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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:06:25 -0700 |
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You may copy it, + give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project + Gutenberg License <a href="#pglicense" class="tei tei-ref">included with this + eBook</a> or online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license" class="tei tei-xref">http://www.gutenberg.org/license</a></p></div><pre class="pre tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em">Title: The Revision Revised + +Author: John William Burgon + +Release Date: July 13, 2011 [Ebook #36722] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE REVISION REVISED*** +</pre></div> + </div> + <div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + + </div> + + <hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.73em"><span style="font-size: 173%">The Revision Revised.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Three Articles</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Reprinted From The </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 120%">“</span><span style="font-size: 120%">Quarterly Review.</span><span style="font-size: 120%">”</span></span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">I. The New Greek Text.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">II. The New English Version.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">III. Westcott and Hort's New Textual Theory.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">To Which is Added A</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">Reply to Bishop Ellicott's Pamphlet</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">In Defence Of</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">The Revisers and Their Greek Text of the New Testament:</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Including a Vindication of the Traditional Reading of 1 Timothy III. 16.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.44em"><span style="font-size: 144%">By John William Burgon, B.D.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span style="font-size: 120%">Dean of Chichester.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.20em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 120%">“</span><span style="font-size: 120%">Little children,—Keep yourselves from idols.</span><span style="font-size: 120%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 120%">—1 John v. 21.</span></p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">Dover Publications, Inc.</p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">New York</p> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em">1971</p> + </div> + <hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Contents</span></h1> + <ul class="tei tei-index tei-index-toc"><li><a href="#toc1">Dedication.</a></li><li><a href="#toc3">Preface.</a></li><li><a href="#toc5">Article I. The New Greek Text.</a></li><li><a href="#toc7">Article II. The New English Version.</a></li><li><a href="#toc9">Article III. Westcott And Hort's New +Textual Theory.</a></li><li><a href="#toc11">Letter To Bishop Ellicott, In Reply To His Pamphlet.</a></li><li><a href="#toc13">Appendix Of Sacred Codices.</a></li><li><a href="#toc15">Index I, of Texts of Scripture,—quoted, discussed, or only referred to in +this volume.</a></li><li><a href="#toc17">Index II, of Fathers.</a></li><li><a href="#toc19">Index III, Persons, Places, and Subjects.</a></li><li><a href="#toc21">Footnotes</a></li></ul> + </div> + + </div> +<div class="tei tei-body" style="margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pageiv">[pg iv]</span><a name="Pgiv" id="Pgiv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[Transcriber's Note: This book contains much Greek text, which will not be +well-rendered in plain text versions of this E-book. Also, there is much use of +Greek characters with a vertical bar across the tops of the letters to indicate +abbreviations; because the coding system used in this e-book does not have such an +<span class="tei tei-q">“overline”</span>, they are rendered here with underlines. It also contains some text +in Syriac, which is written right-to-left; for the sake of different transcription +methods, it is transcribed here in both right-to-left and left-to-rights, so that +regardless of the medium of this E-book, one or the other should be readable.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The following is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Prebendary Scrivener's</span></span> recently published +estimate of the System on which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Drs. Westcott and Hort</span></span> +have constructed their <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Greek Text of the New +Testament</span></span>”</span> (1881).—That System, the Chairman of the +Revising Body (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Ellicott</span></span>) has entirely adopted (see +below, pp. 391 to 397), and made the basis of his Defence of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The Revisers</span></span> and their <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">New Greek Text.</span></span>”</span> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(1.) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">There is little hope for the stability of their imposing +structure, if </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its foundations have been laid on the sandy +ground of ingenious conjecture</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. And, since barely the +smallest vestige of historical evidence has ever been +alleged in support of the views of these accomplished +Editors, their teaching must either be received as intuitively +true, or </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">dismissed from our consideration as +precarious and even visionary</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(2.) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Dr. Hort's</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> System </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is entirely destitute of historical +foundation</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(3.) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We are compelled to repeat as emphatically as ever our +strong conviction that the Hypothesis to whose proof he +has devoted so many laborious years, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is destitute not only +of historical foundation, but of all probability, resulting from +the internal goodness of the Text which its adoption would +force upon us</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(4.) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“ </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We cannot doubt</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (says </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Dr. Hort</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">that S. Luke +xxiii. 34 comes from an extraneous source.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Notes</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, +p. 68.]—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Nor can we, on our part, doubt</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (rejoins </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Dr. +Scrivener</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">that the System which entails such consequences +is hopelessly self-condemned</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scrivener's</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Plain Introduction,”</span> &c. [ed. 1883]: +pp. 531, 537, 542, 604. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagev">[pg v]</span><a name="Pgv" id="Pgv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a> +<a name="pdf2" id="pdf2"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Dedication.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To The<br /> +Right Hon. Viscount Cranbrook, G.C.S.I.,<br /> +&c., &c., &c. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">My dear Lord Cranbrook</span></span>, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Allow me the gratification of dedicating the present +Volume to yourself; but for whom—(I reserve the explanation +for another day)—it would never have been written.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">This is not, (as you will perceive at a glance,) the Treatise +which a few years ago I told you I had in hand; and which, +but for the present hindrance, might by this time have been +completed. It has however</span></span> grown out <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of that other work in +the manner explained at the beginning of my Preface. Moreover +it contains not a few specimens of the argumentation of +which the work in question, when at last it sees the light, will +be discovered to be full.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">My one object has been to defeat the mischievous attempt +which was made in 1881 to thrust upon this Church and +Realm a Revision of the Sacred Text, which—recommended +though it be by eminent names—I am thoroughly convinced, +and am able to prove, is untrustworthy from beginning to end.</span></span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagevi">[pg vi]</span><a name="Pgvi" id="Pgvi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The reason is plain. It has been constructed throughout on +an utterly erroneous hypothesis. And I inscribe this Volume +to you, my friend, as a conspicuous member of that body of +faithful and learned Laity by whose deliberate verdict, when +the whole of the evidence has been produced and the case +has been fully argued out, I shall be quite willing that my +contention may stand or fall.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The</span></span> English <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">(as well as the Greek) of the newly </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">Revised +Version</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> is hopelessly at fault. It is to me simply unintelligible +how a company of Scholars can have spent ten years in +elaborating such a very unsatisfactory production. Their +uncouth phraseology and their jerky sentences, their pedantic +obscurity and their unidiomatic English, contrast painfully +with </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">the happy turns of expression, the music of the cadences, +the felicities of the rhythm</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> of our Authorized Version. The +transition from one to the other, as the Bishop of Lincoln +remarks, is like exchanging a well-built carriage for a vehicle +without springs, in which you get jolted to death on a newly-mended +and rarely-traversed road. But the </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Version</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> +is inaccurate as well; exhibits defective scholarship, I +mean, in countless places.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">It is, however, the</span></span> systematic depravation of the underlying +Greek <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">which does so grievously offend me: for this is nothing +else but a poisoning of the River of Life at its sacred source. +Our Revisers, (with the best and purest intentions, no doubt,) +stand convicted of having deliberately rejected the words of +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagevii">[pg vii]</span><a name="Pgvii" id="Pgvii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +Inspiration in every page, and of having substituted for them +fabricated Readings which the Church has long since refused to +acknowledge, or else has rejected with abhorrence; and which +only survive at this time in a little handful of documents of +the most depraved type.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">As Critics they have had abundant warning. Twelve years +ago (1871) a volume appeared on</span></span> the <span class="tei tei-q">“last Twelve Verses of +the Gospel according to S. Mark,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of which the declared +object was to vindicate those Verses against certain critical +objectors, and to establish them by an exhaustive argumentative +process. Up to this hour, for a very obvious reason, no answer +to that volume has been attempted. And yet, at the end of ten +years (1881),—not only in the Revised English but also in the +volume which professes to exhibit the underlying Greek, (which +at least is indefensible,)—the Revisers are observed to separate +off those Twelve precious Verses from their context, in token that +they are no part of the genuine Gospel. Such a deliberate preference +of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“mumpsimus”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">to</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“sumpsimus”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is by no means calculated +to conciliate favour, or even to win respect. The Revisers +have in fact been the dupes of an ingenious Theorist, concerning +whose extraordinary views you are invited to read what Dr. +Scrivener has recently put forth. The words of the last-named +writer (who is</span></span> facile princeps <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in Textual Criticism) will be +found facing the beginning of the present Dedication.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">If, therefore, any do complain that I have sometimes hit my +opponents rather hard, I take leave to point out that </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">to everything +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="pageviii">[pg viii]</span><a name="Pgviii" id="Pgviii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the +sun</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">: </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">a time to embrace, and a time to be far from embracing</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">: +a time for speaking smoothly, and a time for +speaking sharply. And that when the words of Inspiration are +seriously imperilled, as now they are, it is scarcely possible for +one who is determined effectually to preserve the Deposit in its +integrity, to hit either too straight or too hard. In handling +certain recent utterances of Bishop Ellicott, I considered +throughout that it was the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Textual Critic”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not the Successor +of the Apostles,—with whom I had to do.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">And thus I commend my Volume, the fruit of many years +of incessant anxious toil, to your indulgence: requesting that +you will receive it as a token of my sincere respect and admiration; +and desiring to be remembered, my dear Lord +Cranbrook, as</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Your grateful and affectionate</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic"> +Friend and Servant,</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic"> +John W. Burgon.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deanery, Chichester,</span></span><br /> +All Saints' Day., 1883. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pageix">[pg ix]</span><a name="Pgix" id="Pgix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a> +<a name="pdf4" id="pdf4"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Preface.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The ensuing three Articles from the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review,”</span>—(wrung +out of me by the publication [May 17th, 1881] +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> of our <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version of the New +Testament,”</span>)—appear in their present form in compliance +with an amount of continuous solicitation that they should +be separately published, which it would have been alike unreasonable +and ungracious to disregard. I was not prepared +for it. It has caused me—as letter after letter has reached +my hands—mixed feelings; has revived all my original +disinclination and regret. For, gratified as I cannot but feel +by the reception my labours have met with,—(and only the +Author of my being knows what an amount of antecedent +toil is represented by the ensuing pages,)—I yet deplore +more heartily than I am able to express, the injustice done +to the cause of Truth by handling the subject in this fragmentary +way, and by exhibiting the evidence for what is +most certainly true, in such a very incomplete form. A +systematic Treatise is the indispensable condition for securing +cordial assent to the view for which I mainly contend. The +cogency of the argument lies entirely in the cumulative +character of the proof. It requires to be demonstrated by +induction from a large collection of particular instances, as +well as by the complex exhibition of many converging lines +of evidence, that the testimony of one small group of +documents, or rather, of one particular manuscript,—(namely +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagex">[pg x]</span><a name="Pgx" id="Pgx" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Vatican Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, which, for some unexplained reason, it +is just now the fashion to regard with superstitious deference,)—is +the reverse of trustworthy. Nothing in fact but a +considerable Treatise will ever effectually break the yoke of +that iron tyranny to which the excellent Bishop of Gloucester +and Bristol and his colleagues have recently bowed their +necks; and are now for imposing on all English-speaking +men. In brief, if I were not, on the one hand, thoroughly +convinced of the strength of my position,—(and I know it +to be absolutely impregnable);—yet more, if on the other +hand, I did not cherish entire confidence in the practical +good sense and fairness of the English mind;—I could +not have brought myself to come before the public in the +unsystematic way which alone is possible in the pages of +a Review. I must have waited, at all hazards, till I had +finished <span class="tei tei-q">“my Book.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But then, delay would have been fatal. I saw plainly +that unless a sharp blow was delivered immediately, the +Citadel would be in the enemy's hands. I knew also that it +was just possible to condense into 60 or 70 closely-printed +pages what must <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">logically</span></em> prove fatal to the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision.”</span> So +I set to work; and during the long summer days of 1881 +(June to September) the foremost of these three Articles was +elaborated. When the October number of <span class="tei tei-q">“the Quarterly”</span> +appeared, I comforted myself with the secret consciousness +that enough was by this time on record, even had my life +been suddenly brought to a close, to secure the ultimate rejection +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> of 1881. I knew that the <span class="tei tei-q">“New +Greek Text,”</span> (and therefore the <span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version”</span>), +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexi">[pg xi]</span><a name="Pgxi" id="Pgxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +had received its death-blow. It might for a few years drag +out a maimed existence; eagerly defended by some,—timidly +pleaded for by others. But such efforts could be of no avail. +Its days were already numbered. The effect of more and +yet more learned investigation,—of more elaborate and more +extended inquiry,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> be to convince mankind more and +yet more thoroughly that the principles on which it had been +constructed were radically unsound. In the end, when partisanship +had cooled down, and passion had evaporated, and +prejudice had ceased to find an auditory, the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> of +1881 must come to be universally regarded as—what it most +certainly is,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the most astonishing, as well as the most calamitous +literary blunder of the Age</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I. I pointed out that <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">New Greek Text</span></span>,”</span>—which, in +defiance of their instructions,<a id="noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href="#note_1"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> the Revisionists of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +Authorized English Version”</span> had been so ill-advised as to +spend ten years in elaborating,—was a wholly untrustworthy +performance: was full of the gravest errors from beginning +to end: had been constructed throughout on an entirely +mistaken Theory. Availing myself of the published confession +of one of the Revisionists,<a id="noteref_2" name="noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> I explained the nature of +the calamity which had befallen the Revision. I traced the +mischief home to its true authors,—Drs. Westcott and Hort; +a copy of whose unpublished Text of the N. T. (the most +vicious in existence) had been confidentially, and under +pledges of the strictest secrecy, placed in the hands of every +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexii">[pg xii]</span><a name="Pgxii" id="Pgxii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +member of the revising Body.<a id="noteref_3" name="noteref_3" href="#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a> I called attention to the +fact that, unacquainted with the difficult and delicate science +of Textual Criticism, the Revisionists had, in an evil hour, +surrendered themselves to Dr. Hort's guidance: had preferred +his counsels to those of Prebendary Scrivener, (an infinitely +more trustworthy guide): and that the work before the +public was the piteous—but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inevitable</span></em>—result. All this I +explained in the October number of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review”</span> +for 1881.<a id="noteref_4" name="noteref_4" href="#note_4"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">4</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +II. In thus demonstrating the worthlessness of the <span class="tei tei-q">“New +Greek Text”</span> of the Revisionists, I considered that I had +destroyed the key of their position. And so perforce I +had: for if the underlying Greek Text be mistaken, what +else but incorrect must the English Translation be? But on +examining the so-called <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision of the Authorized Version,”</span> +I speedily made the further discovery that the Revised +English would have been in itself intolerable, even had the +Greek been let alone. In the first place, to my surprise and +annoyance, it proved to be a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New Translation</span></em> (rather than a +Revision of the Old) which had been attempted. Painfully +apparent were the tokens which met me on every side +that the Revisionists had been supremely eager not so much +to correct none but <span class="tei tei-q">“plain and clear errors,”</span>—as to introduce +as many changes into the English of the New Testament +Scriptures as they conveniently could.<a id="noteref_5" name="noteref_5" href="#note_5"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">5</span></span></a> A skittish impatience +of the admirable work before them, and a strange inability +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexiii">[pg xiii]</span><a name="Pgxiii" id="Pgxiii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to appreciate its manifold excellences:—a singular imagination +on the part of the promiscuous Company which met in +the Jerusalem Chamber that they were competent to improve +the Authorized Version in every part, and an unaccountable +forgetfulness that the fundamental condition under which +the task of Revision had been by themselves undertaken, +was that they should abstain from all but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessary</span></em>”</span> +changes:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> proved to be only part of the offence which +the Revisionists had committed. It was found that they had +erred through <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">defective Scholarship</span></em> to an extent, and with a +frequency, which to me is simply inexplicable. I accordingly +made it my business to demonstrate all this in a second +Article which appeared in the next (the January) number +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review,”</span> and was entitled <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The New +English Translation</span></span>.”</span><a id="noteref_6" name="noteref_6" href="#note_6"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">6</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +III. Thereupon, a pretence was set up in many quarters, +(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but only by the Revisionists and their friends</span></em>,) that all my +labour hitherto had been thrown away, because I had omitted +to disprove the principles on which this <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text”</span> +is founded. I flattered myself indeed that quite enough had +been said to make it logically certain that the underlying +<span class="tei tei-q">“Textual Theory”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must be</span></em> worthless. But I was not suffered +to cherish this conviction in quiet. It was again and again +cast in my teeth that I had not yet grappled with Drs. Westcott +and Hort's <span class="tei tei-q">“arguments.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Instead of condemning <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their +Text</span></em>, why do you not disprove <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their Theory</span></em>?”</span> It was tauntingly +insinuated that I knew better than to cross swords +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexiv">[pg xiv]</span><a name="Pgxiv" id="Pgxiv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +with the two Cambridge Professors. This reduced me to the +necessity of either leaving it to be inferred from my silence +that I had found Drs. Westcott and Hort's <span class="tei tei-q">“arguments”</span> +unanswerable; or else of coming forward with their book in +my hand, and demonstrating that in their solemn pages an +attentive reader finds himself encountered by nothing but a +series of unsupported assumptions: that their (so called) +<span class="tei tei-q">“Theory”</span> is in reality nothing else but a weak effort of the +Imagination: that the tissue which these accomplished +scholars have been thirty years in elaborating, proves on +inspection to be as flimsy and as worthless as any spider's +web. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I made it my business in consequence to expose, somewhat +in detail, (in a third Article, which appeared in the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review”</span> for April 1882), the absolute absurdity,—(I +use the word advisedly)—of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Westcott and Hort's +New Textual Theory</span></span>;”</span><a id="noteref_7" name="noteref_7" href="#note_7"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">7</span></span></a> and I now respectfully commend +those 130 pages to the attention of candid and unprejudiced +readers. It were idle to expect to convince any others. We +have it on good authority (Dr. Westcott's) that <span class="tei tei-q">“he who has +long pondered over a train of Reasoning, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">becomes unable to +detect its weak points</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_8" name="noteref_8" href="#note_8"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">8</span></span></a> A yet stranger phenomenon is, that +those who have once committed themselves to an erroneous +Theory, seem to be incapable of opening their eyes to the +untrustworthiness of the fabric they have erected, even when +it comes down in their sight, like a child's house built with +playing-cards,—and presents to every eye but their own the +appearance of a shapeless ruin. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexv">[pg xv]</span><a name="Pgxv" id="Pgxv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 1. Two full years have elapsed since the first of these +Essays was published; and my Criticism—for the best of +reasons—remains to this hour unanswered. The public +has been assured indeed, (in the course of some hysterical +remarks by Canon Farrar<a id="noteref_9" name="noteref_9" href="#note_9"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">9</span></span></a>), that <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-q">‘Quarterly Reviewer’</span> +can be refuted as fully as he desires as soon as any scholar +has the leisure to answer him.”</span> The <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Reviewer”</span> +can afford to wait,—if the Revisers can. But they are +reminded that it is no answer to one who has demolished +their master's <span class="tei tei-q">“Theory,”</span> for the pupils to keep on reproducing +fragments of it; and by their mistakes and exaggerations, to +make both themselves and him, ridiculous. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexvi">[pg xvi]</span><a name="Pgxvi" id="Pgxvi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 2. Thus, a writer in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly”</span> for January +1882, (whose knowledge of the subject is entirely derived +from what Dr. Hort has taught him,)—being evidently +much exercised by the first of my three Articles in the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review,”</span>—gravely informs the public that <span class="tei tei-q">“it is +useless to parade such an array of venerable witnesses,”</span> +(meaning the enumerations of Fathers of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iii</span></span>rd, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iv</span></span>th, and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">v</span></span>th centuries which are given below, at pp. <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref">42-4</a>: <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref">80-1</a>: +<a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref">84</a>: <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref">133</a>: <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref">212-3</a>: <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref">359-60</a>: <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref">421</a>: <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref">423</a>: <a href="#Pg486" class="tei tei-ref">486-90</a>:)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for they +have absolutely nothing to say which deserves a moment's hearing</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_10" name="noteref_10" href="#note_10"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">10</span></span></a>—What +a pity it is, (while he was about it), that +the learned gentleman did not go on to explain that the +moon is made of green cheese! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 3. Dr. Sanday,<a id="noteref_11" name="noteref_11" href="#note_11"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">11</span></span></a> in a kindred spirit, delivers it as his +opinion, that <span class="tei tei-q">“the one thing”</span> I lack <span class="tei tei-q">“is a grasp on the +central condition of the problem:”</span>—that I do <span class="tei tei-q">“not seem to +have the faintest glimmering of the principle of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Genealogy:’</span> ”</span>—that +I am <span class="tei tei-q">“all at sea:”</span>—that my <span class="tei tei-q">“heaviest batteries are +discharged at random:”</span>—and a great deal more to the same +effect. The learned Professor is quite welcome to think such +things of me, if he pleases. Οὐ φροντὶς Ἱπποκλείδῃ. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 4. At the end of a year, a Reviewer of quite a different +calibre made his appearance in the January number (1883) +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly:”</span> in return for whose not very +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexvii">[pg xvii]</span><a name="Pgxvii" id="Pgxvii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +encouraging estimate of my labours, I gladly record my +conviction that if he will seriously apply his powerful and +accurate mind to the department of Textual Criticism, he +will probably produce a work which will help materially to +establish the study in which he takes such an intelligent +interest, on a scientific basis. But then, he is invited to +accept the friendly assurance that the indispensable condition +of success in this department is, that a man should give +to the subject, (which is a very intricate one and abounds in +unexplored problems), his undivided attention for an extended +period. I trust there is nothing unreasonable in the suggestion +that one who has not done this, should be very circumspect +when he sits in judgment on a neighbour of his who, for +very many years past, has given to Textual Criticism the +whole of his time;—has freely sacrificed health, ease, relaxation, +even necessary rest, to this one object;—has made +it his one business to acquire such an independent mastery +of the subject as shall qualify him to do battle successfully +for the imperilled letter of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Word. My friend however +thinks differently. He says of me,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">In his first Article there was something amusing in the +simplicity with which </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Lloyd's Greek Testament</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (which is +only a convenient little Oxford edition of the ordinary kind) +was put forth as the final standard of appeal. It recalled to +our recollection Bentley's sarcasm upon the text of Stephanus, +which </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">your learned Whitbyus</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> takes for the sacred original in +every syllable.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (P. 354.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 5. On referring to the passage where my <span class="tei tei-q">“simplicity”</span> +has afforded amusement to a friend whose brilliant conversation +is always a delight to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em>, I read as follows,— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexviii">[pg xviii]</span><a name="Pgxviii" id="Pgxviii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It is discovered that in the 111 (out of 320) pages of a copy +of Lloyd's Greek Testament, in which alone these five manuscripts +are collectively available for comparison in the Gospels,—the +serious deflections of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> from the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> amount +in all to only 842: whereas in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> they amount to 1798: in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to +2370: in א, to 3392: in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to 4697. The readings </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">peculiar to</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +within the same limits are 133: those peculiar to </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> are 170. But +those of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> amount to 197: while א exhibits 443: and the readings +peculiar to </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (within the same limits), are no fewer than +1829.... We submit that these facts are not altogether +calculated to inspire confidence in codices </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_12" name="noteref_12" href="#note_12"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">12</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 6. But how (let me ask) does it appear from this, that +I have <span class="tei tei-q">“put forth Lloyd's Greek Testament as the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">final +standard of Appeal</span></em>”</span>? True, that, in order to exhibit clearly +their respective divergences, I have referred five famous +codices (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>)—certain of which are found to have +turned the brain of Critics of the new school—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to one and the +same familiar exhibition of the commonly received Text of the +New Testament</span></em>: but by so doing I have not by any means +assumed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Textual purity</span></em> of that common standard. In +other words I have not made it <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the final standard of +Appeal</span></em>.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">All</span></em> Critics,—wherever found,—at all times, have +collated with the commonly received Text: but only as the +most convenient <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">standard of Comparison</span></em>; not, surely, as the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexix">[pg xix]</span><a name="Pgxix" id="Pgxix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +absolute <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">standard of Excellence</span></em>. The result of the experiment +already referred to,—(and, I beg to say, it was an exceedingly +laborious experiment,)—has been, to demonstrate that +the five Manuscripts in question stand apart from one another +in the following proportions:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +842 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>) : 1798 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>) : 2370 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) : 3392 (א) : 4697 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But would not the same result have been obtained if the +<span class="tei tei-q">“five old uncials”</span> had been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">referred to any other common +standard which can be named</span></em>? In the meantime, what else +is the inevitable inference from this phenomenon but that +four out of the five <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> be—while all the five <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> be—outrageously +depraved documents? instead of being fit to be +made our exclusive guides to the Truth of Scripture,—as +Critics of the school of Tischendorf and Tregelles would have +us believe that they are? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 7. I cited a book which is in the hands of every schoolboy, +(Lloyd's <span class="tei tei-q">“Greek Testament,”</span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> in order to facilitate +reference, and to make sure that my statements would be +at once understood by the least learned person who could +be supposed to have access to the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly.”</span> I presumed +every scholar to be aware that Bp. Lloyd (1827) professes to +reproduce Mill's text; and that Mill (1707) reproduces the +text of Stephens;<a id="noteref_13" name="noteref_13" href="#note_13"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">13</span></span></a> and that Stephens (1550) exhibits with +sufficient accuracy the Traditional text,—which is confessedly +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexx">[pg xx]</span><a name="Pgxx" id="Pgxx" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +at least 1530 years old.<a id="noteref_14" name="noteref_14" href="#note_14"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">14</span></span></a> Now, if a tolerable approximation +to the text of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350 may <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> be accepted as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a standard of +Comparison</span></em>,—will the writer in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly”</span> be +so obliging as to inform us <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> exhibition of the sacred +Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 8. A pamphlet by the Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol,<a id="noteref_15" name="noteref_15" href="#note_15"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">15</span></span></a> +which appeared in April 1882, remains to be considered. +Written expressly in defence of the Revisers and their New +Greek Text, this composition displays a slenderness of +acquaintance with the subject now under discussion, for +which I was little prepared. Inasmuch however as it is the +production of the Chairman of the Revisionist body, and +professes to be a reply to my first two Articles, I have +bestowed upon it an elaborate and particular rejoinder +extending to an hundred-and-fifty pages.<a id="noteref_16" name="noteref_16" href="#note_16"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">16</span></span></a> I shall in +consequence be very brief concerning it in this place. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 9. The respected writer does nothing else but reproduce +Westcott and Hort's theory <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in Westcott and Hort's words</span></em>. +He contributes nothing of his own. The singular infelicity +which attended his complaint that the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Reviewer”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“censures their [Westcott and Hort's] Text,”</span> but, <span class="tei tei-q">“has not +attempted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a serious examination of the arguments which they +allege in its support</span></em>,”</span> I have sufficiently dwelt upon elsewhere.<a id="noteref_17" name="noteref_17" href="#note_17"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">17</span></span></a> +The rest of the Bishop's contention may be summed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxi">[pg xxi]</span><a name="Pgxxi" id="Pgxxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +up in two propositions:—The first, (I.) That if the Revisionists +are wrong in their <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text,”</span> then (not only +Westcott and Hort, but) Lachmann, Tischendorf and Tregelles +must be wrong also,—a statement which I hold to be incontrovertible.—The +Bishop's other position is also undeniable: +viz. (II.) That in order to pass an equitable judgment on +ancient documents, they are to be carefully studied, closely +compared, and tested by a more scientific process than rough +comparison with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>.<a id="noteref_18" name="noteref_18" href="#note_18"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">18</span></span></a>... Thus, on both +heads, I find myself entirely at one with Bp. Ellicott. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 10. And yet,—as the last 150 pages of the present +volume show,—I have the misfortune to be at issue with the +learned writer on almost every particular which he proposes +for discussion. Thus, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 11. At page 64 of his pamphlet, he fastens resolutely +upon the famous problem whether <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Θεός), or <span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span> +(ὅς), is to be read in 1 Timothy iii. 16. I had upheld +the former reading in eight pages. He contends for the +latter, with something like acrimony, in twelve.<a id="noteref_19" name="noteref_19" href="#note_19"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">19</span></span></a> I have +been at the pains, in consequence, to write a <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dissertation</span></span>”</span> +of seventy-six pages on this important subject,<a id="noteref_20" name="noteref_20" href="#note_20"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">20</span></span></a>—the preparation +of which (may I be allowed to record the circumstance +in passing?) occupied me closely for six months,<a id="noteref_21" name="noteref_21" href="#note_21"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">21</span></span></a> and taxed +me severely. Thus, the only point which Bishop Ellicott +has condescended to discuss argumentatively with me, will +be found to enjoy full half of my letter to him in reply. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxii">[pg xxii]</span><a name="Pgxxii" id="Pgxxii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <span class="tei tei-q">“Dissertation”</span> referred to, I submit with humble confidence +to the judgment of educated Englishmen. It requires +no learning to understand the case. And I have particularly +to request that those who will be at the pains to look into +this question, will remember,—(1) That the place of Scripture +discussed (viz. 1 Tim. iii. 16) was deliberately selected +for a trial of strength by the Bishop: (I should not have +chosen it myself):—(2) That on the issue of the contention +which he has thus himself invited, we have respectively +staked our critical reputation. The discussion exhibits very +fairly our two methods,—his and mine; and <span class="tei tei-q">“is of great +importance as an example,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“illustrating in a striking +manner”</span> our respective positions,—as the Bishop himself +has been careful to remind his readers.<a id="noteref_22" name="noteref_22" href="#note_22"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">22</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 12. One merely desirous of taking a general survey of +this question, is invited to read from page <a href="#Pg485" class="tei tei-ref">485</a> to 496 of the +present volume. To understand the case thoroughly, he +must submit to the labour of beginning at p. <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424</a> and reading +down to p. 501. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 13. A thoughtful person who has been at the pains to do +this, will be apt on laying down the book to ask,—<span class="tei tei-q">“But is +it not very remarkable that so many as five of the ancient +Versions should favour the reading <span class="tei tei-q">‘which,’</span> (μυστήριον; ὃ +ἐφανερώθη,) instead of <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>’</span> (Θεός)”</span>?—<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, it is very +remarkable,”</span> I answer. <span class="tei tei-q">“For though the Old Latin and the +two Egyptian Versions are constantly observed to conspire +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxiii">[pg xxiii]</span><a name="Pgxxiii" id="Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in error, they rarely find allies in the Peschito and the +Æthiopic. On the other hand, you are to remember that +besides <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span> have to be inquired after: +while more important than either is the testimony of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>. Now, the combined witness to <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>’</span> (Θεός),—so +multitudinous, so respectable, so varied, so unequivocal,—of +the Copies and of the Fathers (in addition to three of the +Versions) is simply overwhelming. It becomes undeniable +that Θεός is by far the best supported reading of the present +place.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 14. When, however, such an one as Tischendorf or +Tregelles,—Hort or Ellicott,—would put me down by reminding +me that half-a-dozen of the oldest Versions are +against me,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> argument”</span> (I reply) <span class="tei tei-q">“is not allowable +on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your</span></em> lips. For if the united testimony of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">five</span></em> of the +Versions really be, in your account, decisive,—Why do you +deny the genuineness of the last Twelve Verses of S. Mark's +Gospel, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which are recognized by every one of the Versions</span></em>? +Those Verses are besides attested <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by every known Copy</span></em>, except +two of bad character: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by a mighty chorus of Fathers</span></em>: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by the +unfaltering Tradition of the Church universal</span></em>. First remove +from S. Mark xvi. 20, your brand of suspicion, and then +come back to me in order that we may discuss together how +1 Tim. iii. 16 is to be read. And yet, when you come back, +it must not be to plead in favour of <span class="tei tei-q">‘who’</span> (ὅσ), in place of +<span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>’</span> (Θεός). For <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">‘who’</span> (ὅς), remember, but <span class="tei tei-q">‘which’</span> (ὅ) +is the reading advocated by those five earliest Versions.”</span> ... +In other words,—the reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16, which the +Revisers have adopted, enjoys, (as I have shown from page +<a href="#Pg428" class="tei tei-ref">428</a> to page 501), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the feeblest attestation of any</span></em>; besides +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxiv">[pg xxiv]</span><a name="Pgxxiv" id="Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +being condemned by internal considerations and the universal +Tradition of the Eastern Church. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 15. I pass on, after modestly asking,—Is it too much to +hope, (I covet no other guerdon for my labour!) that we +shall hear no more about substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> in +1 Tim. iii. 16? We may not go on disputing for ever: and +surely, until men are able to produce some more cogent +evidence than has yet come to light in support of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +mystery of godliness, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>”</span> (τὸ τῆς εὐσβείας μυστήριον: +ὅς),—all sincere inquirers after Truth are bound to accept +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> reading which has been demonstrated to be by far the +best attested. Enough however on this head. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 16. It was said just now that I cordially concur with +Bp. Ellicott in the second of his two propositions,—viz. That +<span class="tei tei-q">“no equitable judgment can be passed on ancient documents +until they are carefully studied, and closely compared with +each other, and tested by a more scientific process than rough +comparison with”</span> the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>. I wish to add a few +words on this subject: the rather, because what I am about +to say will be found as applicable to my Reviewer in the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly”</span> as to the Bishop. Both have misapprehended +this matter, and in exactly the same way. Where +such accomplished Scholars have erred, what wonder if +ordinary readers should find themselves all a-field? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 17. In Textual Criticism then, <span class="tei tei-q">“rough comparison”</span> can +seldom, if ever, be of any real use. On the other hand, the +exact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Collation</span></em> of documents whether ancient or modern with +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxv">[pg xxv]</span><a name="Pgxxv" id="Pgxxv" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the received Text, is the necessary foundation of all scientific +Criticism. I employ that Text,—(as Mill, Bentley, Wetstein; +Griesbach, Matthæi, Scholz; Tischendorf, Tregelles, Scrivener, +employed it before me,)—not as a criterion of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Excellence</span></em>, but +as a standard of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Comparison</span></em>. All this will be found fully +explained below, from page <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref">383</a> to page 391. Whenever I +would judge of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the authenticity</span></em> of any particular reading, I +insist on bringing it, wherever found,—whether in Justin +Martyr and Irenæus, on the one hand; or in Stephens and +Elzevir, on the other;—to the test of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Catholic Antiquity</span></em>. If +that witness is consentient, or very nearly so, whether for or +against any given reading, I hold it to be decisive. To no +other system of arbitration will I submit myself. I decline +to recognise any other criterion of Truth. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 18. What compels me to repeat this so often, is the +impatient self-sufficiency of these last days, which is for +breaking away from the old restraints; and for erecting the +individual conscience into an authority from which there +shall be no appeal. I know but too well how laborious is +the scientific method which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> advocate. A long summer day +disappears, while the student—with all his appliances about +him—is resolutely threshing out some minute textual problem. +Another, and yet another bright day vanishes. Comes Saturday +evening at last, and a page of illegible manuscript is all that +he has to show for a week's heavy toil. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Quousque tandem?</span></span> +And yet, it is the indispensable condition of progress in an +unexplored region, that a few should thus labour, until a +path has been cut through the forest,—a road laid down,—huts +built,—a <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">modus vivendi</span></span> established. In this department +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxvi">[pg xxvi]</span><a name="Pgxxvi" id="Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of sacred Science, men have been going on too long inventing +their facts, and delivering themselves of oracular decrees, on +the sole responsibility of their own inner consciousness. +There is great convenience in such a method certainly,—a +charming simplicity which is in a high degree attractive to +flesh and blood. It dispenses with proof. It furnishes no +evidence. It asserts when it ought to argue.<a id="noteref_23" name="noteref_23" href="#note_23"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">23</span></span></a> It reiterates +when it is called upon to explain.<a id="noteref_24" name="noteref_24" href="#note_24"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">24</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“I am sir Oracle.”</span> ... +This,—which I venture to style the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unscientific</span></em> method,—reached +its culminating point when Professors Westcott and +Hort recently put forth their Recension of the Greek Text. +Their work is indeed quite a psychological curiosity. +Incomprehensible to me is it how two able men of +disciplined understandings can have seriously put forth +the volume which they call <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Introduction</span></span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>.”</span> +It is the very <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Reductio ad absurdum</span></span> of the uncritical +method of the last fifty years. And it is especially in +opposition to this new method of theirs that I so strenuously +insist that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient voice of Catholic Antiquity</span></em> is to be +diligently inquired after and submissively listened to; for +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>, in the end, will prove our <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> safe guide. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 19. Let this be a sufficient reply to my Reviewer in +the <span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly”</span>—who, I observe, notes, as a fundamental +defect in my Articles, <span class="tei tei-q">“the want of a consistent working +Theory, such as would enable us to weigh, as well as +count, the suffrages of MSS., Versions, and Fathers.”</span><a id="noteref_25" name="noteref_25" href="#note_25"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">25</span></span></a> He is +reminded that it was no part of my business to propound a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxvii">[pg xxvii]</span><a name="Pgxxvii" id="Pgxxvii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Theory.”</span> My <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">method</span></em> I have explained often and fully enough. +My business was to prove that the theory of Drs. Westcott +and Hort,—which (as Bp. Ellicott's pamphlet proves) has +been mainly adopted by the Revisionists,—is not only a +worthless, but an utterly absurd one. And I have proved +it. The method I persistently advocate in every case of a +supposed doubtful Reading, (I say it for the last time, and +request that I may be no more misrepresented,) is, that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an appeal shall be unreservedly made to Catholic Antiquity</span></em>; +and that the combined verdict of Manuscripts, Versions, +Fathers, shall be regarded as decisive. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 20. I find myself, in the mean time, met by the scoffs, +jeers, misrepresentations of the disciples of this new School; +who, instead of producing historical facts and intelligible +arguments, appeal to the decrees of their teachers,—which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> +disallow, and which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> are unable to substantiate. They +delight in announcing that Textual Criticism made <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a fresh +departure</span></em>”</span> with the edition of Drs. Westcott and Hort: that +the work of those scholars <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">marks an era</span></em>,”</span> and is spoken of +in Germany as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">epoch-making</span></em>.”</span> My own belief is, that the +Edition in question, if it be epoch-making at all, marks <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> +epoch at which the current of critical thought, reversing +its wayward course, began once more to flow in its ancient +healthy channel. <span class="tei tei-q">“Cloud-land”</span> having been duly sighted on +the 14th September 1881,<a id="noteref_26" name="noteref_26" href="#note_26"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">26</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“a fresh departure”</span> was insisted +upon by public opinion,—and a deliberate return was made,—to +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">terra firma</span></span>, and <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">terra cognita</span></span>, and common sense. So +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxviii">[pg xxviii]</span><a name="Pgxxviii" id="Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +far from <span class="tei tei-q">“its paramount claim to the respect of future +generations,”</span> being <span class="tei tei-q">“the restitution of a more ancient and +a purer Text,”</span>—I venture to predict that the edition of the +two Cambridge Professors will be hereafter remembered as +indicating the furthest point ever reached by the self-evolved +imaginations of English disciples of the school of Lachmann, +Tischendorf, Tregelles. The recoil promises to be complete. +English good sense is ever observed to prevail in the long +run; although for a few years a foreign fashion may acquire +the ascendant, and beguile a few unstable wits. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 21. It only remains to state that in republishing these +Essays I have availed myself of the opportunity to make +several corrections and additions; as well as here and there +to expand what before had been too briefly delivered. My +learned friend and kind neighbour, the Rev. R. Cowley +Powles, has ably helped me to correct the sheets. Much +valuable assistance has been zealously rendered me throughout +by my nephew, the Rev. William F. Rose, Vicar of +Worle, Somersetshire. But the unwearied patience and consummate +skill of my Secretary (M. W.) passes praise. Every +syllable of the present volume has been transcribed by her +for the press; and to her I am indebted for two of my Indices.—The +obligations under which many learned men, both +at home and abroad, have laid me, will be found faithfully +acknowledged, in the proper place, at the foot of the page. I +am sincerely grateful to them all. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 22. It will be readily believed that I have been sorely +tempted to recast the whole and to strengthen my position +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxix">[pg xxix]</span><a name="Pgxxix" id="Pgxxix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in every part: but then, the work would have no longer been,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Three +Articles reprinted from the Quarterly Review.”</span> +Earnestly have I desired, for many years past, to produce +a systematic Treatise on this great subject. My aspiration +all along has been, and still is, in place of the absolute +Empiricism which has hitherto prevailed in Textual inquiry +to exhibit the logical outlines of what, I am persuaded, is +destined to become a truly delightful Science. But I more +than long,—I fairly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ache</span></em> to have done with Controversy, and +to be free to devote myself to the work of Interpretation. +My apology for bestowing so large a portion of my time on +Textual Criticism, is David's when he was reproached by his +brethren for appearing on the field of battle,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Is there not +a cause?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 23. For,—let it clearly be noted,—it is no longer the +case that critical doubts concerning the sacred Text are +confined to critical Editions of the Greek. So long as scholars +were content to ventilate their crotchets in a little arena of +their own,—however mistaken they might be, and even +though they changed their opinions once in every ten years,—no +great harm was likely to come of it. Students of the +Greek Testament were sure to have their attention called +to the subject,—which must always be in the highest degree +desirable; and it was to be expected that in this, as in every +other department of learning, the progress of Inquiry would +result in gradual accessions of certain Knowledge. After +many years it might be found practicable to put forth by +authority a carefully considered Revision of the commonly +received Greek Text. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxx">[pg xxx]</span><a name="Pgxxx" id="Pgxxx" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 24. But instead of all this, a Revision of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English +Authorised Version</span></em> having been sanctioned by the Convocation +of the Southern Province in 1871, the opportunity was +eagerly snatched at by two irresponsible scholars of the +University of Cambridge for obtaining the general sanction +of the Revising body, and thus indirectly of Convocation, for +a private venture of their own,—their own privately devised +Revision of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek Text</span></em>. On that Greek Text of theirs, +(which I hold to be the most depraved which has ever +appeared in print), with some slight modifications, our +Authorised English Version has been silently revised: silently, +I say, for in the margin of the English no record is preserved +of the underlying Textual changes which have been introduced +by the Revisionists. On the contrary. Use has been made +of that margin to insinuate suspicion and distrust in countless +particulars as to the authenticity of the Text which +has been suffered to remain unaltered. In the meantime, +the country has been flooded with two editions of the New +Greek Text; and thus the door has been set wide open for +universal mistrust of the Truth of Scripture to enter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 25. Even schoolboys, it seems, are to have these crude +views thrust upon them. Witness the <span class="tei tei-q">“Cambridge Greek +Testament for Schools,”</span> edited by Dean Perowne,—who informs +us at the outset that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Syndics of the Cambridge +University Press</span></em> have not thought it desirable to reprint the +text in common use.”</span> A consensus of Drs. Tischendorf and +Tregelles,—who confessedly employed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the self-same mistaken +major premiss</span></em> in remodelling the Sacred Text,—seems, in a +general way, to represent those Syndics' notion of Textual +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxi">[pg xxxi]</span><a name="Pgxxxi" id="Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +purity. By this means every most serious deformity in the +edition of Drs. Westcott and Hort, becomes promoted to +honour, and is being thrust on the unsuspecting youth of +England as the genuine utterance of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>. +Would it not have been the fairer, the more faithful as well +as the more judicious course,—seeing that in respect of this +abstruse and important question <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">adhuc sub judice lis est</span></span>,—to +wait patiently awhile? Certainly not to snatch an opportunity +<span class="tei tei-q">“while men slept,”</span> and in this way indirectly to prejudge +the solemn issue! Not by such methods is the cause +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Truth on earth to be promoted. Even this however +is not all. Bishop Lightfoot has been informed that <span class="tei tei-q">“the +Bible Society has permitted its Translators to adopt the Text +of the Revised Version <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">where it commends itself to their +judgment</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_27" name="noteref_27" href="#note_27"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">27</span></span></a> In other words, persons wholly unacquainted +with the dangers which beset this delicate and difficult +problem are invited to determine, by the light of Nature +and on the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">solvere ambulando</span></span>”</span> principle, what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> inspired +Scripture, what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>: and as a necessary consequence are encouraged +to disseminate in heathen lands Readings which, a +few years hence,—(so at least I venture to predict,)—will +be universally recognized as worthless. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 26. If all this does not constitute a valid reason for +descending into the arena of controversy, it would in my +judgment be impossible to indicate an occasion when the +Christian soldier <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> called upon to do so:—the rather, because +certain of those who, from their rank and station in the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexxxii">[pg xxxii]</span><a name="Pgxxxii" id="Pgxxxii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Church, ought to be the champions of the Truth, are at this +time found to be among its most vigorous assailants. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +§ 27. Let me,—(and with this I conclude),—in giving the +present Volume to the world, be allowed to request that it may +be accepted as a sample of how Deans employ their time,—the +use they make of their opportunities. Nowhere but +under the shadow of a Cathedral, (or in a College,) can such +laborious endeavours as the present <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">pro Ecclesiâ</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dei</span></span> be +successfully prosecuted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +J. W. B. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deanery, Chichester,</span><br /><span style="font-variant: small-caps"> +All Saints' Day, 1883.</span></span> +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page001">[pg 001]</span><a name="Pg001" id="Pg001" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a> +<a name="pdf6" id="pdf6"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Article I. The New Greek Text.</span></h1> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">One question in connexion with the Authorized Version I have purposely +neglected. It seemed useless to discuss its </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Revision</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The Revision +of the original Texts must precede the Revision of the Translation</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">: and +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the time for this, even in the New Testament, has not yet fully come</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Dr. +Westcott.</span></span><a id="noteref_28" name="noteref_28" href="#note_28"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">28</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It is my honest conviction that for any authoritative </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Revision</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, we +are not yet mature; </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">either in Biblical learning or Hellenistic scholarship</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. +There is good scholarship in this country, ... but </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">it has certainly not +yet been sufficiently directed to the study of the New Testament</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> ... to +render any national attempt at </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Revision</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> either hopeful or lastingly profitable.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop +Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_29" name="noteref_29" href="#note_29"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">29</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">I am persuaded that a </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Revision</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ought to come: I am convinced that +it will come. Not however, I would trust, as yet; for </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">we are not as yet +in any respect prepared for it</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The Greek and the English</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> which should +enable us to bring this to a successful end, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">might, it is feared, be wanting +alike</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Archbishop Trench.</span></span><a id="noteref_30" name="noteref_30" href="#note_30"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">30</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It is happened unto them according to the true proverb, Κύων ἐπιστρέψας +ἐπὶ τὸ ἴδιον ἐξέραμα; and Ὕς λουσαμένη εἰς κύλισμα βορβόρου.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—2 </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Peter</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ii. 22. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Little children,—Keep yourselves from idols.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—1 </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">John</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> v. 21. +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +At a period of extraordinary intellectual activity like the +present, it can occasion no surprise—although it may +reasonably create anxiety—if the most sacred and cherished +of our Institutions are constrained each in turn to submit to +the ordeal of hostile scrutiny; sometimes even to bear the +brunt of actual attack. When however at last the very +citadel of revealed Truth is observed to have been reached, +and to be undergoing systematic assault and battery, +lookers-on may be excused if they show themselves more +than usually solicitous, <span class="tei tei-q">“ne quid detrimenti Civitas DEI +capiat.”</span> A Revision of the Authorized Version of the New +Testament,<a id="noteref_31" name="noteref_31" href="#note_31"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">31</span></span></a> purporting to have been executed by authority +of the Convocation of the Southern Province, and declaring +itself the exclusive property of our two ancient Universities, +has recently (17th May, 1881) appeared; of which the +essential feature proves to be, that it is founded on an +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page002">[pg 002]</span><a name="Pg002" id="Pg002" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entirely New Recension of the Greek Text</span></em>.<a id="noteref_32" name="noteref_32" href="#note_32"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">32</span></span></a> A claim is at +the same time set up on behalf of the last-named production +that it exhibits a closer approximation to the inspired Autographs +than the world has hitherto seen. Not unreasonable +therefore is the expectation entertained by its Authors that +the <span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version”</span> founded on this <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek +Text”</span> is destined to supersede the <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version”</span> of +1611. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Quæ cum ita sint</span></span>, it is clearly high time that every +faithful man among us should bestir himself: and in +particular that such as have made Greek Textual Criticism +in any degree their study should address themselves to the +investigation of the claims of this, the latest product of the +combined Biblical learning of the Church and of the sects. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For it must be plain to all, that the issue which has been +thus at last raised, is of the most serious character. The +Authors of this new Revision of the Greek have either entitled +themselves to the Church's profound reverence and abiding +gratitude; or else they have laid themselves open to her +gravest censure, and must experience at her hands nothing +short of stern and well-merited rebuke. No middle course +presents itself; since assuredly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to construct a new Greek Text</span></em> +formed no part of the Instructions which the Revisionists +received at the hands of the Convocation of the Southern +Province. Rather were they warned against venturing on +such an experiment; the fundamental principle of the entire +undertaking having been declared at the outset to be—That +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page003">[pg 003]</span><a name="Pg003" id="Pg003" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“a Revision of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Authorized Version</span></span>”</span> is desirable; and the +terms of the original Resolution of Feb. 10th, 1870, being, +that the removal of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">plain and clear errors</span></span>”</span> was alone +contemplated,—<span class="tei tei-q">“whether in the Greek Text originally adopted +by the Translators, or in the Translation made from the +same.”</span> Such were in fact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the limits formally imposed by Convocation</span></em>, +(10th Feb. and 3rd, 5th May, 1870,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the work of +Revision</span></em>. Only <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">necessary</span></span> changes were to be made. The +first Rule of the Committee (25th May) was similar in +character: viz.—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To introduce as few alterations as possible +into the Text of the Authorized Version</span></em>, consistently with faithfulness.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But further, we were reconciled to the prospect of a +Revised Greek Text, by noting that a limit was prescribed to +the amount of licence which could by possibility result, by +the insertion of a proviso, which however is now discovered +to have been entirely disregarded by the Revisionists. The +condition was enjoined upon them that whenever <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decidedly +preponderating evidence</span></em>”</span> constrained their adoption of some +change in <span class="tei tei-q">“the Text from which the Authorized Version was +made,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they should indicate such alteration in the margin</span></em>. +Will it be believed that, this notwithstanding, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one</span></em> of the +many alterations which have been introduced into the +original Text is so commemorated? On the contrary: singular +to relate, the Margin is disfigured throughout with +ominous hints that, had <span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Many +ancient authorities,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Many very ancient authorities,”</span> been +attended to, a vast many more changes might, could, would, +or should have been introduced into the Greek Text than +have been actually adopted. And yet, this is precisely the +kind of record which we ought to have been spared:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) First,—Because it was plainly external to the province +of the Revisionists to introduce any such details into their +margin <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at all</span></em>: their very function being, on the contrary, to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page004">[pg 004]</span><a name="Pg004" id="Pg004" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +investigate Textual questions in conclave, and to present the +ordinary Reader with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the result</span></em> of their deliberations. Their +business was to correct <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>;”</span> not, +certainly, to invent a fresh crop of unheard-of doubts and +difficulties. This first.—Now, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) That a diversity of opinion would sometimes be found +to exist in the revising body was to have been expected, but +when once two-thirds of their number had finally <span class="tei tei-q">“settled”</span> +any question, it is plainly unreasonable that the discomfited +minority should claim the privilege of evermore parading +their grievance before the public; and in effect should be +allowed to represent <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> as a corporate doubt, which was in +reality the result of individual idiosyncrasy. It is not +reasonable that the echoes of a forgotten strife should be +thus prolonged for ever; least of all in the margin of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +Gospel of peace.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) In fact, the privilege of figuring in the margin of +the N. T., (instead of standing in the Text,) is even attended +by a fatal result: for, (as Bp. Ellicott remarks,) <span class="tei tei-q">“the judgment +commonly entertained in reference to our present +margin,”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> the margin of the A. V.) is, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its contents are</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“exegetically or critically <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">superior to the Text</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_33" name="noteref_33" href="#note_33"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">33</span></span></a> It will +certainly be long before this popular estimate is unconditionally +abandoned. But, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) Especially do we deprecate the introduction into the +margin of all this strange lore, because we insist on behalf +of unlearned persons that they ought not to be molested +with information which cannot, by possibility, be of the +slightest service to them: with vague statements about +<span class="tei tei-q">“ancient authorities,”</span>—of the importance, or unimportance, +of which they know absolutely nothing, nor indeed ever can +know. Unlearned readers on taking the Revision into their +hands, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> at least 999 readers out of 1000,) will <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page005">[pg 005]</span><a name="Pg005" id="Pg005" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +aware whether these (so-called) <span class="tei tei-q">“Various Readings”</span> are to be +scornfully scouted, as nothing else but ancient perversions +of the Truth; or else are to be lovingly cherished, as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alternative</span></em>”</span> +[see the Revisers' <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> (iii. 1.)] exhibitions of the +inspired Verity,—to their own abiding perplexity and infinite +distress. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Undeniable at all events it is, that the effect which these +ever-recurring announcements produce on the devout reader +of Scripture is the reverse of edifying: is never helpful: is +always bewildering. A man of ordinary acuteness can but +exclaim,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, very likely. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But what of it</span></em>? My eye +happens to alight on <span class="tei tei-q">‘Bethesda’</span> (in S. John v. 2); against +which I find in the margin,—<span class="tei tei-q">‘Some ancient authorities read +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bethsaida</span></span>, others <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bethzatha</span></span>.’</span> Am I then to understand that +in the judgment of the Revisionists it is uncertain <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> of +those three names is right?”</span>... Not so the expert, who is +overheard to moralize concerning the phenomena of the case +after a less ceremonious fashion:—<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bethsaida</span></span>’</span>! Yes, the +old Latin<a id="noteref_34" name="noteref_34" href="#note_34"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">34</span></span></a> and the Vulgate,<a id="noteref_35" name="noteref_35" href="#note_35"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">35</span></span></a> countenanced by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> manuscript +of bad character, so reads. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">‘</span><span style="font-style: italic">Bethzatha</span><span style="font-style: italic">’</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">!</span></span> Yes, the blunder +is found in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> manuscripts, both of bad character. Why do +you not go on to tell us that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">another</span></em> manuscript exhibits +<span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Belzetha</span></span>’</span>?—another (supported by Eusebius<a id="noteref_36" name="noteref_36" href="#note_36"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">36</span></span></a> and [in one +place] by Cyril<a id="noteref_37" name="noteref_37" href="#note_37"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">37</span></span></a>), <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bezatha</span></span>’</span>? Nay, why not say plainly that +there are found to exist <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upwards of thirty</span></em> blundering representations +of this same word; but that <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bethesda</span></span>’</span>—(the +reading of sixteen uncials and the whole body of the cursives, +besides the Peschito and Cureton's Syriac, the Armenian, +Georgian and Slavonic Versions,—Didymus,<a id="noteref_38" name="noteref_38" href="#note_38"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">38</span></span></a> Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_39" name="noteref_39" href="#note_39"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">39</span></span></a> +and Cyril<a id="noteref_40" name="noteref_40" href="#note_40"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">40</span></span></a>),—is the only reasonable way of exhibiting it? To +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page006">[pg 006]</span><a name="Pg006" id="Pg006" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +speak plainly, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why encumber your margin with such a note at +all?</span></em>”</span>... But we are moving forward too fast. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It can never be any question among scholars, that a fatal +error was committed when a body of Divines, appointed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to +revise the Authorized English Version</span></em> of the New Testament +Scriptures, addressed themselves to the solution of an entirely +different and far more intricate problem, namely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the re-construction +of the Greek Text</span></em>. We are content to pass over +much that is distressing in the antecedent history of their +enterprise. We forbear at this time of day to investigate, by +an appeal to documents and dates, certain proceedings in and +out of Convocation, on which it is known that the gravest +diversity of sentiment still prevails among Churchmen.<a id="noteref_41" name="noteref_41" href="#note_41"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">41</span></span></a> +This we do, not by any means as ourselves <span class="tei tei-q">“halting between +two opinions,”</span> but only as sincerely desirous that the work +before us may stand or fall, judged by its own intrinsic +merits. Whether or no Convocation,—when it <span class="tei tei-q">“nominated +certain of its own members to undertake the work of Revision,”</span> +and authorized them <span class="tei tei-q">“to refer when they considered it +desirable to Divines, Scholars, and Literary men, at home or +abroad, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for their opinion</span></em>;”</span>—whether Convocation intended +thereby to sanction the actual <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">co-optation</span></em> into the Company +appointed by themselves, of members of the Presbyterian, +the Wesleyan, the Baptist, the Congregationalist, the Socinian +body; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> we venture to think may fairly be doubted.—Whether +again Convocation can have foreseen that of the +ninety-nine Scholars in all who have taken part in this work +of Revision, only forty-nine would be Churchmen, while the +remaining fifty would belong to the sects:<a id="noteref_42" name="noteref_42" href="#note_42"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">42</span></span></a>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> also we +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page007">[pg 007]</span><a name="Pg007" id="Pg007" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +venture to think may be reasonably called in question.—Whether +lastly, the Canterbury Convocation, had it been +appealed to with reference to <span class="tei tei-q">“the Westminster-Abbey +scandal”</span> (June 22nd, 1870), would not have cleared itself of +the suspicion of complicity, by an unequivocal resolution,—we +entertain no manner of doubt.—But we decline to enter +upon these, or any other like matters. Our business is exclusively +with the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">result</span></em> at which the Revisionists of the New +Testament have arrived: and it is to this that we now +address ourselves; with the mere avowal of our grave anxiety +at the spectacle of an assembly of scholars, appointed to +revise <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an English Translation</span></em>, finding themselves called +upon, as every fresh difficulty emerged, to develop the skill +requisite for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">critically revising the original Greek Text</span></em>. What +else is implied by the very endeavour, but a singular expectation +that experts in one Science may, at a moment's +notice, show themselves proficients in another,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> one +of the most difficult and delicate imaginable? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Enough has been said to make it plain why, in the ensuing +pages, we propose to pursue a different course from that +which has been adopted by Reviewers generally, since the +memorable day (May 17th, 1881) when the work of the +Revisionists was for the first time submitted to public +scrutiny. The one point which, with rare exceptions, has +ever since monopolized attention, has been the merits or +demerits of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their English rendering</span></em> of certain Greek words +and expressions. But there is clearly a question of prior +interest and infinitely greater importance, which has to be +settled first: namely, the merits or demerits of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the changes +which the same Scholars have taken upon themselves to introduce +into the Greek Text</span></em>. Until it has been ascertained that +the result of their labours exhibits a decided improvement +upon what before was read, it is clearly a mere waste of time +to enquire into the merits of their work as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revisers of a +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page008">[pg 008]</span><a name="Pg008" id="Pg008" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +Translation</span></em>. But in fact it has to be proved that the +Revisionists have restricted themselves to the removal of +<span class="tei tei-q">“plain and clear <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">errors</span></em>”</span> from the commonly received Text. +We are distressed to discover that, on the contrary, they +have done something quite different. The treatment which +the N. T. has experienced at the hands of the Revisionists +recals the fate of some ancient edifice which confessedly +required to be painted, papered, scoured,—with a minimum +of masons' and carpenters' work,—in order to be inhabited +with comfort for the next hundred years: but those entrusted +with the job were so ill-advised as to persuade themselves that +it required to be to a great extent rebuilt. Accordingly, in an +evil hour they set about removing foundations, and did so +much structural mischief that in the end it became necessary +to proceed against them for damages. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Without the remotest intention of imposing views of our +own on the general Reader, but only to enable him to give +his intelligent assent to much that is to follow, we find ourselves +constrained in the first instance,—before conducting +him over any part of the domain which the Revisionists have +ventured uninvited to occupy,—to premise a few ordinary +facts which lie on the threshold of the science of Textual +Criticism. Until these have been clearly apprehended, no +progress whatever is possible. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) The provision, then, which the Divine Author of +Scripture is found to have made for the preservation in its +integrity of His written Word, is of a peculiarly varied and +highly complex description. First,—By causing that a vast +multiplication of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span> should be required all down the ages,—beginning +at the earliest period, and continuing in an ever-increasing +ratio until the actual invention of Printing,—He +provided the most effectual security imaginable against fraud. +True, that millions of the copies so produced have long since +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page009">[pg 009]</span><a name="Pg009" id="Pg009" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +perished: but it is nevertheless a plain fact that there +survive of the Gospels alone upwards of one thousand copies +to the present day. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) Next, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>. The necessity of translating the Scriptures +into divers languages for the use of different branches +of the early Church, procured that many an authentic record +has been preserved of the New Testament as it existed in the +first few centuries of the Christian era. Thus, the Peschito +Syriac and the old Latin version are believed to have been +executed in the IInd century. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is no stretch of imagination”</span> +(wrote Bp. Ellicott in 1870,) <span class="tei tei-q">“to suppose that portions +of the Peschito might have been in the hands of S. John, or +that the Old Latin represented the current views of the +Roman Christians of the IInd century.”</span><a id="noteref_43" name="noteref_43" href="#note_43"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">43</span></span></a> The two Egyptian +translations are referred to the IIIrd and IVth. The Vulgate +(or revised Latin) and the Gothic are also claimed for the +IVth: the Armenian, and possibly the Æthiopic, belong to +the Vth. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) Lastly, the requirements of assailants and apologists +alike, the business of Commentators, the needs of controversialists +and teachers in every age, have resulted in a vast +accumulation of additional evidence, of which it is scarcely +possible to over-estimate the importance. For in this way it +has come to pass that every famous Doctor of the Church in +turn has quoted more or less largely from the sacred writings, +and thus has borne testimony to the contents of the codices +with which he was individually familiar. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Patristic Citations</span></span> +accordingly are a third mighty safeguard of the integrity +of the deposit. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To weigh these three instruments of Criticism—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>—one against another, is obviously impossible +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page010">[pg 010]</span><a name="Pg010" id="Pg010" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +on the present occasion. Such a discussion would +grow at once into a treatise.<a id="noteref_44" name="noteref_44" href="#note_44"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">44</span></span></a> Certain explanatory details, +together with a few words of caution, are as much as may be +attempted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I. And, first of all, the reader has need to be apprised +(with reference to the first-named class of evidence) that most +of our extant <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">copies</span></span> of the N. T. Scriptures are comparatively +of recent date, ranging from the Xth to the XIVth century of +our era. That these are in every instance copies of yet older +manuscripts, is self-evident; and that in the main they +represent faithfully the sacred autographs themselves, no +reasonable person doubts.<a id="noteref_45" name="noteref_45" href="#note_45"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">45</span></span></a> Still, it is undeniable that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page011">[pg 011]</span><a name="Pg011" id="Pg011" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> thus separated by about a thousand years from their +inspired archetypes. Readers are reminded, in passing, that +the little handful of copies on which we rely for the texts of +Herodotus and Thucydides, of Æschylus and Sophocles, are +removed from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> originals by full 500 years more: and +that, instead of a thousand, or half a thousand copies, we are +dependent for the text of certain of these authors on as many +copies as may be counted on the fingers of one hand. In +truth, the security which the Text of the New Testament +enjoys is altogether unique and extraordinary. To specify +one single consideration, which has never yet attracted nearly +the amount of attention it deserves,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Lectionaries”</span> abound, +which establish the Text which has been publicly read in the +churches of the East, from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400 until the time of +the invention of printing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But here an important consideration claims special attention. +We allude to the result of increased acquaintance with +certain of the oldest extant codices of the N. T. Two of +these,—viz. a copy in the Vatican technically indicated by +the letter <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and the recently-discovered Sinaitic codex, styled +after the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet א,—are thought +to belong to the IVth century. Two are assigned to the Vth, +viz. the Alexandrian (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>) in the British Museum, and the +rescript codex preserved at Paris, designated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>. One is probably +of the VIth, viz. the codex Bezæ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) preserved at +Cambridge. Singular to relate, the first, second, fourth, and +fifth of these codices (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>), but especially <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, have +within the last twenty years established a tyrannical ascendency +over the imagination of the Critics, which can only be +fitly spoken of as a blind superstition. It matters nothing +that all four are discovered on careful scrutiny to differ +essentially, not only from ninety-nine out of a hundred of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page012">[pg 012]</span><a name="Pg012" id="Pg012" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the whole body of extant MSS. besides, but even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from one +another</span></em>. This last circumstance, obviously fatal to their +corporate pretensions, is unaccountably overlooked. And +yet it admits of only one satisfactory explanation: viz. that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in different degrees</span></em> they all five exhibit a fabricated text. +Between the first two (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א) there subsists an amount of +sinister resemblance, which proves that they must have been +derived at no very remote period from the same corrupt +original. Tischendorf insists that they were partly written +by the same scribe. Yet do they stand asunder in every +page; as well as differ widely from the commonly received +Text, with which they have been carefully collated. On +being referred to this standard, in the Gospels alone, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> is +found to omit at least 2877 words: to add, 536: to substitute, +935: to transpose, 2098: to modify, 1132 (in all 7578):—the +corresponding figures for א being severally 3455, 839, +1114, 2299, 1265 (in all 8972). And be it remembered that +the omissions, additions, substitutions, transpositions, and +modifications, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are by no means the same</span></em> in both. It is in +fact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">easier to find two consecutive verses in which these two +MSS. differ the one from the other, than two consecutive verses +in which they entirely agree</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But by far the most depraved text is that exhibited +by codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-q">“No known manuscript contains so many +bold and extensive interpolations. Its variations from +the sacred Text are beyond all other example.”</span><a id="noteref_46" name="noteref_46" href="#note_46"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">46</span></span></a> This, +however, is not the result of its being the most recent of +the five, but (singular to relate) is due to quite an opposite +cause. It is thought (not without reason) to exhibit a +IInd-century text. <span class="tei tei-q">“When we turn to the Acts of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page013">[pg 013]</span><a name="Pg013" id="Pg013" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Apostles,”</span> (says the learned editor of the codex in question, +Dr. Scrivener,<a id="noteref_47" name="noteref_47" href="#note_47"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">47</span></span></a>)— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We find ourselves confronted with a text, the like to which we +have no experience of elsewhere. It is hardly an exaggeration +to assert that codex </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> reproduces the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Textus receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> much in +the same way that one of the best Chaldee Targums does the +Hebrew of the Old Testament: so wide are the variations in +the diction, so constant and inveterate the practice of expounding +the narrative by means of interpolations which seldom +recommend themselves as genuine by even a semblance of +internal probability.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Vix dici potest</span></span>”</span> (says Mill) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quam supra omnem modum +licenter se gesserit, ac plane lasciverit Interpolator</span></span>.”</span> Though +a large portion of the Gospels is missing, in what remains +(tested by the same standard) we find 3704 words omitted: +no less than 2213 added, and 2121 substituted. The words +transposed amount to 3471: and 1772 have been modified: +the deflections from the Received Text thus amounting in all +to 13,281.—Next to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, the most untrustworthy codex is א, +which bears on its front a memorable note of the evil repute +under which it has always laboured: viz. it is found that at +least <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ten</span></em> revisers between the IVth and the XIIth centuries +busied themselves with the task of correcting its many and +extraordinary perversions of the truth of Scripture.<a id="noteref_48" name="noteref_48" href="#note_48"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">48</span></span></a>—Next in +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page014">[pg 014]</span><a name="Pg014" id="Pg014" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +impurity comes <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>:—then, the fragmentary codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>: our own +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> being, beyond all doubt, disfigured by the fewest blemishes +of any. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What precedes admits to some extent of further numerical +illustration. It is discovered that in the 111 (out of 320) +pages of an ordinary copy of the Greek Testament, in which +alone these five manuscripts are collectively available for +comparison in the Gospels,—the serious deflections of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> from +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus receptus</span></span> amount in all to only 842: whereas in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> +they amount to 1798: in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, to 2370: in א, to 3392: in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, to +4697. The readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> within the same limits are +133: those peculiar to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> are 170. But those of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> amount to +197: while א exhibits 443: and the readings peculiar to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> +(within the same limits), are no fewer than 1829.... We +submit that these facts—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which result from merely referring +five manuscripts to one and the same common standard</span></em>—are +by no means calculated to inspire confidence in codices +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>:—codices, be it remembered, which come to us without +a character, without a history, in fact without antecedents +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> kind. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But let the learned chairman of the New Testament company +of Revisionists (Bp. Ellicott) be heard on this subject. +He is characterizing these same <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials,”</span> which it is just +now the fashion—or rather, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">craze</span></em>—to hold up as oracular, +and to which his lordship is as devotedly and blindly attached +as any of his neighbours:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">simplicity and dignified conciseness</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (he says) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">of the +Vatican manuscript (</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">): the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">greater expansiveness</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of our own +Alexandrian (</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">): the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">partially mixed characteristics</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the Sinaitic +(א): the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">paraphrastic tone</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">singular</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> codex Bezæ (</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">), are now +brought home to the student.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_49" name="noteref_49" href="#note_49"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">49</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Could ingenuity have devised severer satire than such a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page015">[pg 015]</span><a name="Pg015" id="Pg015" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +description of four professing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transcripts</span></em> of a book; and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> +book, the everlasting Gospel itself?—transcripts, be it +observed in passing, on which it is just now the fashion to +rely implicitly for the very orthography of proper names,—the +spelling of common words,—the minutiæ of grammar. +What (we ask) would be thought of four such <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">copies</span></em>”</span> of +Thucydides or of Shakspeare? Imagine it gravely proposed, +by the aid of four such conflicting documents, to re-adjust +the text of the funeral oration of Pericles, or to re-edit +<span class="tei tei-q">“Hamlet.”</span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Risum teneatis amici?</span></span> Why, some of the poet's +most familiar lines would cease to be recognizable: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Toby +or not Toby; that is the question</span></span>:”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tob or not, +is the question</span></span>:”</span> א,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">To be a tub, or not to be a tub; the question +is that</span></span>:”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The question is, to beat, or not to beat +Toby?</span></span>”</span>: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> (the <span class="tei tei-q">“singular codex”</span>),—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The only question is +this: to beat that Toby, or to be a tub?</span></span>”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet—without by any means subscribing to the precise +terms in which the judicious Prelate characterizes those <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ignes +fatui</span></span> which have so persistently and egregiously led his lordship +and his colleagues astray—(for indeed one seems rather +to be reading a description of four styles of composition, or +of as many fashions in ladies' dress, than of four copies of +the Gospel)—we have already furnished indirect proof that +his estimate of the codices in question is in the main correct. +Further acquaintance with them does but intensify the bad +character which he has given them. Let no one suppose +that we deny their extraordinary value,—their unrivalled +critical interest,—nay, their actual <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">use</span></em> in helping to settle +the truth of Scripture. What we are just now insisting upon +is only the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">depraved text</span></em> of codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>,—especially of +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>. And because this is a matter which lies at the root of +the whole controversy, and because we cannot afford that +there shall exist in our reader's mind the slightest doubt on +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page016">[pg 016]</span><a name="Pg016" id="Pg016" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> part of the subject, we shall be constrained once and +again to trouble him with detailed specimens of the contents +of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, &c., in proof of the justice of what we have been +alleging. We venture to assure him, without a particle of +hesitation, that א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span> are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three of the most scandalously +corrupt copies extant</span></em>:—exhibit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the most shamefully mutilated</span></em> +texts which are anywhere to be met with:—have become, by +whatever process (for their history is wholly unknown), the +depositories of the largest amount of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fabricated readings</span></em>, +ancient <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">blunders</span></em>, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">intentional perversions of Truth</span></em>,—which +are discoverable in any known copies of the Word of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in fact take a single page of any ordinary copy of the +Greek Testament,—Bp. Lloyd's edition, suppose. Turn to page +184. It contains ten verses of S. Luke's Gospel, ch. viii. 35 to +44. Now, proceed to collate those ten verses. You will make +the notable discovery that, within those narrow limits, by codex +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> alone the text has been depraved 53 times, resulting in no +less than 103 corrupt readings, 93 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of which are found only in</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. The words omitted by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> are 40: the words added are 4. +Twenty-five words have been substituted for others, and 14 +transposed. Variations of case, tense, &c., amount to 16; and +the phrase of the Evangelist has been departed from 11 times. +Happily, the other four <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> are here available. And +it is found that (within the same limits, and referred to the +same test,) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> exhibits 3 omissions, 2 of which are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> omits 12 words, 6 of which are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>: substitutes +3 words: transposes 4: and exhibits 6 lesser changes—2 +of them being its own peculiar property.—א has 5 readings +(affecting 8 words) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to itself</span></em>. Its omissions are 7: +its additions, 2: its substitutions, 4: 2 words are transposed; +and it exhibits 4 lesser discrepancies.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> has 7 readings +(affecting 15 words) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to itself</span></em>. Its omissions are 4: +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page017">[pg 017]</span><a name="Pg017" id="Pg017" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +its additions, 7: its substitutions, 7: its words transposed, 7. +It has 2 lesser discrepancies, and it alters the Evangelist's +phrase 4 times. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But (we shall be asked) what amount of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">agreement</span></em>, in +respect of <span class="tei tei-q">“Various Readings,”</span> is discovered to subsist between +these 5 codices? for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, after all, is the practical question. +We answer,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> has been already shown to stand alone +twice: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 6 times: א, 8 times: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, 15 times; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, 93 times.—We +have further to state that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> stand together by themselves +once: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, 4 times: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span>, 1: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, 1: א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, 1: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, 1.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> conspire 1: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, 1: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, 1: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">once</span></em> (viz. in +reading ἐρώτησεν, which Tischendorf admits to be a corrupt +reading): <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, also <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">once</span></em>.—The 5 <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> therefore +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) combine, and again stand apart, with singular +impartiality.—Lastly, they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never once</span></em> found to be in +accord in respect of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any single </span><span class="tei tei-q">“various Reading”</span></em>.—Will any +one, after a candid survey of the premisses, deem us unreasonable, +if we avow that such a specimen of the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">concordia +discors</span></span> which everywhere prevails between the oldest +uncials, but which especially characterizes א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, indisposes +us greatly to suffer their unsupported authority to determine +for us the Text of Scripture? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let no one at all events obscure the one question at +issue, by asking,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Whether we consider the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> +infallible?”</span> The merit or demerit of the Received Text has +absolutely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nothing whatever to do with the question</span></em>. We care +nothing about it. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Any</span></em> Text would equally suit our present +purpose. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Any</span></em> Text would show the <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> perpetually +at discord <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">among themselves</span></em>. To raise an irrelevant +discussion, at the outset, concerning the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>:—to +describe the haste with which Erasmus produced the first +published edition of the N. T.:—to make sport about the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page018">[pg 018]</span><a name="Pg018" id="Pg018" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +copies which he employed:—all this kind of thing is the +proceeding of one who seeks to mislead his readers:—to throw +dust into their eyes:—to divert their attention from the problem +actually before them:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>—(as we confidently expect +when we have to do with such writers as these)—the method +of a sincere lover of Truth. To proceed, however. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +II. and III. Nothing has been said as yet concerning the +Text exhibited by the earliest of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> and by the +most ancient of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>. But, for the purpose we have +just now in hand, neither are such details necessary. We +desire to hasten forward. A somewhat fuller review of +certain of our oldest available materials might prove even +more discouraging. But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> would only be because it is +impossible, within such narrow limits as the present, to give +the reader any idea at all of the wealth of our actual +resources; and to convince him of the extent to which the +least trustworthy of our guides prove in turn invaluable +helps in correcting the exorbitances of their fellows. The +practical result in fact of what has been hitherto offered is +after all but this, that we have to be on our guard against +pinning our faith exclusively on two or three,—least of all +on one or two ancient documents; and of adopting <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them</span></em> +exclusively for our guides. We are shown, in other words, +that it is utterly out of the question to rely on any single +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">set</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">group</span></em> of authorities, much less on any single document, +for the determination of the Text of Scripture. +Happily, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span> are numerous: most of them are +in the main trustworthy: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> of them represent far older +documents than themselves. Our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> (two of which +are more ancient by a couple of centuries than any sacred +codex extant) severally correct and check one another. +Lastly, in the writings of a host of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>,—the principal +being Eusebius, Athanasius, Basil, the Gregories, Didymus, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page019">[pg 019]</span><a name="Pg019" id="Pg019" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Epiphanius, Chrysostom, the Cyrils, Theodoret,—we are provided +with contemporaneous evidence which, whenever it +can be had, becomes an effectual safeguard against the unsupported +decrees of our oldest codices, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, as well as +the occasional vagaries of the Versions. In the writings of +Irenæus, Clemens Alex., Origen, Dionysius Alex., Hippolytus, +we meet with older evidence still. No more precarious +foundation for a reading, in fact, can be named, than the +unsupported advocacy of a single Manuscript, or Version, or +Father; or even of two or three of these combined. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But indeed the principle involved in the foregoing remarks +admits of being far more broadly stated. It even stands +to reason that we may safely reject any reading which, out +of the whole body of available authorities,—Manuscripts, +Versions, Fathers,—finds support nowhere save in one and +the same little handful of suspicious documents. For we +resolutely maintain, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">external Evidence</span></em> must after all be +our best, our only safe guide; and (to come to the point) we +refuse to throw in our lot with those who, disregarding the +witness of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every other</span></em> known Codex—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every other</span></em> Version—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +other</span></em> available Ecclesiastical Writer,—insist on following +the dictates of a little group of authorities, of which nothing +whatever is known with so much certainty as that often, +when they concur exclusively, it is to mislead. We speak of +codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or א or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>; the IXth-century codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>, and such +cursives<a id="noteref_50" name="noteref_50" href="#note_50"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">50</span></span></a> as 13 or 33; a few copies of the old Latin and +one of the Egyptian versions: perhaps Origen.—Not theory +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page020">[pg 020]</span><a name="Pg020" id="Pg020" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +therefore:—not prejudice:—not conjecture:—not unproved +assertion:—not any single codex, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly</span></em> not codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>:—not +an imaginary <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiochene Recension”</span> of another +imaginary <span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian Text:”</span>—not antecedent fancies about +the affinity of documents:—neither <span class="tei tei-q">“the [purely arbitrary] +method of genealogy,”</span>—nor one man's notions (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which may be +reversed by another man's notions</span></em>) of <span class="tei tei-q">“Transcriptional Probability:”</span>—not +<span class="tei tei-q">“instinctive processes of Criticism,”</span>—least of +all <span class="tei tei-q">“the individual mind,”</span> with its <span class="tei tei-q">“supposed power of +divining the Original Text”</span>—of which no intelligible account +can be rendered:—nothing of this sort,—(however specious +and plausible it may sound, especially when set forth in +confident language; advocated with a great show of unintelligible +learning; supported by a formidable array of +cabalistic symbols and mysterious contractions; above all +when recommended by justly respected names,)—nothing of +this sort, we say, must be allowed to determine for us the +Text of Scripture. The very proposal should set us on our +guard against the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainty</span></em> of imposition. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We deem it even axiomatic, that, in every case of doubt +or difficulty—supposed or real—our critical method must +be the same: namely, after patiently collecting <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the +available evidence, then, without partiality or prejudice, to +adjudicate between the conflicting authorities, and loyally to +accept that verdict for which there is clearly the preponderating +evidence. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The best supported Reading</span></em>, in other words, +must always be held to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the true Reading</span></em>: and nothing +may be rejected from the commonly received Text, except on +evidence which shall <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clearly</span></em> outweigh the evidence for +retaining it. We are glad to know that, so far at least, we +once had Bp. Ellicott with us. He announced (in 1870) that +the best way of proceeding with the work of Revision is, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to +make the Textus Receptus the standard</span></em>,—departing from it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page021">[pg 021]</span><a name="Pg021" id="Pg021" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only when</span></em> critical or grammatical considerations <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">show that it +is clearly necessary</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_51" name="noteref_51" href="#note_51"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">51</span></span></a> We ourselves mean no more. Whenever +the evidence is about evenly balanced, few it is hoped +will deny that the Text which has been <span class="tei tei-q">“in possession”</span> for +three centuries and a half, and which rests on infinitely +better manuscript evidence than that of any ancient work +which can be named,—should, for every reason, be let +alone.<a id="noteref_52" name="noteref_52" href="#note_52"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">52</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, (we shall perhaps be asked,) has any critical Editor +of the N. T. seriously taught the reverse of all this? Yes +indeed, we answer. Lachmann, Tregelles, Tischendorf,—the +most recent and most famous of modern editors,—have all +three adopted a directly opposite theory of textual revision. +With the first-named, fifty years ago (1831), virtually originated +the principle of recurring exclusively to a few ancient +documents to the exclusion of the many. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lachmann's</span></span> text +seldom rests on more than four Greek codices, very often on +three, not unfrequently on two, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sometimes on only one</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_53" name="noteref_53" href="#note_53"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">53</span></span></a> +Bishop Ellicott speaks of it as <span class="tei tei-q">“a text composed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the +narrowest and most exclusive principles</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_54" name="noteref_54" href="#note_54"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">54</span></span></a> Of the Greek +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page022">[pg 022]</span><a name="Pg022" id="Pg022" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Fathers (Lachmann says) he employed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only Origen</span></em>.<a id="noteref_55" name="noteref_55" href="#note_55"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">55</span></span></a> Paying +extraordinary deference to the Latin Version, he entirely +disregarded the coëval Syriac translation. The result of such +a system must needs prove satisfactory to no one except its +author. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Lachmann's leading fallacy has perforce proved fatal to +the value of the text put forth by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dr. Tregelles</span></span>. Of the +scrupulous accuracy, the indefatigable industry, the pious +zeal of that estimable and devoted scholar, we speak not. +All honour to his memory! As a specimen of conscientious +labour, his edition of the N. T. (1857-72) passes praise, and +will <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> lose its value. But it has only to be stated, that +Tregelles effectually persuaded himself that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eighty-nine +ninetieths</span></em>”</span> of our extant manuscripts and other authorities +may safely be rejected and lost sight of when we come to +amend the text and try to restore it to its primitive purity,<a id="noteref_56" name="noteref_56" href="#note_56"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">56</span></span></a>—to +make it plain that in Textual Criticism he must needs +be regarded as an untrustworthy teacher. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> he should +have condescended to employ no patristic authority later +than Eusebius [fl. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 320], he does not explain. <span class="tei tei-q">“His +critical principles,”</span> (says Bishop Ellicott,) <span class="tei tei-q">“especially his +general principles of estimating and regarding modern manuscripts, +are now perhaps justly called in question.”</span><a id="noteref_57" name="noteref_57" href="#note_57"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">57</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The case of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dr. Tischendorf</span></span>”</span> (proceeds Bp. Ellicott) <span class="tei tei-q">“is +still more easily disposed of. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em> of this most inconstant +Critic's texts are we to select? Surely not the last, in which +an exaggerated preference for a single Manuscript which he +has had the good fortune to discover, has betrayed him into +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page023">[pg 023]</span><a name="Pg023" id="Pg023" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +an almost child-like infirmity of critical judgment. Surely +also not his seventh edition, which ... exhibits all the +instability which a comparatively recent recognition of the +authority of cursive manuscripts might be supposed likely to +introduce.”</span><a id="noteref_58" name="noteref_58" href="#note_58"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">58</span></span></a> With Dr. Tischendorf,—(whom one vastly his +superior in learning, accuracy, and judgment, has generously +styled <span class="tei tei-q">“the first Biblical Critic in Europe”</span><a id="noteref_59" name="noteref_59" href="#note_59"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">59</span></span></a>)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the evidence +of codex</span></em> א, supported or even unsupported by one or two +other authorities of any description, is sufficient to outweigh +any other witnesses,—whether Manuscripts, Versions, or +ecclesiastical Writers.”</span><a id="noteref_60" name="noteref_60" href="#note_60"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">60</span></span></a> We need say no more. Until the +foregoing charge has been disproved, Dr. Tischendorf's last +edition of the N. T., however precious as a vast storehouse of +materials for criticism,—however admirable as a specimen +of unwearied labour, critical learning, and first-rate ability,—must +be admitted to be an utterly unsatisfactory exhibition +of the inspired Text. It has been ascertained that +his discovery of codex א caused his 8th edition (1865-72) +to differ from his 7th in no less than 3505 places,—<span class="tei tei-q">“to the +scandal of the science of Comparative Criticism, as well as to +his own grave discredit for discernment and consistency.”</span><a id="noteref_61" name="noteref_61" href="#note_61"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">61</span></span></a> +But, in fact, what is to be thought of a Critic who,—because +the last verse of S. John's Gospel, in א, seemed to himself to +be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written with a different pen</span></em> from the rest,—has actually +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted that verse</span></em> (xxi. 25) entirely, in defiance of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +known Copy, every known Version</span></em>, and the explicit testimony +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a host of Fathers</span></em>? Such are Origen (in 11 places),—Eusebius +(in 3),—Gregory Nyss. (in 2),—Gregory Nazian.,—ps.-Dionys. +Alex.,<a id="noteref_62" name="noteref_62" href="#note_62"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">62</span></span></a>—Nonnus,—Chrysostom (in 6 places),—Theodoras +Mops. (in 2),—Isidorus,—Cyril Alex. (in 2),—Victor +Ant.,—Ammonius,—Severus,—Maximus,—Andreas +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page024">[pg 024]</span><a name="Pg024" id="Pg024" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Cretensis,—Ambrose,—Gaudentius,—Philastrius,— Sedulius,—Jerome,—Augustine +(in 6 places). That Tischendorf was +a critic of amazing research, singular shrewdness, indefatigable +industry; and that he enjoyed an unrivalled familiarity +with ancient documents; no fair person will deny. But (in +the words of Bishop Ellicott,<a id="noteref_63" name="noteref_63" href="#note_63"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">63</span></span></a> whom we quote so perseveringly +for a reason not hard to divine,) his <span class="tei tei-q">“great inconstancy,”</span>—his +<span class="tei tei-q">“natural want of sobriety of critical judgment,”</span>—and his +<span class="tei tei-q">“unreasonable deference to the readings found in his own +codex Sinaiticus;”</span>—to which should be added <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the utter +absence in him of any intelligible fixed critical principles</span></em>;”</span>—all +this makes Tischendorf one of the worst of guides to +the true Text of Scripture. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The last to enter the field are <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Drs. Westcott</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Hort</span></span>, +whose beautifully-printed edition of <span class="tei tei-q">“the New Testament in +the original Greek”</span><a id="noteref_64" name="noteref_64" href="#note_64"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">64</span></span></a> was published <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">within five days</span></em> of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Authorized Version”</span> itself; a <span class="tei tei-q">“confidential”</span> copy of +their work having been already entrusted to every member +of the New Test. company of Revisionists to guide them in +their labours,—under pledge that they should neither show +nor communicate its contents to any one else.—The learned +Editors candidly avow, that they <span class="tei tei-q">“have deliberately chosen +on the whole to rely for documentary evidence on the stores +accumulated by their predecessors, and to confine themselves +to their proper work of editing the text itself.”</span><a id="noteref_65" name="noteref_65" href="#note_65"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">65</span></span></a> Nothing +therefore has to be enquired after, except the critical principles +on which they have proceeded. And, after assuring +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page025">[pg 025]</span><a name="Pg025" id="Pg025" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +us that <span class="tei tei-q">“the study of Grouping is the foundation of all +enduring Criticism,”</span><a id="noteref_66" name="noteref_66" href="#note_66"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">66</span></span></a> they produce their secret: viz. That in +<span class="tei tei-q">“every one of our witnesses”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">except codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-q">“corruptions +are innumerable;”</span><a id="noteref_67" name="noteref_67" href="#note_67"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">67</span></span></a> and that, in the Gospels, the one <span class="tei tei-q">“group +of witnesses”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of </span><span class="tei tei-q">“incomparable value”</span></em>, is codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-q">“combination +with another primary Greek manuscript, as א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b t</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> Ξ, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b z</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> 33, and in S. Mark <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> Δ.”</span><a id="noteref_68" name="noteref_68" href="#note_68"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">68</span></span></a> This is +<span class="tei tei-q">“Textual Criticism made easy,”</span> certainly. Well aware of the +preposterous results to which such a major premiss must +inevitably lead, we are not surprised to find a plea straightway +put in for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">instinctive processes of Criticism</span></em>”</span> of which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +foundation </span><span class="tei tei-q">“needs perpetual correction and recorrection”</span></em>. But +our confidence fairly gives way when, in the same breath, the +accomplished Editors proceed as follows:—<span class="tei tei-q">“But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we are +obliged to come to the individual mind</span></em> at last; and canons of +Criticism are useful only as warnings against <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">natural illusions</span></em>, +and aids to circumspect consideration, not as absolute +rules to prescribe the final decision. It is true that no <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">individual +mind</span></em> can ever work with perfect uniformity, or free +itself completely from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its own idiosyncrasies</span></em>. Yet a clear +sense of the danger of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unconscious caprice</span></em> may do much +towards excluding it. We trust also that the present Text +has escaped some risks of this kind by being the joint production +of two Editors of different habits of mind”</span><a id="noteref_69" name="noteref_69" href="#note_69"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">69</span></span></a> ... A +somewhat insecure safeguard surely! May we be permitted +without offence to point out that the <span class="tei tei-q">“idiosyncrasies”</span> of an +<span class="tei tei-q">“individual mind”</span> (to which we learn with astonishment <span class="tei tei-q">“we +are obliged to come at last”</span>) are probably the very worst +foundation possible on which to build the recension of an +inspired writing? With regret we record our conviction, +that these accomplished scholars have succeeded in producing +a Text vastly more remote from the inspired autographs of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page026">[pg 026]</span><a name="Pg026" id="Pg026" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Evangelists than any which has appeared since the +invention of printing. When full Prolegomena have been +furnished we shall know more about the matter;<a id="noteref_70" name="noteref_70" href="#note_70"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">70</span></span></a> but to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page027">[pg 027]</span><a name="Pg027" id="Pg027" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +judge from the Remarks (in pp. 541-62) which the learned +Editors (Revisionists themselves) have subjoined to their +elegantly-printed volume, it is to be feared that the fabric +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page028">[pg 028]</span><a name="Pg028" id="Pg028" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +will be found to rest too exclusively on vague assumption +and unproved hypothesis. In other words, a painful apprehension +is created that their edition of <span class="tei tei-q">“The New Testament +in the original Greek”</span> will be found to partake inconveniently +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page029">[pg 029]</span><a name="Pg029" id="Pg029" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of the nature of a work of the Imagination. As +codex א proved fatal to Dr. Tischendorf, so is codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> evidently +the rock on which Drs. Westcott and Hort have split. +Did it ever occur to those learned men to enquire how the +Septuagint Version of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Old</span></em> Testament has fared at the +hands of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>? They are respectfully invited to address +themselves to this very damaging enquiry. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But surely (rejoins the intelligent Reader, coming fresh to +these studies), the oldest extant Manuscripts (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> +exhibit the purest text! Is it not so? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ought</span></em> to be so, no doubt (we answer); but it certainly +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">need not</span></em> be the case. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We know that Origen in Palestine, Lucian at Antioch, +Hesychius in Egypt, <span class="tei tei-q">“revised”</span> the text of the N. T. Unfortunately, +they did their work in an age when such fatal misapprehension +prevailed on the subject, that each in turn will +have inevitably imported a fresh assortment of <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">monstra</span></span> into +the sacred writings. Add, the baneful influence of such +spirits as Theophilus (sixth Bishop of Antioch, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 168), +Tatian, Ammonius, &c., of whom we know there were very +many in the primitive age,—some of whose productions, +we further know, were freely multiplied in every quarter +of ancient Christendom:—add, the fabricated Gospels which +anciently abounded; notably the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of the Hebrews</span></span>, +about which Jerome is so communicative, and which (he +says) he had translated into Greek and Latin:—lastly, freely +grant that here and there, with well-meant assiduity, the +orthodox themselves may have sought to prop up truths +which the early heretics (Basilides, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 134, Valentinus, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +140, with his disciple Heracleon, Marcion, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150, and the +rest,) most perseveringly assailed;—and we have sufficiently +explained how it comes to pass that not a few of the codices +of primitive Christendom must have exhibited Texts which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page030">[pg 030]</span><a name="Pg030" id="Pg030" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +were even scandalously corrupt. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is no less true to fact +than paradoxical in sound,”</span> writes the most learned of the +Revisionist body, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">that the worst corruptions, to which the New Testament has +ever been subjected, originated within a hundred years after it +was composed: that Irenæus [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> 150] and the African Fathers, +and the whole Western, with a portion of the Syrian Church, +used far inferior manuscripts to those employed by Stunica, or +Erasmus, or Stephens thirteen centuries later, when moulding +the Textus Receptus.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_71" name="noteref_71" href="#note_71"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">71</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And what else are codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span> but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">specimens</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in vastly</span></em> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">different degrees</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the class thus characterized</span></em> by Prebendary +Scrivener? Nay, who will venture to deny that those +codices are indebted for their preservation <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">solely</span></em> to the circumstance, +that they were long since recognized as the +depositories of Readings which rendered them utterly untrustworthy? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Only by singling out some definite portion of the Gospels, +and attending closely to the handling it has experienced at +the hands of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span>,—to the last four of which it is just +now the fashion to bow down as to an oracular voice from +which there shall be no appeal,—can the student become +aware of the hopelessness of any attempt to construct the Text +of the N. T. out of the materials which those codices exclusively +supply. Let us this time take S. Mark's account of +the healing of <span class="tei tei-q">“the paralytic borne of four”</span> (ch. ii. 1-12),—and +confront their exhibition of it, with that of the commonly +received Text. In the course of those 12 verses, (not reckoning +4 blunders and certain peculiarities of spelling,) +there will be found to be 60 variations of reading,—of which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page031">[pg 031]</span><a name="Pg031" id="Pg031" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +55 are nothing else but depravations of the text, the result +of inattention or licentiousness. Westcott and Hort adopt +23 of these:—(18, in which א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> conspire to vouch for a +reading: 2, where א is unsupported by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>: 2, where +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +is unsupported by א: 1, where <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span> +are supported by +neither א nor <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>). Now, in the present instance, the <span class="tei tei-q">“five +old uncials”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cannot be</span></em> the depositories of a tradition,—whether +Western or Eastern,—because they render inconsistent +testimony <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in every verse</span></em>. It must further be admitted, +(for this is really not a question of opinion, but a plain +matter of fact,) that it is unreasonable to place confidence in +such documents. What would be thought in a Court of Law +of five witnesses, called up 47 times for examination, who +should be observed to bear contradictory testimony <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every time</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the whole of the problem does not by any means lie +on the surface. All that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">appears</span></em> is that the five oldest +uncials are not trustworthy witnesses; which singly, in the +course of 12 verses separate themselves from their fellows +33 times: viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, twice;—א, 5 times;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 6 times;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, thrice;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, +17 times: and which also enter into the 11 following +combinations with one another in opposition to the ordinary +Text:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span>, twice;—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 10 times;—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, once;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, 3 times;—א +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span>, once;—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, 5 times;—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, once;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span>, once;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, once;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>, once;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span>, once. (Note, that +on this last occasion, which is the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> time when they all 5 +agree, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they are certainly all 5 wrong</span></em>.) But this, as was observed +before, lies on the surface. On closer critical inspection, it is +further discovered that their testimony betrays the baseness of +their origin by its intrinsic worthlessness. Thus, in Mk. ii, 1, +the delicate precision of the announcement ἠκούσθη ὅτι ΕἸΣ +ΟἾΚΟΝ ἘΣΤΙ (that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">He has gone in</span></span>”</span>), disappears from א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>:—as +well as (in ver. 2) the circumstance that it became the +signal for many <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">immediately</span></span>”</span> (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) to assemble about the +door.—In ver. 4, S. Mark explains his predecessor's concise +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page032">[pg 032]</span><a name="Pg032" id="Pg032" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +statement that the paralytic was <span class="tei tei-q">“brought to”</span> our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>,<a id="noteref_72" name="noteref_72" href="#note_72"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">72</span></span></a> +by remarking that the thing was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">impossible</span></em>”</span> by the ordinary +method of approach. Accordingly, his account of the expedient +resorted to by the bearers fills one entire verse (ver. 4) +of his Gospel. In the mean time, א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> by exhibiting (in +S. Mark ii. 3,) <span class="tei tei-q">“bringing unto Him one sick of the palsy”</span> +(φέροντες πρὸς αὐτὸν παραλυτικόν,—which is but a senseless +transposition of πρὸς αὐτόν, παραλυτικὸν φέροντες), do their +best to obliterate the exquisite significance of the second +Evangelist's method.—In the next verse, the perplexity of +the bearers, who, because they could not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">come nigh</span></em> Him”</span> +(προσεγγίσαι αὐτῷ), unroofed the house, is lost in א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—whose +προσενέγκαι has been obtained either from Matt. ix. 2, or else +from Luke v. 18, 19 (εἰσενεγκεῖν, εἰσενέγκωσιν). <span class="tei tei-q">“The bed +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">where was</span></span> the paralytic”</span> (τὸν κράββατον ὍΠΟΥ ἮΝ ὁ παραλυτικός), +in imitation of <span class="tei tei-q">“the roof <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">where was</span></span>”</span> Jesus (τὴν +στέγην ὍΠΟΥ ἮΝ [ὁ Ἰησοῦς], which had immediately preceded), +is just one of those tasteless depravations, for which +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and especially <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, are conspicuous among manuscripts.—In +the last verse, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">instantaneous rising</span></em> of the paralytic, +noticed by S. Mark (ἠγέρθη εὐθέως), and insisted upon by +S. Luke (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and immediately he rose up</span></em> before them,”</span>—καὶ +παραχρῆμα ἀναστὰς ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν), is obliterated by +shifting εὐθέως in א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> to a place where εὐθέως is not +wanted, and where its significancy disappears. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Other instances of Assimilation are conspicuous. All must +see that, in ver. 5, καὶ ἰδών (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span>) is derived from Matt. ix. 2 +and Luke v. 20: as well as that <span class="tei tei-q">“Son, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">be of good cheer</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>) is +imported hither from Matt. ix. 2. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">My</span></em> son,”</span> on the other hand +(א), is a mere effort of the imagination. In the same verse, +σου αἱ ἁμαρτίαι (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>) is either from Matt. ix. 5 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sic</span></span>); or +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page033">[pg 033]</span><a name="Pg033" id="Pg033" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +else from ver. 9, lower down in S. Mark's narrative. Λέγοντες, +in ver. 6 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>), is from S. Luke v. 21. Ὕπαγε (א) in ver. 9, and +ὕπαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>), are clearly importations from +ver 11. The strange confusion in ver. 7,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Because this man +thus speaketh, he blasphemeth</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>),—and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why doth this man +thus speak? He blasphemeth</span></em>”</span> (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>),—is due solely to Mtt. ix. 3:—while +the appendix proposed by א as a substitute for <span class="tei tei-q">“We +never saw it on this fashion”</span> (οὐδέποτε οὕτως εἴδομεν), in +ver 12 (viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“It was never so seen in Israel,”</span> οὐδέποτε οὕτως +ἐφάνη ἐν τῷ Ἰσραήλ), has been transplanted hither from +S. Matt. ix. 33. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We shall perhaps be told that, scandalously corrupt as the +text of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span> hereabouts may be, no reason has been shown +as yet for suspecting that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heretical</span></em> depravation ever had +anything to do with such phenomena. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> (we answer) is +only because the writings of the early depravers and fabricators +of Gospels have universally perished. From the +slender relics of their iniquitous performances which have +survived to our time, we are sometimes able to lay our finger +on a foul blot and to say, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">This</span></em> came from Tatian's Diatessaron; +and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> from Marcion's mutilated recension of the +Gospel according to S. Luke.”</span> The piercing of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> +side, transplanted by codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span> from S. John xix. 34 into +S. Matt, xxvii. 49, is an instance of the former,—which it +may reasonably create astonishment to find that Drs. Westcott +and Hort (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone among Editors</span></em>) have nevertheless +admitted into their text, as equally trustworthy with the last +12 verses of S. Mark's Gospel. But it occasions a stronger +sentiment than surprise to discover that this, <span class="tei tei-q">“the gravest +interpolation yet laid to the charge of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,”</span>—this <span class="tei tei-q">“sentence +which neither they nor any other competent scholar can +possibly believe that the Evangelist ever wrote,”</span><a id="noteref_73" name="noteref_73" href="#note_73"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">73</span></span></a>—has been +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page034">[pg 034]</span><a name="Pg034" id="Pg034" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +actually foisted into the margin of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Revised Version</span></span> of +S. Matthew xxvii. 49. Were not the Revisionists aware that +such a disfigurement must prove fatal to their work? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">For +whose</span></em> benefit is the information volunteered that <span class="tei tei-q">“many +ancient authorities”</span> are thus grossly interpolated? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +An instructive specimen of depravation follows, which can +be traced to Marcion's mutilated recension of S. Luke's +Gospel. We venture to entreat the favour of the reader's +sustained attention to the license with which the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> +Prayer as given in S. Luke's Gospel (xi. 2-4), is exhibited by +codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>. For every reason one would have expected +that so precious a formula would have been found enshrined +in the <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> in peculiar safety; handled by copyists +of the IVth, Vth, and VIth centuries with peculiar reverence. +Let us ascertain exactly what has befallen it:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> introduces the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> Prayer by interpolating the +following paraphrase of S. Matt. vi. 7:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Use not vain +repetitions as the rest: for some suppose that they shall be +heard by their much speaking. But when ye pray</span></span>”</span> ... After +which portentous exordium, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א omit the 5 words, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Our</span></span>”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">which art in heaven</span></span>,”</span> Then, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> omits the article (τό) before <span class="tei tei-q">“name:”</span> and supplements +the first petition with the words <span class="tei tei-q">“upon us”</span> (ἐφ᾽ ἡμᾶς). +It must needs also transpose the words <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thy Kingdom</span></span>”</span> (ἡ +βασιλεία σου). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> in turn omits the third petition,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thy will be done, +as in heaven, also on the earth;</span></span>”</span> which 11 words א retains, but +adds <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">so</span></span>”</span> before <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></span>,”</span> and omits the article (τῆς); finding for +once an ally in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> for δίδου write δός (from Matt.). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) א omits the article (τό) before <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">day by day.</span></span>”</span> And, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, instead of the 3 last-named words, writes <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">this day</span></span>”</span> +(from Matt.): substitutes <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">debts</span></span>”</span> (τὰ ὀφειλήματα) for <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sins</span></span>”</span> (τὰ +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page035">[pg 035]</span><a name="Pg035" id="Pg035" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +ἁμαρτήματα,—also from Matt.): and in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for [we] +ourselves</span></span>”</span> (καὶ γὰρ αὐτοί) writes <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">as also we</span></span>”</span> (ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς, +again from Matt.).—But, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">h</span></span>) א shows its sympathy with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> by accepting two-thirds +of this last blunder: exhibiting <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">as also [we] ourselves</span></span>”</span> (ὡς καὶ +αὐτοί). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> consistently reads <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">our debtors</span></span>”</span> (τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν) +in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">every one that is indebted to us</span></span>”</span> (παντὶ ὀφείλοντι +ἡμῖν).—Finally, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">j</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א omit the last petition,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">but deliver us from evil</span></span>”</span> +(ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ)—unsupported by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. +Of lesser discrepancies we decline to take account. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So then, these five <span class="tei tei-q">“first-class authorities”</span> are found to +throw themselves into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six different combinations</span></em> in their +departures from S. Luke's way of exhibiting the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> +Prayer,—which, among them, they contrive to falsify in +respect of no less than 45 words; and yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they are never able +to agree among themselves as to any single various reading:</span></em> +while <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only once</span></em> are more than two of them observed to stand +together,—viz. in the unauthorized omission of the article. +In respect of 32 (out of the 45) words, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they bear in turn solitary +evidence</span></em>. What need to declare that it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly false</span></em> +in every instance? Such however is the infatuation of the +Critics, that the vagaries of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>are all taken for gospel. Besides +omitting the 11 words which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> omits jointly with א, Drs. Westcott +and Hort erase from the Book of Life those other 11 +precious words which are omitted by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> only. And in this +way it comes to pass that the mutilated condition to which +the scalpel of Marcion the heretic reduced the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> Prayer +some 1730 years ago,<a id="noteref_74" name="noteref_74" href="#note_74"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">74</span></span></a> (for the mischief can all be traced back +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page036">[pg 036]</span><a name="Pg036" id="Pg036" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him!</span></em>), is palmed off on the Church of England by the +Revisionists as the work of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>) We may now proceed with our examination of their +work, beginning—as Dr. Roberts (one of the Revisionists) +does, when explaining the method and results of their labours—with +what we hold to be the gravest blot of all, viz. the marks +of serious suspicion which we find set against the last Twelve +verses of S. Mark's Gospel. Well may the learned Presbyterian +anticipate that— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The reader will be struck by the appearance which this long +paragraph presents in the Revised Version. Although inserted, +it is marked off by a considerable space from the rest of the +Gospel. A note is also placed in the margin containing a brief +explanation of this.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_75" name="noteref_75" href="#note_75"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">75</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very</span></em> brief <span class="tei tei-q">“explanation”</span> certainly: for the note <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">explains</span></em> +nothing. Allusion is made to the following words— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The two oldest Greek manuscripts, and some other authorities, +omit from ver. 9 to the end. Some other authorities have +a different ending to the Gospel.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But now,—For the use of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whom</span></em> has this piece of information +been volunteered? Not for learned readers certainly: +it being familiarly known to all, that codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone of +manuscripts</span></em> (to their own effectual condemnation) omit these +12 verses. But then scholars know something more about +the matter. They also know that these 12 verses have been +made the subject of a separate treatise extending to upwards +of 300 pages,—which treatise has now been before the world +for a full decade of years, and for the best of reasons has +never yet been answered. Its object, stated on its title-page, +was to vindicate against recent critical objectors, and to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page037">[pg 037]</span><a name="Pg037" id="Pg037" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +establish <span class="tei tei-q">“the last Twelve Verses”</span> of S. Mark's Gospel.<a id="noteref_76" name="noteref_76" href="#note_76"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">76</span></span></a> +Moreover, competent judges at once admitted that the author +had succeeded in doing what he undertook to do.<a id="noteref_77" name="noteref_77" href="#note_77"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">77</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Can</span></em> it +then be right (we respectfully enquire) still to insinuate into +unlearned minds distrust of twelve consecutive verses of the +everlasting Gospel, which yet have been demonstrated to be +as trustworthy as any other verses which can be named? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The question arises,—But how did it come to pass that +such evil counsels were allowed to prevail in the Jerusalem +Chamber? Light has been thrown on the subject by two +of the New Test. company. And first by the learned Congregationalist, +Dr. Newth, who has been at the pains to +describe the method which was pursued on every occasion. +The practice (he informs us) was as follows. The Bishop of +Gloucester and Bristol, as chairman, asks— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Whether any </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Textual</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> Changes are proposed? The evidence +for and against is briefly stated, and the proposal considered. +The duty of stating this evidence is by tacit consent devolved +upon (</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">sic</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) two members of the Company, who from their previous +studies are specially entitled to speak with authority upon +such questions,—Dr. Scrivener and </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Dr. Hort</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,—and who come +prepared to enumerate particularly the authorities on either +side. Dr. Scrivener opens up the matter by stating the facts of +the case, and by giving his judgment on the bearings of the +evidence. Dr. Hort follows, and mentions any additional +matters that may call for notice; and, if differing from Dr. +Scrivener's estimate of the weight of the evidence, gives his +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page038">[pg 038]</span><a name="Pg038" id="Pg038" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +reasons and states his own view. After discussion, the vote of +the Company is taken, and the proposed Reading accepted or +rejected. </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The Text being thus settled</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, the Chairman asks for +proposals on the Rendering.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_78" name="noteref_78" href="#note_78"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">78</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus, the men who were appointed to improve <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +English Translation</span></em> are exhibited to us remodelling <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +original Greek</span></em>. At a moment's notice, as if by intuition,—by +an act which can only be described as the exercise of +instinct,—these eminent Divines undertake to decide which +shall be deemed the genuine utterances of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>,<a id="noteref_79" name="noteref_79" href="#note_79"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">79</span></span></a>—which +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>. Each is called upon to give his vote, and he +gives it. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The Text being thus settled</span></em>”</span> they proceed to do the +only thing they were originally appointed to do; viz. to try +their hands at improving our Authorized Version. But we +venture respectfully to suggest, that by no such <span class="tei tei-q">“rough and +ready”</span> process is that most delicate and difficult of all critical +problems—the truth of Scripture—to be <span class="tei tei-q">“settled.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Sir Edmund Beckett remarks that if the description above +given <span class="tei tei-q">“of the process by which the Revisionists <span class="tei tei-q">‘settled’</span> the +Greek alterations, is not a kind of joke, it is quite enough to +<span class="tei tei-q">‘settle’</span> this Revised Greek Testament in a very different +sense.”</span><a id="noteref_80" name="noteref_80" href="#note_80"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">80</span></span></a> And so, in truth, it clearly is.—<span class="tei tei-q">“Such a proceeding +appeared to me so strange,”</span> (writes the learned and judicious +Editor of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Speaker's Commentary</span></span>,) <span class="tei tei-q">“that I fully expected +that the account would be corrected, or that some explanation +would be given which might remove the very unpleasant +impression.”</span><a id="noteref_81" name="noteref_81" href="#note_81"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">81</span></span></a> We have since heard on the best authority, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page039">[pg 039]</span><a name="Pg039" id="Pg039" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> namely of Bishop Ellicott himself,<a id="noteref_82" name="noteref_82" href="#note_82"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">82</span></span></a> that Dr. Newth's +account of the method of <span class="tei tei-q">“settling”</span> the text of the N. T., +pursued in the Jerusalem Chamber, is correct. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in fact, it proves to have been, from the very first, +a definite part of the Programme. The chairman of the +Revisionist body, Bishop Ellicott,—when he had <span class="tei tei-q">“to consider +the practical question,”</span>—whether <span class="tei tei-q">“(1), to construct a critical +Text first: or (2), to use preferentially, though not exclusively, +some current Text: or (3), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simply to proceed onward</span></em> with the +work of Revision, whether of Text or Translation, making the +current <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> the standard, and departing from it +only when critical or grammatical considerations show that +it is clearly necessary,—in fact, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">solvere ambulando</span></span>;”</span> announces, +at the end of 19 pages,—<span class="tei tei-q">“We are driven then to the third +alternative.”</span><a id="noteref_83" name="noteref_83" href="#note_83"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">83</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We naturally cast about for some evidence that the +members of the New Testament company possess that mastery +of the subject which alone could justify one of their +number (Dr. Milligan) in asserting roundly that these 12 +verses are <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not from the pen of S. Mark himself</span></em>;”</span><a id="noteref_84" name="noteref_84" href="#note_84"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">84</span></span></a> and another +(Dr. Roberts) in maintaining that <span class="tei tei-q">“the passage is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not the +immediate production of S. Mark</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_85" name="noteref_85" href="#note_85"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">85</span></span></a> Dr. Roberts assures us +that— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Eusebius, Gregory of Nyssa, Victor of Antioch, Severus of +Antioch, Jerome, as well as other writers, especially Greeks, +testify that these verses were not written by S. Mark, or not +found in the best copies.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_86" name="noteref_86" href="#note_86"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">86</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Will the learned writer permit us to assure him in +return that he is entirely mistaken? He is requested to +believe that Gregory of Nyssa says nothing of the sort—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">says +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page040">[pg 040]</span><a name="Pg040" id="Pg040" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +nothing at all</span></em> concerning these verses: that Victor of Antioch +vouches emphatically for their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">genuineness</span></em>: that Severus does +but copy, while Jerome does but translate, a few random +expressions of Eusebius: and that Eusebius himself <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nowhere</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“testifies that these verses were not written by S. Mark.”</span> So +far from it, Eusebius actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quotes the verses</span></em>, quotes them +as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">genuine</span></em>. Dr. Roberts is further assured that there are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“other writers”</span> whether Greek or Latin, who insinuate doubt +concerning these verses. On the contrary, besides <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> the Latin +and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the Syriac—besides the Gothic and the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> Egyptian +versions—there exist four authorities of the IInd century;—as +many of the IIIrd;—five of the Vth;—four of the VIth;—as +many of the VIIth;—together with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least ten</span></em> of the IVth<a id="noteref_87" name="noteref_87" href="#note_87"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">87</span></span></a> +(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contemporaries therefore of codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א);—which actually +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recognize</span></em> the verses in question. Now, when to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known +Manuscript but two</span></em> of bad character, besides <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every ancient +Version, some one-and-thirty Fathers</span></em> have been added, 18 of +whom must have used copies at least as old as either <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or א,—Dr. +Roberts is assured that an amount of external authority +has been accumulated which is simply overwhelming in +discussions of this nature. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the significance of a single feature of the Lectionary, +of which up to this point nothing has been said, is alone +sufficient to determine the controversy. We refer to the fact +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in every part of Eastern Christendom</span></em> these same 12 verses—neither +more nor less—have been from the earliest recorded +period, and still are, a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">proper lesson both for the Easter season +and for Ascension Day</span></em>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page041">[pg 041]</span><a name="Pg041" id="Pg041" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We pass on. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) A more grievous perversion of the truth of Scripture +is scarcely to be found than occurs in the proposed revised +exhibition of S. Luke ii. 14, in the Greek and English alike; +for indeed not only is the proposed Greek text (ἐν ἀνθρώποις +εὐδοκίας) impossible, but the English of the Revisionists +(<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">peace among men in whom he is well pleased</span></span>”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“can be +arrived at”</span> (as one of themselves has justly remarked) <span class="tei tei-q">“only +through some process which would make any phrase bear +almost any meaning the translator might like to put upon +it.”</span><a id="noteref_88" name="noteref_88" href="#note_88"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">88</span></span></a> More than that: the harmony of the exquisite three-part +hymn, which the Angels sang on the night of the +Nativity, becomes hopelessly marred, and its structural symmetry +destroyed, by the welding of the second and third +members of the sentence into one. Singular to relate, the +addition of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a single final letter</span></em> (ς) has done all this mischief. +Quite as singular is it that we should be able at the end +of upwards of 1700 years to discover what occasioned its +calamitous insertion. From the archetypal copy, by the aid +of which the old Latin translation was made, (for the Latin +copies <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> read <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">pax hominibus bonæ voluntatis</span></span>,”</span>) the preposition +ἐν was evidently away,—absorbed apparently by the ἀν +which immediately follows. In order therefore to make a +sentence of some sort out of words which, without ἐν, are +simply unintelligible, εὐδοκία was turned into εὐδοκίας. It +is accordingly a significant circumstance that, whereas there +exists <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> Greek copy of the Gospels which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omits</span></em> the ἐν, there +is scarcely a Latin exhibition of the place to be found which +contains it.<a id="noteref_89" name="noteref_89" href="#note_89"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">89</span></span></a> To return however to the genuine clause,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Good-will +towards men”</span> (ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία). +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page042">[pg 042]</span><a name="Pg042" id="Pg042" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Absolutely decisive of the true reading of the passage—irrespectively +of internal considerations—ought to be the +consideration that it is vouched for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by every known copy</span></em> of +the Gospels of whatever sort, excepting only א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b d</span></span>: the +first and third of which, however, were anciently corrected +and brought into conformity with the Received Text; while +the second (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>) is observed to be so inconstant in its testimony, +that in the primitive <span class="tei tei-q">“Morning-hymn”</span> (given in +another page of the same codex, and containing a quotation +of S. Luke ii. 14), the correct reading of the place is found. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>'s complicity in error is the less important, because of the +ascertained sympathy between that codex and the Latin. +In the meantime the two Syriac Versions are a full set-off +against the Latin copies; while the hostile evidence of the +Gothic (which this time sides with the Latin) is more than +neutralized by the unexpected desertion of the Coptic version +from the opposite camp. The Armenian, Georgian, Æthiopic, +Slavonic and Arabian versions, are besides all with the +Received Text. It therefore comes to this:—We are invited +to make our election between every other copy of the +Gospels,—every known Lectionary,—and (not least of all) +the ascertained ecclesiastical usage of the Eastern Church +from the beginning,—on the one hand: and the testimony of +four Codices without a history or a character, which concur +in upholding a patent mistake, on the other. Will any one +hesitate as to which of these two parties has the stronger +claim on his allegiance? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Could doubt be supposed to be entertained in any quarter, +it must at all events be borne away by the torrent of Patristic +authority which is available on the present occasion:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IInd century,—we have the testimony of (1) +Irenæus.<a id="noteref_90" name="noteref_90" href="#note_90"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">90</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page043">[pg 043]</span><a name="Pg043" id="Pg043" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IIIrd,—that of (2) Origen<a id="noteref_91" name="noteref_91" href="#note_91"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">91</span></span></a> in 3 places,—and of (3) +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolical Constitutions</span></span><a id="noteref_92" name="noteref_92" href="#note_92"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">92</span></span></a> in 2. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IVth,—(4) Eusebius,<a id="noteref_93" name="noteref_93" href="#note_93"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">93</span></span></a>—(5) Aphraates the Persian,<a id="noteref_94" name="noteref_94" href="#note_94"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">94</span></span></a>—(6) +Titus of Bostra,<a id="noteref_95" name="noteref_95" href="#note_95"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">95</span></span></a> each twice;—(7) Didymus<a id="noteref_96" name="noteref_96" href="#note_96"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">96</span></span></a> in 3 +places;—(8) Gregory of Nazianzus,<a id="noteref_97" name="noteref_97" href="#note_97"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">97</span></span></a>—(9) Cyril of Jerusalem,<a id="noteref_98" name="noteref_98" href="#note_98"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">98</span></span></a>—(10) +Epiphanius<a id="noteref_99" name="noteref_99" href="#note_99"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">99</span></span></a> twice;—(11) Gregory of Nyssa<a id="noteref_100" name="noteref_100" href="#note_100"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">100</span></span></a> 4 +times,—(12) Ephraem Syrus,<a id="noteref_101" name="noteref_101" href="#note_101"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">101</span></span></a>—(13) Philo bishop of Carpasus,<a id="noteref_102" name="noteref_102" href="#note_102"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">102</span></span></a>—(14) +Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_103" name="noteref_103" href="#note_103"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">103</span></span></a> in 9 places,—and (15) a nameless +preacher at Antioch,<a id="noteref_104" name="noteref_104" href="#note_104"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">104</span></span></a>—all these, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contemporaries (be +it remembered) of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א, are found to bear concurrent +testimony in favour of the commonly received text. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Vth century,—(16) Cyril of Alexandria,<a id="noteref_105" name="noteref_105" href="#note_105"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">105</span></span></a> on no +less than 14 occasions, vouches for it also;—(17) Theodoret<a id="noteref_106" name="noteref_106" href="#note_106"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">106</span></span></a> +on 4;—(18) Theodotus of Ancyra<a id="noteref_107" name="noteref_107" href="#note_107"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">107</span></span></a> on 5 (once<a id="noteref_108" name="noteref_108" href="#note_108"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">108</span></span></a> in a homily +preached before the Council of Ephesus on Christmas-day, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431);—(19) Proclus<a id="noteref_109" name="noteref_109" href="#note_109"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">109</span></span></a> archbishop of Constantinople;—(20) +Paulus<a id="noteref_110" name="noteref_110" href="#note_110"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">110</span></span></a> bishop of Emesa (in a sermon preached before +Cyril of Alexandria on Christmas-day, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431);—(21) the +Eastern bishops<a id="noteref_111" name="noteref_111" href="#note_111"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">111</span></span></a> at Ephesus collectively, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431 (an +unusually weighty piece of evidence);—and lastly, (22) Basil +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page044">[pg 044]</span><a name="Pg044" id="Pg044" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of Seleucia.<a id="noteref_112" name="noteref_112" href="#note_112"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">112</span></span></a> Now, let it be remarked that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">these were contemporaries +of codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIth century,—the Patristic witnesses are (23) +Cosmas, the voyager,<a id="noteref_113" name="noteref_113" href="#note_113"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">113</span></span></a> 5 times,—(24) Anastasius Sinaita,<a id="noteref_114" name="noteref_114" href="#note_114"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">114</span></span></a>—(25) +Eulogius<a id="noteref_115" name="noteref_115" href="#note_115"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">115</span></span></a> archbishop of Alexandria: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contemporaries, +be it remembered, of codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIIth,—(26) Andreas of Crete<a id="noteref_116" name="noteref_116" href="#note_116"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">116</span></span></a> twice. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And in the VIIIth,—(27) Cosmas<a id="noteref_117" name="noteref_117" href="#note_117"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">117</span></span></a> bishop of Maiuma +near Gaza,—and his pupil (28) John Damascene,<a id="noteref_118" name="noteref_118" href="#note_118"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">118</span></span></a>—and +(29) Germanus<a id="noteref_119" name="noteref_119" href="#note_119"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">119</span></span></a> archbishop of Constantinople. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To these 29 illustrious names are to be added unknown +writers of uncertain date, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> of considerable antiquity; +and some<a id="noteref_120" name="noteref_120" href="#note_120"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">120</span></span></a> are proved by internal evidence to belong to +the IVth or Vth century,—in short, to be of the date of +the Fathers whose names 16 of them severally bear, but +among whose genuine works their productions are probably +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> to be reckoned. One of these was anciently mistaken +for (30) Gregory Thaumaturgus:<a id="noteref_121" name="noteref_121" href="#note_121"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">121</span></span></a> a second, for (31) Methodius:<a id="noteref_122" name="noteref_122" href="#note_122"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">122</span></span></a> +a third, for (32) Basil.<a id="noteref_123" name="noteref_123" href="#note_123"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">123</span></span></a> Three others, with different +degrees of reasonableness, have been supposed to be (33, 34, +35) Athanasius.<a id="noteref_124" name="noteref_124" href="#note_124"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">124</span></span></a> One has passed for (36) Gregory of +Nyssa;<a id="noteref_125" name="noteref_125" href="#note_125"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">125</span></span></a> another for (37) Epiphanius;<a id="noteref_126" name="noteref_126" href="#note_126"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">126</span></span></a> while no less than +eight (38 to 45) have been mistaken for Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_127" name="noteref_127" href="#note_127"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">127</span></span></a> some +of them being certainly his contemporaries. Add (46) one +anonymous Father,<a id="noteref_128" name="noteref_128" href="#note_128"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">128</span></span></a> and (47) the author of the apocryphal +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page045">[pg 045]</span><a name="Pg045" id="Pg045" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Pilati</span></span>,—and it will be perceived that 18 ancient +authorities have been added to the list, every whit as competent +to witness what was the text of S. Luke ii. 14 at the time +when <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> were written, as Basil or Athanasius, Epiphanius +or Chrysostom themselves.<a id="noteref_129" name="noteref_129" href="#note_129"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">129</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">For our present purpose</span></em> +they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Codices</span></em> of the IVth, Vth, and VIth centuries. In +this way then, far more than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forty-seven</span></em> ancient witnesses +have come back to testify to the men of this generation that +the commonly received reading of S. Luke ii. 14 is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the true +reading</span></em>, and that the text which the Revisionists are seeking +to palm off upon us is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a fabrication and a blunder</span></em>. Will +any one be found to maintain that the authority of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +is appreciable, when confronted by the first 15 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contemporary +Ecclesiastical Writers</span></em> above enumerated? or that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> can stand +against the 7 which follow? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This is not all however. Survey the preceding enumeration +geographically, and note that, besides 1 name from +Gaul,—at least 2 stand for Constantinople,—while 5 are +dotted over Asia Minor:—10 at least represent Antioch; and—6, +other parts of Syria:—3 stand for Palestine, and 12 for +other Churches of the East:—at least 5 are Alexandrian,—2 +are men of Cyprus, and—1 is from Crete. If the articulate +voices of so many illustrious Bishops, coming back to us in +this way from every part of ancient Christendom and all +delivering the same unfaltering message,—if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> be not +allowed to be decisive on a point of the kind just now before +us, then pray let us have it explained to us,—What amount +of evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">will</span></em> men accept as final? It is high time that +this were known.... The plain truth is, that a case has +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page046">[pg 046]</span><a name="Pg046" id="Pg046" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +been established against א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b d</span></span> and the Latin version, which +amounts to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">proof</span></em> that those documents, even when they conspire +to yield the self-same evidence, are not to be depended +on as witnesses to the text of Scripture. The history of +the reading advocated by the Revisionists is briefly this:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">It +emerges into notice in the IInd century; and in the Vth, disappears +from sight entirely.</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Enough and to spare has now been offered concerning +the true reading of S. Luke ii. 14. But because we propose +to ourselves that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no uncertainty whatever</span></em> shall remain on +this subject, it will not be wasted labour if at parting we +pour into the ruined citadel just enough of shot and shell to +leave no dark corner standing for the ghost of a respectable +doubt hereafter to hide in. Now, it is confessedly nothing +else but the high estimate which Critics have conceived of +the value of the testimony of the old uncials (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>), +which has occasioned any doubt at all to exist in this behalf. +Let the learned Reader then ascertain for himself the +character of codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span> hereabouts, by collating <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +context in which S. Luke ii. 14 is found</span></em>, viz. the 13 verses +which precede and the one verse (ver. 15) which immediately +follows. If the old uncials are observed all to sing in tune +throughout, hereabouts, well and good: but if on the contrary, +their voices prove utterly discordant, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> sees not that +the last pretence has been taken away for placing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any confidence +at all</span></em> in their testimony concerning the text of +ver. 14, turning as it does on the presence or absence of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +single letter</span></em>?... He will find, as the result of his analysis, +that within the space of those 14 verses, the old uncials are +responsible for 56 <span class="tei tei-q">“various readings”</span> (so-called): singly, for +41; in combination with one another, for 15. So diverse, +however, is the testimony they respectively render, that they +are found severally to differ from the Text of the cursives no +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page047">[pg 047]</span><a name="Pg047" id="Pg047" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +less than 70 times. Among them, besides twice varying the +phrase,—they contrive to omit 19 words:—to add 4:—to +substitute 17:—to alter 10:—to transpose 24.—Lastly, these +five codices are observed (within the same narrow limits) to +fall into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ten</span></em> different combinations: viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, for 5 readings;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b +d</span></span>, for 2;—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span>, א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span>, for 1 each. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> therefore, which stands alone <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twice</span></em>, +is found in combination 4 times;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, which stands alone +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">once</span></em>, is found in combination 4 times;<a id="noteref_130" name="noteref_130" href="#note_130"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">130</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, which stands +alone 5 times, is found in combination 6 times;—א, which +stands alone 11 times, is found in combination 8 times;—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, +which stands alone 22 times, is found in combination 7 +times.... And now,—for the last time we ask the question,—With +what show of reason can the unintelligible εὐδοκίας +(of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b d</span></span>) be upheld as genuine, in defiance of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole +body of Manuscripts</span></em>, uncial and cursive,—the great bulk of +the Versions,—and the mighty array of (upwards of fifty) +Fathers exhibited above? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>) We are at last able to proceed, with a promise that +we shall rarely prove so tedious again. But it is absolutely +necessary to begin by clearing the ground. We may not +go on doubting for ever. The <span class="tei tei-q">“Angelic hymn”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“The +last 12 Verses”</span> of S. Mark's Gospel, are convenient places +for a trial of strength. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">It has now been proved</span></em> that the commonly +received text of S. Luke ii. 14 is the true text,—the +Revisionists' emendation of the place, a palpable mistake. +On behalf of the second Gospel, we claim to have also +established that an important portion of the sacred narrative +has been unjustly branded with a note of ignominy; from +which we solemnly call upon the Revisionists to set the +Evangelist free. The pretence that no harm has been done +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page048">[pg 048]</span><a name="Pg048" id="Pg048" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +him by the mere statement of what is an undeniable fact,—(viz. +that <span class="tei tei-q">“the two oldest Greek manuscripts, and some other +authorities, omit from verse 9 to the end;”</span> and that <span class="tei tei-q">“some +other authorities have a different ending to the Gospel,”</span>)—will +not stand examination. Pin to the shoulder of an +honourable man a hearsay libel on his character, and see +what he will have to say to you! Besides,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why have the +12 verses been further separated off from the rest of the Gospel?</span></em> +This at least is unjustifiable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those who, with Drs. Roberts and Milligan,<a id="noteref_131" name="noteref_131" href="#note_131"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">131</span></span></a> have been +taught to maintain <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that the passage is not the immediate +production of S. Mark</span></em>,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">can hardly be regarded as a part +of the original Gospel</span></em>; but is rather an addition made to +it at a very early age, whether in the lifetime of the +Evangelist or not, it is impossible to say:”</span>—such Critics are +informed that they stultify themselves when they proceed +in the same breath to assure the offended reader that the +passage <span class="tei tei-q">“is nevertheless <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">possessed of full canonical authority</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_132" name="noteref_132" href="#note_132"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">132</span></span></a> +Men who so write show that they do not understand the +question. For if these 12 verses <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“canonical Scripture,”</span>—as +much inspired as the 12 verses which precede them, and +as worthy of undoubting confidence,—then, whether they be +<span class="tei tei-q">“the production of S. Mark,”</span> or of some other, is a purely +irrelevant circumstance. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Authorship</span></em> of the passage, as +every one must see, is not the question. The last 12 verses +of Deuteronomy, for instance, were probably not written by +Moses. Do we therefore separate them off from the rest of +Deuteronomy, and encumber the margin with a note expressive +of our opinion? Our Revisionists, so far from holding +what follows to be <span class="tei tei-q">“canonical Scripture,”</span> are careful to state +that a rival ending to be found elsewhere merits serious +attention. S. Mark xvi. 9-20, therefore (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">according to them</span></em>), +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page049">[pg 049]</span><a name="Pg049" id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not certainly</span></em> a genuine part of the Gospel; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em>, after all, +be nothing else but a spurious accretion to the text. And as +long as such doubts are put forth by our Revisionists, they +publish to the world that, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in their account</span></em> at all events, +these verses are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“possessed of full canonical authority.”</span> +If <span class="tei tei-q">“the two oldest Greek manuscripts”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">justly</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“omit from +verse 9 to the end”</span> (as stated in the margin), will any one +deny that our printed Text ought to omit them also?<a id="noteref_133" name="noteref_133" href="#note_133"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">133</span></span></a> On +the other hand, if the circumstance is a mere literary +curiosity, will any one maintain that it is entitled to +abiding record in the margin of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English Version</span></em> of the +everlasting page?—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">affords any warrant whatever for separating +</span><span class="tei tei-q">“the last Twelve Verses”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> from their context</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) We can probably render ordinary readers no more +effectual service, than by offering now to guide them over +a few select places, concerning the true reading of which +the Revisionists either entertain such serious doubts that +they have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recorded</span></em> their uncertainty in the margin of their +work; or else, entertaining no doubts at all, have deliberately +thrust a new reading into the body of their text, and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, without explanation, apology, or indeed record of any +kind.<a id="noteref_134" name="noteref_134" href="#note_134"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">134</span></span></a> One remark should be premised, viz. that <span class="tei tei-q">“various +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page050">[pg 050]</span><a name="Pg050" id="Pg050" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Readings”</span> as they are (often most unreasonably) called, are +seldom if ever the result of conscious <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fraud</span></em>. An immense +number are to be ascribed to sheer accident. It was through +erroneous judgment, we repeat, not with evil intent, that +men took liberties with the deposit. They imported into +their copies whatever readings they considered highly recommended. +By some of these ancient Critics it seems to have +been thought allowable <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to abbreviate</span></em>, by simply leaving out +whatever did not appear to themselves strictly necessary: +by others, to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transpose</span></em> the words—even the members—of a +sentence, almost to any extent: by others, to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substitute</span></em> easy +expressions for difficult ones. In this way it comes to pass +that we are often presented, and in the oldest documents of +all, with Readings which stand self-condemned; are clearly +fabrications. That it was held allowable to assimilate one +Gospel to another, is quite certain. Add, that as early as +the IInd century there abounded in the Church documents,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Diatessarons”</span> +they were sometimes called,—of which the +avowed object was to weave one continuous and connected +narrative <span class="tei tei-q">“out of the four;”</span>—and we shall find that as many +heads have been provided, as will suffice for the classification +of almost every various reading which we are likely to +encounter in our study of the Gospels. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">To accidental causes</span></span> then we give the foremost place, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page051">[pg 051]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and of these we have already furnished the reader with two +notable and altogether dissimilar specimens. The first (viz. +the omission of S. Mark xvi. 9-20 from certain ancient copies +of the Gospel) seems to have originated in an unique circumstance. +According to the Western order of the four, S. Mark +occupies <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the last</span></em> place. From the earliest period it had been +customary to write τέλος (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">end</span></span>”</span>) after the 8th verse of +his last chapter, in token that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em> a famous ecclesiastical +lection comes to a close. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Let the last leaf of one very ancient +archetypal copy have begun at ver. 9; and let that last leaf +have perished;—and all is plain.</span></em> A faithful copyist will +have ended the Gospel perforce—as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א have done—at +S. Mark xvi. 8.... Our other example (S. Luke ii. 14) +will have resulted from an accident of the most ordinary +description,—as was explained at the outset.—To the foregoing, +a few other specimens of erroneous readings resulting +from Accident shall now be added. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Always instructive, it is sometimes even entertaining +to trace the history of a mistake which, dating from the IInd +or IIIrd century, has remained without a patron all down the +subsequent ages, until at last it has been suddenly taken +up in our own times by an Editor of the sacred Text, and +straightway palmed off upon an unlearned generation as +the genuine work of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>. Thus, whereas the +Church has hitherto supposed that S. Paul's company <span class="tei tei-q">“were +in all in the ship <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two hundred threescore and sixteen souls</span></em>”</span> +(Acts xxvii. 37), Drs. Westcott and Hort (relying on the +authority of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and the Sahidic version) insist that what S. +Luke actually wrote was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">about seventy-six</span></em>.”</span> In other words, +instead of διακόσιαι ἑβδομηκονταέξ, we are invited henceforth +to read ὩΣ ἑβδομηκονταέξ. What can have given rise +to so formidable a discrepancy? Mere accident, we answer. +First, whereas S. Luke certainly wrote ἦμεν δὲ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page052">[pg 052]</span><a name="Pg052" id="Pg052" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαί, his last six words at some very early period +underwent the familiar process of Transposition, and became, +αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ; whereby the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">word</span></em> πλοίῳ and +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">numbers</span></em> διακόσιαι ἑβδομηκονταέξ were brought into +close proximity. (It is thus that Lachmann, Tischendorf, +Tregelles, &c., wrongly exhibit the place.) But since <span class="tei tei-q">“276”</span> +when represented in Greek numerals is ΣΟΣ, the inevitable +consequence was that the words (written in uncials) ran +thus: ΨΥΧΑΙΕΝΤΩΠΛΟΙΩΣΟΣ. Behold, the secret is out! Who +sees not what has happened? There has been no intentional +falsification of the text. There has been no critical disinclination +to believe that <span class="tei tei-q">“a corn-ship, presumably heavily +laden, would contain so many souls,”</span>—as an excellent judge +supposes.<a id="noteref_135" name="noteref_135" href="#note_135"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">135</span></span></a> The discrepancy has been the result of sheer +accident: is the merest blunder. Some IInd-century copyist +connected the last letter of ΠΛΟΙΩ with the next ensuing +numeral, which stands for 200 (viz. Σ); and made an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">independent +word</span></em> of it, viz. ὡς—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“about.”</span> But when Σ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> +200) has been taken away from ΣΟΣ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> 276), 76 is perforce +all that remains. In other words, the result of so +slight a blunder has been that instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two hundred</span></em> and +seventy-six”</span> (ΣΟΣ), some one wrote ὡς ος´—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">about</span></em> +seventy-six.”</span> His blunder would have been diverting had +it been confined to the pages of a codex which is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">full</span></em> of +blunders. When however it is adopted by the latest Editors +of the N. T. (Drs. Westcott and Hort),—and by their influence +has been foisted into the margin of our revised English +Version—it becomes high time that we should reclaim +against such a gratuitous depravation of Scripture. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this ought not to have required explaining: the +blunder is so gross,—its history so patent. But surely, had +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page053">[pg 053]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +its origin been ever so obscure, the most elementary critical +knowledge joined to a little mother-wit ought to convince +a man that the reading ὡς ἑβδομηκονταέξ <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cannot</span></em> be trustworthy. +A reading discoverable only in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and one +Egyptian version (which was evidently executed from codices +of the same corrupt type as codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may always be dismissed +as certainly spurious</span></em>. But further,—Although a man might +of course say <span class="tei tei-q">“about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seventy</span></em>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eighty</span></em>,”</span> (which is how +Epiphanius<a id="noteref_136" name="noteref_136" href="#note_136"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">136</span></span></a> quotes the place,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> sees not that <span class="tei tei-q">“about +seventy-<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six</span></em>”</span> is an impossible expression? Lastly, the two +false witnesses give divergent testimony even while they +seem to be at one: for the Sahidic (or Thebaic) version +arranges the words in an order <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar to itself</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Another corruption of the text, with which it is +proposed henceforth to disfigure our Authorized Version, +(originating like the last in sheer accident,) occurs in Acts +xviii. 7. It is related concerning S. Paul, at Corinth, that +having forsaken the synagogue of the Jews, <span class="tei tei-q">“he entered into +a certain man's house <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">named Justus</span></em>”</span> (ὀνόματι Ἰούστου). +That this is what S. Luke wrote, is to be inferred from the +fact that it is found in almost every known copy of the Acts, +beginning with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a d g h l p</span></span>. Chrysostom—the only ancient +Greek Father who quotes the place—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so</span></em> quotes it. This is, +in consequence, the reading of Lachmann, Tregelles, and +Tischendorf in his 7th edition. But then, the last syllable +of <span class="tei tei-q">“name”</span> (ΟΝΟΜΑΤΙ) and the first three letters of <span class="tei tei-q">“Justus”</span> +(ΙΟΥΣΤΟΥ), in an uncial copy, may easily get mistaken for +an independent word. Indeed it only wants a horizontal +stroke (at the summit of the second Ι in ΤΙΙΟΥ) to produce +<span class="tei tei-q">“Titus”</span> (ΤΙΤΟΥ). In the Syriac and Sahidic versions accordingly, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Titus”</span> actually stands <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in place of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Justus,”</span>—a reading +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page054">[pg 054]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +no longer discoverable in any extant codex. As a matter of +fact, the error resulted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> in the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substitution</span></em> of <span class="tei tei-q">“Titus”</span> for +<span class="tei tei-q">“Justus,”</span> but in the introduction of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> names where +S. Luke wrote but one. א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">e</span></span>, the Vulgate, and the +Coptic version, exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Titus Justus</span></em>.”</span> And that the foregoing +is a true account of the birth and parentage of <span class="tei tei-q">“Titus”</span> +is proved by the tell-tale circumstance, that in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> the letters +ΤΙ and ΙΟΥ are all religiously retained, and a supernumerary +letter (Τ) has been thrust in between,—the result of which +is to give us one more imaginary gentleman, viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Titius</span></em> +Justus;”</span> with whose appearance,—(and he is found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nowhere</span></em> +but in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,)—Tischendorf in his 8th ed., with Westcott +and Hort in theirs, are so captivated, that they actually give +him a place in their text. It was out of compassion (we +presume) for the friendless stranger <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Titus</span></em> Justus”</span> that our +Revisionists have, in preference, promoted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em> to honour: in +which act of humanity they stand alone. Their <span class="tei tei-q">“new Greek +Text”</span> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only one in existence</span></em> in which the imaginary +foreigner has been advanced to citizenship, and assigned <span class="tei tei-q">“a +local habitation and a name.”</span> ... Those must have been +wondrous drowsy days in the Jerusalem Chamber when +such manipulations of the inspired text were possible! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) The two foregoing depravations grew out of the +ancient practice of writing the Scriptures in uncial characters +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> in capital letters), no space being interposed +between the words. Another striking instance is supplied +by S. Matthew xi. 23 and S. Luke x. 15, where however the +error is so transparent that the wonder is how it can ever +have imposed upon any one. What makes the matter +serious is, that it gives a turn to a certain Divine saying, +of which it is incredible that either our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> or His +Evangelists knew anything. We have hitherto believed that +the solemn words ran as follows:—<span class="tei tei-q">“And thou, Capernaum, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page055">[pg 055]</span><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which art exalted (ἡ ... ὑψωθεῖσα) unto heaven, shalt be +brought down (καταβιβασθήσῃ) to hell.”</span> For this, our Revisionists +invite us to substitute, in S. Luke as well as in +S. Matthew,—<span class="tei tei-q">“And thou, Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted +(μὴ ... ὑψωθήσῃ;) unto heaven?”</span> And then, in S. Matthew, +(but not in S. Luke,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“Thou shalt go down (καταβήσῃ) +into Hades.”</span> Now, what can have happened to occasion +such a curious perversion of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> true utterance, and +to cause Him to ask an unmeaning <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">question</span></em> about the future, +when He was clearly announcing a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em>, founded on the +history of the past? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A stupid blunder has been made (we answer), of which +traces survive (as usual) only in the same little handful of +suspicious documents. The final letter of Capernaum (Μ) by +cleaving to the next ensuing letter (Η) has made an independent +word (ΜΗ); which new word necessitates a change +in the construction, and causes the sentence to become interrogative. +And yet, fourteen of the uncial manuscripts and the +whole body of the cursives know nothing of this: neither does +the Peschito—nor the Gothic version: no,—nor Chrysostom,—nor +Cyril,—nor ps.-Cæsarius,—nor Theodoret,—the only +Fathers who quote either place. The sole witnesses for μὴ +... ὑψωθήσῃ in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> Gospels are א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, copies of the old Latin, +Cureton's Syriac, the Coptic, and the Æthiopic versions,—a +consensus of authorities which ought to be held fatal to any +reading. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> joins the conspiracy in Matthew xi. 23, but not +in Luke x. 15: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d l</span></span> consent in Luke, but not in Matthew. +The Vulgate, which sided with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> in S. Matthew, forsakes +them in S. Luke. In writing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> times καταβήσῃ (<span class="tei tei-q">“thou +shalt go down”</span>), codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (forsaken this time by א) is supported +by a single manuscript, viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. But because, in +Matthew xi. 23, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> obtains the sanction of the Latin copies, +καταβήσῃ is actually introduced into the Revised Text, and +we are quietly informed in the margin that <span class="tei tei-q">“Many ancient +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page056">[pg 056]</span><a name="Pg056" id="Pg056" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +authorities read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">be brought down</span></em>:”</span> the truth being (as the reader +has been made aware) that there are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only two manuscripts +in existence which read anything else</span></em>. And (what deserves +attention) those two manuscripts are convicted of having +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">borrowed their quotation from the Septuagint</span></em>,<a id="noteref_137" name="noteref_137" href="#note_137"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">137</span></span></a> and therefore +stand self-condemned.... Were the occupants of the Jerusalem +Chamber all—saving the two who in their published +edition insist on reading (with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) καταβήσῃ in both +places—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> fast asleep when they became consenting parties +to this sad mistake? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +II. It is time to explain that, if the most serious depravations +of Scripture are due to Accident, a vast number are +unmistakably the result of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Design</span></span>, and are very clumsily +executed too. The enumeration of a few of these may prove +instructive: and we shall begin with something which is +found in S. Mark xi. 3. With nothing perhaps will each +several instance so much impress the devout student of +Scripture, as with the exquisite structure of a narrative in +which corrupt readings stand self-revealed and self-condemned, +the instant they are ordered to come to the front and show +themselves. But the point to which we especially invite his +attention is, the sufficiency of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">external evidence</span></em> which +Divine Wisdom is observed to have invariably provided for +the establishment of the truth of His written Word. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) When our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> was about to enter His capital in +lowly triumph, He is observed to have given to <span class="tei tei-q">“two of His +disciples”</span> directions well calculated to suggest the mysterious +nature of the incident which was to follow. They +were commanded to proceed to the entrance of a certain +village,—to unloose a certain colt which they would find +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page057">[pg 057]</span><a name="Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +tied there,—and to bring the creature straightway to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>. +Any obstacle which they might encounter would at once +disappear before the simple announcement that <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> +hath need of him.”</span><a id="noteref_138" name="noteref_138" href="#note_138"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">138</span></span></a> But, singular to relate, this transaction +is found to have struck some third-rate IIIrd-century Critic +as not altogether correct. The good man was evidently of +opinion that the colt,—as soon as the purpose had been +accomplished for which it had been obtained,—ought in +common fairness to have been returned to <span class="tei tei-q">“the owners +thereof.”</span> (S. Luke xix. 33.) Availing himself therefore of +there being no nominative before <span class="tei tei-q">“will send”</span> (in S. Mark +xi. 3), he assumed that it was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of Himself</span></em> that our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> was +still speaking: feigned that the sentence is to be explained +thus:—<span class="tei tei-q">“say ye, <span class="tei tei-q">‘that the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> hath need of him <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and +will straightway send him hither</span></em>.’</span> ”</span> According to this view +of the case, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> instructed His two Disciples to +convey to the owner of the colt an undertaking from Himself +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that He would send the creature back as soon as He had +done with it</span></em>: would treat the colt, in short, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as a loan</span></em>. A +more stupid imagination one has seldom had to deal with. +But in the meantime, by way of clenching the matter, the +Critic proceeded on his own responsibility to thrust into the +text the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">again</span></em>”</span> (πάλιν). The fate of such an unauthorized +accretion might have been confidently predicted. +After skipping about in quest of a fixed resting-place for a +few centuries (see the note at foot<a id="noteref_139" name="noteref_139" href="#note_139"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">139</span></span></a>), πάλιν has shared the +invariable fate of all such spurious adjuncts to the truth of +Scripture, viz.: It has been effectually eliminated from the +copies. Traces of it linger on only in those untrustworthy +witnesses א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d L</span></span> Δ, and about twice as many cursive +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page058">[pg 058]</span><a name="Pg058" id="Pg058" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +copies, also of depraved type. So transparent a fabrication +ought in fact to have been long since forgotten. Yet have +our Revisionists not been afraid to revive it. In S. Mark +xi. 3, they invite us henceforth to read, <span class="tei tei-q">“And if any one say +unto you, Why do ye this? say ye, The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> hath need of +him, and straightway <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He</span></em> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">will send him</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">back</span></span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hither</span></em>.”</span> ... Of what can they have been dreaming? They +cannot pretend that they have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Antiquity</span></em> on their side: for, +besides the whole mass of copies with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> at their head, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> +the Syriac, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> the Latin, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> the Egyptian versions, +the Gothic, the Armenian,—all in fact except the Æthiopic,—are +against them. Even Origen, who twice inserts πάλιν,<a id="noteref_140" name="noteref_140" href="#note_140"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">140</span></span></a> +twice leaves it out.<a id="noteref_141" name="noteref_141" href="#note_141"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">141</span></span></a> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Quid plura?</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) No need to look elsewhere for our next instance. A +novel statement arrests attention five verses lower down: +viz. that <span class="tei tei-q">“Many spread their garments upon the way”</span> [and +why not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em> the way”</span>? εἰς does not mean <span class="tei tei-q">“upon”</span>]; <span class="tei tei-q">“and +others, branches <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which they had cut from the fields</span></em>”</span> (S. Mark +xi. 8). But how in the world could they have done <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>? +They must have been clever people certainly if they <span class="tei tei-q">“cut +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">branches</span></em> from”</span> anything except <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">trees</span></em>. Was it because our +Revisionists felt this, that in the margin they volunteer the +information, that the Greek for <span class="tei tei-q">“branches”</span> is in strictness +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">layers of leaves</span></em>”</span>? But what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“layers of leaves”</span>? and +what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">proof</span></em> is there that στοιβάδες has that meaning? and +how could <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">layers of leaves</span></em>”</span> have been suddenly procured +from such a quarter? We turn to our Authorized Version, +and are refreshed by the familiar and intelligible words: +<span class="tei tei-q">“And others cut down branches off the trees and strawed +them in the way.”</span> Why then has this been changed? In +an ordinary sentence, consisting of 12 words, we find that 2 +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page059">[pg 059]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +words have been substituted for other 2; that 1 has undergone +modification; that 5 have been ejected. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> is all +this? asks the unlearned Reader. He shall be told. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +An instance is furnished us of the perplexity which a +difficult word sometimes occasioned the ancients, as well +as of the serious consequences which have sometimes resulted +therefrom to the text of Scripture itself. S. Matthew, +after narrating that <span class="tei tei-q">“a very great multitude spread their +garments in the way,”</span> adds, <span class="tei tei-q">“others cut branches (κλάδους) +from the trees and strawed them in the way.”</span><a id="noteref_142" name="noteref_142" href="#note_142"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">142</span></span></a> But would +not branches of any considerable size have impeded progress, +inconveniently encumbering the road? No doubt they +would. Accordingly, as S. Mark (with S. Matthew's Gospel +before him) is careful to explain, they were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“branches +of any considerable size,”</span> but <span class="tei tei-q">“leafy twigs”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">foliage</span></em>,”</span> in fact +it was—<span class="tei tei-q">“cut from the trees and strawed in the way.”</span> The +word, however, which he employs (στοιβάδας) is an unique +word—very like another of similar sound (στιβάδας), yet +distinct from it in sense, if not in origin. Unfortunately, +all this was not understood in a highly uncritical and most +licentious age. With the best intentions, (for the good man +was only seeking to reconcile two inconvenient parallel +statements,) some Revisionist of the IInd century, having +convinced himself that the latter word (στιβάδας) might with +advantage take the place of S. Mark's word (στοιβάδας), +substituted this for that. In consequence, it survives to this +day in nine uncial copies headed by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. But then, στιβάς +does not mean <span class="tei tei-q">“a branch”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at all</span></em>; no, nor a <span class="tei tei-q">“layer of leaves”</span> +either; but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a pallet</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a floor-bed</span></em>, in fact, of the humblest +type, constructed of grass, rushes, straw, brushwood, leaves, +or any similar substance. On the other hand, because such +materials are not obtainable <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from trees</span></em> exactly, the ancient +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page060">[pg 060]</span><a name="Pg060" id="Pg060" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Critic judged it expedient further to change δένδρων into +ἀγρῶν (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fields</span></em>”</span>). Even this was not altogether satisfactory. +Στιβάς, as explained already, in strictness means a <span class="tei tei-q">“bed.”</span> +Only by a certain amount of license can it be supposed to +denote the materials of which a bed is composed; whereas +the Evangelist speaks of something <span class="tei tei-q">“strawn.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The self-same +copies</span></em>, therefore, which exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fields</span></em>”</span> (in lieu of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">trees</span></em>”</span>), +by introducing a slight change in the construction (κόψαντες +for ἔκοπτον), and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitting</span></em> the words <span class="tei tei-q">“and strawed them in +the way,”</span> are observed—after a summary fashion of their own, +(with which, however, readers of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> are only too familiar)—to +dispose of this difficulty by putting it nearly out +of sight. The only result of all this misplaced officiousness +is a miserable travestie of the sacred words:—ἄλλοι δὲ στιβάδας, +κόψαντες ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν: 7 words in place of 12! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the calamitous circumstance is that the Critics have all +to a man fallen into the trap. True, that Origen (who once +writes στοιβάδας and once στιβάδας), as well as the two +Egyptian versions, side with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span> Δ in reading ἐκ τῶν +ἀγρῶν: but then <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both versions</span></em> (with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decline to alter the +construction</span></em> of the sentence; and (with Origen) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decline to +omit the clause</span></em> ἐστρώννυον εἰς τὴν ὁδόν: while, against this +little band of disunited witnesses, are marshalled all the +remaining fourteen uncials, headed by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a d</span></span>—the Peschito and +the Philoxenian Syriac; the Italic, the Vulgate, the Gothic, +the Armenian, the Georgian, and the Æthiopic as well as the +Slavonic versions, besides the whole body of the cursives. +Whether therefore Antiquity, Variety, Respectability of witnesses, +numbers, or the reason of the thing be appealed to, +the case of our opponents breaks hopelessly down. Does +any one seriously suppose that, if S. Mark had written the +common word στΙβάδας, so vast a majority of the copies at +this day would exhibit the improbable στΟΙβάδας? Had the +same S. Mark expressed nothing else but ΚΌΨΑΝΤΕΣ ἐκ τῶν +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page061">[pg 061]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +ἈΓΡΩ´Ν, will any one persuade us that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every copy in existence +but five</span></em> would present us with ἜΚΟΠΤΟΝ ἐκ τῶν ΔΈΝΔΡΩΝ, +καὶ ἘΣΤΡΏΝΝΥΟΝ ἘΙΣ ΤῊΝ ὉΔΌΝ? And let us not be told that +there has been Assimilation here. There has been none. +S. Matthew (xxi. 8) writes ἈΠῸ τῶν δένδρον ... ἘΝ τῇ ὡδῷ: +S. Mark (xi. 8), ἘΚ τῶν δένδρων ... ἘΙΣ τὴν ὁδόν. The +types are distinct, and have been faithfully retained all +down the ages. The common reading is certainly correct. +The Critics are certainly in error. And we exclaim (surely +not without good reason) against the hardship of thus having +an exploded corruption of the text of Scripture furbished up +afresh and thrust upon us, after lying deservedly forgotten +for upwards of a thousand years. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Take a yet grosser specimen, which has nevertheless +imposed just as completely upon our Revisionists. It is +found in S. Luke's Gospel (xxiii. 45), and belongs to the +history of the Crucifixion. All are aware that as, at the +typical redemption out of Egypt, there had been a preternatural +darkness over the land for three days,<a id="noteref_143" name="noteref_143" href="#note_143"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">143</span></span></a> so, preliminary +to the actual Exodus of <span class="tei tei-q">“the Israel of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“there +was darkness over all the land”</span> for three hours.<a id="noteref_144" name="noteref_144" href="#note_144"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">144</span></span></a> S. Luke +adds the further statement,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And the sun was darkened</span></em>”</span> +(καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος). Now the proof that this is what +S. Luke actually wrote, is the most obvious and conclusive +possible. Ἐσκοτίσθη is found in all the most ancient documents. +Marcion<a id="noteref_145" name="noteref_145" href="#note_145"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">145</span></span></a> (whose date is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 130-50) so exhibits +the place:—besides the old Latin<a id="noteref_146" name="noteref_146" href="#note_146"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">146</span></span></a> and the Vulgate:—the +Peschito, Cureton's, and the Philoxenian Syriac versions:—the +Armenian,—the Æthiopic,—the Georgian,—and the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page062">[pg 062]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Slavonic.—Hippolytus<a id="noteref_147" name="noteref_147" href="#note_147"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">147</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190-227),—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_148" name="noteref_148" href="#note_148"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">148</span></span></a>—Ephraem +Syr.,<a id="noteref_149" name="noteref_149" href="#note_149"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">149</span></span></a>—Theodore Mops.,<a id="noteref_150" name="noteref_150" href="#note_150"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">150</span></span></a>—Nilus +the monk,<a id="noteref_151" name="noteref_151" href="#note_151"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">151</span></span></a>—Severianus, (in a homily preserved in Armenian, +p. 439,)—Cyril of Alexandria,<a id="noteref_152" name="noteref_152" href="#note_152"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">152</span></span></a>—the apocryphal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of +Nicodemus</span></span>—and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anaphora Pilati</span></span>,<a id="noteref_153" name="noteref_153" href="#note_153"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">153</span></span></a>—are all witnesses +to the same effect. Add the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Pilati</span></span><a id="noteref_154" name="noteref_154" href="#note_154"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">154</span></span></a>—and the Syriac +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acts of the Apostles</span></span>.<a id="noteref_155" name="noteref_155" href="#note_155"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">155</span></span></a>—Let it suffice of the Latins to quote +Tertullian.<a id="noteref_156" name="noteref_156" href="#note_156"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">156</span></span></a>—But the most striking evidence is the consentient +testimony of the manuscripts, viz. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the uncials</span></em> but +3 and-a-half, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known Evangelium</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That the darkness spoken of was a divine portent—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> an +eclipse of the sun, but an incident wholly out of the course +of nature—the ancients clearly recognize. Origen,<a id="noteref_157" name="noteref_157" href="#note_157"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">157</span></span></a>—Julius +Africanus<a id="noteref_158" name="noteref_158" href="#note_158"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">158</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 220),—Macarius Magnes<a id="noteref_159" name="noteref_159" href="#note_159"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">159</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 330),—are +even eloquent on the subject. Chrysostom's evidence is unequivocal.<a id="noteref_160" name="noteref_160" href="#note_160"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">160</span></span></a> +It is, nevertheless, well known that this place of +S. Luke's Gospel was tampered with from a very early period; +and that Origen<a id="noteref_161" name="noteref_161" href="#note_161"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">161</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 186-253), and perhaps Eusebius,<a id="noteref_162" name="noteref_162" href="#note_162"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">162</span></span></a> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page063">[pg 063]</span><a name="Pg063" id="Pg063" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +employed copies which had been depraved. In some copies, +writes Origen, instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“and the sun was darkened”</span> (καὶ +ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος), is found <span class="tei tei-q">“the sun having become eclipsed”</span> +(τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλιπόντος). He points out with truth that the +thing spoken of is a physical impossibility, and delivers it as +his opinion that the corruption of the text was due either to +some friendly hand in order to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">account for</span></em> the darkness; or +else, (which he,<a id="noteref_163" name="noteref_163" href="#note_163"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">163</span></span></a> and Jerome<a id="noteref_164" name="noteref_164" href="#note_164"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">164</span></span></a> after him, thought more +likely,) to the enemies of Revelation, who sought in this way +to provide themselves with a pretext for cavil. Either way, +Origen and Jerome elaborately assert that ἐσκοτίσθη is the +only true reading of S. Luke xxiii. 45. Will it be believed +that this gross fabrication—for no other reason but because +it is found in א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>, +and probably once existed in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><a id="noteref_165" name="noteref_165" href="#note_165"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">165</span></span></a>—has +been resuscitated in 1881, and foisted into the sacred Text +by our Revisionists? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It would be interesting to have this proceeding of theirs +explained. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> should the truth dwell exclusively<a id="noteref_166" name="noteref_166" href="#note_166"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">166</span></span></a> with +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>? It cannot be pretended that between the IVth and Vth +centuries, when the copies א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> were made, and the Vth and +VIth centuries, when the copies <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a q d r</span></span> were executed, this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page064">[pg 064]</span><a name="Pg064" id="Pg064" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +corruption of the text arose: for (as was explained at the +outset) the reading in question (καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος) is found +in all the oldest and most famous documents. Our Revisionists +cannot take their stand on <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiquity,”</span>—for as we +have seen, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the Versions</span></em> (with the single exception of the +Coptic<a id="noteref_167" name="noteref_167" href="#note_167"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">167</span></span></a>),—and the oldest Church writers, (Marcion, Origen, +Julius Africanus, Hippolytus, Athanasius, Gregory Naz., +Ephraem, &c.,) are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> against them.—They cannot advance +the claim of <span class="tei tei-q">“clearly preponderating evidence;”</span> for they have +but a single Version,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> a single Father,—and but three-and-a-half +Evangelia to appeal to, out of perhaps three +hundred and fifty times that number.—They cannot pretend +that essential probability is in favour of the reading of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>; +seeing that the thing stated is astronomically impossible.—They +will not tell us that critical opinion is with them: for +their judgment is opposed to that of every Critic ancient and +modern, except Tischendorf since his discovery of codex א.—Of +what nature then will be their proof?... <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Nothing</span></em> +results from the discovery that א reads τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλιπόντος, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> ἐκλείποντος,—except that those two codices are of the same +corrupt type as those which Origen deliberately condemned +1650 years ago. In the meantime, with more of ingenuity +than of ingenuousness, our Revisionists attempt to conceal +the foolishness of the text of their choice by translating it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page065">[pg 065]</span><a name="Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +unfairly. They present us with, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the sun's light failing</span></em>.”</span> But +this is a gloss of their own. There is no mention of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +sun's <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">light</span></em>”</span> in the Greek. Nor perhaps, if the rationale of +the original expression were accurately ascertained, would +such a paraphrase of it prove correct<a id="noteref_168" name="noteref_168" href="#note_168"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">168</span></span></a>. But, in fact, the +phrase ἔκλειψις ἡλίου means <span class="tei tei-q">“an eclipse of the sun”</span> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no +other thing</span></em>. In like manner, τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλείποντος<a id="noteref_169" name="noteref_169" href="#note_169"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">169</span></span></a> (as our +Revisionists are perfectly well aware) means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the sun becoming +eclipsed</span></em>,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">suffering eclipse</span></em>.”</span> It is easy for Revisionists +to <span class="tei tei-q">“emphatically deny that there is anything in the Greek +word ἐκλείπειν, when associated with the sun, which involves +necessarily the notion of an eclipse.”</span><a id="noteref_170" name="noteref_170" href="#note_170"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">170</span></span></a> The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em> referred to +may not be so disposed of. It lies outside the province of +<span class="tei tei-q">“emphatic denial.”</span> Let them ask any Scholar in Europe what +τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλιπόντος means; and see if he does not tell +them that it can <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> mean, <span class="tei tei-q">“the sun <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">having become eclipsed</span></em>”</span>! +They know this every bit as well as their Reviewer. And +they ought either to have had the manliness to render the +words faithfully, or else the good sense to let the Greek +alone,—which they are respectfully assured was their only +proper course. Καί ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος is, in fact, clearly +above suspicion. Τοῦ ἡλίου ἐκλείποντος, which these learned +men (with the best intentions) have put in its place, is, to +speak plainly, a transparent fabrication. That it enjoys +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clearly preponderating evidence</span></em>,”</span> is what no person, fair or +unfair, will for an instant venture to pretend. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +III. Next, let us produce an instance of depravation of +Scripture resulting from the practice of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Assimilation</span></span>, which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page066">[pg 066]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +prevailed anciently to an extent which baffles arithmetic. +We choose the most famous instance that presents itself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) It occurs in S. Mark vi. 20, and is more than unsuspected. +The substitution (on the authority of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> and +the Coptic) of ἠπόρει for ἐποίει in that verse, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> the statement +that Herod <span class="tei tei-q">“was much <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perplexed</span></em>,”</span>—instead of Herod +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did</span></em> many things,”</span>) is even vaunted by the Critics as the +recovery of the true reading of the place—long obscured by +the <span class="tei tei-q">“very singular expression”</span> ἐποίει. To ourselves the only +<span class="tei tei-q">“very singular”</span> thing is, how men of first-rate ability can +fail to see that, on the contrary, the proposed substitute is +simply fatal to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit's</span></span> teaching in this place. <span class="tei tei-q">“Common +sense is staggered by such a rendering,”</span> (remarks the learned +Bishop of Lincoln). <span class="tei tei-q">“People are not wont to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hear gladly</span></em> +those by whom they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">much perplexed</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_171" name="noteref_171" href="#note_171"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">171</span></span></a> But in fact, the +sacred writer's object clearly is, to record the striking circumstance +that Herod was so moved by the discourses of +John, (whom he used to <span class="tei tei-q">“listen to with pleasure,”</span>) that he +even <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did many things</span></em>”</span> (πολλὰ ἐποίει) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in conformity with +the Baptist's teaching</span></em>.<a id="noteref_172" name="noteref_172" href="#note_172"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">172</span></span></a>... And yet, if this be so, how (we +shall be asked) has <span class="tei tei-q">“he was much perplexed”</span> (πολλὰ ἠπόρει) +contrived to effect a lodgment in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so many as three</span></em> copies of +the second Gospel? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It has resulted from nothing else, we reply, but the determination +to assimilate a statement of S. Mark (vi. 20) concerning +Herod and John the Baptist, with another and a distinct +statement of S. Luke (ix. 7), having reference to Herod +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page067">[pg 067]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>. S. Luke, speaking of the fame of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> miracles at a period subsequent to the Baptist's +murder, declares that when Herod <span class="tei tei-q">“heard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all things that were +done</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">by Him</span></span>”</span> (ἤκουσε τὰ γινόμενα ὑπ᾽ αὐτοῦ πάντα), <span class="tei tei-q">“he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was +much perplexed</span></em>”</span> (διηπόρει).—Statements so entirely distinct +and diverse from one another as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> of S. Luke, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> +(given above) of S. Mark, might surely (one would think) +have been let alone. On the contrary. A glance at the +foot of the page will show that in the IInd century S. Mark's +words were solicited in all sorts of ways. A persistent determination +existed to make him say that Herod having <span class="tei tei-q">“heard +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">many things which </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Baptist</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> did</span></em>,”</span> &c.<a id="noteref_173" name="noteref_173" href="#note_173"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">173</span></span></a>—a strange perversion +of the Evangelist's meaning, truly, and only to be +accounted for in one way.<a id="noteref_174" name="noteref_174" href="#note_174"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">174</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page068">[pg 068]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Had this been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em>, however, the matter would have +attracted no attention. One such fabrication more or less +in the Latin version, which abounds in fabricated readings, +is of little moment. But then, the Greek scribes had recourse +to a more subtle device for assimilating Mark vi. 20 to Luke +ix. 7. They perceived that S. Mark's ἐποίει might be almost +identified with S. Luke's διηπόρει, by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">merely changing two of +the letters</span></em>, viz. by substituting η for ε and ρ for ι. From this, +there results in S. Mk. vi. 20: <span class="tei tei-q">“and having heard many things +of him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he was perplexed</span></em>;”</span> which is very nearly identical +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page069">[pg 069]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +with what is found in S. Lu. ix. 7. This fatal substitution (of +ἠπόρει for ἐποίει) survives happily only in codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> and +the Coptic version—all of bad character. But (calamitous to +relate) the Critics, having disinterred this long-since-forgotten +fabrication, are making vigorous efforts to galvanize it, at the +end of fifteen centuries, into ghastly life and activity. We +venture to assure them that they will not succeed. Herod's +<span class="tei tei-q">“perplexity”</span> did not begin until John had been beheaded, +and the fame reached Herod of the miracles which our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> wrought. The apocryphal statement, now for the +first time thrust into an English copy of the New Testament, +may be summarily dismissed. But the marvel will for ever +remain that a company of distinguished Scholars (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1881) +could so effectually persuade themselves that ἐποίει (in +S. Mark vi. 20) is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>,”</span> and that there is +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decidedly preponderating evidence</span></em>”</span> in favour of ἠπόρει,—as to +venture to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substitute the latter word for the former</span></em>. This +will for ever remain a marvel, we say; seeing that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the +uncials</span></em> except three of bad character, together with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +known cursive without exception</span></em>;—the old Latin and the +Vulgate, the Peschito and the Philoxenian Syriac, the Armenian, +Æthiopic, Slavonian and Georgian versions,—are with +the traditional Text. (The Thebaic, the Gothic, and Cureton's +Syriac are defective here. The ancient Fathers are silent.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +IV. More serious in its consequences, however, than any +other source of mischief which can be named, is the process +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mutilation</span></span>, to which, from the beginning, the Text of +Scripture has been subjected. By the <span class="tei tei-q">“Mutilation”</span> of Scripture +we do but mean the intentional Omission—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from whatever +cause proceeding</span></em>—of genuine portions. And the causes of it +have been numerous as well as diverse. Often, indeed, +there seems to have been at work nothing else but a +strange passion for getting rid of whatever portions of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page070">[pg 070]</span><a name="Pg070" id="Pg070" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +inspired Text have seemed to anybody superfluous,—or at +all events have appeared capable of being removed without +manifest injury to the sense. But the estimate of the +tasteless IInd-century Critic will never be that of the well-informed +Reader, furnished with the ordinary instincts of +piety and reverence. This barbarous mutilation of the +Gospel, by the unceremonious excision of a multitude of +little words, is often attended by no worse consequence than +that thereby an extraordinary baldness is imparted to the +Evangelical narrative. The removal of so many of the +coupling-hooks is apt to cause the curtains of the Tabernacle +to hang wondrous ungracefully; but often <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> is all. Sometimes, +however, (as might have been confidently anticipated,) +the result is calamitous in a high degree. Not only is the +beauty of the narrative effectually marred, (as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> by the +barbarous excision of καί—εὐθέως—μετὰ δακρύων—Κύριε, +from S. Mark ix. 24):<a id="noteref_175" name="noteref_175" href="#note_175"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">175</span></span></a>—the doctrinal teaching of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> discourses in countless places, damaged, (as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> +by the omission of καὶ νηστείᾳ from verse 29):—absurd expressions +attributed to the Holy One which He certainly +never uttered, (as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> by truncating of its last word the +phrase τό, Εἰ δύνασαι πιστεῦσαι in verse 23):—but (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">i.</span></span>) The +narrative is often rendered in a manner unintelligible; or +else (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">ii.</span></span>), The entire point of a precious incident is made to +disappear from sight; or else (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iii.</span></span>), An imaginary incident +is fabricated: or lastly (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iv.</span></span>), Some precious saying of our +Divine <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> is turned into absolute nonsense. Take a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page071">[pg 071]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +single short example of what has last been offered, from each +of the Gospels in turn. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">i.</span></span>) In S. Matthew xiv. 30, we are invited henceforth to +submit to the information concerning Simon Peter, that +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">when he saw the wind</span></em>, he was afraid.”</span> The sight must have +been peculiar, certainly. So, indeed, is the expression. But +Simon Peter was as unconscious of the one as S. Matthew of +the other. Such curiosities are the peculiar property of +codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>—the Coptic version—and the Revisionists. The +predicate of the proposition (viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that it was strong</span></em>,”</span> contained +in the single word ἰσχυρόν) has been wantonly excised. +That is all!—although Dr. Hort succeeded in persuading his +colleagues to the contrary. A more solemn—a far sadder +instance, awaits us in the next Gospel. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">ii.</span></span>) The first three Evangelists are careful to note <span class="tei tei-q">“the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">loud</span></em> cry”</span> with which the Redeemer of the World expired. +But it was reserved for S. Mark (as Chrysostom pointed out +long since) to record (xv. 39) the memorable circumstance +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this particular portent</span></em> it was, which wrought conviction +in the soul of the Roman soldier whose office it was to be +present on that terrible occasion. The man had often witnessed +death by Crucifixion, and must have been well +acquainted with its ordinary phenomena. Never before had +he witnessed anything like this. He was stationed where he +could see and hear all that happened: <span class="tei tei-q">“standing”</span> (S. Mark +says) <span class="tei tei-q">“near”</span> our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">over against Him</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Now, when +the Centurion saw that it was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">after so crying out</span></em> (κράξας), +that He expired”</span> (xv. 39) he uttered the memorable words, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Truly this man <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></em> the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son of God</span></span>!”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“What chiefly +moved him to make that confession of his faith was that our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> evidently died <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with power</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_176" name="noteref_176" href="#note_176"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">176</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“The miracle”</span> (says +Bp. Pearson) <span class="tei tei-q">“was not in the death, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the voice</span></em>. The +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page072">[pg 072]</span><a name="Pg072" id="Pg072" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +strangeness was not that He should die, but that at the point +of death He should <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cry out so loud</span></em>. He died not by, but +with a Miracle.”</span><a id="noteref_177" name="noteref_177" href="#note_177"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">177</span></span></a> ... All this however is lost in א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>, which +literally <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stand alone</span></em><a id="noteref_178" name="noteref_178" href="#note_178"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">178</span></span></a> in leaving out the central and only +important word, κράξας. Calamitous to relate, they are followed +herein by our Revisionists: who (misled by Dr. Hort) +invite us henceforth to read,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Now when the Centurion saw +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that He so gave up the ghost</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iii.</span></span>) In S. Luke xxiii. 42, by leaving out two little words +(τω and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">κε</span></span>), the same blind guides, under the same blind +guidance, effectually misrepresent the record concerning the +repentant malefactor. Henceforth they would have us believe +that <span class="tei tei-q">“he said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>, remember me when thou comest +in thy Kingdom.’</span> ”</span> (Dr. Hort was fortunately unable to persuade +the Revisionists to follow him in further substituting +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into</span></em> thy kingdom”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em> thy kingdom;”</span> and so converting +what, in the A. V., is nothing worse than a palpable mistranslation,<a id="noteref_179" name="noteref_179" href="#note_179"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">179</span></span></a> +into what would have been an indelible blot. +The record of his discomfiture survives in the margin). +Whereas none of the Churches of Christendom have ever yet +doubted that S. Luke's record is, that the dying man <span class="tei tei-q">“said +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span></em>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, remember me,”</span> &c. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iv.</span></span>) In S. John xiv. 4, by eliminating the second καί and +the second οἴδατε, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> is now made to say, <span class="tei tei-q">“And +whither I go, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ye know the way</span></em>;”</span> which is really almost nonsense. +What He actually said was, <span class="tei tei-q">“And whither I go ye +know, and the way ye know;”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in consequence of which</span></em> (as we +all remember) <span class="tei tei-q">“Thomas saith unto Him, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, we know +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page073">[pg 073]</span><a name="Pg073" id="Pg073" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +not <span class="tei tei-q">‘whither’</span> Thou goest, and how can we know <span class="tei tei-q">‘the +way’</span>?”</span> ... Let these four samples suffice of a style of depravation +with which, at the end of 1800 years, it is deliberately +proposed to disfigure every page of the everlasting Gospel; +and for which, were it tolerated, the Church would have +to thank no one so much as Drs. Westcott and Hort. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We cannot afford, however, so to dismiss the phenomena +already opened up to the Reader's notice. For indeed, this +astonishing taste for mutilating and maiming the Sacred +Deposit, is perhaps the strangest phenomenon in the history +of Textual Criticism. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is in this way that a famous expression in S. Luke vi. 1 +has disappeared from codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>. The reader may not be +displeased to listen to an anecdote which has hitherto escaped +the vigilance of the Critics:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I once asked my teacher, Gregory of Nazianzus,”</span>—(the +words are Jerome's in a letter to Nepotianus),—<span class="tei tei-q">“to explain to +me the meaning of S. Luke's expression σάββατον δευτερόπρωτον, +literally the <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">second-first</span></em> sabbath.’</span> <span class="tei tei-q">‘I will tell you +all about it in church,’</span> he replied. <span class="tei tei-q">‘The congregation +shall shout applause, and you shall have your choice,—either +to stand silent and look like a fool, or else to pretend you +understand what you do not.’</span> ”</span> But <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">eleganter lusit</span></span>,”</span> says +Jerome<a id="noteref_180" name="noteref_180" href="#note_180"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">180</span></span></a>. The point of the joke was this: Gregory, being +a great rhetorician and orator, would have descanted so +elegantly on the signification of the word δευτερόπρωτον that +the congregation would have been borne away by his mellifluous +periods, quite regardless of the sense. In other words, +Gregory of Nazianzus [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 360] is found to have no more +understood the word than Jerome did [370]. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ambrose<a id="noteref_181" name="noteref_181" href="#note_181"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">181</span></span></a> of Milan [370] attempts to explain the difficult +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page074">[pg 074]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +expression, but with indifferent success. Epiphanius<a id="noteref_182" name="noteref_182" href="#note_182"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">182</span></span></a> of +Cyprus [370] does the same;—and so, Isidorus<a id="noteref_183" name="noteref_183" href="#note_183"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">183</span></span></a> [400] called +<span class="tei tei-q">“Pelusiota”</span> after the place of his residence in Lower Egypt.—Ps.-Cæsarius<a id="noteref_184" name="noteref_184" href="#note_184"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">184</span></span></a> +also volunteers remarks on the word [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400?].—It +is further explained in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paschal Chronicle</span></span>,<a id="noteref_185" name="noteref_185" href="#note_185"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">185</span></span></a>—and by +Chrysostom<a id="noteref_186" name="noteref_186" href="#note_186"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">186</span></span></a> [370] at Antioch.—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Sabbatum secundo-primum</span></span>”</span> is +found in the old Latin, and is retained by the Vulgate. Earlier +evidence on the subject does not exist. We venture to assume +that a word so attested must at least be entitled to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its place in +the Gospel</span></em>. Such a body of first-rate positive IVth-century +testimony, coming from every part of ancient Christendom, +added to the significant fact that δευτερόπρωτον is found in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every codex extant</span></em> except א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>, and half a dozen cursives of +suspicious character, ought surely to be regarded as decisive. +That an unintelligible word should have got <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em> from a +few copies, requires no explanation. Every one who has +attended to the matter is aware that the negative evidence of +certain of the Versions also is of little weight on such occasions +as the present. They are observed constantly to leave +out what they either failed quite to understand, or else +found untranslateable. On the other hand, it would be inexplicable +indeed, that an unique expression like the present +should have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">established itself universally</span></em>, if it were actually +spurious. This is precisely an occasion for calling to mind +the precept <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">proclivi scriptioni præstat ardua</span></span>. Apart from +external evidence, it is a thousand times more likely that +such a peculiar word as this should be genuine, than the reverse. +Tischendorf accordingly retains it, moved by this very +consideration.