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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86,
+June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37496]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: This text uses _underscores_ to indicate _italic_
+fonts. Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. Some
+medieval contractions have been tentativley [expanded] in [brackets].
+A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" was added at the
+end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 86. SATURDAY, JUNE 21. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on Books, No. I.: Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay
+      on the Right of Property in Land, by S. W. Singer          489
+
+      Notes on Ireland, No. I.: Freedom from Serpents            490
+
+      Canons and Articles of 1571                                491
+
+      On Two Passages in Dryden, by H. H. Breen                  492
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother--Chaucer
+      and Gray--Shakspeare Family--Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey
+      Tindall--Specimens of Composition--Burke's "mighty Boar
+      of the Forest"                                             492
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Queries on Tennyson                                        493
+
+      Ancient Modes of hanging Bells, by Rev. A. Gatty           493
+
+      Minor Queries:--English Sapphics--Equestrian Statues--Plays
+      in Churches--"The Right Divine of Kings to govern
+      wrong"--Serius, where situated?--Hollander's Austerity,
+      &c.--Brother Jonathan--Authorship of the "Groves of
+      Blarney"--Carnaby--Death of Death's Painter--Book
+      Plates--Querelle d'Allemand--Bassenet of Eaton--Dumore
+      Castle, or the Petrified Fort--Charles Dodd, the
+      Ecclesiastical Historian--Ussher's Works, by
+      Dr. Elrington--Family of Etty the Artist--St. Hibbald      494
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Unde derivatur "Gooseberry
+      Fool?"--Biography of Bishop Hurd--Friday,
+      why considered unlucky--The Lord Mayor a Privy
+      Councillor--Alterius Orbis Papa--Mrs. Elstob--Cardinal
+      Bellarmin                                                  496
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Shakspeare's Use of "Captious" and "Intenible."
+      Shakspeare's "Small Latin"                                 497
+
+      Earth thrown upon the Coffin, by Rev. A. Gatty, &c.        499
+
+      On the Word "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure," by John
+      Taylor                                                     499
+
+      Zacharie Boyd                                              500
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Death, how symbolised--A
+      Kemble Pipe--Flemish Work on the Order of St.
+      Franciscus--Meaning of Tick--Spelling of Britannia,
+      &c.--Fossil Elk of Ireland--"In Time the Bull,"
+      &c.--Baldrock--Epitaph--Prayer of Mary Queen of
+      Scots--Aristophanes on the Modern Stage--The White
+      Rose--Mark for a Dollar--Gillingham--On the Lay of
+      the Last Minstrel, &c.--Lines on Temple--Sewell, Meaning
+      of--Lambert Simnel--Tennyson's "In Memoriam"--The second
+      King of Nineveh who burned his Palace--Legend in Frettenham
+      Church--Natural Daughter of James II.--Clarkson's
+      Richmond--MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps--Meaning
+      of Pilcher--Antiquity of Smoking--Principle of
+      Association--Corpse makes a Right of Way--Chloe--Family
+      of Sir J. Banks--Verse Lyon--Heronsewes--Theory of the
+      Earth's Form--Mythology of the Stars--Topical
+      Memory--Eisell--Four Want Way--Meaning of Carfoix--A
+      regular Mull--William Hone--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Lady
+      Mary Cavendish--Hand giving the Blessing--The Oldenburg
+      Horn--Covey--Davy Jones's Locker--Umbrella--Nao,
+      a Ship--Birth of Spenser, &c.                              501
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     510
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               510
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  511
+
+      Advertisements                                             511
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. I.
+
+_Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of Property in Land._
+
+At the dispersion of the library of the late Sir James Mackintosh,
+striking evidence of his extensive reading appeared. It seems to have
+been his custom to always read with a pencil in his hand, to score the
+remarkable passages, and to make occasional notes; generally at the end
+of the book he indicates the place where, and date when he read it.
+
+One remarkable and not uninteresting example occurs in the following
+volume in my possession:
+
+  "An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, with respect to its
+  foundation in the Law of Nature: its present establishment by the
+  municipal laws of Europe; and the regulations by which it might be
+  rendered more beneficial to the lower ranks of Mankind." London,
+  1782, 8vo.
+
+On the inside of the cover Sir James Mackintosh has written:
+
+  "_Clapham Common_, July 18, 1828.--An ingenious and benevolent,
+  but injudicious book, which is a good example of the difficulty of
+  forming plans for the service of mankind. To the author, an
+  accomplished recluse, a lettered enthusiast of no vulgar talent or
+  character, I owe the cultivation of a sense of the beautiful in
+  poetry and eloquence, for which at the distance of near half a
+  century I feel a lively gratitude. It was written by _William
+  Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Aberdeen. I
+  even now recollect passages of his Translation of the 4th Book of
+  the Eneid.--J. MACKINTOSH."
+
+I have found a corroboration of the estimate above given of this person,
+by another of his countrymen, James Ogilvie (who appears to have been an
+itinerant teacher of oratory in America) in a volume of _Philosophical
+Essays_ published in Philadelphia in 1816. Speaking of a gifted native
+of Scotland of the name of McAllester, settled in the far west, near
+Bard's Town, and lamenting that he should choose to bury his talents in
+obscurity and indolence, the writer says:
+
+  "He came nearer to the character of a scientific sage than any
+  human being the narrator has ever known, with the exception of
+  _William Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Old
+  Aberdeen, Author of a profound original 'Essay on the Right of
+  Property in Land.'"
+
+The book itself is, in some respects at least, well worthy of attention,
+and especially at the present moment, when the subject it embraces
+presses itself upon all men's consideration. On _emigration_, for
+instance, Ogilvie has some anticipatory views: thus he observes with
+truth:
+
+  "To increase the prosperity and the happiness of the greater
+  number, is the primary object of government, and the increase of
+  national happiness must be the increase of national strength. Is
+  it not then the duty, and perhaps also the interest of every
+  legislature in the West of Europe to promote the emigration of its
+  less opulent subjects, until the condition of the lower classes of
+  men at home be rendered nearly as comfortable as the condition of
+  the same classes in the new settlements of North America?"--Pp.
+  50, 51.
+
+Just now, when the Property Tax is to receive the mature consideration
+of the legislature, the following passage, which also anticipates the
+public feeling as expressed lately by an influential part of the press,
+deserves to be cited:
+
+  "Without regard to the original value of the soil, the gross
+  amount of property in land is the fittest subject of taxation; and
+  could it be made to support the whole expense of the public, great
+  advantages would arise to all orders of men. What then, may it be
+  said, would not, in that case, the proprietors of stock in trade,
+  in manufactures, and arts, escape taxation, that is, the
+  proprietors of one half of the national income? They would indeed
+  be so exempted; and very justly, and very profitably for the
+  state; for _it accords with the best interests of the community
+  through successive generations, that_ ACTIVE PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRY
+  SHOULD BE EXEMPTED, IF POSSIBLE, FROM EVERY PUBLIC BURTHEN, _and
+  that the whole weight should be laid on that quiescent stock,
+  which has been formerly accumulated, as the reward of an industry
+  which is now no longer exerted_."--P. 207.
+
+In another work on political economy, Sir James has also recorded his
+opinion, and indicated some passages, which have been copied by Godwin.
+The work is: _Doutes Proposés aux Philosophes Economistes sur l'Ordre
+Naturel et Essentiel des Sociétés Politiques, par M. l'Abbé de Mably_: à
+la Haye, 1768, 8vo.
+
+  "This book is a greater mixture of sense and nonsense than any
+  other I ever read. What he says against the _Political_ jargon of
+  the Economists, their evidence and their _despotisme légal_, is
+  perfectly well reasoned. His own system of ascribing all evils to
+  the Institution _of Separate Property_ is too absurd for any
+  serious discussion."
+
+It is pleasant to have these recorded opinions of such a man as
+Mackintosh on books the subjects of which he had deeply meditated.
+Indeed, to me there is a great charm in such private memoranda of a
+distinguished and able man, giving the passing impression on his mind in
+the course of his reading.
+
+    S. W. SINGER.
+
+  Mickleham, June 7. 1851.
+
+
+NOTES ON IRELAND, NO. I.
+
+_Notes on Ireland's Freedom from Serpents._
+
+That Ireland was infested with venomous reptiles before St. Patrick's
+time, that he banished them, "_and that serpents cannot survive in
+Ireland_," is a well-known tradition, and one universally received
+amongst the native Irish. In Christian symbolism it was usual to
+designate sin or Paganism by a serpent or dragon, and saints who
+converted heathen nations, or subdued the evil promptings of their own
+nature, were represented with a serpent or dragon beneath their feet.
+Thus, St. Patrick, by preaching the doctrine of the Cross, and uprooting
+Paganism, may be said to have banished venomous serpents from Ireland.
+In his case, however, the symbol may have had a deeper meaning, if, as
+many (and with great probability) think, _serpent worship_ formed part
+of that Oriental heathenism which obtained in early times in Ireland.
+
+Dr. Geoffry Keating, in his _History of Ireland_ (in the Irish
+language), which he completed about the year 1625, says: "Saoilim gurab
+do an _deamhnaibk_ gairmithear _naithreacha nimke_ i m-beathaidh
+Patraic" ("I think that by the serpents spoken of in the life of St.
+Patrick were meant _demons_"). _Serpents_ figure among the carvings and
+hieroglyphical ornaments on some of the remnants of Irish antiquity
+which still puzzle our antiquaries. On Cruach Padruig, in Mayo, there is
+a sort of tarn which still bears the name of Loch na Pheiste, or the
+Serpent's Lake; and one of "the Two Lakes," whence Gleandaloch derives
+its name, has the same appellation.
+
+Solinus, who flourished at the close of the second century, notices, I
+believe, the strange fact of Ireland's having an immunity from reptiles;
+Isidore and Bede, in the seventh and eighth centuries, respectively
+repeat the assertion. Donatus, Bishop of Fesulæ, who flourished about
+the middle of the ninth century, says, in a Latin poem on his native
+country:
+
+      "Nulla venena nocent; nec Serpens serpit in herbâ;
+      Nec conquesta canit garrula Rana lacu
+      In qua Scotorum gentes habitare merentur;
+      Inclyta gens hominum, milite, pace, fide."
+
+"Rana." A note on this word in Montgomery's _Poetry of Ireland_
+declares:
+
+  "However fabulous this may appear, it is certain that _Frogs_ were
+  formerly unknown in this country: _they were first propagated here
+  from spawn introduced as an experiment by a Fellow of Trinity
+  College, Dublin, in 1696_."
+
+Joceline of Furnes, Sir James Ware, Fynes Moryson, and several others,
+notice the absence of serpents in Ireland.
+
+A Belfast correspondent to the _Dublin Penny Journal_, June, 1834,
+mentions some cases of _introducing reptiles_ into Ireland:
+
+  "About 1797, a gentleman is said to have imported from England
+  into Wexford, a number of vipers:"
+
+they died immediately after. He continues:--
+
+  "We are sorry to record that the virtues of the good old times
+  have passed away, _as snakes are at this moment_ (June, 1834)
+  _free denizens of the County of Down, and gambolling in its
+  shrubberies and plantings_."
+
+The particulars are as follows:
+
+  "In the summer of 1831, a gentleman, by way of experiment to
+  ascertain whether snakes would survive in Ireland, brought from
+  Scotland a few pair of what are usually called the common snake
+  (_Coluber natrix_). These he put into a plantation at Milecross,
+  near Newtownards, where they soon from their number gave evidence
+  of becoming as fruitful as if they had been placed in South
+  Carolina."
+
+I have not heard how long the snakes continued at Milecross, but I
+believe they are not there now. The Marquis of W----d, I have heard, in
+a similar freak, endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to propagate snakes on
+his property.
+
+The usual Irish word for _serpent_ is _nathair_; Welsh, _gnadr_; German,
+_natter_; Anglo-Saxon, _nædre_; Latin, _natrix_; English, _adder_. The
+epithet _nimhe_, poison, is often added, and a compound word made,
+_nathair-neimhe_.
+
+_Peist_, a word I have before alluded to, is analogous with the Latin
+_best-ia_, and means a _worm_, a _beast_, as well as a _serpent_.
+
+    EIRIONNACH.
+
+
+CANONS AND ARTICLES OF 1571.
+
+Dearest Sir,
+
+Yours of the 4th I showed to Mr. Baker, who desires me to tell you, that
+the Canons of 1571, with the subscriptions, are (as the Articles) in
+paper bound up in the same volume of the _Synodalia_, and stand there
+next to the "Articles of 1571" subscribed by the Archbishop and ten
+Bishops.
+
+I agree with you that the MS. of 1562 was designed to be subscribed
+without alterations; but your reasons do not satisfy me that the
+alterations were posterior to the subscription, for notwithstanding the
+alterations it appeared very plain to the subscribers what they
+subscribed to, and there needed no memorandum to them that the lines of
+minium were designed to exclude all that was scored; and the care that
+was taken to alter the account of the number of lines and Articles of
+the several pages conformably to the alterations made by the lines of
+minium was wholly unnecessary, and to no purpose, except the
+subscriptions were to follow, in the middle of which the subscribers own
+the exact number of Articles and lines in every page, and therefore this
+care was necessary that their subscription might be true; but supposing
+they subscribed before the alterations, the lines of minium were
+sufficient to show what alterations were to be made in the new copy of
+the Articles, and not the least occasion for adjusting the number of
+Articles and lines at the end to the foregoing pages. But both these are
+but conjectures on your and my part, and the main point does not depend
+upon them, which is in my opinion, whether this MS. could be designed
+for the _Publick Record_, and that it was not I think the want of such a
+memorandum as you speak of, as well as the Archbishop leaving it to C.
+C. C. as his own property, is a sufficient evidence: though I must
+confess I am apt to think the postscript in the _Publick Record_ (which
+I take to be printed from the record in Renald Wolfe's edition of 1563
+referred to by your adversary) refers to this MS., and the subscriptions
+to it of both houses.
+
+Mr. Baker nor I had Gibson's _Synod. Anglicana_; but this morning I got
+a sight of it from the booksellers, and have sent it to Mr. Baker, who I
+hope will make a better use of it than I am able to do; the passage you
+refer to favours an opinion that I have had, that the subscriptions were
+left in the keeping of the President of the Convocation, the Archbishop
+or Bishop of London; but that a _Publick Record_ (different from that
+with the subscriptions, and left with the President) was engrossed in
+parchment, and preserved in its proper place, the Registry of the
+Convocation; and thus that which Archbishop Laud found at Lambeth might
+be left there.
+
+I cannot tell exactly the number of blank pages (whether three or more)
+between the subscription of the Bishops and of the Lower House in 1562.
+Both Mr. Baker and I omitted to take so much notice of it; but we both
+remember that there might be room in the MS. for the clause in the
+beginning of the twentieth Article, partly in the space between the
+nineteenth and the twentieth Article, and partly in the margin; or in
+the margin there might be room enough for the whole clause.
+
+Rogers' first edition was 1579, under this title: "The English Creed,
+wherein is contained in tables an Exposition on the Articles, which
+every one is to subscribe unto. Where the Article is expounded by
+Scriptures and Confessions of all the Reformed Churches and Heresies
+displayed, by Thomas Rogers. Printed for Andrew Mansell, 1579, in fol."
+This title I transcribe from Andrew Mansell's printed Catalogue of
+Books, published 1595. I mentioned to you another edition in 1585, the
+first part, and 1587, the second part, with a new title and pretty great
+additions; and I think I told you the second part began with the
+twentieth Article. It may seem from thence that his first edition in
+1579 was not upon all the Articles; but I believe it was, and that the
+other edition came not out both parts together, because of the
+additions. I am sorry you find it not among Mr. Anstey's books, nor can
+I find it here. With my humble service to your good lady, I am, dearest
+sir, your most affectionate humble servant,
+
+    THO. BROWNE.
+
+The letter, of which the above is a transcript, may be interesting to
+some of your readers; I therefore send it you for publication; the name
+of the person to whom it was addressed, and the date, have been torn
+off.
+
+    ϖ.
+
+  [Thomas Browne, the writer of the foregoing letter, was a fellow
+  of St. John's College, Cambridge; but subsequently, with his
+  friend Mr. Baker, became a Nonjuror. The letter appears to have
+  been written to the Rev. Hilkiah Bedford, a Nonjuring clergyman,
+  who was at this time preparing his masterly reply to Anthony
+  Collins' work, _Priestcraft in Perfection_, which was published in
+  1709. Mr. Bedford's work was published anonymously, and is
+  entitled, _A Vindication of the Church of England from the
+  Aspersions of a late Libel entituled "Priestcraft in Perfection,"
+  &c._ By a Priest of the Church of England: London, 1710. The
+  preface has been attributed to Dr. Joseph Trapp. Mr. Bedford has
+  availed himself of the information conveyed to him in the letter
+  given above, especially in pages 32. 35. 42. 78. 84. At page 101.
+  he says, "I shall set down what farther account concerning this
+  ancient MS. I have received in several letters from two persons of
+  great learning and integrity at Cambridge, who have consulted
+  these MSS. of Corpus Christi formerly, and been so obliging to
+  examine them again now for my satisfaction, with all the care and
+  exactness due to a matter of such moment." The _minium_ mentioned
+  by the writer of the letter is the red lead pencil commonly used
+  by Archbishop Parker, for noting particular passages in the
+  documents he perused.]
+
+
+ON TWO PASSAGES IN DRYDEN.
+
+I have met with a notion in Dryden's _Poems_, which reads very like a
+blunder. It occurs in the "Spanish Friar," as follows:--
+
+      "There is a pleasure sure in being mad,
+      Which none but madmen know."
+
+And again in this couplet:
+
+      "And frantic men in their mad actions show
+      A happiness, that none but madmen know;"
+
+There is a description of madness to which all men are more or less
+subject, and which Pascal alludes to in one of his "Pensées:"
+
+  "Les hommes sont si nécessairement fous, que ce serait être fou
+  par un autre tour de folie, que de ne pas être fou:"
+
+or, as Boileau has it in the couplet:
+
+      "Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgré leurs soins,
+      Ne diffèrent, entre eux, que du plus ou du moins."
+
+There is another sort of madness which is described by Terence as
+
+      ---- "cum ratione insanire."
+
+And there is a third species of it, which Dryden himself speaks of in
+the well-known line adopted from Seneca:
+
+      "Great wits are sure to madness near allied."
+
+Now, it is obvious that, in the passages above quoted from Dryden, he
+does not refer to any of these three kinds of madness. As a man, he
+could say in regard to the first:
+
+      "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto."