<a id="noteref_187" name="noteref_187" href="#note_187"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">187</span></span></a> It got excised, however, here and there from +manuscripts at a very early date. And, incredible as it may +appear, it is a fact, that in consequence of its absence from +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page075">[pg 075]</span><a name="Pg075" id="Pg075" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the mutilated codices above referred to, S. Luke's famous +<span class="tei tei-q">“second-first Sabbath”</span> has been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thrust out of his Gospel by our +Revisionists</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But indeed, Mutilation has been practised throughout. +By codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (collated with the traditional Text), no less than +2877 words have been excised from the four Gospels alone: +by codex א,—3455 words: by codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,—3704 words.<a id="noteref_188" name="noteref_188" href="#note_188"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">188</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As interesting a set of instances of this, as are to be +anywhere met with, occurs within the compass of the last +three chapters of S. Luke's Gospel, from which about 200 +words have been either forcibly ejected by our Revisionists, +or else served with <span class="tei tei-q">“notice to quit.”</span> We proceed to specify +the chief of these:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) S. Luke xxii. 19, 20. (Account of the Institution of +the Sacrament of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> Supper,—from <span class="tei tei-q">“which is given +for you”</span> to the end,—32 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 43, 44. (Our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> Agony in the garden,—26 +words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) xxiii. 17. (The custom of releasing one at the Passover,—8 +words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 34. (Our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> prayer on behalf of His murderers,—12 +words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 38. (The record that the title on the Cross was +written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew,—7 words.) +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page076">[pg 076]</span><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) xxiv. 1. (<span class="tei tei-q">“and certain with them,”</span>—4 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 3. (<span class="tei tei-q">“of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus</span></span>,”</span>—3 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(8) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 6. (<span class="tei tei-q">“He is not here, but He is risen,”</span>—5 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(9) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 9. (<span class="tei tei-q">“from the sepulchre,”</span>—3 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(10) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 12. (The mention of S. Peter's visit to the +sepulchre,—22 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(11) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 36. (<span class="tei tei-q">“and saith unto them, Peace be unto you!”</span>—5 +words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(12) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 40. (<span class="tei tei-q">“and when He had thus spoken, He showed +them His hands and His feet,”</span>—10 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(13) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 42. (<span class="tei tei-q">“and of an honeycomb,”</span>—4 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(14) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 51. (<span class="tei tei-q">“and was carried up into Heaven,”</span>—5.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(15) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 52. (<span class="tei tei-q">“worshipped Him,”</span>—2 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(16) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 53. (<span class="tei tei-q">“praising and,”</span>—2 words.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On an attentive survey of the foregoing sixteen instances +of unauthorized Omission, it will be perceived that the 1st +passage (S. Luke xxii. 19, 20) must have been eliminated +from the Text because the mention of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> Cups seemed to +create a difficulty.—The 2nd has been suppressed because +(see p. <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref">82</a>) the incident was deemed derogatory to the majesty +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> Incarnate.—The 3rd and 5th were held to be superfluous, +because the information which they contain has been +already conveyed by the parallel passages.—The 10th will +have been omitted as apparently inconsistent with the strict +letter of S. John xx. 1-10.—The 6th and 13th are certainly +instances of enforced Harmony.—Most of the others (the +4th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 16th) seem to +have been excised through mere wantonness,—the veriest +licentiousness.—In the meantime, so far are Drs. Westcott +and Hort from accepting the foregoing account of the matter, +that they even style the 1st <span class="tei tei-q">“a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perverse interpolation</span></em>:”</span> in +which view of the subject, however, they enjoy the distinction +of standing entirely alone. With the same <span class="tei tei-q">“moral certainty,”</span> +they further proceed to shut up within double +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page077">[pg 077]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +brackets the 2nd, 4th, 7th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th: +while the 3rd, 5th, 6th, 13th, and 16th, they exclude from +their Text as indisputably spurious matter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, we are not about to abuse our Readers' patience by +an investigation of the several points raised by the foregoing +statement. In fact, all should have been passed by in silence, +but that unhappily the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> of our Authorized Version +is touched thereby very nearly indeed. So intimate +(may we not say, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so fatal</span></em>?) proves to be the sympathy +between the labours of Drs. Westcott and Hort and those of +our Revisionists, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that whatever the former have shut up within +double brackets, the latter are discovered to have branded with a +note of suspicion</span></em>, conceived invariably in the same terms: +viz., <span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities omit.”</span> And further, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whatever +those Editors have rejected from their Text, these Revisionists +have rejected also</span></em>. It becomes necessary, therefore, briefly to +enquire after the precise amount of manuscript authority +which underlies certain of the foregoing changes. And +happily this may be done in a few words. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sole</span></em> authority for just half of the places above enumerated<a id="noteref_189" name="noteref_189" href="#note_189"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">189</span></span></a> +is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a single Greek codex</span></em>,—and that, the most depraved +of all,—viz. Beza's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>.<a id="noteref_190" name="noteref_190" href="#note_190"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">190</span></span></a> It should further be stated that the +only allies discoverable for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> are a few copies of the old +Latin. What we are saying will seem scarcely credible: but +it is a plain fact, of which any one may convince himself who +will be at the pains to inspect the critical apparatus at the +foot of the pages of Tischendorf's last (8th) edition. Our +Revisionists' notion, therefore, of what constitutes <span class="tei tei-q">“weighty +evidence”</span> is now before the Reader. If, in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his</span></em> judgment, the +testimony of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single manuscript</span></em>, (and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> manuscript the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page078">[pg 078]</span><a name="Pg078" id="Pg078" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Codex Bezæ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>),)—does really invalidate that of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all other +Manuscripts and all other Versions</span></em> in the world,—then of +course, the Greek Text of the Revisionists will in his judgment +be a thing to be rejoiced over. But what if he should +be of opinion that such testimony, in and by itself, is simply +worthless? We shrewdly suspect that the Revisionists' view +of what constitutes <span class="tei tei-q">“weighty Evidence”</span> will be found to end +where it began, viz. in the Jerusalem Chamber. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For, when we reach down codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> from the shelf, we are +reminded that, within the space of the three chapters of S. +Luke's Gospel now under consideration, there are in all no +less than 354 words omitted; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of which</span></em>, 250 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are omitted by</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone</span></em>. May we have it explained to us why, of those 354 +words, only 25 are singled out by Drs. Westcott and Hort +for permanent excision from the sacred Text? Within the +same compass, no less than 173 words have been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">added by</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> to the commonly Received Text,—146, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substituted</span></em>,—243, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transposed</span></em>. May we ask how it comes to pass that of those +562 words <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one</span></em> has been promoted to their margin by +the Revisionists?... Return we, however, to our list of the +changes which they actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em> effected. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) Now, that ecclesiastical usage and the parallel places +would seriously affect such precious words as are found in S. +Luke xxii. 19, 20,—was to have been expected. Yet has the +type been preserved all along, from the beginning, with +singular exactness; except in one little handful of singularly +licentious documents, viz. in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> a ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> i l, which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leave all out</span></em>;—in +b e, which substitute verses 17 and 18;—and in <span class="tei tei-q">“the +singular and sometimes rather wild Curetonian Syriac Version,”</span><a id="noteref_191" name="noteref_191" href="#note_191"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">191</span></span></a> +which, retaining the 10 words of ver. 19, substitutes +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page079">[pg 079]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +verses 17, 18 for ver. 20. Enough for the condemnation of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> survives in Justin,<a id="noteref_192" name="noteref_192" href="#note_192"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">192</span></span></a>—Basil,<a id="noteref_193" name="noteref_193" href="#note_193"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">193</span></span></a>—Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_194" name="noteref_194" href="#note_194"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">194</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_195" name="noteref_195" href="#note_195"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">195</span></span></a>—Cyril,<a id="noteref_196" name="noteref_196" href="#note_196"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">196</span></span></a>—Maximus,<a id="noteref_197" name="noteref_197" href="#note_197"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">197</span></span></a>—Jerome.<a id="noteref_198" name="noteref_198" href="#note_198"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">198</span></span></a> +But why delay ourselves concerning +a place vouched for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by every known copy of the Gospels +except</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>? Drs. Westcott and Hort entertain <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no moral +doubt</span></em> that the [32] words [given at foot<a id="noteref_199" name="noteref_199" href="#note_199"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">199</span></span></a>] were absent from +the original text of S. Luke;”</span> in which opinion, happily, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they stand alone</span></em>. But why did our Revisionists suffer themselves +to be led astray by such blind guidance? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The next place is entitled to far graver attention, and may +on no account be lightly dismissed, seeing that these two +verses contain the sole record of that <span class="tei tei-q">“Agony in the Garden”</span> +which the universal Church has almost erected into an +article of the Faith. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) That the incident of the ministering Angel, the Agony +and bloody sweat of the world's Redeemer (S. Luke xxii. 43, +44), was anciently absent from certain copies of the Gospels, +is expressly recorded by Hilary,<a id="noteref_200" name="noteref_200" href="#note_200"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">200</span></span></a> by Jerome,<a id="noteref_201" name="noteref_201" href="#note_201"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">201</span></span></a> and others. +Only necessary is it to read the apologetic remarks which +Ambrose introduces when he reaches S. Luke xxii. 43,<a id="noteref_202" name="noteref_202" href="#note_202"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">202</span></span></a> to +understand what has evidently led to this serious mutilation +of Scripture,—traces of which survive at this day exclusively +in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four</span></em> codices, viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b r t</span></span>. Singular to relate, in the +Gospel which was read on Maundy-Thursday these two +verses of S. Luke's Gospel are thrust in between the 39th +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page080">[pg 080]</span><a name="Pg080" id="Pg080" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and the 40th verses of S. Matthew xxvi. Hence, 4 cursive +copies, viz. 13-69-124-346—(confessedly derived from a +common ancient archetype,<a id="noteref_203" name="noteref_203" href="#note_203"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">203</span></span></a> and therefore not four witnesses +but only one),—actually exhibit these two Verses +in that place. But will any unprejudiced person of sound +mind entertain a doubt concerning the genuineness of these +two verses, witnessed to as they are by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole body of the +Manuscripts</span></em>, uncial as well as cursive, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by every ancient +Version</span></em>?... If such a thing were possible, it is hoped +that the following enumeration of ancient Fathers, who +distinctly recognize the place under discussion, must at least +be held to be decisive:—viz. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Justin M.,<a id="noteref_204" name="noteref_204" href="#note_204"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">204</span></span></a>—Irenæus<a id="noteref_205" name="noteref_205" href="#note_205"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">205</span></span></a> in the IInd century:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Hippolytus,<a id="noteref_206" name="noteref_206" href="#note_206"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">206</span></span></a>—Dionysius Alex.,<a id="noteref_207" name="noteref_207" href="#note_207"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">207</span></span></a>—ps. Tatian,<a id="noteref_208" name="noteref_208" href="#note_208"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">208</span></span></a> in the +IIIrd.— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Arius,<a id="noteref_209" name="noteref_209" href="#note_209"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">209</span></span></a>—Eusebius,<a id="noteref_210" name="noteref_210" href="#note_210"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">210</span></span></a>—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_211" name="noteref_211" href="#note_211"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">211</span></span></a>—Ephraem Syr.,<a id="noteref_212" name="noteref_212" href="#note_212"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">212</span></span></a>—Didymus,<a id="noteref_213" name="noteref_213" href="#note_213"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">213</span></span></a>—Gregory +Naz.,<a id="noteref_214" name="noteref_214" href="#note_214"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">214</span></span></a>—Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_215" name="noteref_215" href="#note_215"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">215</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_216" name="noteref_216" href="#note_216"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">216</span></span></a>—ps.-Dionysius +Areop.,<a id="noteref_217" name="noteref_217" href="#note_217"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">217</span></span></a> in the IVth:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Julian the heretic,<a id="noteref_218" name="noteref_218" href="#note_218"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">218</span></span></a>—Theodoras Mops.,<a id="noteref_219" name="noteref_219" href="#note_219"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">219</span></span></a>—Nestorius,<a id="noteref_220" name="noteref_220" href="#note_220"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">220</span></span></a>—Cyril +Alex.,<a id="noteref_221" name="noteref_221" href="#note_221"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">221</span></span></a>—Paulus, bishop of Emesa,<a id="noteref_222" name="noteref_222" href="#note_222"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">222</span></span></a>—Gennadius,<a id="noteref_223" name="noteref_223" href="#note_223"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">223</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_224" name="noteref_224" href="#note_224"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">224</span></span></a>—and +several Oriental Bishops (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431),<a id="noteref_225" name="noteref_225" href="#note_225"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">225</span></span></a> in +the Vth:—besides +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page081">[pg 081]</span><a name="Pg081" id="Pg081" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Ps.-Cæsarius,<a id="noteref_226" name="noteref_226" href="#note_226"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">226</span></span></a>—Theodosius Alex.,<a id="noteref_227" name="noteref_227" href="#note_227"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">227</span></span></a>—John Damascene,<a id="noteref_228" name="noteref_228" href="#note_228"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">228</span></span></a>—Maximus,<a id="noteref_229" name="noteref_229" href="#note_229"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">229</span></span></a>—Theodorus +hæret.,<a id="noteref_230" name="noteref_230" href="#note_230"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">230</span></span></a>—Leontius Byz.,<a id="noteref_231" name="noteref_231" href="#note_231"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">231</span></span></a>—Anastasius +Sin.,<a id="noteref_232" name="noteref_232" href="#note_232"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">232</span></span></a>—Photius:<a id="noteref_233" name="noteref_233" href="#note_233"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">233</span></span></a> and of the Latins, Hilary,<a id="noteref_234" name="noteref_234" href="#note_234"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">234</span></span></a>—Jerome,<a id="noteref_235" name="noteref_235" href="#note_235"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">235</span></span></a>—Augustine,<a id="noteref_236" name="noteref_236" href="#note_236"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">236</span></span></a>—Cassian,<a id="noteref_237" name="noteref_237" href="#note_237"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">237</span></span></a>—Paulinus,<a id="noteref_238" name="noteref_238" href="#note_238"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">238</span></span></a>—Facundus.<a id="noteref_239" name="noteref_239" href="#note_239"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">239</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It will be seen that we have been enumerating <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upwards of +forty famous personages from every part of ancient Christendom</span></em>, +who recognize these verses as genuine; fourteen of them +being as old,—some of them, a great deal older,—than our +oldest MSS.—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> therefore Drs. Westcott and Hort should +insist on shutting up these 26 precious words—this article +of the Faith—in double brackets, in token that it is <span class="tei tei-q">“morally +certain”</span> that verses 43 and 44 are of spurious origin, we are +at a loss to divine.<a id="noteref_240" name="noteref_240" href="#note_240"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">240</span></span></a> We can but ejaculate (in the very +words they proceed to disallow),—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, forgive them; for +they know not what they do.”</span> But our especial concern is +with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">our Revisionists</span></em>; and we do not exceed our province +when we come forward to reproach them sternly for having +succumbed to such evil counsels, and deliberately branded +these Verses with their own corporate expression of doubt. +For unless <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> be the purpose of the marginal Note which +they have set against these verses, we fail to understand the +Revisers' language and are wholly at a loss to divine what +purpose that note of theirs can be meant to serve. It is prefaced +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page082">[pg 082]</span><a name="Pg082" id="Pg082" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +by a formula which, (as we learn from their own +Preface,) offers to the reader the <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative”</span> of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitting</span></em> the +Verses in question: implies that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it would not be safe</span></em>”</span> any +longer to accept them,—as the Church has hitherto done,—with +undoubting confidence. In a word,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it brands them with +suspicion</span></em>.... We have been so full on this subject,—(not +half of our references were known to Tischendorf,)—because +of the unspeakable preciousness of the record; and because +we desire to see an end at last to expressions of doubt and +uncertainty on points which really afford not a shadow of +pretence for either. These two Verses were excised through +mistaken piety by certain of the orthodox,—jealous for the +honour of their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, and alarmed by the use which the +impugners of His <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head freely made of them.<a id="noteref_241" name="noteref_241" href="#note_241"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">241</span></span></a> Hence +Ephraem [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Carmina Nisibena</span></span>, p. 145] puts the following words +into the mouth of Satan, addressing the host of Hell:—<span class="tei tei-q">“One +thing I witnessed in Him which especially comforts me. I +saw Him praying; and I rejoiced, for His countenance +changed and He was afraid. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">His sweat was drops of blood</span></em>, +for He had a presentiment that His day had come. This was +the fairest sight of all,—unless, to be sure, He was practising +deception on me. For verily if He hath deceived me, then it +is all over,—both with me, and with you, my servants!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) Next in importance after the preceding, comes the +Prayer which the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> of the World breathed from the +Cross on behalf of His murderers (S. Luke xxiii. 34). These +twelve precious words,—(<span class="tei tei-q">“Then said <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus, Father</span></span>, forgive +them; for they know not what they do,”</span>)—like those +twenty-six words in S. Luke xxii. 43, 44 which we have been +considering already, Drs. Westcott and Hort enclose within +double brackets in token of the <span class="tei tei-q">“moral certainty”</span> they entertain +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page083">[pg 083]</span><a name="Pg083" id="Pg083" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that the words are spurious.<a id="noteref_242" name="noteref_242" href="#note_242"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">242</span></span></a> And yet these words are +found in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known uncial</span></em> and in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known cursive Copy</span></em>, +except four; besides being found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in every ancient Version</span></em>. And +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em>,—(we ask the question with sincere simplicity,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> +amount of evidence is calculated to inspire undoubting +confidence in any existing Reading, if not such a concurrence +of Authorities as this?... We forbear to insist upon the probabilities +of the case. The Divine power and sweetness of the +incident shall not be enlarged upon. We introduce no +considerations resulting from Internal Evidence. True, that +<span class="tei tei-q">“few verses of the Gospels bear in themselves a surer witness +to the Truth of what they record, than this.”</span> (It is the +admission of the very man<a id="noteref_243" name="noteref_243" href="#note_243"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">243</span></span></a> who has nevertheless dared to +brand it with suspicion.) But we reject his loathsome patronage +with indignation. <span class="tei tei-q">“Internal Evidence,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Transcriptional +Probability,”</span>—and all such <span class="tei tei-q">“chaff and draff,”</span> with which he +fills his pages <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ad nauseam</span></span>, and mystifies nobody but himself,—shall +be allowed no place in the present discussion. Let +this verse of Scripture stand or fall as it meets with sufficient +external testimony, or is forsaken thereby. How then about +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Patristic</span></em> evidence,—for this is all that remains unexplored? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Only a fraction of it was known to Tischendorf. We +find our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> Prayer attested,— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page084">[pg 084]</span><a name="Pg084" id="Pg084" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IInd century by Hegesippus,<a id="noteref_244" name="noteref_244" href="#note_244"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">244</span></span></a>—and by Irenæus:<a id="noteref_245" name="noteref_245" href="#note_245"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">245</span></span></a>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IIIrd, by Hippolytus,<a id="noteref_246" name="noteref_246" href="#note_246"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">246</span></span></a>—by Origen,<a id="noteref_247" name="noteref_247" href="#note_247"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">247</span></span></a>—by the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolic Constitutions</span></span>,<a id="noteref_248" name="noteref_248" href="#note_248"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">248</span></span></a>—by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clementine Homilies</span></span>,<a id="noteref_249" name="noteref_249" href="#note_249"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">249</span></span></a>—by +ps.-Tatian,<a id="noteref_250" name="noteref_250" href="#note_250"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">250</span></span></a>—and by the disputation of Archelaus with +Manes:<a id="noteref_251" name="noteref_251" href="#note_251"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">251</span></span></a>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IVth, by Eusebius,<a id="noteref_252" name="noteref_252" href="#note_252"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">252</span></span></a>—by Athanasius,<a id="noteref_253" name="noteref_253" href="#note_253"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">253</span></span></a>—by Gregory +Nyss.,<a id="noteref_254" name="noteref_254" href="#note_254"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">254</span></span></a>—by Theodoras Herac.,<a id="noteref_255" name="noteref_255" href="#note_255"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">255</span></span></a>—by Basil,<a id="noteref_256" name="noteref_256" href="#note_256"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">256</span></span></a>—by Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_257" name="noteref_257" href="#note_257"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">257</span></span></a>—by +Ephraem Syr.,<a id="noteref_258" name="noteref_258" href="#note_258"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">258</span></span></a>—by ps.-Ephraim,<a id="noteref_259" name="noteref_259" href="#note_259"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">259</span></span></a>—by ps.-Dionysius +Areop.,<a id="noteref_260" name="noteref_260" href="#note_260"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">260</span></span></a>—by the Apocryphal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Pilati</span></span>,<a id="noteref_261" name="noteref_261" href="#note_261"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">261</span></span></a>—by +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Philippi</span></span>,<a id="noteref_262" name="noteref_262" href="#note_262"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">262</span></span></a>—and by the Syriac <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acts of the App.</span></span>,<a id="noteref_263" name="noteref_263" href="#note_263"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">263</span></span></a>—by +ps.-Ignatius,<a id="noteref_264" name="noteref_264" href="#note_264"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">264</span></span></a>—and ps.-Justin:<a id="noteref_265" name="noteref_265" href="#note_265"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">265</span></span></a>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Vth, by Theodoret,<a id="noteref_266" name="noteref_266" href="#note_266"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">266</span></span></a>—by Cyril,<a id="noteref_267" name="noteref_267" href="#note_267"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">267</span></span></a>—by Eutherius:<a id="noteref_268" name="noteref_268" href="#note_268"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">268</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIth, by Anastasius Sin.,<a id="noteref_269" name="noteref_269" href="#note_269"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">269</span></span></a>—by Hesychius:<a id="noteref_270" name="noteref_270" href="#note_270"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">270</span></span></a>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIIth, by Antiochus mon.,<a id="noteref_271" name="noteref_271" href="#note_271"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">271</span></span></a>—by Maximus,<a id="noteref_272" name="noteref_272" href="#note_272"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">272</span></span></a>—by +Andreas Cret.:<a id="noteref_273" name="noteref_273" href="#note_273"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">273</span></span></a>— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page085">[pg 085]</span><a name="Pg085" id="Pg085" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIIIth, by John Damascene,<a id="noteref_274" name="noteref_274" href="#note_274"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">274</span></span></a>—besides ps.-Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_275" name="noteref_275" href="#note_275"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">275</span></span></a>—ps. +Amphilochius,<a id="noteref_276" name="noteref_276" href="#note_276"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">276</span></span></a>—and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus imperf.</span></span><a id="noteref_277" name="noteref_277" href="#note_277"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">277</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Add to this, (since Latin authorities have been brought to +the front),—Ambrose,<a id="noteref_278" name="noteref_278" href="#note_278"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">278</span></span></a>—Hilary,<a id="noteref_279" name="noteref_279" href="#note_279"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">279</span></span></a>—Jerome,<a id="noteref_280" name="noteref_280" href="#note_280"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">280</span></span></a>—Augustine,<a id="noteref_281" name="noteref_281" href="#note_281"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">281</span></span></a>—and +other earlier writers.<a id="noteref_282" name="noteref_282" href="#note_282"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">282</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We have thus again enumerated <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upwards of forty</span></em> ancient +Fathers. And again we ask, With what show of reason is +the brand set upon these 12 words? Gravely to cite, as +if there were anything in it, such counter-evidence as the +following, to the foregoing torrent of Testimony from every +part of ancient Christendom:—viz: <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, 38, 435, a b d and +one Egyptian version”</span>—might really have been mistaken for +a <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">mauvaise plaisanterie</span></span>, were it not that the gravity of the +occasion effectually precludes the supposition. How could +our Revisionists <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">dare</span></em> to insinuate doubts into wavering +hearts and unlearned heads, where (as here) they were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bound</span></em> +to know, there exists <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no manner of doubt at all</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) The record of the same Evangelist (S. Luke xxiii. 38) +that the Inscription over our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> Cross was <span class="tei tei-q">“written +... in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">disappears +entirely</span></em> from our <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised”</span> version; and this, for no other +reason, but because the incident is omitted by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, the +corrupt Egyptian versions, and Cureton's depraved Syriac: +the text of which (according to Bp. Ellicott<a id="noteref_283" name="noteref_283" href="#note_283"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">283</span></span></a>) <span class="tei tei-q">“is of a +very composite nature,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sometimes inclining to the shortness +and simplicity of the Vatican manuscript</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>): <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> on the +present occasion. But surely the negative testimony of this +little band of disreputable witnesses is entirely outweighed +by the positive evidence of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a d q r</span></span> with 13 other uncials,—the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page086">[pg 086]</span><a name="Pg086" id="Pg086" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +evidence of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the entire body of the cursives</span></em>,—the sanction +of the Latin,—the Peschito and Philoxenian Syriac,—the +Armenian,—Æthiopic,—and Georgian versions; besides Eusebius—whose +testimony (which is express) has been hitherto +strangely overlooked<a id="noteref_284" name="noteref_284" href="#note_284"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">284</span></span></a>—and Cyril.<a id="noteref_285" name="noteref_285" href="#note_285"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">285</span></span></a> Against the threefold +plea of Antiquity, Respectability of witnesses, Universality +of testimony,—what have our Revisionists to show? (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) They +cannot pretend that there has been Assimilation here; for +the type of S. John xix. 20 is essentially different, and has +retained its distinctive character all down the ages. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Nor can +they pretend that the condition of the Text hereabouts bears +traces of having been jealously guarded. We ask the Reader's +attention to this matter just for a moment. There may be +some of the occupants of the Jerusalem Chamber even, to +whom what we are about to offer may not be altogether +without the grace of novelty:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That the Title on the Cross is diversely set down by each +of the four Evangelists,—all men are aware. But perhaps +all are not aware that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">S. Luke's record</span></em> of the Title (in +ch. xxiii. 38) is exhibited in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four different ways</span></em> by codices +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> exhibits—ΟΥΤΟΣ ΕΣΤΙΝ Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">L</span></span> and a) exhibits—Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ +ΟΥΤΟΣ +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> exhibits—Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ (which is Mk. +xv. 26). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> (with e and ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span>) exhibits—Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ +ΟΥΤΟΣ ΕΣΤΙΝ (which is the words of the Evangelist +transposed). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We propose to recur to the foregoing specimens of licentiousness +by-and-by.<a id="noteref_286" name="noteref_286" href="#note_286"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">286</span></span></a> For the moment, let it be added that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page087">[pg 087]</span><a name="Pg087" id="Pg087" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">x</span></span> and the Sahidic version conspire in a fifth variety, +viz., ΟΥΤΟΣ ΕΣΤΙΝ ΙΗΣΟΥΣ Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ +(which is S. Matt. xxvii. 37); while Ambrose<a id="noteref_287" name="noteref_287" href="#note_287"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">287</span></span></a> is found to +have used a Latin copy which represented ΙΗΣΟΥΣ Ο ΝΑΖΩΡΑΙΟΣ +Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ (which is S. John xix. 18). +We spare the reader any remarks of our own on all this. He +is competent to draw his own painful inferences, and will not +fail to make his own damaging reflections. He shall only be +further informed that 14 uncials and the whole body of the +cursive copies side with codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> in upholding the Traditional +Text; that the Vulgate,<a id="noteref_288" name="noteref_288" href="#note_288"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">288</span></span></a>—the Peschito,—Cureton's Syriac,—the +Philoxenian;—besides the Coptic,—Armenian,—and +Æthiopic versions—are all on the same side: lastly, that +Origen,<a id="noteref_289" name="noteref_289" href="#note_289"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">289</span></span></a>—Eusebius,—and Gregory of Nyssa<a id="noteref_290" name="noteref_290" href="#note_290"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">290</span></span></a> are in addition +consentient witnesses;—and we can hardly be mistaken if +we venture to anticipate (1st),—That the Reader will agree +with us that the Text with which we are best acquainted +(as usual) is here deserving of all confidence; and (2ndly),—That +the Revisionists who assure us <span class="tei tei-q">“that they did not +esteem it within their province to construct a continuous and +complete Greek Text;”</span> (and who were never authorized to +construct <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a new Greek Text at all</span></em>;) were not justified in the +course they have pursued with regard to S. Luke xxiii. 38. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">This is the King of the Jews</span></span>”</span> is the only idiomatic way +of rendering into English the title according to S. Luke, +whether the reading of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> or of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> be adopted; but, in order to +make it plain that they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reject the Greek of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in favour of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, +the Revisionists have gone out of their way. They have +instructed the two Editors of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Greek Testament with the +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page088">[pg 088]</span><a name="Pg088" id="Pg088" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +Readings adopted by the Revisers of the Authorized Version</span></span>”</span><a id="noteref_291" name="noteref_291" href="#note_291"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">291</span></span></a> +to exhibit S. Luke xxiii. 38 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as it stands in the mutilated +recension of Drs. Westcott and Hort</span></em>.<a id="noteref_292" name="noteref_292" href="#note_292"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">292</span></span></a> And if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> procedure, +repeated many hundreds of times, be not constructing a <span class="tei tei-q">“new +Greek Text”</span> of the N. T., we have yet to learn what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) From the first verse of the concluding chapter of +S. Luke's Gospel, is excluded the familiar clause—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and certain +others with them</span></em>”</span> (καί τινες σὺν αὐταῖς). And pray, why? +For no other reason but because א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, with some Latin +authorities, omit the clause;—and our Revisionists do the +like, on the plea that they have only been getting rid of a +<span class="tei tei-q">“harmonistic insertion.”</span><a id="noteref_293" name="noteref_293" href="#note_293"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">293</span></span></a> But it is nothing of the sort, as we +proceed to explain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ammonius, or some predecessor of his early in the IInd +century, saw fit (with perverse ingenuity) to seek to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">force</span></em> +S. Luke xxiii. 55 into agreement with S. Matt. xxvii. 61 and +S. Mark xv. 47, by turning κατακολουθήσασαι δὲ καὶ γυναῖκες,—into +κατηκολούθησαν δὲ ΔΎΟ γυναῖκες. This done, in order +to produce <span class="tei tei-q">“harmonistic”</span> agreement and to be thorough, the +same misguided individual proceeded to run his pen through +the words <span class="tei tei-q">“and certain with them”</span> (καί τινες σὺν αὐταῖς) as +inopportune; and his work was ended. 1750 years have +rolled by since then, and—What traces remain of the man's +foolishness? Of his <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">first</span></em> feat (we answer), Eusebius,<a id="noteref_294" name="noteref_294" href="#note_294"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">294</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and +Evan. 29, besides five copies of the old Latin (a b e ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> q), are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page089">[pg 089]</span><a name="Pg089" id="Pg089" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the sole surviving Witnesses. Of his <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">second</span></em> achievement, +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, 33, 124, have preserved a record; besides seven copies +of the old Latin (a b c e ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> g<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">-1</span></span> 1), together with the Vulgate, +the Coptic, and Eusebius in one place<a id="noteref_295" name="noteref_295" href="#note_295"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">295</span></span></a> though not in another.<a id="noteref_296" name="noteref_296" href="#note_296"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">296</span></span></a> +The Reader is therefore invited to notice that the tables have +been unexpectedly turned upon our opponents. S. Luke +introduced the words <span class="tei tei-q">“and certain with them,”</span> in order to +prepare us for what he will have to say in xxiv. 10,—viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“It +was Mary Magdalene, and Joanna, and Mary the mother of +James, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">other women with them</span></em>, which told these things +unto the Apostles.”</span> Some stupid harmonizer in the IInd +century omitted the words, because they were in his way. +Calamitous however it is that a clause which the Church has +long since deliberately reinstated should, in the year 1881, be +as deliberately banished for the second time from the sacred +page by our Revisionists; who under the plea of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">amending +our English Authorized Version</span></em> have (with the best intentions) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">falsified the Greek Text</span></em> of the Gospels in countless +places,—often, as here, without notice and without apology. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(10) We find it impossible to pass by in silence the treatment +which S. Luke xxiv. 12 has experienced at their hands. +They have branded with doubt S. Luke's memorable account +of S. Peter's visit to the sepulchre. And why? Let the +evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></em> this precious portion of the narrative be first +rehearsed. Nineteen uncials then, with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> at their head, +supported by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known cursive</span></em> copy,—all these vouch for +the genuineness of the verse in question. The Latin,—the +Syriac,—and the Egyptian versions also contain it. Eusebius,<a id="noteref_297" name="noteref_297" href="#note_297"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">297</span></span></a>—Gregory +of Nyssa,<a id="noteref_298" name="noteref_298" href="#note_298"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">298</span></span></a>—Cyril,<a id="noteref_299" name="noteref_299" href="#note_299"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">299</span></span></a>—Severus,<a id="noteref_300" name="noteref_300" href="#note_300"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">300</span></span></a>—Ammonius,<a id="noteref_301" name="noteref_301" href="#note_301"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">301</span></span></a> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page090">[pg 090]</span><a name="Pg090" id="Pg090" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and others<a id="noteref_302" name="noteref_302" href="#note_302"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">302</span></span></a> refer to it: while <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no ancient writer</span></em> is found to +impugn it. Then, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> the double brackets of Drs. Westcott +and Hort? and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> the correlative marginal note of our Revisionists?—Simply +because <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and 5 copies of the old Latin +(a b e l fu) leave these 22 words out. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(11) On the same sorry evidence—(viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and 5 copies of +the old Latin)—it is proposed henceforth to omit our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> greeting to His disciples when He appeared among +them in the upper chamber on the evening of the first Easter +Day. And yet the precious words (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and saith unto them, +Peace be unto you</span></em>”</span> [Lu. xxiv. 36],) are vouched for by 18 +uncials (with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> at their head), and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known cursive +copy</span></em> of the Gospels: by all the Versions: and (as before) by +Eusebius,<a id="noteref_303" name="noteref_303" href="#note_303"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">303</span></span></a>—and Ambrose,<a id="noteref_304" name="noteref_304" href="#note_304"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">304</span></span></a>—by Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_305" name="noteref_305" href="#note_305"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">305</span></span></a>—and Cyril,<a id="noteref_306" name="noteref_306" href="#note_306"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">306</span></span></a>—and +Augustine.<a id="noteref_307" name="noteref_307" href="#note_307"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">307</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(12) The same remarks suggest themselves on a survey of +the evidence for S. Luke xxiv. 40:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And when He had +thus spoken, He showed them His hands and His feet.</span></em>”</span> The +words are found in 18 uncials (beginning with א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span>), and in +every known cursive: in the Latin,<a id="noteref_308" name="noteref_308" href="#note_308"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">308</span></span></a>—the Syriac,—the +Egyptian,—in short, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in all the ancient Versions</span></em>. Besides +these, ps.-Justin,<a id="noteref_309" name="noteref_309" href="#note_309"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">309</span></span></a>—Eusebius,<a id="noteref_310" name="noteref_310" href="#note_310"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">310</span></span></a>—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_311" name="noteref_311" href="#note_311"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">311</span></span></a>—Ambrose (in +Greek),<a id="noteref_312" name="noteref_312" href="#note_312"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">312</span></span></a>—Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_313" name="noteref_313" href="#note_313"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">313</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_314" name="noteref_314" href="#note_314"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">314</span></span></a>—Cyril,<a id="noteref_315" name="noteref_315" href="#note_315"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">315</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_316" name="noteref_316" href="#note_316"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">316</span></span></a>—Ammonius,<a id="noteref_317" name="noteref_317" href="#note_317"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">317</span></span></a>—and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page091">[pg 091]</span><a name="Pg091" id="Pg091" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +John Damascene<a id="noteref_318" name="noteref_318" href="#note_318"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">318</span></span></a>—quote them. +What but the veriest trifling is it, in the face of such a +body of evidence, to bring forward the fact that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and 5 +copies of the old Latin, with Cureton's Syriac (of which +we have had the character already<a id="noteref_319" name="noteref_319" href="#note_319"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">319</span></span></a>), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omit</span></em> the words in +question? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The foregoing enumeration of instances of Mutilation +might be enlarged to almost any extent. Take only three +more short but striking specimens, before we pass on:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Thus, the precious verse (S. Matthew xvii. 21) which +declares that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this kind</span></em> [of evil spirit] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">goeth not out but by +prayer and fasting</span></em>,”</span> is expunged by our Revisionists; +although it is vouched for by every known uncial <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but two</span></em> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א), every known cursive <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but one</span></em> (Evan. 33); is witnessed +to by the Old Latin and the Vulgate,—the Syriac, Coptic, +Armenian, Georgian, Æthiopic, and Slavonic versions; by +Origen,<a id="noteref_320" name="noteref_320" href="#note_320"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">320</span></span></a>—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_321" name="noteref_321" href="#note_321"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">321</span></span></a>—Basil,<a id="noteref_322" name="noteref_322" href="#note_322"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">322</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_323" name="noteref_323" href="#note_323"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">323</span></span></a>—the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus +imperf.</span></span>,<a id="noteref_324" name="noteref_324" href="#note_324"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">324</span></span></a>—the Syriac Clement,<a id="noteref_325" name="noteref_325" href="#note_325"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">325</span></span></a>—and John Damascene;<a id="noteref_326" name="noteref_326" href="#note_326"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">326</span></span></a>—by +Tertullian,—Ambrose,—Hilary,—Juvencus,—Augustine,—Maximus +Taur.,—and by the Syriac version of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canons +of Eusebius</span></span>: above all by the Universal East,—having been +read in all the churches of Oriental Christendom on the 10th +Sunday after Pentecost, from the earliest period. Why, in +the world, then (our readers will ask) have the Revisionists +left those words out?... For no other reason, we answer, +but because Drs. Westcott and Hort place them among the +interpolations which they consider unworthy of being even +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page092">[pg 092]</span><a name="Pg092" id="Pg092" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“exceptionally retained in association with the true Text.”</span><a id="noteref_327" name="noteref_327" href="#note_327"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">327</span></span></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Western and Syrian”</span> is their oracular sentence.<a id="noteref_328" name="noteref_328" href="#note_328"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">328</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) The blessed declaration, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The Son of Man is come to +save that which was lost</span></em>,”</span>—has in like manner been expunged +by our Revisionists from S. Matth. xviii. 11; although it is +attested by every known uncial except <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>, and every +known cursive <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">except three</span></em>: by the old Latin and the Vulgate: +by the Peschito, Cureton's and the Philoxenian Syriac: +by the Coptic, Armenian, Æthiopic, Georgian and Slavonic +versions:<a id="noteref_329" name="noteref_329" href="#note_329"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">329</span></span></a>—by Origen,<a id="noteref_330" name="noteref_330" href="#note_330"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">330</span></span></a>—Theodoras Heracl.,<a id="noteref_331" name="noteref_331" href="#note_331"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">331</span></span></a>—Chrysostom<a id="noteref_332" name="noteref_332" href="#note_332"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">332</span></span></a>—and +Jovius<a id="noteref_333" name="noteref_333" href="#note_333"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">333</span></span></a> the monk;—by Tertullian,<a id="noteref_334" name="noteref_334" href="#note_334"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">334</span></span></a>—Ambrose,<a id="noteref_335" name="noteref_335" href="#note_335"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">335</span></span></a>—Hilary,<a id="noteref_336" name="noteref_336" href="#note_336"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">336</span></span></a>—Jerome,<a id="noteref_337" name="noteref_337" href="#note_337"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">337</span></span></a>—pope +Damasus<a id="noteref_338" name="noteref_338" href="#note_338"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">338</span></span></a>—and Augustine:<a id="noteref_339" name="noteref_339" href="#note_339"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">339</span></span></a>—above +all, by the Universal Eastern Church,—for it has been +read in all assemblies of the faithful on the morrow of Pentecost, +from the beginning. Why then (the reader will again +ask) have the Revisionists expunged this verse? We can +only answer as before,—because Drs. Westcott and Hort +consign it to the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">limbus</span></em> of their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>; class it among +their <span class="tei tei-q">“Rejected Readings”</span> of the most hopeless type.<a id="noteref_340" name="noteref_340" href="#note_340"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">340</span></span></a> As +before, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> their sentence is <span class="tei tei-q">“Western and Syrian.”</span> They +add, <span class="tei tei-q">“Interpolated either from Lu. xix. 10, or from an independent +source, written or oral.”</span><a id="noteref_341" name="noteref_341" href="#note_341"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">341</span></span></a>... Will the English +Church suffer herself to be in this way defrauded of her +priceless inheritance,—through the irreverent bungling of +well-intentioned, but utterly misguided men? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page093">[pg 093]</span><a name="Pg093" id="Pg093" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) In the same way, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> important saying,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ye +know not what manner of spirit ye are of: for the Son of man +is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save them</span></span>”</span> (S. Luke +ix. 55, 56), has disappeared from our <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised”</span> Version; +although Manuscripts, Versions, Fathers from the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">second +century</span></em> downwards, (as Tischendorf admits,) witness eloquently +in its favour. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +V. In conclusion, we propose to advert, just for a moment, +to those five several mis-representations of S. Luke's <span class="tei tei-q">“Title +on the Cross,”</span> which were rehearsed above, viz. in page <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref">86</a>. +At so gross an exhibition of licentiousness, it is the mere +instinct of Natural Piety to exclaim,—But then, could not +those men even set down so sacred a record as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, correctly? +They could, had they been so minded, no doubt, (we answer): +but, marvellous to relate, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Transposition</span></span> of words,—no +matter how significant, sacred, solemn;—of short clauses,—even +of whole sentences of Scripture;—was anciently +accounted an allowable, even a graceful exercise of the critical +faculty. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The thing alluded to is incredible at first sight; being so +often done, apparently, without any reason whatever,—or +rather in defiance of all reason. Let <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">candidus lector</span></span> be the +judge whether we speak truly or not. Whereas S. Luke +(xxiv. 41) says, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">And while they yet believed not for joy, +and wondered</span></span>,”</span> the scribe of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> (by way of improving +upon the Evangelist) transposes his sentence into this, <span class="tei tei-q">“And +while they yet disbelieved Him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and wondered for joy</span></em>:”</span><a id="noteref_342" name="noteref_342" href="#note_342"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">342</span></span></a> +which is almost nonsense, or quite. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But take a less solemn example. Instead of,—<span class="tei tei-q">“And His +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page094">[pg 094]</span><a name="Pg094" id="Pg094" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +disciples plucked <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the ears of corn, and ate them</span></em>, (τοὺς +στάχυας, καὶ ἤσθιον,) rubbing them in their hands”</span> (S. Luke +vi. 1),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l r</span></span>, by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transposing</span></em> four Greek words, present us +with, <span class="tei tei-q">“And His disciples plucked, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and ate the ears of corn</span></em>, +(καὶ ἤσθιον τοὺς στάχυας,) rubbing them,”</span> &c. Now this +might have been an agreeable occupation for horses and for +another quadruped, no doubt; but hardly for men. This +curiosity, which (happily) proved indigestible to our Revisionists, +is nevertheless swallowed whole by Drs. Westcott +and Hort as genuine and wholesome Gospel. (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">O dura +Doctorum ilia!</span></span>)—But to proceed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then further, these preposterous Transpositions are of +such perpetual recurrence,—are so utterly useless or else so +exceedingly mischievous, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">always</span></em> so tasteless,—that familiarity +with the phenomenon rather increases than lessens our +astonishment. What <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></em> astonish us, however, is to find +learned men in the year of grace 1881, freely resuscitating +these long-since-forgotten <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bêtises</span></span> of long-since-forgotten +Critics, and seeking to palm them off upon a busy and a +careless age, as so many new revelations. That we may not +be thought to have shown undue partiality for the xxiind, +xxiiird, and xxivth chapters of S. Luke's Gospel by selecting +our instances of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Mutilation</span></em> from those three chapters, we +will now look for specimens of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Transposition</span></em> in the xixth +and xxth chapters of the same Gospel. The reader is +invited to collate the Text of the oldest uncials, throughout +these two chapters, with the commonly Received Text. He +will find that within the compass of 88 consecutive verses,<a id="noteref_343" name="noteref_343" href="#note_343"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">343</span></span></a> +codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d q</span></span> exhibit no less than 74 instances of Transposition:—for +39 of which, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is responsible:—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, for 14:—א +and א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>, for 4 each:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> and א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span>, for 3 each:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, for +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page095">[pg 095]</span><a name="Pg095" id="Pg095" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +2:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">q</span></span>, א A, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, each for 1.—In other words, he will +find that in no less than 44 of these instances of Transposition, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is implicated:—א, in 26:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, in 25:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, in 10:—while +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">q</span></span> are concerned in only one a-piece.... It should +be added that Drs. Westcott and Hort have adopted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one +of the 25 in which codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is concerned</span></em>—a significant indication +of the superstitious reverence in which they hold that +demonstrably corrupt and most untrustworthy document.<a id="noteref_344" name="noteref_344" href="#note_344"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">344</span></span></a> +Every other case of Transposition they have rejected. By +their own confession, therefore, 49 out of the 74 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> two-thirds +of the entire number) are instances of depravation. +We turn with curiosity to the Revised Version; and discover +that out of the 25 so retained, the Editors in question were +only able to persuade the Revisionists to adopt 8. So that, +in the judgment of the Revisionists, 66 out of 74, or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eleven-twelfths</span></em>, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page096">[pg 096]</span><a name="Pg096" id="Pg096" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +are instances of licentious tampering with the +deposit.... O to participate in the verifying faculty which +guided the teachers to discern in 25 cases of Transposition +out of 74, the genuine work of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>! O, far +more, to have been born with that loftier instinct which +enabled the pupils (Doctors Roberts and Milligan, Newth +and Moulton, Vance Smith and Brown, Angus and Eadie) to +winnow out from the entire lot exactly 8, and to reject the +remaining 66 as nothing worth! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +According to our own best judgment, (and we have carefully +examined them all,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one</span></em> of the 74 is worthless. +But then <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we</span></em> make it our fundamental rule to reason always +from grounds of external Evidence,—never from postulates of +the Imagination. Moreover, in the application of our rule, +we begrudge no amount of labour: reckoning a long summer's +day well spent if it has enabled us to ascertain the truth +concerning one single controverted word of Scripture. Thus, +when we find that our Revisionists, at the suggestion of +Dr. Hort, have transposed the familiar Angelic utterance (in +S. Luke xxiv. 7), λέγων ὅτι δεῖ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου παραδοθῆναι,—into +this, λέγων τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ὅτι δεῖ, &c., +we at once enquire for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the evidence</span></em>. And when we find that +no single Father, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> single Version, and no Codex—except +the notorious א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>—advocates the proposed transposition; +but on the contrary that every Father (from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150 downwards) +who quotes the place, quotes it as it stands in the +Textus receptus;<a id="noteref_345" name="noteref_345" href="#note_345"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">345</span></span></a>—we have no hesitation whatever in +rejecting it. It is found in the midst of a very thicket of +fabricated readings. It has nothing whatever to recommend +it. It is condemned by the consentient voice of Antiquity. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page097">[pg 097]</span><a name="Pg097" id="Pg097" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +It is advocated only by four copies,—which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> combine +exclusively, except to misrepresent the truth of Scripture +and to seduce the simple. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the foregoing, which is a fair typical sample of countless +other instances of unauthorized Transposition, may not +be dismissed without a few words of serious remonstrance. +Our contention is that, inasmuch as the effect of such transposition +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is incapable of being idiomatically represented in the English +language</span></em>,—(for, in all such cases, the Revised Version +retains the rendering of the Authorized,)—our Revisionists +have violated the spirit as well as the letter of their instructions, +in putting forth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a new Greek Text</span></em>, and silently introducing +into it a countless number of these and similar +depravations of Scripture. These Textual curiosities (for +they are nothing more) are absolutely out of place in a +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revision of the English Version</span></span>: achieve no lawful purpose: +are sure to mislead the unwary. This first.—Secondly, we +submit that,—strong as, no doubt, the temptation must have +been, to secure the sanction of the N. T. Revisionists for their +own private Recension of the Greek, (printed long since, but +published simultaneously with the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Version”</span>)—it is +to be regretted that Drs. Westcott and Hort should have +yielded thereto. Man's impatience never promotes <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> +Truth. The interests of Textual Criticism would rather have +suggested, that the Recension of that accomplished pair of +Professors should have been submitted to public inspection +in the first instance. The astonishing Text which it advocates +might have been left with comparative safety to take its +chance in the Jerusalem Chamber, after it had undergone +the searching ordeal of competent Criticism, and been freely +ventilated at home and abroad for a decade of years. But +on the contrary. It was kept close. It might be seen only +by the Revisers: and even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> were tied down to secrecy as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page098">[pg 098]</span><a name="Pg098" id="Pg098" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to the letter-press by which it was accompanied.... All +this strikes us as painful in a high degree. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VI. Hitherto we have referred almost exclusively to the +Gospels. In conclusion, we invite attention to our Revisionists' +treatment of 1 Tim. iii. 16—the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">crux criticorum</span></span>, +as Prebendary Scrivener styles it.<a id="noteref_346" name="noteref_346" href="#note_346"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">346</span></span></a> We cannot act more +fairly than by inviting a learned member of the revising +body to speak on behalf of his brethren. We shall in this +way ascertain the amount of acquaintance with the subject +enjoyed by some of those who have been so obliging as to +furnish the Church with a new Recension of the Greek of +the New Testament. Dr. Roberts says:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The English reader will probably be startled to find that +the familiar text,—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">And without controversy great is the mystery of +godliness</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">: </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">was manifest in the flesh</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> has been exchanged in +the Revised Version for the following,—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">And without controversy +great is the mystery of godliness; He who was manifested in the +flesh.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> A note on the margin states that </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">the word </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, in +place of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">He who</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, rests on no sufficient ancient evidence;</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and +it may be well that, in a passage of so great importance, the +reader should be convinced that such is the case.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">What, then, let us enquire, is the amount of evidence which +can be produced in support of the reading </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">? This is +soon stated. Not one of the early Fathers can be certainly +quoted for it. None of the very ancient versions support it. +No uncial witnesses to it, with the doubtful exception of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.... +But even granting that the weighty suffrage of the Alexandrian +manuscript is in favour of </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> far more evidence can be +produced in support of </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">who.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> א and probably </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> witness to this +reading, and it has also powerful testimony from the versions +and Fathers. Moreover, the relative </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">who</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> is a far more difficult +reading than </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and could hardly have been substituted +for the latter. On every ground, therefore, we conclude that +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page099">[pg 099]</span><a name="Pg099" id="Pg099" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +this interesting and important passage must stand as it has been +given in the Revised Version.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_347" name="noteref_347" href="#note_347"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">347</span></span></a> +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, having heard the learned Presbyterian on behalf +of his brother-Revisionists, we request that we may be ourselves +listened to in reply. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The place of Scripture before us, the Reader is assured, +presents a memorable instance of the mischief which occasionally +resulted to the inspired Text from the ancient +practice of executing copies of the Scriptures in uncial +characters. S. Paul <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly</span></em> wrote μέγα ἐστὶ τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας +μυστήριον; Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Great is the +mystery of godliness</span></span>: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested in the flesh</span></span>”</span>) But +it requires to be explained at the outset, that the holy Name +when abbreviated (which it always was), thus,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span>), +is only distinguishable from the relative pronoun <span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span> (ΟΣ), +by two horizontal strokes,—which, in manuscripts of early +date, it was often the practice to trace so faintly that at +present they can scarcely be discerned.<a id="noteref_348" name="noteref_348" href="#note_348"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">348</span></span></a> Need we go on? +An archetypal copy in which one or both of these slight +strokes had vanished from the word <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span>), gave rise +to the reading ΟΣ (<span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span>),—of which nonsensical substitute, +traces survive in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only two</span></em><a id="noteref_349" name="noteref_349" href="#note_349"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">349</span></span></a> manuscripts,—א and 17: not, for +certain, in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single</span></em> ancient Father,—no, nor for certain in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single</span></em> ancient Version. So transparent, in fact, is the +absurdity of writing τὸ μυστέριον ὅς (<span class="tei tei-q">“the mystery <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>”</span>), +that copyists promptly substituted ὅ (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>”</span>): thus furnishing +another illustration of the well-known property of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page100">[pg 100]</span><a name="Pg100" id="Pg100" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +a fabricated reading, viz. sooner or later inevitably to become +the parent of a second. Happily, to this second mistake +the sole surviving witness is the Codex Claromontanus, of +the VIth century (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>): the only Patristic evidence in its +favour being Gelasius of Cyzicus,<a id="noteref_350" name="noteref_350" href="#note_350"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">350</span></span></a> (whose date is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 476): +and the unknown author of a homily in the appendix to +Chrysostom.<a id="noteref_351" name="noteref_351" href="#note_351"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">351</span></span></a> The Versions—all but the Georgian and the +Slavonic, which agree with the Received Text—favour it +unquestionably; for they are observed invariably to make +the relative pronoun agree in gender with the word which +represents μυστήριον (<span class="tei tei-q">“mystery”</span>) which immediately precedes +it. Thus, in the Syriac Versions, ὅς (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>”</span>) is found,—but +only because the Syriac equivalent for μυστήριον is +of the masculine gender: in the Latin, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>”</span>)—but +only because <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">mysterium</span></span> in Latin (like μυστήριον in Greek) +is neuter. Over this latter reading, however, we need not +linger; seeing that ὅ does not find a single patron at the +present day. And yet, this was the reading which was eagerly +upheld during the last century: Wetstein and Sir Isaac +Newton being its most strenuous advocates. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is time to pass under hasty review the direct evidence +for the true reading. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> exhibited <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> until +ink, thumbing, and the injurious use of chemicals, obliterated +what once was patent. It is too late, by full 150 years, to +contend on the negative side of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> question.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>, +which exhibit <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> respectively, were confessedly +derived from a common archetype: in which archetype, it is +evident that the horizontal stroke which distinguishes Θ +from Ο must have been so faintly traced as to be scarcely +discernible. The supposition that, in this place, the stroke +in question represents <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the aspirate</span></em>, is scarcely admissible. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">There is no single example of</span></em> ὅς <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in any part of +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page101">[pg 101]</span><a name="Pg101" id="Pg101" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +either Cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or Cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>. On the other hand, in the only place +where ΟΣ represents <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>, it is written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in both</span></em>. Prejudice +herself may be safely called upon to accept the obvious +and only lawful inference. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To come to the point,—Θεός is the reading of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the +uncial copies extant but two</span></em> (viz. א which exhibits ὅς, and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> which exhibits ὅ), and of all the cursives <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but one</span></em> (viz. 17). +The universal consent of the Lectionaries proves that Θεός +has been read in all the assemblies of the faithful from the +IVth or Vth century of our era. At what earlier period of +her existence is it supposed then that the Church (<span class="tei tei-q">“the +witness and keeper of Holy Writ,”</span>) availed herself of her +privilege to substitute Θεός for ὅς or ὅ,—whether in error +or in fraud? Nothing short of a conspiracy, to which every +region of the Eastern Church must have been a party, would +account for the phenomenon. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We enquire next for the testimony of the Fathers; and +we discover that—(1) Gregory of Nyssa quotes Θεός <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twenty-two +times</span></em>:<a id="noteref_352" name="noteref_352" href="#note_352"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">352</span></span></a>—that Θεός is also recognized by (2) his namesake +of Nazianzus in two places;<a id="noteref_353" name="noteref_353" href="#note_353"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">353</span></span></a>—as well as by (3) Didymus +of Alexandria;<a id="noteref_354" name="noteref_354" href="#note_354"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">354</span></span></a>—(4) by ps.-Dionysius Alex.;<a id="noteref_355" name="noteref_355" href="#note_355"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">355</span></span></a>—and (5) +by Diodorus of Tarsus.<a id="noteref_356" name="noteref_356" href="#note_356"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">356</span></span></a>—(6) Chrysostom quotes 1 Tim. iii. +16 in conformity with the received text at least three times;<a id="noteref_357" name="noteref_357" href="#note_357"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">357</span></span></a>—and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page102">[pg 102]</span><a name="Pg102" id="Pg102" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(7) Cyril Al. as often:<a id="noteref_358" name="noteref_358" href="#note_358"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">358</span></span></a>—(8) Theodoret, four times:<a id="noteref_359" name="noteref_359" href="#note_359"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">359</span></span></a>—(9) +an unknown author of the age of Nestorius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 430), +once:<a id="noteref_360" name="noteref_360" href="#note_360"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">360</span></span></a>—(10) Severus, Bp. of Antioch (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 512), once.<a id="noteref_361" name="noteref_361" href="#note_361"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">361</span></span></a>—(11) +Macedonius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 506) patriarch of CP.,<a id="noteref_362" name="noteref_362" href="#note_362"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">362</span></span></a> of whom it +has been absurdly related that he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invented</span></em> the reading, is a +witness for Θεός perforce; so is—(12) Euthalius, and—(13) +John Damascene on two occasions.<a id="noteref_363" name="noteref_363" href="#note_363"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">363</span></span></a>—(14) An unknown +writer who has been mistaken for Athanasius,<a id="noteref_364" name="noteref_364" href="#note_364"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">364</span></span></a>—(15) besides +not a few ancient scholiasts, close the list: for we pass by +the testimony of—(16) Epiphanius at the 7th Nicene Council +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 787),—of (17) Œcumenius,—of (18) Theophylact. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It will be observed that neither has anything been said +about the many indirect allusions of earlier Fathers to this +place of Scripture; and yet some of these are too striking +to be overlooked: as when—(19) Basil, writing of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>, says αὐτὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί:<a id="noteref_365" name="noteref_365" href="#note_365"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">365</span></span></a>—and (20) Gregory +Thaum., καὶ ἔστι Θεὸς ἀληθινὸς ὁ ἄσαρκος ἐν σαρκὶ +φανερωθείς:<a id="noteref_366" name="noteref_366" href="#note_366"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">366</span></span></a>—and before him, (21) Hippolytus, οὗτος +προελθὼν εἰς κόσμον, Θεὸς ἐν σώματι ἐφανερώθη:<a id="noteref_367" name="noteref_367" href="#note_367"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">367</span></span></a>—and +(22) Theodotus the Gnostic, ὁ Σωτὴρ ὤφθη κατιὼν τοῖς +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page103">[pg 103]</span><a name="Pg103" id="Pg103" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +ἀγγέλοις:<a id="noteref_368" name="noteref_368" href="#note_368"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">368</span></span></a>—and (23) Barnabas, Ἰησοῦς ... ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ +Θεοῦ τύπῳ καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθείς:<a id="noteref_369" name="noteref_369" href="#note_369"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">369</span></span></a>—and earlier still (24) +Ignatius: Θεοῦ ἀνθρωπίνως φανερουμένον:—ἐν σαρκὶ γενόμενος +Θεός:—εἶς Θεὸς ἔστιν ὁ φανερώσοας ἑαυτὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ +Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ.<a id="noteref_370" name="noteref_370" href="#note_370"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">370</span></span></a>—Are we to suppose that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">none</span></em> of +these primitive writers read the place as we do? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Against this array of Testimony, the only evidence which the +unwearied industry of 150 years has succeeded in eliciting, +is as follows:—(1) The exploded <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin</span></em> fable that Macedonius +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 506) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invented</span></em> the reading:<a id="noteref_371" name="noteref_371" href="#note_371"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">371</span></span></a>—(2) the fact that +Epiphanius,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">professing to transcribe</span></em><a id="noteref_372" name="noteref_372" href="#note_372"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">372</span></span></a> from an earlier treatise +of his own<a id="noteref_373" name="noteref_373" href="#note_373"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">373</span></span></a> (in which ἐφανερώθη stands <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a nominative</span></em>), +prefixes ὅς:—(3) the statement of an unknown +scholiast, that in one particular place of Cyril's writings +where the Greek is lost, Cyril wrote ὅς,—(which seems to +be an entire mistake; but which, even if it were a fact, would +be sufficiently explained by the discovery that in two other +places of Cyril's writings the evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fluctuates</span></em> between ὅς +and Θεός):—(4) a quotation in an epistle of Eutherius of +Tyana (it exists only in Latin) where <span class="tei tei-q">“qui”</span> is found:—(5) +a casual reference (in Jerome's commentary on Isaiah) to +our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, as One <span class="tei tei-q">“qui apparuit in carne, justificatus est in +spiritu,”</span>—which Bp. Pearson might have written.—Lastly, (6) +a passage of Theodorus Mopsuest. (quoted at the Council +of Constantinople, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 553), where the reading is <span class="tei tei-q">“qui,”</span>—which +is balanced by the discovery that in another place +of his writings quoted at the same Council, the original is +translated <span class="tei tei-q">“quod.”</span> And this closes the evidence. Will any +unprejudiced person, on reviewing the premisses, seriously +declare that ὅς is the better sustained reading of the two? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page104">[pg 104]</span><a name="Pg104" id="Pg104" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For ourselves, we venture to deem it incredible that a +Reading which—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Is not to be found in more than two +copies (א and 17) of S. Paul's Epistles: which—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Is not +certainly supported by a single Version:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Nor is clearly +advocated by a single Father,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">can</span></em> be genuine. It does not at +all events admit of question, that until <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">far</span></em> stronger evidence +can be produced in its favour, ὅς (<span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span>) may on no account +be permitted to usurp the place of the commonly received +Θεός (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span>) of 1 Tim. iii. 16. But the present exhibits in a +striking and instructive way all the characteristic tokens of +a depravation of the text. (1st) At an exceedingly early +period it resulted in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">another</span></em> deflection. (2nd) It is without +the note of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Continuity</span></em>; having died out of the Church's +memory well-nigh 1400 years ago. (3rd) It is deficient in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Universality</span></em>; having been all along denied the Church's corporate +sanction. As a necessary consequence, (4th) It rests +at this day on wholly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insufficient Evidence</span></em>: Manuscripts, +Versions, Fathers being <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> against it. (5th) It carries on +its front its own refutation. For, as all must see, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> might +easily be mistaken for ΟΣ: but in order to make ΟΣ into +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two horizontal lines must of set purpose be added to the +copy</span></em>. It is therefore a vast deal <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more likely</span></em> that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> became +ΟΣ, than that ΟΣ became <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>. (6th) Lastly, it is condemned +by internal considerations. Ὅς is in truth so grossly improbable—rather, +so <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">impossible</span></em>—a reading, that under any +circumstances we must have anxiously enquired whether no +escape from it was discoverable: whether there exists no +way of explaining <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how</span></em> so patent an absurdity as μυστέριον +ὅς <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> have arisen? And on being reminded that the +disappearance of two faint horizontal strokes, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or even of one</span></em>, +would fully account for the impossible reading,—(and thus +much, at least, all admit,)—should we not have felt that it +required an overwhelming consensus of authorities in favour +of ὅς, to render such an alternative deserving of serious +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page105">[pg 105]</span><a name="Pg105" id="Pg105" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +attention? It is a mere abuse of Bengel's famous axiom +to recal it on occasions like the present. We shall be landed +in a bathos indeed if we allow <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gross improbability</span></em> to become a +constraining motive with us in revising the sacred Text. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus much for the true reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16. We +invite the reader to refer back<a id="noteref_374" name="noteref_374" href="#note_374"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">374</span></span></a> to a Reviser's estimate of +the evidence in favour of Θεός and ὅς respectively, and to +contrast it with our own. If he is impressed with the +strength of the cause of our opponents,—their mastery of the +subject,—and the reasonableness of their contention,—we +shall be surprised. And yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> is not the question just +now before us. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> question (be it clearly remembered) +which has to be considered, is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>:—Can it be said +with truth that the <span class="tei tei-q">“evidence”</span> for ὅς (as against Θεός) +in 1 Tim. iii. 16 is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clearly preponderating</span></em>”</span>? Can it be +maintained that Θεός is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>”</span>? Unless +this can be affirmed—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">cadit quæstio</span></span>. The traditional reading +of the place ought to have been let alone. May we be +permitted to say without offence that, in our humble judgment, +if the Church of England, at the Revisers' bidding, +were to adopt this and thousands of other depravations of +the sacred page,<a id="noteref_375" name="noteref_375" href="#note_375"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">375</span></span></a>—with which the Church Universal was once +well acquainted, but which in her corporate character she has +long since unconditionally condemned and abandoned,—she +would deserve to be pointed at with scorn by the rest of +Christendom? Yes, and to have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> openly said of her +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page106">[pg 106]</span><a name="Pg106" id="Pg106" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which S. Peter openly said of the false teachers of his day +who fell back into the very errors which they had already +abjured. The place will be found in 2 S. Peter ii. 22. So singularly +applicable is it to the matter in hand, that we can but +invite attention to the quotation on our title-page and p. 1. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And here we make an end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +1. Those who may have taken up the present Article in +expectation of being entertained with another of those discussions +(of which we suspect the public must be already +getting somewhat weary), concerning the degree of ability +which the New Testament Revisionists have displayed in +their rendering into English of the Greek, will at first experience +disappointment. Readers of intelligence, however, who +have been at the pains to follow us through the foregoing +pages, will be constrained to admit that we have done more +faithful service to the cause of Sacred Truth by the course +we have been pursuing, than if we had merely multiplied +instances of incorrect and unsatisfactory <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Translation</span></em>. There +is (and this we endeavoured to explain at the outset) a question +of prior interest and far graver importance which has to +be settled <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">first</span></em>, viz. the degree of confidence which is due to +the underlying <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">new Greek text</span></span> which our Revisionists have +constructed. In other words, before discussing their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">new +Renderings</span></em>, we have to examine their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">new Readings</span></em>.<a id="noteref_376" name="noteref_376" href="#note_376"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">376</span></span></a> The +silence which Scholars have hitherto maintained on this part +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page107">[pg 107]</span><a name="Pg107" id="Pg107" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of the subject is to ourselves scarcely intelligible. But it makes +us the more anxious to invite attention to this neglected aspect +of the problem; the rather, because we have thoroughly convinced +ourselves that the <span class="tei tei-q">“new Greek Text”</span> put forth by the +Revisionists of our Authorized Version is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">utterly inadmissible</span></em>. +The traditional Text has been departed from by them +nearly 6000 times,—almost invariably <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the worse</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +2. Fully to dispose of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> these multitudinous corruptions +would require a bulky Treatise. But the reader is requested +to observe that, if we are right in the few instances we +have culled out from the mass,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then we are right in all</span></em>. If +we have succeeded in proving that the little handful of +authorities on which the <span class="tei tei-q">“new Greek Text”</span> depends, are the +reverse of trustworthy,—are absolutely misleading,—then, +we have cut away from under the Revisionists the very +ground on which they have hitherto been standing. And in +that case, the structure which they have built up throughout +a decade of years, with such evident self-complacency, collapses +<span class="tei tei-q">“like the baseless fabric of a vision.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +3. For no one may flatter himself that, by undergoing +a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">further</span></em> process of <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision,”</span> the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Version”</span> may +after all be rendered trustworthy. The eloquent and excellent +Bishop of Derry is <span class="tei tei-q">“convinced that, with all its undeniable +merits, it will have to be somewhat extensively revised.”</span> +And so perhaps are we. But (what is a far more important +circumstance) we are further convinced that a prior act of +penance to be submitted to by the Revisers would be the +restoration of the underlying Greek Text to very nearly—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not +quite</span></em>—the state in which they found it when they entered +upon their ill-advised undertaking. <span class="tei tei-q">“Very nearly—not +quite:”</span> for, in not a few particulars, the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus receptus”</span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></em> call for Revision, certainly; although Revision on +entirely different principles from those which are found to +have prevailed in the Jerusalem Chamber. To mention a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page108">[pg 108]</span><a name="Pg108" id="Pg108" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +single instance:—When our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> first sent forth His Twelve +Apostles, it was certainly no part of His ministerial commission +to them to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">raise the dead</span></em>”</span> (νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε, S. +Matthew x. 8). This is easily demonstrable. Yet is the +spurious clause retained by our Revisionists; because it is +found in those corrupt witnesses—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span>, and the Latin +copies.<a id="noteref_377" name="noteref_377" href="#note_377"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">377</span></span></a> When will men learn unconditionally to put away +from themselves the weak superstition which is for investing +with oracular authority the foregoing quaternion of demonstrably +depraved Codices? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +4. <span class="tei tei-q">“It may be said”</span>—(to quote again from Bp. Alexander's +recent Charge),—<span class="tei tei-q">“that there is a want of modesty in dissenting +from the conclusions of a two-thirds majority of a body +so learned. But the rough process of counting heads imposes +unduly on the imagination. One could easily name <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight</span></em> +in that assembly, whose <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unanimity</span></em> would be practically +almost decisive; but we have no means of knowing that +these did not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">form the minority</span></em> in resisting the changes +which we most regret.”</span> The Bishop is speaking of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></em> Revision. Having regard to the Greek Text exclusively, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we</span></em> also (strange to relate) had singled out <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exactly eight</span></em> +from the members of the New Testament company—Divines +of undoubted orthodoxy, who for their splendid scholarship +and proficiency in the best learning, or else for their refined +taste and admirable judgment, might (as we humbly think), +under certain safeguards, have been safely entrusted even with +the responsibility of revising the Sacred Text. Under the +guidance of Prebendary Scrivener (who among living Englishmen +is <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">facile princeps</span></span> in these pursuits) it is scarcely to be +anticipated that, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">when unanimous</span></span>, such Divines would ever +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page109">[pg 109]</span><a name="Pg109" id="Pg109" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have materially erred. But then, of course, a previous life-long +familiarity with the Science of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Textual Criticism</span></em>, or at +least leisure for prosecuting it now, for ten or twenty years, +with absolutely undivided attention,—would be the indispensable +requisite for the success of such an undertaking; and +this, undeniably, is a qualification rather to be desiderated +than looked for at the hands of English Divines of note at +the present day. On the other hand, (loyalty to our Master +constrains us to make the avowal,) the motley assortment of +names, twenty-eight in all, specified by Dr. Newth, at p. 125 +of his interesting little volume, joined to the fact that the +average attendance <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was not so many as sixteen</span></em>,—concerning +whom, moreover, the fact has transpired that some of the +most judicious of their number often <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">declined to give any +vote at all</span></em>,—is by no means calculated to inspire any sort of +confidence. But, in truth, considerable familiarity with these +pursuits may easily co-exist with a natural inaptitude for +their successful cultivation, which shall prove simply fatal. +In support of this remark, one has but to refer to the +instance supplied by Dr. Hort. The Sacred Text has none +to fear so much as those who <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">feel</span></em> rather than think: who +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">imagine</span></em> rather than reason: who rely on a supposed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">verifying +faculty</span></em> of their own, of which they are able to render +no intelligible account; and who, (to use Bishop Ellicott's +phrase,) have the misfortune to conceive themselves possessed +of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">power of divining the Original Text</span></em>,”</span>—which would +be even diverting, if the practical result of their self-deception +were not so exceedingly serious. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +5. In a future number, we may perhaps enquire into the +measure of success which has attended the Revisers' <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revision +of the English</span></em> of our Authorized Version of 1611. We have +occupied ourselves at this time exclusively with a survey +of the seriously mutilated and otherwise grossly depraved +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">new Greek text</span></span>, on which their edifice has been reared. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page110">[pg 110]</span><a name="Pg110" id="Pg110" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +And the circumstance which, in conclusion, we desire to +impress upon our Readers, is this,—that the insecurity +of that foundation is so alarming, that, except as a concession +due to the solemnity of the undertaking just now +under review, further Criticism might very well be dispensed +with, as a thing superfluous. Even could it be proved +concerning the superstructure, that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it had been [ever so] well +builded</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_378" name="noteref_378" href="#note_378"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">378</span></span></a> (to adopt another of our Revisionists' unhappy perversions +of Scripture,) the fatal objection would remain, viz. +that it is not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">founded upon the rock</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_379" name="noteref_379" href="#note_379"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">379</span></span></a> It has been the ruin +of the present undertaking—as far as the Sacred Text is concerned—that +the majority of the Revisionist body have been +misled throughout by the oracular decrees and impetuous +advocacy of Drs. Westcott and Hort; who, with the purest +intentions and most laudable industry, have constructed a +Text demonstrably more remote from the Evangelic verity, +than any which has ever yet seen the light. <span class="tei tei-q">“The old is +good,”</span><a id="noteref_380" name="noteref_380" href="#note_380"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">380</span></span></a> say the Revisionists: but we venture solemnly to +assure them that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the old is better</span></em>;”</span><a id="noteref_381" name="noteref_381" href="#note_381"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">381</span></span></a> and that this remark +holds every bit as true of their Revision of the Greek +throughout, as of their infelicitous exhibition of S. Luke v. 39. +To attempt, as they have done, to build the Text of the New +Testament on a tissue of unproved assertions and the eccentricities +of a single codex of bad character, is about as hopeful +a proceeding as would be the attempt to erect an Eddystone +lighthouse on the Goodwin Sands. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page112">[pg 112]</span><a name="Pg112" id="Pg112" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a> +<a name="pdf8" id="pdf8"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Article II. The New English Version.</span></h1> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Such is the time-honoured Version which we have been called upon +to revise! We have had to study this great Version carefully and +minutely, line by line; and the longer we have been engaged upon it the +more we have learned to admire </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its simplicity</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its dignity</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its power</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its +happy turns of expression</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its general accuracy</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and we must not fail to +add, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the music of its cadences, and the felicities of its rhythm</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. To render +a work that had reached this high standard of excellence, still more +excellent; to increase its fidelity, without destroying its charm; was the +task committed to us.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Preface To the Revised Version.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">To pass from the one to the other, is, as it were, to alight from a +well-built and well-hung carriage which glides easily over a macadamized +road,—and to get into one </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">which has bad springs or none at all</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and in +which you are </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">jolted in ruts with aching bones over the stones of a newly-mended +and rarely traversed road</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, like some of the roads in our North +Lincolnshire villages.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Wordsworth.</span></span><a id="noteref_382" name="noteref_382" href="#note_382"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">382</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">No Revision at the present day could hope to meet with an hour's +acceptance if it failed to preserve the tone, rhythm, and diction of the +present Authorized Version.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_383" name="noteref_383" href="#note_383"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">383</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of +this Book,—If any man shall add unto these things, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> shall add unto +him the plagues that are written in this Book.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">And if any man shall take away from the words of the Book of +this prophecy, GOD shall take away his part out of the Book of Life, and +out of the holy City, and from the things which are written in this Book.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Revelation</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +xxii. 18, 19. +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Whatever may be urged in favour of Biblical Revision, it +is at least undeniable that the undertaking involves a tremendous +risk. Our Authorized Version is the one religious +link which at present binds together ninety millions of +English-speaking men scattered over the earth's surface. Is +it reasonable that so unutterably precious, so sacred a bond +should be endangered, for the sake of representing certain +words more accurately,—here and there translating a tense +with greater precision,—getting rid of a few archaisms? It +may be confidently assumed that no <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> of our +Authorized Version, however judiciously executed, will ever +occupy the place in public esteem which is actually enjoyed +by the work of the Translators of 1611,—the noblest literary +work in the Anglo-Saxon language. We shall in fact never +have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">another</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version.”</span> And this single consideration +may be thought absolutely fatal to the project, +except in a greatly modified form. To be brief,—As a +companion in the study and for private edification: as a +book of reference for critical purposes, especially in respect +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page114">[pg 114]</span><a name="Pg114" id="Pg114" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of difficult and controverted passages:—we hold that a +revised edition of the Authorized Version of our English +Bible, (if executed with consummate ability and learning,) +would at any time be a work of inestimable value. The +method of such a performance, whether by marginal Notes +or in some other way, we forbear to determine. But +certainly only as a handmaid is it to be desired. As something +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">intended to supersede</span></em> our present English Bible, we are +thoroughly convinced that the project of a rival Translation +is not to be entertained for a moment. For ourselves, we +deprecate it entirely. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On the other hand, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> could have possibly foreseen what +has actually come to pass since the Convocation of the +Southern Province (in Feb. 1870) declared itself favourable +to <span class="tei tei-q">“a Revision of the Authorized Version,”</span> and appointed a +Committee of Divines to undertake the work? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> was +to suppose that the Instructions given to the Revisionists +would be by them systematically disregarded? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> was +to imagine that an utterly untrustworthy <span class="tei tei-q">“new Greek Text,”</span> +constructed on mistaken principles,—(say rather, on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no +principles at all</span></em>,)—would be the fatal result? To speak +more truly,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> could have anticipated that the opportunity +would have been adroitly seized to inflict upon the +Church the text of Drs. Westcott and Hort, in all its +essential features,—a text which, as will be found elsewhere +largely explained, we hold to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the most vicious Recension of +the original Greek in existence</span></em>? Above all,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> was to +foresee that instead of removing <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clear errors</span></em>”</span> +from our Version, the Revisionists,—(besides systematically +removing out of sight so many of the genuine utterances of +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span>,)—would themselves introduce a countless number +of blemishes, unknown to it before? Lastly, how was it to +have been believed that the Revisionists would show themselves +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page115">[pg 115]</span><a name="Pg115" id="Pg115" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +industrious in sowing broadcast over four continents +doubts as to the Truth of Scripture, which it will never +be in their power either to remove or to recal? <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nescit vox +missa reverti.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For, the ill-advised practice of recording, in the margin of +an English Bible, certain of the blunders—(such things +cannot by any stretch of courtesy be styled <span class="tei tei-q">“Various Readings”</span>)—which +disfigure <span class="tei tei-q">“some”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“many”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient authorities,”</span> +can only result in hopelessly unsettling the faith of +millions. It cannot be defended on the plea of candour,—the +candour which is determined that men shall <span class="tei tei-q">“know the +worst.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-q">“The worst”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> has</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">not</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">been told</span></em>: and it were dishonesty +to insinuate that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it has</span></em>. If all the cases were faithfully +exhibited where <span class="tei tei-q">“a few,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“some,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“many ancient authorities”</span> +read differently from what is exhibited in the actual +Text, not only would the margin prove insufficient to contain +the record, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the very page itself</span></em> would not nearly suffice. +Take a single instance (the first which comes to mind), of +the thing referred to. Such illustrations might be multiplied +to any extent:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In S. Luke iii. 22, (in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou art my beloved Son; +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in Thee I am well pleased</span></em>,”</span>) the following authorities of +the IInd, IIIrd and IVth centuries, read,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this day have I +begotten Thee</span></em>:”</span> viz.—codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and the most ancient copies of +the old Latin (a, b, c, ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">-2</span></span>, 1),—Justin Martyr in three places<a id="noteref_384" name="noteref_384" href="#note_384"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">384</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 140),—Clemens Alex.<a id="noteref_385" name="noteref_385" href="#note_385"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">385</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190),—and Methodius<a id="noteref_386" name="noteref_386" href="#note_386"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">386</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 290) among the Greeks. Lactantius<a id="noteref_387" name="noteref_387" href="#note_387"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">387</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 300),—Hilary<a id="noteref_388" name="noteref_388" href="#note_388"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">388</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350),—Juvencus<a id="noteref_389" name="noteref_389" href="#note_389"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">389</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 330),—Faustus<a id="noteref_390" name="noteref_390" href="#note_390"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">390</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400), +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page116">[pg 116]</span><a name="Pg116" id="Pg116" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + and—Augustine<a id="noteref_391" name="noteref_391" href="#note_391"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">391</span></span></a> amongst the Latins. The reading in question +was doubtless derived from the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ebionite Gospel</span></em><a id="noteref_392" name="noteref_392" href="#note_392"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">392</span></span></a> (IInd cent.). +Now, we desire to have it explained to us <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> an exhibition +of the Text supported by such an amount of first-rate +primitive testimony as the preceding, obtains <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no notice whatever</span></em> +in our Revisionists' margin,—if indeed it was the object +of their perpetually recurring marginal annotations, to put +the unlearned reader on a level with the critical Scholar; +to keep nothing back from him; and so forth?... It +is the gross one-sidedness, the patent <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unfairness</span></em>, in a critical +point of view, of this work, (which professes to be nothing +else but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a Revision of the English Version of</span></em> 1611,)—which +chiefly shocks and offends us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For, on the other hand, of what possible use can it be +to encumber the margin of S. Luke x. 41, 42 (for example), +with the announcement that <span class="tei tei-q">“A few ancient authorities read +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Martha, Martha, thou art troubled: Mary hath chosen</span></em> &c.”</span> (the +fact being, that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone</span></em> of MSS. omits <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">careful and ... +about many things. But one thing is needful, and</span></em>”</span> ...)? +With the record of this circumstance, is it reasonable (we +ask) to choke up our English margin,—to create perplexity +and to insinuate doubt? The author of the foregoing +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page117">[pg 117]</span><a name="Pg117" id="Pg117" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +marginal Annotation was of course aware that the same +<span class="tei tei-q">“singular codex”</span> (as Bp. Ellicott styles cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) omits, in +S. Luke's Gospel alone, no less than 1552 words: and he will +of course have ascertained (by counting) that the words in +S. Luke's Gospel amount to 19,941. Why then did he not +tell <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole</span></em> truth; and instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">&c.</span></em>,”</span> proceed as follows?—<span class="tei tei-q">“But +inasmuch as cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is so scandalously corrupt that +about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one word in thirteen</span></em> is missing throughout, the absence +of nine words in this place is of no manner of importance or +significancy. The precious saying omitted is above suspicion, +and the first half of the present Annotation might have +been spared.”</span>... We submit that a Note like that, although +rather <span class="tei tei-q">“singular”</span> in style, really <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">would</span></em> have been to some +extent helpful,—if not to the learned, at least to the unlearned +reader. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, unlearned and learned readers alike +are competent to see that the foregoing perturbation of +S. Luke x. 41, 42 rests on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the same</span></em> manuscript authority +as the perturbation of ch. iii. 22, which immediately preceded +it. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Patristic</span></em> attestation, on the other hand, of the reading +which has been promoted to the margin, is almost <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nil</span></em>: +whereas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> of the neglected place has been shown to be +considerable, very ancient, and of high respectability. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in fact,—(let the Truth be plainly stated; for, when +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Word is at stake, circumlocution is contemptible, +while concealment would be a crime;)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Faithfulness</span></em>”</span> +towards the public, a stern resolve that the English reader +<span class="tei tei-q">“shall know the worst,”</span> and all that kind of thing,—such +considerations have had nothing whatever to do with the +matter. A vastly different principle has prevailed with the +Revisionists. Themselves the dupes of an utterly mistaken +Theory of Textual Criticism, their supreme solicitude has +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page118">[pg 118]</span><a name="Pg118" id="Pg118" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to impose that same Theory</span></em>,—(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which is Westcott and +Hort's</span></em>,)—with all its bitter consequences, on the unlearned +and unsuspicious public. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We shall of course be indignantly called upon to explain +what we mean by so injurious—so damning—an imputation? +For all reply, we are content to refer to the sample of our +meaning which will be found below, in pp. <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref">137-8</a>. The exposure +of what has there been shown to be the method of the +Revisionists in respect of S. Mark vi. 11, might be repeated +hundreds of times. It would in fact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fill a volume</span></em>. We shall +therefore pass on, when we have asked the Revisionists in +turn—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">How they have dared</span></em> so effectually to blot out those +many precious words from the Book of Life, that no mere +English reader, depending on the Revised Version for his +knowledge of the Gospels, can by possibility suspect their +existence?... Supposing even that it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></em> the calamitous +result of their mistaken principles that they found themselves +constrained on countless occasions, to omit from their +Text precious sayings of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> and His Apostles,—what +possible excuse will they offer for not having preserved a +record of words so amply attested, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least in their margin</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Even so, however, the whole amount of the mischief which +has been effected by our Revisionists has not been stated. +For the Greek Text which they have invented proves to be +so hopelessly depraved throughout, that if it were to be +thrust upon the Church's acceptance, we should be a thousand +times worse off than we were with the Text which +Erasmus and the Complutensian,—Stephens, and Beza, and +the Elzevirs,—bequeathed to us upwards of three centuries +ago. On this part of the subject we have remarked at length +already [pp. <a href="#Pg001" class="tei tei-ref">1-110</a>]: yet shall we be constrained to recur once +and again to the underlying Greek Text of the Revisionists, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page119">[pg 119]</span><a name="Pg119" id="Pg119" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +inasmuch as it is impossible to stir in any direction with the +task before us, without being painfully reminded of its existence. +Not only do the familiar Parables, Miracles, Discourses +of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, trip us up at every step, but we cannot open +the first page of the Gospel—no, nor indeed read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the first line</span></em>—without +being brought to a standstill. Thus, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +1. S. Matthew begins,—<span class="tei tei-q">“The book of the generation of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus Christ</span></span>”</span> (ver. 1).—Good. But here the margin volunteers +two pieces of information: first,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">birth</span></em>: as in +ver. 18.”</span> We refer to ver. 18, and read—<span class="tei tei-q">“Now the birth of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus Christ</span></span> was on this wise.”</span> Good again; but the +margin says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">generation</span></em>: as in ver. 1.”</span> Are we then +to understand that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the same Greek word</span></em>, diversely rendered +in English, occurs in both places? We refer to the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">new</span></em> +Greek Text:”</span> and there it stands,—γένεσις in either verse. +But if the word be the same, why (on the Revisers' theory) +is it diversely rendered? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> knows not that there is all the +difference in the world between S. Matthew's γέΝΕσις, in +ver. 1,—and the same S. Matthew's γέΝΝΗσις, in ver. 18? +The latter, the Evangelist's announcement of the circumstances +of the human Nativity of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>: the former, the +Evangelist's unobtrusive way of recalling the Septuagintal +rendering of Gen. ii. 4 and v. 1:<a id="noteref_393" name="noteref_393" href="#note_393"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">393</span></span></a> the same Evangelist's +calm method of guiding the devout and thoughtful student +to discern in the Gospel the History of the <span class="tei tei-q">“new Creation,”</span>—by +thus providing that when first the Gospel opens its lips, it +shall syllable the name of the first book of the elder Covenant? +We are pointing out that it more than startles—it +supremely offends—one who is even slenderly acquainted +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page120">[pg 120]</span><a name="Pg120" id="Pg120" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +with the treasures of wisdom hid in the very diction of the +N. T. Scriptures, to discover that a deliberate effort has been +made to get rid of the very foremost of those notes of Divine +intelligence, by confounding two words which all down the +ages have been carefully kept distinct; and that this effort +is the result of an exaggerated estimate of a few codices +which happen to be written in the uncial character, viz. +two of the IVth century (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א); one of the Vth (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>); two of +the VIth (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">p z</span></span>); one of the IXth (Δ); one of the Xth (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">s</span></span>). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Versions<a id="noteref_394" name="noteref_394" href="#note_394"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">394</span></span></a>—(which are our <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">oldest</span></em> witnesses)—are +perforce only partially helpful here. Note however, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +only one which favours</span></em> γένεσις is the heretical Harkleian +Syriac, executed in the VIIth century. The Peschito and +Cureton's Syriac distinguish between γένεσις in ver. 1 and +γέννησις in ver. 18: as do the Slavonic and the Arabian +Versions. The Egyptian, Armenian, Æthiopic and Georgian, +have only one word for both. Let no one suppose however +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> their testimony is ambiguous. It is γέννησις +(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> γένεσις) which they exhibit, both in ver. 1 and in ver. 18.<a id="noteref_395" name="noteref_395" href="#note_395"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">395</span></span></a> +The Latin (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">generatio</span></span>”</span>) is an equivocal rendering certainly: +but the earliest Latin writer who quotes the two places, +(viz. Tertullian) employs the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">genitura</span></span>”</span> in S. Matth. +i. 1,—but <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">nativitas</span></span>”</span> in ver. 18,—which no one seems to +have noticed.<a id="noteref_396" name="noteref_396" href="#note_396"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">396</span></span></a> Now, Tertullian, (as one who sometimes +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page121">[pg 121]</span><a name="Pg121" id="Pg121" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +wrote in Greek,) is known to have been conversant with +the Greek copies of his day; and <span class="tei tei-q">“his day,”</span> be it remembered, +is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190. He evidently recognized the parallelism +between S. Matt. i. 1 and Gen. ii. 4,—where the old Latin +exhibits <span class="tei tei-q">“liber <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">creaturæ</span></em>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facturæ</span></em>,”</span> as the rendering of +βίβλος γενέσεως. And so much for the testimony of the +Versions. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But on reference to Manuscript and to Patristic authority<a id="noteref_397" name="noteref_397" href="#note_397"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">397</span></span></a> +we are encountered by an overwhelming amount of testimony +for γέννησις in ver. 18: and this, considering the +nature of the case, is an extraordinary circumstance. Quite +plain is it that the Ancients were wide awake to the difference +between spelling the word with one N or with two,—as +the little dissertation of the heretic Nestorius<a id="noteref_398" name="noteref_398" href="#note_398"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">398</span></span></a> in itself +would be enough to prove. Γέννησις, in the meantime, is +the word employed by Justin M.,<a id="noteref_399" name="noteref_399" href="#note_399"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">399</span></span></a>—by Clemens Alex.,<a id="noteref_400" name="noteref_400" href="#note_400"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">400</span></span></a>—by +Athanasius,<a id="noteref_401" name="noteref_401" href="#note_401"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">401</span></span></a>—by Gregory of Nazianzus,<a id="noteref_402" name="noteref_402" href="#note_402"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">402</span></span></a>—by Cyril Alex.,<a id="noteref_403" name="noteref_403" href="#note_403"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">403</span></span></a>—by +Nestorius,<a id="noteref_404" name="noteref_404" href="#note_404"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">404</span></span></a>—by Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_405" name="noteref_405" href="#note_405"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">405</span></span></a>—by Theodorus +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page122">[pg 122]</span><a name="Pg122" id="Pg122" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Mopsuest.,<a id="noteref_406" name="noteref_406" href="#note_406"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">406</span></span></a>—and by three other ancients.<a id="noteref_407" name="noteref_407" href="#note_407"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">407</span></span></a> Even more deserving +of attention is it that Irenæus<a id="noteref_408" name="noteref_408" href="#note_408"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">408</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 170)—(whom Germanus<a id="noteref_409" name="noteref_409" href="#note_409"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">409</span></span></a> +copies at the end of 550 years)—calls attention to +the difference between the spelling of ver. 1 and ver. 18. +So does Didymus:<a id="noteref_410" name="noteref_410" href="#note_410"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">410</span></span></a>—so does Basil:<a id="noteref_411" name="noteref_411" href="#note_411"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">411</span></span></a>—so does Epiphanius.<a id="noteref_412" name="noteref_412" href="#note_412"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">412</span></span></a>—Origen<a id="noteref_413" name="noteref_413" href="#note_413"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">413</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 210) is even eloquent on the subject.—Tertullian +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190) we have heard already.—It is a significant +circumstance, that the only Patristic authorities discoverable +on the other side are Eusebius, Theodoret, and the authors +of an heretical Creed<a id="noteref_414" name="noteref_414" href="#note_414"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">414</span></span></a>—whom Athanasius holds up to scorn.<a id="noteref_415" name="noteref_415" href="#note_415"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">415</span></span></a> +... Will the Revisionists still pretend to tell us that γέννησις +in verse 18 is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +2. This, however, is not all. Against the words <span class="tei tei-q">“of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus +Christ</span></span>,”</span> a further critical annotation is volunteered; to the +effect that <span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the Christ</span></em>.”</span> In +reply to which, we assert that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one single known MS.</span></em> +omits the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>:”</span> whilst its presence is vouched for +by ps.-Tatian,<a id="noteref_416" name="noteref_416" href="#note_416"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">416</span></span></a>—Irenæus,—Origen,—Eusebius,—Didymus,— Epiphanius,—Chrysostom,—Cyril,—in +addition to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +known Greek copy of the Gospels</span></em>, and not a few of the Versions, +including the Peschito and both the Egyptian. What else +but nugatory therefore is such a piece of information as this? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +3. And so much for the first, second, and third Critical +annotations, with which the margin of the revised N. T. is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page123">[pg 123]</span><a name="Pg123" id="Pg123" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +disfigured. Hoping that the worst is now over, we read on +till we reach ver. 25, where we encounter a statement +which fairly trips us up: viz.,—<span class="tei tei-q">“And knew her not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">till she +had brought forth a son</span></em>.”</span> No intimation is afforded of what +has been here effected; but in the meantime every one's +memory supplies the epithet (<span class="tei tei-q">“her first-born”</span>) which has +been ejected. Whether something very like indignation is +not excited by the discovery that these important words +have been surreptitiously withdrawn from their place, let +others say. For ourselves, when we find that only א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b z</span></span> +and two cursive copies can be produced for the omission, +we are at a loss to understand of what the Revisionists can +have been dreaming. Did they know<a id="noteref_417" name="noteref_417" href="#note_417"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">417</span></span></a> that,—besides the +Vulgate, the Peschito and Philoxenian Syriac, the Æthiopic, +Armenian, Georgian, and Slavonian Versions,<a id="noteref_418" name="noteref_418" href="#note_418"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">418</span></span></a>—a whole +torrent of Fathers are at hand to vouch for the genuineness +of the epithet they were so unceremoniously excising? +They are invited to refer to ps.-Tatian,<a id="noteref_419" name="noteref_419" href="#note_419"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">419</span></span></a>—to Athanasius,<a id="noteref_420" name="noteref_420" href="#note_420"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">420</span></span></a>—to +Didymus,<a id="noteref_421" name="noteref_421" href="#note_421"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">421</span></span></a>—to Cyril of Jer.,<a id="noteref_422" name="noteref_422" href="#note_422"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">422</span></span></a>—to Basil,<a id="noteref_423" name="noteref_423" href="#note_423"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">423</span></span></a>—to Greg. Nyss.,<a id="noteref_424" name="noteref_424" href="#note_424"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">424</span></span></a>—to +Ephraem Syr.,<a id="noteref_425" name="noteref_425" href="#note_425"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">425</span></span></a>—to Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_426" name="noteref_426" href="#note_426"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">426</span></span></a>—to Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_427" name="noteref_427" href="#note_427"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">427</span></span></a>—to +Proclus,<a id="noteref_428" name="noteref_428" href="#note_428"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">428</span></span></a>—to Isidorus Pelus.,<a id="noteref_429" name="noteref_429" href="#note_429"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">429</span></span></a>—to John Damasc.,<a id="noteref_430" name="noteref_430" href="#note_430"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">430</span></span></a>—to +Photius,<a id="noteref_431" name="noteref_431" href="#note_431"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">431</span></span></a>—to Nicetas:<a id="noteref_432" name="noteref_432" href="#note_432"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">432</span></span></a>—besides, of the Latins, Ambrose,<a id="noteref_433" name="noteref_433" href="#note_433"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">433</span></span></a>—the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus imp.</span></span>,—Augustine,—and not least to Jerome<a id="noteref_434" name="noteref_434" href="#note_434"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">434</span></span></a>—eighteen +Fathers in all. And how is it possible, (we ask,) +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page124">[pg 124]</span><a name="Pg124" id="Pg124" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that two copies of the IVth century (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א) and one of the +VIth (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">z</span></span>)—all three without a character—backed by a few +copies of the old Latin, should be supposed to be any +counterpoise at all for such an array of first-rate contemporary +evidence as the foregoing? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Enough has been offered by this time to prove that an +authoritative Revision of the Greek Text will have to precede +any future Revision of the English of the New Testament. +Equally certain is it that for such an undertaking +the time has not yet come. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is my honest conviction,”</span>—(remarks +Bp. Ellicott, the Chairman of the Revisionists,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“that +for any authoritative Revision, we are not yet mature: +either in Biblical learning or Hellenistic scholarship.”</span><a id="noteref_435" name="noteref_435" href="#note_435"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">435</span></span></a> +The same opinion precisely is found to have been cherished +by Dr. Westcott till <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">within about a year-and-a-half</span></em><a id="noteref_436" name="noteref_436" href="#note_436"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">436</span></span></a> of the +first assembling of the New Testament Company in the +Jerusalem Chamber, 22nd June, 1870. True, that we enjoy +access to—suppose from 1000 to 2000—more <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">manuscripts</span></span> +than were available when the Textus Recept. was formed. But +nineteen-twentieths of those documents, for any use which +has been made of them, might just as well be still lying in +the monastic libraries from which they were obtained.—True, +that four out of our five oldest uncials have come to light +since the year 1628; but, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who knows how to use them</span></em>?—True, +that we have made acquaintance with certain ancient +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, about which little or nothing was known 200 +years ago: but,—(with the solitary exception of the Rev. +Solomon Cæsar Malan, the learned Vicar of Broadwindsor,—who, +by the way, is always ready to lend a torch to his +benighted brethren,)—what living Englishman is able to tell +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page125">[pg 125]</span><a name="Pg125" id="Pg125" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +us what they all contain? A smattering acquaintance with +the languages of ancient Egypt,—the Gothic, Æthiopic, Armenian, +Georgian and Slavonian Versions,—is of no manner +of avail. In no department, probably, is <span class="tei tei-q">“a little learning”</span> +more sure to prove <span class="tei tei-q">“a dangerous thing.”</span>—True, lastly, that +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span> have been better edited within the last 250 +years: during which period some fresh Patristic writings +have also come to light. But, with the exception of Theodoret +among the Greeks and Tertullian among the Latins, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which of the Fathers has been satisfactorily indexed</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Even what precedes is not nearly all. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The fundamental +Principles</span></em> of the Science of Textual Criticism are not yet +apprehended. In proof of this assertion, we appeal to the +new Greek Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort,—which, beyond +all controversy, is more hopelessly remote from the inspired +Original than any which has yet appeared. Let a generation +of Students give themselves entirely up to this neglected +branch of sacred Science. Let 500 more <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span> of the +Gospels, Acts, and Epistles, be diligently collated. Let at +least 100 of the ancient <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectionaries</span></em> be very exactly collated +also. Let the most important of the ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> be +edited afresh, and let the languages in which these are +written be for the first time really <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mastered</span></em> by Englishmen. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Above all, let the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> he called upon to give up their +precious secrets.</span></em> Let their writings be ransacked and indexed, +and (where needful) let the MSS. of their works be diligently +inspected, in order that we may know what actually +is the evidence which they afford. Only so will it ever be +possible to obtain a Greek Text on which absolute reliance +may be placed, and which may serve as the basis for a +satisfactory Revision of our Authorized Version. Nay, let +whatever unpublished works of the ancient Greek Fathers are +anywhere known to exist,—(and not a few precious remains +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page126">[pg 126]</span><a name="Pg126" id="Pg126" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of theirs are lying hid in great national libraries, both at +home and abroad,)—let these be printed. The men could +easily be found: the money, far more easily.—When all this +has been done,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not before</span></em>—then in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Name, let <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +Church</span></em> address herself to the great undertaking. Do but +revive the arrangements which were adopted in King James's +days: and we venture to predict that less than a third part +of ten years will be found abundantly to suffice for the work. +How the coming men will smile at the picture Dr. Newth<a id="noteref_437" name="noteref_437" href="#note_437"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">437</span></span></a> +has drawn of what was the method of procedure in the reign +of Queen Victoria! Will they not peruse with downright +merriment Bp. Ellicott's jaunty proposal <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simply to proceed +onward with the work</span></em>”</span>—[to wit, of constructing a new Greek +Text,]—<span class="tei tei-q">“in fact, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">solvere ambulando</span></span>,”</span> [<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">necnon in laqueum +cadendo</span></span>]?<a id="noteref_438" name="noteref_438" href="#note_438"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">438</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I. We cannot, it is presumed, act more fairly by the +Revisers' work,<a id="noteref_439" name="noteref_439" href="#note_439"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">439</span></span></a> than by following them over some of the +ground which they claim to have made their own, and +which, at the conclusion of their labours, their Right +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page127">[pg 127]</span><a name="Pg127" id="Pg127" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Reverend Chairman evidently surveys with self-complacency. +First, he invites attention to the Principle and Rule for +their guidance agreed to by the Committee of Convocation +(25th May, 1870), viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">To introduce as few alterations +as possible into the Text of the Authorized Version, +consistently with faithfulness</span></span>.”</span> Words could not be more +emphatic. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Plain and clear errors</span></span>”</span> were to be corrected. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Necessary</span></span> emendations”</span> were to be made. But (in the +words of the Southern Convocation) <span class="tei tei-q">“We do not contemplate +any new Translation, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or any alteration of the language</span></em>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">except where</span></span>, in the judgment of the most competent +Scholars, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">such change is necessary</span></span>.”</span> The watchword, +therefore, given to the company of Revisionists was,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Necessity</span></span>.”</span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Necessity</span></em> was to determine whether they were +to depart from the language of the Authorized Version, or +not; for the alterations were to be <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">as few as possible</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Now it is idle to deny that this fundamental Principle +has been utterly set at defiance. To such an extent is +this the case, that even an unlettered Reader is competent to +judge them. When we find <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to</span></em>”</span> substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“unto”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">passim</span></span>):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hereby</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“by this”</span> (1 Jo. v. 2):—<span class="tei tei-q">“all that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em>,”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“all that be”</span> (Rom. i. 7):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alway</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“always”</span> (2 Thess. +i. 3):—<span class="tei tei-q">“we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>”</span> +(1 Thess. iv. 15); and yet <span class="tei tei-q">“every spirit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“every +spirit that”</span> (1 Jo. iv. 3), and <span class="tei tei-q">“he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> is not of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“he +that is not of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (ver. 6,—although <span class="tei tei-q">“he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> knoweth <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> +had preceded, in the same verse):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></em> host”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“mine host”</span> +(Rom. xvi. 23); and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">underneath</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">under</span></em>”</span> (Rev. vi. 9):—it +becomes clear that the Revisers' notion of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">necessity</span></span> +is not that of the rest of mankind. But let the plain Truth +be stated. Certain of them, when remonstrated with by their +fellows for the manifest disregard they were showing to the +Instructions subject to which they had undertaken the work +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page128">[pg 128]</span><a name="Pg128" id="Pg128" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of Revision, are reported to have even gloried in their +shame. The majority, it is clear, have even ostentatiously +set those Instructions at defiance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Was the course they pursued,—(we ask the question +respectfully,)—strictly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">honest</span></em>? To decline the work entirely +under the prescribed Conditions, was always in their power. +But, first to accept the Conditions, and straightway to +act in defiance of them,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> strikes us as a method of +proceeding which it is difficult to reconcile with the high +character of the occupants of the Jerusalem Chamber. To +proceed however. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Nevertheless”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“notwithstanding”</span> have had a sad +time of it. One or other of them has been turned out in +favour of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">howbeit</span></em>”</span> (S. Lu. x. 11, 20),—of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em>”</span> (Phil. iii. 16),—of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only that</span></em>”</span> (i. 18),—of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yet</span></em>”</span> (S. Matth. xi. 11),—of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but</span></em>”</span> +(xvii. 27),—of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and yet</span></em>”</span> (James ii. 16).... We find <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">take heed</span></em>”</span> +substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“beware”</span> (Col. ii. 8):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">custom</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“manner”</span> +(S. Jo. xix. 40):—<span class="tei tei-q">“he was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">amazed</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“he was astonished:”</span> +(S. Lu. v. 9):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Is it I, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">?</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, is it I?”</span> (S. Matth. +xxvi. 22):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">straightway</span></em> the cock crew,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“immediately +the cock crew”</span> (S. Jo. xviii. 27):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Then <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore he delivered +Him</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“Then delivered he Him therefore”</span> (xix. 16):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">brought</span></em> +it to His mouth,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“put it to His mouth”</span> (ver. 29):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He +manifested Himself on this wise</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“on this wise +shewed He Himself”</span> (xxi. 1):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">So when they got out upon the +land</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“As soon then as they were come to land”</span> (ver. 9):—<span class="tei tei-q">“the +things <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">concerning</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“the things pertaining to the +kingdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Acts i. 3):—<span class="tei tei-q">“as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> steward</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“as +the steward of God”</span> (Tit. i. 7): but <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">belly of the whale</span></em>”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“the whale's belly”</span> (S. Matth. xii. 40), and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">device of man</span></em>”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“man's device”</span> in Acts xvii. 29.—These, and hundreds of +similar alterations have been evidently made out of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page129">[pg 129]</span><a name="Pg129" id="Pg129" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +merest wantonness. After substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“then”</span> +(as the rendering of οὖν) a score of times,—the Revisionists +quite needlessly substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“therefore”</span> in S. Jo. xix. +42.—And why has the singularly beautiful greeting of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +elder unto the well-beloved Gaius,”</span> been exchanged for <span class="tei tei-q">“unto +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Gaius the beloved</span></em>”</span>? (3 John, ver. 1). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) We turn a few pages, and find <span class="tei tei-q">“he that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doeth</span></em> sin,”</span> +substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“he that committeth sin;”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To this end</span></em>”</span> put +in the place of <span class="tei tei-q">“For this purpose”</span> (1 Jo. iii. 8):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have beheld</span></em>”</span> +and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bear witness</span></em>,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“have seen and do testify”</span> (iv. 14):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hereby</span></em>”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“by this”</span> (v. 2):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Judas</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“Jude”</span> (Jude +ver. 1), although <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Mark</span></em>”</span> was substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“Marcus”</span> (in +1 Pet. v. 13), and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Timothy</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“Timotheus”</span> (in Phil. i. 1):—<span class="tei tei-q">“how +that they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">said to</span></em> you,”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“how that they told you”</span> +(Jude ver. 18).—But why go on? The substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exceedingly</span></em>”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“greatly”</span> in Acts vi. 7:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the birds</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“the fowls,”</span> +in Rev. xix. 21:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Almighty</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“Omnipotent”</span> in ver. 6:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">throw +down</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“cast down,”</span> in S. Luke iv. 29:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inner +chamber</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“closet,”</span> in vi. 6:—these are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“necessary”</span> +changes.... We will give but three instances more:—In +1 S. Pet. v. 9, <span class="tei tei-q">“whom <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">resist</span></em>, stedfast in the faith,”</span> has been +altered into <span class="tei tei-q">“whom <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">withstand</span></em>.”</span> But how is <span class="tei tei-q">“withstand”</span> a +better rendering for ἀντίστητε, than <span class="tei tei-q">“resist”</span>? <span class="tei tei-q">“Resist,”</span> at +all events, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was the Revisionists' word in S. Matth.</span></em> v. 39 +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and S. James</span></em> iv. 7.—Why also substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">race</span></em>”</span> (for <span class="tei tei-q">“the +kindred”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“of Joseph”</span> in Acts vii. 13, although γένος was +rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“kindred”</span> in iv. 6?—Do the Revisionists think +that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fastening their</span></em> eyes on him”</span> is a better rendering of +ἀτενίσαντες εἰς αὐτόν (Acts vi. 15) than <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">looking stedfastly</span></em> on +him”</span>? They certainly did not think so when they got to +xxiii. 1. There, because they found <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">earnestly beholding</span></em> the +council,”</span> they must needs alter the phrase into <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">looking +stedfastly</span></em>.”</span> It is clear therefore that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Caprice</span></em>, not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Necessity</span></em>,—an +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page130">[pg 130]</span><a name="Pg130" id="Pg130" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">itching impatience</span></em> to introduce changes into the A. V., not +the discovery of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>”</span>—has determined +the great bulk of the alterations which molest us in every +part of the present unlearned and tasteless performance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +II. The next point to which the Revisionists direct our +attention is their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">new Greek text</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“the necessary foundation +of”</span> their work. And here we must renew our protest against +the wrong which has been done to English readers by the +Revisionists' disregard of the IVth Rule laid down for their +guidance, viz. that, whenever they adopted a new Textual +reading, such alteration was to be <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">indicated in the margin</span></em>.”</span> +This <span class="tei tei-q">“proved inconvenient,”</span> say the Revisionists. Yes, we +reply: but only because you saw fit, in preference, to choke +up your margin with a record of the preposterous readings +you did <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> admit. Even so, however, the thing might to +some extent have been done, if only by a system of signs +in the margin wherever a change in the Text had been by +yourselves effected. And, at whatever <span class="tei tei-q">“inconvenience,”</span> you +were bound to do this,—partly because the Rule before you +was express: but chiefly in fairness to the English Reader. +How comes it to pass that you have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> furnished him +with the information you stood pledged to furnish; but have +instead, volunteered in every page information, worthless +in itself, which can only serve to unsettle the faith of unlettered +millions, and to suggest unreasonable as well as +miserable doubts to the minds of all? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For no one may for an instant imagine that the marginal +statements of which we speak are a kind of equivalent for +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apparatus Criticus</span></span> which is found in every principal +edition of the Greek Testament—excepting always that of +Drs. Westcott and Hort. So far are we from deprecating +(with Daniel Whitby) the multiplication of <span class="tei tei-q">“Various Readings,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page131">[pg 131]</span><a name="Pg131" id="Pg131" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that we rejoice in them exceedingly; knowing that +they are the very foundation of our confidence and the secret +of our strength. For this reason we consider Dr. Tischendorf's +last (8th) edition to be furnished with not nearly +enough of them, though he left all his predecessors (and +himself in his 7th edition) far behind. Our quarrel with the +Revisionists is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> by any means that they have commemorated +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">actual</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative Readings”</span> in their margin: but +that, while they have given prominence throughout to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">patent +Errors</span></em>, they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have unfairly excluded all mention of,—have not +made the slightest allusion to,—hundreds of Readings which +ought in fact rather to have stood in the Text</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The marginal readings, which our Revisers have been so +ill-advised as to put prominently forward, and to introduce +to the Reader's notice with the vague statement that they are +sanctioned by <span class="tei tei-q">“Some”</span> (or by <span class="tei tei-q">“Many”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient authorities,”</span>—are +specimens <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">arbitrarily selected</span></em> out of an immense mass; +are magisterially recommended to public attention and +favour; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seem</span></em> to be invested with the sanction and authority +of Convocation itself. And this becomes a very serious +matter indeed. No hint is given <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> be the <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient +Authorities”</span> so referred to:—nor what proportion they bear +to the <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient Authorities”</span> producible on the opposite side:—nor +whether they are the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient Authorities”</span> obtainable:—nor +what amount of attention their testimony may +reasonably claim. But in the meantime a fatal assertion is +hazarded in the Preface (iii. 1.), to the effect that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in cases +where </span><span class="tei tei-q">“it would not be safe to accept one Reading to the absolute +exclusion of others,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative Readings”</span></em> have been given <span class="tei tei-q">“in +the margin.”</span> So that the <span class="tei tei-q">“Agony and bloody sweat”</span> of the +World's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Redeemer</span></span> (Lu. xxii. 43, 44),—and His Prayer for His +murderers (xxiii. 34),—and much beside of transcendent +importance and inestimable value, may, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">according to our +Revisionists</span></em>, prove to rest upon no foundation whatever. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page132">[pg 132]</span><a name="Pg132" id="Pg132" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +At all events, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it would not be safe</span></em>,”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it is not safe</span></em>) to place +absolute reliance on them. Alas, how many a deadly blow +at Revealed Truth hath been in this way aimed with fatal +adroitness, which no amount of orthodox learning will ever +be able hereafter to heal, much less to undo! Thus,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) From the first verse of S. Mark's Gospel we are +informed that <span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities omit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Son of +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>.”</span> Why are we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> informed that every known uncial +Copy <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">except one of bad character</span></em>,—every cursive <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but two</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +Version</span></em>,—and the following Fathers,—all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contain</span></em> the +precious clause: viz. Irenæus,—Porphyry,—Severianus of +Gabala,—Cyril Alex.,—Victor Ant.,—and others,—besides +Ambrose and Augustine among the Latins:—while the supposed +adverse testimony of Serapion and Titus, Basil and +Victorinus, Cyril of Jer. and Epiphanius, proves to be all +a mistake? To speak plainly, since the clause is above +suspicion, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why are we not rather told so?</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) In the 3rd verse of the first chapter of S. John's +Gospel, we are left to take our choice between,—<span class="tei tei-q">“without +Him was not anything made that hath been made. In him +was life; and the life,”</span> &c.,—and the following absurd alternative,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Without +him was not anything made. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That which +hath been made was life in him</span></em>; and the life,”</span> &c. But we +are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> informed that this latter monstrous figment is known +to have been the importation of the Gnostic heretics in the +IInd century, and to be as destitute of authority as it is of +sense. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why is prominence given only to the lie?</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) At S. John iii. 13, we are informed that the last clause +of that famous verse (<span class="tei tei-q">“No man hath ascended up to heaven, +but He that came down from heaven, even the Son of Man—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which +is in heaven</span></em>”</span>), is not found in <span class="tei tei-q">“many ancient authorities.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page133">[pg 133]</span><a name="Pg133" id="Pg133" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +But why, in the name of common fairness, are we not +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></em> reminded that this, (as will be found more fully explained +in the note overleaf,) is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a circumstance of no Textual significancy +whatever</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Why, above all, are we not assured that the precious clause +in question (ὁ ὢν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> found in every MS. in +the world, except five of bad character?—is recognized by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the Latin and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the Syriac versions; as well as by the +Coptic,—Æthiopic,—Georgian,—and Armenian?<a id="noteref_440" name="noteref_440" href="#note_440"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">440</span></span></a>—is either +quoted or insisted upon by Origen,<a id="noteref_441" name="noteref_441" href="#note_441"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">441</span></span></a>—Hippolytus,<a id="noteref_442" name="noteref_442" href="#note_442"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">442</span></span></a>—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_443" name="noteref_443" href="#note_443"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">443</span></span></a>—Didymus,<a id="noteref_444" name="noteref_444" href="#note_444"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">444</span></span></a>—Aphraates +the Persian,<a id="noteref_445" name="noteref_445" href="#note_445"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">445</span></span></a>—Basil the +Great,<a id="noteref_446" name="noteref_446" href="#note_446"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">446</span></span></a>—Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_447" name="noteref_447" href="#note_447"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">447</span></span></a>—Nonnus,—ps.-Dionysius Alex.,<a id="noteref_448" name="noteref_448" href="#note_448"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">448</span></span></a>—Eustathius;<a id="noteref_449" name="noteref_449" href="#note_449"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">449</span></span></a>—by +Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_450" name="noteref_450" href="#note_450"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">450</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_451" name="noteref_451" href="#note_451"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">451</span></span></a>—and Cyril,<a id="noteref_452" name="noteref_452" href="#note_452"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">452</span></span></a> +each 4 times;—by Paulus, Bishop of Emesa<a id="noteref_453" name="noteref_453" href="#note_453"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">453</span></span></a> (in a sermon +on Christmas Day, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431);—by Theodoras Mops.,<a id="noteref_454" name="noteref_454" href="#note_454"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">454</span></span></a>—Amphilochius,<a id="noteref_455" name="noteref_455" href="#note_455"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">455</span></span></a>—Severus,<a id="noteref_456" name="noteref_456" href="#note_456"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">456</span></span></a>—Theodorus Heracl.,<a id="noteref_457" name="noteref_457" href="#note_457"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">457</span></span></a>—Basilius +Cil.,<a id="noteref_458" name="noteref_458" href="#note_458"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">458</span></span></a>—Cosmas,<a id="noteref_459" name="noteref_459" href="#note_459"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">459</span></span></a>—John Damascene, in 3 places,<a id="noteref_460" name="noteref_460" href="#note_460"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">460</span></span></a>—and 4 +other ancient Greek writers;<a id="noteref_461" name="noteref_461" href="#note_461"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">461</span></span></a>—besides Ambrose,<a id="noteref_462" name="noteref_462" href="#note_462"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">462</span></span></a>—Novatian,<a id="noteref_463" name="noteref_463" href="#note_463"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">463</span></span></a>—Hilary,<a id="noteref_464" name="noteref_464" href="#note_464"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">464</span></span></a>—Lucifer,<a id="noteref_465" name="noteref_465" href="#note_465"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">465</span></span></a>—Victorinus,—Jerome,<a id="noteref_466" name="noteref_466" href="#note_466"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">466</span></span></a>—Cassian,—Vigilius,<a id="noteref_467" name="noteref_467" href="#note_467"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">467</span></span></a>—Zeno,<a id="noteref_468" name="noteref_468" href="#note_468"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">468</span></span></a>—Marius,<a id="noteref_469" name="noteref_469" href="#note_469"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">469</span></span></a>—Maximus +Taur.,<a id="noteref_470" name="noteref_470" href="#note_470"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">470</span></span></a>—Capreolus,<a id="noteref_471" name="noteref_471" href="#note_471"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">471</span></span></a>—Augustine, &c.:—is acknowledged by +Lachmann, Tregelles, Tischendorf: in short, is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quite above +suspicion</span></em>: why are we not told <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>? Those 10 Versions, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page134">[pg 134]</span><a name="Pg134" id="Pg134" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +those 38 Fathers, that host of Copies in the proportion of +995 to 5,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em>, concerning all these is there not so much +as a hint let fall that such a mass of counter-evidence +exists?<a id="noteref_472" name="noteref_472" href="#note_472"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">472</span></span></a>... Shame,—yes, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shame</span></em> on the learning which +comes abroad only to perplex the weak, and to unsettle the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page135">[pg 135]</span><a name="Pg135" id="Pg135" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +doubting, and to mislead the blind! Shame,—yes, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shame</span></em> +on that two-thirds majority of well-intentioned but most +incompetent men, who,—finding themselves (in an evil hour) +appointed to correct <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>”</span> in the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version,”</span>—occupied themselves instead with +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">falsifying the inspired Greek Text</span></em> in countless places, and +branding with suspicion some of the most precious utterances +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span>! Shame,—yes, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shame</span></em> upon them! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Why then, (it will of course be asked,) is the margin—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) +of S. Mark i. 1 and—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) of S. John i. 3, and—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) of S. +John iii. 13, encumbered after this discreditable fashion? +It is (we answer) only because <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Text of Drs. Westcott and +Hort</span></em> is thus depraved in all three places. Those Scholars +enjoy the unenviable distinction of having dared to expel +from S. John iii. 13 the words ὁ ὢν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, which +Lachmann, Tregelles and Tischendorf were afraid to touch. +Well may Dean Stanley have bestowed upon Dr. Hort the +epithet of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fearless</span></em>”</span>!... If report speaks truly, it is by the +merest accident that the clause in question still retains its +place in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Revised Text</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) Only once more. And this time we will turn to the +very end of the blessed volume. Against Rev. xiii. 18— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Here is wisdom. He that hath understanding, let him +count the number of the Beast; for it is the number of a +Man: and his number is six hundred and sixty and six.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Against this, we find noted,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities +read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six hundred and sixteen</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But why is not the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whole</span></em> Truth told? viz. why are we not +informed that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one</span></em> corrupt uncial (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one</span></em> cursive +copy (11):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one</span></em> Father (Tichonius): and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one</span></em> ancient +Version—advocates this reading?—which, on the contrary, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page136">[pg 136]</span><a name="Pg136" id="Pg136" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Irenæus (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 170) knew, but rejected; remarking that 666, +which is <span class="tei tei-q">“found in all the best and oldest copies and is +attested by men who saw John face to face,”</span> is unquestionably +the true reading.<a id="noteref_473" name="noteref_473" href="#note_473"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">473</span></span></a> Why is not the ordinary Reader +further informed that the same number (666) is expressly +vouched for by Origen,<a id="noteref_474" name="noteref_474" href="#note_474"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">474</span></span></a>—by Hippolytus,<a id="noteref_475" name="noteref_475" href="#note_475"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">475</span></span></a>—by Eusebius:<a id="noteref_476" name="noteref_476" href="#note_476"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">476</span></span></a>—as +well as by Victorinus—and Primasius,—not to mention +Andreas and Arethas? To come to the moderns, as a matter +of fact the established reading is accepted by Lachmann, +Tischendorf, Tregelles,—even by Westcott and Hort. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> +therefore—for what possible reason—at the end of 1700 +years and upwards, is this, which is so clearly nothing else +but an ancient slip of the pen, to be forced upon the attention +of 90 millions of English-speaking people? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Will Bishop Ellicott and his friends venture to tell us that +it has been done because <span class="tei tei-q">“it would not be safe to accept”</span> +666, <span class="tei tei-q">“to the absolute exclusion of”</span> 616?... <span class="tei tei-q">“We have +given <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alternative Readings</span></em> in the margin,”</span> (say they,) +<span class="tei tei-q">“wherever they seem to be of sufficient importance or +interest to deserve notice.”</span> Will they venture to claim +either <span class="tei tei-q">“interest”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“importance”</span> for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>? or pretend that it +is an <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative Reading”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at all</span></em>? Has it been rescued from +oblivion and paraded before universal Christendom in order +to perplex, mystify, and discourage <span class="tei tei-q">“those that have understanding,”</span> +and would fain <span class="tei tei-q">“count the number of the Beast,”</span> +if they were able? Or was the intention only to insinuate +one more wretched doubt—one more miserable suspicion—into +minds which have been taught (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and rightly</span></em>) to place +absolute reliance in the textual accuracy of all the gravest +utterances of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span>: minds which are utterly incapable +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page137">[pg 137]</span><a name="Pg137" id="Pg137" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of dealing with the subtleties of Textual Criticism; and, +from a one-sided statement like the present, will carry away +none but entirely mistaken inferences, and the most unreasonable +distrust?... Or, lastly, was it only because, in +their opinion, the margin of every Englishman's N. T. is the +fittest place for reviving the memory of obsolete blunders, +and ventilating forgotten perversions of the Truth?... We +really pause for an answer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) But serious as this is, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> serious (if possible) is the +unfair <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Suppression systematically practised</span></em> throughout the +work before us. <span class="tei tei-q">“We have given alternative Readings in +the margin,”</span>—(says Bishop Ellicott on behalf of his brother-Revisionists,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wherever +they seem to be of sufficient importance +or interest to deserve notice.</span></em>”</span> [iii. 1.] From which statement, +readers have a right to infer that whenever <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative +Readings”</span> are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“given in the margin,”</span> it is because +such Readings do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“seem to be of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sufficient importance or +interest to deserve notice</span></em>.”</span> Will the Revisionists venture to +tell us that,—(to take the first instance of unfair Suppression +which presents itself,)—our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>'s saying in S. Mark vi. 11 +is not <span class="tei tei-q">“of sufficient importance or interest to deserve +notice”</span>? We allude to the famous words,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Verily I say +unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah +in the day of judgment, than for that city:”</span>—words which +are not only omitted from the <span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version,”</span> but +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are not suffered to leave so much as a trace of themselves +in the margin</span></em>. And yet, the saying in question is attested +by the Peschito and the Philoxenian Syriac Versions: by the +Old Latin: by the Coptic, Æthiopic and Gothic Versions:—by +11 uncials and by the whole bulk of the cursives:—by +Irenæus and by Victor of Antioch. So that whether +Antiquity, or Variety of Attestation is considered,—whether +we look for Numbers or for Respectability,—the genuineness +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page138">[pg 138]</span><a name="Pg138" id="Pg138" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of the passage may be regarded as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certain</span></em>. Our complaint +however is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> that the Revisionists entertain a different +opinion on this head from ourselves: but that they give +the reader to understand that the state of the Evidence is +such, that it is quite <span class="tei tei-q">“safe to accept”</span> the shorter reading,—<span class="tei tei-q">“to +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">absolute exclusion</span></em> of the other.”</span>—So vast is +the field before us, that this single specimen of what we +venture to call <span class="tei tei-q">“unfair Suppression,”</span> must suffice. (Some +will not hesitate to bestow upon it a harsher epithet.) It +is in truth by far the most damaging feature of the work +before us, that its Authors should have so largely and so +seriously <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">falsified the Deposit</span></em>; and yet, (in clear violation +of the IVth Principle or Rule laid down for their guidance +at the outset,) have suffered no trace to survive in the margin +of the deadly mischief which they have effected. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +III. From the Text, the Revisionists pass on to the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Translation</span></span>; and surprise us by the avowal, that <span class="tei tei-q">“the +character of the Revision was determined for us from the +outset by the first Rule,—<span class="tei tei-q">‘to introduce as few alterations +as possible, consistently with faithfulness.’</span> Our task was +Revision, not Retranslation.”</span> (This is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">naïve</span></em> certainly.) They +proceed,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">If the meaning was fairly expressed by the word or phrase +that was before us in the Authorized Version, we made no +change, even where rigid adherence to </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the rule of Translating, as +far as possible, the same Greek word by the same English word</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> might +have prescribed some modification.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—[iii. 2 </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">init.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">] (The italics +are our own.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rule</span></em>”</span> thus introduced to our notice, we shall recur +by and by [pp. <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref">152-4</a>: also pp. <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref">187-202</a>]. We proceed +to remark on each of the five principal Classes of alterations +indicated by the Revisionists: and first,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Alterations +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page139">[pg 139]</span><a name="Pg139" id="Pg139" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +positively required by change of reading in the Greek Text”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) Thus, in S. John xii. 7, we find <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Suffer her to keep it</span></em> +against the day of my burying;”</span> and in the margin (as an +alternative), <span class="tei tei-q">“Let her alone: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it was that she might keep it</span></em>.”</span>—Instead +of <span class="tei tei-q">“as soon as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> heard the word,”</span>—we are invited +to choose between <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not heeding</span></em>,”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">overhearing</span></em> the word”</span> +(S. Mk. v. 36): these being intended for renderings of παρακούσας,—an +expression which S. Mark certainly never employed.—<span class="tei tei-q">“On +earth, peace among men <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in whom he is well +pleased</span></em>”</span> (S. Lu. ii. 14): where the margin informs us that +<span class="tei tei-q">“many ancient authorities read, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">good pleasure among men</span></em>.”</span> +(And why not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">good will</span></em>,”</span>—the rendering adopted in Phil. i. +15?) ... Take some more of the alterations which have +resulted from the adoption of a corrupt Text:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Why <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">askest +thou me concerning that which is good</span></em>?”</span> (Matth. xix. 17,—an +absurd fabrication).—<span class="tei tei-q">“He would fain <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have been filled</span></em> with the +husks,”</span> &c.... <span class="tei tei-q">“and I perish <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">here</span></em> with hunger!”</span> (χορτασθῆναι, +borrowed from Lu. xvi. 21: and εγΩΔΕωδε, a transparent +error: S. Luke xv. 16, 17).—<span class="tei tei-q">“When <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it shall fail</span></em>, they +may receive you into the eternal tabernacles”</span> (xvi. 9).——Elizabeth +<span class="tei tei-q">“lifted up her voice <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with a loud cry</span></em>”</span> (κραυγή—the +private property of three bad MSS. and Origen: Lu. i. +42).—<span class="tei tei-q">“And <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they stood still looking sad</span></em>”</span> (xxiv. 17,—a foolish +transcriptional blunder).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The multitude <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">went up</span></em> and began +to ask him,”</span> &c. (ἀναβάς for ἀναβοήσας, Mk. xv. 8).—<span class="tei tei-q">“But is +guilty of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an eternal sin</span></em>”</span> (iii. 29).—<span class="tei tei-q">“And the officers <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">received +Him</span></em> with blows of their hands,”</span>—marg. <span class="tei tei-q">“or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">strokes of rods</span></em>:”</span> +ΕΛΑΒΟΝ for ΕΒΑΛΟΝ (xiv. 65).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Else, that which should fill +it up taketh from it, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the new from the old</span></em>”</span> (ii. 21): and <span class="tei tei-q">“No +man <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rendeth a piece from a new garment</span></em> and putteth it upon +an old garment; else <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he will rend the new</span></em>,”</span> &c. (Lu. v. 36).—<span class="tei tei-q">“What +is this? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a new teaching!</span></em>”</span> (Mk. i. 27).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> saith +unto him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">If thou canst!</span></em>”</span> (Mk. ix. 23).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Because of your <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">little +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page140">[pg 140]</span><a name="Pg140" id="Pg140" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +faith</span></em>”</span>(Matth. xvii. 20).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">We must</span></em> work the works of Him +that sent Me, while it is day”</span> (Jo. ix. 4).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The man that is +called</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> made clay”</span> (ver. 11).—<span class="tei tei-q">“If ye shall ask <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Me anything +in My name</span></em>”</span> (xiv. 14).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The Father abiding in Me +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doeth His works</span></em>”</span> (xiv. 10).—<span class="tei tei-q">“If ye shall ask anything of the +Father, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He will give it you in My name</span></em>”</span> (xvi. 23).—<span class="tei tei-q">“I glorified +Thee on the earth, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">having accomplished the work</span></em> which Thou +hast given Me to do”</span> (xvii. 4).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Holy Father, keep them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in +Thy Name which</span></em> Thou hast given Me ... I kept them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in +Thy Name which</span></em> Thou hast given me”</span> (ver. 11, 12).—<span class="tei tei-q">“She +... saith unto Him <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in Hebrew</span></em>, Rabboni”</span> (xx. 16).—<span class="tei tei-q">“These +things said Isaiah, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because</span></em> he saw his glory”</span> (xii. 41,—ΟΤΙ for +ΟΤΕ, a common itacism).—<span class="tei tei-q">“In tables <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that are hearts of flesh</span></em>”</span> +(ἐν πλαξὶ καρδίαις σαρκίναις, a <span class="tei tei-q">“perfectly absurd reading,”</span> as +Scrivener remarks, p. 442: 2 Cor. iii. 3).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Now if</span></em> we put the +horses' bridles [and pray, why not <span class="tei tei-q">‘the horses' <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bits</span></em>’</span>?] into +their mouths”</span> (ΕΙΔΕ, an ordinary itacism for ΙΔΕ, James iii. 3).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Unto +the sick were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">carried away from his body</span></em> handkerchiefs,”</span> +&c. (Acts xix. 12).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ye know all things once for all</span></em>”</span> +(Jude ver. 5).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">We love</span></em> because he first loved us”</span> (1 Jo. iv. 19).—<span class="tei tei-q">“I +have found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no work of thine fulfilled</span></em> before my <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Rev. +iii. 2).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Seven Angels <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">arrayed with [precious] stone</span></em>”</span> (xv. 6), +instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“clothed in linen,”</span> λίθον for λίνον. (Fancy the +Angels <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clothed in stone</span></em>”</span>! <span class="tei tei-q">“Precious”</span> is an interpolation of +the Revisers).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dwelling in</span></em> the things which he hath seen:”</span> +for which the margin offers as an alternative, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">taking his stand +upon</span></em>”</span> (Colossians ii. 18). But ἐμβατεύων (the word here +employed) clearly means neither the one nor the other. +S. Paul is delivering a warning against unduly <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prying into</span></em> +the things <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> seen.”</span><a id="noteref_477" name="noteref_477" href="#note_477"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">477</span></span></a> A few MSS. of bad character omit the +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>.”</span> That is all!... These then are a handful of the less +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page141">[pg 141]</span><a name="Pg141" id="Pg141" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +conspicuous instances of a change in the English <span class="tei tei-q">“positively +required by a change of reading in the Greek Text:”</span> every +one of them being either a pitiful blunder or else a gross +fabrication.—Take only two more: <span class="tei tei-q">“I neither know, nor +understand: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thou, what sayest thou?</span></em>”</span> (Mk. xiv. 68 margin):—<span class="tei tei-q">“And +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whither I go, ye know the way</span></em>”</span> (Jo. xiv. 4).... The +A. V. is better in every instance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) and (3) Next, alterations made because the A. V. +<span class="tei tei-q">“appeared to be incorrect”</span> or else <span class="tei tei-q">“obscure.”</span> They must +needs be such as the following:—<span class="tei tei-q">“He that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is bathed</span></em> needeth +not save to wash his feet”</span> (S. John xiii. 10).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, if he is +fallen asleep <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he will recover</span></em>”</span> (σωθήσεται, xi. 12).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Go ye +therefore into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the partings of the highways</span></em>”</span> (Matth. xxii. 9).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Being +grieved at <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the hardening</span></em> of their heart”</span> (Mk. iii. 5).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Light +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a lamp</span></em> and put it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the stand</span></em>”</span> (Matt. v. 15).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Sitting +at <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the place of toll</span></em>”</span> (ix. 9).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The supplication of a righteous +man availeth much <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in its working</span></em>”</span> (James v. 16).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Awake +up <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">righteously</span></em>”</span> (1 Cor. xv. 34).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Guarded</span></em> through faith unto +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a salvation</span></em>”</span> (1 Pet. i. 5).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Wandering in ... <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the holes of +the earth</span></em>”</span> (Heb. xi. 38—very queer places certainly to be +<span class="tei tei-q">“wandering”</span> in).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">She that is in Babylon</span></em>, elect together +with you, saluteth you”</span> (1 Pet. v. 13).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Therefore do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">these +powers work in Him</span></em>”</span> (Matth. xiv. 2).—<span class="tei tei-q">“In danger of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hell of fire</span></em>”</span> (v. 22).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Put out</span></em> into the deep”</span> (Luke v. 4).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The +tomb that Abraham bought for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a price in silver</span></em>”</span> (Acts +vii. 16). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +With reference to every one of these places, (and they are +but samples of what is to be met with in every page,) we venture +to assert that they are either <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">less</span></em> intelligible, or else <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> +inaccurate, than the expressions which they are severally intended +to supersede; while, in some instances, they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em>. +Will any one seriously contend that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the hire of wrong-doing</span></em>”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page142">[pg 142]</span><a name="Pg142" id="Pg142" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is better than <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the wages of unrighteousness</span></em>”</span> (2 Pet. ii. 15)? +or, will he venture to deny that, <span class="tei tei-q">“Come and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">dine</span></em>”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“so when +they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had dined</span></em>,”</span>—is a hundred times better than <span class="tei tei-q">“Come and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">break your fast</span></em>”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“so when they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had broken their fast</span></em>”</span> (Jo. +xxi. 12, 15)?—expressions which are only introduced because +the Revisionists were ashamed (as well they might be) to +write <span class="tei tei-q">“breakfast”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“breakfasted.”</span> The seven had not been +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fasting</span></em>.”</span> Then, why introduce so incongruous a notion here,—any +more than into S. Luke xi. 37, 38, and xiv. 12? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Has the reader any appetite for more specimens of <span class="tei tei-q">“incorrectness”</span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">remedied</span></em> and <span class="tei tei-q">“obscurity”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">removed</span></em>? Rather, as +it seems, have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> been largely imported into a Translation +which was singularly intelligible before. Why darken Rom. +vii. 1 and xi. 2 by introducing the interrogative particle, +and then, by mistranslating it <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Or</span></em>”</span>?—Also, why translate +γένος <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">race</span></em>”</span>? (<span class="tei tei-q">“a man of Cyprus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by race</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“a man of Pontus +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by race</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“an Alexandrian <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by race</span></em>,”</span> Acts iv. 36: xviii. 2, 24).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">If</span></em> +there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body,”</span> +say the Revisionists: <span class="tei tei-q">“O death, where is thy victory? O <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">death</span></em> +where is thy sting?”</span> (Could they not let even 1 Cor. xv. 44 +and 55 alone?)—Why alter <span class="tei tei-q">“For the bread of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He</span></em>,”</span> into +<span class="tei tei-q">“For the bread of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> which cometh down from +Heaven”</span>? (Jo. vi. 33).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">As long as I am</span></em> in the world,”</span> was +surely better than <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">When I am</span></em> in the world, I am the light +of the world”</span> (ix. 5).—Is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He went forth out of</span></em> their hand”</span> +supposed to be an improvement upon <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He escaped out of</span></em> their +hand”</span>? (x. 39): and is <span class="tei tei-q">“They loved <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the glory</span></em> of men more +than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the glory</span></em> of GOD”</span> an improvement upon <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">praise</span></em>”</span>? +(xii. 43).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Judas saith unto Him, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what is come to pass</span></em> +that Thou wilt manifest Thyself to us”</span>? Is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> supposed to +be an improvement upon xiv. 22?—How is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">If then</span></em>”</span> an +improvement on <span class="tei tei-q">“Forasmuch then”</span> in Acts xi. 17?—or how +is this endurable in Rom. vii. 15,—<span class="tei tei-q">“For that which I do, I +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page143">[pg 143]</span><a name="Pg143" id="Pg143" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">know</span></em> not: for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not what I would, that do I practise</span></em>:”</span>—or this, +in xvi. 25, <span class="tei tei-q">“The mystery which hath been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">kept in silence +through times eternal</span></em>, but now is manifested,”</span> &c.—<span class="tei tei-q">“Thou +therefore, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my child</span></em>,”</span>—addressing the Bishop of Ephesus +(2 Tim. ii. 1): and <span class="tei tei-q">“Titus, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my true child</span></em>,”</span>—addressing the +Bishop of Crete (Tit. i. 4). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Are the following deemed improvements? <span class="tei tei-q">“Every one +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doeth</span></em> sin doeth also <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lawlessness: and sin is lawlessness</span></em>”</span> +(1 Jo. iii. 4): <span class="tei tei-q">“I will <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">move</span></em> thy candlestick out of its place”</span> +(Rev. ii. 5):—<span class="tei tei-q">“a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">glassy</span></em> sea”</span> (iv. 6):—<span class="tei tei-q">“a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">great</span></em> voice”</span> (v. 12):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Verily, +not of Angels <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doth He take hold</span></em>, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He taketh hold</span></em> +of the seed of Abraham:”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">took hold of</span></em> the blind man by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the hand</span></em>:”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“They <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">took hold of him</span></em> and brought him unto the +Areopagus”</span> (Heb. ii. 16: S. Mk. viii. 23: Acts xvii. 19):—<span class="tei tei-q">“wherefore +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> is not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ashamed of them</span></em>, to be called their +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Acts xi. 16):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Counted it not a prize</span></em> to be on an +equality with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Phil. ii. 6).—Why are we to substitute +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">court</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“palace”</span> in Matth. xxvi. 3 and Lu. xi. 21? (Consider +Matth. xii. 29 and Mk. iii. 27).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Women received +their dead <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by a resurrection</span></em>”</span> (Heb. xi. 35):—<span class="tei tei-q">“If ye forgive +not every one <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his brother from their hearts</span></em>”</span> (Matth. xviii. 35):—<span class="tei tei-q">“If +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because of meat</span></em> thy brother is grieved, thou walkest <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no +longer in love</span></em>”</span> (Rom. xiv. 15):—<span class="tei tei-q">“which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, who cannot +lie, promised <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">before times eternal</span></em>; but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in his own seasons</span></em> +manifested <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his word in the message</span></em>”</span> (Tit. i. 2, 3):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Your +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pleasures</span></em> [and why not <span class="tei tei-q">‘lusts’</span>?] that war in your members”</span> +(James iv. 1):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Behold <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how much wood</span></em> is kindled by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how +small a fire</span></em>!”</span> (iii. 5).—Are these really supposed to be less +<span class="tei tei-q">“obscure”</span> than the passages they are intended to supersede? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Not a few of the mistaken renderings of the Revisionists +can only be established by an amount of illustration which +is at once inconvenient to the Reviewer and unwelcome probably +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page144">[pg 144]</span><a name="Pg144" id="Pg144" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to the general Reader. Thus, we take leave to point out +that,—<span class="tei tei-q">“And <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coming up</span></em> at that very hour”</span> (in Lu. ii. 38),—as +well as <span class="tei tei-q">“she <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">came up</span></em> to Him”</span> (in Lu. x. 40), are inexact +renderings of the original. The verb ἐφιστάναι, which +etymologically signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“to stand upon,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“over,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“by,”</span>—(but +which retains its literal signification on only four out of +the eighteen occasions<a id="noteref_478" name="noteref_478" href="#note_478"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">478</span></span></a> when the word occurs in the Gospels +and Acts,)—is found almost invariably to denote the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coming +suddenly upon</span></em>”</span> a person. Hence, it is observed to be used +five times to denote the sudden appearance of friendly +visitants from the unseen world:<a id="noteref_479" name="noteref_479" href="#note_479"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">479</span></span></a> and seven times, the +sudden hostile approach of what is formidable.<a id="noteref_480" name="noteref_480" href="#note_480"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">480</span></span></a> On the +two remaining occasions, which are those before us,—(namely, +the sudden coming of Anna into the Temple<a id="noteref_481" name="noteref_481" href="#note_481"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">481</span></span></a> and +of Martha into the presence of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>,<a id="noteref_482" name="noteref_482" href="#note_482"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">482</span></span></a>)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coming suddenly +in</span></em>”</span> would probably represent S. Luke's ἐπιστᾶσα +exactly. And yet, one would hesitate to import the word +<span class="tei tei-q">“suddenly”</span> into the narrative. So that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coming in</span></em>”</span> would +after all have to stand in the text, although the attentive +student of Scripture would enjoy the knowledge that something +more is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">implied</span></em>. In other words,—the Revisionists +would have done better if they had left both places alone.... +These are many words; yet is it impossible to explain +such matters at once satisfactorily and briefly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) But more painful by far it is to discover that a +morbid striving after etymological accuracy,—added to a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page145">[pg 145]</span><a name="Pg145" id="Pg145" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +calamitous preference for a depraved Text,—has proved the +ruin of one of the most affecting scenes in S. John's Gospel. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Simon Peter beckoneth to him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and saith unto him, Tell us +who it is of whom He speaketh</span></em>”</span> [a fabulous statement evidently; +for Peter beckoned, because he might <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> speak]. +<span class="tei tei-q">“He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leaning back, as he was</span></em>,”</span>—[a very bad rendering of οὕτως, +by the way; and sure to recal inopportunely the rendering +of ὡς ἦν in S. Mark iv. 36, instead of suggesting (as it +obviously ought) the original of S. John iv. 6:]—<span class="tei tei-q">“on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>' +breast, saith unto Him, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> who is it?”</span> (S. John xiii. 24-5). +Now, S. John's word concerning himself in this place is +certainly ἐπιπεσών. He <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">just sank</span></em>”</span>—let his head <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fall</span></em>”</span>—on +his Master's breast, and whispered his question. For this, a +few corrupt copies substitute ἀναπεσών. But ἀναπεσών <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> +means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leaning back</span></em>.”</span> It is descriptive of the posture of one +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reclining at a meal</span></em> (S. Jo. xiii. 12). Accordingly, it is 10 times +rendered by the Revisionists to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sit down</span></em>.”</span> Why, in this +place, and in chapter xxi. 20, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a new meaning</span></em> is thrust upon +the word, it is for the Revisionists to explain. But they +must explain the matter a vast deal better than Bp. Lightfoot +has done in his interesting little work on Revision (pp. 72-3), +or they will fail to persuade any,—except one another. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Thus it happens that we never spend half-an-hour +over the unfortunate production before us without exclaiming +(with one in the Gospel), <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The old is better</span></em>.”</span> Changes of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> +sort are unwelcome in such a book as the Bible; but the +discovery that changes have been made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the worse</span></em>, offends +greatly. To take instances at random:—'Ὁ πλεῖστος ὄχλος +(in Matth. xxi. 8) is rightly rendered in our A. V. <span class="tei tei-q">“a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very great</span></em> +multitude.”</span><a id="noteref_483" name="noteref_483" href="#note_483"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">483</span></span></a> Why then has it been altered by the R. V. into +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page146">[pg 146]</span><a name="Pg146" id="Pg146" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the most part of</span></em> the multitude”</span>?—Ὁ πολὺς ὄχλος (Mk. xii. +37), in like manner, is rightly rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the common people</span></em>,”</span> +and ought not to have been glossed in the margin <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the great +multitude</span></em>.”</span>—In the R. V. of Acts x. 15, we find <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Make</span></em> thou +not common,”</span> introduced as an improvement on, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That call</span></em> +not thou common.”</span> But <span class="tei tei-q">“the old is better:”</span> for, besides its +idiomatic and helpful <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em>,”</span>—the old alone states the case +truly. Peter did not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">make</span></em>,”</span> he only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">called</span></em>,”</span> something +<span class="tei tei-q">“common.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“All the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">male</span></em> children,”</span> as a translation of πάντας +τοὺς παῖδας (in Matth. ii. 16) is an unauthorized statement. +There is no reason for supposing that the female infants of +Bethlehem were spared in the general massacre: and the +Greek certainly conveys no such information.—<span class="tei tei-q">“When he +came into the house, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">spake first</span></em> to him”</span>—is really an +incorrect rendering of Matth. xvii. 25: at least, it imports +into the narrative a notion which is not found in the Greek, +and does not exhibit faithfully what the Evangelist actually +says. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Anticipated</span></em>,”</span> in modern English,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prevented</span></em>,”</span> in +ancient phraseology,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was beforehand with him</span></em>”</span> in language +neither new nor old,—conveys the sense of the original +exactly.—In S. Lu. vi. 35, <span class="tei tei-q">“Love your enemies, ... and lend, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never despairing</span></em>,”</span> is simply a mistaken translation of ἀπελπίζοντες, +as the context sufficiently proves. The old rendering +is the true one.<a id="noteref_484" name="noteref_484" href="#note_484"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">484</span></span></a> And so, learnedly, the Vulgate,—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">nihil inde +sperantes</span></span>. (Consider the use of ἀποβλέπειν [Heb. xi. 26]: +ἀφορᾶν [Phil. ii. 23: Heb. xii. 2]: <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">abutor</span></span>, as used by Jerome +for <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">utor</span></span>, &c.)—<span class="tei tei-q">“Go with them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">making no distinction</span></em>”</span> is not the +meaning of Acts xi. 12: which, however, was correctly translated +before, viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“nothing doubting.”</span>—The mischievous change +(<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">save</span></em>”</span> in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“but”</span>) in Gal. ii. 16 has been ably and +faithfully exposed by Bp. Ollivant. In the words of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page147">[pg 147]</span><a name="Pg147" id="Pg147" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +learned and pious Bp. of Lincoln, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is illogical and erroneous, +and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contradicts the whole drift of S. Paul's Argument</span></em> in that +Epistle, and in the Epistle to the Romans.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) We should be dealing insincerely with our Readers were +we to conceal our grave dissatisfaction at not a few of the +novel <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">expressions</span></em> which the Revisionists have sought to +introduce into the English New Testament. That the +malefactors between whom <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> of glory”</span> was crucified +were not ordinary <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thieves</span></em>”</span> is obvious; yet would it have +been wiser, we think, to leave the old designation undisturbed. +We shall never learn to call them <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">robbers</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“The +king sent forth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a soldier of his guard</span></em>”</span> is a gloss—not a +translation of S. Mark vi. 27. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">An executioner</span></em>”</span> surely is far +preferable as the equivalent for σπεκουλάτωρ!<a id="noteref_485" name="noteref_485" href="#note_485"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">485</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Assassins</span></em>”</span> +(as the rendering of σικάριοι) is an objectionable substitute +for <span class="tei tei-q">“murderers.”</span> A word which <span class="tei tei-q">“belongs probably to a +romantic chapter in the history of the Crusades”</span><a id="noteref_486" name="noteref_486" href="#note_486"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">486</span></span></a> has +no business in the N. T.—And what did these learned men +suppose they should gain by substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the twin brothers</span></em>”</span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Castor and Pollux</span></em>”</span> in Acts xxviii. 11? The Greek +(Διόσκουροι) is neither the one nor the other.—In the same +spirit, instead of, <span class="tei tei-q">“they that received <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tribute-money</span></em>”</span> (in +S. Matth. xvii. 24), we are now presented with <span class="tei tei-q">“they that +received <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the half-shekel</span></em>:”</span> and in verse 27,—instead of +<span class="tei tei-q">“when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +piece of money</span></em>,”</span> we are favoured with <span class="tei tei-q">“thou shalt find <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +shekel</span></em>.”</span> But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> the change has been made, we fail to see. +The margin is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still</span></em> obliged to explain that not one of these +four words is found in the original: the Greek in the former +place being τὰ δίδραχμα,—in the latter, στατήρ.—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Flute-players</span></em>”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page148">[pg 148]</span><a name="Pg148" id="Pg148" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(for <span class="tei tei-q">“minstrels”</span>) in S. Matthew ix. 23, is a mistake. +An αὐλητής played <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the pipe</span></em> (αὐλός, 1 Cor. xiv. 7),—hence +<span class="tei tei-q">“pipers”</span> in Rev. xviii. 22; (where by the way μουσικοί +[<span class="tei tei-q">“musicians”</span>] is perversely and less accurately rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">minstrels</span></em>”</span>).—Once +more. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Undressed</span></em> cloth”</span> (Mk. ii. 21), because +it is an expression popularly understood only in certain +districts of England, and a <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">vox artis</span></span>, ought not to have been +introduced into the Gospels. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New</span></em>”</span> is preferable.—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Wine-skins</span></em>”</span> +(Mtt. ix. 17: Mk. ii. 22: Lu. v. 37) is a term unintelligible +to the generality; as the Revisionists confess, for +they explain it by a note,—<span class="tei tei-q">“That is, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">skins used as bottles</span></em>.”</span> +What else is this but substituting a new difficulty for an old +one?—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Silver</span></em>,”</span> now for the first time thrust into Acts viii. +20, is unreasonable. Like <span class="tei tei-q">“argent”</span> in French, ἀργύριον as +much means <span class="tei tei-q">“money,”</span> here as in S. Matthew xxv. 18, 27, +&c.—In S. James ii. 19, we should like to know what is +gained by the introduction of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shuddering</span></em>”</span> devils.—To +take an example from a different class of words,—Who +will say that <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mindest</span></em> not the things of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> is a better +rendering of οὐ φρονεῖς, than the old <span class="tei tei-q">“Thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">savourest</span></em> not,”</span>—which +at least had no ambiguity about it?... A friend +points out that Dr. Field (a <span class="tei tei-q">“master in Israel”</span>) has examined +104 of the changes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">made</span></em> in the Revised Version; and finds +8 questionable: 13 unnecessary: 19 faulty (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> cases in +which the A. V. required amendment, but which the R. V. +has not succeeded in amending): 64 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">changes for the worse</span></em>.<a id="noteref_487" name="noteref_487" href="#note_487"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">487</span></span></a>... +This is surely a terrible indictment for such an one as Dr. +Field to bring against the Revisers,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who were directed only +to correct</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">plain and clear errors</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) We really fail to understand how it has come to +pass that, notwithstanding the amount of scholarship which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page149">[pg 149]</span><a name="Pg149" id="Pg149" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sometimes sat in the Jerusalem Chamber, so many novelties +are found in the present Revision which betoken a want +of familiarity with the refinements of the Greek language +on the one hand; and (what is even more inexcusable) only +a slender acquaintance with the resources and proprieties +of English speech, on the other. A fair average instance +of this occurs in Acts xxi. 37, where (instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Canst</span></em> +thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">speak</span></em> Greek?”</span>) Ἑλληνιστὶ γινώσκεις? is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dost</span></em> +thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">know</span></em> Greek?”</span> That γινώσκειν means <span class="tei tei-q">“to know”</span> (and +not <span class="tei tei-q">“to speak”</span>) is undeniable: and yet, in the account of +all, except the driest and stupidest of pedagogues, Ἑλληνιστὶ +γινώσκεις; must be translated <span class="tei tei-q">“Canst thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">speak</span></em> Greek?”</span> +For (as every schoolboy is aware) Ἑλληνιστί is an adverb, +and signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in Greek fashion</span></em>:”</span> so that something has to be +supplied: and the full expression, if it must needs be given, +would be, <span class="tei tei-q">“Dost thou know [how to talk] in Greek?”</span> But +then, this condensation of phrase proves to be the established +idiom of the language:<a id="noteref_488" name="noteref_488" href="#note_488"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">488</span></span></a> so that the rejection of the learned +rendering of Tyndale, Cranmer, the Geneva, the Rheims, +and the Translators of 1611 (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Canst thou speak</span></em> Greek?”</span>)—the +rejection of this, at the end of 270 years, in favour of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dost thou know</span></em> Greek?”</span> really betrays ignorance. It is worse +than bad Taste. It is a stupid and deliberate <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">blunder</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) The substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they weighed unto him</span></em>”</span> (in place +of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they covenanted with him for</span></em>”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“thirty pieces of silver”</span> +(S. Matth. xxvi. 15) is another of those plausible mistakes, +into which a little learning (proverbially <span class="tei tei-q">“a dangerous thing”</span>) +is for ever conducting its unfortunate possessor; but from +which it was to have been expected that the undoubted +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page150">[pg 150]</span><a name="Pg150" id="Pg150" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +attainments of some who frequented the Jerusalem Chamber +would have effectually preserved the Revisionists. That +ἔστησαν is intended to recal Zech. xi. 12, is obvious; as +well as that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em> it refers to the ancient practice of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">weighing</span></em> +uncoined money. It does not, however, by any means +follow, that it was customary to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">weigh</span></em> shekels in the days +of the Gospel. Coined money, in fact, was never weighed, +but always counted; and these were shekels, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">didrachms</span></em> +(Matth. xvii. 24). The truth (it lies on the surface) is, that +there exists a happy ambiguity about the word ἔστησαν, +of which the Evangelist has not been slow to avail himself. +In the particular case before us, it is expressly recorded that +in the first instance money did <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> pass,—only a bargain was +made, and a certain sum promised. S. Mark's record is that +the chief priests were glad at the proposal of Judas, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and +promised</span></em> to give him money”</span> (xiv. 11): S. Luke's, that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they +covenanted</span></em>”</span> to do so (xxii. 5, 6). And with this, the statement +of the first Evangelist is found to be in strictest +agreement. The chief Priests <span class="tei tei-q">“set”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“appointed”</span><a id="noteref_489" name="noteref_489" href="#note_489"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">489</span></span></a> him +a certain sum. The perfectly accurate rendering of S. Matth. +xxvi. 15, therefore, exhibited by our Authorized Version, has +been set aside to make way for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a misrepresentation of the +Evangelist's meaning</span></em>. <span class="tei tei-q">“In the judgment of the most competent +scholars,”</span> was <span class="tei tei-q">“such change <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">necessary</span></span>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) We respectfully think that it would have been more +becoming in such a company as that which assembled in the +Jerusalem Chamber, as well as more consistent with their +Instructions, if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in doubtful cases</span></em> they had abstained from +touching the Authorized Version, but had recorded their own +conjectural emendations <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the margin</span></em>. How rash and infelicitous, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page151">[pg 151]</span><a name="Pg151" id="Pg151" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +for example, is the following rendering of the +famous words in Acts xxvi. 28, 29, which we find thrust +upon us without apology or explanation; without, in fact, +any marginal note at all:—<span class="tei tei-q">“And Agrippa said unto Paul, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">With but little persuasion thou wouldest fain make me</span></em> a +Christian. And Paul said, I would to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, that whether +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with little or with much</span></em>,”</span> &c. Now this is indefensible. For, +in the first place, to get any such meaning out of the words, +our Revisionists have been obliged to substitute the fabricated +ποιῆσαι (the peculiar property of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> and a few +cursives) for γενέσθαι in ver. 28. Moreover, even so, the +words do not yield the required sense. We venture to point +out, that this is precisely one of the occasions where the +opinion of a first-rate Greek Father is of paramount importance. +The moderns confess themselves unable to discover +a single instance of the phrase ἐν ὀλίγῳ in the sense of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">within +a little</span></em>.”</span> Cyril of Jerusalem (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350) and Chrysostom +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400), on the contrary, evidently considered that here +the expression can mean nothing else; and they were competent +judges, seeing that Greek was their native language: +far better judges (be it remarked in passing) on a point of +this kind than the whole body of Revisionists put together. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Such an amount of victorious grace and wisdom did Paul +derive from the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Spirit</span></span>”</span> (says Cyril), <span class="tei tei-q">“that even King +Agrippa at last exclaimed,”</span><a id="noteref_490" name="noteref_490" href="#note_490"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">490</span></span></a> &c. From which it is evident +that Cyril regarded Agrippa's words as an avowal that he +was well-nigh overcome by the Apostle's argument. And so +Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_491" name="noteref_491" href="#note_491"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">491</span></span></a> who says plainly that ἐν ὀλίγῳ means <span class="tei tei-q">“within +a little,”</span><a id="noteref_492" name="noteref_492" href="#note_492"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">492</span></span></a> and assumes that <span class="tei tei-q">“within a little”</span> S. Paul had +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page152">[pg 152]</span><a name="Pg152" id="Pg152" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +persuaded his judge.<a id="noteref_493" name="noteref_493" href="#note_493"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">493</span></span></a> He even puts παρ᾽ ὀλίγον into Agrippa's +mouth.<a id="noteref_494" name="noteref_494" href="#note_494"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">494</span></span></a> So also, in effect, Theodoret.<a id="noteref_495" name="noteref_495" href="#note_495"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">495</span></span></a> From all which it is +reasonable, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, to +infer that our A. V. reflects faithfully what was the Church's +traditionary interpretation of Acts xxvi. 28 in the first half +of the fourth century. Let it only be added that a better +judge of such matters than any who frequented the Jerusalem +Chamber—the late President of Magdalen, Dr. Routh,—writes: +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Vertendum esse sequentia suadent, Me fere Christianum +fieri suades. Interp. Vulgata habet, In modico suades +me Christianum fieri.</span></span>”</span><a id="noteref_496" name="noteref_496" href="#note_496"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">496</span></span></a> Yes, the Apostle's rejoinder fixes the +meaning of what Agrippa had said before.—And this shall +suffice. We pass on, only repeating our devout wish that +what the Revisionists failed to understand, or were unable +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">materially and certainly</span></em> to improve, they would have been +so obliging as to let alone. In the present instance the A. V. +is probably right; the R. V., probably wrong. No one, at all +events, can pretend that the rendering with which we are all +familiar is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a plain and clear error</span></em>.”</span> And confessedly, unless +it was, it should have been left unmolested. But to proceed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) and (5) There can be no question as to the absolute +duty of rendering identical expressions <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in strictly parallel +places of the Gospels</span></em> by strictly identical language. So far we +are wholly at one with the Revisionists. But <span class="tei tei-q">“alterations +[supposed to be] rendered necessary <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by consequence</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span>, +iii. 2.), are quite a different matter: and we venture to think +that it is precisely in their pursuit of a mechanical uniformity +of rendering, that our Revisionists have most often as well as +most grievously lost their way. We differ from them in fact +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">in limine</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-q">“When a particular word”</span> (say they) <span class="tei tei-q">“is found to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page153">[pg 153]</span><a name="Pg153" id="Pg153" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +recur with characteristic frequency in any one of the Sacred +Writers, it is obviously desirable to adopt for it some uniform +rendering”</span> (iii. 2). <span class="tei tei-q">“Desirable”</span>! Yes, but in what sense? +It is much to be desired, no doubt, that the English language +always contained <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the exact counterparts</span></em> of Greek words: and +of course, if it did, it would be in the highest degree <span class="tei tei-q">“desirable”</span> +that a Translator should always employ those words and +no other. But then it happens unfortunately that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">precisely +equivalent words do not exist</span></em>. Τέκνον, nine times out of ten +signifies nothing else but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">child</span></em>.”</span> On the tenth occasion, +however, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> where Abraham is addressing the rich man +in Hades,) it would be absurd so to render it. We translate +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Son</span></em>.”</span> We are in fact without choice.—Take another ordinary +Greek term, σπλάγχνα, which occurs 11 times in the N. T., +and which the A. V. uniformly renders <span class="tei tei-q">“bowels.”</span> Well, and +<span class="tei tei-q">“bowels”</span> confessedly σπλάγχνα are. Yet have our Revisionists +felt themselves under the <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity”</span> of rendering the +word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heart</span></em>,”</span> in Col. iii. 12,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very heart</span></em>,”</span> in Philemon, +ver. 12,—<span class="tei tei-q">“affections”</span> in 2 Cor. vi. 12,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inward affection</span></em>,”</span> +in vii. 15,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tender mercies</span></em>”</span> in Phil. i. 8,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">compassion</span></em>”</span> in +1 Jo. iii. 17,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bowels</span></em>”</span> only in Acts i. 18.—These learned +men, however, put forward in illustration of their own principle +of translation, the word εὐθέως,—which occurs about 80 +times in the N. T.: nearly half the instances being found in +S. Mark's Gospel. We accept their challenge; and assert +that it is tasteless barbarism to seek to impose upon εὐθέως,—no +matter <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> the context in which it stands,—the sense of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">straightway</span></em>,”</span>—only because εὐθύς, the adjective, generally +(not always) means <span class="tei tei-q">“straight.”</span> Where a miracle of healing +is described (as in S. Matth. viii. 3: xx. 34. S. Lu. v. 13), since +the benefit was no doubt instantaneous, it is surely the mere +instinct of <span class="tei tei-q">“faithfulness”</span> to translate εὐθέως <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">immediately</span></em>.”</span> +So, in respect of the sudden act which saved Peter from +sinking (S. Matth. xiv. 31); and that punctual cock-crow +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page154">[pg 154]</span><a name="Pg154" id="Pg154" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(xxvi. 74), which (S. Luke says) did not so much follow, +as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">accompany</span></em> his denial (xxii. 60). But surely not so, when +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the growth of a seed</span></em> is the thing spoken of (Matth. xiii. 5)! +Acts again, which must needs have occupied some little time +in the doing, reasonably suggest some such rendering as +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forthwith</span></em>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">straightway</span></em>,”</span>—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> S. Matth. xiv. 22: xxi. 2: +and S. John vi. 21): while, in 3 John ver. 14, the meaning +(as the Revisionists confess) can only be <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shortly</span></em>.”</span>... So plain +a matter really ought not to require so many words. We +repeat, that the Revisionists set out with a mistaken +Principle. They clearly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do not understand their Trade</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +They invite our attention to their rendering of certain +of the Greek Tenses, and of the definite Article. We +regret to discover that, in both respects, their work is +disfigured throughout by changes which convict a majority +of their body alike of an imperfect acquaintance with +the genius of the Greek language, and of scarcely a moderate +appreciation of the idiomatic proprieties of their own. +Such a charge must of necessity, when it has been substantiated, +press heavily upon such a work as the present; +for it is not as when a solitary error has been detected, +which may be rectified. A vicious <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">system</span></em> of rendering +Tenses, and representing the Greek Article, is sure to crop +up in every part of the undertaking, and must occasionally +be attended by consequences of a serious nature. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +1. Now, that we may not be misunderstood, we admit +at once that, in teaching <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">boys</span></em> how to turn Greek into English, +we insist that every tense shall be marked by its own appropriate +sign. There is no telling how helpful it will prove +in the end, that every word shall at first have been rendered +with painful accuracy. Let the Article be [mis-]represented—the +Prepositions caricatured—the Particles magnified,—let +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page155">[pg 155]</span><a name="Pg155" id="Pg155" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the very order of the words at first, (however impossible,) +be religiously retained. Merciless accuracy having been in +this way acquired, a youth has to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">un</span></em>taught these servile +habits. He has to be reminded of the requirements of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English idiom</span></em>, and speedily becomes aware that the idiomatic +rendering of a Greek author into English, is a higher achievement +by far, than his former slavish endeavour always to +render the same word and tense in the same slavish way. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +2. But what supremely annoys us in the work just now +under review is, that the schoolboy method of translation +already noticed is therein exhibited in constant operation +throughout. It becomes oppressive. We are never permitted +to believe that we are in the company of Scholars +who are altogether masters of their own language. Their +solicitude ever seems to be twofold:—(1) To exhibit a singular +indifference to the proprieties of English speech, while they +maintain a servile adherence (etymological or idiomatic, as +the case may be) to the Greek:—(2) Right or wrong, to part +company from William Tyndale and the giants who gave us +our <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Take a few illustrations of what precedes from the second +chapter of S. Matthew's Gospel:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1.) Thus, in ver. 2, the correct English rendering <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we +have seen</span></em>”</span> is made to give place to the incorrect <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we saw</span></em> +his star in the east.”</span>—In ver. 9, the idiomatic <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">when they +had heard the king</span></em>, they departed,”</span> is rejected for the unidiomatic +<span class="tei tei-q">“And they, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">having heard the king</span></em>, went their way.”</span>—In +ver. 15, we are treated to <span class="tei tei-q">“that it might be fulfilled +which was spoken by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em> the prophet, saying, +Out of Egypt <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did I call</span></em> my son.”</span> And yet who sees not, +that in both instances the old rendering is better? Important +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page156">[pg 156]</span><a name="Pg156" id="Pg156" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +as it may be, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the lecture-room</span></em>, to insist on what is +implied by τὸ ῥηθὲν ὙΠῸ τοῦ κυρίου ΔΙᾺ τοῦ προφήτου, it is +simply preposterous to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">come abroad</span></em> with such refinements. +It is to stultify oneself and to render one's author unintelligible. +Moreover, the attempt to be so wondrous literal +is safe to break down at the end of a few verses. Thus, if +διά is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span> in verse 15,—why not in verse 17 and in +verse 23? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2.) Note how infelicitously, in S. Matth. ii. 1, <span class="tei tei-q">“there came +wise men from the east”</span> is changed into <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wise men from the +east came</span></em>.”</span>—In ver. 4, the accurate, <span class="tei tei-q">“And when [Herod] had +gathered together”</span> (συναγαγών) &c., is displaced for the +inaccurate, <span class="tei tei-q">“And <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gathering together</span></em>”</span> &c.—In ver. 6, we are +presented with the unintelligible, <span class="tei tei-q">“And thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Bethlehem, land +of Judah</span></em>:”</span> while in ver. 7, <span class="tei tei-q">“Then Herod <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">privily called</span></em> the +wise men, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">learned of them carefully</span></em>,”</span> is improperly put +in the place of <span class="tei tei-q">“Then Herod, when he had privily called +the wise men, enquired of them diligently”</span> (ἠκρίβωσε παρ᾽ +αὐτῶν).—In ver. 11, the familiar <span class="tei tei-q">“And when they were come +into the house, they saw”</span> &c., is needlessly changed into +<span class="tei tei-q">“They <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">came into the house</span></em>, and saw:”</span> while <span class="tei tei-q">“and when they +had opened (ἀνοίξαντες) their treasures,”</span> is also needlessly +altered into <span class="tei tei-q">“and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">opening</span></em> their treasures.”</span>—In ver. 12, the +R. V. is careful to print <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>”</span> in italics, where italics are +not necessary: seeing that χρηματισθέντες implies <span class="tei tei-q">“being +warned of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (as the translators of 1611 were well +aware<a id="noteref_497" name="noteref_497" href="#note_497"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">497</span></span></a>): whereas in countless other places the same Revisionists +reject the use of italics where italics are absolutely +required.—Their <span class="tei tei-q">“until I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tell thee</span></em>”</span> (in ver. 13) is a most +unworthy substitute for <span class="tei tei-q">“until I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bring thee word</span></em>.”</span>—And will +they pretend that they have improved the rendering of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page157">[pg 157]</span><a name="Pg157" id="Pg157" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +concluding words of the chapter? If Ναζωραῖος κληθήσεται +does not mean <span class="tei tei-q">“He shall be called a Nazarene,”</span> what in the +world <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></em> it mean? The ὅτι of quotation they elsewhere +omit. Then why, here,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> it might be fulfilled ... <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>”</span>?—Surely, +every one of these is an alteration made for alteration's +sake, and in every instance <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the worse</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We began by surveying <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Greek</span></em> of the first chapter of +S. Matthew's Gospel. We have now surveyed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the English</span></em> of +the second chapter. What does the Reader think of the result? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +IV. Next, the Revisionists invite attention to certain +points of detail: and first, to their rendering of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Tenses +of the Verb</span></span>. They begin with the Greek Aorist,—(in +their account) <span class="tei tei-q">“perhaps the most important”</span> detail of all:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We have not attempted to violate the idiom of our language +by forms of expression which it would not bear. But we have +often ventured to represent the Greek aorist by the English +preterite, even when the reader may find some passing difficulty +in such a rendering, because we have felt convinced that the +true meaning of the original was obscured by the presence of +the familiar auxiliary. A remarkable illustration may be +found in the seventeenth chapter of S. John's Gospel.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Preface</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, +iii. 2,—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">latter part</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">). +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) We turn to the place indicated, and are constrained +to assure these well-intentioned men, that the phenomenon +we there witness is absolutely fatal to their pretensions +as <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revisers</span></span>”</span> of our Authorized Version. Were it only <span class="tei tei-q">“some +passing difficulty”</span> which their method occasions us, we +might have hoped that time would enable us to overcome +it. But since it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the genius of the English language</span></em> to +which we find they have offered violence; the fixed and +universally-understood idiom of our native tongue which +they have systematically set at defiance; the matter is +absolutely without remedy. The difference between the +A. V. and the R. V. seems to ourselves to be simply this,—that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page158">[pg 158]</span><a name="Pg158" id="Pg158" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the renderings in the former are the idiomatic English +representations of certain well-understood Greek tenses: +while the proposed substitutes are nothing else but the +pedantic efforts of mere grammarians to reproduce in another +language idioms which it abhors. But the Reader +shall judge for himself: for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> at least is a point on which +every educated Englishman is fully competent to pass +sentence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When our Divine <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, at the close of His Ministry,—(He +had in fact reached the very last night of His earthly +life, and it wanted but a few hours of His Passion,)—when +He, at such a moment, addressing the Eternal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, says, +ἐγώ σε ἐδόξασα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; τὸ ἔργον ἐτελείωσα ... +ἐφανέρωσά σου τὸ ὄνομα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, &c. [Jo. xvii. 4, 6], +there can be no doubt whatever that, had He pronounced +those words in English, He would have said (with our A. V.) +<span class="tei tei-q">“I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have glorified</span></em> Thee on the earth: I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have finished</span></em> the +work:”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have manifested</span></em> Thy Name.”</span> The pedantry which +(on the plea that the Evangelist employs the aorist, not the +perfect tense,) would twist all this into the indefinite past,—<span class="tei tei-q">“I +glorified”</span> ... <span class="tei tei-q">“I finished”</span> ... <span class="tei tei-q">“I manifested,”</span>—we pronounce +altogether insufferable. We absolutely refuse it a hearing. +Presently (in ver. 14) He says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“I have given them Thy +word; and the world <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hath hated them</span></em>.”</span> And in ver. 25,—<span class="tei tei-q">“O +righteous <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, the world <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hath not known</span></em> Thee; but +I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have known</span></em> Thee, and these <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have known</span></em> that Thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hast +sent</span></em> Me.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> would consent to substitute for these expressions,—<span class="tei tei-q">“the +world hated them:”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“the world knew +Thee not, but I knew Thee; and these knew that Thou didst +send Me”</span>?—Or turn to another Gospel. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em> is better,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Some +one hath touched Me: for I perceive that virtue is +gone out of Me,”</span> (S. Lu. viii. 46):—or,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Some one <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did touch</span></em> +Me: for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I perceived</span></em> that power <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had gone forth</span></em> from Me”</span>? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page159">[pg 159]</span><a name="Pg159" id="Pg159" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When the reference is to an act so extremely recent, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> is +not aware that the second of these renderings is abhorrent to +the genius of the English language? As for ἔγνων, it is +(like <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">novi</span></span> in Latin) present in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sense</span></em> though past in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">form</span></em>,—here +as in S. Lu. xvi. 3.—But turn to yet another Gospel. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em> is better in S. Matth. xvi. 7:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we took</span></em> no bread,”</span> or +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is because <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we have taken</span></em> no bread”</span>?—Again. When Simon +Peter (in reply to the command that he should thrust out +into deep water and let down his net for a draught,) is heard +to exclaim,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Master, we have toiled all the night, and have +taken nothing: nevertheless at Thy word I will let down +the net”</span> (Lu. v. 5),—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> would tolerate the proposal to put +in the place of it,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Master, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we toiled all night</span></em>, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">took</span></em> +nothing: but at Thy word,”</span> &c. It is not too much to +declare that the idiom of the English language refuses +peremptorily to submit to such handling. Quite in vain +is it to encounter us with reminder that κοπιάσαντες and +ἐλάβομεν are aorists. The answer is,—We know it: but we +deny that it follows that the words are to be rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“we +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">toiled</span></em> all night, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">took</span></em> nothing.”</span> There are laws of +English Idiom as well as laws of Greek Grammar: and when +these clash in what is meant to be a translation into English +out of Greek, the latter must perforce give way to the former,—or +we make ourselves ridiculous, and misrepresent what we +propose to translate. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this is so undeniable that it ought not to require to be +insisted upon. But in fact our Revisionists by their occasional +practice show that they fully admit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Principle</span></em> we +are contending for. Thus, ἧραν (in S. Jo. xx. 2 and 13) is +by them translated <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they have taken</span></em>:”</span>—ἱνατί με ἐγκατέλιπες; +(S. Matt. xxvii. 46) <span class="tei tei-q">“Why <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hast Thou forsaken Me</span></em>?”</span><a id="noteref_498" name="noteref_498" href="#note_498"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">498</span></span></a>:—ἔδειξα +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page160">[pg 160]</span><a name="Pg160" id="Pg160" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(S. Jo. x. 32) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have I showed</span></em>:”</span>—ἀπέστειλε (vi. 29) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He hath +sent</span></em>:”</span>—ἠτιμάσατε (James ii. 6) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ye have dishonoured</span></em>:”</span>—ἐκαθάρισε +(Acts x. 15) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hath cleansed</span></em>:”</span>—ἔστησεν (xvii. 31) +<span class="tei tei-q">“He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hath appointed</span></em>.”</span> But indeed instances abound everywhere. +In fact, the requirements of the case are often observed +to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">force</span></em> them to be idiomatic. Τί ἐποίησας; (in Jo. xviii. 35), +they rightly render <span class="tei tei-q">“What <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hast</span></em> thou done?”</span>:—and ἔγραψα +(in 1 Jo. ii. 14, 21), <span class="tei tei-q">“I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em> written;”</span>—and ἤκουσα (in Acts +ix. 13), <span class="tei tei-q">“I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em> heard.”</span>—On the other hand, by translating οὐκ +εἴασεν (in Acts xxviii. 4), <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hath not suffered</span></em>,”</span> they may be +thought to have overshot the mark. They seem to have +overlooked the fact that, when once S. Paul had been bitten +by the viper, <span class="tei tei-q">“the barbarians”</span> looked upon him as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a dead +man</span></em>; and therefore discoursed about what Justice <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did not</span></em> +suffer,”</span> as about an entirely past transaction. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But now, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> sees not that the admission, once and +again deliberately made, that sometimes it is not only +lawful, but even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessary</span></em>, to accommodate the Greek aorist +(when translated into English) with the sign of the perfect,—reduces +the whole matter (of the signs of the tenses) to a +mere question of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Taste</span></em>? In view of such instances as the +foregoing, where severe logical necessity has compelled the +Revisionists to abandon their position and fly, it is plain that +their contention is at an end,—so far as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">right</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wrong</span></em> are +concerned. They virtually admit that they have been all +along unjustly forcing on an independent language an alien +yoke.<a id="noteref_499" name="noteref_499" href="#note_499"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">499</span></span></a> Henceforth, it simply becomes a question to be +repeated, as every fresh emergency arises,—Which then is +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the more idiomatic</span></em> of these two English renderings?... +Conversely, twice at least (Heb. xi. 17 and 28), the Revisionists +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page161">[pg 161]</span><a name="Pg161" id="Pg161" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have represented the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek perfect</span></em> by the English +indefinite preterite. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Besides this offensive pedantry in respect of the +Aorist, we are often annoyed by an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unidiomatic</span></em> rendering of +the Imperfect. True enough it is that <span class="tei tei-q">“the servants and the +officers <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were standing</span></em> ... and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were warming</span></em> themselves:”</span> +Peter also <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was standing</span></em> with them and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was warming</span></em> himself”</span> +(S. Jo. xviii. 18). But we do not so express ourselves in +English, unless we are about to add something which shall +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">account for</span></em> our particularity and precision. Any one, for +example, desirous of stating what had been for years his +daily practice, would say—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I left</span></em> my house.”</span> Only when he +wanted to explain that, on leaving it for the 1000th time, he +met a friend coming up the steps to pay him a visit, +would an Englishman think of saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I was leaving</span></em> the +house.”</span> A Greek writer, on the other hand, would not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">trust</span></em> +this to the imperfect. He would use the present participle +in the dative case, (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To me, leaving my house</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_500" name="noteref_500" href="#note_500"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">500</span></span></a> &c.). One is +astonished to have to explain such things.... <span class="tei tei-q">“If therefore +thou <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">art offering</span></em> thy gift at the altar”</span> (Matt. v. 23), may +seem to some a clever translation. To ourselves, it reads +like a senseless exaggeration of the original.<a id="noteref_501" name="noteref_501" href="#note_501"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">501</span></span></a> It sounds +(and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em>) as unnatural as to say (in S. Lu. ii. 33) <span class="tei tei-q">“And His +father [a depravation of the text] and His mother <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were marvelling</span></em> +at the things which were spoken concerning Him:”</span>—or +(in Heb. xi. 17) <span class="tei tei-q">“yea, he that had received the promises +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was offering up</span></em> his only-begotten son:”</span>—or, of the cripple at +Lystra (Acts xiv. 9), <span class="tei tei-q">“the same heard Paul <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">speaking</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) On the other hand, there are occasions confessedly +when the Greek Aorist absolutely demands to be rendered +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page162">[pg 162]</span><a name="Pg162" id="Pg162" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +into English by the sign of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Pluperfect</span></em>. An instance +meets us while we write: ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλῶν (S. Lu. v. 4),—where +our Revisionists are found to retain the idiomatic +rendering of our Authorized Version,—<span class="tei tei-q">“When He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had left</span></em> +speaking.”</span> Of what possible avail could it be, on such an +occasion, to insist that, because ἐπαύσατο is not in the +pluperfect tense, it may not be accommodated with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the sign</span></em> +of the pluperfect when it is being translated into English?—The +R. V. has shown less consideration in S. Jo. xviii. 24,—where +<span class="tei tei-q">“Now Annas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had sent</span></em> Him bound unto Caiaphas the +high priest,”</span> is right, and wanted no revision.—Such places as +Matth. xxvii. 60, Jo. xxi. 15, Acts xii. 17, and Heb. iv. 8, +on the other hand, simply defy the Revisionists. For perforce +Joseph <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had hewn</span></em> out”</span> (ἐλατόμησε) the new tomb +which became our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span>: and the seven Apostles, confessedly, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had dined</span></em>”</span> (ἠρίστησαν): and S. Peter, of course, <span class="tei tei-q">“declared +unto them how the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had brought him out</span></em> of the prison”</span> +(ἐξήγαγεν): and it is impossible to substitute anything for +<span class="tei tei-q">“If Jesus [Joshua] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had given</span></em> them rest”</span> (κατέπαυσεν).—Then +of course there are occasions, (not a few,) where the +Aorist (often an indefinite present in Greek) claims to be +Englished by the sign of the present tense: as where S. John +says (Rev. xix. 6), <span class="tei tei-q">“The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord God</span></span> Omnipotent reigneth”</span> +(ἐβασίλευσε). There is no striving against such instances. +They <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insist</span></em> on being rendered according to the genius of the +language into which it is proposed to render them:—as when +ἔκειτο (in S. Jo. xx. 12) exacts for its rendering <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had lain</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) It shall only be pointed out here in addition, for the +student's benefit, that there is one highly interesting place +(viz. S. Matth. xxviii. 2), which in every age has misled +Critics and Divines (as Origen and Eusebius); Poets (as +Rogers); Painters (as West);—yes, and will continue to mislead +readers for many a year to come:—and all because men +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page163">[pg 163]</span><a name="Pg163" id="Pg163" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have failed to perceive that the aorist is used there for the +pluperfect. Translate,—<span class="tei tei-q">“There <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had been</span></em> a great earthquake:”</span> +[and so (1611-1881) our margin,—until in short <span class="tei tei-q">“the Revisionists”</span> +interfered:] <span class="tei tei-q">“for the Angel of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had</span></em> descended +from heaven, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">come and rolled away</span></em> (ἀπεκύλισε) +the stone from the door, and sat upon it.”</span> Strange, that for +1800 years Commentators should have failed to perceive that +the Evangelist is describing what terrified <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the keepers</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The +women</span></em>”</span> saw no Angel sitting upon the stone!—though +Origen,<a id="noteref_502" name="noteref_502" href="#note_502"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">502</span></span></a>—Dionysius of Alexandria,<a id="noteref_503" name="noteref_503" href="#note_503"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">503</span></span></a>—Eusebius,<a id="noteref_504" name="noteref_504" href="#note_504"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">504</span></span></a>—ps.-Gregory +Naz.,<a id="noteref_505" name="noteref_505" href="#note_505"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">505</span></span></a>—Cyril Alex.,<a id="noteref_506" name="noteref_506" href="#note_506"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">506</span></span></a>—Hesychius,<a id="noteref_507" name="noteref_507" href="#note_507"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">507</span></span></a>—and so many +others—have taken it for granted that they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) Then further, (to dismiss the subject and pass on,)—There +are occasions where the Greek <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perfect</span></em> exacts the sign +of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">present</span></em> at the hands of the English translator: as +when Martha says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Yea <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">believe</span></em> that Thou art the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>”</span> (S. Jo. xi. 27).<a id="noteref_508" name="noteref_508" href="#note_508"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">508</span></span></a> What else but the veriest pedantry +is it to thrust in there <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I have believed</span></em>,”</span> as the English equivalent +for πεπίστευκα?—Just as intolerable is the officiousness +which would thrust into the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> prayer (Matt. vi. 12), +<span class="tei tei-q">“as we also <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have forgiven</span></em> (ἀφήκαμεν) our debtors.”</span><a id="noteref_509" name="noteref_509" href="#note_509"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">509</span></span></a>—On the +other hand, there are Greek <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">presents</span></em> (whatever the Revisionists +may think) which are just as peremptory in requiring +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the sign of the future</span></em>, at the hands of the idiomatic translator +into English. Three such cases are found in S. Jo. xvi. +16, 17, 19. Surely, the future is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inherent</span></em> in the present +ἔρχομαι! In Jo. xiv. 18 (and many similar places), who can +endure, <span class="tei tei-q">“I will not leave you desolate: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I come unto you</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page164">[pg 164]</span><a name="Pg164" id="Pg164" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) But instances abound. How does it happen that the +inaccurate rendering of ἐκκόπτεται—ἐκβάλλεται—has been +retained in S. Matth. iii. 10, S. Lu. iii. 9? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +V. Next, concerning the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">definite Article</span></span>; in the case +of which, (say the Revisionists,) +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">many changes have been made.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We have been careful to +observe the use of the Article wherever it seemed to be +idiomatically possible: where it did not seem to be possible, +we have yielded to necessity.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Preface</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, iii. 2,—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In reply, instead of offering counter-statements of our own +we content ourselves with submitting a few specimens to the +Reader's judgment; and invite him to decide between the +Reviewer and the Reviewed ... <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The</span></em> sower went forth to sow”</span> +(Matth. xiii. 3).—<span class="tei tei-q">“It is greater than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> herbs”</span> (ver. 32).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Let +him be to thee as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> Gentile and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> publican”</span> (xviii. +17).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The unclean spirit, when he is gone out of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> man”</span> +(xii. 43).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Did I not choose you <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> twelve?”</span> (Jo. vi. 70).—<span class="tei tei-q">“If +I then, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> Lord and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> master”</span> (xiii. 14).—<span class="tei tei-q">“For <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> +joy that a man is born into the world”</span> (xvi. 21).—<span class="tei tei-q">“But as +touching Apollos <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> brother”</span> (1 Cor. xvi. 12).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The</span></em> Bishop +must be blameless ... able to exhort in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> sound doctrine”</span> +(Titus i. 7, 9).—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The</span></em> lust when it hath conceived, beareth +sin: and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> sin, when it is full grown”</span> &c. (James i. 15).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Doth +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> fountain send forth from the same opening sweet +water and bitter?”</span> (iii. 11).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Speak thou the things which +befit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> sound doctrine”</span> (Titus ii. 1).—<span class="tei tei-q">“The time will come +when they will not endure <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> sound doctrine”</span> (2 Tim. +iv. 3).—<span class="tei tei-q">“We had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> fathers of our flesh to chasten us”</span> +(Heb. xii. 9).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Follow after peace with all men, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> +sanctification”</span> (ver. 14).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Who is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> liar but he that +denieth that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> is the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>?”</span> (1 Jo. ii. 22).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Not +with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> water only, but with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> water and with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> blood”</span> +(v. 6).—<span class="tei tei-q">“He that hath the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span>, hath <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> life: he that +hath not the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> hath not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> life”</span> (ver. 12). +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page165">[pg 165]</span><a name="Pg165" id="Pg165" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To rejoin, as if it were a sufficient answer, that the definite +Article is found in all these places in the original Greek,—is +preposterous. In French also we say <span class="tei tei-q">“Telle est <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">la</span></em> vie:”</span> +but, in translating from the French, we do not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> say +<span class="tei tei-q">“Such is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> life.”</span> May we, without offence, suggest the +study of Middleton <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the Doctrine of the Greek Article</span></span> to +those members of the Revisionists' body who have favoured +us with the foregoing crop of mistaken renderings? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So, in respect of the indefinite article, we are presented +with,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">An</span></em> eternal”</span> (for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> everlasting”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“gospel to proclaim”</span> +(Rev. xiv. 6):—and <span class="tei tei-q">“one like unto <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></em> son of man,”</span> for +<span class="tei tei-q">“one like unto <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> Son of Man”</span> in ver. 14.—Why <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>”</span> +in Phil. iii. 20? There is but one! (Acts iv. 12).—On the +other hand, Κρανίον is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The</span></em> skull”</span> in S. Lu. xxiii. +33. It is hard to see why.—These instances taken at random +must suffice. They might be multiplied to any extent. If +the Reader considers that the idiomatic use of the English +Article is understood by the authors of these specimen cases, +we shall be surprised, and sorry—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for him</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VI. The Revisionists announce that they <span class="tei tei-q">“have been particularly +careful”</span> as to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Pronouns</span></span> [iii. 2 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>] We recal +with regret that this is also a particular wherein we have been +specially annoyed and offended. Annoyed—at their practice +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">repeating the nominative</span></em> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> in Mk. i. 13: Jo. xx. 12) to +an extent unknown, abhorrent even, to our language, except +indeed when a fresh substantive statement is made: offended—at +their license of translation, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">when it suits them</span></em> to be licentious.—Thus, +(as the Bp. of S. Andrews has well pointed out,) +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it is He that</span></em>”</span> is an incorrect translation of αὐτός in S. Matth. +i. 21,—a famous passage. Even worse, because it is unfair, is +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He who</span></em>”</span> as the rendering of ὅς in 1 Tim. iii. 16,—another +famous passage, which we have discussed elsewhere.<a id="noteref_510" name="noteref_510" href="#note_510"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">510</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page166">[pg 166]</span><a name="Pg166" id="Pg166" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VII. 'In the case of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Particles</span></span>' (say the Revisionists), +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">we have been able to maintain a reasonable amount of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">consistency</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. +The Particles in the Greek Testament are, as is well +known, comparatively few, and they are commonly used with +precision. It has therefore been the more necessary here to +preserve a general </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">uniformity of rendering</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(iii. 2 </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such an announcement, we submit, is calculated to +occasion nothing so much as uneasiness and astonishment. +Of all the parts of speech, the Greek Particles,—(especially +throughout the period when the Language was in its decadence,)—are +the least capable of being drilled into <span class="tei tei-q">“a general +uniformity of rendering;”</span> and he who tries the experiment +ought to be the first to be aware of the fact. The refinement +and delicacy which they impart to a narrative or a sentiment, +are not to be told. But then, from the very nature of +the case, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">uniformity of rendering</span></em>”</span> is precisely the thing +they will not submit to. They take their colour from their +context: often mean two quite different things in the course +of two successive verses: sometimes are best rendered by a +long and formidable word;<a id="noteref_511" name="noteref_511" href="#note_511"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">511</span></span></a> sometimes cannot (without a +certain amount of impropriety or inconvenience) be rendered +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at all</span></em>.<a id="noteref_512" name="noteref_512" href="#note_512"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">512</span></span></a> Let us illustrate what we have been saying by +actual appeals to Scripture. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) And first, we will derive our proofs from the use +which the sacred Writers make of the particle of most +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page167">[pg 167]</span><a name="Pg167" id="Pg167" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +frequent recurrence—δέ. It is said to be employed in the +N. T. 3115 times. As for its meaning, we have the unimpeachable +authority of the Revisionists themselves for saying +that it may be represented by any of the following words:—<span class="tei tei-q">“but,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“and,”</span><a id="noteref_513" name="noteref_513" href="#note_513"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">513</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“yea,”</span><a id="noteref_514" name="noteref_514" href="#note_514"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">514</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“what,”</span><a id="noteref_515" name="noteref_515" href="#note_515"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">515</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“now,”</span><a id="noteref_516" name="noteref_516" href="#note_516"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">516</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“and +that”</span>,<a id="noteref_517" name="noteref_517" href="#note_517"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">517</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“howbeit,”</span><a id="noteref_518" name="noteref_518" href="#note_518"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">518</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“even,”</span><a id="noteref_519" name="noteref_519" href="#note_519"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">519</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“therefore,”</span><a id="noteref_520" name="noteref_520" href="#note_520"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">520</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“I say,”</span><a id="noteref_521" name="noteref_521" href="#note_521"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">521</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“also,”</span><a id="noteref_522" name="noteref_522" href="#note_522"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">522</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“yet,”</span><a id="noteref_523" name="noteref_523" href="#note_523"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">523</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“for.”</span><a id="noteref_524" name="noteref_524" href="#note_524"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">524</span></span></a> +To which 12 renderings, King James's +translators (mostly following Tyndale) are observed to add at +least these other 12:—<span class="tei tei-q">“wherefore,”</span><a id="noteref_525" name="noteref_525" href="#note_525"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">525</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“so,”</span><a id="noteref_526" name="noteref_526" href="#note_526"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">526</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“moreover,”</span><a id="noteref_527" name="noteref_527" href="#note_527"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">527</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“yea +and,”</span><a id="noteref_528" name="noteref_528" href="#note_528"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">528</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“furthermore,”</span><a id="noteref_529" name="noteref_529" href="#note_529"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">529</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“nevertheless,”</span><a id="noteref_530" name="noteref_530" href="#note_530"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">530</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“notwithstanding,”</span><a id="noteref_531" name="noteref_531" href="#note_531"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">531</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“yet +but,”</span><a id="noteref_532" name="noteref_532" href="#note_532"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">532</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“truly,”</span><a id="noteref_533" name="noteref_533" href="#note_533"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">533</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“or,”</span><a id="noteref_534" name="noteref_534" href="#note_534"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">534</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“as for,”</span><a id="noteref_535" name="noteref_535" href="#note_535"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">535</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“then,”</span><a id="noteref_536" name="noteref_536" href="#note_536"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">536</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“and +yet.”</span><a id="noteref_537" name="noteref_537" href="#note_537"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">537</span></span></a> It shall suffice to add that, by the +pitiful substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“but”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“and”</span> on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most</span></em> of the foregoing +occasions, the freshness and freedom of almost every +passage has been made to disappear: the plain fact being +that the men of 1611—above all, that William Tyndale 77 +years before them—produced a work of real genius; seizing +with generous warmth the meaning and intention of the +sacred Writers, and perpetually varying the phrase, as they +felt, or fancied that Evangelists and Apostles would have +varied it, had they had to express themselves in English: +whereas the men of 1881 have fulfilled their task in what +can only be described as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a spirit of servile pedantry</span></em>. The +Grammarian (pure and simple) crops up everywhere. We +seem never to rise above the atmosphere of the lecture-room,—the +startling fact that μέν means <span class="tei tei-q">“indeed,”</span> and δέ <span class="tei tei-q">“but.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page168">[pg 168]</span><a name="Pg168" id="Pg168" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We subjoin a single specimen of the countless changes +introduced in the rendering of Particles, and then hasten on. +In 1 Cor. xii. 20, for three centuries and a half, Englishmen +have been contented to read (with William Tyndale), <span class="tei tei-q">“But +now are they many members, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">yet but</span></span> one body.”</span> Our +Revisionists, (overcome by the knowledge that δέ means +<span class="tei tei-q">“but,”</span> and yielding to the supposed <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity for preserving +a general uniformity of rendering,”</span>) substitute,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But</span></em> now +they are many members, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but</span></em> one body.”</span> Comment ought to +be superfluous. We neither overlook the fact that δέ occurs +here twice, nor deny that it is fairly represented by <span class="tei tei-q">“but”</span> in +the first instance. We assert nevertheless that, on the +second occasion, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">yet but</span></span>”</span> ought to have been let alone. +And this is a fair sample of the changes which have been +effected <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">many times in every page</span></em>. To proceed however. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) The interrogative particle ἤ occurs at the beginning +of a sentence at least 8 or 10 times in the N. T.; first, in +S. Matth. vii. 9. It is often scarcely translateable,—being +apparently invested with with no more emphasis than belongs to +our colloquial interrogative <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Eh?</span></em>”</span> But sometimes it would +evidently bear to be represented by <span class="tei tei-q">“Pray,”</span><a id="noteref_538" name="noteref_538" href="#note_538"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">538</span></span></a>—being at least +equivalent to φέρε in Greek or <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">age</span></span> in Latin. Once only +(viz. in 1 Cor. xiv. 36) does this interrogative particle so +eloquently plead for recognition in the text, that both our +A. V. and the R. V. have rendered it <span class="tei tei-q">“What?”</span>—by which +word, by the way, it might very fairly have been represented +in S. Matth. xxvi. 53 and Rom. vi. 3: vii. 1. In five of the +places where the particle occurs. King James's Translators are +observed to have give it up in despair.<a id="noteref_539" name="noteref_539" href="#note_539"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">539</span></span></a> But what is to be +thought of the adventurous dulness which (with the single +exception already indicated) has <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invariably</span></em> rendered ἤ by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page169">[pg 169]</span><a name="Pg169" id="Pg169" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the conjunction <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or</span></em>”</span>? The blunder is the more inexcusable, +because the intrusion of such an irrelevant conjunction into +places where it is without either use or meaning cannot have +failed to attract the notice of every member of the Revising +body. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) At the risk of being wearisome, we must add a few +words.—Καί, though no particle but a conjunction, may for +our present purpose be reasonably spoken of under the same +head; being diversely rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“and,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“and yet,”</span><a id="noteref_540" name="noteref_540" href="#note_540"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">540</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“then,”</span><a id="noteref_541" name="noteref_541" href="#note_541"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">541</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“or,”</span><a id="noteref_542" name="noteref_542" href="#note_542"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">542</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“neither,”</span><a id="noteref_543" name="noteref_543" href="#note_543"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">543</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“though,”</span><a id="noteref_544" name="noteref_544" href="#note_544"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">544</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“so,”</span><a id="noteref_545" name="noteref_545" href="#note_545"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">545</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“but,”</span><a id="noteref_546" name="noteref_546" href="#note_546"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">546</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“for,”</span><a id="noteref_547" name="noteref_547" href="#note_547"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">547</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“that,”</span><a id="noteref_548" name="noteref_548" href="#note_548"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">548</span></span></a>—in +conformity with what may be called the genius +of the English language. The last six of these renderings, +however, our Revisionists disallow; everywhere thrusting +out the word which the argument seems rather to require, +and with mechanical precision thrusting into its place every +time the (perfectly safe, but often palpably inappropriate) +word, <span class="tei tei-q">“and.”</span> With what amount of benefit this has been +effected, one or two samples will sufficiently illustrate:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) The Revisionists inform us that when <span class="tei tei-q">“the high priest +Ananias commanded them that stood by him to smite him +on the mouth,”</span>—S. Paul exclaimed, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> shall smite thee, +thou whited wall: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and</span></span> sittest thou to judge me after the +law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the +law?”</span><a id="noteref_549" name="noteref_549" href="#note_549"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">549</span></span></a>... Do these learned men really imagine that they +have improved upon the A. V. by their officiousness in +altering <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">for</span></span>”</span> into <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and</span></span>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) The same Apostle, having ended his argument to the +Hebrews, remarks,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">So</span></em> we see that they could not enter in +because of unbelief”</span> (Heb. iii. 19): for which, our Revisionists +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page170">[pg 170]</span><a name="Pg170" id="Pg170" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +again substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“And.”</span> Begin the sentence with <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and</span></span>,”</span> +(instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“So,”</span>) and, in compensation for what you have +clearly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lost</span></em>, what have you <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gained</span></em>?... Once more:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Consider what S. Paul writes concerning Apollos +(in 1 Cor. xvi. 12), and then say what possible advantage +is obtained by writing <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and</span></span>”</span> (instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">but</span></span>”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“his will was +not at all to come at this time”</span>.... Yet once more; and on +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> occasion, scholarship is to some extent involved:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) When S. James (i. 11) says ἀνέτειλε γὰρ ὁ ἥλιος ... +καὶ ἐξήρανε τὸν χόρτον,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> knows not that what his +language strictly means in idiomatic English, is,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">No sooner</span></em> +does the sun arise,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">than</span></em> it withereth the grass”</span>? And so +in effect our Translators of 1611. What possible improvement +on this can it be to substitute, <span class="tei tei-q">“For the sun ariseth ... +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and</span></span> withereth the grass”</span>?—Only once more:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) Though καί undeniably means <span class="tei tei-q">“and,”</span> and πῶς, <span class="tei tei-q">“how,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> +knows not that καὶ πῶς means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">How then?</span></em>”</span> And +yet, (as if a stupid little boy had been at work,) in two +places,—(namely, in S. Mark iv. 13 and S. Luke xx. 44,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">and +how</span></span>”</span> is found mercilessly thrust in, to the great detriment +of the discourse; while in other two,—(namely, in +S. John xiv. 5 and 9,)—the text itself has been mercilessly +deprived of its characteristic καί by the Revisionists.—Let +this suffice. One might fill many quires of paper with such +instances of tasteless, senseless, vexatious, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most unscholarlike</span></em> +innovation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VIII. <span class="tei tei-q">“Many changes”</span> (we are informed) <span class="tei tei-q">“have been introduced +in the rendering of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Prepositions</span></span>.”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span>, iii. +2, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>]:—and we are speedily reminded of the truth of the +statement, for (as was shown above [pp. <a href="#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref">155-6</a>]) the second +chapter of S. Matthew's Gospel exhibits the Revisionists +<span class="tei tei-q">“all a-field”</span> in respect of διά. <span class="tei tei-q">“We have rarely made any +change”</span> (they add) <span class="tei tei-q">“where the true meaning of the original +would be apparent to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a Reader of ordinary intelligence</span></em>.”</span> It +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page171">[pg 171]</span><a name="Pg171" id="Pg171" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +would of course ill become such an one as the present +Reviewer to lay claim to the foregoing flattering designation: +but really, when he now for the first time reads (in Acts +ix. 25) that the disciples of Damascus let S. Paul down +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through the wall</span></em>,”</span> he must be pardoned for regretting the +absence of a marginal reference to the history of Pyramus +and Thisbe in order to suggest <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how</span></em> the operation was effected: +for, as it stands, the R. V. is to him simply unintelligible. +Inasmuch as the basket (σπυρίς) in which the Apostle +effected his escape was of considerable size, do but think +what an extravagantly large hole it must have been to enable +them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> to get through!... But let us look further. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Was it then in order to bring Scripture within the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">captus</span></span> +of <span class="tei tei-q">“a Reader of ordinary intelligence”</span> that the Revisers have +introduced no less than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thirty changes</span></em> into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight-and-thirty +words</span></em> of S. Peter's 2nd Epistle? Particular attention is +invited to the following interesting specimen of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revision</span></em>.”</span> +It is the only one we shall offer of the many <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contrasts</span></em> we +had marked for insertion. We venture also to enquire, +whether the Revisers will consent to abide by it as a +specimen of their skill in dealing with the Preposition ἐν? +</p> + +<table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="2"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">A. V.</td><td class="tei tei-cell">R. V.</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And beside all this, giving +all diligence, add to your faith +virtue; and to virtue knowledge; +and to knowledge temperance; +and to temperance +patience; and to patience godliness; +and to godliness brotherly +kindness; and to brotherly +kindness charity.”</span>—[2 +Pet. i. 5-7.]</td> +<td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“Yea (1), and for (2) this very (3) cause (4) +adding (5) on (6) your part (7) all diligence, +in (8) your faith supply (9) +virtue; and in (10) your (11) virtue +knowledge; and in (12) your (13) knowledge +temperance; and in (14) your (15) +temperance patience; and in (16) +your (17) patience godliness; and +in (18) your (19) godliness love (20) of (21) the (22) +brethren (23); and in (24) your (25) love (26) of (27) +the (28) brethren (29) love (30).”</span></td></tr></tbody></table> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page172">[pg 172]</span><a name="Pg172" id="Pg172" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The foregoing strikes us as a singular illustration of +the Revisionists' statement (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span>, iii. 2),—<span class="tei tei-q">“We made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> +change <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if the meaning was fairly expressed</span></em> by the word or +phrase that was before us in the Authorized Version.”</span> To +ourselves it appears that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one of those 30 changes is a +change for the worse</span></em>; and that one of the most exquisite +passages in the N. T. has been hopelessly spoiled,—rendered +in fact well-nigh unintelligible,—by the pedantic officiousness +of the Revisers. Were they—(if the question be allowable)—bent +on removing none but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>,”</span> +when they substituted those 30 words? Was it in token of +their stern resolve <span class="tei tei-q">“to introduce into the Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as few alterations +as possible</span></em>,”</span> that they spared the eight words which +remain out of the eight-and-thirty? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As for their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wooden</span></em> rendering of ἐν, it ought to suffice +to refer them to S. Mk. i. 23, S. Lu. xiv. 31, to prove that sometimes +ἐν can only be rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with</span></em>”</span>:—and to S. Luke vii. 17, +to show them that ἐν sometimes means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">throughout</span></em>”</span>:—and to +Col. i. 16, and Heb. i. 1, 2, in proof that sometimes it means +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>.”</span>—On the other hand, their suggestion that ἐν may be +rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span> in S. Luke i. 51, convicts them of not being +aware that <span class="tei tei-q">“the proud-in-the-imagination-of-their-hearts”</span> is +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a phrase</span></em>—in which perforce <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span> has no business whatever. +One is surprised to have to teach professed Critics and +Scholars an elementary fact like this. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In brief, these learned men are respectfully assured that +there is not one of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Parts of Speech”</span> which will consent +to be handled after the inhumane fashion which seems to be +to themselves congenial. Whatever they may think of the +matter, it is nothing else but absurd to speak of an Angel +<span class="tei tei-q">“casting his sickle <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into the earth</span></em>”</span> (Rev. xiv. 19).—As for his +<span class="tei tei-q">“pouring out his bowl <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upon the air</span></em>”</span> (xvi. 17),—we really +fail to understand the nature of the operation.—And pray, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page173">[pg 173]</span><a name="Pg173" id="Pg173" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +What is supposed to be the meaning of <span class="tei tei-q">“the things <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upon +the heavens</span></em>”</span>—in Ephesians i. 10? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Returning to the preposition διά followed by the genitive,—(in +respect of which the Revisionists challenge Criticism by +complaining in their Preface [iii. 3 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad fin.</span></span>] that in the A. V. +<span class="tei tei-q">“ideas of instrumentality or of mediate agency, distinctly +marked in the original, have been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">confused or obscured in the +Translation</span></em>,”</span>)—we have to point out:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1st) That these distinguished individuals seem not to be +aware that the proprieties of English speech forbid the use of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span> (as a substitute for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span>) in certain expressions +where instrumentality is concerned. Thus, <span class="tei tei-q">“the Son of man”</span> +was not betrayed <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span> Judas, but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span> him (Matt. xxvi. +24: Luke xxii. 22).—Still less is it allowable to say that a +prophecy was <span class="tei tei-q">“spoken,”</span> nay <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em> the Prophet”</span> +(Matth. i. 22 and margin of ii. 5). <span class="tei tei-q">“Who spake <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">by</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> the Prophets</span></em>,”</span> +is even an article of the Faith. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And (2ndly),—That these scholars have in consequence +adopted a see-saw method of rendering διά,—sometimes in +one way, sometimes in the other. First, they give us <span class="tei tei-q">“wonders +and signs done <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> the Apostles”</span> (Acts ii. 43; but in the +margin, <span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span>): presently, <span class="tei tei-q">“a notable miracle hath +been wrought <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em> them”</span> (iv. 16: and this time, the +margin withholds the alternative, <span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span>). Is then <span class="tei tei-q">“the +true meaning”</span> of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>,”</span> in the former place, <span class="tei tei-q">“apparent to a +Reader of ordinary intelligence”</span>? but so obscure in the latter +as to render <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessary</span></em> the alteration to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span>? Or (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">sit +venia verbo</span></span>),—Was it a mere <span class="tei tei-q">“toss-up”</span> with the Revisionists +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> is the proper rendering of διά? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3rdly), In an earlier place (ii. 22), we read of <span class="tei tei-q">“miracles, +wonders, and signs”</span> which <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> did <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> of Nazareth. +Was it reverence, which, on that occasion, forbad the use of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page174">[pg 174]</span><a name="Pg174" id="Pg174" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span>—even in the margin? We hope so: but the preposition +is still the same—διά not ὑπό. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Lastly (4thly),—The doctrine that Creation is the work of +the Divine <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word</span></span>, all Scripture attests. <span class="tei tei-q">“All things were +made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> Him”</span> (S. Jo. i. 3):—<span class="tei tei-q">“the world was made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> Him”</span> +(ver. 10).—Why then, in Col. i. 16, where the same statement +is repeated,—(<span class="tei tei-q">“all things were created <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> Him and for +Him,”</span>)—do we find <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span> substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span>? And why +is the same offence repeated in 1 Cor. vii. 6,—(where we +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ought</span></em> to read,—<span class="tei tei-q">“one <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, of whom are all +things ... and one <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus Christ</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> whom are all +things”</span>)?—Why, especially, in Heb. i. 2, in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em> +whom also [viz. by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Son</span></span>] He made the worlds,”</span> do we +find substituted <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em> whom”</span>?... And why add to +this glaring inconsistency the wretched vacillation of giving +us the choice of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span> (in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span>) in the margin of +S. John i. 3 and 10, and not even offering us the alternative +of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by</span></em>”</span> (in place of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through</span></em>”</span>) in any of the other places,—although +the preposition is διά on every occasion? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus much for the Revisers' handling of the Prepositions. +We shall have said all that we can find room for, +when we have further directed attention to the uncritical +and unscholarlike Note with which they have disfigured the +margin of S. Mark i. 9. We are there informed that, +according to the Greek, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“was baptized <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into the +Jordan</span></em>,”</span>—an unintelligible statement to English readers, as +well as a misleading one. Especially on their guard should +the Revisers have been hereabouts,—seeing that, in a place +of vital importance on the opposite side of the open page +(viz. in S. Matth. xxviii. 19), they had already substituted +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em>.”</span> This latter alteration, one of the Revisers +(Dr. Vance Smith) rejoices over, because it obliterates (in his +account) the evidence for Trinitarian doctrine. That the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page175">[pg 175]</span><a name="Pg175" id="Pg175" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Revisionists, as a body, intended nothing less,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> can +doubt? But then, if they really deemed it necessary to +append a note to S. Mark i. 9 in order to explain to the public +that the preposition εἰς signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into</span></em>”</span> rather than <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em>,”</span>—why +did they not at least go on to record the elementary +fact that εἰς has here (what grammarians call) a <span class="tei tei-q">“pregnant +signification”</span>? that it implies—(every schoolboy knows it!)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and +that it is used in order to imply</span></em>—that the Holy One +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">went down</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">into</span></span>,”</span> and so, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was baptized</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">in</span></span> the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Jordan</span></em>”</span>?<a id="noteref_550" name="noteref_550" href="#note_550"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">550</span></span></a>... +But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em>, in the name of common sense, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did not the Revisionists +let the Preposition alone</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +IX. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Margin</span></span> of the Revision is the last point to which +our attention is invited, and in the following terms:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The subject of the Marginal Notes deserves special attention. +They represent the results of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a large amount of careful and +elaborate discussion</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and will, perhaps, by their very presence, +indicate to some extent the intricacy of many of the questions +that have almost daily come before us for decision. These +Notes fall into four main groups:—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">First</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, Notes specifying such +differences of reading as were judged to be of sufficient importance +to require a particular notice;—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Secondly</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, Notes indicating +the exact rendering of words to which, for the sake of English +idiom, we were obliged to give a less exact rendering in the +text;—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Thirdly</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, Notes, very few in number, affording some explanation +which the original appeared to require;—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Fourthly</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, +Alternative Renderings in difficult or debateable passages. The +Notes of this last group are numerous, and largely in excess of +those which were admitted by our predecessors. In the 270 +years that have passed away since their labours were concluded, +the Sacred Text has been minutely examined, discussed in every +detail, and analysed with a grammatical precision unknown in +the days of the last Revision. There has thus been accumulated +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page176">[pg 176]</span><a name="Pg176" id="Pg176" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +a large amount of materials that have prepared the way +for different renderings, which necessarily came under discussion.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Preface</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, +iii. 4.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When a body of distinguished Scholars bespeak attention +to a certain part of their work in such terms as these, it is +painful for a Critic to be obliged to declare that he has +surveyed this department of their undertaking with even less +satisfaction than any other. So long, however, as he assigns +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the grounds</span></em> of his dissatisfaction, the Reviewed cannot complain. +The Reviewer puts himself into their power. If he is +mistaken in his censure, his credit is gone. Let us take the +groups in order:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) Having already stated our objections against the many +Notes which specify <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Textual errors</span></em> which the Revisionists +declined to adopt,—we shall here furnish only two instances +of the mischief we deplore:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Against the words, <span class="tei tei-q">“And while they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">abode</span></em> in Galilee”</span> +(S. Matthew xvii. 22), we find it stated,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient +authorities read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were gathering themselves together</span></em>.”</span> The plain +English of which queer piece of information is that א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +exhibit in this place an impossible and untranslatable Reading,—the +substitution of which for ἀναστρεφομένων δὲ ἀυτῶν +can only have proceeded from some Western critic, who was +sufficiently unacquainted with the Greek language to suppose +that ΣΥΝ-στρεφομένων δὲ αὐτῶν, might possibly be the exact +equivalent for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Con</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">-versantibus autem illis</span></em>. This is not the +place for discussing a kind of hallucination which prevailed +largely in the earliest age, especially in regions where Greek +was habitually read through Latin spectacles. (Thus it was, +obviously, that the preposterous substitution of <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euraquilo</span></span> +for <span class="tei tei-q">“Euroclydon,”</span> in Acts xxvii. 14, took its rise.) Such +blunders would be laughable if encountered anywhere except +on holy ground. Apart, however, from the lamentable lack +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page177">[pg 177]</span><a name="Pg177" id="Pg177" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of critical judgment which a marginal note like the present +displays, what is to be thought of the scholarship which +elicits <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">While they were gathering themselves together</span></em>”</span> out of +συστρεφομένων δὲ αὐτῶν? Are we to suppose that the clue +to the Revisers' rendering is to be found in (συστρέψαντος) +Acts xxviii. 3? We should be sorry to think it. They are +assured that the source of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Textual</span></em> blunder which they +mistranslate is to be found, instead, in Baruch iii. 38.<a id="noteref_551" name="noteref_551" href="#note_551"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">551</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) For what conceivable reason is the world now informed +that, instead of <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Melita</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“some ancient authorities read +<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Melitene</span></span>,”</span> in Acts xxviii. 1? Is every pitiful blunder of cod. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> to live on in the margin of every Englishman's copy of the +New Testament, for ever? Why, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> other MSS.—the Syriac +and the Latin versions,—Pamphilus of Cæsarea<a id="noteref_552" name="noteref_552" href="#note_552"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">552</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 294), +the friend of Eusebius,—Cyril of Jerusalem,<a id="noteref_553" name="noteref_553" href="#note_553"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">553</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_554" name="noteref_554" href="#note_554"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">554</span></span></a>—John +Damascene,<a id="noteref_555" name="noteref_555" href="#note_555"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">555</span></span></a>—all the Fathers in short who +quote the place;—the coins, the ancient geographers;—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> +read Μελίτη; which has also been acquiesced in by every +critical Editor of the N. T.—(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">excepting always Drs. Westcott +and Hort</span></em>), from the invention of Printing till now. But +because these two misguided men, without apology, explanation, +note or comment of any kind, have adopted +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Melitene</span></span>”</span> into their text, is the Church of England to be +dragged through the mire also, and made ridiculous in the +eyes of Christendom? This blunder moreover is <span class="tei tei-q">“gross as a +mountain, open, palpable.”</span> One glance at the place, written +in uncials, explains how it arose:—ΜελιτηΗΝΗσοσκαλειται. +Some stupid scribe (as the reader sees) has connected the +first syllable of νῆσος with the last syllable of Μελίτη.<a id="noteref_556" name="noteref_556" href="#note_556"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">556</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page178">[pg 178]</span><a name="Pg178" id="Pg178" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is all! The blunder—(for a blunder it most certainly is)—belongs +to the age and country in which <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Melitene</span></span>”</span> was by +far the more familiar word, being the name of the metropolitan +see of Armenia;<a id="noteref_557" name="noteref_557" href="#note_557"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">557</span></span></a> mention of which crops up in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span> +repeatedly.<a id="noteref_558" name="noteref_558" href="#note_558"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">558</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) and (4) The second and the fourth group may be considered +together. The former comprises those words of which +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">less exact</span></em> rendering finds place in the Text:—the latter, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Alternative renderings</span></em> in difficult and debateable passages.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We presume that here our attention is specially invited to +such notes as the following. Against 1 Cor. xv. 34,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Awake +out of drunkenness righteously</span></em>”</span>:—against S. John i. 14,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an +only begotten from a father</span></em>”</span>:—against 1 Pet. iii. 20,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into +which few, that is, eight souls, were brought safely through +water</span></em>”</span>:—against 2 Pet. iii. 7,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stored with fire</span></em>”</span>:—against +S. John xviii. 37,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Thou sayest it, because I am a king</span></em>”</span>:—against +Ephes. iii. 21,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">All the generations of the age of the +ages</span></em>”</span>:—against Jude ver. 14,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">His holy myriads</span></em>”</span>:—against +Heb. xii. 18,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a palpable and kindled fire</span></em>”</span>:—against Lu. xv. +31,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Child</span></em>, thou art ever with me”</span>:—against Matth. xxi. 28,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Child</span></em>, +go work to-day in my vineyard”</span>:—against xxiv. +3,—<span class="tei tei-q">“What shall be the sign of Thy <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">presence</span></em>, and of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consummation +of the age</span></em>?”</span>—against Tit. i. 2,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">before times +eternal</span></em>”</span>: against Mk. iv. 29,—<span class="tei tei-q">“When the fruit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alloweth</span></em> [and +why not <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yieldeth</span></em> itself’</span>?], straightway <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he sendeth forth</span></em> the +sickle”</span>:—against Ephes. iv. 17,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">through every joint of the +supply</span></em>”</span>:—against ver. 29,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the building up of the need</span></em>”</span>:—against +Lu. ii. 29,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Master</span></em>, now lettest thou Thy <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondservant</span></em> +depart in peace”</span>:—against Acts iv. 24,—<span class="tei tei-q">“O <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Master</span></em>, +thou that didst make the heaven and the earth”</span>:—against +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page179">[pg 179]</span><a name="Pg179" id="Pg179" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Lu. i. 78,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Because of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the heart of mercy</span></em> of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>.”</span> Concerning +all such renderings we will but say, that although +they are unquestionably better in the Margin than in the +Text; it also admits no manner of doubt that they would +have been best of all in neither. Were the Revisionists +serious when they suggested as the more <span class="tei tei-q">“exact”</span> rendering of +2 Pet. i. 20,—<span class="tei tei-q">“No prophecy of Scripture is of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">special</span></em> interpretation”</span>? +And what did they mean (1 Pet. ii. 2) by <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +spiritual milk which is without guile</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Not a few marginal glosses might have been dispensed +with. Thus, against διδάσκαλος, upwards of 50 times stands +the Annotation, <span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teacher</span></em>.”</span>—Ἄρτος, (another word of perpetual +recurrence,) is every time explained to mean <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a loaf</span></em>.”</span> +But is this reasonable? seeing that φαγεῖν ἄρτον (Luke xiv. 1) +can mean nothing else but <span class="tei tei-q">“to eat <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bread</span></em>”</span>: not to mention +the petition for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">daily bread</span></em>”</span> in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> prayer. These +learned men, however, do not spare us even when mention is +made of <span class="tei tei-q">“taking the children's <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bread</span></em> and casting it to the +dogs”</span> (Mk. vii. 27): while in the enquiry,—<span class="tei tei-q">“If a son shall +ask <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bread</span></em> of any of you that is a father”</span> (Lu. xi. 11), <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">loaf</span></em>”</span> is +actually thrust into the text.—We cannot understand why +such marked favour has been shown to similar easy words. +Δοῦλος, occurring upwards of 100 times in the New Testament, +is invariably honoured (sometimes [as in Jo. xv. 15] +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twice in the course of the same verse</span></em>) with 2 lines to itself, to +explain that in Greek it is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondservant</span></em>.”</span>—About 60 times, +δαιμόνιον is explained in the margin to be <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demon</span></em>”</span> in the +Greek.—It has been deemed necessary 15 times to devote +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three lines</span></em> to explain the value of <span class="tei tei-q">“a penny.”</span>—Whenever +τέκνον is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Son</span></em>,”</span> we are molested with a marginal +annotation, to the effect that the Greek word means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">child</span></em>.”</span> +Had the Revisionists been consistent, the margins would not +nearly have sufficed for the many interesting details of this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page180">[pg 180]</span><a name="Pg180" id="Pg180" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +nature with which their knowledge of Greek would have +furnished them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +May we be allowed to suggest, that it would have been +better worth while to explain to the unlearned that ἀρχαι +in S. Peter's vision (Acts x. 11; xi. 5) in strictness means +not <span class="tei tei-q">“corners,”</span> but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">beginnings</span></em>”</span> [cf. Gen. ii. 10]:—that τὴν +πρώτην (in Lu. xv. 22) is literally <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the first</span></em>”</span> [cf. Gen. iii. 7] +(not <span class="tei tei-q">“the best”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“robe”</span>:—that ἀληθινός (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> in Lu. xvi. 11: +Jo. i. 9: vi. 32; and especially in xv. 1 and Heb. viii. 2 and +ix. 24) means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very</span></em>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">real</span></em>,”</span> rather than <span class="tei tei-q">“true”</span>?—And +when two different words are employed in Greek (as in S. Jo. +xxi. 15, 16, 17:—S. Mk. vii. 33, 35, &c. &c.), would it not +have been as well to try to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">represent</span></em> them in English? For +want of such assistance, no unlearned reader of S. Matth. iv. +18, 20, 21: S. Mk. i. 16, 18, 19: S. Lu. v. 2,—will ever be +able to understand the precise circumstances under which +the first four Apostles left their <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nets</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) The third group consists of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Explanatory Notes</span></em> required +by the obscurity of the original. Such must be the annotation +against S. Luke i. 15 (explanatory of <span class="tei tei-q">“strong drink”</span>),—<span class="tei tei-q">“Gr. +sikera.”</span> And yet, the word (σίκερα) happens to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> +Greek, but Hebrew.—On the other hand, such must be the +annotation against μωρέ, in S. Matth. v. 22:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Moreh</span></span>, a +Hebrew expression of condemnation;”</span> which statement is +incorrect. The word proves to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> Hebrew, but Greek.—And +this, against <span class="tei tei-q">“Maran atha”</span> in 1 Cor. xvi. 22,—<span class="tei tei-q">“That is, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Our </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> cometh</span></em>:”</span> which also proves to be a mistake. The +phrase means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Our </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> is come</span></em>,”</span>—which represents a widely +different notion.<a id="noteref_559" name="noteref_559" href="#note_559"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">559</span></span></a>—Surely a room-full of learned men, volunteering +to put the N. T. to-rights, ought to have made more +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page181">[pg 181]</span><a name="Pg181" id="Pg181" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sure of their elementary <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em> before they ventured to compromise +the Church of England after this fashion!—Against +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the husks</span></em> which the swine did eat”</span> (Lu. xv. 16), we find, <span class="tei tei-q">“Gr. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the pods of the carob tree</span></em>,”</span>—which is really not true. The Greek +word is κεράτια,—which only signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“the pods of the carob +tree,”</span> as <span class="tei tei-q">“French beans”</span> signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“the pods of the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Phaseolus +vulgaris</span></span>.”</span>—By the way, it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quite</span></em> certain that μύλος ὀνικός +[in Matth. xviii. 6 and Lu. xvii. 2 (not Mk. xi. 42)] signifies +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a mill-stone turned by an ass</span></em>”</span>? Hilary certainly thought so: +but is that thing at all likely? What if it should appear that +μύλος ὀνικός merely denotes the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upper</span></em> mill-stone (λίθος +μυλικός, as S. Mark calls it,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the stone that grinds</span></em>), and which +we know was called ὄνος by the ancients?<a id="noteref_560" name="noteref_560" href="#note_560"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">560</span></span></a>—Why is <span class="tei tei-q">“the +brook Cedron”</span> (Jo. xviii. 1) first spelt <span class="tei tei-q">“Kidron,”</span> and then +explained to mean <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ravine of the cedars</span></em>”</span>? which <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Kidron</span></span>”</span> no +more means that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Kishon</span></span>”</span> means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the ivies</span></em>,”</span>—(though the +Septuagintal usage [Judges iv. 13: Ps. lxxxiii. 9] shows that +τῶν κισσῶν was in its common Hellenistic designation). As +for calling the Kidron <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a ravine</span></em>,”</span> you might as well call +<span class="tei tei-q">“Mercury”</span> in <span class="tei tei-q">“Tom quad”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a lake</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Infelictious”</span> is the +mildest epithet we can bestow upon marginal annotations +crude, questionable,—even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inaccurate</span></em> as these. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then further, <span class="tei tei-q">“Simon, the son of <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Jona</span></span>”</span> (in S. John i. 42 +and xxi. 15), is for the first time introduced to our notice +by the Revisionists as <span class="tei tei-q">“the son of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">John</span></em>:”</span> with an officious +marginal annotation that in Greek the name is written +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Ioanes</span></span>.”</span> But is it fair in the Revisers (we modestly ask) +to thrust in this way the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bêtises</span></span> of their favourite codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +upon us? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">In no codex in the world except the Vatican codex</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, is <span class="tei tei-q">“Ioannes”</span> spelt <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Ioanes</span></span>”</span> in this place. Besides, the +name of Simon Peter's father was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“John”</span> at all, but +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Jona</span></span>,”</span>—as appears from S. Matth. xvi. 17, and the present +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page182">[pg 182]</span><a name="Pg182" id="Pg182" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +two places in S. John's Gospel; where the evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">against</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ioannes”</span> is overwhelming. This is in fact the handy-work of +Dr. Hort. But surely the office of marginal notes ought to be +to assist, not to mislead plain readers: honestly, to state <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em>,—not, +by a side-wind, to commit the Church of England to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +new (and absurd) Textual theory</span></em>! The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">actual Truth</span></em>, we insist, +should be stated in the margin, whenever unnecessary information +is gratuitously thrust upon unlearned and unsuspicious +readers.... Thus, we avow that we are offended at reading +(against S. John i. 18)—<span class="tei tei-q">“Many very ancient authorities read +<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> only begotten</span></em>’</span> ”</span>: whereas the <span class="tei tei-q">“authorities”</span> alluded to +read μονογενὴς Θεός,—(whether with or without the article +[ὁ] prefixed,)—which (as the Revisionists are perfectly well +aware) means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only-begotten </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>,”</span> and no other thing. +Why then did they not say so? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Because</span></em> (we answer)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they +were ashamed of the expression</span></em>. But to proceed.—The information +is volunteered (against Matth. xxvi. 36 and Mk. +xiv. 32) that χωρίον means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an enclosed piece of ground</span></em>,”</span>—which +is not true. The statement seems to have proceeded +from the individual who translated ἄμφοδον (in Mk. xi. 4) +the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">open street</span></em>:”</span> whereas the word merely denotes the <span class="tei tei-q">“highway,”</span>—literally +the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thoroughfare</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A very little real familiarity with the Septuagint would +have secured these Revisers against the perpetual exposure +which they make of themselves in their marginal Notes.—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) +Πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, for instance, is quite an ordinary +expression for <span class="tei tei-q">“always,”</span> and therefore should not be exhibited +(in the margin of S. Matth. xxviii. 20) as a curiosity,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Gr. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the days</span></em>.”</span>—So (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) with respect to the word αἰών, which +seems to have greatly exercised the Revisionists. What need, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every time it occurs</span></em>, to explain that εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν +αἰώνων means literally <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto the ages of the ages</span></em>”</span>? Surely +(as in Ps. xlv. 6, quoted Heb. i. 8,) the established rendering +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page183">[pg 183]</span><a name="Pg183" id="Pg183" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(<span class="tei tei-q">“for ever and ever”</span>) is plain enough and needs no gloss!—Again, +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) the numeral εἰς, representing the Hebrew substitute +for the indefinite article, prevails throughout the Septuagint. +Examples of its use occur in the N. T. in S. Matth. viii. 19 +and ix. 18;-xxvi. 69 (μία παιδίσκη), Mk. xii. 42: and in +Rev. viii. 13: ix. 13: xviii. 21 and xix. 17;—where <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> +scribe,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> ruler,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> widow,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> eagle,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> voice,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> +angel,”</span> are really nothing else but mistranslations. True, that +εἶς is found in the original Greek: but what then? Because +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">une</span></span>”</span> means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em>,”</span> will it be pretended that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="fr" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="fr"><span style="font-style: italic">Tu es une bête</span></span>”</span> +would be properly rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Thou art one beast</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) Far more serious is the substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“having <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a great</span></em> +priest over the house of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> (Heb. x. 21), for <span class="tei tei-q">“having <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an +high</span></em> priest:”</span> inasmuch as this obscures <span class="tei tei-q">“the pointed reference +to our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> as the antitype of the Jewish high priest,”</span>—who +(except in Lev. iv. 3) is designated, not ἀρχιερεύς, but either +ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας, or else ὁ ἱερεύς only,—as in Acts v. 24<a id="noteref_561" name="noteref_561" href="#note_561"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">561</span></span></a>.... +And (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) why are we presented with <span class="tei tei-q">“For <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no word from </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> +shall be void of power</span></em>”</span> (in S. Luke i. 37)? Seeing that the +Greek of that place has been fashioned on the Septuagintal +rendering of Gen. xviii. 14 (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Is anything too hard for the +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">?</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_562" name="noteref_562" href="#note_562"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">562</span></span></a>), we venture to think that the A. V. (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for with </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> +nothing shall be impossible</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_563" name="noteref_563" href="#note_563"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">563</span></span></a>) ought to have been let alone. +It cannot be mended. One is surprised to discover that +among so many respectable Divines there seems not to have +been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> sufficiently familiar with the Septuagint to preserve +his brethren from perpetually falling into such mistakes as +the foregoing. We really had no idea that the Hellenistic +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page184">[pg 184]</span><a name="Pg184" id="Pg184" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +scholarship of those who represented the Church and the +Sects in the Jerusalem Chamber, was so inconsiderable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Two or three of the foregoing examples refer to matters of +a recondite nature. Not so the majority of the Annotations +which belong to this third group; which we have examined +with real astonishment—and in fact have remarked upon +already. Shall we be thought hard to please if we avow +that we rather desiderate <span class="tei tei-q">“Explanatory Notes”</span> on matters +which really <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do</span></em> call for explanation? as, to be reminded of +what kind was the <span class="tei tei-q">“net”</span> (ἀμφίβληστρον) mentioned in Matth. +iv. 18 (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> 20), and Mk. i. 16 (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> 18):—to see it explained +(against Matth. ii. 23) that <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">netser</span></span> (the root of <span class="tei tei-q">“Nazareth”</span>) +denotes <span class="tei tei-q">“Branch:”</span>—and against Matth. iii. 5; Lu. iii. 3, that +ἡ περίχωρος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου, signifies <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">depressed valley of +the Jordan</span></em>,”</span> as the usage of the LXX. proves.<a id="noteref_564" name="noteref_564" href="#note_564"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">564</span></span></a> We should +have been glad to see, against S. Lu. ix. 31,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Gr. <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Exodus</span></span>.”</span>—At +least in the margin, we might have been told that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Olivet</span></span>”</span> +is the true rendering of Lu. xix. 29 and xxi. 37: (or were the +Revisionists not aware of the fact? They are respectfully referred +to the Bp. of Lincoln's note on the place last quoted.)—Nay, +why not tell us (against Matth. i. 21) that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>”</span> +means [not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Saviour</span></em>,”</span> but] <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Jehovah</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> is Salvation</span></span>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But above all, surely so many learned men ought to have +spared us the absurd Annotation set against <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ointment of +spikenard</span></em>”</span> (νάρδου πιστικῆς,) in S. Mark xiv. 3 and in S. John +xii. 3. Their marginal Note is as follows:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Gr. </span><span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">pistic</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> nard, pistic being perhaps a local name. Others +take it to mean </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">genuine</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">; others </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">liquid</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Can Scholars require to be told that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">liquid</span></em>”</span> is an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">impossible</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page185">[pg 185]</span><a name="Pg185" id="Pg185" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sense of πιστική in this place? The epithet so interpreted +must be derived (like πιστός [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prom.</span></span> V. v. 489]) from πίνω, and +would mean <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">drinkable</span></em>: but since ointment <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cannot</span></em> be drunk, +it is certain that we must seek the etymology of the word +elsewhere. And why should the weak ancient conjecture +be retained that it is <span class="tei tei-q">“perhaps a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">local</span></em> name”</span>? Do Divines +require to have it explained to them that the one <span class="tei tei-q">“locality”</span> +which effectually fixes the word's meaning, is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its place in the +everlasting Gospel</span></em>?... Be silent on such lofty matters if +you will, by all means; but <span class="tei tei-q">“who are these that darken +counsel by words without knowledge?”</span> S. Mark and S. +John (whose narratives by the way never touch exclusively +except in this place<a id="noteref_565" name="noteref_565" href="#note_565"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">565</span></span></a>) are observed here to employ an ordinary +word with lofty spiritual purpose. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pure faith</span></em> (πίστις) +in which that offering of the ointment was made, determines +the choice of an unusual epithet (πιστικός) which shall +signify <span class="tei tei-q">“faithful”</span> rather than <span class="tei tei-q">“genuine,”</span>—shall suggest a +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">moral</span></em> rather than a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">commercial</span></em> quality: just as, presently, +Mary's <span class="tei tei-q">“breaking”</span> the box (συντρίψασα) is designated by +a word which has reference to a broken heart.<a id="noteref_566" name="noteref_566" href="#note_566"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">566</span></span></a> She <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contrited</span></em>”</span> +it, S. Mark says; and S. John adds a statement +which implies that the Church has been rendered fragrant by +her act for ever.<a id="noteref_567" name="noteref_567" href="#note_567"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">567</span></span></a> (We trust to be forgiven for having said +a little more than the occasion absolutely requires.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) Under which of the four previous <span class="tei tei-q">“groups”</span> certain +Annotations which disfigure the margin of the first chapter of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page186">[pg 186]</span><a name="Pg186" id="Pg186" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +S. Matthew's Gospel, should fall,—we know not. Let them +be briefly considered by themselves. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So dull of comprehension are we, that we fail to see +on what principle it is stated that—<span class="tei tei-q">“Ram,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Asa,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Amon,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Shealtiel,”</span> are in Greek (<span class="tei tei-q">“Gr.”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Aram</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Asaph</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Amos</span></span>,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Salathiel</span></span>.”</span> For (1),—Surely it was just as needful (or just +as needless) to explain that <span class="tei tei-q">“Perez,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Zarah,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Hezron,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Nahson,”</span> are in Greek <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Phares</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Zara</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Esrom</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Naasson</span></span>.”</span>—But +(2), Through what <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity”</span> are the names, which we +have been hitherto contented to read as the Evangelist wrote +them, now exhibited on the first page of the Gospel in any +other way?<a id="noteref_568" name="noteref_568" href="#note_568"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">568</span></span></a>—(3) Assuming, however, the O. T. spelling +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> to be adopted, then <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">let us have it explained to us why </span><span class="tei tei-q">“Jeconiah”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> +in ver. 11 is not written</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Jehoiakim”</span>? (As for <span class="tei tei-q">“Jeconiah”</span> +in ver. 12,—it was for the Revisionists to settle whether +they would call him <span class="tei tei-q">“Jehoiachin,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Jeconiah,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Coniah.”</span> +[By the way,—Is it lawful to suppose that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they did not know</span></em> +that <span class="tei tei-q">“Jechonias”</span> here represents two different persons?])—On +the other hand, (4) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Amos</span></span>”</span> probably,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Asaph</span></span>”</span> certainly,—are +corrupt exhibitions of <span class="tei tei-q">“Amon”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Asa:”</span> and, if noticed +at all, should have been introduced to the reader's notice +with the customary formula, <span class="tei tei-q">“some ancient authorities,”</span> &c.—To +proceed—(5), Why substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“Immanuel”</span> (for <span class="tei tei-q">“Emmanuel”</span>) +in ver. 23,—only to have to state in the margin that +S. Matthew writes it <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Emmanuel</span></span>”</span>? By strict parity of +reasoning, against <span class="tei tei-q">“Naphtali”</span> (in ch. iv. 13, 15), the Revisionists +ought to have written <span class="tei tei-q">“Gr. <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Nephthaleim</span></span>.”</span>—And +(6), If this is to be the rule, then why are we not told that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page187">[pg 187]</span><a name="Pg187" id="Pg187" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Mary is in <span class="tei tei-q">‘Gr. <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Mariam</span></span>’</span> ”</span>? and why is not Zacharias +written <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Zachariah</span></span>”</span>?... But (to conclude),—What is the +object of all this officiousness? and (its unavoidable adjunct) +all this inconsistency? Has the spelling of the 42 names +been revolutionized, in order to sever with the Past and +to make <span class="tei tei-q">“a fresh departure”</span>? Or were the four marginal +notes added <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only for the sake of obtaining, by a side-wind, the +(apparent) sanction of the Church</span></em> to the preposterous notion +that <span class="tei tei-q">“Asa”</span> was written <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Asaph</span></span>”</span> by the Evangelist—in conformity +with six MSS. of bad character, but in defiance of +History, documentary Evidence, and internal Probability? +Canon Cook [pp. 23-24] has some important remarks on +this. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +X. We must needs advert again to the ominous admission +made in the Revisionists' <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> (iii. 2 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">init.</span></span>), that to some +extent they recognized the duty of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rigid adherence to the +rule of translating</span></em>, as far as possible, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">same Greek word by +the same English word</span></em>.”</span> This mistaken principle of theirs lies +at the root of so much of the mischief which has befallen the +Authorized Version, that it calls for fuller consideration at our +hands than it has hitherto (viz. at pp. <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref">138</a> and <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref">152</a>) received. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The <span class="tei tei-q">“Translators”</span> of 1611, towards the close of their long +and quaint Address <span class="tei tei-q">“to the Reader,”</span> offer the following +statement concerning what had been their own practice:—<span class="tei tei-q">“We +have not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tied ourselves</span></em>”</span> (say they) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to an uniformity of +phrasing, or to an identity of words</span></em>, as some peradventure +would wish that we had done.”</span> On this, they presently +enlarge. We have been <span class="tei tei-q">“especially careful,”</span> have even +<span class="tei tei-q">“made a conscience,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“not to vary from the sense of that +which we had translated before, if the word signified the +same thing in both places.”</span> But then, (as they shrewdly +point out in passing,) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there be some words that be not of the +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page188">[pg 188]</span><a name="Pg188" id="Pg188" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +same sense everywhere</span></em>.”</span> And had this been the sum of their +avowal, no one with a spark of Taste, or with the least +appreciation of what constitutes real Scholarship, would +have been found to differ from them. Nay, even when +they go on to explain that they have not thought it desirable +to insist on invariably expressing <span class="tei tei-q">“the same notion”</span> by employing +<span class="tei tei-q">“the same particular word;”</span>—(which they illustrate +by instancing terms which, in their account, may with +advantage be diversely rendered in different places;)—we +are still disposed to avow ourselves of their mind. <span class="tei tei-q">“If”</span> (say +they,) <span class="tei tei-q">“we translate the Hebrew or Greek word once <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">purpose</span></em>, +never to call it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">intent</span></em>; if one where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">journeying</span></em>, never <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">travelling</span></em>; +if one where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">think</span></em>, never <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">suppose</span></em>; if one where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pain</span></em>, +never <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ache</span></em>; if one where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">joy</span></em>, never <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gladness</span></em>;—thus to mince +the matter, we thought to savour more of curiosity than +of wisdom.”</span> And yet it is plain that a different principle +is here indicated from that which went before. The remark +<span class="tei tei-q">“that niceness in words was always counted the next step to +trifling,”</span> suggests that, in the Translators' opinion, it matters +little <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> word, in the several pairs of words they instance, +is employed; and that, for their own parts, they rather +rejoice in the ease and freedom which an ample vocabulary +supplies to a Translator of Holy Scripture. Here also however, +as already hinted, we are disposed to go along with +them. Rhythm, subtle associations of thought, proprieties +of diction which are rather to be felt than analysed,—any of +such causes may reasonably determine a Translator to reject +<span class="tei tei-q">“purpose,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“journey,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“think,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“pain,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“joy,”</span>—in favour of +<span class="tei tei-q">“intent,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“travel,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“suppose,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“ache,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“gladness.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But then it speedily becomes evident that, at the +bottom of all this, there existed in the minds of the +Revisionists of 1611 a profound (shall we not rather say +a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prophetic</span></em>?) consciousness, that the fate of the English +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page189">[pg 189]</span><a name="Pg189" id="Pg189" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Language itself was bound up with the fate of their Translation. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Hence</span></em> their reluctance to incur the responsibility of +tying themselves <span class="tei tei-q">“to an uniformity of phrasing, or to an +identity of words.”</span> We should be liable to censure (such is +their plain avowal), <span class="tei tei-q">“if we should say, as it were, unto certain +words, Stand up higher, have a place in the Bible always; +and to others of like quality, Get you hence, be banished for +ever.”</span> But this, to say the least, is to introduce a distinct and +a somewhat novel consideration. We would not be thought +to deny that there is some—perhaps a great deal—of truth +in it: but by this time we seem to have entirely shifted our +ground. And we more than suspect that, if a jury of English +scholars of the highest mark could be impanelled to declare +their mind on the subject thus submitted to their judgment, +there would be practical unanimity among them in declaring, +that these learned men,—with whom all would avow hearty +sympathy, and whose taste and skill all would eagerly +acknowledge,—have occasionally pushed the license they +enunciate so vigorously, a little—perhaps a great deal—too +far. For ourselves, we are glad to be able to subscribe +cordially to the sentiment on this head expressed by the +author of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> of 1881: +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">They seem</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(he says, speaking of the Revisionists of 1611)—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">to +have been guided by the feeling that their Version would +secure for the words they used a lasting place in the language; +and they express a fear lest they should </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">be charged (by scoffers) +with some unequal dealing towards a great number of good +English words,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> which, without this liberty on their part, would +not have a place in the pages of the English Bible. Still it cannot +be doubted that their studied avoidance of uniformity in the +rendering of the same words, even when occurring in the same +context, is one of the blemishes in their work.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Preface</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, (i. 2). +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Yes, it cannot be doubted. When S. Paul, in a long and +familiar passage (2 Cor. i. 3-7), is observed studiously to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page190">[pg 190]</span><a name="Pg190" id="Pg190" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +linger over the same word (παράκλησις namely, which is +generally rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">comfort</span></em>”</span>);—to harp upon it;—to reproduce +it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ten times</span></em> in the course of those five verses;—it +seems unreasonable that a Translator, as if in defiance of the +Apostle, should on four occasions (viz. when the word comes +back for the 6th, 7th, 9th, and 10th times), for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">comfort</span></em>”</span> +substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">consolation</span></em>.”</span> And this one example may serve as +well as a hundred. It would really seem as if the Revisionists +of 1611 had considered it a graceful achievement to vary the +English phrase even on occasions where a marked identity of +expression characterizes the original Greek. When we find +them turning <span class="tei tei-q">“goodly apparel,”</span> (in S. James ii. 2,) into <span class="tei tei-q">“gay +clothing,”</span> (in ver. 3,)—we can but conjecture that they conceived +themselves at liberty to act exactly as S. James +himself would (possibly) have acted had he been writing +English. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But if the learned men who gave us our A. V. may +be thought to have erred on the side of excess, there can be +no doubt whatever, (at least among competent judges,) that +our Revisionists have sinned far more grievously and with +greater injury to the Deposit, by their slavish proclivity to +the opposite form of error. We must needs speak out +plainly: for the question before us is not, What defects are +discoverable in our Authorized Version?—but, What amount +of gain would be likely to accrue to the Church if the +present Revision were accepted as a substitute? And we +assert without hesitation, that the amount of certain loss +would so largely outweigh the amount of possible gain, +that the proposal may not be seriously entertained for a +moment. As well on grounds of Scholarship and Taste, as +of Textual Criticism (as explained at large in our former +Article), the work before us is immensely inferior. To +speak plainly, it is an utter failure. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page191">[pg 191]</span><a name="Pg191" id="Pg191" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XI. For the respected Authors of it practically deny the +truth of the principle enunciated by their predecessors of +1611, viz. that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there be some words that be not of the same +sense everywhere</span></em>.”</span> On such a fundamental truism we are +ashamed to enlarge: but it becomes necessary that we should +do so. We proceed to illustrate, by two familiar instances,—the +first which come to hand,—the mischievous result which +is inevitable to an enforced uniformity of rendering. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) The verb αἰτεῖν confessedly means <span class="tei tei-q">“to ask.”</span> And +perhaps no better general English equivalent could be +suggested for it. But then, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in a certain context</span></em>, <span class="tei tei-q">“ask”</span> would +be an inadequate rendering: in another, it would be improper: +in a third, it would be simply intolerable. Of all +this, the great Scholars of 1611 showed themselves profoundly +conscious. Accordingly, when this same verb (in the middle +voice) is employed to describe how the clamorous rabble, +besieging Pilate, claimed their accustomed privilege, (viz. to +have the prisoner of their choice released unto them,) those +ancient men, with a fine instinct, retain Tyndale's rendering +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">desired</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_569" name="noteref_569" href="#note_569"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">569</span></span></a> in S. Mark (xv. 8),—and his <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">required</span></em>”</span> in S. Luke +(xxiii. 23).—When, however, the humble entreaty, which +Joseph of Arimathea addressed to the same Pilate (viz. that +he might be allowed to take away the Body of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>), is in +question, then the same Scholars (following Tyndale and +Cranmer), with the same propriety exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">begged</span></em>.”</span>—King +David, inasmuch as he only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">desired</span></em> to find a habitation for +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> of Jacob,”</span> of course may not be said to have <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">asked</span></em>”</span> +to do so; and yet S. Stephen (Acts vii. 46) does not hesitate +to employ the verb ᾐτήσατο.—So again, when they of Tyre +and Sidon approached Herod whom they had offended: they +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page192">[pg 192]</span><a name="Pg192" id="Pg192" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +did but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">desire</span></em>”</span> peace.<a id="noteref_570" name="noteref_570" href="#note_570"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">570</span></span></a>—S. Paul, in like manner, addressing +the Ephesians: <span class="tei tei-q">“I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">desire</span></em> that ye faint not at my tribulations +for you.”</span><a id="noteref_571" name="noteref_571" href="#note_571"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">571</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But our Revisionists,—possessed with the single idea +that αἰτεῖν means <span class="tei tei-q">“to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ask</span></em>”</span> and αἰτεῖσθαι <span class="tei tei-q">“to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ask for</span></em>,”</span>—have +proceeded mechanically to inflict that rendering on every one +of the foregoing passages. In defiance of propriety,—of +reason,—even (in David's case) of historical truth,<a id="noteref_572" name="noteref_572" href="#note_572"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">572</span></span></a>—they +have thrust in <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">asked</span></em>”</span> everywhere. At last, however, they +are encountered by two places which absolutely refuse to +submit to such iron bondage. The terror-stricken jailer of +Philippi, when <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“asked”</span> for lights, must needs have done +so after a truly imperious fashion. Accordingly, the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">called +for</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_573" name="noteref_573" href="#note_573"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">573</span></span></a> of Tyndale and all subsequent translators, is <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">pro hâc +vice</span></span> allowed by our Revisionists to stand. And to conclude,—When +S. Paul, speaking of his supplications on behalf of +the Christians at Colosse, uses this same verb (αἰτούμενοι) in +a context where <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to ask</span></em>”</span> would be intolerable, our Revisionists +render the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to make request</span></em>;”</span><a id="noteref_574" name="noteref_574" href="#note_574"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">574</span></span></a>—though they might +just as well have let alone the rendering of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> their predecessors,—viz. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to desire</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +These are many words, but we know not how to make +them fewer. Let this one example, (only because it is the +first which presented itself,) stand for a thousand others. +Apart from the grievous lack of Taste (not to say of Scholarship) +which such a method betrays,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> sees not that the +only excuse which could have been invented for it has +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page193">[pg 193]</span><a name="Pg193" id="Pg193" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +disappeared by the time we reach the end of our investigation? +If αἰτέω, αἰτοῦμαι had been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invariably</span></em> translated <span class="tei tei-q">“ask,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ask for,”</span> it might at least have been pretended that <span class="tei tei-q">“the +English Reader is in this way put entirely on a level with the +Greek Scholar;”</span>—though it would have been a vain pretence, +as all must admit who understand the power of language. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Once</span></em> make it apparent that just in a single place, perhaps in +two, the Translator found himself forced to break through +his rigid uniformity of rendering,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> remains but an +uneasy suspicion that then there must have been a strain +put on the Evangelists' meaning in a vast proportion of the +other seventy places where αἰτεῖν occurs? An unlearned +reader's confidence in his guide vanishes; and he finds that +he has had not a few deflections from the Authorized Version +thrust upon him, of which he reasonably questions alike the +taste and the necessity,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> at S. Matth. xx. 20. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) But take a more interesting example. In S. Mark +i. 18, the A. V. has, <span class="tei tei-q">“and straightway they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forsook</span></em>”</span> (which +the Revisionists alter into <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">left</span></em>”</span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“their nets.”</span> Why? +Because in verse 20, the same word ἀφέντες will recur; and +because the Revisionists propose to let the statement (<span class="tei tei-q">“they +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">left</span></em> their father Zebedee”</span>) stand. They <span class="tei tei-q">“level up”</span> accordingly; +and plume themselves on their consistency. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We venture to point out, however, that the verb +ἀφιέναι is one of a large family of verbs which,—always +retaining their own essential signification,—yet depend for +their English rendering entirely on the context in which +they occur. Thus, ἀφιέναι is rightly rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to suffer</span></em>,”</span> in +S. Matth. iii. 15;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to leave</span></em>,”</span> in iv. 11;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to let have</span></em>,”</span> in v. 40;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to +forgive</span></em>,”</span> in vi. 12, 14, 15;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to let</span></em>,”</span> in vii. 4;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to yield +up</span></em>,”</span> in xxvii. 50;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to let go</span></em>,”</span> in S. Mark xi. 6;—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to let alone</span></em>,”</span> +in xiv. 6. Here then, by the admission of the Revisionists, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page194">[pg 194]</span><a name="Pg194" id="Pg194" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +are eight diversities of meaning in the same word. But they +make the admission grudgingly; and, in order to render +ἀφιέναι as often as possible <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leave</span></em>,”</span> they do violence to many +a place of Scripture where some other word would have been +more appropriate. Thus <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">laying aside</span></em>”</span> might have stood +in S. Mark vii. 8. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Suffered</span></em>”</span> (or <span class="tei tei-q">“let”</span>) was preferable in +S. Luke xii. 39. And, (to return to the place from which we +started,) in S. Mark i. 18, <span class="tei tei-q">“forsook”</span> was better than <span class="tei tei-q">“left.”</span> +And why? Because men <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leave</span></em> their father,”</span> (as the Collect +for S. James's Day bears witness); but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forsake</span></em> all covetous +desires”</span> (as the Collect for S. Matthew's Day aptly attests). +For which reason,—<span class="tei tei-q">“And they all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forsook</span></em> Him”</span> was infinitely +preferable to <span class="tei tei-q">“and they all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">left</span></em> Him, and fled,”</span> in S. Mark +xiv. 50. We insist that a vast deal more is lost by this +perpetual disregard of the idiomatic proprieties of the English +language, than is gained by a pedantic striving after uniformity +of rendering, only because the Greek word happens to +be the same. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For it is sure sometimes to happen that what seems +mere licentiousness proves on closer inspection to be unobtrusive +Scholarship of the best kind. An illustration presents +itself in connection with the word just now before us. It is +found to have been our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> practice to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">send away</span></em>”</span> +the multitude whom He had been feeding or teaching, in +some formal manner,—whether with an act of solemn benediction, +or words of commendatory prayer, or both. Accordingly, +on the memorable occasion when, at the close of a +long day of superhuman exertion, His bodily powers succumbed, +and the Disciples were fain to take Him <span class="tei tei-q">“as He +was”</span> in the ship, and at once He <span class="tei tei-q">“fell asleep;”</span>—on that +solitary occasion, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Disciples</span></em> are related to have <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sent away</span></em> +the multitudes,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> to have formally dismissed them on +His behalf, as they had often seen their Master do. The +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page195">[pg 195]</span><a name="Pg195" id="Pg195" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +word employed to designate this practice on two memorable +occasions is ἀπολύειν:<a id="noteref_575" name="noteref_575" href="#note_575"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">575</span></span></a> on the other two, ἀφιέναι.<a id="noteref_576" name="noteref_576" href="#note_576"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">576</span></span></a> This +proves to have been perfectly well understood as well by the +learned authors of the Latin Version of the N. T., as by the +scholars who translated the Gospels into the vernacular of +Palestine. It has been reserved for the boasted learning of +the XIXth century to misunderstand this little circumstance +entirely. The R. V. renders S. Matth. xiii. 36,—not <span class="tei tei-q">“Then +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sent the multitude away</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">dimissis turbis</span></span>”</span> in every +Latin copy,) but—<span class="tei tei-q">“Then He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">left</span></em> the multitudes.”</span> Also +S. Mark iv. 36,—not <span class="tei tei-q">“And when they had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sent away the +multitude</span></em>,”</span> (which the Latin always renders <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">et dimittentes +turbam</span></span>,”</span>) but—<span class="tei tei-q">“And <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leaving</span></em> the multitude.”</span> Would it be +altogether creditable, we respectfully ask, if at the end of +1800 years the Church of England were to put forth with +authority such specimens of <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> as these? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) We will trouble our Readers with yet another illustration +of the principle for which we are contending.—We +are soon made conscious that there has been a fidgetty +anxiety on the part of the Revisionists, everywhere to substitute +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">maid</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">damsel</span></em>”</span> as the rendering of παιδίσκη. It +offends us. <span class="tei tei-q">“A damsel named Rhoda,”</span><a id="noteref_577" name="noteref_577" href="#note_577"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">577</span></span></a>—and the <span class="tei tei-q">“damsel +possessed with a spirit of divination,”</span><a id="noteref_578" name="noteref_578" href="#note_578"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">578</span></span></a>—might (we think) +have been let alone. But out of curiosity we look further, to +see what these gentlemen will do when they come to S. Luke +xii. 45. Here, because παῖδας has been (properly) rendered +<span class="tei tei-q">“menservants,”</span> παιδίσκας, they (not unreasonably) render +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">maid-servants</span></em>,”</span>—whereby <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they break their rule</span></em>. The crucial +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page196">[pg 196]</span><a name="Pg196" id="Pg196" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +place is behind. What will they do with the Divine +<span class="tei tei-q">“Allegory”</span> in Galatians, (iv. 21 to 31,)—where all turns on +the contrast<a id="noteref_579" name="noteref_579" href="#note_579"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">579</span></span></a> between the παιδίσκη and the ἐλευθέρα,—the +fact that Hagar was a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondmaid</span></em>”</span> whereas Sarah was a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">free +woman</span></em>”</span>? <span class="tei tei-q">“Maid”</span> clearly could not stand here. <span class="tei tei-q">“Maid-servant”</span> +would be intolerable. What is to be done? The +Revisionists adopt <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a third</span></em> variety of reading,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thus surrendering +their principle entirely</span></em>. And what reader with a +spark of taste, (we confidently ask the question,) does not +resent their substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">handmaid</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“bondmaid”</span> +throughout these verses? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> will deny that the mention +of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondage</span></em>”</span> in verses 24 and 25 claims, at the hands of an +intelligent English translator, that he shall avail himself of +the admirable and helpful equivalent for παιδίσκη which, as +it happens, the English language possesses? More than +that. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em>—(except one who is himself <span class="tei tei-q">“in bondage—with +his children”</span>)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> does not respond gratefully to the exquisite +taste and tact with which <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondmaid</span></em>”</span> itself has been +exchanged for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bondwoman</span></em>”</span> by our translators of 1611, in +verses 23, 30 and 31?... Verily, those men understood +their craft! <span class="tei tei-q">“There were giants in those days.”</span> As little +would they submit to be bound by the new cords of the +Philistines as by their green withes. Upon occasion, they +could shake themselves free from either. And why? For +the selfsame reason: viz. because the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span> of their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> +was mightily upon them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Our contention, so far, has been but this,—that it does +not by any means follow that identical Greek words and +expressions, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wherever occurring</span></em>, are to be rendered by identical +words and expressions in English. We desire to pass on +to something of more importance. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page197">[pg 197]</span><a name="Pg197" id="Pg197" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let it not be supposed that we make light of the difficulties +which our Revisionists have had to encounter; or are +wanting in generous appreciation of the conscientious toil +of many men for many years; or that we overlook the perils +of the enterprise in which they have seen fit to adventure +their reputation. If ever a severe expression escapes us, it +is because our Revisionists themselves seem to have so very +imperfectly realized the responsibility of their undertaking, +and the peculiar difficulties by which it is unavoidably beset. +The truth is,—as all who have given real thought to the +subject must be aware,—the phenomena of Language are +among the most subtle and delicate imaginable: the problem +of Translation, one of the most manysided and difficult that +can be named. And if this holds universally, in how much +greater a degree when the book to be translated is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Bible</span></span>! +Here, anything like a mechanical <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">levelling up</span></em> of terms, every +attempt to impose a pre-arranged system of uniform rendering +on words,—every one of which has a history and (so to +speak) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a will</span></em> of its own,—is inevitably destined to result in +discomfiture and disappointment. But what makes this so +very serious a matter is that, because <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Scripture</span></span> is the +Book experimented upon, the loftiest interests that can be +named become imperilled; and it will constantly happen +that what is not perhaps in itself a very serious mistake may +yet inflict irreparable injury. We subjoin an humble illustration +of our meaning—the rather, because it will afford us +an opportunity for penetrating a little deeper into the proprieties +of Scriptural Translation:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) The place of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> Burial, which is mentioned +upwards of 30 times in the Gospels, is styled in the original, +μνημεῖον. This appellation is applied to it three times by +S. Matthew;—six times by S. Mark;—eight times by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page198">[pg 198]</span><a name="Pg198" id="Pg198" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +S. Luke;<a id="noteref_580" name="noteref_580" href="#note_580"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">580</span></span></a>—eleven times by S. John. Only on four occasions, +in close succession, does the first Evangelist call it by +another name, viz. τάφος.<a id="noteref_581" name="noteref_581" href="#note_581"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">581</span></span></a> King James's translators (following +Tyndale and Cranmer) decline to notice this diversity, +and uniformly style it the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sepulchre</span></em>.”</span> So long as it belonged +to Joseph of Arimathea, they call it a <span class="tei tei-q">“tomb”</span> (Matth. xxvii. +60): when once it has been appropriated by <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> of +Glory,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the same verse</span></em> they give it a different English +appellation. But our Revisionists of 1881, as if bent on +<span class="tei tei-q">“making a fresh departure,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">everywhere</span></em> substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tomb</span></em>”</span> for +<span class="tei tei-q">“sepulchre”</span> as the rendering of μνημεῖον. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Does any one ask,—And why should they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>? We +answer, Because, in connection with <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Sepulchre</span></em>”</span> of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, there has grown up such an ample literature and such +a famous history, that we are no longer <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">able</span></em> to sever ourselves +from those environments of the problem, even if we desired +to do so. In all such cases as the present, we have to +balance the Loss against the Gain. Quite idle is it for the +pedant of 1881 to insist that τάφος and μνημεῖον are two +different words. We do not dispute the fact. (Then, if he +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em>, let him represent τάφος in some other way.) It +remains true, notwithstanding, that the receptacle of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> Body after His dissolution will have to be spoken +of as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Holy Sepulchre</span></em>”</span> till the end of time; and it is +altogether to be desired that its familiar designation should +be suffered to survive unmolested on the eternal page, in +consequence. There are, after all, mightier laws in the +Universe than those of grammar. In the quaint language of +our Translators of 1611: <span class="tei tei-q">“For is the Kingdom of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> become +words or syllables? Why should we be in bondage to them +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page199">[pg 199]</span><a name="Pg199" id="Pg199" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +if we may be free?”</span>... As for considerations of etymological +propriety, the nearest English equivalent for μνημεῖον +(be it remembered) is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“tomb,”</span> but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">monument</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) Our Revisionists seem not to be aware that 270 years +of undisturbed possession have given to certain words rights +to which they could not else have pretended, but of which +it is impossible any more to dispossess them. It savours of +folly as well as of pedantry even to make the attempt. +Διδαχή occurs 30,—διδασκαλία 21 times,—in the N. T. +Etymologically, both words alike mean <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teaching</span></em>;”</span> and are +therefore indifferently rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrina</span></span>”</span> in the Vulgate,<a id="noteref_582" name="noteref_582" href="#note_582"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">582</span></span></a>—for +which reason, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em>”</span> represents both words indifferently +in our A. V.<a id="noteref_583" name="noteref_583" href="#note_583"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">583</span></span></a> But the Revisers have well-nigh extirpated +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">doctrine</span></span>”</span> from the N. T.: (1st), By making <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teaching</span></em>,”</span> the +rendering of διδαχή,<a id="noteref_584" name="noteref_584" href="#note_584"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">584</span></span></a>—(reserving <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em>”</span> for διδασκαλία<a id="noteref_585" name="noteref_585" href="#note_585"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">585</span></span></a>): +and (2ndly), By 6 times substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teaching</span></em>”</span> (once, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">learning</span></em>”</span>) +for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em>,”</span> in places where διδασκαλία occurs.<a id="noteref_586" name="noteref_586" href="#note_586"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">586</span></span></a> This +is to be lamented every way. The word cannot be spared so +often. The <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teachings</span></em>”</span> of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> and of His Apostles were +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the </span><span class="tei tei-q">“doctrines”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> of Christianity</span></em>. When S. Paul speaks of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em> of baptisms”</span> (Heb. vi. 2), it is simply incomprehensible +to us why <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teaching</span></em> of baptisms”</span> should be deemed +a preferable expression. And if the warning against being +<span class="tei tei-q">“carried about with every wind of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em>,”</span> may stand in +Ephes. iv. 14, why may it not be left standing in Heb. xiii. 9? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page200">[pg 200]</span><a name="Pg200" id="Pg200" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) In the same spirit, we can but wonder at the extravagant +bad taste which, at the end of 500 years, has ventured to +substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">bowls</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“vials”</span> in the Book of Revelation.<a id="noteref_587" name="noteref_587" href="#note_587"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">587</span></span></a> As a +matter of fact, we venture to point out that φιάλη no more +means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a bowl</span></em>”</span> than <span class="tei tei-q">“saucer”</span> means <span class="tei tei-q">“a cup.”</span> But, waiving +this, we are confident that our Revisers would have shown +more wisdom if they had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">let alone</span></em> a word which, having no +English equivalent, has passed into the sacred vocabulary of +the language, and has acquired a conventional signification +which will cleave to it for ever. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Vials of wrath</span></em>”</span> are understood +to signify the outpouring of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> wrathful visitations +on mankind: whereas <span class="tei tei-q">“bowls”</span> really conveys no meaning at +all, except a mean and unworthy, not to say an inconveniently +ambiguous one. What must be the impression made +on persons of very humble station,—labouring-men,—when +they hear of <span class="tei tei-q">“the seven Angels that had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the seven bowls</span></em>”</span>? +(Rev. xvii. 1.) The φιάλη,—if we must needs talk like +Antiquaries—is a circular, almost flat and very shallow +vessel,—of which the contents can be discharged in an +instant. It was used in pouring out libations. There is, at +that back of it, in the centre, a hollow for the first joint of +the forefinger to rest in. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Patera</span></span> the Latins called it. +Specimens are to be seen in abundance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The same Revisionists have also fallen foul of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“alabaster <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">box</span></em> of ointment.”</span>—for which they have substituted +<span class="tei tei-q">“an alabaster <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cruse</span></em> of ointment.”</span><a id="noteref_588" name="noteref_588" href="#note_588"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">588</span></span></a> But what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> a <span class="tei tei-q">“cruse”</span>? +Their marginal note says, <span class="tei tei-q">“Or, <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a flask</span></em>:’</span> ”</span> but once more, +what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“a flask”</span>? Certainly, the receptacles to which that +name is now commonly applied, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> a powder-flask, a +Florence flask, a flask of wine, &c.) bear no resemblance +whatever to the vase called ἀλάβαστρον. The probability is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page201">[pg 201]</span><a name="Pg201" id="Pg201" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that the receptacle for the precious ointment with which the +sister of Lazarus provided herself, was likest of all to a small +medicine-bottle (<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">lecythus</span></span> the ancients called it), made however +of alabaster. Specimens of it abound. But why not +let such words alone? The same Critics have had the good +sense to leave standing <span class="tei tei-q">“the bag,”</span> for what was confessedly +a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">box</span></em><a id="noteref_589" name="noteref_589" href="#note_589"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">589</span></span></a> (S. John xii. 6: xiii. 29); and <span class="tei tei-q">“your purses”</span> for what +in the Greek is unmistakably <span class="tei tei-q">“your <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">girdles</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_590" name="noteref_590" href="#note_590"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">590</span></span></a> (S. Matth. x. 9). +We can but repeat that possession for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">five centuries</span></em> conveys +rights which it is always useless, and sometimes dangerous, +to dispute. <span class="tei tei-q">“Vials”</span> will certainly have to be put back into +the Apocalypse. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) Having said so much about the proposed rendering +of such unpromising vocables as μνημεῖον—διδαχή—φιάλη, +it is time to invite the Reader's attention to the calamitous +fate which has befallen certain other words of infinitely +greater importance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And first for Ἀγάπη—a substantive noun unknown to +the heathen, even as the sentiment which the word expresses +proves to be a grace of purely Christian growth. What else +but a real calamity would be the sentence of perpetual +banishment passed by our Revisionists on <span class="tei tei-q">“that most excellent +gift, the gift of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Charity</span></em>,”</span> and the general substitution +of <span class="tei tei-q">“Love”</span> in its place? Do not these learned men perceive +that <span class="tei tei-q">“Love”</span> is not an equivalent term? Can they require +to be told that, because of S. Paul's exquisite and life-like +portrait of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Charity</span></span>,”</span> and the use which has been made of +the word in sacred literature in consequence, it has come to +pass that the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Charity</span></em>”</span> connotes many ideas to which +the word <span class="tei tei-q">“Love”</span> is an entire stranger? that <span class="tei tei-q">“Love,”</span> on the +contrary, has come to connote many unworthy notions +which in <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Charity</span></em>”</span> find no place at all? And if this be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page202">[pg 202]</span><a name="Pg202" id="Pg202" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +so, how can our Revisionists expect that we shall endure +the loss of the name of the very choicest of the Christian +graces,—and which, if it is nowhere to be found in Scripture, +will presently come to be only traditionally known among +mankind, and will in the end cease to be a term clearly +understood? Have the Revisionists of 1881 considered how +firmly this word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Charity</span></em>”</span> has established itself in the +phraseology of the Church,—ancient, mediæval, modern,—as +well as in our Book of Common Prayer? how thoroughly +it has vindicated for itself the right of citizenship in the +English language? how it has entered into our common +vocabulary, and become one of the best understood of +<span class="tei tei-q">“household words”</span>? Of what can they have been thinking +when they deliberately obliterated from the thirteenth +chapter of S. Paul's 1st Epistle to the Corinthians the ninefold +recurrence of the name of <span class="tei tei-q">“that most excellent gift, the +gift of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Charity</span></span>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">h</span></span>) With equal displeasure, but with even sadder feelings, +we recognize in the present Revision a resolute +elimination of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Miracles</span></span>”</span> from the N. T.—Not so, (we shall +be eagerly reminded,) but only of their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Name</span></em>. True, but the +two perforce go together, as every thoughtful man knows. +At all events, the getting rid of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Name</span></em>,—(except in the +few instances which are enumerated below,)—will in the +account of millions be regarded as the getting rid of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +thing</span></em>. And in the esteem of all, learned and unlearned +alike, the systematic obliteration of the signifying word +from the pages of that Book to which we refer exclusively +for our knowledge of the remarkable thing signified,—cannot +but be looked upon as a memorable and momentous circumstance. +Some, it may be, will be chiefly struck by the +foolishness of the proceeding: for at the end of centuries +of familiarity with such a word, we are no longer <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">able</span></em> to +part company with it, even if we were inclined. The term +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page203">[pg 203]</span><a name="Pg203" id="Pg203" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +has struck root firmly in our Literature: has established +itself in the terminology of Divines: has grown into our +common speech. But further, even were it possible to get +rid of the words <span class="tei tei-q">“Miracle”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Miraculous,”</span> what else but +abiding inconvenience would be the result? for we must +still desire to speak about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the things</span></em>; and it is a truism to +remark that there are no other words in the language which +connote the same ideas. What therefore has been gained +by substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sign</span></em>”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">miracle</span></em>”</span> on some 19 or 20 occasions—(<span class="tei tei-q">“this +beginning of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his signs</span></em> did <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“this is +again the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">second sign</span></em> that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> did”</span>)—we really fail to see. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That the word in the original is σημεῖον, and that σημεῖον +means <span class="tei tei-q">“a sign,”</span> we are aware. But what then? Because +ἄγγελος, in strictness, means <span class="tei tei-q">“a messenger,”</span>—γραφή, <span class="tei tei-q">“a +writing,”</span>—ὑποκριτής, <span class="tei tei-q">“an actor,”</span>—ἐκκλησία, <span class="tei tei-q">“an assembly,”</span>—εὐαγγέλιον, +<span class="tei tei-q">“good tidings,”</span>—ἐπίσκοπος, <span class="tei tei-q">“an overseer,”</span>—βαπτιστής, +<span class="tei tei-q">“one that dips,”</span>—παράδεισος, <span class="tei tei-q">“a garden,”</span>—μαθητής, +<span class="tei tei-q">“a learner,”</span>—χἁρις, <span class="tei tei-q">“favour:”</span>—are we to forego +the established English equivalents for these words, and +never more to hear of <span class="tei tei-q">“grace,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“disciple,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Paradise,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Baptist,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Bishop,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Gospel,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Church,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“hypocrite,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Scripture,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Angel”</span>? Is it then desired to revolutionize our sacred +terminology? or at all events to sever with the Past, and +to translate the Scriptures into English on etymological +principles? We are amazed that the first proposal to +resort to such a preposterous method was not instantly +scouted by a large majority of those who frequented the +Jerusalem Chamber. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The words under consideration are not only not equivalent, +but they are quite dissimilar. All <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">signs</span></em>”</span> are not +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Miracles</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_591" name="noteref_591" href="#note_591"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">591</span></span></a> though all <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Miracles</span></em>”</span> are undeniably <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">signs</span></em>.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page204">[pg 204]</span><a name="Pg204" id="Pg204" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Would not a marginal annotation concerning the original +word, as at S. Luke xxiii. 8, have sufficed? And <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> was +the term <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Miracle</span></em>”</span> as the rendering of σημεῖον<a id="noteref_592" name="noteref_592" href="#note_592"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">592</span></span></a> spared only +on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> occasion in the Gospels; and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> in connection with +S. Peter's miracle of healing the impotent man, in the Acts?<a id="noteref_593" name="noteref_593" href="#note_593"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">593</span></span></a> +We ask the question not caring for an answer. We are +merely bent on submitting to our Readers, whether,—especially +in an age like the present of wide-spread unbelief in +the Miraculous,—it was a judicious proceeding in our Revisionists +almost everywhere to substitute <span class="tei tei-q">“Sign”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“Miracle”</span> +as the rendering of σημεῖον. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i</span></span>) Every bit as offensive, in its way, is a marginal +note respecting the Third Person in the Trinity, which does +duty at S. Matth. i. 18: S. Mark i. 8: S. Luke i. 15: Acts +i. 2: Rom. v. 5: Heb. ii. 4. As a rule, in short, against +every fresh first mention of <span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>,”</span> five lines are +punctually devoted to the remark,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Or</span></em>, Holy Spirit: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and +so throughout this book</span></em>.”</span> Now, as Canon Cook very fairly +puts the case,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Does this imply that the marginists object to the word +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Ghost</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">? If so, it must be asked, On what grounds? Certainly +not as an archaism. The word is in every Churchman's +mouth continually. For the sake of consistency? But Dr. +Vance Smith complains bitterly of the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">inconsistency</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of his +colleagues in reference to this very question,—see his </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Texts +and Margins</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, pp. 7, 8, 45. I would not suggest a doctrinal +bias: but to prove that it had no influence, a strong, if not +unanimous, declaration on the part of the Revisers is called for. +Dr. Vance Smith alleges this notice as one of the clearest proofs +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page205">[pg 205]</span><a name="Pg205" id="Pg205" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +that the Revisers ought in consistency to discard the word as +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a poor and almost obsolete</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> equivalent for Spirit.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ”</span></span><a id="noteref_594" name="noteref_594" href="#note_594"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">594</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in fact when one of the Revisionists openly claims, +on behalf of the Revision, that <span class="tei tei-q">“in the most substantial +sense,”</span> (whatever <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> may happen to mean,) it is <span class="tei tei-q">“contrary +to fact”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“that the doctrines of popular Theology remain +unaffected, untouched by the results of the Revision,”</span><a id="noteref_595" name="noteref_595" href="#note_595"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">595</span></span></a>—Charity +itself is constrained to use language which by a +certain school will be deemed uncharitable. If doctrinal +prepossession had no share in the production under review,—why +is no protest publicly put forth against such language +as the foregoing, when employed by a conspicuous Member +of the Revisionist body? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">j</span></span>) In a similar spirit to that which dictated our remarks +on the attempted elimination of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Miracles</span></em>”</span> from the N. T. of +the future,—we altogether disapprove of the attempt to +introduce <span class="tei tei-q">“is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Epileptic</span></em>,”</span> as the rendering of σεληνιάζεται, in +S. Matth. xvii. 15. The miracle performed on <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the lunatic +child</span></em>”</span> may never more come abroad under a different name. +In a matter like this, 500 years of occupation, (or rather +1700, for <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">lunaticus</span></span>”</span> is the reading of all the Latin copies,) +constitute a title which may not be disputed. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Epileptic</span></span>”</span> +is a sorry <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gloss</span></em>—not a translation. Even were it demonstrable +that Epilepsy exclusively exhibits every feature related +in connection with the present case;<a id="noteref_596" name="noteref_596" href="#note_596"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">596</span></span></a> and that sufferers +from Epilepsy are specially affected by the moon's changes, +(neither of which things are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly</span></em> true): even so, the +Revisionists would be wholly unwarranted in doing violence +to the Evangelist's language, in order to bring into prominence +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page206">[pg 206]</span><a name="Pg206" id="Pg206" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +their own private opinion that what is called <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lunacy</span></em>”</span> +here (and in ch. iv. 24) is to be identified with the ordinary +malady called <span class="tei tei-q">“Epilepsy.”</span> This was confessedly an extraordinary +case of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demoniacal possession</span></em><a id="noteref_597" name="noteref_597" href="#note_597"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">597</span></span></a> besides. The Revisionists +have in fact gone out of their way in order to +introduce us to a set of difficulties with which before we +had no acquaintance. And after all, the English reader +desires to know—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>, by any means, what two-thirds of the +Revisionists <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conjecture</span></em> was the matter with the child, but—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what +the child's Father actually said</span></em> was the matter with him. +Now, the Father undeniably did <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> say that the child was +<span class="tei tei-q">“Epileptic,”</span> but that he was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lunatic</span></em>.”</span> The man employed a +term which (singular to relate) has its own precise English +equivalent;—a term which embodies to this hour (as it did +anciently) the popular belief that the moon influences certain +forms of disease. With the advance of Science, civilized +nations surrender such Beliefs; but they do not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> +revolutionize their Terminology. <span class="tei tei-q">“The advance of Science,”</span> +however, has nothing whatever to do with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Translation of +the word</span></em> before us. The Author of this particular rendering +(begging his pardon) is open to a process <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">de lunatico inquirendo</span></span>”</span> +for having imagined the contrary. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">k</span></span>) The foregoing instances suggest the remark, that the +Ecclesiastical Historian of future years will point with concern +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page207">[pg 207]</span><a name="Pg207" id="Pg207" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to the sad evidences that the Church had fallen on evil days +when the present Revision was undertaken. With fatal +fidelity does it, every here and there, reflect the sickly hues +of <span class="tei tei-q">“modern Thought,”</span> which is too often but another name +for the latest phase of Unfaithfulness. Thus, in view of +the present controversy about the Eternity of Future Punishment, +which has brought into prominence a supposed distinction +between the import of the epithets <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">eternal</span></span>”</span> and +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">everlasting</span></span>,”</span>—how painful is it to discover that the latter +epithet, (which is the one objected to by the unbelieving +school,) has been by our Revisionists diligently excluded<a id="noteref_598" name="noteref_598" href="#note_598"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">598</span></span></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every time it occurs</span></em> as the translation of αἰώνιος, in favour of +the more palatable epithel <span class="tei tei-q">“eternal”</span>! King James's Translators +showed themselves impartial to a fault. As if to mark +that, in their account, the words are of identical import, they +even introduced <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both words into the same verse</span></em><a id="noteref_599" name="noteref_599" href="#note_599"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">599</span></span></a> of Scripture. +Is it fair that such a body of men as the Revisionists of +1881, claiming the sanction of the Convocation of the +Southern Province, should, in a matter like the present, +throw all their weight into the scale of Misbelief? They +were authorized only to remove <span class="tei tei-q">“plain and clear <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">errors</span></em>.”</span> +They were instructed to introduce <span class="tei tei-q">“as few changes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as possible</span></em>.”</span> +Why have they needlessly gone out of their way, +on the contrary, indirectly to show their sympathy with +those who deny what has been the Church's teaching for +1800 years? Our Creeds, Te Deum, Litany, Offices, Articles,—our +whole Prayer Book, breathes a different spirit and +speaks a different language.... Have our Revisionists persuaded +the Old Testament company to follow their example? +It will be calamitous if they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em>. There will be serious +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page208">[pg 208]</span><a name="Pg208" id="Pg208" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +discrepancy of teaching between the Old and the New +Testament if they have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">l</span></span>) What means also the fidgetty anxiety manifested +throughout these pages to explain away, or at least to +evacuate, expressions which have to do with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Eternity</span></span>? +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em>, for example, is <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">world</span></em> (αἰών) to come,”</span> invariably +glossed <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">age</span></em> to come”</span>? and εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας so persistently +explained in the margin to mean, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto the ages</span></em>”</span>? (See the +margin of Rom. ix. 5. Are we to read <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> blessed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto the +ages</span></em>”</span>?) Also εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto the ages of +the ages</span></em>”</span>? Surely we, whose language furnishes expressions +of precisely similar character (viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“for ever,”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“for ever +and ever”</span>), might dispense with information hazy and unprofitable +as this! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">m</span></span>) Again. At a period of prevailing unbelief in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Inspiration</span></span> of Scripture, nothing but real necessity could +warrant any meddling with such a testimony on the subject +as is found in 2 Tim. iii. 16. We have hitherto been taught +to believe that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">All Scripture is given by inspiration of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> +and is profitable,”</span> &c. The ancients<a id="noteref_600" name="noteref_600" href="#note_600"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">600</span></span></a> clearly so understood +S. Paul's words: and so do the most learned and thoughtful +of the moderns. Πᾶσα γραφή, even if it be interpreted +<span class="tei tei-q">“every Scripture,”</span> can only mean every portion of those +ἱερὰ γράμματα of which the Apostle had been speaking in +the previous verse; and therefore must needs signify <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +whole of Scripture</span></em>.<a id="noteref_601" name="noteref_601" href="#note_601"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">601</span></span></a> So that the expression <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all Scripture</span></em>”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page209">[pg 209]</span><a name="Pg209" id="Pg209" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +expresses S. Paul's meaning exactly, and should not have +been disturbed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But—<span class="tei tei-q">“It is very difficult”</span> (so at least thinks the Right +Rev. Chairman of the Revisers) <span class="tei tei-q">“to decide whether θεόπνευστος +is a part of the predicate, καί being the simple copula; or +whether it is a part of the subject. Lexicography and +grammar contribute but little to a decision.”</span> Not so +thought Bishop Middleton. <span class="tei tei-q">“I do not recollect”</span> (he says) +<span class="tei tei-q">“any passage in the N. T. in which two Adjectives, apparently +connected by the copulative, were intended by the writer to +be so unnaturally disjoined. He who can produce such an +instance, will do much towards establishing the plausibility +of a translation, which otherwise must appear, to say the +least of it, to be forced and improbable.”</span>—And yet it is +proposed to thrust this <span class="tei tei-q">“forced and improbable”</span> translation +on the acceptance of all English-speaking people, wherever +found, on the plea of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessity</span></em>! Our Revisionists translate, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Every Scripture inspired of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is also profitable</span></em>,”</span> &c.,—which +of course may be plausibly declared to imply that +a distinction is drawn by the Apostle himself between inspired +and uninspired Scripture. And pray, (we should be +presently asked,) is not many a Scripture (or writing) <span class="tei tei-q">“profitable +for teaching,”</span> &c. which is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> commonly held to be <span class="tei tei-q">“inspired +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span>?... But in fact the proposed rendering is +inadmissible, being without logical coherence and consistency. +The utmost that could be pretended would be that S. Paul's +assertion is that <span class="tei tei-q">“every portion of Scripture <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">being inspired</span></em>”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> inasmuch as it is—because it is—inspired); <span class="tei tei-q">“is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></em> +profitable,”</span> &c. Else there would be no meaning in the καί. +But, in the name of common sense, if this be so, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> have +the blessed words been meddled with? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">n</span></span>) All are unhappily familiar with the avidity with +which the disciples of a certain School fasten upon a mysterious +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page210">[pg 210]</span><a name="Pg210" id="Pg210" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +expression in S. Mark's Gospel (xiii. 32), which seems +to predicate concerning the Eternal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span>, limitation in respect +of Knowledge. This is not the place for vindicating the +Catholic Doctrine of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son's</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“equality with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> as +touching His <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head;”</span> or for explaining that, in consequence, +all things that the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> hath, (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the knowledge of +</span><span class="tei tei-q">“that Day and Hour”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> included</span></em>,) the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> hath likewise.<a id="noteref_602" name="noteref_602" href="#note_602"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">602</span></span></a> But +this is the place for calling attention to the deplorable +circumstance that the clause <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">neither the</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span>,”</span> which has an +indisputable right to its place in S. Mark's Gospel, has on +insufficient authority by our Revisionists been thrust into +S. Matth. xxvi. 36, where it has no business whatever, and +from which the word <span class="tei tei-q">“only”</span> effectually excludes it.<a id="noteref_603" name="noteref_603" href="#note_603"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">603</span></span></a> We +call attention to this circumstance with sincere sorrow: but +it is sorrow largely mixed with indignation. What else but +the betrayal of a sacred trust is it when Divines appointed +to correct manifest errors in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the English</span></em> of the N. T. go out +of their way to introduce an error like this into the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></em> +Text which Catholic Antiquity would have repudiated with +indignation, and for which certainly the plea of <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity”</span> +cannot be pretended? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">o</span></span>) A <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">marginal annotation</span></span> set over against Romans ix. 5 +is the last thing of this kind to which we shall invite attention. +S. Paul declares it to be Israel's highest boast and +glory that of them, <span class="tei tei-q">“as concerning the flesh [came] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page211">[pg 211]</span><a name="Pg211" id="Pg211" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who is over all</span></em> [things], <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> blessed for ever</span></em>! Amen.”</span> A +grander or more unequivocal testimony to our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> eternal +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head is nowhere to be found in Scripture. Accordingly, +these words have been as confidently appealed to by faithful +Doctors of the Church in every age, as they have been unsparingly +assailed by unbelievers. The dishonest shifts by +which the latter seek to evacuate the record which they are +powerless to refute or deny, are paraded by our ill-starred +Revisionists in the following terms:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Some modern Interpreters place a full stop after </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">flesh</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and +translate, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">He who is God over all be (is) blessed for ever</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">: or, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">He +who is over all is God, blessed for ever</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. Others punctuate, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">flesh, +who is over all. God be (is) blessed for ever.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now this is a matter,—let it be clearly observed,—which, +(as Dr. Hort is aware,) <span class="tei tei-q">“belongs to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Interpretation</span></em>,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not +to Textual Criticism</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_604" name="noteref_604" href="#note_604"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">604</span></span></a> What business then has it in these +pages at all? Is it then the function of Divines appointed +to revise the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Authorized Version</span></span>, to give information to the +90 millions of English-speaking Christians scattered throughout +the world as to the unfaithfulness of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some modern +Interpreters</span></em>”</span>?<a id="noteref_605" name="noteref_605" href="#note_605"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">605</span></span></a> We have hitherto supposed that it was +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancient</span></em> authorities”</span> exclusively,—(whether <span class="tei tei-q">“a few,”</span> or +<span class="tei tei-q">“some,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“many,”</span>)—to which we are invited to submit our +judgment. How does it come to pass that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Socinian gloss</span></em> +on this grand text (Rom. ix. 5) has been brought into such +extraordinary prominence? Did our Revisionists consider +that their marginal note would travel to earth's remotest +verge,—give universal currency to the view of <span class="tei tei-q">“some modern +Interpreters,”</span>—and in the end <span class="tei tei-q">“tell it out among the heathen”</span> +also? We refer to Manuscripts,—Versions,—Fathers: and +what do we find? (1) It is demonstrable that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the oldest +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page212">[pg 212]</span><a name="Pg212" id="Pg212" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +Codices, besides the whole body of the cursives</span></em>, know nothing +about the method of <span class="tei tei-q">“some modern Interpreters.”</span><a id="noteref_606" name="noteref_606" href="#note_606"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">606</span></span></a>—(2) +<span class="tei tei-q">“There is absolutely not a shadow, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not a tittle of evidence, in +any of the ancient Versions</span></em>, to warrant what they do.”</span><a id="noteref_607" name="noteref_607" href="#note_607"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">607</span></span></a>—(3) +How then, about the old Fathers? for the sentiments of our +best modern Divines, as Pearson and Bull, we know by +heart. We find that the expression <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who is over all</span></em> [things], +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> blessed for ever</span></em>”</span> is expressly acknowledged to refer to +our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> by the following 60 illustrious names:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Irenæus,<a id="noteref_608" name="noteref_608" href="#note_608"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">608</span></span></a>—Hippolytus in 3 places,<a id="noteref_609" name="noteref_609" href="#note_609"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">609</span></span></a>—Origen,<a id="noteref_610" name="noteref_610" href="#note_610"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">610</span></span></a>—Malchion, +in the name of six of the Bishops at the Council of Antioch, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 269,<a id="noteref_611" name="noteref_611" href="#note_611"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">611</span></span></a>—ps.-Dionysius Alex., twice,<a id="noteref_612" name="noteref_612" href="#note_612"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">612</span></span></a>—the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Constt. App.</span></span>,<a id="noteref_613" name="noteref_613" href="#note_613"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">613</span></span></a>—Athanasius +in 6 places,<a id="noteref_614" name="noteref_614" href="#note_614"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">614</span></span></a>—Basil in 2 places,<a id="noteref_615" name="noteref_615" href="#note_615"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">615</span></span></a>—Didymus in +5 places,<a id="noteref_616" name="noteref_616" href="#note_616"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">616</span></span></a>—Greg. Nyssen. in 5 places,<a id="noteref_617" name="noteref_617" href="#note_617"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">617</span></span></a>—Epiphanius in 5 +places,<a id="noteref_618" name="noteref_618" href="#note_618"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">618</span></span></a>—Theodoras Mops.,<a id="noteref_619" name="noteref_619" href="#note_619"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">619</span></span></a>—Methodius,<a id="noteref_620" name="noteref_620" href="#note_620"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">620</span></span></a>—Eustathius,<a id="noteref_621" name="noteref_621" href="#note_621"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">621</span></span></a>—Eulogius, +twice,<a id="noteref_622" name="noteref_622" href="#note_622"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">622</span></span></a>—Cæsarius, 3 times,<a id="noteref_623" name="noteref_623" href="#note_623"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">623</span></span></a>—Theophilus Alex., +twice,<a id="noteref_624" name="noteref_624" href="#note_624"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">624</span></span></a>—Nestorius,<a id="noteref_625" name="noteref_625" href="#note_625"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">625</span></span></a>—Theodotus of Ancyra,<a id="noteref_626" name="noteref_626" href="#note_626"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">626</span></span></a>—Proclus, +twice,<a id="noteref_627" name="noteref_627" href="#note_627"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">627</span></span></a>—Severianus Bp. of Gabala,<a id="noteref_628" name="noteref_628" href="#note_628"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">628</span></span></a>—Chrysostom, 8 times,<a id="noteref_629" name="noteref_629" href="#note_629"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">629</span></span></a>—Cyril +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page213">[pg 213]</span><a name="Pg213" id="Pg213" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Alex., 15 times,<a id="noteref_630" name="noteref_630" href="#note_630"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">630</span></span></a>—Paulus Bp. of Emesa,<a id="noteref_631" name="noteref_631" href="#note_631"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">631</span></span></a>—Theodoret, +12 times,<a id="noteref_632" name="noteref_632" href="#note_632"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">632</span></span></a>—Gennadius, Abp. of C. P.,<a id="noteref_633" name="noteref_633" href="#note_633"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">633</span></span></a>—Severus, Abp. of +Antioch,<a id="noteref_634" name="noteref_634" href="#note_634"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">634</span></span></a>—Amphilochius,<a id="noteref_635" name="noteref_635" href="#note_635"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">635</span></span></a>—Gelasius Cyz.,<a id="noteref_636" name="noteref_636" href="#note_636"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">636</span></span></a>—Anastasius +Ant.,<a id="noteref_637" name="noteref_637" href="#note_637"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">637</span></span></a>—Leontius Byz., 3 times,<a id="noteref_638" name="noteref_638" href="#note_638"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">638</span></span></a>—Maximus,<a id="noteref_639" name="noteref_639" href="#note_639"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">639</span></span></a>—J. Damascene, +3 times.<a id="noteref_640" name="noteref_640" href="#note_640"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">640</span></span></a> Besides of the Latins, Tertullian, twice,<a id="noteref_641" name="noteref_641" href="#note_641"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">641</span></span></a>—Cyprian,<a id="noteref_642" name="noteref_642" href="#note_642"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">642</span></span></a>—Novatian, +twice,<a id="noteref_643" name="noteref_643" href="#note_643"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">643</span></span></a>—Ambrose, 5 times,<a id="noteref_644" name="noteref_644" href="#note_644"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">644</span></span></a>—Palladius +the Arian at the Council of Aquileia,<a id="noteref_645" name="noteref_645" href="#note_645"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">645</span></span></a>—Hilary, 7 +times,<a id="noteref_646" name="noteref_646" href="#note_646"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">646</span></span></a>—Jerome, twice,<a id="noteref_647" name="noteref_647" href="#note_647"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">647</span></span></a>—Augustine, about 30 times,—Victorinus,<a id="noteref_648" name="noteref_648" href="#note_648"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">648</span></span></a>—the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Breviarium</span></span>, twice,<a id="noteref_649" name="noteref_649" href="#note_649"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">649</span></span></a>—Marius Mercator,<a id="noteref_650" name="noteref_650" href="#note_650"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">650</span></span></a>—Cassian, +twice,<a id="noteref_651" name="noteref_651" href="#note_651"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">651</span></span></a>—Alcimus Avit.,<a id="noteref_652" name="noteref_652" href="#note_652"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">652</span></span></a>—Fulgentius, twice,<a id="noteref_653" name="noteref_653" href="#note_653"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">653</span></span></a>—Leo, +Bp. of Rome, twice,<a id="noteref_654" name="noteref_654" href="#note_654"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">654</span></span></a>—Ferrandus, twice,<a id="noteref_655" name="noteref_655" href="#note_655"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">655</span></span></a>—Facundus:<a id="noteref_656" name="noteref_656" href="#note_656"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">656</span></span></a>—to +whom must be added 6 ancient writers, of whom 3<a id="noteref_657" name="noteref_657" href="#note_657"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">657</span></span></a> +have been mistaken for Athanasius,—and 3<a id="noteref_658" name="noteref_658" href="#note_658"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">658</span></span></a> for Chrysostom. +All these see in Rom. ix. 5, a glorious assertion of the eternal +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Against such an overwhelming torrent of Patristic testimony,—for +we have enumerated <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upwards of sixty</span></em> ancient +Fathers—it will not surely be pretended that the Socinian +interpretation, to which our Revisionists give such prominence, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page214">[pg 214]</span><a name="Pg214" id="Pg214" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +can stand. But why has it been introduced <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at all</span></em>? We +shall have every Christian reader with us in our contention, +that such perverse imaginations of <span class="tei tei-q">“modern Interpreters”</span> are +not entitled to a place in the margin of the N. T. For our +Revisionists to have even given them currency, and thereby a +species of sanction, constitutes in our view a very grave offence.<a id="noteref_659" name="noteref_659" href="#note_659"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">659</span></span></a> +A public retraction and a very humble Apology we claim at +their hands. Indifferent Scholarship, and mistaken views of +Textual Criticism, are at least venial matters. But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a Socinian +gloss gratuitously thrust into the margin of every Englishman's +N. T.</span></em> admits of no excuse—is not to be tolerated on +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> terms. It would by itself, in our account, have been +sufficient to determine the fate of the present Revision. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XII. Are we to regard it as a kind of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">set-off</span></em> against all +that goes before, that in an age when the personality of +Satan is freely called in question, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the evil one</span></span>”</span> has been +actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thrust into the Lord's Prayer</span></em>? A more injudicious +and unwarrantable innovation it would be impossible to +indicate in any part of the present unhappy volume. The +case has been argued out with much learning and ability +by two eminent Divines, Bp. Lightfoot and Canon Cook. +The Canon remains master of the field. That <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the change +ought never to have been made</span></em> is demonstrable. The grounds +of this assertion are soon stated. To begin, (1) It is admitted +on all hands that it must for ever remain a matter of opinion +only whether in the expression ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ, the nominative +case is τὸ πονηρόν (as in S. Matth. v. 37, 39: Rom. +xii. 9), or ὁ πονηρός (as in S. Matth. xiii. 19, 38: Eph. vi. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page215">[pg 215]</span><a name="Pg215" id="Pg215" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +16),—either of which yields a good sense. But then—(2) +The Church of England in her formularies having emphatically +declared that, for her part, she adheres to the former +alternative, it was in a very high degree unbecoming for the +Revisionists to pretend to the enjoyment of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certain</span></em> knowledge +that the Church of England in so doing was mistaken: +and unless <span class="tei tei-q">“from evil”</span> be <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a clear and plain error</span></em>,”</span> the Revisionists +were bound to let it alone. Next—(3), It can +never be right to impose the narrower interpretation on +words which have always been understood to bear the larger +sense: especially when (as in the present instance) the +larger meaning distinctly includes and covers the lesser: +witness the paraphrase in our Church Catechism,—<span class="tei tei-q">“and that +He will keep us (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) from all sin and wickedness, and (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from our ghostly enemy</span></em>, and (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) from everlasting death.”</span>—(4) +But indeed Catholic Tradition claims to be heard in this +behalf. Every Christian at his Baptism renounces not only +<span class="tei tei-q">“the Devil,”</span> but also <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all his works</span></em>, the vain pomp and glory +of the world, with all covetous desires of the same, and the +carnal desires of the flesh.”</span><a id="noteref_660" name="noteref_660" href="#note_660"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">660</span></span></a> And at this point—(5), The +voice of an inspired Apostle interposes in attestation that +this is indeed the true acceptation of the last petition in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> Prayer: for when S. Paul says—<span class="tei tei-q">“the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> will +deliver me <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from every evil work</span></em> and will preserve me unto +His heavenly kingdom; to whom be glory for ever and ever. +Amen,”</span><a id="noteref_661" name="noteref_661" href="#note_661"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">661</span></span></a>—what else is he referring to but to the words just +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page216">[pg 216]</span><a name="Pg216" id="Pg216" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +now under consideration? He explains that in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> +Prayer it is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from every evil work</span></em>”</span> that we pray to be +<span class="tei tei-q">“delivered.”</span> (Note also, that he retains <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Doxology</span></span>.) Compare +the places:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +S. Matth. vi. 13.—ἀλλὰ ῬΎΣΑΙ ἩΜΆΣ ἈΠῸ ΤΟΎ ΠΟΝΗΡΟΎ. ὍΤΙ +ΣΟΎ ἘΣΤΙΝ Ἡ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΊΑ ... καὶ Ἡ ΔΌΞΑ ἘΙΣ ΤΟΎΣ ἈΙΏΝΑΣ. ἈΜΉΝ. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +2 Tim. iv. 18.—καὶ ῬΎΣΕΤΑΊ ΜΕ ὁ Κύριος ἈΠῸ ΠΑΝΤῸΣ ἜΡΓΟΥ +ΠΟΝΗΡΟΥ καὶ σώσει εἰς ΤῊΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΊΑΝ ἈΥΤΟΥ ... ᾧ Ἡ ΔΌΞΑ ΕΊΣ +ΤΟΥΣ ἈΙΏΝΑΣ.... ἈΜΉΝ. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then further—(6), What more unlikely than that our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> would end with giving such prominence to that rebel +Angel whom by dying He is declared to have <span class="tei tei-q">“destroyed”</span>? +(Heb. ii. 14: 1 John iii. 8.) For, take away the Doxology +(as our Revisionists propose), and we shall begin the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> +Prayer with <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Our Father</span></span>,”</span> and literally end it with—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +Devil</span></em>!—But above all,—(7) Let it never be forgotten that +this is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the pattern Prayer</span></em>, a portion of every Christian +child's daily utterance,—the most sacred of all our formularies, +and by far the most often repeated,—into which it is +attempted in this way to introduce a startling novelty. +Lastly—(8), When it is called to mind that nothing short of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessity</span></em> has warranted the Revisionists in introducing a +single change into the A. V.,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clear and plain errors</span></em>”</span>—and +that no such plea can be feigned on the present occasion, the +liberty which they have taken in this place must be admitted +to be absolutely without excuse.... Such at least are the +grounds on which, for our own part, we refuse to entertain +the proposed introduction of the Devil into the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> +Prayer. From the position we have taken up, it will be +found utterly impossible to dislodge us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XIII. It is often urged on behalf of the Revisionists +that over not a few dark places of S. Paul's Epistles their +labours have thrown important light. Let it not be supposed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page217">[pg 217]</span><a name="Pg217" id="Pg217" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that we deny this. Many a Scriptural difficulty vanishes +the instant a place is accurately translated: a far greater +number, when the rendering is idiomatic. It would be +strange indeed if, at the end of ten years, the combined +labours of upwards of twenty Scholars, whose <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">raison d'être</span></span> as +Revisionists was to do this very thing, had not resulted in +the removal of many an obscurity in the A. V. of Gospels +and Epistles alike. What offends us is the discovery that, +for every obscurity which has been removed, at least half a +dozen others have been introduced: in other words, that the +result of this Revision has been the planting in of a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fresh +crop of difficulties</span></em>, before undreamed of; so that a perpetual +wrestling with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">these</span></em> is what hereafter awaits the diligent +student of the New Testament. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We speak not now of passages which have been merely +altered for the worse: as when, (in S. James i. 17, 18,) we +are invited to read,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Every good gift and every <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perfect boon</span></em> +is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with +whom <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">can be no variation</span></em>, neither <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shadow that is cast by +turning</span></em>. Of his own will <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he brought us forth</span></em>.”</span> Grievous as +such blemishes are, it is seen at a glance that they must be +set down to nothing worse than tasteless assiduity. What we +complain of is that, misled by a depraved Text, our Revisers +have often made nonsense of what before was perfectly clear: +and have not only thrust many of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> precious utterances +out of sight, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> Matt. xvii. 21: Mark x. 21 and xi. 26: +Luke ix. 55, 56); but have attributed to Him absurd sayings +which He certainly never uttered, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> Matt. xix. 17); or else, +given such a twist to what He actually said, that His +blessed words are no longer recognizable, (as in S. Matt. xi. 23: +S. Mark ix. 23: xi. 3). Take a sample:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1.) The Church has always understood her <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> to say,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, +I will that they also, whom Thou hast given Me, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page218">[pg 218]</span><a name="Pg218" id="Pg218" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +be with Me where I am; that they may behold My glory.”</span><a id="noteref_662" name="noteref_662" href="#note_662"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">662</span></span></a> +We reject with downright indignation the proposal henceforth +to read instead,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">, that which Thou hast given +Me I will that, where I am, they also may be with Me</span></em>,”</span> &c. +We suspect a misprint. The passage reads like nonsense. +Yes, and nonsense it is,—in Greek as well as in English: +(ὅ has been written for οὕς—one of the countless <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bêtises</span></span> for +which א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span> are exclusively responsible; and which the +weak superstition of these last days is for erecting into a +new Revelation). We appeal to the old Latin and to the +Vulgate,—to the better Egyptian and to all the Syriac +versions: to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known Lectionary</span></em>: to Clemens Alex.,<a id="noteref_663" name="noteref_663" href="#note_663"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">663</span></span></a>—to +Eusebius,<a id="noteref_664" name="noteref_664" href="#note_664"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">664</span></span></a>—to Nonnus,<a id="noteref_665" name="noteref_665" href="#note_665"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">665</span></span></a>—to Basil,<a id="noteref_666" name="noteref_666" href="#note_666"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">666</span></span></a>—to Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_667" name="noteref_667" href="#note_667"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">667</span></span></a>—to +Cyril,<a id="noteref_668" name="noteref_668" href="#note_668"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">668</span></span></a>—to Cælestinus,<a id="noteref_669" name="noteref_669" href="#note_669"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">669</span></span></a>—to Theodoret:<a id="noteref_670" name="noteref_670" href="#note_670"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">670</span></span></a> not to mention +Cyprian,<a id="noteref_671" name="noteref_671" href="#note_671"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">671</span></span></a>—Ambrose,<a id="noteref_672" name="noteref_672" href="#note_672"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">672</span></span></a>—Hilary,<a id="noteref_673" name="noteref_673" href="#note_673"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">673</span></span></a> &c.:<a id="noteref_674" name="noteref_674" href="#note_674"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">674</span></span></a> and above all, 16 +uncials, beginning with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>,—and the whole body of +the cursives. So many words ought not to be required. If +men prefer <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“mumpsimus”</span> to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">our</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“sumpsimus,”</span> let them +by all means have it: but pray let them keep their rubbish to +themselves,—and at least leave our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> words alone. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2.) We shall be told that the foregoing is an outrageous +instance. It is. Then take a few milder cases. They abound, +turn whichever way we will. Thus, we are invited to believe +that S. Luke relates concerning our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> that He <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was +led by the Spirit in the wilderness during forty days</span></em>”</span> (iv. 1). +We stare at this new revelation, and refer to the familiar +Greek. It proves to be the Greek of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the copies in the +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page219">[pg 219]</span><a name="Pg219" id="Pg219" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +world but four</span></em>; the Greek which supplied the Latin, the +Syrian, the Coptic Churches, with the text of their respective +Versions; the Greek which was familiar to +Origen,<a id="noteref_675" name="noteref_675" href="#note_675"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">675</span></span></a>—to Eusebius,<a id="noteref_676" name="noteref_676" href="#note_676"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">676</span></span></a>—to Basil,<a id="noteref_677" name="noteref_677" href="#note_677"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">677</span></span></a>—to Didymus,<a id="noteref_678" name="noteref_678" href="#note_678"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">678</span></span></a>—to +Theodoret,<a id="noteref_679" name="noteref_679" href="#note_679"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">679</span></span></a>—to Maximus,<a id="noteref_680" name="noteref_680" href="#note_680"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">680</span></span></a>—and to two other ancient +writers, one of whom has been mistaken for Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_681" name="noteref_681" href="#note_681"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">681</span></span></a> the +other for Basil.<a id="noteref_682" name="noteref_682" href="#note_682"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">682</span></span></a> It is therefore quite above suspicion. And +it informs us that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“was led by the Spirit <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into the +wilderness</span></em>;”</span> and there was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forty days tempted of the Devil</span></em>.”</span> +What then has happened to obscure so plain a statement? +Nothing more serious than that—(1) Four copies of bad +character (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d l</span></span>) exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“in”</span> instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“into:”</span> and that—(2) +Our Revisionists have been persuaded to believe that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> S. Luke must needs have done the same. Accordingly +they invite us to share their conviction that it was the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">leading about</span></em> of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, (and not His <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Temptation</span></em>,) which +lasted for 40 days. And this sorry misconception is to be +thrust upon the 90 millions of English-speaking Christians +throughout the world,—under the plea of <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity”</span>!... +But let us turn to a more interesting specimen of the mischievous +consequences which would ensue from the acceptance +of the present so-called <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3.) What is to be thought of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>, as a substitute for the +familiar language of 2 Cor. xii. 7?—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And by reason of the +exceeding greatness of the revelations—wherefore, that I should +not be exalted overmuch</span></em>, there was given to me a thorn in the +flesh.”</span> The word <span class="tei tei-q">“wherefore”</span> (διό), which occasions all the +difficulty—(breaking the back of the sentence and necessitating +the hypothesis of a change of construction)—is due +solely to the influence of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a bb</span></span>. The ordinary Text is recognized +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page220">[pg 220]</span><a name="Pg220" id="Pg220" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +by almost every other copy; by the Latin,—Syriac,—Gothic,—Armenian +Versions;—as well as by Irenæus,<a id="noteref_683" name="noteref_683" href="#note_683"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">683</span></span></a>—Origen,<a id="noteref_684" name="noteref_684" href="#note_684"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">684</span></span></a>—Macarius,<a id="noteref_685" name="noteref_685" href="#note_685"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">685</span></span></a>—Athanasius,<a id="noteref_686" name="noteref_686" href="#note_686"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">686</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_687" name="noteref_687" href="#note_687"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">687</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_688" name="noteref_688" href="#note_688"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">688</span></span></a>—John +Damascene.<a id="noteref_689" name="noteref_689" href="#note_689"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">689</span></span></a> Even Tischendorf here makes +a stand and refuses to follow his accustomed guides.<a id="noteref_690" name="noteref_690" href="#note_690"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">690</span></span></a> In +plain terms, the text of 2 Cor. xii. 7 is beyond the reach of +suspicion. Scarcely intelligible is the infatuation of which +our Revisers have been the dupes.—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Quousque tandem?</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4.) Now this is the method of the Revising body throughout: +viz. so seriously to maim the Text of many a familiar +passage of Holy Writ as effectually to mar it. Even where +they remedy an inaccuracy in the rendering of the A. V., +they often inflict a more grievous injury than mistranslation +on the inspired Text. An instance occurs at S. John x. 14, +where the good Shepherd says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“I know Mine own <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and am +known of Mine</span></em>, even as the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> knoweth Me and I know +the Father.”</span> By thrusting in here the Manichæan depravation +(<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and Mine own know Me</span></em>”</span>), our Revisionists have +obliterated the exquisite diversity of expression in the +original,—which implies that whereas the knowledge which +subsists between the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> is identical on +either side, not such is the knowledge which subsists between +the creature and the Creator. The refinement in question +has been faithfully retained all down the ages by every copy +in existence except four of bad character,—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d l</span></span>. It is +witnessed to by the Syriac,—by Macarius,<a id="noteref_691" name="noteref_691" href="#note_691"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">691</span></span></a>—Gregory Naz.,<a id="noteref_692" name="noteref_692" href="#note_692"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">692</span></span></a>—Chrysostom,<a id="noteref_693" name="noteref_693" href="#note_693"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">693</span></span></a>—Cyril +Alex.,<a id="noteref_694" name="noteref_694" href="#note_694"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">694</span></span></a>—Theodoret,<a id="noteref_695" name="noteref_695" href="#note_695"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">695</span></span></a>—Maximus.<a id="noteref_696" name="noteref_696" href="#note_696"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">696</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page221">[pg 221]</span><a name="Pg221" id="Pg221" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But why go on? Does any one in his sober senses suppose +that if S. John had written <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Mine own know Me</span></em>,”</span> 996 manuscripts +out of 1000, at the end of 1800 years, would be found +to exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I am known of Mine</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5.) The foregoing instances must suffice. A brief enumeration +of many more has been given already, at pp. <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref">144</a>(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>)-152. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, in view of the phenomenon just discovered to us,—(viz. +for one crop of deformities weeded out, an infinitely +larger crop of far grosser deformities as industriously +planted in,)—we confess to a feeling of distress and annoyance +which altogether indisposes us to accord to the +Revisionists that language of congratulation with which it +would have been so agreeable to receive their well-meant +endeavours. The serious question at once arises,—Is it to +be thought that upon the whole we are gainers, or losers, by +the Revised Version? And there seems to be no certain +way of resolving this doubt, but by opening a <span class="tei tei-q">“Profit and +Loss account”</span> with the Revisers,—crediting them with every +item of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gain</span></em>, and debiting them with every item of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">loss</span></em>. +But then,—(and we ask the question with sanguine simplicity,)—Why +should it not be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> gain and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> loss, when, +at the end of 270 years, a confessedly noble work, a truly +unique specimen of genius, taste and learning, is submitted +to a body of Scholars, equipped with every external advantage, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> in order that they may improve upon it—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if they +are able</span></em>? These learned individuals have had upwards of +ten years wherein to do their work. They have enjoyed the +benefit of the tentative labours of a host of predecessors,—some +for their warning, some for their help and guidance. +They have all along had before their eyes the solemn injunction +that, whatever they were not able <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly</span></em> to +improve, they were to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">supremely careful to let alone</span></em>. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page222">[pg 222]</span><a name="Pg222" id="Pg222" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +They were warned at the outset against any but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessary</span></em>”</span> +changes. Their sole business was to remove <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear +errors</span></em>.”</span> They had pledged themselves to introduce <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as few +alterations as possible</span></em>.”</span> Why then, we again ask,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> +should not every single innovation which they introduced +into the grand old exemplar before them, prove to be a +manifest, an undeniable change for the better?<a id="noteref_697" name="noteref_697" href="#note_697"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">697</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XIV. The more we ponder over this unfortunate production, +the more cordially do we regret that it was ever +undertaken. Verily, the Northern Convocation displayed a +far-sighted wisdom when it pronounced against the project +from the first. We are constrained to declare that could we +have conceived it possible that the persons originally appointed +by the Southern Province would have co-opted into +their body persons capable of executing their work with +such extravagant licentiousness as well as such conspicuous +bad taste, we should never have entertained one hopeful +thought on the subject. For indeed every characteristic +feature of the work of the Revisionists offends us,—as well +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page223">[pg 223]</span><a name="Pg223" id="Pg223" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in respect of what they have left undone, as of what they +have been the first to venture to do:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Charged <span class="tei tei-q">“to introduce <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as few</span></em> alterations as possible into +the Text of the Authorized Version,”</span> they have on the contrary +evidently acted throughout on the principle of making <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as +many</span></em> changes in it as they conveniently could. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Directed <span class="tei tei-q">“to limit, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as far as possible</span></em>, the expression of +such alterations to the language of the Authorized and +earlier English Versions,”</span>—they have introduced such terms +as <span class="tei tei-q">“assassin,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“apparition,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“boon,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“disparagement,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“divinity,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“effulgence,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“epileptic,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“fickleness,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“gratulation,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“irksome,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“interpose,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“pitiable,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“sluggish,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“stupor,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“surpass,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“tranquil:”</span> +such compounds as <span class="tei tei-q">“self-control,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“world-ruler:”</span> such +phrases as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">draw up</span></em> a narrative:”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the impulse</span></em> of the +steersman:”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in lack</span></em> of daily food:”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exercising</span></em> oversight.”</span> +These are but a very few samples of the offence committed +by our Revisionists, of which we complain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Whereas they were required <span class="tei tei-q">“to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">revise</span></em> the Headings of +the Chapters,”</span> they have not even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">retained</span></em> them. We +demand at least to have our excellent <span class="tei tei-q">“Headings”</span> back. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) And what has become of our time-honoured <span class="tei tei-q">“Marginal +References,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the very best Commentary</span></em> on the Bible, as we +believe,—certainly the very best help for the right understanding +of Scripture,—which the wit of man hath ever yet +devised? The <span class="tei tei-q">“Marginal References”</span> would be lost to the +Church for ever, if the work of the Revisionists were allowed +to stand: the space required for their insertion having been +completely swallowed up by the senseless, and worse than +senseless, Textual Annotations which at present infest the +margin of every sacred page. We are beyond measure +amazed that the Revisionists have even deprived the reader +of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">essential aid</span></em> of references to the places of the Old +Testament which are quoted in the New. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) Let the remark be added in passing, that we greatly +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page224">[pg 224]</span><a name="Pg224" id="Pg224" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +dislike the affectation of printing certain quotations from +the Old Testament after the strange method adopted by our +Revisers from Drs. Westcott and Hort. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) The further external <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">assimilation of the Sacred Volume +to an ordinary book</span></em> by getting rid of the division into Verses, +we also hold to be a great mistake. In the Greek, by all +means let the verses be merely noted in the margin: but, +for more than one weighty reason, in the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></em> Bible let +the established and peculiar method of printing the Word of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, tide what tide, be scrupulously retained. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) But incomparably the gravest offence is behind. By +far the most serious of all is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> Error to the consideration +of which we devoted our former Article. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The New +Greek Text</span></span> which, in defiance of their Instructions,<a id="noteref_698" name="noteref_698" href="#note_698"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">698</span></span></a> our +Revisionists have constructed, has been proved to be utterly +undeserving of confidence. Built up on a fallacy which since +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page225">[pg 225]</span><a name="Pg225" id="Pg225" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +1831 has been dominant in Germany, and which has lately +found but too much favour among ourselves, it is in the +main a reproduction of the recent labours of Doctors Westcott +and Hort. But we have already recorded our conviction, +that the results at which those eminent Scholars have arrived +are wholly inadmissible. It follows that, in our account, the +<span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version,”</span> has been all along a foredoomed thing. +If the <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text”</span> be indeed a tissue of fabricated +Readings, the translation of these into English must needs +prove lost labour. It is superfluous to enquire into the +merits of the English rendering of words which Evangelists +and Apostles demonstrably never wrote. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">h</span></span>) Even this, however, is not nearly all. As Translators, +full two-thirds of the Revisionists have shown themselves +singularly deficient,—alike in their critical acquaintance +with the language out of which they had to translate, and +in their familiarity with the idiomatic requirements of their +own tongue. They had a noble Version before them, which +they have contrived to spoil in every part. Its dignified +simplicity and essential faithfulness, its manly grace and +its delightful rhythm, they have shown themselves alike +unable to imitate and unwilling to retain. Their queer +uncouth phraseology and their jerky sentences:—their +pedantic obscurity and their stiff, constrained manner:—their +fidgetty affectation of accuracy,—and their habitual +achievement of English which fails to exhibit the spirit of +the original Greek;—are sorry substitutes for the living +freshness, and elastic freedom, and habitual fidelity of the +grand old Version which we inherited from our Fathers, and +which has sustained the spiritual life of the Church of +England, and of all English-speaking Christians, for 350 +years. Linked with all our holiest, happiest memories, and +bound up with all our purest aspirations: part and parcel of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page226">[pg 226]</span><a name="Pg226" id="Pg226" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +whatever there is of good about us: fraught with men's hopes +of a blessed Eternity and many a bright vision of the never-ending +Life;—the Authorized Version, wherever it was possible, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">should have been jealously retained</span></em>. But on the contrary. +Every familiar cadence has been dislocated: the congenial +flow of almost every verse of Scripture has been hopelessly +marred: so many of those little connecting words, which +give life and continuity to a narrative, have been vexatiously +displaced, that a perpetual sense of annoyance is created. +The countless minute alterations which have been needlessly +introduced into every familiar page prove at last as tormenting +as a swarm of flies to the weary traveller on a +summer's day.<a id="noteref_699" name="noteref_699" href="#note_699"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">699</span></span></a> To speak plainly, the book has been made +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unreadable</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in fact the distinguished Chairman of the New Testament +Company (Bishop Ellicott,) has delivered himself on +this subject in language which leaves nothing to be desired, +and which we willingly make our own. <span class="tei tei-q">“No Revision”</span> +(he says) <span class="tei tei-q">“in the present day <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">could hope to meet with an +hour's acceptance</span></em> if it failed to preserve the tone, rhythm, and +diction of the present Authorized Version.”</span><a id="noteref_700" name="noteref_700" href="#note_700"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">700</span></span></a>—What else is +this but a vaticination,—of which the uninspired Author, by +his own act and deed, has ensured the punctual fulfilment? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We lay the Revisers' volume down convinced that the +case of their work is simply hopeless. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Non ego paucis +offendar maculis.</span></span> Had the blemishes been capable of being +reckoned up, it might have been worth while to try to +remedy some of them. But when, instead of being disfigured +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page227">[pg 227]</span><a name="Pg227" id="Pg227" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +by a few weeds scattered here and there, the whole field +proves to be sown over in every direction with thorns and +briars; above all when, deep beneath the surface, roots of +bitterness to be counted by thousands, are found to have +been silently planted in, which are sure to produce poisonous +fruit after many days:—under <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such</span></em> circumstances only one +course can be prescribed. Let the entire area be ploughed +up,—ploughed deep; and let the ground be left for a decent +space of time without cultivation. It is idle—worse than +idle—to dream of revising, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with a view to retaining</span></em>, this +Revision. Another generation of students must be suffered +to arise. Time must be given for Passion and Prejudice +to cool effectually down. Partizanship, (which at present +prevails to an extraordinary extent, but which is wondrously +out of place in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> department of Sacred Learning,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Partizanship</span></em> +must be completely outlived,—before the +Church can venture, with the remotest prospect of a successful +issue, to organize another attempt at revising the +Authorized Version of the New Testament Scriptures. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Yes, and in the meantime—(let it in all faithfulness be +added)—the Science of Textual Criticism will have to be +prosecuted, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the first time</span></em>, in a scholarlike manner. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fundamental +Principles</span></span>,—sufficiently axiomatic to ensure +general acceptance,—will have to be laid down for men's +guidance. The time has quite gone by for vaunting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +now established Principles of Textual Criticism</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_701" name="noteref_701" href="#note_701"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">701</span></span></a>—as if they +had an actual existence. Let us be shown, instead, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which +those Principles be</span></em>. As for the weak superstition of these +last days, which—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without proof of any kind</span></em>—would erect two +IVth-century Copies of the New Testament, (demonstrably +derived from one and the same utterly depraved archetype,) +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page228">[pg 228]</span><a name="Pg228" id="Pg228" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +into an authority from which there shall be no appeal,—it +cannot be too soon or too unconditionally abandoned. And, +perhaps beyond all things, men must be invited to disabuse +their minds of the singular imagination that it is in their +power, when addressing themselves to that most difficult and +delicate of problems,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the improvement of the Traditional +Text</span></em>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“solvere ambulando.”</span><a id="noteref_702" name="noteref_702" href="#note_702"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">702</span></span></a> They are assured that they +may not take to Textual Criticism as ducks take to the +water. They will be drowned inevitably if they are so ill-advised +as to make the attempt. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then further, those who would interpret the New Testament +Scriptures, are reminded that a thorough acquaintance +with the Septuagintal Version of the Old Testament is one +indispensable condition of success.<a id="noteref_703" name="noteref_703" href="#note_703"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">703</span></span></a> And finally, the Revisionists +of the future (if they desire that their labours should +be crowned), will find it their wisdom to practise a severe +self-denial; to confine themselves to the correction of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain +and clear errors</span></em>;”</span> and in fact to <span class="tei tei-q">“introduce into the Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as +few alterations as possible</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On a review of all that has happened, from first to last, +we can but feel greatly concerned: greatly surprised: most of +all, disappointed. We had expected a vastly different result. +It is partly (not quite) accounted for, by the rare attendance +in the Jerusalem Chamber of some of the names on which +we had chiefly relied. Bishop Moberly (of Salisbury) was +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page229">[pg 229]</span><a name="Pg229" id="Pg229" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +present on only 121 occasions: Bishop Wordsworth (of S. +Andrews) on only 109: Archbishop Trench (of Dublin) on only +63: Bishop Wilberforce on only <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em>. The Archbishop, in his +Charge, adverts to <span class="tei tei-q">“the not unfrequent sacrifice of grace and +ease to the rigorous requirements of a literal accuracy;”</span> and +regards them <span class="tei tei-q">“as pushed to a faulty excess”</span> (p. 22). Eleven +years before the scheme for the present <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> had been +matured, the same distinguished and judicious Prelate, (then +Dean of Westminster,) persuaded as he was that a Revision +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ought</span></em> to come, and convinced that in time it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">would</span></em> come, +deprecated its being attempted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yet</span></em>. His words were,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Not +however, I would trust, as yet: for we are not as yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in any +respect prepared for it. The Greek, and the English</span></em> which +should enable us to bring this to a successful end might, it is +to be feared, be wanting alike.”</span><a id="noteref_704" name="noteref_704" href="#note_704"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">704</span></span></a> Archbishop Trench, with +wise after-thought, in a second edition, explained himself +to mean <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that special Hellenistic Greek, here required</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Bp. of S. Andrews has long since, in the fullest manner, +cleared himself from the suspicion of complicity in the errors +of the work before us,—as well in respect of the <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek +Text”</span> as of the <span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version.”</span> In the Charge +which he delivered at his Diocesan Synod, (22nd Sept. +1880,) he openly stated that two years before the work was +finally completed, he had felt obliged to address a printed +circular to each member of the Company, in which he +strongly remonstrated against the excess to which changes +had been carried; and that the remonstrance had been, for +the most part, unheeded. Had this been otherwise, there +is good reason to believe that the reception which the +Revision has met with would have been far less unfavourable, +and that many a controversy which it has stirred up, +would have been avoided. We have been assured that the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page230">[pg 230]</span><a name="Pg230" id="Pg230" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Bp. of S. Andrews would have actually resigned his place in +the Company at that time, if he had not been led to expect +that some opportunity would have been taken by the +Minority, when the work was finished, to express their +formal dissent from the course which had been followed, +and many of the conclusions which had been adopted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Were certain other excellent personages, (Scholars and +Divines of the best type) who were often present, disposed +at this late hour to come forward, they too would doubtless +tell us that they heartily regretted what was done, but were +powerless to prevent it. It is no secret that Dr. Lee,—the +learned Archdeacon of Dublin,—(one of the few really +competent members of the Revising body,)—found himself +perpetually in the minority. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The same is to be recorded concerning Dr. Roberts, whose +work on the Gospels (published in 1864) shows that he is +not by any means so entirely a novice in the mysteries of +Textual Criticism as certain of his colleagues.—One famous +Scholar and excellent Divine,—a Dean whom we forbear to +name,—with the modesty of real learning, often withheld +what (had he given it) would have been an adverse vote.—Another +learned and accomplished Dean (Dr. Merivale), after +attending 19 meetings of the Revising body, withdrew in +disgust from them entirely. He disapproved <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the method</span></em> of +his colleagues, and was determined to incur no share of responsibility +for the probable result of their deliberations.—By +the way,—What about a certain solemn Protest, by +means of which the Minority had resolved <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">liberare animas +suas</span></span> concerning the open disregard shown by the Majority +for the conditions under which they had been entrusted with +the work of Revision, but which was withheld at the last +moment? Inasmuch as their reasons for the course they +eventually adopted seemed sufficient to those high-minded and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page231">[pg 231]</span><a name="Pg231" id="Pg231" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +honourable men, we forbear to challenge it. Nothing however +shall deter us from plainly avowing our own opinion that +human regards scarcely deserve a hearing when <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> +Truth is imperilled. And that the Truth of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Word in +countless instances <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has been</span></em> ignorantly sacrificed by a majority +of the Revisionists—(out of deference to a worthless +Theory, newly invented and passionately advocated by two +of their body),—has been already demonstrated; as far, that +is, as demonstration is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">possible</span></em> in this subject matter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As for Prebendary Scrivener,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only really competent +Textual Critic of the whole party</span></em>,—it is well known +that he found himself perpetually outvoted by two-thirds +of those present. We look forward to the forthcoming +new edition of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction</span></span>, in the confident +belief that he will there make it abundantly plain that he is +in no degree responsible for the monstrous Text which it +became his painful duty to conduct through the Press on +behalf of the entire body, of which he continued to the +last to be a member. It is no secret that, throughout, Dr. +Scrivener pleaded in vain for the general view we have +ourselves advocated in this and the preceding Article. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All alike may at least enjoy the real satisfaction of +knowing that, besides having stimulated, to an extraordinary +extent, public attention to the contents of the Book +of Life, they have been instrumental in awakening a living +interest in one important but neglected department of +Sacred Science, which will not easily be again put to sleep. +It may reasonably prove a solace to them to reflect that +they have besides, although perhaps in ways they did not +anticipate, rendered excellent service to mankind. A monument +they have certainly erected to themselves,—though +neither of their Taste nor yet of their Learning. Their well-meant +endeavours have provided an admirable text-book for +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page232">[pg 232]</span><a name="Pg232" id="Pg232" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Teachers of Divinity,—who will henceforth instruct their +pupils to beware of the Textual errors of the Revisionists of +1881, as well as of their tasteless, injudicious, and unsatisfactory +essays in Translation. This work of theirs will discharge +the office of a warning beacon to as many as shall +hereafter embark on the same perilous enterprise with themselves. +It will convince men of the danger of pursuing the +same ill-omened course: trusting to the same unskilful +guidance: venturing too near the same wreck-strewn shore. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Its effect will be to open men's eyes, as nothing else +could possibly have done, to the dangers which beset the +Revision of Scripture. It will teach faithful hearts to cling +the closer to the priceless treasure which was bequeathed +to them by the piety and wisdom of their fathers. It will +dispel for ever the dream of those who have secretly imagined +that a more exact Version, undertaken with the +boasted helps of this nineteenth century of ours, would +bring to light something which has been hitherto unfairly +kept concealed or else misrepresented. Not the least +service which the Revisionists have rendered has been +the proof their work affords, how very seldom our +Authorized Version is materially wrong: how faithful and +trustworthy, on the contrary, it is throughout. Let it be +also candidly admitted that, even where (in our judgment) +the Revisionists have erred, they have never had the misfortune +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seriously</span></em> to obscure a single feature of Divine Truth; +nor have they in any quarter (as we hope) inflicted wounds +which will be attended with worse results than to leave a +hideous scar behind them. It is but fair to add that their +work bears marks of an amount of conscientious (though +misdirected) labour, which those only can fully appreciate +who have made the same province of study to some extent +their own. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page234">[pg 234]</span><a name="Pg234" id="Pg234" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc9" id="toc9"></a> +<a name="pdf10" id="pdf10"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Article III. Westcott And Hort's New +Textual Theory.</span></h1> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">In the determination of disputed readings, these Critics avail themselves +of so small a portion of existing materials, or allow so little weight +to others, that the Student who follows them has positively </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">less ground +for his convictions than former Scholars had at any period in the history +of modern Criticism</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Canon Cook</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, p. 16. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We have no right, doubtless, to assume that our Principles are infallible: +but we </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">have</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> a right to claim that any one who rejects them ... +should confute the Arguments and rebut the Evidence on which the +opposite conclusion has been founded. </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Strong expressions of Individual +Opinion are not Arguments.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bp. Ellicott's</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> Pamphlet, (1882,) p. 40. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +Our </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">method involves vast research, unwearied patience.... It will +therefore find but little favour with </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">those who adopt the easy method</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> ... +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">of using some favourite Manuscript</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, or </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">some supposed power of divining +the Original Text</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bp. Ellicott</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> p. 19. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Non enim sumus sicut plurimi, adulterantes (καπηλεύοντες) verbum +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Dei</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—2 Cor. ii. 17. +</span></p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page235">[pg 235]</span><a name="Pg235" id="Pg235" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Job</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +xxxviii. 2. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Can the blind lead the blind? shall they not both fall into the +ditch?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">S. Luke</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> vi. 39. +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Proposing to ourselves (May 17th, 1881) to enquire into +the merits of the recent Revision of the Authorized Version +of the New Testament Scriptures, we speedily became aware +that an entirely different problem awaited us and demanded +preliminary investigation. We made the distressing discovery, +that the underlying Greek Text had been completely refashioned +throughout. It was accordingly not so much a +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised English Version</span></em>”</span> as a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New Greek Text</span></em>,”</span> which was +challenging public acceptance. Premature therefore,—not to +say preposterous,—would have been any enquiry into the +degree of ability with which the original Greek had been +rendered into English by our Revisionists, until we had first +satisfied ourselves that it was still <span class="tei tei-q">“the original Greek”</span> with +which we had to deal: or whether it had been the supreme +infelicity of a body of Scholars claiming to act by the +authority of the sacred Synod of Canterbury, to put themselves +into the hands of some ingenious theory-monger, and +to become the dupes of any of the strange delusions which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page236">[pg 236]</span><a name="Pg236" id="Pg236" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +are found unhappily still to prevail in certain quarters, on +the subject of Textual Criticism. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The correction of known Textual errors of course we +eagerly expected: and on every occasion when the Traditional +Text was altered, we as confidently depended on +finding a record of the circumstance inserted with religious +fidelity into the margin,—as agreed upon by the Revisionists +at the outset. In both of these expectations however we +found ourselves sadly disappointed. The Revisionists have +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> corrected the <span class="tei tei-q">“known Textual errors.”</span> On the other +hand, besides silently adopting most of those wretched fabrications +which are just now in favour with the German school, +they have encumbered their margin with those other Readings +which, after due examination, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they had themselves deliberately +rejected</span></em>. For why? Because, in their collective judgment, +<span class="tei tei-q">“for the present, it would not be safe to accept one Reading +to the absolute exclusion of others.”</span><a id="noteref_705" name="noteref_705" href="#note_705"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">705</span></span></a> A fatal admission +truly! What are found in the margin are therefore <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alternative +Readings</span></em>,”</span>—in the opinion of these self-constituted +representatives of the Church and of the Sects. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It becomes evident that, by this ill-advised proceeding, +our Revisionists would convert every Englishman's copy +of the New Testament into a one-sided Introduction to +the Critical difficulties of the Greek Text; a labyrinth, +out of which they have not been at the pains to supply +him with a single hint as to how he may find his way. +On the contrary. By candidly avowing that they find themselves +enveloped in the same Stygian darkness with the +ordinary English Reader, they give him to understand that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page237">[pg 237]</span><a name="Pg237" id="Pg237" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +there is absolutely no escape from the difficulty. What +else must be the result of all this but general uncertainty, +confusion, distress? A hazy mistrust of all Scripture has +been insinuated into the hearts and minds of countless +millions, who in this way have been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forced</span></em> to become doubters,—yes, +doubters in the Truth of Revelation itself. One +recals sorrowfully the terrible woe denounced by the Author +of Scripture on those who minister occasions of falling to +others:—<span class="tei tei-q">“It must needs be that offences come; but woe to +that man by whom the offence cometh!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For ourselves, shocked and offended at the unfaithfulness +which could so deal with the sacred Deposit, we made it our +business to expose, somewhat in detail, what had been the +method of our Revisionists. In our October number<a id="noteref_706" name="noteref_706" href="#note_706"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">706</span></span></a> we demonstrated, +(as far as was possible within such narrow limits,) +the utterly untrustworthy character of not a few of the +results at which, after ten years of careful study, these +distinguished Scholars proclaim to the civilized world that +they have deliberately arrived. In our January number<a id="noteref_707" name="noteref_707" href="#note_707"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">707</span></span></a> +also, we found it impossible to avoid extending our enumeration +of Textual errors and multiplying our proofs, while +we were making it our business to show that, even had their +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></em> been faultless, their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Translation</span></em> must needs be rejected +as intolerable, on grounds of defective Scholarship and +egregious bad Taste. The popular verdict has in the meantime +been pronounced unmistakably. It is already admitted +on all hands that the Revision has been a prodigious blunder. +How it came about that, with such a first-rate textual Critic +among them as Prebendary Scrivener,<a id="noteref_708" name="noteref_708" href="#note_708"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">708</span></span></a> the Revisers of 1881 +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page238">[pg 238]</span><a name="Pg238" id="Pg238" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +should have deliberately gone back to those vile fabrications +from which the good Providence of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> preserved Erasmus +and Stunica,—Stephens and Beza and the Elzevirs,—three +centuries ago:—how it happened that, with so many splendid +Scholars sitting round their table, they should have produced +a Translation which, for the most part, reads like a first-rate +school-boy's <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">crib</span></em>,—tasteless, unlovely, harsh, unidiomatic;—servile +without being really faithful,—pedantic without being +really learned;—an unreadable Translation, in short; the +result of a vast amount of labour indeed, but of wondrous +little skill:—how all this has come about, it were utterly +useless at this time of day to enquire. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page239">[pg 239]</span><a name="Pg239" id="Pg239" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Unable to disprove the correctness of our Criticism on +the Revised Greek Text, even in a single instance, certain +partizans of the Revision,—singular to relate,—have been +ever since industriously promulgating the notion, that the +Reviewer's great misfortune and fatal disadvantage all along +has been, that he wrote his first Article before the publication +of Drs. Westcott and Hort's Critical <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>.”</span> +Had he but been so happy as to have been made aware by +those eminent Scholars of the critical principles which have +guided them in the construction of their Text, how differently +must he have expressed himself throughout, and to what +widely different conclusions must he have inevitably arrived! +This is what has been once and again either openly declared, +or else privately intimated, in many quarters. Some, in the +warmth of their partizanship, have been so ill-advised as to +insinuate that it argues either a deficiency of moral courage, +or else of intellectual perception, in the Reviewer, that he has +not long since grappled definitely with the Theory of Drs. +Westcott and Hort,—and either published an Answer to it, +or else frankly admitted that he finds it unanswerable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) All of which strikes us as queer in a high degree. +First, because as a matter of fact we were careful to make it +plain that the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> in question had duly reached us +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">before the first sheet</span></em> of our earlier Article had left our hands. +To be brief,—we made it our business to procure a copy and +read it through, the instant we heard of its publication: and +on our fourteenth page (see above, pp. <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref">26-8</a>) we endeavoured +to compress into a long foot-note some account of a Theory +which (we take leave to say) can appear formidable only to +one who either lacks the patience to study it, or else the +knowledge requisite to understand it. We found that, from +a diligent perusal of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> prefixed to the <span class="tei tei-q">“limited +and private issue”</span> of 1870, we had formed a perfectly correct +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page240">[pg 240]</span><a name="Pg240" id="Pg240" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +estimate of the contents of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>; and had already +characterized it with entire accuracy at pp. 24 to 29 of our +first Article. Drs. Westcott and Hort's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">New Testament in +the original Greek</span></span> was discovered to <span class="tei tei-q">“partake inconveniently +of the nature of a work of the Imagination,”</span>—as we had +anticipated. We became easily convinced that <span class="tei tei-q">“those accomplished +Scholars had succeeded in producing a Text +vastly more remote from the inspired autographs of the +Evangelists and Apostles of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, than any which has +appeared since the invention of Printing.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) But the queerest circumstance is behind. How is it +supposed that any amount of study of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the last new Theory</span></em> of +Textual Revision can seriously affect a Reviewer's estimate +of the evidential value of the historical <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em> on which he +relies for his proof that a certain exhibition of the Greek +Text is untrustworthy? The <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">onus probandi</span></span> rests clearly not +with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>, but with those who call those proofs of his in +question. More of this, however, by and by. We are impatient +to get on. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) And then, lastly,—What have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we</span></em> to do with the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Theory</span></em> +of Drs. Westcott and Hort? or indeed with the Theory of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any other person who can be named</span></em>? We have been examining +the new Greek Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the Revisionists</span></em>. We have condemned, +after furnishing detailed proof, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the results</span></em> at which—by +whatever means—that distinguished body of Scholars has +arrived. Surely it is competent to us to upset their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conclusion</span></em>, +without being constrained also to investigate in detail +the illicit logical processes by which two of their number in +a separate publication have arrived at far graver results, and +often even stand hopelessly apart, the one from the other! +We say it in no boastful spirit, but we have an undoubted +right to assume, that unless the Revisionists are able by a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page241">[pg 241]</span><a name="Pg241" id="Pg241" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +stronger array of authorities to set aside the evidence we +have already brought forward, the calamitous destiny of their +<span class="tei tei-q">“Revision,”</span> so far as the New Testament is concerned, is +simply a thing inevitable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let it not be imagined, however, from what goes before, +that we desire to shirk the proposed encounter with the +advocates of this last new Text, or that we entertain the +slightest intention of doing so. We willingly accept the +assurance, that it is only because Drs. Westcott and Hort are +virtually responsible for the Revisers' Greek Text, that it is +so imperiously demanded by the Revisers and their partizans, +that the Theory of the two Cambridge Professors may be +critically examined. We can sympathize also with the secret +distress of certain of the body, who now, when it is all +too late to remedy the mischief, begin to suspect that they +have been led away by the hardihood of self-assertion;—overpowered +by the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">facundia præceps</span></span> of one who is at least a +thorough believer in his own self-evolved opinions;—imposed +upon by the seemingly consentient pages of Tischendorf and +Tregelles, Westcott and Hort.—Without further preface we +begin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is presumed that we shall be rendering acceptable +service in certain quarters if,—before investigating the particular +Theory which has been proposed for consideration,—we +endeavour to give the unlearned English Reader some general +notion, (it must perforce be a very imperfect one,) of the +nature of the controversy to which the Theory now to be +considered belongs, and out of which it has sprung. Claiming +to be an attempt to determine the Truth of Scripture on +scientific principles, the work before us may be regarded as +the latest outcome of that violent recoil from the Traditional +Greek Text,—that strange impatience of its authority, or +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page242">[pg 242]</span><a name="Pg242" id="Pg242" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +rather denial that it possesses any authority at all,—which +began with Lachmann just 50 years ago (viz. in 1831), and +has prevailed ever since; its most conspicuous promoters +being Tregelles (1857-72) and Tischendorf (1865-72). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The true nature of the Principles which respectively +animate the two parties in this controversy is at this time as +much as ever,—perhaps <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> than ever,—popularly misunderstood. +The common view of the contention in which they +are engaged, is certainly the reverse of complimentary to the +school of which Dr. Scrivener is the most accomplished living +exponent. We hear it confidently asserted that the contention +is nothing else but an irrational endeavour on the one +part to set up the many modern against the few ancient +Witnesses;—the later cursive copies against the <span class="tei tei-q">“old Uncials;”</span>—inveterate +traditional Error against undoubted primitive +Truth. The disciples of the new popular school, on the contrary, +are represented as relying exclusively <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on Antiquity</span></em>. +We respectfully assure as many as require the assurance, +that the actual contention is of an entirely different nature. +But, before we offer a single word in the way of explanation, +let the position of our assailants at least be correctly ascertained +and clearly established. We have already been constrained +to some extent to go over this ground: but we will +not repeat ourselves. The Reader is referred back, in the +meantime, to pp. <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref">21-24</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Lachmann's ruling principle then, was exclusive reliance +on a very few ancient authorities—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because</span></em> they are <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient.”</span> +He constructed his Text on three or four,—not unfrequently +on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one or two</span></em>,—Greek codices. Of the Greek Fathers, he +relied on Origen. Of the oldest Versions, he cared only for +the Latin. To the Syriac (concerning which, see above, p. <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref">9</a>), +he paid no attention. We venture to think his method +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page243">[pg 243]</span><a name="Pg243" id="Pg243" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">irrational</span></em>. But this is really a point on which the thoughtful +reader is competent to judge for himself. He is invited +to read the note at foot of the page.<a id="noteref_709" name="noteref_709" href="#note_709"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">709</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Tregelles adopted the same strange method. He resorted +to a very few out of the entire mass of <span class="tei tei-q">“ancient Authorities”</span> +for the construction of his Text. His proceeding is exactly +that of a man, who—in order that he may the better explore +a comparatively unknown region—begins by putting out both +his eyes; and resolutely refuses the help of the natives +to show him the way. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> he rejected the testimony of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every Father of the IVth century, except Eusebius</span></em>,—it were +unprofitable to enquire. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Tischendorf, the last and by far the ablest Critic of the +three, knew better than to reject <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eighty-nine ninetieths</span></em>”</span> of +the extant witnesses. He had recourse to the ingenious expedient +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">adducing</span></em> all the available evidence, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">adopting</span></em> +just as little of it as he chose: and he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">chose</span></em> to adopt those +readings only, which are vouched for by the same little band +of authorities whose partial testimony had already proved +fatal to the decrees of Lachmann and Tregelles. Happy in +having discovered (in 1859) an uncial codex (א) second in +antiquity only to the oldest before known (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>), and strongly +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page244">[pg 244]</span><a name="Pg244" id="Pg244" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +resembling that famous IVth-century codex in the character +of its contents, he suffered his judgment to be overpowered +by the circumstance. He at once (1865-72) remodelled his +7th edition (1856-9) in 3505 places,—<span class="tei tei-q">“to the scandal of the +science of Comparative Criticism, as well as to his own grave +discredit for discernment and consistency.”</span><a id="noteref_710" name="noteref_710" href="#note_710"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">710</span></span></a> And yet he +knew concerning Cod. א, that at least ten different Revisers +from the Vth century downwards had laboured to remedy +the scandalously corrupt condition of a text which, <span class="tei tei-q">“as it +proceeded from the first scribe,”</span> even Tregelles describes as +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very rough</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_711" name="noteref_711" href="#note_711"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">711</span></span></a> But in fact the infatuation which prevails to +this hour in this department of sacred Science can only be +spoken of as incredible. Enough has been said to show—(the +only point we are bent on establishing)—that the one +distinctive tenet of the three most famous Critics since 1831 +has been a superstitious reverence for whatever is found in +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">same little handful</span></em> of early,—but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> the earliest,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nor +yet of necessity the purest</span></em>,—documents. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Against this arbitrary method of theirs we solemnly, stiffly +remonstrate. <span class="tei tei-q">“Strange,”</span> we venture to exclaim, (addressing +the living representatives of the school of Lachmann, +and Tregelles, and Tischendorf):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Strange, that you should +not perceive that you are the dupes of a fallacy which +is even transparent. You <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">talk</span></em> of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity.’</span> But you must +know very well that you actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mean</span></em> something different. +You fasten upon three, or perhaps four,—on two, or perhaps +three,—on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one, or perhaps two</span></em>,—documents of the IVth +or Vth century. But then, confessedly, these are one, two, +three, or four <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">specimens only</span></em> of Antiquity,—not <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity’</span> +itself. And what if they should even prove to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unfair +samples</span></em> of Antiquity? Thus, you are observed always to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page245">[pg 245]</span><a name="Pg245" id="Pg245" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +quote cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or at least cod. א. Pray, why may not the Truth +reside instead with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>?—You quote the old Latin +or the Coptic. Why may not the Peschito or the Sahidic +be right rather?—You quote either Origen or else Eusebius,—but +why not Didymus and Athanasius, Epiphanius and +Basil, Chrysostom and Theodoret, the Gregories and the +Cyrils?... It will appear therefore that we are every bit +as strongly convinced as you can be of the paramount claims +of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity:’</span> but that, eschewing prejudice and partiality, +we differ from you only in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>, viz. that we absolutely refuse +to bow down before the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">particular specimens of Antiquity</span></em> +which you have arbitrarily selected as the objects of your +superstition. You are illogical enough to propose to include +within your list of <span class="tei tei-q">‘ancient Authorities,’</span> codd. 1, 33 and 69,—which +are severally MSS. of the Xth, XIth, and XIVth +centuries. And why? Only because the Text of those 3 +copies is observed to bear a sinister resemblance to that of +codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. But then why, in the name of common sense, do you +not show corresponding favour to the remaining 997 cursive +Copies of the N. T.,—seeing that these are observed to bear +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the same general resemblance to codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>?... You are for ever +talking about <span class="tei tei-q">‘old Readings.’</span> Have you not yet discovered +that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">all</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">‘Readings’</span> are <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">old</span></span>’</span>?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The last contribution to this department of sacred Science +is a critical edition of the New Testament by Drs. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Westcott</span></span> +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Hort</span></span>. About this, we proceed to offer a few remarks. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I. The first thing here which unfavourably arrests attention +is the circumstance that this proves to be the only +Critical Edition of the New Testament since the days of Mill, +which does not even pretend to contribute something to our +previous critical knowledge of the subject. Mill it was +(1707) who gave us the great bulk of our various Readings; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page246">[pg 246]</span><a name="Pg246" id="Pg246" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which Bengel (1734) slightly, and Wetstein (1751-2) very +considerably, enlarged.—The accurate Matthæi (1782-8) acquainted +us with the contents of about 100 codices more; and +was followed by Griesbach (1796-1806) with important additional +materials.—Birch had in the meantime (1788) culled +from the principal libraries of Europe a large assortment of +new Readings: while truly marvellous was the accession of +evidence which Scholz brought to light in 1830.—And +though Lachmann (1842-50) did wondrous little in this +department, he yet furnished the critical authority (such as +it is) for his own unsatisfactory Text.—Tregelles (1857-72), +by his exact collations of MSS. and examination of the +earliest Fathers, has laid the Church under an abiding +obligation: and what is to be said of Tischendorf (1856-72), +who has contributed more to our knowledge than any other +editor of the N. T. since the days of Mill?—Dr. Scrivener, +though he has not independently edited the original Text, is +clearly to be reckoned among those who <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em>, by reason of +his large, important, and accurate contributions to our knowledge +of ancient documents. Transfer his collections of +various Readings to the foot of the page of a copy of the +commonly Received Text,—and <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scrivener's New Testament</span></span>”</span><a id="noteref_712" name="noteref_712" href="#note_712"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">712</span></span></a> +might stand between the editions of Mill and of Wetstein. +Let the truth be told. C. F. Matthæi and he are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only +two Scholars who have collated any considerable number of +sacred Codices with the needful amount of accuracy</span></em>.<a id="noteref_713" name="noteref_713" href="#note_713"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">713</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page247">[pg 247]</span><a name="Pg247" id="Pg247" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, we trust we shall be forgiven if, at the close of the +preceding enumeration, we confess to something like displeasure +at the oracular tone assumed by Drs. Westcott and +Hort in dealing with the Text of Scripture, though they +admit (page 90) that they <span class="tei tei-q">“rely for documentary evidence on +the stores accumulated by their predecessors.”</span> Confident as +those distinguished Professors may reasonably feel of their +ability to dispense with the ordinary appliances of Textual +Criticism; and proud (as they must naturally be) of a verifying +faculty which (although they are able to give no account +of it) yet enables them infallibly to discriminate between the +false and the true, as well as to assign <span class="tei tei-q">“a local habitation and +a name”</span> to every word,—inspired or uninspired,—which +purports to belong to the N. T.:—they must not be offended +with us if we freely assure them at the outset that we shall +decline to accept a single argumentative assertion of theirs +for which they fail to offer sufficient proof. Their wholly +unsupported decrees, at the risk of being thought uncivil, we +shall unceremoniously reject, as soon as we have allowed +them a hearing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This resolve bodes ill, we freely admit, to harmonious +progress. But it is inevitable. For, to speak plainly, we +never before met with such a singular tissue of magisterial +statements, unsupported by a particle of rational evidence, as +we meet with here. The abstruse gravity, the long-winded +earnestness of the writer's manner, contrast whimsically +with the utterly inconsequential character of his antecedents +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page248">[pg 248]</span><a name="Pg248" id="Pg248" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and his consequents throughout. Professor Hort—(for <span class="tei tei-q">“the +writing of the volume and the other accompaniments of the +Text devolved”</span> on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>,<a id="noteref_714" name="noteref_714" href="#note_714"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">714</span></span></a>)—Dr. Hort seems to mistake his +Opinions for facts,—his Assertions for arguments,—and a +Reiteration of either for an accession of evidence. There is +throughout the volume, apparently, a dread of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Facts</span></em> which is +even extraordinary. An actual illustration of the learned +Author's meaning,—a concrete case,—seems as if it were +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> forthcoming. At last it comes: but the phenomenon +is straightway discovered to admit of at least two interpretations, +and therefore never to prove the thing intended. +In a person of high education,—in one accustomed to exact +reasoning,—we should have supposed all this impossible.... +But it is high time to unfold the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> at the first +page, and to begin to read. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +II. It opens (p. 1-11) with some unsatisfactory Remarks +on <span class="tei tei-q">“Transmission by Writing;”</span> vague and inaccurate,—unsupported +by one single Textual reference,—and labouring under +the grave defect of leaving the most instructive phenomena +of the problem wholly untouched. For, inasmuch as <span class="tei tei-q">“Transmission +by writing”</span> involves two distinct classes of errors, +(1st) Those which are the result of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Accident</span></em>,—and (2ndly) +Those which are the result of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Design</span></em>,—it is to use a Reader +badly not to take the earliest opportunity of explaining to +him that what makes codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> such utterly untrustworthy +guides, (except when supported by a large amount of extraneous +evidence,) is the circumstance that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Design</span></em> had +evidently so much to do with a vast proportion of the peculiar +errors in which they severally abound. In other words, +each of those codices clearly exhibits a fabricated Text,—is +the result of arbitrary and reckless <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Recension</span></em>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page249">[pg 249]</span><a name="Pg249" id="Pg249" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, this is not a matter of opinion, but of fact. In +S. Luke's Gospel alone (collated with the traditional Text) +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transpositions</span></em> in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> amount to 228,—affecting 654 +words: in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, to 464,—affecting 1401 words. Proceeding +with our examination of the same Gospel according to +S. Luke, we find that the words <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> are 757,—in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, +1552. The words <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substituted</span></em> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> amount to 309,—in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, to +1006. The readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peculiar</span></em> to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> are 138, and affect 215 +words;—those peculiar to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, are 1731, and affect 4090 +words. Wondrous few of these <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">can</span></em> have been due to accidental +causes. The Text of one or of both codices must +needs be depraved. (As for א, it is so frequently found in +accord with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, that out of consideration for our Readers, we +omit the corresponding figures.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We turn to codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>—(executed, suppose, a hundred +years <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">after</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and a hundred years <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">before</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>)—and the figures +are found to be as follows:— +</p> + +<table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="3"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"></td><td class="tei tei-cell">In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span></td><td class="tei tei-cell">In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c.</span></span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">The transpositions are</td><td class="tei tei-cell">75</td><td class="tei tei-cell">67</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">affecting</td><td class="tei tei-cell">199 words</td><td class="tei tei-cell">197</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">The words omitted are</td><td class="tei tei-cell">208</td><td class="tei tei-cell">175</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">The words substituted</td><td class="tei tei-cell">111</td><td class="tei tei-cell">115</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">The peculiar readings</td><td class="tei tei-cell">90</td><td class="tei tei-cell">87</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">affecting</td><td class="tei tei-cell">131 words</td><td class="tei tei-cell">127</td></tr></tbody></table> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, (as we had occasion to explain in a previous page,<a id="noteref_715" name="noteref_715" href="#note_715"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">715</span></span></a>) +it is entirely to misunderstand the question, to object that +the preceding Collation has been made with the Text of +Stephanus open before us. Robert Etienne in the XVIth +century was not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the cause</span></em> why cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> in the IVth, and cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> +in the VIth, are so widely discordant from one another; +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, so utterly at variance with both. The simplest +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page250">[pg 250]</span><a name="Pg250" id="Pg250" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +explanation of the phenomena is the truest; namely, that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> exhibit grossly depraved Texts;—a circumstance of +which it is impossible that the ordinary Reader should be too +soon or too often reminded. But to proceed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +III. Some remarks follow, on what is strangely styled +<span class="tei tei-q">“Transmission by printed Editions:”</span> in the course of which +Dr. Hort informs us that Lachmann's Text of 1831 was +<span class="tei tei-q">“the first founded on documentary authority.”</span><a id="noteref_716" name="noteref_716" href="#note_716"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">716</span></span></a>... On +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> then, pray, does the learned Professor imagine that +the Texts of Erasmus (1516) and of Stunica (1522) were +founded? His statement is incorrect. The actual difference +between Lachmann's Text and those of the earlier Editors is, +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“documentary authority”</span> is partial, narrow, self-contradictory; +and is proved to be untrustworthy by a free +appeal to Antiquity. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Their</span></em> documentary authority, derived +from independent sources,—though partial and narrow as +that on which Lachmann relied,—exhibits (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">under the good +Providence of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>,) a Traditional Text, the general purity +of which is demonstrated by all the evidence which 350 +years of subsequent research have succeeded in accumulating; +and which is confessedly the Text of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 375. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +IV. We are favoured, in the third place, with the <span class="tei tei-q">“History +of this Edition:”</span> in which the point that chiefly arrests +attention is the explanation afforded of the many and serious +occasions on which Dr. Westcott (<span class="tei tei-q">“W.”</span>) and Dr. Hort (<span class="tei tei-q">“H.”</span>), +finding it impossible to agree, have set down their respective +notions separately and subscribed them with their respective +initial. We are reminded of what was wittily said concerning +Richard Baxter: viz. that even if no one but himself +existed in the Church, <span class="tei tei-q">“Richard”</span> would still be found to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page251">[pg 251]</span><a name="Pg251" id="Pg251" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +disagree with <span class="tei tei-q">“Baxter,”</span>—and <span class="tei tei-q">“Baxter”</span> with <span class="tei tei-q">“Richard”</span>.... +We read with uneasiness that +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">no individual mind can ever act with perfect uniformity, or +free itself completely from </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">its own Idiosyncrasies</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">;</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and that +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">the danger of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">unconscious Caprice</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> is inseparable from personal +judgment.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 17.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this reminds us painfully of certain statements made +by the same Editors in 1870:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We are obliged to come to the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">individual mind</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> at last; and +Canons of Criticism are useful only as warnings against </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">natural +illusions</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and aids to circumspect consideration, not as absolute +rules to prescribe the final decision.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(pp. xviii., xix.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +May we be permitted without offence to point out (not for +the first time) that <span class="tei tei-q">“idiosyncrasies”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“unconscious caprice,”</span> +and the fancies of the <span class="tei tei-q">“individual mind,”</span> can be allowed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no +place whatever</span></em> in a problem of such gravity and importance +as the present? Once admit such elements, and we are +safe to find ourselves in cloud-land to-morrow. A weaker +foundation on which to build, is not to be named. And +when we find that the learned Professors <span class="tei tei-q">“venture to hope +that the present Text has escaped some risks of this kind by +being the production of two Editors of different habits of +mind, working independently and to a great extent on +different plans,”</span>—we can but avow our conviction that the +safeguard is altogether inadequate. When two men, devoted +to the same pursuit, are in daily confidential intercourse on +such a subject, the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">natural illusions</span></em>”</span> of either have a +marvellous tendency to communicate themselves. Their +Reader's only protection is rigidly to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insist</span></em> on the production +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Proof</span></em> for everything which these authors say. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +V. The dissertation on <span class="tei tei-q">“Intrinsic”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Transcriptional +Probability”</span> which follows (pp. 20-30),—being <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unsupported +by one single instance or illustration</span></em>,—we pass by. It ignores +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page252">[pg 252]</span><a name="Pg252" id="Pg252" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +throughout the fact, that the most serious corruptions of +MSS. are due, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> to <span class="tei tei-q">“Scribes”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Copyists,”</span> (of whom, by +the way, we find perpetual mention every time we open the +page;) but to the persons who employed them. So far from +thinking with Dr. Hort that <span class="tei tei-q">“the value of the evidence +obtained from Transcriptional Probability is incontestable,”</span>—for +that, <span class="tei tei-q">“without its aid, Textual Criticism could rarely +obtain a high degree of security,”</span> (p. 24,)—we venture to +declare that inasmuch as one expert's notions of what is +<span class="tei tei-q">“transcriptionally probable”</span> prove to be the diametrical +reverse of another expert's notions, the supposed evidence +to be derived from this source may, with advantage, be +neglected altogether. Let the study of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Documentary Evidence</span></em> +be allowed to take its place. Notions of <span class="tei tei-q">“Probability”</span> are +the very pest of those departments of Science which admit +of an appeal to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Fact</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VI. A signal proof of the justice of our last remark is +furnished by the plea which is straightway put in (pp. 30-1) +for the superior necessity of attending to <span class="tei tei-q">“the relative antecedent +credibility of Witnesses.”</span> In other words, <span class="tei tei-q">“The comparative +trustworthiness of documentary Authorities”</span> is +proposed as a far weightier consideration than <span class="tei tei-q">“Intrinsic”</span> +and <span class="tei tei-q">“Transcriptional Probability.”</span> Accordingly we are +assured (in capital letters) that <span class="tei tei-q">“Knowledge of Documents +should precede final judgment upon readings”</span> (p. 31). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Knowledge”</span>! Yes, but how acquired? Suppose two +rival documents,—cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. May we be informed +how you would proceed with respect to them? +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Where one of the documents is found habitually to contain +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">morally certain, or at least strongly preferred, Readings</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,—and the +other habitually to contain their rejected rivals,—we [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Dr. +Hort</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">] can have no doubt that the Text of the first has been +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page253">[pg 253]</span><a name="Pg253" id="Pg253" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +transmitted in comparative purity; and that the Text of the +second has suffered comparatively large corruption.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 32.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But can such words have been written seriously? Is +it gravely pretended that Readings become <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">morally certain</span></em>,”</span> +because they are <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">strongly preferred</span></em>”</span>? Are we (in other +words) seriously invited to admit that the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">strong preference</span></span>”</span> +of <span class="tei tei-q">“the individual mind”</span> is to be the ultimate +standard of appeal? If so, though <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> (Dr. Hort) may +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have no doubt</span></em>”</span> as to which is the purer manuscript,—see +you not plainly that a man of different <span class="tei tei-q">“idiosyncrasy”</span> from +yourself, may just as reasonably claim to <span class="tei tei-q">“have no doubt”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that +you are mistaken</span></em>?... One is reminded of a passage +in p. 61: viz.— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">If we find in any group of documents a succession of +Readings exhibiting an exceptional purity of text, that is,—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Readings +which the fullest consideration of Internal Evidence +pronounces to be right, in opposition to formidable arrays of +Documentary Evidence</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">; the cause must be that, as far at least as +these Readings are concerned, some one exceptionally pure MS. +was the common ancestor of all the members of the group.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But how does <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> appear? <span class="tei tei-q">“The cause”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the erroneous +judgment of the Critic</span></em>,—may it not?... Dr. Hort is +for setting up what his own inner consciousness <span class="tei tei-q">“pronounces +to be right,”</span> against <span class="tei tei-q">“Documentary Evidence,”</span> however multitudinous. +He claims that his own verifying faculty shall be +supreme,—shall settle every question. Can he be in earnest? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VII. We are next introduced to the subject of <span class="tei tei-q">“Genealogical +Evidence”</span> (p. 39); and are made attentive: for we +speedily find ourselves challenged to admit that a <span class="tei tei-q">“total +change in the bearing of the evidence”</span> is <span class="tei tei-q">“made by the introduction +of the factor of Genealogy”</span> (p. 43). Presuming +that the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">meaning</span></em> of the learned Writer must rather be that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if we did but know</span></em> the genealogy of MSS., we should be in a +position to reason more confidently concerning their Texts,—we +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page254">[pg 254]</span><a name="Pg254" id="Pg254" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +read on: and speedily come to a second axiom (which is +again printed in capital letters), viz. that <span class="tei tei-q">“All trustworthy +restoration of corrupted Texts is founded on the study of +their History”</span> (p. 40). We really read and wonder. Are +we then engaged in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the </span><span class="tei tei-q">“restoration of corrupted Texts”</span></em>? If +so,—which be they? We require—(1) To be shown the +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">corrupted Texts</span></em>”</span> referred to: and then—(2) To be convinced +that <span class="tei tei-q">“the study of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their History</span></em>”</span>—(as distinguished from an +examination of the evidence for or against <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their Readings</span></em>)—is +a thing feasible. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">A simple instance</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (says Dr. Hort) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">will show at once the +practical bearing</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> of </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">the principle here laid down.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 40.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But (as usual) Dr. Hort produces <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> instance. He merely +proceeds to <span class="tei tei-q">“suppose”</span> a case (§ 50), which he confesses (§ 53) +does not exist. So that we are moving in a land of shadows. +And this, he straightway follows up by the assertion that +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">it would be difficult to insist too strongly on the transformation +of the superficial aspects of numerical authority effected by +recognition of Genealogy.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 43.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Presently, he assures us that +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">a few documents are not, by reason of their mere paucity, +appreciably less likely to be right than a multitude opposed to +them.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (p. 45.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On this head, we take leave to entertain a somewhat +different opinion. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Apart from the character of the Witnesses</span></em>, +when 5 men say one thing, and 995 say the exact contradictory, +we are apt to regard it even as axiomatic that, <span class="tei tei-q">“by +reason of their mere paucity,”</span> the few <span class="tei tei-q">“are appreciably far +less likely to be right than the multitude opposed to them.”</span> +Dr. Hort seems to share our opinion; for he remarks,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">A presumption indeed remains that a majority of extant +documents is more likely to represent a majority of ancestral +documents, than </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">vice versâ</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page255">[pg 255]</span><a name="Pg255" id="Pg255" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Exactly so! We meant, and we mean <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, and no other +thing. But then, we venture to point out, that the learned +Professor considerably understates the case: seeing that the +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">vice versâ presumption</span></em>”</span> is absolutely non-existent. On the +other hand, apart from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Proof to the contrary</span></em>, we are disposed +to maintain that <span class="tei tei-q">“a majority of extant documents”</span> in the +proportion of 995 to 5,—and sometimes of 1999 to 1,—creates +more than <span class="tei tei-q">“a presumption.”</span> It amounts to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Proof of </span><span class="tei tei-q">“a +majority of ancestral documents”</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Not so thinks Dr. Hort. <span class="tei tei-q">“This presumption,”</span> (he seems to +have persuaded himself,) may be disposed of by his mere +assertion that it <span class="tei tei-q">“is too minute to weigh against the smallest +tangible evidence of other kinds”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>). As usual, however, +he furnishes us with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no evidence at all</span></em>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“tangible”</span> or +<span class="tei tei-q">“intangible.”</span> Can he wonder if we smile at his unsupported +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">dictum</span></span>, and pass on?... The argumentative import of his +twenty weary pages on <span class="tei tei-q">“Genealogical Evidence”</span> (pp. 39-59), +appears to be resolvable into the following barren truism: +viz. That if, out of 10 copies of Scripture, 9 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">could be proved</span></em> +to have been executed from one and the same common +original (p. 41), those 9 would cease to be regarded as 9 +independent witnesses. But does the learned Critic really +require to be told that we want no diagram of an imaginary +case (p. 54) to convince us of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The one thing here which moves our astonishment, is, that +Dr. Hort does not seem to reflect that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> (indeed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by +his own showing</span></em>) codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, having been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrably</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“executed from one and the same common original,”</span> are not +to be reckoned as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> independent witnesses to the Text of +the New Testament, but as little more than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em>. (See p. 257.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +High time however is it to declare that, in strictness, +all this talk about <span class="tei tei-q">“Genealogical evidence,”</span> when applied to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page256">[pg 256]</span><a name="Pg256" id="Pg256" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Manuscripts, is—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">moonshine</span></em>. The expression is metaphorical, +and assumes that it has fared with MSS. as it fares with the +successive generations of a family; and so, to a remarkable +extent, no doubt, it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has</span></em>. But then, it happens, unfortunately, +that we are unacquainted with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single instance</span></em> of a known +MS. copied from another known MS. And perforce all talk +about <span class="tei tei-q">“Genealogical evidence,”</span> where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no single step in the +descent</span></em> can be produced,—in other words, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">where no Genealogical +evidence exists</span></em>,—is absurd. The living inhabitants +of a village, congregated in the churchyard where the +bodies of their forgotten progenitors for 1000 years repose +without memorials of any kind,—is a faint image of the +relation which subsists between extant copies of the Gospels +and the sources from which they were derived. That, in +either case, there has been repeated mixture, is undeniable; +but since the Parish-register is lost, and not a vestige of +Tradition survives, it is idle to pretend to argue on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> part +of the subject. It may be reasonably assumed however +that those 50 yeomen, bearing as many Saxon surnames, +indicate as many remote <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ancestors</span></em> of some sort. That they +represent as many <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">families</span></em>, is at least a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em>. Further we +cannot go. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the illustration is misleading, because inadequate. +Assemble rather an Englishman, an Irishman, a Scot; a +Frenchman, a German, a Spaniard; a Russian, a Pole, an +Hungarian; an Italian, a Greek, a Turk. From Noah these +12 are all confessedly descended; but if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> are silent, and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> know nothing whatever about their antecedents,—your +remarks about their respective <span class="tei tei-q">“genealogies”</span> must needs +prove as barren—as Dr. Hort's about the <span class="tei tei-q">“genealogies”</span> of +copies of Scripture. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The factor of Genealogy</span></em>,”</span> in short, in +this discussion, represents a mere phantom of the brain: is +the name of an imagination—not of a fact. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page257">[pg 257]</span><a name="Pg257" id="Pg257" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The nearest approximation to the phenomenon about which +Dr. Hort writes so glibly, is supplied—(1) by Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> +of S. Paul, which are found to be independent transcripts of +the same venerable lost original:—(2) by Codd. 13, 69, 124 +and 346, which were confessedly derived from one and the +same queer archetype: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and especially</span></em>—(3) by Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א. +These two famous manuscripts, because they are disfigured +exclusively by the self-same mistakes, are convicted of being +descended (and not very remotely) from the self-same very +corrupt original. By consequence, the combined evidence +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> is but that of a single codex. Evan. 13, 69, 124, +346, when they agree, would be conveniently designated by +a symbol, or a single capital letter. Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, as already +hinted (p. <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref">255</a>), are not to be reckoned as two witnesses. +Certainly, they have not nearly the Textual significancy and +importance of B in conjunction with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, or of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> in conjunction +with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>. At best, they do but equal 1-½ copies. Nothing of +this kind however is what Drs. Westcott and Hort intend +to convey,—or indeed seem to understand. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +VIII. It is not until we reach p. 94, that these learned men +favour us with a single actual appeal to Scripture. At p. 90, +Dr. Hort,—who has hitherto been skirmishing over the +ground, and leaving us to wonder what in the world it can +be that he is driving at,—announces a chapter on the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Results of Genealogical evidence proper;”</span> and proposes to +<span class="tei tei-q">“determine the Genealogical relations of the chief ancient +Texts.”</span> Impatient for argument, (at page 92,) we read as +follows:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fundamental Text of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">late extant Greek MSS.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> generally +is </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">beyond all question identical</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> with the dominant Antiochian +or Græco-Syrian Text of the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">second half of the fourth century</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We request, in passing, that the foregoing statement may +be carefully noted. The Traditional Greek Text of the New +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page258">[pg 258]</span><a name="Pg258" id="Pg258" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Testament,—the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Textus Receptus</span></span>, in short,—is, according to +Dr. Hort, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">beyond all question</span></span>”</span> the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Text of the second +half of the fourth century</span></span>.”</span> We shall gratefully avail +ourselves of his candid admission, by and by. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Having thus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">assumed</span></em> a <span class="tei tei-q">“dominant Antiochian or Græco-Syrian +text of the second half of the IVth century,”</span> Dr. H. +attempts, by an analysis of what he is pleased to call <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conflate</span></em> +Readings,”</span> to prove the <span class="tei tei-q">“posteriority of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Syrian’</span> to +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Western’</span> and other <span class="tei tei-q">‘Neutral’</span> readings.”</span>... Strange +method of procedure! seeing that, of those second and third +classes of readings, we have not as yet so much as heard +the names. Let us however without more delay be shown +those specimens of <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> which, in Dr. Hort's judgment, +supply <span class="tei tei-q">“the clearest evidence”</span> (p. 94) that <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> +are posterior alike to <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> and to <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral readings.”</span> +Of these, after 30 years of laborious research, Dr. Westcott +and he flatter themselves that they have succeeded in detecting +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +IX. Now because, on the one hand, it would be unreasonable +to fill up the space at our disposal with details which +none but professed students will care to read;—and because, +on the other, we cannot afford to pass by anything in these +pages which pretends to be of the nature of proof;—we have +consigned our account of Dr. Hort's 8 instances of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conflation</span></em> +(which prove to be less than 7) to the foot of the page.<a id="noteref_717" name="noteref_717" href="#note_717"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">717</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page259">[pg 259]</span><a name="Pg259" id="Pg259" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And, after an attentive survey of the Textual phenomena +connected with these 7 specimens, we are constrained to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page260">[pg 260]</span><a name="Pg260" id="Pg260" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +assert that the interpretation put upon them by Drs. Westcott +and Hort, is purely arbitrary: a baseless imagination,—a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page261">[pg 261]</span><a name="Pg261" id="Pg261" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +dream and nothing more. Something has been attempted +analogous to the familiar fallacy, in Divinity, of building a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page262">[pg 262]</span><a name="Pg262" id="Pg262" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +false and hitherto unheard-of doctrine on a few isolated +places of Scripture, divorced from their context. The actual +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em> of the case shall be submitted to the judgement of +learned and unlearned Readers alike: and we promise +beforehand to abide by the unprejudiced verdict of either:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) S. Mark's Gospel is found to contain in all 11,646 +words: of which (collated with the Traditional Text) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> omits +138: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 762: א, 870: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, 900.—S. Luke contains 19,941 +words: of which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> omits 208: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 757; א, 816: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, no less +than 1552. (Let us not be told that the traditional Text is +itself not altogether trustworthy. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> is a matter entirely +beside the question just now before the Reader,—as we have +already, over and over again, had occasion to explain.<a id="noteref_718" name="noteref_718" href="#note_718"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">718</span></span></a> Codices +must needs all alike be compared <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with something</span></em>,—must perforce +all alike be referred to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some one common standard</span></em>: and +we, for our part, are content to employ (as every Critic has +been content before us) the traditional Text, as the most convenient +standard that can be named. So employed, (viz. as +a standard of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">comparison</span></em>, not of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">excellence</span></em>,) the commonly +Received Text, more conveniently than any other, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reveals</span></em>—certainly +does not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">occasion</span></em>—different degrees of discrepancy. +And now, to proceed.) +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page263">[pg 263]</span><a name="Pg263" id="Pg263" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Dr. Hort has detected <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four</span></em> instances in S. Mark's +Gospel, only <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three</span></em> in S. Luke's—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seven</span></em> in all—where Codices +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> happen to concur in making an omission <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at the +same place</span></em>, but not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the same words</span></em>. We shall probably +be best understood if we produce an instance of the thing +spoken of: and no fairer example can be imagined than the +last of the eight, of which Dr. Hort says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“This simple instance +needs no explanation”</span> (p. 104). Instead of αἰνοῦντες καὶ +εὐλογοῦντες,—(which is the reading of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known copy</span></em> of +the Gospels <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">except five</span></em>,)—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span> exhibit only εὐλογοῦντες: +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, only αἰνοῦντες. (To speak quite accurately, א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span> omit +αἰνοῦντες καί and are followed by Westcott and Hort: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> +omits καὶ εὐλογοῦντες, and is followed by Tischendorf. +Lachmann declines to follow either. Tregelles doubts.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Now, upon this (and the six other instances, which +however prove to be a vast deal less apt for their purpose +than the present), these learned men have gratuitously built +up the following extravagant and astonishing theory:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) They assume,—(they do not attempt to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prove</span></em>: in fact +they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> prove <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">anything</span></em>:)—(1) That αἰνοῦντες καί—and +καὶ εὐλογοῦντες—are respectively fragments of two independent +Primitive Texts, which they arbitrarily designate as +<span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral,”</span> respectively:—(2) That the latter +of the two, [<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> however because it is vouched for by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +and א,] must needs exhibit what the Evangelist actually +wrote: [though <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> it must, these learned men forget to +explain:]—(3) That in the middle of the IIIrd and of the +IVth century the two Texts referred to were with design +and by authority welded together, and became (what the +same irresponsible Critics are pleased to call) the <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian +text.”</span>—(4) That αἰνοῦντες καὶ εὐλογοῦντες, being thus shown [?] +to be <span class="tei tei-q">“a Syrian <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conflation</span></em>,”</span> may be rejected at once. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, +p. 73.) +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page264">[pg 264]</span><a name="Pg264" id="Pg264" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +X. But we demur to this weak imagination, (which only +by courtesy can be called <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a Theory</span></em>,”</span>) on every ground, and +are constrained to remonstrate with our would-be Guides at +every step. They assume everything. They prove nothing. +And the facts of the case lend them no favour at all. +For first,—We only find εὐλογοῦντες standing alone, in two +documents of the IVth century, in two of the Vth, and in +one of the VIIIth: while, for αἰνοῦντες standing alone, the +only Greek voucher producible is a notoriously corrupt copy +of the VIth century. True, that here a few copies of the +old Latin side with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>: but then a few copies <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></em> side with +the traditional Text: and Jerome is found to have adjudicated +between their rival claims <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in favour of the latter</span></em>. The +probabilities of the case are in fact simply overwhelming; +for, since <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> omits 1552 words out of 19,941 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> about one +word in 13), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> may not καὶ εὐλογοῦντες <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">be two of the words +it omits</span></em>,—in which case there has been no <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Nay, look into the matter a little more closely:—(for surely, +before we put up with this queer illusion, it is our duty to +look it very steadily in the face:)—and note, that in this +last chapter of S. Luke's Gospel, which consists of 837 +words, no less than 121 are omitted by cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. To state the +case differently,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is observed to leave out <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one word in seven</span></em> +in the very chapter of S. Luke which supplies the instance of +<span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> under review. What possible significance therefore +can be supposed to attach to its omission of the clause +καὶ εὐλογοῦντες? And since, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">mutatis mutandis</span></span>, the same remarks +apply to the 6 remaining cases,—(for one, viz. the [7th], +is clearly an oversight,)—will any Reader of ordinary fairness +and intelligence be surprised to hear that we reject the +assumed <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> unconditionally, as a silly dream? +It is founded entirely upon the omission of 21 (or at most +42) words out of a total of 31,587 from Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. And +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page265">[pg 265]</span><a name="Pg265" id="Pg265" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +yet it is demonstrable that out of that total, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> omits 1519: +א, 1686: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, 2452. The occasional <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coincidence in Omission</span></em> of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> + א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, was in a manner inevitable, and is undeserving +of notice. If,—(which is as likely as not,)—on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six</span></em> occasions, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> + א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> have but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted different words in the same +sentence</span></em>, then <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there has been no </span><span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span></em>; and the (so-called) +<span class="tei tei-q">“Theory,”</span> which was to have revolutionized the Text of the +N. T., is discovered to rest absolutely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upon nothing</span></em>. It +bursts, like a very thin bubble: floats away like a film of +gossamer, and disappears from sight. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But further, as a matter of fact, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least five</span></em> out of the +eight instances cited,—viz. the [1st], [2nd], [5th], [6th], [7th],—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fail +to exhibit the alleged phenomena</span></em>: conspicuously ought +never to have been adduced. For, in the [1st], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> merely +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">abridges</span></em> the sentence: in the [2nd], it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">paraphrases</span></em> 11 words +by 11; and in the [6th], it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">paraphrases</span></em> 12 words by 9. In the +[5th], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> merely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">abridge</span></em>. The utmost <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">residuum</span></em> of fact which +survives, is therefore as follows:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">[3rd]. In a sentence of 11 words, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א omit 4: <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> other 4.</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">[4th]. " " 9 words, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א omit 5: <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> other 5.</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">[8th]. " " 5 words, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א omit 2: <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> other 2.</div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> be <span class="tei tei-q">“the clearest Evidence”</span> (p. 94) producible +for <span class="tei tei-q">“the Theory of Conflation,”</span>—then, the less said about the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Theory,”</span> the better for the credit of its distinguished Inventors. +How <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> rational Textual Theory is to be constructed +out of the foregoing Omissions, we fail to divine. But indeed +the whole matter is demonstrably a weak imagination,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +dream</span></em>, and nothing more. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XI. In the meantime, Drs. Westcott and Hort, instead of +realizing the insecurity of the ground under their feet, proceed +gravely to build upon it, and to treat their hypothetical +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page266">[pg 266]</span><a name="Pg266" id="Pg266" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +assumptions as well-ascertained facts. They imagine that they +have already been led by <span class="tei tei-q">“independent Evidence”</span> to regard +<span class="tei tei-q">“the longer readings as conflate each from the two earlier +readings:”</span>—whereas, up to p. 105 (where the statement +occurs), they have really failed to produce a single particle +of evidence, direct or indirect, for their opinion. <span class="tei tei-q">“We have +found reason to believe”</span> the Readings of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span>, (say they,) +<span class="tei tei-q">“to be the original Readings.”</span>—But why, if this is the case, +have they kept their <span class="tei tei-q">“finding”</span> so entirely to themselves?—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">No +reason whatever</span></em> have they assigned for their belief. The +Reader is presently assured (p. 106) that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it is certain</span></em>”</span> that +the Readings exhibited by the traditional Text in the eight +supposed cases of <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> are all posterior in date to +the fragmentary readings exhibited by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. But, once +more, What is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the ground</span></em> of this <span class="tei tei-q">“certainty”</span>?—Presently (viz. +in p. 107), the Reader meets with the further assurance that +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the proved</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> actual use of [shorter] documents in the conflate +Readings renders their use elsewhere a </span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">vera causa</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> in the Newtonian +sense.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, once more,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Where</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> is the <span class="tei tei-q">“proof”</span> referred +to? May a plain man, sincerely in search of Truth,—after +wasting many precious hours over these barren pages—be +permitted to declare that he resents such solemn trifling? +(He craves to be forgiven if he avows that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Pickwickian</span></em>”</span>—not +<span class="tei tei-q">“Newtonian”</span>—was the epithet which solicited him, +when he had to transcribe for the Printer the passage which +immediately precedes.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XII. Next come 8 pages (pp. 107-15) headed—<span class="tei tei-q">“Posteriority +of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Syrian’</span> to <span class="tei tei-q">‘Western’</span> and other (neutral and <span class="tei tei-q">‘Alexandrian’</span>) +Readings, shown by Ante-Nicene Patristic evidence.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In which however we are really <span class="tei tei-q">“shown”</span> nothing of the +sort. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Bold Assertions</span></em> abound, (as usual with this respected +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page267">[pg 267]</span><a name="Pg267" id="Pg267" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +writer,) but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Proof</span></em> he never attempts any. Not a particle of +<span class="tei tei-q">“Evidence”</span> is adduced.—Next come 5 pages headed,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Posteriority +of Syrian to Western, Alexandrian, and other +(neutral) Readings, shown by Internal evidence of Syrian +readings”</span> (p. 115). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But again we are <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shown</span></em>”</span> absolutely nothing: although +we are treated to the assurance that we have been shown +many wonders. Thus, <span class="tei tei-q">“the Syrian conflate Readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have +shown</span></em> the Syrian text to be posterior to at least two ancient +forms still extant”</span> (p. 115): which is the very thing they +have signally failed to do. Next, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Patristic evidence </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">has shown</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> that these two ancient Texts, +and also a third, must have already existed early in the third +century, and suggested very strong grounds for believing that +in the middle of the century the Syrian Text had not yet been +formed.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Whereas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no single appeal</span></em> has been made to the evidence +supplied by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single ancient Father</span></em>!— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Another step is gained by a close examination of all Readings +distinctively Syrian.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet we are never told which the <span class="tei tei-q">“Readings distinctively +Syrian”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em>,—although they are henceforth referred to in +every page. Neither are we instructed how to recognize +them when we see them; which is unfortunate, since <span class="tei tei-q">“it +follows,”</span>—(though we entirely fail to see from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em>,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“that +all distinctively Syrian Readings may be set aside at once as +certainly originating after the middle of the third century.”</span> +(p. 117) ... Let us hear a little more on the subject:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The same </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Facts</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(though Dr. Hort has not hitherto favoured +us with </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">any</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">)—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">lead to another conclusion of equal or even +greater importance respecting non-distinctive Syrian Readings +... Since the Syrian Text is only a modified eclectic combination +of earlier Texts independently attested,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">— +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(for it is in this confident style that these eminent Scholars +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page268">[pg 268]</span><a name="Pg268" id="Pg268" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +handle the problem they undertook to solve, but as yet +have failed even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to touch</span></em>),— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">existing documents descended from it can attest nothing but +itself.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 118.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Presently, we are informed that <span class="tei tei-q">“it follows from what has +been said above,”</span>—(though <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how</span></em> it follows, we fail to see,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“that +all Readings in which the Pre-Syrian texts concur, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must +be accepted at once as the Apostolic Readings</span></em>:”</span> and that <span class="tei tei-q">“all +distinctively Syrian Readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must be at once rejected</span></em>.”</span>—(p. +119.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Trenchant decrees of this kind at last arrest attention. +It becomes apparent that we have to do with a Writer who +has discovered a summary way of dealing with the Text of +Scripture, and who is prepared to impart his secret to any +who care to accept—without questioning—his views. We +look back to see where this accession of confidence began, +and are reminded that at p. 108 Dr. Hort announced that for +convenience he should henceforth speak of certain <span class="tei tei-q">“groups of +documents,”</span> by the conventional names <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Alexandrian”</span>—and +so forth. Accordingly, ever +since, (sometimes eight or ten times in the course of a single +page,<a id="noteref_719" name="noteref_719" href="#note_719"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">719</span></span></a>) we have encountered this arbitrary terminology: have +been required to accept it as the expression of ascertained +facts in Textual Science. Not till we find ourselves floundering +in the deep mire, do we become fully aware of the +absurdity of our position. Then at last, (and high time too!), +we insist on knowing what on earth our Guide is about, +and whither he is proposing to lead us?... More considerate +to our Readers than he has been to us, we propose +before going any further, (instead of mystifying the subject +as Dr. Hort has done,) to state in a few plain words what +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page269">[pg 269]</span><a name="Pg269" id="Pg269" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the present Theory, divested of pedantry and circumlocution, +proves to be; and what is Dr. Hort's actual contention. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XIII. The one great Fact, which especially troubles him +and his joint Editor,<a id="noteref_720" name="noteref_720" href="#note_720"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">720</span></span></a>—(as well it may)—is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The Traditional +Greek Text</span></em> of the New Testament Scriptures. Call this Text +Erasmian or Complutensian,—the Text of Stephens, or of +Beza, or of the Elzevirs,—call it the <span class="tei tei-q">“Received,”</span> or the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Traditional Greek Text</span></em>, or whatever other name you please;—the +fact remains, that a Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has</span></em> come down to us which +is attested by a general consensus of ancient Copies, ancient +Fathers, ancient Versions. This, at all events, is a point on +which, (happily,) there exists entire conformity of opinion +between Dr. Hort and ourselves. Our Readers cannot have +yet forgotten his virtual admission that,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Beyond all question +the Textus Receptus</span></em> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the dominant Græco-Syrian Text of</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400.<a id="noteref_721" name="noteref_721" href="#note_721"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">721</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Obtained from a variety of sources, this Text proves to be +essentially <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the same</span></em> in all. That it requires Revision in +respect of many of its lesser details, is undeniable: but it is +at least as certain that it is an excellent Text as it stands, and +that the use of it will never lead critical students of Scripture +seriously astray,—which is what no one will venture to predicate +concerning any single Critical Edition of the N. T. which +has been published since the days of Griesbach, by the +disciples of Griesbach's school. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XIV. In marked contrast to the Text we speak of,—(which +is identical with the Text of every extant Lectionary of the +Greek Church, and may therefore reasonably claim to be +spoken of as the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Traditional</span></em> Text,)—is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> contained in a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page270">[pg 270]</span><a name="Pg270" id="Pg270" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +little handful of documents of which the most famous are +codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, and the Coptic Version (as far as it is known), on +the one hand,—cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and the old Latin copies, on the other. +To magnify the merits of these, as helps and guides, and +to ignore their many patent and scandalous defects and +blemishes:—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">per fas et nefas</span></span> to vindicate their paramount +authority wherever it is in any way possible to do so; and +when <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> is clearly impossible, then to treat their errors as +the ancient Egyptians treated their cats, dogs, monkeys, and +other vermin,—namely, to embalm them, and pay them +Divine honours:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such</span></em> for the last 50 years has been the +practice of the dominant school of Textual Criticism among +ourselves. The natural and even necessary correlative of +this, has been the disparagement of the merits of the commonly +Received Text: which has come to be spoken of, (we +know not why,) as contemptuously, almost as bitterly, as if +it had been at last ascertained to be untrustworthy in every +respect: a thing undeserving alike of a place and of a name +among the monuments of the Past. Even to have <span class="tei tei-q">“used the +Received Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as a basis for correction</span></em>”</span> (p. 184) is stigmatized +by Dr. Hort as one <span class="tei tei-q">“great cause”</span> why Griesbach went astray. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XV. Drs. Westcott and Hort have in fact outstripped their +predecessors in this singular race. Their absolute contempt for +the Traditional Text,—their superstitious veneration for a few +ancient documents; (which documents however they freely +confess <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are not more ancient</span></em> than the <span class="tei tei-q">“Traditional Text”</span> which +they despise;)—knows no bounds. But the thing just now to +be attended to is the argumentative process whereby they +seek to justify their preference.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lachmann</span></span> avowedly took +his stand on a very few of the oldest known documents: and +though <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Tregelles</span></span> slightly enlarged the area of his predecessor's +observations, his method was practically identical +with that of Lachmann.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Tischendorf</span></span>, appealing to every +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page271">[pg 271]</span><a name="Pg271" id="Pg271" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +known authority, invariably shows himself regardless of the +evidence he has himself accumulated. Where certain of the +uncials are,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em> his verdict is sure also to be.... Anything +more unscientific, more unphilosophical, more transparently +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">foolish</span></em> than such a method, can scarcely be conceived: +but it has prevailed for 50 years, and is now at last +more hotly than ever advocated by Drs. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Westcott</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Hort</span></span>. +Only, (to their credit be it recorded,) they have had the sense +to perceive that it must needs be recommended by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Arguments</span></em> +of some sort, or else it will inevitably fall to pieces the +first fine day any one is found to charge it, with the necessary +knowledge of the subject, and with sufficient resoluteness +of purpose, to make him a formidable foe. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XVI. Their expedient has been as follows.—Aware that +the Received or Traditional Greek Text (to quote their own +words,) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is virtually identical with that used by Chrysostom and +other Antiochian Fathers in the latter part of the IVth century</span></em>:”</span> +and fully alive to the fact that it <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must therefore have +been represented by Manuscripts as old as any which are +now surviving</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, p. 547),—they have invented an extraordinary +Hypothesis in order to account for its existence:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +They assume that the writings of Origen <span class="tei tei-q">“establish the prior +existence of at least three types of Text:”</span>—the most clearly +marked of which, they call the <span class="tei tei-q">“Western:”</span>—another, less +prominent, they designate as <span class="tei tei-q">“Alexandrian:”</span>—the third holds +(they say) a middle or <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral”</span> position. (That all this is +mere <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">moonshine</span></em>,—a day-dream and no more,—we shall insist, +until some proofs have been produced that the respected +Authors are moving amid material forms,—not discoursing +with the creations of their own brain.) <span class="tei tei-q">“The priority of two +at least of these three Texts just noticed to the Syrian Text,”</span> +they are confident has been established by the eight <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conflate</span></em>”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page272">[pg 272]</span><a name="Pg272" id="Pg272" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Syrian Readings which they flatter themselves they have +already resolved into their <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral”</span> elements +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, p. 547). This, however, is a part of the subject on +which we venture to hope that our Readers by this time have +formed a tolerably clear opinion for themselves. The ground +has been cleared of the flimsy superstructure which these +Critics have been 30 years in raising, ever since we blew +away (pp. <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref">258-65</a>) the airy foundation on which it rested. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +At the end of some confident yet singularly hazy statements +concerning the characteristics of <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> (pp. 120-6), of +<span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral”</span> (126-30), and of <span class="tei tei-q">“Alexandrian”</span> Readings (130-2), +Dr. Hort favours us with the assurance that— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The Syrian Text, to which the order of time now brings us,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">is the chief monument of a new period of textual history.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +132.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Now, the three great lines were brought together, and made +to contribute to the formation of a new Text different from +all.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 133.) +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let it only be carefully remembered that it is of something +virtually identical with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> that we are just +now reading an imaginary history, and it is presumed that +the most careless will be made attentive. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The Syrian Text must in fact be the result of a </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Recension</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +... performed deliberately by Editors, and not merely by +Scribes.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“must”</span> it? Instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must in fact</span></em>,”</span> we are +disposed to read <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may—in fiction</span></em>.”</span> The learned Critic can +but mean that, on comparing the Text of Fathers of the IVth +century with the Text of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, it becomes to himself self-evident +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one of the two</span></em> has been fabricated. Granted. +Then,—Why should not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the solitary Codex</span></em> be the offending +party? For what imaginable reason should cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—which +comes to us without a character, and which, when tried by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page273">[pg 273]</span><a name="Pg273" id="Pg273" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the test of primitive Antiquity, stands convicted of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">universa +vitiositas</span></span>,”</span> (to use Tischendorf's expression);—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> (we ask) +should <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> be upheld <span class="tei tei-q">“contra mundum”</span>?... Dr. Hort +proceeds—(still speaking of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> [imaginary] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian Text</span></em>”</span>),— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It was probably initiated by the distracting and inconvenient +currency of at least three conflicting Texts in the same +region.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 133.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Well but,—Would it not have been more methodical if +<span class="tei tei-q">“the currency of at least three conflicting Texts in the same +region,”</span> had been first <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrated</span></em>? or, at least, shown +to be a thing probable? Till this <span class="tei tei-q">“distracting”</span> phenomenon +has been to some extent proved to have any existence in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em>, +what possible <span class="tei tei-q">“probability”</span> can be claimed for the history of +a <span class="tei tei-q">“Recension,”</span>—which very Recension, up to this point, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has not +been proved to have ever taken place at all</span></em>? +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Each Text may perhaps have found a Patron in some leading +personage or see, and thus have seemed to call for a conciliation +of rival claims.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 134.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Why yes, to be sure,—<span class="tei tei-q">“each Text [<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if it existed</span></em>] may perhaps +[<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or perhaps may not</span></em>] have found a Patron in some leading +personage [as Dr. Hort or Dr. Scrivener in our own days]:”</span> +but then, be it remembered, this will only have been possible,—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) +If the Recension <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ever took place</span></em>: and—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) If it was +conducted after the extraordinary fashion which prevailed in +the Jerusalem Chamber from 1870 to 1881: for which we +have the unimpeachable testimony of an eye-witness;<a id="noteref_722" name="noteref_722" href="#note_722"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">722</span></span></a> confirmed +by the Chairman of the Revisionist body,—by whom +in fact it was deliberately invented.<a id="noteref_723" name="noteref_723" href="#note_723"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">723</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But then, since not a shadow of proof is forthcoming +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any such Recension as Dr. Hort imagines ever took +place at all</span></em>,—what else but a purely gratuitous exercise of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page274">[pg 274]</span><a name="Pg274" id="Pg274" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the imaginative faculty is it, that Dr. Hort should proceed +further to invent the method which might, or could, or would, +or should have been pursued, if it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had</span></em> taken place? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Having however in this way (1) Assumed a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Recension,”</span>—(2) +Invented the cause of it,—and (3) Dreamed the +process by which it was carried into execution,—the Critic +hastens, <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">more suo</span></span>, to characterize <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the historical result</span></em> in the +following terms:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The qualities which </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">the Authors of the Syrian text</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> seem +to have most desired to impress on it are lucidity and completeness. +They were evidently anxious to remove all +stumbling-blocks out of the way of the ordinary reader, so +far as this could be done without recourse to violent measures. +They were apparently equally desirous that he should have the +benefit of instructive matter contained in all the existing Texts, +provided it did not confuse the context or introduce seeming +contradictions. New Omissions accordingly are rare, and where +they occur are usually found to contribute to apparent simplicity. +New Interpolations, on the other hand, are abundant, +most of them being due to harmonistic or other assimilation, +fortunately capricious and incomplete. Both in matter and in +diction </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">the Syrian Text</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> is conspicuously a full Text. It delights +in Pronouns, Conjunctions, and Expletives and supplied links +of all kinds, as well as in more considerable Additions. As +distinguished from the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">bold vigour</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Western</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> scribes, +and </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the refined scholarship</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Alexandrians,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> the spirit of its +own corrections is at once sensible and feeble. Entirely blameless, +on either literary or religious grounds, as regards vulgarized +or unworthy diction, yet </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">shewing no marks of either Critical or +Spiritual insight, it presents the New Testament in a form smooth and +attractive, but appreciably impoverished in sense and force; more +fitted for cursory perusal or recitation than for repeated and diligent +study</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(pp. 134-5.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XVII. We forbear to offer any remarks on this. We +should be thought uncivil were we to declare our own candid +estimate of <span class="tei tei-q">“the critical and spiritual”</span> perception of the man +who could permit himself so to write. We prefer to proceed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page275">[pg 275]</span><a name="Pg275" id="Pg275" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +with our sketch of the Theory, (of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Dream</span></em> rather,) which +is intended to account for the existence of the Traditional +Text of the N. T.: only venturing again to submit that surely +it would have been high time to discuss the characteristics +which <span class="tei tei-q">“the Authors of the Syrian Text”</span> impressed upon their +work, when it had been first established—or at least rendered +probable—that the supposed Operators and that the assumed +Operation have any existence except in the fertile brain +of this distinguished and highly imaginative writer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XVIII. Now, the first consideration which strikes us as +fatal to Dr. Hort's unsupported conjecture concerning the +date of the Text he calls <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiochian,”</span> is the fact +that what he so designates bears a most inconvenient resemblance +to the Peschito or ancient Syriac Version; which, like +the old Latin, is (by consent of the Critics) generally assigned +to the second century of our era. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is at any rate no +stretch of imagination,”</span> (according to Bp. Ellicott,) <span class="tei tei-q">“to suppose +that portions of it might have been in the hands of S. John.”</span> +[p. 26.] Accordingly, these Editors assure us that— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">the only way of explaining the whole body of facts is </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">to suppose</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +that the Syriac, like the Latin Version, underwent Revision +long after its origin; and that our ordinary Syriac MSS. +represent not the primitive but the altered Syriac Text.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +136.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">A Revision of the old Syriac Version </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">appears</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> to have taken +place in the IVth century, or sooner; and </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">doubtless in some +connexion with the Syrian Revision of the Greek Text</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, the readings +being to a very great extent coincident.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Text</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, 552.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Till recently, the Peschito has been known only in the +form which it finally received by </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">an evidently authoritative Revision</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a +Syriac </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Vulgate</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic"> answering to the Latin </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Vulgate.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 84.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Historical antecedents render it </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">tolerably certain</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> that the +locality of such an authoritative Revision</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(which Revision +however, be it observed, still rests wholly on unsupported +conjecture)—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">would be either Edessa or Nisibis.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 136.) +</span></p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page276">[pg 276]</span><a name="Pg276" id="Pg276" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, the abominably corrupt document known +as <span class="tei tei-q">“Cureton's Syriac,”</span> is, by another bold hypothesis, assumed +to be the only surviving specimen of the unrevised Version, +and is henceforth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invariably</span></em> designated by these authors as +<span class="tei tei-q">“the old Syriac;”</span> and referred to, as <span class="tei tei-q">“syr. vt.,”</span>—(in imitation +of the Latin <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">vetus</span></span>”</span>): the venerable Peschito being referred +to as the <span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate Syriac,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“syr. vg.”</span> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">When therefore we find large and peculiar coincidences +between the </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">revised Syriac Text</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> and the Text of the Antiochian +Fathers of the latter part of the IVth century,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—[of which +coincidences, (be it remarked in passing,) the obvious explanation +is, that the Texts referred to are faithful traditional +representations of the inspired autographs;]—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">and </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">strong indications</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +that the Revision </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">was deliberate and in some way authoritative</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +in both cases,—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">it becomes natural to suppose</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> that the two +operations had some historical connexion.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(pp. 136-7.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XIX. But how does it happen—(let the question be asked +without offence)—that a man of good abilities, bred in a +University which is supposed to cultivate especially the +Science of exact reasoning, should habitually allow himself +in such slipshod writing as this? The very <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em> of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Revision”</span> +of the Syriac has all to be proved; and until it has +been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrated</span></em>, cannot of course be reasoned upon as a +fact. Instead of demonstration, we find ourselves invited (1)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To +suppose</span></em>”</span> that such a Revision took place: and (2)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To +suppose</span></em>”</span> that all our existing Manuscripts represent it. But +(as we have said) not a shadow of reason is produced why +we should be so complaisant as <span class="tei tei-q">“to suppose”</span> either the one +thing or the other. In the meantime, the accomplished Critic +hastens to assure us that there exist <span class="tei tei-q">“strong indications”</span>—(why +are we not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shown</span></em> them?)—that the Revision he speaks +of was <span class="tei tei-q">“deliberate, and in some way authoritative.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Out of this grows a <span class="tei tei-q">“natural supposition”</span> that <span class="tei tei-q">“two +[purely imaginary] operations,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“had some <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">historical connexion</span></em>.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page277">[pg 277]</span><a name="Pg277" id="Pg277" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Already therefore has the shadow thickened into a +substance. <span class="tei tei-q">“The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised</span></em> Syriac Text”</span> has by this time come +to be spoken of as an admitted fact. The process whereby it +came into being is even assumed to have been <span class="tei tei-q">“deliberate +and authoritative.”</span> These Editors henceforth style the +Peschito the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></em> Vulgate,”</span>—as confidently as Jerome's +Revision of the old Latin is styled the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin</span></em> Vulgate.”</span> They +even assure us that <span class="tei tei-q">“Cureton's Syriac”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“renders the comparatively +late and <span class="tei tei-q">‘revised’</span> character of the Syriac Vulgate <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +matter of certainty</span></em>”</span> (p. 84). The very city in which the +latter underwent Revision, can, it seems, be fixed with +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tolerable certainty</span></em>”</span> (p. 136).... Can Dr. Hort be serious? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +At the end of a series of conjectures, (the foundation of +which is the hypothesis of an Antiochian Recension of the +Greek,) the learned writer announces that—<span class="tei tei-q">“The textual +elements of each principle document <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">having being thus ascertained, +it now becomes possible to determine the Genealogy of +a much larger number of individual readings than before</span></em>”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, p. 552).—We read and marvel. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So then, in brief, the Theory of Drs. Westcott and Hort is +this:—that, somewhere between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">(1) The growing diversity and confusion of Greek Texts led +to an authoritative Revision at Antioch:—which (2) was then +taken as standard for a similar authoritative Revision of the +Syriac text:—and (3) was itself at a later time subjected to a +second authoritative Revision</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—this </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">final process</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> having been +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">apparently completed by [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">] 350 or thereabouts.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 137.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XX. Now, instead of insisting that this entire Theory +is made up of a series of purely gratuitous assumptions,—destitute +alike of attestation and of probability: and that, as +a mere effort of the Imagination, it is entitled to no manner +of consideration or respect at our hands:—instead of dealing +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thus</span></em> with what precedes, we propose to be most kind and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page278">[pg 278]</span><a name="Pg278" id="Pg278" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +accommodating to Dr. Hort. We proceed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to accept his +Theory in its entirety</span></em>. We will, with the Reader's permission, +assume that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> he tells us is historically true: is an +authentic narrative of what actually did take place. We +shall in the end invite the same Reader to recognize the +inevitable consequences of our admission: to which we shall +inexorably pin the learned Editors—bind them hand and +foot;—of course reserving to ourselves the right of disallowing +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for ourselves</span></em> as much of the matter as we please. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Somewhere between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and 350 therefore,—(<span class="tei tei-q">“it is +impossible to say with confidence”</span> [p. 137] what was the +actual date, but these Editors evidently incline to the latter +half of the IIIrd century, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">circa</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 275);—we are to +believe that the Ecclesiastical heads of the four great Patriarchates +of Eastern Christendom,—Alexandria, Antioch, +Jerusalem, Constantinople,—had become so troubled at +witnessing the prevalence of depraved copies of Holy +Scripture in their respective churches, that they resolved by +common consent on achieving an authoritative Revision +which should henceforth become the standard Text of all the +Patriarchates of the East. The same sentiment of distress—(by +the hypothesis) penetrated into Syria proper; and the +Bishops of Edessa or Nisibis, (<span class="tei tei-q">“great centres of life and +culture to the Churches whose language was Syriac,”</span> [p. 136,]) +lent themselves so effectually to the project, that a single +fragmentary document is, at the present day, the only vestige +remaining of the Text which before had been universally +prevalent in the Syriac-speaking Churches of antiquity. <span class="tei tei-q">“The +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">almost total extinction of Old Syriac MSS.</span></em>, contrasted with the +great number of extant <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Vulgate Syriac MSS.</span></em>,”</span>—(for it is thus +that Dr. Hort habitually exhibits evidence!),—is to be attributed, +it seems, to the power and influence of the Authors +of the imaginary Syriac Revision. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>] Bp. Ellicott, by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page279">[pg 279]</span><a name="Pg279" id="Pg279" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the way (an unexceptionable witness), characterizes Cureton's +Syriac as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">singular and sometimes rather wild</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The text, of +a very composite nature</span></em>; sometimes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inclining to the shortness +and simplicity of the Vatican manuscript, but more commonly +presenting the same paraphrastic character of text as the Codex +Bezæ</span></em>.”</span> [p. 42.] (It is, in fact, an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">utterly depraved</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fabricated</span></em> +document.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We venture to remark in passing that Textual matters +must have everywhere reached a very alarming pass indeed +to render intelligible the resort to so extraordinary a step as +a representative Conference of the <span class="tei tei-q">“leading Personages or +Sees”</span> (p. 134) of Eastern Christendom. The inference is at +least inevitable, that men in high place at that time deemed +themselves competent to grapple with the problem. Enough +was familiarly known about the character and the sources of +these corrupt Texts to make it certain that they would be +recognizable when produced; and that, when condemned by +authority, they would no longer be propagated, and in the +end would cease to molest the Church. Thus much, at all +events, is legitimately to be inferred from the hypothesis. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXI. Behold then from every principal Diocese of ancient +Christendom, and in the Church's palmiest days, the most +famous of the ante-Nicene Fathers repair to Antioch. They +go up by authority, and are attended by skilled Ecclesiastics +of the highest theological attainment. Bearers are they +perforce of a vast number of Copies of the Scriptures: and +(by the hypothesis) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the latest possible dates</span></em> of any of these +Copies must range between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and 350. But the +Delegates of so many ancient Sees will have been supremely +careful, before starting on so important and solemn an +errand, to make diligent search for the oldest Copies anywhere +discoverable: and when they reach the scene of their +deliberations, we may be certain that they are able to appeal +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page280">[pg 280]</span><a name="Pg280" id="Pg280" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to not a few codices <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written within a hundred years of the</span></em> +date of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inspired Autographs</span></em> themselves. Copies of the +Scriptures authenticated as having belonged to the most +famous of their predecessors,—and held by them in high +repute for the presumed purity of their Texts—will have been +freely produced: while, in select receptacles, will have been +stowed away—for purposes of comparison and avoidance—specimens +of those dreaded Texts whose existence has been +the sole cause why (by the hypothesis) this extraordinary +concourse of learned Ecclesiastics has taken place. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +After solemnly invoking the Divine blessing, these men +address themselves assiduously to their task; and (by the +hypothesis) they proceed to condemn every codex which +exhibits a <span class="tei tei-q">“strictly Western,”</span> or a <span class="tei tei-q">“strictly Alexandrian,”</span> or a +<span class="tei tei-q">“strictly Neutral”</span> type. In plain English, if codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, א, +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> had been before them, they would have unceremoniously +rejected all three; but then, (by the hypothesis) +neither of the two first-named had yet come into being: +while 200 years at least must roll out before Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> would +see the light. In the meantime, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">immediate ancestors</span></em> of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> will perforce have come under judicial scrutiny; +and, (by the hypothesis,) they will have been scornfully +rejected by the general consent of the Judges. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXII. Pass an interval—(are we to suppose of fifty +years?)—and the work referred to is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">subjected to a second +authoritative Revision</span></em>.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Again</span></em>, therefore, behold the piety +and learning of the four great Patriarchates of the East, +formally represented at Antioch! The Church is now in her +palmiest days. Some of her greatest men belong to the +period of which we are speaking. Eusebius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 308-340) +is in his glory. One whole generation has come and +gone since the last Textual Conference was held, at Antioch. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page281">[pg 281]</span><a name="Pg281" id="Pg281" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Yet is no inclination manifested to reverse the decrees of the +earlier Conference. This second Recension of the Text of +Scripture does but <span class="tei tei-q">“carry out more completely the purposes +of the first;”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“the final process was apparently completed +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350”</span> (p. 137).—So far the Cambridge Professor. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXIII. But the one important fact implied by this +august deliberation concerning the Text of Scripture has +been conveniently passed over by Dr. Hort in profound +silence. We take leave to repair his omission by inviting +the Reader's particular attention to it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We request him to note that, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by the hypothesis</span></em>, there will +have been submitted to the scrutiny of these many ancient +Ecclesiastics <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not a few codices of exactly the same type as +codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א: especially as codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. We are able even +to specify with precision certain features which the codices +in question will have all concurred in exhibiting. Thus,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) From S. Mark's Gospel, those depraved copies will +have omitted <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the last Twelve Verses</span></span> (xvi. 9-20). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) From S. Luke's Gospel the same corrupt copies will +have omitted our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's Agony in the Garden</span></span> (xxii. +43, 44). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) His <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Prayer on behalf of His murderers</span></span> (xxiii. 34), +will have also been away. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Inscription on the Cross</span></span>, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Greek, Latin, and +Hebrew</span></span> (xxiii. 38), will have been partly, misrepresented,—partly, +away. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) And there will have been no account discoverable of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Peter's Visit to the Sepulchre</span></span> (xxiv. 12). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) Absent will have been also the record of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's +Ascension into Heaven</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 51). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) Also, from S. John's Gospel, the codices in question +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page282">[pg 282]</span><a name="Pg282" id="Pg282" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +will have omitted the incident of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the troubling of the +pool of Bethesda</span></span> (v. 3, 4). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, we request that it may be clearly noted that, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">according to Dr. Hort</span></em>, against every copy of the Gospels so +maimed and mutilated, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">against every copy of the Gospels +of the same type as codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א,)—the many illustrious +Bishops who, (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still</span></em> according to Dr. Hort,) assembled at +Antioch, first in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and then in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350,—by common +consent set a mark of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">condemnation</span></em>. We are assured that +those famous men,—those Fathers of the Church,—were +emphatic in their sanction, instead, of codices of the type +of Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>,—in which all these seven omitted passages (and +many hundreds besides) are duly found in their proper +places. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When, therefore, at the end of a thousand and half a +thousand years, Dr. Hort (guided by his inner consciousness, +and depending on an intellectual illumination of which he is +able to give no intelligible account) proposes to reverse the +deliberate sentence of Antiquity,—his position strikes us as +bordering on the ludicrous. Concerning the seven places above +referred to, which the assembled Fathers pronounce to be +genuine Scripture, and declare to be worthy of all acceptation,—Dr. +Hort expresses himself in terms which—could +they have been heard at Antioch—must, it is thought, have +brought down upon his head tokens of displeasure which +might have even proved inconvenient. But let the respected +gentleman by all means be allowed to speak for himself:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The last Twelve Verses</span></span> of S. Mark (he would have +been heard to say) are a <span class="tei tei-q">“very early interpolation.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Its +authorship and precise date must remain unknown.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“It +manifestly cannot claim any Apostolic authority.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“It is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page283">[pg 283]</span><a name="Pg283" id="Pg283" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +doubtless founded on some tradition of the Apostolic age.”</span>—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, +pp. 46 and 51.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The Agony in the Garden</span></span> (he would have told them) +is <span class="tei tei-q">“an early Western interpolation,”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“can only be a +fragment from traditions, written or oral,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“rescued from +oblivion by the scribes of the second century.”</span>—(pp. 66-7.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The Prayer of our Lord for His Murderers</span></span> (Dr. +Hort would have said),—<span class="tei tei-q">“I cannot doubt comes from an +extraneous source.”</span> It is <span class="tei tei-q">“a Western interpolation.”</span>—(p.68.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">To the Inscription on the Cross, in Greek, Latin, +and Hebrew</span></span> [S. Luke xxiii. 38], he would not have allowed +so much as a hearing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) The spuriousness of the narrative of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Peter's Visit +to the Sepulchre</span></span> [S. Luke xxiv. 12] (the same Ante-Nicene +Fathers would have learned) he regards as a <span class="tei tei-q">“moral certainty.”</span> +He would have assured them that it is <span class="tei tei-q">“a Western non-interpolation.”</span>—(p. +71.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) They would have learned that, in the account of the +same Critic, S. Luke xxiv. 51 is another spurious addition to +the inspired Text: another <span class="tei tei-q">“Western non-interpolation.”</span> +Dr. Hort would have tried to persuade them that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">our Lord's +Ascension into Heaven</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was evidently inserted from an +assumption</span></em> that a separation from the disciples at the close +of a Gospel <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must be the Ascension</span></em>,”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, p. 73).... (What +the Ante-Nicene Fathers would have thought of their teacher +we forbear to conjecture.)—(p. 71.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The Troubling of the pool of Bethesda</span></span> [S. John v. +3, 4] is not even allowed a bracketed place in Dr. Hort's +Text. How the accomplished Critic would have set about +persuading the Ante-Nicene Fathers that they were in error +for holding it to be genuine Scripture, it is hard to imagine. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXIV. It is plain therefore that Dr. Hort is in direct +antagonism with the collective mind of Patristic Antiquity. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page284">[pg 284]</span><a name="Pg284" id="Pg284" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em>, when it suits him, he should appeal to the same +Ancients for support,—we fail to understand. <span class="tei tei-q">“If Baal be +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, then follow <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>!”</span> Dr. Hort has his codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and his +codex א to guide him. He informs us (p. 276) that <span class="tei tei-q">“the fullest +consideration does but increase the conviction that the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pre-eminent +relative purity</span></em>”</span> of those two codices <span class="tei tei-q">“is approximately +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">absolute</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a true approximate reproduction of the Text of the +Autographs</span></em>.”</span> On the other hand, he has discovered that +the Received Text is virtually the production of the Fathers +of the Nicene Age (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250-<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350),—exhibits a Text +fabricated throughout by the united efforts of those well-intentioned +but thoroughly misguided men. What is it to +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>, henceforth, how Athanasius, or Didymus, or Cyril exhibits +a place? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Yes, we repeat it,—Dr. Hort is in direct antagonism with +the Fathers of the IIIrd and the IVth Century. His own +fantastic hypothesis of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Text,”</span>—the solemn expression +of the collective wisdom and deliberate judgment +of the Fathers of the Nicene Age (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250-<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350),—is the +best answer which can by possibility be invented to his own +pages,—is, in our account, the one sufficient and conclusive +refutation of his own Text. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Thus, his prolix and perverse discussion of S. Mark xvi. +9-20 (viz. from p. 28 to p. 51 of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>),—which, carefully +analysed, is found merely to amount to <span class="tei tei-q">“Thank you for showing +us our mistake; but we mean to stick to our <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Mumpsimus</span></em>!”</span>:—those +many inferences as well from what the +Fathers do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> say, as from what they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do</span></em>;—are all effectually +disposed of by his own theory of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian text.”</span> A mighty +array of forgotten Bishops, Fathers, Doctors of the Nicene +period, come back and calmly assure the accomplished Professor +that the evidence on which he relies is but an insignificant +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page285">[pg 285]</span><a name="Pg285" id="Pg285" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +fraction of the evidence which was before themselves +when they delivered their judgment. <span class="tei tei-q">“Had you known but +the thousandth part of what we knew familiarly,”</span> say they, +<span class="tei tei-q">“you would have spared yourself this exposure. You seem +to have forgotten that Eusebius was one of the chief persons +in our assembly; that Cyril of Jerusalem and Athanasius, +Basil and Gregory of Nazianzus, as well as his namesake +of Nyssa,—were all living when we held our Textual Conference, +and some of them, though young men, were even +parties to our decree.”</span>... Now, as an <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">argumentum ad +hominem</span></span>, this, be it observed, is decisive and admits of no +rejoinder. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXV. How then about those <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conflations</span></em>”</span> concerning +which a few pages back we heard so much, and for +which Dr. Hort considers the august tribunal of which we +are now speaking to be responsible? He is convinced that +the (so-called) Syrian Text (which he regards as the product +of their deliberations), is <span class="tei tei-q">“an eclectic text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">combining Readings +from the three principal Texts</span></em>”</span> (p. 145): which Readings in +consequence he calls <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conflate</span></em>.”</span> How then is it to be supposed +that these <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflations”</span> arose? The answer is obvious. +As <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflations,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they have no existence</span></em>,—save in the fertile +brain of Dr. Hort. Could the ante-Nicene fathers who +never met at Antioch have been interrogated by him concerning +this matter,—(let the Hibernian supposition be +allowed for argument sake!)—they would perforce have made +answer,—<span class="tei tei-q">“You quite mistake the purpose for which we came +together, learned sir! You are evidently thinking of your +Jerusalem Chamber and of the unheard-of method devised by +your Bishop”</span> [see pp. 37 to 39: also p. 273] <span class="tei tei-q">“for ascertaining +the Truth of Scripture. Well may the resuscitation of so many +forgotten blunders have occupied you and your colleagues +for as long a period as was expended on the Siege of Troy! +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page286">[pg 286]</span><a name="Pg286" id="Pg286" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Our</span></em> business was not to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invent</span></em> readings whether by <span class="tei tei-q">‘Conflation’</span> +or otherwise, but only to distinguish between +spurious Texts and genuine,—families of fabricated MSS., +and those which we knew to be trustworthy,—mutilated and +unmutilated Copies. Every one of what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> are pleased to +call <span class="tei tei-q">‘Conflate Readings,’</span> learned sir, we found—just as you +find them—in 99 out of 100 of our copies: and we gave +them our deliberate approval, and left them standing in the +Text in consequence. We believed them to be,—we are +confident that they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em>,—the very words of the Evangelists +and Apostles of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>: the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ipsissima verba</span></span> of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span>: +<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the true sayings of the</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>.’</span> ”</span> [See p. <a href="#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref">38</a>, note 2.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this however by the way. The essential thing to be +borne in mind is that, according to Dr. Hort,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on two distinct +occasions between</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> 350—the whole Eastern Church, +meeting by representation in her palmiest days, deliberately +put forth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> Traditional Text of the N. T. with which we at +this day are chiefly familiar. That this is indeed his view of +the matter, there can at least be no doubt. He says:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">An authoritative Revision</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> at Antioch ... was itself subjected +to </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a second authoritative Revision</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> carrying out more completely +the purposes of the first.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">At what date between </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> 250 and +350 </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the first process</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> took place, it is impossible to say with confidence.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The final process</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> was apparently completed by </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> 350 +or thereabouts.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 137.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fundamental text of late extant Greek MSS. generally +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is beyond all question</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> identical with the dominant Antiochian or +Græco-Syrian text of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the second half of the IVth century</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 92.) +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Be it so. It follows that the Text exhibited by such +codices as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was deliberately condemned</span></em> by the assembled +piety, learning, and judgment of the four great Patriarchates +of Eastern Christendom. At a period when there existed +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nothing more modern</span></em> than Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א,—nothing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so</span></em> +modern as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>,—all specimens of the former class were +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page287">[pg 287]</span><a name="Pg287" id="Pg287" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rejected</span></em>: while such codices as bore a general resemblance to +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> were by common consent pointed out as deserving of +confidence and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recommended for repeated Transcription</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXVI. Pass <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fifteen hundred</span></em> years, and the Reader is invited +to note attentively what has come to pass. Time has made +a clean sweep, it may be, of every Greek codex belonging to +either of the two dates above indicated. Every tradition +belonging to the period has also long since utterly perished. +When lo, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1831, under the auspices of Dr. Lachmann, +<span class="tei tei-q">“a new departure”</span> is made. Up springs what may be called +the new German school of Textual Criticism,—of which the +fundamental principle is a superstitious deference to the +decrees of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. The heresy prevails for fifty years (1831-81) +and obtains many adherents. The practical result is, +that its chief promoters make it their business to throw discredit +on the result of the two great Antiochian Revisions +already spoken of! The (so-called) <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Text”</span>—although +assumed by Drs. Westcott and Hort to be the product of the +combined wisdom, piety, and learning of the great Patriarchates +of the East from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350; <span class="tei tei-q">“a <span class="tei tei-q">‘Recension’</span> +in the proper sense of the word; a work of attempted Criticism, +performed deliberately by Editors and not merely by +Scribes”</span> (p. 133):—this <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Text,”</span> Doctors Westcott and +Hort denounce as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">showing no marks of either critical or spiritual +insight:</span></em>”</span>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It <span class="tei tei-q">“presents”</span> (say they) <span class="tei tei-q">“the New Testament in a form +smooth and attractive, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">appreciably impoverished in sense and +force</span></em>; more fitted for cursory perusal or recitation than for +repeated and diligent study.”</span>—(p. 135.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXVII. We are content to leave this matter to the +Reader's judgment. For ourselves, we make no secret of +the grotesqueness of the contrast thus, for the second time, +presented to the imagination. On <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> side, by the hypothesis, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page288">[pg 288]</span><a name="Pg288" id="Pg288" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sit the greatest Doctors of primitive Christendom, +assembled in solemn conclave. Every most illustrious name +is there. By ingeniously drawing a purely arbitrary hard-and-fast +line at the year <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, and so anticipating many +a <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">floruit</span></span>”</span> by something between five and five-and-twenty +years, Dr. Hort's intention is plain: but the expedient will +not serve his turn. Quite content are we with the names +secured to us within the proposed limits of time. On <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> +side then, we behold congregated choice representatives +of the wisdom, the piety, the learning of the Eastern +Church, from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350.—On this side sits—Dr. +Hort! ... An interval of 1532 years separates these +two parties. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXVIII. And first,—How may the former assemblage be +supposed to have been occupying themselves? The object +with which those distinguished personages came together was +the loftiest, the purest, the holiest imaginable: viz. to purge +out from the sacred Text the many corruptions by which, in +their judgments, it had become depraved during the 250 (or +at the utmost 300) years which have elapsed since it first +came into existence; to detect the counterfeit and to eliminate +the spurious. Not unaware by any means are they of the +carelessness of Scribes, nor yet of the corruptions which have +been brought in through the officiousness of critical <span class="tei tei-q">“Correctors”</span> +of the Text. To what has resulted from the misdirected +piety of the Orthodox, they are every bit as fully alive as to +what has crept in through the malignity of Heretical Teachers. +Moreover, while the memory survives in all its freshness of +the depravations which the inspired Text has experienced +from these and other similar corrupting influences, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">means +abound</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are at hand</span></em> of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">testing</span></em> every suspected place of +Scripture. Well, and next,—How have these holy men +prospered in their holy enterprise? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page289">[pg 289]</span><a name="Pg289" id="Pg289" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXIX. According to Dr. Hort, by a strange fatality,—a +most unaccountable and truly disastrous proclivity to error,—these +illustrious Fathers of the Church have been at every +instant substituting the spurious for the genuine,—a fabricated +Text in place of the Evangelical Verity. Miserable +men! In the Gospels alone they have interpolated about +3100 words: have omitted about 700: have substituted about +1000; have transposed about 2200: have altered (in respect +of number, case, mood, tense, person, &c.) about 1200.<a id="noteref_724" name="noteref_724" href="#note_724"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">724</span></span></a> This +done, they have amused themselves with the give-and-take +process of mutual accommodation which we are taught to call +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conflation</span></em>:”</span> in plain terms, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they have been manufacturing +Scripture</span></em>. The Text, as it comes forth from their hands,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(a) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Shews no marks of either critical or spiritual insight:</span></em>”</span>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(b) <span class="tei tei-q">“Presents the New Testament in a form smooth and +attractive, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">appreciably impoverished in sense and force</span></em>:”</span>— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(c) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Is more fitted for cursory perusal or recitation, than for +repeated and diligent study.</span></em>”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Moreover, the mischief has proved infectious,—has spread. +In Syria also, at Edessa or Nisibis,—(for it is as well to be +circumstantial in such matters,)—the self-same iniquity is +about to be perpetrated; of which the Peschito will be the +abiding monument: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> solitary witness only to the pure Text +being suffered to escape. Cureton's fragmentary Syriac will +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page290">[pg 290]</span><a name="Pg290" id="Pg290" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +alone remain to exhibit to mankind the outlines of primitive +Truth. (The reader is reminded of the character already +given of the document in question at the summit of page +<a href="#Pg279" class="tei tei-ref">279</a>. Its extravagance can only be fully appreciated by one +who will be at the pains to read it steadily through.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXX. And pray, (we ask,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> says all this? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> is it +who gravely puts forth all this egregious nonsense?... It is +Dr. Hort, (we answer,) at pp. 134-5 of the volume now under +review. In fact, according to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>, those primitive Fathers +have been the great falsifiers of Scripture; have proved the +worst enemies of the pure Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>; have shamefully +betrayed their sacred trust; have done the diametrical reverse +of what (by the hypothesis) they came together for the sole +purpose of doing. They have depraved and corrupted that +sacred Text which it was their aim, their duty, and their professed +object to purge from its errors. And (by the hypothesis) +Dr. Hort, at the end of 1532 years,—aided by codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +and his own self-evolved powers of divination,—has found +them out, and now holds them up to the contempt and scorn +of the British public. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXI. In the meantime the illustrious Professor invites +us to believe that the mistaken textual judgment pronounced +at Antioch in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350 had an immediate effect on the Text +of Scripture throughout the world. We are requested to suppose +that it resulted in the instantaneous extinction of codices +the like of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, wherever found; and caused codices of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> type +to spring up like mushrooms in their place, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, in every +library of ancient Christendom. We are further required to +assume that this extraordinary substitution of new evidence +for old—the false for the true—fully explains why Irenæus +and Hippolytus, Athanasius and Didymus, Gregory of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page291">[pg 291]</span><a name="Pg291" id="Pg291" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa, Basil and Ephraem, Epiphanius +and Chrysostom, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Isidore +of Pelusium, Nilus and Nonnus, Proclus and Severianus, +the two Cyrils and Theodoret—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one and all</span></em>—show themselves +strangers to the text of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א.... We read and +marvel. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXII. For, (it is time to enquire,)—Does not the learned +Professor see that, by thus getting rid of the testimony of +the whole body of the Fathers, he leaves the Science which he is +so good as to patronize in a most destitute condition,—besides +placing himself in a most inconvenient state of isolation? If +clear and consentient Patristic testimony to the Text of Scripture +is not to be deemed forcible witness to its Truth,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whither</span></em> +shall a man betake himself for constraining Evidence? +Dr. Hort has already set aside the Traditional Text as a thing +of no manner of importance. The venerable Syriac Version +he has also insisted on reducing very nearly to the level of +the despised cursives. As for the copies of the old Latin, +they had confessedly become so untrustworthy, at the time of +which he speaks, that a modest Revision of the Text they +embody, (the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Vulgate</span></em>”</span> namely,) became at last a measure +of necessity. What remains to him therefore? Can he +seriously suppose that the world will put up with the <span class="tei tei-q">“idiosyncrasy”</span> +of a living Doctor—his <span class="tei tei-q">“personal instincts”</span> (p. xi.)—his +<span class="tei tei-q">“personal discernment”</span> (p. 65),—his <span class="tei tei-q">“instinctive processes +of Criticism”</span> (p. 66),—his <span class="tei tei-q">“individual mind,”</span>—in preference +to articulate voices coming to us across the gulf of Time from +every part of ancient Christendom? How—with the faintest +chance of success—does Dr. Hort propose to remedy the +absence of External Testimony? If mankind can afford to +do without either consent of Copies or of Fathers, why does +mankind any longer adhere to the ancient methods of proof? +Why do Critics of every school <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still</span></em> accumulate references to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page292">[pg 292]</span><a name="Pg292" id="Pg292" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +MSS., explore the ancient Versions, and ransack the Patristic +writings in search of neglected citations of Scripture? That +the ancients were indifferent Textual Critics, is true enough. +The mischief done by Origen in this department,—through +his fondness for a branch of Learning in which his remarks +show that he was all unskilled,—is not to be told. But then, +these men lived within a very few hundred years of the +Apostles of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus Christ</span></span>: and when they witness +to the reading of their own copies, their testimony on the point, +to say the least, is worthy of our most respectful attention. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dated codices,</span></em> in fact are they, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to all intents and purposes,</span></em> +as often as they bear clear witness to the Text of Scripture:—a +fact, (we take leave to throw out the remark in passing,) +which has not yet nearly attracted the degree of attention +which it deserves. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXIII. For ourselves, having said so much on this subject, +it is fair that we should add,—We devoutly wish that +Dr. Hort's hypothesis of an authoritative and deliberate Recension +of the Text of the New Testament achieved at Antioch +first, about A.D. 250, and next, about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, were indeed an +historical fact. We desire no firmer basis on which to rest +our confidence in the Traditional Text of Scripture than +the deliberate verdict of Antiquity,—the ascertained sanction +of the collective Church, in the Nicene age. The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 385] is the work of a single man—Jerome. The +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 616] was also the work of a single +man—Thomas of Harkel. But this <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate”</span> was (by +the hypothesis) the product of the Church Catholic, [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250-<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +350,] in her corporate capacity. Not only should we hail +such a monument of the collective piety and learning of the +Church in her best days with unmingled reverence and joy, +were it introduced to our notice; but we should insist that +no important deviation from such a <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>”</span> as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page293">[pg 293]</span><a name="Pg293" id="Pg293" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +would deserve to be listened to. In other words, if Dr. +Hort's theory about the origin of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> have +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any foundation at all</span></em> in fact, it is <span class="tei tei-q">“all up”</span> with Dr. Hort. +He is absolutely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nowhere.</span></em> He has most ingeniously placed +himself on the horns of a fatal dilemma. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For,—(let it be carefully noted,)—the entire discussion +becomes, in this way, brought (so to speak) within the compass +of a nutshell. To state the case briefly,—We are invited +to make our election between the Fathers of the Church, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350,—and Dr. Hort, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1881. The issue is +really reduced to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that.</span></em> The general question of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Text of +Scripture</span></span> being the matter at stake; (not any particular +passage, remember, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Text of Scripture as a whole;</span></em>)—and +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conflicting parties</span></em> being but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em>;—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em> are we to +believe? the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">consentient Voice of Antiquity,</span></em>—or the solitary +modern Professor? Shall we accept the august Testimony +of the whole body of the Fathers? or shall we prefer to be +guided by the self-evolved imaginations of one who confessedly +has nothing to offer but conjecture? The question +before us is reduced to that single issue. But in fact the +alternative admits of being yet more concisely stated. We are +invited to make our election between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">fact</span></span> and—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">fiction</span></span>.... +All this, of course, on the supposition that there is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any truth +at all</span></em> in Dr. Hort's <span class="tei tei-q">“New Textual Theory.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXIV. Apart however from the gross intrinsic improbability +of the supposed Recension,—the utter absence of +one particle of evidence, traditional or otherwise, that it ever +did take place, must be held to be fatal to the hypothesis +that it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did.</span></em> It is simply incredible that an incident of such +magnitude and interest would leave no trace of itself in history. +As a conjecture—(and it only professes to be a conjecture)—Dr. +Hort's notion of how the Text of the Fathers of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page294">[pg 294]</span><a name="Pg294" id="Pg294" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the IIIrd, IVth, and Vth centuries,—which, as he truly +remarks, is in the main identical with our own <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Received Text</span></em>,—came +into being, must be unconditionally abandoned. In the +words of a learned living Prelate,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the supposition</span></em>”</span> on which +Drs. Westcott and Hort have staked their critical reputation, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is a manifest absurdity</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_725" name="noteref_725" href="#note_725"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">725</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXV. We have been so full on the subject of this imaginary +<span class="tei tei-q">“Antiochian”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian text,”</span> not (the reader may be +sure) without sufficient reason. Scant satisfaction truly is +there in scattering to the winds an airy tissue which its +ingenious authors have been industriously weaving for +30 years. But it is clear that with this hypothesis of a +<span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> text,—the immediate source and actual prototype of +the commonly received Text of the N. T.,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stands or falls +their entire Textual theory</span></em>. Reject it, and the entire fabric is +observed to collapse, and subside into a shapeless ruin. And +with it, of necessity, goes the <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text,”</span>—and therefore +the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New English Version</span></em>”</span> of our Revisionists, which in +the main has been founded on it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXVI. In the meantime the phenomena upon which this +phantom has been based, remain unchanged; and fairly interpreted, +will be found to conduct us to the diametrically +opposite result to that which has been arrived at by Drs. +Westcott and Hort. With perfect truth has the latter +remarked on the practical <span class="tei tei-q">“identity of the Text, more especially +in the Gospels and Pauline Epistles, in all the known +cursive MSS., except a few”</span> (p. 143). We fully admit the +truth of his statement that— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Before the close of the IVth century</span></em>, a Greek Text not materially +differing from the almost universal Text of the IXth,”</span>—[and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page295">[pg 295]</span><a name="Pg295" id="Pg295" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +why not of the VIth? of the VIIth? of the VIIIth? or again +of the Xth? of the XIth? of the XIIth?]—<span class="tei tei-q">“century, was +dominant at Antioch.”</span>—(p. 142.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And why not throughout the whole of Eastern Christendom? +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> this continual mention of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Antioch</span></em>”</span>—this perpetual +introduction of the epithet <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em>”</span>? Neither designation +applies to Irenæus or to Hippolytus,—to Athanasius or to +Didymus,—to Gregory of Nazianzus or to his namesake of +Nyssa,—to Basil or to Epiphanius,—to Nonnus or to Macarius,—to +Proclus or to Theodoras Mops.,—to the earlier or +to the later Cyril.—In brief, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fundamental text of the late extant Greek MSS. generally +is, beyond all question, identical with [what Dr. Hort +chooses to call] the dominant Antiochian or Græco-Syrian text +of the second half of the IVth century.... The Antiochian [and +other] Fathers, and the bulk of extant MSS. written from +about three or four, to ten or eleven centuries later, must +have had, in the greater number of extant variations, a common +original </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">either contemporary with, or older than, our oldest extant +MSS.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 92.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXVII. So far then, happily, we are entirely agreed. The +only question is,—How is this resemblance to be accounted +for? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Not</span></em>, we answer,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>, certainly, by putting forward so +violent and improbable—so <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">irrational</span></em> a conjecture as that, +first, about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250,—and then again about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350,—an +authoritative standard Text was fabricated at Antioch; of +which all other known MSS. (except a very little handful) +are nothing else but transcripts:—but rather, by loyally +recognizing, in the practical identity of the Text exhibited +by 99 out of 100 of our extant MSS., the probable general +fidelity of those many transcripts <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to the inspired exemplars +themselves from which remotely they are confessedly descended</span></em>. +And surely, if it be allowable to assume (with Dr. Hort) +that for 1532 years, (viz. from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1882) the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page296">[pg 296]</span><a name="Pg296" id="Pg296" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Antiochian</span></em> standard has been faithfully retained and transmitted,—it +will be impossible to assign any valid reason +why the inspired Original itself, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolic</span></em> standard, +should not have been as faithfully transmitted and retained +from the Apostolic age to the Antiochian,<a id="noteref_726" name="noteref_726" href="#note_726"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">726</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> throughout +an interval of less than 250 years, or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one-sixth</span></em> of the period. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXVIII. Here, it will obviously occur to enquire,—But +what has been Drs. Westcott and Hort's <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">motive</span></em> for inventing +such an improbable hypothesis? and why is Dr. Hort so +strenuous in maintaining it?... We reply by reminding +the Reader of certain remarks which we made at the +outset.<a id="noteref_727" name="noteref_727" href="#note_727"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">727</span></span></a> The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Traditional Text</span></em> of the N. T. is a phenomenon +which sorely exercises Critics of the new school. To depreciate +it, is easy: to deny its critical authority, is easier still: +to cast ridicule on the circumstances under which Erasmus +produced his first (very faulty) edition of it (1516), is easiest +of all. But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to ignore</span></em> the <span class="tei tei-q">“Traditional Text,”</span> is impossible. +Equally impossible is it to overlook its practical identity +with the Text of Chrysostom, who lived and taught <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at Antioch</span></em> +till <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 398, when he became Abp. of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Constantinople</span></em>. +Now this is a very awkward circumstance, and must in some +way be got over; for it transports us, at a bound, from the +stifling atmosphere of Basle and Alcala,—from Erasmus and +Stunica, Stephens and Beza and the Elzevirs,—to Antioch +and Constantinople in the latter part of the IVth century. +What is to be done? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XXXIX. Drs. Westcott and Hort assume that this <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiochian +text”</span>—found in the later cursives and the Fathers of +the latter half of the IVth century—must be an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">artificial</span></em>, +an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">arbitrarily invented</span></em> standard; a text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fabricated</span></em> between +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page297">[pg 297]</span><a name="Pg297" id="Pg297" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350. And if they may but be so fortunate +as to persuade the world to adopt their hypothesis, then all +will be easy; for they will have reduced the supposed <span class="tei tei-q">“consent +of Fathers”</span> to the reproduction of one and the same +single <span class="tei tei-q">“primary documentary witness:”</span><a id="noteref_728" name="noteref_728" href="#note_728"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">728</span></span></a>—and <span class="tei tei-q">“it is hardly +necessary to point out the total change in the bearing +of the evidence by the introduction of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the factor of Genealogy</span></em>”</span> +(p. 43) at this particular juncture. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Upset</span></em> the +hypothesis on the other hand, and all is reversed in a +moment. Every attesting Father is perceived to be a dated +MS. and an independent authority; and the combined evidence +of several of these becomes simply unmanageable. +In like manner, <span class="tei tei-q">“the approximate consent of the cursives”</span> +(see the foot-note), is perceived to be equivalent <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> to <span class="tei tei-q">“A +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">primary documentary witness</span></span>,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> to <span class="tei tei-q">“ONE <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Antiochian +original</span></span>,”</span>—but to be tantamount to the articulate speech of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">many</span></em> witnesses <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of high character</span></em>, coming to us <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from every +quarter</span></em> of primitive Christendom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XL. But—(the further enquiry is sure to be made)—In +favour of which document, or set of documents, have all +these fantastic efforts been made to disparage the commonly +received standards of excellence? The ordinary English +Reader may require to be reminded that, prior to the IVth +century, our Textual helps are few, fragmentary, and—to +speak plainly—insufficient. As for sacred Codices of that +date, we possess <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">not one</span></span>. Of our two primitive Versions, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page298">[pg 298]</span><a name="Pg298" id="Pg298" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“the Syriac and the old Latin,”</span> the second is grossly corrupt; +owing (says Dr. Hort) <span class="tei tei-q">“to a perilous confusion between +transcription and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reproduction</span></em>;”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“the preservation of a +record and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its supposed improvement</span></em>”</span> (p. 121). <span class="tei tei-q">“Further +acquaintance with it only increases our distrust”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span>). In +plainer English, <span class="tei tei-q">“the earliest readings which can be fixed +chronologically”</span> (p. 120) belong to a Version which is licentious +and corrupt to an incredible extent. And though +<span class="tei tei-q">“there is no reason to doubt that the Peschito [or ancient +Syriac] is at least as old as the Latin Version”</span> (p. 84), yet +(according to Dr. Hort) it is <span class="tei tei-q">“impossible”</span>—(he is nowhere so +good as to explain to us wherein this supposed <span class="tei tei-q">“impossibility”</span> +consists),—to regard <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the present form</span></em> of the Version +as a true representation of the original Syriac text.”</span> The +date of it (according to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> be as late as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350. +Anyhow, we are assured (but only by Dr. Hort) that important +<span class="tei tei-q">“evidence for the Greek text is hardly to be looked for +from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> source”</span> (p. 85).—The Fathers of the IIIrd century +who have left behind them considerable remains in Greek +are but two,—Clemens Alex. and Origen: and there are +considerations attending the citations of either, which greatly +detract from their value. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLI. The question therefore recurs with redoubled emphasis,—In +favour of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> document, or set of documents, +does Dr. Hort disparage the more considerable portion of +that early evidence,—so much of it, namely, as belongs to +the IVth century,—on which the Church has been hitherto +accustomed confidently to rely? He asserts that,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Almost all Greek Fathers after Eusebius have texts so +deeply affected by mixture that</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> they </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">cannot at most count +for more than so many secondary Greek uncial MSS., </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">inferior +in most cases to the better sort of secondary uncial MSS. now existing</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +202.) +</span></div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page299">[pg 299]</span><a name="Pg299" id="Pg299" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus, at a stroke, behold, <span class="tei tei-q">“almost <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all Greek Fathers +after Eusebius</span></em>”</span>—(who died <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 340)—are disposed of! +washed overboard! put clean out of sight! Athanasius and +Didymus—the 2 Basils and the 2 Gregories—the 2 Cyrils +and the 2 Theodores—Epiphanius and Macarius and +Ephraem—Chrysostom and Severianus and Proclus—Nilus +and Nonnus—Isidore of Pelusium and Theodoret: not to +mention at least as many more who have left scanty, +yet most precious, remains behind them:—all these are +pronounced <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inferior</span></em> in authority to as many IXth- or Xth-century +copies!... We commend, in passing, the foregoing +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">dictum</span></span> of these accomplished Editors to the critical +judgment of all candid and intelligent Readers. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Not</span></em> as +dated manuscripts, therefore, at least equal in Antiquity to +the oldest which we now possess:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> as the authentic +utterances of famous Doctors and Fathers of the Church, +(instead of being the work of unknown and irresponsible +Scribes):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> as sure witnesses of what was accounted +Scripture in a known region, by a famous personage, at a +well-ascertained period, (instead of coming to us, as our +codices <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">universally</span></em> do, without a history and without a +character):—in no such light are we henceforth to regard +Patristic citations of Scripture:—but only <span class="tei tei-q">“as so many +secondary MSS., <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inferior to the better sort of secondary uncials +now existing</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLII. That the Testimony of the Fathers, in the lump, +must perforce in some such way either be ignored or else +flouted, if the Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort is to stand,—we +were perfectly well aware. It is simply fatal to them: +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and they know it</span></em>. But we were hardly prepared for such a +demonstration as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>. Let it all pass however. The question +we propose is only the following,—If the Text <span class="tei tei-q">“used by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">great Antiochian theologians</span></em> not long after the middle of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page300">[pg 300]</span><a name="Pg300" id="Pg300" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +IVth century”</span> (p. 146) is undeserving of our confidence:—if +we are to believe that a systematic depravation of Scripture +was universally going on till about the end of the IIIrd +century; and if at that time, an authoritative and deliberate +recension of it—conducted on utterly erroneous principles—took +place at Antioch, and resulted in the vicious <span class="tei tei-q">“traditional +Constantinopolitan”</span> (p. 143), or (as Dr. Hort prefers +to call it) the <span class="tei tei-q">“eclectic Syrian Text:”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">What remains to us</span></em>? +Are we henceforth to rely on our own <span class="tei tei-q">“inner consciousness”</span> +for illumination? Or is it seriously expected that for the +restoration of the inspired Verity we shall be content to +surrender ourselves blindfold to the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ipse dixit</span></span> of an unknown +and irresponsible nineteenth-century guide? If neither of +these courses is expected of us, will these Editors be so good +as to give us the names of the documents on which, in their +judgment, we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> rely? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLIII. We are not suffered to remain long in a state +of suspense. The assurance awaits us (at p. 150), that the +Vatican codex, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—is found to hold a unique position. Its text is throughout +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Pre-Syrian</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, perhaps </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">purely Pre-Syrian</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.... From distinctively +Western readings it seems to be all but entirely free.... +We have not been able to recognize as </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Alexandrian</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> any +readings of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> in any book of the New Testament.... So +that ... neither of the early streams of innovation has touched +it to any appreciable extent.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 150.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The text of the Sinaitic codex (א)</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> also </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">seems to be entirely, +or all but entirely, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Pre-Syrian</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. A very large part of the +text is in like manner free from </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Western</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> or </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Alexandrian</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> elements.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +151.) +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Every other</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> known Greek manuscript has either a mixed or a +Syrian text.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 151.) +</span></p> + +</div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Thus then, at last, at the end of exactly 150 weary pages, +the secret comes out! The one point which the respected +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page301">[pg 301]</span><a name="Pg301" id="Pg301" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Editors are found to have been all along driving at:—the +one aim of those many hazy disquisitions of theirs about +<span class="tei tei-q">“Intrinsic and Transcriptional Probability,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Genealogical +evidence, simple and divergent,”</span>—and <span class="tei tei-q">“the study of Groups:”</span>—the +one reason of all their vague terminology,—and of +their baseless theory of <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation,”</span>—and their disparagement +of the Fathers:—the one <span lang="fr" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="fr"><span style="font-style: italic">raison d'être</span></span> of their fiction +of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> and a <span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian”</span> and a <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral”</span> text:—the +secret of it all comes out at last! A delightful, a truly +Newtonian simplicity characterizes the final announcement. +All is summed up in the curt formula—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Behold then the altar at which Copies, Fathers, Versions, +are all to be ruthlessly sacrificed:—the tribunal from which +there shall be absolutely no appeal:—the Oracle which is to +silence every doubt, resolve every riddle, smooth away every +difficulty. All has been stated, where the name has been +pronounced of—codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. One is reminded of an enegmatical +epitaph on the floor of the Chapel of S. John's College, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Verbum non amplius—Fisher</span></span>”</span>! To codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> all the Greek +Fathers after Eusebius must give way. Even Patristic +evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the ante-Nicene period</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“requires critical sifting”</span> +(p. 202),—must be distrusted, may be denied (pp. 202-5),—if +it shall be found to contradict Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>! <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> very far +exceeds all other documents in neutrality of Text.”</span>—(p. 171.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLIV. <span class="tei tei-q">“At a long interval after B, but hardly a less +interval before all other MSS., stands א”</span> (p. 171).—Such is +the sum of the matter!... A coarser,—a clumsier,—a +more unscientific,—a more <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stupid</span></em> expedient for settling the +true Text of Scripture was surely never invented! <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But</span></em> for the +many foggy, or rather unreadable disquisitions with which +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> is encumbered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Textual Criticism made +easy,”</span> might well have been the title of the little +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page302">[pg 302]</span><a name="Pg302" id="Pg302" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +volume now under Review; of which at last it is discovered +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the general Infallibility of Codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> is the fundamental +principle. Let us however hear these learned men out. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLV. They begin by offering us a chapter on the <span class="tei tei-q">“General +relations of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א to other documents:”</span> wherein we are +assured that,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Two striking facts</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> successively come out with especial clearness. +Every group containing both א and </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is found</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> ... to +have </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">an apparently more original Text</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> than every opposed group +containing neither; and every group containing </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ... </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is found</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +in a large preponderance of cases ... to have </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">an apparently +more original Text</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> than every opposed group containing א.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +210.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Is found</span></em>”</span>! but pray,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">By whom?</span></em> And <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">apparently</span></em>”</span>! but +pray,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To whom?</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">On what grounds of Evidence</span></em>? For +unless it be on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certain</span></em> grounds of Evidence, how can it +be pretended that we have before us <span class="tei tei-q">“two striking <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Again, with what show of reason can it possibly be asserted +that these <span class="tei tei-q">“two striking facts”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“come out with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">especial clearness</span></em>”</span>? +so long as their very existence remains <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">in nubibus</span></span>,—has +never been established, and is in fact emphatically +denied? Expressions like the foregoing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em> only begin to +be tolerable when it has been made plain that the Teacher +has some solid foundation on which to build. Else, he +occasions nothing but impatience and displeasure. Readers +at first are simply annoyed at being trifled with: presently +they grow restive: at last they become clamorous for +demonstration, and will accept of nothing less. Let us go +on however. We are still at p. 210:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We found א and </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> to stand alone in their almost complete +immunity from distinctive Syriac readings ... and </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> to stand +far above א in its </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">apparent</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> freedom from either Western or +Alexandrian readings.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 210.) +</span></div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page303">[pg 303]</span><a name="Pg303" id="Pg303" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But pray, gentlemen,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Where</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">when</span></em> did <span class="tei tei-q">“we find”</span> +either of these two things? We have <span class="tei tei-q">“found”</span> nothing of +the sort hitherto. The Reviewer is disposed to reproduce +the Duke of Wellington's courteous reply to the Prince +Regent, when the latter claimed the arrangements which +resulted in the victory of Waterloo:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I have heard your +Royal Highness say so</span></em>.”</span>... At the end of a few pages, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Having found</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> the constant element in groups of every +size, distinguished by internal excellence of readings, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">we found</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> +no less excellence in the readings in which they concur without +other attestations of Greek MSS., or even of Versions or +Fathers.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 219.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What! again? Why, we <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have found</span></em>”</span> nothing as yet but +Reiteration. Up to this point we have not been favoured +with one particle of Evidence!... In the meantime, the +convictions of these accomplished Critics,—(but not, unfortunately, +those of their Readers,)—are observed to strengthen +as they proceed. On reaching p. 224, we are assured that, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The independence [of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and א] can be carried back so far,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(not +a hint is given </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">how</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,)—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">that their concordant testimony may +be treated as equivalent to that of a MS. older than א and </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +themselves by at least two centuries,—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">probably</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> by a generation +or two more.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“independence”</span> was established, and how <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“probability”</span> has been arrived at, we cannot even imagine. +The point to be attended to however, is, that by the process +indicated, some such early epoch as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 100 has been reached. +So that now we are not surprised to hear that, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The respective ancestries of א and </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> must have diverged +from a common parent </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">extremely near the Apostolic autographs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +220. See top of p. 221.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Or that,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The close approach to the time of the autographs</span></em> raises +the presumption of purity to an unusual strength.”</span>—(p. 224.) +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page304">[pg 304]</span><a name="Pg304" id="Pg304" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And lo, before we turn the leaf, this <span class="tei tei-q">“presumption”</span> is +found to have ripened into certainty:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">This general immunity from substantive error ... in the +common original of א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, in conjunction with its very high +antiquity, provides in a multitude of cases </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a safe criterion of +genuineness, not to be distrusted</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> except on very clear internal +evidence. Accordingly ... it is our belief, (1) That Readings +of א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">should be accepted as the true Readings</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> until strong internal +evidence is found to the contrary; and (2), </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">That no Readings +of</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">can be safely rejected absolutely</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 225.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLVI. And thus, by an unscrupulous use of the process +of Reiteration, accompanied by a boundless exercise of the +Imaginative faculty, we have reached the goal to which all +that went before has been steadily tending: viz. the absolute +supremacy of codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א above all other codices,—and, +when they differ, then of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet, the <span class="tei tei-q">“immunity from substantive error”</span> of a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lost</span></em> +Codex of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">imaginary</span></em> date and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unknown</span></em> history, cannot but +be a pure imagination,—(a mistaken one, as we shall +presently show,)—of these respected Critics: while their +proposed practical inference from it,—(viz. to regard two +remote and confessedly depraved Copies of that original, as +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a safe criterion of genuineness</span></em>,”</span>)—this, at all events, is the +reverse of logical. In the meantime, the presumed proximity +of the Text of א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> to the Apostolic age is henceforth discoursed +of as if it were no longer matter of conjecture:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The ancestries of both MSS. having started from a common +source </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">not much later than the Autographs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> &c.—(p. 247.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And again:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Near as the divergence</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the respective ancestries of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and א +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">must have been to the Autographs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> &c.—(p. 273.) +</span></div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page305">[pg 305]</span><a name="Pg305" id="Pg305" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Until at last, we find it announced as a <span class="tei tei-q">“moral certainty:”</span>— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">It is morally certain</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> that the ancestries of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and א </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">diverged +from a point near the Autographs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, and never came into contact +subsequently.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Text</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, p. 556.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +After which, of course, we have no right to complain if we +are assured that:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fullest comparison does but increase the conviction that +their pre-eminent relative </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">purity</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> is approximately </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">absolute</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,—</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a +true approximate reproduction of the Text of the Autographs</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +296.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLVII. But how does it happen—(we must needs repeat +the enquiry, which however we make with unfeigned +astonishment,)—How does it come to pass that a man of +practised intellect, addressing persons as cultivated and perhaps +as acute as himself, can handle a confessedly obscure +problem like the present after this strangely incoherent, this +foolish and wholly inconclusive fashion? One would have +supposed that Dr. Hort's mathematical training would have +made him an exact reasoner. But he writes as if he had no +idea at all of the nature of demonstration, and of the process +necessary in order to carry conviction home to a Reader's +mind. Surely, (one tells oneself,) a minimum of <span class="tei tei-q">“pass”</span> Logic +would have effectually protected so accomplished a gentleman +from making such a damaging exhibition of himself! +For surely he must be aware that, as yet, he has produced +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one particle of evidence</span></em> that his opinion concerning <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +is well founded. And yet, how can he possibly overlook the +circumstance that, unless he is able to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrate</span></em> that +those two codices, and especially the former of them, has +<span class="tei tei-q">“preserved not only a very ancient Text, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a very pure line +of ancient Text</span></em>”</span> also (p. 251), his entire work, (inasmuch as it +reposes on that one assumption,) on being critically handled, +crumbles to its base; or rather melts into thin air before the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page306">[pg 306]</span><a name="Pg306" id="Pg306" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +first puff of wind? He cannot, surely, require telling that +those who look for Demonstration will refuse to put up with +Rhetoric:—that, with no thoughtful person will Assertion +pass for Argument:—nor mere Reiteration, however long +persevered in, ever be mistaken for accumulated Proof. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“When I am taking a ride with Rouser,”</span>—(quietly remarked +Professor Saville to Bodley Coxe,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“I observe that, +if I ever demur to any of his views, Rouser's practice always +is, to repeat the same thing over again in the same words,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only +in a louder tone of voice</span></em>”</span> ... The delicate rhetorical +device thus indicated proves to be not peculiar to Professors +of the University of Oxford; but to be familiarly recognized +as an instrument of conviction by the learned men who dwell +on the banks of the Cam. To be serious however.—Dr. Hort +has evidently failed to see that nothing short of a careful +induction of particular instances,—a system of laborious +footnotes, or an <span class="tei tei-q">“Appendix”</span> bristling with impregnable facts,—could +sustain the portentous weight of his fundamental +position, viz. that Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> is so exceptionally pure a document +as to deserve to be taken as a chief guide in determining +the Truth of Scripture. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is related of the illustrious architect, Sir Gilbert Scott,—when +he had to rebuild the massive central tower of a +southern Cathedral, and to rear up thereon a lofty spire of +stone,—that he made preparations for the work which +astonished the Dean and Chapter of the day. He caused +the entire area to be excavated to what seemed a most +unnecessary depth, and proceeded to lay a bed of concrete of +fabulous solidity. The <span class="tei tei-q">“wise master-builder”</span> was determined +that his work should last for ever. Not so Drs. Westcott +and Hort. They are either troubled with no similar anxieties, +or else too clear-sighted to cherish any similar hope. They +are evidently of opinion that a cloud or a quagmire will serve +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page307">[pg 307]</span><a name="Pg307" id="Pg307" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +their turn every bit as well as granite or Portland-stone. +Dr. Hort (as we have seen already, namely in p. 252,) +considers that his individual <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">strong preference</span></span>”</span> of one +set of Readings above another, is sufficient to determine +whether the Manuscript which contains those Readings is +pure or the contrary. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Formidable arrays of</span></em> [hostile] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Documentary +evidence</span></em>,”</span> he disregards and sets at defiance, when +once his own <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fullest consideration of Internal Evidence</span></em>”</span> has +<span class="tei tei-q">“pronounced certain Readings to be right”</span> [p. 61]. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The only indication we anywhere meet with of the actual +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ground</span></em> of Dr. Hort's certainty, and reason of his preference, +is contained in his claim that,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Every binary group [of MSS.] </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">containing</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> is found to offer +a large proportion of Readings, which, on the closest scrutiny, +have </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">the ring of genuineness</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">: while it is difficult to find any +Readings so attested which </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">look suspicious</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> after full consideration.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. +227. Also vol. i. 557—where the dictum is repeated.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLVIII. And thus we have, at last, an honest confession +of the ultimate principle which has determined the Text of +the present edition of the N. T. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The ring of genuineness</span></em>”</span>! +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">This</span></em> it must be which was referred to when <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">instinctive +processes of Criticism</span></em>”</span> were vaunted; and the candid avowal +made that <span class="tei tei-q">“the experience which is their foundation needs +perpetual correction and recorrection.”</span><a id="noteref_729" name="noteref_729" href="#note_729"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">729</span></span></a> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We are obliged</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (say these accomplished writers) </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">to </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">come to +the individual mind at last</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_730" name="noteref_730" href="#note_730"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">730</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus, behold, <span class="tei tei-q">“at last”</span> we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em> reached the goal!... +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Individual idiosyncrasy</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> external Evidence:—Readings +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">strongly preferred</span></em>,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> Readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">strongly attested</span></em>:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">personal +discernment</span></em>”</span> (self! still self!) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conscientiously exercising +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page308">[pg 308]</span><a name="Pg308" id="Pg308" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +itself upon Codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>;—this is a true account of the Critical +method pursued by these accomplished Scholars. They +deliberately claim <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">personal discernment</span></em>”</span> as <span class="tei tei-q">“the surest +ground for confidence.”</span><a id="noteref_731" name="noteref_731" href="#note_731"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">731</span></span></a> Accordingly, they judge of Readings +by their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">looks</span></em> and by their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sound</span></em>. When, in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> opinion, +words <span class="tei tei-q">“look suspicious,”</span> words are to be rejected. If a word +has <span class="tei tei-q">“the ring of genuineness,”</span>—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if it seems to them</span></em> to have +it,)—they claim that the word shall pass unchallenged. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +XLIX. But it must be obvious that such a method is +wholly inadmissible. It practically dispenses with Critical +aids altogether; substituting individual caprice for external +guidance. It can lead to no tangible result: for Readings +which <span class="tei tei-q">“look suspicious”</span> to one expert, may easily <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“look”</span> +so to another. A man's <span class="tei tei-q">“inner consciousness”</span> cannot possibly +furnish trustworthy guidance in this subject matter. Justly +does Bp. Ellicott ridicule <span class="tei tei-q">“the easy method of ... <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">using a +favourite Manuscript</span></em>,”</span> combined with <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some supposed power of +divining the Original Text</span></em>;”</span><a id="noteref_732" name="noteref_732" href="#note_732"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">732</span></span></a>—unconscious apparently that he +is thereby aiming a cruel blow at certain of his friends. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As for the proposed test of Truth,—(the enquiry, namely, +whether or no a reading has <span class="tei tei-q">“the ring of genuineness”</span>)—it is +founded on a transparent mistake. The coarse operation +alluded to may be described as a <span class="tei tei-q">“rough and ready”</span> +expedient practised by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">receivers of money</span></em> in the way of self-defence, +and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> for their own protection, lest base metal +should be palmed off upon them unawares. But Dr. Hort +is proposing an analogous test for the exclusive satisfaction +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him who utters</span></em> the suspected article. We therefore disallow +the proposal entirely: not, of course, because we +suppose that so excellent and honourable a man as Dr. Hort +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page309">[pg 309]</span><a name="Pg309" id="Pg309" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +would attempt to pass off as genuine what he suspects to +be fabricated; but because we are fully convinced—(for +reasons <span class="tei tei-q">“plenty as blackberries”</span>)—that through some natural +defect, or constitutional inaptitude, he is not a competent +judge. The man who finds <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no marks of either Critical or +Spiritual insight</span></em>”</span> (p. 135) in the only Greek Text which was +known to scholars till <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1831,—(although he confesses +that <span class="tei tei-q">“the text of Chrysostom and other Syrian Fathers of +the IVth century is substantially identical with it”</span><a id="noteref_733" name="noteref_733" href="#note_733"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">733</span></span></a>); and +vaunts in preference <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the bold vigour</span></em>”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">refined scholarship</span></em>”</span> +which is exclusively met with in certain depraved +uncials of the same or later date:—the man who thinks it not +unlikely that the incident of the piercing of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> +side (ἄλλος δὲ λαβῶν λόγχην κ.τ.λ.) was actually found in +the genuine Text of S. Matt. xxvii. 49, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as well as</span></em> in S. John +xix. 34:<a id="noteref_734" name="noteref_734" href="#note_734"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">734</span></span></a>—the man who is of opinion that the incident of +the Woman taken in Adultery (filling 12 verses), <span class="tei tei-q">“presents +serious differences from the diction of S. John's Gospel,”</span>—treats +it as <span class="tei tei-q">“an insertion in a comparatively late Western +text”</span><a id="noteref_735" name="noteref_735" href="#note_735"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">735</span></span></a> and declines to retain it even within brackets, on the +ground that it <span class="tei tei-q">“would fatally interrupt”</span> the course of the +narrative if suffered to stand:—the man who can deliberately +separate off from the end of S. Mark's Gospel, and print +separately, S. Mark's last 12 verses, (on the plea that they +<span class="tei tei-q">“manifestly cannot claim any apostolic authority; but are +doubtless founded on some tradition of the Apostolic age;”</span><a id="noteref_736" name="noteref_736" href="#note_736"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">736</span></span></a>)—yet +who straightway proceeds to annex, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as an alternative +Conclusion</span></em> (ἄλλως), <span class="tei tei-q">“the wretched supplement derived from +codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>:”</span><a id="noteref_737" name="noteref_737" href="#note_737"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">737</span></span></a>—the man (lastly) who, in defiance of <span class="tei tei-q">“solid reason +and pure taste,”</span> finds music in the <span class="tei tei-q">“utterly marred”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“rhythmical +arrangement”</span> of the Angels' Hymn on the night of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page310">[pg 310]</span><a name="Pg310" id="Pg310" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Nativity:<a id="noteref_738" name="noteref_738" href="#note_738"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">738</span></span></a>—such an one is not entitled to a hearing when +he talks about <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the ring of genuineness</span></em>.”</span> He has already +effectually put himself out of Court. He has convicted +himself of a natural infirmity of judgment,—has given proof +that he labours under a peculiar Critical inaptitude for this +department of enquiry,—which renders his decrees nugatory, +and his opinions worthless. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +L. But apart from all this, the Reader's attention is invited +to a little circumstance which Dr. Hort has unaccountably +overlooked: but which, the instant it has been stated, is +observed to cause his picturesque theory to melt away—like +a snow-wreath in the sunshine. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On reflexion, it will be perceived that the most signal +deformities of codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d l</span></span> are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">instances of Omission</span></em>. In +the Gospels alone, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> omits 2877 words. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How,—(we beg to enquire,)—How will you apply your +proposed test to a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Non-entity</span></em>? How will you ascertain +whether something which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does not exist in the Text</span></em> has <span class="tei tei-q">“the +ring of genuineness”</span> or not? There can be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“ring of +genuineness,”</span> clearly, where there is nothing to ring with! +Will any one pretend that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the omission</span></em> of the incident of the +troubling of the pool has in it any <span class="tei tei-q">“ring of genuineness”</span>?—or +dare to assert that <span class="tei tei-q">“the ring of genuineness”</span> is imparted +to the history of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> Passion, by the omission of +His Agony in the Garden?—or that the narrative of His +Crucifixion becomes more musical, when our Lord's Prayer +for His murderers has been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em>?—or that ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ +(<span class="tei tei-q">“for they were afraid”</span>), has <span class="tei tei-q">“the ring of genuineness”</span> as the +conclusion of the last chapter of the Gospel according to +S. Mark? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the strangest circumstance is behind. It is notorious +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page311">[pg 311]</span><a name="Pg311" id="Pg311" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that, on the contrary, Dr. Hort is frequently constrained +to admit that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the omitted words</span></em> actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“the ring of +genuineness.”</span> The words which he insists on thrusting out +of the Text are often conspicuous <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the very quality</span></em> which +(by the hypothesis) was the warrant for their exclusion. Of +this, the Reader may convince himself by referring to the +note at foot of the present page.<a id="noteref_739" name="noteref_739" href="#note_739"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">739</span></span></a> In the meantime, the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page312">[pg 312]</span><a name="Pg312" id="Pg312" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +matter discoursed of may be conveniently illustrated by a +short apologue:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Somewhere in the fens of Ely diocese, stood a crazy old +church (dedicated to S. Bee, of course,) the bells of which—according +to a learned Cambridge Doctor—were the most +musical in the world. <span class="tei tei-q">“I have listened to those bells,”</span> (he +was accustomed to say,) <span class="tei tei-q">“for 30 years. All other bells are +cracked, harsh, out of tune. Commend me, for music, to the +bells of S. Bee's! <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">They</span></em> alone have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the ring of genuineness</span></em>.”</span> +... Accordingly, he published a treatise on Campanology, +founding his theory on the musical properties of the bells of +S. Bee's.—At this juncture, provokingly enough, some one +directed attention to the singular fact that S. Bee's is one +of the few churches in that district <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without</span></em> bells: a discovery +which, it is needless to add, pressed inconveniently on the +learned Doctor's theory. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LI. But enough of this. We really have at last, (be it +observed,) reached the end of our enquiry. Nothing comes +after Dr. Hort's extravagant and unsupported estimate of +Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א. On the contrary. Those two documents +are caused to cast their sombre shadows a long way ahead, +and to darken all our future. Dr. Hort takes leave of the +subject with the announcement that, whatever uncertainty +may attach to the evidence for particular readings, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The general course of future Criticism must be shaped by the +happy circumstance that the fourth century has bequeathed to us two +MSS.</span></em> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א], of which even the less incorrupt [א] must have +been of exceptional purity among its contemporaries: and +which rise into greater pre-eminence of character the better +the early history of the Text becomes known.”</span>—(p. 287.) +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page313">[pg 313]</span><a name="Pg313" id="Pg313" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In other words, our guide assures us that in a dutiful submission +to codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א,—(which, he naïvely remarks, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">happen likewise to be the oldest extant</span></em> Greek MSS. of the New +Testament”</span> [p. 212],)—lies all our hope of future progress. +(Just as if we should ever have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heard</span></em> of these two codices, +had their contents come down to us written in the ordinary +cursive character,—in a dated MS. (suppose) of the XVth +century!)... Moreover, Dr. Hort <span class="tei tei-q">“must not hesitate to +express”</span> his own robust conviction, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">That no trustworthy improvement can be effected, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">except in +accordance with the leading Principles of method which we have +endeavoured to explain</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 285.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LII. And this is the end of the matter. Behold our fate +therefore:—(1) Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, with—(2) Drs. Westcott +and Hort's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction and Notes on Select Readings</span></span> in +vindication of their contents! It is proposed to shut us +up within those limits!... An uneasy suspicion however +secretly suggests itself that perhaps, as the years roll out, +something may come to light which will effectually dispel +every dream of the new School, and reduce even prejudice +itself to silence. So Dr. Hort hastens to frown it down:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It would be an illusion to anticipate important changes of +Text [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> of the Text advocated by Drs. Westcott and Hort] +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">from any acquisition of new Evidence</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 285.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> the anticipation of important help from the +acquisition of fresh documentary Evidence <span class="tei tei-q">“would be an +illusion,”</span>—does not appear. That the recovery of certain of +the exegetical works of Origen,—better still, of Tatian's +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diatessaron</span></span>,—best of all, of a couple of MSS. of the date of +Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א; but not, (like those two corrupt documents) +derived from one and the same depraved archetype;—That +any such windfall, (and it will come, some of these +days,) would infallibly disturb Drs. Westcott and Hort's +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page314">[pg 314]</span><a name="Pg314" id="Pg314" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +equanimity, as well as scatter to the winds not a few of their +most confident conclusions,—we are well aware. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">So indeed +are they.</span></em> Hence, what those Critics earnestly deprecate, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we</span></em> +as earnestly desire. We are therefore by no means inclined +to admit, that +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Greater possibilities of improvement lie in a more exact +study of the relations between the documents that we already +possess;</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +knowing well that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the documents</span></em>”</span> referred to are chiefly, (if +not solely,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א: knowing also, that it is further +meant, that in estimating other evidence, of whatever kind, +the only thing to be enquired after is whether or no the +attesting document <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is generally in agreement with codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For, according to these writers,—tide what tide,—codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +is to be the standard: itself not absolutely requiring confirmation +from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> extraneous quarter. Dr. Hort asserts, (but +it is, as usual, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mere</span></em> assertion,) that, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Even when</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">stands quite alone</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, its readings must never be +lightly rejected.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 557.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> a reading found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only in codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> should +experience greater indulgence than another reading found +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only in codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, we entirely fail to see. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +On the other hand, </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">an unique criterion</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> is supplied by the +concord of the independent attestation of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> and א.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Notes</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, +p. 46.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But pray, how does <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> appear? Since <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א are derived +from one and the same original—Why should not <span class="tei tei-q">“the +concord”</span> spoken of be rather <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-q">“an unique criterion”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> of the +utter depravity of the archetype</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LIII. To conclude. We have already listened to Dr. Hort +long enough. And now, since confessedly, a chain is no +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page315">[pg 315]</span><a name="Pg315" id="Pg315" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +stronger than it is at its weakest link; nor an edifice more +secure than the basis whereon it stands;—we must be allowed +to point out that we have been dealing throughout with a +dream, pure and simple; from which it is high time that we +should wake up, now that we have been plainly shown on +what an unsubstantial foundation these Editors have been all +along building. A child's house, several stories high, constructed +out of playing-cards,—is no unapt image of the +frail erection before us. We began by carefully lifting off +the topmost story; and then, the next: but we might as well +have saved ourselves the trouble. The basement-story has +to be removed bodily, which must bring the whole edifice +down with a rush. In reply to the fantastic tissue of unproved +assertions which go before, we assert as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) The impurity of the Texts exhibited by Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and +א is not a matter of opinion, but a matter of fact.<a id="noteref_740" name="noteref_740" href="#note_740"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">740</span></span></a> These are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page316">[pg 316]</span><a name="Pg316" id="Pg316" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +two of the least trustworthy documents in existence. So far +from allowing Dr. Hort's position that—<span class="tei tei-q">“A Text formed”</span> by +<span class="tei tei-q">“taking Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> as the sole authority,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“would be incomparably +nearer the Truth than a Text similarly taken from +any other Greek or other single document”</span> (p. 251),—we +venture to assert that it would be, on the contrary, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by far +the foulest Text that had ever seen the light</span></em>: worse, that is +to say, even than the Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort. And +that is saying a great deal. In the brave and faithful words +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page317">[pg 317]</span><a name="Pg317" id="Pg317" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of Prebendary Scrivener (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 453),—words which +deserve to become famous,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It is no less true to fact than paradoxical in sound, that the +worst corruptions to which the New Testament has ever been +subjected, originated within a hundred years after it was composed: +that Irenæus [</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> 150], and the African Fathers, and +the whole Western, with a portion of the Syrian Church, used +far inferior manuscripts to those employed by Stunica, or +Erasmus, or Stephens thirteen centuries later, when moulding +the Textus Receptus.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א are, demonstrably, nothing else but +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">specimens of the depraved class thus characterized</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Next—(2), We assert that, so manifest are the disfigurements +jointly and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exclusively</span></em> exhibited by codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א,<a id="noteref_741" name="noteref_741" href="#note_741"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">741</span></span></a> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page318">[pg 318]</span><a name="Pg318" id="Pg318" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that instead of accepting these codices as two <span class="tei tei-q">“independent”</span> +Witnesses to the inspired Original, we are constrained to +regard them as little more than a single reproduction of one +and the same scandalously corrupt and (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">comparatively</span></em>) late +Copy. By consequence, we consider their joint and exclusive +attestation of any particular reading, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an unique criterion</span></em>”</span> +of its worthlessness; a sufficient reason—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> for adopting, +but—for unceremoniously rejecting it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then—(3), As for the origin of these two curiosities, it can +perforce only be divined from their contents. That they +exhibit fabricated Texts is demonstrable. No amount of +honest <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">copying</span></em>,—persevered in for any number of centuries,—could +by possibility have resulted in two such documents. +Separated from one another in actual date by 50, perhaps by +100 years,<a id="noteref_742" name="noteref_742" href="#note_742"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">742</span></span></a> they must needs have branched off from a +common corrupt ancestor, and straightway become exposed +continuously to fresh depraving influences. The result is, +that codex א, (which evidently has gone through more adventures +and fallen into worse company than his rival,) has +been corrupted to a far graver extent than codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page319">[pg 319]</span><a name="Pg319" id="Pg319" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +even more untrustworthy. Thus, whereas (in the Gospels +alone) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> has 589 Readings <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quite peculiar to itself</span></em>, affecting +858 words,—א has 1460 such Readings, affecting 2640 words. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +One <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">solid fact</span></em> like the preceding, (let it be pointed out +in passing,) is more helpful by far to one who would form +a correct estimate of the value of a Codex, than any number +of such <span class="tei tei-q">“reckless and unverified assertions,”</span> not to say +peremptory and baseless decrees, as abound in the highly +imaginative pages of Drs. Westcott and Hort. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) Lastly,—We suspect that these two Manuscripts are +indebted for their preservation, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">solely to their ascertained evil +character</span></em>; which has occasioned that the one eventually +found its way, four centuries ago, to a forgotten shelf in the +Vatican library: while the other, after exercising the ingenuity +of several generations of critical Correctors, eventually +(viz. in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1844<a id="noteref_743" name="noteref_743" href="#note_743"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">743</span></span></a>) got deposited in the waste-paper basket +of the Convent at the foot of Mount Sinai. Had <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +been copies of average purity, they must long since have +shared the inevitable fate of books which are freely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">used</span></em> and +highly prized; namely, they would have fallen into decadence +and disappeared from sight. But in the meantime, behold, +their very Antiquity has come to be reckoned to their advantage; +and (strange to relate) is even considered to constitute +a sufficient reason why they should enjoy not merely extraordinary +consideration, but the actual surrender of the +critical judgment. Since 1831, Editors have vied with one +another in the fulsomeness of the homage they have paid to +these <span class="tei tei-q">“two false Witnesses,”</span>—for such <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em>, as the +concurrent testimony of Copies, Fathers and Versions abundantly +proves. Even superstitious reverence has been claimed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page320">[pg 320]</span><a name="Pg320" id="Pg320" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +for these two codices: and Drs. Westcott and Hort are so far +in advance of their predecessors in the servility of their +blind adulation, that they must be allowed to have easily +won the race. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LIV. With this,—so far as the Greek Text under review is +concerned,—we might, were we so minded, reasonably make +an end. We undertook to show that Drs. Westcott and +Hort, in the volumes before us, have built up an utterly +worthless Textual fabric; and we consider that we have +already sufficiently shown it. The Theory,—the Hypothesis +rather, on which their Text is founded, we have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrated</span></em> +to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simply absurd</span></em>. Remove that hypothesis, and a heap +of unsightly ruins is all that is left behind,—except indeed +astonishment (not unmingled with concern) at the simplicity +of its accomplished Authors. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Here then, we might leave off. But we are unwilling +so to leave the matter. Large consideration is due to +ordinary English Readers; who must perforce look on with +utter perplexity—not to say distress—at the strange spectacle +presented by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> Text (which is in the main <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Text of the +Revised English Version</span></em>) on the one hand,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> Review +of it, on the other:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) <span class="tei tei-q">“And pray, which of you am I to believe?”</span>—will +inevitably be, in homely English, the exclamation with which +not a few will lay down the present number of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly</span></span>.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I pretend to no learning. I am not prepared to +argue the question with you. But surely, the oldest Manuscript +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> be the purest! It even stands to reason: does +it not?—Then further, I admit that you <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seem</span></em> to have the +best of the argument so far; yet, since the three most famous +Editors of modern times are against you,—Lachmann, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page321">[pg 321]</span><a name="Pg321" id="Pg321" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Tregelles, Tischendorf,—excuse me if I suspect that you +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> be in the wrong, after all.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LV. With unfeigned humility, the Reviewer [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span>] proceeds +to explain the matter to his supposed Objector [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. O.</span></span>], +in briefest outline, as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“You are perfectly right. The oldest Manuscript +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> exhibit the purest text: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> be the most trustworthy. +But then, unfortunately, it happens that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we do not possess it</span></em>. +<span class="tei tei-q">‘The oldest Manuscript’</span> is lost. You speak, of course, of +the inspired Autographs. These, I say, have long since +disappeared.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. O.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“No, I meant to say that the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">oldest Manuscript +we possess</span></em>, if it be but a very ancient one, must needs be +the purest.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“O, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> is an entirely different proposition. Well, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">apart from experience</span></em>, the probability that the oldest copy +extant will prove the purest is, if you please, considerable. +Reflection will convince you however that it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but</span></em> a probability, +at the utmost: a probability based upon more than +one false assumption,—with which nevertheless you shall not +be troubled. But in fact it clearly does not by any means +follow that, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because</span></em> a MS. is very ancient, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> the Text, +which it exhibits will be very pure. That you may be +thoroughly convinced of this,—(and it is really impossible +for your mind to be too effectually disabused of a prepossession +which has fatally misled so many,)—you are invited to +enquire for a recent contribution to the learned French +publication indicated at the foot of this page,<a id="noteref_744" name="noteref_744" href="#note_744"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">744</span></span></a> in which is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page322">[pg 322]</span><a name="Pg322" id="Pg322" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +exhibited a fac-simile of 8 lines of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Medea</span></span> of Euripides +(ver. 5-12), written about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b.c.</span></span> 200 in small uncials (at +Alexandria probably,) on papyrus. Collated with any printed +copy, the verses, you will find, have been penned with +scandalous, with incredible inaccuracy. But on this head let +the learned Editor of the document in question be listened to, +rather than the present Reviewer:—</span> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">On voit que le texte du papyrus est hérissé des fautes les +plus graves. </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Le plus récent et le plus mauvais de nos manuscrits +d'Euripide vaut infiniment mieux que cette copie,—faite, il y a deux +mille ans, dans le pays où florissaient l'érudition hellénique et la +Critique des textes.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_745" name="noteref_745" href="#note_745"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">745</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 17.) +</span></div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page323">[pg 323]</span><a name="Pg323" id="Pg323" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why, the author of the foregoing remarks might have +been writing concerning Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. O.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Yes: but I want <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Christian</span></em> evidence. The +author of that scrap of papyrus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> have been an illiterate +slave. What if it should be a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">school-boy's exercise</span></em> which has +come down to us? The thing is not impossible.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Not <span class="tei tei-q">‘impossible’</span> certainly: but surely highly improbable. +However, let it drop. You insist on Christian +evidence. You shall have it. What think you then of the +following statement of a very ancient Father (Caius<a id="noteref_746" name="noteref_746" href="#note_746"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">746</span></span></a>) writing +against the heresy of Theodotus and others who denied the +Divinity of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>? He is bearing his testimony to the +liberties which had been freely taken with the Text of the +New Testament in his own time, viz. about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 175-200:—</span> +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The Divine Scriptures,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> he says, </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">these heretics have audaciously +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">corrupted</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">: ... laying violent hands upon them under +pretence of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">correcting</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> them. That I bring no false accusation, +any one who is disposed may easily convince himself. He has +but to collect the copies belonging to these persons severally; +then, to compare one with another; and he will discover that +their discrepancy is extraordinary. Those of Asclepiades, at all +events, will be found discordant from those of Theodotus. Now, +plenty of specimens of either sort are obtainable, inasmuch as +these men's disciples have industriously multiplied the (so-called) +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">corrected</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> copies of their respective teachers, which +are in reality nothing else but </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">corrupted</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> copies. With the +foregoing copies again, those of Hermophilus will be found +entirely at variance. As for the copies of Apollonides, they +even contradict one another. Nay, let any one compare the +fabricated text which these persons put forth in the first +instance, with that which exhibits their </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">latest</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> perversions of the +Truth, and he will discover that the disagreement between them +is even excessive.</span></span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page324">[pg 324]</span><a name="Pg324" id="Pg324" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Of the enormity of the offence of which these men have been +guilty, they must needs themselves be fully aware. Either they +do not believe that the Divine Scriptures are the utterance of +the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,—in which case they are to be regarded as +unbelievers: or else, they account themselves wiser than the +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">,—and what is that, but to have the faith of devils? +As for their denying their guilt, the thing is impossible, seeing +that the copies under discussion are their own actual handywork; +and they know full well that not such as these are the Scriptures +which they received at the hands of their catechetical teachers. +Else, let them produce the originals from which they made +their transcripts. Certain of them indeed have not even +condescended to falsify Scripture, but entirely reject Law and +Prophets alike.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_747" name="noteref_747" href="#note_747"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">747</span></span></a> +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Now, the foregoing statement is in a high decree suggestive. +For here is an orthodox Father <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the IInd century</span></em> +inviting attention to four well-known families of falsified +manuscripts of the Sacred Writings;—complaining of the +hopeless divergences which they exhibit (being not only +inconsistent with one another, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with themselves</span></em>);—and +insisting that such <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">corrected</span></em>, are nothing else but shamefully +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">corrupted</span></em> copies. He speaks of the phenomenon as being in +his day notorious: and appeals to Recensions, the very names +of whose authors—Theodotus, Asclepiades, Hermophilus, +Apollonides—have (all but the first) long since died out of +the Church's memory. You will allow therefore, (will you +not?), that by this time the claim of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">oldest existing copies</span></em> +of Scripture to be the purest, has been effectually disposed of. +For since there once prevailed such a multitude of corrupted +copies, we have no security whatever that the oldest of our +extant MSS. are not derived—remotely if not directly—from +some of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. O.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“But at all events the chances are even. Are +they not?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page325">[pg 325]</span><a name="Pg325" id="Pg325" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“By no means. A copy like codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, once <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recognized</span></em> +as belonging to a corrupt family,—once <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">known</span></em> to contain a +depraved exhibition of the Sacred Text,—was more likely by +far to remain unused, and so to escape destruction, than a +copy highly prized and in daily use.—As for Codex א, it +carries on its face its own effectual condemnation; aptly +illustrating the precept <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">fiat experimentum in corpore vili</span></span>. It +exhibits the efforts of many generations of men to restore +its Text,—(which, <span class="tei tei-q">‘as proceeding from the first scribe,’</span> is +admitted by one of its chief admirers to be <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">very rough</span></em>,<a id="noteref_748" name="noteref_748" href="#note_748"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">748</span></span></a>’</span>)—to +something like purity. <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">At least ten different Revisers</span></em>,’</span> +from the IVth to the XIIth century, are found to have tried +their hands upon it.<a id="noteref_749" name="noteref_749" href="#note_749"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">749</span></span></a>—Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, after having had <span class="tei tei-q">‘at least +three correctors very busily at work upon it’</span><a id="noteref_750" name="noteref_750" href="#note_750"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">750</span></span></a> (in the VIth +and IXth centuries), finally (in the XIIth) was fairly +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">obliterated</span></em>,—literally <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">scraped out</span></em>,—to make room for the +writings of a Syrian Father.—I am therefore led by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">à priori</span></span> +considerations to augur ill of the contents of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>. But +when I find them hopelessly at variance <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">among themselves</span></em>: +above all, when I find (1) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all other Manuscripts</span></em> of whatever +date,—(2) the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most ancient Versions</span></em>,—and (3), the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whole +body of the primitive Fathers</span></em>, decidedly opposed to them,—I +am (to speak plainly) at a loss to understand how any man +of sound understanding, acquainted with all the facts of the +case and accustomed to exact reasoning, can hesitate to +regard the unsupported (or the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">slenderly</span></em> supported) testimony +of one or other of them as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simply worthless</span></em>. The +craven homage which the foremost of the three habitually +receives at the hands of Drs. Westcott and Hort, I can only +describe as a weak superstition. It is something more than unreasonable. +It becomes even ridiculous.—Tischendorf's preference +(in his last edition) for the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">bêtises</span></span> of his own codex א, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page326">[pg 326]</span><a name="Pg326" id="Pg326" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +can only be defended on the plea of parental partiality. +But it is not on that account the less foolish. His <span class="tei tei-q">‘exaggerated +preference for the single manuscript which he had +the good fortune to discover, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has betrayed him</span></em>’</span>—(in the +opinion of Bishop Ellicott)—<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">into an almost child-like +infirmity of critical judgment</span></em>’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_751" name="noteref_751" href="#note_751"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">751</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">O. S.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Well but,—be all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> as it may,—Caius, remember, +is speaking of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heretical</span></em> writers. When I said <span class="tei tei-q">‘I +want Christian evidence,’</span> I meant <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">orthodox</span></em> evidence, of +course. You would not assert (would you?) that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +exhibit traces of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">heretical</span></em> depravation?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Reserving my opinion on that last head, good Sir, +and determined to enjoy the pleasure of your company on +any reasonable terms,—(for convince you, I both can and +will, though you prolong the present discussion till tomorrow +morning,)—I have to ask a little favour of you: +viz. that you will bear me company in an imaginary expedition.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I request that the clock of history may be put back seventeen +hundred years. This is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 183, if you please: and—(indulge +me in the supposition!)—you and I are walking +in Alexandria. We have reached the house of one Clemens,—a +learned Athenian, who has long been a resident here. +Let us step into his library,—he is from home. What a +queer place! See, he has been reading his Bible, which is +open at S. Mark x. Is it not a well-used copy? It must be +at least 50 or 60 years old. Well, but suppose only 30 or 40. +It was executed therefore <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">within fifty years of the death of +S. John the Evangelist</span></em>. Come, let us transcribe two of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page327">[pg 327]</span><a name="Pg327" id="Pg327" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +columns<a id="noteref_752" name="noteref_752" href="#note_752"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">752</span></span></a> (σελίδες) as faithfully as we possibly can, and be +off.... We are back in England again, and the clock has +been put right. Now let us sit down and examine our +curiosity at leisure.<a id="noteref_753" name="noteref_753" href="#note_753"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">753</span></span></a>... It proves on inspection to be a +transcript of the 15 verses (ver. 17 to ver. 31) which relate +to the coming of the rich young Ruler to our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We make a surprising discovery. There are but 297 +words in those 15 verses,—according to the traditional Text: +of which, in the copy which belonged to Clemens Alexandrinus, +39 prove to have been left out: 11 words are added: +22, substituted: 27, transposed: 13, varied; and the phrase +has been altered at least 8 times. Now, 112 words out of a +total of 297, is 38 per cent. What do you think of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. O.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Think? O but, I disallow your entire proceeding! +You have no business to collate with <span class="tei tei-q">‘a text of late +and degenerate type, such as is the Received Text of the +New Testament.’</span> When <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">‘is taken as a standard, any +document belonging to a purer stage of the Text must by the +nature of the case have the appearance of being guilty of +omissions: and the nearer the document stands to the autograph, +the more numerous must be the omissions laid to its +charge.’</span> I learnt that from Westcott and Hort. See page +235 of their luminous <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Be it so! Collate the passage then for yourself +with the Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort: which, (remember!) +aspires to reproduce <span class="tei tei-q">‘the autographs themselves’</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">‘with the utmost exactness which the evidence permits’</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page328">[pg 328]</span><a name="Pg328" id="Pg328" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(pp. 288 and 289).<a id="noteref_754" name="noteref_754" href="#note_754"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">754</span></span></a> You will find that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> time the words +omitted amount to 44. The words added are 13: the words +substituted, 23: the words transposed, 34: the words varied +16. And the phrase has been altered 9 times at least. But, +130 on a total of 297, is 44 per cent. You will also bear in +mind that Clement of Alexandria is one of our principal +authorities for the Text of the Ante-Nicene period.<a id="noteref_755" name="noteref_755" href="#note_755"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">755</span></span></a></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And thus, I venture to presume, the imagination has been +at last effectually disposed of, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because</span></em> Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +are the two oldest Greek copies in existence, the Text +exhibited by either must <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> be the purest Text which +is anywhere to be met with. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">It is impossible to produce a +fouler exhibition of S. Mark x. 17-31 than is contained in +a document full two centuries older than either </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> or א,—itself +the property of one of the most famous of the ante-Nicene +Fathers.</span></em>”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LVI.—(7) At this stage of the argument, the Reviewer +finds himself taken aside by a friendly Critic [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span>], and +privately remonstrated with somewhat as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Do you consider, Sir, what it is you are about? +Surely, you have been proving a vast deal too much! If +the foregoing be a fair sample of the Text of the N. T. with +which Clemens Alex. was best acquainted, it is plain that +the testimony to the Truth of Scripture borne by one of the +most ancient and most famous of the Fathers, is absolutely +worthless. Is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> your own deliberate conviction or not?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Finish what you have to say, Sir. After that, you +shall have a full reply.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page329">[pg 329]</span><a name="Pg329" id="Pg329" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(8) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Well then. Pray understand, I nothing doubt +that in your main contention you are right; but I yet +cannot help thinking that this bringing in of a famous +ancient Father—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">obiter</span></span>—is a very damaging proceeding. +What else is such an elaborate exposure of the badness of +the Text which Clemens (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150) employed, but the hopeless +perplexing of a question which was already sufficiently +thorny and difficult? You have, as it seems to me, imported +into these 15 verses an entirely fresh crop of <span class="tei tei-q">‘Various Readings.’</span> +Do you seriously propose them as a contribution +towards ascertaining the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ipsissima verba</span></span> of the Evangelist,—the +true text of S. Mark x. 17-31?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Come back, if you please, Sir, to the company. +Fully appreciating the friendly spirit in which you just now +drew me aside, I yet insist on so making my reply that all +the world shall hear it. Forgive my plainness: but you are +evidently profoundly unacquainted with the problem before +you,—in which however you do not by any means enjoy the +distinction of standing alone.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The foulness of a Text which must have been penned +within 70 or 80 years of the death of the last of the Evangelists, +is a matter of fact—which must be loyally accepted, +and made the best of. The phenomenon is surprising certainly; +and may well be a warning to all who (like Dr. +Tregelles) regard as oracular the solitary unsupported dicta +of a Writer,—provided only he can claim to have lived in +the IInd or IIIrd century. To myself it occasions no +sort of inconvenience. You are to be told that the exorbitances +of a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">single</span></em> Father,—as Clemens; a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">single</span></em> Version,—as +the Egyptian: a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">single</span></em> Copy,—as cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, are of no manner +of significancy or use, except as warnings: are of no manner +of interest, except as illustrating the depravation which +systematically assailed the written Word in the age which +immediately succeeded the Apostolic: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are, in fact, of no +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page330">[pg 330]</span><a name="Pg330" id="Pg330" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +importance whatever</span></em>. To make them the basis of an induction +is preposterous. It is not allowable to infer the universal +from the particular. If the bones of Goliath were to be +discovered to-morrow, would you propose as an induction +therefrom that it was the fashion to wear four-and-twenty +fingers and toes on one's hands and feet in the days of the +giant of Gath? All the wild readings of the lost Codex +before us may be unceremoniously dismissed. The critical +importance and value of this stray leaf from a long-since-vanished +Copy is entirely different, and remains to be +explained.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are to remember then,—perhaps you have yet to +learn,—that there are but 25 occasions in the course of these +15 verses, on which either Lachmann (L.), or Tischendorf +(T.), or Tregelles (Tr.), or Westcott and Hort (W. H.), or our +Revisionists (R. T.), advocate a departure from the Traditional +Text. To those 25 places therefore our attention is +now to be directed,—on them, our eyes are to be riveted,—exclusively. +And the first thing which strikes us as worthy +of notice is, that the 5 authorities above specified fall into no +fewer than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twelve</span></em> distinct combinations in their advocacy of +certain of those 25 readings: holding all 5 together <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only 4 +times</span></em>.<a id="noteref_756" name="noteref_756" href="#note_756"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">756</span></span></a> The one question of interest therefore which arises, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page331">[pg 331]</span><a name="Pg331" id="Pg331" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is this,—What amount of sanction do any of them experience +at the hands of Clemens Alexandrinus?</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I answer,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Only on 3 occasions does he agree with any of +them.</span></em><a id="noteref_757" name="noteref_757" href="#note_757"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">757</span></span></a> The result of a careful analysis shows further that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he +sides with the Traditional Text</span></em> 17 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">times:—witnessing against +Lachmann, 9 times: against Tischendorf, 10 times: against +Tregelles, 11 times: against Westcott and Hort, 12 times.</span><a id="noteref_758" name="noteref_758" href="#note_758"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">758</span></span></a></em></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“So far therefore from admitting that <span class="tei tei-q">‘the Testimony of +Clemens Al.—one of the most ancient and most famous of +the Fathers—is absolutely worthless,’</span>—I have proved it to +be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of very great value</span></em>. Instead of <span class="tei tei-q">‘hopelessly perplexing +the question,’</span> his Evidence is found to have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simplified +matters considerably</span></em>. So far from <span class="tei tei-q">‘importing into these +15 verses a fresh crop of Various Readings,’</span> he has <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">helped +us to get rid of no less than</span></em> 17 of the existing ones.... +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Damaging’</span> his evidence has certainly proved: but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only to +Lachmann</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Tischendorf</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Tregelles</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Westcott and Hort and our +ill-starred Revisionists</span></em>. And yet it remains undeniably true, +that <span class="tei tei-q">‘it is impossible to produce a fouler exhibition of +S. Mark x. 17-31 than is met with in a document full two +centuries older than either <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or א,—the property of one of +the most famous of the Fathers.’</span><a id="noteref_759" name="noteref_759" href="#note_759"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">759</span></span></a> ... Have you anything +further to ask?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(9) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“I should certainly like, in conclusion, to be informed +whether we are to infer that the nearer we approach +to the date of the sacred Autographs, the more corrupt we +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page332">[pg 332]</span><a name="Pg332" id="Pg332" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +shall find the copies. For, if so, pray—Where and when did +purity of Text begin?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“You are not at liberty, logically, to draw any such +inference from the premisses. The purest documents of all +existed perforce in the first century: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> have then existed. +The spring is perforce purest at its source. My whole contention +has been, and is,—That there is nothing at all +unreasonable in the supposition that two stray copies of the +IVth century,—coming down to our own times without a +history and without a character,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> exhibit a thoroughly +depraved text. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">More</span></em> than this does not follow lawfully +from the premisses. At the outset, remember, you delivered +it as your opinion that <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the oldest Manuscript we possess, if it +be but a very ancient one, must needs be the purest</span></em>.’</span> I asserted, +in reply, that <span class="tei tei-q">‘it does not by any means follow, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because</span></em> a +manuscript is very ancient, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> its text will be +very pure’</span> (p. <a href="#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref">321</a>); and all that I have been since saying, +has but had for its object to prove the truth of my assertion. +Facts have been incidentally elicited, I admit, calculated to +inspire distrust, rather than confidence, in very ancient documents +generally. But I am neither responsible for these +facts; nor for the inferences suggested by them.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“At all events, I have to request that you will not carry +away so entirely erroneous a notion as that I am the +advocate for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Recent</span></em>, in preference to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancient</span></em>, Evidence concerning +the Text of Scripture. Be so obliging as not to +say concerning me that I <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">count</span></em>’</span> instead of <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">weighing</span></em>’</span> my +witnesses. If you have attended to the foregoing pages, and +have understood them, you must by this time be aware that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in every instance</span></em> it is to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Antiquity</span></span> that I persistently make +my appeal. I abide by its sentence, and I require that you +shall do the same.</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page333">[pg 333]</span><a name="Pg333" id="Pg333" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You and your friends, on the contrary, reject <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Testimony +of Antiquity</span></em>. You set up, instead, some idol of your +own. Thus, Tregelles worshipped <span class="tei tei-q">‘codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>.’</span> But <span class="tei tei-q">‘codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>’</span> +is not <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity’</span>!—Tischendorf assigned the place of +honour to <span class="tei tei-q">‘codex א.’</span> But once more, <span class="tei tei-q">‘codex א’</span> is not +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity’</span>!—You rejoice in the decrees of the VIth-century-codex +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,—and of the VIIIth-century-codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>,—and of the +Xth, XIth, and XIVth century codices, 1, 33, 69. But will +you venture to tell me that any of these are <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity’</span>? +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Samples</span></em> of Antiquity, at best, are any of these. No more! +But then, it is demonstrable that they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unfair</span></em> samples. +Why are you regardless of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all other</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>?—So, with respect +to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>. You single out one or two,—the +one or two which suit your purpose; and you are for +rejecting all the rest. But, once more,—The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Coptic</span></em> version +is not <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity,’</span>—neither is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Origen</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">‘Antiquity.’</span> The +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></em> Version is a full set-off against the former,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Irenæus</span></em> +more than counterbalances the latter. Whatever is found in +one of these ancient authorities must confessedly be <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">an</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q">‘ancient Reading:’</span> but it does not therefore follow that it is +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the</span></span> ancient Reading of the place. Now, it is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ancient +Reading</span></em>, of which we are always in search. And he who +sincerely desires to ascertain what actually is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Witness of +Antiquity</span></em>,—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span>, what is the prevailing testimony of all +the oldest documents,)—will begin by casting his prejudices +and his predilections to the winds, and will devote himself +conscientiously to an impartial survey of the whole field +of Evidence.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Well but,—you have once and again admitted that +the phenomena before us are extraordinary. Are you able to +explain how it comes to pass that such an one as Clemens +Alexandrinus employed such a scandalously corrupt copy of +the Gospels as we have been considering?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page334">[pg 334]</span><a name="Pg334" id="Pg334" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“You are quite at liberty to ask me any question you +choose. And I, for my own part, am willing to return you +the best answer I am able. You will please to remember +however, that the phenomena will remain,—however infelicitous +my attempts to explain them may seem to yourself. +My view of the matter then—(think what you will about +it!)—is as follows:—</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LVII. <span class="tei tei-q">“Vanquished by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the word</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Incarnate</span></em>, Satan next +directed his subtle malice against <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Word written</span></em>. Hence, +as I think,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hence</span></em> the extraordinary fate which befel certain +early transcripts of the Gospel. First, heretical assailants of +Christianity,—then, orthodox defenders of the Truth,—lastly +and above all, self-constituted Critics, who (like +Dr. Hort) imagined themselves at liberty to resort to +<span class="tei tei-q">‘instinctive processes’</span> of Criticism; and who, at first as +well as <span class="tei tei-q">‘at last,’</span> freely made their appeal <span class="tei tei-q">‘to the individual +mind:’</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such</span></em> were the corrupting influences which +were actively at work throughout the first hundred and fifty +years after the death of S. John the Divine. Profane literature +has never known anything approaching to it,—can +show nothing at all like it. Satan's arts were defeated +indeed through the Church's faithfulness, because,—(the +good Providence of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> had so willed it,)—the perpetual +multiplication, in every quarter, of copies required for +Ecclesiastical use,—not to say the solicitude of faithful men +in diverse regions of ancient Christendom to retain for +themselves unadulterated specimens of the inspired Text,—proved +a sufficient safeguard against the grosser forms of +corruption. But this was not all.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Church, remember, hath been from the beginning +the <span class="tei tei-q">‘Witness and Keeper of Holy Writ.’</span><a id="noteref_760" name="noteref_760" href="#note_760"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">760</span></span></a> Did not her +Divine Author pour out upon her, in largest measure, <span class="tei tei-q">‘the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page335">[pg 335]</span><a name="Pg335" id="Pg335" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span> of Truth;’</span> and pledge Himself that it should be that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit's</span></span> special function to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-q">‘guide’</span><span style="font-style: italic"> her children </span><span class="tei tei-q">‘into all the +Truth’</span></em><a id="noteref_761" name="noteref_761" href="#note_761"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">761</span></span></a>?... That by a perpetual miracle, Sacred Manuscripts +would be protected all down the ages against depraving +influences of whatever sort,—was not to have been expected; +certainly, was never promised. But the Church, in her +collective capacity, hath nevertheless—as a matter of fact—been +perpetually purging herself of those shamefully depraved +copies which once everywhere abounded within her +pale: retaining only such an amount of discrepancy in her +Text as might serve to remind her children that they carry +their <span class="tei tei-q">‘treasure in earthen vessels,’</span>—as well as to stimulate +them to perpetual watchfulness and solicitude for the purity +and integrity of the Deposit. Never, however, up to the +present hour, hath there been any complete eradication of +all traces of the attempted mischief,—any absolute getting +rid of every depraved copy extant. These are found to have +lingered on anciently in many quarters. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">A few such copies +linger on to the present day.</span></em> The wounds were healed, but +the scars remained,—nay, the scars are discernible still.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What, in the meantime, is to be thought of those blind +guides—those deluded ones—who would now, if they could, +persuade us to go back to those same codices of which the +Church hath already purged herself? to go back in quest of +those very Readings which, 15 or 1600 years ago, the Church +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in all lands</span></em> is found to have rejected with loathing? Verily, +it is <span class="tei tei-q">‘happening unto them according to the true proverb’</span>—which +S. Peter sets down in his 2nd Epistle,—chapter ii. +verse 22. To proceed however.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“As for Clemens,—he lived at the very time and in the +very country where the mischief referred to was most rife. +For full two centuries after his era, heretical works were so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page336">[pg 336]</span><a name="Pg336" id="Pg336" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +industriously multiplied, that in a diocese consisting of 800 +parishes (viz. Cyrus in Syria), the Bishop (viz. Theodoret, +who was appointed in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 423,) complains that he found +no less than 200 copies of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diatessaron</span></span> of Tatian the +heretic,—(Tatian's date being <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 173,)—honourably preserved +in the Churches of his (Theodoret's) diocese, and +mistaken by the orthodox for an authentic performance.<a id="noteref_762" name="noteref_762" href="#note_762"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">762</span></span></a> +Clemens moreover would seem to have been a trifle too +familiar with the works of Basilides, Marcion, Valentinus, +Heracleon, and the rest of the Gnostic crew. He habitually +mistakes apocryphal writings for inspired Scripture:<a id="noteref_763" name="noteref_763" href="#note_763"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">763</span></span></a> and—with +corrupted copies always at hand and before him—he +is just the man to present us with a quotation like the +present, and straightway to volunteer the assurance that he +found it <span class="tei tei-q">‘so written in the Gospel according to S. Mark.’</span><a id="noteref_764" name="noteref_764" href="#note_764"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">764</span></span></a> +The archetype of Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א,—especially the archetype +from which Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> was copied,—is discovered to have experienced +adulteration largely from the same pestilential source +which must have corrupted the copies with which Clement +(and his pupil Origen after him) were most familiar.—And +thus you have explained to you the reason of the disgust and +indignation with which I behold in these last days a resolute +attempt made to revive and to palm off upon an unlearned +generation the old exploded errors, under the pretence that +they are the inspired Verity itself,—providentially recovered +from a neglected shelf in the Vatican,—rescued from destruction +by a chance visitor to Mount Sinai.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. C.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Will you then, in conclusion, tell us how <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> +would have us proceed in order to ascertain the Truth of +Scripture?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page337">[pg 337]</span><a name="Pg337" id="Pg337" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“To answer that question fully would require a +considerable Treatise. I will not, however, withhold a +slight outline of what I conceive to be the only safe +method of procedure. I could but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fill up</span></em> that outline, and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">illustrate</span></em> that method, even if I had 500 pages at my +disposal.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LVIII. <span class="tei tei-q">“On first seriously applying ourselves to these +studies, many years ago, we found it wondrous difficult to +divest ourselves of prepossessions very like your own. Turn +which way we would, we were encountered by the same +confident terminology:—<span class="tei tei-q">‘the best documents,’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘primary +manuscripts,’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘first-rate authorities,’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘primitive evidence,’</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">‘ancient +readings,’</span>—and so forth: and we found that thereby +cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>—were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invariably and exclusively meant</span></em>. +It was not until we had laboriously collated these documents +(including א) for ourselves, that we became aware of their +true character. Long before coming to the end of our task +(and it occupied us, off and on, for eight years) we had +become convinced that the supposed <span class="tei tei-q">‘best documents’</span> and +<span class="tei tei-q">‘first-rate authorities’</span> are in reality among <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the worst</span></em>:—that +these Copies deserve to be called <span class="tei tei-q">‘primary,’</span> only because in +any enumeration of manuscripts, they stand foremost;—and +that their <span class="tei tei-q">‘Evidence,’</span> whether <span class="tei tei-q">‘primitive’</span> or not, is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contradictory</span></em> +throughout.—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">All</span></em> Readings, lastly, we discovered are +<span class="tei tei-q">‘ancient.’</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A diligent inspection of a vast number of later Copies +scattered throughout the principal libraries of Europe, and +the exact Collation of a few, further convinced us that the +deference generally claimed for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, א, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is nothing else but +a weak superstition and a vulgar error:—that the date of a +MS. is not of its essence, but is a mere accident of the +problem:—and that later Copies, so far from <span class="tei tei-q">‘crumbling +down salient points, softening irregularities, conforming +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page338">[pg 338]</span><a name="Pg338" id="Pg338" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +differences,’</span><a id="noteref_765" name="noteref_765" href="#note_765"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">765</span></span></a> and so forth,—on countless occasions, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and as a +rule</span></em>,—preserve those delicate lineaments and minute refinements +which the <span class="tei tei-q">‘old uncials’</span> are constantly observed to +obliterate. And so, rising to a systematic survey of the +entire field of Evidence, we found reason to suspect more and +more the soundness of the conclusions at which Lachmann, +Tregelles, and Tischendorf had arrived: while we seemed +led, as if by the hand, to discern plain indications of the +existence for ourselves of a far <span class="tei tei-q">‘more excellent way.’</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LIX. <span class="tei tei-q">“For, let the ample and highly complex provision +which Divine Wisdom hath made for the effectual conservation +of that crowning master-piece of His own creative skill,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The +Written Word</span></span>,—be duly considered; and surely a +recoil is inevitable from the strange perversity which in +these last days would shut us up within the limits of a very +few documents to the neglect of all the rest,—as though a +revelation from Heaven had proclaimed that the Truth is to +be found exclusively in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them</span></em>. The good Providence of the +Author of Scripture is discovered to have furnished His +household, the Church, with (speaking roughly) 1000 copies +of the Gospels:—with twenty Versions—two of which go +back to the beginning of Christianity: and with the writings +of a host of ancient Fathers. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> out of those 1000 MSS. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> should be singled out by Drs. Westcott and Hort for +special favour,—to the practical disregard of all the rest: +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> Versions and Fathers should by them be similarly dealt +with,—should be practically set aside in fact in the lump,—we +fail to discover. Certainly the pleas urged by the learned +Editors<a id="noteref_766" name="noteref_766" href="#note_766"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">766</span></span></a> can appear satisfactory to no one but to themselves.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LX. <span class="tei tei-q">“For our method then,—It is the direct contradictory +to that adopted by the two Cambridge Professors. Moreover, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page339">[pg 339]</span><a name="Pg339" id="Pg339" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +it conducts us throughout to directly opposite results. We +hold it to be even axiomatic that a Reading which is supported +by only one document,—out of the 1100 (more or +less) already specified,—whether that solitary unit be a +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Version</span></span>, or a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copy</span></span>,—stands self-condemned; +may be dismissed at once, without concern or enquiry.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Nor is the case materially altered if (as generally happens) +a few colleagues of bad character are observed to side with +the else solitary document. Associated with the corrupt <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, +is often found the more corrupt א. Nay, six leaves of א are +confidently declared by Tischendorf to have been written by +the scribe of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. The sympathy between these two, and the +Version of Lower Egypt, is even notorious. That Origen +should sometimes join the conspiracy,—and that the same +Reading should find allies in certain copies of the unrevised +Latin, or perhaps in Cureton's Syriac:—all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> we deem the +reverse of encouraging. The attesting witnesses are, in our +account, of so suspicious a character, that the Reading cannot +be allowed. On such occasions, we are reminded that there +is truth in Dr. Hort's dictum concerning the importance +of noting the tendency of certain documents to fall into +<span class="tei tei-q">‘groups:’</span> though his assertion that <span class="tei tei-q">‘it cannot be too often +repeated that the study of grouping is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the foundation of all +enduring Criticism</span></em>,’</span><a id="noteref_767" name="noteref_767" href="#note_767"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">767</span></span></a> we hold to be as absurd as it is untrue.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXI. <span class="tei tei-q">“So far negatively.—A safer, the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> trustworthy +method, in fact, of ascertaining the Truth of Scripture, we hold +to be the method which,—without prejudice or partiality,—simply +ascertains <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">which form of the text enjoys the +earliest, the fullest, the widest, the most respectable, +and</span></span>—above all things—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the most varied attestation</span></span>. That +a Reading should be freely recognized alike by the earliest +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page340">[pg 340]</span><a name="Pg340" id="Pg340" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and by the latest available evidence,—we hold to be a prime +circumstance in its favour. That Copies, Versions, and Fathers, +should all three concur in sanctioning it,—we hold to be even +more conclusive. If several Fathers, living in different parts +of ancient Christendom, are all observed to recognize the +words, or to quote them in the same way,—we have met with +all the additional confirmation we ordinarily require. Let +it only be further discoverable <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">how</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> the rival Reading +came into existence, and our confidence becomes absolute.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXII. <span class="tei tei-q">“An instance which we furnished in detail in a +former article,<a id="noteref_768" name="noteref_768" href="#note_768"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">768</span></span></a> may be conveniently appealed to in illustration +of what goes before. Our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">‘Agony and bloody +sweat,’</span>—first mentioned by Justin Martyr (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150), is +found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">set down in every MS. in the world except four</span></em>. It is +duly exhibited <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by every known Version</span></em>. It is recognized by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">upwards of forty famous Fathers</span></em> writing without concert +in remote parts of ancient Christendom. Whether therefore +Antiquity,—Variety of testimony,—Respectability of +witnesses,—or Number,—is considered, the evidence in +favour of S. Luke xxii. 43, 44 is simply overwhelming. +And yet out of superstitious deference to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> Copies of +bad character, Drs. Westcott and Hort (followed by the +Revisionists) set the brand of spuriousness on those 26 +precious words; professing themselves <span class="tei tei-q">‘morally certain’</span> +that this is nothing else but a <span class="tei tei-q">‘Western Interpolation:’</span> +whereas, mistaken zeal for the honour of Incarnate <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jehovah</span></span> +alone occasioned the suppression of these two verses in a +few early manuscripts. This has been explained already,—namely, +in the middle of page <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref">82</a>.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXIII. <span class="tei tei-q">“Only one other instance shall be cited. The +traditional reading of S. Luke ii. 14 is vouched for by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page341">[pg 341]</span><a name="Pg341" id="Pg341" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +known copy of the Gospels but four</span></em>—3 of which are of extremely +bad character, viz. א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>. The Versions are divided: but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> +the Fathers: of whom <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more than forty-seven</span></em> from every part +of ancient Christendom,—(Syria, Palestine, Alexandria, Asia +Minor, Cyprus, Crete, Gaul,)—come back to attest that the +traditional reading (as usual) is the true one. Yet such is +the infatuation of the new school, that Drs. Westcott and +Hort are content to make <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nonsense</span></em> of the Angelic Hymn on +the night of the Nativity, rather than admit the possibility +of complicity in error in א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d</span></span>: error in respect of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a single +letter!</span></em>... The Reader is invited to refer to what has +already been offered on this subject, from p. <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref">41</a> to p. 47.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXIV. <span class="tei tei-q">“It will be perceived therefore that the method +we plead for consists merely in a loyal recognition of the whole +of the Evidence: setting off one authority against another, +laboriously and impartially; and adjudicating fairly between +them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em>. Even so hopelessly corrupt a document as Clement +of Alexandria's copy of the Gospels proves to have been—(described +at pp. <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref">326-31</a>)—is by no means without critical +value. Servilely followed, it would confessedly land us in +hopeless error: but, judiciously employed, as a set-off against +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">other</span></em> evidence; regarded rather as a check upon the exorbitances +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">other</span></em> foul documents, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> and especially <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>); +resorted to as a protection against the prejudice and caprice of +modern Critics;—that venerable document, with all its faults, +proves invaluable. Thus, in spite of its own aberrations, it +witnesses to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the truth of the Traditional Text</span></em> of S. Mark x. +17-31—(the place of Scripture above referred to<a id="noteref_769" name="noteref_769" href="#note_769"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">769</span></span></a>)—in several +important particulars; siding with it against Lachmann, +9 times;—against Tischendorf, 10 times;—against Tregelles, +11 times;—against Westcott and Hort, 12 times.</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page342">[pg 342]</span><a name="Pg342" id="Pg342" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We deem this laborious method the only true method, +in our present state of imperfect knowledge: the method, +namely, of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">adopting that Reading which has the fullest, the +widest, and the most varied attestation. Antiquity, and Respectability +of Witnesses,</span></em> are thus secured. How men can persuade +themselves that 19 Copies out of every 20 may +be safely disregarded, if they be but written in minuscule +characters,—we fail to understand. To ourselves it seems +simply an irrational proceeding. But indeed we hold this to +be no <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seeming</span></em> truth. The fact is absolutely demonstrable. +As for building up a Text, (as Drs. Westcott and Hort have +done,) with special superstitious deference to a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">single codex,</span></em>—we +deem it about as reasonable as would be the attempt to +build up a pyramid from its apex; in the expectation that +it would stand firm on its extremity, and remain horizontal +for ever.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus much in reply to our supposed Questioner. We +have now reached the end of a prolonged discussion, which +began at page <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref">320</a>; more immediately, at page <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref">337</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXV. In the meantime, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a pyramid balanced on its apex</span></em> +proves to be no unapt image of the Textual theory of Drs. Westcott +and Hort. When we reach the end of their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> +we find we have reached the point to which all that went +before has been evidently converging: but we make the further +awkward discovery that it is the point on which all that +went before absolutely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">depends</span></em> also. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Apart from</span></em> codex +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, +the present theory could have no existence. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But for</span></em> codex +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, +it would never have been excogitated. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">On</span></em> codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, it +entirely rests. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Out of</span></em> codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, it has <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entirely sprung.</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Take away this one codex, and Dr. Hort's volume becomes +absolutely without coherence, purpose, meaning. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">One-fifth</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page343">[pg 343]</span><a name="Pg343" id="Pg343" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of it<a id="noteref_770" name="noteref_770" href="#note_770"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">770</span></span></a> is devoted to remarks on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א. The fable of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em> text”</span> is invented solely for the glorification of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and +א,—which are claimed, of course, to be <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Pre</span></em>-Syrian.”</span> This +fills 40 pages more.<a id="noteref_771" name="noteref_771" href="#note_771"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">771</span></span></a> And thus it would appear that the +Truth of Scripture has run a very narrow risk of being lost +for ever to mankind. Dr. Hort contends that it more than +half lay <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">perdu</span></span> on a forgotten shelf in the Vatican Library;—Dr. +Tischendorf, that it had been deposited in a waste-paper +basket<a id="noteref_772" name="noteref_772" href="#note_772"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">772</span></span></a> in the convent of S. Catharine at the foot of Mount +Sinai,—from which he rescued it on the 4th February, 1859:—neither, +we venture to think, a very likely circumstance. +We incline to believe that the Author of Scripture hath not +by any means shown Himself so unmindful of the safety of +the Deposit, as these distinguished gentlemen imagine. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Are we asked for the ground of our opinion? We point +without hesitation to the 998 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span> which remain: to the +many ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>: to the many venerable <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any +one</span></em> of whom we hold to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a more trustworthy authority</span></em> +for the Text of Scripture, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">when he speaks out plainly,</span></em> than +either Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or Codex א,—aye, or than both of them put +together. Behold, (we say,) the abundant provision which +the All-wise One hath made for the safety of the Deposit: +the <span class="tei tei-q">“threefold cord”</span> which <span class="tei tei-q">“is not quickly broken”</span>! We hope +to be forgiven if we add, (not without a little warmth,) that +we altogether wonder at the perversity, the infatuation, the +blindness,—which is prepared to make light of all these precious +helps, in order to magnify two of the most corrupt +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page344">[pg 344]</span><a name="Pg344" id="Pg344" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +codices in existence; and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, for no other reason but because, +(as Dr. Hort expresses it,) they <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">happen</span></em> likewise to be the +oldest extant Greek MSS. of the New Testament.”</span> (p. 212.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXVI. And yet, had what precedes been the sum of the +matter, we should for our own parts have been perfectly well +content to pass it by without a syllable of comment. So long +as nothing more is endangered than the personal reputation of +a couple of Scholars—at home or abroad—we can afford to +look on with indifference. Their private ventures are their +private concern. What excites our indignation is the spectacle +of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Church of England</span></em> becoming to some extent +involved in their discomfiture, because implicated in their +mistakes: dragged through the mire, to speak plainly, at the +chariot-wheels of these two infelicitous Doctors, and exposed +with them to the ridicule of educated Christendom. Our +Church has boasted till now of learned sons in abundance +within her pale, ready at a moment's notice to do her right: +to expose shallow sciolism, and to vindicate that precious +thing which hath been committed to her trust.<a id="noteref_773" name="noteref_773" href="#note_773"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">773</span></span></a> Where are +the men <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">now?</span></em> What has come to her, that, on the contrary, +certain of her own Bishops and Doctors have not scrupled to +enter into an irregular alliance with Sectarians,—yes, have +even taken into partnership with themselves one who openly +denies the eternal Godhead of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus Christ</span></span>,—in +order, as it would seem, to give proof to the world of the low +ebb to which Taste, Scholarship, and Sacred Learning have +sunk among us? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXVII. Worse yet. We are so distressed, because the true +sufferers after all by this ill-advised proceeding, are the +90 millions of English-speaking Christian folk scattered over +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page345">[pg 345]</span><a name="Pg345" id="Pg345" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the surface of the globe. These have had the title-deeds by +which they hold their priceless birthright, shamefully tampered +with. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> will venture to predict the amount of +mischief which must follow, if the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New Greek Text</span></em>”</span> which +has been put forth by the men who were appointed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to revise +the English Authorized Version,</span></em> should become used in our +Schools and in our Colleges,—should impose largely on the +Clergy of the Church of England?... But to return from +this, which however will scarcely be called a digression. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A pyramid poised on its apex then, we hold to be a fair +emblem of the Theory just now under review. Only, unfortunately, +its apex is found to be constructed of brick without +straw: say rather <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of straw—without brick.</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXVIII. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> such partiality has been evinced latterly +for Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, none of the Critics have yet been so good as to +explain; nor is it to be expected that, satisfactorily, any of +them ever will. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> again Tischendorf should have suddenly +transferred his allegiance from Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> to Cod. א,—unless, +to be sure, he was the sport of parental partiality,—must +also remain a riddle. If <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> of the <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> must +needs be taken as a guide,—(though we see no sufficient +reason why <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> should be appointed to lord it over the rest,)—we +should rather have expected that Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> would have been +selected,<a id="noteref_774" name="noteref_774" href="#note_774"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">774</span></span></a>—the text of which +<span class="tei tei-q">“Stands in broad contrast to those of either <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or א, though the +interval of years [between it and them] is probably small.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page346">[pg 346]</span><a name="Pg346" id="Pg346" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(p. 152.) <span class="tei tei-q">“By a curious and apparently unnoticed coincidence,”</span> +(proceeds Dr. Hort,) <span class="tei tei-q">“its Text in several books agrees with the +Latin Vulgate in so many peculiar readings devoid of old Latin +attestation, as to leave little doubt that a Greek MS. largely +employed by Jerome”</span>—[and why not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Greek copies</span></em> employed +by Jerome”</span>?]—<span class="tei tei-q">“in his Revision of the Latin version must have +had to a great extent a common original with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>.”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid</span></span>.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Behold a further claim of this copy on the respectful consideration +of the Critics! What would be thought of the +Alexandrian Codex, if some attestation were discoverable in +its pages that it actually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had belonged</span></em> to the learned Palestinian +father? According to Dr. Hort, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Apart from this individual affinity, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>—both in the Gospels +and elsewhere—may serve as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a fair example of the Manuscripts +that,</span></em> to judge by Patristic quotations, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were commonest in the IVth +century.</span></em>”</span>—(p. 152.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +O but, the evidence in favour of Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> thickens apace! +Suppose then,—(for, after this admission, the supposition is +at least allowable,)—suppose the discovery were made tomorrow +of half-a-score of codices of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">same date as Cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, +but exhibiting the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">same Text as Cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. What a complete +revolution would be thereby effected in men's minds on +Textual matters! How impossible would it be, henceforth, +for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and its henchman א, to obtain so much as a hearing! +Such <span class="tei tei-q">“an eleven”</span> would safely defy the world! And yet, +according to Dr. Hort, the supposition may any day become +a fact; for he informs us,—(and we are glad to be able for +once to declare that what he says is perfectly correct,)—that +such manuscripts once abounded or rather <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prevailed;</span></em>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">were +commonest</span></em> in the IVth century,”</span> when codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +were written. We presume that then, as now, such codices +prevailed universally, in the proportion of 99 to 1. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXIX. But—what need to say it?—we entirely disallow +any such narrowing of the platform which Divine Wisdom +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page347">[pg 347]</span><a name="Pg347" id="Pg347" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +hath willed should be at once very varied and very ample. +Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> is sometimes in error: sometimes even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conspires in +error exclusively with Cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. An instance occurs in 1 S. John +v. 18,—a difficult passage, which we the more willingly proceed +to remark upon, because the fact has transpired that it +is one of the few places in which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entire unanimity</span></em> prevailed +among the Revisionists,—who yet (as we shall show) have +been, one and all, mistaken in substituting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em>”</span> (αὐτόν) for +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">himself</span></em>”</span> (ἑαυτόν).... We venture to bespeak the Reader's +attention while we produce the passage in question, and briefly +examine it. He is assured that it exhibits a fair average +specimen of what has been the Revisionists' fatal method +in every page:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXX. S. John in his first Epistle (v. 18) is distinguishing +between the mere recipient of the new birth (ὁ ΓΕΝΝΗΘΕῚΣ +ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ),—and the man who retains the sanctifying +influences of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Spirit</span></span> which he received when he +became regenerate (ὁ ΓΕΓΕΝΝΗΜΈΝΟΣ ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ). The +latter (he says) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sinneth not</span></em>:”</span> the former, (he says,) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">keepeth +himself, and the Evil One toucheth him not</span></em>.”</span> So far, all is +intelligible. The nominative is the same in both cases. +Substitute however <span class="tei tei-q">“keepeth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></em> (αὐτόν),”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“keepeth <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">himself</span></em> +(ἑαυτόν),”</span> and (as Dr. Scrivener admits<a id="noteref_775" name="noteref_775" href="#note_775"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">775</span></span></a>), ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ +τοῦ Θεοῦ can be none other than the Only Begotten <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. And yet our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nowhere</span></em> in the New Testament +designated as ὁ γεννηθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ.<a id="noteref_776" name="noteref_776" href="#note_776"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">776</span></span></a> Alford accordingly +prefers to make nonsense of the place; which he translates,—<span class="tei tei-q">“he +that hath been begotten of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it keepeth him</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page348">[pg 348]</span><a name="Pg348" id="Pg348" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXI. Now, on every occasion like the present,—(instead +of tampering with the text, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as Dr. Hort and our Revisionists +have done without explanation or apology,</span></em>)—our safety will be +found to consist in enquiring,—But (1) What have the +Copies to say to this? (2) What have the Versions? and +(3) What, the Fathers?... The answer proves to be—(1) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">All the copies except three,</span></em><a id="noteref_777" name="noteref_777" href="#note_777"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">777</span></span></a> read <span class="tei tei-q">“himself.”</span>—(2) So do the +Syriac and the Latin;<a id="noteref_778" name="noteref_778" href="#note_778"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">778</span></span></a>—so do the Coptic, Sahidic, Georgian, +Armenian, and Æthiopic versions.<a id="noteref_779" name="noteref_779" href="#note_779"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">779</span></span></a>—(3) So, Origen clearly +thrice,<a id="noteref_780" name="noteref_780" href="#note_780"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">780</span></span></a>—Didymus clearly 4 times,<a id="noteref_781" name="noteref_781" href="#note_781"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">781</span></span></a>—Ephraem Syrus clearly +twice,<a id="noteref_782" name="noteref_782" href="#note_782"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">782</span></span></a>—Severus also twice,<a id="noteref_783" name="noteref_783" href="#note_783"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">783</span></span></a>—Theophylact expressly,<a id="noteref_784" name="noteref_784" href="#note_784"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">784</span></span></a>—and +Œcumenius.<a id="noteref_785" name="noteref_785" href="#note_785"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">785</span></span></a>—So, indeed, Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>; for the original Scribe is +found to have corrected himself.<a id="noteref_786" name="noteref_786" href="#note_786"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">786</span></span></a> The sum of the adverse +attestation therefore which prevailed with the Revisionists, +is found to have been—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and a single cursive copy</span></em> at +Moscow. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This does not certainly seem to the Reviewer, (as it seemed +to the Revisionists,) <span class="tei tei-q">“decidedly preponderating evidence.”</span> +In his account, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>”</span> dwells with their +Revision. But this may be because,—(to quote words recently +addressed by the President of the Revising body to the Clergy +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page349">[pg 349]</span><a name="Pg349" id="Pg349" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +and Laity of the Diocese of Gloucester and Bristol,)—the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Reviewer”</span> is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">innocently ignorant of the now +established principles of Textual Criticism.</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_787" name="noteref_787" href="#note_787"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">787</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXII. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is easy,”</span>—(says the learned Prelate, speaking +on his own behalf and that of his co-Revisionists,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“to put +forth to the world a sweeping condemnation of many of +our changes of reading; and yet all the while to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">innocently +ignorant of the now established principles of Textual Criticism.</span></em>”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +May we venture to point out, that it is easier still to +denounce adverse Criticism in the lump, instead of trying to +refute it in any one particular:—to refer vaguely to <span class="tei tei-q">“established +principles of Textual Criticism,”</span> instead of stating +which they be:—to sneer contemptuously at endeavours, +(which, even if unsuccessful, one is apt to suppose are +entitled to sympathy at the hands of a successor of the +Apostles,) instead of showing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wherein</span></em> such efforts are reprehensible? +We are content to put the following question to +any fair-minded man:—Whether of these two is the more +facile and culpable proceeding;—(1) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lightly to blot out an +inspired word from the Book of Life, and to impose a wrong +sense on Scripture</span></em>, as in this place the Bishop and his colleagues +are found to have done:—or, (2) To fetch the same +word industriously back: to establish its meaning by +diligent and laborious enquiry: to restore both to their +rightful honours: and to set them on a basis of (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hitherto +unobserved</span></em>) evidence, from which (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">faxit DEUS!</span></span>) it will be +found impossible henceforth to dislodge them? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This only will the Reviewer add,—That if it be indeed +one of the <span class="tei tei-q">“now established principles of Textual Criticism,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page350">[pg 350]</span><a name="Pg350" id="Pg350" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that the evidence of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two manuscripts and-a-half</span></em> outweighs +the evidence of (1) All <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the remaining</span></em> 997-½,—(2) The whole +body of the Versions,—(3) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Every Father who quotes the place, +from</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 210 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1070,—and (4) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The strongest possible +internal Evidence</span></em>:—if all this <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">indeed</span></em> be so,—he devoutly +trusts that he may be permitted to retain his <span class="tei tei-q">“Innocence”</span> +to the last; and in his <span class="tei tei-q">“Ignorance,”</span> when the days of his +warfare are ended, to close his eyes in death.—And now +to proceed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXIII. The Nemesis of Superstition and Idolatry is ever +the same. Phantoms of the imagination henceforth usurp the +place of substantial forms. Interminable doubt,—wretched +misbelief,—childish credulity,—judicial blindness,—are the +inevitable sequel and penalty. The mind that has long +allowed itself in a systematic trifling with Evidence, is +observed to fall the easiest prey to Imposture. It has doubted +what is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrably</span></em> true: has rejected what is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">indubitably</span></em> +Divine. Henceforth, it is observed to mistake its own +fantastic creations for historical facts: to believe things +which rest on insufficient evidence, or on no evidence at all. +Thus, these learned Professors,—who condemn the <span class="tei tei-q">“last +Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to S. Mark;”</span> which +have been accounted veritable Scripture by the Church Universal +for more than 1800 years;—nevertheless accept as +the genuine <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diatessaron of Tatian</span></span>”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 170], a production +which was discovered yesterday, and which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does not even claim +to be</span></em> the work of that primitive writer.<a id="noteref_788" name="noteref_788" href="#note_788"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">788</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Yes, the Nemesis of Superstition and Idolatry is ever the +same. General mistrust of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> evidence is the sure result. +In 1870, Drs. Westcott and Hort solemnly assured their +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page351">[pg 351]</span><a name="Pg351" id="Pg351" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +brother-Revisionists that <span class="tei tei-q">“the prevalent assumption that +throughout the N. T. the true Text is to be found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">somewhere</span></em> +among recorded Readings, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does not stand the test of experience</span></em>.”</span> +They are evidently still haunted by the same spectral suspicion. +They invent a ghost to be exorcised in every dark +corner. Accordingly, Dr. Hort favours us with a chapter on +the Art of <span class="tei tei-q">“removing Corruptions of the sacred Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">antecedent +to extant documents</span></em>”</span> (p. 71). We are not surprised +(though we <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> a little amused) to hear that,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Art of Conjectural Emendation</span></em> depends for its success +so much on personal endowments, fertility of resource in the +first instance, and even more an appreciation of language too +delicate to acquiesce in merely plausible corrections, that it is +easy to forget its true character as a critical operation founded +on knowledge and method.”</span>—(p. 71.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXIV. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Very</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“easy,”</span> certainly. One sample of Dr. Hort's +skill in this department, (it occurs at page 135 of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes +on Select Readings</span></span>,) shall be cited in illustration. We venture +to commend it to the attention of our Readers:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(a) S. Paul [2 Tim. i. 13] exhorts Timothy, (whom he had +set as Bp. over the Church of Ephesus,) to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hold fast</span></em>”</span> a +certain <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">form</span></em>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“pattern”</span> (ὑποτύπωσιν) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of sound words</span></em>, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>”</span> (said he) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thou hast heard of me</span></em>.”</span> The flexibility and +delicate precision of the Greek language enables the Apostle +to indicate exactly what was the prime object of his solicitude. +It proves to have been the safety of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the very words</span></em> which he +had syllabled, (ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ὯΝ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ ἤκουσασ). +As learned Bp. Beveridge well points out,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which words</span></em>, not +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which form</span></em>, thou hast heard of me. So that it is not so much +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">form</span></em>, as the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">words</span></em> themselves, which the Apostle would +have him to hold fast.”</span><a id="noteref_789" name="noteref_789" href="#note_789"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">789</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page352">[pg 352]</span><a name="Pg352" id="Pg352" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this however proves abhorrent to Dr. Hort. <span class="tei tei-q">“This +sense”</span> (says the learned Professor) <span class="tei tei-q">“cannot be obtained from +the text except by treating ὧν as put in the genitive by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an +unusual and inexplicable attraction</span></em>. It seems more probable +that ὧν is a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">primitive corruption</span></em> of ὅν after πάντων.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, this is quite impossible, since neither ὅν nor πάντων +occurs anywhere in the neighbourhood. And as for the supposed +<span class="tei tei-q">“unusual and inexplicable attraction,”</span> it happens to be +one of even common occurrence,—as every attentive reader +of the New Testament is aware. Examples of it may be +seen at 2 Cor. i. 4 and Ephes. iv. 1,—also (in Dr. Hort's text +of) Ephes. i. 6 (ἧς in all 3 places). Again, in S. Luke v. 9 +(whether ᾗ or ὧν is read): and vi. 38 (ῷ):—in S. Jo. xv. 20 +(οὗ):—and xvii. 11 (ᾧ): in Acts ii. 22 (οἷς): vii. 17 (ἧς) and +45 (ὧν): in xxii. 15 (ὧν),&c.... But why entertain the +question? There is absolutely <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no room</span></em> for such Criticism in +respect of a reading which is found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in every known MS.,—in +every known Version,—in every Father who quotes the place</span></em>: a +reading which Divines, and Scholars who were not Divines,—Critics +of the Text, and grammarians who were without +prepossessions concerning Scripture,—Editors of the Greek +and Translators of the Greek into other languages,—all alike +have acquiesced in, from the beginning until now. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We venture to assert that it is absolutely unlawful, in +the entire absence of evidence, to call such a reading as the +present in question. There is absolutely no safeguard for +Scripture—no limit to Controversy—if a place like this may +be solicited at the mere suggestion of individual caprice. +(For it is worth observing that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on this, and similar occasions, +Dr. Hort is forsaken by Dr. Westcott</span></em>. Such notes are enclosed +in brackets, and subscribed <span class="tei tei-q">“H.”</span>) In the meantime, who +can forbear smiling at the self-complacency of a Critic who +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page353">[pg 353]</span><a name="Pg353" id="Pg353" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +puts forth remarks like those which precede; and yet congratulates +himself on <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">personal endowments, fertility of resource, +and a too delicate appreciation of language</span></em>”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(b) Another specimen of conjectural extravagance occurs +at S. John vi. 4, where Dr. Hort labours to throw suspicion +on <span class="tei tei-q">“the Passover”</span> (τὸ πάσχα),—in defiance of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known +Manuscript,—every known Version</span></em>,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every Father who +quotes or recognizes the place</span></em>.<a id="noteref_790" name="noteref_790" href="#note_790"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">790</span></span></a> We find <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nine columns</span></em> devoted +to his vindication of this weak imagination; although so +partial are his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, that countless <span class="tei tei-q">“various Readings”</span> of +great interest and importance are left wholly undiscussed. +Nay, sometimes entire Epistles are dismissed with a single +weak annotation (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> 1 and 2 Thessalonians),—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or with none</span></em>, +as in the case of the Epistle to the Philippians. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(c) We charitably presume that it is in order to make +amends for having conjecturally thrust out τὸ πάσχα from S. +John vi. 4,—that Dr. Hort is for conjecturally thrusting into +Acts xx. 28, Υἱοῦ (after τοῦ ἰδίου),—an imagination to which +he devotes a column and-a-half, but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for which he is not able to +produce a particle of evidence</span></em>. It would result in our reading, +<span class="tei tei-q">“to feed the Church of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, which He purchased”</span>—(not +<span class="tei tei-q">“with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">His own</span></em> blood,”</span> but)—<span class="tei tei-q">“with the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">blood of His own</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span>:”</span> which has evidently been suggested by nothing so +much as by the supposed necessity of getting rid of a text +which unequivocally asserts that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>.<a id="noteref_791" name="noteref_791" href="#note_791"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">791</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page354">[pg 354]</span><a name="Pg354" id="Pg354" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXV. Some will be chiefly struck by the conceit and +presumption of such suggestions as the foregoing. A yet +larger number, as we believe, will be astonished by their +essential foolishness. For ourselves, what surprises us most +is the fatal misapprehension they evince of the true office +of Textual Criticism as applied to the New Testament. It +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never is to invent new Readings</span></em>, but only to adjudicate +between existing and conflicting ones. He who seeks to +thrust out <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Passover</span></span>”</span> from S. John vi. 4, (where it may +on no account be dispensed with<a id="noteref_792" name="noteref_792" href="#note_792"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">792</span></span></a>); and to thrust <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Son</span></span>”</span> +into Acts xx. 28, (where His Name cannot stand without +evacuating a grand Theological statement);—will do well to +consider whether he does not bring himself directly under +the awful malediction with which the beloved Disciple concludes +and seals up the Canon of Scripture:—<span class="tei tei-q">“I testify unto +every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this +Book,—If any man shall <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">add unto</span></em> these things, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> shall +add unto him the plagues that are written in this Book. +And if any man shall <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">take away from</span></em> the words of the +Book of this prophecy, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> shall take away his part out of +the Book of Life, and out of the holy City, and from the +things which are written in this Book.”</span><a id="noteref_793" name="noteref_793" href="#note_793"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">793</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +May we be allowed to assure Dr. Hort that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">“</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Conjectural +Emendation</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">”</span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps"> can be allowed no place whatever in the +Textual Criticism of the New Testament</span></span>? He will no +doubt disregard our counsel. May Dr. Scrivener then +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page355">[pg 355]</span><a name="Pg355" id="Pg355" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +[p. 433] be permitted to remind him that <span class="tei tei-q">“it is now agreed +among competent judges that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conjectural emendation</span></em> must +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> be resorted to,—even in passages of acknowledged +difficulty”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +There is in fact no need for it,—nor can be: so very +ample, as well as so very varied, is the evidence for the +words of the New Testament. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXVI. Here however we regret to find we have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> +Editors against us. They propose <span class="tei tei-q">“the definite question,”</span>— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“ </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Are there, as a matter of fact, places in which we are +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">constrained by overwhelming evidence</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> to recognize the existence of +Textual error in </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">all</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> extant documents?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> To this question +we have no hesitation in replying in the affirmative.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 279.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Behold then the deliberate sentence of Drs. Westcott +and Hort. They flatter themselves that they are able to +produce <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">overwhelming evidence</span></em>”</span> in proof that there are +places where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every extant document</span></em> is in error. The instance +on which they both rely, is S. Peter's prophetic announcement +(2 Pet. iii. 10), that in <span class="tei tei-q">“the day of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“the +earth and the works that are therein <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall be burned up</span></em>”</span> +(κατακαήσεται). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This statement is found to have been glossed or paraphrased +in an age when men knew no better. Thus, Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> +substitutes—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall vanish away</span></em>:”</span><a id="noteref_794" name="noteref_794" href="#note_794"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">794</span></span></a> the Syriac and one +Egyptian version,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall not be found</span></em>,”</span> (apparently in imitation +of Rev. xvi. 20). But, either because the <span class="tei tei-q">“not”</span> was +accidentally omitted<a id="noteref_795" name="noteref_795" href="#note_795"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">795</span></span></a> in some very ancient exemplar;—or +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page356">[pg 356]</span><a name="Pg356" id="Pg356" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +else because it was deemed a superfluity by some Occidental +critic who in his simplicity supposed that εὑρεθήσεται +might well represent the Latin <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">urerentur</span></span>,—(somewhat as +Mrs. Quickly warranted <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hang hog</span></em>”</span> to be Latin for <span class="tei tei-q">“bacon,”</span>)—codices +א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (with four others of later date) exhibit +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall be found</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_796" name="noteref_796" href="#note_796"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">796</span></span></a>—which obviously makes utter nonsense of +the place. (Εὑρεθήσεται appears, nevertheless, in Dr. Hort's +text: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in consequence of which</span></em>, the margin of our <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised +Version”</span> is disfigured with the statement that <span class="tei tei-q">“The most +ancient manuscripts read <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">discovered</span></em>.”</span>) But what is there in +all this to make one distrust the Traditional reading?—supported +as it is by the whole mass of Copies: by the Latin,<a id="noteref_797" name="noteref_797" href="#note_797"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">797</span></span></a>—the +Coptic,—the Harkleian,—and the Æthiopic Versions:—besides +the only Fathers who quote the place; viz. Cyril +seven times,<a id="noteref_798" name="noteref_798" href="#note_798"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">798</span></span></a> and John Damascene<a id="noteref_799" name="noteref_799" href="#note_799"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">799</span></span></a> once?... As for pretending, +at the end of the foregoing enquiry, that <span class="tei tei-q">“we are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">constrained +by overwhelming evidence</span></em> to recognize the existence +of textual error <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in all extant documents</span></em>,”</span>—it is evidently a +mistake. Nothing else is it but a misstatement of facts. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page357">[pg 357]</span><a name="Pg357" id="Pg357" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXVII. And thus, in the entire absence of proof, Dr. +Hort's view of <span class="tei tei-q">“the existence of corruptions”</span> of the Text +<span class="tei tei-q">“antecedent to all existing authority,”</span><a id="noteref_800" name="noteref_800" href="#note_800"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">800</span></span></a>—falls to the ground. +His confident prediction, that such corruptions <span class="tei tei-q">“will sooner +or later have to be acknowledged,”</span> may be dismissed with +a smile. So indifferent an interpreter of the Past may not +presume to forecast the Future. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The one <span class="tei tei-q">“matter of fact,”</span> which at every step more and +more impresses an attentive student of the Text of Scripture, +is,—(1st), The utterly depraved character of Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and +א: and (2nd), The singular infatuation of Drs. Westcott and +Hort in insisting that those 2 Codices <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stand alone in their +almost complete immunity from error:</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_801" name="noteref_801" href="#note_801"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">801</span></span></a>—that <span class="tei tei-q">“the fullest +comparison does but increase the conviction that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their pre-eminent +relative purity is approximately absolute</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_802" name="noteref_802" href="#note_802"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">802</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXVIII. Whence is it,—(we have often asked ourselves +the question, while studying these laborious pages,)—How +does it happen that a scholar like Dr. Hort, evidently +accomplished and able, should habitually mistake the +creations of his own brain for material forms? the echoes +of his own voice while holding colloquy with himself, for +oracular responses? We have not hitherto expressed our +astonishment,—but must do so now before we make an end,—that +a writer who desires to convince, can suppose that +his own arbitrary use of such expressions as <span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian”</span> +and <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Alexandrian,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Non-Western”</span> +and <span class="tei tei-q">“Non-Alexandrian,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Non-Alexandrian Pre-Syrian”</span> +and <span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian Non-Western,”</span>—will produce any +(except an irritating) effect on the mind of an intelligent reader. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The delusion of supposing that by the free use of such a +vocabulary a Critic may dispense with the ordinary processes +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page358">[pg 358]</span><a name="Pg358" id="Pg358" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of logical proof, might possibly have its beginning in the +retirement of the cloister, where there are few to listen and +none to contradict: but it can only prove abiding if there +has been no free ventilation of the individual fancy. Greatly +is it to be regretted that instead of keeping his Text a +profound secret for 30 years, Dr. Hort did not freely impart +it to the public, and solicit the favour of candid criticism. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Has no friend ever reminded him that assertions concerning +the presence or absence of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> or a <span class="tei tei-q">“Pre-Syrian,”</span> +a <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> or a <span class="tei tei-q">“Non-Western <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">element</span></em>,”</span> are but wind,—the +merest chaff and draff,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">apart from proof</span></em>? Repeated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad +nauseam</span></span>, and employed with as much peremptory precision +as if they were recognized terms connoting distinct classes +of Readings,—(whereas they are absolutely without significancy, +except, let us charitably hope, to him who employs +them);—such expressions would only be allowable on the +part of the Critic, if he had first been at the pains to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">index +every principal Father</span></em>,—and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to reduce Texts to families</span></em> by a +laborious process of Induction. Else, they are worse than +foolish. More than an impertinence are they. They bewilder, +and mislead, and for a while encumber and block the way. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXIX. This is not all however. Even when these +Editors notice hostile evidence, they do so after a fashion +which can satisfy no one but themselves. Take for example +their note on the word εἰκῆ (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a cause</span></em>”</span>) in S. Matthew +v. 22 (<span class="tei tei-q">“But I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his +brother <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a cause</span></em>”</span>). The Reader's attention is specially +invited to the treatment which this place has experienced at +the hands of Drs. Westcott and Hort:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) They unceremoniously eject the word from S. Matthew's +Gospel with their oracular sentence, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western and +Syrian.</span></em>”</span>—Aware that εἰκῆ is recognized by <span class="tei tei-q">“Iren. lat<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">-3</span></span>; Eus. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">D. E.</span></span> Cyp.,”</span> they yet claim for omitting it the authority of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page359">[pg 359]</span><a name="Pg359" id="Pg359" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Just. Ptolem. (? Iren. 242 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">fin</span></span>.), Tert.; and certainly”</span> (they +proceed) <span class="tei tei-q">“Orig. on Eph. iv. 31, noticing both readings, and +similarly Hier. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">loc.</span></span>, who probably follows Origen: also Ath. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pasch.</span></span> Syr. 11: Ps.-Ath. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cast.</span></span> ii. 4; and others”</span>.... Such +is their <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Note</span></span>”</span> on S. Matthew v. 22. It is found at p. 8 of +their volume. In consequence, εἰκῆ (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a cause</span></em>”</span>) disappears +from their Text entirely. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) But these learned men are respectfully informed that +neither Justin Martyr, nor Ptolemæus the Gnostic, nor +Irenæus, no, nor Tertullian either,—that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one of these four +writers</span></em>,—supplies the wished-for evidence. As for Origen,—they +are assured that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“probably”</span> but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly</span></em>—is the +cause of all the trouble. They are reminded that Athanasius<a id="noteref_803" name="noteref_803" href="#note_803"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">803</span></span></a> +quotes (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> S. Matt. v. 22, but) 1 Jo. iii. 15. They are shown +that what they call <span class="tei tei-q">“ps.-Ath. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cast.</span></span>”</span> is nothing else but a +paraphrastic translation (by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Græculus quidam</span></span>) of John Cassian's +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Institutes</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“ii. 4”</span> in the Greek representing viii. 20 in +the Latin.... And now, how much of the adverse Evidence +remains? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Only this:—Jerome's three books of Commentary on +the Ephesians, are, in the main, a translation of Origen's +lost 3 books on the same Epistle.<a id="noteref_804" name="noteref_804" href="#note_804"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">804</span></span></a> Commenting on iv. 31, +Origen says that εἰκῆ has been improperly added to the +Text,<a id="noteref_805" name="noteref_805" href="#note_805"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">805</span></span></a>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which shows that in Origen's copy</span></em> εἰκῆ <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was found +there</span></em>. A few ancient writers in consequence (but only in +consequence) of what Jerome (or rather Origen) thus delivers, +are observed to omit εἰκῆ.<a id="noteref_806" name="noteref_806" href="#note_806"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">806</span></span></a> That is all! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) May we however respectfully ask these learned +Editors why, besides Irenæus,<a id="noteref_807" name="noteref_807" href="#note_807"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">807</span></span></a>—Eusebius,<a id="noteref_808" name="noteref_808" href="#note_808"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">808</span></span></a>—and Cyprian,<a id="noteref_809" name="noteref_809" href="#note_809"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">809</span></span></a>—they +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page360">[pg 360]</span><a name="Pg360" id="Pg360" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +do not mention that εἰκῆ is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></em> the reading of Justin +Martyr,<a id="noteref_810" name="noteref_810" href="#note_810"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">810</span></span></a>—of Origen himself,<a id="noteref_811" name="noteref_811" href="#note_811"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">811</span></span></a>—of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Constitutiones App.</span></span>,<a id="noteref_812" name="noteref_812" href="#note_812"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">812</span></span></a>—of +Basil three times,<a id="noteref_813" name="noteref_813" href="#note_813"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">813</span></span></a>—of Gregory of Nyssa,<a id="noteref_814" name="noteref_814" href="#note_814"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">814</span></span></a>—of Epiphanius,<a id="noteref_815" name="noteref_815" href="#note_815"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">815</span></span></a>—of +Ephraem Syrus twice,<a id="noteref_816" name="noteref_816" href="#note_816"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">816</span></span></a>—of Isidorus twice,<a id="noteref_817" name="noteref_817" href="#note_817"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">817</span></span></a>—of +Theodore of Mops.,—of Chrysostom 18 times,—of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus imp.</span></span> twice,<a id="noteref_818" name="noteref_818" href="#note_818"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">818</span></span></a>—of Cyril<a id="noteref_819" name="noteref_819" href="#note_819"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">819</span></span></a>—and of Theodoret<a id="noteref_820" name="noteref_820" href="#note_820"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">820</span></span></a>—(each in +3 places). It was also the reading of Severus, Abp. of +Antioch:<a id="noteref_821" name="noteref_821" href="#note_821"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">821</span></span></a>—as well as of Hilary,<a id="noteref_822" name="noteref_822" href="#note_822"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">822</span></span></a>—Lucifer,<a id="noteref_823" name="noteref_823" href="#note_823"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">823</span></span></a>—Salvian,<a id="noteref_824" name="noteref_824" href="#note_824"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">824</span></span></a>—Philastrius,<a id="noteref_825" name="noteref_825" href="#note_825"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">825</span></span></a>—Augustine, +and—Jerome,<a id="noteref_826" name="noteref_826" href="#note_826"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">826</span></span></a>—(although, when +translating from Origen, he pronounces against εἰκῆ<a id="noteref_827" name="noteref_827" href="#note_827"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">827</span></span></a>):—not +to mention Antiochus mon.,<a id="noteref_828" name="noteref_828" href="#note_828"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">828</span></span></a>—J. Damascene,<a id="noteref_829" name="noteref_829" href="#note_829"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">829</span></span></a>—Maximus,<a id="noteref_830" name="noteref_830" href="#note_830"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">830</span></span></a>—Photius,<a id="noteref_831" name="noteref_831" href="#note_831"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">831</span></span></a>—Euthymius,—Theophylact,—and +others?<a id="noteref_832" name="noteref_832" href="#note_832"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">832</span></span></a>... +We have adduced no less than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thirty</span></em> ancient witnesses. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) Our present contention however is but this,—that a +Reading which is attested by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every uncial Copy of the Gospels +except</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א; by a whole <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">torrent of Fathers</span></em>; by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every +known copy</span></em> of the old Latin,—by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the Syriac, (for the +Peschito inserts [not translates] the word εἰκῆ,)—by the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page361">[pg 361]</span><a name="Pg361" id="Pg361" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Coptic,—as well as by the Gothic—and Armenian versions;—that +such a reading is not to be set aside by the stupid +dictum, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Western and Syrian</span></span>.”</span> By no such methods will the +study of Textual Criticism be promoted, or any progress ever +be made in determining the Truth of Scripture. There really +can be no doubt whatever,—(that is to say, if we are to be +guided by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ancient Evidence</span></em>,)—that εἰκῆ (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a cause</span></em>”</span>) was +our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> actual word; and that our Revisers have been +here, as in so many hundred other places, led astray by Dr. +Hort. So true is that saying of the ancient poet,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Evil +company doth corrupt good manners.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“And if the blind +lead the blind,”</span>—(a greater than Menander hath said it,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both +shall fall into the ditch</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_833" name="noteref_833" href="#note_833"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">833</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) In the meantime, we have exhibited somewhat in detail, +Drs. Westcott and Hort's Annotation on εἰκῆ, [S. Matth. +v. 22,] in order to furnish our Readers with at least <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one definite +specimen</span></em> of the Editorial skill and Critical ability of +these two accomplished Professors. Their general practice, +as exhibited in the case of 1 Jo. v. 18, [see above, pp. <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref">347-9</a>,] +is to tamper with the sacred Text, without assigning their +authority,—indeed, without offering apology of any kind. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sum</span></em> of the matter proves to be as follows: Codd. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א (the <span class="tei tei-q">“two false Witnesses”</span>),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone of MSS.</span></em>—omit +εἰκῆ. On the strength of this, Dr. Hort persuaded +his fellow Revisers to omit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a cause</span></em>”</span> from their +Revised Version: and it is proposed, in consequence, that +every Englishman's copy of S. Matthew v. 22 shall be mutilated +in the same way for ever.... <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Delirant reges, plectuntur +Achivi.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">h</span></span>) But the question arises—Will the Church of England +submit to have her immemorial heritage thus filched from +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page362">[pg 362]</span><a name="Pg362" id="Pg362" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +her? We shall be astonished indeed if she proves so regardless +of her birthright. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXX. Lastly, the intellectual habits of these Editors +have led them so to handle evidence, that the sense of proportion +seems to have forsaken them. <span class="tei tei-q">“He who has long +pondered over a train of Reasoning,”</span>—(remarks the elder +Critic,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">becomes unable to detect its weak points</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_834" name="noteref_834" href="#note_834"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">834</span></span></a> Yes, +the <span class="tei tei-q">“idols of the den”</span> exercise at last a terrible ascendency +over the Critical judgment. It argues an utter want of +mental perspective, when we find <span class="tei tei-q">“the Man working on the +Sabbath,”</span> put on the same footing with <span class="tei tei-q">“the Woman taken +in Adultery,”</span> and conjectured to have <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">come from the same +source</span></em>:”</span>—the incident of <span class="tei tei-q">“the Angel troubling the pool of +Bethesda”</span> dismissed, as having <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no claim to any kind of +association with the true Text</span></em>:”</span><a id="noteref_835" name="noteref_835" href="#note_835"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">835</span></span></a>—and <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> Supplements”</span> +to S. Mark's Gospel declared to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stand on equal terms</span></em> as +independent attempts to fill up a gap;”</span> and allowed to be +possibly <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of equal antiquity.</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_836" name="noteref_836" href="#note_836"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">836</span></span></a> How can we wonder, after +this, to find <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">anything</span></em> omitted,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">anything</span></em> inserted,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">anything</span></em> +branded with suspicion? And the brand is very freely applied +by Drs. Westcott and Hort. Their notion of the Text +of the New Testament, is certainly the most extraordinary +ever ventilated. It has at least the merit of entire originality. +While they eagerly insist that many a passage is but <span class="tei tei-q">“a +Western interpolation”</span> after all; is but an <span class="tei tei-q">“Evangelic Tradition,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“rescued from oblivion by the Scribes of the second +century;”</span>—they yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">incorporate those passages with the +Gospel</span></em>. Careful enough to clap them into fetters first, they +then, (to use their own queer phrase,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">provisionally +associate them with the Text</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page363">[pg 363]</span><a name="Pg363" id="Pg363" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXXI. We submit, on the contrary, that Editors who +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cannot doubt</span></em>”</span> that a certain verse <span class="tei tei-q">“comes from an extraneous +source,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do not believe</span></em> that it belonged originally to the +Book in which it is now included,”</span>—are unreasonable if they +proceed to assign to it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> actual place there at all. When +men have once thoroughly convinced themselves that two +Verses of S. Luke's Gospel are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not Scripture</span></em>, but <span class="tei tei-q">“only a +fragment from the Traditions, written or oral, which were +for a while locally current;”</span><a id="noteref_837" name="noteref_837" href="#note_837"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">837</span></span></a>—what else is it but the +merest trifling with sacred Truth, to promote those two +verses to a place in the inspired context? Is it not to be +feared, that the conscious introduction of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">human Tradition</span></em> +into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written Word</span></em> will in the end destroy the soul's +confidence in Scripture itself? opening the door for perplexity, +and doubt, and presently for Unbelief itself to enter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXXII. And let us not be told that the Verses stand +there <span class="tei tei-q">“provisionally”</span> only; and for that reason are <span class="tei tei-q">“enclosed +within double brackets.”</span> Suspected felons are <span class="tei tei-q">“provisionally”</span> +locked up, it is true: but after trial, they are either convicted +and removed out of sight; or else they are acquitted +and suffered to come abroad like other men. Drs. Westcott +and Hort have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no right</span></em> at the end of thirty years of investigation, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still</span></em> to encumber the Evangelists with <span class="tei tei-q">“provisional”</span> +fetters. Those fetters either signify that the Judge is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">afraid +to carry out his own righteous sentence</span></em>: or else, that he <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entertains +a secret suspicion that he has made a terrible mistake +after all,—has condemned the innocent</span></em>. Let these esteemed +Scholars at least have <span class="tei tei-q">“the courage of their own convictions,”</span> +and be throughout as consistent as, in two famous instances +(viz. at pages 113 and 241), they have been. Else, in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> +Name, let them have the manliness to avow themselves in +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page364">[pg 364]</span><a name="Pg364" id="Pg364" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +error: abjure their πρῶτον ψεῦδος; and cast the fantastic +Theory, which they have so industriously reared upon it, +unreservedly, to the winds! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXXIII. To conclude.—It will be the abiding distinction +of the Revised Version (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thanks to Dr. Hort,</span></em>) that it brought +to the front a question which has slept for about 100 years; +but which may not be suffered now to rest undisturbed any +longer. It might have slumbered on for another half-century,—a +subject of deep interest to a very little band of +Divines and Scholars; of perplexity and distrust to all the +World besides;—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but</span></em> for the incident which will make the +17th of May, 1881, for ever memorable in the Annals of the +Church of England. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +LXXXIV. The Publication on that day of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised +English Version of the New Testament”</span> instantly concentrated +public attention on the neglected problem: for men +saw at a glance that the Traditional Text of 1530 years' +standing,—(the exact number is Dr. Hort's, not ours,)—had +been unceremoniously set aside in favour of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an entirely different +Recension</span></em>. The true Authors of the mischief were not far to +seek. Just five days before,—under the editorship of Drs. +Westcott and Hort, (Revisionists themselves,)—had appeared +the most extravagant Text which has seen the light since the +invention of Printing. No secret was made of the fact that, +under pledges of strictest secrecy,<a id="noteref_838" name="noteref_838" href="#note_838"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">838</span></span></a> a copy of this wild performance +(marked <span class="tei tei-q">“Confidential”</span>) had been entrusted to +every member of the Revising body: and it has since transpired +that Dr. Hort advocated his own peculiar views in the +Jerusalem Chamber with so much volubility, eagerness, pertinacity, +and plausibility, that in the end—notwithstanding +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page365">[pg 365]</span><a name="Pg365" id="Pg365" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the warnings, remonstrances, entreaties of Dr. Scrivener,—his +counsels prevailed; and—the utter shipwreck of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Version”</span> has been, (as might have been confidently +predicted,) the disastrous consequence. Dr. Hort is calculated +to have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">talked for three years</span></em> out of the ten. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in the meantime there has arisen <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> good out of the +calamity,—namely, that men will at last require that the +Textual problem shall be fairly threshed out. They will +insist on having it proved to their satisfaction,—(1) That +Codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א are indeed the oracular documents which +their admirers pretend; and—(2) That a narrow selection +of ancient documents is a secure foundation on which to +build the Text of Scripture. Failing this,—(and the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">onus +probandi</span></span> rests wholly with those who are for setting aside +the Traditional Text in favour of another, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entirely dissimilar +in character</span></em>,)—failing this, we say, it is reasonable to hope +that the counsels of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>”</span> will be suffered +to prevail. In the meantime, we repeat that this question +has now to be fought out: for to ignore it any longer is +impossible. Compromise of any sort between the two conflicting +parties, is impossible also; for they simply contradict +one another. Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א are either among the purest +of manuscripts,—or else they are among the very foulest. +The Text of Drs. Westcott and Hort is either the very best +which has ever appeared,—or else it is the very worst; the +nearest to the sacred Autographs,—or the furthest from them. +There is no room for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> opinions; and there cannot exist +any middle view. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The question will have to be fought out; and it must be +fought out fairly. It may not be magisterially settled; but +must be advocated, on either side, by the old logical method. +If Continental Scholars join in the fray, England,—which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page366">[pg 366]</span><a name="Pg366" id="Pg366" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +in the last century took the lead in these studies,—will, it +is to be hoped, maintain her ancient reputation and again +occupy the front rank. The combatants may be sure that, +in consequence of all that has happened, the public will be +no longer indifferent spectators of the fray; for the issue +concerns the inner life of the whole community,—touches +men's very heart of hearts. Certain it is that—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> defend +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Right</span></em>!”</span> will be the one aspiration of every faithful spirit +among us. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The Truth</span></span>,—(we avow it on behalf of Drs. +Westcott and Hort as eagerly as on our own behalf,)—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's +Truth</span></span> will be, as it has been throughout, the one object of +all our striving. Αἴλινον αἴλινον εἰπέ, τὸ δ᾽ εὖ νικάτω. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-weight: 700">I HAVE BEEN VERY JEALOUS FOR THE LORD GOD OF HOSTS.</span></span> +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page367">[pg 367]</span><a name="Pg367" id="Pg367" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc11" id="toc11"></a> +<a name="pdf12" id="pdf12"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Letter To Bishop Ellicott, In Reply To His Pamphlet.</span></h1> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page368">[pg 368]</span><a name="Pg368" id="Pg368" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Nothing is more satisfactory at the present time than the evident +feelings of veneration for our Authorized Version, and the very generally-felt +desire for </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">as little change as possible</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_839" name="noteref_839" href="#note_839"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">839</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We may be satisfied with the attempt to correct </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">plain and clear +errors</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, but </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">there it is our duty to stop</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_840" name="noteref_840" href="#note_840"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">840</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We have now, at all events, no fear of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">an over-corrected Version</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop +Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_841" name="noteref_841" href="#note_841"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">841</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">I fear we must say in candour that in the Revised Version we meet +in every page with small </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">changes, which are vexatious, teasing, and irritating, +even the more so because they are small; which seem almost to be +made for the sake of change</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Wordsworth.</span></span><a id="noteref_842" name="noteref_842" href="#note_842"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">842</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +[The question arises,]—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Whether the Church of England,—which in +her Synod, so far as this Province is concerned, sanctioned a Revision of +her Authorized Version </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">under the express condition</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, which she most wisely +imposed, that </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">no Changes should be made in it except what were absolutely +necessary</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,—could consistently accept a Version in which 36,000 changes +have been made; </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">not a fiftieth of which can be shown to be needed, or even +desirable</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Wordsworth.</span></span><a id="noteref_843" name="noteref_843" href="#note_843"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">843</span></span></a> +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page369">[pg 369]</span><a name="Pg369" id="Pg369" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Letter To<br /> +The Right Rev. Charles John Ellicott, D.D.,<br /> +Bishop Of Gloucester And Bristol,<br /> +In Reply To His Pamphlet In Defence Of<br /> +The Revisers And Their Greek Text Of<br /> +The New Testament. +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">What course would Revisers have us to follow?... Would +it be well for them to agree on a Critical Greek Text? </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">To +this question we venture to answer very unhesitatingly in the +negative.</span></em></span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Though we have much critical material, and a very fair +amount of critical knowledge, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">we have certainly not yet acquired +sufficient Critical Judgment</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps"> for any body of Revisers +hopefully to undertake such a work as this.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Bishop Ellicott.</span></span><a id="noteref_844" name="noteref_844" href="#note_844"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">844</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">My Lord Bishop</span></span>, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Last May, you published a pamphlet of seventy-nine +pages<a id="noteref_845" name="noteref_845" href="#note_845"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">845</span></span></a> in vindication of the Greek Text recently put forth by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page370">[pg 370]</span><a name="Pg370" id="Pg370" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the New Testament Company of Revisers. It was (you said) +your Answer to the first and second of my Articles in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>:<a id="noteref_846" name="noteref_846" href="#note_846"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">846</span></span></a>—all three of which, corrected and +enlarged, are now submitted to the public for the second +time. See above, from page 1 to page 367. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[1] Preliminary Statement.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You may be quite sure that I examined your pamphlet as +soon as it appeared, with attention. I have since read it +through several times: and—I must add—with ever-increasing +astonishment. First, because it is so evidently the production +of one who has never made Textual Criticism seriously his +study. Next, because your pamphlet is no refutation whatever +of my two Articles. You flout me: you scold me: you lecture +me. But I do not find that you ever <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">answer</span></em> me. You reproduce +the theory of Drs. Westcott and Hort,—which I +claim to have demolished.<a id="noteref_847" name="noteref_847" href="#note_847"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">847</span></span></a> You seek to put me down by +flourishing in my face the decrees of Lachmann, Tischendorf +and Tregelles,—which, as you are well aware, I entirely disallow. +Denunciation, my lord Bishop, is not Argument; +neither is Reiteration, Proof. And then,—Why do you impute +to me opinions which I do not hold? and charge me with a +method of procedure of which I have never been guilty? +Above all, why do you seek to prejudice the question at +issue between us by importing irrelevant matter which can +only impose upon the ignorant and mislead the unwary? +Forgive my plainness, but really you are so conspicuously +unfair,—and at the same time so manifestly unacquainted, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page371">[pg 371]</span><a name="Pg371" id="Pg371" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(except at second-hand and only in an elementary way,) +with the points actually under discussion,—that, were it not +for the adventitious importance attaching to any utterance of +yours, deliberately put forth at this time as Chairman of the +New Testament body of Revisers, I should have taken no +notice of your pamphlet. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[2] The Bishop's pamphlet was anticipated and effectually disposed +of, three weeks before it appeared, by the Reviewer's +Third Article.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I am bound, at the same time, to acknowledge that you +have been singularly unlucky. While <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> were penning +your Defence, (namely, throughout the first four months of +1882,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> was making a fatal inroad into your position, by +showing how utterly without foundation is the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textual +Theory”</span> to which you and your co-Revisers have been so +rash as to commit yourselves.<a id="noteref_848" name="noteref_848" href="#note_848"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">848</span></span></a> This fact I find duly recognized +in your <span class="tei tei-q">“Postscript.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Since the foregoing pages were +in print”</span> (you say,) <span class="tei tei-q">“a third article has appeared in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>, entitled <span class="tei tei-q">‘Westcott and Hort's Textual +Theory.’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_849" name="noteref_849" href="#note_849"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">849</span></span></a> Yes. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> came before the public on the 16th of +April; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> on the 4th of May, 1882. In this way, your pamphlet +was anticipated,—had in fact been fully disposed of, +three weeks before it appeared. <span class="tei tei-q">“The Reviewer,”</span> (you complain +at page 4,) <span class="tei tei-q">“censures their [Westcott and Hort's] Text: +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in neither Article has he attempted a serious examination of +the arguments which they allege in its support</span></em>.”</span> But, (as +explained,) the <span class="tei tei-q">“serious examination”</span> which you reproach +me with having hitherto failed to produce,—had been already +three weeks in the hands of readers of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly</span></span> before +your pamphlet saw the light. You would, in consequence, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page372">[pg 372]</span><a name="Pg372" id="Pg372" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have best consulted your own reputation, I am persuaded, +had you instantly recalled and suppressed your printed +sheets. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">What</span></em>, at all events, you can have possibly meant, +while publishing them, by adding (in your <span class="tei tei-q">“Postscript”</span> at +page 79,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">In this controversy it is not for us to interpose:</span></em>”</span> and +again,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">We find nothing in the Reviewer's third article to +require further answer from us:</span></em>”</span>—passes my comprehension; +seeing that your pamphlet (page 11 to page 29) is an +elaborate avowal that you have made Westcott and Hort's +theory entirely your own. The Editor of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Speaker's +Commentary</span></span>, I observe, takes precisely the same view of +your position. <span class="tei tei-q">“The two Revisers”</span> (says Canon Cook) +<span class="tei tei-q">“actually add a Postscript to their pamphlet of a single +short page noticing their unexpected anticipation by the +third <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span> article; with the remark that <span class="tei tei-q">‘in +this controversy (between Westcott and Hort and the +Reviewer) it is not for us to interfere:’</span>—as if Westcott and +Hort's theory of Greek Revision could be refuted, or seriously +damaged, without <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cutting the ground from under the Committee +of Revisers on the whole of this subject</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_850" name="noteref_850" href="#note_850"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">850</span></span></a> +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[3] Bp. Ellicott remonstrated with for his unfair method of +procedure.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I should enter at once on an examination of your Reply, +but that I am constrained at the outset to remonstrate with you +on the exceeding unfairness of your entire method of procedure. +Your business was to make it plain to the public that you +have dealt faithfully with the Deposit: have strictly fulfilled +the covenant into which you entered twelve years ago with +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page373">[pg 373]</span><a name="Pg373" id="Pg373" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the Convocation of the Southern Province: have corrected +only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>.”</span> Instead of this, you labour to +enlist vulgar prejudice against me:—partly, by insisting that +I am for determining disputed Readings by an appeal to the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus,”</span>—which (according to you) I look upon as +faultless:—partly, by exhibiting me in disagreement with +Lachmann, Tischendorf and Tregelles. The irrelevancy of +this latter contention,—the groundlessness of the former,—may +not be passed over without a few words of serious remonstrance. +For I claim that, in discussing the Greek Text, +I have invariably filled my pages as full of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Authorities</span></em> +for the opinions I advocate, as the limits of the page would +allow. I may have been tediously demonstrative sometimes: +but no one can fairly tax me with having shrunk from the +severest method of evidential proof. To find myself therefore +charged with <span class="tei tei-q">“mere denunciation,”</span><a id="noteref_851" name="noteref_851" href="#note_851"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">851</span></span></a>—with substituting +<span class="tei tei-q">“strong expressions of individual opinion”</span> for <span class="tei tei-q">“arguments,”</span><a id="noteref_852" name="noteref_852" href="#note_852"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">852</span></span></a>—and +with <span class="tei tei-q">“attempting to cut the cord by reckless and unverified +assertions,”</span> (p. 25,)—astonishes me. Such language +is in fact even ridiculously unfair. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The misrepresentation of which I complain is not only +conspicuous, but systematic. It runs through your whole +pamphlet: is admitted by yourself at the close,—(viz. at +p. 77,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to be half the sum of your entire contention</span></em>. Besides +cropping up repeatedly,<a id="noteref_853" name="noteref_853" href="#note_853"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">853</span></span></a> it finds deliberate and detailed +expression when you reach the middle of your essay,—viz. at +p. 41: where, with reference to certain charges which I not +only bring against codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, but laboriously substantiate +by a free appeal to the contemporary evidence of Copies, +Versions, and Fathers,—you venture to express yourself concerning +me as follows:— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page374">[pg 374]</span><a name="Pg374" id="Pg374" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">To attempt to sustain such charges by a rough comparison +of these ancient authorities with the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, and to +measure the degree of their depravation </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">by the amount of their +divergence from such a text as we have shown this Received Text +really to be</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, is to trifle with the subject of sacred Criticism.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. +41. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You add:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Until the depravation of these ancient Manuscripts has been +demonstrated in a manner more consistent with </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the recognized +principles of Criticism</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, such charges as those to which we allude +must be regarded as expressions of passion, or prejudice, and set +aside by every impartial reader as assertions for which no +adequate evidence has yet been produced.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—pp. 41-2. +</span></div> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[4] (Which be </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">the recognized principles of Textual Criticism</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?—a +question asked in passing.)</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But give me leave to ask in passing,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em>, pray, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“the recognized principles of Criticism”</span> to which you refer? +I profess I have never met with them yet; and I am sure it +has not been for want of diligent enquiry. You have publicly +charged me before your Diocese with being <span class="tei tei-q">“innocently ignorant +of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">now established principles</span></em> of Textual Criticism.”</span><a id="noteref_854" name="noteref_854" href="#note_854"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">854</span></span></a> +But why do you not state which those principles <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em>? I +am surprised. You are for ever vaunting <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">principles</span></em> which +have been established by the investigations and reasonings”</span> of +Lachmann, Tischendorf and Tregelles:<a id="noteref_855" name="noteref_855" href="#note_855"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">855</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">principles</span></em> of +Textual Criticism which are accepted and recognized by the +great majority of modern Textual Critics:”</span><a id="noteref_856" name="noteref_856" href="#note_856"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">856</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">principles</span></em> +on which the Textual Criticism of the last fifty years has been +based:”</span><a id="noteref_857" name="noteref_857" href="#note_857"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">857</span></span></a>—but you never condescend to explain <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which be</span></em> the +<span class="tei tei-q">“principles”</span> you refer to. For the last time,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em> established +those <span class="tei tei-q">“Principles”</span>? and, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Where</span></em> are they to be seen +<span class="tei tei-q">“established”</span>? +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page375">[pg 375]</span><a name="Pg375" id="Pg375" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I will be so candid with you as frankly to avow that the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only two</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“principles”</span> with which I am acquainted as held, +with anything like consent, by <span class="tei tei-q">“the modern Textual Critics”</span> +to whom you have surrendered your judgment, are—(1st) +A robust confidence in the revelations of their own inner +consciousness: and (2ndly) A superstitious partiality for +two codices written in the uncial character,—for which partiality +they are able to assign no intelligible reason. You put +the matter as neatly as I could desire at page 19 of your +Essay,—where you condemn, with excusable warmth, <span class="tei tei-q">“those +who adopt the easy method of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">using some favourite Manuscript</span></em>,”</span>—or +of exercising <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some supposed power of divining the +original Text;</span></em>”</span>—as if those were <span class="tei tei-q">“the only necessary +agents for correcting the Received Text.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> the evidence +of codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א,—and perhaps the evidence of the +VIth-century codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,—(<span class="tei tei-q">“the singular codex”</span> as you call it; +and it is certainly a very singular codex indeed:)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em>, I +say, the evidence of these two or three codices should be +thought to outweigh the evidence of all other documents in +existence,—whether Copies, Versions, or Fathers,—I have +never been able to discover, nor have their admirers ever +been able to tell me. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[5] Bp. Ellicott's and the Reviewer's respective methods, contrasted.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Waiving this however, (for it is beside the point,) I venture +to ask,—With what show of reason can you pretend +that I <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sustain my charges</span></em>”</span> against codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by a +rough comparison of these ancient authorities with the</span></em> Textus +Receptus”</span>?<a id="noteref_858" name="noteref_858" href="#note_858"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">858</span></span></a>... Will you deny that it is a mere misrepresentation +of the plain facts of the case, to say so? Have I +not, on the contrary, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on every occasion</span></em> referred Readings in +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page376">[pg 376]</span><a name="Pg376" id="Pg376" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +dispute,—the reading of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span> on the one hand, the reading +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> on the other,—simultaneously to one +and the same external standard? Have I not persistently +enquired for the verdict—so far as it has been obtainable—of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">consentient Antiquity</span></span>? If I have sometimes spoken of +certain famous manuscripts (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span> namely,) as exhibiting +fabricated Texts, have I not been at the pains to establish the +reasonableness of my assertion by showing that they yield +divergent,—that is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contradictory</span></em>, testimony? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The task of laboriously collating the five <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials”</span> +throughout the Gospels, occupied me for five-and-a-half years, +and taxed me severely. But I was rewarded. I rose from the +investigation profoundly convinced that, however important +they may be as instruments of Criticism, codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c d</span></span> are +among the most corrupt documents extant. It was a conviction +derived from exact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Knowledge</span></em> and based on solid +grounds of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Reason</span></em>. You, my lord Bishop, who have never +gone deeply into the subject, repose simply on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Prejudice</span></em>. +Never having at any time collated codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span> for yourself, +you are unable to gainsay a single statement of mine +by a counter-appeal to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em>. Your textual learning proves +to have been all obtained at second-hand,—taken on trust. +And so, instead of marshalling against me a corresponding +array of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ancient Authorities</span></span>,—you invariably attempt to +put me down by an appeal to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Modern Opinion</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-q">“The +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">majority of modern Critics</span></em>”</span> (you say) have declared the +manuscripts in question <span class="tei tei-q">“not only to be wholly undeserving +of such charges, but, on the contrary, to exhibit a text of +comparative purity.”</span><a id="noteref_859" name="noteref_859" href="#note_859"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">859</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The sum of the difference therefore between our respective +methods, my lord Bishop, proves to be this:—that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page377">[pg 377]</span><a name="Pg377" id="Pg377" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +whereas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> endeavour by a laborious accumulation of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ancient Evidence</span></em> to demonstrate that the decrees of Lachmann, +of Tischendorf and of Tregelles, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are untrustworthy</span></em>; +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your</span></em> way of reducing me to silence, is to cast Lachmann, +Tregelles and Tischendorf at every instant in my teeth. You +make your appeal exclusively to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them</span></em>. <span class="tei tei-q">“It would be difficult”</span> +(you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“to find a recent English Commentator of +any considerable reputation who has not been influenced, more +or less consistently, by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one or the other of these three Editors</span></em>:”</span><a id="noteref_860" name="noteref_860" href="#note_860"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">860</span></span></a> +(as if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> were any reason why I should do the same!) +Because I pronounce the Revised reading of S. Luke ii. 14, +<span class="tei tei-q">“a grievous perversion of the truth of Scripture,”</span> you bid me +consider <span class="tei tei-q">“that in so speaking I am <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">censuring Lachmann, +Tischendorf and Tregelles</span></em>.”</span> You seem in fact to have utterly +missed the point of my contention: which is, that the +ancient Fathers collectively (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 450),—inasmuch +as they must needs have known far better than Lachmann, +Tregelles, or Tischendorf, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1830 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1880,) what was +the Text of the New Testament in the earliest ages,—are +perforce far more trustworthy guides than they. And further, +that whenever it can be clearly shown that the Ancients as a +body say one thing, and the Moderns another, the opinion of +the Moderns may be safely disregarded. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When therefore I open your pamphlet at the first page, +and read as follows:—<span class="tei tei-q">“A bold assault has been made in +recent numbers of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span> upon the whole +fabric of Criticism which has been built up <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">during the last +fifty years</span></em> by the patient labour of successive editors of the +New Testament,”</span><a id="noteref_861" name="noteref_861" href="#note_861"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">861</span></span></a>—I fail to discover that any practical +inconvenience results to myself from your announcement. +The same plaintive strain reappears at p. 39; where, having +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page378">[pg 378]</span><a name="Pg378" id="Pg378" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +pointed out <span class="tei tei-q">“that the text of the Revisers is, in all essential +features, the same as that text in which the best critical +editors, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">during the past fifty years</span></em>, are generally agreed,”</span>—you +insist <span class="tei tei-q">“that thus, any attack made on the text of the +Revisers is really an attack on the critical principles that +have been carefully and laboriously established <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">during the +last half-century</span></em>.”</span> With the self-same pathetic remonstrance +you conclude your labours. <span class="tei tei-q">“If,”</span> (you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“the Revisers +are wrong in the principles which they have applied to +the determination of the Text, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the principles</span></em> on which the +Textual Criticism of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the last fifty years</span></em> has been based, are +wrong also.”</span><a id="noteref_862" name="noteref_862" href="#note_862"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">862</span></span></a>... Are you then not yet aware that the alternative +which seems to you so alarming is in fact my whole contention? +What else do you imagine it is that I am proposing +to myself throughout, but effectually to dispel the +vulgar prejudice,—say rather, to plant my heel upon the +weak superstition,—which <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the last fifty years</span></em>”</span> has proved +fatal to progress in this department of learning; and which, +if it be suffered to prevail, will make <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a science</span></em> of Textual +Criticism impossible? A shallow empiricism has been the +prevailing result, up to this hour, of the teaching of +Lachmann, and Tischendorf, and Tregelles. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[6] Bp. Ellicott in May 1870, and in May 1882.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A word in your private ear, (by your leave) in passing. +You seem to have forgotten that, at the time when you +entered on the work of Revision, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your own</span></em> estimate of the +Texts put forth by these Editors was the reverse of favourable; +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> was scarcely distinguishable from that of your +present correspondent. Lachmann's you described as <span class="tei tei-q">“a +text composed on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the narrowest and most exclusive</span></em> principles,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“really +based on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">little more than four manuscripts</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“The +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page379">[pg 379]</span><a name="Pg379" id="Pg379" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +case of Tischendorf”</span> (you said) <span class="tei tei-q">“is still more easily +disposed of. Which of this most inconstant Critic's texts are +we to select? Surely not the last, in which an exaggerated +preference for a single manuscript has betrayed him into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an +almost childlike infirmity of judgment</span></em>. Surely also not the +seventh edition, which exhibits all the instability which a +comparatively recent recognition of the authority of cursive +manuscripts might be supposed likely to introduce.”</span>—As for +poor Tregelles, you said:—<span class="tei tei-q">“His critical principles ... are +now, perhaps justly, called in question.”</span> His text <span class="tei tei-q">“is rigid and +mechanical, and sometimes fails to disclose <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that critical instinct +and peculiar scholarly sagacity which</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_863" name="noteref_863" href="#note_863"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">863</span></span></a> have since evidently +disclosed themselves in perfection in those Members of the +Revising body who, with Bp. Ellicott at their head, systematically +outvoted Prebendary Scrivener in the Jerusalem +Chamber. But with what consistency, my lord Bishop, do +you to-day vaunt <span class="tei tei-q">“the principles”</span> of the very men whom +yesterday you vilipended precisely because <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their </span><span class="tei tei-q">“principles”</span></em> +then seemed to yourself so utterly unsatisfactory? +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[7] </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">The fabric of modern Textual Criticism</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> (1831-81) +rests on an insecure basis.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have been guilty of little else than sacrilege, it seems, +because I have ventured to send a shower of shot and shell +into the flimsy decrees of these three Critics which now you +are pleased grandiloquently to designate and describe as +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole fabric of Criticism which has been built up within +the last fifty years</span></em>.”</span> Permit me to remind you that the +<span class="tei tei-q">“fabric”</span> you speak of,—(confessedly a creation of yesterday,)—rests +upon a foundation of sand; and has been already so +formidably assailed, or else so gravely condemned by a succession +of famous Critics, that as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a fabric</span></em>,”</span> its very +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page380">[pg 380]</span><a name="Pg380" id="Pg380" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +existence may be reasonably called in question. Tischendorf +insists on the general depravity (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">universa vitiositas</span></span>”</span>) of +codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>; on which codex nevertheless Drs. Westcott and +Hort chiefly rely,—regarding it as unique in its pre-eminent +purity. The same pair of Critics depreciate the Traditional +Text as <span class="tei tei-q">“beyond all question identical with the dominant +[Greek] Text <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the second half of the fourth century</span></em>:”</span>—whereas, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to bring the sacred text back to the condition in which +it existed during the fourth century</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_864" name="noteref_864" href="#note_864"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">864</span></span></a> was Lachmann's one +object; the sum and substance of his striving. <span class="tei tei-q">“The fancy +of a Constantinopolitan text, and every inference that has +been grounded on its presumed existence,”</span><a id="noteref_865" name="noteref_865" href="#note_865"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">865</span></span></a> Tregelles +declares to have been <span class="tei tei-q">“swept away at once and for ever,”</span> by +Scrivener's published Collations. And yet, what else but +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> is <span class="tei tei-q">“the fancy,”</span> (as already explained,) on which Drs. +Westcott and Hort have been for thirty years building +up their visionary Theory of Textual Criticism?—What +Griesbach attempted [1774-1805], was denounced [1782-1805] +by C. F. Matthæi;—disapproved by Scholz;—demonstrated +to be untenable by Abp. Laurence. Finally, +in 1847, the learned J. G. Reiche, in some Observations +prefixed to his Collations of MSS. in the Paris Library, +eloquently and ably exposed the unreasonableness of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> +theory of <span class="tei tei-q">“Recension,”</span>—properly so called;<a id="noteref_866" name="noteref_866" href="#note_866"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">866</span></span></a> thereby effectually +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page381">[pg 381]</span><a name="Pg381" id="Pg381" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +anticipating Westcott and Hort's weak imagination +of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em> Text,”</span> while he was demolishing the airy +speculations of Griesbach and Hug. <span class="tei tei-q">“There is no royal +road”</span> (he said) <span class="tei tei-q">“to the Criticism of the N. T.: no plain and +easy method, at once reposing on a firm foundation, and +conducting securely to the wished for goal.”</span><a id="noteref_867" name="noteref_867" href="#note_867"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">867</span></span></a>... Scarcely +therefore in Germany had the basement-story been laid +of that <span class="tei tei-q">“fabric of Criticism which has been built up during +the last fifty years,”</span> and which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> superstitiously admire,—when +a famous German scholar was heard denouncing the +fabric as insecure. He foretold that the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">regia via</span></span>”</span> of +codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א would prove a deceit and a snare: which +thing, at the end of four-and-thirty years, has punctually +come to pass. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Seven years after, Lachmann's method was solemnly +appealed from by the same J. G. Reiche:<a id="noteref_868" name="noteref_868" href="#note_868"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">868</span></span></a> whose words of +warning to his countrymen deserve the attention of every +thoughtful scholar among ourselves at this day. Of the +same general tenor and purport as Reiche's, are the utterances +of those giants in Textual Criticism, Vercellone of +Rome and Ceriani of Milan. Quite unmistakable is the +verdict of our own Scrivener concerning the views of +Lachmann, Tischendorf and Tregelles, and the results to +which their system has severally conducted them.—If Alford +adopted the prejudices of his three immediate predecessors, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page382">[pg 382]</span><a name="Pg382" id="Pg382" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +his authority has been neutralized by the far different teaching +of one infinitely his superior in judgment and learning,—the +present illustrious Bishop of Lincoln.—On the same +side with the last named are found the late Philip E. Pusey +and Archd. Lee,—Canon Cook and Dr. Field,—the Bishop of +S. Andrews and Dr. S. C. Malan. Lastly, at the end of +fifty-one years, (viz. in 1881,) Drs. Westcott and Hort have +revived Lachmann's unsatisfactory method,—superadding +thereto not a few extravagances of their own. That their +views have been received with expressions of the gravest +disapprobation, no one will deny. Indispensable to their +contention is the grossly improbable hypothesis that the +Peschito is to be regarded as the <span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised</span></em>) +Syriac; Cureton's, as the <span class="tei tei-q">“Vetus”</span> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">original</span></em> Syriac version. +And yet, while I write, the Abbé Martin at Paris is giving it +as the result of his labours on this subject, that Cureton's +Version cannot be anything of the sort.<a id="noteref_869" name="noteref_869" href="#note_869"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">869</span></span></a> Whether Westcott +and Hort's theory of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em>”</span> Text has not received an +effectual quietus, let posterity decide. Ἁμέραι δ᾽ ἐπίλοιποι +μάρτυρες σοφώτατοι. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From which it becomes apparent that, at all events, <span class="tei tei-q">“the +fabric of Criticism which has been built up within the last +fifty years”</span> has not arisen without solemn and repeated +protest,—as well from within as from without. It may not +therefore be spoken of by you as something which men are +bound to maintain inviolate,—like an Article of the Creed. +It is quite competent, I mean, for any one to denounce the +entire system of Lachmann, Tischendorf and Tregelles,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as I +do now</span></em>,—as an egregious blunder; if he will but be at the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page383">[pg 383]</span><a name="Pg383" id="Pg383" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +pains to establish on a severe logical basis the contradictory +of not a few of their most important decrees. And you, my +lord Bishop, are respectfully reminded that your defence of +their system,—if you must needs defend what I deem +worthless,—must be conducted, not by sneers and an affectation +of superior enlightenment; still less by intimidation, +scornful language, and all those other bad methods whereby +it has been the way of Superstition in every age to rivet the +fetters of intellectual bondage: but by severe reasoning, and +calm discussion, and a free appeal to ancient Authority, and +a patient investigation of all the external evidence accessible. +I request therefore that we may hear no more of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> form +of argument. The Text of Lachmann and Tischendorf and +Tregelles,—of Westcott and Hort and Ellicott, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of the +Revisers</span></em>,)—is just now on its trial before the world.<a id="noteref_870" name="noteref_870" href="#note_870"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">870</span></span></a> +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[8] Bp. Ellicott's strange notions about the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">Textus Receptus.</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Your strangest mistakes and misrepresentations however +are connected with the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus.”</span> It evidently +exercises you sorely that <span class="tei tei-q">“with the Quarterly Reviewer, the +Received Text is a standard, by comparison with which all +extant documents, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">however indisputable their antiquity,</span></em> are +measured.”</span><a id="noteref_871" name="noteref_871" href="#note_871"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">871</span></span></a> But pray,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) By comparison with what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">other</span></em> standard, if not by +the Received Text, would you yourself obtain the measure +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page384">[pg 384]</span><a name="Pg384" id="Pg384" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of <span class="tei tei-q">“all extant documents,”</span> however ancient?... This +first. And next, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) Why should the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">indisputable antiquity</span></em>”</span> of a document +be supposed to disqualify it from being measured by +the same standard to which (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but only for convenience</span></em>) documents +of whatever date,—by common consent of scholars, at +home and abroad,—are invariably referred? And next, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) Surely, you cannot require to have it explained to +you that a standard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">comparison</span></span></em>, is not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">therefore</span></em> of necessity +a standard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">excellence</span></span></em>. Did you ever take the trouble to +collate a sacred manuscript? If you ever did, pray with +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></em> did you make your collation? In other words, what +<span class="tei tei-q">“standard”</span> did you employ?... Like Walton and Ussher,—like +Fell and Mill,—like Bentley, and Bengel, and Wetstein,—like +Birch, and Matthæi, and Griesbach, and Scholz,—like Lachmann, +and Tregelles, and Tischendorf, and Scrivener,—I +venture to assume that you collated your manuscript,—whether +it was of <span class="tei tei-q">“disputable”</span> or of <span class="tei tei-q">“indisputable antiquity,”</span>—with +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an ordinary copy of the Received Text</span></em>. If you did not, +your collation is of no manner of use. But, above all, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) How does it come to pass that you speak so scornfully +of the Received Text, seeing that (at p. 12 of your pamphlet) +you assure your readers that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its pedigree may be traced back to +a period perhaps antecedent to the oldest of our extant manuscripts</span></em>? +Surely, a traditional Text which (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">according to you</span></em>) +dates from about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 300, is good enough for the purpose of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Collation</span></em>! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) At last you say,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">If there were reason to suppose that the Received Text +represented </span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">verbatim et literatim</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> the text which was current at +Antioch in the days of Chrysostom, it would still be impossible +to regard it as a standard from which there was no appeal.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_872" name="noteref_872" href="#note_872"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">872</span></span></a> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page385">[pg 385]</span><a name="Pg385" id="Pg385" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Really, my lord Bishop, you must excuse me if I declare +plainly that the more I attend to your critical utterances, the +more I am astonished. From the confident style in which +you deliver yourself upon such matters, and especially from +your having undertaken to preside over a Revision of the +Sacred Text, one would suppose that at some period of your +life you must have given the subject a considerable amount +of time and attention. But indeed the foregoing sentence +virtually contains two propositions neither of which could +possibly have been penned by one even moderately +acquainted with the facts of Textual Criticism. For first, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) You speak of <span class="tei tei-q">“representing <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">verbatim et literatim</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the</span></span> +Text which was current at Antioch in the days of Chrysostom.”</span> +Do you then really suppose that there existed at +Antioch, at any period between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 354 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 407, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some +one definite Text of the N. T. </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">capable</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> of being so represented</span></em>?—If +you do, pray will you indulge us with the grounds for +such an extraordinary supposition? Your <span class="tei tei-q">“acquaintance”</span> +(Dr. Tregelles) will tell you that such a fancy has long since +been swept away <span class="tei tei-q">“at once and for ever.”</span> And secondly, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) You say that, even if there were reason to suppose that +the <span class="tei tei-q">“Received Text”</span> were such-and-such a thing,—<span class="tei tei-q">“it would +still be impossible to regard it as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a standard from which there +was no appeal</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But pray, who in his senses,—what sane man in Great +Britain,—ever dreamed of regarding the <span class="tei tei-q">“Received,”</span>—aye, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or +any other known </span><span class="tei tei-q">“Text,”</span></em>—as <span class="tei tei-q">“a standard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from which there shall +be no appeal</span></em>”</span>? Have I ever done so? Have I ever <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">implied</span></em> +as much? If I have, show me <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">where</span></em>. You refer your +readers to the following passage in my first Article:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">What precedes admits to some extent of further numerical +illustration. It is discovered that, in 111 pages, ... the serious +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page386">[pg 386]</span><a name="Pg386" id="Pg386" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +deflections of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> from the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> amount in all to only +842: whereas in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> they amount to 1798: in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to 2370: in א, to +3392: in </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to 4697. The readings </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">peculiar to</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> within the same +limits are 133: those peculiar to </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> are 170. But those of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +amount to 197: while א exhibits 443: and the readings peculiar +to </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (within the same limits), are no fewer than 1829.... We +submit that these facts are not altogether calculated to inspire +confidence in codices </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> א </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. 14. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, do you really require to have it explained to you that +it is entirely to misunderstand the question to object to such +a comparison of codices as is found above, (viz. in pages 14 +and 17,) on the ground that it was made with the text of +Stephanus lying open before me? Would not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the self-same +phenomenon</span></em> have been evolved by collation with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any other</span></em> +text? If you doubt it, sit down and try the experiment for +yourself. Believe me, Robert Etienne in the XVIth century +was not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the cause</span></em> why cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> in the IVth and cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> in the +VIth are so widely discordant and divergent from one another: +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> so utterly at variance with both.<a id="noteref_873" name="noteref_873" href="#note_873"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">873</span></span></a> We <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></em> have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some</span></em> +standard whereby to test,—wherewith to compare,—Manuscripts. +What is more, (give me leave to assure you,) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to the +end of time</span></em> it will probably be the practice of scholars to compare +MSS. of the N. T. with the <span class="tei tei-q">“Received Text.”</span> The hopeless +discrepancies between our five <span class="tei tei-q">“old uncials,”</span> can in no more +convenient way be exhibited, than by referring each of them in +turn to one and the same common standard. And,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">What</span></em> +standard more reasonable and more convenient than the Text +which, by the good Providence of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, was universally +employed throughout Europe for the first 300 years after the +invention of printing? being practically <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">identical</span></em> with the +Text which (as you yourself admit) was in popular use at the +end of three centuries from the date of the sacred autographs +themselves: in other word, being more than 1500 years old. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page387">[pg 387]</span><a name="Pg387" id="Pg387" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[9] The Reviewer vindicates himself against Bp. Ellicott's misconceptions.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But you are quite determined that I shall mean something +essentially different. The Quarterly Reviewer, (you say,) is +one who <span class="tei tei-q">“contends that the Received Text needs but little +emendation; and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may be used without emendation as a +standard</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_874" name="noteref_874" href="#note_874"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">874</span></span></a> I am, (you say,) one of <span class="tei tei-q">“those who adopt the +easy method of making the Received Text a standard.”</span><a id="noteref_875" name="noteref_875" href="#note_875"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">875</span></span></a> +My <span class="tei tei-q">“Criticism,”</span> (it seems,) <span class="tei tei-q">“often rests ultimately upon the +notion that it is little else but sacrilege to impugn the +tradition of the last three hundred years.”</span><a id="noteref_876" name="noteref_876" href="#note_876"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">876</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The last three +hundred years</span></em>:”</span> as if the Traditional Text of the N. Testament +dated from the 25th of Queen Elizabeth!)—I regard the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span> therefore, according to you, as the Ephesians +regarded the image of the great goddess Diana; namely, +as a thing which, one fine morning, <span class="tei tei-q">“fell down from Jupiter.”</span><a id="noteref_877" name="noteref_877" href="#note_877"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">877</span></span></a> +I mistake the Received Text, (you imply,) for the Divine +Original, the Sacred Autographs,—and erect it into <span class="tei tei-q">“a standard +from which there shall be no appeal,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“a tradition which it +is little else but sacrilege to impugn.”</span> That is how you state +my case and condition: hopelessly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">confusing</span></em> the standard of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Comparison</span></em> with the standard of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Excellence</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +By this time, however, enough has been said to convince +any fair person that you are without warrant in your present +contention. Let <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> candid scholar cast an impartial eye +over the preceding three hundred and fifty pages,—open the +volume where he will, and read steadily on to the end of any +textual discussion,—and then say whether, on the contrary, +my criticism does not invariably rest on the principle that +the Truth of Scripture is to be sought in that form of the +Sacred Text which has <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the fullest</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the widest</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and the most +varied attestation</span></em>.<a id="noteref_878" name="noteref_878" href="#note_878"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">878</span></span></a> Do I not invariably make <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page388">[pg 388]</span><a name="Pg388" id="Pg388" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +voice of Antiquity</span></em> my standard? If I do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>,—if, on the contrary, +I have ever once appealed to the <span class="tei tei-q">“Received Text,”</span> and +made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it</span></em> my standard,—why do you not prove the truth of +your allegation by adducing in evidence that one particular +instance? instead of bringing against me a charge which +is utterly without foundation, and which can have no other +effect but to impose upon the ignorant; to mislead the +unwary; and to prejudice the great Textual question which +hopelessly divides you and me?... I trust that at least you +will not again confound the standard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of Comparison</span></em> with the +standard <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of Truth</span></em>. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[10] Analysis of contents of Bp. Ellicott's pamphlet.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You state at page 6, that what you propose to yourself +by your pamphlet, is,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">First</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to supply accurate information, in a popular form, +concerning the Greek text of the Now Testament:</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Secondly</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, to establish, by means of the information so supplied, +the soundness of the principles on which the Revisers have +acted in their choice of readings; and by consequence, the importance +of the </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">New Greek Text:</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—[or, as you phrase it at p. +29,]—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">to enable the reader to form a fair judgment on the question +of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the trustworthiness of the readings adopted by the Revisers</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To the former of these endeavours you devote twenty-three +pages: (viz. p. 7 to p. 29):—to the latter, you devote +forty-two; (viz. p. 37 to p. 78). The intervening eight pages +are dedicated,—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) To the constitution of the Revisionist +body: and next, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) To the amount of good faith with which +you and your colleagues observed the conditions imposed upon +you by the Southern Houses of Convocation. I propose to +follow you over the ground in which you have thus entrenched +yourself, and to drive you out of every position in turn. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[11] Bp. Ellicott's account of the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">.</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +First then, for your strenuous endeavour (pp. 7-10) to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page389">[pg 389]</span><a name="Pg389" id="Pg389" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +prejudice the question by pouring contempt on the humblest +ancestor of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>—namely, the first edition of +Erasmus. You know very well that the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span> +is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> the first edition of Erasmus. Why then do you so +describe its origin as to imply that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it is</span></em>? You ridicule the +circumstances under which a certain ancestor of the family +first saw the light. You reproduce with evident satisfaction +a silly witticism of Michaelis, viz. that, in his judgment, the +Evangelium on which Erasmus chiefly relied was not worth +the two florins which the monks of Basle gave for it. +Equally contemptible (according to you) were the copies of +the Acts, the Epistles, and the Apocalypse which the same +scholar employed for the rest of his first edition. Having +in this way done your best to blacken a noble house by +dilating on the low ebb to which its fortunes were reduced +at a critical period of its history, some three centuries and a +half ago,—you pause to make your own comment on the +spectacle thus exhibited to the eyes of unlearned readers, lest +any should fail to draw therefrom the injurious inference +which is indispensable for your argument:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">We have entered into these details, because we desire that +the general reader should know fully the true pedigree of that +printed text of the Greek Testament which has been in common +use for the last three centuries. It will be observed that its +documentary origin is not calculated to inspire any great confidence. +Its parents, as we have seen, were two or three late +manuscripts of little critical value, which accident seems to +have brought into the hands of their first editor.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. 10. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, your account of the origin of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span> +shall be suffered to stand uncontradicted. But the important +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inference</span></em>, which you intend that inattentive or incompetent +readers should draw therefrom, shall be scattered to the +winds by the unequivocal testimony of no less distinguished +a witness than yourself. Notwithstanding all that has gone +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page390">[pg 390]</span><a name="Pg390" id="Pg390" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +before, you are constrained to confess <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the very next page</span></em> +that:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The manuscripts which Erasmus used differ, for the most +part, </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">only in small and insignificant details from the bulk of the +cursive manuscripts</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. The general character of their text is the +same. By this observation the pedigree of the Received Text +is carried up beyond the individual manuscripts used by +Erasmus.... </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">That</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> pedigree stretches back to a remote antiquity. +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">The first ancestor of the Received Text was at least +contemporary with the oldest of our extant manuscripts, if not older +than any one of them.</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—pp. 11, 12. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +By your own showing therefore, the Textus Receptus is, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at +least</span></em>,”</span> 1550 years old. Nay, we will have the fact over again, +in words which you adopt from p. 92 of Westcott and +Hort's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> [see above, p. <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref">257</a>], and clearly make +your own:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The fundamental text of late extant Greek MSS. generally +is </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">beyond all question identical</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> with the dominant Antiochian or +Græco-Syrian </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Text of the second half of the fourth century</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. +12. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, if this be so,—(and I am not concerned to dispute +your statement in a single particular,)—of what possible +significancy can it be to your present contention, that the +ancestry of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">written Word</span></span> (like the ancestors of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word incarnate</span></span>) had at one time declined to the wondrous +low estate on which you enlarged at first with such evident +satisfaction? Though the fact be admitted that Joseph <span class="tei tei-q">“the +carpenter”</span> was <span class="tei tei-q">“the husband of Mary, of whom was born +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>, who is called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>,”</span>—what possible inconvenience +results from that circumstance so long as the only thing contended +for be loyally conceded,—namely, that the descent of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Messiah</span></span> is lineally traceable back to the patriarch Abraham, +through David the King? And the genealogy of the +written, no less than the genealogy of the Incarnate <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page391">[pg 391]</span><a name="Pg391" id="Pg391" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is traceable back by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two distinct lines of descent</span></em>, remember: +for the <span class="tei tei-q">“Complutensian,”</span> which was printed in 1514, exhibits +the <span class="tei tei-q">“Traditional Text”</span> with the same general fidelity as the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Erasmian,”</span> which did not see the light till two years later. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[12] Bp. Ellicott derives his estimate of the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> +from Westcott and Hart's fable of a </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">Syrian Text</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">.</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let us hear what comes next:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">At this point a question suggests itself which we cannot +refuse to consider. If the pedigree of the Received Text may +be traced back to so early a period, does it not deserve the +honour which is given to it by the Quarterly Reviewer?</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. +12. +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A very pertinent question truly. We are made attentive: +the more so, because you announce that your reply to this +question shall <span class="tei tei-q">“go to the bottom of the controversy with +which we are concerned.”</span><a id="noteref_879" name="noteref_879" href="#note_879"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">879</span></span></a> That reply is as follows:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">If there were reason to suppose that the Received Text +represented </span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">verbatim et literatim</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> the text which was current at +Antioch in the days of Chrysostom, it would still be impossible +to regard it as a standard </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">from which there was no appeal</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">. The +reason why this would be impossible may be stated briefly as +follows. In the ancient documents which have come down to +us,—amongst which, as is well known, are manuscripts written +in the fourth century,—we possess evidence that other texts of +the Greek Testament existed in the age of Chrysostom, materially +different from the text which he and the Antiochian writers +generally employed. Moreover, a rigorous examination of +extant documents shows that the Antiochian or (as we shall +henceforth call it with Dr. Hort) the Syrian text did not +represent an earlier tradition than those other texts, but was +in fact of later origin than the rest. We cannot accept it +therefore as </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a final standard</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—pp. 13, 14. +</span></div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page392">[pg 392]</span><a name="Pg392" id="Pg392" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">final</span></em> standard”</span>!... Nay but, why do you suddenly +introduce this unheard-of characteristic? <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who</span></em>, pray, since +the invention of Printing was ever known to put forward <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> +existing Text as <span class="tei tei-q">“a final standard”</span>? Not the Quarterly +Reviewer certainly. <span class="tei tei-q">“The honour which is given to the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> by the Quarterly Reviewer”</span> is no other than +the honour which it has enjoyed at the hands of scholars, by +universal consent, for the last three centuries. That is to say, +he uses it as a standard of comparison, and employs it for +habitual reference. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">So do you.</span></em> You did so, at least, in the +year 1870. You did more; for you proposed <span class="tei tei-q">“to proceed +with the work of Revision, whether of text or translation, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">making the current </span><span class="tei tei-q">‘Textus Receptus’</span><span style="font-style: italic"> the standard</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_880" name="noteref_880" href="#note_880"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">880</span></span></a> We +are perfectly agreed therefore. For my own part, being fully +convinced, like yourself, that essentially the Received Text is +full 1550 years old,—(yes, and a vast deal older,)—I esteem it +quite good enough for all ordinary purposes. And yet, so +far am I from pinning my faith to it, that I eagerly make my +appeal <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from</span></em> it to the threefold witness of Copies, Versions, +Fathers, whenever I find its testimony challenged.—And +with this renewed explanation of my sentiments,—(which one +would have thought that no competent person could require,)—I +proceed to consider the reply which you promise shall <span class="tei tei-q">“go +to the bottom of the controversy with which we are concerned.”</span> +I beg that you will not again seek to divert attention +from that which is the real matter of dispute betwixt +you and me. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +What kind of argumentation then is this before us? You +assure us that,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“A rigorous examination of extant documents,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“shows”</span> +Dr. Hort—<span class="tei tei-q">“that the Syrian text”</span>—[which for all +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page393">[pg 393]</span><a name="Pg393" id="Pg393" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +practical purposes may be considered as only another name +for the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span>]—was of later origin than <span class="tei tei-q">“other +texts of the Greek Testament”</span> which <span class="tei tei-q">“existed in the age of +Chrysostom.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“We cannot accept it therefore as a final standard.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But,—Of what nature is the logical process by which you +have succeeded in convincing yourself that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> consequent +can be got out of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> antecedent? Put a parallel case:—<span class="tei tei-q">“A +careful analysis of herbs <span class="tei tei-q">‘shows’</span> Dr. Short that the only safe +diet for Man is a particular kind of rank grass which grows +in the Ely fens. We must therefore leave off eating butcher's +meat.”</span>—Does <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> seem to you altogether a satisfactory +argument? To me, it is a mere <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">non sequitur</span></span>. Do but consider +the matter for a moment. <span class="tei tei-q">“A rigorous examination of +extant documents shows”</span> Dr. Hort—such and such things. +<span class="tei tei-q">“A rigorous examination of the”</span> same <span class="tei tei-q">“documents shows”</span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em>—that Dr. Hort <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is mistaken</span></em>. A careful study of his book +convinces <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em> that his theory of a Syrian Recension, manufactured +between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, is a dream, pure and +simple—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a mere phantom of the brain</span></em>. Dr. Hort's course is +obvious. Let him <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">first</span></em> make his processes of proof intelligible, +and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em> public. You cannot possibly suppose that the fable +of <span class="tei tei-q">“a Syrian text,”</span> though it has evidently satisfied <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, +will be accepted by thoughtful Englishmen without proof. +What prospect do you suppose you have of convincing the +world that Dr. Hort is competent to assign <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a date</span></em> to this +creature of his own imagination; of which he has hitherto +failed to demonstrate so much as the probable existence? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have, for my own part, established by abundant references +to his writings that he is one of those who, (through +some intellectual peculiarity,) are for ever mistaking +conjectures for facts,—assertions for arguments,—and reiterated +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page394">[pg 394]</span><a name="Pg394" id="Pg394" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +asseveration for accumulated proof. He deserves +sympathy, certainly: for,—(like the man who passed his life +in trying to count how many grains of sand will exactly fill +a quart pot;—or like his unfortunate brother, who made it +his business to prove that nothing, multiplied by a sufficient +number of figures, amounts to something;)—he has evidently +taken a prodigious deal of useless trouble. The spectacle +of an able and estimable man exhibiting such singular inaptitude +for a province of study which, beyond all others, +demands a clear head and a calm, dispassionate judgment,—creates +distress. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[13] Bp. Ellicott has completely adopted Westcott and Hort's +Theory.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But in the meantime, so confident are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> of the existence +of a <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian text,”</span>—(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only however because Dr. Hort is</span></em>,)—that +you inflict upon your readers all the consequences which +<span class="tei tei-q">“the Syrian text”</span> is supposed to carry with it. Your method +is certainly characterized by humility: for it consists in +merely serving up to the British public a <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">réchauffé</span></span> of Westcott +and Hort's Textual Theory. I cannot discover that you +contribute anything of your own to the meagre outline you +furnish of it. Everything is assumed—as before. Nothing +is proved—as before. And we are referred to Dr. Hort for +the resolution of every difficulty which Dr. Hort has created. +<span class="tei tei-q">“According to Dr. Hort,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“as Dr. Hort observes,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“to +use Dr. Hort's language,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“stated by Dr. Hort,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“as Dr. +Hort notices,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“says Dr. Hort:”</span> yes, from p. 14 of your +pamphlet to p. 29 you do nothing else but reproduce—Dr. +Hort! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +First comes the fabulous account of the contents of the +bulk of the cursives:<a id="noteref_881" name="noteref_881" href="#note_881"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">881</span></span></a>—then, the imaginary history of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page395">[pg 395]</span><a name="Pg395" id="Pg395" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Syriac Vulgate;”</span> which (it seems) bears <span class="tei tei-q">“indisputable +traces”</span> of being a revision, of which you have learned <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from +Dr. Hort</span></em> the date:<a id="noteref_882" name="noteref_882" href="#note_882"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">882</span></span></a>—then comes the same disparagement of +the ancient Greek Fathers,—<span class="tei tei-q">“for reasons which have been +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stated by Dr. Hort</span></em> with great clearness and cogency:”</span><a id="noteref_883" name="noteref_883" href="#note_883"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">883</span></span></a>—then, +the same depreciatory estimate of writers subsequent +to Eusebius,—whose evidence is declared to <span class="tei tei-q">“stand at best +on no higher level than the evidence of inferior manuscripts +in the uncial class:”</span><a id="noteref_884" name="noteref_884" href="#note_884"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">884</span></span></a> but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> because it is discovered to be +destructive of the theory <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of Dr. Hort</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Next comes <span class="tei tei-q">“the Method of Genealogy,”</span>—which you +declare is the result of <span class="tei tei-q">“vast research, unwearied patience, +great critical sagacity;”</span><a id="noteref_885" name="noteref_885" href="#note_885"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">885</span></span></a> but which I am prepared to prove +is, on the contrary, a shallow expedient for dispensing with +scientific Induction and the laborious accumulation of evidence. +This same <span class="tei tei-q">“Method of Genealogy,”</span> you are not +ashamed to announce as <span class="tei tei-q">“the great contribution of our own +times to a mastery over materials.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“For the full explanation +of it, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you must refer your reader to Dr. Hort's Introduction</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_886" name="noteref_886" href="#note_886"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">886</span></span></a> +Can you be serious? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then come the results to which <span class="tei tei-q">“the application of this +method <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has conducted Drs. Westcott and Hort</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_887" name="noteref_887" href="#note_887"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">887</span></span></a> And first, +the fable of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Text”</span>—which <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dr. Hort considers</span></em> to +have been the result of a deliberate Recension,”</span> conducted +on erroneous principles. This fabricated product of the IIIrd +and IVth centuries, (you say,) rose to supremacy,—became +dominant at Antioch,—passed thence to Constantinople,—and +once established there, soon vindicated its claim to be +the N. T. of the East: whence it overran the West, and for +300 years as the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus,”</span> has held undisputed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page396">[pg 396]</span><a name="Pg396" id="Pg396" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sway.<a id="noteref_888" name="noteref_888" href="#note_888"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">888</span></span></a> Really, my lord Bishop, you describe imaginary +events in truly Oriental style. One seems to be reading not +so much of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian Text”</span> as of the Syrian Impostor. +One expects every moment to hear of some feat of this +fabulous Recension corresponding with the surrender of +the British troops and Arabi's triumphant entry into Cairo +with the head of Sir Beauchamp Seymour in his hand! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this is followed, of course, by the weak fable of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral”</span> Text, and of the absolute supremacy of Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—which +is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stated in Dr. Hort's own words</span></em>:”</span><a id="noteref_889" name="noteref_889" href="#note_889"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">889</span></span></a>—viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> very +far exceeds all other documents in neutrality of text, being +in fact always, or nearly always, neutral.”</span> (The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fact</span></em> being +that codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> is demonstrably one of the most corrupt documents +in existence.) The posteriority of the (imaginary) +<span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian,”</span> to the (imaginary) <span class="tei tei-q">“Neutral,”</span> is insisted upon +next in order, as a matter of course: and declared to rest +upon three other considerations,—each one of which is found +to be pure fable: viz. (1) On the fable of <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation,”</span> which +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seems</span></em> to supply a proof”</span> that Syrian readings are posterior +both to Western and to Neutral readings—but, (as I have +elsewhere<a id="noteref_890" name="noteref_890" href="#note_890"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">890</span></span></a> shown, at considerable length,) most certainly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></em> +not:—(2) On Ante-Nicene Patristic evidence,—of which +however not a syllable is produced:—(3) On <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Transcriptional +probability</span></em>”</span>—which is about as useful a substitute for +proof as a sweet-pea for a walking-stick. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Widely dissimilar of course is your own view of the +importance of the foregoing instruments of conviction. To +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, <span class="tei tei-q">“these three reasons taken together seem to make up +an argument for the posteriority of the Syrian Text, which it +is impossible to resist. They form”</span> (you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“a threefold +cord of evidence which [you] believe will bear any amount +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page397">[pg 397]</span><a name="Pg397" id="Pg397" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of argumentative strain.”</span> You rise with your subject, and at +last break out into eloquence and vituperation:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Writers +like the Reviewer may attempt to cut the cord <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by reckless +and unverified assertions</span></em>: but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the knife has not yet been fabricated +that can equitably separate any one of its strands</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_891" name="noteref_891" href="#note_891"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">891</span></span></a>... +So effectually, as well as so deliberately, have you lashed +yourself—for better or for worse—to Westcott and Hort's +New Textual Theory, that you must now of necessity either +share its future triumphs, or else be a partaker in its coming +humiliation. Am I to congratulate you on your prospects? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For my part, I make no secret of the fact that I look +upon the entire speculation about which you are so enthusiastic, +as an excursion into cloud-land: a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">dream</span></em> and nothing +more. My contention is,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> that the Theory of Drs. Westcott +and Hort rests on an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insecure</span></em> foundation, but, that it +rests on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no foundation at all</span></em>. Moreover, I am greatly mistaken +if this has not been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrated</span></em> in the foregoing +pages.<a id="noteref_892" name="noteref_892" href="#note_892"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">892</span></span></a> On one point, at all events, there cannot exist a +particle of doubt; namely, that so far from its <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not being for +you to interpose in this controversy</span></em>”</span>—you are without alternative. +You must either come forward at once, and bring it to +a successful issue: or else, you must submit to be told that +you have suffered defeat, inasmuch as you are inextricably +involved in Westcott and Hort's discomfiture. You are simply +without remedy. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em> may <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">find nothing in the Reviewer's +third article to require a further answer</span></em>:”</span> but readers of +intelligence will tell you that your finding, since it does not +proceed from stupidity, can only result from your consciousness +that you have made a serious blunder: and that now, +the less you say about <span class="tei tei-q">“Westcott and Hort's new textual +Theory,”</span> the better. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page398">[pg 398]</span><a name="Pg398" id="Pg398" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[14] The Question modestly proposed,—Whether Bp. Ellicott's +adoption of Westcott and Hort's </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">new Textual Theory</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> does +not amount to (what lawyers call) </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%; font-variant: small-caps">Conspiracy</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">?</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, my lord Bishop, when I reach the end of your +laborious avowal that you entirely accept <span class="tei tei-q">“Westcott and +Hort's new Textual Theory,”</span>—I find it impossible to withhold +the respectful enquiry,—Is such a proceeding on your part +altogether allowable? I frankly confess that to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em> the +wholesale adoption by the Chairman of the Revising body, of +the theory of two of the Revisers,—and then, his exclusive +reproduction and vindication of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that theory</span></em>, when he undertakes, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">to supply the reader with a few broad outlines of Textual +Criticism, so as to enable him to form </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">a fair judgment</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> on the +question of the trustworthiness of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">the readings adopted by the +Revisers</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—p. 29, +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +all this, my lord Bishop, I frankly avow, to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em>, looks very +much indeed like what, in the language of lawyers, is called +<span class="tei tei-q">“Conspiracy.”</span> It appears then that instead of presiding +over the deliberations of the Revisionists as an impartial +arbiter, you have been throughout, heart and soul, an eager +partizan. You have learned to employ freely Drs. Westcott +and Hort's peculiar terminology. You adopt their scarcely-intelligible +phrases: their wild hypotheses: their arbitrary +notions about <span class="tei tei-q">“Intrinsic”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Transcriptional Probability:”</span> +their baseless theory of <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation:”</span> their shallow <span class="tei tei-q">“Method +of Genealogy.”</span> You have, in short, evidently swallowed +their novel invention whole. I can no longer wonder at +the result arrived at by the body of Revisionists. Well +may Dr. Scrivener have pleaded in vain! He found Drs. +Ellicott and Westcott and Hort too many for him.... But +it is high time that I should pass on. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page399">[pg 399]</span><a name="Pg399" id="Pg399" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[15] Proofs that the Revisers have outrageously exceeded the +Instructions they received from the Convocation of the Southern +Province.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It follows next to enquire whether your work as Revisers +was conducted in conformity with the conditions imposed +upon you by the Southern House of Convocation, or not. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Nothing</span></em>”</span> (you say)— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">can be more unjust</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> on the part of the Reviewer than to suggest, +as he has suggested in more than one passage,</span><a id="noteref_893" name="noteref_893" href="#note_893"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">893</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> that the Revisers +</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">exceeded their Instructions</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> in the course which they adopted with +regard to the Greek Text. On the contrary, as we shall show, +they adhered most closely to their Instructions; and did neither +more nor less than they were required to do.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 32.) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Reviewer,”</span> my lord Bishop, proceeds to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrate</span></em> +that you <span class="tei tei-q">“exceeded your Instructions,”</span> even to an extraordinary +extent. But it will be convenient first to hear you +out. You proceed,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Let us turn to the Rule. It is simply as follows:—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">That +the text to be adopted be that for which the Evidence </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">is +decidedly preponderating</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">: and that when the text so adopted +differs from that from which the Authorized Version was made, +the alteration be indicated in the margin.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">) +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But you seem to have forgotten that the <span class="tei tei-q">“Rule”</span> which +you quote formed no part of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Instructions</span></span>”</span> which were +imposed upon you by Convocation. It was one of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Principles <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">agreed to by the Committee</span></em>”</span> (25 May, 1870),—a +Rule <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of your own making</span></em> therefore,—for which Convocation +neither was nor is responsible. The <span class="tei tei-q">“fundamental Resolutions +adopted by the Convocation of Canterbury”</span> (3rd and +5th May, 1870), five in number, contain no authorization +whatever for making changes in the Greek Text. They have +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page400">[pg 400]</span><a name="Pg400" id="Pg400" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +reference only to the work of revising <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Authorized Version</span></span>:”</span> +an undertaking which the first Resolution declares to +be <span class="tei tei-q">“desirable.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“In order to ascertain what were the Revisers' +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Instructions</span></span> with regard to the Greek Text,”</span> we must refer +to the original Resolution of Feb. 10th, 1870: in which the +removal of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>, whether in the Greek +Text originally adopted by the Translators, or in the Translation +made from the same,”</span>—is for the first and last time +mentioned. That you yourself accepted this as the limit of +your authority, is proved by your Speech in Convocation. +<span class="tei tei-q">“We may be satisfied”</span> (you said) <span class="tei tei-q">“with the attempt to +correct <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear errors</span></em>: but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there, it is our duty to +stop</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_894" name="noteref_894" href="#note_894"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">894</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now I venture to assert that not one in a hundred of +the alterations you have actually made, <span class="tei tei-q">“whether in the +Greek Text originally adopted by the Translators, or in the +Translation made from the same,”</span> are corrections of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain +and clear errors</span></em>.”</span> Rather,—(to adopt the words of the learned +Bishop of Lincoln,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“I fear we must say in candour that in +the Revised Version we meet in every page with changes +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which seem almost to be made for the sake of change</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_895" name="noteref_895" href="#note_895"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">895</span></span></a> May I +trouble you to refer back to p. 112 of the present volume for +a few words more on this subject from the pen of the same +judicious Prelate? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And first</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">In respect of the New English Version</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For my own part, (see above, pp. <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref">171-2</a>,) I thought the best +thing I could do would be to illustrate the nature of my +complaint, by citing and commenting on an actual instance +of your method. I showed how, in revising eight-and-thirty +words (2 Pet. i. 5-7), you had contrived to introduce no +fewer than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thirty changes</span></em>,—every one of them being clearly +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page401">[pg 401]</span><a name="Pg401" id="Pg401" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +a change for the worse. You will perhaps say,—Find me +another such case! I find it, my lord Bishop, in S. Luke viii. +45, 46,—where you have made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nineteen changes</span></em> in revising +the translation of four-and-thirty words. I proceed to +transcribe the passage; requesting you to bear in mind your +own emphatic protestation,—<span class="tei tei-q">“We made <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> change <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">if the +meaning was fairly expressed</span></em> by the word or phrase before +us.”</span> +</p> + +<table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="2"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell">A.V.</td><td class="tei tei-cell">R.V.</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“Peter and they that were +with him said, Master, the +multitude throng thee and +press thee, and sayest thou, +Who touched me? And Jesus +said, Somebody hath touched +me: for I perceive that virtue +is gone out of me.”</span></td> +<td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“Peter said [1], and they that +were with him, Master the +multitudes [2] press [3] thee and +crush thee [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.] +But [11] Jesus said, Some one [12] did +touch [14] me: for I perceived [15] that +power [16] had [17] gone forth [18] from [19] +me.”</span></td></tr></tbody></table> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now pray,—Was not <span class="tei tei-q">“the meaning <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fairly expressed</span></em>”</span> before? +Will you tell me that in revising S. Luke viii. 45-6, you +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">made as few alterations as possible</span></em>”</span>? or will you venture +to assert that you have removed none but <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and +clear errors</span></em>”</span>? On the contrary. I challenge any competent +scholar in Great Britain to say <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">whether every one of these +changes</span></em> be not either absolutely useless, or else <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decidedly a +change for the worse</span></em>: six of them being downright <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">errors</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The transposition in the opening sentence is infelicitous, +to say the least. (The English language will not bear such +handling. Literally, no doubt, the words mean, <span class="tei tei-q">“said Peter, +and they that were with him.”</span> But you may not so <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">translate</span></em>.)—The +omission of the six interesting words, indicated +within square brackets, is a serious blunder.<a id="noteref_896" name="noteref_896" href="#note_896"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">896</span></span></a> The words are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page402">[pg 402]</span><a name="Pg402" id="Pg402" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">undoubtedly</span></em> genuine. I wonder how you can have ventured +thus to mutilate the Book of Life. And why did you +not, out of common decency and reverence, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least in the +margin</span></em>, preserve a record of the striking clause which +you thus,—with well-meant assiduity, but certainly with +deplorable rashness,—forcibly ejected from the text? +To proceed however.—<span class="tei tei-q">“Multitudes,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“but,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“one,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“did,”</span>— <span class="tei tei-q">“power,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“forth,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“from:”</span>—are +all seven either needless +changes, or improper, or undesirable. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Did touch</span></em>,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perceived</span></em>,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had +gone forth</span></em>,”</span>—are unidiomatic and incorrect +expressions. I have already explained this elsewhere.<a id="noteref_897" name="noteref_897" href="#note_897"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">897</span></span></a> The +aorist (ἥψατο) has here a perfect signification, as in countless +other places:—ἔγνων, (like <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">novi</span></span>,”</span>) is frequently (as here) to +be Englished by the present (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I perceive</span></em>”</span>): and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is gone out +of me</span></em>”</span> is the nearest rendering of ἐξελθοῦσαν<a id="noteref_898" name="noteref_898" href="#note_898"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">898</span></span></a> ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page403">[pg 403]</span><a name="Pg403" id="Pg403" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which our language will bear.—Lastly, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">press</span></em>”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">crush</span></em>,”</span> +as renderings of συνέχουσι and ἀποθλίβουσι, are inexact and +unscholarlike. Συνέχειν, (literally <span class="tei tei-q">“to encompass”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“hem +in,”</span>) is here to <span class="tei tei-q">“throng”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“crowd:”</span> ἀποθλίβειν, (literally +<span class="tei tei-q">“to squeeze,”</span>) is here to <span class="tei tei-q">“press.”</span> But in fact the words were +perfectly well rendered by our Translators of 1611, and +ought to have been let alone.—This specimen may suffice, +(and it is a very fair specimen,) of what has been your +calamitous method of revising the A. V. throughout. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +So much then for the Revised <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English</span></em>. The fate of the +Revised <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></em> is even more extraordinary. I proceed to +explain myself by instancing what has happened in respect +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gospel according to S. Luke</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Next</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">In respect of the New Greek Text.</span></em> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On examining the 836<a id="noteref_899" name="noteref_899" href="#note_899"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">899</span></span></a> Greek Textual corrections which +you have introduced into those 1151 verses, I find that at least +356 of them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do not affect the English rendering at all</span></em>. I mean +to say that those 356 (supposed) emendations are either +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">incapable</span></em> of being represented in a Translation, or at least +are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> represented. Thus, in S. Luke iv. 3, whether εἶπε +δέ or καὶ εἶπεν is read:—in ver. 7, whether ἐμοῦ or μου:—in +ver. 8, whether Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσες, or Προσκυνήσεις +Κ. τὸν Θ. σου; whether ἤγαγε δέ or καὶ ἤγαγεν; +whether υἱός or ὁ υἱός:—in ver. 17, whether τοῦ προφήτου +Ἡσαïου or Ἡ. τοῦ προφήτου; whether ἀνοίξας or ἀναπτύξας:—in +ver. 18, whether εὐαγγελίσασθαι or εὐαγγελίζεσθαι:—in +ver. 20, whether οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ or ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ +οἱ ὀφθαλμοί:—in ver. 23, whether εἰς τήν or ἐν τῇ:—in ver. 27, +whether ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἐπὶ Ἐλισσαίου τοῦ προφήτου or ἐπὶ +Ἐλισσ., τοῦ π. ἐν τῷ Ἰ.:—in ver. 29, whether ὀφρύος or τῆς +ὀφρύος; whether ὥστε or εἰς τό:—in ver. 35, whether ἀπ᾽ or +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page404">[pg 404]</span><a name="Pg404" id="Pg404" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +ἐξ:—in ver. 38, whether ἀπό or ἐκ; whether πενθερά or +ἡ πενθερά:—in ver. 43, whether ἐπί or εἰς; whether +ἀπεστάλην or ἀπέσταλμαι:—in ver. 44, whether εἰς τὰς +συναγωγάς or ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς:—in every one of these +cases, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the English remains the same</span></em>, whichever of the +alternative readings is adopted. At least 19 therefore out +of the 33 changes which you introduced into the Greek Text +of S. Luke iv. are plainly gratuitous. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Thirteen</span></em> of those 19, (or about two-thirds,) are also in my +opinion changes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></em> the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">worse</span></em>: are nothing else, I mean, but +substitutions of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wrong for right</span></em> Readings. But <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> is not +my present contention. The point I am just now contending +for is this:—That, since it certainly was no part of your +<span class="tei tei-q">“Instructions,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Rules,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“Principles”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to invent a new Greek +Text</span></em>,—or indeed to meddle with the original Greek at all, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">except so far as was absolutely necessary for the Revision of the +English Version</span></em>,—it is surely a very grave form of inaccuracy +to assert (as you now do) that you <span class="tei tei-q">“adhered most closely to +your Instructions, and did neither more nor less than you +were required.”</span>—You <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">know</span></em> that you did a vast deal more +than you had any authority or right to do: a vast deal more +than you had the shadow of a pretext for doing. Worse than +that. You deliberately forsook the province to which you +had been exclusively appointed by the Southern Convocation,—and +you ostentatiously invaded another and a distinct +province; viz. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> of the critical Editorship of the Greek +Text: for which, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by your own confession</span></em>,—(I take leave to +remind you of your own honest avowal, quoted above at +page <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref">369</a>,)—you and your colleagues <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">knew</span></em> yourselves to be +incompetent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For, when those 356 wholly gratuitous and uncalled-for +changes in the Greek of S. Luke's Gospel come to be +examined in detail, they are found to affect far more than +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page405">[pg 405]</span><a name="Pg405" id="Pg405" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +356 words. By the result, 92 words have been omitted; +and 33 added. No less than 129 words have been substituted +for others which stood in the text before; and there are 66 +instances of Transposition, involving the dislocation of 185 +words. The changes of case, mood, tense, &c., amount in +addition to 123.<a id="noteref_900" name="noteref_900" href="#note_900"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">900</span></span></a> The sum of the words which you have +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">needlessly</span></em> meddled with in the Greek Text of the third +Gospel proves therefore to be 562. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +At this rate,—(since, [excluding marginal notes and +variations in stops,] Scrivener<a id="noteref_901" name="noteref_901" href="#note_901"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">901</span></span></a> counts 5337 various readings +in his Notes,)—the number of alterations <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">gratuitously and +uselessly introduced by you into the Greek Text of the entire +N. T.</span></em>, is to be estimated at 3590. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And if,—(as seems probable,)—the same general proportion +prevails throughout your entire work,—it will appear that +the words which, without a shadow of excuse, you have +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em> from the Greek Text of the N. T., must amount to +about 590: while you have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">added</span></em> in the same gratuitous +way about 210; and have needlessly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">substituted</span></em> about 820. +Your instances of uncalled-for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">transposition</span></em>, (about 420 in +number,) will have involved the gratuitous dislocation of full +1190 words:—while the occasions on which, at the bidding +of Drs. Westcott and Hort, you have altered case, mood, +tense, &c., must amount to about 780. In this way, the +sum of the changes you have effected in the Greek Text of +the N. T. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in clear defiance of your Instructions</span></em>,—would +amount, as already stated, to 3590. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, when it is considered that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not one</span></em> of those 3590 +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page406">[pg 406]</span><a name="Pg406" id="Pg406" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +changes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the least degree affects the English Revision</span></em>,—it is +undeniable, not only that you and your friends did what you +were without authority for doing:—but also that you violated +as well the spirit as the letter of your Instructions. As for +your present assertion (at p. 32) that you <span class="tei tei-q">“adhered <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most +closely</span></em> to the Instructions you received, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">did neither more +nor less than you were required to do</span></em>,”</span>—you must submit to +be reminded that it savours strongly of the nature of pure +fable. The history of the new Greek Text is briefly this:—A +majority of the Revisers—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">including yourself, their Chairman</span></em>,—are +found to have put yourselves almost unreservedly +into the hands of Drs. Westcott and Hort. The result was +obvious. When the minority, headed by Dr. Scrivener, +appealed to the chair, they found themselves confronted by a +prejudiced Advocate. They ought to have been listened to +by an impartial Judge. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em>, my lord Bishop, are in consequence +(I regret to say) responsible for all the mischief +which has occurred. The blame of it rests at <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your</span></em> door. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And pray disabuse yourself of the imagination that in +what precedes I have been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stretching</span></em> the numbers in order +to make out a case against you. It would be easy to +show that in estimating the amount of needless changes at +356 out of 836, I am greatly under the mark. I have not +included such cases, for instance, as your substitution of ἡ +μνᾶ σου, Κύριε for Κύριε, ἡ μνᾶ σου (in xix. 18), and of Τοίνυν +ἀπόδοτε for Ἀπόδοτε τοίνυν (in xx. 25),<a id="noteref_902" name="noteref_902" href="#note_902"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">902</span></span></a>—only lest you +should pretend that the transposition affects the English, +and therefore <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></em> necessary. Had I desired to swell the +number I could have easily shown that fully <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">half</span></em> the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page407">[pg 407]</span><a name="Pg407" id="Pg407" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +changes you effected in the Greek Text were wholly superfluous +for the Revision of the English Translation, and therefore +were entirely without excuse. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">This</span></em>, in fact,—(give me leave to remind you in passing,)—is +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">true</span></em> reason why, at an early stage of your proceedings, +you resolved that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">none</span></em> of the changes you introduced into +the Greek Text should find a record in your English margin. +Had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> been recorded, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> must have appeared. And had +this been done, you would have stood openly convicted of +having utterly disregarded the <span class="tei tei-q">“Instructions”</span> you had received +from Convocation. With what face, for example, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">could</span></em> you, +(in the margin of S. Luke xv. 17,) against the words <span class="tei tei-q">“he +said,”</span>—have printed <span class="tei tei-q">“ἔφη not εἶπε”</span>? or, (at xxiv. 44,) against +the words <span class="tei tei-q">“unto them,”</span>—must you not have been ashamed +to encumber the already overcrowded margin with such an +irrelevant statement as,—<span class="tei tei-q">“πρὸς αὐτούς <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> αὐτοῖς”</span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, if this were all, you might reply that by my own +showing the Textual changes complained of, if they do +no good, at least do no harm. But then, unhappily, you +and your friends have not confined yourselves to colourless +readings, when silently up and down every part of the N. T. +you have introduced innovations. I open your New English +Version at random (S. John iv. 15), and invite your attention +to the first instance which catches my eye. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You have made the Woman of Samaria <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">complain of the +length of the walk</span></em> from Sychar to Jacob's well:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Sir, give +me this water, that I thirst not, neither <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">come all the way</span></em> +hither to draw.”</span>—What has happened? For ἔρχωμαι, I +discover that you have silently substituted ΔΙέρχωμαι. +(Even διέρχωμαι has no such meaning: but let <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> pass.) +What then was your authority for thrusting διέρχωμαι (which +by the way is a patent absurdity) into the Text? The word +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page408">[pg 408]</span><a name="Pg408" id="Pg408" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is found (I discover) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in only two Greek MSS. of had character</span></em><a id="noteref_903" name="noteref_903" href="#note_903"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">903</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א), which, being derived from a common corrupt original, +can only reckon for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em>: and the reasoning which is supposed +to justify this change is thus supplied by Tischendorf:—<span class="tei tei-q">“If +the Evangelist had written ἔρχ-, who would ever have +dreamed of turning it into δι-έρχωμαι?”</span>... No one, +of course, (is the obvious answer,) except the inveterate +blunderer who, some 1700 years ago, seeing ΜΗΔΕΕΡΧΩΜΑΙ +before him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reduplicated the antecedent</span></em> ΔΕ. The sum of the +matter is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>!... Pass 1700 years, and the long-since-forgotten +blunder is furbished up afresh by Drs. Westcott and +Hort,—is urged upon the wondering body of Revisers as the +undoubted utterance of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Spirit</span></span>,—is accepted by yourself;—finally, +(in spite of many a remonstrance from Dr. Scrivener +and his friends,) is thrust upon the acceptance of 90 millions +of English-speaking men throughout the world, as the long-lost-sight-of, +but at last happily recovered, utterance of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Woman of Samaria!”</span>... Ἄπαγε. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ordinary readers, in the meantime, will of course assume +that the change results from the Revisers' skill in translating,—the +advances which have been made in the study of Greek; +for no trace of the textual vagary before us survives in the +English margin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus I am reminded of what I hold to be your gravest +fault of all. The rule of Committee subject to which you +commenced operations,—the Rule which re-assured the +public and reconciled the Church to the prospect of a Revised +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page409">[pg 409]</span><a name="Pg409" id="Pg409" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +New Testament,—expressly provided that, whenever the +underlying Greek Text was altered, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such alteration should be +indicated in the margin</span></em>. This provision you entirely set at +defiance from the very first. You have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> indicated in +the margin the alterations you introduced into the Greek +Text. In fact, you made so many changes,—in other words, +you seem to have so entirely lost sight of your pledge and +your compact,—that compliance with this condition would +have been simply impossible. I see not how your body is to +be acquitted of a deliberate breach of faith. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">(c) Fatal consequences of this mistaken officiousness.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How serious, in the meantime, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consequences</span></em> have been, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> only know who have been at the pains to examine your +work with close attention. Not only have you, on countless +occasions, thrust out words, clauses, entire sentences of +genuine Scripture,—but you have been careful that no trace +shall survive of the fatal injury which you have inflicted. I +wonder you were not afraid. Can I be wrong in deeming such +a proceeding in a high degree sinful? Has not the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span> +pronounced a tremendous doom<a id="noteref_904" name="noteref_904" href="#note_904"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">904</span></span></a> against those who do such +things? Were you not afraid, for instance, to leave out +(from S. Mark vi. 11) those solemn words of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Verily +I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom +and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city”</span>? +Surely you will not pretend to tell me that those fifteen +precious words, witnessed to as they are by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the known +copies but nine</span></em>,—by the Old Latin, the Peschito and the +Philoxenian Syriac, the Coptic, the Gothic and the Æthiopic +Versions,—besides Irenæus<a id="noteref_905" name="noteref_905" href="#note_905"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">905</span></span></a> and Victor<a id="noteref_906" name="noteref_906" href="#note_906"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">906</span></span></a> of Antioch:—you +will not venture to say (will you?) that words so attested are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page410">[pg 410]</span><a name="Pg410" id="Pg410" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +so evidently a <span class="tei tei-q">“plain and clear error,”</span> as not to deserve even +a marginal note to attest to posterity <span class="tei tei-q">“that such things +were”</span>! I say nothing of the witness of the Liturgical usage +of the Eastern Church,—which appointed these verses to be +read on S. Mark's Day:<a id="noteref_907" name="noteref_907" href="#note_907"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">907</span></span></a> nor of Theophylact,<a id="noteref_908" name="noteref_908" href="#note_908"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">908</span></span></a> nor of +Euthymius.<a id="noteref_909" name="noteref_909" href="#note_909"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">909</span></span></a> I appeal to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient testimony of Catholic +antiquity</span></em>. Find me older witnesses, if you can, than the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Elders”</span> with whom Irenæus held converse,—men who must +have been contemporaries of S. John the Divine: or again, +than the old Latin, the Peschito, and the Coptic Versions. +Then, for the MSS.,—Have you studied S. Mark's Text to so +little purpose as not to have discovered that the six uncials +on which you rely are the depositories of an abominably +corrupt Recension of the second Gospel? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But you committed a yet more deplorable error when,—without +leaving behind either note or comment of any sort,—you +obliterated from S. Matth. v. 44, the solemn words +which I proceed to underline:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Bless them that curse you</span></em>, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do good to them that hate you</span></em>, and pray for them which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">despitefully +use you and</span></em> persecute you.”</span> You relied almost exclusively +on those two false witnesses, of which you are so +superstitiously fond, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א: regardless of the testimony of +almost all the other <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span> besides:—of almost all the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>:—and of a host of primitive <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>: for the +missing clauses are more or less recognized by Justin Mart. +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 140),—by Theophilus Ant. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 168),—by Athenagoras +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 177),—by Clemens Alexan. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 192),—by Origen +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 210),—by the Apostolic Constt. (IIIrd cent.),—by +Eusebius,—by Gregory Nyss.,—by Chrysostom,—by Isidorus,—by +Nilus,—by Cyril,—by Theodoret, and certain others. +Besides, of the Latins, by Tertullian,—by Lucifer,—by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page411">[pg 411]</span><a name="Pg411" id="Pg411" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Ambrose,—by Hilary,—by Pacian,—by Augustine,—by +Cassian, and many more.... Verily, my lord Bishop, your +notion of what constitutes <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clearly preponderating Evidence</span></em>”</span> +must be freely admitted to be at once original and peculiar. +I will but respectfully declare that if it be indeed one of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +now established Principles of Textual Criticism</span></em>”</span> that a bishop +is at liberty to blot out from the Gospel such precepts of +the Incarnate <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word</span></span>, as these: to reject, on the plea that they +are <span class="tei tei-q">“plain and clear errors,”</span> sayings attested by twelve primitive +Fathers,—half of whom lived and died before our two +oldest manuscripts (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א) came into being:—If all this be +so indeed, permit me to declare that I would not exchange +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">my</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">innocent ignorance</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_910" name="noteref_910" href="#note_910"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">910</span></span></a> of those <span class="tei tei-q">“Principles”</span> for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">your</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">guilty +knowledge</span></em> of them,—no, not for anything in the wide world +which yonder sun shines down upon. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As if what goes before had not been injury enough, you +are found to have adopted the extraordinary practice of encumbering +your margin with doubts as to the Readings +which after due deliberation you had, as a body, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">retained</span></em>. +Strange perversity! You could not find room to retain a +record in your margin of the many genuine words of our +Divine <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>,—His Evangelists and Apostles,—to which +Copies, Versions, Fathers lend the fullest attestation; but +you <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">could</span></em> find room for an insinuation that His <span class="tei tei-q">“Agony and +bloody sweat,”</span>—together with His <span class="tei tei-q">“Prayer on behalf of His +murderers,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may</span></em> after all prove to be nothing else but +spurious accretions to the Text. And yet, the pretence for +so regarding either S. Luke xxii. 43, 44, or xxiii. 34, is confessedly +founded on a minimum of documentary evidence: +while, as has been already shown elsewhere,<a id="noteref_911" name="noteref_911" href="#note_911"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">911</span></span></a> an overwhelming +amount of ancient testimony renders it <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certain</span></em> that not a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page412">[pg 412]</span><a name="Pg412" id="Pg412" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +particle of doubt attaches to the Divine record of either of +those stupendous incidents.... Room could not be found, +it seems, for a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hint</span></em> in the margin that such ghastly wounds +as those above specified had been inflicted on S. Mark vi. 11 +and S. Matth. v. 44;<a id="noteref_912" name="noteref_912" href="#note_912"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">912</span></span></a> but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twenty-two lines</span></em> could be spared +against Rom. ix. 5 for the free ventilation of the vile +Socinian gloss with which unbelievers in every age have +sought to evacuate one of the grandest assertions of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's Godhead</span></span>. May I be permitted, without offence, +to avow myself utterly astonished? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Even this however is not all. The 7th of the Rules under +which you undertook the work of Revision, was, that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +Headings of Chapters should be revised</span></em>.”</span> This Rule you have +not only failed to comply with; but you have actually +deprived us of those headings entirely. You have thereby +done us a grievous wrong. We demand to have the headings +of our chapters back. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You have further, without warrant of any sort, deprived +us of our <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Marginal References</span></em>. These we cannot afford to be +without. We claim that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></em> also may be restored. The +very best Commentary on Holy Scripture are they, with +which I am acquainted. They call for learned and judicious +Revision, certainly; and they might be profitably enlarged. +But they may never be taken away. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, my lord Bishop, if I have not succeeded in +convincing you that the Revisers not only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exceeded their Instructions</span></em> +in the course which they adopted with regard to +the Greek Text,”</span> but even acted in open defiance of their +Instructions; did both a vast deal <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">more</span></em> than they were +authorized to do, and also a vast deal <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">less</span></em>;—it has certainly +been no fault of mine. As for your original contention<a id="noteref_913" name="noteref_913" href="#note_913"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">913</span></span></a> that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page413">[pg 413]</span><a name="Pg413" id="Pg413" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nothing can be more unjust</span></em>”</span> than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the charge</span></span> brought +against the Revisers of having exceeded their Instructions,—I +venture to ask, on the contrary, whether anything can +be more unreasonable (to give it no harsher name) than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the +denial</span></span>? +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[16] The calamity of the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">New Greek Text</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> traced to its source.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +There is no difficulty in accounting for the most serious +of the foregoing phenomena. They are the inevitable consequence +of your having so far succumbed at the outset to +Drs. Westcott and Hort as to permit them to communicate +bit by bit, under promise of secrecy, their own outrageous +Revised Text of the N. T. to their colleagues, accompanied +by a printed disquisition in advocacy of their own peculiar +critical views. One would have expected in the Chairman +of the Revising body, that the instant he became aware of +any such <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">manœuvre</span></span> on the part of two of the society, he +would have remonstrated with them somewhat as follows, or +at least to this effect:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“This cannot be permitted, Gentlemen, on any terms. We +have not been appointed to revise the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek Text</span></em> of the N. T. +Our one business is to revise the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Authorized English Version</span></em>,—introducing +such changes only as are absolutely necessary. +The Resolutions of Convocation are express on this head: +and it is my duty to see that they are faithfully carried out. +True, that we shall be obliged to avail ourselves of our skill +in Textual Criticism—(such as it is)—to correct <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and +clear errors</span></em>’</span> in the Greek: but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em> we shall be obliged to +stop. I stand pledged to Convocation on this point by my +own recent utterances. That two of our members should be +solicitous (by a side-wind) to obtain for their own singular +Revision of the Greek Text the sanction of our united body,—is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page414">[pg 414]</span><a name="Pg414" id="Pg414" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +intelligible enough: but I should consider myself guilty +of a breach of Trust were I to lend myself to the promotion +of their object. Let me hope that I have you all with me +when I point out that on every occasion when Dr. Scrivener, +on the one hand, (who in matters of Textual Criticism is +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">facile princeps</span></span> among us,) and Drs. Westcott and Hort on the +other, prove to be irreconcileably opposed in their views,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em> +the Received Greek Text must by all means be let +alone. We have agreed, you will remember, to <span class="tei tei-q">‘make <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +current Textus Receptus the standard; departing from it only +when critical or grammatical considerations show that it is +clearly necessary</span></em>.’</span><a id="noteref_914" name="noteref_914" href="#note_914"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">914</span></span></a> It would be unreasonable, in my judgment, +that anything in the Received Text should be claimed to +be <span class="tei tei-q">‘a clear and plain error,’</span> on which those who represent the +two antagonistic schools of Criticism find themselves utterly +unable to come to any accord. In the meantime, Drs. Westcott +and Hort are earnestly recommended to submit to public +inspection that Text which they have been for twenty years +elaborating, and which for some time past has been in print. +Their labours cannot be too freely ventilated, too searchingly +examined, too generally known: but I strongly deprecate +their furtive production <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">here</span></em>. All too eager advocacy of the +novel Theory of the two accomplished Professors, I shall +think it my duty to discourage, and if need be to repress. A +printed volume, enforced by the suasive rhetoric of its two +producers, gives to one side an unfair advantage. But indeed +I must end as I began, by respectfully inviting Drs. Westcott +and Hort to remember that we meet here, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> in order <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to +fabricate a new Greek Text</span></em>, but in order to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">revise our </span><span class="tei tei-q">‘Authorized +English Version.’</span></em>”</span>... Such, in substance, is the kind +of Allocution which it was to have been expected that the +Episcopal Chairman of a Revising body would address to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page415">[pg 415]</span><a name="Pg415" id="Pg415" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +his fellow-labourers the first time he saw them enter the +Jerusalem chamber furnished with the sheets of Westcott +and Hort's N. T.; especially if he was aware that those +Revisers had been individually talked over by the Editors of +the work in question, (themselves Revisionists); and perceived +that the result of the deliberations of the entire body +was in consequence, in a fair way of becoming a foregone +conclusion,—unless indeed, by earnest remonstrance, he +might be yet in time to stave off the threatened danger. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But instead of saying anything of this kind, my lord +Bishop, it is clear from your pamphlet that you made the +Theory of Drs. Westcott and Hort <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your own Theory</span></em>; and their +Text, by necessary consequence, in the main <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your own Text</span></em>. +You lost sight of all the pledges you had given in Convocation. +You suddenly became a partizan. Having secured the +precious advocacy of Bp. Wilberforce,—whose sentiments on +the subject you had before adopted,—you at once threw him +and them overboard.<a id="noteref_915" name="noteref_915" href="#note_915"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">915</span></span></a>... I can scarcely imagine, in a good +man like yourself, conduct more reckless,—more disappointing,—more +unintelligible. But I must hasten on. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[17] Bp. Ellicott's defence of the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">New Greek Text,</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> in sixteen +particulars, examined.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It follows to consider the strangest feature of your +pamphlet: viz. those two-and-thirty pages (p. 43 to p. 75) in +which, descending from generals, you venture to dispute in +sixteen particulars the sentence passed upon your new Greek +Text by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>. I call this part of your +pamphlet <span class="tei tei-q">“strange,”</span> because it displays such singular inaptitude +to appreciate the force of Evidence. But in fact, +(<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">sit venia verbo</span></span>) your entire method is quite unworthy of you. +Whereas I appeal throughout to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancient Testimony</span></em>, you seek +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page416">[pg 416]</span><a name="Pg416" id="Pg416" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to put me down by flaunting in my face <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Modern Opinion</span></em>. +This, with a great deal of Reiteration, proves to be literally +the sum of your contention. Thus, concerning S. Matth. i. 25, +the Quarterly Reviewer pointed out (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">suprà</span></span> pp. <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref">123-4</a>) that +the testimony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, together with that of the VIth-century +fragment <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">z</span></span>, and two cursive copies of bad character,—cannot +possibly stand against the testimony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">all other</span></span> copies. +You plead in reply that on <span class="tei tei-q">“those two oldest manuscripts +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the vast majority of Critics set a high value</span></em>.”</span> Very likely: but +for all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, you are I suppose aware that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א are two of +the most corrupt documents in existence? And, inasmuch +as they are confessedly derived from one and the same +depraved original, you will I presume allow that they may +not be adduced as two independent authorities? At all events, +when I further show you that almost all the Versions, and +literally <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one</span></em> of the Fathers who quote the place, (they +are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eighteen</span></em> in number,) are against you,—how can you possibly +think there is any force or relevancy whatever in your +self-complacent announcement,—<span class="tei tei-q">“We cannot hesitate to +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">express our agreement with Tischendorf and Tregelles</span></em> who see +in these words an interpolation derived from S. Luke. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The +same appears to have been the judgment of Lachmann.</span></em>”</span> Do +you desire that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> should pass for argument? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To prolong a discussion of this nature with you, were +plainly futile. Instead of repeating what I have already +delivered—briefly indeed, yet sufficiently in detail,—I will +content myself with humbly imitating what, if I remember +rightly, was Nelson's plan when he fought the battle of the +Nile. He brought his frigates, one by one, alongside those +of the enemy;—lashed himself to the foe;—and poured in +his broadsides. We remember with what result. The sixteen +instances which you have yourself selected, shall now +be indicated. First, on every occasion, reference shall be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page417">[pg 417]</span><a name="Pg417" id="Pg417" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +made to the place in the present volume where my own Criticism +on your Greek Text is to be found in detail. Readers +of your pamphlet are invited next to refer to your own several +attempts at refutation, which shall also be indicated by a +reference to your pages. I am quite contented to abide by +the verdict of any unprejudiced person of average understanding +and fair education:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Four words omitted in</span></em> S. Matth. i. 25,—complained of, +above, pp. <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref">122-4</a>.—You defend the omission in your pamphlet +at pages 43-4,—falling back on Tischendorf, Tregelles +and Lachmann, as explained on the opposite page. (p. <a href="#Pg416" class="tei tei-ref">416</a>.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The omission of</span></em> S. Matth. xvii. 21,—proved to be indefensible, +above, pp. <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref">91-2</a>.—The omission is defended by +you at pp. 44-5,—on the ground, that although Lachmann +retains the verse, and Tregelles only places it in brackets, +(Tischendorf alone of the three omitting it entirely,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“it +must be remembered that here Lachmann and Tregelles were +not acquainted with א.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The omission of</span></em> S. Matth. xviii. 11,—shown to be +unreasonable, above, p. <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref">92</a>.—You defend the omission in your +pp. 45-7,—remarking that <span class="tei tei-q">“here there is even less room for +doubt than in the preceding cases. The three critical editors +are all agreed in rejecting this verse.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The substitution of</span></em> ἠπόρει for ἐποίει, in S. Mark vi. 20,—strongly +complained of, above, pp. <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref">66-9</a>.—Your defence is +at pp. 47-8. You urge that <span class="tei tei-q">“in this case again the Revisers +have Tischendorf only on their side, and not Lachmann nor +Tregelles: but it must be remembered that these critics had +not the reading of א before them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The thrusting of</span></em> πάλιν (after ἀποστελεῖ) into S. Mark +xi. 3,—objected against, above, pp. <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref">56-8</a>.—You defend yourself +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page418">[pg 418]</span><a name="Pg418" id="Pg418" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +at pp. 48-9,—and <span class="tei tei-q">“cannot doubt that the Revisers were +perfectly justified”</span> in doing <span class="tei tei-q">“as Tischendorf and Tregelles +had done before them,”</span>—viz. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inventing</span></em> a new Gospel incident. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The mess you have made</span></em> of S. Mark xi. 8,—exposed by +the Quarterly Reviewer, above, pp. <a href="#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref">58-61</a>,—you defend at +pp. 49-52. You have <span class="tei tei-q">“preferred to read with Tischendorf and +Tregelles.”</span> About, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) S. Mark xvi. 9-20,—and (8) S. Luke ii. 14,—I shall +have a few serious words to say immediately. About, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(9) the 20 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certainly genuine</span></em> words you have omitted from +S. Luke ix. 55, 56,—I promise to give you at no distant date +an elaborate lecture. <span class="tei tei-q">“Are we to understand”</span> (you ask) +<span class="tei tei-q">“that the Reviewer honestly believes the added words to +have formed part of the Sacred Autograph?”</span> (<span class="tei tei-q">“The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em> +words,”</span> you mean.) To be sure you are!—I answer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(10) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The amazing blunder</span></em> endorsed by the Revisers in +S. Luke x. 15; which I have exposed above, at pp. <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref">54-6</a>.—You +defend the blunder (as usual) at pp. 55-6, remarking +that the Revisers, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with Lachmann</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Tischendorf</span></em>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and Tregelles</span></em>, +adopt the interrogative form.”</span> (This seems to be a part +of your style.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(11) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The depraved exhibition of the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Prayer</span></em> (S. Luke +xi. 2-4) which I have commented on above, at pp. <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref">34-6</a>,—you +applaud (as usual) at pp. 56-8 of your pamphlet, <span class="tei tei-q">“with +Tischendorf and Tregelles.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(12) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The omission</span></em> of 7 important words in S. Luke xxiii. +38, I have commented on, above, at pp. <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref">85-8</a>.—You defend +the omission, and <span class="tei tei-q">“the texts of Tischendorf and Tregelles,”</span> +at pp. 58-9. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page419">[pg 419]</span><a name="Pg419" id="Pg419" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(13) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The gross fabrication</span></em> in S. Luke xxiii. 45, I have +exposed, above, at pp. <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref">61-5</a>.—You defend it, at pp. 59-61. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(14) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">A plain omission</span></em> in S. John xiv. 4, I have pointed +out, above, at pp. <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref">72-3</a>.—You defend it, at pp. 61-2 of your +pamphlet. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(15) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Titus Justus</span></em>,”</span> thrust by the Revisers into Acts xviii. +7, I have shown to be an imaginary personage, above, at +pp. <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref">53-4</a>.—You stand up for the interesting stranger at pp. +62-4 of your pamphlet. Lastly, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(16) My discussion of 1 Tim. iii. 16 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">suprà</span></span> pp. <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98-106</a>),—you +contend against from p. 64 to p. 76.—The true reading of +this important place, (which is not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">your</span></em> reading,) you will +find fully discussed from p. <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424</a> to p. 501. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have already stated why I dismiss <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thirteen</span></em> out of your +sixteen instances in this summary manner. The remaining +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three</span></em> I have reserved for further discussion for a reason I +proceed to explain. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[18] Bp. Ellicott's claim that the Revisers were guided by </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">the +consentient testimony of the most ancient Authorities,</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%">—disproved +by an appeal to their handling of S. Luke ii. 14 and +of S. Mark xvi. 9-20. The self-same claim,—(namely, of +abiding by the verdict of Catholic Antiquity,)—vindicated, +on the contrary, for the </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">Quarterly Reviewer.</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You labour hard throughout your pamphlet to make it +appear that the point at which our methods, (yours and mine,) +respectively diverge,—is, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> insist on making my appeal +to the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span>;”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancient Authority</span></em>. But +happily, my lord Bishop, this is a point which admits of +being brought to issue by an appeal to fact. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em> shall first +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page420">[pg 420]</span><a name="Pg420" id="Pg420" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +be heard: and you are observed to express yourself on behalf +of the Revising body, as follows: +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It was impossible to mistake the conviction upon which its +Textual decisions were based.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">It was a conviction that (1) </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">The true Text was not to be +sought in the Textus Receptus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">; or (2) In the bulk of the +Cursive Manuscripts; or (3) In the Uncials (with or without +the support of the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Codex Alexandrinus</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">;) or (4) In the Fathers +who lived after Chrysostom; or (5) In Chrysostom himself and +his contemporaries; </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">but</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (6) </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">In the consentient testimony of +the most ancient authorities</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(p. 28.) +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In such terms you venture to contrast our respective +methods. You want the public to believe that I make the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a standard from which there shall be no +appeal</span></em>,”</span>—entertain <span class="tei tei-q">“the notion that it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">little else than sacrilege +to impugn the tradition of the last 300 years</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_916" name="noteref_916" href="#note_916"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">916</span></span></a>—and so +forth;—while <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> and your colleagues act upon the conviction +that the Truth is rather to be sought <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the consentient +testimony of the most ancient Authorities</span></em>.”</span> I proceed to show +you, by appealing to an actual instance, that neither of these +statements is correct. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) And first, permit me to speak for myself. Finding +that you challenge the Received reading of S. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Luke</span></span> ii. 14, +(<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">good will towards men</span></em>”</span>);—and that, (on the authority of 4 +Greek Codices [א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b d</span></span>], all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin</span></em> documents, and the Gothic +Version,) you contend that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">peace among men in whom he is +well pleased</span></em>”</span> ought to be read, instead;—I make my appeal +unreservedly to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Antiquity</span></span>.<a id="noteref_917" name="noteref_917" href="#note_917"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">917</span></span></a> I request the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancients</span></em> to adjudicate +between you and me by favouring us with their +verdict. Accordingly, I find as follows: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the IInd century,—the Syriac Versions and +Irenæus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">support the Received Text</span></em>: +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page421">[pg 421]</span><a name="Pg421" id="Pg421" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the IIIrd century,—the Coptic Version,—Origen +in 3 places, and—the Apostolical Constitutions in 2, do the +same: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the IVth century, (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to which century</span></em>, you are +invited to remember, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">belong</span></em>,)—Eusebius,—Aphraates +the Persian,—Titus of Bostra,—each in 2 places:—Didymus +in 3:—Gregory of Nazianzus,—Cyril of Jer.,—Epiphanius +2—and Gregory of Nyssa—4 times: Ephraem +Syr.,—Philo bp. of Carpasus,—Chrysostom 9 times,—and an +unknown Antiochian contemporary of his:—these eleven, I +once more find, are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one against you</span></em>: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the Vth century,—besides the Armenian Version, +Cyril of Alex. in 14 places:—Theodoret in 4:—Theodotus of +Ancyra in 5:—Proclus:—Paulus of Emesa:—the Eastern +bishops of Ephesus collectively, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431;—and Basil of +Seleucia:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">these contemporaries of cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> I find are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all eight +against you</span></em>: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the VIth century,—besides the Georgian—and +Æthiopic Versions,—Cosmas, 5 times:—Anastasius Sinait. +and Eulogius, (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contemporaries of cod.</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,) are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all three with the +Traditional Text</span></em>: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That, in the VIIth and VIIIth centuries,—Andreas of +Crete, 2:—pope Martinus at the Lat. Council:—Cosmas, bp. +of Maiume near Gaza,—and his pupil John Damascene;—together +with Germanus, abp. of Constantinople:—are again +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all five with the Traditional Text</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To these 35, must be added 18 other ancient authorities +with which the reader has been already made acquainted +(viz. at pp. 44-5): all of which bear the self-same evidence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Thus I have enumerated <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fifty-three</span></em> ancient Greek authorities,—of +which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sixteen</span></em> belong to the IInd, IIIrd, and IVth +centuries: and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thirty-seven</span></em> to the Vth, VIth, VIIth, and +VIIIth. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page422">[pg 422]</span><a name="Pg422" id="Pg422" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, which of us two is found to have made the +fairer and the fuller appeal to <span class="tei tei-q">“the consentient testimony of +the most ancient authorities:”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em>?... This first. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And next, since the foregoing 53 names belong to some +of the most famous personages in Ecclesiastical antiquity: +are dotted over every region of ancient Christendom: in +many instances are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">far more ancient than codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> א:—with +what show of reason will you pretend that the evidence +concerning S. Luke ii. 14 <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">clearly preponderates</span></em>”</span> in favour +of the reading which you and your friends prefer? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I claim at all events to have demonstrated that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">both</span></em> your +statements are unfounded: viz. (1) That <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> seek for the truth +of Scripture in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus:”</span> and (2) That <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> +seek it in <span class="tei tei-q">“the consentient testimony of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">most ancient +authorities</span></em>.”</span>—(Why not frankly avow that you believe the +Truth of Scripture is to be sought for, and found, in <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +consentient testimony of codices</span></em> א <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>”</span>?) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Similarly, concerning <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the last 12 Verses of S. Mark</span></span>, +which you brand with suspicion and separate off from +the rest of the Gospel, in token that, in your opinion, +there is <span class="tei tei-q">“a breach of continuity”</span> (p. 53), (whatever <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> may +mean,) between verses 8 and 9. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Your</span></em> ground for thus +disallowing the last 12 Verses of the second Gospel, is, that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א omit them:—that a few late MSS. exhibit a wretched +alternative for them:—and that Eusebius says they were +often away. Now, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></em> method on the contrary is to refer all +such questions to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient testimony of the most +ancient authorities</span></em>.”</span> And I invite you to note the result of +such an appeal in the present instance. The Verses in +question I find are recognized, +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page423">[pg 423]</span><a name="Pg423" id="Pg423" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IInd century,—By the Old Latin—and Syriac +Verss.:—by Papias;—Justin M.;—Irenæus;—Tertullian. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IIIrd century,—By the Coptic—and the Sahidic +Versions:—by Hippolytus;—by Vincentius at the seventh +Council of Carthage;—by the <span class="tei tei-q">“Acta Pilati;”</span>—and by the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolical Constitutions”</span> in two places. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the IVth century,—By Cureton's Syr. and the Gothic +Verss.:—besides the Syriac Table of Canons;—Eusebius;—Macarius +Magnes;—Aphraates;—Didymus;—the Syriac +<span class="tei tei-q">“Acts of the Ap.;”</span>—Epiphanius;—Leontius;—ps.-Ephraem;—Ambrose;—Chrysostom;—Jerome;—Augustine. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the Vth century,—Besides the Armenian Vers.,—by +codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>;—by Leo;—Nestorius;—Cyril of Alexandria;—Victor +of Antioch;—Patricius;—Marius Mercator. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the VIth and VIIth centuries,—Besides cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,—the +Georgian and Æthiopic Verss.:—by Hesychius;—Gregentius;—Prosper;—John, +abp. of Thessalonica;—and Modestus, +bishop of Jerusalem.... (See above, pages <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref">36-40</a>.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, once more, my lord Bishop,—Pray which of us +is it,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em>,—who seeks for the truth of Scripture <span class="tei tei-q">“in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient testimony of the most ancient authorities</span></em>”</span>? On +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></em> side there have been adduced in evidence <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six</span></em> witnesses of +the IInd century:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six</span></em> of the IIIrd:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fifteen</span></em> of the IVth:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nine</span></em> +of the Vth:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight</span></em> of the VIth and VIIth,—(44 in all): +while <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> are found to rely on codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א (as before), +supported by a single <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">obiter dictum</span></span> of Eusebius. I have +said nothing as yet about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole body of the Copies</span></em>: +nothing about <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">universal, immemorial, Liturgical use</span></em>. Do you +seriously imagine that the testimony on your side is <span class="tei tei-q">“decidedly +preponderating”</span>? Above all, will you venture +again to exhibit our respective methods as in your pamphlet +you have done? I protest solemnly that, in your pages, I +recognize neither myself nor you. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page424">[pg 424]</span><a name="Pg424" id="Pg424" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Permit me to declare that I hold your disallowance of +S. Mark xvi. 9-20 to be the gravest and most damaging of +all the many mistakes which you and your friends have +committed. <span class="tei tei-q">“The textual facts,”</span> (say you, speaking of the +last 12 Verses,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“have been placed before the reader, +because Truth itself demanded it.”</span> This (with Canon Cook<a id="noteref_918" name="noteref_918" href="#note_918"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">918</span></span></a>) +I entirely deny. It is because <span class="tei tei-q">“the textual facts have”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">not</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“been placed before the reader,”</span> that I am offended. As +usual, you present your readers with a one-sided statement,—a +partial, and therefore inadmissible, exhibition of the facts,—facts +which, fully stated and fairly explained, would, (as you +cannot fail to be aware,) be fatal to your contention. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, I forbear to state so much as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> of them. The evidence +has already filled a volume.<a id="noteref_919" name="noteref_919" href="#note_919"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">919</span></span></a> Even if I were to allow that in +your marginal note, <span class="tei tei-q">“the textual facts <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have been</span></em> [fully and +fairly] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">placed before the reader</span></em>”</span>—what possible pretence do +you suppose they afford for severing the last 12 Verses from +the rest of S. Mark, in token that they form no part of +the genuine Gospel?... This, however, is only by the way. +I have proved to you that it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em>—not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>—who rest my +case on an appeal to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Catholic Antiquity</span></span>: and this is the +only thing I am concerned just now to establish. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I proceed to contribute something to the Textual Criticism +of a famous place in S. Paul's first Epistle to Timothy,—on +which you have challenged me to a trial of strength. +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">[19] </span><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 144%">“</span><span style="font-size: 144%">GOD was manifested in the flesh</span><span style="font-size: 144%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 144%"> +Shown To Be The True Reading Of 1 Timothy III. 16.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A Dissertation.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In conclusion, you insist on ripping up the discussion +concerning 1 Tim. iii. 16. I had already devoted eight pages +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page425">[pg 425]</span><a name="Pg425" id="Pg425" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +to this subject.<a id="noteref_920" name="noteref_920" href="#note_920"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">920</span></span></a> You reply in twelve.<a id="noteref_921" name="noteref_921" href="#note_921"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">921</span></span></a> That I may not be +thought wanting in courtesy, the present rejoinder shall +extend to seventy-six. I propose, without repeating myself, +to follow you over the ground you have re-opened. But it +will be convenient that I should define at the outset what is +precisely the point in dispute between you and me. I presume +it to be undeniably <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>:—That whereas the Easterns from +time immemorial, (and we with them, since Tyndale in 1534 +gave us our English Version of the N. T.,) have read the +place thus:—(I set the words down in plain English, because +the issue admits of being every bit as clearly exhibited in +the vernacular, as in Greek: and because I am determined +that all who are at the pains to read the present <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dissertation</span></span> +shall understand it also:)—Whereas, I say, we have hitherto +read the place thus, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Great is the mystery of godliness:—God was manifest +in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of Angels, +preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, +received up into glory</span></span>:”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em> insist that this is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>.”</span> You +contend that there is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decidedly preponderating evidence</span></em>”</span> for +reading instead, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">“</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Great Is the mystery of godliness, who was manifested +in the flesh, justified in the Spirit,</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">”</span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps"> &c.</span></span>: +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Which contention of yours I hold to be demonstrably incorrect, +and proceed to prove is a complete misconception. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preliminary explanations and cautions.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But English readers will require to have it explained to +them at the outset, that inasmuch as ΘΕΟΣ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>) is invariably +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page426">[pg 426]</span><a name="Pg426" id="Pg426" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> in manuscripts, the only difference between the +word <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> and the word <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>”</span> (ΟΣ) consists of two horizontal +strokes,—one, which distinguishes Θ from Ο; and +another similar stroke (above the letters ΘΣ) which indicates +that a word has been contracted. And further, that it was +the custom to trace these two horizontal lines so wondrous +faintly that they sometimes actually elude observation. +Throughout cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, in fact, the letter Θ is often scarcely +distinguishable from the letter Ο. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It requires also to be explained for the benefit of the same +English reader,—(and it will do learned readers no harm to +be reminded,)—that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mystery</span></em>”</span> (μυστήριον) being a neuter +noun, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cannot</span></em> be followed by the masculine pronoun (ὅς),—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>.”</span> +Such an expression is abhorrent alike to Grammar +and to Logic,—is intolerable, in Greek as in English. By +consequence, ὅς (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>”</span>) is found to have been early exchanged +for ὅ (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em>”</span>). From a copy so depraved, the +Latin Version was executed in the second century. Accordingly, +every known copy or quotation<a id="noteref_922" name="noteref_922" href="#note_922"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">922</span></span></a> of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Latin</span></em> exhibits +<span class="tei tei-q">“quod.”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></em> authorities for this reading (ὅ) are few +enough. They have been specified already, viz. at page <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref">100</a>. +And with this brief statement, the reading in question might +have been dismissed, seeing that it has found no patron since +Griesbach declared against it. It was however very hotly +contended for during the last century,—Sir Isaac Newton +and Wetstein being its most strenuous advocates; and it +would be unfair entirely to lose sight of it now. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The two rival readings, however, in 1 Tim. iii. 16, are,—Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested</span></em>”</span>), on the one hand; +and τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον, ὅς (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the mystery of godliness, +who</span></em>”</span>), on the other. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">These</span></em> are the two readings, I say, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page427">[pg 427]</span><a name="Pg427" id="Pg427" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +between whose conflicting claims we are to adjudicate. For +I request that it may be loyally admitted at the outset,—(though +it has been conveniently overlooked by the Critics +whom <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> follow,)—that the expression ὂς ἐφανερώθη in +Patristic quotations, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unless it be immediately preceded by</span></em> the +word μυστήριον, is nothing to the purpose; at all events, does +not prove the thing which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> are bent on proving. English +readers will see this at a glance. An Anglican divine,—with +reference to 1 Timothy iii. 16,—may surely speak of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> as One <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> was manifested in the flesh,”</span>—without +risk of being straightway suspected of employing a copy of +the English Version which exhibits <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the mystery of godliness +who</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Ex hujusmodi locis”</span> (as Matthæi truly remarks) +<span class="tei tei-q">“nemo, nisi mente captus, in contextu sacro probabit ὅς.”</span><a id="noteref_923" name="noteref_923" href="#note_923"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">923</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When Epiphanius therefore,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">professing to transcribe</span></em><a id="noteref_924" name="noteref_924" href="#note_924"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">924</span></span></a> from +an earlier treatise of his own<a id="noteref_925" name="noteref_925" href="#note_925"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">925</span></span></a> where ἐφανερώθη stands +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a nominative</span></em>,<a id="noteref_926" name="noteref_926" href="#note_926"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">926</span></span></a> writes (if he really does write) ὂς +ἐφανερώθη,<a id="noteref_927" name="noteref_927" href="#note_927"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">927</span></span></a>—we are not at liberty to infer therefrom that +Epiphanius is opposed to the reading Θεός.—Still less is it +lawful to draw the same inference from the Latin Version of +a letter of Eutherius [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431] in which the expression <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui +manifestatus est in carne</span></span>,”</span><a id="noteref_928" name="noteref_928" href="#note_928"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">928</span></span></a> occurs.—Least of all should we be +warranted in citing Jerome as a witness for reading ὅς in +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page428">[pg 428]</span><a name="Pg428" id="Pg428" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +this place, because (in his Commentary on Isaiah) he speaks +of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> as One who <span class="tei tei-q">“was manifested in the flesh, +justified in the Spirit.”</span><a id="noteref_929" name="noteref_929" href="#note_929"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">929</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +As for reasoning thus concerning Cyril of Alexandria, it is +demonstrably inadmissible: seeing that at the least on two +distinct occasions, this Father exhibits Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη. I am +not unaware that in a certain place, apostrophizing the +Docetæ, he says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Ye do err, not knowing the Scriptures, +nor indeed the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">great mystery of godliness</span></em>, that is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>, who +(ὅς) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_930" name="noteref_930" href="#note_930"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">930</span></span></a> +&c. &c. And presently, <span class="tei tei-q">“I consider <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the mystery of godliness</span></em> +to be no other thing but the Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>, who +(ὅς) Himself <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested in the flesh</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_931" name="noteref_931" href="#note_931"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">931</span></span></a> But there is +nothing whatever in this to invalidate the testimony of those +other places in which Θεός actually occurs. It is logically inadmissible, +I mean, to set aside the places where Cyril is found +actually to write Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη, because in other places he +employs 1 Tim. iii. 16 less precisely; leaving it to be inferred—(which +indeed is abundantly plain)—that Θεός is always +his reading, from the course of his argument and from the +nature of the matter in hand. But to proceed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">(B) Bp. Ellicott invited to state the evidence for reading ὅς +in</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[a] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">The state of the evidence,</span><span style="font-style: italic">”</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> as declared by Bp. Ellicott.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +When last the evidence for this question came before us, I +introduced it by inviting a member of the Revising body +(Dr. Roberts) to be spokesman on behalf of his brethren.<a id="noteref_932" name="noteref_932" href="#note_932"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">932</span></span></a> +This time, I shall call upon a more distinguished, a wholly +unexceptionable witness, viz. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yourself</span></em>,—who are, of course, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page429">[pg 429]</span><a name="Pg429" id="Pg429" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +greatly in advance of your fellow-Revisers in respect of +critical attainments. The extent of your individual familiarity +with the subject when (in 1870 namely) you proposed +to revise the Greek Text of the N. T. for the Church of +England on the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">solvere-ambulando</span></span> principle,—may I presume +be lawfully inferred from the following annotation in your +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Critical and Grammatical Commentary on the Pastoral +Epistles</span></span>.”</span> I quote from the last Edition of 1869; only +taking the liberty—(1) To break it up into short paragraphs: +and—(2) To give <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">in extenso</span></span> the proper names which you +abbreviate. Thus, instead of <span class="tei tei-q">“Theod.”</span> (which I take leave to +point out to you might mean either Theodore of Heraclea or +his namesake of Mopsuestia,—either Theodotus the Gnostic +or his namesake of Ancyra,) <span class="tei tei-q">“Euthal.,”</span> I write <span class="tei tei-q">“Theodoret, +Euthalius.”</span> And now for the external testimony, as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> give +it, concerning 1 Timothy iii. 16. You inform your readers +that,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The state of the evidence is briefly as follows:—</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(1) Ὅς is read with </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> [</span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">indisputably</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">; after minute personal +inspection; see note, p. 104.] </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> [Tischendorf </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Prol. Cod. +Ephraemi</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, § 7, p. 39.] </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">F G</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> א (see below); 17, 73, 181; Syr.-Philoxenian, +Coptic, Sahidic, Gothic; also (ὅς or ὅ) Syriac, +Arabic (Erpenius), Æthiopic, Armenian; Cyril, Theodorus +Mopsuest., Epiphanius, Gelasius, Hieronymus </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">in Esaiam</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> liii. 11. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(2) ὅ, with </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (Claromontanus), Vulgate; nearly all Latin +Fathers. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +(3) Θεός, with </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">k l</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">; nearly all MSS.; Arabic (Polyglott), +Slavonic; Didymus, Chrysostom (? see Tregelles, p. 227 note), +Theodoret, Euthalius, Damascene, Theophylact, Œcumenius,—Ignatius +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Ephes</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">. 29, (but very doubtful). A hand of the 12th +century has prefixed θε to ος, the reading of א; see Tischendorf +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">edit. major</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, Plate xvii. of Scrivener's Collation of א, facsimile +(13). +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.90em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">On reviewing this evidence, as not only the most important +uncial MSS., but </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">all</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%"> the Versions older than the 7th century +are distinctly in favour of a </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">relative</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">,—as ὅ seems only a Latinizing +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page430">[pg 430]</span><a name="Pg430" id="Pg430" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +variation of ὅς,—and lastly, as ὅς is the more difficult, +though really the more intelligible, reading (Hofmann, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Schriftb.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +Vol. I. p. 143), and on every reason more likely to have been +changed into Θεός (Macedonius is actually said to have been +expelled for making the change, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Liberati Diaconi Breviarium</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> +cap. 19) than </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">vice versâ</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, we unhesitatingly decide in favour of ὅς.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">—(</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Pastoral +Epistles</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, ed. 1869, pp. 51-2.) +</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such then is your own statement of the evidence on this +subject. I proceed to demonstrate to you that you are +completely mistaken:—mistaken as to what you say +about ὅς,—mistaken as to ὅ,—mistaken +as to Θεός:—mistaken +in respect of Codices,—mistaken in respect of +Versions,—mistaken in respect of Fathers. Your slipshod, +inaccurate statements, (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> obtained at second-hand,) will +occasion me, I foresee, a vast deal of trouble; but I am +determined, now at last, if the thing be possible, to set this +question at rest. And that I may not be misunderstood, I +beg to repeat that all I propose to myself is to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prove</span></em>—beyond +the possibility of denial—that the evidence for Θεός +(in 1 Timothy iii. 16) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">vastly preponderates over the evidence for +either</span></em> ὅς <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">or</span></em> ὅ. It will be for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, afterwards, to come forward +and prove that, on the contrary, Θεός is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear +error</span></em>:”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so</span></em> plain and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">so</span></em> clear that you and your fellow-Revisers +felt yourselves constrained to thrust it out from the +place it has confessedly occupied in the New Testament for +at least 1530 years. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You are further reminded, my lord Bishop, that unless +you do this, you will be considered by the whole Church to +have dealt unfaithfully with the Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. For, (as I +shall remind you in the sequel,) it is yourself who have +invited and provoked this enquiry. You devote twelve pages +to it (pp. 64 to 76),—<span class="tei tei-q">“compelled to do so by the Reviewer.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Moreover”</span> (you announce) <span class="tei tei-q">“this case is of great importance +as an example. It illustrates in a striking manner the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page431">[pg 431]</span><a name="Pg431" id="Pg431" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +complete isolation of the Reviewer's position. If he is right +all other Critics are wrong,”</span> &c., &c., &c.—Permit me to +remind you of the warning—<span class="tei tei-q">“Let not him that girdeth on +his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[b] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of the </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> concerning</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16: +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and first as to the testimony of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Codex</span></span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You begin then with the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Manuscript</span></em> evidence; and you +venture to assert that ΟΣ is <span class="tei tei-q">“indisputably”</span> the reading of +Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. I am at a loss to understand how a <span class="tei tei-q">“professed +Critic,”</span>—(who must be presumed to be acquainted with the +facts of the case, and who is a lover of Truth,)—can permit +himself to make such an assertion. Your certainty is based, +you say, on <span class="tei tei-q">“minute personal inspection.”</span> In other words, +you are so good as to explain that you once tried a coarse +experiment,<a id="noteref_933" name="noteref_933" href="#note_933"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">933</span></span></a> by which you succeeded in convincing yourself +that the suspected diameter of the Ο is exactly coincident with +the sagitta of an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">epsilon</span></span> (Ε) which happens to stand <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the +back of the page</span></em>. But do you not see that unless you start +with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> for your major premiss,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Theta</span></span> cannot exist on +one side of a page if <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">epsilon</span></span> stands immediately behind it on +the other side,”</span>—your experiment is <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">nihil ad rem</span></span>, and proves +absolutely nothing? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Your <span class="tei tei-q">“inspection”</span> happens however to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">inaccurate</span></em> besides. +You performed your experiment unskilfully. A man +need only hold up the leaf to the light on a very brilliant +day,—as Tregelles, Scrivener, and many besides (including +your present correspondent) have done,—to be aware that +the sagitta of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">epsilon</span></span> on fol. 145<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span> does not cover much +more than a third of the area of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">theta</span></span> on fol. 145<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>. +Dr. Scrivener further points out that it cuts the circle <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">too +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page432">[pg 432]</span><a name="Pg432" id="Pg432" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +high</span></em> to have been reasonably mistaken by a careful observer +for the diameter of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">theta</span></span> (Θ). The experiment which you +describe with such circumstantial gravity was simply +nugatory therefore. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How is it, my lord Bishop, that you do not perceive that +the way to ascertain the reading of Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> at 1 Tim. iii. 16, +is,—(1) To investigate <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> what is found at <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the back</span></em> of the leaf, +but what is written on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the front</span></em> of it? and (2), Not so much +to enquire what can be deciphered of the original writing by +the aid of a powerful lens <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">now</span></em>, as to ascertain what was +apparent to the eye of competent observers when the Codex +was first brought into this country, viz. 250 years ago? That +Patrick Young, the first custodian and collator of the Codex +[1628-1652], read <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>, is certain.—Young communicated the +<span class="tei tei-q">“various Readings”</span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> to Abp. Ussher:—and the latter, +prior to 1653, communicated them to Hammond, who clearly +knew nothing of ΟΣ.—It is plain that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> was the reading +seen by Huish—when he sent his collation of the Codex +(made, according to Bentley, with great exactness,<a id="noteref_934" name="noteref_934" href="#note_934"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">934</span></span></a>) to Brian +Walton, who published the fifth volume of his Polyglott in +1657.—Bp. Pearson, who was very curious in such matters, +says <span class="tei tei-q">“we find not ὅς <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in any copy</span></em>,”</span>—a sufficient proof how <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he</span></em> +read the place in 1659.—Bp. Fell, who published an edition +of the N. T. in 1675, certainly considered <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> the reading of +Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>.—Mill, who was at work on the Text of the N. T. +from 1677 to 1707, expressly declares that he saw the +remains of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> in this place.<a id="noteref_935" name="noteref_935" href="#note_935"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">935</span></span></a> Bentley, who had himself +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page433">[pg 433]</span><a name="Pg433" id="Pg433" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(1716) collated the MS. with the utmost accuracy (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">accuratissime +ipse contuli</span></span>”</span>), knew nothing of any other reading.—Emphatic +testimony on the subject is borne by Wotton in +1718:—<span class="tei tei-q">“There can be no doubt”</span> (he says) <span class="tei tei-q">“that this MS. +always exhibited <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>. Of this, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any one may easily convince +himself who will be at the pains to examine the place with attention</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_936" name="noteref_936" href="#note_936"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">936</span></span></a>—Two +years earlier,—(we have it on the testimony of Mr. +John Creyk, of S. John's Coll., Cambridge,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“the old line in +the letter θ was plainly to be seen.”</span><a id="noteref_937" name="noteref_937" href="#note_937"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">937</span></span></a>—It was <span class="tei tei-q">“much about +the same time,”</span> also, (viz. about 1716) that Wetstein +acknowledged to the Rev. John Kippax,—<span class="tei tei-q">“who took it down +in writing from his own mouth,—that though the middle +stroke of the θ has been evidently retouched, yet the fine +stroke which was originally in the body of the θ is discoverable +at each end of the fuller stroke of the corrector.”</span><a id="noteref_938" name="noteref_938" href="#note_938"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">938</span></span></a>—And +Berriman himself, (who delivered a course of Lectures on the +true reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16, in 1737-8,) attests emphatically +that he had seen it also. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">If therefore</span></em>”</span> (he adds) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at any +time hereafter the old line should become altogether undiscoverable, +there will never be just cause to doubt but that the genuine, +and original reading of the MS. was</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>: and that the new +strokes, added at the top and in the middle by the corrector +were not designed to corrupt and falsify, but to preserve and +perpetuate the true reading, which was in danger of being +lost by the decay of Time.”</span><a id="noteref_939" name="noteref_939" href="#note_939"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">939</span></span></a>—Those memorable words +(which I respectfully commend to your notice) were written +in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1741. How <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1882), after surveying all this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page434">[pg 434]</span><a name="Pg434" id="Pg434" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +accumulated and consistent testimony (borne <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1628 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +1741) by eye-witnesses as competent to observe a fact of this +kind as yourself; and fully as deserving of credit, when they +solemnly declare what they have seen:—how <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, I say, after +a survey of this evidence, can gravely sit down and inform +the world that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there is no sufficient evidence that there was +ever a time when this reading was patent as the reading which +came from the original scribe</span></em>”</span> (p. 72):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> passes my comprehension.—It shall only be added that Bengel, who was a +very careful enquirer, had already cited the Codex Alexandrinus +as a witness for Θεός in 1734:<a id="noteref_940" name="noteref_940" href="#note_940"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">940</span></span></a>—and that Woide, the +learned and conscientious editor of the Codex, declares that +so late as 1765 he had seen traces of the θ which twenty +years later (viz. in 1785) were visible to him no longer.<a id="noteref_941" name="noteref_941" href="#note_941"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">941</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That Wetstein subsequently changed his mind, I am not +unaware. He was one of those miserable men whose visual +organs return a false report to their possessor whenever they +are shown a text which witnesses inconveniently to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>-head +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus Christ</span></span>.<a id="noteref_942" name="noteref_942" href="#note_942"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">942</span></span></a> I know too that Griesbach in 1785 +announced himself of Wetstein's opinion. It is suggestive +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page435">[pg 435]</span><a name="Pg435" id="Pg435" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +however that ten years before, (N. T. ed. 1775,) he had rested +the fact <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> on the testimony borne by the MS. itself, but on +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consent of Versions, Copies, and Fathers</span></em> which exhibit the +Alexandrian Recension.”</span><a id="noteref_943" name="noteref_943" href="#note_943"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">943</span></span></a>—Since Griesbach's time, Davidson, +Tregelles, Tischendorf, Westcott and Hort, and Ellicott have +announced their opinion that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> was never written at 1 Tim. +iii. 16: confessedly only because <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> is to them invisible <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one +hundred years after</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">has disappeared from sight</span></em>. The fact +remains for all <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>, that the original reading of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> is attested +so amply, that no sincere lover of Truth can ever hereafter +pretend to doubt it. <span class="tei tei-q">“Omnia testimonia,”</span> (my lord Bishop,) +<span class="tei tei-q">“omnemque historicam veritatem in suspicionem adducere +non licet; nec mirum est nos ea nunc non discernere, quæ, +antequam nos Codicem vidissemus, evanuerant.”</span><a id="noteref_944" name="noteref_944" href="#note_944"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">944</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The sum of the matter, (as I pointed out to you on a +former occasion,<a id="noteref_945" name="noteref_945" href="#note_945"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">945</span></span></a>) is this,—That it is too late by 150 years to +contend on the negative side of this question. Nay, a famous +living Critic (long may he live!) assures us that when his +eyes were 20 years younger (Feb. 7, 1861) he actually discerned, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still lingering</span></em>, a faint trace of the diameter of the Θ +which Berriman in 1741 had seen so plainly. <span class="tei tei-q">“I have +examined Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> at least twenty times within as many +years”</span> (wrote Prebendary Scrivener in 1874<a id="noteref_946" name="noteref_946" href="#note_946"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">946</span></span></a>), <span class="tei tei-q">“and ... seeing +(as every one must) with my own eyes, I have always +felt convinced that it reads <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>”</span>.... For <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> to assert, in +reply to all this mass of positive evidence, that the reading is +<span class="tei tei-q">“indisputably”</span> ΟΣ,—and to contend that what makes this +indisputable, is the fact that behind part of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">theta</span></span> (Θ), [but +too high to mislead a skilful observer,] an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">epsilon</span></span> stands on +the reverse side of the page;—strikes me as bordering +inconveniently on the ridiculous. If <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> be your notion of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page436">[pg 436]</span><a name="Pg436" id="Pg436" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +what does constitute <span class="tei tei-q">“sufficient evidence,”</span> well may the +testimony of so many <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">testes oculati</span></span> seem to you to lack sufficiency. +Your notions on these subjects are, I should think, +peculiar to yourself. You even fail to see that your statement +(in Scrivener's words) is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not relevant to the point at +issue.</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_947" name="noteref_947" href="#note_947"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">947</span></span></a> The plain fact concerning cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>:—That at +1 Tim. iii. 16, two delicate horizontal strokes in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> which +were thoroughly patent in 1628,—which could be seen +plainly down to 1737,—and which were discernible by an +expert (Dr. Woide) so late as A.D. 1765,<a id="noteref_948" name="noteref_948" href="#note_948"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">948</span></span></a>—have for the +last hundred years entirely disappeared; which is precisely +what Berriman (in 1741) predicted would be the case. Moreover, +he solemnly warned men against drawing from this +circumstance the mistaken inference which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, my lord +Bishop, nevertheless <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insist</span></em> on drawing, and representing as +an <span class="tei tei-q">“indisputable”</span> fact. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have treated so largely of the reading of the Codex +Alexandrinus, not because I consider the testimony of a +solitary copy, whether uncial or cursive, a matter of much +importance,—certainly not the testimony of Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, which +(in defiance of every other authority extant) exhibits <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +body of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>”</span> in S. John xix. 40:—but because <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> insist +that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> is a witness on your side: whereas it is demonstrable, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page437">[pg 437]</span><a name="Pg437" id="Pg437" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(and I claim to have demonstrated,) that you cannot honestly +do so; and (I trust) you will never do so any more. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[c] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Codices</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">concerning</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That א reads ΟΣ is admitted.—Not so Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, which the +excessive application of chemicals has rendered no longer +decipherable in this place. Tischendorf (of course) insists, +that the original reading was ΟΣ.<a id="noteref_949" name="noteref_949" href="#note_949"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">949</span></span></a> Wetstein and Griesbach +(just as we should expect,) avow the same opinion,—Woide, +Mill, Weber and Parquoi being just as confident that the +original reading was <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>. As in the case of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, it is too +late by full 100 years to re-open this question. Observable +it is that the witnesses yield contradictory evidence. Wetstein, +writing 150 years ago, before the original writing had +become so greatly defaced,—(and Wetstein, inasmuch as he +collated the MS. for Bentley [1716], must have been +thoroughly familiar with its contents,)—only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thought</span></em>”</span> that +he read ΟΣ; <span class="tei tei-q">“because the delicate horizontal stroke which +makes Θ out of Ο,”</span> was to him <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not apparent</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_950" name="noteref_950" href="#note_950"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">950</span></span></a> Woide on the +contrary was convinced that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> had been written by the first +hand: <span class="tei tei-q">“for”</span> (said he) <span class="tei tei-q">“though there <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exists no vestige</span></em> of the +delicate stroke which out of Ο makes Θ, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the stroke written above +the letters is by the first hand</span></em>.”</span> What however to Wetstein +and to Woide was not apparent, was visible enough to +Weber, Wetstein's contemporary. And Tischendorf, so late +as 1843, expressed his astonishment that the stroke in +question had hitherto escaped the eyes of every one; <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">having +been repeatedly seen by himself</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_951" name="noteref_951" href="#note_951"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">951</span></span></a> He attributes it, (just as we +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page438">[pg 438]</span><a name="Pg438" id="Pg438" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +should expect) to a corrector of the MS.; partly, because of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its colour</span></em>, (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">subnigra</span></span>”</span>); partly, because of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">its inclining upwards +to the right</span></em>. And yet, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> sees not that an argument +derived from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the colour</span></em> of a line which is already well-nigh +invisible, must needs be in a high degree precarious? while +Scrivener aptly points out that the cross line in Θ,—the +ninth letter further on, (which has never been questioned,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">also</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ascends towards the right.”</span> The hostile evidence +collapses therefore. In the meantime, what at least is +certain is, that the subscribed musical notation indicates that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a thousand years ago, a word of two syllables</span></em> was read here. +From a review of all of which, it is clear that the utmost +which can be pretended is that some degree of uncertainty +attaches to the testimony of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>. Yet, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> such a plea +should be either set up or allowed, I really see not—except +indeed by men who have made up their minds beforehand +that ΟΣ <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall be</span></em> the reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16. Let the sign of +uncertainty however follow the notation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> for this +text, if you will. That cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> is an indubitable witness for ΟΣ, +I venture at least to think that no fair person will ever +any more pretend. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[d] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Codices F</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">G</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of S. Paul, concerning</span></span> +1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The next dispute is about the reading of the two IXth-century +codices, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>,—concerning which I propose to +trouble you with a few words in addition to what has been +already offered on this subject at pp. <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref">100-1</a>: the rather, +because you have yourself devoted one entire page of your +pamphlet to the testimony yielded by these two codices; and +because you therein have recourse to what (if it proceeded +from any one but a Bishop,) I should designate the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">insolent</span></em> +method of trying to put me down by authority,—instead of +seeking to convince me of my error by producing some good +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page439">[pg 439]</span><a name="Pg439" id="Pg439" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +reasons for your opinion. You seem to think it enough to +hurl Wetstein, Griesbach, Lachmann, Tregelles, Tischendorf, +and (cruellest of all) my friend Scrivener, at my head. Permit +me to point out that this, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as an argument</span></em>, is the feeblest to +which a Critic can have recourse. He shouts so lustily for +help only because he is unable to take care of himself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> then are confessedly independent copies of one +and the same archetype: and <span class="tei tei-q">“both <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>”</span> (you say) +<span class="tei tei-q">“exhibit <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span>.”</span><a id="noteref_952" name="noteref_952" href="#note_952"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">952</span></span></a> Be it so. The question arises,—What does +the stroke above the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> signify? I venture to believe that +these two codices represent a copy which originally exhibited +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>, but from which the diameter of the Θ had disappeared—(as +very often is the case in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>)—through tract of time. +The effect of this would be that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> are in reality +witnesses for Θεός. Not so, you say. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> slanting stroke +represents the aspirate, and proves that these two codices are +witnesses for ὅς.<a id="noteref_953" name="noteref_953" href="#note_953"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">953</span></span></a> Let us look a little more closely into this +matter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Here are two documents, of which it has been said that +they <span class="tei tei-q">“were separately derived from some early codex, in +which there was probably no interval between the words.”</span><a id="noteref_954" name="noteref_954" href="#note_954"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">954</span></span></a> +They were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not immediately</span></em> derived from such a codex, I +remark: it being quite incredible that two independent +copyists could have hit on the same extravagantly absurd +way of dividing the uncial letters.<a id="noteref_955" name="noteref_955" href="#note_955"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">955</span></span></a> The common archetype +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page440">[pg 440]</span><a name="Pg440" id="Pg440" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which both employed must have been the work of a late +Western scribe every bit as licentious and as unacquainted +with Greek as themselves.<a id="noteref_956" name="noteref_956" href="#note_956"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">956</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">That</span></em> archetype however may +very well have been obtained from a primitive codex of the +kind first supposed, in which the words were written continuously, +as in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. Such Manuscripts were furnished +with neither breathings nor accents: accordingly, <span class="tei tei-q">“of the +ordinary breathings or accents there are no traces”</span><a id="noteref_957" name="noteref_957" href="#note_957"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">957</span></span></a> in either +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But then, cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> occasionally,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> much oftener,—exhibits +a little straight stroke, nearly horizontal, over the initial +vowel of certain words. Some have supposed that this was +designed to represent the aspirate: but it is not so. The +proof is, that it is found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">consistently</span></em> introduced over the same +vowels <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the interlinear Latin</span></em>. Thus, the Latin preposition +<span class="tei tei-q">“a”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">always</span></em> has the slanting stroke above it:<a id="noteref_958" name="noteref_958" href="#note_958"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">958</span></span></a> and the Latin +interjection <span class="tei tei-q">“o”</span> is furnished with the same appendage,—alike +in the Gospels and in the Epistles.<a id="noteref_959" name="noteref_959" href="#note_959"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">959</span></span></a> This observation +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page441">[pg 441]</span><a name="Pg441" id="Pg441" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +evacuates the supposed significance of the few instances +where ἃ is written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Α</span></span>:<a id="noteref_960" name="noteref_960" href="#note_960"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">960</span></span></a> as well as of the much fewer places +where ὁ or ὃ are written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ο</span></span>:<a id="noteref_961" name="noteref_961" href="#note_961"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">961</span></span></a> especially when account is taken +of the many hundred occasions, (often in rapid succession,) +when nothing at all is to be seen above the <span class="tei tei-q">“ο.”</span><a id="noteref_962" name="noteref_962" href="#note_962"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">962</span></span></a> As for the +fact that ἵνα is always written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ι</span></span>ΝΑ (or ΪΝΑ),—let it only be +noted that besides ιδωμεν, ιχθυς, ισχυρος, &c., Ιακωβος, +Ιωαννης, Ιουδας, &c., (which are all distinguished in the +same way,)—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Latin words also beginning with an</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“I”</span> are +similarly adorned,—and we become convinced that the little +stroke in question is to be explained on some entirely +different principle. At last, we discover (from the example +of <span class="tei tei-q">“sī,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“sīc,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“etsī,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“servītus,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“saeculīs,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“idolīs,”</span> &c.) that the +supposed sign of the rough breathing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is nothing else but +an ancient substitute for the modern dot over the </span><span class="tei tei-q">“I.”</span></em>—We may +now return to the case actually before us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It has been pointed out that the line above the ΟΣ in both +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“is not horizontal, but rises a little towards the +right.”</span> I beg to call attention to the fact that there are 38 +instances of the slight super-imposed <span class="tei tei-q">“line”</span> here spoken of, in +the page of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> where the reading under discussion +appears: 7 in the Greek, 31 in the Latin. In the corresponding +page of cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>, the instances are 44: 8 in the +Greek, 36 in the Latin.<a id="noteref_963" name="noteref_963" href="#note_963"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">963</span></span></a> These short horizontal strokes +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page442">[pg 442]</span><a name="Pg442" id="Pg442" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +(they can hardly be called <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lines</span></em>) generally—not by any +means always—slant upwards; and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they are invariably the +sign of contraction</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The problem before us has in this way been divested of a +needless encumbrance. The suspicion that the horizontal +line above the word ΟΣ may possibly represent the aspirate, +has been disposed of. It has been demonstrated that +throughout these two codices a horizontal line slanting upwards, +set over a vowel, is either—(1) The sign of contraction; +or else—(2) A clerical peculiarity. In the place +before us, then, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which</span></em> of the two is it? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The sign of contraction</span></em>, I answer: seeing that whereas +there are, in the page before us, 9 aspirated, and (including +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span>) 8 contracted Greek words, not one of those <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nine</span></em> aspirated +words has <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any mark at all</span></em> above its initial letter; while +every one of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight</span></em> contracted words is duly furnished +with the symbol of contraction. I further submit that inasmuch +as ὅς is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nowhere</span></em> else written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> in either codex, it is unreasonable +to assume that it is so written in this place. Now, +that almost every codex in the world reads <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> in 1 Tim. iii. +16,—is a plain fact; and that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> (in verse 16) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">would be</span></em> Θεός +if the delicate horizontal stroke which distinguishes Θ from +Ο, were not away,—no one denies. Surely, therefore, the +only thing which remains to be enquired after, is,—Are there +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any other</span></em> such substitutions of one letter for another discoverable +in these two codices? And it is notorious that +instances of the phenomenon abound. The letters Σ, Ε, Ο, Θ +are confused throughout.<a id="noteref_964" name="noteref_964" href="#note_964"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">964</span></span></a> And what else are ΠΕΝΟΟΥΝΤΕΣ +for πενθουντες (Matth. v. 4),—ΕΚΡΙΖΩΟΗΤΙ for εκριζωθητι +(Luc. xvii. 16),—ΚΑΤΑΒΗΟΙ for καταβηθι (xix. 6),—but +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page443">[pg 443]</span><a name="Pg443" id="Pg443" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +instances of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">self-same mistake</span></em> which (as I contend) has +in this place turned <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span> into <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +My lord Bishop, I have submitted to all this painful +drudgery, not, you may be sure, without a sufficient reason. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Never any more must we hear of </span><span class="tei tei-q">“breathings”</span><span style="font-style: italic"> in connexion with +codices</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>. The stroke above the ΟΣ in 1 Tim. iii. 16 +has been proved to be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">probably the sign of contraction</span></em>. I +forbear, of course, to insist that the two codices are witnesses +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on my side</span></em>. I require that you, in the same spirit of fairness, +will abstain from claiming them as certainly witnessing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on +yours</span></em>. The Vth-century codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, and the IXth-century +codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f-g</span></span> must be regarded as equivocal in the testimony +they render, and are therefore not to be reckoned to either +of the contending parties. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +These are many words about the two singularly corrupt +IXth-century documents, concerning which so much has +been written already. But I sincerely desire,—(and so I +trust do you, as a Christian Bishop,)—to see the end of a +controversy which those only have any right to re-open (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">pace +tuâ dixerim</span></span>) who have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">something new to offer on the subject</span></em>: +and certain it is that the bearing of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> on this matter +has never before been fully stated. I dismiss those two +codices with the trite remark that they are, at all events, but +one codex: and that against them are to be set <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">k l p</span></span>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +only uncials which remain</span></em>; for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> (of <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul”</span>) exhibits ὅ, and +the Vatican codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> no longer serves us. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[fe] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">cursive copies</span></span>: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and specially of</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 17,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“73”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“181,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">concerning</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Next, for the cursive Copies. You claim without enquiry,—and +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only because you find that men have claimed them before +you</span></em>,—Nos. 17, 73, 181, as witnesses for ὅς. Will you permit +me to point out that no progress will ever be made in these +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page444">[pg 444]</span><a name="Pg444" id="Pg444" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +studies so long as <span class="tei tei-q">“professed Critics”</span> will persevere in the +evil practice of transcribing one another's references, and thus +appropriating one another's blunders? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +About the reading of <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 17,”</span> (the notorious <span class="tei tei-q">“33”</span> of the +Gospels,) there is indeed no doubt.—Mindful however of +President Routh's advice to me always <span class="tei tei-q">“to verify my references,”</span>—concerning +<span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 73”</span> I wrote a letter of enquiry to +Upsala (July 28, 1879), and for all answer (Sept. 6th) +received a beautiful tracing of what my correspondent called +the <span class="tei tei-q">“1 Thim. iii. 16 <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">paraphe</span></span>.”