+
+As a man of the world his whole life was an exemplification of the
+second; for no one knew better than he how to be mad by rule. And as one
+of our greatest wits he was entitled to claim a near alliance to that
+madness which is characteristic of men of genius. It is clear,
+therefore, that, in the lines quoted above, he speaks of that total
+deprivation of reason, which is emphatically described as stark, staring
+madness; and hence the blunder. In point of fact, Dryden either knew the
+pleasure and happiness of which he speaks, as belonging to that sort of
+madness, or he did not know them. If he knew them, then by his own
+showing he was a madman. If he did not know them, how could he affirm
+that none but madmen knew them?
+
+Should my view of this matter be incorrect, I shall be thankful to any
+of your readers who will take the trouble to set me right.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, April 15. 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother._--A highly respectable woman, recently
+living in my service, and who was born and bred in the household of the
+late Duke of Leinster, told me that, when she was a child, she was much
+about the person of "the old Duchess;" and that she had often seen the
+bloody handkerchief that was taken off Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after he
+had been shot at his capture. This relic of her unfortunate son the
+venerable and noble lady always wore stitched inside her dress. The
+peerage states that she was a daughter of the Duke of Richmond, was
+married in 1746-7, and bore seventeen children. As the arrest of Lord
+Edward Fitzgerald was not until 1798, she must have been full seventy
+years old when she thus mourned; reminding one in the sternness of her
+grief of the "Ladye of Branksome."
+
+    A. G.
+
+_Chaucer and Gray._--Of all the oft-quoted lines from Gray's _Elegy_,
+there is not one which is more frequently introduced than the well-known
+
+      "E'en, in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+Now Gray was an antiquary, and there is no doubt too well read in
+Chaucer. Is it too much, therefore, to suggest that he owed this line
+to one in Chaucer's "Reves Prologue:"
+
+      "Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Chaucer the sentiment it embodies is satirical:--
+
+      "For whan we may not don, than wol we speken,
+      Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Gray, on the other hand, it is the moralist who solemnly declares:
+
+      "E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries,
+      E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+But the coincidence cannot surely be accidental.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Shakspeare Family._--In the _Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum
+Cancellariæ Hiberniæ Calendarium_, vol. i. pars i. p. 99 b. is an
+entry, which shows that one Thomas _Shakespere_ and Richard Portyngale
+were appointed Comptrollers of Customs in the port of Youghal, in
+Ireland, in the fifty-first year of Edward III.
+
+    J. F. F.
+
+_Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall_ (Vol. iii., p. 422.).--The epitaph in
+Killyleagh churchyard is not unlike the following inscription on the
+tomb of Umphrey Tindall, D.D., Dean of Ely and President of Queen's
+College, Cambridge, who died Oct 12, 1650, in his sixty-fifth year, and
+is buried in the south aisle of the choir of Ely Cathedral:--
+
+      "In presence, government, good actions, and in birth,
+      Grave, wise, courageous, noble, was this earth;
+      The poor, the Church, the College say, here lies
+      A friend, a Dean, a Master, true, good, wise."
+
+    K. C.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Specimens of Composition._--In the current (June) number of the
+_Eclectic Review_ there is a critique on Gilfillan's _Bards of the
+Bible_, the writer of which indulges in the use of several most
+inelegant, extraordinary, and unpardonable expressions. He speaks of
+"spiritual monoptotes," &c., as if all his readers were as learned as he
+himself professes to be: but the climax of his sorry literary attempt is
+as follows:
+
+  "Over the whole literature of modern times there is a feeling of
+  reduced inspiration, milder possession, relaxed orgasmus,
+  tabescent vitality, spiritual collapse."--P. 725.
+
+What would the author of the _Spectator_ have thought of a writer who
+could unblushingly parade before the literary public such words as
+"relaxed orgasmus," "tabescent vitality," "monoptotes," &c.?
+
+    J. H. KERSHAW.
+
+_Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest."_--It has been much canvassed, what
+induced Burke to call Junius the "mighty boar of the forest." In the
+thirteenth book of the _Iliad_ I found that Idomeneus, when awaiting the
+attack of Æneas, is compared to the "boar of the mountains." I think it
+therefore probable that Burke applied the comparison (quoting, from
+memory) to Junius. Perhaps you will not think this trifle unworthy of a
+place among the "Notes."
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+QUERIES ON TENNYSON.
+
+I should be much obliged to any of your correspondents who would explain
+the following passages of Tennyson:
+
+1. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 361.):
+
+      "God made himself an awful rose of dawn."
+
+2. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 367.):
+
+                        "Behold! it was a crime
+      Of sense avenged by sense that wore with time."
+
+3. _In Memoriam_, p. 127.:
+
+      "Over those ethereal eyes
+      The bar of Michael Angelo."
+
+(Coleridge, _Introduction to Second Lay Sermon_, p. xxvi., says:
+
+  "Whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above
+  the eye-brows, bespoke observation followed by meditative
+  thought:"
+
+but why the allusion to Michael Angelo?)
+
+  [Is our correspondent aware that the "_Bar_ of Michael Angelo" has
+  already formed the subject of a Query from MR. SINGER. See our 2nd
+  Vol., p. 166.]
+
+4. _The Princess_, p. 66.:
+
+      "Dare we dream of that, I ask'd,
+      Which wrought us, as the workman and his work,
+      That practice betters."
+
+"Heir of all the ages." Is this traceable to the following lines of
+Goethe?
+
+      "Mein Vermächtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit!
+      Die Zeit ist mein Vermächtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit!"
+
+Is the poem "The Lord of Burleigh" founded on fact or not? In an old
+review of Tennyson in the _Westminster and Foreign Quarterly_, it is
+stated to refer to the "mesalliance of the Marquis of Westminster;" but
+any such notion is denied in the article on "Ballad Poetry" in the last
+number of that journal.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+
+ANCIENT MODES OF HANGING BELLS.
+
+In the Churchwardens' accounts of Ecclesfield parish, the following
+entries occur:--
+
+      "1527. It. paid to James Frodsam for makyng of iiij bell
+                 collers, xiiijd.
+
+      "----. It. paid to Robert Dawyre mendyng a bell
+                 wheyll, iijd.
+
+      "1530. It. for festnynge a gogon in ye belle
+                 yocke, jd."
+
+The foregoing extracts are quoted with a view to ascertaining at how
+early a period the framework, now employed for suspending bells in
+churches, was in use. It would appear that in 1527 the bell-_wheel_ was
+known, and the bell swung on gudgeons ("gogon"), as it does now; but it
+may be doubted whether it was the same full wheel which we have. In a
+paper on Bells, read before the Bristol and West of England
+Architectural Society, Dec. 10, 1849, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, and
+which has since been published in that Society's Report, I observe that
+two interesting plates of the bell-wheels are given: one being the old
+half-wheel, as still to be seen at Dunchideock in Devonshire; and the
+other the present whole wheel, which Mr. Ellacombe considers was a new
+thing in 1677.
+
+Supposing that only the half-wheel was known in 1725, still the leverage
+which it afforded in raising the bell was the same as is given by its
+modern substitute. What then was the still earlier way of obtaining the
+momentum necessary to peal-ringing? A drawing of an ancient campanile
+turret which I have, exhibits a short piece of wood stuck at right
+angles into the beam to which the bell is fastened; and from the end of
+this, the rope depends, and would, of course, when pulled, easily swing
+the bell on its axle.
+
+Observation in old belfries, or illustrations in old books, would
+possibly throw light upon my Query, which is, What were the modes of
+hanging church bells for ringing, prior to the invention of the
+bell-wheel?
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_English Sapphics._--Can any of your readers furnish a list of the best
+specimens of the English sapphic metre in the English language?--Every
+one is familiar with Canning's _Needy Knife Grinder_, in the poetry of
+the _Anti-Jacobin_, but I do not believe Dr. Watts's beautiful sapphic
+lines are as well known as they deserve. I have not a copy of them by
+me, but I give the first stanza from memory:
+
+      "When the fierce North Wind, with his airy forces,
+      Rears up the Baltic to a foaming fury,
+      And the red lightning, with a storm of hail, comes
+                        Rushing amain down."
+
+    FM.
+
+_Equestrian Statues._--I have heard it remarked that, with the solitary
+exception of the Duke of Wellington, there is no instance of an
+equestrian statue being erected to a subject, in Her Majesty's
+dominions. Is this so?
+
+    FM.
+
+_Plays in Churches._--In Cooke's _Leicestershire_ the following is given
+as an extract from the church register of Syston:
+
+  "1602, paid to Lord Morden's players because they should not play
+  in the church, 12d."
+
+Who was this Lord Morden; and did the chartered players claim the right
+of their predecessors, the "moralitie men," to use the church for their
+representations? Was the 12_d._ given as a bribe to the players to
+induce them to forego their claim, or expended in the hire of a place
+more in accordance with the parish authorities' ideas of propriety?
+
+    EMUN.
+
+"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong._"--Where is this oft-quoted
+line to be found, and who is the author of it? It is marked as a
+quotation in Pope's _Dunciad_, book iv.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+_Serius, where situated?_--In requesting the information upon a point in
+geography with which this note concludes, I shall not, I trust, incur
+censure for introducing it by quoting a few of the lines in which the
+poet Vida conveys to parents his advice upon the choice of a master for
+their sons:
+
+      "Interea moniti vos hic audite, parentes,
+      Quærendus rector de millibus, eque legendus,
+      Sicubi Musarum studiis insignis et arte,
+      Qui curas dulces, carique parentis amorem
+      Induat, atque velit blandum perferre laborem.
+      * * * * *
+      Ille autem, pueri cui credita cura colendi,
+      Artibus egregiis, in primis optet amari,
+      Atque odium cari super omnia vitet alumni."
+
+I cannot pass unnoticed his counsel to masters:
+
+      "Ponite crudeles iras, et flagra, magistri,
+      Foeda ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis.
+      Ne mihi ne, quæso, puerum quis verbera cogat
+      Dura pati; neque enim lacrymas, aut dulcis alumni
+      Ferre queunt Musæ gemitus, ægræque recedunt,
+      Illiusque cadunt animi," &c.
+
+Vida exemplifies the consequences of the furious character and raging
+conduct of a master, in the harsh treatment of his defenceless flock
+(_turba invalida_), in the instance of a lovely boy, who, forgetful of
+fear,
+
+      "Post habuit ludo jussos ediscere versus."
+
+The terror excited by the savage pedagogue throws the poor little fellow
+into a fatal illness:
+
+      "Quo subito terrore puer miserabilis acri
+      Corripitur morbo; parvo is post tempore vitam
+      Crescentem blandâ coeli sub luce reliquit.
+      Illum populifer Padus, illum _Serius_ imis
+      _Seriades_que diu Nymphæ flevere sub undis."
+
+      _Vidæ Poet._, lib, i. 216. &c.
+
+My inquiry is after _Serius Seriades_que Nymphæ. Where is the Serius?
+What is the Italian name for this (I presume) tributary of the Po?
+
+    F. W. F.
+
+_Hollander's Austerity, &c._--Will you, or some one of your readers,
+kindly explain the allusions in the following passage?--
+
+  "Mr. Secretary Winwood is dead, whereby you see _Death expects no
+  Complement_, otherwise he would certainly have _kept it at the
+  Staff's End_, with a kind of _Hollander's austerity_." [Sir Th.
+  Wentworth to Sir H. Wotton, Nov. 8. 1617, _Strafford's Letters and
+  Despatches_, vol. i. p. 5.]
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+_Brother Jonathan._--Why is, and when first was, this fraternal cognomen
+bestowed upon the United States of America? Is it strictly applicable to
+the whole of the Union, or only to those states which were settled and
+peopled by the Puritan fathers?
+
+    HENRY CAMPKIN.
+
+_Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney."_--Can any one inform me when,
+and by whom, the ludicrous ballad, entitled the Groves of Blarney, was
+composed, and where it may be found. Everybody knows the lines which
+describe "Cupid and Venus and old Nicodemus, all standing out in the
+open air."
+
+    E. V.
+
+_Carnaby._--What is the derivation and meaning of this word, as the name
+of a square or street?
+
+    ARUN.
+
+_Death of Death's Painter._--Most persons have heard of the story of an
+Italian painter who embodied the idea of Death on the canvass so
+truthfully, that the contemplation of it caused his own death. I always
+thought it was fabulous, till I met with it in the translation of
+Vasari's _Lives of the Painters_, vol. ii. p. 305., now being published
+in Bohn's _Standard Library_. The name of Fivizzano is there given to
+the painter, and the following epigram is said to have been inscribed
+beneath the picture:--
+
+      "Me veram pictor divinus mente recepit.
+        Admota est operi deinde perita manus.
+      Dumque opere in facto defigit lumina pictor,
+        Intentus nimium, palluit et moritur.
+      Viva igitur sum mors, non mortua mortis imago
+        Si fungor, quo mors fungitur officio."
+
+Which may be thus translated:--
+
+      Me with such truth the painter's mind discerned,
+        While with such skilful hand the work he plied,
+      That when to view his finished work he turned,
+        With horror stricken, he grew pale, and died.
+      Sure I am living Death, not Death's dead shade,
+        That do Death's work, and am like Death obeyed.
+
+Can you refer me to any authority for the story?
+
+    J. C. H.
+
+  Finsbury.
+
+_Book Plates._--I have been some years collecting book plates with a
+view latterly of writing _A History of Book Plates_, if I can find time
+to do so. Several years ago, in a paper which was printed in the _Oxford
+Heraldic Society's Report_, I suggested 1700 as their earliest known
+date. I am glad to have an opportunity of mentioning that paper for the
+sake of saying, that I made some mistakes in it. Mr. Burgon on seeing it
+said, in a following report, that he had seen a book plate dated 1698. I
+have since obtained one or two dated in that year. I am anxious to know
+from any of your readers whether they have seen any English book plate
+dated before 1698. I am inclined to think that foreign book plates are
+to be found of an earlier date. I have some, unfortunately not dated,
+which I think are earlier. There is no doubt, however, that in this
+country at least they did not become general till after that date. If I
+live to publish the little work which I meditate, I will give all the
+information which I can produce on the subject.
+
+    DANIEL PARSONS.
+
+_Querelle d'Allemand._--The phrase, "faire une querelle d'Allemand,"
+means, as your readers are aware, to pick a quarrel with a person for
+the mere pleasure of quarrelling: and the earliest instance of its
+application, that occurs to me, will be found in one of Du Vair's
+essays, where speaking of the virtues of some of his predecessors in the
+office of "chancelier", he says:
+
+  "Après avoir longuement et fidèlement servi la patrie, on leur
+  dresse des querelles d'Allemand, et de fausses accusations pour
+  les bannir des affaires."
+
+Is the origin of this expression connected with any particular
+occurrence in history; or has it arisen from any proneness to quarrel,
+which might be said to be inherent in the national character of the
+Germans?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Bassenet of Eaton._--Edward Bassenet, the first married Dean of St.
+Patrick's, Dublin, and who in the words of Swift, "surrendered the
+deanery to that beast Hen. VIII.," was of a family seated at Eaton, in
+Denbighshire. He had four sons, Richard, William, John, and George; on
+whom he settled the Irish property which he acquired at the surrender,
+and probably what he held at Eaton. (See Mason's _St. Patrick's_, p.
+151.)
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me if this family be still in
+existence, and in possession? or if not, how soon it failed? From the
+notices given by Mason, it seems probable that the eldest son died
+without issue; but even this is not certain, and beyond this I have no
+clue.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort._--Can any of your valued
+contributors trace the origin of this ancient fortress, which is
+situated on a peak of the Grampian Hills, seven miles north-east from
+Crieff, immediately above the romantic glen of Almond, so much spoken of
+in Wordsworth's poems as the burial-place of Ossian. The fort has the
+appearance of a large circus ring, around which are scattered the
+remains of this once remarkable stronghold, and which to every
+appearance have been burned to an extensive degree. Tradition assigns it
+to be the spot in which the Caledonians so nobly defended the further
+progress northward of the Romans; and also that it was the custom in
+those days, for the purpose of making their places of defence more
+secure, to build a double wall, in which all manner of combustibles
+were put, which they kindled, and let burn for the space of a few days.
+Being peculiarly attached to this romantic spot, and anxious to have any
+particulars regarding its history, perhaps you would be so kind as give
+it a corner in your valuable "NOTES AND QUERIES;" whereby it may be the
+means of gaining an answer to my Query.
+
+    JAMES C.
+
+_Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical Historian._--The catalogue of the
+Bodleian Library asserts that this author's real name is Hugh Tootle. I
+should like to know the authority for this statement?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington._--If you, or any of your
+correspondents, can inform me when the remaining volume of the new
+edition of Archbishop Ussher's works by Dr. Elrington, is likely to be
+published, I shall esteem it a favour, as I am unable to learn from the
+booksellers.
+
+    C. PAINE, Jun.
+
+_Family of Etty the Artist._--In the _Diary_ of Ralph Thoresby, F. R.
+S., 1702, vol. i. p. 366., occurs the following passage:--
+
+  "Evening sat up too late with a parcel of artists I had got on my
+  hands; Mr. Gyles, the famousest painter of glass perhaps in the
+  world, and his nephew, Mr. Smith, the bell-founder (from whom I
+  received the ringing or gingling spur, and that most remarkable,
+  with a neck six inches and a half long); Mr. Carpenter the
+  statuary, and Mr. Etty the painter, with whose father, Mr. Etty,
+  senr, the architect, the most celebrated Grinlin Gibbons wrought
+  at York, but whether apprenticed with him or not I remember not
+  well. Sate up full late with them."
+
+Thoresby at this time was at York. Were these Ettys ancestors of the
+late William Etty? In the "Autobiography" published in the _Art
+Journal_, it is stated that his father was a miller at York, but the
+account goes no farther back. It would be interesting to ascertain how
+far this was a case of hereditary genius. Is anything known of the "Etty
+the Painter," and "Etty, Sen., the architect," to whom Thoresby alludes?
+and are any of their works extant?
+
+    G. J. DE WILDE.
+
+_St. Hibbald._--Who was St. Hibbald, and where is some account of him to
+be found? He is reported to have been buried at Hibbaldstowe, near
+Kirton, in Lindsey.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"_--I have heard some wild guesses on
+this subject; the most preposterous, perhaps, being that which would
+connect the term with gooseberry _food_.
+
+Has not the French word _fouler_, "to press," or "squeeze," something to
+do with the matter?