</span> It proved to be an abridged +exhibition of 21 lines of Œcumenius. I instantly wrote to +enquire whether this was really all that the codex in question +has to say to 1 Tim. iii. 16? but to this I received no reply. +I presumed therefore that I had got to the bottom of the +business. But in July 1882, I addressed a fresh enquiry to +Dr. Belsheim of Christiania, and got his answer last October. +By that time he had visited Upsala: had verified for me +readings in other MSS., and reported that the reading here is +ὅς. I instantly wrote to enquire whether he had seen the +word with his own eyes? He replied that he desired to +look further into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> matter on some future occasion,—the +MS. in question being (he says) a difficult one to handle. +I am still awaiting his final report, which he promises to +send me when next he visits Upsala. (<span class="tei tei-q">“Aurivillius”</span> says +nothing about it.) Let <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 73”</span> in the meantime stand +with a note of interrogation, or how you will. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +About <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 181,”</span> (which Scholz describes as <span class="tei tei-q">“vi. 36”</span> in +the Laurentian library at Florence,) I take leave to repeat (in +a foot-note) what (in a letter to Dr. Scrivener) I explained +in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Guardian”</span> ten years ago.<a id="noteref_965" name="noteref_965" href="#note_965"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">965</span></span></a> In consequence however +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page445">[pg 445]</span><a name="Pg445" id="Pg445" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of your discourteous remarks (which you will be gratified to +find quoted at foot,<a id="noteref_966" name="noteref_966" href="#note_966"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">966</span></span></a>) I have written (not for the first time) to +the learned custos of the Laurentian library on the subject; +stating the entire case and reminding him of my pertinacity +in 1871. He replies,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Scholz fallitur huic bibliothecæ +tribuendo codicem sign. <span class="tei tei-q">‘plut. vi. n. 36.’</span> Nec est in præsenti, +nec fuit antea, neque exstat in aliâ bibliothecâ apud nos.”</span>... +On a review of what goes before, I submit that one +who has taken so much pains with the subject does not +deserve to be flouted as I find myself flouted by the Bp. of +Gloucester and Bristol,—who has not been at the pains to +verify <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one single point</span></em> in this entire controversy for himself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Every other known copy of S. Paul's Epistles</span></em>, (written in +the cursive character,) I have ascertained (by laborious +correspondence with the chiefs of foreign libraries) concurs in +exhibiting Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί. The importance of this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page446">[pg 446]</span><a name="Pg446" id="Pg446" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +testimony ought to be supremely evident to yourself who +contend so strenuously for the support of Paul 73 and 181. +But because, in my judgment, this practical unanimity of +the manuscripts is not only <span class="tei tei-q">“important”</span> but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">conclusive</span></em>, I +shall presently recur to it (viz. at pages <a href="#Pg494" class="tei tei-ref">494-5</a>,) more in detail. +For do but consider that these copies were one and all derived +from yet older MSS. than themselves; and that the +remote originals of those older MSS. were perforce of higher +antiquity still, and were executed in every part of primitive +Christendom. How is it credible that they should, one and +all, conspire to mislead? I cannot in fact express better +than Dr. Berriman did 140 years ago, the logical result of +such a concord of the copies:—<span class="tei tei-q">“From whence can it be +supposed that this general, I may say this universal consent +of the Greek MSS. should arise, but from hence,—That +Θεός is the genuine original reading of this Text?”</span> (p. 325.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, you owe me a debt of gratitude: for, in +the course of an enquiry which I have endeavoured to make +exhaustive, I have discovered <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three</span></em> specimens of the book +called <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>,”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Praxapostolus</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> Lections from +the Epistles and Acts) which also exhibit ὅς in this place. +One of these is Reg. 375 (our <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 12”</span>) in the French +collection, a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western</span></em> codex, dated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1022.<a id="noteref_967" name="noteref_967" href="#note_967"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">967</span></span></a> The story of +the discovery of the other two (to be numbered <span class="tei tei-q">“Praxapost.”</span> +85, 86,) is interesting, and will enliven this dull page. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +At Tusculum, near Rome,—(the locality which Cicero +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page447">[pg 447]</span><a name="Pg447" id="Pg447" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +rendered illustrious, and where he loved to reside surrounded +by his books,)—was founded early in the XIth century a +Christian library which in process of time became exceedingly +famous. It retains, in fact, its ancient reputation to this +day. Nilus <span class="tei tei-q">“Rossanensis”</span> it was, who, driven with his monks +from Calabria by invading hordes, established in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1004 a +monastery at Tusculum, to which either he, or his successors, +gave the name of <span class="tei tei-q">“Crypta Ferrata.”</span> It became the headquarters +of the Basilian monks in the XVIIth century. +Hither habitually resorted those illustrious men, Sirletus, +Mabillon, Zacagni, Ciampini, Montfaucon,—and more lately +Mai and Dom Pitra. To Signor Cozza-Luzi, the present learned +and enlightened chief of the Vatican library, (who is himself +<span class="tei tei-q">“Abbas Monachorum Basiliensium Cryptæ Ferratæ,”</span>) I am +indebted for my copy of the Catalogue (now in process of +publication<a id="noteref_968" name="noteref_968" href="#note_968"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">968</span></span></a>) of the extraordinary collection of MSS. belonging +to the society over which he presides. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In consequence of the information which the Abbate Cozza-Luzi +sent me, I put myself in communication with the +learned librarian of the monastery, the <span class="tei tei-q">“Hieromonachus”</span> +D. Antonio Rocchi, (author of the Catalogue in question,) +whom I cannot sufficiently thank for his courtesy and kindness. +The sum of the matter is briefly this:—There are +still preserved in the library of the Basilian monks of Crypta +Ferrata,—(notwithstanding that many of its ancient treasures +have found their way into other repositories,<a id="noteref_969" name="noteref_969" href="#note_969"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">969</span></span></a>)—4 manuscripts +of S. Paul's Epistles, which I number 290, -1, -2, -3: +and 7 copies of the book called <span class="tei tei-q">“Praxapostolus,”</span> which I +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page448">[pg 448]</span><a name="Pg448" id="Pg448" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +number 83, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9. Of these eleven, 3 are defective +hereabouts: 5 read Θεός: 2 (Praxapost.) exhibit ὅς; +and 1 (Apost. 83) contains an only not unique reading, to be +mentioned at p. <a href="#Pg478" class="tei tei-ref">478</a>. Hieromonachus Rocchi furnishes me +with references besides to 3 Liturgical Codices out of a +total of 22, (Ἀποστολοευαγγέλια), which also exhibit Θεός.<a id="noteref_970" name="noteref_970" href="#note_970"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">970</span></span></a> +I number them Apost. 106, 108, 110. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, we may proceed to consider the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[f] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">to the reading of</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Turning to the ancient Versions”</span> (you assert) <span class="tei tei-q">“we find +them almost unanimous against Θεός”</span> (p. 65). But your +business, my lord Bishop, was to show that some of them +witness <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in favour of</span></em> ὅς. If you cannot show that several +ancient Versions,—besides a fair proportion of ancient Fathers,—are +clearly on your side, your contention is unreasonable +as well as hopeless. What then do the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> say? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Now, it is allowed on all hands that the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Latin</span></span> Version +was made from copies which must have exhibited μυστήριον +ὅ ἐφανερώθη. The agreement of the Latin copies is +absolute. The Latin Fathers also conspire in reading +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">mysterium quod</span></span>:”</span> though some of them seem to have +regarded <span class="tei tei-q">“quod”</span> as a conjunction. Occasionally, (as by the +Translator of Origen,<a id="noteref_971" name="noteref_971" href="#note_971"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">971</span></span></a>) we even find <span class="tei tei-q">“quia”</span> substituted <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“quod.”</span> Estius conjectures that <span class="tei tei-q">“quod”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> a conjunction in +this place. But in fact the reasoning of the Latin Fathers is +observed invariably to proceed as if they had found nothing +else but <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span>”</span> in the text before them. They bravely +assume that the Eternal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word</span></span>, the second Person in the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page449">[pg 449]</span><a name="Pg449" id="Pg449" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Trinity, is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">designated</span></em> by the expression <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">magnum pietatis +sacramentum</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) It is, I admit, a striking circumstance that such a +mistake as this in the old Latin should have been retained in +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Vulgate</span></span>. But if you ever study this subject with attention, +you will find that Jerome,—although no doubt he <span class="tei tei-q">“professedly +corrected the old Latin Version by the help of +ancient Greek manuscripts,”</span> (p. 69,)—on many occasions +retains readings which it is nevertheless demonstrable that +he individually disapproved. No certain inference therefore +as to what Jerome <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">found</span></em> in ancient Greek MSS. can be +safely drawn from the text of the Vulgate. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Next, for the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></em> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Peschito</span></span>) Version. I beg to +subjoin the view of the late loved and lamented P. E. Pusey,—the +editor of Cyril, and who at the time of his death was +engaged in re-editing the Peschito. He says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“In 1 Tim. +iii. 16, the Syriac has <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui manifestatus est</span></span>.’</span> The relative is +indeterminate, but the verb is not. In Syriac however +μυστήριον is masculine; and thus, the natural way would be +to take μυστήριον as the antecedent, and translate <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod +manifestatum est</span></span>.’</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">No one would have thought of any other +way of translating the Syriac</span></em>—but for the existence of the +various reading ὅς in the Greek, and the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">possibility</span></em> of its +affecting the translation into Syriac. But the Peschito is so +really a translation into good Syriac, (not into word-for-word +Syriac,) that if the translator had wanted to express the +Greek ὅς, in so difficult a passage, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he would have turned it +differently</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_972" name="noteref_972" href="#note_972"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">972</span></span></a>—The Peschito therefore yields the same +testimony as the Latin; and may not be declared (as you +declare it) to be indeterminate. Still less may it be +represented as witnessing to ὅς. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page450">[pg 450]</span><a name="Pg450" id="Pg450" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) It follows to enquire concerning the rendering of +1 Tim. iii. 16 in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Philoxenian</span></span>, or rather the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Harkleian</span></span> +Version (VIIth cent.), concerning which I have had recourse +to the learned Editor of that Version. He writes:—<span class="tei tei-q">“There +can be no doubt that the authors of this Version had either +Θεός or Θεοῦ before them: while their marginal note shows +that they were aware of the reading ὅς. They exhibit,—<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Great +is the mystery of the goodness of the fear</span></em> (feminine) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">of </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">, who-was-manifested</span></em> (masculine) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the flesh</span></em>.’</span> The +marginal addition [ܗܘ before ܕܐܬܓܠܝ (or ܘܗ before ܝܠܓܬܐܕ)] makes the reference +to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> all the plainer.”</span><a id="noteref_973" name="noteref_973" href="#note_973"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">973</span></span></a> See more below, at p. <a href="#Pg489" class="tei tei-ref">489</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now this introduction of the word Θεός into the text, +however inartistic it may seem to you and to me, is a fatal +circumstance to those who would contend on your side. It +shows translators divided between two rival and conflicting +readings: but determined to give prominence to the circumstance +which constituted the greatness of the mystery: viz. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God incarnate</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-q">“May I suggest”</span> (adds the witty scholar +in his Post-script) <span class="tei tei-q">“that there would be no mystery in <span class="tei tei-q">‘a +man being manifested in the flesh’</span>?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The facts concerning the Harkleian Version being such, +you will not be surprised to hear me say that I am at a loss +to understand how, without a syllable expressive of doubt, +you should claim this version (the <span class="tei tei-q">“Philoxenian”</span> you call it—but +it is rather the Harkleian), as a witness on your side,—a +witness for ὅς.<a id="noteref_974" name="noteref_974" href="#note_974"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">974</span></span></a> It not only witnesses <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">against</span></em> you, (for +the Latin and the Peschito do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>,) but, as I have shown +you, it is a witness on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></em> side. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) and (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>). Next, for the Versions of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lower</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Upper +Egypt</span></span>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page451">[pg 451]</span><a name="Pg451" id="Pg451" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We are content”</span> (you say) to <span class="tei tei-q">“refer our readers to +Tischendorf and Tregelles, who unhesitatingly claim the +Memphitic [or Coptic] and the Thebaic [or Sahidic] for ὅς.”</span><a id="noteref_975" name="noteref_975" href="#note_975"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">975</span></span></a> +But surely, in a matter of this kind, my lord Bishop—(I +mean, when we are discussing some nicety of a language of +which personally we know absolutely nothing,)—we may +never <span class="tei tei-q">“be content to refer our readers”</span> to individuals who +are every bit as ignorant of the matter as ourselves. Rather +should we be at the pains to obtain for those whom we propose +to instruct the deliberate verdict of those who have +made the subject their special study. Dr. Malan (who must +be heartily sick of me by this time), in reply to my repeated +enquiries, assures me that in Coptic and in Sahidic alike, +<span class="tei tei-q">“the relative pronoun always takes the gender of the Greek +antecedent. But, inasmuch as there is properly speaking +no neuter in either language, the masculine does duty <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for</span></em> +the neuter; the gender of the definite article and relative +pronoun being determined by the gender of the word +referred to. Thus, in S. John xv. 26, the Coptic <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pi</span></span>’</span> and +<span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">phè</span></span>’</span> respectively represent the definite article and the +relative, alike in the expression ὁ Παράκλητος ὅν, and in the +expression τὸ Πνεῦμα ὅ: and so throughout. In 1 Tim. iii. +16, therefore, <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">pi mustèrion phè</span></span>,’</span> must perforce be rendered, τὸ +μυστήριον ὅ:—not, surely, ὁ μυστήριον ὅς. And yet, if <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the relative</span></em> +may be masculine, why not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the article</span></em> also? But in fact, +we have no more right to render the Coptic (or the Sahidic) +relative by ὅς in 1 Tim. iii. 16, than in any other similar passage +where a neuter noun (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> πνεῦμα or σῶμα) has gone +before. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">In this particular case</span></em>, of course a pretence may be +set up that the gender of the relative shall be regarded as +an open question: but in strictness of grammar, it is far +otherwise. No Coptic or Sahidic scholar, in fact, having +to translate the Coptic or Sahidic back into Greek, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page452">[pg 452]</span><a name="Pg452" id="Pg452" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +would ever dream of writing anything else but τὸ μυστήριον +ὅ.”</span><a id="noteref_976" name="noteref_976" href="#note_976"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">976</span></span></a> And now I trust I have made it plain to you +that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you are mistaken</span></em> in your statement (p. 69),—that <span class="tei tei-q">“Ὅς +is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">supported by the two Egyptian Versions</span></em>.”</span> It is supported +by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">neither</span></em>. You have been shown that they both witness +against you. You will therefore not be astonished to hear +me again declare that I am at a loss to understand how you +can cite the <span class="tei tei-q">“Philoxenian, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Coptic and Sahidic</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_977" name="noteref_977" href="#note_977"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">977</span></span></a>—as witnesses +on your side. It is not in this way, my lord Bishop, that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Truth is to be established. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>) As for the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gothic</span></span> Version,—dissatisfied with the verdict +of De Gabelentz and Loebe,<a id="noteref_978" name="noteref_978" href="#note_978"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">978</span></span></a> I addressed myself to +Dr. Ceriani of Milan, the learned and most helpful chief of +the Ambrosian Library: in which by the way is preserved <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +only known copy</span></em> of Ulphilas for 1 Tim. iii. 16. He inclines +to the opinion that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">saei</span></span>”</span> is to be read,—the rather, because +Andreas Uppström, the recent editor of the codex, a diligent +and able scholar, has decided in favour of that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">obscure</span></em>”</span> +reading.<a id="noteref_979" name="noteref_979" href="#note_979"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">979</span></span></a> The Gothic therefore must be considered to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page453">[pg 453]</span><a name="Pg453" id="Pg453" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +witness to the (more than) extraordinary combination;—μέγΑΣ ... μυστήριον ... ὍΣ. (See the footnote 4 p. <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref">452</a>.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I obtain at the same time, the same verdict, and on the +same grounds, from that distinguished and obliging scholar, +Dr. John Belsheim of Christiania. <span class="tei tei-q">“But”</span> (he adds) <span class="tei tei-q">“the +reading is a little dubious. H. F. Massmann, in the notes to +his edition,<a id="noteref_980" name="noteref_980" href="#note_980"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">980</span></span></a> at page 657, says,—<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">saei</span></em> [qui] is altogether +obliterated.’</span> ”</span>—In claiming the Gothic therefore as a witness +for ὅς, you will (I trust) agree with me that a single <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">scarcely +legible copy</span></em> of a Version is not altogether satisfactory testimony:—while +certainly <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">magnus</span></em> est pietatis sacramentum, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">qui</span></em> manifestat<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">us</span></em> est in corpore”</span>—is not a rendering of 1 Tim. +iii. 16 which you are prepared to accept. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">h</span></span>) For the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Æthiopic</span></span>. Version,—Dr. Hoerning, (of the +British Museum,) has at my request consulted six copies of +1 Timothy, and informs me that they present no variety of +text. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The antecedent, as well as the relative, is masculine in +all.</span></em> The Æthiopic must therefore be considered to favour +the reading μυστήριον; ὅ ἐφανερώθη, and to represent the +same Greek text which underlies the Latin and the Peschito +Versions. The Æthiopic therefore is against you. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-q">“The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Armenian</span></span> Version,”</span> (writes Dr. Malan) <span class="tei tei-q">“from +the very nature of the language, is indeterminate. There is +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no grammatical distinction of genders</span></em> in Armenian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">j</span></span>) The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Arabic</span></span> Version, (so Dr. Ch. Rieu<a id="noteref_981" name="noteref_981" href="#note_981"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">981</span></span></a> informs me,) +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page454">[pg 454]</span><a name="Pg454" id="Pg454" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +exhibits,—<span class="tei tei-q">“In <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">truth the mystery of this justice is great. It is +that he</span></em>”</span> (or <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it</span></em>,”</span> for the Arabic has no distinction between +masculine and neuter) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested in the body, and was +justified in the spirit</span></em>”</span> &c.—This version therefore witnesses +for neither <span class="tei tei-q">“who,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“which,”</span> nor <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">k</span></span>) and (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">l</span></span>). There only remain the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Georgian</span></span> Version, +which is of the VIth century,—and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Slavonic</span></span>, which is +of the IXth. Now, both of these (Dr. Malan informs me) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unequivocally witness to</span></em> Θεός. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Thus far then for the testimony yielded by ancient +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> of S. Paul's Epistles. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">g</span></span>] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Review of the progress which has been hitherto made in +the present Enquiry.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Up to this point, you must admit that wondrous little +sanction has been obtained for the reading for which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> +contend, (viz. μυστήριον; ὅς ἐφανερώθη,) as the true reading +of 1 Tim. iii. 16. Undisturbed in your enjoyment of the +testimony borne by Cod. א, you cannot but feel that such +testimony is fully counterbalanced by the witness of Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>: +and further, that the conjoined evidence of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Harkleian</span></span>, +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Georgian</span></span>, and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Slavonic</span></span> Versions outweighs the +single evidence of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gothic</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But what is to be said about the consent of the manuscripts +of S. Paul's Epistles for reading Θεός in this place, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the proportion of</span></em> 125 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to</span></em> 1? You must surely see that, +(as I explained above at pp. <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref">445-6</a>,) such multitudinous testimony +is absolutely decisive of the question before us. At +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page455">[pg 455]</span><a name="Pg455" id="Pg455" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +p. 30 of your pamphlet, you announce it as a <span class="tei tei-q">“lesson of +primary importance, often reiterated but often forgotten, +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ponderari debere testes, non numerari</span></span>.”</span> You might have +added with advantage,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and oftenest of all, misunderstood</span></em>.”</span> +For are you not aware that, generally speaking, <span class="tei tei-q">“Number”</span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">constitutes</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Weight”</span>? If you have discovered some <span class="tei tei-q">“regia +via”</span> which renders the general consent of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>,—the +general consent of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>,—the general consent of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>, a consideration of secondary importance, why do +you not at once communicate the precious secret to mankind, +and thereby save us all a world of trouble? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You will perhaps propose to fall back on Hort's wild +theory of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian Text</span></em>,”</span>—executed by authority at Antioch +somewhere between <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350.<a id="noteref_982" name="noteref_982" href="#note_982"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">982</span></span></a> Be it so. Let +that fable be argued upon as if it were a fact. And what +follows? That <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at a period antecedent to the date of any existing +copy</span></em> of the Epistle before us, the Church in her corporate +capacity declared Θεός (not ὅς) to be the true reading of +1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Only one other head of Evidence (the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Patristic</span></span>) remains +to be explored; after which, we shall be able to sum up, +and to conclude the present Dissertation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[h] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Testimony of the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">concerning the true reading of</span></span> +1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tim.</span></span> iii. 16:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory of Nyssa</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Didymus</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodoret</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">John +Damascene</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Chrysostom</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory Naz.</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Severus +Of Antioch</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Diodorus of Tarsus</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It only remains to ascertain what the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span> have to +say on this subject. And when we turn our eyes in this direction, +we are encountered by a mass of evidence which effectually +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page456">[pg 456]</span><a name="Pg456" id="Pg456" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +closes this discussion. You contended just now as +eagerly for the Vth-century Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, as if its witness were +a point of vital importance to you. But I am prepared to +show that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory of Nyssa</span></span> (a full century before Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> +was produced), in at least 22 places, knew of no other reading +but Θεός.<a id="noteref_983" name="noteref_983" href="#note_983"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">983</span></span></a> Of his weighty testimony you appear to have +been wholly unaware in 1869, for you did not even mention +Gregory by name (see p. <a href="#Pg429" class="tei tei-ref">429</a>). Since however you now admit +that his evidence is unequivocally against you, I am willing +to hasten forward,—only supplying you (at foot) with the +means of verifying what I have stated above concerning +the testimony of this illustrious Father. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You are besides aware that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Didymus</span></span>,<a id="noteref_984" name="noteref_984" href="#note_984"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">984</span></span></a> another illustrious +witness, is against you; and that he delivers unquestionable +testimony. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You are also aware that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodoret</span></span>,<a id="noteref_985" name="noteref_985" href="#note_985"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">985</span></span></a> in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four</span></em> places, is +certainly to be reckoned on the same side: +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page457">[pg 457]</span><a name="Pg457" id="Pg457" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And further, that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">John Damascene</span></span><a id="noteref_986" name="noteref_986" href="#note_986"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">986</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twice</span></em> adds his +famous evidence to the rest,—and is also against you. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Chrysostom</span></span><a id="noteref_987" name="noteref_987" href="#note_987"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">987</span></span></a> again, whose testimony you called in question +in 1869, you now admit is another of your opponents. +I will not linger over his name therefore,—except to remark, +that how you can witness a gathering host of ancient Fathers +illustrious as these, without misgiving, passes my comprehension. +Chrysostom is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three</span></em> times a witness. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Next come two quotations from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory of Nazianzus</span></span>,—which +I observe you treat as <span class="tei tei-q">“inconclusive.”</span> I retain +them all the same.<a id="noteref_988" name="noteref_988" href="#note_988"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">988</span></span></a> You are reminded that this most +rhetorical of Fathers is seldom more precise in quoting +Scripture. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And to the same century which Gregory of Nazianzus +adorned, is probably to be referred,—(it cannot possibly be +later than <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, though it may be a vast deal more +ancient,)—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the title</span></span> bestowed, in the way of summary, on +that portion of S. Paul's first Epistle to Timothy which is +contained between chap. iii. 16 and chap. iv. 7,—viz., Περὶ +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page458">[pg 458]</span><a name="Pg458" id="Pg458" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +ΘΕΊΑΣ ΣΑΡΚώσεως. We commonly speak of this as the seventh +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Euthalian</span></span>”</span> κεφάλαια or chapters: but Euthalius himself +declares that those 18 titles were <span class="tei tei-q">“devised by a certain very +wise and pious Father;”</span><a id="noteref_989" name="noteref_989" href="#note_989"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">989</span></span></a> and this particular title (Περὶ θείας +σαρκώσεως) is freely employed and discussed in Gregory of +Nyssa's treatise against Apolinaris,<a id="noteref_990" name="noteref_990" href="#note_990"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">990</span></span></a>—which latter had, in +fact, made it part of the title of his own heretical treatise.<a id="noteref_991" name="noteref_991" href="#note_991"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">991</span></span></a> +That the present is a very weighty attestation of the reading, +ΘΕῸΣ ἐφανερώθη ἐν ΣΑΡΚΊ no one probably will deny: a +memorable proof moreover that Θεός<a id="noteref_992" name="noteref_992" href="#note_992"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">992</span></span></a> must have been universally +read in 1 Tim. iii. 16 throughout the century which +witnessed the production of codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Severus, bp. of Antioch</span></span>, you also consider a <span class="tei tei-q">“not unambiguous”</span> +witness. I venture to point out to you that when +a Father of the Church, who has been already insisting on +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> (καθ᾽ ὅ γὰρ ὑπῆρχε Θεός,) goes on to +speak of Him as τὸν ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθέντα Θεόν, there is +no <span class="tei tei-q">“ambiguity”</span> whatever about the fact that he is quoting +from 1 Tim. iii. 16.<a id="noteref_993" name="noteref_993" href="#note_993"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">993</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And why are we only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perhaps</span></em>”</span> to add the testimony of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Diodorus of Tarsus</span></span>; seeing that Diodorus adduces S. Paul's +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page459">[pg 459]</span><a name="Pg459" id="Pg459" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +actual words (Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί), and expressly says +that he finds them in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">S. Paul's Epistle to Timothy</span></span>?<a id="noteref_994" name="noteref_994" href="#note_994"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">994</span></span></a> How—may +I be permitted to ask—would you have a quotation +made plainer? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[i] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bp. Ellicott as a controversialist. The case of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthalius</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Forgive me, my lord Bishop, if I declare that the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">animus</span></span> +you display in conducting the present critical disquisition +not only astonishes, but even shocks me. You seem to say,—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Non +persuadebis, etiamsi persuaseris</span></span>. The plainest testimony +you reckon doubtful, if it goes against you: an unsatisfactory +quotation, if it makes for your side, you roundly declare to +be <span class="tei tei-q">“evidence”</span> which <span class="tei tei-q">“stands the test of examination.”</span><a id="noteref_995" name="noteref_995" href="#note_995"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">995</span></span></a>... +<span class="tei tei-q">“We have examined his references carefully”</span> (you say). +<span class="tei tei-q">“Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alexandria, Theodoret and +John Damascene (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who died</span></em> severally about 394, 396, 457 and +756<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seem</span></em> unquestionably to have read Θεός.”</span><a id="noteref_996" name="noteref_996" href="#note_996"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">996</span></span></a> Excuse +me for telling you that this is not the language of a candid +enquirer after Truth. Your grudging admission of the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unequivocal</span></em> +evidence borne by these four illustrious Fathers:—your +attempt to detract from the importance of their testimony +by screwing down their date <span class="tei tei-q">“to the sticking place:”</span>—your +assertion that the testimony of a fifth Father <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is not +unambiguous</span></em>:”</span>—your insinuation that the emphatic witness +of a sixth may <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perhaps</span></em>”</span> be inadmissible:—all this kind of +thing is not only quite unworthy of a Bishop when he turns +disputant, but effectually indisposes his opponent to receive +his argumentation with that respectful deference which else +would have been undoubtedly its due. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Need I remind you that men do not write their books when +they are <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">in articulo mortis</span></span>? Didymus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">died</span></em> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 394, to be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page460">[pg 460]</span><a name="Pg460" id="Pg460" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +sure: but he was then 85 years of age. He was therefore +born in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 309, and is said to have flourished in 347. How +old do you suppose were the sacred codices he had employed +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">till then</span></em>? See you not that such testimony as his to the Text +of Scripture must in fairness be held to belong to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the first +quarter of the IVth century</span></em>?—is more ancient in short (and +infinitely more important) than that of any written codex +with which we are acquainted? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Pressed by my <span class="tei tei-q">“cloud of witnesses,”</span> you seek to get rid of +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">them</span></em> by insulting <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em>. <span class="tei tei-q">“We pass over”</span> (you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">names +brought in to swell the number, such as Euthalius</span></em>,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for whom +no reference is given</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_997" name="noteref_997" href="#note_997"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">997</span></span></a> Do you then suspect me of the baseness,—nay, +do you mean seriously to impute it to me,—of +introducing <span class="tei tei-q">“names”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“to swell the number”</span> of witnesses on +my side? Do you mean further to insinuate that I prudently +gave no reference in the case of <span class="tei tei-q">“Euthalius,”</span> because I was +unable to specify any place where his testimony is found?... +I should really pause for an answer, but that a trifling circumstance +solicits me, which, if it does not entertain the +Bp. of Gloucester and Bristol, will certainly entertain every +one else who takes the trouble to read these pages. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Such as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Euthalius</span></span>”</span>! You had evidently forgotten when +you penned that offensive sentence, that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthalius</span></span> is one of +the few Fathers <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">adduced by yourself</span></em><a id="noteref_998" name="noteref_998" href="#note_998"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">998</span></span></a> (but for whom you +<span class="tei tei-q">“gave no reference,”</span>) in 1869,—when you were setting down +the Patristic evidence in favour of Θεός.... This little incident +is really in a high degree suggestive. Your practice +has evidently been to appropriate Patristic references<a id="noteref_999" name="noteref_999" href="#note_999"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">999</span></span></a> without +thought or verification,—prudently to abstain from dropping +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page461">[pg 461]</span><a name="Pg461" id="Pg461" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +a hint how you came by them,—but to use them like +dummies, for show. At the end of a few years, (naturally +enough,) you entirely forget the circumstance,—and proceed +vigorously to box the ears of the first unlucky Dean who +comes in your way, whom you suspect of having come by +his learning (such as it is) in the same slovenly manner. +Forgive me for declaring (while my ears are yet tingling) +that if you were even moderately acquainted with this department +of Sacred Science, you would see at a glance that my +Patristic references are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">never</span></em> obtained at second hand: for +the sufficient reason that elsewhere they are not to be met +with. But waiving this, you have made it <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">luce clarius</span></span> to all +the world that so late as the year 1882, to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“Euthalius”</span> +was nothing else but <span class="tei tei-q">“a name.”</span> And this really does astonish +me: for not only was he a famous Ecclesiastical personage, +(a Bishop like yourself,) but his work (the date of which is +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 458,) is one with which no Author of a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Critical</span></em> Commentary”</span> +on S. Paul's Epistles can afford to be unacquainted. +Pray read what Berriman has written concerning Euthalius +(pp. 217 to 222) in his admirable <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation on</span></span> 1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tim.</span></span> iii. +16.”</span> Turn also, if you please, to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bibliotheca</span></span> of Gallandius +(vol. x. 197-323), and you will recognize the plain fact +that the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> reason why, in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly Review,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“no +reference is given for Euthalius,”</span> is because the only reference +possible is—1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[j] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The testimony of the letter ascribed to</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dionysius Of +Alexandria</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Six other primitive witnesses to</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. +16, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">specified</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Then further, you absolutely take no notice of the remarkable +testimony which I adduced (p. 101) from a famous Epistle +purporting to have been addressed by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dionysius of Alexandria</span></span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 264) to Paul of Samosata. That the long and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page462">[pg 462]</span><a name="Pg462" id="Pg462" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +interesting composition in question<a id="noteref_1000" name="noteref_1000" href="#note_1000"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1000</span></span></a> was not actually the +work of the great Dionysius, is inferred—(whether rightly or +wrongly I am not concerned to enquire)—from the fact that +the Antiochian Fathers say expressly that Dionysius did not +deign to address Paul personally. But you are requested to +remember that the epistle must needs have been written by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">somebody</span></em>:<a id="noteref_1001" name="noteref_1001" href="#note_1001"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1001</span></span></a> that it may safely be referred to the IIIrd century; +and that it certainly witnesses to Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη,<a id="noteref_1002" name="noteref_1002" href="#note_1002"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1002</span></span></a>—which +is the only matter of any real importance to my argument. +Its testimony is, in fact, as express and emphatic as +words can make it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And here, let me call your attention to the circumstance +that there are at least <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">six other primitive witnesses</span></span>, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some</span></em> of whom must needs have recognized the reading for +which I am here contending, (viz. Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί,) +though not one of them quotes the place <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">in extenso</span></span>, nor indeed +refers to it in such a way as effectually to bar the door against +reasonable dispute. The present is in fact just the kind of +text which, from its undeniable grandeur,—its striking +rhythm,—and yet more its dogmatic importance,—was sure +to attract the attention of the earliest, no less than the latest +of the Fathers. Accordingly, the author of the Epistle <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad +Diognetum</span></span><a id="noteref_1003" name="noteref_1003" href="#note_1003"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1003</span></span></a> clearly refers to it early in the IInd century; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page463">[pg 463]</span><a name="Pg463" id="Pg463" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +though not in a way to be helpful to us in our present +enquiry. I cannot feel surprised at the circumstance. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The yet earlier references in the epistles of (1) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ignatius</span></span> +(three in number) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></em> helpful, and may not be overlooked. +They are as follows:—Θεοῦ ἀνθρωπίνως φανερουμένου:—ἐν +σαρκὶ γενόμενος Θεός—εἶς Θεός ἐστιν ὁ φανερώσας ἑαυτὸν διὰ +Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν αὐτοῦ Λόγος ἀΐδιος.<a id="noteref_1004" name="noteref_1004" href="#note_1004"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1004</span></span></a> +It is to be wished, no doubt, that these references had been a +little more full and explicit: but the very early Fathers are +ever observed to quote Scripture thus partially,—allusively,—elliptically. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Barnabas</span></span> has just such another allusive reference to +the words in dispute, which seems to show that he must have +read Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί: viz. Ἰησοῦς ... ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ +Θεοῦ τύπῳ καὶ ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθείς.<a id="noteref_1005" name="noteref_1005" href="#note_1005"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1005</span></span></a>—(3) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Hippolytus</span></span>, on two +occasions, even more unequivocally refers to this reading. +Once, while engaged in proving that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, he +says:—Οὗτος προελθὼν εἰς κόσμον Θεὸς ἐν σώματι ἐφανερώθη:<a id="noteref_1006" name="noteref_1006" href="#note_1006"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1006</span></span></a>—and +again, in a very similar passage which Theodoret +quotes from the same Father's lost work on the +Psalms:—Οὗτος ὁ προελθὼν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, Θεὸς καὶ ἄνθρωπος +ἐφανερώθη.<a id="noteref_1007" name="noteref_1007" href="#note_1007"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1007</span></span></a>—(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory Thaumaturgus</span></span>, (if it really be he,) +seems also to refer directly to this place when he says (in a +passage quoted by Photius<a id="noteref_1008" name="noteref_1008" href="#note_1008"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1008</span></span></a>),—καὶ ἔστι Θεὸς ἀληθινὸς ὁ ἄσαρκος +ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθείς.—Further, (5) in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Apostolical +Constitutions</span></span>, we meet with the expression,—Θεὸς Κύριος +ὁ ἐπιφανεὶς ἡμῖν εν σαρκί.<a id="noteref_1009" name="noteref_1009" href="#note_1009"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1009</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page464">[pg 464]</span><a name="Pg464" id="Pg464" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And when (6) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Basil the Great</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 377], writing to the +men of Sozopolis whose faith the Arians had assailed, remarks +that such teaching <span class="tei tei-q">“subverts the saving Dispensation of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus Christ</span></span>;”</span> and, blending Rom. xvi. 25, 26 with +<span class="tei tei-q">“the great mystery”</span> of 1 Tim. iii. 16,—(in order to afford +himself an opportunity of passing in review our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> +work for His Church in ancient days,)—viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“After all these, +at the end of the day, αὐτὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, γενόμενος ἐκ +γυναικός:”</span><a id="noteref_1010" name="noteref_1010" href="#note_1010"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1010</span></span></a>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> will deny that such an one probably found +neither ὅς nor ὅ, but Θεός, in the copy before him? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I have thought it due to the enquiry I have in hand to give +a distinct place to the foregoing evidence—such as it is—of +Ignatius, Barnabas, Hippolytus, Gregory Thaumaturgus, the +Apostolical Constitutions, and Basil. But I shall not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">build</span></em> +upon such foundations. Let me go on with what is indisputable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[k] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The testimony of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cyril of Alexandria</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Next, for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cyril of Alexandria</span></span>, whom you decline to +accept as a witness for Θεός. You are prepared, I trust, to +submit to the logic of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In a treatise addressed to the Empresses Arcadia and +Marina, Cyril is undertaking to prove that our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> is very +and eternal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1011" name="noteref_1011" href="#note_1011"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1011</span></span></a> His method is to establish several short +theses all tending to this one object, by citing from the +several books of the N. T., in turn, the principal texts which +make for his purpose. Presently, (viz. at page 117,) he +announces as his thesis,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Faith in</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">as</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>;”</span> +and when he comes to 1 Timothy, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he quotes</span></em> iii. 16 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at length</span></em>; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page465">[pg 465]</span><a name="Pg465" id="Pg465" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +reasons upon it, and points out that Θεὸς ἐν σαρκί is here +spoken of.<a id="noteref_1012" name="noteref_1012" href="#note_1012"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1012</span></span></a> There can be no doubt about this quotation, +which exhibits no essential variety of reading;—a quotation +which Euthymius Zigabenus reproduces in his <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Panoplia</span></span>,”</span>—and +which C. F. Matthæi has with painful accuracy edited +from that source.<a id="noteref_1013" name="noteref_1013" href="#note_1013"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1013</span></span></a>—Once more. In a newly recovered treatise +of Cyril, 1 Tim. iii. 16 is again <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quoted at length with</span></em> +Θεός,—followed by the remark that <span class="tei tei-q">“our Nature was justified, +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">manifested in Him</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1014" name="noteref_1014" href="#note_1014"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1014</span></span></a> I really see not how you +would have Cyril more distinctly recognize Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη +ἐν σαρκί as the reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16.<a id="noteref_1015" name="noteref_1015" href="#note_1015"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1015</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +You are requested to observe that in order to prevent cavil, I +forbear to build on two other famous places in Cyril's writings +where the evidence for reading Θεός is about balanced by a +corresponding amount of evidence which has been discovered +for reading ὅς. Not but what the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">context</span></em> renders it plain +that Θεός must have been Cyril's word on both occasions. +Of this let the reader himself be judge:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) In a treatise, addressed to the Empresses Eudocia and +Pulcheria, Cyril quotes 1 Tim. iii. 16 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in extenso</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1016" name="noteref_1016" href="#note_1016"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1016</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“If”</span> (he +begins)—<span class="tei tei-q">“the Word, being <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, could be said to inhabit +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page466">[pg 466]</span><a name="Pg466" id="Pg466" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Man's nature (ἐπανθρωπῆσαι) without yet ceasing to be <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, +but remained for ever what He was before,—then, great +indeed is the mystery of Godliness.”</span><a id="noteref_1017" name="noteref_1017" href="#note_1017"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1017</span></span></a> He proceeds in the +same strain at much length.<a id="noteref_1018" name="noteref_1018" href="#note_1018"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1018</span></span></a> Next (2) the same place of +Timothy is just as fully quoted in Cyril's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Explanatio xii. capitum</span></span>: +where not only the Thesis,<a id="noteref_1019" name="noteref_1019" href="#note_1019"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1019</span></span></a> but also the context constrains +belief that Cyril wrote Θεός:—<span class="tei tei-q">“What then means +<span class="tei tei-q">‘was manifested in the flesh’</span>? It means that the Word of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> was made flesh.... In this way therefore +we say that He was both <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> and Man.... Thus”</span> (Cyril concludes) +<span class="tei tei-q">“is He <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> of all.”</span><a id="noteref_1020" name="noteref_1020" href="#note_1020"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1020</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, as aforesaid, I do not propose to rest my case on either +of these passages; but on those two other places concerning +which there exists no variety of tradition as to the reading. +Whether the passages in which the reading is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">certain</span></em> ought +not to be held to determine the reading of the passages concerning +which the evidence is about evenly balanced;—whether +in doubtful cases, the requirements of the context should not +be allowed to turn the scale;—I forbear to enquire. I take +my stand on what is clear and undeniable. On the other +hand you are challenged to produce a single instance in Cyril +of μυστηριον; ὅς ἐφανερώθη, where the reading is not equally +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page467">[pg 467]</span><a name="Pg467" id="Pg467" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +balanced by μυστήριον Θεός. And (as already explained) of +course it makes nothing for ὅς that Cyril should sometimes +say that <span class="tei tei-q">“the mystery”</span> here spoken of is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> who <span class="tei tei-q">“was +manifested in the flesh,”</span> &c. A man with nothing else but +the A. V. of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus Receptus”</span> before him might equally +well say <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>. See above, pages <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref">427-8</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Not unaware am I of a certain brief Scholium<a id="noteref_1021" name="noteref_1021" href="#note_1021"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1021</span></span></a> which the +Critics freely allege in proof that Cyril wrote ὅς (not Θεός), +and which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as they quote it</span></em>, (viz. so mutilated as effectually to +conceal its meaning,) certainly seems to be express in its testimony. +But the thing is all a mistake. Rightly understood, +the Scholium in question renders no testimony at all;—as I +proceed to explain. The only wonder is that such critics as +Bentley,<a id="noteref_1022" name="noteref_1022" href="#note_1022"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1022</span></span></a> Wetstein,<a id="noteref_1023" name="noteref_1023" href="#note_1023"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1023</span></span></a> Birch,<a id="noteref_1024" name="noteref_1024" href="#note_1024"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1024</span></span></a> Tischendorf,<a id="noteref_1025" name="noteref_1025" href="#note_1025"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1025</span></span></a> or even Tregelles,<a id="noteref_1026" name="noteref_1026" href="#note_1026"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1026</span></span></a> +should not have seen this for themselves. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The author, (whether Photius, or some other,) is insisting +on our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> absolute exemption from sin, although for our +sakes He became very Man. In support of this, he quotes +Is. liii. 9, (or rather, 1 Pet. ii. 22)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who did no sin, neither +was guile found in His mouth</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“S. Cyril”</span> (he proceeds) <span class="tei tei-q">“in +the 12th ch. of his Scholia says,—<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Who was manifested in the +flesh, justified in the Spirit</span></em>;’</span> for He was in no way subject to +our infirmities,”</span> and so on. Now, every one must see at a glance +that it is entirely to misapprehend the matter to suppose +that it is any part of the Scholiast's object, in what precedes, +to invite attention to so irrelevant a circumstance as that +Cyril began his quotation of 1 Tim. iii. 16, with ὅς instead of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page468">[pg 468]</span><a name="Pg468" id="Pg468" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Θεός.<a id="noteref_1027" name="noteref_1027" href="#note_1027"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1027</span></span></a> As Waterland remarked to Berriman 150 years ago,<a id="noteref_1028" name="noteref_1028" href="#note_1028"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1028</span></span></a> +the Scholiast's one object was to show how Cyril interpreted +the expression <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">justified in the Spirit</span></em>.”</span> Altogether misleading +is it to quote <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only the first line</span></em>, beginning at ὅς and ending at +πνεύματι, as the Critics <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invariably</span></em> do. The point to which in +this way prominence is exclusively given, was clearly, to the +Commentator, a matter of no concern at all. He quotes from +Cyril's <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scholia de Incarnatione Unigeniti</span></span>,”</span><a id="noteref_1029" name="noteref_1029" href="#note_1029"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1029</span></span></a> in preference to any +other of Cyril's writings, for a vastly different reason.<a id="noteref_1030" name="noteref_1030" href="#note_1030"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1030</span></span></a> And +yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>—(viz. Cyril's supposed substitution of ὅς for Θεός)—is, +in the account of the Critics, the one thing which the +Scholiast was desirous of putting on record. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meanwhile, on referring to the place in Cyril, we +make an important discovery. The Greek of the Scholium +in question being lost, we depend for our knowledge of its +contents on the Latin translation of Marius Mercator, Cyril's +contemporary. And in that translation, no trace is discoverable +of either ὅς or ὅ.<a id="noteref_1031" name="noteref_1031" href="#note_1031"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1031</span></span></a> The quotation from Timothy begins +abruptly at ἐφανερώθη. The Latin is as follows:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Divinus +Paulus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">magnum quidem</span></em> ait <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">esse mysterium pietatis</span></em>. Et vere ita +se res habet: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">manifestatus est</span></em> enim <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in carne</span></em>, cum sit <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span> +Verbum.”</span><a id="noteref_1032" name="noteref_1032" href="#note_1032"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1032</span></span></a> The supposed hostile evidence from this quarter +proves therefore to be non-existent. I pass on. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page469">[pg 469]</span><a name="Pg469" id="Pg469" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[l] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The argument</span></span> e silentio <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">considered.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The argument <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">e silentio</span></span>,—(of all arguments the most +precarious,)—has not been neglected.—<span class="tei tei-q">“But we cannot +stop here,”</span> you say:<a id="noteref_1033" name="noteref_1033" href="#note_1033"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1033</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“Wetstein observed long ago +that Cyril does not produce this text when he does produce +Rom. ix. 5 in answer to the allegation which he +quotes from Julian that S. Paul never employed the word +Θεός of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>.”</span><a id="noteref_1034" name="noteref_1034" href="#note_1034"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1034</span></span></a> Well but, neither does Gregory of Nyssa +produce this text when he is writing a Treatise expressly to +prove the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>head of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> and of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Grave est</span></span>,”</span>—says Tischendorf.<a id="noteref_1035" name="noteref_1035" href="#note_1035"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1035</span></span></a> No, not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">grave</span></em>”</span> at all, I +answer: but whether <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">grave</span></em>”</span> or not, that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Gregory of Nyssa</span></em> +read Θεός in this place, is at least certain. As for Wetstein, +you have been reminded already, that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ubi de Divinitate</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christi</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">agitur, ibi profecto sui dissimilior deprehenditur</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1036" name="noteref_1036" href="#note_1036"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1036</span></span></a> +Examine the place in Cyril Alex. for yourself, reading +steadily on from p. 327 a to p. 333 b. Better still, read—paying +special attention to his Scriptural proofs—Cyril's two +Treatises <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De rectâ Fide</span></span>.”</span><a id="noteref_1037" name="noteref_1037" href="#note_1037"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1037</span></span></a> But in fact attend to the method +of Athanasius, of Basil, or of whomsoever else you will;<a id="noteref_1038" name="noteref_1038" href="#note_1038"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1038</span></span></a> +and you will speedily convince yourself that the argument +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">e silentio</span></span> is next to valueless on occasions like the present. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page470">[pg 470]</span><a name="Pg470" id="Pg470" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Certain of the Critics have jumped to the conclusion that the +other Cyril cannot have been acquainted with S. Mark xvi. 19 +(and therefore with the <span class="tei tei-q">“last Twelve Verses”</span> of his Gospel), +because when, in his Catechetical Lectures, he comes to the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Resurrection,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Ascension,”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Session at the Right Hand,”</span>—he +does not quote S. Mark xvi. 19. And yet,—(as it has +been elsewhere<a id="noteref_1039" name="noteref_1039" href="#note_1039"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1039</span></span></a> fully shown, and in fact the reason is assigned +by Cyril himself,)—this is only because, on the previous +day, being Sunday, Cyril of Jerusalem had enlarged upon the +Scriptural evidence for those august verities, (viz. S. Mark +xvi. 19,—S. Luke xxiv. 51,—Acts i. 9); and therefore was +unwilling to say over again before the same auditory what +he had so recently delivered. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But indeed,—(the remark is worth making in passing,)—many +of our modern Critics seem to forget that the heretics +with whom Athanasius, Basil, the Gregories, &c., were chiefly +in conflict, did not by any means deny the Godhead of our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>. Arians and Apolinarians alike admitted that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. This, in fact, has been pointed out already. Very +differently indeed would the ancient Fathers have expressed +themselves, could they have imagined the calamitous use +which, at the end of 1500 years, perverse wits would make of +their writings,—the astonishing inferences they would propose +to extract from their very silence. I may not go further +into the subject in this place. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[m] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The story about</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Macedonius</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">His testimony.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It follows to say a few words concerning <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Macedonius</span></span> II., +patriarch of Constantinople [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 496-511], of whom it has +been absurdly declared that he was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the inventor</span></em> of the reading +for which I contend. I pointed out on a former occasion +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page471">[pg 471]</span><a name="Pg471" id="Pg471" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +that it would follow from that very circumstance, (as far as it +is true,) that Macedonius <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is a witness for</span></em> Θεός—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perforce</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1040" name="noteref_1040" href="#note_1040"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1040</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Instead of either assenting to this, (which is surely a self-evident +proposition!),—or else disproving it,—you are at the +pains to furbish up afresh, as if it were a novelty, the stale +and stupid figment propagated by Liberatus of Carthage, +that Macedonius was expelled from his see by the Emperor +Anastasius for falsifying 1 Timothy iii. 16. This exploded +fable you preface by announcing it as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a remarkable fact</span></em>,”</span> +that <span class="tei tei-q">“it was the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">distinct belief of Latin writers</span></em> as early as the +VIth century that the reading of this passage had been +corrupted by the Greeks.”</span><a id="noteref_1041" name="noteref_1041" href="#note_1041"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1041</span></span></a> How you get your <span class="tei tei-q">“remarkable +fact,”</span> out of your premiss,—<span class="tei tei-q">“the distinct belief of Latin +writers,”</span> out of the indistinct rumour [<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">dicitur</span></span>”</span>] vouched for +by a single individual,—I see not. But let that pass. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The story shows”</span> (you proceed) <span class="tei tei-q">“that the Latins in the +sixth century believed ὅς to be the reading of the older Greek +manuscripts, and regarded Θεός as a false reading made out +of it.”</span> (p. 69.)—My lord Bishop, I venture to declare that +the story shows nothing of the sort. The Latins in the VIth +(and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every other</span></em>) century believed that—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> ὅς, but—ὅ, was +the right reading of the Greek in this place. Their belief on +this subject however has nothing whatever to do with the +story before us. Liberatus was not the spokesman of <span class="tei tei-q">“the +Latins of the VIth,”</span> (or any other bygone) <span class="tei tei-q">“century:”</span> but (as +Bp. Pearson points out) a singularly ill-informed Archdeacon +of Carthage; who, had he taken ever so little pains with the +subject, would have become aware that for no such reason as he +assigns was Macedonius [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 511] thrust out of his bishopric. +If, however, there were at least thus much of truth in the story,—namely, +that one of the charges brought against Macedonius +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page472">[pg 472]</span><a name="Pg472" id="Pg472" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +was his having corrupted Scripture, and notably his having +altered ὅς into Θεός in 1 Tim. iii. 16;—surely, the most +obvious of all inferences would be, that Θεός <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was found in copies +of S. Paul's epistles put forth at Constantinople by archiepiscopal +authority between</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 496 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 511. To say the least,—Macedonius, +by his writings or by his discourses, certainly +by his influence, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">must have shown himself favourable to</span></em> Θεός +(<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> ὅς) ἐφανερώθη. Else, with what show of reason could the +charge have been brought against him? <span class="tei tei-q">“I suppose”</span> (says +our learned Dr. John Mill) <span class="tei tei-q">“that the fable before us arose +out of the fact that Macedonius, on hearing that in several +MSS. of the Constantinopolitan Church the text of 1 Tim. iii. +16 (which witnesses expressly to the Godhead of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>) had +been depraved, was careful that those copies should be corrected +in conformity with the best exemplars.”</span><a id="noteref_1042" name="noteref_1042" href="#note_1042"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1042</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, in fact, I suspect you completely misunderstand the +whole matter. You speak of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the</span></em> story.”</span> But pray,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Which</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-q">“story”</span> do you mean? <span class="tei tei-q">“The story”</span> which Liberatus +told in the VIth century? or the ingenious gloss which +Hincmar, Abp. of Rheims, put upon it in the IXth? You +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">mention</span></em> the first,—you <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">reason from</span></em> the second. Either will +suit me equally well. But—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">una la volta, per carità!</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Hincmar, (whom the critics generally follow,) relates that +Macedonius turned ΟΣ into ΘΕΟΣ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>).<a id="noteref_1043" name="noteref_1043" href="#note_1043"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1043</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">If Macedonius +did, he preferred</span></em> Θεός <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to</span></em> ὅς.... But the story which Liberatus +promulgated is quite different.<a id="noteref_1044" name="noteref_1044" href="#note_1044"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1044</span></span></a> Let him be heard:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">At this time, Macedonius, bp. of CP., is said to have been +deposed by the emperor Anastasius on a charge of having +falsified the Gospels, and notably that saying of the Apostle, +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page473">[pg 473]</span><a name="Pg473" id="Pg473" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">Quia apparuit in carne, justificatus est in spiritu.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> He was +charged with having turned the Greek monosyllable ΟΣ (</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">qui</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">), by the change of a single letter (Ω for Ο) into ΩΣ: </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">ut esset Deus apparuit per carnem.</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, that this is a very lame story, all must see. In reciting +the passage in Latin, Liberatus himself exhibits neither <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui</span></span>,”</span> +nor <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod</span></span>,”</span> nor <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Deus</span></span>,”</span>—but <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">quia</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">apparuit in carne</span></span>.”</span> (The +translator of Origen, by the way, does the same thing.<a id="noteref_1045" name="noteref_1045" href="#note_1045"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1045</span></span></a>) +And yet, Liberatus straightway adds (as the effect of the +change) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ut esset Deus apparuit per carnem</span></span>:”</span> as if that were +possible, unless <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Deus</span></span>”</span> stood in the text already! Quite +plain in the meantime is it, that, according to Liberatus, +ὡς was the word which Macedonius introduced into 1 Tim. +iii. 16. And it is worth observing that the scribe who +rendered into Greek Pope Martin I.'s fifth Letter (written +on the occasion of the Lateran Council <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 649),—having +to translate the Pope's quotation from the Vulgate (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod +manifestatus est</span></span>,”</span>)—exhibits ὡς ἐφανερώθη in this place.<a id="noteref_1046" name="noteref_1046" href="#note_1046"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1046</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +High time it becomes that I should offer it as my opinion +that those Critics are right (Cornelius à Lapide [1614] and +Cotelerius [1681]) who, reasoning from what Liberatus +actually says, shrewdly infer that there must have existed +codices in the time of Macedonius which exhibited ΟΣ ΘΕΟΣ +in this place; and that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> must be the reading to which +Liberatus refers.<a id="noteref_1047" name="noteref_1047" href="#note_1047"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1047</span></span></a> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Such codices exist still.</span></em> One, is preserved +in the library of the Basilian monks at Crypta Ferrata, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page474">[pg 474]</span><a name="Pg474" id="Pg474" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +already spoken of at pp. <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref">446-8</a>: another, is at Paris. I call +them respectively <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 83”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 282.”</span><a id="noteref_1048" name="noteref_1048" href="#note_1048"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1048</span></span></a> This is new. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Enough of all this however. Too much in fact. I must +hasten on. The entire fable, by whomsoever fabricated, has +been treated with well-merited contempt by a succession of +learned men ever since the days of Bp. Pearson.<a id="noteref_1049" name="noteref_1049" href="#note_1049"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1049</span></span></a> And although +during the last century several writers of the unbelieving +school (chiefly Socinians<a id="noteref_1050" name="noteref_1050" href="#note_1050"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1050</span></span></a>) revived and embellished the silly +story, in order if possible to get rid of a text which witnesses +inconveniently to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Godhead</span></span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>, one would have +hoped that, in these enlightened days, a Christian Bishop of +the same Church which the learned, pious, and judicious John +Berriman adorned a century and a-half ago, would have been +ashamed to rekindle the ancient strife and to swell the Socinian +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page475">[pg 475]</span><a name="Pg475" id="Pg475" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +chorus. I shall be satisfied if I have at least convinced +you that Macedonius is a witness for Θεός in 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[n] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The testimony of an</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Anonymous</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">writer</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 430),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Epiphanius</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 787),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodorus Studita</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +795?),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scholia</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Œcumenius</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theophylact</span></span>,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">of</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthymius</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The evidence of an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Anonymous</span></span> Author who has been mistaken +for Athanasius,—you pass by in silence. That this +writer lived in the days when the Nestorian Controversy was +raging,—namely, in the first half of the Vth century,—is at +all events evident. He is therefore at least as ancient a +witness for the text of Scripture as codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> itself: and Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη is clearly what he found written in this place.<a id="noteref_1051" name="noteref_1051" href="#note_1051"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1051</span></span></a> +Why do you make such a fuss about Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, and yet ignore +this contemporary witness? We do not know <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who wrote</span></em> the +Epistle in question,—true. Neither do we know who wrote +Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. What <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em>? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Another eminent witness for Θεός, whom also you do not +condescend to notice, is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Epiphanius, deacon of Catana</span></span> in +Sicily,—who represented Thomas, Abp. of Sardinia, at the +2nd Nicene Council, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 787. A long discourse of this +Ecclesiastic may be seen in the Acts of the Council, translated +into Latin,—which makes his testimony so striking. +But in fact his words are express,<a id="noteref_1052" name="noteref_1052" href="#note_1052"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1052</span></span></a> and the more valuable +because they come from a region of Western Christendom +from which textual utterances are rare. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A far more conspicuous writer of nearly the same date, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodorus Studita</span></span> of CP, [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 759-826,] is also a witness +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page476">[pg 476]</span><a name="Pg476" id="Pg476" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +for Θεός.<a id="noteref_1053" name="noteref_1053" href="#note_1053"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1053</span></span></a> How does it happen, my lord Bishop, that you +contend so eagerly for the testimony of codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>, +which are but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> IXth-century witness after all,—and yet +entirely disregard living utterances like these, of known +men,—who belonged to known places,—and wrote at a +known time? Is it because they witness unequivocally +against you? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Several ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scholiasts</span></span>, expressing themselves diversely, +deserve enumeration here, who are all witnesses for +Θεός exclusively.<a id="noteref_1054" name="noteref_1054" href="#note_1054"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1054</span></span></a> Lastly,— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Œcumenius</span></span><a id="noteref_1055" name="noteref_1055" href="#note_1055"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1055</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 990),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theophylact</span></span><a id="noteref_1056" name="noteref_1056" href="#note_1056"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1056</span></span></a> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1077),—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthymius</span></span><a id="noteref_1057" name="noteref_1057" href="#note_1057"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1057</span></span></a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1116),—close this enumeration. They +are all three clear witnesses for reading not ὅς but Θεός. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[o] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The testimony of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ecclesiastical Tradition</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Nothing has been hitherto said concerning the Ecclesiastical +usage with respect to this place of Scripture. 1 Tim. +iii. 16 occurs in a lection consisting of nine verses (1 Tim. +iii. 13-iv. 5), which used to be publicly read in almost all +the Churches of Eastern Christendom on the Saturday before +Epiphany.<a id="noteref_1058" name="noteref_1058" href="#note_1058"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1058</span></span></a> It was also read, in not a few Churches, on the +34th Saturday of the year.<a id="noteref_1059" name="noteref_1059" href="#note_1059"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1059</span></span></a> Unfortunately, the book which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page477">[pg 477]</span><a name="Pg477" id="Pg477" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +contains lections from S. Paul's Epistles, (<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>”</span> it is +technically called,) is of comparatively rare occurrence,—is +often found in a mutilated condition,—and (for this and +other reasons) is, as often as not, without this particular +lesson.<a id="noteref_1060" name="noteref_1060" href="#note_1060"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1060</span></span></a> Thus, an analysis of 90 copies of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolus”</span> +(No. 1 to 90), is attended by the following result:—10 are +found to have been set down in error;<a id="noteref_1061" name="noteref_1061" href="#note_1061"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1061</span></span></a> while 41 are +declared—(sometimes, I fear, through the unskilfulness of +those who profess to have examined them),—not to contain +1 Tim. iii. 16.<a id="noteref_1062" name="noteref_1062" href="#note_1062"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1062</span></span></a> Of 7, I have not been able to obtain tidings.<a id="noteref_1063" name="noteref_1063" href="#note_1063"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1063</span></span></a> +Thus, there are but 32 copies of the book called <span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolus”</span> +available for our present purpose. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But of these thirty-two, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twenty-seven</span></em> exhibit Θεός.<a id="noteref_1064" name="noteref_1064" href="#note_1064"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1064</span></span></a> You +will be interested to hear that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> rejoices in the unique +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page478">[pg 478]</span><a name="Pg478" id="Pg478" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +reading Θεοῦ:<a id="noteref_1065" name="noteref_1065" href="#note_1065"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1065</span></span></a> while another Copy of the 'Apostolus' keeps +<span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 282”</span> in countenance by reading ὅς Θεός.<a id="noteref_1066" name="noteref_1066" href="#note_1066"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1066</span></span></a> In other +words, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> is found in 29 copies out of 32: while <span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span> +(ὅς) is observed to survive in only 3,—and they, Western +documents of suspicious character. Two of these were produced +in one and the same Calabrian monastery; and they +still stand, side by side, in the library of Crypta Ferrata:<a id="noteref_1067" name="noteref_1067" href="#note_1067"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1067</span></span></a> +being exclusively in sympathy with the very suspicious +Western document at Paris, already described at page <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref">446</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ecclesiastical Tradition</span></span> is therefore clearly against <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, +in respect of the reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16. How <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> estimate +this head of Evidence, I know not. For my own part, +I hold it to be of superlative importance. It transports us +back, at once, to the primitive age; and is found to be +infinitely better deserving of attention than the witness of +any extant uncial documents which can be produced. And +why? For the plain reason that it must needs have been +once attested by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an indefinitely large number of codices more +ancient by far than any which we now possess</span></em>. In fact, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ecclesiastical Tradition</span></span>, when superadded to the testimony +of Manuscripts and Fathers, becomes an overwhelming +consideration. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now we may at last proceed to sum up. Let me +gather out the result of the foregoing fifty pages; and remind +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page479">[pg 479]</span><a name="Pg479" id="Pg479" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +the reader briefly of the amount of external testimony producible +in support of each of these rival readings:—ὅ,—ὅς—Θεός. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[I.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sum of the Evidence of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in +favour of reading</span></span> μυστήριον; ὅ ἐφανερώθη <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(α) The reading μυστήριον; ὅ ἐφανερώθη,—(which Wetstein +strove hard to bring into favour, and which was highly +popular with the Socinian party down to the third quarter of +the last century,)—enjoys, as we have seen, (pp. <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref">448-53</a>,) +the weighty attestation of the Latin and of the Peschito,—of +the Coptic, of the Sahidic, and of the Æthiopic Versions. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +No one may presume to speak slightingly of such evidence +as this. It is the oldest which can be produced for the +truth of anything in the inspired Text of the New Testament; +and it comes from the East as well as from the West. +Yet is it, in and by itself, clearly inadequate. Two characteristics +of Truth are wanting to it,—two credentials,—unfurnished +with which, it cannot be so much as seriously +entertained. It demands <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Variety</span></em> as well as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Largeness of +attestation</span></em>. It should be able to exhibit in support of its +claims the additional witness of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>. But, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(β) On the contrary, ὅ is found besides in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one Greek +Manuscript</span></em>,—viz. the VIth-century codex Claromontanus, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">D.</span></span> +And further, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(γ) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Two ancient writers</span></em> alone bear witness to this reading, +viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gelasius of Cyzicus</span></span>,<a id="noteref_1068" name="noteref_1068" href="#note_1068"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1068</span></span></a> whose date is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 476;<a id="noteref_1069" name="noteref_1069" href="#note_1069"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1069</span></span></a> and the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Unknown Author</span></span> of a homily of uncertain date in the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page480">[pg 480]</span><a name="Pg480" id="Pg480" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Appendix to Chrysostom<a id="noteref_1070" name="noteref_1070" href="#note_1070"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1070</span></span></a>.... It is scarcely intelligible +how, on such evidence, the Critics of the last century can +have persuaded themselves (with Grotius) that μυστήριον; ὅ +ἐφανερώθη is the true reading of 1 Timothy iii. 16. And yet, +in order to maintain this thesis, Sir Isaac Newton descended +from the starry sphere and tried his hand at Textual Criticism. +Wetstein (1752) freely transferred the astronomer's +labours to his own pages, and thus gave renewed currency to +an opinion which the labours of the learned Berriman (1741) +had already <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">demonstrated</span></em> to be untenable. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Whether <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodore of Mopsuestia</span></span> (in his work <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">de Incarnatione</span></span>”</span>) +wrote ὅς or ὅ, must remain uncertain till a sight has +been obtained of his Greek together with its context. I find +that he quotes 1 Tim iii. 16 at least three times:—Of the +first place, there is only a Latin translation, which begins +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Quod</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">justificat</span></em><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">us</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">est in spiritu</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1071" name="noteref_1071" href="#note_1071"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1071</span></span></a> The second place +comes to us in Latin, Greek, and Syriac: but unsatisfactorily +in all three:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) The Latin version introduces the +quotation thus,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Consonantia et Apostolus dicit, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Et manifeste +magnum est pietatis mysterium</span></em>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">qui</span></span><a id="noteref_1072" name="noteref_1072" href="#note_1072"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1072</span></span></a> (or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">quod</span></span><a id="noteref_1073" name="noteref_1073" href="#note_1073"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1073</span></span></a>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">manifestat</span></em><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">us</span></span> +(or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">tum</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">est in carne, justificat</span></em><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">us</span></span> (or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">tum</span></span>) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">est +in spiritu</span></em>:”</span>—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) The Greek, (for which we are indebted +to Leontius Byzantinus, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 610,) reads,—Ὅς ἐφανερώθη +ἐν σαρκί, ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι<a id="noteref_1074" name="noteref_1074" href="#note_1074"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1074</span></span></a>—divested of all +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page481">[pg 481]</span><a name="Pg481" id="Pg481" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +preface.<a id="noteref_1075" name="noteref_1075" href="#note_1075"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1075</span></span></a> Those seven words, thus isolated from their context, +are accordingly printed by Migne as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a heading</span></em> only:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) +The Syriac translation unmistakably reads, <span class="tei tei-q">“Et Apostolus +dixit, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Vere sublime est hoc mysterium</span></em>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">quod</span></span>,”</span>—omitting +τῆς εὐσεβείας.<a id="noteref_1076" name="noteref_1076" href="#note_1076"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1076</span></span></a> The third quotation, which is found +only in Syriac,<a id="noteref_1077" name="noteref_1077" href="#note_1077"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1077</span></span></a> begins,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">For truly great is the-mystery of-the-fear-of</span></em> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who was manifested in-the-flesh and-was-justified +in-the-spirit</span></em>.”</span> This differs from the received text of +the Peschito by substituting a different word for εὐσέβεια, +and by employing the emphatic state <span class="tei tei-q">“the-flesh,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“the-spirit”</span> +where the Peschito has the absolute state <span class="tei tei-q">“flesh,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“spirit.”</span> +The two later clauses agree with the Harkleian or Philoxenian.<a id="noteref_1078" name="noteref_1078" href="#note_1078"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1078</span></span></a>—I +find it difficult from all this to know what precisely +to do with Theodore's evidence. It has a truly +oracular ambiguity; wavering between ὅ—ὅς—and even +Θεός. You, I observe, (who are only acquainted with the +second of the three places above cited, and but imperfectly +with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>,) do not hesitate to cut the knot by simply +claiming the heretic's authority for the reading you advocate,—viz. +ὅς. I have thought it due to my readers to tell +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page482">[pg 482]</span><a name="Pg482" id="Pg482" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +them all that is known about the evidence furnished by +Theodore of Mopsuestia. At all events, the utmost which +can be advanced in favour of reading μυστήριον; ὅ in 1 +Timothy iii. 16, has now been freely stated. I am therefore +at liberty to pass on to the next opinion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[II.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sum of the Evidence of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in +favour of reading</span></span> μυστήριον; ὅς ἐφανερώθη <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></span> 1 Timothy +iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Remarkable it is how completely Griesbach succeeded in +diverting the current of opinion with respect to the place before +us, into a new channel. At first indeed (viz. in 1777) he +retained Θεός in his Text, timidly printing ὅς in small type +above it; and remarking,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Judicium de hâc lectionis varietate +lectoribus liberum relinquere placuit</span></span>.”</span> But, at the end of +thirty years (viz. in 1806), waxing bolder, Griesbach substituted +ὅς for Θεός,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ut ipsi</span></span>”</span> (as he says) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">nobis constaremus</span></span>.”</span> +Lachmann, Tischendorf, Tregelles, Westcott and Hort, and +the Revisers, under your guidance, have followed him: +which is to me unaccountable,—seeing that even less authority +is producible for ὅς, than for ὅ, in this place. But let +the evidence for μυστήριον; ὅς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί be briefly +recapitulated:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(α) It consists of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a single uncial copy</span></em>, viz. the corrupt cod. +א,—(for, as was fully explained above,<a id="noteref_1079" name="noteref_1079" href="#note_1079"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1079</span></span></a> codd. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f-g</span></span> yield +uncertain testimony): and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perhaps two cursive copies</span></em>, viz. +Paul 17, (the notorious <span class="tei tei-q">“33”</span> of the Gospels,)—and a copy +at Upsala (No. 73), which is held to require further verification.<a id="noteref_1080" name="noteref_1080" href="#note_1080"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1080</span></span></a> +To these, are to be added three other liturgical witnesses +in the cursive character—being Western copies of the +book called <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>,”</span> which have only recently come to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page483">[pg 483]</span><a name="Pg483" id="Pg483" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +light. Two of the codices in question are of Calabrian +origin.<a id="noteref_1081" name="noteref_1081" href="#note_1081"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1081</span></span></a> A few words more on this subject will be found +above, at pages <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref">477</a> and <a href="#Pg478" class="tei tei-ref">478</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(β) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The only Version</span></em> which certainly witnesses in favour +of ὅς, is the Gothic: which, (as explained at pp. <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref">452-3</a>) exhibits +a hopelessly obscure construction, and rests on the +evidence of a single copy in the Ambrosian library. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(γ) Of Patristic testimonies (to μυστήριον; ὅς ἐφανερώθη) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there exists not one</span></em>. That <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Epiphanius</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 360] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">professing +to transcribe</span></em> from an early treatise of his own, in which +ἐφανερώθη stands <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without a nominative</span></em>, should prefix ὅς—proves +nothing, as I have fully explained elsewhere.<a id="noteref_1082" name="noteref_1082" href="#note_1082"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1082</span></span></a>—The +equivocal testimony rendered by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodore of Mopsuestia</span></span> +[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 390] is already before the reader.<a id="noteref_1083" name="noteref_1083" href="#note_1083"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1083</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And this exhausts the evidence for a reading which came +in,—and (I venture to predict) will go out,—with the +present century. My only wonder is, how an exhibition of +1 Tim. iii. 16 so feebly attested,—so almost <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without</span></em> attestation,—can +have come to be seriously entertained by any. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Si,”</span>—(as Griesbach remarks concerning 1 John v. 7)—<span class="tei tei-q">“si +tam pauci ... testes ... sufficerent ad demonstrandam +lectionis cujusdam γνησιότητα, licet obstent tam multa +tamque gravia et testimonia et argumenta; <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nullum prorsus +superesset in re criticâ veri falsique criterium</span></em>, et <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">textus Novi +Testamenti universus plane incertus esset atque dubius</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1084" name="noteref_1084" href="#note_1084"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1084</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Yet <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> is the Reading which you, my lord Bishop, not +only stiffly maintain, but which you insist is no longer so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page484">[pg 484]</span><a name="Pg484" id="Pg484" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +much as <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">open to reconsideration</span></em>.”</span> You are, it seems, for +introducing the <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">clôture</span></span> into Textual debate. But in fact you +are for inflicting pains and penalties as well, on those who +have the misfortune to differ in opinion from yourself. You +discharge all the vials of the united sees of Gloucester and +Bristol on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em> for my presumption in daring to challenge the +verdict of <span class="tei tei-q">“the Textual Criticism of the last fifty years,”</span>—of +the Revisers,—and of yourself;—my folly, in venturing to +believe that the traditional reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16, (which +you admit is at least 1530 years old,) is the right reading +after all. You hold me up to public indignation. <span class="tei tei-q">“He has +made”</span> (you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“an elaborate effort to shake conclusions +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">about which no professed Scholar has any doubt whatever</span></em>; but +which an ordinary reader (and to such we address ourselves) +might regard as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">still open to reconsideration</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“Moreover”</span> +(you proceed) <span class="tei tei-q">“this case is of great importance as an +example. It illustrates in a striking manner the complete +isolation of the Reviewer's position. If he is right, all other +Critics are wrong.”</span><a id="noteref_1085" name="noteref_1085" href="#note_1085"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1085</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Will you permit me, my lord Bishop, as an ordinary +writer, addressing (like yourself) <span class="tei tei-q">“ordinary readers,”</span>—respectfully +to point out that you entirely mistake the problem +in hand? The Greek Text of the N. T. is not to be +settled by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Modern Opinion</span></span>, but by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ancient Authority</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1086" name="noteref_1086" href="#note_1086"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1086</span></span></a> +In this department of enquiry therefore, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">complete isolation</span></em>”</span> +is his, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his only</span></em>, who is forsaken by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>. The man who is able, on the contrary, to point to +an overwhelming company of Ancient Witnesses, and is +contented modestly to take up his station at their feet,—such +an one can afford to disregard <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The Textual Criticism +of the last fifty years</span></em>,”</span> if it presumes to contradict <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> plain +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page485">[pg 485]</span><a name="Pg485" id="Pg485" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +decrees; can even afford to smile at the confidence of <span class="tei tei-q">“professed +Scholars”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Critics,”</span> if they are so ill advised as +to set themselves in battle array against that host of ancient +men. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To say therefore of such an one, (as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> now say of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></em>,) +<span class="tei tei-q">“If he is right, all other Critics are wrong,”</span>—is to present +an irrelevant issue, and to perplex a plain question. The +business of Textual Criticism (as you state at page 28 of your +pamphlet) is nothing else but to ascertain <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the consentient +testimony of the most ancient Authorities</span></em>.”</span> The office of the +Textual Critic is none other but to interpret rightly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the +solemn verdict of Antiquity</span></em>. Do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> then interpret that verdict +rightly,—or do I not? The whole question resolves itself +into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em>! If I do <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>,—pray show me wherein I have mistaken +the facts of the case. But if I <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do</span></em>,—why do you not +come over instantly to my side? <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Since</span></em> he is right,”</span> (I +shall expect to hear you say,) <span class="tei tei-q">“it stands to reason that the +<span class="tei tei-q">‘professed Critics’</span> whom he has been combating,—myself +among the number,—must be wrong.”</span>... I am, you see, +loyally accepting the logical issue you have yourself raised. +I do but seek to reconcile your dilemma with the actual +facts of the problem. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And now, will you listen while I state the grounds on +which I am convinced that your substitution of ὅς for Θεός +in 1 Tim. iii. 16 is nothing else but a calamitous perversion +of the Truth? May I be allowed at least to exhibit, in the +same summary way as before, the evidence for reading in +this place neither ὅ nor ὅς,—but Θεός? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[III.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sum of the Evidence of</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in +favour of reading</span></span> Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></span> 1 Tim. iii 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Entirely different,—in respect of variety, of quantity and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page486">[pg 486]</span><a name="Pg486" id="Pg486" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of quality,—from what has gone before, is the witness of +Antiquity to the Received Text of 1 Timothy iii. 16: viz. καὶ +ὁμολογουμένως μέγα ἐστὶ τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον; ΘΕῸΣ +ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, κ.τ.λ.... I proceed to rehearse it in +outline, having already dwelt in detail upon so much of it +as has been made the subject of controversy.<a id="noteref_1087" name="noteref_1087" href="#note_1087"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1087</span></span></a> The reader is +fully aware<a id="noteref_1088" name="noteref_1088" href="#note_1088"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1088</span></span></a> that I do not propose to make argumentative +use of the first six names in the ensuing enumeration. To +those names, [enclosed within square brackets,] I forbear +even to assign numbers; not as entertaining doubt concerning +the testimony they furnish, but as resolved to build +exclusively on facts which are incontrovertible. Yet is it +but reasonable that the whole of the Evidence for Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη should be placed before the reader: and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he</span></em> is in +my judgment a wondrous unfair disputant who can attentively +survey the evidence which I thus forego, without +secretly acknowledging that its combined Weight is considerable; +while its Antiquity makes it a serious question +whether it is not simply contrary to reason that it should +be dispensed with in an enquiry like the present. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) In the Ist century then,—it has been already shown +(at page <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref">463</a>) that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ignatius</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 90) probably recognized +the reading before us in three places.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) The brief but significant testimony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Barnabas</span></span> will +be found in the same page.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) In the IInd century,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Hippolytus</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190] (as was +explained at page <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref">463</a>,) twice comes forward as a witness on +the same side.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) In the IIIrd century,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory Thaumaturgus</span></span>, (if +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page487">[pg 487]</span><a name="Pg487" id="Pg487" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +it be indeed he) has been already shown (at page <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref">463</a>) probably +to testify to the reading Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>) To the same century is referred the work entitled +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Constitutiones Apostolicæ</span></span>: which seems also to witness to +the same reading. See above, p. <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref">463</a>.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Basil the Great</span></span> also [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 355], as will be found +explained at page <a href="#Pg464" class="tei tei-ref">464</a>, must be held to witness to Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη in 1 Tim. iii. 16: though his testimony, like that +of the five names which go before, being open to cavil, is not +here insisted on.]—And now to get upon <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">terra firma</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) To the IIIrd century then [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 264?], belongs the +Epistle ascribed to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dionysius of Alexandria</span></span>, (spoken of +above, at pages <a href="#Pg461" class="tei tei-ref">461-2</a>,) in which 1 Tim. iii. 16 is distinctly +quoted in the same way. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) In the next, (the IVth) century, unequivocal Patristic +witnesses to Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη abound. Foremost is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Didymus</span></span>, +who presided over the Catechetical School of Alexandria,—the +teacher of Jerome and Rufinus. Born <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 309, and +becoming early famous, he clearly witnesses to what was the +reading of the first quarter of the IVth century. His testimony +has been set forth at page <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref">456</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory, Bishop of Nazianzus</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 355], a contemporary +of Basil, in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em> places is found to bear similar +witness. See above page <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref">457</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Diodorus</span></span>, (or <span class="tei tei-q">“Theodorus”</span> as Photius writes his +name,) the teacher of Chrysostom,—first of Antioch, afterwards +the heretical <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">bishop of Tarsus</span></span> in Cilicia,—is next to +be cited [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 370]. His testimony is given above at pages +<a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref">458-9</a>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page488">[pg 488]</span><a name="Pg488" id="Pg488" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) The next is perhaps our most illustrious witness,—viz. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gregory, bishop of Nyssa</span></span> in Cappadocia [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 370]. References +to at least <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twenty-two</span></em> places of his writings have +been already given at page <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref">456</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) Scarcely less important than the last-named Father, +is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Chrysostom</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 380], first of Antioch,—afterwards +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Patriarch of Constantinople</span></span>,—who in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three</span></em> places witnesses +plainly to Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη. See above, page <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref">457</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) And to this century, (not later certainly than the last +half of it,) is to be referred the title of that κεφάλαιον, or +chapter, of St. Paul's First Epistle to Timothy which contains +chap. iii. 16,—(indeed, which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">begins</span></em> with it,) viz. Περὶ +θείας σαρκώσεως. Very eloquently does that title witness to +the fact that Θεός was the established reading of the place +under discussion, before either cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> or cod. א was produced. +See above, pages <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref">457-8</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(8) In the Vth century,—besides the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Codex Alexandrinus</span></span> +(cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>,) concerning which so much has been said +already (page <a href="#Pg431" class="tei tei-ref">431</a> to page 437),—we are able to appeal for +the reading Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη, to, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(9) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cyril, Archbishop of Alexandria</span></span>, [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 410,] who in +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at least two</span></em> places witnesses to it unequivocally. See above, +pp. <a href="#Pg464" class="tei tei-ref">464</a> to 470. So does, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(10) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrus</span></span> in Syria, [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 420]: +who, in at least <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four</span></em> places, (see above, page <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref">456</a>) renders +unequivocal and important witness on the same side. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(11) Next, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Anonymous Author</span></span> claims notice [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +430], whose composition is found in the Appendix to the +works of Athanasius. See above, page <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref">475</a>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page489">[pg 489]</span><a name="Pg489" id="Pg489" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(12) You will be anxious to see your friend <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthalius, +bishop of Sulca</span></span>, duly recognized in this enumeration. He +comes next. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 458.] The discussion concerning him will +be found above, at page <a href="#Pg459" class="tei tei-ref">459</a> to page 461. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(13) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Macedonius II, Patriarch of CP.</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 496] must of +necessity be mentioned here, as I have very fully explained +at page <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref">470</a> to page 474. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(14) To the VIth century belongs the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Georgian</span></span> Version, +as already noted at page <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref">454</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(15) And hither is to be referred the testimony of +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Severus, bishop of Antioch</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 512], which has been +already particularly set down at page <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref">458</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(16) To the VIIth century [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 616] belongs the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Harkleian</span></span> +(or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Philoxenian</span></span>) Version; concerning which, see above, +page <a href="#Pg450" class="tei tei-ref">450</a>. <span class="tei tei-q">“That Θεός was the reading of the manuscripts +from which this Version was made, is put beyond reach of doubt +by the fact that in twelve of the other places where εὐσέβεια +occurs,<a id="noteref_1089" name="noteref_1089" href="#note_1089"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1089</span></span></a> the words ܩܦܝܕܘܐ ܕܗܬܐ (or ܐܬܗܕ ܐܘܕܝܦܩ) +(<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">beauty-of-fear</span></em>’</span>) are +found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">without</span></em> the addition of ܐܠܚܐ (or ܐܚܠܐ) +(<span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>’</span>). It is noteworthy, +that on the thirteenth occasion (1 Tim. ii. 2), where the +Peschito reads <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fear of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>,’</span> the Harkleian reads <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fear</span></em>’</span> +only. On the other hand, the Harkleian margin of Acts +iii. 12 expressly states that εὐσέβια is the Greek equivalent +of ܩܦܝܕܘܐ ܕܗܬܐ (or ܐܬܗܕ ܐܘܕܝܦܩ) +(<span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">beauty-of-fear</span></em>’</span>). This effectually establishes +the fact that the author of the Harkleian recension +found Θεός in his Greek manuscript of 1 Tim. iii. 16.”</span><a id="noteref_1090" name="noteref_1090" href="#note_1090"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1090</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page490">[pg 490]</span><a name="Pg490" id="Pg490" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(17) In the VIIIth century, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">John Damascene</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 730] +pre-eminently claims attention. He is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twice</span></em> a witness for +Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη, as was explained at page <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref">457</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(18) Next to be mentioned is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Epiphanius, deacon Of +Catana</span></span>; whose memorable testimony at the 2nd Nicene +Council [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 787] has been set down above, at page <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref">475</a>. +And then, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(19) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theodorus Studita</span></span> of CP. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 790],—concerning +whom, see above, at pages <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref">475-6</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(20), (21) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> (22). To the IXth century belong the +three remaining uncial codices, which alike witness to Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί:—viz. the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cod. Mosquensis</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">k</span></span>); the +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cod. Angelicus</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>); and the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Cod. Porphyrianus</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">p</span></span>). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(23) The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Slavonic Version</span></span> belongs to the same century, +and exhibits the same reading. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(24) Hither also may be referred several ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scholia</span></span> +which all witness to Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, as I explained +at page <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref">476</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(25) To the Xth century belongs <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Œcumenius</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 990], +who is also a witness on the same side. See page <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref">476</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(26) To the XIth century, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Theophylact</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1077], who +bears express testimony to the same reading. See page <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref">476</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(27) To the XIIth century, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Euthymius</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1116], who +closes the list with his approving verdict. See page <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref">476</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And thus we reach a period when there awaits us a mass +of testimony which transports us back (<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">per saltum</span></span>) to the +Church's palmiest days; testimony, which rightly understood, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page491">[pg 491]</span><a name="Pg491" id="Pg491" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +is absolutely decisive of the point now under discussion. +I allude to the testimony of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">every known copy of +S. Paul's Epistles</span></span> except the three, or four, already specified, +viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> of S. Paul; א, 17, and perhaps 73. A few words on +this last head of Evidence may not be without the grace of +novelty even to yourself. They are supplementary to what +has already been offered on the same subject from page <a href="#Pg443" class="tei tei-ref">443</a> +to page 446. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The copies of S. Paul's Epistles (in cursive writing) +supposed to exist in European libraries,—not including +those in the monasteries of Greece and the Levant,<a id="noteref_1091" name="noteref_1091" href="#note_1091"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1091</span></span></a>—amount +to at least 302.<a id="noteref_1092" name="noteref_1092" href="#note_1092"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1092</span></span></a> Out of this number, 2 are fabulous:<a id="noteref_1093" name="noteref_1093" href="#note_1093"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1093</span></span></a>—1 +has been destroyed by fire:<a id="noteref_1094" name="noteref_1094" href="#note_1094"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1094</span></span></a>—and 6 have strayed into +unknown localities.<a id="noteref_1095" name="noteref_1095" href="#note_1095"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1095</span></span></a> Add, that 37 (for various reasons) are +said not to contain the verse in question;<a id="noteref_1096" name="noteref_1096" href="#note_1096"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1096</span></span></a> while of 2, I +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page492">[pg 492]</span><a name="Pg492" id="Pg492" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +have been hitherto unsuccessful in obtaining any account:<a id="noteref_1097" name="noteref_1097" href="#note_1097"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1097</span></span></a>—and +it will be seen that the sum of the available cursive +copies of S. Paul's Epistles is exactly 254. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, that 2 of these 254 cursive copies (viz. Paul 17 +and 73)—exhibit ὅς,—you have been so eager (at pp. 71-2 of +your pamphlet) to establish, that I am unwilling to do more +than refer you back to pages <a href="#Pg443" class="tei tei-ref">443</a>, -4, -5, where a few words +have been already offered in reply. Permit me, however, to +submit to your consideration, as a set-off against those <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two +copies</span></em> of S. Paul's Epistles which read ὅς,—the following +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two-hundred and fifty-two copies</span></em> which read Θεός.<a id="noteref_1098" name="noteref_1098" href="#note_1098"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1098</span></span></a> To speak +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page493">[pg 493]</span><a name="Pg493" id="Pg493" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +with perfect accuracy,—4 of these (252) exhibit ὁ Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη;<a id="noteref_1099" name="noteref_1099" href="#note_1099"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1099</span></span></a>—1, ὅς Θεός;<a id="noteref_1100" name="noteref_1100" href="#note_1100"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1100</span></span></a>—and 247, Θεός absolutely. The +numbers follow:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10. 11. 12. +13. 14. 16. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. +26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. +37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. +49. 52. 55. 56. 57. 59. 62. 63. 65. 67. 68. +69. 70. 71. 72. 74. 75. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. +83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. +95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. +106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. +117. 120. 121. 122. 123. 125. 126. 128. 129. 130. 131. +132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. +143. 144. 145. 149. 150. 151. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. +158. 159. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 173. +174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 182. 183. 184. 185. +186. 188. 189. 190. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. +199. 200. 201. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 211. 212. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page494">[pg 494]</span><a name="Pg494" id="Pg494" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +213. 215. 216. 217. 218.<a id="noteref_1101" name="noteref_1101" href="#note_1101"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1101</span></span></a> 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. +226. 227. 228. 229. 230. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. +237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. +249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 255. 256. 257. 258. 260. 262. +264. 265. 266. 267. 268. 269. 270. 272. 273. 274. 276. +277. 278. 279. 280. 281. 282.<a id="noteref_1102" name="noteref_1102" href="#note_1102"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1102</span></span></a> 283. 285. 288. 289. 290. +291. 292. 294. 295. 296. 297. 298. 299. 300. 301. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Behold then the provision which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Author</span></span> of Scripture +has made for the effectual conservation in its integrity of this +portion of His written Word! Upwards of eighteen hundred +years have run their course since the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span> by His +servant, Paul, rehearsed the <span class="tei tei-q">“mystery of Godliness;”</span> declaring +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> to be the great foundation-fact,—namely, that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God was +manifested in the flesh</span></span>.”</span> And lo, out of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two hundred and +fifty-four</span></em> copies of S. Paul's Epistles no less than <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two hundred +and fifty-two</span></em> are discovered to have preserved that expression. +Such <span class="tei tei-q">“Consent”</span> amounts to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Unanimity</span></em>; and, (as I explained +at pp. <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref">454-5</a>,) unanimity in this subject-matter, is conclusive. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The copies of which we speak, (you are requested to observe,) +were produced in every part of ancient Christendom,—being +derived in every instance from copies older than themselves; +which again were transcripts of copies older still. +They have since found their way, without design or contrivance, +into the libraries of every country of Europe,—where, +for hundreds of years they have been jealously +guarded. And,—(I repeat the question already hazarded at +pp. <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref">445-6</a>, and now respectfully propose it to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em>, my +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page495">[pg 495]</span><a name="Pg495" id="Pg495" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +lord Bishop; requesting you at your convenience to favour +me publicly with an answer;)—For what conceivable reason +can this multitude of witnesses be supposed to have entered +into a wicked conspiracy to deceive mankind? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +True, that no miracle has guarded the sacred Text in this, +or in any other place. On the other hand, for the last 150 +years, Unbelief has been carping resolutely at this grand +proclamation of the Divinity of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>,—in order to prove +that not this, but some other thing, it must have been, +which the Apostle wrote. And yet (as I have fully shown) +the result of all the evidence procurable is to establish that +the Apostle must be held to have written no other thing +but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To the overwhelming evidence thus furnished by 252 out +of 254 cursive <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Copies</span></em> of S. Paul's Epistles,—is to be added +the evidence supplied by the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectionaries</span></em>. It has been already +explained (viz. at pp. <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref">477-8</a>) that out of 32 copies of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolus,”</span> 29 concur in witnessing to Θεός. I have just +(May 7th) heard of another in the Vatican.<a id="noteref_1103" name="noteref_1103" href="#note_1103"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1103</span></span></a> To these 30, +should be added the 3 Liturgical codices referred to at pp. +<a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref">448</a> and <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref">474</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span> 1. Now this is emphatically the voice +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ancient Ecclesiastical Tradition</span></em>. The numerical result of +our entire enquiry, proves therefore to be briefly this:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(I.) In 1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Timothy</span></span> iii. 16, the reading Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν +σαρκί, is witnessed to by 289 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span>:<a id="noteref_1104" name="noteref_1104" href="#note_1104"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1104</span></span></a>—by 3 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>:<a id="noteref_1105" name="noteref_1105" href="#note_1105"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1105</span></span></a>—by +upwards of 20 Greek <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1106" name="noteref_1106" href="#note_1106"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1106</span></span></a> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page496">[pg 496]</span><a name="Pg496" id="Pg496" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(II) The reading ὅ (in place of Θεός) is supported by a +single MS. (D):—by 5 ancient <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>:<a id="noteref_1107" name="noteref_1107" href="#note_1107"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1107</span></span></a>—by 2 late Greek +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1108" name="noteref_1108" href="#note_1108"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1108</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(III.) The reading ὅς (also in place of Θεός) is countenanced +by 6 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span> in all (א, Paul 17, 73: Apost. 12, 85, 86):—by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Version</span></span> for certain (viz. the Gothic<a id="noteref_1109" name="noteref_1109" href="#note_1109"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1109</span></span></a>):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not for +certain by a single Greek</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1110" name="noteref_1110" href="#note_1110"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1110</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I will not repeat the remarks I made before on a general +survey of the evidence in favour of ὅς ἐφανερώθη: but I +must request you to refer back to those remarks, now that +we have reached the end of the entire discussion. They +extend from the middle of p. <a href="#Pg483" class="tei tei-ref">483</a> to the bottom of p. 485. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The unhappy Logic which, on a survey of what goes +before, can first persuade itself, and then seek to persuade +others, that Θεός is a <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and clear error</span></em>;”</span> and that +there is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">decidedly preponderating evidence</span></em>,”</span> in favour of +reading ὅς in 1 Timothy iii. 16;—must needs be of a sort +with which I neither have, nor desire to have, any acquaintance. +I commend the case between you and myself to the +judgment of Mankind; and trust you are able to await the +common verdict with the same serene confidence as I am. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Will you excuse me if I venture, in the homely vernacular, +to assure you that in your present contention you <span class="tei tei-q">“have not +a leg to stand upon”</span>? <span class="tei tei-q">“Moreover”</span> (to quote from your +own pamphlet [p. 76],) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this case is of great importance as an +example</span></em>.”</span> You made deliberate choice of it in order to convict +me of error. I have accepted your challenge, you see. +Let the present, by all means, be regarded by the public as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page497">[pg 497]</span><a name="Pg497" id="Pg497" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +a trial-place,—a test of our respective methods, yours and +mine. I cheerfully abide the issue, +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(p) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Internal Evidence</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for reading</span></em> Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em> +1 Tim. iii. 16, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">absolutely overwhelming</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In all that precedes, I have abstained from pleading +the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">probabilities</span></em> of the case; and for a sufficient reason. +Men's notions of what is <span class="tei tei-q">“probable”</span> are observed to differ +so seriously. <span class="tei tei-q">“Facile intelligitur”</span> (says Wetstein) <span class="tei tei-q">“lectiones +ὅς et Θεός esse interpretamenta pronominis ὅ: sed nec ὅ +nec ὅς posse esse interpretamentum vocis Θεός.”</span> Now, I +should have thought that the exact reverse is as clear as +the day. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">What</span></em> more obvious than that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΘΣ</span></span>, by exhibiting +indistinctly either of its delicate horizontal strokes, (and +they were often so traced as to be scarcely discernible,<a id="noteref_1111" name="noteref_1111" href="#note_1111"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1111</span></span></a>) would +become mistaken for ΟΣ? What more natural again than +that the masculine relative should be forced into agreement +with its neuter antecedent? Why, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the thing has actually +happened</span></em> at Coloss. i. 27; where ὍΣ ἐστι Χριστός has been +altered into ὅ, only because μυστήριον is the antecedent. +But waiving this, the internal evidence in favour of Θεός +must surely be admitted to be overwhelming, by all save +one determined that the reading <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">shall be</span></em> ὅς or ὅ. I trust we +are at least agreed that the maxim <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">proclivi lectioni præstat +ardua</span></span>,”</span> does not enunciate so foolish a proposition as that +in choosing between two or more conflicting readings, we +are to prefer <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></em> one which has the feeblest external +attestation,—provided it be but in itself almost unintelligible? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet, in the present instance,—How (give me leave to +ask) will you translate? To those who acquiesce in the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page498">[pg 498]</span><a name="Pg498" id="Pg498" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +notion that the μέγα μυστήριον τῆς εὐσεβείας means our +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour Christ</span></span> Himself, (consider Coloss. i. 27,) it is obvious +to translate <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>:”</span> yet how harsh, or rather how intolerable +is this! I should have thought that there could be no real +doubt that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the mystery</span></em>”</span> here spoken of must needs be +that complex exhibition of Divine condescension which +the Apostle proceeds to rehearse in outline: and of which +the essence is that it was very and eternal <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> who was the +subject of the transaction. Those who see this, and yet +adopt the reading ὅς, are obliged to refer it to the remote +antecedent Θεός. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em> do not advocate this view: neither +do I. For reasons of their own, Alford<a id="noteref_1112" name="noteref_1112" href="#note_1112"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1112</span></span></a> and Lightfoot<a id="noteref_1113" name="noteref_1113" href="#note_1113"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1113</span></span></a> both +translate <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Tregelles (who always shows to least advantage when a +point of taste or scholarship is under discussion) proposes to +render:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">He who was manifested in the flesh, (he who) was justified +in the spirit, (he who) was seen by angels, (he who) was +preached among Gentiles, (he who) was believed on in the +world, (he who) was received up in glory.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_1114" name="noteref_1114" href="#note_1114"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1114</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I question if his motion will find <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a seconder</span></em>. You yourself +lay it down magisterially that ὅς <span class="tei tei-q">“is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not emphatic</span></em> (<span class="tei tei-q">‘He +who,’</span> &c.): nor, by a <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">constructio ad sensum</span></span>, is it the relative +to μυστήριον; but is a relative to an <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">omitted</span></em> though +easily recognized antecedent, viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span>.”</span> You add that it +is not improbable <span class="tei tei-q">“that the words are quoted from some +known <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">hymn</span></em>, or probably from some familiar <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Confession of +Faith</span></em>.”</span> Accordingly, in your Commentary you venture to +exhibit the words within inverted commas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">as a quotation</span></em>:—<span class="tei tei-q">“And +confessedly great is the mystery of godliness: <span class="tei tei-q">‘who +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page499">[pg 499]</span><a name="Pg499" id="Pg499" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit,’</span> ”</span> &c.,<a id="noteref_1115" name="noteref_1115" href="#note_1115"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1115</span></span></a>—for +which you are without warrant of any kind, and which +you have no right to do. Westcott and Hort (the <span class="tei tei-q">“chartered +libertines”</span>) are even more licentious. Acting on their own +suggestion that these clauses are <span class="tei tei-q">“a quotation from <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an early +Christian hymn</span></em>,”</span> they proceed to print the conclusion of +1 Tim. iii. 16 stichometrically, as if it were a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six-line stanza</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This notwithstanding, the Revising body <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">have adopted</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“He +who,”</span> as the rendering of ὅς; a mistaken rendering as it +seems to me, and (I am glad to learn) to yourself also. +Their translation is quite a curiosity in its way. I proceed +to transcribe it:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">He who was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit, +seen of angels, preached among the nations, believed on in the +world, received up in glory.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But this does not even pretend to be a sentence: nor do I +understand what the proposed construction is. Any arrangement +which results in making the six clauses last quoted +part of the subject, and <span class="tei tei-q">“great”</span> the predicate of one long +proposition,—is unworthy.—Bentley's wild remedy testifies +far more eloquently to his distress than to his aptitude for +revising the text of Scripture. He suggests,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was +put to death</span></em> in the flesh, justified in the spirit, ... seen <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by +Apostles</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1116" name="noteref_1116" href="#note_1116"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1116</span></span></a>—<span class="tei tei-q">“According to the ancient view,”</span> (says the Rev. +T. S. Green,) <span class="tei tei-q">“the sense would be: <span class="tei tei-q">‘and confessedly great +is the mystery of godliness [in the person of him], who +[mystery notwithstanding] was manifested in the flesh, +&c.’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_1117" name="noteref_1117" href="#note_1117"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1117</span></span></a>... But, with submission, <span class="tei tei-q">“the ancient view”</span> was +not this. The Latins,—calamitously shut up within the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page500">[pg 500]</span><a name="Pg500" id="Pg500" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +limits of their <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">pietatis sacramentum, quod</span></span>,”</span>—are found to +have habitually broken away from that iron bondage, and to +have discoursed of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour Christ</span></span>, as being Himself the +<span class="tei tei-q">“sacramentum”</span> spoken of. The <span class="tei tei-q">“sacramentum,”</span> in their +view, was the incarnate <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Word</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1118" name="noteref_1118" href="#note_1118"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1118</span></span></a>—Not so the Greek Fathers. +These all, without exception, understood S. Paul to say,—what +Ecclesiastical Tradition hath all down the ages faithfully +attested, and what to this hour the copies of his Epistles +prove that he actually wrote,—viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And confessedly great is +the mystery of godliness</span></em>:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was manifested in the flesh, +justified in the spirit</span></em>,”</span> and so on. Moreover this is the view +of the matter in which all the learning and all the piety +of the English Church has thankfully acquiesced for the last +350 years. It has commended itself to Andrewes and +Pearson, Bull and Hammond, Hall and Stillingfleet, Ussher +and Beveridge, Mill and Bengel, Waterland and Berriman. +The enumeration of names is easily brought down to our +own times. Dr. Henderson, (the learned non-conformist +commentator,) in 1830 published a volume with the following +title:— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The great mystery of godliness incontrovertible: or, Sir +Isaac Newton and the Socinians foiled in the attempt to prove a +corruption in the text 1 Tim. iii. 16: containing a review of the +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page501">[pg 501]</span><a name="Pg501" id="Pg501" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-size: 90%"> +charges brought against the passage; an examination of the +various readings; and a confirmation of that in the received +text on principles of general and biblical criticism.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And,—to turn one's eyes in quite a different direction,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Veruntamen,”</span> +wrote venerable President Routh, at the end +of a life-long critical study of Holy Writ,—(and his days were +prolonged till he reached his hundredth year,)— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Veruntamen, quidquid ex sacri textûs historia, illud vero +haud certum, critici collegerunt, me tamen interna cogunt argumenta +præferre lectionem Θεός, quem quidem agnoscunt veteres +interpretes, Theodoretus cæterique, duabus alteris ὅς et ὅ.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span><a id="noteref_1119" name="noteref_1119" href="#note_1119"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1119</span></span></a> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And here I bring my <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dissertation</span></span> on 1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Tim.</span></span> iii. 16 to a +close. It began at p. <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424</a>, and I little thought would extend +to seventy-six pages. Let it be clearly understood that I rest +my contention not at all on Internal, but entirely on External +Evidence; although, to the best of my judgment, they are +alike conclusive as to the matter in debate.—Having now +incontrovertibly, as I believe, established ΘΕΌΣ as the best +attested Reading of the place,—I shall conclude the present +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Letter</span></span> as speedily as I can. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(1) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">“</span><span style="font-style: italic">Composition of the Body which is responsible for the +</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">‘</span><span style="font-style: italic">New Greek Text.</span><span style="font-style: italic">’</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> ”</span></span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +There remains, I believe, but one head of discourse into +which I have not yet followed you. I allude to your <span class="tei tei-q">“few +words about the composition of the body which is responsible +for the <span class="tei tei-q">‘New Greek Text,’</span> ”</span><a id="noteref_1120" name="noteref_1120" href="#note_1120"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1120</span></span></a>—which extend from the latter +part of p. 29 to the beginning of p. 32 of your pamphlet. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Among the sixteen most regular attendants at your meetings,”</span> +(you say) <span class="tei tei-q">“were to be found most of those persons who +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page502">[pg 502]</span><a name="Pg502" id="Pg502" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +were presumably best acquainted with the subject of Textual +Criticism.”</span><a id="noteref_1121" name="noteref_1121" href="#note_1121"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1121</span></span></a> And with this insinuation that you had <span class="tei tei-q">“all +the talents”</span> with you, you seek to put me down. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But (as you truly say) <span class="tei tei-q">“the number of living Scholars +in England who have connected their names with the study +of the Textual Criticism of the New Testament is exceedingly +small.”</span><a id="noteref_1122" name="noteref_1122" href="#note_1122"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1122</span></span></a> And, <span class="tei tei-q">“of that exceedingly small number,”</span> +you would be puzzled to name so much as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em>, besides the +three you proceed to specify (viz. Dr. Scrivener, Dr. Westcott, +and Dr. Hort,)—who were members of the Revision company. +On the other hand,—(to quote the words of the most +learned of our living Prelates,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“it is well known that +there are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two opposite Schools</span></em> of Biblical Criticism among us, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with very different opinions as to the comparative value of our +Manuscripts of the Greek Testament</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1123" name="noteref_1123" href="#note_1123"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1123</span></span></a> And in proof of his +statement, the Bishop of Lincoln cites <span class="tei tei-q">“on the one side”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Drs. +Westcott and Hort</span></em>; <span class="tei tei-q">“and on the other”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dr. Scrivener</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now, let the account be read which Dr. Newth gives (and +which you admit to be correct) of the extraordinary method +by which the <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text”</span> was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">settled</span></em>,”</span><a id="noteref_1124" name="noteref_1124" href="#note_1124"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1124</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“for the +most part at the First Revision,”</span><a id="noteref_1125" name="noteref_1125" href="#note_1125"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1125</span></span></a>—and it becomes plain that +it was not by any means the product of the independently-formed +opinions of 16 experts, (as your words imply); +but resulted from the aptitude of 13 of your body to be +guided by the sober counsels of Dr. Scrivener on the one +hand, or to be carried away by the eager advocacy of +Dr. Hort, (supported as he ever was by his respected colleague +Dr. Westcott,) on the other. As Canon Cook well +puts it,—<span class="tei tei-q">“The question really is, Were the members competent +to form a correct judgment?”</span><a id="noteref_1126" name="noteref_1126" href="#note_1126"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1126</span></span></a> <span class="tei tei-q">“In most cases,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page503">[pg 503]</span><a name="Pg503" id="Pg503" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +simple majority</span></em>”</span><a id="noteref_1127" name="noteref_1127" href="#note_1127"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1127</span></span></a> determined what the text should be. But +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ponderari debent testes</span></span>, my lord Bishop, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">non numerari</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1128" name="noteref_1128" href="#note_1128"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1128</span></span></a> The +vote of the joint Editors should have been reckoned practically +as only <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> vote. And whenever Dr. Scrivener and +they were irreconcilably opposed, the existing Traditional +Text ought to have been let alone. All pretence that it was +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plainly and clearly erroneous</span></em> was removed, when the only +experts present were hopelessly divided in opinion. As for +the rest of the Revising Body, inasmuch as they extemporized +their opinions, they were scarcely qualified to vote +at all. Certainly they were not entitled individually to an +equal voice with Dr. Scrivener in determining what the +text should be. Caprice or Prejudice, in short, it was, not +Deliberation and Learning, which prevailed in the Jerusalem +Chamber. A more unscientific,—to speak truly, a +coarser and a clumsier way of manipulating the sacred +Deposit, than that which you yourself invented, it would be +impossible, in my judgment, to devise. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(2) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">An Unitarian Revisionist intolerable.</span></span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Westminster-Abbey +Scandal.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But this is not nearly all. You invite attention to the +constituent elements of the Revising body, and congratulate +yourself on its miscellaneous character as providing a +guarantee that it has been impartial. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I frankly avow, my lord Bishop, that the challenge you +thus deliberately offer, surprises me greatly. To have observed +severe silence on this part of the subject, would have seemed +to me your discreeter course. Moreover, had you not, in +this marked way, invited attention to the component elements +of the Revising body, I was prepared to give the subject +the go-by. The <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New Greek Text</span></em>,”</span> no less than the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">New +</span><span class="tei tei-pb" id="page504">[pg 504]</span><a name="Pg504" id="Pg504" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span style="font-style: italic"> +English Version</span></em>,”</span> must stand or fall on its own merits; and I +have no wish to prejudice the discussion by importing into it +foreign elements. Of this, you have had some proof already; +for, (with the exception of what is offered above, in pages +<a href="#Pg006" class="tei tei-ref">6</a> and <a href="#Pg007" class="tei tei-ref">7</a>,) the subject has been, by your present correspondent, +nowhere brought prominently forward. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Far be it from me, however, to decline the enquiry which +you evidently court. And so, I candidly avow that it was +in my account a serious breach of Church order that, on +engaging in so solemn an undertaking as the Revision of the +Authorized Version, a body of Divines professing to act +under the authority of the Southern Convocation should +spontaneously associate with themselves Ministers of various +denominations,<a id="noteref_1129" name="noteref_1129" href="#note_1129"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1129</span></span></a>—Baptists, Congregationalists, Wesleyan +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page505">[pg 505]</span><a name="Pg505" id="Pg505" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Methodists, Independents, and the like: and especially that +a successor of the Apostles should have presided over the +deliberations of this assemblage of Separatists. In my +humble judgment, we shall in vain teach the sinfulness of +Schism, if we show ourselves practically indifferent on the +subject, and even set an example of irregularity to our +flocks. My Divinity may appear unaccommodating and old-fashioned: +but I am not prepared to unlearn the lessons +long since got by heart in the school of Andrewes and +Hooker, of Pearson and Bull, of Hammond and Sanderson, +of Beveridge and Bramhall. I am much mistaken, moreover, +if I may not claim the authority of a greater doctor than +any of these,—I mean S. Paul,—for the fixed views I entertain +on this head. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +All this, however, is as nothing in comparison of the +scandal occasioned by the co-optation into your body of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page506">[pg 506]</span><a name="Pg506" id="Pg506" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +Dr. G. Vance Smith, the Unitarian Minister of S. Saviour's +Gate Chapel, York. That, while engaged in the work of +interpreting the everlasting Gospel, you should have knowingly +and by choice associated with yourselves one who, not +only openly denies the eternal Godhead of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, but in +a recent publication is the avowed assailant of that fundamental +doctrine of the Christian Religion, as well as of the +Inspiration of Holy Scripture itself,<a id="noteref_1130" name="noteref_1130" href="#note_1130"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1130</span></span></a>—filled me (and many +besides myself) with astonishment and sorrow. You were +respectfully memorialized on the subject;<a id="noteref_1131" name="noteref_1131" href="#note_1131"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1131</span></span></a> but you treated +the representations which reached you with scornful indifference. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now therefore that you re-open the question, I will not +scruple publicly to repeat that it seems to me nothing else +but an insult to our Divine Master and a wrong to the +Church, that the most precious part of our common Christian +heritage, the pure Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, should day by day, week +by week, month by month, year after year, have been thus +handled; for the avowed purpose of producing a Translation +which should supersede our Authorized Version. That +the individual in question contributed aught to your deliberations +has never been pretended. On the contrary. No +secret has been made of the fact that he was, (as might have +been anticipated from his published writings,) the most +unprofitable member of the Revising body. Why then was +he at first surreptitiously elected? and why was his election +afterwards stiffly maintained? The one purpose achieved by +his continued presence among you was that it might be +thereby made to appear that the Church of England no +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page507">[pg 507]</span><a name="Pg507" id="Pg507" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +longer insists on Belief in the eternal Godhead of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>, +as essential; but is prepared to surrender her claim to +definite and unequivocal dogmatic teaching in respect of +Faith in the Blessed <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Trinity</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But even if this Unitarian had been an eminent Scholar, +my objection would remain in full force; for I hold, (and +surely so do you!), that the right Interpretation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> +Word may not be attained without the guidance of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy +Spirit</span></span>, whose aid must first be invoked by faithful prayer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, this same person was invited to communicate +with his fellow-Revisers in Westminster-Abbey, +and did accordingly, on the 22nd of June, 1870, receive the +Holy Communion, in Henry VII.'s Chapel, at the hands of +Dean Stanley: declaring, next day, that he received the +Sacrament on this occasion without <span class="tei tei-q">“joining in reciting +the Nicene Creed”</span> and without <span class="tei tei-q">“compromise”</span> (as he expressed +it,) of his principles as an <span class="tei tei-q">“Unitarian.”</span><a id="noteref_1132" name="noteref_1132" href="#note_1132"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1132</span></span></a> So conspicuous +a sacrilege led to a public Protest signed by some +thousands of the Clergy.<a id="noteref_1133" name="noteref_1133" href="#note_1133"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1133</span></span></a> It also resulted, in the next +ensuing Session of Convocation, in a Resolution whereby the +Upper House cleared itself of complicity in the scandal.<a id="noteref_1134" name="noteref_1134" href="#note_1134"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1134</span></span></a>... +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page508">[pg 508]</span><a name="Pg508" id="Pg508" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +How a good man like you can revive the memory of these +many painful incidents without anguish, is to me unintelligible. +That no blessing from Him, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">sine Quo nihil +validum, nihil sanctum</span></span>,”</span> could be expected to attend an +undertaking commenced under such auspices,—was but +too plain. The Revision was a foredoomed thing—in the +account of many besides myself—from the outset. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(3) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The probable Future of the Revision of</span></span> 1881. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Not unaware am I that it has nevertheless been once +and again confidently predicted in public Addresses, Lectures, +Pamphlets, that ultimate success is in store for the +Revision of 1881. I cannot but regard it as a suspicious +circumstance that these vaticinations have hitherto invariably +proceeded from members of the Revising body. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It would ill become such an one as myself to pretend to +skill in forecasting the future. But of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> at least I feel +certain:—that if, in an evil hour, (quod absit!), the Church +of England shall ever be induced to commit herself to the +adoption of the present Revision, she will by so doing expose +herself to the ridicule of the rest of Christendom, as well as +incur irreparable harm and loss. And such a proceeding +on her part will be inexcusable, for she has been at least +faithfully forewarned. Moreover, in the end, she will most +certainly have to retrace her steps with sorrow and confusion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Those persons evidently overlook the facts of the problem, +who refer to what happened in the case of the Authorized +Version when it originally appeared, some 270 years ago; +and argue that as the Revision of 1611 at first encountered +opposition, which yet it ultimately overcame, so must it fare +in the end with the present Revised Version also. Those +who so reason forget that the cases are essentially dissimilar. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page509">[pg 509]</span><a name="Pg509" id="Pg509" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +If the difference between the Authorized Version of 1611 +and the Revision of 1881 were only this.—That the latter is +characterized by a mechanical, unidiomatic, and even repulsive +method of rendering; which was not only unattempted, +but repudiated by the Authors of the earlier work;—there +would have been something to urge on behalf of the later +performance. The plea of zeal for <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God's</span></span> Word,—a determination +at all hazards to represent with even servile precision +the <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ipsissima verba</span></span> of Evangelists and Apostles,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> +plea might have been plausibly put forward: and, to +some extent, it must have been allowed,—although a grave +diversity of opinion might reasonably have been entertained +as to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">what constitutes</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“accuracy”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“fidelity”</span> of translation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But when once it has been made plain that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the underlying +Greek</span></em> of the Revision of 1881 is an entirely new thing,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is a +manufactured article throughout</span></em>,—all must see that the contention +has entirely changed its character. The question +immediately arises, (and it is the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> question which +remains to be asked,)—Were then the Authors of this <span class="tei tei-q">“New +Greek Text”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">competent</span></em> to undertake so perilous an enterprise? +And when, in the words of the distinguished Chairman +of the Revising body—(words quoted above, at page +<a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref">369</a>,)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">To this question, we venture to answer very unhesitatingly +in the negative</span></em>,”</span>—What remains but, with blank +astonishment, not unmingled with disgust, to close the +volume? Your own ingenuous admission,—(volunteered by +yourself a few days before you and your allies <span class="tei tei-q">“proceeded +to the actual details of the Revision,”</span>)—that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">we have +certainly not acquired sufficient Critical Judgment</span></em> for any body +of Revisers hopefully to undertake such a work as this,”</span>—is +decisive on the subject. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The gravity of the issue thus raised, it is impossible to +over-estimate. We find ourselves at once and entirely +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page510">[pg 510]</span><a name="Pg510" id="Pg510" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +lifted out of the region originally proposed for investigation. +It is no longer a question of the degree of skill which +has been exhibited in translating the title-deeds of our +heavenly inheritance out of Greek into English. Those +title-deeds themselves have been empirically submitted to a +process which, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rightly or wrongly</span></em>, seriously affects their integrity. +Not only has a fringe of most unreasonable textual +mistrust been tacked on to the margin of every inspired +page, (as from S. Luke x. 41 to xi. 11):—not only has many +a grand doctrinal statement been evacuated of its authority, +(as, by the shameful mis-statement found in the margin +against S. John iii. 13,<a id="noteref_1135" name="noteref_1135" href="#note_1135"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1135</span></span></a> and the vile Socinian gloss which +disfigures the margin of Rom. ix. 5<a id="noteref_1136" name="noteref_1136" href="#note_1136"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1136</span></span></a>):—but we entirely miss +many a solemn utterance of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit</span></span>,—as when we are +assured that verses 44 and 46 of S. Mark ix. are omitted by +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the best ancient authorities</span></em>,”</span> (whereas, on the contrary, the +MSS. referred to are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the worst</span></em>). Let the thing complained of +be illustrated by a few actual examples. Only five shall be +subjoined. The words in the first column represent what +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> are pleased to designate as among <span class="tei tei-q">“the most certain +conclusions of modern Textual Criticism”</span> (p. 78),—but what +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> assert to be nothing else but mutilated exhibitions of the +inspired Text. The second column contains the indubitable +Truth of Scripture,—the words which have been read by our +Fathers' Fathers for the last 500 years, and which we +propose, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> helping us,) to hand on unimpaired to our +Children, and to our Children's Children, for many a century +to come:— +</p> + +<a name="Pg511" id="Pg511" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="2"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Revised</span></span> (1881).</td><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Authorized</span></span> (1611).</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And come, follow me.”</span></td> + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And come, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">take up the cross and</span></em> follow me.”</span><a id="noteref_1137" name="noteref_1137" href="#note_1137"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1137</span></span></a></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And they blindfolded him, and asked him, saying, Prophesy.”</span></td> + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And when they had blindfolded him, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">they struck him on +the face</span></em>, and asked him, saying, Prophesy.”</span><a id="noteref_1138" name="noteref_1138" href="#note_1138"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1138</span></span></a></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And there was also a superscription over him, This is the King of the Jews.”</span></td> + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And a superscription also was <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">written</span></em> over him <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in letters of Greek, and Latin, and +Hebrew</span></em>, This is the King of the Jews.”</span><a id="noteref_1139" name="noteref_1139" href="#note_1139"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1139</span></span></a></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And they gave him a piece of a broiled fish.”</span></td> + <td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“And they gave him a piece of a broiled fish, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and of an honeycomb</span></em>.”</span><a id="noteref_1140" name="noteref_1140" href="#note_1140"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1140</span></span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the next (S. Luke ix. 54-6,) is a far more serious loss:— +</p> + +<table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="2"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"><td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Lord, wilt thou that we bid fire to come down from heaven, and consume them?’</span> +But he turned and rebuked them. And they went to another village.”</span></td> +<td class="tei tei-cell"><span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Lord, wilt thou that we command fire to come down from heaven, and consume +them, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">even as Elias did</span></em>?’</span> But he turned and rebuked them, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and said, </span><span class="tei tei-q">‘Ye know not what +manner of spirit ye are of. For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save +them’</span></em>. And they went to another village.”</span></td></tr></tbody></table> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The unlearned reader sees at a glance that the only difference +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Translation</span></em> here is the substitution of <span class="tei tei-q">“bid”</span> for +<span class="tei tei-q">“command.”</span>—which by the way, is not only uncalled for, +but is a change <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the worse</span></em>.<a id="noteref_1141" name="noteref_1141" href="#note_1141"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1141</span></span></a> On the other hand, how +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page512">[pg 512]</span><a name="Pg512" id="Pg512" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +grievous an injury has been done by the mutilation of the +blessed record in respect of those (3 + 5 + 7 + 4 + 24 = ) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forty-three</span></em> (in English <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">fifty-seven</span></em>) undoubtedly inspired as +well as most precious words,—even <span class="tei tei-q">“ordinary Readers”</span> are +competent to discern. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I am saying that the systematic, and sometimes serious,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">always</span></em> +inexcusable,—liberties which have been taken with +the Greek Text by the Revisionists of 1881, constitute a +ground of offence against their work for which no pretext +was afforded by the Revision of 1611. To argue therefore +from what has been the fate of the one, to what is likely to +be the fate of the other, is illogical. The cases are not only +not parallel: they are even wholly dissimilar. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page513">[pg 513]</span><a name="Pg513" id="Pg513" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The cheapest copies of our Authorized Version at least +exhibit the Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> faithfully and helpfully. Could +the same be said of a cheap edition of the work of the +Revisionists,—destitute of headings to the Chapters, and +containing no record of the extent to which the Sacred Text +has undergone depravation throughout? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let it be further recollected that the greatest Scholars and +the most learned Divines of which our Church could boast, +conducted the work of Revision in King James' days; and +it will be acknowledged that the promiscuous assemblage +which met in the Jerusalem Chamber cannot urge any +corresponding claim on public attention. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Then</span></em>, the Bishops +of Lincoln of 1611 were Revisers: the Vance Smiths stood +without and found fault. But in the affair of 1881, +Dr. Vance Smith revises, and ventilates heresy from within:<a id="noteref_1142" name="noteref_1142" href="#note_1142"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1142</span></span></a> +the Bp. of Lincoln stands outside, and is one of the severest +Critics of the work.—Disappointed men are said to have been +conspicuous among the few assailants of our <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized +Version,”</span>—Scholars (as Hugh Broughton) who considered +themselves unjustly overlooked and excluded. But on the +present occasion, among the multitude of hostile voices, +there is not a single instance known of a man excluded from +the deliberations of the Jerusalem Chamber, who desired to +share them. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page514">[pg 514]</span><a name="Pg514" id="Pg514" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To argue therefore concerning the prospects of the Revision +of 1881 from the known history of our Authorized Version +of 1611, is to argue concerning things essentially dissimilar. +With every advance made in the knowledge of the subject, +it may be confidently predicted that there will spring up +increased distrust of the Revision of 1881, and an ever +increasing aversion from it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(4) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Review of the entire subject, and of the respective +positions of Bp. Ellicott and myself.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Here I lay down my pen,—glad to have completed what +(because I have endeavoured to do my work <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">thoroughly</span></em>) has +proved a very laborious task indeed. The present rejoinder +to your Pamphlet covers all the ground you have yourself +traversed, and will be found to have disposed of your entire +contention. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I take leave to point out, in conclusion, that it places you +individually in a somewhat embarrassing predicament. For +you have now no alternative but to come forward and +disprove my statements as well as refute my arguments: or +to admit, by your silence, that you have sustained defeat in +the cause of which you constituted yourself the champion. +You constrained me to reduce you to this alternative when +you stood forth on behalf of the Revising body, and saw fit +to provoke me to a personal encounter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But you must come provided with something vastly more +formidable, remember, than denunciations,—which are but +wind: and vague generalities,—which prove nothing and +persuade nobody: and appeals to the authority of <span class="tei tei-q">“Lachmann, +Tischendorf, and Tregelles,”</span>—which I disallow and +disregard. You must produce a counter-array of well-ascertained +facts; and you must build thereupon irrefragable +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page515">[pg 515]</span><a name="Pg515" id="Pg515" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +arguments. In other words, you must conduct your cause +with learning and ability. Else, believe me, you will make +the painful discovery that <span class="tei tei-q">“the last error is worse than the +first.”</span> You had better a thousand times, even now, ingenuously +admit that you made a grievous mistake when you put yourself +into the hands of those ingenious theorists, Drs. Westcott +and Hort, and embraced their arbitrary decrees,—than persevere +in your present downward course, only to sink deeper +and deeper in the mire. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(5) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anticipated effect of the present contention on the Text of</span></span> +1 Timothy iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I like to believe, in the meantime, that this passage of +arms has resulted in such a vindication<a id="noteref_1143" name="noteref_1143" href="#note_1143"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1143</span></span></a> of the traditional +Reading of 1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Timothy</span></span> iii. 16, as will effectually secure that +famous place of Scripture against further molestation. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Faxit +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">!</span></span>... In the margin of the Revision of 1881, I +observe that you have ventured to state as follows,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The word </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%">, in place of </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">He who</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">, rests on no sufficient +ancient evidence.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the words of your Unitarian ally, Dr. Vance Smith,— +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">The old reading is pronounced untenable by the Revisers, +as it has long been known to be by all careful students of +the New Testament.... It is in truth another example of the +facility with which ancient copiers could introduce the word +God into their manuscripts,—a reading which was the natural +result of the growing tendency in early Christian times ... to +look upon the humble Teacher as the incarnate Word, and +therefore as </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">‘</span><span style="font-size: 90%">God manifested in the flesh</span><span style="font-size: 90%">’</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> ”</span></span><span style="font-size: 90%"> (p. 39). +</span></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such remarks proceeding from such a quarter create no +surprise. But, pray, my lord Bishop, of what were <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> +thinking when you permitted yourself to make the serious +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page516">[pg 516]</span><a name="Pg516" id="Pg516" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +mis-statement which stands in the margin? You must +needs have meant thereby that,—<span class="tei tei-q">“The word <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">He who</span></em> in +place of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, on the contrary, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></em> rest on sufficient ancient +evidence.”</span> I solemnly call upon you, in the Name of Him +by whose Spirit Holy Scripture was given, to prove the +truth of your marginal Note of which the foregoing 70 pages +are a refutation.—You add, +</p> + +<div class="block tei tei-quote" style="margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 3.60em; margin-top: 1.80em; margin-right: 3.60em"> +<span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-size: 90%">“</span><span style="font-size: 90%">Some ancient authorities read </span><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-style: italic">which</span></em><span style="font-size: 90%">.</span><span style="font-size: 90%">”</span></span> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But why did you suppress the fact, which is undeniable, +viz.: that a great many <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">More</span></em> ancient authorities”</span> read +<span class="tei tei-q">“which”</span> (ὅ), than read <span class="tei tei-q">“who”</span> (ὅς)? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(6) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The nature of this contention explained.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And yet, it was no isolated place which I was eager to establish, +when at first I took up my pen. It was the general trustworthiness +of the Traditional Text,—(the Text which you admit +to be upwards of 1500 years old,)—which I aimed at illustrating: +the essential rottenness of the foundation on which +the Greek Text of the Revision of 1881 has been constructed by +yourself and your fellow Revisers,—which I was determined to +expose. I claim to have proved not only that your entire +superstructure is tasteless and unlovely to a degree,—but +also that you have reared it up on a foundation of sand. In +no vaunting spirit, (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> is my witness!), but out of sincere +and sober zeal for the truth of Scripture I say it,—your +work, whether you know it or not, has been so handled in +the course of the present volume of 500 pages that its +essential deformity must be apparent to every unprejudiced +beholder. It can only be spoken of at this time of day as a +shapeless ruin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A ruin moreover it is which does not admit of being +repaired or restored. And why? Because the mischief, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page517">[pg 517]</span><a name="Pg517" id="Pg517" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +which extends to every part of the edifice, takes its beginning, +as already explained, in every part of the foundation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And further, (to speak without a figure,) it cannot be too +plainly stated that no compromise is possible between our +respective methods,—yours and mine: between the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">new +German</span></span> system in its most aggravated and in fact intolerable +form, to which you have incautiously and unconditionally +given in your adhesion; and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">old English</span></span> school of +Textual Criticism, of which I humbly avow myself a disciple. +Between the theory of Drs. Westcott and Hort (which you +have made your own) and the method of your present +Correspondent, there can be no compromise, because +the two are antagonistic throughout. We have, in fact, +nothing in common,—except certain documents; which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> +insist on interpreting by the humble Inductive process: +while you and your friends insist on your right of deducing +your estimate of them from certain antecedent imaginations +of your own,—every one of which I disallow, and some of +which I am able to disprove. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such, my lord Bishop, is your baseless imagination—(1) +That the traditional Greek Text (which, without authority, +you style <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Syrian text</span></span>,”</span>) is the result of a deliberate +Recension made at Antioch, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 and 350:<a id="noteref_1144" name="noteref_1144" href="#note_1144"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1144</span></span></a>—(2) That the +Peschito, in like manner, is the result of a Recension made +at Edessa or Nisibis about the same time:<a id="noteref_1145" name="noteref_1145" href="#note_1145"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1145</span></span></a>—(3) That Cureton's +is the Syriac <span class="tei tei-q">“Vetus,”</span> and the Peschito the Syriac <span class="tei tei-q">“Vulgate:”</span><a id="noteref_1146" name="noteref_1146" href="#note_1146"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1146</span></span></a>—(4) +That the respective ancestries of our only two IVth-century +Codices, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, <span class="tei tei-q">“diverged from a common parent +extremely near the apostolic autographs:”</span><a id="noteref_1147" name="noteref_1147" href="#note_1147"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1147</span></span></a>—(5) That this common +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page518">[pg 518]</span><a name="Pg518" id="Pg518" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +original enjoyed a <span class="tei tei-q">“general immunity from substantive +error;”</span> and by consequence—(6) That <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א provide <span class="tei tei-q">“a safe +criterion of genuineness,”</span> so that <span class="tei tei-q">“no readings of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> can be +safely rejected absolutely.”</span><a id="noteref_1148" name="noteref_1148" href="#note_1148"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1148</span></span></a>—(7) Similar wild imaginations +you cherish concerning <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,—which, together with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></em> assume to be among the most trustworthy guides in +existence; whereas <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></em> have convinced myself, by laborious +collation, that they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the most corrupt of all</span></em>. We are thus +diametrically opposed throughout. Finally,—(8) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></em> assume +that you possess a power of divination which enables you +to dispense with laborious processes of Induction; while I, +on the contrary, insist that the Truth of the Text of Scripture +is to be elicited exclusively from the consentient testimony +of the largest number of the best <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>.<a id="noteref_1149" name="noteref_1149" href="#note_1149"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1149</span></span></a> There is, I am persuaded, no royal road to the +attainment of Truth in this department of Knowledge. Only +through the lowly portal of humility,—only by self-renouncing +labour,—may we ever hope to reach the innermost shrine. +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">They</span></em> do but go astray themselves and hopelessly mislead +others, who first <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">invent their facts</span></em>, and then proceed to +build thereupon their premisses. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Such builders are Drs. Westcott and Hort,—with whom +(by your own avowal) you stand completely identified.<a id="noteref_1150" name="noteref_1150" href="#note_1150"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1150</span></span></a> +I repeat, (for I wish it to be distinctly understood and +remembered,) that what I assert concerning those Critics +is,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> that their superstructure rests upon an insecure +foundation; but that it rests on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no foundation at all</span></em>. My +complaint is,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> that they are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">somewhat</span></em> and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">frequently</span></em> +mistaken; but that they are mistaken <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">entirely</span></em>, and that they +are mistaken <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">throughout</span></em>. There is no possibility of approximation +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page519">[pg 519]</span><a name="Pg519" id="Pg519" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +between <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">their</span></em> mere assumptions and the results of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></em> +humble and laborious method of dealing with the Text of +Scripture. We shall only <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em> be able to begin to reason +together with the slightest prospect of coming to any agreement, +when they have unconditionally abandoned all their +preconceived imaginations, and unreservedly scattered every +one of their postulates to the four winds. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(7) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Parting Counsels.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Let me be allowed, in conclusion, to recommend to your +attention and that of your friends,—(I.) <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">The last Twelve +Verses of S. Mark's Gospel</span></span>:”</span>—(II.) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Angelic +Hymn</span></span> on the night of the Nativity:—(III.) The text of +1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Timothy</span></span> iii. 16,—these three,—(in respect of which up to +this hour, you and I find ourselves to be hopelessly divided,)—as +convenient <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Test places</span></em>. When you are prepared frankly +to admit,—(I.) That there is no reason whatever for doubting +the genuineness of S. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Mark</span></span> xvi. 9-20:<a id="noteref_1151" name="noteref_1151" href="#note_1151"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1151</span></span></a>—(II.) That ἐν +ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκία is unquestionably the Evangelical text of +S. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Luke</span></span> ii. 14:<a id="noteref_1152" name="noteref_1152" href="#note_1152"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1152</span></span></a>—and (III.) That Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί is +what the great Apostle must be held to have written in +1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Timothy</span></span> iii 16,<a id="noteref_1153" name="noteref_1153" href="#note_1153"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1153</span></span></a>—we shall be in good time to proceed to +something else. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Until</span></em> this happy result has been attained, it +is a mere waste of time to break up fresh ground, and to +extend the area of our differences. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I cannot however disguise from you the fact that such an +avowal on your part will amount to an admission that <span class="tei tei-q">“the +whole fabric of Textual Criticism which has been built up +during the last fifty years by successive editors of the New +Testament,”</span>—Lachmann namely, Tischendorf, and Tregelles,—is +worthless. Neither may the inevitable consequence +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page520">[pg 520]</span><a name="Pg520" id="Pg520" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +of this admission be concealed: viz. that your own work as +Revisionists has been, to speak plainly, one gigantic blunder, +from end to end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(8) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The subject dismissed.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The issue of this prolonged contention I now commend, +with deep humility, to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Almighty God</span></span>. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Spirit of Truth</span></span> +will, (I know,) take good care of His own masterpiece,—the +Written Word. May He have compassion on my ignorance, +and graciously forgive me, if, (intending nothing less,) I shall +prove to have anywhere erred in my strenuous endeavour to +maintain the integrity of Scripture against the rashness of an +impatient and unlearned generation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But if, (as I humbly believe and confidently hope,) my +conclusions are sound throughout, then may He enable men +freely to recognize the Truth; and thus, effectually avert from +our Church the supreme calamity with which, for a few +months in 1881, it seemed threatened; namely, of having an +utterly depraved Recension of the Greek Text of the New +Testament thrust upon it, as the basis of a very questionable +'Revision' of the English. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +My lord Bishop,—I have the honour to wish you respectfully +farewell. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +J. W. B. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deanery, Chichester</span></span>,<br /> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">July, 1883</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +THE GRASS WITHERETH: THE FLOWER FADETH: +BUT THE WORD OF OUR GOD SHALL STAND FOR EVER. +</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page521">[pg 521]</span><a name="Pg521" id="Pg521" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc13" id="toc13"></a> +<a name="pdf14" id="pdf14"></a> +<a name="Appendix" id="Appendix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Appendix Of Sacred Codices.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The inquiries into which I was led (January to June 1883) +by my <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dissertation</span></span> in vindication of the Traditional Reading +of 1 Tim. iii. 16, have resulted in my being made aware of the +existence of a vast number of Sacred Codices which had eluded +the vigilance of previous Critics. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +I had already assisted my friend Prebendary Scrivener +in greatly enlarging Scholz's list. We had in fact raised the +enumeration of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evangelia</span></span>”</span> to 621: of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acts and Catholic +Epistles</span></span>”</span> to 239: of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paul</span></span>”</span> to 281: of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apocalypse</span></span>”</span> to 108: of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evangelistaria</span></span>”</span> to 299: of the book called <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>”</span> to 81:—making +a total of 1629.—But at the end of a protracted and +somewhat laborious correspondence with the custodians of not +a few great Continental Libraries, I am able to state that our +available <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evangelia</span></span>”</span> amount to at least 739<a id="noteref_1154" name="noteref_1154" href="#note_1154"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1154</span></span></a>: our <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acts and +Cath. Epp.</span></span>”</span> to 261: our <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paul</span></span>”</span> to 338: our <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apoc.</span></span>”</span> to 122: our +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evstt.</span></span>”</span> to 415<a id="noteref_1155" name="noteref_1155" href="#note_1155"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1155</span></span></a>: our copies of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>”</span> to 128<a id="noteref_1156" name="noteref_1156" href="#note_1156"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1156</span></span></a>: making +a total of 2003. This shows an increase of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">three hundred and +seventy-four</span></em>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +My original intention had been to publish this enumeration +of Sacred Codices in its entirety as an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span> to the present +volume: but finding that the third edition of Dr. Scrivener's +<span class="tei tei-q">“Introduction”</span> would appear some months before my own +pages could possibly see the light, I eagerly communicated my +discoveries to my friend. I have indeed proposed to myself no +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page522">[pg 522]</span><a name="Pg522" id="Pg522" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +other object throughout but the advancement of the study +of Textual Criticism: and it was reasonable to hope that by +means of his widely circulated volume, the great enlargement +which our previously ascertained stores have suddenly experienced +would become more generally known to scholars. I +should of course still have it in my power to reproduce here the +same enumeration of Sacred Codices. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The great bulk however which the present volume has +acquired, induces me to limit myself in this place to some +account of those Codices which have been expressly announced +and discoursed about in my Text (as at pp. <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref">474</a> and <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref">492-5</a>). +Some other occasion must be found for enlarging on the rest of +my budget. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It only remains to state that for most of my recent discoveries +I am indebted to the Abbate Cozza-Luzi, Prefect of the Vatican; +who on being informed of the object of my solicitude, with +extraordinary liberality and consideration at once set three +competent young men to work in the principal libraries of +Rome. To him I am further indebted for my introduction to +the MS. treasures belonging to the Basilian monks of Crypta-Ferrata, +the ancient Tusculum. Concerning the precious +library of that monastery so much has been offered already +(viz. at pp. <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref">446-448</a>, and again at pp. <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref">473-4</a>), as well as +concerning its learned chief, the Hieromonachus Antonio +Rocchi, that I must be content to refer my readers to those +earlier parts of the present volume. I cannot however sufficiently +acknowledge the patient help which the librarian of +Crypta Ferrata has rendered me in the course of these researches. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For my knowledge of the sacred Codices preserved at Messina, +I am indebted to the good offices and learning of Papas Filippo +Matranga. In respect of those at Milan, my learned friend +Dr. Ceriani has (not for the first time) been my efficient helper. +M. Wescher has kindly assisted me at Paris; and Dr. C. de +Boor at Berlin. It must suffice, for the rest, to refer to the +Notes at foot of pp. <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref">491-2</a> and <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref">477-8</a>. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page523">[pg 523]</span><a name="Pg523" id="Pg523" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Additional Codices of S. Paul's Epistles.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +282. ( = Act. 240. Apoc. 109). Paris, <span class="tei tei-q">“Arménien 9”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> Reg. 2247). +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 323. This bilingual codex (Greek and Armenian) is +described by the Abbé Martin in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction à la Critique Textuelle +du N. T.</span></span> (1883), p. 660-1. See above, p. <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref">474</a>, note 1. An Italian +version is added from the Cath. Epp. onwards. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> at beginning +(Acts iv. 14) and end. (For its extraordinary reading at 1 Tim. iii. 16, +see above, p. <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref">473-4</a>.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +283. ( = Act. 241). Messina <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">p k z</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> 127) [xii.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 224. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> +begins at Acts viii. 2,—ends at Hebr. viii. 2; also a leaf is lost between +foll. 90 and 91. Has ὑποθθ. and Commentary of an unknown author. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +284. ( = Act. 195). Modena, ii. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. 13 [xiii.?], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> at the end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +285. ( = Act. 196), Modena, ii. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>f. 4 [xi. or xii.]. Sig. Ant. Cappelli (sub-librarian) +sends me a tracing of 1 Tim. iii. 16. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +286. Ambrosian library, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">e.</span></span> 2, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span>the Catena of Nicetas. <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus particulatim +præmittit Commentariis.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +287. Ambrosian <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> 241, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“est Catena ejusdem auctoris ex initio, sed non +complectitur totum opus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +288. Ambrosian <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d.</span></span> 541 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span> [x. or xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> Text and Catena on all +S. Paul's Epp. <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus continuatus. Catena in marginibus.”</span> It was +brought from Thessaly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +289. Milan <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c.</span></span> 295 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span> [x. or xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> with a Catena. <span class="tei tei-q">“Textus continuatus. +Catena in marginibus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +290. ( = Evan. 622. Act. 242. Apoc. 110). Crypta Ferrata, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> α. i. +[xiii. or xiv.] foll. 386: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> a beautiful codex of the entire N. T. +described by Rocchi, p. 1-2. Menolog. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> 1 Nov. to 16 Dec. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +291. ( = Act. 243). Crypta Ferrata, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> β. i. [x.] foll. 139: in two columns,—letters +almost uncial. Particularly described by Rocchi, pp. 15, 16. +Zacagni used this codex when writing about Euthalius. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span>, beginning +with the argument for 1 S. John and ending with 2 Tim. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +†292. ( = Act. 244). Crypta Ferrata, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> β. iii. [xi. or xii.]. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Membr.</span></span>, foll. 172. +in 2 columns beautifully illuminated: described by Rocchi, p. 18-9. +Zacagni employed this codex while treating of Euthalius. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Menolog.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +293. ( = Act. 245). Crypta Ferrata, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> β. vi. [xi.], foll. 193. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> at the end, +Described by Rocchi, p. 22-3. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +294. ( = Act. 246). Vat. 1208. Abbate Cozzi-Luzi confirms Berriman's +account [p. 98-9] of the splendour of this codex. It is written in gold +letters, and is said to have belonged to Carlotta, Queen of Jerusalem, +Cyprus, and Armenia, who died at Rome <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1487, and probably gave +the book to Pope Innocent VIII., whose arms are printed at the +beginning. It contains effigies of S. Luke, S. James, S. Peter, S. John, +S. Jude, S. Paul. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +295. ( = Act 247). Palatino-Vat. 38 [xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 35. Berriman (p. 100) +says it is of quarto size, and refers it to the IXth cent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +296. Barberini iv. 85 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 19), dated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1324. For my knowledge of this +codex I am entirely indebted to Berriman, who says that it contains +<span class="tei tei-q">“the arguments and marginal scholia written”</span> (p. 102). +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page524">[pg 524]</span><a name="Pg524" id="Pg524" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +297. Barberini, vi. 13 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 229), <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xi.] foll. 195: contains S. Paul's +14 Epp. This codex also was known to Berriman, who relates (p. 102), +that it is furnished <span class="tei tei-q">“with the old marginal scholia.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +298. (= Act. 248), Berlin (Hamilton: N<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">o</span></span> 625 in the English printed +catalogue, where it is erroneously described as a <span class="tei tei-q">“Lectionarium.”</span>) It +contains Acts, Cath. Epp. and S. Paul,—as Dr. C. de Boor informs me. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +299. (= Act. 249), Berlin, 4to. 40 [xiii.]: same contents as the preceding. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +300. (= Act. 250), Berlin, 4to. 43 [xi.], same contents as the preceding, but +commences with the Psalms. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +301. (= Act. 251), Berlin, 4to. 57 [xiv.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> Same contents as Paul 298. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +302. (= Evan. 642. Act. 252.) Berlin, 8vo. 9 [xi.], probably once contained +all the N. T. It now begins with S. Luke XXIV. 53, and is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> after +1 Thess. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +303. Milan, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">n.</span></span> 272 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Excerpti loci.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +304. (= Act. 253) Vat. 369 [xiv.] foll. 226, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +305. Vat. 549, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xii.] foll. 380. S. Paul's Epistles, with Theophylact's +Commentary. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +306. Vat. 550, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xii.] foll. 290; contains Romans with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +307. Vat 551, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [x.] foll. 283. A large codex, containing some of +S. Paul's Epp. with Comm. of Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +308. Vat. 552, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xi.] foll. 155. Contains Hebrews with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +309. Vat. 582, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xiv.] foll. 146. S. Paul's Epistles with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +310. Vat. 646 [xiv.], foll. 250: <span class="tei tei-q">“cum supplementis.”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chart.</span></span> S. Paul's Epp. +with Comm. of Theophylact and Euthymius. Pars <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">i.</span></span> et <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">ii.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +311. (= Evan. 671). Vat. 647. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chart.</span></span> foll. 338 [xv.]. S. Paul's Epistles and +the Gospels, with Theophylact's Commentary. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +312. Vat. 648, written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1232, at Jerusalem, by Simeon, <span class="tei tei-q">“qui et Saba +dicitur:”</span> foll. 338, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> S. Paul's Epistles, with Comm. of Theophylact. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +313. (= Act. 239). Vat. 652, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> [xv.] foll. 105. The Acts and Epistles +with Commentary. See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> to Theophylact, ed. 1758, vol. iii. +p. v.-viii., also <span class="tei tei-q">“Acts 239”</span> in Scrivener's 3rd. edit. (p. 263). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +314. Vat. 692, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xii.] foll. 93, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, +with Commentary. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +315. Vat. 1222, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> [xvi.] foll. 437. S. Paul's Epp. with Theophylact's +Comm. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +316. (= Act. 255). Vat. 1654, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [x. or xi.], foll. 211. Acts and +Epistles of S. Paul with Chrysostom's Comm. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +317. Vat. 1656, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xii.], foll. 182. Hebrews with Comm. of Chrysostom, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">folio</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +318. Vat. 1659, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xi.] foll. 444. S. Paul's Epp. with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +319. Vat. 1971 (Basil 10) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [x.] foll. 247. Ἐπιστολαὶ τῶν ἀποστόλων σὺν +τοῖς τοῦ Εὐθαλίου. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +320. Vat. 2055 (Basil 94), <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [x.] foll. 292. S. Paul's Epp. with Comm. +of Chrysostom. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page525">[pg 525]</span><a name="Pg525" id="Pg525" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +321. Vat. 2065 (Basil 104), [x.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 358. Romans with Comm. +of Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +322. (= Act. 256) Vat. 2099 (Basil 138) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 120 [x.]. Note that +though numbered for the Acts, this code only contains ἐπιστολαὶ ιδ᾽ +καὶ καθολικαὶ, σὺν ταῖς σημειώσεσι λειτουργικαῖς περὶ τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐν αἷς +λεκτέαι. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +323. Vat. 2180 [xv.] foll. 294, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> With Comm. of Theophylact. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +324. Alexand. Vat. 4 [x.] foll. 256, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Optimæ notæ.”</span> Romans with +Comm. of Chrysostom, λογ. κβ᾽. <span class="tei tei-q">“Fuit monasterii dicti τοῦ Περιβλέπτου.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +325. (= Evan. 698. Apoc. 117). Alexand. Vat. 6. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 336 [xvi.], a +large codex. The Gospels with Comm. of Nicetas: S. Paul's Epp. +with Comm. of Theophylact: Apocalypse with an anonymous Comm. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +326. Vat. Ottob. 74 [xv.] foll. 291, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> Romans with Theodoret's Comm. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +327. Palatino-Vat. 10 [x.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 268. S. Paul's Epp. with a Patristic +Commentary. <span class="tei tei-q">“Felkman adnotat.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +328. Palatino-Vat. 204 [x.] foll. 181, cum additamentis. With the interpretation +of Œcumenius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +329. Palatino-Vat. 325 [x.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 163, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> Inter alia adest εἰς ἐπιστ. +πρὸς Τιμόθεον ὁμιλεῖαι τινες Χρυσοστόμου. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +330. Palatino-Vat. 423 [xii.], partly <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> Codex miscell. habet ἐπιστολῶν +πρὸς Κολασσαεῖς καὶ Θεσσαλονικεῖς περικοπὰς σὺν τῇ ἑρμηνείᾳ. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +331. Angelic. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">t.</span></span> 8, 6 [xii.] foll. 326. S. Paul's Epp. with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +332. (= Act. 259). Barberini iii. 36 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 22): <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 328 [xi.]. Inter +alia ἐπιτομαὶ κεφαλ. τῶν Πράξεων καὶ ἐπιστολῶν τῶν ἁγ. ἀποστόλων. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +333. (= Act. 260). Barberini iii. 10 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 259) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 296 [xiv.]. +Excerpta ἐκ Πράξ. (f. 152): Ἰακώβου (f. 159): Πέτρου (f. 162): Ἰωάνν. +(f. 165): Ἰούδ. (f. 166): πρὸς Ρωμ. (f. 167): πρὸς Κορ. (f. 179): πρὸς +Κολ. (fol. 189): πρὸς Θεσς. (f. 193): πρὸς Τιμ. α᾽ (def. infin.). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +334. Barb. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">v.</span></span> 38 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 30) [xi.] foll. 219, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> Hebrews with Comm. of +Chrysostom. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +335. Vallicell. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f.</span></span> [xv.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> miscell. Inter alia, εἰς τὰς ἐπιστολὰς τῶν +Ἀποστόλων ἐξηγήσεις τινες. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +336. (= Act. 261), Casanatensis, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g.</span></span> 11, 6.—Note, that though numbered for +<span class="tei tei-q">“Acts,”</span> it contains only the Catholic Epp. and those of S. Paul with a +Catena. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +337. Ottob. 328. [All I know as yet of this and of the next codex is that +Θεός is read in both at 1 Tim. iii. 16]. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +338. Borg. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f.</span></span> vi. 16. [See note on the preceding.] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Additional copies of the </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">“</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Apostolus.</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">”</span></span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +82. Messina ΠΓ (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> 83) foll. 331, 8vo. Perfect. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +83. Crypta Ferrata, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> β. iv. [x.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 139, Praxapostolus. Rocchi +gives an interesting account of this codex, pp. 19-20. It seems to be +an adaptation of the liturgical use of C P. to the requirements of the +Basilian monks in the Calabrian Church. This particular codex is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +in the beginning and at the end. (For its extraordinary reading at +1 Tim. iii. 16, see above, p. <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref">473-4</a>). +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page526">[pg 526]</span><a name="Pg526" id="Pg526" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +84. Crypta Ferrata, Α. β. v. [xi.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 245, a most beautiful codex. +Rocchi describes it carefully, pp. 20-2. At the end of the Menology is +some liturgical matter. <span class="tei tei-q">“Patet Menologium esse merum ἀπόγραφον +alicujus Menologii CPtani, in usum. si velis, forte redacti Ecclesiae +Rossanensis in Calabria.”</span> A suggestive remark follows that from this +source <span class="tei tei-q">“rituum rubricarumque magnum segetem colligi posse, nec non +Commemorationem <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Sanctorum</span></em> mirum sane numerum, quas in aliis +Menologiis vix invenies.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +85. Crypta Ferrata Α. β. vii. [xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 64, Praxapostolus. This +codex and the next exhibit ὅς ἐφανερώθη in 1 Tim. iii. 16. The +Menology is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> after 17 Dec. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +86. Crypta Ferrata Α. β. viii. [xii. or xiii.] fragments of foll. 127. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> +Praxapostolus. (See the preceding.) Interestingly described by +Rocchi, p. 23-4. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +87. Crypta Ferrata Α. β. ix. [xii.], foll. 104, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> Praxapostolus. +Interestingly described by Rocchi, p. 24-5. The Menology is unfortunately +defective after 9th November. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +88. Crypta Ferrata, Α. β. x. [xiii.?] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> 16 fragmentary leaves. <span class="tei tei-q">“Vere +lamentanda est quæ huic Eclogadio calamitas evenit”</span> (says the learned +Rocchi, p. 25), <span class="tei tei-q">“quoniam ex ejus residuis, multa Sanctorum nomina +reperies quæ alibi frustra quæsieris.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +89. Crypta Ferrata Α. β. xi. [xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 291, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span>, written in two +columns. The Menology is defective after 12 June, and elsewhere. +Described by Rocchi, p. 26. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +90. (= Evst. 322) Crypta Ferrata, Α. β. ii. [xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 259, with many +excerpts from the Fathers, fully described by Rocchi, p. 17-8, fragmentary +and imperfect. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +91. (= Evst. 323) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. ii. [x.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 155, a singularly +full lectionary. Described by Rocchi, p. 38-40. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +92. (= Evst. 325) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. iv. [xiii.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 257, a +beautiful and interesting codex, <span class="tei tei-q">“Calligrapho Joanne Rossanensi Hieromonacho +Cryptæferratæ”</span>: fully described by Rocchi, p. 40-3. Like +many other in the same collection, it is a palimpsest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +93. (= Evst. 327) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. vi. [xiii.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 37, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +at beginning and end, and otherwise much injured: described by +Rocchi, p. 45-6. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +94. (= Evst. 328) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. ix. [xii.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 117, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +at beginning and end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +95. (= Evst. 334) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. xx. [xii.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 21, a mere +fragment. (Rocchi, p. 51.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +96. (= Evst. 337) Crypta Ferrata, Α. δ. xxiv. A collection of fragments. +(Rocchi, p. 53.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +97. (= Evst. 339) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. ii. [xi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 151, elaborately +described by Rocchi, p. 244-9. This codex once belonged to +Thomasius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +98. (= Evst. 340) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β iii. [xiv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 201. Goar +used this codex: described by Rocchi, p. 249-51. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +99. (= Evst. 341) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. vi. [xiii. or xiv.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 101: +described by Rocchi, p. 255-7. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page527">[pg 527]</span><a name="Pg527" id="Pg527" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +100. (= Evst. 344) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. ix. [xvi.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 95, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +at beginning and end, and much injured. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +101. (= Evst. 346) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xii. [xiv.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 98, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +at beginning and end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +102. (= Evst. 347) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xiii. [xiii.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 188: written +by John of Rossano, Hieromonachus of Cryptaferrata, described by +Rocchi, p. 265-7. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +103. (= Evst. 349) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xv. [xi. to xiv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 41.—Described +p. <a href="#Pg268" class="tei tei-ref">268-9</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +104. (= Evst. 350) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xvii. [xvi.]. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chart.</span></span> foll. 269. +Described, p. 269-70. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +105. (= Evst. 351), Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xviii. [xiv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 54. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +106. (= Evst. 352) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xix. [xvi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span>, foll. 195, described +p. <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref">271</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +107. (= Evst. 353) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xxiii. [xvii.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 75,—the +work of Basilius Falasca, Hieromonachus, and head of the monastery, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1641,—described p. <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref">273-4</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +108. (= Evst. 354) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xxiv. [xvi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 302,—the +work of Lucas Felix, head of the monastery; described, p. +<a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref">274-5</a>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +109. (= Evst. 356) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xxxviii. [xvii.]. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 91, the +work of <span class="tei tei-q">“Romanus Vasselli”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Michael Lodolinus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +110. (= Evst. 357) Crypta Ferrata, Γ. β. xlii. [xvi.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 344. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +111. (= Evst. 358) Crypta Ferrata, Δ. β. xxii. [xviii.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 77,—described +foll. 365-6. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +112. (= Evst. 312) Messina, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> in 8vo. foll. 60 [xiii.],—<span class="tei tei-q">“fragmentum +parvi momenti.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +113. Syracuse (<span class="tei tei-q">“Seminario”</span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 219, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> given by the Cav. Landolina. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +114. (= Evan. 155) Alex. Vat. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +115. [I have led Scrivener into error by assigning this number (Apost. 115) +to <span class="tei tei-q">“Vat. 2068 (Basil 107).”</span> See above, p. <a href="#Pg495" class="tei tei-ref">495</a>, note 1. I did not +advert to the fact that <span class="tei tei-q">“Basil 107”</span> had <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">already</span></em> been numbered <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. +49.”</span>] +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +116. Vat. 368 (Praxapostolus) [xiii.] foll. 136, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +117. (= Evst. 381) Vat. 774 [xiii.], foll. 160, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +118. (= Evst. 387) Vat. 2012 (Basil 51), foll. 211 [xv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +119. Vat. 2116 (Basil 155) [xiii.] foll. 111. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +120. Alexand. Vat. 11 (Praxapostolus), [xiv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 169. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +121. (= Evst. 395) Alexand. Vat. 59 [xii.] foll. 137. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +122. Alexand. Vat. 70, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1544, foll. 18: <span class="tei tei-q">“in fronte pronunciatio Græca +Latinis literis descripta.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +123. (= Evst. 400) Palatino-Vat. 241 [xv.] <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 149. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +124. (= Evst. 410) Barb. iii. 129 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 234) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> [xiv.] foll. 189. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +125. Barb. iv. 11 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 193), <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1566, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 158, Praxapostolus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +126. Barb. iv. 60 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 116) [xi.] foll. 322, a fine codex with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">menologium</span></span>. +Praxapostolus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +127. Barb. iv. 84 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 117) [xiii.] foll. 185, with menologium. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mut.</span></span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page528">[pg 528]</span><a name="Pg528" id="Pg528" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +128. Paris, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reg. Greek</span></span>, 13, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> [xiii. or xiv.], a huge folio of Liturgical +Miscellanies, consisting of between 6 and 900 unnumbered leaves. (At +the σαββ. πρὸ των φωτων, line 11, θς ἐφα.) Communicated by the +Abbé Martin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Postscript</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Nov</span></span>. 1883.) +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It will be found stated at p. <a href="#Pg495" class="tei tei-ref">495</a> (line 10 from the bottom) +that the Codices (of <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost.”</span>) which exhibit Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη amount in all to 289. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From this sum (for the reason already assigned above), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one</span></em> +must be deducted, viz., <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 115.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +On the other hand, 8 copies of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Paul</span></span>”</span> (communicated by the +Abbate Cozza-Luzi) are to be added: viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vat.</span></span> 646 (Paul 310): +647 (Paul 311): 1971 (Paul 319). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palat. Vat.</span></span> 10 (Paul 327): +204 (Paul 328). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Casanat.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>. 11, 16 (Paul 336). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ottob.</span></span> 328 +(Paul 337). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Borg.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span>. vi. 16 (Paul 338). So that no less than +260 out of 262 cursive copies of St. Paul's Epistle,—[not 252 out +of 254, as stated in p. <a href="#Pg495" class="tei tei-ref">495</a> (line 21 from the bottom)],—are found +to witness to the Reading here contended for. The enumeration +of Codices at page <a href="#Pg494" class="tei tei-ref">494</a> is therefore to be continued as +follows:—310, 311, 319, 327, 328, 336, 337, 338. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +To the foregoing are also to be added 4 copies of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Apostolus</span></span>,”</span> viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vat.</span></span> 2116 (Apost. 119). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Palat. Vat.</span></span> 241 +(Apost. 123). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Barb.</span></span> iv. 11 [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">olim</span></span> 193] (Apost. 125). Paris, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reg. Gr.</span></span> 13 (Apost. 128). +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +From all which, it appears that, (including copies of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolus,”</span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the codices which are known to witness to</span></span> +ΘΕῸΣ ἘΦΑΝΕΡΏΘΗ <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">in</span></span> 1 Tim. iii. 16, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">amount</span></span> [289-1+8+4] +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">to exactly three hundred</span></span>. +</p> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page529">[pg 529]</span><a name="Pg529" id="Pg529" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc15" id="toc15"></a> +<a name="pdf16" id="pdf16"></a> +<a name="Index-I" id="Index-I" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Index I, of Texts of Scripture,—quoted, discussed, or only referred to in +this volume.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Note, that an asterisk (*) distinguishes references to +the Greek Text from references to the English Translation. [Where +either the Reading of the Original, or the English Translation is +largely discussed, the sign is doubled (** or ++).] +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Genesis ii. 4, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 7, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 1, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 14, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Exodus x. 21-23, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Leviticus iv. 3, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Deut. xxxiv. 1-12, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Judges iv. 13, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 Sam. vii. 2, 3, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Kings viii. 17, 18, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Chron. xvii. 1, 2, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 Chron. xxiv. 8, 10, 11, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Job xxxviii. 2, <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">235</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Psalms xxxiii. 18, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xlv. 6, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">lxxxiii. 9, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Isaiah xiv. 15, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">56</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">lvii. 15, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">liii. 9, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jeremiah xv. 9, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Amos viii. 9, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Zecharia xi. 12, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Apocrypha—Baruch iii. 38 [or 37] <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. Matt. i. (genealogy), <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">1, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119-21+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, 7, 10, 12, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119-22+**</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123-4**+</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg416" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">416*</a>, <a href="#Pg417" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">417</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 1, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, 7, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, 12, 13, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a>, <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157+</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 5, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 3, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, 15, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, 20, 21, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 15, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a>, <a href="#Pg358" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">358-61**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">40, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410-1**</a>, <a href="#Pg412" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">412</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 8, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, 14, 15, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page530">[pg 530]</span><a name="Pg530" id="Pg530" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 29, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 4, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 3, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 2, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 18, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 8, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 11, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a>, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54-56**</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 24, 27, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">40, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">43, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">47, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 3, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, 38, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 2, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, 3, 13, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, 22, 23, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71*</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 14, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, 39, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 2, 3, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvii. 15, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91-2**</a>, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206**</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217+</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a>, <a href="#Pg417" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">417</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176*+</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147+</a>, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 6, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92**</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg417" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">417</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix. 17, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xx. 15, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a>, <a href="#Pg512" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">512+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg512" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">512+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxi. 1-3, <a href="#Pg057" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg059" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">59</a>, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxii. 9, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxiii. 35, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxiv. 3, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxv. 18, 27, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">46, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxvi. 3, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149-150++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182+</a>, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">48, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">53, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">69, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">74, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxvii. 34, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">45, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">46, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">49, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33-4*</a>, <a href="#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">50, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">60, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">61, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page531">[pg 531]</span><a name="Pg531" id="Pg531" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxvii. <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxviii. 1, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. Mark i. 1, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132**</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a>, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, 18, 19, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a>, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 1-12, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30-33**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 5, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, 16, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 13, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145+</a>, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 31, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">43, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 11, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a>, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137-8**</a>, <a href="#Pg409" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">409-10**</a>, <a href="#Pg412" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">412*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, 16, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg070" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">70</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66-69**</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg417" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">417</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, 25, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, 32, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 8, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, 35, &c., <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 7, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 9, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg259" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">259*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 1, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, 20, 22, 26, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, 24, 29, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">69-71*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, 46, <a href="#Pg510" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">510</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">49, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 17-31, <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326-31**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217*</a>, <a href="#Pg510" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">510*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, 37, <a href="#Pg512" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">512*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, 46, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 1-6, <a href="#Pg057" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">56-58**</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217*</a>, <a href="#Pg417" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">417</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">58-61**</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a>, <a href="#Pg439" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">439*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 37, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 19, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 3, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200++</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184-5++*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">50, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">65, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">68, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">72, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 8, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71-2**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">47, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 9-20, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36-40**</a>, <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">47-9**</a>, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51*</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281-4*</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a>, <a href="#Pg422" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">422-4**</a>, <a href="#Pg519" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">519*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, 20, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. Luke i. 15, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page532">[pg 532]</span><a name="Pg532" id="Pg532" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">51, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">78, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 9, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41-7**</a>, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340-1**</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a>, <a href="#Pg420" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">420-2**</a>, <a href="#Pg519" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">519*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 3, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 1, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218-219*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403*+</a>, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, 8, 17, 18, 21, 23, 27, 35, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a>, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, 43, <a href="#Pg404" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">404*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg404" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">404*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 2, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, 19, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 1 (δευτ.) <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73-5**</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">1 (ἤσθ.) <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93-4*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">235</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">48, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 7, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 35-44, <a href="#Pg016" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">16-7**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">45-6, <a href="#Pg401" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">401-3**+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">46, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 7, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66-9**</a>, <a href="#Pg405" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">405*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, 8, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a>, <a href="#Pg260" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">260-1*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, 42, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">54-6, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">55, 56, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93*</a>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 1, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg068" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">68</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg054" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">54-6**</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">40, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">41, 42, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116-117*</a> , <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">41 to xi. 11, <a href="#Pg510" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">510*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 2-4, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34-6**</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, 18, 19, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">54, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 2, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">45, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195-6++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 1, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 16, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, 17, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg407" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">407*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg405" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">405*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 3, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvii. 2, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 7, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix. 10, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg406" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">406*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page533">[pg 533]</span><a name="Pg533" id="Pg533" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29-34, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg057" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix., xx., <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94-5**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xx. 1, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg406" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">406*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxi. 24, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxii. 5, 6, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, 20 to xxiv. 53 <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75-7*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, 20, <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">78-9**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">43-4, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79-82**</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281*</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a>, <a href="#Pg340" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">340**</a>, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">60, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">64, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxiii. 8, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, 25, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, reverse of title, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82-5**</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281-3*</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a>, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85-8**</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281-3</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg418" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">418</a>, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">45, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61-5**</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a> <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">55, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88-9**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxiv. 1, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75</a>, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88-9**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96-7**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89-90**</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281-3*</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, 40, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90-1**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">41, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg407" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">407*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">51, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281-3*</a>, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">52, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">53, <a href="#Pg076" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">76</a>, <a href="#Pg261" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">261-2*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. John i. 1, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132*+</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182+</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 3, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132-5**</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a>, <a href="#Pg510" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">510*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 6, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg407" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">407-8**+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 2, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5-6**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, 4, <a href="#Pg282" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">282-3</a>, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 4, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353**</a>, <a href="#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">33, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">51, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">70, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 39, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">53 to viii. 11, <a href="#Pg311" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">311*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 4, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+*</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 14, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220-1**+</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 12, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 3, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184-5*++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139*+</a>, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">41, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">43, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 10, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21-6, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page534">[pg 534]</span><a name="Pg534" id="Pg534" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24-5, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 4, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72-3*+</a>, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, 9, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, 14, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 1, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 13, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">335</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, 17, 19, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, τ <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">32, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvii. 4, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, 6, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, 12, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217-8**+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 1, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix. 16, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">34, 33, <a href="#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">39, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">40, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a>, <a href="#Pg436" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">436</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">41, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">42, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xx. 2, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a>, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">30, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxi. 1, 9, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxi. 12, 15, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, 16, 17, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23-4**</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Acts i. 2, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 22, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">43, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 6, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 1, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, 22, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">24, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 24, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 7, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 13, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">45, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186+</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">46, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 3, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 13, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 11, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a>, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 5, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 7, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page535">[pg 535]</span><a name="Pg535" id="Pg535" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 28, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 9, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 16, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvii. 5, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">31, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150+</a>, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 2, 24, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53-4**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix. <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xx. 28, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353-4*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxi. 37, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxii. 13, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxiii. 1, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxv. 13, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxvi. 28, 29, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151-2*++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxvii. 14, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">37, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51-3**</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxviii. 1, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177-8**+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rom. i. 7, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7-xiii. 1, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 22, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 8, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 5, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 2, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vii. 1, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142-3+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 5., <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208++</a>, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210-4**++</a>, <a href="#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354*</a>, <a href="#Pg412" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">412*</a>, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a>, <a href="#Pg510" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">510</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 2, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 6, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 9, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 4, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 20, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 23, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">25, 26, <a href="#Pg464" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">464</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Cor. i. 27, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 21, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 20, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 6, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 11, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 1, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 8-10, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a>, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii., <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201-2++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> 3, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 7, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">36, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 34, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a>, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">44, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">55, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142+</a>, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 12, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164*</a>, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 Cor. i. 3-7, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"> 4, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 12, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 3, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140*+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 8, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, 19, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 11, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 11, 14, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 7, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219-20**+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 1, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gal. ii. 4, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 1, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 21-31, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196++</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eph. i. 1., <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 13, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 1, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a>, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page536">[pg 536]</span><a name="Pg536" id="Pg536" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 16, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Phil. i. 1, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 6, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg513" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">513*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 16, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 3, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Col. i. 9, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a>, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg497" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">497-8*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 8, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355-6**</a>, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, 23, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 2, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Thess. i. 9, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 15, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 Thess. i. 3, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Tim. ii. 2, <a href="#Pg489" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">489*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg439" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">439*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 1, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13 to iv. 5, <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">476</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98-106***</a>, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a>, <a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">316*</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a>, <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">424-501***</a>, <a href="#Pg515" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">515</a>, <a href="#Pg519" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">519*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 1, 2, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg439" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">439*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 13, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 15, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg344" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">344</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 Tim. i. 13, 28, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 1, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, 25, <a href="#Pg440" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">440*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 6, <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208-9++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 3, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Titus i. 2, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, 3, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, 9, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg439" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">439*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 1, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Philemon, ver. 12, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Heb. i. 1, 2, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 4, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 19, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 8, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 2, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 2, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 24, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">x. 21, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xi. 17, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a>, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, 28, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">26, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">28, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">35, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">38, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xii. 2, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 9, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. James i. 11, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163+</a>, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, 18, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 2, 3, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">16, <a href="#Pg128" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">128+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 3, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">11, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 1, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 16, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 S. Peter i. 5, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page537">[pg 537]</span><a name="Pg537" id="Pg537" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">23, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 2, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 20, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 9, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a>, <a href="#Pg141" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">141+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">2 S. Peter i. 5-7, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174+</a>, <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">400</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 15, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg335" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">335</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 7, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">10, <a href="#Pg355" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">355-6**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">13, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 S. John i. 2, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">3, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ii. 14, <a href="#Pg160" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">160*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">27, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">29, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 4, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">8, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a>, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">9, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">15, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 3, 6, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 1, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">2, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a>, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">4, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">7, <a href="#Pg483" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">483</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">12, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347-50**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">20, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">3 S. John 1, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. Jude 1, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">5, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">6, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">18, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rev. ii. 5, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iii. 2, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">iv. 6, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">v. 12, <a href="#Pg143" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">143+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">vi. 9, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">viii. 13, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ix. 13, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiii. 18, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135-7**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xiv. 6, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">14, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xv. 6, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvi. 17, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172+</a>, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xvii. 1, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200++</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xviii. 21, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">22, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xix. 6, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a>, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">17, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">21, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129+</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">xxii. 18, 19, <a href="#Pg001" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">1</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">19, <a href="#Pg409" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">409</a></div> +</div> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page538">[pg 538]</span><a name="Pg538" id="Pg538" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc17" id="toc17"></a> +<a name="pdf18" id="pdf18"></a> +<a name="Index-II" id="Index-II" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Index II, of Fathers.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Fathers referred to, or else quoted(*), in this volume. For the +chief Editions employed, see the note at p. <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref">121</a>. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Apostt.</span></span> (Syriac), <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Philippi</span></span>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pilati</span></span>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Alcimus Avit., <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ambrosius, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215*</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ammonius, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88*</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Amphilochius, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Combefis]</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ----, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Anaphora Pilati</span></span>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Anastasius Ant., <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Migne]</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">Sin., <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Migne]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Andreas Cret., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Combefis]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Anonymous, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Antiochus mon., <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Migne]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Aphraates, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolical</span></span>, see <a href="#index-constitutiones" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Constitutiones</span></span>.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Archelaus (with Manes), <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Arius, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Athenagoras, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Athanasius, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ——, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">475</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Augustinus, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116*</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Barnabas, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103*</a>, <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">463*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Basilius M., <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210*</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg464" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">464*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Cil., <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Sel., <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Breviarium</span></span>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Capreolus, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cassianus, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> 1611]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cælestinus, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cæsarius, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ——, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Catena</span></span> (Cramer's), <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Chromatius, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-chronicon" id="index-chronicon" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicon Paschale</span></span>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Du Fresne]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Chrysostomus, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg026" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">26</a>, <a href="#Pg027" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">27</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71*</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101*</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151*</a>, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152*</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">457</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ——, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Clemens, Alex., <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208*</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">327</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336*</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Rom, <a href="#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">38*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— —— (Syriac), <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Clementina</span></span>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Labbe et Cossart] <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">passim.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-constitutiones" id="index-constitutiones" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Constitutiones Apostolicæ</span></span>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">463*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cosmas Indicopleustes, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Montfaucon]</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— ep. Maiumæ, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Cramer</span></span>, see <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Catena</span></span>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cyprianus, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page539">[pg 539]</span><a name="Pg539" id="Pg539" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cyrillus Alex., <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a>, <a href="#Pg428" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">428*</a>, <a href="#Pg464" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">464-469**</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Hieros, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151*</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Damascenus, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-johannes" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Johannes.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Damasus, P. <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Dialogus</span></span>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208*</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Didymus, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Diodorus Tars., <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dionysius Alex., <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. —— ——, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg462" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">462*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. —— —— Areop., <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Eastern Bishops at Ephesus collectively</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 431), <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Epiphanius, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ——, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— diac. Catan. [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 787], <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">475</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ephraemus Syrus, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">82*</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215*</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. —— ——, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eulogius, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eusebius Cæs., <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a>, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg086" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">86</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg088" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">88*</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-324**</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— His <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Canons</span></span>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eustathius, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Euthalius, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a>, <a href="#Pg459" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">459-461**</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eutherius, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Euthymius Zig., <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg465" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">465</a>, <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">476*</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Matthæi]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Facundus, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Faustus, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ferrandus, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Fulgentius, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gaudentius, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gelasius Cyzic., <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">100</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg479" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">479</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gennadius, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Germanus CP., <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of Nicodemus</span></span>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gregentius, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gregorius Nazianz., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73*</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101*</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">457</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps —— ——, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Nyssen., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">101*</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208*</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Thaum., <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a>, <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">463*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hegesippus, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hesychius, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hieronymus, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63*</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64*</a>, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73*</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79*</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103*</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123*</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360*</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hilarius, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hippolytus, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">463*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ignatius, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103*</a>, <a href="#Pg463" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">463*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. ——, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-johannes" id="index-johannes" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Johannes Damascenus, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">457</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Thessal., <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Irenæus, <a href="#Pg042" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">42</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64*</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg409" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">409</a>, <a href="#Pg420" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">420</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Isidorus, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg074" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">74</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123*</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jovius mon., <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Julian hæret., <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Julius Africanus, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Justinus Mart., <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">ps. —— ——, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Juvencus, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lactantius, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Leo ep., <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ap.</span></span> Sabatier, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page540">[pg 540]</span><a name="Pg540" id="Pg540" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Leontius Byz., <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Liberatus of Carthage, <a href="#Pg471" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">471-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lucifer Calarit, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Macarius Magnes, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> 1876]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Macedonius, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470-475**</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Malchion, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Marcion, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34</a>, <a href="#Pg035" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">35</a>, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg096" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">96</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Marius Mercator, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Victorinus, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Martinus P., <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Maximus, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Taurin, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Methodius, <a href="#Pg044" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">44</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Combefis]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Modestus Hier., <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nestorius, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nicetas, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nilus mon., <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nonnus, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Novatianus, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Œcumenius, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">476</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Origenes, <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">41</a>, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">58</a>, <a href="#Pg060" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">60</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63**</a>, <a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">64</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122*</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208*</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus imperf.</span></span>, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pacianus, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Palladius, the Arian, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pamphilus Cæs., <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Papias, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Paschale</span></span>, see <a href="#index-chronicon" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicon.</span></span>”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Patricius, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Paulinus, <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Paulus Emes., <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Philastrius, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Philo, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Photius CP., <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Porphyrius, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Proclus CP., <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Prosper, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Salvianus, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sedulius, <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Severianus Gabal., <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Severus Ant., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg089" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">89</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ps. Tatianus, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Moesinger, 1876]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tertullianus, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62*</a>, <a href="#Pg090" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">90*</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208*</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213*</a>, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215*</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Titus Bostr., <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodoretus, <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg055" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">55</a>, <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">79</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">122</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152*</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a>, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a>, <a href="#Pg219" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">219</a>, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodorus Herac., <a href="#Pg084" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">84</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— hæret., <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Mops., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62</a>, <a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">80</a>, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480-482*</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Studita [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Sirmondi], <a href="#Pg475" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">475</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodosius Alex., <a href="#Pg081" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">81</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodotus Ancyr., <a href="#Pg043" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">43</a>, <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Gnosticus, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102*</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theophilus Alex., <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Ant., <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theophylactus, <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">102</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg360" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">360</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a>, <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">476</a> [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> Venet. 1755]</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Victor Antioch., <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">23</a>, <a href="#Pg040" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">40</a>, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66*</a>, <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">132</a>, <a href="#Pg409" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">409</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Victorinus, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg213" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">213</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Victricius, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Vigilius, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Vincentius, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">423</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Zeno, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a></div> +</div> + +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page541">[pg 541]</span><a name="Pg541" id="Pg541" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc19" id="toc19"></a> +<a name="pdf20" id="pdf20"></a> +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Index III, Persons, Places, and Subjects.</span></h1> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">General Index of</span></span> Persons, Places, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> Subjects <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">referred to in this +Volume. But</span></span> Scriptural References <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">are to be sought in</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index I.</span></span>; +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> Patristic References, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span>. 'New Codices' <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">will be found +enumerated in the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-alexandrinus" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Alexandrinus.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">א and <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>: <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-b" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,”</span></a> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> <a href="#index-antiquity" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Antiquity.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">א <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d</span></span>, in conflict, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14</a>, <a href="#Pg016" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">16-7</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30-1</a>, <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">46-7</a>, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75-8</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94-5</a>, <a href="#Pg117" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">117</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a>, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg386" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">386</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Abutor”</span>, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Acacius, Bp. of Melitene, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Accident, <a href="#Pg050" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">50-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Æthiopic, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Version.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀγάπη, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀΐδιος, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">αἰτεῖν, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">αἰών, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">αἰώνιος, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀλάβαστρον, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200-1</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-alexander" id="index-alexander" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Alexander (Dr.), Bp. of Derry, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">107-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Alexandrian”</span> readings, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271-2</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-alexandrinus" id="index-alexandrinus" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Alexandrinus (cod.) (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>), <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-17</a>, <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345-347</a>, <a href="#Pg431" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">431-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀληθινός, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Alford (Dean), <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg498" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">498</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Allocution, <a href="#Pg413" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">413-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Alterations, yet not improvements, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139-143</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ammonius, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Amos (in S. Matt, i.), <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀμφίβληστρον, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Amphilochius, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἄμφοδον, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀναβάς, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀναπεσών, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Anastasius (Imp.), <a href="#Pg472" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">472-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ancient Authority, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ellicott" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ellicott.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ancoratus”</span>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Andrewes, Bp., <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Antioch, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Antiochian,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-syrian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-antiquity" id="index-antiquity" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Antiquity”</span>, <a href="#Pg333" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">333</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀντίστητε, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-anziani" id="index-anziani" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Anziani (Dr.), <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">445</a>, <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-aorist" id="index-aorist" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Aorist, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158-60</a>, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀπελπίζοντες, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀφιέναι, <a href="#Pg193" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">193-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Apolinaris, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Apollonides, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀπολύειν, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀποστολοευαγγέλια, <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">448</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-apostolus" id="index-apostolus" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Apostolus”</span>, <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">446-8</a>, <a href="#Pg476" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">476-8</a>, <a href="#Pg482" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">482</a>, <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491</a>. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Aram (in S. Matt. i.), <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Argument <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" style="text-align: left" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">e silentio</span></span>, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Armenian, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Version</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-article" id="index-article" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Article, the, <a href="#Pg164" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">164-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Articles (Three) in the <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Quarterly Review,”</span> their history <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">ix-xiv</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἄρτος, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀρχαί, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Asaph (in S. Matt. i.), <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Asclepiades, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ask”</span> (αἰτεῖν), <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Assassins”</span>, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Assimilation, <a href="#Pg032" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">32</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65-69</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">——, proofs of, <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἀτενίσαντες, <a href="#Pg129" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">129</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Attraction”</span>, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">αὐληταί, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Authority, (ancient) <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ellicott" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ellicott.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">αὐτός, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page542">[pg 542]</span><a name="Pg542" id="Pg542" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-b" id="index-b" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-vaticanus" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Vaticanus.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-b-and-a" id="index-b-and-a" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א (codd.), sinister resemblance, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12</a>, <a href="#Pg255" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">255-7</a>, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315-20</a>, <a href="#Pg333" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">333</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a>, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a>, <a href="#Pg365" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">365</a>, <a href="#Pg408" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">408</a>, <a href="#Pg410" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">410</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bandinel (Dr.), <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">445</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Baptist”</span> Revisers, <a href="#Pg504" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">504-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Baptismal Renunciation, <a href="#Pg215" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">215</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Basil to Amphilochius, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Basilides, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Beckett, Sir Edmund, <a href="#Pg038" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">38</a>, <a href="#Pg222" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-belsheim" id="index-belsheim" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Belsheim, Dr. J., <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">444</a>, <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a>, <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bengel (J. A.), <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bentley, Dr. R., <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a>, <a href="#Pg499" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">499</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Berlin (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-de-boor" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“De Boor”</span></a>), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a>, <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Berriman, Dr. J., <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg433" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">433</a>, <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">446</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a>, <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">474</a>, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bethesda, <a href="#Pg005" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Beveridge (Bp.), <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Beyer (Dr.), <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-bezae" id="index-bezae" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bezæ, cod. (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>), <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-7</a>, <a href="#Pg077" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">77-9</a>, <a href="#Pg117" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">117</a>, <a href="#Pg264" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">264-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Birch (Andreas), <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Blunders, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a>, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a>;—<a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, &c.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bois (John), <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Bondmaid”</span>, <a href="#Pg196" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">196</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Boon”</span>, <a href="#Pg217" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">217</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Bowls”</span>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Branch”</span>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Broughton (Hugh), <a href="#Pg513" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">513</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Bull (Bp.), <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ephraemi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ephraemi.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Caius (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 175) on the Text, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cambridge, Codex (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see,</span></span> Bezæ.</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“—— Greek Text”</span>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> +<a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Capper (S. Herbert), Esq., <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-cappilli" id="index-cappilli" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cappilli (Sig.), <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Carob tree, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Castan (M.), <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Castiglione, <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Catalogue of Crypta Ferrata, <a href="#Pg447" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">447</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cedron, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-ceriani" id="index-ceriani" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ceriani (Dr.), <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a>, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491-2</a>-3. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-changes" id="index-changes" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Changes (licentious), <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Charity”</span>, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">χωρίον, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Chronicle of Convocation, <a href="#Pg507" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">507</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Church Quarterly</span></span>”</span> (1882), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xvi</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Church Quarterly</span></span>,”</span> (1883), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xvi-xx.</a>, <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv-vii</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Citations, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-fathers" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Fathers.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Clemens, Alex., <a href="#Pg326" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">326-7</a>, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">327-31</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Codd. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>—א—<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>—<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>—<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-17</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269-71</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>, <a href="#Pg438" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">438-43</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Paul 73, <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">444</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— —— 181, <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">444-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— new, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Collation of MSS., <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246-7</a>;</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">with the Received Text, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249-50</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Complutensian, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Conflate readings”</span>, <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258-65</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Conflation”</span> examined, <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">258-65</a>, <a href="#Pg285" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">285</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Congregationalist”</span> Revisers, <a href="#Pg504" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">504-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Conjectural emendation, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Consent of copies (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-fathers" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Fathers”</span></a>), <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">454-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Conversantibus</span></span>”</span>, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cook, (Canon), <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204-5</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a>, <a href="#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a>, <a href="#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372</a>, <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470</a>, <a href="#Pg502" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">502</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cornelius à Lapide, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Corruptions in the N. T., <a href="#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cotelerius, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Coxe (Rev. H. O.), <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a>, <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">445</a>, <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-cozza" id="index-cozza" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cozza-Luzi (Abbate), <a href="#Pg447" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">447</a>, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491-2</a>-3, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cranbrook, Viscount, page <a href="#Pgv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">v-viii</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Creyk (John), <a href="#Pg433" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">433</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Crib”</span>, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">238</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Cross, title on, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Crux criticorum</span></span>, the, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Crypta Ferrata, <a href="#Pg447" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">447</a>, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473-4</a>, <a href="#Pg478" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">478</a>, <a href="#Pg521" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">521</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-bezae" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Bezæ.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">δαιμόνιον, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Darkness, <a href="#Pg062" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">62-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dartige (M.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dated codices, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">δέ, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Deane (Rev. H.), <a href="#Pg450" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">450</a>, <a href="#Pg481" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">481</a>, <a href="#Pg489" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">489</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-de-boor" id="index-de-boor" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">De Boor (Dr. C.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Definite, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-article" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Article</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Delicate distinction, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Demoniacal possession, <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Denis (M.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Derry (Bp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-alexander" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Alexander</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Design, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">56-65</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">δευτερόπρωτον, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page543">[pg 543]</span><a name="Pg543" id="Pg543" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Devil”</span>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">διά, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a>, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173-4</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-upo" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">ὑπό</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dialogue (supposed), <a href="#Pg320" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">320-8</a>, <a href="#Pg328" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">328-42</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Diatessaron, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-tatian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Tatian.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">διδασκαλία, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">διδάσκαλος, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">διδαχή, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">διέρχωμαι, <a href="#Pg407" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">407</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dionysius Alex., <a href="#Pg461" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">461-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Διόσκουροι, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dissertation on 1 Tim. iii. 16 <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxi-iv</a>, <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">424-501</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Divination. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See</span></span> <a href="#index-verifying-faculty" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Verifying faculty.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Doctrine”</span> extirpated, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">δοῦλος, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">δύναμις, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Dublin (Abp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-trench" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Trench</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἤ interrogative, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ebionite Gospel, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ecclesiastical Tradition, <a href="#Pg495" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">495</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eclipse, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Editions of Fathers, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἔγνων, <a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">159</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Egyptian, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Version</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ειδε for ιδε, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">εἰκῆ, <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">359-61</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">εἰπεῖν, <a href="#Pg511" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">511-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">εἶς, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐκλείποντος, <a href="#Pg063" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">63-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἔλαβον, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἑλληνιστί, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-ellicott" id="index-ellicott" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ellicott (Bp. of Gloucester), on the <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“old uncials”</span>, <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">14-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on the A. V., <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Revision”</span> xlii, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226-8</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Marginal Readings”</span>, <a href="#Pg136" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">136-7</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Textus Receptus”</span>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383-8</a>, <a href="#Pg389" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">389-91</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on 1 Tim. iii. 16, <a href="#Pg428" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">428-31</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on 2 Tim. iii. 16, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on Textual Criticism, <a href="#Pg234" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">234</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“innocent Ignorance”</span>, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349-50</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on the Greek Text, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>, <a href="#Pg509" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">509</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Euthalius”</span>, <a href="#Pg460" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">460-1</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his jaunty proposal, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his Pamphlet <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xx-xxii</a>, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">seq.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ellicott, his critical knowledge, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>, <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">376</a>, <a href="#Pg385" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">385</a>, <a href="#Pg430" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">430</a>, <a href="#Pg457" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">457</a>, <a href="#Pg459" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">459-61</a>, <a href="#Pg471" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">471-2</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Dedication</span></span> p. viii</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his requirement anticipated, <a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">371</a>, <a href="#Pg397" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">397</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his method of procedure, <a href="#Pg372" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">372-4</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419-24</a>, <a href="#Pg459" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">459-61</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— method of his Reviewer, <a href="#Pg375" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">375-383</a>, <a href="#Pg496" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">496-7</a>, <a href="#Pg517" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">517</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxiv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiv-vii</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— appeals to <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Modern Opinion</span></span>, instead of to <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancient Authority</span></span>, <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">376-8</a>, <a href="#Pg415" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">415-6</a>, <a href="#Pg438" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">438-9</a>, <a href="#Pg483" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">483-5</a>, <a href="#Pg514" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">514-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— follows Dr. Hort, <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">391-8</a>, <a href="#Pg455" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">455</a>, <a href="#Pg517" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">517-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— complains of Injustice, <a href="#Pg399" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">399</a>, <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">400-13</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— suggested Allocution, <a href="#Pg413" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">413-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his defence of the <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“New Greek Text,”</span> examined <a href="#Pg415" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">415-9</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419-24</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐμβατεύων, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐν, its different renderings, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐν ὀλίγῳ, <a href="#Pg151" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">151-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-english" id="index-english" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">English idiom, <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">154-5</a>, <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158-75</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐφανερώθη, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐφιστάναι, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-ephraemi" id="index-ephraemi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ephraemi cod. (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>), <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-17</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Epileptic”</span>, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐπιπεσών, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Epiphanius, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐπιστᾶσα, <a href="#Pg144" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">144</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἠπόρει [<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> Scrivener, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">ed.</span></span> 3, pp. 581-2], <a href="#Pg066" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">66-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-errors" id="index-errors" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Errors (plain and clear), <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg004" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">4</a>, <a href="#Pg105" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">105</a>, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a>, <a href="#Pg216" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">216</a>, <a href="#Pg222" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">222-3</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">400-1</a>, <a href="#Pg430" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">430</a>, <a href="#Pg496" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">496</a>, <a href="#Pg512" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">512</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-escher" id="index-escher" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Escher (Dr.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐσκοτίσθη, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἔστησαν, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Eternal”</span>, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eternity, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ethiopic, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Version.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eudocia, <a href="#Pg465" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">465</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Euraquilo”</span>, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">εὐρεθήσεται, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Euripides (papyrus of), <a href="#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Euroclydon”</span>, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Euthalius, <a href="#Pg429" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">429</a>, <a href="#Pg460" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">460-1</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page544">[pg 544]</span><a name="Pg544" id="Pg544" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Eutherius, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">εὐθέως, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Euthymius Zigabenus. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Everlasting”</span>, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Evil One”</span>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἐξελθοῦσαν, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἔξοδος, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Exodus, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">External evidence, <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19-20</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span>”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>”</span> (codd.), <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Factor of Genealogy”</span>, <a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">256</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Farrar, Canon (now Archd.), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxv" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xv</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-fathers" id="index-fathers" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Fathers, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a>, <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125-6</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Fell (Bp.), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-field" id="index-field" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Field (Dr.), <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a>, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Florence, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-anziani" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Anziani.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Flute-players, <a href="#Pg148" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">148</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Forstemann (Dr.), <a href="#Pg441" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">441</a>, <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Future sense, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gabelentz and Loebe, <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gandell (Professor), <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gardiani (Sig.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γεγεννημένος, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gelasius of Cyzicus, <a href="#Pg479" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">479</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Genealogical Evidence”</span>, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γένεσις and γέννησις, <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119-22</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γεννηθείς, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γένος, <a href="#Pg142" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">142</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Geographical distribution of Patristic Testimony, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gifford (Dr.), <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γινώσκεις, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gloucester (Bp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ellicott" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ellicott.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">γλωσσόκομον, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> blessed for ever”</span>!, <a href="#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gorresio (Sig.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gospel incident, <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (the Ebionite), <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— of the Hebrews, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gothic, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Version</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Græco-Syrian,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-syrian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Great</span></span> priest”</span>, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Green, Rev. T. S., <a href="#Pg499" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">499</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gregory (Dr. C. R.), <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Gregory Naz., <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Griesbach (J. J.), <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg482" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">482</a>, <a href="#Pg483" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">483</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hall, Bp., <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hammond (Dr.), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Headings of the Chapters, <a href="#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href="#Pg412" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">412</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hellenistic Greek, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182-4</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See</span></span> <a href="#index-septuagint" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Septuagint.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Henderson (Dr.), <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Heracleon, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hermophilus, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Herodotus, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hesychius, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hilary on μύλος ὀνικός, <a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">281</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hincmar, Abp. of Rheims, <a href="#Pg472" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">472</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hoerning (Dr.), <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">'<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Holy Ghost</span></span>', <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-hort" id="index-hort" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hort, Dr., <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>, <a href="#Pg248" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">248</a>, <a href="#Pg394" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">394</a>, (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-westcott-and-hort" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Westcott and Hort</a>).</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— hypothesis and system, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see reverse of Title-page</span></span>.</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— his <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Introduction”</span> analyzed, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246-69</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“strong preference”</span> for codd. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">252</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269-271</a>, <a href="#Pg298" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">298-305</a>, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307-8</a>, <a href="#Pg312" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">312-14</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— mistaken estimate of <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, <a href="#Pg315" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">315-20</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— divining and verifying faculty, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290</a>, <a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— imaginary history of the Traditional Greek Text, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271-88</a>, <a href="#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">296-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— antagonism with Patristic Antiquity, <a href="#Pg283" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">283-5</a>, <a href="#Pg298" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">298-300</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— fatal dilemma, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292-3</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Reiteration, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— ultimate appeal to his own individual mind, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Art of Conjectural Emendation”</span>, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351-7</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— absurd Textual hypothesis, <a href="#Pg293" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">293-4</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— intellectual peculiarity, <a href="#Pg362" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">362</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— method of editing the Greek Text, <a href="#Pg363" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">363</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Text of the N. T., <a href="#Pg364" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">364-5</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— often forsaken by Dr. Westcott, <a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">352</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Hug (J. L.), <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page545">[pg 545]</span><a name="Pg545" id="Pg545" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Huish (Alex.), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Idiom, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-english" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“English.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ἱερεὺς (ὁ μέγας), <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-imperfect" id="index-imperfect" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Imperfect tense, <a href="#Pg161" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">161</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Incident (unsuspected), <a href="#Pg194" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">194-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Independent”</span> Reviewers, <a href="#Pg504" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">504-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Innocent ignorance”</span> of the Reviewer, <a href="#Pg347" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">347-9</a>, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Inspiration, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Instructions,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-revisers" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Revisers.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Instrumentality (ideas of), <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Internal Evidence, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Interpreters, (modern), <a href="#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Intrinsic probability”</span>, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jacobson (Dr. W.) Bp. of Chester, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jechonias (in Matt. i.), <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jerome, <a href="#Pg073" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">73</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a>, <a href="#Pg449" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">449</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span>”</span>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Joanes”</span>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">John (S.) and S. Mark, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Jona (son of), <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Josephus, <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">52</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">καί, <a href="#Pg169" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">169-70</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— its force, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">καὶ πῶς, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Kaye (Bp.) on Clemens Al., <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">κέδρων, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">κενεμβατεύων, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">κεράτια, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Kidron, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Kippax (Rev. John), <a href="#Pg433" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">433</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Kishon, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">κισσῶν, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Knowledge of <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> not limited, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">κράξας, <a href="#Pg071" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">71-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lachmann's Text, <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg242" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">242-3</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380-1</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lagarde (P. A. de), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Analecta Syr.</span></span>, <a href="#Pg481" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">481</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Latin Version, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Laubmann (Dr.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lawrence (Abp.), <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Layers of leaves”</span>, <a href="#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">58-61</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Lecythus”</span>, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lee (Archd.) <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">on Inspiration</span></span>, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208</a>, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">230</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Leontius Byzantinus, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Liberatus of Carthage, <a href="#Pg471" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">471-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Licentious, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-changes" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Changes.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lightfoot (Dr.) Bp. of Durham, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a>, <a href="#Pg498" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">498</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Limitation of our <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span>'s knowledge, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lincoln (Bp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-wordsworth" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Wordsworth</a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">λίθος μυλικός, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lloyd (Bp.) ed. of N. T., <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxvii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xvii-ix</a>, <a href="#Pg016" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">16</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span>'s Prayer, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34-6</a>, <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Love”</span>, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Lucian, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Luke (Gospel according to S.), <a href="#Pg016" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">16</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34-5</a>, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75-91</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">249</a>, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Lunaticus”</span>, <a href="#Pg205" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">205-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Macedonius, <a href="#Pg103" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">103</a>, <a href="#Pg470" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">470-5</a>, <a href="#Pg489" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">489</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Mai (Card.), <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Malan (Dr. S. C.), <a href="#Pg067" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">67</a>, <a href="#Pg120" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">120</a>, <a href="#Pg123" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">123</a>, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg356" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">356</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451</a>, <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Manichæan depravation, <a href="#Pg220" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">220</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Maranatha”</span>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Marcion, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg034" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">34-5</a>, <a href="#Pg061" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">61</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Margin, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3-6</a>, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg115" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">115</a>, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131</a>, <a href="#Pg137" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">137</a>, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175</a>, <a href="#Pg236" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">236-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Marginal References, <a href="#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href="#Pg412" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">412</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Marius Mercator, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Mark (Gospel according to S.), <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">262</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— collation of 15 verses, <a href="#Pg327" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">327-31</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— last Twelve Verses, <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36-7</a>, <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39-40</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Ded.</span></span> vii, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxiii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxiii</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— and S. John, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-martin" id="index-martin" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Martin (Abbé), <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">446</a>, <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">474</a>, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg478" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">478</a>, <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a>, <a href="#Pg528" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">528</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Martin I. (Pope), <a href="#Pg421" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">421</a>, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Massmann (H. F.), <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-matranga" id="index-matranga" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Matranga (Papas Filippo), <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see the</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg522" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">522-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Matthæi (C. F.), <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— —— Scholia, <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">348</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg427" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">427</a>, <a href="#Pg434" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">434</a>, <a href="#Pg465" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">465</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Matthew (S.) chap. i. (Greek), <a href="#Pg119" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">119-24</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— —— (English), <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156-7</a>, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Medial agency, <a href="#Pg173" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">173</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Melita and Melitene, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Menander, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Merivale (Dean), <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">230</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Messina, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-matranga" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Matranga”</span></a>: and p. <a href="#Pg523" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">523</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">μία, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page546">[pg 546]</span><a name="Pg546" id="Pg546" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Middleton (Bp.), <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a>, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Milan (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ceriani" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ceriani”</span></a>), <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a>, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg491" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">491-2</a>-3</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Mill (Dr. John), <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg437" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">437</a>, <a href="#Pg472" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">472</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— on cod. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Dr. W. H.), <a href="#Pg354" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">354</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Milligan (Dr.), <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Miracle”</span>, <a href="#Pg202" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">202-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">μνημεῖον, <a href="#Pg197" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">197-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-moberly" id="index-moberly" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Moberly (Dr.) Bp. of Salisbury, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Modena, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-cappilli" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Cappilli”</span></a>: and p. <a href="#Pg523" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">523</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Modern Interpreters, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— Opinion, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ellicott" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ellicott.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">μονογενὴς Θεύς, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Montfaucon, <a href="#Pg121" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">121</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Moreh”</span>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Morier (Sir Robert), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">μωρέ, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">μύλος ὀνικός, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Mutilation, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">69-93</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Mystical interpretation, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">νάρδου πιστικῆς, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nazareth, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Necessity”</span> of Revision, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, <a href="#Pg150" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">150</a>, <a href="#Pg223" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">223</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Needless changes, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87-8</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224-5</a>; <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224-5</a>, <a href="#Pg399" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">399</a>, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">νεκροὺς ἐγείρετε, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nemesis of superstition, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Netser”</span>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Neutral”</span> readings, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271-2</a>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“New English Version”</span>, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“New Greek Text”</span>, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Newth (Dr.), <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37-9</a>, <a href="#Pg109" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">109</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a>, <a href="#Pg502" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">502</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Newton (Sir Isaac), <a href="#Pg426" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">426</a>, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nilus Rossanensis, <a href="#Pg447" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">447</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nineteen changes in 34 words, <a href="#Pg401" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">401</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nominative repeated, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Non-Alexandrian”</span> readings, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Non-Alexandrian Pre-Syrian”</span>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Nonsensical rendering, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Non-Western”</span>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Notes in the margin, <a href="#Pg175" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">175</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Numerals in MSS., <a href="#Pg052" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">52-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Number of the Beast”</span>, <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὁ ὤν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, <a href="#Pg133" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">133</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Occupation (Right of), <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199-206</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ωδε, <a href="#Pg139" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">139</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Olivet”</span>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ollivant (Bp.), <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Omission, intentional, <a href="#Pg069" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">69-93</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὄνος, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Or”</span> not meant by ἤ, <a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">168-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Opinion, (modern) <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ellicott" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ellicott.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Origen, as a textual critic, <a href="#Pg292" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">292</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὅς, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὅς and θεός, in MSS., <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99-105</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὅτι for ὅτε, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium Norvicense</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-field" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Field.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">οὕτως, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">παιδίσκη, <a href="#Pg195" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">195-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πάλιν, <a href="#Pg057" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Palmer (Archd.), <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Papyrus, <a href="#Pg321" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">321-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">παραδῷ, <a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">178</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">παράκλησις, <a href="#Pg190" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">190</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Paralytic borne of four, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30-3</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Paris cod., <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-ephraemi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ephraemi.”</span></a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">——, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-wescher" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Wescher,”</span></a> <a href="#index-martin" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Martin.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Parquoi (M.), <a href="#Pg437" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">437</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Particles (Greek), <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πᾶσα γραφή, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πάσχα, τὸ, <a href="#Pg353" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">353</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Paul <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“17,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“73,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“181”</span>, <a href="#Pg443" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">443-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (S.), Codd., <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493-4</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— New Codd., <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pearson (Bp.), <a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">212</a>, <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg471" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">471</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Peckover (Alex.), Esq., <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Penerino (Sig.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-perfect" id="index-perfect" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Perfect (English), <a href="#Pg158" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">158-60</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Greek), <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">περίχωρος, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Perowne, (Dean), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Perverted sense, <a href="#Pg218" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">218-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Phaseolus vulgaris</span></span>”</span>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Phavorinus, <a href="#Pg140" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">140</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Photius, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">φιάλη, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Pistic nard”</span>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Plain and clear,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-errors" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Errors.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πλεῖστος ὄχλος, <a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">145</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-pluperfect" id="index-pluperfect" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pluperfect sense of Aorist, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Ponderari debent testes</span></span>, <a href="#Pg455" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">455</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πονηροῦ, (ἀπὸ τοῦ), <a href="#Pg214" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">214-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Possession (Demoniacal), <a href="#Pg206" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">206</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page547">[pg 547]</span><a name="Pg547" id="Pg547" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Possession (right of), <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199-206</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Powles (Rev. R. Cowley), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a>, <a href="#Pg322" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">322</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Praxapostolus,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-apostolus" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Apostolus.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Pre-Syrian”</span>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Pre-Syrian Non-Western”</span>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Preface of 1611, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187-91</a>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198-9</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— 1881, <a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">189</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Preponderating evidence, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411</a>, <a href="#Pg496" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">496</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Prepositions, <a href="#Pg170" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">170-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-present" id="index-present" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Present”</span> (Greek), sometimes a Future, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163-4</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— sense of <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“perfect”</span>, <a href="#Pg163" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">163</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Principle of translation, mistaken, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187-96</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Principles of Textual Criticism”</span>, <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125-6</a>, <a href="#Pg227" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">227</a>, <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">349-50</a>, <a href="#Pg374" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">374-5</a>, <a href="#Pg411" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">411</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Probability, <a href="#Pg497" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">497</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Proper names in S. Matt. i. <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Proud-in-the-imagination-of-their-hearts”</span>, <a href="#Pg172" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">172</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Provision (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>'s) for the safety of His Word, <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">338</a>, <a href="#Pg494" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">494</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">προέφθασεν, <a href="#Pg146" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">146</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pronouns, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">πρώτη, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pulcheria, <a href="#Pg465" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">465</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pusey (P. E.), <a href="#Pg345" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">345</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg449" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">449</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pyramus and Thisbe, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Pyramid poised on its apex, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>”</span>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">ix-xiv</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Quia</span></span>, <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">448</a>, <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">473</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Quod</span></span> (in 1 Tim. iii. 16), <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">448</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Quotations, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-fathers" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Fathers.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Randell (Rev. T.), <a href="#Pg481" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">481</a>, <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ravine”</span>, <a href="#Pg181" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">181</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Readings,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-various" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Various.”</span></a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— before <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Renderings”</span>, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Received Text, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-textus" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Textus.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Recension (imaginary), <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271-88</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Reiche (J. G.), <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380-1</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Reiteration not Proof, <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rendering of the same word, <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152-4</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187-202</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Result of acquaintance with documents, <a href="#Pg337" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">337</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rettig (H. C. M.), <a href="#Pg442" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">442</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Revised Version,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-revision" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Revision.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-revisers" id="index-revisers" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Revisers exceeded their Instructions:—</div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">(1) In respect of the English, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127-30</a>, <a href="#Pg155" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">155-7</a>, <a href="#Pg225" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">225-6</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a>, <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">400-3</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">(2) In respect of the Greek, <a href="#Pg057" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">57-8</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118-26</a>, <a href="#Pg224" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">224</a>, <a href="#Pg399" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">399</a>, <a href="#Pg403" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">403-6</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Revising body (composition of), <a href="#Pg504" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">504-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-revision" id="index-revision" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Revision, original Resolution and Rules concerning, <a href="#Pg003" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">3</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg114" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">114</a>, <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">127</a>, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— of 1611, <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>, <a href="#Pg508" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">508-14</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— of 1881, how it was conducted, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg117" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">117-8</a>, <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">369</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— unfair in its method, <a href="#Pg116" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">116</a>, <a href="#Pg131" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">131-8</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— essentially different from that of 1611, <a href="#Pg508" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">508-14</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— rests on a foundation of sand, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>, <a href="#Pg516" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">516</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— incapable of being further revised, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">107</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— its case hopeless, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226-7</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— characterized, <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">238</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— its probable fate, <a href="#Pg508" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">508-14</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— unfavourable to Orthodoxy, <a href="#Pg513" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">513</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— interesting specimens, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>, <a href="#Pg401" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">401</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rhythm in translation, <a href="#Pg188" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">188</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rieu (Dr.), <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Right of possession, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Ring of genuineness”</span>, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307</a>, <a href="#Pg309" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">309-12</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Roberts (Dr.), <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">36</a>, <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">39-40</a>, <a href="#Pg048" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">48</a>, <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">98</a>, <a href="#Pg230" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">230</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rocchi (Hieromonachus), <a href="#Pg447" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">447-8</a>, <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">474</a>, <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see the</span></span> <a href="#Appendix" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rogers, the poet, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Romans ix. 5, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rome, (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See</span></span> <a href="#index-cozza" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Cozza Luzi,”</span></a> <a href="#index-escher" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Escher”</span></a>), <a href="#Pg521" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">521</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rose, (Rev. W. F.), of Worle, Somersetshire, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Rouser (Professor), <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Routh (President), <a href="#Pg152" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">152</a>, <a href="#Pg211" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">211</a>, <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">444</a>, <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a>, <a href="#Pg501" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">501</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sachau, <a href="#Pg481" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">481</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">S. Andrews (Bp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-wordsworth" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Wordsworth.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Salisbury (Bp. of), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-moberly" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Moberly.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page548">[pg 548]</span><a name="Pg548" id="Pg548" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Samaria, (woman of), <a href="#Pg407" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">407-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sanday, (Dr.), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xvi</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Saville (Prof.), <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Scholium misunderstood, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a>, <a href="#Pg468" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">468</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Scholz (Dr.), <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg445" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">445</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Scott (Sir Gilbert), <a href="#Pg306" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">306</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Scripture, God's provision for its safety <a href="#Pg008" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">8</a>, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg338" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">338</a>, <a href="#Pg494" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">494</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— depraved by heretics, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Scrivener (Prebendary), <a href="#Pg013" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">13</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30</a>, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg108" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">108</a>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg231" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">231</a>, <a href="#Pg237" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">237-8</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">317</a>, <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a>, <a href="#Pg405" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">405</a>, <a href="#Pg431" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">431</a>, <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">474</a>, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a>, <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a>, <a href="#Pg502" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">502-3</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see back of Title.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-septuagint" id="index-septuagint" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Septuagint, <a href="#Pg182" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">182</a>, <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Sepulchre,”</span> the Holy, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σημεῖον, <a href="#Pg203" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">203-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σικάριοι, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sieber (M.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σίκερα, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sinaiticus, cod. (א), <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-17</a>, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a>, <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>,,<a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314-5</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325-6</a>, <a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">343-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Sixteen places, <a href="#Pg415" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">415-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Smith (Dr. Vance), <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174</a>, <a href="#Pg204" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">204-5</a>, <a href="#Pg503" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">503-8</a>, <a href="#Pg513" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">513</a>, <a href="#Pg515" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">515</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Socinian gloss, <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">210-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Solvere ambulando</span></span>”</span>, <a href="#Pg126" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">126</a>, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σπεκουλάτωρ, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Spelling of proper names, <a href="#Pg186" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">186-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σπλάγχνα, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">σπυρίς, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a>, <a href="#Pg180" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">180</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Stanley (Dean), <a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">135</a>, <a href="#Pg507" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">507</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Stillingfleet (Bp.), <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">στιβάς and στοιβάδες, <a href="#Pg058" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">58-60</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">συντρίψασα, <a href="#Pg185" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">185</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">συστρεφομένων, <a href="#Pg176" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">176-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Syndics of Cambridge Press, <a href="#Pgxxx" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxx-i</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Syracuse, <a href="#Pg494" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">494</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Syriac Version, <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-syrian" id="index-syrian" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Antiochian,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Græco-Syrian,”</span>—Dr. Hort's designations of the Traditional Greek Text <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">257-65</a>, <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">269</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— its assumed origin, <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">272-88</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— and history, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290-1</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— characterized, <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">87</a>, <a href="#Pg288" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">288-290</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">τάφος, <a href="#Pg298" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">298</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-tatian" id="index-tatian" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tatian (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.) <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a>, <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">336</a>, <a href="#Pg350" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">350</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Teaching”</span>, <a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">199</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">τέκνον, <a href="#Pg153" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">153</a>, <a href="#Pg179" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">179</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">τέλος, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tenses, <a href="#Pg157" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">157-64</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-aorist" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Aorist,”</span></a> <a href="#index-imperfect" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Imperfect,”</span></a> <a href="#index-perfect" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Perfect,”</span></a> <a href="#index-pluperfect" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Pluperfect,”</span></a> <a href="#index-present" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Present.”</span></a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— unidiomatically rendered, <a href="#Pg402" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">402</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Test-places (three), <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">47</a>, <a href="#Pg519" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">519</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Text to be determined by external evidence, <a href="#Pg019" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">19-20</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— provision for its security, <a href="#Pg010" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">10</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Received), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-textus" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Textus Receptus”</span></a> and <a href="#index-syrian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Texts, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-I" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index</span></span> I.</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-textus" id="index-textus" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">'Textus Receptus', <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12-3</a>, <a href="#Pg017" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">17-8</a>, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">107</a>, <a href="#Pg118" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">118</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Bp. Ellicott on), <a href="#Pg388" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">388</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— needs correction <a href="#Pg021" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">21</a>, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">107</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-syrian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian,”</span></a> <a href="#index-traditional" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Traditional.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodore of Mopsuestia, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#Index-II" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Index II</span></span></a>.</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theodotus, the Gnostic, <a href="#Pg323" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">323-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Theophilus, Bp. of Antioch, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">θεόπνευστος, <a href="#Pg208" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">208-9</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-theos" id="index-theos" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Θεός and ὅς in MSS., <a href="#Pg099" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">99-105</a>, <a href="#Pg425" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">425-6</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— , not ὅς, to be read in 1 Tim. iii. 16, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxi-iv</a>, <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">424-501</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Thierry (M.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Thirty changes in 38 words, <a href="#Pg171" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">171</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">1 Timothy iii. 16. <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See</span></span> <a href="#index-theos" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">Θεός</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tischendorf (Dr.) <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22-4</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243-4</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270-1</a>, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg437" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">437-8</a>, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451</a>, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Title on the Cross, <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">85-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Titus Justus”</span>, <a href="#Pg053" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">53-4</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Tomb”</span>, <a href="#Pg198" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">198</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tradition (Ecclesiastical), <a href="#Pg495" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">495</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-traditional" id="index-traditional" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Traditional Text departed from 6000 times, <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">107</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-syrian" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian.”</span></a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— meaning of S. Mark xiii. 32, <a href="#Pg209" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">209-10</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Transcriptional probability”</span>, <a href="#Pg251" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">251-2</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Translators of 1611, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187-91</a>, <a href="#Pg207" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">207</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— of 1881, mistaken principle of <a href="#Pg138" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">138</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187-96</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Transposition, <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">93-7</a></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page549">[pg 549]</span><a name="Pg549" id="Pg549" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tregelles (Dr.), <a href="#Pg022" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">22</a>, <a href="#Pg045" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">45</a>, <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">243</a>, <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg270" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">270</a>, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg431" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">431</a>, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451</a>, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a>, <a href="#Pg498" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">498</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-trench" id="index-trench" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Trench (Abp.), xlii, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Trinitarian doctrine, <a href="#Pg174" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">174-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">True Text, (only safe way of ascertaining), <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339-42</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tusculum, <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">446</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Tyndale (William), <a href="#Pg167" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">167</a>, <a href="#Pg191" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">191</a>, <a href="#Pg192" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">192</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Uncials (depravity of the old), <a href="#Pg012" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">12-17</a>, <a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">30-5</a>, <a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">46-7</a>, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">75-6</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Uniformity of rendering, <a href="#Pg166" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">166</a>, <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">187</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Unitarian”</span> Reviser, intolerable, <a href="#Pg503" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">503-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-upo" id="index-upo" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὑπό and διά, <a href="#Pg156" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">156</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ὑποτύπωσις, <a href="#Pg351" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">351</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Uppström (Andr.), <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Upsala, <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">444</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-belsheim" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Belsheim.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Ussher (Abp.), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a>, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a>, <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Valckenaer, <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">228</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Valentinus, <a href="#Pg029" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">29</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-various" id="index-various" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Various Readings, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49-50</a>, <a href="#Pg056" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">56</a>, <a href="#Pg065" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">65</a>, <a href="#Pg130" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">130-1</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-vaticanus" id="index-vaticanus" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Vaticanus, codex (<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>), <a href="#Pg011" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">11-17</a>, <a href="#Pg265" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">265</a>, <a href="#Pg273" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">273</a>, <a href="#Pg286" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">286</a>, <a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">289</a>, <a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">291</a>, <a href="#Pg314" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">314-5</a>, <a href="#Pg325" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">325</a>, <a href="#Pg342" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">342-5</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-b-and-a" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“<span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Veludo (Sig.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Vercellone (C.), <a href="#Pg381" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">381</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-verifying-faculty" id="index-verifying-faculty" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Verifying faculty, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95-6</a>, <a href="#Pg109" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">109</a>, <a href="#Pg253" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">253</a>, <a href="#Pg290" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">290-1</a>, <a href="#Pg307" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">307-8</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-version" id="index-version" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Version (Authorized), <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112-4</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (old Latin), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">448</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Vulgate), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg419" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">419</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Peschito), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg449" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">449-50</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Harkleian), <a href="#Pg450" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">450</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Coptic), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451-2</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Sahidic), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg451" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">451-2</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Gothic), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">452-3</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Armenian), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Æthiopic), <a href="#Pg009" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">9</a>, <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Georgian), <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">454</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Arabic), <a href="#Pg453" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">453-4</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Slavonian), <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">454</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Vials”</span>, <a href="#Pg200" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">200</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Von Heinemann (Dr.), <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">493</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Vulgate, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-version" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Version.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">W. (M.), <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxxviii" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxviii</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Walton (Bp. Brian), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Waterland (Dr.), <a href="#Pg500" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">500</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Way (only safe) of ascertaining the True Test, <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">339-42</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Weber (M.), <a href="#Pg437" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">437</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-wescher" id="index-wescher" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wescher (M.), <a href="#Pg492" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">492</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Wesleyan Methodist”</span> Revisers, <a href="#Pg504" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">504-5</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">West the painter, <a href="#Pg162" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">162</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Westcott (Dr.), xlii, <a href="#Pg124" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">124</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">see</span></span> <a href="#index-hort" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Hort.”</span></a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-westcott-and-hort" id="index-westcott-and-hort" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Westcott and Hort (Drs.), <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">24-9</a>, <a href="#Pg033" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">33</a>, <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">49</a>, <a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">51</a>, <a href="#Pg072" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">72</a>, <a href="#Pg083" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">83</a>, <a href="#Pg091" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">91</a>, <a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">92</a>, <a href="#Pg094" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">94</a>, <a href="#Pg095" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">95</a>, <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">97</a>, <a href="#Pg110" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">110</a>, <a href="#Pg114" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">114</a>, <a href="#Pg125" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">125</a>, <a href="#Pg134" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">134-5</a>, <a href="#Pg177" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">177</a>, <a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">239-41</a>, <a href="#Pg245" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">245</a>, <a href="#Pg247" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">247</a>, <a href="#Pg370" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">370</a>, <a href="#Pg380" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">380</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg499" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">499</a>, <a href="#Pg502" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">502</a>, <a href="#Pg518" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">518-9</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">See reverse of Title-page, and Pref.</span></span> <a href="#Pgxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xi-iv</a>, <a href="#Pgxxvi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxvi-viii</a>, <a href="#Pgxxxi" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">xxxi</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Western,”</span>, <a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">357</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— readings, <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">271-2</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— and <span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Syrian”</span>, <a href="#Pg361" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">361</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left">“Westminster Abbey scandal”</span>, <a href="#Pg507" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">507</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wetstein (J. J.), <a href="#Pg246" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">246</a>, <a href="#Pg383" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">383</a>, <a href="#Pg426" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">426</a>, <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">456</a>, <a href="#Pg467" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">467</a>, <a href="#Pg469" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">469</a>, <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">480</a>, <a href="#Pg497" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">497</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wilberforce (Bp.), <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229</a>, <a href="#Pg415" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">415</a>, <a href="#Pg505" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">505</a>, <a href="#Pg507" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">507</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Woide (C. G.), <a href="#Pg434" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">434-7</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wolfii <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Anecd. Græca</span></span>, <a href="#Pg458" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">458</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wood (C. F. B.), <a href="#Pg183" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">183</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Word, incarnate and written, <a href="#Pg334" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">334-5</a>, <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">390-1</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<a name="index-wordsworth" id="index-wordsworth" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wordsworth (Dr. Charles), Bp. of S. Andrews, <a href="#Pg106" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">106</a>, <a href="#Pg165" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">165</a>, <a href="#Pg229" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">229-30</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Dr. Christopher), Bp. of Lincoln, <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">37</a>, <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">112</a>, <a href="#Pg147" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">147</a>, <a href="#Pg184" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">184</a>, <a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">226</a>, <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">368</a>, <a href="#Pg382" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">382</a>, <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">400</a>, <a href="#Pg502" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">502</a>, <a href="#Pg505" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">505</a>, <a href="#Pg513" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">513</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">Ded.</span></span> vi</div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Wotton (Henry), <a href="#Pg433" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">433</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Xenophon, <a href="#Pg149" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">149</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">Young (Patrick), <a href="#Pg432" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">432</a></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 2.00em">—— (Dr.), of Glasgow, <a href="#Pg477" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">477</a></div> +</div> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left">ζώνη, <a href="#Pg201" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: left">201</a></div> +</div> +</div> + </div> +<hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-back" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <div id="footnotes" class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc21" id="toc21"></a> + <a name="pdf22" id="pdf22"></a> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href="#noteref_1">1.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Any one who desires to see this charge established, is invited to read +from page <a href="#Pg399" class="tei tei-ref">399</a> to page 413 of what follows.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href="#noteref_2">2.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Newth. See pp. <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref">37-9</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href="#noteref_3">3.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See pp. <a href="#Pg024" class="tei tei-ref">24-9</a>: <a href="#Pg097" class="tei tei-ref">97</a>, &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_4" name="note_4" href="#noteref_4">4.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, pp. 1 to 110.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_5" name="note_5" href="#noteref_5">5.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This will be found more fully explained from pp. <a href="#Pg127" class="tei tei-ref">127</a> to 130: pp. <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref">154</a> +to 164: also pp. <a href="#Pg400" class="tei tei-ref">400</a> to 403. See also the quotations on pp. <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref">112</a> and <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref">368</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_6" name="note_6" href="#noteref_6">6.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, pp. <a href="#Pg112" class="tei tei-ref">113</a> to 232.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_7" name="note_7" href="#noteref_7">7.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, pp. <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref">235</a> to 366.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_8" name="note_8" href="#noteref_8">8.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of the Resurrection</span></span>, p. viii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_9" name="note_9" href="#noteref_9">9.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Reference is made to a vulgar effusion in the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contemporary Review</span></span>”</span> +for March 1882: from which it chiefly appears that Canon (now Archdeacon) +Farrar is unable to forgive S. Mark the Evangelist for having +written the 16th verse of his concluding chapter. The Venerable writer +is in consequence for ever denouncing those <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">last Twelve Verses</span></span>.”</span> In +March 1882, (pretending to review my Articles in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Quarterly,”</span>) he +says:—<span class="tei tei-q">“In spite of Dean Burgon's Essay on the subject, the minds of +most scholars are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quite unalterably made up</span></em> on such questions as the +authenticity of the last twelve verses of S. Mark.”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contemporary Review</span></span>, +vol. xli. p. 365.] And in the ensuing October,—<span class="tei tei-q">“If, among <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">positive +results</span></em>, any one should set down such facts as that ... Mark xvi. 9-20 ... +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">formed no part of the original apostolic autograph</span></em> ... He, I say, who +should enumerate these points as being <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">beyond the reach of serious dispute</span></em> ... +would be expressing the views which are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">regarded as indisputable</span></em> by +the vast majority of such recent critics as have established any claim to +serious attention.”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Expositor</span></span>, p. 173.] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It may not be without use to the Venerable writer that he should be +reminded that critical questions, instead of being disposed of by such language +as the foregoing, are not even touched thereby. One is surprised to +have to tell a <span class="tei tei-q">“fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge,”</span> so obvious a truth +as that by such writing he does but effectually put himself out of court. +By proclaiming that his mind is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quite unalterably made up</span></em>”</span> that the +end of S. Mark's Gospel is not authentic, he admits that he is impervious +to argument and therefore incapable of understanding proof. It is a mere +waste of time to reason with an unfortunate who announces that he +is beyond the reach of conviction.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_10" name="note_10" href="#noteref_10">10.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">No. xxviii., page 436. If any one cares to know what the teaching +was which the writer in the <span class="tei tei-q">“Church Quarterly”</span> was intending to reproduce, +he is invited to read from p. <a href="#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref">296</a> to p. 300 of the present volume.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_11" name="note_11" href="#noteref_11">11.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contemporary Review</span></span>, (Dec. 1881),—p. 985 seq.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_12" name="note_12" href="#noteref_12">12.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Q. R. (No. 304,) p. 313.—The passage referred to will be found below +(at p. <a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref">14</a>),—slightly modified, in order to protect myself against the risk +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">future</span></em> misconception. My Reviewer refers to four other places. He will +find that my only object in them all was to prove that codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span> +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">yield divergent testimony</span></em>; and therefore, so habitually <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">contradict</span></em> one +another, as effectually to invalidate their own evidence throughout. This +has never been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">proved</span></em> before. It can <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only</span></em> be proved, in fact, by one who +has laboriously collated the codices in question, and submitted to the +drudgery of exactly tabulating the result.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_13" name="note_13" href="#noteref_13">13.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Damus tibi in manus Novum Testamentum <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">idem profecto</span></em>, quod ad +textum attinet, cum ed. Millianâ,”</span>—are the well known opening words +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Monitum”</span> prefixed to Lloyd's N. T.—And Mill, according to +Scrivener, [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 399,] <span class="tei tei-q">“only aims at reproducing Stephens' +text of 1550, though in a few places he departs from it, whether by accident +or design.”</span> Such places are found to amount in all to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">twenty-nine</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_14" name="note_14" href="#noteref_14">14.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, pp. <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref">257-8</a>: also p. <a href="#Pg390" class="tei tei-ref">390</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_15" name="note_15" href="#noteref_15">15.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Revisers and the Greek Text of the New Testament</span></span>, &c.—Macmillan, +pp. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_16" name="note_16" href="#noteref_16">16.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, pp. <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref">369</a> to 520.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_17" name="note_17" href="#noteref_17">17.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages <a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref">371-2</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_18" name="note_18" href="#noteref_18">18.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pamphlet</span></span>, pp. 77: 39, 40, 41.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_19" name="note_19" href="#noteref_19">19.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, p. <a href="#Pg425" class="tei tei-ref">425</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_20" name="note_20" href="#noteref_20">20.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424-501</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_21" name="note_21" href="#noteref_21">21.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">From January till June 1883.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_22" name="note_22" href="#noteref_22">22.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pamphlet</span></span>, p. 76.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_23" name="note_23" href="#noteref_23">23.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> pages <a href="#Pg252" class="tei tei-ref">252-268</a>: <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref">269-277</a>: <a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref">305-308</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_24" name="note_24" href="#noteref_24">24.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> pages <a href="#Pg302" class="tei tei-ref">302-306</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_25" name="note_25" href="#noteref_25">25.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 354.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_26" name="note_26" href="#noteref_26">26.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">On that day appeared Dr. Hort's <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction and Appendix</span></span>”</span> to the +N. T. as edited by himself and Dr. Westcott.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_27" name="note_27" href="#noteref_27">27.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Charge</span></span>,”</span> published in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Guardian</span></span>, Dec. 20, 1882, p. 1813.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_28" name="note_28" href="#noteref_28">28.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preface to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">History of the English Bible</span></span> (p. ix.),—1868.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_29" name="note_29" href="#noteref_29">29.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preface to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pastoral Epistles</span></span> (p. xiv.),—1861.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_30" name="note_30" href="#noteref_30">30.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Authorized Version of the N. T.</span></span> (p. 3),—1858.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_31" name="note_31" href="#noteref_31">31.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Jesus Christ</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> translated +out of the Greek: being the Version set forth </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> 1611, compared with the +most ancient Authorities, and Revised </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> 1881.</span></span> Printed for the Universities +of Oxford and Cambridge, 1881.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_32" name="note_32" href="#noteref_32">32.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament in the Original Greek, according to the Text +followed in the Authorized Version, together with the Variations adopted +in the Revised Version.</span></span> Edited for the Syndics of the Cambridge +University Press, by F. H. A. Scrivener, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Prebendary +of Exeter and Vicar of Hendon. Cambridge, 1881. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ἡ ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Greek Testament, with the Readings +adopted by the Revisers of the Authorized Version.</span></span> [Edited by the Ven. +Archdeacon Palmer, D.D.] Oxford, 1881.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_33" name="note_33" href="#noteref_33">33.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—pp. 215-6.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_34" name="note_34" href="#noteref_34">34.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tertullian, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_35" name="note_35" href="#noteref_35">35.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Hieron. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> ii. 177 c (see the note).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_36" name="note_36" href="#noteref_36">36.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apud Hieron. iii. 121.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_37" name="note_37" href="#noteref_37">37.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 617 c (ed. Pusey).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_38" name="note_38" href="#noteref_38">38.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 272.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_39" name="note_39" href="#noteref_39">39.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 548 c; viii. 207 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_40" name="note_40" href="#noteref_40">40.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 205.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_41" name="note_41" href="#noteref_41">41.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">A reference to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Journal of Convocation</span></span>, for a twelvemonth after the +proposal for a Revision of the Authorized Version was seriously entertained, +will reveal more than it would be convenient in this place even to allude to.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_42" name="note_42" href="#noteref_42">42.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">We derive our information from the learned Congregationalist, Dr. +Newth,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on Bible Revision</span></span> (1881), p. 116.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_43" name="note_43" href="#noteref_43">43.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, pp. 26-7.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_44" name="note_44" href="#noteref_44">44.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New +Testament</span></span>, 2nd edition, 1874 (pp. 607), may be confidently recommended +to any one who desires to master the outlines of Textual Criticism under +the guidance of a judicious, impartial, and thoroughly competent guide. A +new and revised edition of this excellent treatise will appear shortly.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_45" name="note_45" href="#noteref_45">45.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Studious readers are invited to enquire for Dr. Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Full and +exact Collation of about Twenty Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels +(hitherto unexamined), deposited in the British Museum, the Archiepiscopal +Library at Lambeth, &c., with a Critical Introduction</span></span>. (Pp. +lxxiv. and 178.) 1853. The introductory matter deserves very +attentive perusal.—With equal confidence we beg to recommend his +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Exact Transcript of the Codex Augiensis, a Græco-Latin Manuscript +of S. Paul's Epistles, deposited in the Library of Trinity College, +Cambridge; to which is added a full Collation of Fifty Manuscripts, +containing various portions of the Greek New Testament, in the Libraries +of Cambridge, Parham, Leicester, Oxford, Lambeth, the British Museum, +&c. With a Critical Introduction</span></span> (which must also be carefully studied). +(Pp. lxxx. and 563.) 1859.—Learned readers can scarcely require to +be told of the same learned scholar's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Novum Testamentum Textûs +Stephanici, </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> 1550. Accedunt variæ Lectiones Editionum Bezæ, Elzeviri, +Lachmanni, Tischendorfii, Tregellesii.</span></span> Curante F. H. A. Scrivener, +A.M., D.C.L., LL.D. [1860.] Editio auctior et emendatior. 1877.—Those +who merely wish for a short popular Introduction to the subject +may be grateful to be told of Dr. Scrivener's Six <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on the Text of +the N. T. and the Ancient MSS. which contain it, chiefly addressed to +those who do not read Greek</span></span>. 1875.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_46" name="note_46" href="#noteref_46">46.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction</span></span>,—p. 118.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_47" name="note_47" href="#noteref_47">47.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Bezæ Codex Cantabrigiensis: being an exact Copy, in ordinary Type, +of the celebrated Uncial Græco-Latin Manuscript of the Four Gospels and +Acts of the Apostles, written early in the Sixth Century, and presented to +the University of Cambridge by Theodore Beza</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1581. Edited, with +a Critical Introduction, Annotations, and Facsimiles, by Frederick H. +Scrivener, M.A., Rector of S. Gerrans, Cornwall. (Pp. lxiv. and 453.) +Cambridge, 1864. No one who aspires to a competent acquaintance with +Textual Criticism can afford to be without this book.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_48" name="note_48" href="#noteref_48">48.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">On the subject of codex א we beg (once for all) to refer scholars to +Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Full Collation of the Codex Sinaiticus with the Received Text +of the New Testament. To which is prefixed a Critical Introduction.</span></span> +[1863.] 2nd Edition, revised. (Pp. lxxii. and 163.) 1867.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_49" name="note_49" href="#noteref_49">49.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bishop Ellicott's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Considerations on Revision</span></span>, &c. (1870), p. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_50" name="note_50" href="#noteref_50">50.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The epithet <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cursive</span></span>,”</span> is used to denote manuscripts written in +<span class="tei tei-q">“running-hand,”</span> of which the oldest known specimens belong to the IXth +century. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Uncial</span></span>”</span> manuscripts are those which are written in capital +letters. A <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">codex</span></span>”</span> popularly signifies a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">manuscript</span></span>. A <span class="tei tei-q">“version”</span> is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a +translation</span></span>. A <span class="tei tei-q">“recension”</span> is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a revision</span></span>. (We have been requested to +explain these terms.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_51" name="note_51" href="#noteref_51">51.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Considerations on Revision</span></span>, p. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_52" name="note_52" href="#noteref_52">52.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Once for all, we request it may be clearly understood that we do not, +by any means, claim <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perfection</span></em> for the Received Text. We entertain no +extravagant notions on this subject. Again and again we shall have +occasion to point out (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> at page <a href="#Pg107" class="tei tei-ref">107</a>) that the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> needs +correction. We do but insist, (1) That it is an incomparably better text +than that which either Lachmann, or Tischendorf, or Tregelles has produced: +infinitely preferable to the <span class="tei tei-q">“New Greek Text”</span> of the Revisionists. +And, (2) That to be improved, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Textus Receptus</span></span> will have to be revised +on entirely different <span class="tei tei-q">“principles”</span> from those which are just now in fashion. +Men must begin by unlearning the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">German prejudices</span></em> of the last fifty +years; and address themselves, instead, to the stern logic of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">facts</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_53" name="note_53" href="#noteref_53">53.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, pp. 342-4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_54" name="note_54" href="#noteref_54">54.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ut suprà</span></span>, p. 46. We prefer to quote the indictment against Lachmann, +Tischendorf, Tregelles, from the pages of Revisionists.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_55" name="note_55" href="#noteref_55">55.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Ex scriptoribus Græcis <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tantisper Origene solo</span></em> usi sumus.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfatio</span></span>, +p. xxi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_56" name="note_56" href="#noteref_56">56.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introd.</span></span> p. 397.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_57" name="note_57" href="#noteref_57">57.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ut suprà</span></span>, p. 48.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_58" name="note_58" href="#noteref_58">58.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ut suprà</span></span>, p. 47.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_59" name="note_59" href="#noteref_59">59.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Prebendary Scrivener, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> (ed. 1874), p. 429.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_60" name="note_60" href="#noteref_60">60.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 470.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_61" name="note_61" href="#noteref_61">61.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_62" name="note_62" href="#noteref_62">62.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, i. 852.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_63" name="note_63" href="#noteref_63">63.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ut suprà</span></span>, p. 47.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_64" name="note_64" href="#noteref_64">64.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament in the Original Greek.</span></span> The Text revised by +Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D., and Fenton John Anthony Hort, D.D. +Cambridge and London, 1881.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_65" name="note_65" href="#noteref_65">65.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the Preface prefixed to the <span class="tei tei-q">“limited and private issue”</span> of 1870, +p. vi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_66" name="note_66" href="#noteref_66">66.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ut suprà</span></span>, p. xv.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_67" name="note_67" href="#noteref_67">67.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. xviii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_68" name="note_68" href="#noteref_68">68.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. xvi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_69" name="note_69" href="#noteref_69">69.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> pp. xviii., xix.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_70" name="note_70" href="#noteref_70">70.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Note,—that I have thought it best, for many reasons, to retain the +ensuing note as it originally appeared; merely restoring [within brackets] +those printed portions of it for which there really was no room. The third +Article in the present volume will be found to supply an ample exposure +of the shallowness of Drs. Westcott and Hort's Textual Theory.</span></span>] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +While these sheets are passing through the press, a copy of the long-expected +volume reaches us. The theory of the respected authors proves +to be the shallowest imaginable. It is briefly <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em>:—Fastening on the two +oldest codices extant (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, both of the IVth century), they invent the +following hypothesis:—<span class="tei tei-q">“That the ancestries of those two manuscripts +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">diverged from a point near the autographs, and never came into contact +subsequently</span></em>.”</span> [No reason is produced for this opinion.] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Having thus secured two independent witnesses of what was in the +sacred autographs, the Editors claim that the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">coincidence</span></em> of א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> must +<span class="tei tei-q">“mark those portions of text in which two primitive and entirely separate +lines of transmission had not come to differ from each other through +independent corruption:”</span> and therefore that, <span class="tei tei-q">“in the absence of specially +strong internal evidence to the contrary,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“the readings of א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> combined +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">may safely be accepted as genuine</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But what is to be done when the same two codices diverge <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">one from the +other</span></em>?—In all such cases (we are assured) the readings of any <span class="tei tei-q">“binary +combination”</span> of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> are to be preferred; because <span class="tei tei-q">“on the closest scrutiny,”</span> +they generally <span class="tei tei-q">“have the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ring of genuineness</span></em>;”</span> hardly ever <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">look suspicious</span></em> +after full consideration.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Even when <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> stands quite alone, its +readings must never be lightly rejected.”</span> [We are not told why.] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But, (rejoins the student who, after careful collation of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, has +arrived at a vastly different estimate of its character,)—What is to be +done when internal and external evidence alike condemn a reading of B? +How is <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mumpsimus</span></span>”</span> for example to be treated?—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Mumpsimus</span></span>”</span> (the +Editors solemnly reply) as <span class="tei tei-q">“the better attested reading”</span>—(by which they +mean the reading attested by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,)—we place in our margin. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sumpsimus</span></span>,”</span> +apparently the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">right</span></em> reading, we place in the text within ††; in token that +it is probably <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a successful ancient conjecture</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We smile, and resume:—But how is the fact to be accounted for that +the text of Chrysostom and (in the main) of the rest of the IVth-century +Fathers, to whom we are so largely indebted for our critical materials, and +who must have employed codices fully as old as <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א: how is it, we +ask, that the text of all these, including codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, differs essentially from +the text exhibited by codices <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א?—The editors reply,—The text of +Chrysostom and the rest, we designate <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian,”</span> and assume to have been +the result of an <span class="tei tei-q">“editorial Revision,”</span> which we conjecturally assign to the +second half of the IIIrd century. It is the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Pre-Syrian</span></em>”</span> text that we are +in search of; and we recognize the object of our search in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We stare, and smile again. But how then does it come to pass (we +rejoin) that the Peschito, or primitive <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syriac</span></em>, which is older by full a +century and a half than the last-named date, is practically still the same +text?—This fatal circumstance (not overlooked by the learned Editors) +they encounter with another conjectural assumption. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A Revision</span></span>”</span> (say +they) <span class="tei tei-q">“of the Old Syriac version appears to have taken place early in the +IVth century, or sooner; and doubtless in some connexion with the +Syrian revision of the Greek text, the readings being to a very great +extent coincident.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And pray, where <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Old Syriac</span></em> version”</span> of which you speak?—It +is (reply the Editors) our way of designating the fragmentary Syriac MS. +commonly known as <span class="tei tei-q">“Cureton's.”</span>—Your way (we rejoin) of manipulating +facts, and disposing of evidence is certainly the most convenient, as it is +the most extraordinary, imaginable: yet is it altogether inadmissible in a +grave enquiry like the present. Syriac scholars are of a widely different +opinion from yourselves. Do you not perceive that you have been drawing +upon your imagination for every one of your facts? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We decline in short on the mere conjectural <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ipse dixit</span></span> of these two +respected scholars to admit either that the Peschito is a Revision of +Cureton's Syriac Version;—or that it was executed about <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 325;—or +that the text of Chrysostom and the other principal IVth-century Fathers +is the result of an unrecorded <span class="tei tei-q">“Antiochian Revision”</span> which took place +about the year <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 275. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[But instead of troubling ourselves with removing the upper story of +the visionary structure before us,—which reminds us painfully of a house +which we once remember building with playing-cards,—we begin by +removing the basement-story, which brings the entire superstructure in +an instant to the ground.] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For we decline to admit that the texts exhibited by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א can have +<span class="tei tei-q">“diverged from a point near the sacred autographs, and never come into +contact subsequently.”</span> We are able to show, on the contrary, that the +readings they jointly embody afford the strongest presumption that the +MSS. which contain them are nothing else but specimens of those <span class="tei tei-q">“corrected,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">corrupted</span></em> copies, which are known to have abounded in the +earliest ages of the Church. From the prevalence of identical depravations +in either, we infer that they are, on the contrary, derived from the same +not very remote depraved original: and therefore, that their coincidence, +when they differ from all (or nearly all) other MSS., so far from marking +<span class="tei tei-q">“two primitive and entirely separate lines of transmission”</span> of the inspired +autographs, does but mark what was derived from the same corrupt +common ancestor; whereby the supposed two independent witnesses to the +Evangelic verity become resolved into <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a single witness to a fabricated text +of the IIIrd century</span></em>. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is impossible in the meantime to withhold from these learned and +excellent men (who are infinitely better than their theory) the tribute of +our sympathy and concern at the evident perplexity and constant distress +to which their own fatal major premiss has reduced them. The Nemesis +of Superstition and Idolatry is ever the same. Doubt,—unbelief,—credulity,—general +mistrust of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> evidence, is the inevitable sequel and +penalty. In 1870, Drs. Westcott and Hort solemnly assured their brother +Revisionists that <span class="tei tei-q">“the prevalent assumption, that throughout the N. T. the +true text is to be found <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">somewhere</span></em> among recorded readings, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">does not stand +the test of experience</span></em>;”</span>[P. xxi.] and they are evidently still haunted by the same +spectral suspicion. They see a ghost to be exorcised in every dark corner. +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Art of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Conjectural Emendation</span></em>”</span> (says Dr. Hort) <span class="tei tei-q">“depends for its +success so much on personal endowments, fertility of resource in the first +instance, and even more an appreciation of language too delicate to acquiesce +in merely plausible corrections, that it is easy to forget its true character +as a critical operation founded on knowledge and method.”</span>[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introd.</span></span> p. 71.] Specimens of +the writer's skill in this department abound. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">One</span></em> occurs at p. 135 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">App.</span></span>) +where, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in defiance of every known document</span></em>, he seeks to evacuate S. Paul's +memorable injunction to Timothy (2 Tim. i. 13) of all its significance. +[A fuller exposure of Dr. Hort's handling of this important text will be +found later in the present volume.] May we be allowed to assure the +accomplished writer that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">in Biblical Textual Criticism, </span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">“</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Conjectural +Emendation</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps">”</span></span><span style="font-variant: small-caps"> has no place</span></span>?</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_71" name="note_71" href="#noteref_71">71.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 453.—Stunica, it will be remembered, was +the chief editor of the Complutensian, or <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">first printed</span></em> edition of the New +Testament, (1514).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_72" name="note_72" href="#noteref_72">72.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">προσέφορον αὐτῷ,—S. Matt. ix. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_73" name="note_73" href="#noteref_73">73.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introd</span></span>. p. 472.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_74" name="note_74" href="#noteref_74">74.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The words omitted are therefore the following 22:—ἡμῶν, ὁ ἐν τοῖς +οὐρανοῖς ... γενηθήτω τὸ θελημά σου, ὡς ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ... +ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_75" name="note_75" href="#noteref_75">75.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Companion to the Revised Version</span></span>, p. 61.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_76" name="note_76" href="#noteref_76">76.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The last Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to S. Mark, vindicated +against recent critical Objectors and established</span></span>, by the Rev. J. W. Burgon,—pp. +334, published by Parker, Oxford, 1871.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_77" name="note_77" href="#noteref_77">77.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As Dr. Jacobson and Dr. Chr. Wordsworth,—the learned Bishops of +Chester and Lincoln. It is right to state that Bp. Ellicott <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">considers the +passage doubtful</span></em>.”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, p. 36.) Dr. Scrivener (it is well known) +differs entirely from Bp. Ellicott on this important point.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_78" name="note_78" href="#noteref_78">78.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on Bible Revision</span></span>, pp. 119-20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_79" name="note_79" href="#noteref_79">79.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">τὰς ἀληθεῖς ῥήσεις Πνεύματος τοῦ Ἁγίου.—Clemens Rom., c. 45.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_80" name="note_80" href="#noteref_80">80.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Should the Revised New Testament be authorized?</span></span>—p. 42.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_81" name="note_81" href="#noteref_81">81.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Version of the first three Gospels, considered,</span></span>—by Canon +Cook,—pp. 221-2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_82" name="note_82" href="#noteref_82">82.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">At p. 34 of his pamphlet in reply to the first two of the present +Articles.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_83" name="note_83" href="#noteref_83">83.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, pp. 30 and 49.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_84" name="note_84" href="#noteref_84">84.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Words of the N. T.</span></span> p. 193.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_85" name="note_85" href="#noteref_85">85.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Companion to the Revised Version</span></span>, p. 63.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_86" name="note_86" href="#noteref_86">86.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 62.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_87" name="note_87" href="#noteref_87">87.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Eusebius,—Macarius Magnes,—Aphraates,—Didymus,—the +Syriac <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acts of the App.</span></span>,—Epiphanius,—Ambrose,—Chrysostom,—Jerome,—Augustine. +It happens that the disputation of Macarius Magnes +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 300-350) with a heathen philosopher, which has recently come to +light, contains an elaborate discussion of S. Mark xvi. 17, 18. Add the +curious story related by the author of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paschal Chronicle</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 628) +concerning Leontius, Bishop of Antioch (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 348),—p. 289. This has +been hitherto overlooked.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_88" name="note_88" href="#noteref_88">88.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 515.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_89" name="note_89" href="#noteref_89">89.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tisch. specifies 7 Latin copies. Origen (iii. 946 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f.</span></span>), Jerome (vii. 282), +and Leo (ap. Sabatier) are the only patristic quotations discoverable.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_90" name="note_90" href="#noteref_90">90.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 459</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_91" name="note_91" href="#noteref_91">91.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 374; ii. 714; iv. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_92" name="note_92" href="#noteref_92">92.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 47; viii. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_93" name="note_93" href="#noteref_93">93.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dem. Ev.</span></span> pp. 163, 342.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_94" name="note_94" href="#noteref_94">94.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 180, 385.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_95" name="note_95" href="#noteref_95">95.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In loc. Also <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in Luc.</span></span> xix. 29 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. Ox.</span></span> 141).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_96" name="note_96" href="#noteref_96">96.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Trin.</span></span> p. 84; Cord. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> ii. 450, 745.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_97" name="note_97" href="#noteref_97">97.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 845,—which is reproduced in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Paschal Chronicle</span></span>, p. 374.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_98" name="note_98" href="#noteref_98">98.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 180; cf. p. 162.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_99" name="note_99" href="#noteref_99">99.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 154, 1047.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_100" name="note_100" href="#noteref_100">100.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 355, 696, 6; 97 iii. 346.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_101" name="note_101" href="#noteref_101">101.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gr. iii. 434.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_102" name="note_102" href="#noteref_102">102.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. ix. 754.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_103" name="note_103" href="#noteref_103">103.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 587; ii. 453, 454; vi. 393; vii. 311, 674; viii. 85; xi. 347. Also +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> iii. 139.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_104" name="note_104" href="#noteref_104">104.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Chrys. vi. 424; cf. p. 417.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_105" name="note_105" href="#noteref_105">105.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Luc.</span></span> pp. 12, 16, 502 ( = Mai, ii. 128). Also Mai, ii. 343, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hom. de +Incarn.</span></span> p. 109. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> ii. 593; v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">1</span></span> 681, 30, 128, 380, 402, 154; vi. 398. +Maii, iii.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 286.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_106" name="note_106" href="#noteref_106">106.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 290, 1298; ii. 18; iii. 480.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_107" name="note_107" href="#noteref_107">107.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. ix. 446, 476. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 1001, 1023.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_108" name="note_108" href="#noteref_108">108.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 1002.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_109" name="note_109" href="#noteref_109">109.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. ix. 629.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_110" name="note_110" href="#noteref_110">110.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 1095.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_111" name="note_111" href="#noteref_111">111.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 829 = Cyr. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> vi. 159.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_112" name="note_112" href="#noteref_112">112.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nov. Auctar.</span></span> i. 596.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_113" name="note_113" href="#noteref_113">113.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Montf. ii. 152, 160, 247, 269.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_114" name="note_114" href="#noteref_114">114.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hexaem.</span></span> ed. Migne, vol. 89, p. 899.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_115" name="note_115" href="#noteref_115">115.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xii. 308.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_116" name="note_116" href="#noteref_116">116.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ed. Combefis, 14, 54; ap. Galland. xiii. 100, 123.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_117" name="note_117" href="#noteref_117">117.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xiii. 235.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_118" name="note_118" href="#noteref_118">118.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 836.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_119" name="note_119" href="#noteref_119">119.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xiii. 212.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_120" name="note_120" href="#noteref_120">120.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> Chrys. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> viii.; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> 214.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_121" name="note_121" href="#noteref_121">121.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 6 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_122" name="note_122" href="#noteref_122">122.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. iii. 809.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_123" name="note_123" href="#noteref_123">123.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 602.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_124" name="note_124" href="#noteref_124">124.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 101, 122, 407.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_125" name="note_125" href="#noteref_125">125.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 447.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_126" name="note_126" href="#noteref_126">126.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 298.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_127" name="note_127" href="#noteref_127">127.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 804; iii. 783; v. 638, 670, 788; viii. 214, 285; x. 754, 821.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_128" name="note_128" href="#noteref_128">128.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cord. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> ii. 960.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_129" name="note_129" href="#noteref_129">129.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of the ninety-two places above quoted, Tischendorf knew of only +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eleven</span></em>, Tregelles adduces only <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six</span></em>.—Neither critic seems to have been +aware that <span class="tei tei-q">“Gregory Thaum.”</span> is not the author of the citation they +ascribe to him. And why does Tischendorf quote as Basil's what <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">is known</span></em> +not to have been his?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_130" name="note_130" href="#noteref_130">130.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">But then, note that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> is only available for comparison down to the end +of ver. 5. In the 9 verses which have been lost, who shall say how many +more eccentricities would have been discoverable?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_131" name="note_131" href="#noteref_131">131.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Companion to the Revised Version</span></span>, pp. 62, 63. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Words of the N. T.</span></span> +p. 193.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_132" name="note_132" href="#noteref_132">132.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Words of the N. T.</span></span> p. 193.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_133" name="note_133" href="#noteref_133">133.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Drs. Westcott and Hort (consistently enough) put them <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the self-same +footing</span></em> with the evidently spurious ending found in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_134" name="note_134" href="#noteref_134">134.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">True, that a separate volume of Greek Text has been put forth, showing +every change which has been either actually accepted, or else suggested +for future possible acceptance. But (in the words of the accomplished +editor), <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Revisers are not responsible for its publication</span></em>.”</span> Moreover, +(and this is the chief point,) it is a sealed book to all but Scholars. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It were unhandsome, however, to take leave of the learned labours of +Prebendary Scrivener and Archdeacon Palmer, without a few words of +sympathy and admiration. Their volumes (mentioned at the beginning +of the present Article) are all that was to have been expected from the +exquisite scholarship of their respective editors, and will be of abiding +interest and value. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Both</span></em> volumes should be in the hands of every +scholar, for neither of them supersedes the other. Dr. Scrivener has (with +rare ability and immense labour) set before the Church, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the first time, +the Greek Text which was followed by the Revisers of 1611</span></em>, viz. Beza's +N. T. of 1598, supplemented in above 190 places from other sources; +every one of which the editor traces out in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>, pp. 648-56. +At the foot of each page, he shows what changes have been introduced into +the Text by the Revisers of 1881.—Dr. Palmer, taking the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text of Stephens</span></span> +(1550) as his basis, presents us with the Readings adopted by the Revisers +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version,”</span> and relegates the displaced Readings (of 1611) +to the foot of each page.—We cordially congratulate them both, and thank +them for the good service they have rendered.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_135" name="note_135" href="#noteref_135">135.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The number is not excessive. There were about 600 persons aboard +the ship in which Josephus traversed the same waters. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Life</span></span>, c. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">iii.</span></span>)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_136" name="note_136" href="#noteref_136">136.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 61 and 83.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_137" name="note_137" href="#noteref_137">137.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Isaiah xiv. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_138" name="note_138" href="#noteref_138">138.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matthew xxi. 1-3. S. Mark xi. 1-6. S. Luke xix. 29-34.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_139" name="note_139" href="#noteref_139">139.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d l</span></span> read—αὐτον ἀποστελλει ΠΑΛΙΝ ὡδε: C*,—αὐτον ΠΑΛΙΝ ἀποστελλει +ὡδε: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—ἀποστελλει ΠΑΛΙΝ αὐτον ὡδε: Δ,—ἀποστελλει ΠΑΛΙΝ +ὡδε: y<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">scr</span></span>—αὐτον ἀποστελλει ΠΑΛΙΝ.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_140" name="note_140" href="#noteref_140">140.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 722, 740.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_141" name="note_141" href="#noteref_141">141.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 737, iv. 181.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_142" name="note_142" href="#noteref_142">142.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matt. xxi. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_143" name="note_143" href="#noteref_143">143.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Exod. x. 21-23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_144" name="note_144" href="#noteref_144">144.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xxvii. 45; S. Mark xv. 33; S. Lu. xxiii. 44.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_145" name="note_145" href="#noteref_145">145.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Epiphan. i. 317 and 347.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_146" name="note_146" href="#noteref_146">146.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Intenebricatus est sol</span></span>—a: <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">obscuratus est sol</span></span>—b: <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">tenebricavit sol</span></span>—c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_147" name="note_147" href="#noteref_147">147.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Routh, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opusc.</span></span> i. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_148" name="note_148" href="#noteref_148">148.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 90, 913; ap. Epiph. i. 1006.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_149" name="note_149" href="#noteref_149">149.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Syr.</span></span> ii. 48. So also <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> pp. 245, 256, 257.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_150" name="note_150" href="#noteref_150">150.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Mai, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scriptt. Vett.</span></span> vi. 64.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_151" name="note_151" href="#noteref_151">151.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 305.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_152" name="note_152" href="#noteref_152">152.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, ii. 436; iii. 395. Also <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Luc.</span></span> 722.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_153" name="note_153" href="#noteref_153">153.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 288, 417.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_154" name="note_154" href="#noteref_154">154.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 233.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_155" name="note_155" href="#noteref_155">155.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ed. by Wright, p. 16.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_156" name="note_156" href="#noteref_156">156.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Sol mediâ die <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tenebricavit</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Adv. Jud.</span></span> c. xiii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_157" name="note_157" href="#noteref_157">157.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 922-4. Read the whole of cap. 134. See also ap. Galland. xiv. +82, append., which by the way deserves to be compared with Chrys. vii. +825 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_158" name="note_158" href="#noteref_158">158.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ἀλλ᾽ ἦν σκότος θεοποίητον, διότι τὸν Κύριον συνέβη παθεῖν.—Routh, ii. +298.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_159" name="note_159" href="#noteref_159">159.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">εἶτ᾽ ἐξαίφνης κατενεχθὲν ψηλαφητὸν σκότος, ἡλίου τὴν οἰκείαν αὐγὴν +ἀποκρύψαντος, p. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_160" name="note_160" href="#noteref_160">160.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ὅτι γὰρ οὐκ ἠν ἔκλειψις [sc. τὸ σκότος ἐκεῖνο] οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν μόνον δῆλον +ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ καιροῦ. τρεῖς γὰρ ὥρας παρέμεινιν; ἡ δὲ ἔκλειψις ἐν +μιᾷ καιροῦ γίνεται ῥοπῇ.—vii. 825 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_161" name="note_161" href="#noteref_161">161.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 414, 415; iii. 56.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_162" name="note_162" href="#noteref_162">162.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iv. 206. But further on he says: αὐτίκα γοῦν ἐπὶ τῷ πάθει +οὐχ ἥλιος μόνον ἐσκότασεν κ.τ.λ.—Cyril of Jerusalem (pp. 57, 146, 199, +201, 202) and Cosmas (ap. Montf. ii. 177 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>) were apparently acquainted +with the same reading, but neither of them actually quotes Luke xxiii. 45.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_163" name="note_163" href="#noteref_163">163.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“In quibusdam exemplaribus non habetur <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tenebræ factæ sunt, et obscuratus +est sol</span></em>: sed ita, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tenebræ factæ sunt super omnem terram, sole +deficiente</span></em>. Et forsitan ausus est aliquis quasi manifestius aliquid dicere +volens, pro, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">et obscuratus est sol</span></em>, ponere <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">deficiente sole</span></em>, existimans quod non +aliter potuissent fieri tenebræ, nisi sole deficiente. Puto autem magis quod +insidiatores ecclesiæ Christi mutaverunt hoc verbum, quoniam <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">tenebræ factæ +sunt sole deficiente</span></em>, ut verisimiliter evangelia argui possint secundum adinventiones +volentium arguere illa.”</span> (iii. 923 f. a.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_164" name="note_164" href="#noteref_164">164.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 235. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Qui scripserunt contra Evangelia</span></em>, suspicantur deliquium +solis,”</span> &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_165" name="note_165" href="#noteref_165">165.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This rests on little more than conjecture. Tisch. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cod. Ephr. Syr.</span></span> p. +327.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_166" name="note_166" href="#noteref_166">166.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ἐκλείποντος is only found besides in eleven lectionaries.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_167" name="note_167" href="#noteref_167">167.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Thebaic represents <span class="tei tei-q">“the sun <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">setting</span></em>;”</span> which, (like the mention of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eclipse</span></em>,”</span>) is only another <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">interpretation</span></em> of the darkness,—derived from Jer. +xv. 9 or Amos viii. 9 (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">occidit</span></em> sol meridie”</span>). Compare Irenæus iv. 33. 12, +(p. 273,) who says that these two prophecies found fulfilment in <span class="tei tei-q">“eum +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">occasum</span></em> solis qui, crucifixo eo, fuit ab horâ sextâ.”</span> He alludes to the same +places in iv. 34. 3 (p. 275). So does Jerome (on Matt. xxvii. 45),—<span class="tei tei-q">“Et +hoc factum reor, ut compleatur prophetia,”</span> and then he quotes Amos and +Jeremiah; finely adding (from some ancient source),—<span class="tei tei-q">“Videturque mihi +clarissimum lumen mundi, hoc est luminare majus, retraxisse radios suos, +ne aut pendentem videret Dominum; aut impii blasphemantes suâ luce +fruerentur.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_168" name="note_168" href="#noteref_168">168.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Our old friend of Halicarnassus (vii. 37), speaking of an eclipse which +happened <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b.c.</span></span> 481, remarks: ὁ ἥλιος ἐκλιπὼν τὴν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἕδρην.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_169" name="note_169" href="#noteref_169">169.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For it will be perceived that our Revisionists have adopted the reading +vouched for <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only by codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. What c* once read is as uncertain as it is +unimportant.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_170" name="note_170" href="#noteref_170">170.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott's pamphlet, p. 60.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_171" name="note_171" href="#noteref_171">171.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the Revised Version</span></span>, p. 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_172" name="note_172" href="#noteref_172">172.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">πολλὰ κατὰ γνώμην αὐτοῦ διεπράττετο, as (probably) Victor of Antioch +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> p. 128), explains the place. He cites some one else (p. 129) who +exhibits ἠπόρει; and who explains it of Herod's difficulty <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">about getting rid +of Herodias</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_173" name="note_173" href="#noteref_173">173.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ πολλὰ ἂ ἐποίει, καὶ ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν, will have +been the reading of that lost venerable codex of the Gospels which is +chiefly represented at this day by Evann. 13-69-124-346,—as explained +by Professor Abbott in his Introduction to Prof. Ferrar's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Collation of four +important MSS.</span></span>, etc. (Dublin 1877). The same reading is also found in +Evann. 28 : 122 : 541 : 572, and Evst. 196. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Different must have been the reading of that other venerable exemplar +which supplied the Latin Church with its earliest Text. But of this let +the reader judge:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Et cum audisset illum multa facere, libenter</span></span>,”</span> &c. (c: +also <span class="tei tei-q">“Codex Aureus”</span> and γ, both at Stockholm): <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">et audito eo quod multa +faciebat, et libenter</span></span>,”</span> &c. (g<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> q): <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">et audiens illum quia multa faciebat, et +libenter</span></span>,”</span> &c. (b). The Anglo-Saxon, (<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and he heard that he many wonders +wrought, and he gladly heard him</span></em>”</span>) approaches nearest to the last two. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Peschito Syriac (which is without variety of reading here) in strictness +exhibits:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And many things he was hearing [from] him and doing; +and gladly he was hearing him.</span></em>”</span> But this, by competent Syriac scholars, +is considered to represent,—καὶ πολλὰ ἀκούων αὐτοῦ, ἐποίει; καὶ ἡδέως +ἤκουεν αὐτοῦ.—Cod. Δ is peculiar in exhibiting καὶ ἀκούσας αὐτοῦ πολλά, +ἡδέως αὐτοῦ ἤκουεν,—omitting ἐποίει, καί.—The Coptic also renders, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">et +audiebat multa ab eo, et anxio erat corde</span></span>.”</span> From all this, it becomes clear +that the actual <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">intention</span></em> of the blundering author of the text exhibited by +א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> was, to connect πολλά, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> with ἠπόρει, but with ἀκούσας. So the +Arabian version: but not the Gothic, Armenian, Sclavonic, or Georgian,—as +Dr. S. C. Malan informs the Reviewer.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_174" name="note_174" href="#noteref_174">174.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Note, that tokens abound of a determination anciently to assimilate +the Gospels hereabouts. Thus, because the first half of Luke ix. 10 (ϟα / η) +and the whole of Mk. vi. 30 (ξα / η) +are bracketed together by Eusebius, the +former place in codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> is found brought into conformity with the latter +by the unauthorized insertion of the clause καὶ ὅσα ἐδίδαξαν.—The +parallelism of Mtt. xiv. 13 and Lu. ix. 10 is the reason why <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> exhibits in +the latter place ἀν- (instead of ὑπ)εχώρησε.—In like manner, in Lu. ix. +10, codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> exhibits εἰς ἔρημον τόπον, instead of εἰς τόπον ἔρημον; only +because ἔρημον τόπον is the order of Mtt. xiv. 13 and Mk. vi. 32.—So +again, codex א, in the same verse of S. Luke, entirely omits the final clause +πόλεως καλουμένης Βηθσαῖδά, only in order to assimilate its text to that of +the two earlier Gospels.—But there is no need to look beyond the limits of +S. Mark vi. 14-16, for proofs of Assimilation. Instead of ἐκ νεκρῶν ἠγέρθη +(in ver. 14), <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א exhibit ἐγήγερται ἐκ νεκρῶν—only because those words +are found in Lu. ix. 7. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> substitutes ἀνέστη (for ἠγέρθη)—only because that +word is found in Lu. ix. 8. For ἠγέρθη ἐκ νεκρῶν, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> substitutes ἠγέρθη ἀπὸ +τῶν νεκρῶν—only because S. Matth. so writes in ch. xiv. 2. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> inserts καὶ +ἔβαλεν εἰς φυλακήν into ver. 17—only because of Mtt. xiv. 3 and Lu. iii. +20. In א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> Δ, βαπτίζοντος (for βαπτιστοῦ) stands in ver. 24—only by +Assimilation with ver. 14. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span> is for assimilating ver. 25 likewise), Κ Δ Π, +the Syr., and copies of the old Latin, transpose ἐνεργοῦσιν αἱ δυνάμεις (in +ver. 14)—only because those words are transposed in Mtt. xiv. 2.... If +facts like these do not open men's eyes to the danger of following the +fashionable guides, it is to be feared that nothing ever will. The foulest +blot of all remains to be noticed. Will it be believed that in ver. 22, +codices א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d l</span></span> Δ conspire in representing the dancer (whose name is +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">known</span></em> to have been <span class="tei tei-q">“Salome”</span>) as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">another </span><span class="tei tei-q">“Herodias”</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Herod's own +daughter</span></em>? This gross perversion of the truth, alike of Scripture and of +history—a reading as preposterous as it is revolting, and therefore rejected +hitherto by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the editors and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the critics—finds undoubting favour +with Drs. Westcott and Hort. Calamitous to relate, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it also disfigures the +margin of our Revised Version of S. Mark</span></em> vi. 22, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in consequence</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_175" name="note_175" href="#noteref_175">175.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">And</span></em>”</span> is omitted by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> Δ: <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">immediately</span></em>”</span> by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>: <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">with tears</span></em>”</span> +by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c l</span></span> Δ: <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Lord</span></em>”</span> by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b c d l</span></span>.—In S. Mark vi. 16—(viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“But +when Herod heard thereof, he said [This is] John whom I beheaded. He +is risen [from the dead],”</span>)—the five words in brackets are omitted by our +Revisers on the authority of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span> Δ. But א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> further omit Ἰωάννην: +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c d</span></span> omit ὁ: א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b d l</span></span> omit ὅτι. To enumerate and explain the effects of all +the barbarous Mutilations which the Gospels alone have sustained at the +hands of א, of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">would fill many volumes like the present</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_176" name="note_176" href="#noteref_176">176.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Chrysostom, vii. 825.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_177" name="note_177" href="#noteref_177">177.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the Creed</span></span>, Art. iv. <span class="tei tei-q">“Dead:”</span> about half-way through.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_178" name="note_178" href="#noteref_178">178.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Coptic represents ὅτι ἐξέπνευσε.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_179" name="note_179" href="#noteref_179">179.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Namely, of ἘΝ τῇ Βας. σου, which is the reading of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known copy +but two</span></em>; besides Origen, Eusebius, Cyril Jer., Chrysostom, &c. Only <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> +read ΕἸΣ,—which Westcott and Hort adopt.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_180" name="note_180" href="#noteref_180">180.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 261.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_181" name="note_181" href="#noteref_181">181.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 936, 1363.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_182" name="note_182" href="#noteref_182">182.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 158.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_183" name="note_183" href="#noteref_183">183.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 301.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_184" name="note_184" href="#noteref_184">184.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. vi. 53.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_185" name="note_185" href="#noteref_185">185.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 396.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_186" name="note_186" href="#noteref_186">186.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 431.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_187" name="note_187" href="#noteref_187">187.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Ut ab additamenti ratione alienum est, ita cur omiserint in promptu +est.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_188" name="note_188" href="#noteref_188">188.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">But then, 25 (out of 320) pages of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> are lost: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>'s omissions in the +Gospels may therefore be estimated at 4000. Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> does not admit of +comparison, the first 24 chapters of S. Matthew having perished; but, from +examining the way it exhibits the other three Gospels, it is found that 650 +would about represent the number of words omitted from its text.—The +discrepancy between the texts of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, thus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">for the first time brought distinctly +into notice</span></em>, let it be distinctly borne in mind, is a matter wholly +irrespective of the merits or demerits of the Textus Receptus,—which, for +convenience only, is adopted as a standard: not, of course, of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Excellence</span></em> +but only of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Comparison</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_189" name="note_189" href="#noteref_189">189.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. the 1st, the 7th to 12th inclusive, and the 15th.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_190" name="note_190" href="#noteref_190">190.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Concerning <span class="tei tei-q">“the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">singular codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>,”</span>—as Bp. Ellicott phrases it,—see +back, pages 14 and 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_191" name="note_191" href="#noteref_191">191.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 42. Concerning the value of the last-named +authority, it is a satisfaction to enjoy the deliberate testimony +of the Chairman of the Revisionist body. See below, p. <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref">85</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_192" name="note_192" href="#noteref_192">192.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 156.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_193" name="note_193" href="#noteref_193">193.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 254.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_194" name="note_194" href="#noteref_194">194.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 344</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_195" name="note_195" href="#noteref_195">195.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 220, 1218.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_196" name="note_196" href="#noteref_196">196.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Luc.</span></span> 664 (Mai, iv. 1105).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_197" name="note_197" href="#noteref_197">197.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 653.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_198" name="note_198" href="#noteref_198">198.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“In Lucâ legimus <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">duos calices</span></em>, quibus discipulis propinavit,”</span> vii. 216.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_199" name="note_199" href="#noteref_199">199.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διδόμενον; τοῦτο ποιεῖτε εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν. ὡσαύτως +καὶ τὸ ποτήριον μετὰ τὸ δειπνῆσαι, λέγων, Τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον, ἡ καινὴ +διαθήκη ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυνόμενον.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_200" name="note_200" href="#noteref_200">200.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 1062.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_201" name="note_201" href="#noteref_201">201.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 747.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_202" name="note_202" href="#noteref_202">202.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 1516. See below, p. <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref">82</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_203" name="note_203" href="#noteref_203">203.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Abbott's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Collation of four important Manuscripts</span></span>, &c., 1877.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_204" name="note_204" href="#noteref_204">204.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 354.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_205" name="note_205" href="#noteref_205">205.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 543 and 681 ( = ed. Mass. 219 and 277).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_206" name="note_206" href="#noteref_206">206.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contra Noet.</span></span> c. 18; also ap. Theodoret iv. 132-3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_207" name="note_207" href="#noteref_207">207.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xix.; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> 116, 117.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_208" name="note_208" href="#noteref_208">208.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> pp. 55, 235.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_209" name="note_209" href="#noteref_209">209.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Epiph. i. 742, 785.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_210" name="note_210" href="#noteref_210">210.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">It is § 283 in his sectional system.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_211" name="note_211" href="#noteref_211">211.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 1121.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_212" name="note_212" href="#noteref_212">212.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 43; v. 392; vi. 604. Also <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> 235. And see below, p. <a href="#Pg082" class="tei tei-ref">82</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_213" name="note_213" href="#noteref_213">213.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 394, 402.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_214" name="note_214" href="#noteref_214">214.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 551.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_215" name="note_215" href="#noteref_215">215.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">[i. 742, 785;] ii. 36, 42.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_216" name="note_216" href="#noteref_216">216.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v. 263; vii. 791; viii. 377.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_217" name="note_217" href="#noteref_217">217.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 39.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_218" name="note_218" href="#noteref_218">218.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Theod. Mops.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_219" name="note_219" href="#noteref_219">219.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In loc. bis; ap. Galland. xii. 693; and Mai, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scriptt. Vett.</span></span> vi. 306.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_220" name="note_220" href="#noteref_220">220.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 327 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_221" name="note_221" href="#noteref_221">221.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iii. 389.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_222" name="note_222" href="#noteref_222">222.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 1101 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_223" name="note_223" href="#noteref_223">223.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Schol. 34.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_224" name="note_224" href="#noteref_224">224.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 692; iv. 271, 429; v. 23. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conc.</span></span> iii. 907 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_225" name="note_225" href="#noteref_225">225.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 740 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_226" name="note_226" href="#noteref_226">226.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. vi. 16, 17, 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_227" name="note_227" href="#noteref_227">227.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Cosmam, ii. 331.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_228" name="note_228" href="#noteref_228">228.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 544.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_229" name="note_229" href="#noteref_229">229.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In Dionys. ii. 18, 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_230" name="note_230" href="#noteref_230">230.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xii. 693.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_231" name="note_231" href="#noteref_231">231.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> 688.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_232" name="note_232" href="#noteref_232">232.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 108, 1028, 1048.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_233" name="note_233" href="#noteref_233">233.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Epist.</span></span> 138</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_234" name="note_234" href="#noteref_234">234.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 1061.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_235" name="note_235" href="#noteref_235">235.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 747.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_236" name="note_236" href="#noteref_236">236.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 901, 902, 1013, 1564.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_237" name="note_237" href="#noteref_237">237.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 373.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_238" name="note_238" href="#noteref_238">238.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. ix. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_239" name="note_239" href="#noteref_239">239.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> xi. 693.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_240" name="note_240" href="#noteref_240">240.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Let their own account of the matter be heard:—<span class="tei tei-q">“The documentary +evidence clearly designates [these verses] as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an early Western interpolation</span></em>, +adopted in eclectic texts.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“They can only be <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a fragment from the +Traditions</span></em>, written or oral, which were for a while at least <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">locally current</span></em>:”</span>—an +<span class="tei tei-q">“evangelic Tradition,”</span> therefore, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rescued from oblivion by the Scribes +of the second century</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_241" name="note_241" href="#noteref_241">241.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consider the places referred to in Epiphanius.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_242" name="note_242" href="#noteref_242">242.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The Editors shall speak for themselves concerning this, the first of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Seven last Words:”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“We cannot doubt that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it comes from an extraneous +source</span></em>:”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“need not have belonged originally <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to the book in which it is now +included</span></em>:”</span>—is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a Western interpolation</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Dr. Hort,—unconscious apparently that he is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">at the bar</span></em>, not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on the bench</span></em>,—passes +sentence (in his usual imperial style)—<span class="tei tei-q">“Text, Western and +Syrian”</span> (p. 67).—But then, (1st) It happens that our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> intercession +on behalf of His murderers is attested by upwards of forty Patristic +witnesses <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">from every part of ancient Christendom</span></em>: while, (2ndly) On the +contrary, the places in which it is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not found</span></em> are certain copies of the old +Latin, and codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, which is supposed to be our great <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> witness.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_243" name="note_243" href="#noteref_243">243.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Hort's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">N. T.</span></span> vol. ii. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Note</span></span>, p. 68.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_244" name="note_244" href="#noteref_244">244.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Eus. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hist. Eccl.</span></span> ii. 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_245" name="note_245" href="#noteref_245">245.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 521 and ... [Mass. 210 and 277.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_246" name="note_246" href="#noteref_246">246.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ed. Lagarde, p. 65 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">line</span></span> 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_247" name="note_247" href="#noteref_247">247.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 188. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hær.</span></span> iii. 18 p. 5.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_248" name="note_248" href="#noteref_248">248.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. iii. 38, 127.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_249" name="note_249" href="#noteref_249">249.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> ii. 714. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hom.</span></span> xi. 20.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_250" name="note_250" href="#noteref_250">250.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> 275.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_251" name="note_251" href="#noteref_251">251.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Routh, v. 161.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_252" name="note_252" href="#noteref_252">252.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">He places the verses in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Can.</span></span> x.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_253" name="note_253" href="#noteref_253">253.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 1120.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_254" name="note_254" href="#noteref_254">254.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 289.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_255" name="note_255" href="#noteref_255">255.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> iii. 219.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_256" name="note_256" href="#noteref_256">256.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 290.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_257" name="note_257" href="#noteref_257">257.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">15 times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_258" name="note_258" href="#noteref_258">258.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 48, 321, 428; ii. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">syr.</span></span>) 233.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_259" name="note_259" href="#noteref_259">259.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> 117, 256.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_260" name="note_260" href="#noteref_260">260.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 607.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_261" name="note_261" href="#noteref_261">261.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 232, 286.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_262" name="note_262" href="#noteref_262">262.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 85.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_263" name="note_263" href="#noteref_263">263.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 11, 16. Dr. Wright assigns them to the IVth century.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_264" name="note_264" href="#noteref_264">264.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eph.</span></span> c. x.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_265" name="note_265" href="#noteref_265">265.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 166, 168, 226.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_266" name="note_266" href="#noteref_266">266.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">6 times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_267" name="note_267" href="#noteref_267">267.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, ii. 197 ( = Cramer 52); iii. 392.—Dr. Hort's strenuous +pleading for the authority of Cyril on this occasion (who however is plainly +against him) is amusing. So is his claim to have the cursive <span class="tei tei-q">“82”</span> on his +side. He is certainly reduced to terrible straits throughout his ingenious +volume. Yet are we scarcely prepared to find an upright and honourable +man contending so hotly, and almost on any pretext, for the support of +those very Fathers which, when they are against him, (as, 99 times out of +100, they are,) he treats with utter contumely. He is observed to put up +with any ally, however insignificant, who even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seems</span></em> to be on his side.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_268" name="note_268" href="#noteref_268">268.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Theod. v. 1152.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_269" name="note_269" href="#noteref_269">269.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 423, 457.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_270" name="note_270" href="#noteref_270">270.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> i. 768; ii. 663.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_271" name="note_271" href="#noteref_271">271.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 1109, 1134.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_272" name="note_272" href="#noteref_272">272.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 374.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_273" name="note_273" href="#noteref_273">273.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 93.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_274" name="note_274" href="#noteref_274">274.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 67, 747.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_275" name="note_275" href="#noteref_275">275.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 814; ii. 819; v. 735.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_276" name="note_276" href="#noteref_276">276.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 88.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_277" name="note_277" href="#noteref_277">277.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Chrys. vi. 191.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_278" name="note_278" href="#noteref_278">278.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">11 times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_279" name="note_279" href="#noteref_279">279.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 782 f.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_280" name="note_280" href="#noteref_280">280.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">12 times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_281" name="note_281" href="#noteref_281">281.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">More than 60 times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_282" name="note_282" href="#noteref_282">282.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Cypr. (ed. Baluze), &c. &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_283" name="note_283" href="#noteref_283">283.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 42 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span>. See above, p. <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref">78</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_284" name="note_284" href="#noteref_284">284.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eclog. Proph.</span></span> p. 89.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_285" name="note_285" href="#noteref_285">285.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Luc.</span></span> 435 and 718.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_286" name="note_286" href="#noteref_286">286.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See pages <a href="#Pg093" class="tei tei-ref">93</a> to 97.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_287" name="note_287" href="#noteref_287">287.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 1528.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_288" name="note_288" href="#noteref_288">288.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So Sedulius Paschalis, ap. Galland. ix. 595.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_289" name="note_289" href="#noteref_289">289.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_290" name="note_290" href="#noteref_290">290.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Euseb. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ecl. Proph.</span></span> p. 89: Greg. Nyss. i. 570.—These last two places +have hitherto escaped observation.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_291" name="note_291" href="#noteref_291">291.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg049" class="tei tei-ref">49-50</a>, note 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_292" name="note_292" href="#noteref_292">292.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz., thus:—ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ, Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων +οὗτος.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_293" name="note_293" href="#noteref_293">293.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dean Alford, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in loc.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_294" name="note_294" href="#noteref_294">294.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ὁ Λουκᾶς μιᾷ λέγει τῶν σαββάτων ὄρθρου βαθέος φέρειν ἀρώματα γυναῖκας +ΔΎΟ τὰς ἀκολουθησάσας ἀυτῷ, αἵ τινες ἦσαν ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας συνακολουθήσασαι, +ὅτε ἔθαπτον αὐτὸν ἐλθοῦσαι ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα; αἵτινες ΔΎΟ, κ.τ.λ.,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad +Marinum</span></span>, ap. Mai, iv. 266.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_295" name="note_295" href="#noteref_295">295.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. i. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_296" name="note_296" href="#noteref_296">296.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dem.</span></span> 492.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_297" name="note_297" href="#noteref_297">297.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iv. 287, 293.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_298" name="note_298" href="#noteref_298">298.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 364.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_299" name="note_299" href="#noteref_299">299.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, ii. 439.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_300" name="note_300" href="#noteref_300">300.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. xi. 224.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_301" name="note_301" href="#noteref_301">301.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Joann.</span></span> p. 453.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_302" name="note_302" href="#noteref_302">302.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps.-Chrys. viii. 161-2. Johannes Thessal. ap. Galland. xiii. 189.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_303" name="note_303" href="#noteref_303">303.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iv. 293 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>; 294 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">diserte</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_304" name="note_304" href="#noteref_304">304.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 506, 1541.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_305" name="note_305" href="#noteref_305">305.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 91.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_306" name="note_306" href="#noteref_306">306.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 1108, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Luc.</span></span> 728 ( = Mai, ii. 441).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_307" name="note_307" href="#noteref_307">307.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 142; viii. 472.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_308" name="note_308" href="#noteref_308">308.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So Tertullian:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Manus et pedes suos inspiciendos offert</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Carn.</span></span> c. 5). +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Inspectui eorum manus et pedes suos offert</span></span>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Marc.</span></span> iv. c. 43). Also +Jerome i. 712.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_309" name="note_309" href="#noteref_309">309.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Resur.</span></span> 240 (quoted by J. Damascene, ii. 762).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_310" name="note_310" href="#noteref_310">310.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iv. 294.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_311" name="note_311" href="#noteref_311">311.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 906, quoted by Epiph. i. 1003.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_312" name="note_312" href="#noteref_312">312.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Theodoret, iv. 141.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_313" name="note_313" href="#noteref_313">313.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 49.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_314" name="note_314" href="#noteref_314">314.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 510; ii. 408, 418; iii. 91.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_315" name="note_315" href="#noteref_315">315.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 1108; vi. 23 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span>). Ap. Mai, ii. 442 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ter.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_316" name="note_316" href="#noteref_316">316.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 272.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_317" name="note_317" href="#noteref_317">317.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Joan.</span></span> 462, 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_318" name="note_318" href="#noteref_318">318.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 303.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_319" name="note_319" href="#noteref_319">319.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg078" class="tei tei-ref">78</a> and <a href="#Pg085" class="tei tei-ref">85</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_320" name="note_320" href="#noteref_320">320.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 579.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_321" name="note_321" href="#noteref_321">321.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 114 (ed. 1698).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_322" name="note_322" href="#noteref_322">322.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 9, 362, 622.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_323" name="note_323" href="#noteref_323">323.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 309; iv. 30; v. 531; vii. 581.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_324" name="note_324" href="#noteref_324">324.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vi. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_325" name="note_325" href="#noteref_325">325.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ep.</span></span> i. (ap. Gall. i. p. xii.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_326" name="note_326" href="#noteref_326">326.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 464.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_327" name="note_327" href="#noteref_327">327.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, pp. 565 and 571.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_328" name="note_328" href="#noteref_328">328.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> p. 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_329" name="note_329" href="#noteref_329">329.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">We depend for our Versions on Dr. S. C. Malan: pp. 31, 44.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_330" name="note_330" href="#noteref_330">330.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 147. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Conc.</span></span> v. 675.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_331" name="note_331" href="#noteref_331">331.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cord. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> i. 376.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_332" name="note_332" href="#noteref_332">332.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 599, 600 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">diserte</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_333" name="note_333" href="#noteref_333">333.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Photium, p. 644.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_334" name="note_334" href="#noteref_334">334.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Three times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_335" name="note_335" href="#noteref_335">335.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 663, 1461, ii. 1137.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_336" name="note_336" href="#noteref_336">336.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 367, 699.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_337" name="note_337" href="#noteref_337">337.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 139.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_338" name="note_338" href="#noteref_338">338.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. vi. 324.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_339" name="note_339" href="#noteref_339">339.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. P. i. 760.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_340" name="note_340" href="#noteref_340">340.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, p. 572.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_341" name="note_341" href="#noteref_341">341.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> p. 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_342" name="note_342" href="#noteref_342">342.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ἔτι δὲ ἀπιστούντων αὐτῷ, καὶ θαυμαζόντων ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_343" name="note_343" href="#noteref_343">343.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. from ch. xix. 7 to xx. 46.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_344" name="note_344" href="#noteref_344">344.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">We take leave to point out that, however favourable the estimate Drs. +Westcott and Hort may have personally formed of the value and importance +of the Vatican Codex (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>), nothing can excuse their summary handling, +not to say their contemptuous disregard, of all evidence adverse to that of +their own favourite guide. They <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pass by</span></em> whatever makes against the +reading they adopt, with the oracular announcement that the rival reading +is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western and Syrian</span></em>,”</span> as the case may be. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But we respectfully submit that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Syrian</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western</span></em>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Western and +Syrian</span></em>,”</span> as Critical expressions, are absolutely without meaning, as well as +without use to a student in this difficult department of sacred Science. +They supply no information. They are never supported by a particle of +intelligible evidence. They are often demonstrably wrong, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">always</span></em> +unreasonable. They are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Dictation</span></em>, not <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Criticism</span></em>. When at last it is +discovered that they do but signify that certain words <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are not found in +codex</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,—they are perceived to be the veriest <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">foolishness</span></em> also. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Progress is impossible while this method is permitted to prevail. If +these distinguished Professors have enjoyed a Revelation as to what the +Evangelists actually wrote, they would do well to acquaint the world with +the fact at the earliest possible moment. If, on the contrary, they are +merely relying on their own inner consciousness for the power of divining +the truth of Scripture at a glance,—they must be prepared to find their +decrees treated with the contumely which is due to imposture, of whatever +kind.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_345" name="note_345" href="#noteref_345">345.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Marcion (Epiph. i. 317);—Eusebius (Mai, iv. 266);—Epiphanius +(i. 348);—Cyril (Mai, ii. 438);—John Thessal. (Galland. xiii. 188).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_346" name="note_346" href="#noteref_346">346.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">[The discussion of this text has been left very nearly as it originally +stood,—the rather, because the reading of 1 Tim. iii. 16 will be found +fully discussed at the end of the present volume. See <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Index of Texts</span></span>.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_347" name="note_347" href="#noteref_347">347.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Companion to the Revised Version</span></span>, &c., by Alex. Roberts, D.D. (2nd +edit.), pp. 66-8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_348" name="note_348" href="#noteref_348">348.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of this, any one may convince himself by merely inspecting the +2 pages of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> which are exposed to view at the British Museum.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_349" name="note_349" href="#noteref_349">349.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For, of the 3 cursives usually cited for the same reading (17, 73, 181), +the second proves (on enquiry at Upsala) to be merely an abridgment of +Œcumenius, who certainly read Θεός; and the last is non-existent.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_350" name="note_350" href="#noteref_350">350.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, ii. 217 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_351" name="note_351" href="#noteref_351">351.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">viii. 214 b.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_352" name="note_352" href="#noteref_352">352.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">A single quotation is better than many references. Among a multitude +of proofs that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>, Gregory says:—Τιμοθέῳ δὲ διαῤῥήδῃν +βοᾷ; ὅτι ὁ Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι. ii. 693.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_353" name="note_353" href="#noteref_353">353.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Τοῦτο ἡμῖν τὸ μέγα μυστήριον ... ὁ ἐνανθρωπήσας δι᾽ ἡμᾶς καὶ +πτωχεύσας Θεός, ἵνα ἀναστήσῃ τὴν σάρκα. (i. 215 a.)—Τί τὸ μέγα μυστήριον?... +Θεὸς ἄνθρωπος γίνεται. (i. 685 b.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_354" name="note_354" href="#noteref_354">354.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Trin.</span></span> p. 83—where the testimony is express.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_355" name="note_355" href="#noteref_355">355.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Θεὸς γὰρ ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, i. 853 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_356" name="note_356" href="#noteref_356">356.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Rom.</span></span> p. 124.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_357" name="note_357" href="#noteref_357">357.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">One quotation may suffice:—Τὸ δὲ Θεὸν ὄντα, ἄνθρωπον θελῆσαι +γενέσθαι καὶ ἀνεσχέσθαι καταβῆναι τοσοῦτον ... τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ἐκπλήξεως +γέμον. ὂ δὴ καὶ Παῦλος θαυμάζων ἔλεγεν; καὶ ὁμολογουμένως μέγα ἐστὶ +τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστέριον; ποῖον μέγα; Θεὸς ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί; καὶ +πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ; οὐ γὰρ ἀγγέλων ἐπιλαμβάνεται ὁ Θεός, κ.τ.λ. i. 497. += Galland. xiv. 141.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_358" name="note_358" href="#noteref_358">358.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The following may suffice:—μέγα γὰρ τότε τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον; +πεφανέρωται γὰρ ἐν σαρκὶ Θεὸς ὢν καὶ ὁ Λόγος; ἐδικαιώθη δὲ καὶ ἐν πνεύματι. +v. p. ii.; p. 154 c d.—In a newly-recovered treatise of Cyril, 1 Tim. +iii. 16 is quoted at length with Θεός, followed by a remark on the ἐν ἀυτῷ +φανερωθεὶς Θεός. This at least is decisive. The place has been hitherto +overlooked.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_359" name="note_359" href="#noteref_359">359.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 92; iii. 657; iv. 19, 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_360" name="note_360" href="#noteref_360">360.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apud Athanasium, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> ii. 33, where see Garnier's prefatory note.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_361" name="note_361" href="#noteref_361">361.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Καθ᾽ ὂ γὰρ ὑπῆρχε Θεὸς [sc. ὁ Χριστὸς] τοῦτον ᾔτει τὸν νομοθέτην +δοθῆναι πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσι ... τοιγαροῦν καὶ δεξάμενα τὰ ἔθνη τὸν νομοθέτην, +τὸν ἐν σαρκὶ φανερωθέντα Θεόν. Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> iii. 69. The quotation +is from the lost work of Severus against Julian of Halicarnassus.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_362" name="note_362" href="#noteref_362">362.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Galland. xii. 152 e, 153 e, with the notes both of Garnier and +Gallandius.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_363" name="note_363" href="#noteref_363">363.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 313; ii. 263.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_364" name="note_364" href="#noteref_364">364.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Athanas. i. 706.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_365" name="note_365" href="#noteref_365">365.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 401-2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_366" name="note_366" href="#noteref_366">366.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Phot. 230.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_367" name="note_367" href="#noteref_367">367.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contra Hær. Noet.</span></span> c. 17.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_368" name="note_368" href="#noteref_368">368.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Clem. Al. 973.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_369" name="note_369" href="#noteref_369">369.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cap. xii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_370" name="note_370" href="#noteref_370">370.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ad Eph.</span></span> c. 19, 7; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad Magn.</span></span> c. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_371" name="note_371" href="#noteref_371">371.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introd.</span></span> pp. 555-6, and Berriman's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>, +pp. 229-263. Also the end of this volume.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_372" name="note_372" href="#noteref_372">372.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 887 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_373" name="note_373" href="#noteref_373">373.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 74 b.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_374" name="note_374" href="#noteref_374">374.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_375" name="note_375" href="#noteref_375">375.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As, that stupid fabrication, Τί με ἐρωτᾷς περὶ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ; (in S. Matth. +xix. 17):—the new incidents and sayings proposed for adoption, as in S. +Mark i. 27 (in the Synagogue of Capernaum): in S. John xiii. 21-6 (at the +last supper): in S. Luke xxiv. 17 (on the way to Emmaus):—the many +proposed omissions, as in S. Matth. vi. 13 (the Doxology): in xvi. 2, 3 +(the signs of the weather): in S. Mark ix. 44 & 46 (the words of woe): in +S. John v. 3, 4 (the Angel troubling the pool), &c. &c. &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_376" name="note_376" href="#noteref_376">376.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">It cannot be too plainly or too often stated that learned Prebendary +Scrivener is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">wholly guiltless</span></em> of the many spurious <span class="tei tei-q">“Readings”</span> with which +a majority of his co-Revisionists have corrupted the Word of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. He +pleaded faithfully,—but he pleaded in vain.—It is right also to state +that the scholarlike Bp. of S. Andrews (Dr. Charles Wordsworth) has +fully purged himself of the suspicion of complicity, by his printed (not +published) remonstrances with his colleagues.—The excellent Bp. of +Salisbury (Dr. Moberly) attended only 121 of their 407 meetings; and +that judicious scholar, the Abp. of Dublin (Dr. Trench) only 63. The +reader will find more on this subject at the close of Art. II.,—pp. <a href="#Pg228" class="tei tei-ref">228-30</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_377" name="note_377" href="#noteref_377">377.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eusebius,—Basil,—Chrysostom (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in loc.</span></span>),—Jerome,—Juvencus,—omit +the words. P. E. Pusey found them in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> Syriac copy. But the conclusive +evidence is supplied by the Manuscripts; not more than 1 out of 20 of +which contain this clause.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_378" name="note_378" href="#noteref_378">378.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Text”</span> of S. Luke vi. 48.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_379" name="note_379" href="#noteref_379">379.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version,”</span> supported by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d</span></span> and 12 other uncials, the +whole body of the cursives, the Syriac, Latin, and Gothic versions.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_380" name="note_380" href="#noteref_380">380.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Text”</span> of S. Luke v. 39.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_381" name="note_381" href="#noteref_381">381.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Authorized Version,”</span> supported by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span> and 14 other uncials, the whole +body of the cursives, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></em> the versions except the Peschito and the +Coptic.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_382" name="note_382" href="#noteref_382">382.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Address at Lincoln Diocesan Conference</span></span>,—p. 16.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_383" name="note_383" href="#noteref_383">383.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 99.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_384" name="note_384" href="#noteref_384">384.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dial.</span></span> capp. 88 and 103 (pp. 306, 310, 352).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_385" name="note_385" href="#noteref_385">385.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 113.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_386" name="note_386" href="#noteref_386">386.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. iii. 719, c d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_387" name="note_387" href="#noteref_387">387.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 15 (ap. Gall. iv. 296 b).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_388" name="note_388" href="#noteref_388">388.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">42 b, 961 e, 1094 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_389" name="note_389" href="#noteref_389">389.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. iv. 605 (ver. 365-6).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_390" name="note_390" href="#noteref_390">390.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Aug. viii. 423 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_391" name="note_391" href="#noteref_391">391.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-q">“Vox illa Patris, quæ super baptizatum facta est <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ego hodie genui te</span></em>,”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Enchirid.</span></span> c. 49 [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> vi. 215 a]):— +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Illud vero quod nonnulli codices habent secundum Lucam, hoc illa +voce sonuisse quod in Psalmo scriptum est, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Filius meus es tu: ego hodie +genui te</span></em>, quanquam in antiquioribus codicibus Græcis non inveniri perhibeatur, +tamen si aliquibus fide dignis exemplaribus confirmari possit, +quid aliud quam utrumque intelligendum est quolibet verborum ordine +de cælo sonuisse?”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Cons. Ev.</span></span> ii. c. 14 [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> iii. P. ii. 46 d e]). Augustine +seems to allude to what is found to have existed in the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Ebionite +Gospel</span></em>.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_392" name="note_392" href="#noteref_392">392.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Epiphanius (i. 138 b) quotes the passage which contains the statement.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_393" name="note_393" href="#noteref_393">393.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως—οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς: also—ἀνθρώπων.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_394" name="note_394" href="#noteref_394">394.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For my information on this subject, I am entirely indebted to one +who is always liberal in communicating the lore of which he is perhaps the +sole living depositary in England,—the Rev. Dr. S. C. Malan. See his +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Seven Chapters of the Revision of 1881, revised</span></span>,—p. 3. But especially +should the reader be referred to Dr. Malan's learned dissertation on this very +subject in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Select Readings in Westcott and Hort's Gr. Text of S. +Matth.</span></span>,—pp. 1 to 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_395" name="note_395" href="#noteref_395">395.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So Dr. Malan in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Select Readings</span></span> (see above note 1),—pp. 15, 17, 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_396" name="note_396" href="#noteref_396">396.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Liber <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">genituræ</span></em> Jesu Christi filii David, filii Abraham”</span> ... <span class="tei tei-q">“Gradatim +ordo deducitur ad Christi <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nativitatem</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Carne Christi</span></span>, c. 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_397" name="note_397" href="#noteref_397">397.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">A friendly critic complains that we do not specify which editions of the +Fathers we quote. Our reply is—This [was] a Review, not a Treatise. We +are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">constrained</span></em> to omit such details. Briefly, we always quote <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the best +Edition</span></em>. Critical readers can experience <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no</span></em> difficulty in verifying our +references. A few details shall however be added: Justin (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otto</span></span>): Irenæus +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Stieren</span></span>): Clemens Al. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Potter</span></span>): Tertullian (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Oehler</span></span>): Cyprian (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Baluze</span></span>): +Eusebius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gaisford</span></span>): Athanas. (1698): Greg. Nyss. (1638): Epiphan. +(1622): Didymus (1769): Ephraem Syr. (1732): Jerome (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vallarsi</span></span>): +Nilus (1668-73): Chrysostom (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Montfaucon</span></span>): Cyril (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Aubert</span></span>): Isidorus +(1638): Theodoret (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Schulze</span></span>): Maximus (1675): John Damascene (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lequien</span></span>): +Photius (1653). Most of the others (as Origen, Greg. Nazianz., +Basil, Cyril of Jer., Ambrose, Hilary, Augustine), are quoted from the +Benedictine editions. When we say <span class="tei tei-q">“Mai,”</span> we always mean his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nova +Biblioth. PP.</span></span> 1852-71. By <span class="tei tei-q">“Montfaucon,”</span> we mean the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nov. Coll. PP.</span></span> +1707. It is necessity that makes us so brief.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_398" name="note_398" href="#noteref_398">398.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 521 a to d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_399" name="note_399" href="#noteref_399">399.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 340.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_400" name="note_400" href="#noteref_400">400.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 889 line 37 (γένησιν).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_401" name="note_401" href="#noteref_401">401.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 943 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_402" name="note_402" href="#noteref_402">402.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 735.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_403" name="note_403" href="#noteref_403">403.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">1</span></span> 363, 676.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_404" name="note_404" href="#noteref_404">404.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 325 ( = Cyril v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 28 a).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_405" name="note_405" href="#noteref_405">405.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 48; viii. 314.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_406" name="note_406" href="#noteref_406">406.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In Matth. ii. 16.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_407" name="note_407" href="#noteref_407">407.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps.-Athanas. ii. 306 and 700: ps.-Chrysost. xii. 694.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_408" name="note_408" href="#noteref_408">408.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 470.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_409" name="note_409" href="#noteref_409">409.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. ix. 215.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_410" name="note_410" href="#noteref_410">410.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span> 188.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_411" name="note_411" href="#noteref_411">411.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 250 b.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_412" name="note_412" href="#noteref_412">412.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 426 a (γένησις).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_413" name="note_413" href="#noteref_413">413.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Διαφέρει γένεσις καὶ γέννησις; γένεσις μὲν γάρ ἐστι παρὰ Θεοῦ +πρώτη πλάσις, γέννησις δὲ ἡ ἐκ καταδίκης τοῦ θανάτου διὰ τὴν παράβασιν ἐξ +ἀλλήλων διαδοχή.—Galland. xiv. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> pp. 73, 74.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_414" name="note_414" href="#noteref_414">414.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">[dated 22 May <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 359] ap. Athan. i. 721 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_415" name="note_415" href="#noteref_415">415.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 722 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_416" name="note_416" href="#noteref_416">416.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 20 of the newly-recovered <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diatessaron</span></span>, translated from the Armenian. +The Exposition is claimed for Ephraem Syrus.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_417" name="note_417" href="#noteref_417">417.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Malan, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Seven Chapters of the Revision, revised</span></span>, p. 7.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_418" name="note_418" href="#noteref_418">418.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See below, note 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_419" name="note_419" href="#noteref_419">419.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See p. <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref">122</a>, note 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_420" name="note_420" href="#noteref_420">420.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 938, 952. Also ps.-Athan. ii. 409, excellently.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_421" name="note_421" href="#noteref_421">421.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span> 349.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_422" name="note_422" href="#noteref_422">422.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 116.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_423" name="note_423" href="#noteref_423">423.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 392; ii. 599, 600.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_424" name="note_424" href="#noteref_424">424.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 229.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_425" name="note_425" href="#noteref_425">425.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See p. <a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref">122</a>, note 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_426" name="note_426" href="#noteref_426">426.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 426, 1049 (5 times), 1052-3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_427" name="note_427" href="#noteref_427">427.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 76.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_428" name="note_428" href="#noteref_428">428.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Galland. ix. 636.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_429" name="note_429" href="#noteref_429">429.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 6 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς: which is also the reading of Syr<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">ev</span></span> and of the +Sahidic. The Memphitic version represents τὸν υἱόν.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_430" name="note_430" href="#noteref_430">430.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 276.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_431" name="note_431" href="#noteref_431">431.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gal. xiii. 662.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_432" name="note_432" href="#noteref_432">432.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Cat.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_433" name="note_433" href="#noteref_433">433.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 462.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_434" name="note_434" href="#noteref_434">434.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Ex hoc loco quidam perversissime suspicantur et alios filios habuisse +Mariam, dicentes primogenitum non dici nisi qui habeat et fratres</span></span>”</span> (vii. 14). +He refers to his treatise against Helvidius, ii. 210.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_435" name="note_435" href="#noteref_435">435.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface to Pastoral Epistles</span></span>,—more fully quoted facing p. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_436" name="note_436" href="#noteref_436">436.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Preface (quoted above facing p. 1,) is dated 3rd Nov. 1868.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_437" name="note_437" href="#noteref_437">437.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on Biblical Revision</span></span>, (1881) pp. 116 seqq. See above, pp. <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref">37-9</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_438" name="note_438" href="#noteref_438">438.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, pp. 30 and 49.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_439" name="note_439" href="#noteref_439">439.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST, translated +out of the Greek: being the Version set forth</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">1611, compared with +the most ancient Authorities, and Revised</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">1881</span></span>. Printed for the +Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, 1881. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament in the Original Greek, according to the Text +followed in the Authorized Version, together with the Variations adopted in +the Revised Version.</span></span> Edited for the Syndics of the Cambridge University +Press, by F. H. A. Scrivener, M.A., D.C.L., LL.D., Prebendary of Exeter +and Vicar of Hendon. Cambridge, 1881. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ἡ ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Greek Testament, with the Readings +adopted by the Revisers of the Authorized Version.</span></span> [Edited by the Ven. +Archdeacon Palmer, D.D.] Oxford, 1881. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament in the Original Greek.</span></span> The Text revised by +Brooke Foss Westcott, D.D., and Fenton John Anthony Hort, D.D. +Cambridge and London, 1881.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_440" name="note_440" href="#noteref_440">440.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Malan's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of S. John translated from the Eleven oldest Versions</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_441" name="note_441" href="#noteref_441">441.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Int. ii. 72; iv. 622 dis.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_442" name="note_442" href="#noteref_442">442.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">C. Noet.</span></span> § 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_443" name="note_443" href="#noteref_443">443.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 1275.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_444" name="note_444" href="#noteref_444">444.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span> 363.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_445" name="note_445" href="#noteref_445">445.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. v. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_446" name="note_446" href="#noteref_446">446.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 282.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_447" name="note_447" href="#noteref_447">447.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 486.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_448" name="note_448" href="#noteref_448">448.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ep. ad Paul. Sam. Concil.</span></span> i. 872 e; 889 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_449" name="note_449" href="#noteref_449">449.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. iv. 563.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_450" name="note_450" href="#noteref_450">450.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 546; viii. 153, 154, 277.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_451" name="note_451" href="#noteref_451">451.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 570; iv. 226, 1049, 1153.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_452" name="note_452" href="#noteref_452">452.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 150 (text); vi. 30, 169. Mai, ii. 69.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_453" name="note_453" href="#noteref_453">453.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 1102 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_454" name="note_454" href="#noteref_454">454.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Quoted by Leontius (Gall. xii. 693).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_455" name="note_455" href="#noteref_455">455.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Cat.</span></span> Cord. 96.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_456" name="note_456" href="#noteref_456">456.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 94.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_457" name="note_457" href="#noteref_457">457.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Ps.</span></span> ii. 323 and 343.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_458" name="note_458" href="#noteref_458">458.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Photium, p. 281.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_459" name="note_459" href="#noteref_459">459.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Montf. ii. 286.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_460" name="note_460" href="#noteref_460">460.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 288, 559, 567.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_461" name="note_461" href="#noteref_461">461.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps.-Athan. ii. 464. Another, 625. Another, 630. Ps.-Epiphan. ii. 287.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_462" name="note_462" href="#noteref_462">462.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 863, 903, 1428.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_463" name="note_463" href="#noteref_463">463.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. iii. 296.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_464" name="note_464" href="#noteref_464">464.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">32 dis.; 514; 1045 dis.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_465" name="note_465" href="#noteref_465">465.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. vi. 192.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_466" name="note_466" href="#noteref_466">466.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 679.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_467" name="note_467" href="#noteref_467">467.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Athan. ii. 646.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_468" name="note_468" href="#noteref_468">468.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. v. 124.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_469" name="note_469" href="#noteref_469">469.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> iii. 628, 675.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_470" name="note_470" href="#noteref_470">470.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> ix. 367.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_471" name="note_471" href="#noteref_471">471.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> ix. 493.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_472" name="note_472" href="#noteref_472">472.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Let the Reader, with a map spread before him, survey the whereabouts +of the several <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span> above enumerated, and mentally assign each +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Father</span></span> to his own approximate locality: then let him bear in mind that +995 out of 1000 of the extant <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Manuscripts</span></span> agree with those Fathers and +Versions; and let him further recognize that those MSS. (executed at +different dates in different countries) must severally represent independent +remote originals, inasmuch as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no two of them are found to be quite alike</span></em>.—Next, +let him consider that, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in all the Churches of the East</span></em>, these words +from the earliest period were read as <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">part of the Gospel for the Thursday +in Easter week</span></em>.—This done, let him decide whether it is reasonable that +two worshippers of codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1881—should attempt to thrust all this +mass of ancient evidence clean out of sight by their peremptory sentence +of exclusion,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Western and Syrian</span></span>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Drs. Westcott and Hort inform us that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the character of the attestation</span></em> +marks”</span> the clause (ὁ ὢν ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ), <span class="tei tei-q">“as a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Western gloss</span></span>.”</span> But the +<span class="tei tei-q">“attestation”</span> for retaining that clause—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>) Comes demonstrably from +every quarter of ancient Christendom:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>) Is more ancient (by 200 years) +than the evidence for omitting it:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>) Is more numerous, in the proportion +of 99 to 1:—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>) In point of respectability, stands absolutely alone. +For since we have <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">proved</span></em> that Origen and Didymus, Epiphanius and Cyril, +Ambrose and Jerome, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">recognize</span></em> the words in dispute, of what possible +Textual significancy can it be if presently (<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because it is sufficient for their +purpose</span></em>) the same Fathers are observed to quote S. John iii. 13 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no further +than down to the words </span><span class="tei tei-q">“Son of Man”</span></em>? No person, (least of all a professed +Critic,) who adds to his learning a few grains of common sense and a +little candour, can be misled by such a circumstance. Origen, Eusebius, +Proclus, Ephraim Syrus, Jerome, Marius, when they are only insisting +on the doctrinal significancy of the earlier words, naturally end their +quotation at this place. The two Gregories (Naz. [ii. 87, 168]: Nyss. +[Galland. vi. 522]), writing against the Apolinarian heresy, of course +quoted the verse no further than Apolinaris himself was accustomed (for +his heresy) to adduce it.... About the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">internal</span></em> evidence for the clause, +nothing has been said; but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> is simply overwhelming. We make our +appeal to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Catholic Antiquity</span></em>; and are content to rest our cause on +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">External Evidence</span></em>;—on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Copies</span></span>, on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Versions</span></span>, on <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Fathers</span></span>.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_473" name="note_473" href="#noteref_473">473.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 798, 799.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_474" name="note_474" href="#noteref_474">474.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 414.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_475" name="note_475" href="#noteref_475">475.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ant.</span></span> c. 50; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Consum.</span></span> c. 28.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_476" name="note_476" href="#noteref_476">476.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hist. Eccl.</span></span> v. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_477" name="note_477" href="#noteref_477">477.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ἐμβατεῦσαι;—Ἐπιβῆναι τὰ ἔνδον ἐξερευνῆσαι ἣ σκοπῆσαι. Phavorinus, +quoted by Brüder.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_478" name="note_478" href="#noteref_478">478.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. S. Luke iv. 39: Acts x. 17: xi. 11: xxii. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_479" name="note_479" href="#noteref_479">479.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke ii. 9 (where <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">came upon</span></em>”</span> is better than <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">stood by</span></em> them,”</span> and +should have been left): xxiv. 4: Acts xii. 7: xxii. 13: xxiii. 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_480" name="note_480" href="#noteref_480">480.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xx. 1: xxi. 34 (last Day): Acts iv. 1: vi. 12: xvii. 5 +(<span class="tei tei-q">“assault”</span>): xxiii. 27: xxviii. 2 (a rain-storm,—which, by the way, +suggests for τὸν ἐφεστῶτα a different rendering from <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the present</span></em>”</span>).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_481" name="note_481" href="#noteref_481">481.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke ii. 38.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_482" name="note_482" href="#noteref_482">482.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke x. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_483" name="note_483" href="#noteref_483">483.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. ch. xi. 20. So in Latin, <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Illa plurima sacrificia</span></span>. (Cic. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Fin.</span></span> 2. +20. 63.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_484" name="note_484" href="#noteref_484">484.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“The context”</span> (says learned Dr. Field) <span class="tei tei-q">“is too strong for philological +quibbles.”</span> The words <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">can by no possibility bear any other meaning</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium +Norvicense</span></span>, p. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_485" name="note_485" href="#noteref_485">485.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Στρατιώτης ὂς πρὸς τὸ φονεύειν τέτακται,—Theophylact, i. 201 e. +Boys quotes Seneca <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Irá</span></span>:—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Tunc centurio supplicio præpositus condere +gladium</span></em> speculatorem <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">jussit</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_486" name="note_486" href="#noteref_486">486.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Trench, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Study of Words</span></span>, p. 106.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_487" name="note_487" href="#noteref_487">487.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium Norvicense</span></span>, pars tertia, 1881, pp. 155.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_488" name="note_488" href="#noteref_488">488.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Compare Xenophon (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cyrop.</span></span> vii. 6. 8), τοὺς Συριστὶ ἐπισταμένους. The +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">plena locutio</span></span> is found in Nehem. xiii. 24,—οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν ἥμισυ λαλοῦντες +Ἁζωτιστί, καὶ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἐπιγινώσκοντες λαλεῖν Ἰουδαιστί (quoted by +Wetstein).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_489" name="note_489" href="#noteref_489">489.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cf. Acts i. 23; xvii. 31. The Latin is <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">statuerunt</span></span>”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">constituerunt</span></span>.”</span> +The Revisionists give <span class="tei tei-q">“appointed”</span> in the second of these places, and <span class="tei tei-q">“put +forward”</span> in the first. In both,—What becomes of their uniformity?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_490" name="note_490" href="#noteref_490">490.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 279.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_491" name="note_491" href="#noteref_491">491.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">καὶ τὸν δικαστὴν εἷλεν ὁ τέως κατάδικος εἶναι νομιζόμενος καὶ τὴν νίκην +αὐτὸς ὁ χειρωθεὶς ὁμολογεῖ λαμπρᾷ τῇ φωνῇ παρόντων ἁπάντων λέγων, ἐν +ὀλίγῳ κ.τ.λ. x. 307 b. (= xii. 433 a).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_492" name="note_492" href="#noteref_492">492.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ἐν ὀλίγῳ; τουτέστι παρὰ μικρόν. ix. 391 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_493" name="note_493" href="#noteref_493">493.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">καὶ τὸν δικάζοντα μικροῦ μεταπεῖσαι, ὡς καὶ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον λέγειν, ἐν +ὀλίγῳ κ.τ.λ. ii. 516 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_494" name="note_494" href="#noteref_494">494.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 399 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_495" name="note_495" href="#noteref_495">495.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v. 930 (παρ᾽ ὀλίγον).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_496" name="note_496" href="#noteref_496">496.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. Note in his copy of the N. T.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_497" name="note_497" href="#noteref_497">497.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">And the Revisionists: for see Rom. xi. 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_498" name="note_498" href="#noteref_498">498.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Yet even here they cannot abstain from putting in the margin the +peculiarly infelicitous alternative,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why didst thou forsake Me?</span></em>”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_499" name="note_499" href="#noteref_499">499.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As in Rom. vi. 2: ix. 13. 1 Cor. i. 27: vi. 20: ix. 11. Ephes. iv. +20, &c. &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_500" name="note_500" href="#noteref_500">500.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Comp. S. Matth. viii. 1, 5, 23, 28; ix. 27, 28; xxi. 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_501" name="note_501" href="#noteref_501">501.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ἐὰν οὖν προσφέρῃς.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_502" name="note_502" href="#noteref_502">502.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 155.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_503" name="note_503" href="#noteref_503">503.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Routh, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Rell</span></span>. iii. 226 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad calc.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_504" name="note_504" href="#noteref_504">504.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Mai, iv. 266.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_505" name="note_505" href="#noteref_505">505.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 1324.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_506" name="note_506" href="#noteref_506">506.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 380.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_507" name="note_507" href="#noteref_507">507.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Greg. Nyss. iii. 403.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_508" name="note_508" href="#noteref_508">508.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So also Heb. xi. 17, 28. And see the Revision of S. James i. 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_509" name="note_509" href="#noteref_509">509.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Comp. ἀφίεμεν in S. Lu. xi. 4. In the case of certain Greek verbs, the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">preterite</span></em> in form is invariably <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">present</span></em> in signification. See Dr. Field's +delightful <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium Norvicense</span></span>, p. 65.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_510" name="note_510" href="#noteref_510">510.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98-106</a>. Also <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">infra</span></span>, towards the end.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_511" name="note_511" href="#noteref_511">511.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As in S. Matth. xi. 11 and 2 Tim. iv. 17, where δέ is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“notwithstanding:”</span>—Phil. +i. 24 and Heb. xii. 11, where it is <span class="tei tei-q">“nevertheless.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_512" name="note_512" href="#noteref_512">512.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Eight</span></em> times in succession in 1 Cor. xii. 8-10, δέ is not represented in +the A. V. The ancients <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">felt</span></em> so keenly what Tyndale, Cranmer, the Geneva, +the Rheims, and the A. V. ventured to exhibit, that as often as not they +leave out the δέ,—in which our Revisionists twice follow them. The +reader of taste is invited to note the precious result of inserting <span class="tei tei-q">“and,”</span> as +the Revisionists have done six times, where according to the genius of the +English language it is not wanted at all.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_513" name="note_513" href="#noteref_513">513.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">38 times in the Genealogy, S. Matth. i.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_514" name="note_514" href="#noteref_514">514.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rom. xiv. 4: xv. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_515" name="note_515" href="#noteref_515">515.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rom. ix. 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_516" name="note_516" href="#noteref_516">516.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor. xii. 27.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_517" name="note_517" href="#noteref_517">517.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gal. ii. 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_518" name="note_518" href="#noteref_518">518.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Act xxvii. 26.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_519" name="note_519" href="#noteref_519">519.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rom. iii. 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_520" name="note_520" href="#noteref_520">520.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ephes. iv. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_521" name="note_521" href="#noteref_521">521.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor. v. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_522" name="note_522" href="#noteref_522">522.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Mark xv. 31.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_523" name="note_523" href="#noteref_523">523.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Mark vi. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_524" name="note_524" href="#noteref_524">524.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor. x. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_525" name="note_525" href="#noteref_525">525.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. vi. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_526" name="note_526" href="#noteref_526">526.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. John xx. 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_527" name="note_527" href="#noteref_527">527.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor. i. 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_528" name="note_528" href="#noteref_528">528.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor. vii. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_529" name="note_529" href="#noteref_529">529.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor. ii. 12.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_530" name="note_530" href="#noteref_530">530.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Pet. iii. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_531" name="note_531" href="#noteref_531">531.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. ii. 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_532" name="note_532" href="#noteref_532">532.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 Cor. xii. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_533" name="note_533" href="#noteref_533">533.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 S. John i. 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_534" name="note_534" href="#noteref_534">534.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xxv. 39.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_535" name="note_535" href="#noteref_535">535.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts viii. 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_536" name="note_536" href="#noteref_536">536.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rom. xii. 6.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_537" name="note_537" href="#noteref_537">537.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. vi. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_538" name="note_538" href="#noteref_538">538.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As in S. Matth. vii. 9: xii. 29: xx. 15. Rom. iii. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_539" name="note_539" href="#noteref_539">539.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xx. 15: xxvi. 53. Rom. iii. 29: vi. 3: vii. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_540" name="note_540" href="#noteref_540">540.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. John xvi. 32.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_541" name="note_541" href="#noteref_541">541.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xix. 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_542" name="note_542" href="#noteref_542">542.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Cor. xiii. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_543" name="note_543" href="#noteref_543">543.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xii. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_544" name="note_544" href="#noteref_544">544.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xviii. 7.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_545" name="note_545" href="#noteref_545">545.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S Luke xiv. 21.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_546" name="note_546" href="#noteref_546">546.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 S. John ii. 27.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_547" name="note_547" href="#noteref_547">547.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1 S. John i. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_548" name="note_548" href="#noteref_548">548.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Mark ix. 39.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_549" name="note_549" href="#noteref_549">549.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xxiii. 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_550" name="note_550" href="#noteref_550">550.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consider S. Matth. iii. 16,—ἀνέβη ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος: and ver. 6,—ἐβαπτίζοντο +ἐν τῷ Ἰορδάνῃ.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_551" name="note_551" href="#noteref_551">551.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνανεστράφη.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_552" name="note_552" href="#noteref_552">552.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Galland. iv. 6 b <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_553" name="note_553" href="#noteref_553">553.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 279.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_554" name="note_554" href="#noteref_554">554.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ix. 400.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_555" name="note_555" href="#noteref_555">555.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 707.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_556" name="note_556" href="#noteref_556">556.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The circumstance is noticed and explained in the same way by Dr. +Field in his delightful <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium Norvicense</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_557" name="note_557" href="#noteref_557">557.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iv. 79 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_558" name="note_558" href="#noteref_558">558.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Thus Cyril addresses one of his Epistles to Acacius Bp. of Melitene,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, +iii. 1111.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_559" name="note_559" href="#noteref_559">559.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Dr. Field's delightful <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Otium Norvicense</span></span> (Pars tertia), 1881, pp. +1-4 and 110, 111. This masterly contribution to Sacred Criticism ought to +be in the hands of every student of Scripture.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_560" name="note_560" href="#noteref_560">560.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Hesychius, and the notes on the place.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_561" name="note_561" href="#noteref_561">561.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes designed to illustrate some expressions in the Gk. Test. by a +reference to the</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">lxx.</span></span>, &c. By C. F. B. Wood, Præcentor of Llandaff,—Rivingtons, +1882, (pp. 21,)—p. 17:—an admirable performance, only far too +brief.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_562" name="note_562" href="#noteref_562">562.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Μὴ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τῷ θεῷ ῥῆμα?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_563" name="note_563" href="#noteref_563">563.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Οὐκ ἀδυνατήσει παρὰ τῷ θεῷ πᾶν ῥῆμα.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_564" name="note_564" href="#noteref_564">564.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">[Pointed out to me by Professor Gandell,—whose exquisite familiarity +with Scripture is only equalled by his readiness to communicate his +knowledge to others.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_565" name="note_565" href="#noteref_565">565.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">μύρου νάρδου πιστικῆς and ἐνταφιασμός,—S. Mark xiv. 3 and 8: S. John +xii. 3 and 7. Hear Origen (apud Hieron. iii. 517):—<span class="tei tei-q">“Non de nardo propositum +est nunc Spiritui Sancto dicere, neque de hoc quod oculis intuemur, +Evangelista scribit, unguento; sed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">de nardo spirituali</span></em>.”</span> And so +Jerome himself, vii. 212.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_566" name="note_566" href="#noteref_566">566.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ps. xxxiii. 18 (ἐγγὺς Κύριος τοῖς συντετριμμένοις τὴν καρδίαν): Is. +lvii. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_567" name="note_567" href="#noteref_567">567.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consider Ignatius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad Ephes.</span></span> c. xvii. Also, the exquisite remark of +Theod. Heracl. in Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_568" name="note_568" href="#noteref_568">568.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">We prefer that readers should be reminded, by the varied form, of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Greek</span></em> original. In the extreme case (Acts vii. 45: Hebr. iv. 8), is it not +far more edifying that attention should be in this way directed to the +identity of the names <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Joshua</span></span>”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Jesus</span></span>,”</span> than that the latter word +should be entirely obliterated by the former;—and this, only for the sake +of unmistakeably proclaiming, (what yet must needs be perfectly manifest, +viz.) that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">Joshua</span></span>”</span> is the personage spoken of?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_569" name="note_569" href="#noteref_569">569.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So, in S. Luke xxiii. 25, and Acts iii. 14: xiii. 28,—still following +Tyndale.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_570" name="note_570" href="#noteref_570">570.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xii. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_571" name="note_571" href="#noteref_571">571.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eph. iii. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_572" name="note_572" href="#noteref_572">572.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For, as the story plainly shows (2 Sam. vii. 2, 3; 1 Chron. xvii. 1, 2), +it was only <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in his heart</span></em>”</span> to build <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> an house (1 Kings viii. 17, 18). +Hence Cranmer's <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">he would fain</span></em>”</span> have done so.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_573" name="note_573" href="#noteref_573">573.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xvi. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_574" name="note_574" href="#noteref_574">574.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Col. i. 9.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_575" name="note_575" href="#noteref_575">575.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xiv. 15, 22, 23 (= S. Mark vi. 36, 45, [and note the substitution +of ἀποταξάμενος in ver. 46]: S. Luke ix. 12): and xv. 32, 39 (= S. +Mark viii. 9).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_576" name="note_576" href="#noteref_576">576.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matt. xiii. 36: and S. Mark iv. 36.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_577" name="note_577" href="#noteref_577">577.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xii. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_578" name="note_578" href="#noteref_578">578.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xvi. 16.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_579" name="note_579" href="#noteref_579">579.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Verses 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 31.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_580" name="note_580" href="#noteref_580">580.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Twice he calls it μνῆμα.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_581" name="note_581" href="#noteref_581">581.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ch. xxvii. 61, 64, 66; xxviii. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_582" name="note_582" href="#noteref_582">582.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Except in 2 Tim. iii. 16,—where πρὸς διδασκαλίαν is rendered <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ad +docendum</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_583" name="note_583" href="#noteref_583">583.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Except in Rom. xii. 7,—where ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">on +teaching</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_584" name="note_584" href="#noteref_584">584.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Except in Rom. xvi. 17, where they render it <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">doctrine</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_585" name="note_585" href="#noteref_585">585.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">And yet, since upwards of 50 times we are molested with a marginal +note to inform us that διδάσκαλος means <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Teacher</span></em>”</span>—διδασκαλία (rather +than διδαχή) might have claimed to be rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">teaching</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_586" name="note_586" href="#noteref_586">586.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Rom. xii. 7: 1 Tim. iv. 13, 16: v. 17: 2 Tim. iii. 10, 16.—Rom. +xv. 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_587" name="note_587" href="#noteref_587">587.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eight times in Rev. xvi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_588" name="note_588" href="#noteref_588">588.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xxvi. 7. S. Mark xiv. 3. S. Luke vii. 37.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_589" name="note_589" href="#noteref_589">589.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">γλωσσόκομον. Consider the LXX. of 2 Chron. xxiv. 8, 10, 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_590" name="note_590" href="#noteref_590">590.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ζώνας.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_591" name="note_591" href="#noteref_591">591.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> S. Matth. xxvi. 48. S. Luke ii. 12.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_592" name="note_592" href="#noteref_592">592.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Δύναμις is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“miracle”</span> in the R. V. about half-a-dozen times.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_593" name="note_593" href="#noteref_593">593.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts iv. 16, 22.—On the other hand, <span class="tei tei-q">“sign”</span> was allowed to represent +σημεῖον repeatedly in the A. V., as in S. Matth. xii. 38, &c., and the parallel +places: S. Mark xvi. 17, 20: S. John xx. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_594" name="note_594" href="#noteref_594">594.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Canon Cook's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Version of the first three Gospels considered</span></span>, &c.—p. +26: an admirable performance,—unanswered, because <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unanswerable</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_595" name="note_595" href="#noteref_595">595.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Dr. Vance Smith's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Texts and Margins</span></span>,—p. 45.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_596" name="note_596" href="#noteref_596">596.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xvii. 15: S. Mk. ix. 18, 20, 22, 26: S. Lu. ix. 39, 42.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_597" name="note_597" href="#noteref_597">597.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Consider our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> solemn words in Mtt. xvii. 21,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But this kind +goeth not out save by prayer and fasting</span></em>,”</span>—12 words left out by the R. V., +though witnessed to by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the Copies but</span></em> 3: by the Latin, Syriac, Coptic, +and Armenian Versions: and by the following Fathers:—(1) Origen, (2) +Tertullian, (3) the Syriac Clement, (4) the Syriac <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Canons of Eusebius</span></span>, (5) +Athanasius, (6) Basil, (7) Ambrose, (8) Juvencus, (9) Chrysostom, (10) +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opus imp.</span></span>, (11) Hilary, (12) Augustine, (13) J. Damascene, and others. +Then (it will be asked), why have the Revisionists left them out? Because +(we answer) they have been misled by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א, Cureton's Syriac and the +Sahidic,—as untrustworthy a quaternion of witnesses to the text of +Scripture as could be named.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_598" name="note_598" href="#noteref_598">598.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The word is only not banished entirely from the N. T. It occurs +twice (viz. in Rom. i. 20, and Jude ver. 6), but only as the rendering of +ἀῖδιος.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_599" name="note_599" href="#noteref_599">599.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xxv. 46.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_600" name="note_600" href="#noteref_600">600.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Clemens Al. (p. 71) says:—τὰσ γραφὰς ὁ Ἀπόστολος Θεοπνεύστους +καλεῖ, ὠφελίμους οὔσας. Tertullian,—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Legimus omnem Scripturam +ædificationi habilem, divinitus inspirari.</span></span> Origen (ii. 443),—πᾶσα γραφὴ +θεόπνευστος οὖσα ὠφελιμός ἐστι. Gregory Nyss. (ii. 605),—πᾶσα γραφὴ +θεόπνευστος λέγεται. Dial. (ap. Orig. i. 808),—πᾶσα γραφὴ θεόπνευστος +λέγεται παρὰ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου. So Basil, Chrysostom, Cyril, Theodoret, &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_601" name="note_601" href="#noteref_601">601.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Archdeacon Lee <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">on Inspiration</span></span>, pp. 261-3, reading his notes.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_602" name="note_602" href="#noteref_602">602.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. John xvi. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_603" name="note_603" href="#noteref_603">603.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Study by all means Basil's letter to Amphilochius, (vol. iii. p. 360 to +362.)—Ἔστιν οὖν ὁ νοῦς ὁ παρὰ τῷ Μάρκῳ τοιοῦτος; Περὶ δὲ τῆς ἡμέρας +ἐκείνης ἢ ὥρας, οὐδεὶς οἶδεν, οὔτε οἱ ἄγγελοι τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδ᾽ ἄν ὁ Υἱὸς +ἔγνω, εἰ μὴ ὁ Πατέρ; ἐκ γὰρ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτῷ ὑπῆρχε δεδομένη ἡ γνῶσις ... +τουτέστιν, ἡ αἰτία τοῦ εἰδέναι τὸν Υἱὸν παρὰ τοῦ Πατρός; καὶ ἀβίαστός ἐστι +τῷ εὐγνωμόνως ἀκούοντι ἡ ἐξήγησις αὕτη. ἐπειδὴ οὐ πρόσκειται τὸ μόνος; +ὡς καὶ παρὰ τῷ Ματθαίῳ.—(p. 362 c.) Basil says of this interpretation—ἂ +τοίνυν ἐκ παιδὸς παρὰ τῶν πατέρων ἠκούσαμεν.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_604" name="note_604" href="#noteref_604">604.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, p. 109.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_605" name="note_605" href="#noteref_605">605.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Celebre effugium</span></span>, (as Dr. Routh calls it,) <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod ex falsâ verborum constructione +Critici quidam hæreticis pararunt.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reliqq.</span></span> iii. 322-3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_606" name="note_606" href="#noteref_606">606.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span> alone has a point between ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων and Θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς +τους αἰῶνας. But this is an entirely different thing from what is noted in +the margin.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_607" name="note_607" href="#noteref_607">607.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. communication from the Rev. S. C. Malan.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_608" name="note_608" href="#noteref_608">608.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 506.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_609" name="note_609" href="#noteref_609">609.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opusc.</span></span> i. 52, 58; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Phil.</span></span> 339.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_610" name="note_610" href="#noteref_610">610.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 612.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_611" name="note_611" href="#noteref_611">611.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Routh, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reliqq. Sac.</span></span> iii. 292, and 287. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> i. 845 b. c.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_612" name="note_612" href="#noteref_612">612.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, i. 873 d: 876 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_613" name="note_613" href="#noteref_613">613.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vi. c. 26.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_614" name="note_614" href="#noteref_614">614.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 414, 415, 429, 617, 684, 908.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_615" name="note_615" href="#noteref_615">615.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 282. And in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> 317.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_616" name="note_616" href="#noteref_616">616.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span> 21, 29, 327, 392. Mai, vii. 303.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_617" name="note_617" href="#noteref_617">617.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 596 a, (quoted by the Emp. Justinian [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> v. 697] and the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicon Paschale</span></span>, 355), 693, 697; iii. 287. Galland. vi. 575.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_618" name="note_618" href="#noteref_618">618.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 481, 487, 894, 978; ii. 74.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_619" name="note_619" href="#noteref_619">619.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Cyril (ed. Pusey), v. 534.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_620" name="note_620" href="#noteref_620">620.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. iii. 805.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_621" name="note_621" href="#noteref_621">621.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. iv. 576.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_622" name="note_622" href="#noteref_622">622.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Phot. col. 761, 853.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_623" name="note_623" href="#noteref_623">623.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. vi. 8, 9, 80.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_624" name="note_624" href="#noteref_624">624.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. vii. 618, and ap. Hieron. i. 560.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_625" name="note_625" href="#noteref_625">625.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 522 e ( = iv. 297 d = ap. Gall. viii. 667). Also, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span> +(Harduin), i. 1413 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_626" name="note_626" href="#noteref_626">626.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. ix. 474.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_627" name="note_627" href="#noteref_627">627.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. ix. 690, 691 ( = <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> iii. 1230, 1231).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_628" name="note_628" href="#noteref_628">628.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Homilia</span></span> (Arm.), p. 165 and 249.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_629" name="note_629" href="#noteref_629">629.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 464, 483; vi. 534; vii. 51; viii. 191; ix. 604, 653; x. 172.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_630" name="note_630" href="#noteref_630">630.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">1</span></span> 20, 503, 765, 792; v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 58, 105, 118, 148; vi. 328. Ap. Mai, ii. 70, +86, 96, 104; iii. 84 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in Luc.</span></span> 26.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_631" name="note_631" href="#noteref_631">631.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 1099 b.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_632" name="note_632" href="#noteref_632">632.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 103; ii. 1355; iii. 215, 470; iv. 17, 433, 1148, 1264, 1295, 1309; v. +67, 1093.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_633" name="note_633" href="#noteref_633">633.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> 160.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_634" name="note_634" href="#noteref_634">634.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid. in Act.</span></span> 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_635" name="note_635" href="#noteref_635">635.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 166.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_636" name="note_636" href="#noteref_636">636.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, ii. 195.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_637" name="note_637" href="#noteref_637">637.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. xii. 251.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_638" name="note_638" href="#noteref_638">638.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. xii. 682.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_639" name="note_639" href="#noteref_639">639.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 64.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_640" name="note_640" href="#noteref_640">640.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 557; ii. 35, 88.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_641" name="note_641" href="#noteref_641">641.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Prax. 13, 15—<span class="tei tei-q">“Christum autem et ipse Deum cognominavit, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Quorum +patres, et ex quibus Christus secundum carnem, qui est super omnia Deus +benedictus in ævum</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_642" name="note_642" href="#noteref_642">642.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 287.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_643" name="note_643" href="#noteref_643">643.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. iii. 296, 313.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_644" name="note_644" href="#noteref_644">644.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 1470; ii. 457, 546, 609, 790.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_645" name="note_645" href="#noteref_645">645.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, ii. 982 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_646" name="note_646" href="#noteref_646">646.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">78, 155, 393, 850, 970, 1125, 1232.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_647" name="note_647" href="#noteref_647">647.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 870, 872.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_648" name="note_648" href="#noteref_648">648.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. viii. 157.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_649" name="note_649" href="#noteref_649">649.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. vii. 589, 590.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_650" name="note_650" href="#noteref_650">650.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. viii. 627.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_651" name="note_651" href="#noteref_651">651.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">709, 711.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_652" name="note_652" href="#noteref_652">652.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. x. 722.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_653" name="note_653" href="#noteref_653">653.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. xi. 233, 237.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_654" name="note_654" href="#noteref_654">654.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 1364, 1382.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_655" name="note_655" href="#noteref_655">655.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Gall. 352, 357.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_656" name="note_656" href="#noteref_656">656.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> 674.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_657" name="note_657" href="#noteref_657">657.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 16, 215, 413.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_658" name="note_658" href="#noteref_658">658.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 839; v. 769; xii. 421.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_659" name="note_659" href="#noteref_659">659.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Those of our readers who wish to pursue this subject further may +consult with advantage Dr. Gifford's learned note on the passage in the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Speaker's Commentary</span></span>. Dr. Gifford justly remarks that <span class="tei tei-q">“it is the +natural and simple construction, which every Greek scholar would adopt +without hesitation, if no question of doctrine were involved.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_660" name="note_660" href="#noteref_660">660.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Note, that this has been the language of the Church from the +beginning. Thus Tertullian,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Aquam adituri ... contestamur nos renuntiare +diabolo, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">et pompæ et angelis ejus</span></em>”</span> (i. 421): and Ambrose,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Quando +te interrogavit, Abrenuntias diabolo <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">et operibus ejus</span></em>, quid respondisti? +Abrenuntio. Abrenuntias <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">sæculo et voluptatibus ejus</span></em>, quid +respondisti? Abrenuntio”</span> (ii. 350 c): and Ephraem Syrus,—Ἀποτάσσομαι +τῷ Σατανᾷ καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἔργοις αὐτοῦ (ii. 195 and iii. 399). And Cæsarius +of Arles,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Abrenuntias diabolo, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">pompis et operibus ejus</span></em> ... Abrenuntio”</span> +(Galland. xi. 18 e).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_661" name="note_661" href="#noteref_661">661.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">2 Tim. iv. 18.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_662" name="note_662" href="#noteref_662">662.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. John xvii. 24.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_663" name="note_663" href="#noteref_663">663.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 140.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_664" name="note_664" href="#noteref_664">664.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Marcell. p. 192.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_665" name="note_665" href="#noteref_665">665.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In loc. diserte.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_666" name="note_666" href="#noteref_666">666.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eth.</span></span> ii. 297.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_667" name="note_667" href="#noteref_667">667.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">viii. 485.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_668" name="note_668" href="#noteref_668">668.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Text</span></span>, iv. 1003; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Comm.</span></span> 1007, which are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two distinct authorities</span></em>, as +learned readers of Cyril are aware.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_669" name="note_669" href="#noteref_669">669.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 356 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_670" name="note_670" href="#noteref_670">670.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 450.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_671" name="note_671" href="#noteref_671">671.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 235, 321.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_672" name="note_672" href="#noteref_672">672.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 412; ii. 566, 649.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_673" name="note_673" href="#noteref_673">673.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 1017, 1033.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_674" name="note_674" href="#noteref_674">674.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Victricius ap. Gall. viii. 230. Also ps.-Chrys. v. 680.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_675" name="note_675" href="#noteref_675">675.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 966 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">dis.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_676" name="note_676" href="#noteref_676">676.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dem.</span></span> 92.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_677" name="note_677" href="#noteref_677">677.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 319.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_678" name="note_678" href="#noteref_678">678.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Trin.</span></span> 190.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_679" name="note_679" href="#noteref_679">679.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v. 1039, 1069.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_680" name="note_680" href="#noteref_680">680.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 460.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_681" name="note_681" href="#noteref_681">681.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">v. 615.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_682" name="note_682" href="#noteref_682">682.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 584. Cyril read the place both ways:—v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">2</span></span> 156, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in Luc.</span></span> p. 52.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_683" name="note_683" href="#noteref_683">683.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 720.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_684" name="note_684" href="#noteref_684">684.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 381; iii. 962; iv. 601.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_685" name="note_685" href="#noteref_685">685.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Galland. vii. 183.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_686" name="note_686" href="#noteref_686">686.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Montf. ii. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_687" name="note_687" href="#noteref_687">687.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 333; v. 444; x. 498, 620; xii. 329.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_688" name="note_688" href="#noteref_688">688.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 77; iii. 349.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_689" name="note_689" href="#noteref_689">689.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 252.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_690" name="note_690" href="#noteref_690">690.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Deseruimus fere quos sequi solemus codices.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_691" name="note_691" href="#noteref_691">691.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 38 ( = Gall. vii. 26).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_692" name="note_692" href="#noteref_692">692.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 298, 613.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_693" name="note_693" href="#noteref_693">693.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">viii. 351, 352.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_694" name="note_694" href="#noteref_694">694.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 652 c, 653 a, 654 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_695" name="note_695" href="#noteref_695">695.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 748; iv. 274, 550.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_696" name="note_696" href="#noteref_696">696.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Dionys. Ar.</span></span> ii. 192.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_697" name="note_697" href="#noteref_697">697.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As these sheets are passing through the press, we have received a book +by Sir Edmund Beckett, entitled, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Should the Revised New Testament be +Authorized?</span></span> In four Chapters, the author discusses with characteristic +vigour, first, the principles and method of the Revisers, and then the +Gospel of S. Matthew, the Epistle to the Hebrews, and the Apocalypse, as +fair samples of their work, with a union of sound sense, forensic skill, and +scholarship more skilful than to deserve his cautious disclaimer. Amidst +details open, of course, to discussion, abundant proofs are set forth, in a +most telling style, that the plea of <span class="tei tei-q">“necessity”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“faithfulness”</span> utterly +fails, in justification of a mass of alterations, which, in point of English +composition, carry their condemnation on their face, and, to sum up the +great distinction between the two Versions, illustrate <span class="tei tei-q">“the difference between +working by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">discretion</span></em> and by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rules</span></em>—by which no great thing was ever +done or ever will be.”</span> Sir Edmund Beckett is very happy in his exposure +of the abuse of the famous canon of preferring the stranger reading to the +more obvious, as if copyists never made stupid blunders or perpetrated +wilful absurdities. The work deserves the notice of all English readers.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_698" name="note_698" href="#noteref_698">698.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">It has been objected by certain of the Revisionists that it is not fair to +say that <span class="tei tei-q">“they were appointed to do one thing, and have done another.”</span> +We are glad of this opportunity to explain. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +That <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">some</span></em> corrections of the Text were necessary, we are well aware: and +had those <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">necessary</span></em> changes been made, we should only have had words of +commendation and thanks to offer. But it is found that by Dr. Hort's +eager advocacy two-thirds of the Revisionists have made a vast number +of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">perfectly needless changes</span></em>:—(1) Changes which <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">are incapable of being +represented in a Translation</span></em>: as ἐμοῦ for μου,—πάντες for ἅπαντες,—ὅτε +for ὁπότε. Again, since γέννησις, at least as much as γένεσις, means +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">birth</span></em>,”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">why</span></em> γένεσις in S. Matth. i. 18? Why, also, inform us that instead +of ἐν τῷ ἀμπελῶνι αὐτοῦ πεφυτευμένην, they prefer πεφυτευμένην ἐν τῷ +ἀμπελῶνι αὐτοῦ? and instead of καρπὸν ζητῶν,—ζητῶν καρπόν? Now this +they have done <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">throughout</span></em>,—at least 341 times in S. Luke alone. But +(what is far worse), (2) They suggest in the margin changes which yet +they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">do not adopt</span></em>. These numerous changes are, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">by their own confession</span></em>, +not <span class="tei tei-q">“necessary:”</span> and yet they are of a most serious character. In fact, it +is of these we chiefly complain.—But, indeed (3), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">How many</span></em> of their <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">other</span></em> +alterations of the Text will the Revisionists undertake to defend publicly +on the plea of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Necessity</span></em>”</span>? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[A vast deal more will be found on this subject towards the close of the +present volume. In the meantime, see above, pages <a href="#Pg087" class="tei tei-ref">87-88</a>.]</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_699" name="note_699" href="#noteref_699">699.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“We meet in every page”</span> (says Dr. Wordsworth, the learned Bishop +of Lincoln,) <span class="tei tei-q">“with small changes which are vexatious, teasing, and +irritating; even the more so because they are small (as small insects sting +most sharply), <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which seem almost to be made merely for the sake of +change</span></em>.”</span>—p. 25.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_700" name="note_700" href="#noteref_700">700.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the Revision of the English Version</span></span>, &c. (1870), p. 99.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_701" name="note_701" href="#noteref_701">701.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diocesan Progress</span></span>, Jan. 1882,—p. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_702" name="note_702" href="#noteref_702">702.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 49.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_703" name="note_703" href="#noteref_703">703.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Qui</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">lxx</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">interpretes non legit, aut minus legit accurate, is sciat se +non adeo idoneum, qui Scripta Evangelica Apostolica de Græco in +Latinum, aut alium aliquem sermonem transferat, ut ut in aliis Græcis +scriptoribus multum diuque fuerit versatus</span></span>.”</span> (John Bois, 1619.)—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Græcum +N. T. contextum rite intellecturo nihil est utilius quam diligenter versasse +Alexandrinam antiqui Fœderis interpretationem</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">e quâ unâ plus peti +poterit auxilii, quam ex veteribus Scriptoribus Græcis simul +sumtis</span></span>. <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Centena reperientur in N. T. nusquam obvia in scriptis Græcorum +veterum, sed frequentata in Alexandrinâ versione.</span></span>”</span> (Valcknaer, 1715-85.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_704" name="note_704" href="#noteref_704">704.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On the Authorized Version</span></span>,—p. 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_705" name="note_705" href="#noteref_705">705.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span>, p. xiv.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_706" name="note_706" href="#noteref_706">706.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>, No. 304.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_707" name="note_707" href="#noteref_707">707.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Quarterly Review</span></span>, No. 305.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_708" name="note_708" href="#noteref_708">708.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">At the head of the present Article, as it originally appeared, will be +found enumerated Dr. Scrivener's principal works. It shall but be said of +them, that they are wholly unrivalled, or rather unapproached, in their +particular department. Himself an exact and elegant Scholar,—a most +patient and accurate observer of Textual phenomena, as well as an +interesting and judicious expositor of their significance and value;—guarded +in his statements, temperate in his language, fair and impartial +(even kind) to all who come in his way:—Dr. Scrivener is the very best +teacher and guide to whom a beginner can resort, who desires to be led by +the hand, as it were, through the intricate mazes of Textual Criticism. +His <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament for the use of +Biblical Students</span></span>, (of which a third edition is now in the press,) is perforce +the most generally useful, because the most comprehensive, of his works; +but we strenuously recommend the three prefatory chapters of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Full and +Exact Collation of about twenty Greek Manuscripts of the Gospels</span></span> [pp. +lxxiv. and 178,—1853], and the two prefatory chapters of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Exact +Transcript of the Codex Augiensis</span></span>, &c., to which is added a full Collation +of Fifty Manuscripts, [pp. lxxx. and 563,—1859,] to the attention of +students. His Collation of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Codex Bezæ</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>) is perhaps the greatest of his +works: but whatever he has done, he has done best. It is instructive to +compare his collation of Cod. א with Tischendorf's. No reader of the +Greek Testament can afford to be without his reprint of Stephens' ed. of +1550: and English readers are reminded that Dr. Scrivener's is the only +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">classical</span></em> edition of the English Bible,—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Cambridge Paragraph Bible</span></span>, +&c., 1870-3. His Preface or <span class="tei tei-q">“Introduction”</span> (pp. ix.-cxx.) passes praise. +Ordinary English readers should enquire for his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Six Lectures on the Text +of the N. T.</span></span>, &c., 1875,—which is in fact an attempt to popularize the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction</span></span>. The reader is referred to note 1 at the foot +of page <a href="#Pg243" class="tei tei-ref">243</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_709" name="note_709" href="#noteref_709">709.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Agmen ducit Carolus Lachmannus (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">N. T. Berolini</span></span> 1842-50), ingenii +viribus et elegantiâ doctrinæ haud pluribus impar; editor N. T. audacior +quam limatior: cujus textum, a recepto longè decedentem, tantopere +judicibus quibusdam subtilioribus placuisse jamdudum miramur: quippe +qui, abjectâ tot cæterorum codicum Græcorum ope, perpaucis antiquissimis +(nec iis integris, nec per eum satis accuratè collatis) innixus, libros +sacros ad sæculi post Christum quarti normam restituisse sibi videatur; +versionum porrò (cujuslibet codicis ætatem facilè superantium) Syriacæ +atque Ægyptiacarum contemptor, neutrius linguæ peritus; Latinarum +contrà nimius fautor, præ Bentleio ipso Bentleianus.”</span>—Scrivener's Preface +to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nov. Test, textûs Stephanici</span></span>, &c. See above, p. <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref">238</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_710" name="note_710" href="#noteref_710">710.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 429.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_711" name="note_711" href="#noteref_711">711.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">N. T. Part II. p. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_712" name="note_712" href="#noteref_712">712.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">No one who attends ever so little to the subject can require to be +assured that <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The New Testament in the Original Greek, according to the +text followed in the Authorized Version, together with the variations adopted +in the Revised Version</span></span>,”</span> edited by Dr. Scrivener for the Syndics of the +Cambridge University Press, 1881, does not by any means represent his +own views. The learned Prebendary merely edited the decisions of the +two-thirds majority of the Revisionists,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which were not his own</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_713" name="note_713" href="#noteref_713">713.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Those who have never tried the experiment, can have no idea of the +strain on the attention which such works as those enumerated in p. <a href="#Pg238" class="tei tei-ref">238</a> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span>) occasion. At the same time, it cannot be too clearly understood +that it is chiefly by the multiplication of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exact</span></em> collations of MSS. that +an abiding foundation will some day be laid on which to build up the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Science</span></em> of Textual Criticism. We may safely keep our <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Theories</span></em>”</span> back +till we have collated our MSS.,—re-edited our Versions,—indexed our +Fathers. They will be abundantly in time <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">then</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_714" name="note_714" href="#noteref_714">714.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 18.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_715" name="note_715" href="#noteref_715">715.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See lower part of page <a href="#Pg017" class="tei tei-ref">17</a>. Also note at p. <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref">75</a> and middle of p. <a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref">262</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_716" name="note_716" href="#noteref_716">716.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 13, cf. p. viii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_717" name="note_717" href="#noteref_717">717.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">They are as follows:— +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[1st] S. Mark (vi. 33) relates that on a certain occasion the multitude, +when they beheld our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> and His Disciples departing in order to +cross over unto the other side of the lake, ran on foot thither,—(α) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and +outwent them</span></em>—(β) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and came together unto Him</span></em>”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> on His stepping out +of the boat: not, as Dr. Hort strangely imagines [p. 99], on His emerging +from the scene of His <span class="tei tei-q">“retirement”</span> in <span class="tei tei-q">“some sequestered nook”</span>). +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Now here, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span> substitutes συνέδραμον [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sic</span></span>] for συνῆλθον.—א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> with the +Coptic and the Vulg. omit clause (β).—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> omits clause (α), but substitutes +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">there</span></em>”</span> (αὐτοῦ) for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">unto Him</span></em>”</span> in clause (β),—exhibits therefore a +fabricated text.—The Syriac condenses the two clauses thus:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">got there +before Him</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>, Δ, 69, and 4 or 5 of the old Latin copies, read diversely +from all the rest and from one another. The present is, in fact, one of +those many places in S. Mark's Gospel where all is contradiction in those +depraved witnesses which Lachmann made it his business to bring into +fashion. Of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Confusion</span></em> there is plenty. <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span>—as the Reader +sees—there is none. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[2nd] In S. Mark viii. 26, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> (after restoring sight to the +blind man of Bethsaida) is related to have said,—(α) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Neither enter into the +village</span></em>”</span>—(β) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">nor tell it to any one</span></em>—(γ) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the village</span></em>.”</span> (And let it be +noted that the trustworthiness of this way of exhibiting the text is +vouched for by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c n</span></span> Δ and 12 other uncials: by the whole body of the +cursives: by the Peschito and Harklensian, the Gothic, Armenian, and +Æthiopic Versions: and by the only Father who quotes the place—Victor +of Antioch. [Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> p. 345, lines 3 and 8.]) +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But it is found that the <span class="tei tei-q">“two false witnesses”</span> (א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) omit clauses (β) and +(γ), retaining only clause (α). One of these two however (א), aware that +under such circumstances μηδέ is intolerable, [Dr. Hort, on the contrary, +(only because he finds it in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>,) considers μηδέ <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">simple and +vigorous</span></em>”</span> as well as <span class="tei tei-q">“unique”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“peculiar”</span> (p. 100).] substitutes μή. As for +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> +and the Vulg., they substitute and paraphrase, importing from Matt. ix. 6 +(or Mk. ii. 11), <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Depart unto thine house</span></em>.”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> proceeds,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and tell it to +no one</span></em> [μηδενὶ εἴπῃς, from Matth. viii. 4,] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the village</span></em>.”</span> Six copies of +the old Latin (b f ff<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">-2</span></span> g<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">-1-2</span></span> l), with the Vulgate, exhibit the following +paraphrase of the entire place:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Depart unto thine house, and if thou +enterest into the village, tell it to no one.</span></em>”</span> The same reading exactly +is found in Evan. 13-69-346: 28, 61, 473, and i, (except that 28, 61, +346 exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">say nothing</span></em> [from Mk. i. 44] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to no one</span></em>.”</span>) All six however +add at the end,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not even in the village</span></em>.”</span> Evan. 124 and a stand alone in +exhibiting,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Depart unto thine house; and enter not into the village; +neither tell it to any one</span></em>,”</span>—to which 124 [not a] adds,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in the +village</span></em>.”</span>... <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> all this contradiction and confusion is now to be +called <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation,”</span>—and what <span class="tei tei-q">“clear evidence”</span> is to be elicited therefrom +that <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian”</span> are posterior alike to <span class="tei tei-q">“Western”</span> and to <span class="tei tei-q">“neutral”</span> readings,—passes +our powers of comprehension. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We shall be content to hasten forward when we have further informed +our Readers that while Lachmann and Tregelles abide by the Received +Text in this place; Tischendorf, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone of Editors</span></em>, adopts the reading of +א (μη εις την κωμην εισελθης): while Westcott and Hort, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">alone of Editors</span></em>, +adopt the reading of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (μηδε εις την κωμην εισελθης),—so ending the +sentence. What else however but calamitous is it to find that Westcott +and Hort have persuaded their fellow Revisers to adopt the same mutilated +exhibition of the Sacred Text? The consequence is, that henceforth,—instead +of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Neither go into the town, nor tell it to any in the town</span></em>,”</span>—we +are invited to read, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Do not even enter into the village</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[3rd] In S. Mk. ix. 38,—S. John, speaking of one who cast out devils in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ's</span></span> Name, says—(α) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who followeth not us, and we forbad him</span></em>—(β) +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">because he followeth not us</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Here, א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span> Δ the Syriac, Coptic, and Æthiopic, omit clause (α), retaining +(β). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> with the old Latin and the Vulg. omit clause (β), but retain +(α).—Both clauses are found in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a n</span></span> with 11 other uncials and the whole +body of the cursives, besides the Gothic, and the only Father who quotes +the place,—Basil [ii. 252].—Why should the pretence be set up that there +has been <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> here? Two Omissions do not make one Conflation. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[4th] In Mk. ix. 49,—our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> says,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">For</span></em> (α) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every one shall be +salted with fire</span></em>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></em> (β) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every sacrifice shall be salted with salt</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Here, clause (α) is omitted by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and a few copies of the old Latin; +clause (β) by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">L</span></span> Δ. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But such an ordinary circumstance as the omission of half-a-dozen +words by Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> is so nearly without textual significancy, as scarcely to +merit commemoration. And do Drs. Westcott and Hort really propose +to build their huge and unwieldy hypothesis on so flimsy a circumstance +as the concurrence in error of א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> Δ,—especially in S. Mark's Gospel, +which those codices exhibit more unfaithfully than any other codices that +can be named? Against them, are to be set on the present occasion <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d n</span></span> +with 12 other uncials and the whole body of the cursives: the Ital. and +Vulgate; both Syriac; the Coptic, Gothic, Armenian, and Æthiopic +Versions; besides the only Father who quotes the place,—Victor of +Antioch. [Also <span class="tei tei-q">“Anon.”</span> p. 206: and see Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> p. 368.] +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[5th] S. Luke (ix. 10) relates how, on a certain occasion, our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour</span></span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">withdrew to a desert place belonging to the city called Bethsaida</span></em>:”</span> which +S. Luke expresses in six words: viz. [1] εἰς [2] τόπον [3] ἔρημον [4] πόλεως +[5] καλουμένης [6] Βηθσαϊδά: of which six words,— +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">a</span></span>)—א and Syr<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">cu</span></span> retain but three,—1, 2, 3. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span>)—The Peschito retains but four,—1, 2, 3, 6. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span>)—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l x</span></span> Ξ <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and the 2 Egyptian versions retain other four,—1, 4, +5, 6: but for πόλεως καλουμένης <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> exhibits κώμην λεγομένην. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">d</span></span>)—The old Latin and Vulg. retain five,—1, 2, 3, 5, 6: but for +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui</span></span> (or <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod</span></span>) <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">vocabatur</span></span>,”</span> the Vulg. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">b</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">c</span></span> exhibit <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui</span></span> (or +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quod</span></span>) est.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e</span></span>)—3 cursives retain other five, viz. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6: while, +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">f</span></span>)—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span> Δ <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">e</span></span>, with 9 more uncials and the great bulk of the cursives,—the +Harklensian, Gothic, Armenian, and Æthiopic +Versions,—retain <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all the six words</span></em>. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In view of which facts, it probably never occurred to any one before to +suggest that the best attested reading of all is the result of <span class="tei tei-q">“conflation,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">spurious mixture</span></em>. Note, that א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> have, this time, changed +sides. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[6th] S. Luke (xi. 54) speaks of the Scribes and Pharisees as (α) <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">lying +in wait for Him</span></em>,”</span> (β) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">seeking</span></em> (γ) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to catch something out of His mouth</span></em> (δ) +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">that they might accuse Him</span></em>.”</span> This is the reading of 14 uncials headed by +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c</span></span>, and of the whole body of the cursives: the reading of the Vulgate also +and of the Syriac. What is to be said against it? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It is found that א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> with the Coptic and Æthiopic Versions omit +clauses (β) and (δ), but retain clauses (α) and (γ).—Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, in conjunction +with Cureton's Syriac and the old Latin, retains clause (β), and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">paraphrases +all the rest of the sentence</span></em>. How then can it be pretended that there has +been any <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation”</span> here? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the meantime, how unreasonable is the excision from the Revised Text +of clauses (β) and (δ)—(ζητοῦντες ... ἵνα κατηγορήσωσιν αὐτόν)—which are +attested by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d</span></span> and 12 other uncials, together with the whole body of +the cursives; by all the Syriac and by all the Latin copies!... Are we +then to understand that א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, and the Coptic Version, outweigh every other +authority which can be named? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[7th] The <span class="tei tei-q">“rich fool”</span> in the parable (S. Lu. xii. 18), speaks of (α) πάντα +τὰ γενήματά μου, καὶ (β) τὰ ἀγαθά μου. (So <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a q</span></span> and 13 other uncials, +besides the whole body of the cursives; the Vulgate, Basil, and Cyril.) +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> (with the old Latin and Cureton's Syriac [which however drops +the πάντα]), retaining clause (α), omit clause (β).—On the other hand, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b t</span></span>, +(with the Egyptian Versions, the Syriac, the Armenian, and Æthiopic,) +retaining clause (β), substitute τὸν σῖτον (a gloss) for τὰ γενήματα in clause +(α). Lachmann, Tisch., and Alford, accordingly retain the traditional +text in this place. So does Tregelles, and so do Westcott and Hort,—only +substituting τὸν σῖτον for τὰ γενήματα. Confessedly therefore there +has been no <span class="tei tei-q">“Syrian conflation”</span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">here</span></em>: for all that has happened has been +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the substitution</span></em> by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> of τὸν σῖτον for τὰ γενήματα; and the omission of 4 +words by א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>. This instance must therefore have been an oversight.—Only +once more. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +[8th] S. Luke's Gospel ends (xxiv. 53) with the record that the Apostles +were continually in the Temple, <span class="tei tei-q">“(α) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">praising and</span></em> (β) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">blessing +</span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span></em>.”</span> Such +is the reading of 13 uncials headed by A and every known cursive: a few +copies of the old Lat., the Vulg., Syraic, Philox., Æthiopic, and Armenian +Versions. But it is found that א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c</span></span> omit clause (α): while <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span> and seven +copies of the old Latin omit clause (β). +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +And this completes the evidence for <span class="tei tei-q">“Conflation.”</span> We have displayed +it thus minutely, lest we should be suspected of unfairness towards the +esteemed writers on <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only occasion</span></em> which they have attempted argumentative +proof. Their theory has at last <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">forced them</span></em> to make an appeal +to Scripture, and to produce some actual specimens of their meaning. +After ransacking the Gospels for 30 years, they have at last fastened upon +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eight</span></em>: of which (as we have seen), several have really no business to be +cited,—as not fulfilling the necessary conditions of the problem. To +prevent cavil however, let <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">all but one</span></em>, the [7th], pass unchallenged.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_718" name="note_718" href="#noteref_718">718.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Reader is referred to pp. <a href="#Pg017" class="tei tei-ref">17</a>, <a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref">75</a>, <a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref">249</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_719" name="note_719" href="#noteref_719">719.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> pp. 115, 116, 117, 118, &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_720" name="note_720" href="#noteref_720">720.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Referred to below, p. <a href="#Pg296" class="tei tei-ref">296</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_721" name="note_721" href="#noteref_721">721.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pages <a href="#Pg257" class="tei tei-ref">257</a> (bottom) and <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref">258</a> (top).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_722" name="note_722" href="#noteref_722">722.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref">37</a> to 38.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_723" name="note_723" href="#noteref_723">723.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. <a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref">39</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_724" name="note_724" href="#noteref_724">724.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">To speak with entire accuracy, Drs. Westcott and Hort require us to +believe that the Authors of the [imaginary] Syrian Revisions of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250 +and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 350, interpolated the genuine Text of the Gospels, with between +2877 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) and 3455 (א) spurious words; mutilated the genuine Text in +respect of between 536 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) and 839 (א) words:—substituted for as many +genuine words, between 935 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) and 1114 (א) uninspired words:—licentiously +transposed between 2098 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) and 2299 (א):—and in respect of +number, case, mood, tense, person, &c., altered without authority between +1132 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-weight: 700">B</span></span>) and 1265 (א) words.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_725" name="note_725" href="#noteref_725">725.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Quoted by Canon Cook, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Version Considered</span></span>,—p. 202.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_726" name="note_726" href="#noteref_726">726.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> say from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 90 to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 250-350.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_727" name="note_727" href="#noteref_727">727.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg269" class="tei tei-ref">269</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_728" name="note_728" href="#noteref_728">728.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“If,”</span> says Dr. Hort, <span class="tei tei-q">“an editor were for any purpose to make it his aim +to restore as completely as possible the New Testament of Antioch in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> +350, he could not help taking the approximate consent of the cursives as +equivalent to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a primary documentary witness</span></em>. And he would not be the +less justified in so doing for being unable to say precisely by what historical +agencies <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the one Antiochian original</span></span>”</span>—[note the fallacy!]—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">was multiplied +into the cursive hosts of the later ages</span></em>.”</span>—Pp. 143-4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_729" name="note_729" href="#noteref_729">729.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preface to the <span class="tei tei-q">“limited and private issue”</span> of 1870, p. xviii.: reprinted +in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span> (1881), p. 66.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_730" name="note_730" href="#noteref_730">730.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_731" name="note_731" href="#noteref_731">731.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 65 (§ 84). In the Table of Contents (p. xi.), <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Personal instincts</span></em>”</span> +are substituted for <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Personal discernment</span></em>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_732" name="note_732" href="#noteref_732">732.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Revisers and the Greek Text</span></span>,—p. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_733" name="note_733" href="#noteref_733">733.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>,—p. xiii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_734" name="note_734" href="#noteref_734">734.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, p. 22.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_735" name="note_735" href="#noteref_735">735.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, p. 88.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_736" name="note_736" href="#noteref_736">736.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>,—p. 51.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_737" name="note_737" href="#noteref_737">737.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Plain Introduction</span></span>,—pp. 507-8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_738" name="note_738" href="#noteref_738">738.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>,”</span> pp. 513-4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_739" name="note_739" href="#noteref_739">739.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Matth.</span></span> i. 25,—the omission of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">her first-born</span></em>:”</span>—in vi. 13, the +omission of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Doxology</span></span>:—in xii. 47, the omission of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the whole verse</span></em>:—in +xvi. 2, 3, the omission of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> memorable words concerning the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">signs of the weather</span></em>:—in xvii. 21, the omission of the mysterious statement, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">But this kind goeth not out save by prayer and fasting</span></em>:”</span>—in xviii. +11, the omission of the precious words <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">For the Son of man came to save +that which was lost</span></em>.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Mark</span></span> xvi. 9-20, the omission of the <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">last Twelve Verses</span></span>,”</span>—(<span class="tei tei-q">“the +contents of which are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not such as could have been invented</span></em> by any scribe +or editor of the Gospel,”</span>—W. and H. p. 57). All admit that ἐφοβοῦντο +γάρ is an impossible ending. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Luke</span></span> vi. 1, the suppression of the unique δευτεροπρώτῳ; (<span class="tei tei-q">“the +very obscurity of the expression attesting strongly to its genuineness,”</span>—Scrivener, +p. 516, and so W. and H. p. 58):—ix. 54-56, the omitted +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">rebuke to the</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">disciples James and John</span></em>:”</span>—in x. 41, 42, the omitted +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">words concerning Martha and Mary</span></em>:—in xxii. 43, 44, the omission of the +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Agony in the Garden</span></em>,—(which nevertheless, <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">it would be impossible to +regard</span></em> as a product of the inventiveness of scribes,”</span>—W. and H. p. 67):—in +xxiii. 17, a memorable clause omitted:—in xxiii. 34, the omission of +our Lord's <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prayer for His murderers</span></em>,—(concerning which Westcott and +Hort remark that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">few verses of the Gospels bear in themselves a surer +witness to the truth of what they record than this</span></em>”</span>—p. 68):—in xxiii. 38, +the statement that the Inscription on the Cross was <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in letters of Greek, and +Latin, and Hebrew</span></em>:”</span>—in xxiv. 12, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the visit of S. Peter to the Sepulchre</span></em>. +Bishop Lightfoot remarks concerning S. Luke ix. 56: xxii. 43, 44: and +xxiii. 34,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">It seems impossible to believe that these incidents are other +than authentic</span></em>,”</span>—(p. 28.) +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. John</span></span> iii. 13, the solemn clause <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">which is in heaven</span></em>:”</span>—in v. 3, 4, +the omitted incident of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the troubling of the pool</span></em>:—in vii. 53 to viii. 11, +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the narrative concerning the woman taken in adultery</span></em> omitted,—concerning +which Drs. W. and H. remark that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the argument which has always +told most in its favour in modern times is its own internal character</span></em>. The +story itself has justly seemed <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to vouch for its own substantial truth</span></em>, and +the words in which it is clothed to harmonize with those of other Gospel +narratives”</span>—(p. 87). Bishop Lightfoot remarks that <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the narrative bears +on its face the highest credentials of authentic history</span></em>”</span>—(p. 28).</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_740" name="note_740" href="#noteref_740">740.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">To some extent, even the unlearned Reader may easily convince himself +of this, by examining the rejected <span class="tei tei-q">“alternative”</span> Readings in the margin +of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Revised Version.”</span> The <span class="tei tei-q">“Many”</span> and the <span class="tei tei-q">“Some ancient authorities,”</span> +there spoken of, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">almost invariably include</span></em>—sometimes <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">denote</span></em>—codd. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א, one or both of them. These constitute the merest fraction of the +entire amount of corrupt readings exhibited by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> א; but they will give +English readers some notion of the problem just now under consideration. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Besides the details already supplied [see above, pages <a href="#Pg016" class="tei tei-ref">16</a> and <a href="#Pg017" class="tei tei-ref">17</a>:—<a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref">30</a> +and <a href="#Pg031" class="tei tei-ref">31</a>:—<a href="#Pg046" class="tei tei-ref">46</a> and <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref">47</a>:—<a href="#Pg075" class="tei tei-ref">75</a>:—<a href="#Pg249" class="tei tei-ref">249</a>:—<a href="#Pg262" class="tei tei-ref">262</a>:—<a href="#Pg289" class="tei tei-ref">289</a>:—<a href="#Pg316" class="tei tei-ref">316</a> to 319] concerning <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +and א,—(the result of laborious collation,)—some particulars shall now be +added. The piercing of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Saviour's</span></span> side, thrust in after Matt. xxvii. +49:—the eclipse of the sun when the moon was full, in Lu. xxiii. 45:—the +monstrous figment concerning Herod's daughter, thrust into Mk. +vi. 22:—the precious clauses omitted in Matt. i. 25 and xviii. 11:—in +Lu. ix. 54-6, and in Jo. iii. 13:—the wretched glosses in Lu. vi. 48: +x. 42: xv. 21: Jo. x. 14 and Mk. vi. 20:—the substitution of οινον (for +οξος) in Matt. xxvii. 34,—of Θεος (for υιος) in Jo. i. 18,—of ανθρωπου (for +Θεου) in ix. 35,—of οὑ (for ῷ) in Rom. iv. 8:—the geographical blunder in +Mk. vii. 31: in Lu. iv. 44:—the omission in Matt. xii. 47,—and of two +important verses in Matt. xvi. 2, 3:—of ιδια in Acts i. 19:—of εγειραι και +in iii. 6;—and of δευτεροπρωτω in Lu. vi. 1:—the two spurious clauses +in Mk. iii. 14, 16:—the obvious blunders in Jo. ix. 4 and 11:—in Acts +xii. 25—besides the impossible reading in 1 Cor. xiii. 3,—make up a +heavy indictment against <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א jointly—which are here found in +company with just a very few disreputable allies. Add, the plain error at +Lu. ii. 14:—the gloss at Mk. v. 36:—the mere fabrication at Matt. xix. +17:—the omissions at Matt. vi. 13: Jo. v. 3, 4. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> (in company with others, but apart from א) by exhibiting βαπτισαντες +in Matt. xxviii. 19:—ὡδε των in Mk. ix. 1:—<span class="tei tei-q">“seventy-<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">two</span></em>,”</span> in Lu. x. +1:—the blunder in Lu. xvi. 12:—and the grievous omissions in Lu. xxii. +43, 44 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ's</span></span> Agony in the Garden),—and xxiii. 34 (His prayer for His +murderers),—enjoys unenviable distinction.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, singly, is remarkable for +an obvious blunder in Matt. xxi. 31:—Lu. xxi. 24:—Jo. xviii. 5:—Acts +x. 19—and xvii. 28:—xxvii. 37:—not to mention the insertion of +δεδομενον in Jo. vii. 39. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +א (in company with others, but apart from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>) is conspicuous for its +sorry interpolation of Matt. viii. 13:—its substitution of εστιν (for ην) in +S. John i. 4:—its geographical blunder in S. Luke xxiv. 13:—its textual +blunder at 1 Pet. i. 23.—א, singly, is remarkable for its sorry paraphrase +in Jo. ii. 3:—its addition to i. 34:—its omissions in Matt. xxiii. +35:—Mk. i. 1:—Jo. ix. 38:—its insertion of Ησαιου in Matt. xiii. 35:—its +geographical blunders in Mk. i. 28:—Lu. i. 26:—Acts viii. 5:—besides +the blunders in Jo. vi. 51—and xiii. 10:—1 Tim. iii. 16:—Acts xxv. 13:—and +the clearly fabricated narrative of Jo. xiii. 24. Add the fabricated +text at Mk. xiv. 30, 68, 72; of which the object was <span class="tei tei-q">“so far to assimilate +the narrative of Peter's denials with those of the other Evangelists, as +to suppress the fact, vouched for by S. Mark only, that the cock crowed +twice.”</span></p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_741" name="note_741" href="#noteref_741">741.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Characteristic, and fatal beyond anything that can be named are, (1) +The <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exclusive</span></em> omission by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> and א of Mark xvi. 9-20:—(2) The omission +of εν Εφεσῳ, from Ephes. i. 1:—(3) The blunder, αποσκιασματος, in +James i. 17:—(4) The nonsensical συστρεφομενων in Matt. xvii. 22:—(5) +That <span class="tei tei-q">“vile error,”</span> (as Scrivener calls it,) περιελοντες, in Acts xxviii. 13:—(6) +The impossible order of words in Lu. xxiii. 32; and (7) The extraordinary +order in Acts i. 5:—(8) The omission of the last clause of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span> prayer, in Lu. xi. 4; and (9) Of that solemn verse, Matt. xvii. 21; +and (10) Of ισχυρον in Matt. xiv. 30:—(11) The substitution of εργων (for +τεκνων) in Matt. xi. 29:—(12) Of ελιγμα (for μιγμα) in Jo. xix. 39,—and +(13) of ην τεθειμενος (for ετεθη) in John xix. 41. Then, (14) The thrusting of +Χριστος into Matt. xvi. 21,—and (15) Of ὁ Θεος into vi. 8:—besides (16) So +minute a peculiarity as Βεεζεβουλ in Matt. x. 35: xii. 24, 27: Lu. xi. 15, +18, 19. (17) Add, the gloss at Matt. xvii. 20, and (18) The omissions at +Matt. v. 22: xvii. 21.—It must be admitted that such peculiar blemishes, +taken collectively, constitute a proof of affinity of origin,—community of +descent from one and the same disreputable ancestor. But space fails us. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The Reader will be interested to learn that although, in the Gospels, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +combines exclusively with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, but 11 times; and with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, but 38 times: +with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, it combines exclusively 141 times, and with א, 239 times: (viz. +in Matt. 121,—in Mk. 26,—in Lu. 51,—in Jo. 41 times). +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Contrast it with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>:—which combines exclusively with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span></span>, 21 times: +with א 13 times: with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 11 times: with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, 4 times.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_742" name="note_742" href="#noteref_742">742.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The Reviewer speaks from actual inspection of both documents. They +are essentially dissimilar. The learned Ceriani assured the Reviewer (in +1872) that whereas the Vatican Codex must certainly have been written +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in Italy</span></em>,—the birthplace of the Sinaitic was [<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> Egypt, but] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">either +Palestine or Syria</span></em>. Thus, considerations of time and place effectually +dispose of Tischendorf's preposterous notion that the Scribe of Codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> +wrote <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">six leaves</span></em> of א: an imagination which solely resulted from the +anxiety of the Critic to secure for his own cod. א the same antiquity +which is claimed for the vaunted cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +This opinion of Dr. Tischendorf's rests on the same fanciful basis as his +notion that <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the last verse</span></em> of S. John's Gospel in א was not written by the +same hand which wrote the rest of the Gospel. There is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no manner of +difference</span></em>: though of course it is possible that the scribe took a new pen, +preliminary to writing that last verse, and executing the curious and +delicate ornament which follows. Concerning S. Jo. xxi. 25, see above, +pp. <a href="#Pg023" class="tei tei-ref">23-4</a>.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_743" name="note_743" href="#noteref_743">743.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tischendorf's narrative of the discovery of the Sinaitic manuscript +(<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">When were our Gospels written?</span></span>”</span>), [1866,] p. 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_744" name="note_744" href="#noteref_744">744.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Papyrus Inédit de la Bibliothèque de M. Ambroise Firmin-Didot. +Nouveaux fragments d'Euripide et d'autres Poètes Grecs, publiés par M. +Henri Weil. (Extrait des <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Monumens Grecs publiés par l'Association pour +l'encouragement des Etudes Grecques en France</span></span>. Année 1879.)”</span> Pp. 36.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_745" name="note_745" href="#noteref_745">745.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The rest of the passage may not be without interest to classical +readers:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Ce n'est pas à dire qu'elle soit tout à fait sans intérêt, sans importance: +pour la constitution du texte. Elle nous apprend que, au vers 5, +ἀρίστων, pour ἀριστέων (correction de Wakefield) était déjà l'ancienne +vulgate; et que les vers 11 et 12, s'ils sont altérés, comme l'assurent +quelques éditeurs d'Euripide, l'étaient déjà dans l'antiquité.</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“L'homme ... était aussi ignorant que négligent. Je le prends pour +un Egyptien n'ayant qu'une connoissance très imparfaite de la langue +grecque, et ne possédant aucune notion ni sur l'orthographe, ni sur les +règles les plus élémentaires du trimètre iambique. Le plus singulier est +qu'il commence sa copie au milieu d'un vers et qu'il la finisse de même. Il +oublie des lettres nécessaires, il en ajoute de parasites, il les met les unes +pour les autres, il tronque les mots ou il les altère, au point de détruire +quelquefois la suite de la construction et le sens du passage.”</span> A faithful +copy of the verses in minuscule characters is subjoined for the gratification +of Scholars. We have but divided the words and inserted capital +letters:— +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ανδρων αριστων οι δε πανχρυσον δερος<br /> +Πελεια μετηλθον ου γαρ τον δεσπονα εμην<br /> +Μηδια πυργους γης επλευσε Ειολκιας<br /> +ερωτι θυμωδ εγπλαγις Ιανοσονος<br /> +οτ αν κτανει πισας Πελειαδας κουρας<br /> +πατερα κατοικη τηνδε γην Κορινθιαν<br /> +συν ανδρι και τεκνοισιν ανδανοισα μεν<br /> +φυγη πολιτων ων αφηκετο χθονος.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +An excellent scholar (R. C. P.) remarks,—<span class="tei tei-q">“The fragment must have +been written from dictation (of small parts, as it seems to me); and by an +illiterate scribe. It is just such a result as one might expect from a half-educated +reader enunciating Milton for a half-educated writer.”</span></p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_746" name="note_746" href="#noteref_746">746.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See p. <a href="#Pg324" class="tei tei-ref">324</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span> 1.—Photius [cod. 48] says that <span class="tei tei-q">“Gaius”</span> was a +presbyter of Rome, and ἐθνῶν ἐπίσκοπος. See Routh's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reliqq.</span></span> ii. 125.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_747" name="note_747" href="#noteref_747">747.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Eusebius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Hist. Ecol.</span></span> v. 28 (ap. Routh's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Reliqq.</span></span> ii. 132-4).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_748" name="note_748" href="#noteref_748">748.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Tregelles, Part ii. p. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_749" name="note_749" href="#noteref_749">749.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's prefatory <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>,—p. xix.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_750" name="note_750" href="#noteref_750">750.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. iii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_751" name="note_751" href="#noteref_751">751.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 47.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_752" name="note_752" href="#noteref_752">752.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Singular to relate, S. Mark x. 17 to 31 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">exactly</span></em> fills two columns of +cod. א. (See Tischendorf's reprint, 4to, p. 24*.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_753" name="note_753" href="#noteref_753">753.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Clemens Al. (ed. Potter),—pp. 937-8.... Note, how Clemens begins +§ v. (p. 938, line 30). This will be found noticed below, viz. at p. <a href="#Pg336" class="tei tei-ref">336</a>, +note 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_754" name="note_754" href="#noteref_754">754.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“This Text”</span> (say the Editors) <span class="tei tei-q">“is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">an attempt to reproduce at once the +autograph Text</span></em>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. xxviii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_755" name="note_755" href="#noteref_755">755.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Westcott and Hort's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, pp. 112-3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_756" name="note_756" href="#noteref_756">756.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Besides,—All but L. conspire 5 times.<br /> +All but T. 3 times.<br /> +All but Tr. 1 time.<br /> +Then,—T. Tr. WH. combine 2 times<br /> +T. WH. RT. 1 time<br /> +Tr. WH. RT. 1 time<br /> +L. Tr. WH. 1 time<br /> +Then,—L. T. stand by themselves 1 time<br /> +L. Tr. 1 time<br /> +T. WH. 1 time<br /> +Lastly,—L. stands alone 4 times.<br /> +Total: 21.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_757" name="note_757" href="#noteref_757">757.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Twice</span></em> he agrees with all 5: viz. omitting ἄρας τὸν σταυρόν in ver. 21; +and in omitting ῆ γυναῖκα (in ver. 29):—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Once</span></em> he agrees with only +Lachmann: viz. in transposing ταῦτα πάντα (in ver. 20).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_758" name="note_758" href="#noteref_758">758.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">On the remaining 5 occasions (17 + 3 + 5 = 25), Clemens exhibits +peculiar readings of his own,—sides with <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">no one</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_759" name="note_759" href="#noteref_759">759.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Q. R.</span></span> p. 360.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_760" name="note_760" href="#noteref_760">760.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Article xx. § 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_761" name="note_761" href="#noteref_761">761.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν.—S. John xvi. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_762" name="note_762" href="#noteref_762">762.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Theodoret, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> iv. 208.—Comp. Clinton, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">F. R.</span></span> ii. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>, p. 473.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_763" name="note_763" href="#noteref_763">763.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The reader is invited to enquire for Bp. Kaye (of Lincoln)'s <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Account +of the writings of Clement of Alexandria</span></span>,—and to read the vith and viiith +chapters.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_764" name="note_764" href="#noteref_764">764.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ταῦτα μὲν ἐν τῷ κατὰ Μάρκον εὐαγγελίῳ γέγραπται. (§ v.),—p. 938.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_765" name="note_765" href="#noteref_765">765.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Alford's N. T. vol. i. proleg. p. 92.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_766" name="note_766" href="#noteref_766">766.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See p. 197 (§ 269): and p. 201 (§ 275-9):—and p. 205 (§ 280).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_767" name="note_767" href="#noteref_767">767.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> (1870), p. xv.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_768" name="note_768" href="#noteref_768">768.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref">79</a> to 85.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_769" name="note_769" href="#noteref_769">769.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. <a href="#Pg359" class="tei tei-ref">359-60</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_770" name="note_770" href="#noteref_770">770.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 210 to p. 287. See the Contents, pp. xxiii.-xxviii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_771" name="note_771" href="#noteref_771">771.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 91-119 and pp. 133-146.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_772" name="note_772" href="#noteref_772">772.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“I perceived <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a large and wide basket</span></em> full of old parchments; and the +librarian told me that two heaps like this had been already <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">committed to +the flames.</span></em> What was my surprise to find amid this heap of papers,”</span> &c.—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Narrative +of the discovery of the Sinaitic Manuscript,</span></span> p. 23.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_773" name="note_773" href="#noteref_773">773.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">τὴν παρακαταθήκην.—1 Tim. vi. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_774" name="note_774" href="#noteref_774">774.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">[While this sheet is passing through the press, I find among my +papers a note (written in 1876) by the learned, loved, and lamented +Editor of Cyril,—Philip E. Pusey,—with whom I used to be in constant +communication:—<span class="tei tei-q">“It is not obvious to me, looking at the subject from +outside, why <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b c l</span></span>, constituting a class of MSS. allied to each other, and +therefore nearly = 1-½ MSS., are to be held to be superior to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. It is +still less obvious to me why —— showing up (as he does) very many grave +faults of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, should yet consider <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> superior in character to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>.”</span>]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_775" name="note_775" href="#noteref_775">775.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 567.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_776" name="note_776" href="#noteref_776">776.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Let the following places be considered: S. Jo. i. 13; iii. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8; +1 Jo. ii. 29; iii. 9 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>, iv. 7; v. 1 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>, 4, 18 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>. <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Why</span></em> is it to be supposed +that on this last occasion <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">the Eternal Son</span></span> should be intended?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_777" name="note_777" href="#noteref_777">777.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>*, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>, 105.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_778" name="note_778" href="#noteref_778">778.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The paraphrase is interesting. The Vulgate, Jerome [ii. 321, 691], +Cassian [p. 409],—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Sed generatio Dei conservat eum</span></span>:”</span> Chromatius [Gall. +viii. 347], and Vigilius Taps. [ap. Athanas. ii. 646],—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Quia (quoniam) +nativitas Dei custodit (servat) illum.</span></span>”</span> In a letter of 5 Bishops to Innocentius +I. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 410) [Galland. viii. 598 b], it is,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Nativitas quæ ex Deo +est.</span></span>”</span> Such a rendering (viz. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">his having been born of</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span>) amounts to an +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">interpretation</span></em> of the place.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_779" name="note_779" href="#noteref_779">779.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the Rev. S. C. Malan, D.D.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_780" name="note_780" href="#noteref_780">780.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 326 b c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_781" name="note_781" href="#noteref_781">781.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. viii. 347,—of which the Greek is to be seen in Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> pp. +143-4. Many portions of the lost Text of this Father, (the present passage +included [p. 231]) are to be found in the Scholia published by C. F. +Matthæi [N. T. xi. 181 to 245-7].</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_782" name="note_782" href="#noteref_782">782.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 94, 97.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_783" name="note_783" href="#noteref_783">783.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> p. 124, repeated p. 144.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_784" name="note_784" href="#noteref_784">784.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 433 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_785" name="note_785" href="#noteref_785">785.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 601 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_786" name="note_786" href="#noteref_786">786.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">By putting a small uncial Ε above the Α.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_787" name="note_787" href="#noteref_787">787.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Diocesan Progress</span></span>, Jan. 1882.—[pp. 20] p. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_788" name="note_788" href="#noteref_788">788.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 283. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notes</span></span>, pp. 3, 22, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">passim</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_789" name="note_789" href="#noteref_789">789.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Sermons, vol. i. 132,—(<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">A form of sound words to be used by +Ministers.</span></span>”</span>)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_790" name="note_790" href="#noteref_790">790.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Quoted by ps.-Ephraem <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Conc.</span></span> p. 135 l. 2:—Nonnus:—Chrys. +viii. 248:—Cyril iv. 269 e, 270 a, 273:—Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> p. 242 l. 25 (which +is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> from Chrys.):—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chron. Paschale</span></span> 217 a (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">diserte</span></span>).—Recognized by +Melito (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 170):—Irenæus (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 177):—Hippolytus (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 190):—Origen:—Eusebius:—Apollinarius +Laod., &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_791" name="note_791" href="#noteref_791">791.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This is the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">true</span></em> reason of the eagerness which has been displayed in +certain quarters to find ὅς, (not Θεός) in 1 Tim. iii. 16:—just as nothing +else but a determination that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> shall not be spoken of as ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ +πάντων Θεός, has occasioned the supposed doubt as to the construction of +Rom. ix. 5,—in which we rejoice to find that Dr. Westcott refuses to +concur with Dr. Hort.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_792" name="note_792" href="#noteref_792">792.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Dr. W. H. Mill's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">University Sermons</span></span> (1845),—pp. 301-2 and +305:—a volume which should be found in every clergyman's library.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_793" name="note_793" href="#noteref_793">793.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rev. xxii. 18, 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_794" name="note_794" href="#noteref_794">794.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ἀφανισθήσονται.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_795" name="note_795" href="#noteref_795">795.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This happens not unfrequently in codices of the type of א and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>. A +famous instance occurs at Col. ii. 18, (ἂ μὴ ἑώρακεν ἐμβατεύων,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">prying +into the things he hath not seen</span></em>”</span>); where א* <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a b d</span></span>* and a little handful of +suspicious documents leave out the <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em>.”</span> Our Editors, rather than recognize +this blunder (so obvious and ordinary!), are for conjecturing Α +ΕΟΡΑΚΕΝ ΕΜΒΑΤΕΥΩΝ into ΑΕΡΑ ΚΕΝΕΜΒΑΤΕΥΩΝ; which (if +it means anything at all) may as well mean,—<span class="tei tei-q">“proceeding on an airy +foundation to offer an empty conjecture.”</span> Dismissing that conjecture as +worthless, we have to set off the whole mass of the copies—against some +6 or 7:—Irenæus (i. 847), Theodoras Mops, (in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">loc</span></span>.), Chrys. (xi. 372), +Theodoret (iii. 489, 490), John Damascene (ii. 211)—against no Fathers +at all (for Origen once has μή [iv. 665]; once, has it not [iii. 63]; and +once is doubtful [i. 583]). Jerome and Augustine both take notice of the +diversity of reading, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">but only to reject it</span></em>.—The Syriac versions, the Vulgate, +Gothic, Georgian, Sclavonic, Æthiopic, Arabic and Armenian—(we owe the +information, as usual, to Dr. Malan)—are to be set against the suspicious +Coptic. All these then are with the Traditional Text: which cannot +seriously be suspected of error.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_796" name="note_796" href="#noteref_796">796.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">εὑρεθήσεται.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_797" name="note_797" href="#noteref_797">797.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Augustin, vii. 595.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_798" name="note_798" href="#noteref_798">798.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 467: iii. 865:—ii. 707: iii. 800:—ii. 901. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In Luc</span></span>. pp. 428, 654.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_799" name="note_799" href="#noteref_799">799.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 347.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_800" name="note_800" href="#noteref_800">800.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preface to <span class="tei tei-q">“Provisional issue,”</span> p. xxi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_801" name="note_801" href="#noteref_801">801.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 210.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_802" name="note_802" href="#noteref_802">802.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid</span></span>. p. 276.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_803" name="note_803" href="#noteref_803">803.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apud Mai, vi. 105.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_804" name="note_804" href="#noteref_804">804.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> vii. 543. Comp. 369.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_805" name="note_805" href="#noteref_805">805.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Cramer, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> vi. 187.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_806" name="note_806" href="#noteref_806">806.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">So, Nilus, i. 270.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_807" name="note_807" href="#noteref_807">807.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Interp.</span></span> 595: 607.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_808" name="note_808" href="#noteref_808">808.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dem. Evan.</span></span> p. 444.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_809" name="note_809" href="#noteref_809">809.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 306.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_810" name="note_810" href="#noteref_810">810.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Epist. ad Zen.</span></span> iii. 1. 78. Note, that our learned Cave considered this +to be a <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">genuine</span></em> work of Justin M. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_811" name="note_811" href="#noteref_811">811.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cantic.</span></span> (an early work) <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">interp.</span></span> iii. 39,—though elsewhere (i. 112, 181 +[?]: ii. 305 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">int.</span></span> [but <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> ii. 419]) he is for leaving out εἰκῆ.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_812" name="note_812" href="#noteref_812">812.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. iii. 72 and 161.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_813" name="note_813" href="#noteref_813">813.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 89 b and e (partly quoted in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> of Nicetas) <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">expressly</span></em>: 265.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_814" name="note_814" href="#noteref_814">814.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 818 <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">expressly</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_815" name="note_815" href="#noteref_815">815.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 312 (preserved in Jerome's Latin translation, i. 240).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_816" name="note_816" href="#noteref_816">816.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 132; iii. 442.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_817" name="note_817" href="#noteref_817">817.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">472, 634.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_818" name="note_818" href="#noteref_818">818.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ap. Chrys.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_819" name="note_819" href="#noteref_819">819.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 768: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apud Mai</span></span>, ii. 6 and iii. 268.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_820" name="note_820" href="#noteref_820">820.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 48, 664; iv. 946.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_821" name="note_821" href="#noteref_821">821.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span> viii. 12, line 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_822" name="note_822" href="#noteref_822">822.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">128, 625.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_823" name="note_823" href="#noteref_823">823.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. vi. 181.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_824" name="note_824" href="#noteref_824">824.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. x. 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_825" name="note_825" href="#noteref_825">825.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Gall. vii. 509.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_826" name="note_826" href="#noteref_826">826.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 27, written when he was 42; and ii. 733, 739, written when he +was 84.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_827" name="note_827" href="#noteref_827">827.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 26,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Radendum est ergo</span></em> sine causâ.”</span> And so, at p. 636.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_828" name="note_828" href="#noteref_828">828.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">1064.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_829" name="note_829" href="#noteref_829">829.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 261.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_830" name="note_830" href="#noteref_830">830.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 592.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_831" name="note_831" href="#noteref_831">831.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Amphilochia</span></span>, (Athens, 1858,)—p. 317. Also in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_832" name="note_832" href="#noteref_832">832.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apophthegm. PP.</span></span> [ap. Cotel. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eccl. Gr. Mon.</span></span> i. 622].</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_833" name="note_833" href="#noteref_833">833.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Matth. xv. 14.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_834" name="note_834" href="#noteref_834">834.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gospel of the Resurrection</span></span>,—p. vii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_835" name="note_835" href="#noteref_835">835.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, pp. 300-2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_836" name="note_836" href="#noteref_836">836.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 299.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_837" name="note_837" href="#noteref_837">837.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>, p. 66.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_838" name="note_838" href="#noteref_838">838.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 432.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_839" name="note_839" href="#noteref_839">839.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 99.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_840" name="note_840" href="#noteref_840">840.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Speech in Convocation</span></span>, Feb. 1870, (p. 83.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_841" name="note_841" href="#noteref_841">841.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>,—p. 205.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_842" name="note_842" href="#noteref_842">842.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Address to Lincoln Diocesan Conference</span></span>,—p. 25.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_843" name="note_843" href="#noteref_843">843.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span>,—p. 27.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_844" name="note_844" href="#noteref_844">844.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Considerations on Revision</span></span>,—p. 44. The Preface is dated 23rd May, +1870. The Revisers met on the 22nd of June. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We learn from Dr. Newth's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectures on Bible Revision</span></span> (1881), +that,—<span class="tei tei-q">“As the general Rules under which the Revision was to be carried +out had been carefully prepared, no need existed for any lengthened +discussion of preliminary arrangements, and the Company upon its first +meeting was able to enter at once upon its work”</span> (p. 118) ... <span class="tei tei-q">“The +portion prescribed for the first session was Matt. i. to iv.”</span> (p. 119) ... +<span class="tei tei-q">“The question of the spelling of proper names ... being settled, the +Company proceeded to the actual details of the Revision, and in a +surprisingly short time settled down to an established method of procedure.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“All +proposals made at the first Revision were decided by +simple majorities”</span> (p. 122) ... <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">The questions which concerned the Greek +Text were decided for the most part at the First Revision.</span></em>”</span> (Bp. Ellicott's +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pamphlet</span></span>, p. 34.)</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_845" name="note_845" href="#noteref_845">845.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Revisers and the Greek Text of the New Testament, by two +Members of the New Testament Company</span></span>,—1882. Macmillan, pp. 79, +price two shillings and sixpence.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_846" name="note_846" href="#noteref_846">846.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“To these two articles—so far, at least, as they are concerned with +the Greek Text adopted by the Revisers—our Essay is intended for an +answer.”</span>—p. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_847" name="note_847" href="#noteref_847">847.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pages <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref">235</a> to 366.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_848" name="note_848" href="#noteref_848">848.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Article III.,—see last note.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_849" name="note_849" href="#noteref_849">849.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pamphlet</span></span>, p. 79.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_850" name="note_850" href="#noteref_850">850.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Revised Version of the first three Gospels, considered in its bearings +upon the record of our </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant: small-caps">Lord's</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> Words and of incidents in His Life</span></span>,—(1882. +pp. 250. Murray,)—p. 232. Canon Cook's temperate and very +interesting volume will be found simply unanswerable.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_851" name="note_851" href="#noteref_851">851.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_852" name="note_852" href="#noteref_852">852.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_853" name="note_853" href="#noteref_853">853.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As at p. 4, and p. 12, and p. 13, and p. 19, and p. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_854" name="note_854" href="#noteref_854">854.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg348" class="tei tei-ref">348-350</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_855" name="note_855" href="#noteref_855">855.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_856" name="note_856" href="#noteref_856">856.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_857" name="note_857" href="#noteref_857">857.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 77.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_858" name="note_858" href="#noteref_858">858.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 41, and so at p. 77.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_859" name="note_859" href="#noteref_859">859.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 41.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_860" name="note_860" href="#noteref_860">860.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 5.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_861" name="note_861" href="#noteref_861">861.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_862" name="note_862" href="#noteref_862">862.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 77.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_863" name="note_863" href="#noteref_863">863.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, pp. 47-8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_864" name="note_864" href="#noteref_864">864.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>,—p. 423.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_865" name="note_865" href="#noteref_865">865.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 421.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_866" name="note_866" href="#noteref_866">866.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Non tantum totius Antiquitatis altum de tali opere suscepto silentium,—sed +etiam frequentes Patrum, usque ad quartum seculum +viventium, de textu N. T. liberius tractato, impuneque corrupto, deque +summâ Codicum dissonantiâ querelæ, nec non ipsæ corruptiones inde a +primis temporibus continuo propagatæ,—satis sunt documento, neminem +opus tam arduum, scrupulorum plenum, atque invidiæ et calumniis +obnoxium, aggressum fuisse; etiamsi doctiorum Patrum de singulis locis +disputationes ostendant, eos non prorsus rudes in rebus criticis fuisse.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Codd. +MSS. N. T. Græcorum &c. nova descriptio, et cum textu vulgo +recepto Collatio, &c.</span></span> 4to. Gottingæ, 1847. (p. 4.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_867" name="note_867" href="#noteref_867">867.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">He proceeds:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Hucusque nemini contigit, nec in posterum, puto, +continget, monumentorum nostrorum, tanquam totidem testium singulorum, +ingens agmen ad tres quatuorve, e quibus omnium testimonium +pendeat, testes referre; aut e testium grege innumero aliquot duces +auctoresque secernere, quorum testimonium tam plenum, certum firmumque +sit, ut sine damno ceterorum testimonio careamus.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> (p. 19.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_868" name="note_868" href="#noteref_868">868.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Commentarius Criticus in N. T.</span></span> (in his Preface to the Ep. to the +Hebrews). We are indebted to Canon Cook for calling attention to this. +See by all means his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Revised Text of the first three Gospels</span></span>,—pp. 4-8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_869" name="note_869" href="#noteref_869">869.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">It requires to be stated, that, (as explained by the Abbé to the +present writer,) the <span class="tei tei-q">“Post-scriptum”</span> of his Fascic. IV., (viz. from p. 234 to +p. 236,) is a <span lang="fr" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="fr"><span style="font-style: italic">jeu d'esprit</span></span> only,—intended to enliven a dry subject, and to +entertain his pupils.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_870" name="note_870" href="#noteref_870">870.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">It seems to have escaped Bishop Ellicott's notice, (and yet the fact +well deserves commemoration) that the claims of Tischendorf and +Tregelles on the Church's gratitude, are not by any means founded on +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the Texts</span></em> which they severally put forth. As in the case of Mill, +Wetstein and Birch, their merit is that they <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">patiently accumulated +evidence</span></em>. <span class="tei tei-q">“Tischendorf's reputation as a Biblical scholar rests less on +his critical editions of the N. T., than on the texts of the chief uncial +authorities which in rapid succession he gave to the world.”</span> (Scrivener's +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>,—p. 427.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_871" name="note_871" href="#noteref_871">871.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 12.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_872" name="note_872" href="#noteref_872">872.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_873" name="note_873" href="#noteref_873">873.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. 12: 30-3: 34-5: 46-7: 75: 94-6: 249: 262: 289: 319.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_874" name="note_874" href="#noteref_874">874.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_875" name="note_875" href="#noteref_875">875.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_876" name="note_876" href="#noteref_876">876.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_877" name="note_877" href="#noteref_877">877.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Acts xix. 35.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_878" name="note_878" href="#noteref_878">878.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Suprà</span></span>, pp. <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref">339-41</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_879" name="note_879" href="#noteref_879">879.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_880" name="note_880" href="#noteref_880">880.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">On Revision</span></span>, &c.—p. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_881" name="note_881" href="#noteref_881">881.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_882" name="note_882" href="#noteref_882">882.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 16.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_883" name="note_883" href="#noteref_883">883.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 17.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_884" name="note_884" href="#noteref_884">884.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 18.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_885" name="note_885" href="#noteref_885">885.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_886" name="note_886" href="#noteref_886">886.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_887" name="note_887" href="#noteref_887">887.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 20.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_888" name="note_888" href="#noteref_888">888.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 21.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_889" name="note_889" href="#noteref_889">889.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 23-4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_890" name="note_890" href="#noteref_890">890.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Supra</span></span>, pp. <a href="#Pg258" class="tei tei-ref">258-266</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_891" name="note_891" href="#noteref_891">891.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 25-7.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_892" name="note_892" href="#noteref_892">892.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Art.</span></span> III.,—viz. from p. <a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref">235</a> to p. 366.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_893" name="note_893" href="#noteref_893">893.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">You refer to such places as pp. 87-8 and 224, where see the Notes.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_894" name="note_894" href="#noteref_894">894.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicle of Convocation</span></span>, Feb. 1870, p. 83.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_895" name="note_895" href="#noteref_895">895.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg368" class="tei tei-ref">368</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_896" name="note_896" href="#noteref_896">896.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The clause (<span class="tei tei-q">“and sayest thou, Who touched me?”</span>) is witnessed to +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d p r x</span></span> Γ Δ Λ Ξ Π and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every other known uncial except three of +bad character: by every known cursive but four</span></em>:—by the Old Latin and +Vulgate: by all the four Syriac: by the Gothic and the Æthiopic Versions; +as well as by ps.-Tatian (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evan. Concord</span></span>, p. 77) and Chrysostom (vii. +359 a). It cannot be pretended that the words are derived from S. Mark's +Gospel (as Tischendorf coarsely imagined);—for the sufficient reason that +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the words are not found there</span></em>. In S. Mark (v. 31) it is,—καὶ λέγεις, Τίς +μου ἥψατο; in S. Luke (viii. 45), καὶ λέγεις, Τίς ὁ ἁψάμενός μου. Moreover, +this delicate distinction has been maintained all down the ages.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_897" name="note_897" href="#noteref_897">897.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page <a href="#Pg154" class="tei tei-ref">154</a> to p. 164.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_898" name="note_898" href="#noteref_898">898.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">You will perhaps remind me that you do not read ἐξελθοῦσαν. I am +aware that you have tacitly substituted ἐξεληλυθυῖαν,—which is only +supported by <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">four</span></em> manuscripts of bad character: being disallowed by +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">eighteen uncials</span></em>, (with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a c d</span></span> at their head,) and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">every known cursive but +one</span></em>; besides the following Fathers:—Marcion (Epiph. i. 313 a, 327 a.) +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 150),—Origen (iii. 466 e.),—the +author of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Dialogus</span></span> (Orig. i. 853 d.) +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 325),—Epiphanius (i. 327 b.),—Didymus (pp. 124, 413.), in two +places,—Basil (iii. 8 c.),—Chrysostom (vii. 532 a.),—Cyril (Opp. vi. 99 e. Mai, ii. 226.) +in two places,—ps.-Athanasius (ii. 14 c.) +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 400),—ps.-Chrysostom (xiii. 212 e f.).... Is it tolerable that the Sacred Text +should be put to wrongs after this fashion, by a body of men who are +avowedly (for see page <a href="#Pg369" class="tei tei-ref">369</a>) unskilled in Textual Criticism, and who +were appointed only to revise the authorized <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">English Version</span></em>?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_899" name="note_899" href="#noteref_899">899.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This I make the actual sum, after deducting for marginal notes and +variations in stops.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_900" name="note_900" href="#noteref_900">900.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">I mean such changes as ἠγέρθη for ἐγήγερται (ix. 7),—φέρετε for ἐνένκαντες +(xv. 23), &c. These are generally the result of a change of construction.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_901" name="note_901" href="#noteref_901">901.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. communication from my friend, the Editor</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_902" name="note_902" href="#noteref_902">902.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">I desire to keep out of sight the <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">critical impropriety</span></em> of such corrections +of the text. And yet, it is worth stating that א <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b l</span></span> are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the only +witnesses discoverable</span></em> for the former, and <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">almost the only</span></em> witnesses to be +found for the latter of these two utterly unmeaning changes.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_903" name="note_903" href="#noteref_903">903.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Characteristic of these two false-witnesses is it, that they are not able +to convey even <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></em> short message correctly. In reporting the two words +ἔρχωμαι ἐνθάδε, they contrive to make two blunders. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span> substitutes +διέρχομαι for διέρχωμαι: א, ὦδε for ἐνθάδε,—which latter eccentricity +Tischendorf (characteristically) does not allude to in his note ... <span class="tei tei-q">“These +be thy gods, O Israel!”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_904" name="note_904" href="#noteref_904">904.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rev. xxii. 19.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_905" name="note_905" href="#noteref_905">905.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 28, c. 1 (p. 655 = Mass. 265). Note that the reference is <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> +to S. Matt. x. 15.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_906" name="note_906" href="#noteref_906">906.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 123.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_907" name="note_907" href="#noteref_907">907.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. vi. 7-13.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_908" name="note_908" href="#noteref_908">908.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 199 and 200.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_909" name="note_909" href="#noteref_909">909.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In loc.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_910" name="note_910" href="#noteref_910">910.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg349" class="tei tei-ref">347-9</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_911" name="note_911" href="#noteref_911">911.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg079" class="tei tei-ref">79-85</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_912" name="note_912" href="#noteref_912">912.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg409" class="tei tei-ref">409-411</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_913" name="note_913" href="#noteref_913">913.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg399" class="tei tei-ref">399</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_914" name="note_914" href="#noteref_914">914.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">on Revision</span></span>, p. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_915" name="note_915" href="#noteref_915">915.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Bp. attended <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">only one meeting</span></em> of the Revisers. (Newth, p. 125.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_916" name="note_916" href="#noteref_916">916.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_917" name="note_917" href="#noteref_917">917.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref">41</a> to 47.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_918" name="note_918" href="#noteref_918">918.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages 17, 18.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_919" name="note_919" href="#noteref_919">919.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref">37</a>, note 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_920" name="note_920" href="#noteref_920">920.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98-106</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_921" name="note_921" href="#noteref_921">921.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages 64-76.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_922" name="note_922" href="#noteref_922">922.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The exceptions are not worth noticing <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">here</span></em>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_923" name="note_923" href="#noteref_923">923.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">N. T. ed. 2da. 1807, iii. 442-3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_924" name="note_924" href="#noteref_924">924.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 887 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_925" name="note_925" href="#noteref_925">925.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancoratus</span></span>, written in Pamphylia, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 373. The extract in +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Adv. Hær.</span></span> extends from p. 887 to p. 899 (= <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ancor.</span></span> ii. 67-79).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_926" name="note_926" href="#noteref_926">926.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 74 b. Note, that to begin the quotation at the word ἐφανερώθη was +a frequent practice with the ancients, especially when enough had been +said already to make it plain that it was of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Son</span></span> they were speaking, +or when it would have been nothing to the purpose to begin with Θεός. +Thus Origen, iv. 465 c:—Didymus on 1 John <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apud</span></span> Galland. vi. 301 a:—Nestorius, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apud</span></span> Cyril, vi. 103 e:—ps-Chrysost. x. 763 c, 764 c:—and +the Latin of Cyril v.<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">1</span></span> 785. So indeed ps-Epiphanius, ii. 307 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_927" name="note_927" href="#noteref_927">927.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 894 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_928" name="note_928" href="#noteref_928">928.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apud</span></span> Theodoret, v. 719.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_929" name="note_929" href="#noteref_929">929.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 622 a,—<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">qui apparuit in carne, justificatus est in spiritu</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_930" name="note_930" href="#noteref_930">930.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De incarn. Unig.</span></span> v. part i. 680 d e = <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De rectâ fide</span></span>, v. part ii. b c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_931" name="note_931" href="#noteref_931">931.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> 681 a = <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> 6 d e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_932" name="note_932" href="#noteref_932">932.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_933" name="note_933" href="#noteref_933">933.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Note at the end of Bishop Ellicott's Commentary on 1 Timothy.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_934" name="note_934" href="#noteref_934">934.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Berriman's MS. Note in the British Museum copy of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>,—p. +154. Another annotated copy is in the Bodleian.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_935" name="note_935" href="#noteref_935">935.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Certe quidem in exemplari Alexandrino nostro, linea illa transversa +quam loquor, adeo exilis ac plane evanida est, ut primo intuitu haud +dubitarim ipse scriptum <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span>, quod proinde in variantes lectiones conjeceram.... +Verum postea perlustrato attentius loco, lineolæ, quæ primam +aciem fugerat, ductus quosdam ac vestigia satis certa deprehendi, præsertim +ad partem sinistram, quæ peripheriam literæ pertingit,”</span> &c.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In loco.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_936" name="note_936" href="#noteref_936">936.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Clem. Rom.</span></span> ed. Wotton, p. 27.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_937" name="note_937" href="#noteref_937">937.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Berriman, pp. 154-5.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_938" name="note_938" href="#noteref_938">938.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">MS. Note.</span></span>) Berriman adds other important testimony, p. 156.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_939" name="note_939" href="#noteref_939">939.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>, p. 156. Berriman refers to the fact that some one in +recent times, with a view apparently to establish the actual reading of the +place, has clumsily thickened the superior stroke with common black ink, +and introduced a rude dot into the middle of the θ. There has been no +attempt at fraud. Such a line and such a dot could deceive no one.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_940" name="note_940" href="#noteref_940">940.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Quanquam lineola, quæ Θεός compendiose scriptum ab ὅς distinguitur, +sublesta videtur nonnullis.”</span>—N. T. p. 710.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_941" name="note_941" href="#noteref_941">941.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Griesbach in 1785 makes the same report:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Manibus hominum +inepte curiosorum ea folii pars quæ dictum controversum continet, adeo +detrita est, ut nemo mortalium hodie certi quidquam discernere possit ... +Non oculos tantum sed digitos etiam adhibuisse videntur, ut primitivam +illius loci lectionem eruerent et velut exsculperent.”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Symb. Crit.</span></span> i. p. x.) +The MS. was evidently in precisely the same state when the Rev. J. C. +Velthusen (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Observations on Various Subjects</span></span>, pp. 74-87) inspected it in +1773.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_942" name="note_942" href="#noteref_942">942.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As C. F. Matthæi [N. T. m. xi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> pp. lii.-iii.] remarks:—<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">cum +de Divinitate</span></em> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christi</span></span> <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">agitur, ibi profecto sui dissimilior deprehenditur</span></em>.”</span> +Woide instances it as an example of the force of prejudice, that Wetstein +<span class="tei tei-q">“apparitionem lineolæ alii causæ adscripsisse, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">quia eam abesse volebat</span></em>.”</span> +[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> p. xxxi.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_943" name="note_943" href="#noteref_943">943.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Patet, ut alia mittamus, e consensu Versionum,”</span> &c.—ii. 149.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_944" name="note_944" href="#noteref_944">944.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Woide, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_945" name="note_945" href="#noteref_945">945.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Supra</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg100" class="tei tei-ref">100</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_946" name="note_946" href="#noteref_946">946.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 553.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_947" name="note_947" href="#noteref_947">947.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introd.</span></span> p. 553.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_948" name="note_948" href="#noteref_948">948.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Any one desirous of understanding this question fully, should +(besides Berriman's admirable <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>) read Woide's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfatio</span></span> to +his edition of Codex A, pp. xxx. to xxxii. (§ 87).—<span class="tei tei-q">“Erunt fortasse +quidam”</span> (he writes in conclusion) <span class="tei tei-q">“qui suspicabuntur, nonnullos hanc +lineolam diametralem in medio Θ vidisse, quoniam eam videre volebant. +Nec negari potest præsumptarum opinionum esse vim permagnam. Sed +idem, etiam Wetstenio, nec immerito, objici potest, eam apparitionem +lineolæ alii causæ adscripsisse, quia eam abesse volebat. Et eruditissimis +placere aliquando, quæ vitiosa sunt, scio: sed omnia testimonia, omnemque +historicam veritatem in suspicionem adducere non licet: nec +mirum est nos ea nunc non discernere, quæ, antequam nos Codicem +vidissemus, evanuerant.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_949" name="note_949" href="#noteref_949">949.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prolegomena</span></span> to his ed. of Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>,—pp. 39-42.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_950" name="note_950" href="#noteref_950">950.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Ος habet codex <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">c</span></span>, ut puto; nam lineola illa tenuis, quæ ex Ο facit +Θ, non apparet.”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">In loc.</span></span>) And so Griesbach, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Symb. Crit.</span></span> i. p. viii. +(1785).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_951" name="note_951" href="#noteref_951">951.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Quotiescunque locum inspiciebam (inspexi autem per hoc biennium +sæpissime) mihi prorsus apparebat.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Quam [lineolam] miror hucusque +omnium oculos fugisse.”</span> [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prolegg.</span></span> p. 41].... Equidem miror sane.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_952" name="note_952" href="#noteref_952">952.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 75.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_953" name="note_953" href="#noteref_953">953.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages 64, 69, 71, 75.—Some have pointed out that opposite <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span>—above +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ΟΣ</span></span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>,—is written <span class="tei tei-q">“quod.”</span> Yes, but not <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">qui</span></em>.”</span> The Latin +version is independent of the Greek. In S. Mark xi. 8, above ΑΓΡΩΝ is +written <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">arboribus</span></span>;”</span> and in 1 Tim. iv. 10, ΑΓΩΝΙΖΟΜΕΘΑ is translated +by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">maledicimur</span></span>,”</span>—by <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">exprobramur vel maledicimur</span></span>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_954" name="note_954" href="#noteref_954">954.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction to</span></span> Cod. Augiensis, p. xxviij.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_955" name="note_955" href="#noteref_955">955.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> Out of ΟΜΕΝΤΟΙΣΤΕΡΕΟΣ [2 Tim. ii. 19], they both make +Ο · μεν · το · ισ · τεραιος. For ὑγιαίνωσιν [Tit. i. 13], both write υγει · +ενωσειν:—for καινὴ κτίσις [2 Cor. v. 17] both give και · νηκτισις:—for +ἀνέγκλητοι ὄντες [1 Tim. iii. 10], both exhibit ανευ · κλητοιον · εχοντες +(<span class="tei tei-q">“nullum crimen habentes”</span>):—for ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ἕξει [2 Tim. ii. +17], both exhibit ως · γανγρα · ινα · (F G) νομηνεξει, (G, who writes above +the words <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">sicut cancer ut serpat</span></span>”</span>).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_956" name="note_956" href="#noteref_956">956.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">He must be held responsible for ὝΠΟΚΡΙΣΙ in place of ὑποκρίσει +[1 Tim. iv. 2]: ΑΣΤΙΖΟΜΕΝΟΣ instead of λογιζόμενος [2 Cor. v. 19]: +ΠΡΙΧΟΤΗΤΙ instead of πραότητι [2 Tim. ii. 25]. And he was the author +of ΓΕΡΜΑΝΕ in Phil. iv. 3: as well as of Ο δε πνευμα in 1 Tim. iv. 1. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But the scribes of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> also were curiously innocent of Greek. +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> suggests that γυναιξειν (in 1 Tim. ii. 10) may be <span class="tei tei-q">“infinitivus”</span>—(of course +from γυναίκω).</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_957" name="note_957" href="#noteref_957">957.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 155.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_958" name="note_958" href="#noteref_958">958.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Thirteen times between Rom. i. 7 and xiii. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_959" name="note_959" href="#noteref_959">959.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">E.g.</span></span> Gal. iii. 1; 1 Cor. xv. 55; 2 Cor. vi. 11 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ο</span></span>ς and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">ο</span></span>). Those who +have Matthæi's reprint of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">g</span></span> at hand are invited to refer to the last line of +fol. 91: (1 Tim. vi. 20) where Ὦ Τιμόθεε is exhibited thus:—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ο</span></span> Ὦ +ΤΙΜΟΘΕΕ.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_960" name="note_960" href="#noteref_960">960.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Col. ii. 22, 23: iii. 2.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_961" name="note_961" href="#noteref_961">961.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">As 1 Tim. iii. 1: iv. 14: vi. 15. Consider the practice of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f</span></span> in +1 Thess. i. 9 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ο</span></span>; ΠΟΙΑΝ): in 2 Cor. viii. 11, 14 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Ο</span></span>; ΠΩΣ).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_962" name="note_962" href="#noteref_962">962.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rarest of all are instances of this mark over the Latin <span class="tei tei-q">“e”</span>: but we +meet with <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">spē</span></span>”</span> (Col. i. 23): <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">sē</span></span>”</span> (ii. 18): <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">rēpēntes</span></span> (2 Tim. iii. 6), &c. +So, in the Greek, ἡ or ᾗ written <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Η</span></span> are most unusual.—A few instances +are found of <span class="tei tei-q">“u”</span> with this appendage, as <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">domūs</span></span>”</span> (1 Tim. v. 13): <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">spiritū</span></span>”</span> +(1 Cor. iv. 21), &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_963" name="note_963" href="#noteref_963">963.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">This information is obtained from a photograph of the page procured +from Dresden through the kindness of the librarian, Counsellor +Dr. Forstemann.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_964" name="note_964" href="#noteref_964">964.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Rettig's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Prolegg.</span></span> pp. xxiv.-v.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_965" name="note_965" href="#noteref_965">965.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“You will perceive that I have now succeeded in identifying every +Evangelium hitherto spoken of as existing in Florence, with the exception +of Evan 365 [Act. 145, Paul 181] (Laurent vi. 36), &c., which is said to +<span class="tei tei-q">‘contain also the Psalms.’</span> I assure you no such Codex exists in the +Laurentian Library; no, nor ever did exist there. Dr. Anziani devoted +full an hour to the enquiry, allowing me [for I was very incredulous] to +see the process whereby he convinced himself that Scholz is in error. It +was just such an intelligent and exhaustive process as Coxe of the +Bodleian, or dear old Dr. Bandinel before him, would have gone through +under similar circumstances. Pray strike that Codex off your list; and +with it <span class="tei tei-q">‘Acts 145’</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">‘Paul 181.’</span> I need hardly say that Bandini's +Catalogue knows nothing of it. It annoys me to be obliged to add that +I cannot even find out the history of Scholz's mistake.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Guardian</span></span>, +August 27, 1873.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_966" name="note_966" href="#noteref_966">966.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Whose</span></em> word on such matters is entitled to most credit,—the word +of the Reviewer, or the word of the most famous manuscript collators +of this century?... Those who have had occasion to seek in public +libraries for manuscripts which are not famous for antiquity or beauty or +completeness (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sic</span></span>), know that the answer <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">non est inventus</span></span>’</span> is no conclusive +reason for believing that the object of their quest has not been +seen and collated in former years by those who profess to have actually +seen and collated it. That 181 <span class="tei tei-q">‘is non-existent’</span> must be considered +unproven.”</span>—Bp. Ellicott's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Pamphlet</span></span>, p. 72.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_967" name="note_967" href="#noteref_967">967.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The learned Abbé Martin, who has obligingly inspected for me the +18 copies of the <span class="tei tei-q">“Praxapostolus”</span> in the Paris library, reports as follows +concerning <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 12”</span> ( = Reg. 375),—<span class="tei tei-q">“A very foul MS. of small value, +I believe: but a curious specimen of bad Occidental scholarship. It was +copied for the monks of S. Denys, and exhibits many Latin words; having +been apparently revised on the Latin. The lection is assigned to +Σαββάτῳ λ᾽ (not λδ᾽) in this codex.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_968" name="note_968" href="#noteref_968">968.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Codices Cryptenses seu Abbatiæ Cryptæ Ferratæ in Tusculano, +digesti et illustrati cura et studio</span></span> D. Antonii Rocchi, Hieromonachi +Basiliani Bibliothecæ custodis,”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Tusculani</span></span>, fol. 1882.—I have received +424 pages (1 May, 1883).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_969" name="note_969" href="#noteref_969">969.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not a few of the Basilian Codices have been transferred to the Vatican.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_970" name="note_970" href="#noteref_970">970.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span> to the present volume, I will give fuller information. +I am still (3rd May, 1883) awaiting replies to my troublesome +interrogatories addressed to the heads of not a few continental libraries.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_971" name="note_971" href="#noteref_971">971.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Rufinus, namely (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">fl.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 395). <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> iv. 465</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_972" name="note_972" href="#noteref_972">972.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. letter to myself, August 11, 1879.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_973" name="note_973" href="#noteref_973">973.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. letter from the Rev. Henry Deane, of S. John's College, Oxford.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_974" name="note_974" href="#noteref_974">974.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, page <a href="#Pg429" class="tei tei-ref">429</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_975" name="note_975" href="#noteref_975">975.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 71. And so p. 65 and 69.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_976" name="note_976" href="#noteref_976">976.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">MS. letter to myself.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_977" name="note_977" href="#noteref_977">977.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, page <a href="#Pg429" class="tei tei-ref">429</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_978" name="note_978" href="#noteref_978">978.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ulfilas. Veteris et Novi Test. Versionis Goth. fragmenta quæ supersunt</span></span>, +&c. 4to. 1843.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_979" name="note_979" href="#noteref_979">979.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-q">“Si tamen Uppström <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">obscurum</span></em>’</span> dixit, non <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">incertum</span></em>,’</span> fides illi +adhiberi potest, quia diligentissime apices omnes investigabat; me enim +præsente in aula codicem tractabat.”</span>—(Private letter to myself.) +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Ceriani proceeds,—<span class="tei tei-q">“Quæris quomodo componatur cum textu 1 Tim. +iii. 16, nota <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="vertical-align: super">54</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Proleg.</span></span> Gabelentz Gothicam versionem legens Θεός. Putarem +ex loco Castillionæi in notis ad Philip. ii. 6, locutos fuisse doctos illos +Germanos, oblitos illius Routh præcepti <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Let me recommend to you the +practice of always verifying your references, sir</span></em>.’</span> ”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +The reader will be interested to be informed that Castiglione, the +former editor of the codex, was in favour of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>”</span> in 1835, and of <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">soei</span></span>”</span> +(<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">quæ</span></span> [ = ὅ], to agree with <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">runa</span></span>,”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> <span class="tei tei-q">“mystery,”</span> which is feminine in +Gothic) in 1839. Gabelentz, in 1843, ventured to print <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">saei</span></span>”</span> = ὅς. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Et <span class="tei tei-q">‘saei’</span> legit etiam diligentissimus Andreas Uppström nuperus codicis +Ambrosiani investigator et editor, in opere <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Codicis Gothici Ambrosiani +sive Epist. Pauli, &c.</span></span> Holmiæ et Lipsiæ, 1868.”</span></p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_980" name="note_980" href="#noteref_980">980.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Stuttgard, 1857.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_981" name="note_981" href="#noteref_981">981.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Of the department of Oriental MSS. in the Brit. Mus., who derives +his text from <span class="tei tei-q">“the three Museum MSS. which contain the Arabic Version +of the Epistles: viz. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Harl.</span></span> 5474 (dated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1332):—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Oriental</span></span> 1328 (Xth +cent.):—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Arundel Orient.</span></span> 19 (dated <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 1616).”</span>—Walton's Polyglott, he +says, exhibits <span class="tei tei-q">“a garbled version, quite distinct from the genuine Arabic: +viz. <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">These glories commemorate them in the greatness of the mystery of +fair piety. </span><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span><span style="font-style: italic"> appeared in the flesh</span></em>,’</span> ”</span> &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_982" name="note_982" href="#noteref_982">982.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg271" class="tei tei-ref">271</a> to 294.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_983" name="note_983" href="#noteref_983">983.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">i. 387 a: 551 a: 663 a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>.—ii. 430 a: 536 c: 581 c: 594 a, 595 b +(these two, of the 2nd pagination): 693 d [ = ii. 265, ed. 1615, from +which Tisch. quotes it. The place may be seen in full, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">supra</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref">101</a>.]—iii. +39 b <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bis</span></span>: 67 a b.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ap. Galland.</span></span> vi. 518 c: 519 d: 520 b: 526 d: +532 a: 562 b: 566 d: 571 a. All but five of these places, I believe, +exhibit ὁ Θεός,—which seems to have been the reading of this Father. +The article is seldom seen in MSS. Only four instances of it,—(they will +be found distinctly specified below, page <a href="#Pg493" class="tei tei-ref">493</a>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span> 1),—are known to +exist. More places must have been overlooked. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Note, that Griesbach only mentions Gregory of Nyssa (whose name +Tregelles omits entirely) to remark that he is not to be cited for Θεός; +seeing that, according to him, 1 Tim. iii. 16 is to be read thus:—τὸ +μυστήριον ἐν σαρκὶ ἐφανερώθη. Griesbach borrowed that quotation and +that blunder from Wetstein; to be blindly followed in turn by Scholz +and Alford. And yet, the words in question are <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not the words of Gregory +Nyss. at all</span></em>; but of Apolinaris, against whom Gregory is writing,—as +Gregory himself explains. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Antirrh. adv. Apol.</span></span> apud Galland. vi. 522 d.]</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_984" name="note_984" href="#noteref_984">984.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Trin.</span></span> p. 83. The testimony is express.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_985" name="note_985" href="#noteref_985">985.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 92: iii. 657.-iv. 19, 23.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_986" name="note_986" href="#noteref_986">986.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 313:—ii. 263.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_987" name="note_987" href="#noteref_987">987.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 497 c d e.—viii. 85 e: 86 a.—xi. 605 f: 606 a b d e.—(The first of +these places occurs in the Homily <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">de Beato Philogonio</span></span>, which Matthæi in +the main [viz. from p. 497, line 20, to the end] edited from an independent +source [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectt. Mosqq.</span></span> 1779]. Gallandius [xiv. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Append.</span></span> 141-4] reprints +Matthæi's labours).—Concerning this place of Chrysostom (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">vide suprà</span></span>, p. +<a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref">101</a>), Bp. Ellicott says (p. 66),—<span class="tei tei-q">“The passage which he [the Quarterly +Reviewer] does allege, deserves to be placed before our readers in full, as +an illustration of the precarious character of patristic evidence. If this +passage attests the reading θεός in 1 Tim. iii. 16, does it not also attest the +reading ὁ θεός in Heb. ii. 16, where no copyist or translator has introduced +it?”</span>... I can but say, in reply,—<span class="tei tei-q">“No, certainly not.”</span> May I be permitted +to add, that it is to me simply unintelligible how Bp. Ellicott can +show himself so <span class="tei tei-foreign"><span style="font-style: italic">planè hospes</span></span> in this department of sacred Science as to be +capable of gravely asking such a very foolish question?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_988" name="note_988" href="#noteref_988">988.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">i. 215 a: 685 b. The places may be seen quoted <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">suprà</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg101" class="tei tei-ref">101</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_989" name="note_989" href="#noteref_989">989.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The place is quoted in Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, p. 59.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_990" name="note_990" href="#noteref_990">990.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Antirrheticus</span></span>, ap. Galland. vi. 517-77.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_991" name="note_991" href="#noteref_991">991.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The full title was,—Ἀπόδειξις περὶ τῆς θείας σαρκώσεως τῆς καθ᾽ +ὁμοίωσιν ἀνθρώπου. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> 518 b, c: 519 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_992" name="note_992" href="#noteref_992">992.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apolinaris did not deny that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> was very <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span>. His heresy (like +that of Arius) turned upon the nature of the conjunction of the Godhead +with the Manhood. Hear Theodoret:—Α. Θεὸς Λόγος σαρκὶ ἑνωθεὶς +ἄνθρωπον ἀπετέλεσεν Θεόν. Ο. Τοῦτο οὖν λέγεις θείαν ἐμψυχίαν? Α. +Καὶ πάνυ. Ο. Ἀντὶ ψυχῆς οὖν ὁ Λόγος? Α. Ναί. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dial.</span></span> vi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">adv. Apol.</span></span> +(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> v. 1080 = Athanas. ii. 525 d.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_993" name="note_993" href="#noteref_993">993.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Actus</span></span>, iii. 69. It is also met with in the Catena on +the Acts which J. C. Wolf published in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Anecdota Græca</span></span>, iii. 137-8. +The place is quoted above, p. <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref">102</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_994" name="note_994" href="#noteref_994">994.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cramer's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Cat. in Rom.</span></span> p. 124.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_995" name="note_995" href="#noteref_995">995.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_996" name="note_996" href="#noteref_996">996.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 65.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_997" name="note_997" href="#noteref_997">997.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 65.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_998" name="note_998" href="#noteref_998">998.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg429" class="tei tei-ref">429</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_999" name="note_999" href="#noteref_999">999.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bentley, Scholz, Tischendorf, Alford and others adduce <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Euthalius</span></span>.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1000" name="note_1000" href="#noteref_1000">1000.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, i. 849-893. The place is quoted below in note 3.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1001" name="note_1001" href="#noteref_1001">1001.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Verum ex illis verbis illud tantum inferri debet false eam epistolam +Dionysio Alexandrino attribui: non autem scriptum non fuisse ab aliquo +ex Episcopis qui Synodis adversus Paulum Antiochenum celebratis interfuerant. +Innumeris enim exemplis constat indubitatæ antiquitatis +Epistolas ex Scriptorum errore falsos titulos præferre.”</span>—(Pagi ad <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 264, +apud Mansi, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concil.</span></span> i. 1039.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1002" name="note_1002" href="#noteref_1002">1002.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">εἶς ἐστιν ὁ Χριστός, ὁ ῶν ἐν τῷ Πατρι συναΐδιος λόγος, ἕν αὐτοῦ +πρόσωπον, ἀόρατος Θεός, καὶ ὁρατὸς γενόμενος; ΘΕῸΣ ΓᾺΡ ἘΦΑΝΕΡΏΘΗ +ἘΝ ΣΑΡΚΊ, γενόμενος ἐκ γυναικός, ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς γεννηθεὶς ἐκ γαστρὸς +πρὸ ἑωσφόρου—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, i. 853 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1003" name="note_1003" href="#noteref_1003">1003.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cap. xi.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1004" name="note_1004" href="#noteref_1004">1004.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ad Ephes.</span></span> c. 19: c. 7. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ad Magnes.</span></span> c. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1005" name="note_1005" href="#noteref_1005">1005.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cap. xii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1006" name="note_1006" href="#noteref_1006">1006.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contra Hæresim Noeti</span></span>, c. xvii. (Routh's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opuscula</span></span>, i. 76.) Read the +antecedent chapters.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1007" name="note_1007" href="#noteref_1007">1007.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dialog.</span></span> ii. '<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Inconfusus.</span></span>'—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> iv. 132.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1008" name="note_1008" href="#noteref_1008">1008.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cod. 230,—p. 845, line 40.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1009" name="note_1009" href="#noteref_1009">1009.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">vii. 26, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ap. Galland</span></span>. iii. 182 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1010" name="note_1010" href="#noteref_1010">1010.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iii. 401-2, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Epist.</span></span> 261 ( = 65). A quotation from Gal. iv. 4 follows.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1011" name="note_1011" href="#noteref_1011">1011.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">μαθήσεται γὰρ ὅτι φύσει μὲν καὶ ἀληθείᾳ Θεός ἐστιν ὁ Ἐμμανουήλ, +θεοτόκος δὲ δι᾽ αὐτὸν καὶ ἡ τεκοῦσα παρθένος.—Vol. v. Part ii. 48 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1012" name="note_1012" href="#noteref_1012">1012.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">καὶ οὔτι που φαμὲν ὅτι καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἁπλῶς, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς Θεὸς +ἐν σαρκὶ καὶ καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς γεγονώς.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> V. Part 2, p. 124 c d. (= <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, +iii. 221 c d.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1013" name="note_1013" href="#noteref_1013">1013.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">N. T. vol. xi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> p. xli.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1014" name="note_1014" href="#noteref_1014">1014.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">διὰ τοῦ ἐν ἀυτῷ φανερωθέντος Θεοῦ.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">De Incarnatione Domini</span></span>, Mai, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Nov. PP. Bibliotheca</span></span>, ii. 68.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1015" name="note_1015" href="#noteref_1015">1015.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Earlier in the same Treatise, Cyril thus grandly paraphrases 1 Tim. +iii. 16:—τότε δὴ τότε τὸ μέγα καὶ ἄῤῥητον γίνεται τῆς οἰκονομίας μυστήριον; +αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ, ὁ δημιουργὸς ἁπάσης τῆς κτίσεως, ὁ +ἀχώρητος, ὁ ἀπερίγραπτος, ὁ ἀναλλοίωτος, ἡ πηγὴ τῆς ζωῆς, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ +φωτὸς φῶς, ἡ ζῶσα τοῦ Πατρὸς εἰκών, τὸ ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης, ὁ χαρακτὴρ +τῆς ὑποστάσεως, τὴν ἀνθρωπείαν φύσιν ἀναλαμβάνει.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 37.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1016" name="note_1016" href="#noteref_1016">1016.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 153 d. (= <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 264 c d.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1017" name="note_1017" href="#noteref_1017">1017.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid</span></span>, d e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1018" name="note_1018" href="#noteref_1018">1018.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">εἰ μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἕνα τῶν καθ᾽ ἡμᾶς, ἄνθρωπον ἁπλῶς, καὶ οὐχὶ δὴ +μᾶλλον Θεὸν ἐνηνθρωπηκότα διεκήρυξαν οἰ μαθηταί κ.τ.λ. Presently,—μέγα +γὰρ τότε τὸ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐστὶ μυστήριον, πεφανέρωται γὰρ ἐν +σαρκὶ Θεὸς ὢν ὁ Λόγος. p. 154 a b c.—In a subsequent page,—ὅ γε μὴν +ἐνανθρωπήσας Θεός, καίτοι νομισθεὶς οὐδὲν ἕτερον εἶναι πλὴν ὅτι μόνον +ἄνθρωπος ... ἐκηρύχθη ἐν ἔθνεσιν, ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ, τετίμηται δὲ καὶ +ὡς Υἱὸς ἀληθῶς τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ Πατρός ... Θεὸς εἶναι πεπιστευμένος.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> +p. 170 d e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1019" name="note_1019" href="#noteref_1019">1019.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ἀναθεματισμὸς β᾽.—Εἴ τις οὐχ ὁμολογεῖ σαρκὶ καθ᾽ ὑπόστασιν ἡνῶσθαι +τὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ Πατρὸς Λόγον, ἕνα τε εἶναι Χριστὸν μετὰ τῆς ἰδίας σαρκός, +τὸν αὐτὸν δηλονότι Θεόν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἄνθρωπον, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω.—vi. 148 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1020" name="note_1020" href="#noteref_1020">1020.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> b, c, down to 149 a. (= <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, iii. 815 b-e.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1021" name="note_1021" href="#noteref_1021">1021.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Preserved by Œcumenius in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Catena</span></span>, 1631, ii. 228.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1022" name="note_1022" href="#noteref_1022">1022.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Ellis, p. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1023" name="note_1023" href="#noteref_1023">1023.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In loc.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1024" name="note_1024" href="#noteref_1024">1024.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Variæ Lect.</span></span> ii. 232. He enumerates ten MSS. in which he found it,—but +he only quotes down to ἐφανερώθη.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1025" name="note_1025" href="#noteref_1025">1025.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In loc.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1026" name="note_1026" href="#noteref_1026">1026.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 227 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1027" name="note_1027" href="#noteref_1027">1027.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pointed out long since by Matthæi, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">N. T.</span></span> vol. xi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> p. xlviii. +Also in his ed. of 1807,—iii. 443-4. <span class="tei tei-q">“Nec ideo laudatus est, ut doceret +Cyrillum loco Θεός legisse ὅς, sed ideo, ne quis si Deum factum legeret +hominem, humanis peccatis etiam obnoxium esse crederet.”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1028" name="note_1028" href="#noteref_1028">1028.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See Berriman's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>, p. 189.—(MS. note of the Author.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1029" name="note_1029" href="#noteref_1029">1029.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Not from the 2nd article of his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Explanatio xii. capitum</span></span>, as Tischendorf +supposes.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1030" name="note_1030" href="#noteref_1030">1030.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See how P. E. Pusey characterizes the <span class="tei tei-q">“Scholia,”</span> in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Preface</span></span> to +vol. vi. of his edition,—pp. xii. xiii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1031" name="note_1031" href="#noteref_1031">1031.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cyril's Greek, (to judge from Mercator's Latin,) must have run somewhat +as follows:—Ὁ θεσπέσιος Παῦλος ὁμολογουμένως μέγα φησὶν εἶναι τὸ +τῆς εὐσεβείας μυστήριον. Καὶ ὄντως οὔτως ἔξει; ἐφανερώθη γὰρ ἐν σαρκί, +Θεὸς ὢν ὁ Λόγος.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1032" name="note_1032" href="#noteref_1032">1032.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> vol. v. P. i. p. 785 d.—The original scholium (of which the extant +Greek proves to be only a garbled fragment, [see Pusey's ed. vi. p. 520,]) +abounds in expressions which imply, (if they do not require,) that Θεός +went before: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">e.g.</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">quasi Deus homo factus:</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">erant ergo gentes in +mundo sine Deo, cum absque Christo essent:</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">Deus enim erat incarnatus:</span></span><span style="font-style: italic">—</span><span class="tei tei-q"><span style="font-style: italic">in +humanitate tamen Deus remansit: Deus enim Verbum, +carne assumptâ, non deposuit quod erat; intelligitur tamen idem Deus +simul et homo,</span></span></span> &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1033" name="note_1033" href="#noteref_1033">1033.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1034" name="note_1034" href="#noteref_1034">1034.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> vi. 327.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1035" name="note_1035" href="#noteref_1035">1035.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 852.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1036" name="note_1036" href="#noteref_1036">1036.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Matthæi, N. T. xi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> pp. lii.-iii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1037" name="note_1037" href="#noteref_1037">1037.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Vol. V. P. ii. pp. 55-180.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1038" name="note_1038" href="#noteref_1038">1038.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“How is the Godhead of Christ proved?”</span> (asks Ussher in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Body of +Divinity</span></span>, ed. 1653, p. 161). And he adduces out of the N. T. only Jo. i. 1, +xx. 28; Rom. ix. 5; 1 Jo. v. 20.—He <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">had</span></em> quoted 1 Tim. iii. 16 in p. 160 +(with Rom. ix. 5) to prove the union of the two natures.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1039" name="note_1039" href="#noteref_1039">1039.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Burgon's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Last Twelve Verses</span></span>, &c., p. 195 and note. See Canon Cook +on this subject,—pp. 146-7.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1040" name="note_1040" href="#noteref_1040">1040.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Suprà</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg102" class="tei tei-ref">102</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1041" name="note_1041" href="#noteref_1041">1041.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pp. 68-9.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1042" name="note_1042" href="#noteref_1042">1042.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Proleg. in N. T.</span></span>,—§ 1013.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1043" name="note_1043" href="#noteref_1043">1043.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp.</span></span> (ed. 1645) ii. 447.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1044" name="note_1044" href="#noteref_1044">1044.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, v. 772 a. I quote from Garnier's ed. of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Breviarium</span></span>, +reprinted by Gallandius, xii. 1532.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1045" name="note_1045" href="#noteref_1045">1045.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">iv. 465 c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1046" name="note_1046" href="#noteref_1046">1046.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, vi. 28 e [= iii. 645 c (ed. Harduin)].</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1047" name="note_1047" href="#noteref_1047">1047.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Ex sequentibus colligo quædam exemplaria tempore Anastasii et +Macedonii habuisse ὅς Θεός; ut, mutatione factâ ὅς in ὡς, intelligeretur +<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ut esset Deus</span></em>.”</span> (Cotelerii, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Eccl. Gr. Mon.</span></span> iii. 663)—<span class="tei tei-q">“Q. d. Ut hic homo, +qui dicitur Jesus, esset et dici posset Deus,”</span> &c. (Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in loc.</span></span> He +declares absolutely <span class="tei tei-q">“olim legerunt ... ὅς Θεός.”</span>)—All this was noticed +long since by Berriman, pp. 243-4.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1048" name="note_1048" href="#noteref_1048">1048.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 83,”</span> is <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Crypta-Ferrat.</span></span> A. β. iv.”</span> described in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>. +I owe the information to the learned librarian of Crypta Ferrata, the +Hieromonachus A. Rocchi. It is a pleasure to transcribe the letter which +conveyed information which the writer knew would be acceptable to me:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Clme +Rme Domine. Quod erat in votis, plures loci illius Paulini non +modo in nostris codd. lectiones, sed et in his ipsis variationes, adsequutus +es. Modo ego operi meo finem imponam, descriptis prope sexcentis et +quinquaginta quinque vel codicibus vel MSS. Tres autem, quos primum +nunc notatos tibi exhibeo, pertinent ad Liturgicorum ordinem. Jam +felici omine tuas prosoquere elucubrationes, cautus tantum ne studio et +labore nimio valetudinem tuam defatiges. Vale. De Tusculano, xi. kal. +Maias, an. R. S. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">mdccclxxxiii</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Antonius Rocchi</span></span>, Hieromonachus +Basilianus.”</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +For <span class="tei tei-q">“Paul 282,”</span> (a bilingual MS. at Paris, known as <span class="tei tei-q">“Arménien 9,”</span>) I +am indebted to the Abbé Martin, who describes it in his <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction +à la Critique Textuelle du N. T.</span></span>, 1883,—pp. 660-1. See <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1049" name="note_1049" href="#noteref_1049">1049.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Prebendary Scrivener (p. 555) ably closes the list. Any one desirous +of mastering the entire literature of the subject should study the Rev. John +Berriman's interesting and exhaustive <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>,—pp. 229-263.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1050" name="note_1050" href="#noteref_1050">1050.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The reader is invited to read what Berriman, (who was engaged on his +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Dissertation</span></span>”</span> while Bp. Butler was writing the <span class="tei tei-q">“Advertisement”</span> prefixed +to his <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Analogy</span></span>”</span> [1736],) has written on this part of the subject,—pp. +120-9, 173-198, 231-240, 259-60, 262, &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1051" name="note_1051" href="#noteref_1051">1051.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apud Athanasium, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opp</span></span>. ii. 33; and see Garnier's introductory Note.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1052" name="note_1052" href="#noteref_1052">1052.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“Audi Paulum magnâ voce clamantem: <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Deus manifestatus est in carne</span></em> +[down to] <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">assumptus est in gloriâ</span></em>. O magni doctoris affatum! <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Deus</span></em>, +inquit, <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">manifestatus est in carne</span></em>,”</span> &c.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, vii. p. 618 e.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1053" name="note_1053" href="#noteref_1053">1053.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Theodori Studitæ, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Epistt</span></span>. lib. ii. 36, and 156. (Sirmondi's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Opera +Varia</span></span>, vol. v. pp. 349 e and 498 b,—Venet. 1728.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1054" name="note_1054" href="#noteref_1054">1054.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Paul 113, (Matthæi's a) contains two Scholia which witness to Θεὸς +ἐφανερώθη:—Paul 115, (Matthæi's d) also contains two Scholia.—Paul +118, (Matthæi's h).—Paul 123, (Matthæi's n). See Matthæi's N. T. +vol. xi. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Præfat.</span></span> pp. xlii.-iii.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1055" name="note_1055" href="#noteref_1055">1055.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 228 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1056" name="note_1056" href="#noteref_1056">1056.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">ii. 569 e: 570 a.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1057" name="note_1057" href="#noteref_1057">1057.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Panoplia</span></span>,—Tergobyst, 1710, fol. ρκγ᾽. p. 2, col. 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1058" name="note_1058" href="#noteref_1058">1058.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Σαββάτῳ πρὸ τῶν φώτων.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1059" name="note_1059" href="#noteref_1059">1059.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">But in Apost. 12 (Reg. 375) it is the lection for the 30th (λ᾽) Saturday.—In +Apost. 33 (Reg. 382), for the 31st (λα᾽).—In Apost. 26 (Reg. +320), the lection for the 34th Saturday begins at 1 Tim. vi. 11.—Apostt. +26 and 27 (Regg. 320-1) are said to have a peculiar order of lessons.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1060" name="note_1060" href="#noteref_1060">1060.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For convenience, many codices are reckoned under this head (viz. of +<span class="tei tei-q">“Apostolus”</span>) which are rather Ἀπόστολο-εὐαγγέλια. Many again which +are but fragmentary, or contain only a very few lessons from the Epistles: +such are Apostt. 97 to 103. See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1061" name="note_1061" href="#noteref_1061">1061.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">No. 21, 28, 31 are said to be Gospel lessons (<span class="tei tei-q">“Evstt.”</span>). No. 29, 35 and +36 are Euchologia; <span class="tei tei-q">“the two latter probably Melchite, for the codices +exhibit some Arabic words”</span> (Abbé Martin). No. 43 and 48 must be +erased. No. 70 and 81 are identical with 52 (B. M. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Addit.</span></span> 32051).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1062" name="note_1062" href="#noteref_1062">1062.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Apost. 1: 3: 6: 9 & 10 (which are Menologies with a few +Gospel lections): 15: 16: 17: 19: 20: 24: 26: 27: 32: 37: 39: 44: +47: 50: 53: 55: 56: 59: 60: 61: 63: 64: 66: 67: 68: 71: 72: 73: +75: 76: 78: 79: 80: 87: 88: 90.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1063" name="note_1063" href="#noteref_1063">1063.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Apost. 4 at Florence: 8 at Copenhagen: 40, 41, 42 at Rome: +54 at St. Petersburg: 74 in America.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1064" name="note_1064" href="#noteref_1064">1064.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Apost. 2 and 52 (Addit. 32051) in the B. Mus., also 69 (Addit. +29714 verified by Dr. C. R. Gregory): 5 at Gottingen: 7 at the Propaganda +(verified by Dr. Beyer): 11, 22, 23, 25, 30, 33 at Paris (verified by +Abbé Martin): 13, 14, 18 at Moscow: 38, 49 in the Vatican (verified by +Signor Cozza-Luzi): 45 at Glasgow (verified by Dr. Young): 46 at +Milan (verified by Dr. Ceriani): 51 at Besançon (verified by M. Castan): +57 and 62 at Lambeth, also 65 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b-c</span></span> (all three verified by Scrivener): 58 +at Ch. Ch., Oxford: 77 at Moscow: 82 at Messina (verified by Papas Matranga): +84 and 89 at Crypta Ferrata (verified by Hieromonachus Rocchi).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1065" name="note_1065" href="#noteref_1065">1065.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Apost. 34 (Reg. 383), a XVth-century Codex. The Abbé Martin +assures me that this copy exhibits μυστήριον; | θῢ ἐφανερώθη. Note +however that the position of the point, as well as the accentuation, proves +that nothing else but θς was intended. This is very instructive. What +if the same slip of the pen had been found in Cod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b</span></span>?</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1066" name="note_1066" href="#noteref_1066">1066.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Apost 83 (Crypta Ferrata, A. β. iv.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1067" name="note_1067" href="#noteref_1067">1067.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Praxapost. 85 and 86 (Crypta Ferrata, A. β. vii. which exhibits +μυστήριον; ὅς ἐφα | νερώθη ἐν σαρκί; and A. β. viii., which exhibits μυστίριον; +ὅς ἐ ... νερώθη | ἐν σαρκύ. [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sic.</span></span>]). Concerning these codices, see +above, pp. <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref">446</a> to 448.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1068" name="note_1068" href="#noteref_1068">1068.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, ii. 217 c ( = ed. Hard. i. 418 b).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1069" name="note_1069" href="#noteref_1069">1069.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">He wrote a history of the Council of Nicæa, in which he introduces +the discussions of the several Bishops present,—all the product (as Cave +thinks) of his own brain.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1070" name="note_1070" href="#noteref_1070">1070.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">viii. 214 b.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1071" name="note_1071" href="#noteref_1071">1071.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Cited at the Council of CP. (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 553). [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, ed. Labbe et +Cossart, v. 447 b c = ed. Harduin, iii. 29 c and 82 e.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1072" name="note_1072" href="#noteref_1072">1072.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Concilia</span></span>, Labbe, v. 449 a, and Harduin, iii. 84 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1073" name="note_1073" href="#noteref_1073">1073.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Harduin, iii. 32 d.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1074" name="note_1074" href="#noteref_1074">1074.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">A Latin translation of the work of Leontius (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Contra Nestor. et +Eutych.</span></span>), wherein it is stated that the present place was found in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">lib.</span></span> xiii., +may be seen in Gallandius [xii. 660-99: the passage under consideration +being given at p. 694 c d]: but Mai (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Script. Vett.</span></span> vi. 290-312), having +discovered in the Vatican the original text of the excerpts from Theod. +Mops., published (from the xiith book of Theod. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">de Incarnatione</span></span>) the +Greek of the passage [vi. 308]. From this source, Migne [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Patr. Gr.</span></span> vol. +66, col. 988] seems to have obtained his quotation.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1075" name="note_1075" href="#noteref_1075">1075.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Either as given by Mai, or as represented in the Latin translation of +Leontius (obtained from a different codex) by Canisius [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Antiquæ Lectt.</span></span>, +1601, vol. iv.], from whose work Gallandius simply reprinted it in 1788.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1076" name="note_1076" href="#noteref_1076">1076.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Theodori Mops. Fragmenta Syriaca, vertit</span></span> Ed. Sachau, Lips. 1869,—p. 53.—I +am indebted for much zealous help in respect of these Syriac +quotations to the Rev. Thomas Randell of Oxford,—who, I venture to +predict, will some day make his mark in these studies.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1077" name="note_1077" href="#noteref_1077">1077.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Ibid.</span></span> p. 64. The context of the place (which is derived from Lagarde's +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Analecta Syriaca</span></span>, p. 102, top,) is as follows: <span class="tei tei-q">“Deitas enim inhabitans +hæc omnia gubernare incepit. Et in hac re etiam gratia Spiritus Sancti +adjuvabat ad hunc effectum, ut beatus quoque Apostolus dixit: <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Vere +grande ... in spiritu</span></em>;’</span> quoniam nos quoque auxilium Spiritûs accepturi +sumus ad perfectionem justitiæ.”</span> A further reference to 1 Tim. iii. 16 at +page 69, does not help us.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1078" name="note_1078" href="#noteref_1078">1078.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">I owe this, and more help than I can express in a foot-note, to my +learned friend the Rev. Henry Deane, of S. John's.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1079" name="note_1079" href="#noteref_1079">1079.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Pages <a href="#Pg437" class="tei tei-ref">437-43</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1080" name="note_1080" href="#noteref_1080">1080.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref">444</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1081" name="note_1081" href="#noteref_1081">1081.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg446" class="tei tei-ref">446-8</a>; also the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1082" name="note_1082" href="#noteref_1082">1082.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See pp. <a href="#Pg426" class="tei tei-ref">426-8</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1083" name="note_1083" href="#noteref_1083">1083.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See pp. <a href="#Pg480" class="tei tei-ref">480-2</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1084" name="note_1084" href="#noteref_1084">1084.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">N. T. 1806 ii. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ad calcem</span></span>, p. [25].</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1085" name="note_1085" href="#noteref_1085">1085.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 76.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1086" name="note_1086" href="#noteref_1086">1086.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg376" class="tei tei-ref">376-8</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1087" name="note_1087" href="#noteref_1087">1087.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. from p. <a href="#Pg431" class="tei tei-ref">431</a> to p. 478.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1088" name="note_1088" href="#noteref_1088">1088.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg462" class="tei tei-ref">462-4</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1089" name="note_1089" href="#noteref_1089">1089.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Acts iii. 12; 1 Tim. iv. 7, 8; vi. 3, 5, 6; 2 Tim. iii. 5; Tit. i. 1; +2 Pet. i. 3, 6, 7; iii. 11.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1090" name="note_1090" href="#noteref_1090">1090.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">From the friend whose help is acknowledged at foot of pp. <a href="#Pg450" class="tei tei-ref">450</a>, <a href="#Pg481" class="tei tei-ref">481</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1091" name="note_1091" href="#noteref_1091">1091.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Scholz enumerates 8 of these copies: Coxe, 15. But there must +exist a vast many more; as, at M. Athos, in the convent of S. Catharine, +at Meteora, &c., &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1092" name="note_1092" href="#noteref_1092">1092.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">In explanation of this statement, the reader is invited to refer to the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span> at the end of the present volume. [Since the foregoing words +have been in print I have obtained from Rome tidings of about 34 more +copies of S. Paul's Epistles; raising the present total to 336. The +known copies of the book called <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>”</span> now amount to 127.]</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1093" name="note_1093" href="#noteref_1093">1093.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 61 (see Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>, 3rd ed. p. 251): and +Paul 181 (see above, at pp. <a href="#Pg444" class="tei tei-ref">444-5</a>).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1094" name="note_1094" href="#noteref_1094">1094.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 248, at Strasburg.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1095" name="note_1095" href="#noteref_1095">1095.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 8 (see Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>): 15 (which is not in +the University library at Louvain): 50 and 51 (in Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>): +209 and 210 (which, I find on repeated enquiry, are no longer +preserved in the Collegio Romano; nor, since the suppression of the +Jesuits, is any one able to tell what has become of them).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1096" name="note_1096" href="#noteref_1096">1096.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 42: 53: 54: 58 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vat.</span></span> 165,—from Sig. Cozza-Luzi): 60: +64: 66: 76: 82: 89: 118: 119: 124: 127: 146: 147: 148: 152: 160: +161: 162: 163: 172: 187: 191: 202: 214: 225 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milan</span></span> N. 272 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sup.</span></span>,—from +Dr. Ceriani): 259: 263: 271: 275: 284 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Modena</span></span> II. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>. 13,—from +Sig. Cappilli [Acts, 195—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">see Appendix</span></span>]): 286 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milan</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">e.</span></span> 2 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span>—from +Dr. Ceriani [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">see Appendix</span></span>]): 287 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Milan</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> 241 <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">inf.</span></span>—from Dr. Ceriani +[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">see Appendix</span></span>]): 293 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Crypta Ferrata</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.</span></span> β. vi.—from the Hieromonachus +A. Rocchi [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">see Appendix</span></span>]): 302 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Berlin, MS. Græc.</span></span> 8vo. No. 9.—from +Dr. C. de Boor [<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">see Appendix</span></span>]).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1097" name="note_1097" href="#noteref_1097">1097.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 254 (restored to CP., see Scrivener's <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Introduction</span></span>): +and Paul 261 (Muralt's 8: Petrop. xi. 1. 2. 330).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1098" name="note_1098" href="#noteref_1098">1098.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">I found the reading of 150 copies of S. Paul's Epistles at 1 Tim. +iii. 16, ascertained ready to my hand,—chiefly the result of the labours +of Mill, Kuster, Walker, Berriman, Birch, Matthæi, Scholz, Reiche, +and Scrivener. The following 102 I am enabled to contribute to the +number,—thanks to the many friendly helpers whose names follow:— +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +In the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Vatican</span></span> (Abbate Cozza-Luzi, keeper of the library, whose +friendly forwardness and enlightened zeal I cannot sufficiently acknowledge. +See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>) No. 185, 186, 196, 204, 207, 294, 295, +296, 297.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Propaganda</span></span> (Dr. Beyer) No. 92.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Crypta Ferrata</span></span> (the +Hieromonachus A. Rocchi. See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>,) No. 290, 291, 292.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Venice</span></span> +(Sig. Veludo) No. 215.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Milan</span></span> (Dr. Ceriani, the most learned +and helpful of friends,) No. 173, 174, 175, 176, 223, 288, 289.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Ferrara</span></span>, +(Sig. Gennari) No. 222.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Modena</span></span> (Sig. Cappilli) No. 285.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Bologna</span></span> +(Sig. Gardiani) No. 105.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Turin</span></span> (Sig. Gorresio) No. 165, 168.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Florence</span></span> +(Dr. Anziani) No. 182, 226, 239.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Messina</span></span> (Papas Filippo Matranga. +See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>,) No. 216, 283.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Palermo</span></span> (Sig. Penerino) No. 217.—The +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Escurial</span></span> (S. Herbert Capper, Esq., of the British Legation. He +executed a difficult task with rare ability, at the instance of his Excellency, +Sir Robert Morier, who is requested to accept this expression of my +thanks,) No. 228, 229.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Paris</span></span> (M. Wescher, who is as obliging as he is +learned in this department,) No. 16, 65, 136, 142, 150, 151, 154, 155, 156, +157, 164.—(L'Abbé Martin. See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Appendix</span></span>) No. 282. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Arsenal</span></span> +(M. Thierry) No. 130.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">S. Genevieve</span></span> (M. Denis) No. 247.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Poictiers</span></span> +(M. Dartige) No. 276.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Berlin</span></span> (Dr. C. de Boor) No. 220, 298, 299, +300, 301.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dresden</span></span> (Dr. Forstemann) No. 237.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Munich</span></span> (Dr. Laubmann) +No. 55, 125, 126, 128.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Gottingen</span></span> (Dr. Lagarde) No. 243.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Wolfenbuttel</span></span> +(Dr. von Heinemann) No. 74, 241.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Basle</span></span> (Mons. +Sieber) No. 7.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Upsala</span></span> (Dr. Belsheim) No. 273, 274.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lincoping</span></span> (the +same) No. 272.—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Zurich</span></span> (Dr. Escher) No. 56.—Prebendary Scrivener +verified for me Paul 252: 253: 255: 256: 257: 258: 260: 264: 265: +277.—Rev. T. Randell, has verified No. 13.—Alex. Peckover, Esq., +No. 278.—Personally, I have inspected No. 24: 34: 62: 63: 224: 227: +234: 235: 236: 240: 242: 249: 250: 251: 262: 266: 267: 268: +269: 270: 279: 280: 281.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1099" name="note_1099" href="#noteref_1099">1099.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 37 (the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Codex Leicest.</span></span>, 69 of the Gospels):—Paul 85 (Vat. +1136), observed by Abbate Cozza-Luzi:—Paul 93 (Naples 1. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">b.</span></span> 12) +which is 83 of the Acts,—noticed by Birch:—Paul 175 (Ambros. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">f.</span></span> 125 +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sup.</span></span>) at Milan; as I learn from Dr. Ceriani. See above, p. <a href="#Pg456" class="tei tei-ref">456</a> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">note</span></span> 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1100" name="note_1100" href="#noteref_1100">1100.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. Paul 282,—concerning which, see above, p. <a href="#Pg474" class="tei tei-ref">474</a>, note 1.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1101" name="note_1101" href="#noteref_1101">1101.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The present locality of this codex (Evan. 421 = Acts 176 = Paul 218) +is unknown. The only Greek codices in the public library of the +<span class="tei tei-q">“Seminario”</span> at Syracuse are an <span class="tei tei-q">“Evst.”</span> and an <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost.”</span> (which I number +respectively 362 and 113). My authority for Θεός in Paul 218, is Birch +[<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Proleg.</span></span> p. xcviii.], to whom Munter communicated his collations.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1102" name="note_1102" href="#noteref_1102">1102.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">For the ensuing codices, see the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1103" name="note_1103" href="#noteref_1103">1103.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Vat. 2068 (Basil. 107),—which I number <span class="tei tei-q">“Apost. 115”</span> (see <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Appendix</span></span>.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1104" name="note_1104" href="#noteref_1104">1104.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Viz. by 4 uncials (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">k</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">l</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">p</span></span>), + (247 Paul + 31 Apost. = ) 278 cursive +manuscripts reading Θεός: + 4 (Paul) reading ὁ Θεός: + 2 (1 Paul, 1 Apost.) +reading ὅς Θεός: + 1 (Apost.) reading Θῢ = 289. (See above, pp. <a href="#Pg473" class="tei tei-ref">473-4</a>: 478.)</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1105" name="note_1105" href="#noteref_1105">1105.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Harkleian (see pp. <a href="#Pg450" class="tei tei-ref">450</a>, <a href="#Pg489" class="tei tei-ref">489</a>): the Georgian, and the Slavonic +(p. <a href="#Pg454" class="tei tei-ref">454</a>).</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1106" name="note_1106" href="#noteref_1106">1106.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg487" class="tei tei-ref">487-490</a>,—which is the summary of what will be +found more largely delivered from page <a href="#Pg455" class="tei tei-ref">455</a> to page 476.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1107" name="note_1107" href="#noteref_1107">1107.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg448" class="tei tei-ref">448-453</a>: also p. <a href="#Pg479" class="tei tei-ref">479</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1108" name="note_1108" href="#noteref_1108">1108.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg479" class="tei tei-ref">479-480</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1109" name="note_1109" href="#noteref_1109">1109.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg452" class="tei tei-ref">452-3</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1110" name="note_1110" href="#noteref_1110">1110.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg482" class="tei tei-ref">482</a>, <a href="#Pg483" class="tei tei-ref">483</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1111" name="note_1111" href="#noteref_1111">1111.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, page <a href="#Pg436" class="tei tei-ref">436</a>, and middle of page <a href="#Pg439" class="tei tei-ref">439</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1112" name="note_1112" href="#noteref_1112">1112.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See his long and singular note.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1113" name="note_1113" href="#noteref_1113">1113.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Fresh Revision</span></span>, p. 27.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1114" name="note_1114" href="#noteref_1114">1114.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Printed Text</span></span>, p. 231.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1115" name="note_1115" href="#noteref_1115">1115.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 226.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1116" name="note_1116" href="#noteref_1116">1116.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Forte</span></span> μυστήριον; ὁ <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="text-decoration: underline">χς</span></span> ἐθανατώθη ἐν σαρκί ... ἐν πνεύματι, ὤφθη +ἀποστόλοις.”</span>—Bentleii <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Critica Sacra</span></span>, p. 67.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1117" name="note_1117" href="#noteref_1117">1117.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Developed Criticism</span></span>, p. 160.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1118" name="note_1118" href="#noteref_1118">1118.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Thus Augustine (viii. 828 f.) paraphrases,—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">In carne manifestatus +est</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Filius Dei</span></span>.”</span>—And Marius Victorinus, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 390 (ap. Galland. viii. +161),—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">Hoc enim est magnum sacramentum, quod</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">exanimavit semet +ipsum cum esset in</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dei</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">formá:</span></span>”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">fuit ergo antequam esset in carne, sed +manifestatum dixit in carne</span></span>.”</span>—And Fulgentius, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 513, thus expands +the text (ap. Galland. xi. 232):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">quia scilicet Verbum quod in principio +erat, et apud</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deum</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">erat, et</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">erat, id est</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dei</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">unigenitus Filius</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Dei</span></span> +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">virtus et sapientia, per quem et in quo facta sunt omnia, ... idem</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span> +<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">unigenitus</span></span>,”</span> &c. &c.—And Ferrandus, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">a.d.</span></span> 356 (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ibid.</span></span> p. 356):—<span class="tei tei-q">“<span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">ita pro +redemtione humani generis humanam naturam credimus suscepisse, ut ille +qui Trinitate perfecta</span></span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Deus</span></span> <span lang="la" class="tei tei-foreign" xml:lang="la"><span style="font-style: italic">unigenitus permanebat ac permanet, ipse ex +Maria fieret primogenitus in multis fratribus</span></span>,”</span> &c.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1119" name="note_1119" href="#noteref_1119">1119.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">MS. note in his interleaved copy of the N. T.</span></span> He adds, <span class="tei tei-q">“Hæc +addenda posui Notis ad S. Hippolytum contra Noetum p. 93, vol. i. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Scriptor. +Ecclesiast. Opusculorum.</span></span>”</span></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1120" name="note_1120" href="#noteref_1120">1120.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Page 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1121" name="note_1121" href="#noteref_1121">1121.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 29.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1122" name="note_1122" href="#noteref_1122">1122.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1123" name="note_1123" href="#noteref_1123">1123.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Address</span></span>, on the Revised Version, p. 10.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1124" name="note_1124" href="#noteref_1124">1124.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg037" class="tei tei-ref">37</a> to 39.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1125" name="note_1125" href="#noteref_1125">1125.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott's pamphlet, p. 34.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1126" name="note_1126" href="#noteref_1126">1126.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">P. 231.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1127" name="note_1127" href="#noteref_1127">1127.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Fifth Rule of the Committee.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1128" name="note_1128" href="#noteref_1128">1128.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bp. Ellicott's pamphlet, p. 30.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1129" name="note_1129" href="#noteref_1129">1129.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">No fair person will mistake the spirit in which the next ensuing +paragraphs (in the Text) are written. But I will add what shall effectually +protect me from being misunderstood. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Against the respectability and personal worth of any member of the +Revisionist body, let me not be supposed to breathe a syllable. All, +(for aught I know to the contrary,) may be men of ability and attainment, +as well as of high moral excellence. I will add that, in early life, I +numbered several professing Unitarians among my friends. It were base +in me to forget how wondrous kind I found them: how much I loved +them: how fondly I cherish their memory. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Further. That in order to come at the truth of Scripture, we are +bound to seek help at the hands of <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></em> who are able to render help,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> +ever doubted? If a worshipper of the false prophet,—if a devotee of +Buddha,—could contribute anything,—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">who</span></em> would hesitate to sue to him +for enlightenment? As for Abraham's descendants,—they are our very +brethren. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +But it is quite a different thing when Revisionists appointed by the +Convocation of the Southern Province, co-opt Separatists and even +Unitarians into their body, where they shall determine the sense of +Scripture and vote upon its translation on equal terms. Surely, when the +Lower House of Convocation accepted the 5th <span class="tei tei-q">“Resolution”</span> of the Upper +House,—viz., that the Revising body <span class="tei tei-q">“shall be at liberty to invite the +co-operation of any eminent for scholarship, to whatever nation or religious +body they may belong;”</span>—the Synod of Canterbury did not suppose that +it was pledging itself to sanction <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">such</span></em> <span class="tei tei-q">“co-operation”</span> as is implied by +actual <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">co-optation</span></em>! +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +It should be added that Bp. Wilberforce, (the actual framer of the +5th fundamental Resolution,) has himself informed us that <span class="tei tei-q">“in framing +it, it never occurred to him that it would apply to the admission of any +member of the Socinian body.”</span> <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicle of Convocation</span></span> (Feb. 1871,) +p. 4. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am aware,”</span> (says our learned and pious bishop of Lincoln,) <span class="tei tei-q">“that the +ancient Church did not scruple to avail herself of the translation of a +renegade Jew, like Aquila; and of Ebionitish heretics, like Symmachus +and Theodotion; and that St. Augustine profited by the expository rules of +Tychonius the Donatist. But I very much doubt whether the ancient +Church would have looked for a large outpouring of a blessing from <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">God</span></span> +on a work of translating His Word, where the workmen were not all +joined together in a spirit of Christian unity, and in the profession of the +true Faith; and in which the opinions of the several translators were to +be counted and not weighed; and where everything was to be decided +by numerical majorities; and where the votes of an Arius or a Nestorius +were to be reckoned as of equal value with those of an Athanasius or +a Cyril.”</span> (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Address on the Revised Version</span></span>, 1881, pp. 38.)</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1130" name="note_1130" href="#noteref_1130">1130.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">The Bible and Popular Theology</span></span>, by G. Vance Smith, 1871.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1131" name="note_1131" href="#noteref_1131">1131.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">An Unitarian Reviser of our Authorized Version, intolerable: an +earnest Remonstrance and Petition</span></span>,—addressed to yourself by your +present correspondent:—Oxford, Parker, 1872, pp. 8.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1132" name="note_1132" href="#noteref_1132">1132.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See letter of <span class="tei tei-q">“One of the Revisionists, G. V. S.”</span> in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">the Times</span></span> of +July 11, 1870.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1133" name="note_1133" href="#noteref_1133">1133.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Protest against the Communion of an Unitarian in Westminster +Abbey on June</span></span> 22nd, 1870:—Oxford, 1870, pp. 64.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1134" name="note_1134" href="#noteref_1134">1134.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">See the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Chronicle of Convocation</span></span> (Feb. 1871), pp. 3-28,—when a +Resolution was moved and carried by the Bp. (Wilberforce) of Winchester,—<span class="tei tei-q">“That +it is the judgment of this House that no person who denies the +Godhead of our <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord Jesus Christ</span></span> ought to be invited to join either +company to which is committed the Revision of the Authorized +Version of Holy Scripture: and that it is further the judgment of this +House that any such person now on either Company should cease to +act therewith.</span> +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And that this Resolution be communicated to the Lower House, +and their concurrence requested:”</span>—which was done. See p. 143.</p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1135" name="note_1135" href="#noteref_1135">1135.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Reader is invited to refer back to pp. <a href="#Pg132" class="tei tei-ref">132-135</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1136" name="note_1136" href="#noteref_1136">1136.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">The Reader is requested to refer back to pp. <a href="#Pg210" class="tei tei-ref">210-214</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1137" name="note_1137" href="#noteref_1137">1137.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Mark x. 21.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1138" name="note_1138" href="#noteref_1138">1138.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xxii. 64.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1139" name="note_1139" href="#noteref_1139">1139.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xxiii. 38.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1140" name="note_1140" href="#noteref_1140">1140.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">S. Luke xxiv. 42.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1141" name="note_1141" href="#noteref_1141">1141.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Εἰπεῖν is <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">to command</span></em>”</span> in S. Matth. (and S. Luke) iv. 3: in S. Mark +v. 43: viii. 7, and in many other places. On the other hand, the Revisers +have thrust <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">command</span></em>”</span> into S. Matth. xx. 21, where <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">grant</span></em>”</span> had far +better have been let alone: and have overlooked other places (as S. Matth. +xxii. 24, S. James ii. 11), where <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">command</span></em>”</span> might perhaps have been +introduced with advantage. (I nothing doubt that when the Centurion of +Capernaum said to our Lord μόνον εἰπὲ λόγῳ [Mtt. viii. 8 = Lu. vii. 7], +he entreated Him <span class="tei tei-q">“only to give <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">the word of command</span></em>.”</span>) +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +We all see, of course, that it was because Δός is rendered <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">grant</span></em>”</span> in +the (very nearly) parallel place to S. Matth. xx. 21 (viz. S. Mark x. 37), +that the Revisers thought it incumbent on them to represent Εἰπέ in the +earlier Gospel differently; and so they bethought themselves of <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">command</span></em>.”</span> +(Infelicitously enough, as I humbly think. <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">Promise</span></em>”</span> would +evidently have been a preferable substitute: the word in the original +(εἰπεῖν) being one of that large family of Greek verbs which vary their +shade of signification according to their context.) But it is plainly +impracticable to <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">level up</span></em> after this rigid fashion,—to translate in this +mechanical way. Far more is lost than is gained by this straining after +an impossible closeness of rendering. The spirit becomes inevitably +sacrificed to the letter. All this has been largely remarked upon above, at +pp. <a href="#Pg187" class="tei tei-ref">187-206</a>. +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +Take the case before us in illustration. S. James and S. John with +their Mother, have evidently agreed together to <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">ask a favour</span></em>”</span> of their +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Lord</span></span> (cf. Mtt. xx. 20, Mk. x. 35). The Mother begins Εἰπέ,—the sons +begin, Δός. Why are we to assume that the request is made by the +Mother in <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">a different spirit</span></em> from the sons? Why are we to impose upon +her language the imperious sentiment which the very mention of +<span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">command</span></em>”</span> unavoidably suggests to an English ear? +</p> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"> +A prior, and yet more fatal objection, remains in full force. The +Revisers, (I say it for the last time,) were clearly going beyond their +prescribed duty when they set about handling the Authorized Version +after this merciless fashion. Their business was to correct <span class="tei tei-q">“<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">plain and +clear errors</span></em>,”</span>—<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></em> to produce a <span class="tei tei-q">“New English Version.”</span></p></dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1142" name="note_1142" href="#noteref_1142">1142.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Take the following as a sample, which is one of the Author's proofs +that the <span class="tei tei-q">“Results of the Revision”</span> are <span class="tei tei-q">“unfavourable to Orthodoxy:”</span>—<span class="tei tei-q">“The +only instance in the N. T. in which the religious worship or +adoration of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Christ</span></span> was apparently implied, has been <em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">altered</span></em> by the +Revision: <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">At</span></em> the name of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus</span></span> every knee shall bow,’</span> [Philipp. ii. 10] +is now to be read <span class="tei tei-q">‘<em class="tei tei-emph"><span style="font-style: italic">in</span></em> the name.’</span> Moreover, no alteration of text or +of translation will be found anywhere to make up for this loss; as indeed +it is well understood that the N. T. contains neither precept nor example +which really sanctions the religious worship of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Jesus Christ</span></span>.”</span>—<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Texts and +Margins</span></span>,—p. 47.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1143" name="note_1143" href="#noteref_1143">1143.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Supra</span></span>, p. <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424</a> to p. 501.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1144" name="note_1144" href="#noteref_1144">1144.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg272" class="tei tei-ref">272-275</a>, pp. <a href="#Pg278" class="tei tei-ref">278-281</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1145" name="note_1145" href="#noteref_1145">1145.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg275" class="tei tei-ref">275</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1146" name="note_1146" href="#noteref_1146">1146.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg276" class="tei tei-ref">276-7</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1147" name="note_1147" href="#noteref_1147">1147.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg303" class="tei tei-ref">303-305</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1148" name="note_1148" href="#noteref_1148">1148.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, p. <a href="#Pg304" class="tei tei-ref">304</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1149" name="note_1149" href="#noteref_1149">1149.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg339" class="tei tei-ref">339-42</a>; also pp. <a href="#Pg422" class="tei tei-ref">422</a>, <a href="#Pg423" class="tei tei-ref">423</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1150" name="note_1150" href="#noteref_1150">1150.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg391" class="tei tei-ref">391-7</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1151" name="note_1151" href="#noteref_1151">1151.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg036" class="tei tei-ref">36-40</a>: <a href="#Pg047" class="tei tei-ref">47-9</a>: <a href="#Pg422" class="tei tei-ref">422-4</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1152" name="note_1152" href="#noteref_1152">1152.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg041" class="tei tei-ref">41-7</a>: <a href="#Pg420" class="tei tei-ref">420-2</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1153" name="note_1153" href="#noteref_1153">1153.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">See above, pp. <a href="#Pg098" class="tei tei-ref">98-106</a>: <a href="#Pg424" class="tei tei-ref">424-501</a>.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1154" name="note_1154" href="#noteref_1154">1154.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Evan. 738 belongs to Oriel College, Oxford, [xii.], small 4to. of 130 foll. slightly <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> +Evan. 739, Bodl. Greek Miscell. 323 [xiii.], 8vo. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">membr.</span></span> foll. 183, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mut.</span></span> Brought from Ephesus, +and obtained for the Bodleian in 1883.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1155" name="note_1155" href="#noteref_1155">1155.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Evst. 415 belongs to Lieut. Bate, [xiii.], <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">chart.</span></span> foll. 219, mutilated throughout. He +obtained it in 1878 from a Cyprus villager at Kikos, near Mount Trovodos (<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">i.e.</span></span> Olympus.) It +came from a monastery on the mountain.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1156" name="note_1156" href="#noteref_1156">1156.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Apost. 128 will be found described, for the first time, below, at p. <a href="#Pg528" class="tei tei-ref">528</a>.</dd></dl> + </div> + <hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <div id="pgfooter" class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"><pre class="pre tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em">***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE REVISION REVISED*** +</pre><hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"><a name="rightpageheader23" id="rightpageheader23"></a><a name="pgtoc24" id="pgtoc24"></a><a name="pdf25" id="pdf25"></a><h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Credits</span></h1><table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"><tbody><tr><th class="tei tei-label tei-label-gloss">July 13, 2011 </th></tr><tr><td class="tei tei-item tei-item-gloss"><table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"><tbody><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item">Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1</td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><span class="tei tei-respStmt"> + <span class="tei tei-name"> + Produced by Colin Bell, Daniel J. 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