+
+    T. J. T.
+
+  Cheltenham, May 6. 1851.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find ample confirmation of the accuracy of
+  his derivation in Tarver's _Phraseological Dictionary_, where,
+  under _Fouler_, he will find the examples, "_Fouler des pommes, du
+  raisin_, to press, to crush, to squeeze apples, grapes."]
+
+_Biography of Bishop Hurd._--The longest biographical sketch I remember
+to have seen of the late Bishop Hurd, the friend and biographer of
+Bishop Warburton, was in a work called the _Ecclesiastical Register_, or
+some such name, I suppose of the date of 1809 or thereabouts. Can any
+correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" direct me to the precise title and
+date of the work, or point out any better sketch of the Bishop's life?
+
+    F. K.
+
+  [In the collected Works of Bishop Hurd, 8 vols. 8vo., edit. 1811,
+  will be found an autobiographical sketch of the Bishop, entitled
+  "Some Occurrences in my Life," discovered among his papers after
+  his decease. Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
+  Century_, vol. vi. pp. 468-512., contains a long and interesting
+  account of the Bishop. See also the _Annual Register_, vol. 1. p.
+  155.]
+
+_Friday, why considered unlucky._--Can any of your readers tell me why
+Friday is considered an unlucky day?
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  [There is no doubt the belief of Friday being an unlucky day
+  originated in its being the day of the Crucifixion. A very early
+  allusion to this superstition, and which has not we believe been
+  recorded by Brande, will be found in Geoffrey de Vinsauf's "Lament
+  for Richard Coeur de Lion," who was killed on a Friday:
+
+      "O Veneris lacrymosa dies, O sidus amarum!
+      Illa dies tua nox fuit, et Venus illa venenum."
+
+  It is to this passage Chaucer refers in his _Nonnes_ Preeste's
+  Tale, v. 15, 353., _et seq._, when he says:
+
+      "O Gaufride, dere maister soverain,
+      That, whan thy worthy King Richard was slain
+      With shot, complainedest his deth so sore,
+      Why ne had I now thy science and thy lore,
+      The Friday for to chiden, as did ye?
+      For on a Friday sothly slain was he."]
+
+_The Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor._--Can any of your contributors
+inform me whether the prefix "Right Honourable" is accorded to the title
+of the Lord Mayor of London as a mere matter of courtesy, or whether our
+Chief Magistrate is for the time being _ex officio_ a Privy Councillor,
+and consequently "Right Honourable?"
+
+If any authority for either position can be cited, so much the more
+satisfactory.
+
+    LEGALIS.
+
+  [The Lord Mayor is never sworn as a Privy Councillor; but on the
+  demise of the Crown attends the meeting, of the Privy Council held
+  on such occasion, and signs the proclamation of the new Sovereign.
+  On the accession of William IV., some objection was, we believe,
+  made to the admission of the Lord Mayor into the Council Chamber,
+  which was, however, abandoned on an intimation that if the Lord
+  Mayor was not admitted, he would retire, accompanied by his
+  officers and the aldermen who were present.]
+
+_Alterius Orbis Papa._--In the Bishop of Exeter's celebrated _Pastoral
+Letter_, p. 44., the Archbishop of Canterbury is styled--
+
+  "The second spiritual chief of Christendom, _alterius orbis
+  Papa_."
+
+In conversation a few days since I heard these expressions objected to,
+when a gentleman present observed that the title "Alterius orbis Papa"
+was conferred by the Bishop of Rome, or Pope of Christendom, on his
+confrère of Canterbury, at a very early period. His memory did not
+furnish him with the precise date, but he was convinced that such was
+the fact as reported in Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, and seemed
+inclined to refer it to a period not long subsequent to the mission of
+Augustine.
+
+Is such the fact? or, if not, to whom may the words be ascribed?
+
+    A. B.
+
+  Redland, June 5.
+
+  [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p.
+  40., speaking of Wolsey's attempt to gain the popedom, says, "His
+  aim was the chair of St. Peter, and to the attainment of his
+  wishes he rendered subservient both the alliances and the enmities
+  of his own country. At home, even the papacy could confer on him
+  no accession of power: he was indeed _papa alterius orbis_."]
+
+_Mrs. Elstob._--Mrs. Elstob, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, is stated by a
+recent reviewer to have passed the period of her seclusion in a village
+in Wiltshire, until taken notice of by a neighbouring clergyman. What
+village was this, and who was the clergyman? for other authorities place
+her at Evesham in Worcestershire.
+
+    J. W.
+
+  [We are inclined to think that _Wiltshire_ must be a misprint for
+  _Worcestershire_ in the Review, as the notices of Miss Elstob in
+  Kippis' _Biographia Britannica_, and Nichols' _Anecdotes of
+  Bowyer_, only speak of her retirement in distressed circumstances
+  to Evesham, where she attracted the notice of Mr. Ballard, author
+  of _Memoirs of British Ladies_, and of Mrs. Capon, wife of the
+  Rev. Mr. Capon, of Stanton, in Gloucestershire.]
+
+_Cardinal Bellarmin._--I find the following passage in D'Israeli's
+_Curiosities of Literature_:--
+
+  "Bellarmin was made a Cardinal for his efforts and devotion to the
+  Papal cause, and maintaining this monstrous paradox--that if the
+  Pope forbid the exercise of virtue and command that of vice, the
+  Roman Church, under pain of sin, was obliged to abandon virtue for
+  vice, if it would not sin against conscience."
+
+Can any of your readers favour me with the text in Bellarmin, which
+contains this "monstrous paradox?"
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+  [The passage will be found in _Disputationum Roberti Bellarmini,
+  de Controversiis Christianæ Fidei: De Summo Pontifice_, lib. iv.
+  cap. v. sect. 8.: Pragæ, 1721, fol., vol. i. p. 456.:
+
+  "8. Secundò, quia tunc necessariò erraret, etiam circa fidem. Nam
+  fides Catholica docet, omnem virtutem esse bonam, omne vitium esse
+  malum: si autem Papa erraret præcipiendo vitia, vel prohibendo
+  virtutes, teneretur Ecclesia credere, vitia esse bona, et virtutes
+  malas, nisi vellet contra conscientiam peccare. Tenetur enim in
+  rebus dubiis Ecclesia acquiescere judicio summi Pontificis, et
+  facere quod ille præcipit; non facere, quod ille prohibet; ac nè
+  fortè contra conscientiam agat, tenetur credere bonum esse, quod
+  ille præcipit: malum, quod ille prohibet."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "CAPTIOUS" AND "INTENIBLE." SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL
+LATIN."
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. 65.)
+
+This is another discussion in which Shakspeare's love of antithesis has
+not been sufficiently recognised.
+
+The contrast in this case is in the ideas--ever receiving, never
+retaining: an allusion to the hopeless punishment of the Danaïdes, so
+beautifully appropriate, so unmistakeably apparent, and so well
+supported in the context, that I should think it unnecessary to offer a
+comment upon it had the question been raised by a critic less
+distinguished than Mr. Singer; or if I did not fancy that I perceive the
+origin of what I believe to be his mistake, in the misreading of another
+line, the last in his quotation.
+
+The hopelessness of Helena's love is cheerfully endured; she glories in
+it:
+
+      "I know I love in vain--strive against hope--
+      Yet still outpour the waters of my love,
+      And lack not to lose still."
+
+This last line Mr. Singer reads, "and fail not to lose still;" but
+surely _that_ is not Helena's meaning? She means that her spring of love
+is inexhaustible; that, notwithstanding the constant, hopeless waste,
+there lacks not (a supply) "to lose still!"
+
+Johnson was one of those commentators enumerated by Mr. Singer, of whom
+he observes, as a matter of surprise, "that none of them should have
+remarked that the sense of the Latin 'captiosus,' and of its congeners
+in Italian and French, is deceitful, fallacious;" "and," he adds, "Bacon
+uses the word for 'insidious,' 'ensnaring.'" But surely Johnson the
+commentator was no other than Johnson the lexicographer; and yet, for
+these precise definitions of "captious," which J. S. W. thinks "_too
+refined and recondite_" for Shakspeare's "small Latin," we need apply to
+no higher source than to that familiar household companion--_Johnson's
+Dictionary_, wherein is anticipated the citation of Bacon, and even of
+the French word "captieux."
+
+It could not therefore be from ignorance that Johnson failed to propose
+this recondite sense, but from a conviction that it would not represent
+the true meaning of Shakspeare.
+
+It will be perceived that, in appreciation of "captious," I side with
+Steevens, Malone, Knight, Collier, and even with J.S.W.; in whom,
+however, with his irreverent allusion to "_a man_ who had small Latin,"
+I can recognise no true worshipper of Shakspeare.
+
+Why should Shakspeare be constantly twitted with this "small Latin," as
+if the "_school-like gloss_" of a hundred Porsons could add one
+scintilla to the glory of his name? His was the universal language of
+nature; and well does Mr. Singer remark that "We all know, by intuition
+as it were, what Shakspeare meant." It is true that we discuss his mere
+words in the endeavour to school our understandings to HIS level; but
+he, hedged by the divinity of immeasurable genius, must, himself, be
+sacred;--to attempt to measure his attainments by our finite estimation,
+is indeed sacrilege!
+
+In retailing Ben Jonson's unluckily chosen expression, J.S.W. does not
+seem to be aware that it has been doubted, and ably doubted, by Mr.
+Knight, in his _History of Opinion_, that Jonson himself used it by any
+means in the pedagogue sense usually adopted. And it does seem scarcely
+credible that Jonson would give utterance to a puff so miserably
+threadbare, so absurd too on the very face of it; for in what possible
+way could an alleged deficiency of Greek and Latin _in Shakspeare_,
+affect a comparison, _made by Jonson_, between Shakspeare and the poets
+of Greece and Rome? As well might it be said that ignorance of the Greek
+language, in Napoleon Buonaparte, would prevent a parallel between him
+and Alexander the Great! What if Ben Jonson meant his fifth line to
+continue the supposition of the first?--"_though_" is a word which has a
+hypothetical, as well as an admissive meaning; and there is no
+difficulty in reading his lines in this way:
+
+  "_If_ I thought my judgment were of yours, and _though_ thy
+  learning were less; still I would not seek to compare thee with
+  modern men, but call forth thundering Eschylus," &c.
+
+But I should like to ask J. S. W., as the nearest example from the same
+play, which does he really think would require the _larger_ Latin,--to
+discover the trite and only meaning of "captiosus," or to use _triple_
+in the sense conferred upon it in Helena's description, to the King, of
+her father's legacy? We have not at present in the English language any
+equivalent for that word as Shakspeare used it, and of which he has left
+us another example in _Antony and Cleopatra_, where the triumvir is
+called "the triple pillar of the world." We have failed to take
+advantage of the lesson given us by our great master, and consequently
+our language is deprived of what would have been a most convenient
+acquisition.
+
+It is true that Johnson gives a definition of "triple," in reference to
+its application to Antony, viz., "consisting of three conjoined;" but
+that meaning, however it might be applicable to the triumvirate
+collectively, is certainly not so to the members individually. To meet
+Shakspeare's use of the word, the definition must be extended to
+"consisting of, _or belonging to_, three conjoined:" a sense in which
+"triplex" was undoubtedly used by the Latins. Ovid would call the
+triumvirate "viri triplices," and of course each one must be "vir
+triplex;" but perhaps the clearest instance of the triune application is
+where he addresses the Fates (in _Ibin._ 76.) as spinning out "triplici
+pollice" (with triple thumb) the allotted task. Now as only one of the
+sisters held the thread, there could be but one individual thumb engaged
+(although with a sort of reflective ownership to all three); and there
+can be no question that Ovid would apply the same term to the shears of
+Atropos, or the distaff of Clotho.
+
+Here, then, is a _really recondite_ meaning, fairly traced to
+Shakspeare's own reading; for had he borrowed it from any one else, some
+trace of it would be found, and Warburton need not have stultified
+himself by his sapient note--"IMPROPERLY USED FOR THIRD!"
+
+But to return to "captious," there is, after all, no such great
+difference whether it be one's goods, or one's wits, that are taken
+possession of; or whether the capture be effected by avidity or fraud;
+both meanings unite in our own word "caption:" and there seems no good
+reason why "captious" should not derive from "caption," as readily as
+"cautious" from "caution." It is for the antithesis I contend, as a key
+to the true sense intended by Shakspeare: the whole play is full of
+antitheses, uttered especially by Helena;--and certainly, if we
+recognise the allusion to the Danaïdes (as who will not?), we cannot,
+without depriving it of half its force and beauty, receive "captious" in
+the sense of "deceptious." The Danaïdes _were not_ deceived--the essence
+of their punishment was utter absence of hope; Tantalus _was_
+deceived--the essence of _his_ punishment was hope ever recurring.
+
+With respect to the suggestion of "capacious" by W.F.S. (p. 229.), he
+could not have read Mr. Singer's paper with attention, or he would have
+perceived that he had been anticipated by Farmer, who, by elision, had
+obviated the metrical objection of J.S.W. (p. 430.). But the meaning of
+"capacious" is "capable of containing," and, as such, it would be more
+than antithetical, it would be contradictory, to "intenible." If
+_capacious_ be consistent with _leaky_, then the "uxor secreti capax"
+must have been rather an unsafe confidante.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June 5. 1851.
+
+
+EARTH THROWN UPON THE COFFIN.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 408.)
+
+The origin of this ceremony must undoubtedly be sought in man's natural
+desire to cover a dead body from the public view. The casting a handful
+of soil on the coffin is emblematic of the complete inhumation. The most
+ancient writings have allusions to the shamefulness of a corpse lying
+uninterred. Being thrown outside the walls of Jerusalem, with the burial
+of an ass (Jeremiah xxii. 19.), was regarded as the worst possible fate.
+
+Wheatly's observations upon this point, in his annotations on the burial
+service in the Prayer Book, are as follows:
+
+  "The casting earth upon the body was esteemed an act of piety by
+  the very heathens (Ælian, _Var. Hist._, l. v. c. 14.), insomuch
+  that to find a body unburied, and leave it uncovered, was judged
+  amongst them a great crime (Hor. l. i. od. 28. v. 36.). In the
+  Greek Church this has been accounted so essential to the
+  solemnity, that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself
+  (Goar, _Eucholog. Offic. Exeq._, p. 538.); and the same was
+  enjoined by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of King
+  Edward VI.: '_Then the priest casting earth upon the corpse_,' &c.
+  But in our present Liturgy (as altered in Queen Elizabeth's reign,
+  1559), it is only ordered that it '_shall be cast upon the body by
+  some standing by_:' and so it is generally left to one of the
+  bearers, or sexton, who, according to Horace's description
+  (_injecto ter pulvere_, vid. supra), gives three casts of earth
+  upon the body or coffin, whilst the priest pronounces the solemn
+  form which explains the ceremony, viz. '_earth to earth, ashes to
+  ashes, dust to dust._'"
+
+The note in Horace upon the three words above quoted is very much to the
+point:
+
+  "_In sacris hoc genus sepulturæ tradebatur, ut si non obrueretur,
+  manu ter jacta terra, cadaveri pro sepultura esset._" (Vet.
+  Schol.)
+
+The ancients thought that the spirit of an unburied corpse could not
+reach the Elysian fields, but wandered disconsolate by the Styx, until
+some pious hand paid the customary funeral rites. See the case of
+Patroclus (_Iliad_, xxiii. 70, et seq.). To lay the unquiet ghost, a
+handful of earth on the bodily remains would suffice:
+
+      "_Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescent._"
+
+The indignity of a public execution is much aggravated by allowing the
+body of the criminal to remain exposed, as in the case of the five sons
+of Saul whose corpses were guarded by Rizpah (2 Sam. xxi.); and in our
+own recent custom of ordering pirates and the worst kind of murderers,
+to be gibbeted in chains, as a monumental warning.
+
+Three or four summers ago I buried an Irish reaper, who had suddenly
+died in the harvest-fields. About half a dozen fellow-labourers, Irish
+and Roman Catholics like himself, bore him to the grave. At the words
+_earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust_, they threw in handfuls
+of soil; and, as soon as the service was over, they filled up the grave
+with spades which they had brought for the purpose. No doubt, there was
+religious prejudice in all this; but their behaviour was most reverent,
+and what they did seemed to arise from the generous _instinct to cover
+the dead body_ of a comrade.
+
+    Alfred Gatty.
+
+_Wheatly on the Common Prayer_ (ch. xii. §5.) derives this custom from
+the ancients, and adds that--
+
+  "In the Greek Church, the casting earth upon the body has been
+  accounted so essential to the solemnity, that it is ordered to be
+  done by the priest himself. And the same was enjoined by our own
+  rubric in the first Common Prayer of King Edward VI."
+
+For the Greek Church Wheatly refers to Goar _Rituale Græcorum_, p. 538.
+The passage, which I transcribe from Goar, runs as follows:--
+
+  "Et cadaver in monumento deponitur. Sacerdos vero terram batillo
+  tollens superinjecit cadaveri, dicens, 'Domini est terra et
+  plenitudo ejus: orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.' His
+  peractis cadaveri superinfundunt lampadis oleum, aut e thuribulo
+  cinerem. Atque ita ut moris est, sepulchrum operiunt dum dicuntur
+  moduli," &c.
+
+The following reference may also be added, Goar, 556., "Officium funeris
+monachorum," where the earth is directed to be thrown "in crucis modum."
+
+    N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+
+ON THE WORD "PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 401.)
+
+"The first folio," says Dr. Johnson, "has in both places _prenzie_, from
+which the other folios made _princely_, and every editor may make what
+he can." It will not be difficult, I conceive, to find out what sense
+Shakspeare meant to convey by this word, and to show that what he meant
+he has expressed with sufficient accuracy, though his meaning was soon
+after misunderstood. Our language owes much of its wealth of words to
+the talent which our great poet possessed for coining them--a talent
+which he exercised with marvelous tact: and if now and then some of them
+failed for want of being properly printed, we may rather wonder that so
+many obtained currency, than that a few ceased to circulate soon after
+they were first introduced.
+
+The idea intended to be conveyed by the word _prenzie_, is that which
+is expressed in the following passages:
+
+      "All this I speak _in print_; for _in print_ I found it."
+              _Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act II. Sc. I.
+
+             "I will do it, Sir, _in print_."
+                _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act III. Sc. I.
+
+on which Steevens remarks:
+
+  "_In print_ means _with Exactness_--with the _utmost Nicety_."
+
+He supports this meaning by quotations from other dramatic writers of
+the same age:
+
+  "Not a hair about his Bulk, but it stands _in print_." (1605)
+
+  "I am sure my husband is a Man _in print_, in all things else."
+  (1635.)
+
+When, therefore, Claudio, who, as your correspondent LEGES observes, is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
+
+      "The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
+
+he means the same as if he had said:
+
+      "What! that Man _in print_?"
+      "The _printsy_ Angelo?"
+
+But _prenzie_ is a term applied to _apparel_ as well us to _character_;
+and how does this accord with the interpretation here given?
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _prenzie_ guards!"
+
+Here again we are supplied by Steevens with apt quotations in
+illustration from other writers of the same age:
+
+  "Next, your Ruff must stand _in print_." (1602.)
+
+and
+
+  "This Doublet sits _in print_, my Lord!" (1612.)
+
+  "In _printsy_ guards" means the same, therefore, as "Guards _in
+  print_," or, _robes_ put on "with _exactness_--with the _utmost
+  nicety_."
+
+_Printsy_ is a word of the same formation with _tricksy_; and the
+phrase, "The _printsy_ Angelo!" is as good English as "My _tricksy_
+Ariel!" It was probably pronounced _prentsy_ (_prenzie_) in the time of
+Shakspeare; the word _print_ being derived from _empreinte_. Sir W.
+Scott speaks of "a _prent_ book," for a printed book. _Besprent_ is the
+participle of _besprinkle_. Of similar formation with _printsy_ and
+_tricksy_, are _linsy_, _woolsy_, and _frowsy_; but as all these
+adjectives, except the first, are derived from nouns representing
+natural or familiar things, while _printsy_ is founded on a word having
+no connexion with any obvious idea, it is probable that this difference
+may account for the fact that _printsy_ so early fell into disuse, while
+the rest were retained without difficulty.
+
+By the word _printsy_, those four conditions are fulfilled for which
+your correspondent so properly contends:--1. the word is "suitable to
+the reputed character of Angelo." 2. It is "an appropriate epithet to
+the word _guards_." 3. It supplies "the proper metre in both places." 4.
+It is "similar in appearance to the word _prenzie_."
+
+No other word has been produced which so fully represents the formality
+and hypocrisy of Angelo, as described in the quotations so conveniently
+brought into one view by your correspondent, though one of the epithets
+made use of comes very near the mark: "Lord Angelo is _precise_!"
+
+    JOHN TAYLOR.
+
+
+ZACHARIE BOYD.
+
+(Vol. i., pp. 298. 372. 406.)
+
+I would refer your correspondents H. B., H. I. (p. 372.), and
+PHILOBODIUS and MR. JERDAN (p. 406.), to the following volumes: _The
+Last Battle of the Soule in Death_, by Mr. Zacharie Boyd, Preacher of
+God's Word in Glasgow, edited by Gabriel Neil, Glasgow, 1831; McUre's
+_History of Glasgow, with Appendix_, Glasgow, 1830.
+
+As the first of these vols. is now very scarce (a limited number being
+printed by subscription), the following extracts may be interesting to
+some of your readers, and at the same time correct some errors of our
+correspondents:--
+
+  "Mr. Zacharie Boyd was descended from the family of the Boyds of
+  Pinkill (Carrick, Ayrshire). He was cousin to Mr. Robert Boyd, of
+  Trochrigg, who was appointed Principal of the University of
+  Glasgow in 1615. The date of his birth is not exactly known; some
+  time previous to 1590. He received his education at the school of
+  Kilmarnock. The first notice we have of him is in a letter to
+  Principal Boyd, from David Boyd, in 1605, wherein he says, '_There
+  is a friend of yours, Zacharie Boyd, who will pass his course at
+  the colledge within two years._' After having finished his course
+  at the University of Glasgow, he studied at the College of Saumur,
+  in France, under his relation, Robert Boyd: he returned to his
+  native county in 1621. In 1623 he was ordained Minister of the
+  Barony Parish of Glasgow, in which situation he continued till his
+  death in 1653-1654."
+
+Mr. Zacharie Boyd was never Principal or a Professor in Glasgow College:
+the only office he ever held in the college was that of Lord Rector (an
+honorary office annually elected), which he held in the years 1634,
+1635, 1645. He was a great benefactor to the college, to which he left
+20,000_l_. Scots, for buildings and bursaries.
+
+The crypt below Glasgow Cathedral, called St. Mungo's Crypt, was the
+barony church in Zacharie's time, and where he preached; it is this same
+place which Sir Walter Scott so well describes in _Rob Roy_ (vol. ii.
+chap. 3., edition in 48 vols.), where Francis Osbaldistone heard sermon.
+Z. Boyd was, both in prose and verse, a very voluminous writer; his
+works, however, are chiefly in MS. in the library of Glasgow College.
+
+In addition to editing _The Last Battle_, Mr. Neil has examined the
+"Poetical Works" in MS.; and has given a summary of the whole in the
+Appendix to the _Biographical Sketch_; and has printed for the first
+time upwards of 3000 lines from the poetical MSS.
+
+With regard to Mr. Boyd's poetry, the following account from Neil's
+_Biographical Sketch_ may be accounted satisfactory, with reference to
+the lines often quoted as from Zacharie Boyd's Bible:
+
+  "The work, however, which has given the greatest public notoriety
+  to his name as a poetical writer, is that generally called
+  'Zacharie Boyd's Bible,' said to be a metrical version of the
+  whole Scriptures--an arduous task indeed, if ever he contemplated
+  the undertaking. But such a book as this has existed only in name,
+  not in reality; _at least, it is nowhere to be found among his
+  works_. The only one approaching to it is a metrical version of
+  the 'Four Evangels,' which proceeds through the Gospels of the New
+  Testament by chapter and verse.... And, among other works, he
+  produced two volumes under the title of '_Zion's Flowers_,' _and
+  it is these_ which are usually shown as his Bible, and have
+  received that designation. These volumes consist of a collection
+  of Poems from select subjects in Scripture History, such as Jonah,
+  Jephtha, David and Goliath, &c., &c., rendered into the dramatic
+  form, in which various 'Speakers' are introduced, and where the
+  prominent parts of the Scripture narrative are brought forward and
+  amplified. We have a pretty close parallel to these in the
+  'Ancient Mysteries' of the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries, and
+  in the Sacred Dramas of more modern writers.
+
+  "It is from this work, _Zion's Flowers_, that the various
+  quotations which have occasioned so much mirth to the public are
+  said to have been made, _but not one of these which are in
+  circulation_ are to be found there: the only '_genuine extract_
+  from these MSS. is that printed by Pennant.'"--_Biog. Sketch_, p.
+  14. _et seq._
+
+The "genuine extract" will be found in Pennant's _Tour in Scotland_,
+vol. ii. p. 156.
+
+PHILOBODIUS, "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 406., will find the four
+lines he quotes given differently there.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+P.S. To show the extent of Mr. Boyd's _poetical perseverance_, I subjoin
+a note of the contents of one of his poetical MSS.:--the _Flowers of
+Zion_, generally called Zacharie Boyd's Bible.
+
+      David and Goliath contains about            850 lines.
+      Historie of Jonah                          1130  "
+      ---- of Samson                             2100  "
+      ---- of Jephtha                             720  "
+      The Flood of Noah                           860  "
+      The Tower of Babylon                        930  "
+      The Destruction of Sodom                   2000  "
+      Abram commanded to sacrifice Isaac          840  "
+      Historie of the Baptist                     800  "
+      The Fall of Adam                            900  "
+      Abel murdered                               900  "
+      Pharaoh's Tyranny and Death                2480  "
+      Historie of Jacob and Esau                  750  "
+      ---- of Jacob and Laban                    1400  "
+      Jacob and Esau reconciled                   720  "
+      Dinah ravished by Shechem                   440  "
+      Joseph and his Brethren       }            1615  "
+      Joseph tempted to Adultery    }
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Fierie Furnace            3280  "
+
+Also at the end--
+
+      The World's Vanities (Divided into 8 Branches:--1st. Strength,
+      2nd. Honour, 3rd. Riches, 4th. Beautie, 5th. Pleasure, 6th.
+      Wisdom, 7th. Children, 8th. Long Life) contains about 550
+      lines.
+
+      The Popish Powder Plot (The Speakers--Christ--King
+      James--Elizabeth--Peeres of England--The Lords appointed to
+      trye the Traitors--The Earls of Nottingham, Suffolke, the Lord
+      Monteagle--The Sherriffe of Worcester--The Devill--the Jesuit
+      Gerrard--Robert Catesby--Thomas Percy, Guy Faux, &c. &c. &c.)
+      contains about 1560 lines.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Death, how symbolised_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--I beg to inform your
+correspondent S. T. D., that in an old 4to. volume in my possession,
+which treats principally of the topic about which he is inquiring, there
+are several engravings of Death as a skeleton. In one he is armed with a
+bow and arrow, an axe, and a scythe notched as a saw. In another he has
+an axe only: while in a third, in which he is announcing his dissolution
+to a man on his deathbed, he has a spade in his left hand, while with
+his right he points upwards; and on his head is a wreath of thorns with
+flowers standing up out of it. I do not know whether the book is a rare
+one or not. It is in black letter, and at the end is the date 1515. The
+title, which is a woodcut, rather curious, is--_Sermones Johannis
+Geilerii Keiserspergii, &c., &c._ There are also six other woodcuts,
+after the manner of Albert Durer, very quaint and curious. The volume is
+in its original vellum, over oak boards, finely tooled, and has once
+been bound at the corners and clasped with metal. In MS. on the top of
+the title are the words "Monast. S. Udalrici Aug'æ." Though in very good
+condition, the black-letter type is so curiously crabbed and abbreviated
+that I have not had time to do more than ascertain that it seems a very
+singular and a learned work.
+
+    H. C. H.
+
+  Rectory, Hereford, June 8. 1851.
+
+  [The author of the curious work in the possession of our
+  correspondent is John Geiler, called also Gayler, Keiserspergius,
+  an eminent Swiss divine, who was born in 1445, and died in 1510.
+  His works in German and Latin are books of rare occurrence, and
+  consist principally of Sermons. Oberlin published in 1786 a
+  curious life of Geiler. For the titles of his various works,
+  consult Panzer's _Annales Typographici_, vol. vi.]
+
+_Death_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--Has S. T. D. consulted the excellent
+treatise of Lessing, "Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet?" It is illustrated
+with many engravings. (See Lessing's _Sämmtliche Schriften_, 1839, vol.
+viii.)
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+  Oxford, Whit-Monday.
+
+_A Kemble Pipe_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--If DR. RIMBAULT will turn to vol.
+i., p. 10. of Campbell's _Life of Mrs. Siddons_, he will find that the
+Kemble of smoking notoriety alluded to in the proverb, met his fate at a
+date long subsequent to the Marian persecution. He was apprehended on a
+charge of implication in Titus Oates's plot, and executed at Hereford,
+August 2d, 1679, being one of the last persons who suffered death for
+their religious opinions in England. He was hung, not burnt, and his
+hand is still preserved in the Reliquary of the Roman Catholic Chapel at
+Worcester. "On his way to execution," says Mr. Campbell,
+
+  "He smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that
+  county it was long usual to call the last pipe that was smoked in
+  a social company, a Kemble's pipe."
+
+    SPERIEND.
+
+_Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus_ (Vol. i., p. 385.).--Your
+correspondent JARLTZBERG may find a copy of the _Wyngaert_ in the
+library of the _Maatschappij van Letterkunde_ (Lit. Soc.) in Leyden, and
+may read an account of the work in vol. ii. pp. 151, 152. of the
+_Society's Transactions_. The copy in my possession is entitled _Den
+Wyngaert van Sinte Franciscus vol_ [not _van_] _schoone historien,
+legenden en deuchdelycke leeringhen allen menschen seer profytelyck_.
+Like most of the works issued from the press of Eckert van Hombach, it
+is well printed on good paper; the leaves (not the _pages_) are numbered
+up to 418, and besides there are six leaves without pagination for the
+index, as well as three for the prologue, in which we learn why the work
+was called _Wyngaert_. All the copies I have met with bear the date
+1518, though in Hultman's _Catalogue_, p. 20. No. 92., we find 1578,
+probably an error of the printer. In J. Koning's _Catalogue_, 1833, p.
+17. No. 59., we are referred to Bauer, _Bibl. libr. rar._, vol. iv. p.
+301.; and to the _Catalogue raisonné_ de Crevenna, vol. v. p. 85., where
+we read:
+
+  "Ce volume contient les vies des Saints de l'ordre de St.
+  Franciscus, précédées de celle de son instituteur, _et n'est point
+  une traduction_ du Livre des Conformités (_Liber Conformitatum_),
+  quoiqu'il est probable qu'on ait pris beaucoup de ce livre."
+
+Van Bleyswijk, in his _Description of Delft_, vol. i. p. 339., says,--
+
+  "The Franciscans bought up the work, in order to suppress and
+  destroy it: it is therefore no wonder that copies of it are
+  scarce."
+
+Unless you read it, says Professor Ackersdijck, in his _Archief voor
+Kerk. Gesch._, you will hardly conceive it possible for any one to write
+such a mass of folly and absurdity.
+
+    V. D. N.
+
+  NAVORSCHER, p. 179. June, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--The following anecdote, as
+characteristic of the individual as illustrative of the above Query, may
+perhaps be considered deserving a corner in your Journal:--
+
+  "A well-meaning friend calling one morning on Richard B. Sheridan,
+  wound up a rather prosy exordium on the propriety of domestic
+  economy, by expressing a hope, that the pressure of some
+  difficulties from which he had been temporarily removed, would
+  induce a more cautious arrangement in future.
+
+  "Sheridan listened with great gravity, and thanking his visitor,
+  assured him that he never felt so happy, as all his affairs were
+  now proceeding with the _regularity of clockwork_, adding (with a
+  roguish twinkle of the eye, and giving his arm the oscillating
+  motion of a pendulum), 'Tick, tick, tick!' It is needless to add,
+  the Mentor took a hasty leave of his witty but incorrigible
+  companion."
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+_Spelling of Britannia, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 275. 463.).--I believe that
+there is no mistake as supposed in the inscription on the Geo. III.
+shilling. The double "T" is expressive of the plural "Britt." for
+"Britanniarum". Have we not many similar instances, _e. g._ "codd." for
+"codices," "libb." for "libri;" or, one of every-day occurrence, "pp."
+for "pages?"
+
+    W. M. N.
+
+_Fossil Elk of Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., pp. 26. 121.
+212.).--W. R. C. (a Subscriber) will find some very interesting accounts
+of this creature in Boate and Molyneux's _Natural History of Ireland_,
+p. 137.; and in an excellent paper by Dr. Cane, in the _Transactions of
+the Kilkenny Archæological Society for the Year 1850_, where several
+works containing accounts of the animal are referred to. An interesting
+memoir by Dr. Hibbert on the discovery of the _Megaceros Hibernicus_, or
+fossil elk, in the Isle of Man, will be found in the fifth number of the
+_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, published in 1826.[1]
+
+  [Footnote 1: _Errata._--Query, should not the word "Rochenon," in
+  Vol. i., p. 380. col. 1., be "Rosbercon?" and should not "D. H.
+  M‛Carthy," in Vol. ii., p. 348. col. 1., be "D. F. M‛Carthy"
+  (Denis Florence M‛Carthy)? Such errors, however trifling they may
+  now appear, may hereafter confuse.]
+
+    R. H.
+
+_"In Time the Bull," &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 388.).--The quotation--
+
+      "In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke,"
+
+seems to be from Ovid, _Tristia_, iv. 6. 1.:
+
+      "Tempore ruricolæ patiens fit taurus aratri;"
+
+or _Ar. Am._ i. 471.:
+
+      "Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra juvenci."
+
+    P. J. F. G.
+
+  Cambridge, May 22. 1851.
+
+  [N. B., E. C. H., and several other correspondents, have furnished
+  similar references to Ovid.]
+
+_Baldrock_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435.).--MR. CHADWICK'S quotations on
+this word are very opportune, and useful by way of illustration, and for
+elucidating the meaning of the word.
+
+I will endeavour to explain this part of bell gear, and the purpose for
+which it was used.
+
+_Baldrock_ (_sic_) is probably the patois of a locality for _bawdrick_,
+which means a belt, or the leather strap and other appurtenances of the
+upper part of the clapper, by which it was suspended from the crown
+staple. In old _black-letter_ bells (if one may use the term) the upper
+part of the clapper was shaped like a stirrup, through which a strap of
+stout leather, often doubled, was passed; but between this and the
+staple a piece of hard wood of like width was inserted, and fitted to
+work on the round part of the crown staple. Through this leather and
+wood an iron pin was passed; and all was fastened together, and kept
+stiff in place, by a curiously cut piece of tough wood, called a
+_busk-board_, one end of which was tied round the stem of the clapper. I
+have seen many such. There was one at Swanswich next Bath: but without a
+sketch it is difficult to explain. I will enclose a sketch, to be used
+at the Editor's discretion.
+
+A few years ago, I made the following extracts from the very interesting
+accounts of the churchwardens (guardians) of St. Edmund's, Sarum. I have
+no doubt that similar entries may be found in all such old accounts, and
+I hope these may induce other gentlemen to inquire for them.
+Unfortunately I did not copy the _sums_ paid.
+
+  "1591. Layd out for a Bawdrope for the Great Bell, 5_s._
+
+  For grafting of Bawdropes & finding Leather.
+
+  Making of a '_pinn_' for the fourth Bell Bawdrope.
+
+  1588. Paide for Lether to mend the Bawdricke.
+
+  1572. Payd for a Bald Rybbe for the fourth Bell. (It occurs again
+  for other bells.)
+
+  1552. Mendinge off the Bawdrycke off the greatt Bell.
+
+  1541. Payd for mendynge the wheles of the 3 Bells, and for
+  Bawdrykes.
+
+  1524. Bawdderyke to the v. Bell.
+
+  1495. [Pro] emendacione rote ejusdem Campane et [pro] Bawdryke
+  ejusdem Campane.
+
+  1482. [Pro] tribus Bawdrykys.
+
+  1473. Bawdryke bought for the iiij Belle.
+
+  1469. Bawderyke.
+
+  Whyt Lethyr for the Bawdryke in the years of Ed. VI."
+
+    H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+In a decree of the Court of Chancery of the year 1583 is the following
+passage:
+
+  "It is alleged that a certain close ... in the parish of Smarden,
+  in the County of Kent, now called and known by the name of
+  Ropefield, was, long time sithence, given by one John of Hampden,
+  to and for the maintenance and finding of ropes, _bawdricks_, oil,
+  and leather, for the use of ringing of the bells in the steeple of
+  the said parish church of Smarden, &c., &c." James _v._ Woolton, 6
+  May, 1583. (_Reg. Lib._ B. 1582. fo. 502.)
+
+Not understanding the word "bawdrick," I applied to Messrs. Mears,
+bell-founders, Whitechapel, who kindly gave me the following
+information:
+
+  "The bawdrick is the head of the clapper, or the coupling by which
+  it hangs on the staple inserted in the crown of the bell. It is
+  fitted on to the head of the clapper, and a lining of leather is
+  inserted to prevent the creaking of the iron, when the end of the
+  clapper is oscillating. Hence, no doubt, the introduction of
+  'leather' in the document referred to. The word is still in use."
+
+    CECIL MONRO.
+
+  Registrar's Office, Court of Chancery, June 14. 1851.
+
+The baldrick was a leather thong, or strap, fastened with a buckle, for
+the purpose of suspending the clapper inside the bell, both of which had
+loops or eyes to receive it; from its continual wear, new baldricks were
+often required. I subjoin a few extracts from the parish accounts of St.
+Antlins, or St. Anthony, Budge Row, relating thereto.
+
+  1590. "Paide the smythe for making a new clapper for the great
+  bell, x_s._
+
+  "Paide for a _bawdrick_ for the great bell, ii_s._ vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _buckell_ for the same, vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _baldrick_ for the fift bell, i_s._ viii_d._
+
+  1594. "Paide for a new _bawdricke_ for one of the bells the
+  Crownacion daie, ii_s._
+
+  1578. "Paide for an _eie_ for the great bell clapper, vi_s._
+
+  "Item for a rope for the morning bell, ij_s._ vi_d._"
+
+I could adduce several other instances if required, but these may
+suffice.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Catalogue of Norman Nobility_ (Vol. iii., p. 266.).--Your correspondent
+Q. G. asked some weeks ago where the catalogue of Norman nobility before
+the Conquest was to be found? In the _Historiæ Normannorum_, published
+in Paris in 1619, at p. 1127., he will find the
+
+  "Catalogus nobilium qui immediate prædia a Rege conquæstore
+  tenuerunt."
+
+In this list occurs the name of Geri (Rogerius) de Loges, whose lordship
+was in the district of Coutances. At p. 1039. of the same work, we find
+that Guarinus de Logis was feudal lord of certain domains in the
+bailiwick of Falaise. In a roll of all the Norman nobles, knights, and
+esquires who went to the conquest of Jerusalem with Robert Duke of
+Normandy in the first crusade, and copied from an ancient MS. written on
+vellum, found in the library of the cathedral of Bayeux, entitled "Les
+anciennes histoires d'outremer," we also find the name of John de
+Logis, who bore az. a cinque foile ar.
+
+I think, therefore, that M. J. T. (p. 189.) is in error in confounding
+the family of Ordardus de Logis with that of the Baron of Hugh Lupus.
+The names of the Norman nobles were territorial; and it is probable that
+these worthies were not related, as the names were spelt differently.
+According to the Doomsday Survey, Gunuld, the widow of Geri de Loges,
+held the manor of Guiting Power in Gloucestershire.
+
+The elder line of Ordardus de Logis, Baron of Wigton, terminated in an
+heiress, who carried the estate into the family of Lucy (I think in the
+reign of Edward III.), Adam, the seventh and last baron, having died
+without male issue; and it afterwards became the property, by marriage,
+of the ancestor of the present Earl of Carlisle. The descendants of
+Ordardus are still to be found in the remote valleys of the north of
+Yorkshire, and in parts of Durham: and I have been told that the Rev.
+John Lodge, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge, claimed to be of
+this family.
+
+    S.
+
+  Oxford, June 13. 1851.
+
+_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 242. 339.).--I have before me a 24mo. tract of
+forty-seven pages:
+
+  "Nicolai Barnaudi a Crista Arnaudi Delphinatis, Philosophi et
+  Medici, Commentariolum in Ænigmaticum quoddam epitaphium Bononiæ
+  studiorum, ante multa secula marmoreo lapidi insculptum. Huic
+  additi sunt Processus Chæmici non pauci. Nihil sine Numine,
+  Lugduni, Batavorum, [CIƆ.IƆ.IIIƆ.]"
+
+The first thirty pages are devoted to the epitaph on Ælia Lælia Crispus.
+We are told:--
+
+  "Nec defuerunt alii, qui, ut audio, Animam hominis, alii nubium
+  Aquam, alii, ut hic intellexi a viro de litteris bene merito,
+  Eunuchum quemdam, alii alia varia, hoc epitaphio tractari
+  phantasmata suis scriptis contenderunt. Hæc ego cum intellexissem,
+  eorum misertus, qui abditioris philosophiæ in castris militant,
+  operæ pretium facturum me existimavi, si trismegisticum hoc
+  epitaphium eis aperire conarer."
+
+This he proceeds to do very satisfactorily, as the following specimen
+will show:--
+
+  "ÆLIA. Solaris, dubio procul, ut nomen indicat, sive solis filia,
+  immo substantia, essentia, radius, virtus, et illa quidem
+  invisibilis solis nostri, ne quis eam a sole vulgi natam, perperam
+  cogitet; neque tamen desunt, qui eam ex Urani et Vestæ filio,
+  Saturno, et Ope ejus sorore, a qua cum plures Saturnus suscepisset
+  liberos, eosque vorasset, et e vestigio evomuisset, Jupiter
+  servatus, ejusque loco lapis Saturno presentatus fuit, ac si cum
+  peperisset Opis, ab ipsis inquam, eam natam esse cogitent; at
+  quidquid sit, ÆLIA, seu solaris est, neque tamen (tanta est ejus
+  amplitudo), astro illo, mundi oculo amicta incedit; sed et altero,
+  minore luminari, Luna, quæ sub pedibus ejus est comitata, ideo
+  etiam dicitur LÆLIA, quasi solis amica, etc., etc."
+
+On a fly-leaf I find the following written by an unknown hand:
+
+  "Commentarios in hoc epitaphium scripserunt Joannes Trevius
+  Brugensis, et Richardus vitus Basinstochius, jurisconsultus Anglus
+  cujus liber editus Durdrecti apud J. van Leonem Berawoul, Anno
+  1618. Vid. et de hoc enigmate Boxhorn."
+
+If MR. CROSSLEY does not make this note wholly superfluous, make use of
+it as you please.
+
+    J. S.
+
+  Woudenberg, May 12. 1851.
+
+_Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p. 369.).--The following
+version of this prayer, differing from that given by MR. FALCONER, may
+be interesting.
+
+In Archdeacon Bonney's _Historic Notices in reference to Fotheringay_,
+p. 109., this note occurs:
+
+  "Seward asserts that the following lines were repeated by the
+  Queen of Scots immediately before her execution. They are set to
+  music by the late Dr. Harrington, of Bath, and other musicians.
+
+      "'O Domine Deus, speravi in Te!
+      O chare mi Jesus, nunc libera me!
+      In dura catena, in misera poena, desidero Te;
+      Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,
+      Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me.'
+
+   TRANSLATION.
+
+      'O Lord my God, I have relied in Thee!
+      Now, O dear Jesu, set me, set me free!
+      In chains, in pains, long have I wished for Thee;
+      Faint, and with groans, I, bowing on my knee,
+      Adore, implore Thee, Lord, to set me free.'"
+
+I may add, that the Latin lines have recently been very beautifully set
+to music by that eminent composer, Mrs. Kingston.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+Your correspondent on the subject of the lines said to have been
+repeated by Mary Queen of Scots on the scaffold, furnishes a translation
+of them in lieu of others, which he condemns; and his version has
+provoked me to try my hand at one, in which I have studied rhythm more
+than rhyme: the rhythm and the intensity of the ordinal.
+
+      "Great God, I have trusted
+        In peril on Thee!
+      Dear Jesus, Redeemer,
+        Deliver thou me!
+      In my prison-house groaning,
+        I long but for Thee;
+      Languishing, moaning,
+        Bow'd down on bent knee,
+      I adore Thee, implore Thee,
+        From my sins set me free."
+
+    ALAN.
+
+_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 250.).--Finding
+that no correspondent of yours, in answer to a Query which appeared some
+time back, viz.: "Whether any play of Aristophanes had ever been adapted
+to the modern stage," has yet mentioned the only two instances of which
+I am aware, I beg to refer the Querist to the _Plaideurs_ of Racine (an
+adaptation of the _Wasps_), and to a very ingenious modernisation of the
+_Birds_ by Mr. Planché, produced about four years since at the Haymarket
+as an Easter piece, under its original title.
+
+I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of protesting, under your
+justly powerful auspices, against the use of the word "Exposition" in
+its French sense of _Exhibition_, now creeping into places where it
+could scarcely have been expected.
+
+    AVENA.
+
+_The White Rose_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--The version which I have of the
+beautiful lines quoted by your correspondent is (I quote from memory):
+
+      "If this fair rose offend thy sight
+        It on thy bosom wear,
+      'Twill blush to find itself less white,
+        And turn Lancastrian there."
+
+The succeeding couplet has equal merit:
+
+      "But if thy ruby lip it spy
+        As kiss it thou mayst deign,
+      With envy pale 'twill lose its dye,
+        And Yorkist turn again."
+
+    C. I. R.
+
+The origin of the blush imparted to the rose is most beautifully
+described by Carey:
+
+      "As erst in Eden's blissful bowers
+      Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,
+      An opening rose of poorest white
+      She marked with eye that beamed delight;
+      Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew
+      From Beauty's lip the vermeil hue."
+
+    J. A. DOUGLAS.
+
+_Mark for a Dollar_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The origin of the sign of the
+dollar, concerning which T. C. inquires, is, I believe, a contraction of
+_scutum_, the same as _£_, formerly written _£i_, is of _libra_. The
+strokes through the S are merely the signs of contraction.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+_Gillingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 448.).--In a foot-note to Rapin (2nd edit.,
+vol. i. p. 130.), the general assembly convened by Earl Goodwin, at
+which Edward the Confessor was chosen king, is stated, upon the same
+authority as Hutchins has referred to (viz. Malmsbury), to have been
+"Gilingeham _or_ London." If at Gillingham, there can be but little
+doubt it was Gillingham near Chatham, of which latter place Goodwin is
+stated to have been then possessed.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 10, 1851.
+
+The share that Earl Godwin bore in the establishment of King Edward (the
+Confessor) on the throne of England seems to make it probable that
+Gillingham in Kent, not the Gillingham in Dorsetshire, was the scene of
+the council referred to by your correspondent
+
+    QUIDAM.
+
+Edward, observe, was coming from the continent, and relied entirely on
+the support of the great East Kentish Earl. Milton names the council in
+his History of England, _Works_, vol. vi. p. 275., Pickering, ed. 1831.
+He seems to be still quoting Malmsbury.
+
+    E. J. E.
+
+  Blackheath, June 9. 1851.
+
+_On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 364.).--In reading
+A Borderer's interesting note on _The Lay of the Last Minstrel_, it
+occurred to me, whether there may not have been (perhaps unconsciously)
+in Walter Scott's mind a link of connexion betwixt his own "elvish
+page," as an agent in bringing about the nuptials of Lord Cranstoun with
+the Lady Margaret; and the part played by Cupid, in regard to Dido,
+after he had been transformed into Ascanius, as described in the first
+Æneid. Indeed the beautiful "Song of Robin Goodfellow" (Vol. iii., p.
+403) suggests a similar speculation; for in the gambols of Puck there is
+something analogous to the freaks of Cupid after his metamorphose. But
+other and closer parallels will probably occur to your learned readers,
+and show that some of what are commonly esteemed the most original
+modern creations owe much to classical invention.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Lines on Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find the lines he
+asks about, given (but without comment) in Knight's _Cyclopædia of
+London_, p. 440.
+
+    P. M. M.
+
+J. S. will find the lines he has sent you printed in Hone's _Year Book_
+(1832), p 113.; where may be also seen the following
+
+      ANSWER.
+
+      "Deluded men, these holds forego,
+        Nor trust such cunning elves;
+      These artful emblems tend to show
+        Their clients, not themselves.
+
+      'Tis all a trick, these are but shams,
+        By which they mean to cheat you;
+      For have a care, you are the LAMBS,
+        And they the wolves that eat you.
+
+      Nor let the thought of no 'delay'
+        To these their courts misguide you;
+      You are the showy HORSE, and they
+        Are jockeys that will ride you."
+
+Hone does not give a hint as who was the author of either, nor can I
+inform J. S.
+
+    EDWARD FOSS.
+
+[The REV. MACKENZIE WALCOTT has also kindly informed us that the
+original lines and the rejoinder are to be found in Brayley's
+_Londiniana_, vol. iv. pp. 216-7.]
+
+_Sewell, Meaning of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 391. 482.).--H. C. K. makes an
+error in supposing that "formido," as used by Virgil in the passage
+quoted, and "sewell," are convertible terms. If there is any word in
+that passage which could be considered coextensive in meaning with the
+word "sewell," it would undoubtedly be "penna." Nor is "sewell" a
+_modern_ term, as he supposes; in proof of which I add an extract from a
+letter written by Dr. Layton, one of the commissioners for the
+suppression of monasteries, to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, in which the
+word "sewel" occurs:
+
+  "We have sett Dunce (Duns Scotus) in Bocardo, and have utterly
+  banisshede hym Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses, and
+  is nowe made a comon servant to evere man, faste nailede up upon
+  postes in all comon houses of easement: _id quod oculis meis
+  vidi_. And the second tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
+  declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret quadrant court
+  full of the leiffes of Dunce, the wynde blowing them into evere
+  corner. And there we fownde one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of
+  Buckinghamshire, getheryng up part of the said bowke leiffes (as
+  he saide) therewith to make hym _sewelles_ or _blawnsherres_ to
+  kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the better cry
+  with his howndes."
+
+H. C. K. wishes to know the origin of the word "sewell." Can any of your
+readers explain the derivation of the term "blawnsherres?" Can it be
+connected with the French _blanche_, from white parchment, &c. having
+been used in making them?
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Lambert Simnel_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--Though I cannot throw any light
+upon the question of T., _Was this his real name?_ I may mention, as a
+Worcestershire man, that it is a custom among the pastrycooks of
+Worcester to make, at the beginning of Lent, a rich sort of cake;
+consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants,
+citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a
+"simnel." I cannot say how long this custom has existed, but I have
+every reason to believe it is one of great antiquity. From Johnson's
+explanation of the term, I conclude, that this practice of making
+"simnels" must in former times have been more general than it is at
+present.
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Tennyson's "In Memoriam"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 142. 227. 458.).--I submit
+that the "crimson-circled star" may be named without calling on the poet
+to explain.
+
+The planet Venus, when she is to the east of the sun, is our _evening
+star_ (and as such used to be termed Hesperus by the ancients).
+
+The evening star in a summer twilight is seen surrounded with the glow
+of sunset, "crimson-circled." The rose, too, was a flower sacred to
+Venus, which might justify the epithet. But I suppose the blush of the
+sky was what the poet thought of at such a moment.
+
+Venus sinking into the sea, which in setting she would appear to
+do,--falls into the _grave of Uranus_,--her father, according to the
+theory of Hesiod (190). The part cast into the sea, from which Aphrodite
+sprung, is here taken, by a becoming license (which softens the
+grossness of the old tradition), for the whole; so that the ocean,
+beneath the horizon of which the evening star sinks, may be well
+described by the poet as "_her_ father's grave."
+
+That Venus is meant, the gender of the pronoun relating to the star
+seems to prove beyond a doubt; there being no other sufficiently
+important to occur in a picture of this kind, to which a female name is
+given.
+
+    V.
+
+  Belgravia, June 12. 1851.
+
+_The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace_ (Vol. iii., p.
+408).--D. X. will find all that is known of this king in the Armenian
+version of Eusebius's _Chronicle_, 53., and in the _Chronographia_ of
+Georgius, Syncellus (and subsequently Patriarch) of Constantinople, p.
+210. B. The former gives as his authority Abydenus, and the latter
+Polyhistor. Both passages will be found in Cory's _Ancient Fragments_.
+The Median king is called in both Astyages, and not Cyaxares; but the
+date of the catastrophe being fixed by Ptolemy's Canon in 625 B. C., the
+reviewer, I suppose, considered himself justified in altering the name
+to that of the king who appears from Herodotus to have governed Media at
+that date.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Legend in Frettenham Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent
+C. J. E. may find some account of the legend illustrated on the walls of
+Frettenham Church in the _Calendar of the Anglo-Catholic Church_, from
+which it appears that St. Eligius, Eloy, or Loye, is the hero of the
+incident. He was the patron of blacksmiths, farriers, &c.; and
+accomplished, on one occasion, the shoeing of a refractory horse by
+amputating the leg; and the operation performed, he replaced the severed
+member. Doubtless, as C. J. E. suggests, the shoeing might have been
+effected without so much periphrasis; but perhaps the saint intended to
+teach the animal docility, and inspire the spectators with a more
+palpable proof of his supernatural powers, than the performance of the
+operation by his mere _ipse dixit_ would have afforded. The church of
+Durweston, Dorsetshire, is named in his honour, and a rude sculpture
+over the doorway commemorates the incident.
+
+    C. A.
+
+_Natural Daughter of James II._ (Vol. iii., pp. 224. 249. 280.).--When
+the answer of C. to my inquiry first appeared, I doubted whether after
+such strong reproof I ought again to address you; but as your valuable
+paper was intended for the ignorant as well as for the learned, and as
+C. (Vol. iii., p. 334.) places your respected correspondent MR. DAWSON
+TURNER in the same class as my humble self, I no longer hesitate.
+
+When I proposed the Query, I had no ready access to any book which
+would easily give me the required information, and it did not appear to
+me to be any great sin in making use of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for what I
+conceive is its legitimate object, the communication of knowledge; and I
+do not think the space my Query occupied was wasted when it called forth
+the interesting reply of P. C. S. S.
+
+I would now take the liberty of asking C. to explain the following
+extract from _Souverains du Monde_, not finding any particulars
+respecting the first marriage here alluded to in those books to which I
+have been able to refer:--
+
+  "Les enfans naturals du Roi Jaques II. sont 1.... 2.... 3....
+
+  "4. Catherine Darnley, mariée en premières nôces avec Thomas
+  Wentworth, Baron de Raby; et en secondes nôces, en 1699, avec
+  James, Comte d'Anglesey. Elle est morte en 1700. Sa mère étoit
+  Catherine Sedley, Comtesse de Dorchester, Baronne d'Arlington.
+
+  "5. N. mariée avec le Duc de Buckingham le 27 Mars, 1706."
+
+You will observe that my former inquiry referred to the daughter above
+stated as the fifth child.
+
+It is plain that the compiler of _Les Souverains du Monde_ is in error
+in making the wife of the Earl of Anglesey a distinct person from the
+wife of the Duke of Buckingham.
+
+Who was the wife to the Thomas Wentworth here mentioned? and, if a
+natural daughter of James II., I should be glad of the following
+particulars,--the names of her mother and self--the dates of her birth,
+marriage, and death--and the date of the death of her husband.
+
+I must apologise for trespassing thus at length upon your space.
+
+    F. B. RELTON.
+
+_Clarkson's Richmond_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.).--The late Mr. Clarkson's
+manuscripts were transferred to his son, the Rev. Christ. Clarkson;
+whose address might probably be obtained by Q. D. from J. B. Simpson,
+Esq., Richmond, Yorkshire.
+
+    M.
+
+_MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps_ (Vol. iii., p. 358.).--I see that in the
+"Notices to Correspondents," in No. 79., for May 3, you inform W. P. A.
+that the _Catalogue of Sir Thomas Phillipps's MSS._ is privately
+printed, and that there are copies at the Bodleian, Athenæum, and
+Society of Antiquaries.
+
+You may perhaps be interested to know that a catalogue of about three
+thousand of the Middlehill MSS. is to be found in a work entitled
+_Catalogi Librorum MSSorum qui in Bibliothecis Galliæ, Hiberniæ,
+Helvetiæ, Belgiæ, Britanniæ Magnæ, Hispaniæ, Lusitaniæ asservantur: à
+Gustavo Haenel_: Lipsiæ, 1830. A copy of this important work is in the
+reading-room of the British Museum.
+
+I may add that a copy of the privately printed _Catalogue of Sir T.
+Phillipps's MSS._ is now to be found in the British Museum, but it has
+only recently (within the last few months) made its way into the
+Catalogue.
+
+    C. W. GOODWIN.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--Is not our excellent
+correspondent MR. SINGER mistaken in supposing that the ears are the
+ears of the scabbard or pitcher? If you draw one thing out of another by
+the ears, it must be by the ears of the first, not of the second; yet he
+also says that it is used for hilts.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. iii., p. 484.).--May I add, in my defence
+as to the Thracians' smoking, that all I said was, that there was
+nothing in Solinus, chap. 15. I had looked at the Bipont edition, in
+which, as I now see, the passage is in chapter 10.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Principle of Association_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--I cannot but doubt
+whether "La partie réelle de la métaphysique" means "all that has yet
+been done in the philosophy of the human mind." I apprehend it means the
+material, or physical part; that which is connected with the structure
+of the body. This would apply to Hartley, though not to Mr. Gay: but I
+speak in the dark, for I have not that edition of La Place which your
+correspondent refers to.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Corpse makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--That a funeral
+creates a right of way, is an error founded on the fact that, being a
+remarkable, and sometimes a crowded event, it is not an unfrequent
+evidence of the previous existence of a right of way.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Chloe_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--In reply to a Query in one of your late
+numbers respecting the meaning of the expression "as drunk as Chloe," it
+has been suggested to me that it refers to a lady who is mentioned
+often in Prior's _Poems_, and who was celebrated for the propensity
+alluded to.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+_Family of Sir J. Banks_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--It appears, on a
+reference to Burke's _Commoners_, that the ancestors of Sir J. Banks
+were possessed of property in and about Keswick; and the present
+representative of the family possesses black-lead mines in Borrowdale,
+Cumberland. It is, therefore, very probable that the Mr. John Banks in
+question may have been of the same family, though not a lineal
+descendant of Sir J. Banks.
+
+    L. H.
+
+_Verse Lyon_ (Vol. iii., p. 466.).--In the literal reprint of Puttenham,
+1811, I find the words extracted by J. F. M., with one unimportant
+exception, "And they _called_ it _Verse Lyon_." J. F. M. may find some
+account of Leonine verses, which "are properly the Roman hexameters and
+pentameters rhymed," in Price's edition of Warton's _History of English
+Poetry_, vol. i. p. cxviii.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Heronsewes_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--A probable derivation is given in
+Tyrwhitt's note on the passage in the _Squire's Tale_ from the French
+_heronçeaux_, which would probably, in English usage, become either
+_heronsewes_, or _heronshaws_. It is of course a diminutive, like
+"lioncel," "pennoncel," &c.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., p. 331.).--Who first taught
+that the form of the earth was that of a sphere? In Isaiah xl. 22.
+appears the following passage:
+
+  He that sitteth upon the CIRCLE of the _earth_ and the inhabitants
+  thereof," &c.
+
+Does not this extract prove that the Jews, as a people, were acquainted
+with the spherical form of the earth in Isaiah's time; the prophets
+usually addressing the people in popular language.
+
+    C. N. S.
+
+_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).--In the replies to
+correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's
+translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few
+shillings, would satisfy most persons on the subject, and be found
+entertaining in giving instruction.
+
+    T. M.
+
+_Topical Memory_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--On topical memory I can refer
+your inquirer to _Cicero de Oratore_, book ii. lxxxvi., lxxxvii.,
+§351-358., and _Ad Herenn._ iii. xvi.-xx., and _Quintil._ xi. ii. 2., p.
+431. Rollin, ed. 1758.
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., p. 397.).--The following illustration of this word
+occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the University of
+Cambridge. The date is about 1350:
+
+      "þe iewis herde þis word wel alle,
+      And anon _eysel_ þei mengid wiþ galle."
+
+It is here manifestly = _vinegar_.
+
+    C. H.
+
+_Eisell._--I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of
+this word might be attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in
+which may be found the word _Aesell_ (_idem sonans_ with _Eisell_),
+implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly identical (see
+page 377.).
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Four Want Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).--A cross road, or that point
+where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry in Kent
+"the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want
+way," &c. I have always considered the word as being derived from the
+ancient VENTA: thus VENTA _Icenorum_ (Caister, near Norwich), the
+highway of the Iceni; VENTA _Silurum_ (Caerwent, in Monmouthshire), the
+highway of the Silures; VENTA _Belgarum_ (Winchester), the highway of
+the Belgæ; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the
+ancient appellation.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Meaning of Carfoix_ (Vol. iii., p. 469.).--Will your correspondent K.
+TH. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it not the
+French _carrefour_, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey,
+though not, I believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The
+chief carrefour there is at the junction of the Pollet, High Street and
+Smith Street; another is in the country, the _Carrefour aux Lievres_,
+the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. MR. METIVIER, whose
+name I am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I
+suppose the derivation to be in _Quatuor fores_, or some French
+derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of "Carfax" in Oxford.
+Are the names akin to each other?
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_A regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The story of King Mûl is perhaps
+rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your correspondent in a
+_stew_, nor get myself into a _broil_, nor you into a _mess_ or a
+_pickle_, I would settle his _hash_ by suggesting that terms of cookery
+are frequently used as descriptive of disagreeable predicaments; and
+that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is _mulled_, yet it
+may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of
+_muddle_? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King
+Mûl.
+
+    M.
+
+_William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I expect that A. N. is labouring
+under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the "conversion" of
+"William Hone, THE COMPILER of the _Every-day Book_;" and that he means
+
+  "_The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone_, a narrative
+  written by himself, _edited_ by his SON, William Hone, author of
+  the _Every-day Book_, &c. London, J. Ward & Co., Paternoster Row,
+  1841. One Shilling."
+
+I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but
+should not that be practicable, I shall be happy to lend your
+correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither unjust nor
+uninteresting to add, that _I know_ (from his own communication, shortly
+after the memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated
+_Parodies_ being charged as "blasphemous," that he immediately stopped
+the sale of them; that, though money was then of some consequence to
+him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so, because
+he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as
+having sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to
+injure Christianity, which he deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor
+man's charter. In making those observations, he emphatically placed his
+hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.
+
+    A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
+
+_The Rev. Mr. Gay_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--The name of Gay is not very
+common in the West of England, and MR. TAGART may possibly obtain some
+account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of Goldworthy,
+near Bideford, in the county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton Gay in
+the county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of Goldworthy,
+about the year 1420, by marriage with the daughter and heir of Curtis of
+Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family of Curtis of Lostwithiel, in
+the county of Cornwall.
+
+The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with
+any notice, is Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in
+the year 1822 at South Molton, in the county of Devon. Lyson also says
+that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Lady Mary Cavendish_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I know nothing of any _Lady
+Mary's_ having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the Guards; but it is
+certain that she could not have been, _strictly speaking_, of the same
+family as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady
+Waterpark, with remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended
+from a _natural son_ of the Devonshire family, and even, I believe,
+before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that any _Lady_ Mary
+Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.
+
+    C.
+
+_Hand giving the Blessing_ (Vol. iii, p. 477.).--In blessing the people,
+the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two forefingers,
+and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and
+they give this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a
+pagan symbol in use long before the introduction of Christianity, not
+only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's _Archæological
+Index_, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship,
+in which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands
+elevated with the thumb and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta
+has the left hand in the same position. I wish some of your
+correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian
+antiquities, would further illustrate the origin of this curious and
+ancient custom, which hitherto has been regarded as originating with the
+Church of Rome only.
+
+    W. W.
+
+_The Oldenburg Horn_ (Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).--There is a good
+engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p.
+264, of the curious _Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis_ of
+Johannes Herbinius, Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in
+the library of the Geographical Society.
+
+    W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+  Athenæum, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Covey_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--How could such a question be asked? Covey
+is _couvée_, French for a _brood_, a _hatching_, from _couver_, to hatch
+eggs.
+
+    C.
+
+_Davy Jones's Locker_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--During many years of
+seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this phrase,
+and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the
+scriptural account of the prophet Jonah. The word _locker_, on board of
+ship, generally means the place where any particular thing is retained
+or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker," &c. In
+the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that
+the Prophet, praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the
+following words:
+
+  "In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about:--the
+  depth closed me round about:--the earth with her bars was about
+  me."
+
+The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner,
+Jonah's locker; that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined.
+Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily corrupted to Jones's locker;
+and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the equally Welsh
+name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been
+forgotten.
+
+    W. PINKERTON.
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., p. 482.).--The use of this word may be traced to
+an earlier period than has yet been shown by any of your correspondents?
+
+In Florio's _Worlde of Wordes_, 1598, we have it thus:--
+
+  "_Ombrella_, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state
+  for a prince, also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they use
+  to ride with in summer in Italy, a little shade."
+
+    Δ.
+
+_Nao, a Ship_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--A. N. is informed that _naw_ is a
+Celtic name for a ship (the _w_ is sometimes sounded like _oo_); though
+the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in
+Davies' _Mythology, &c. of the Druids_. In the appendix to this work
+there is a poem (No. 6.) by Taliesin, containing the following
+example:--
+
+      "Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb _naw_."
+
+      "Sinking in the lake, without a ship."
+
+The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman
+influence. Can A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman
+times did not possess any vessels superior to the _cwrygl_? Is it
+probable that the warlike aid which the Britons constantly rendered the
+Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier baskets?" Had the
+"water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained no
+higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?
+
+I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull
+the torque with thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin
+_longa_; but passing this, I will advance the opinion that the Celtic
+_naw_ is the root of the Latin _navis_.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Birth of Spenser_ (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).--Is not 1510 a mistake for
+1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in manuscripts of
+Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Petworth Registers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).--The period over which
+these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and Papers printed
+by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:--
+
+  "County of Sussex.--Arundel Rape.
+
+  "Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing
+  with A. D. 1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at the
+  following places:--
+
+  "Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II.
+  Bap. Bur. 1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."
+
+The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the
+proper custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or
+private library it may perhaps reward some reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+in the next century by turning up when unsought for. In the mean time,
+however, is there no official copy to be found in the Archbishop's
+courts at Canterbury?
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Arms of the Isle of Man_ (Vol. iii., p. 373.).--The symbol of three
+legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the Isle of
+Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The τρια ακρα from which the name
+of the latter is derived are the promontories of Lilybæum, Pachynus, and
+Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito, Passaro, and Faro (Virg. Æn. iii. 384.). It
+is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage of this island, A.D. 1709
+(which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv. The
+crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, SANS CHANGER; Rev. The
+three legs), has the motto QVOCVNQVE · _GESSERIS_ · STABIT. The coinage
+of 1723 is exactly similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the
+succeeding ·coinages have QUOCUNQUE · JECERIS · STABIT, which is clearly
+the correct reading. I may add that I am engaged on a work on the Copper
+Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall be thankful for any
+information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &c.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of _The
+Traveller's Library_, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended
+to comprise "books of entertaining and valuable information in a form
+adapted for reading while travelling, and at the same time of a
+character that will render them worthy of preservation." The 1st Number
+contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of '_Warren Hastings_' which
+has been appropriately followed by that of '_Lord Clive_,' from his
+_Historical Essays_ and will be succeeded by '_The Earl of Chatham_,'
+'_William Pitt_,' '_Horace Walpole_,' &c., from the same pen; and these
+again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which has
+hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers.
+The 3d Number, '_London_,' by Mr. McCulloch, belongs to this class. As a
+really cheap and not merely low-priced series of valuable books, this
+well-printed _Traveller's Library_ deserves, and, we trust will meet
+with, every success.
+
+At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the
+subject of public health and indeed of health generally, we may be
+excused for directing the attention, of our readers to '_The Laws of
+Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a Series of Letters from an Old
+Practitioner to a Patient_,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small volume of
+useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd
+observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all
+qualifications for a writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Illustrations of Mediæval Costume in England from MSS.
+in British Museum, &c._, by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The
+present number of this very cheap work on costume contains no less than
+three _coloured_ plates--curiously illustrative of the subject, though
+not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.
+
+_Hurry-graphs_, by N. Parker Willis, and _The House of Seven Gables_, by
+Nathaniel Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The
+former is characterised by the usual light, off-hand style of the
+writer. The latter will add to the reputation which Mr. Hawthorne has
+won by his '_Scarlet Letter_.' They are two pleasant volumes for the
+steam-boat or the railway carriage.
+
+_An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included
+in Woodfall's Edition of Junius_, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and
+we must add an unsuccessful attempt, to prove that the Letters in
+question were written by Lord Chesterfield.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in
+the sale of the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable
+Library of Thomas Jolley, Esquire, including, among other interesting
+autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts of Pope, Swift, Thomson,
+Fielding, &c.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of
+Books Old and New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular No. 30. of Books in all Languages.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine.
+Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPÆDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABBÉ DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols, 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits
+contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, où l'on traite de la Nécessité de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes Formes de la
+Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Télémaque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
+
+WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.
+
+STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.
+
+OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
+
+COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. 1. 12mo.
+Lond. 1755.
+
+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
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+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
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+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
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+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes & Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. I.                                     |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. II.                                    |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. III.                                   |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+86, June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86,
+June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37496]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: This text uses _underscores_ to indicate _italic_
+fonts. Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. Some
+medieval contractions have been tentativley [expanded] in [brackets].
+The Roman numeral *C shows an inverted C, or closing ). A list of
+volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" was added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 86. SATURDAY, JUNE 21. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on Books, No. I.: Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay
+      on the Right of Property in Land, by S. W. Singer          489
+
+      Notes on Ireland, No. I.: Freedom from Serpents            490
+
+      Canons and Articles of 1571                                491
+
+      On Two Passages in Dryden, by H. H. Breen                  492
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother--Chaucer
+      and Gray--Shakspeare Family--Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey
+      Tindall--Specimens of Composition--Burke's "mighty Boar
+      of the Forest"                                             492
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Queries on Tennyson                                        493
+
+      Ancient Modes of hanging Bells, by Rev. A. Gatty           493
+
+      Minor Queries:--English Sapphics--Equestrian Statues--Plays
+      in Churches--"The Right Divine of Kings to govern
+      wrong"--Serius, where situated?--Hollander's Austerity,
+      &c.--Brother Jonathan--Authorship of the "Groves of
+      Blarney"--Carnaby--Death of Death's Painter--Book
+      Plates--Querelle d'Allemand--Bassenet of Eaton--Dumore
+      Castle, or the Petrified Fort--Charles Dodd, the
+      Ecclesiastical Historian--Ussher's Works, by
+      Dr. Elrington--Family of Etty the Artist--St. Hibbald      494
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Unde derivatur "Gooseberry
+      Fool?"--Biography of Bishop Hurd--Friday,
+      why considered unlucky--The Lord Mayor a Privy
+      Councillor--Alterius Orbis Papa--Mrs. Elstob--Cardinal
+      Bellarmin                                                  496
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Shakspeare's Use of "Captious" and "Intenible."
+      Shakspeare's "Small Latin"                                 497
+
+      Earth thrown upon the Coffin, by Rev. A. Gatty, &c.        499
+
+      On the Word "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure," by John
+      Taylor                                                     499
+
+      Zacharie Boyd                                              500
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Death, how symbolised--A
+      Kemble Pipe--Flemish Work on the Order of St.
+      Franciscus--Meaning of Tick--Spelling of Britannia,
+      &c.--Fossil Elk of Ireland--"In Time the Bull,"
+      &c.--Baldrock--Epitaph--Prayer of Mary Queen of
+      Scots--Aristophanes on the Modern Stage--The White
+      Rose--Mark for a Dollar--Gillingham--On the Lay of
+      the Last Minstrel, &c.--Lines on Temple--Sewell, Meaning
+      of--Lambert Simnel--Tennyson's "In Memoriam"--The second
+      King of Nineveh who burned his Palace--Legend in Frettenham
+      Church--Natural Daughter of James II.--Clarkson's
+      Richmond--MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps--Meaning
+      of Pilcher--Antiquity of Smoking--Principle of
+      Association--Corpse makes a Right of Way--Chloe--Family
+      of Sir J. Banks--Verse Lyon--Heronsewes--Theory of the
+      Earth's Form--Mythology of the Stars--Topical
+      Memory--Eisell--Four Want Way--Meaning of Carfoix--A
+      regular Mull--William Hone--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Lady
+      Mary Cavendish--Hand giving the Blessing--The Oldenburg
+      Horn--Covey--Davy Jones's Locker--Umbrella--Nao,
+      a Ship--Birth of Spenser, &c.                              501
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     510
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               510
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  511
+
+      Advertisements                                             511
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. I.
+
+_Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of Property in Land._
+
+At the dispersion of the library of the late Sir James Mackintosh,
+striking evidence of his extensive reading appeared. It seems to have
+been his custom to always read with a pencil in his hand, to score the
+remarkable passages, and to make occasional notes; generally at the end
+of the book he indicates the place where, and date when he read it.
+
+One remarkable and not uninteresting example occurs in the following
+volume in my possession:
+
+  "An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, with respect to its
+  foundation in the Law of Nature: its present establishment by the
+  municipal laws of Europe; and the regulations by which it might be
+  rendered more beneficial to the lower ranks of Mankind." London,
+  1782, 8vo.
+
+On the inside of the cover Sir James Mackintosh has written:
+
+  "_Clapham Common_, July 18, 1828.--An ingenious and benevolent,
+  but injudicious book, which is a good example of the difficulty of
+  forming plans for the service of mankind. To the author, an
+  accomplished recluse, a lettered enthusiast of no vulgar talent or
+  character, I owe the cultivation of a sense of the beautiful in
+  poetry and eloquence, for which at the distance of near half a
+  century I feel a lively gratitude. It was written by _William
+  Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Aberdeen. I
+  even now recollect passages of his Translation of the 4th Book of
+  the Eneid.--J. MACKINTOSH."
+
+I have found a corroboration of the estimate above given of this person,
+by another of his countrymen, James Ogilvie (who appears to have been an
+itinerant teacher of oratory in America) in a volume of _Philosophical
+Essays_ published in Philadelphia in 1816. Speaking of a gifted native
+of Scotland of the name of McAllester, settled in the far west, near
+Bard's Town, and lamenting that he should choose to bury his talents in
+obscurity and indolence, the writer says:
+
+  "He came nearer to the character of a scientific sage than any
+  human being the narrator has ever known, with the exception of
+  _William Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Old
+  Aberdeen, Author of a profound original 'Essay on the Right of
+  Property in Land.'"
+
+The book itself is, in some respects at least, well worthy of attention,
+and especially at the present moment, when the subject it embraces
+presses itself upon all men's consideration. On _emigration_, for
+instance, Ogilvie has some anticipatory views: thus he observes with
+truth:
+
+  "To increase the prosperity and the happiness of the greater
+  number, is the primary object of government, and the increase of
+  national happiness must be the increase of national strength. Is
+  it not then the duty, and perhaps also the interest of every
+  legislature in the West of Europe to promote the emigration of its
+  less opulent subjects, until the condition of the lower classes of
+  men at home be rendered nearly as comfortable as the condition of
+  the same classes in the new settlements of North America?"--Pp.
+  50, 51.
+
+Just now, when the Property Tax is to receive the mature consideration
+of the legislature, the following passage, which also anticipates the
+public feeling as expressed lately by an influential part of the press,
+deserves to be cited:
+
+  "Without regard to the original value of the soil, the gross
+  amount of property in land is the fittest subject of taxation; and
+  could it be made to support the whole expense of the public, great
+  advantages would arise to all orders of men. What then, may it be
+  said, would not, in that case, the proprietors of stock in trade,
+  in manufactures, and arts, escape taxation, that is, the
+  proprietors of one half of the national income? They would indeed
+  be so exempted; and very justly, and very profitably for the
+  state; for _it accords with the best interests of the community
+  through successive generations, that_ ACTIVE PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRY
+  SHOULD BE EXEMPTED, IF POSSIBLE, FROM EVERY PUBLIC BURTHEN, _and
+  that the whole weight should be laid on that quiescent stock,
+  which has been formerly accumulated, as the reward of an industry
+  which is now no longer exerted_."--P. 207.
+
+In another work on political economy, Sir James has also recorded his
+opinion, and indicated some passages, which have been copied by Godwin.
+The work is: _Doutes Propos�s aux Philosophes Economistes sur l'Ordre
+Naturel et Essentiel des Soci�t�s Politiques, par M. l'Abb� de Mably_: �
+la Haye, 1768, 8vo.
+
+  "This book is a greater mixture of sense and nonsense than any
+  other I ever read. What he says against the _Political_ jargon of
+  the Economists, their evidence and their _despotisme l�gal_, is
+  perfectly well reasoned. His own system of ascribing all evils to
+  the Institution _of Separate Property_ is too absurd for any
+  serious discussion."
+
+It is pleasant to have these recorded opinions of such a man as
+Mackintosh on books the subjects of which he had deeply meditated.
+Indeed, to me there is a great charm in such private memoranda of a
+distinguished and able man, giving the passing impression on his mind in
+the course of his reading.
+
+    S. W. SINGER.
+
+  Mickleham, June 7. 1851.
+
+
+NOTES ON IRELAND, NO. I.
+
+_Notes on Ireland's Freedom from Serpents._
+
+That Ireland was infested with venomous reptiles before St. Patrick's
+time, that he banished them, "_and that serpents cannot survive in
+Ireland_," is a well-known tradition, and one universally received
+amongst the native Irish. In Christian symbolism it was usual to
+designate sin or Paganism by a serpent or dragon, and saints who
+converted heathen nations, or subdued the evil promptings of their own
+nature, were represented with a serpent or dragon beneath their feet.
+Thus, St. Patrick, by preaching the doctrine of the Cross, and uprooting
+Paganism, may be said to have banished venomous serpents from Ireland.
+In his case, however, the symbol may have had a deeper meaning, if, as
+many (and with great probability) think, _serpent worship_ formed part
+of that Oriental heathenism which obtained in early times in Ireland.
+
+Dr. Geoffry Keating, in his _History of Ireland_ (in the Irish
+language), which he completed about the year 1625, says: "Saoilim gurab
+do an _deamhnaibk_ gairmithear _naithreacha nimke_ i m-beathaidh
+Patraic" ("I think that by the serpents spoken of in the life of St.
+Patrick were meant _demons_"). _Serpents_ figure among the carvings and
+hieroglyphical ornaments on some of the remnants of Irish antiquity
+which still puzzle our antiquaries. On Cruach Padruig, in Mayo, there is
+a sort of tarn which still bears the name of Loch na Pheiste, or the
+Serpent's Lake; and one of "the Two Lakes," whence Gleandaloch derives
+its name, has the same appellation.
+
+Solinus, who flourished at the close of the second century, notices, I
+believe, the strange fact of Ireland's having an immunity from reptiles;
+Isidore and Bede, in the seventh and eighth centuries, respectively
+repeat the assertion. Donatus, Bishop of Fesul�, who flourished about
+the middle of the ninth century, says, in a Latin poem on his native
+country:
+
+      "Nulla venena nocent; nec Serpens serpit in herb�;
+      Nec conquesta canit garrula Rana lacu
+      In qua Scotorum gentes habitare merentur;
+      Inclyta gens hominum, milite, pace, fide."
+
+"Rana." A note on this word in Montgomery's _Poetry of Ireland_
+declares:
+
+  "However fabulous this may appear, it is certain that _Frogs_ were
+  formerly unknown in this country: _they were first propagated here
+  from spawn introduced as an experiment by a Fellow of Trinity
+  College, Dublin, in 1696_."
+
+Joceline of Furnes, Sir James Ware, Fynes Moryson, and several others,
+notice the absence of serpents in Ireland.
+
+A Belfast correspondent to the _Dublin Penny Journal_, June, 1834,
+mentions some cases of _introducing reptiles_ into Ireland:
+
+  "About 1797, a gentleman is said to have imported from England
+  into Wexford, a number of vipers:"
+
+they died immediately after. He continues:--
+
+  "We are sorry to record that the virtues of the good old times
+  have passed away, _as snakes are at this moment_ (June, 1834)
+  _free denizens of the County of Down, and gambolling in its
+  shrubberies and plantings_."
+
+The particulars are as follows:
+
+  "In the summer of 1831, a gentleman, by way of experiment to
+  ascertain whether snakes would survive in Ireland, brought from
+  Scotland a few pair of what are usually called the common snake
+  (_Coluber natrix_). These he put into a plantation at Milecross,
+  near Newtownards, where they soon from their number gave evidence
+  of becoming as fruitful as if they had been placed in South
+  Carolina."
+
+I have not heard how long the snakes continued at Milecross, but I
+believe they are not there now. The Marquis of W----d, I have heard, in
+a similar freak, endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to propagate snakes on
+his property.
+
+The usual Irish word for _serpent_ is _nathair_; Welsh, _gnadr_; German,
+_natter_; Anglo-Saxon, _n�dre_; Latin, _natrix_; English, _adder_. The
+epithet _nimhe_, poison, is often added, and a compound word made,
+_nathair-neimhe_.
+
+_Peist_, a word I have before alluded to, is analogous with the Latin
+_best-ia_, and means a _worm_, a _beast_, as well as a _serpent_.
+
+    EIRIONNACH.
+
+
+CANONS AND ARTICLES OF 1571.
+
+Dearest Sir,
+
+Yours of the 4th I showed to Mr. Baker, who desires me to tell you, that
+the Canons of 1571, with the subscriptions, are (as the Articles) in
+paper bound up in the same volume of the _Synodalia_, and stand there
+next to the "Articles of 1571" subscribed by the Archbishop and ten
+Bishops.
+
+I agree with you that the MS. of 1562 was designed to be subscribed
+without alterations; but your reasons do not satisfy me that the
+alterations were posterior to the subscription, for notwithstanding the
+alterations it appeared very plain to the subscribers what they
+subscribed to, and there needed no memorandum to them that the lines of
+minium were designed to exclude all that was scored; and the care that
+was taken to alter the account of the number of lines and Articles of
+the several pages conformably to the alterations made by the lines of
+minium was wholly unnecessary, and to no purpose, except the
+subscriptions were to follow, in the middle of which the subscribers own
+the exact number of Articles and lines in every page, and therefore this
+care was necessary that their subscription might be true; but supposing
+they subscribed before the alterations, the lines of minium were
+sufficient to show what alterations were to be made in the new copy of
+the Articles, and not the least occasion for adjusting the number of
+Articles and lines at the end to the foregoing pages. But both these are
+but conjectures on your and my part, and the main point does not depend
+upon them, which is in my opinion, whether this MS. could be designed
+for the _Publick Record_, and that it was not I think the want of such a
+memorandum as you speak of, as well as the Archbishop leaving it to C.
+C. C. as his own property, is a sufficient evidence: though I must
+confess I am apt to think the postscript in the _Publick Record_ (which
+I take to be printed from the record in Renald Wolfe's edition of 1563
+referred to by your adversary) refers to this MS., and the subscriptions
+to it of both houses.
+
+Mr. Baker nor I had Gibson's _Synod. Anglicana_; but this morning I got
+a sight of it from the booksellers, and have sent it to Mr. Baker, who I
+hope will make a better use of it than I am able to do; the passage you
+refer to favours an opinion that I have had, that the subscriptions were
+left in the keeping of the President of the Convocation, the Archbishop
+or Bishop of London; but that a _Publick Record_ (different from that
+with the subscriptions, and left with the President) was engrossed in
+parchment, and preserved in its proper place, the Registry of the
+Convocation; and thus that which Archbishop Laud found at Lambeth might
+be left there.
+
+I cannot tell exactly the number of blank pages (whether three or more)
+between the subscription of the Bishops and of the Lower House in 1562.
+Both Mr. Baker and I omitted to take so much notice of it; but we both
+remember that there might be room in the MS. for the clause in the
+beginning of the twentieth Article, partly in the space between the
+nineteenth and the twentieth Article, and partly in the margin; or in
+the margin there might be room enough for the whole clause.
+
+Rogers' first edition was 1579, under this title: "The English Creed,
+wherein is contained in tables an Exposition on the Articles, which
+every one is to subscribe unto. Where the Article is expounded by
+Scriptures and Confessions of all the Reformed Churches and Heresies
+displayed, by Thomas Rogers. Printed for Andrew Mansell, 1579, in fol."
+This title I transcribe from Andrew Mansell's printed Catalogue of
+Books, published 1595. I mentioned to you another edition in 1585, the
+first part, and 1587, the second part, with a new title and pretty great
+additions; and I think I told you the second part began with the
+twentieth Article. It may seem from thence that his first edition in
+1579 was not upon all the Articles; but I believe it was, and that the
+other edition came not out both parts together, because of the
+additions. I am sorry you find it not among Mr. Anstey's books, nor can
+I find it here. With my humble service to your good lady, I am, dearest
+sir, your most affectionate humble servant,
+
+    THO. BROWNE.
+
+The letter, of which the above is a transcript, may be interesting to
+some of your readers; I therefore send it you for publication; the name
+of the person to whom it was addressed, and the date, have been torn
+off.
+
+    (p).
+
+  [Thomas Browne, the writer of the foregoing letter, was a fellow
+  of St. John's College, Cambridge; but subsequently, with his
+  friend Mr. Baker, became a Nonjuror. The letter appears to have
+  been written to the Rev. Hilkiah Bedford, a Nonjuring clergyman,
+  who was at this time preparing his masterly reply to Anthony
+  Collins' work, _Priestcraft in Perfection_, which was published in
+  1709. Mr. Bedford's work was published anonymously, and is
+  entitled, _A Vindication of the Church of England from the
+  Aspersions of a late Libel entituled "Priestcraft in Perfection,"
+  &c._ By a Priest of the Church of England: London, 1710. The
+  preface has been attributed to Dr. Joseph Trapp. Mr. Bedford has
+  availed himself of the information conveyed to him in the letter
+  given above, especially in pages 32. 35. 42. 78. 84. At page 101.
+  he says, "I shall set down what farther account concerning this
+  ancient MS. I have received in several letters from two persons of
+  great learning and integrity at Cambridge, who have consulted
+  these MSS. of Corpus Christi formerly, and been so obliging to
+  examine them again now for my satisfaction, with all the care and
+  exactness due to a matter of such moment." The _minium_ mentioned
+  by the writer of the letter is the red lead pencil commonly used
+  by Archbishop Parker, for noting particular passages in the
+  documents he perused.]
+
+
+ON TWO PASSAGES IN DRYDEN.
+
+I have met with a notion in Dryden's _Poems_, which reads very like a
+blunder. It occurs in the "Spanish Friar," as follows:--
+
+      "There is a pleasure sure in being mad,
+      Which none but madmen know."
+
+And again in this couplet:
+
+      "And frantic men in their mad actions show
+      A happiness, that none but madmen know;"
+
+There is a description of madness to which all men are more or less
+subject, and which Pascal alludes to in one of his "Pens�es:"
+
+  "Les hommes sont si n�cessairement fous, que ce serait �tre fou
+  par un autre tour de folie, que de ne pas �tre fou:"
+
+or, as Boileau has it in the couplet:
+
+      "Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgr� leurs soins,
+      Ne diff�rent, entre eux, que du plus ou du moins."
+
+There is another sort of madness which is described by Terence as
+
+      ---- "cum ratione insanire."
+
+And there is a third species of it, which Dryden himself speaks of in
+the well-known line adopted from Seneca:
+
+      "Great wits are sure to madness near allied."
+
+Now, it is obvious that, in the passages above quoted from Dryden, he
+does not refer to any of these three kinds of madness. As a man, he
+could say in regard to the first:
+
+      "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto."
+
+As a man of the world his whole life was an exemplification of the
+second; for no one knew better than he how to be mad by rule. And as one
+of our greatest wits he was entitled to claim a near alliance to that
+madness which is characteristic of men of genius. It is clear,
+therefore, that, in the lines quoted above, he speaks of that total
+deprivation of reason, which is emphatically described as stark, staring
+madness; and hence the blunder. In point of fact, Dryden either knew the
+pleasure and happiness of which he speaks, as belonging to that sort of
+madness, or he did not know them. If he knew them, then by his own
+showing he was a madman. If he did not know them, how could he affirm
+that none but madmen knew them?
+
+Should my view of this matter be incorrect, I shall be thankful to any
+of your readers who will take the trouble to set me right.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, April 15. 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother._--A highly respectable woman, recently
+living in my service, and who was born and bred in the household of the
+late Duke of Leinster, told me that, when she was a child, she was much
+about the person of "the old Duchess;" and that she had often seen the
+bloody handkerchief that was taken off Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after he
+had been shot at his capture. This relic of her unfortunate son the
+venerable and noble lady always wore stitched inside her dress. The
+peerage states that she was a daughter of the Duke of Richmond, was
+married in 1746-7, and bore seventeen children. As the arrest of Lord
+Edward Fitzgerald was not until 1798, she must have been full seventy
+years old when she thus mourned; reminding one in the sternness of her
+grief of the "Ladye of Branksome."
+
+    A. G.
+
+_Chaucer and Gray._--Of all the oft-quoted lines from Gray's _Elegy_,
+there is not one which is more frequently introduced than the well-known
+
+      "E'en, in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+Now Gray was an antiquary, and there is no doubt too well read in
+Chaucer. Is it too much, therefore, to suggest that he owed this line
+to one in Chaucer's "Reves Prologue:"
+
+      "Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Chaucer the sentiment it embodies is satirical:--
+
+      "For whan we may not don, than wol we speken,
+      Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Gray, on the other hand, it is the moralist who solemnly declares:
+
+      "E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries,
+      E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+But the coincidence cannot surely be accidental.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Shakspeare Family._--In the _Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum
+Cancellari� Hiberni� Calendarium_, vol. i. pars i. p. 99 b. is an
+entry, which shows that one Thomas _Shakespere_ and Richard Portyngale
+were appointed Comptrollers of Customs in the port of Youghal, in
+Ireland, in the fifty-first year of Edward III.
+
+    J. F. F.
+
+_Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall_ (Vol. iii., p. 422.).--The epitaph in
+Killyleagh churchyard is not unlike the following inscription on the
+tomb of Umphrey Tindall, D.D., Dean of Ely and President of Queen's
+College, Cambridge, who died Oct 12, 1650, in his sixty-fifth year, and
+is buried in the south aisle of the choir of Ely Cathedral:--
+
+      "In presence, government, good actions, and in birth,
+      Grave, wise, courageous, noble, was this earth;
+      The poor, the Church, the College say, here lies
+      A friend, a Dean, a Master, true, good, wise."
+
+    K. C.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Specimens of Composition._--In the current (June) number of the
+_Eclectic Review_ there is a critique on Gilfillan's _Bards of the
+Bible_, the writer of which indulges in the use of several most
+inelegant, extraordinary, and unpardonable expressions. He speaks of
+"spiritual monoptotes," &c., as if all his readers were as learned as he
+himself professes to be: but the climax of his sorry literary attempt is
+as follows:
+
+  "Over the whole literature of modern times there is a feeling of
+  reduced inspiration, milder possession, relaxed orgasmus,
+  tabescent vitality, spiritual collapse."--P. 725.
+
+What would the author of the _Spectator_ have thought of a writer who
+could unblushingly parade before the literary public such words as
+"relaxed orgasmus," "tabescent vitality," "monoptotes," &c.?
+
+    J. H. KERSHAW.
+
+_Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest."_--It has been much canvassed, what
+induced Burke to call Junius the "mighty boar of the forest." In the
+thirteenth book of the _Iliad_ I found that Idomeneus, when awaiting the
+attack of �neas, is compared to the "boar of the mountains." I think it
+therefore probable that Burke applied the comparison (quoting, from
+memory) to Junius. Perhaps you will not think this trifle unworthy of a
+place among the "Notes."
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+QUERIES ON TENNYSON.
+
+I should be much obliged to any of your correspondents who would explain
+the following passages of Tennyson:
+
+1. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 361.):
+
+      "God made himself an awful rose of dawn."
+
+2. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 367.):
+
+                        "Behold! it was a crime
+      Of sense avenged by sense that wore with time."
+
+3. _In Memoriam_, p. 127.:
+
+      "Over those ethereal eyes
+      The bar of Michael Angelo."
+
+(Coleridge, _Introduction to Second Lay Sermon_, p. xxvi., says:
+
+  "Whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above
+  the eye-brows, bespoke observation followed by meditative
+  thought:"
+
+but why the allusion to Michael Angelo?)
+
+  [Is our correspondent aware that the "_Bar_ of Michael Angelo" has
+  already formed the subject of a Query from MR. SINGER. See our 2nd
+  Vol., p. 166.]
+
+4. _The Princess_, p. 66.:
+
+      "Dare we dream of that, I ask'd,
+      Which wrought us, as the workman and his work,
+      That practice betters."
+
+"Heir of all the ages." Is this traceable to the following lines of
+Goethe?
+
+      "Mein Verm�chtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit!
+      Die Zeit ist mein Verm�chtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit!"
+
+Is the poem "The Lord of Burleigh" founded on fact or not? In an old
+review of Tennyson in the _Westminster and Foreign Quarterly_, it is
+stated to refer to the "mesalliance of the Marquis of Westminster;" but
+any such notion is denied in the article on "Ballad Poetry" in the last
+number of that journal.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+
+ANCIENT MODES OF HANGING BELLS.
+
+In the Churchwardens' accounts of Ecclesfield parish, the following
+entries occur:--
+
+      "1527. It. paid to James Frodsam for makyng of iiij bell
+                 collers, xiiijd.
+
+      "----. It. paid to Robert Dawyre mendyng a bell
+                 wheyll, iijd.
+
+      "1530. It. for festnynge a gogon in ye belle
+                 yocke, jd."
+
+The foregoing extracts are quoted with a view to ascertaining at how
+early a period the framework, now employed for suspending bells in
+churches, was in use. It would appear that in 1527 the bell-_wheel_ was
+known, and the bell swung on gudgeons ("gogon"), as it does now; but it
+may be doubted whether it was the same full wheel which we have. In a
+paper on Bells, read before the Bristol and West of England
+Architectural Society, Dec. 10, 1849, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, and
+which has since been published in that Society's Report, I observe that
+two interesting plates of the bell-wheels are given: one being the old
+half-wheel, as still to be seen at Dunchideock in Devonshire; and the
+other the present whole wheel, which Mr. Ellacombe considers was a new
+thing in 1677.
+
+Supposing that only the half-wheel was known in 1725, still the leverage
+which it afforded in raising the bell was the same as is given by its
+modern substitute. What then was the still earlier way of obtaining the
+momentum necessary to peal-ringing? A drawing of an ancient campanile
+turret which I have, exhibits a short piece of wood stuck at right
+angles into the beam to which the bell is fastened; and from the end of
+this, the rope depends, and would, of course, when pulled, easily swing
+the bell on its axle.
+
+Observation in old belfries, or illustrations in old books, would
+possibly throw light upon my Query, which is, What were the modes of
+hanging church bells for ringing, prior to the invention of the
+bell-wheel?
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_English Sapphics._--Can any of your readers furnish a list of the best
+specimens of the English sapphic metre in the English language?--Every
+one is familiar with Canning's _Needy Knife Grinder_, in the poetry of
+the _Anti-Jacobin_, but I do not believe Dr. Watts's beautiful sapphic
+lines are as well known as they deserve. I have not a copy of them by
+me, but I give the first stanza from memory:
+
+      "When the fierce North Wind, with his airy forces,
+      Rears up the Baltic to a foaming fury,
+      And the red lightning, with a storm of hail, comes
+                        Rushing amain down."
+
+    FM.
+
+_Equestrian Statues._--I have heard it remarked that, with the solitary
+exception of the Duke of Wellington, there is no instance of an
+equestrian statue being erected to a subject, in Her Majesty's
+dominions. Is this so?
+
+    FM.
+
+_Plays in Churches._--In Cooke's _Leicestershire_ the following is given
+as an extract from the church register of Syston:
+
+  "1602, paid to Lord Morden's players because they should not play
+  in the church, 12d."
+
+Who was this Lord Morden; and did the chartered players claim the right
+of their predecessors, the "moralitie men," to use the church for their
+representations? Was the 12_d._ given as a bribe to the players to
+induce them to forego their claim, or expended in the hire of a place
+more in accordance with the parish authorities' ideas of propriety?
+
+    EMUN.
+
+"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong._"--Where is this oft-quoted
+line to be found, and who is the author of it? It is marked as a
+quotation in Pope's _Dunciad_, book iv.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+_Serius, where situated?_--In requesting the information upon a point in
+geography with which this note concludes, I shall not, I trust, incur
+censure for introducing it by quoting a few of the lines in which the
+poet Vida conveys to parents his advice upon the choice of a master for
+their sons:
+
+      "Interea moniti vos hic audite, parentes,
+      Qu�rendus rector de millibus, eque legendus,
+      Sicubi Musarum studiis insignis et arte,
+      Qui curas dulces, carique parentis amorem
+      Induat, atque velit blandum perferre laborem.
+      * * * * *
+      Ille autem, pueri cui credita cura colendi,
+      Artibus egregiis, in primis optet amari,
+      Atque odium cari super omnia vitet alumni."
+
+I cannot pass unnoticed his counsel to masters:
+
+      "Ponite crudeles iras, et flagra, magistri,
+      Foeda ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis.
+      Ne mihi ne, qu�so, puerum quis verbera cogat
+      Dura pati; neque enim lacrymas, aut dulcis alumni
+      Ferre queunt Mus� gemitus, �gr�que recedunt,
+      Illiusque cadunt animi," &c.
+
+Vida exemplifies the consequences of the furious character and raging
+conduct of a master, in the harsh treatment of his defenceless flock
+(_turba invalida_), in the instance of a lovely boy, who, forgetful of
+fear,
+
+      "Post habuit ludo jussos ediscere versus."
+
+The terror excited by the savage pedagogue throws the poor little fellow
+into a fatal illness:
+
+      "Quo subito terrore puer miserabilis acri
+      Corripitur morbo; parvo is post tempore vitam
+      Crescentem bland� coeli sub luce reliquit.
+      Illum populifer Padus, illum _Serius_ imis
+      _Seriades_que diu Nymph� flevere sub undis."
+
+      _Vid� Poet._, lib, i. 216. &c.
+
+My inquiry is after _Serius Seriades_que Nymph�. Where is the Serius?
+What is the Italian name for this (I presume) tributary of the Po?
+
+    F. W. F.
+
+_Hollander's Austerity, &c._--Will you, or some one of your readers,
+kindly explain the allusions in the following passage?--
+
+  "Mr. Secretary Winwood is dead, whereby you see _Death expects no
+  Complement_, otherwise he would certainly have _kept it at the
+  Staff's End_, with a kind of _Hollander's austerity_." [Sir Th.
+  Wentworth to Sir H. Wotton, Nov. 8. 1617, _Strafford's Letters and
+  Despatches_, vol. i. p. 5.]
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+_Brother Jonathan._--Why is, and when first was, this fraternal cognomen
+bestowed upon the United States of America? Is it strictly applicable to
+the whole of the Union, or only to those states which were settled and
+peopled by the Puritan fathers?
+
+    HENRY CAMPKIN.
+
+_Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney."_--Can any one inform me when,
+and by whom, the ludicrous ballad, entitled the Groves of Blarney, was
+composed, and where it may be found. Everybody knows the lines which
+describe "Cupid and Venus and old Nicodemus, all standing out in the
+open air."
+
+    E. V.
+
+_Carnaby._--What is the derivation and meaning of this word, as the name
+of a square or street?
+
+    ARUN.
+
+_Death of Death's Painter._--Most persons have heard of the story of an
+Italian painter who embodied the idea of Death on the canvass so
+truthfully, that the contemplation of it caused his own death. I always
+thought it was fabulous, till I met with it in the translation of
+Vasari's _Lives of the Painters_, vol. ii. p. 305., now being published
+in Bohn's _Standard Library_. The name of Fivizzano is there given to
+the painter, and the following epigram is said to have been inscribed
+beneath the picture:--
+
+      "Me veram pictor divinus mente recepit.
+        Admota est operi deinde perita manus.
+      Dumque opere in facto defigit lumina pictor,
+        Intentus nimium, palluit et moritur.
+      Viva igitur sum mors, non mortua mortis imago
+        Si fungor, quo mors fungitur officio."
+
+Which may be thus translated:--
+
+      Me with such truth the painter's mind discerned,
+        While with such skilful hand the work he plied,
+      That when to view his finished work he turned,
+        With horror stricken, he grew pale, and died.
+      Sure I am living Death, not Death's dead shade,
+        That do Death's work, and am like Death obeyed.
+
+Can you refer me to any authority for the story?
+
+    J. C. H.
+
+  Finsbury.
+
+_Book Plates._--I have been some years collecting book plates with a
+view latterly of writing _A History of Book Plates_, if I can find time
+to do so. Several years ago, in a paper which was printed in the _Oxford
+Heraldic Society's Report_, I suggested 1700 as their earliest known
+date. I am glad to have an opportunity of mentioning that paper for the
+sake of saying, that I made some mistakes in it. Mr. Burgon on seeing it
+said, in a following report, that he had seen a book plate dated 1698. I
+have since obtained one or two dated in that year. I am anxious to know
+from any of your readers whether they have seen any English book plate
+dated before 1698. I am inclined to think that foreign book plates are
+to be found of an earlier date. I have some, unfortunately not dated,
+which I think are earlier. There is no doubt, however, that in this
+country at least they did not become general till after that date. If I
+live to publish the little work which I meditate, I will give all the
+information which I can produce on the subject.
+
+    DANIEL PARSONS.
+
+_Querelle d'Allemand._--The phrase, "faire une querelle d'Allemand,"
+means, as your readers are aware, to pick a quarrel with a person for
+the mere pleasure of quarrelling: and the earliest instance of its
+application, that occurs to me, will be found in one of Du Vair's
+essays, where speaking of the virtues of some of his predecessors in the
+office of "chancelier", he says:
+
+  "Apr�s avoir longuement et fid�lement servi la patrie, on leur
+  dresse des querelles d'Allemand, et de fausses accusations pour
+  les bannir des affaires."
+
+Is the origin of this expression connected with any particular
+occurrence in history; or has it arisen from any proneness to quarrel,
+which might be said to be inherent in the national character of the
+Germans?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Bassenet of Eaton._--Edward Bassenet, the first married Dean of St.
+Patrick's, Dublin, and who in the words of Swift, "surrendered the
+deanery to that beast Hen. VIII.," was of a family seated at Eaton, in
+Denbighshire. He had four sons, Richard, William, John, and George; on
+whom he settled the Irish property which he acquired at the surrender,
+and probably what he held at Eaton. (See Mason's _St. Patrick's_, p.
+151.)
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me if this family be still in
+existence, and in possession? or if not, how soon it failed? From the
+notices given by Mason, it seems probable that the eldest son died
+without issue; but even this is not certain, and beyond this I have no
+clue.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort._--Can any of your valued
+contributors trace the origin of this ancient fortress, which is
+situated on a peak of the Grampian Hills, seven miles north-east from
+Crieff, immediately above the romantic glen of Almond, so much spoken of
+in Wordsworth's poems as the burial-place of Ossian. The fort has the
+appearance of a large circus ring, around which are scattered the
+remains of this once remarkable stronghold, and which to every
+appearance have been burned to an extensive degree. Tradition assigns it
+to be the spot in which the Caledonians so nobly defended the further
+progress northward of the Romans; and also that it was the custom in
+those days, for the purpose of making their places of defence more
+secure, to build a double wall, in which all manner of combustibles
+were put, which they kindled, and let burn for the space of a few days.
+Being peculiarly attached to this romantic spot, and anxious to have any
+particulars regarding its history, perhaps you would be so kind as give
+it a corner in your valuable "NOTES AND QUERIES;" whereby it may be the
+means of gaining an answer to my Query.
+
+    JAMES C.
+
+_Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical Historian._--The catalogue of the
+Bodleian Library asserts that this author's real name is Hugh Tootle. I
+should like to know the authority for this statement?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington._--If you, or any of your
+correspondents, can inform me when the remaining volume of the new
+edition of Archbishop Ussher's works by Dr. Elrington, is likely to be
+published, I shall esteem it a favour, as I am unable to learn from the
+booksellers.
+
+    C. PAINE, Jun.
+
+_Family of Etty the Artist._--In the _Diary_ of Ralph Thoresby, F. R.
+S., 1702, vol. i. p. 366., occurs the following passage:--
+
+  "Evening sat up too late with a parcel of artists I had got on my
+  hands; Mr. Gyles, the famousest painter of glass perhaps in the
+  world, and his nephew, Mr. Smith, the bell-founder (from whom I
+  received the ringing or gingling spur, and that most remarkable,
+  with a neck six inches and a half long); Mr. Carpenter the
+  statuary, and Mr. Etty the painter, with whose father, Mr. Etty,
+  senr, the architect, the most celebrated Grinlin Gibbons wrought
+  at York, but whether apprenticed with him or not I remember not
+  well. Sate up full late with them."
+
+Thoresby at this time was at York. Were these Ettys ancestors of the
+late William Etty? In the "Autobiography" published in the _Art
+Journal_, it is stated that his father was a miller at York, but the
+account goes no farther back. It would be interesting to ascertain how
+far this was a case of hereditary genius. Is anything known of the "Etty
+the Painter," and "Etty, Sen., the architect," to whom Thoresby alludes?
+and are any of their works extant?
+
+    G. J. DE WILDE.
+
+_St. Hibbald._--Who was St. Hibbald, and where is some account of him to
+be found? He is reported to have been buried at Hibbaldstowe, near
+Kirton, in Lindsey.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"_--I have heard some wild guesses on
+this subject; the most preposterous, perhaps, being that which would
+connect the term with gooseberry _food_.
+
+Has not the French word _fouler_, "to press," or "squeeze," something to
+do with the matter?
+
+    T. J. T.
+
+  Cheltenham, May 6. 1851.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find ample confirmation of the accuracy of
+  his derivation in Tarver's _Phraseological Dictionary_, where,
+  under _Fouler_, he will find the examples, "_Fouler des pommes, du
+  raisin_, to press, to crush, to squeeze apples, grapes."]
+
+_Biography of Bishop Hurd._--The longest biographical sketch I remember
+to have seen of the late Bishop Hurd, the friend and biographer of
+Bishop Warburton, was in a work called the _Ecclesiastical Register_, or
+some such name, I suppose of the date of 1809 or thereabouts. Can any
+correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" direct me to the precise title and
+date of the work, or point out any better sketch of the Bishop's life?
+
+    F. K.
+
+  [In the collected Works of Bishop Hurd, 8 vols. 8vo., edit. 1811,
+  will be found an autobiographical sketch of the Bishop, entitled
+  "Some Occurrences in my Life," discovered among his papers after
+  his decease. Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
+  Century_, vol. vi. pp. 468-512., contains a long and interesting
+  account of the Bishop. See also the _Annual Register_, vol. 1. p.
+  155.]
+
+_Friday, why considered unlucky._--Can any of your readers tell me why
+Friday is considered an unlucky day?
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  [There is no doubt the belief of Friday being an unlucky day
+  originated in its being the day of the Crucifixion. A very early
+  allusion to this superstition, and which has not we believe been
+  recorded by Brande, will be found in Geoffrey de Vinsauf's "Lament
+  for Richard Coeur de Lion," who was killed on a Friday:
+
+      "O Veneris lacrymosa dies, O sidus amarum!
+      Illa dies tua nox fuit, et Venus illa venenum."
+
+   It is to this passage Chaucer refers in his _Nonnes_ Preeste's
+   Tale, v. 15, 353., _et seq._, when he says:
+
+      "O Gaufride, dere maister soverain,
+      That, whan thy worthy King Richard was slain
+      With shot, complainedest his deth so sore,
+      Why ne had I now thy science and thy lore,
+      The Friday for to chiden, as did ye?
+      For on a Friday sothly slain was he."]
+
+_The Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor._--Can any of your contributors
+inform me whether the prefix "Right Honourable" is accorded to the title
+of the Lord Mayor of London as a mere matter of courtesy, or whether our
+Chief Magistrate is for the time being _ex officio_ a Privy Councillor,
+and consequently "Right Honourable?"
+
+If any authority for either position can be cited, so much the more
+satisfactory.
+
+    LEGALIS.
+
+  [The Lord Mayor is never sworn as a Privy Councillor; but on the
+  demise of the Crown attends the meeting, of the Privy Council held
+  on such occasion, and signs the proclamation of the new Sovereign.
+  On the accession of William IV., some objection was, we believe,
+  made to the admission of the Lord Mayor into the Council Chamber,
+  which was, however, abandoned on an intimation that if the Lord
+  Mayor was not admitted, he would retire, accompanied by his
+  officers and the aldermen who were present.]
+
+_Alterius Orbis Papa._--In the Bishop of Exeter's celebrated _Pastoral
+Letter_, p. 44., the Archbishop of Canterbury is styled--
+
+  "The second spiritual chief of Christendom, _alterius orbis
+  Papa_."
+
+In conversation a few days since I heard these expressions objected to,
+when a gentleman present observed that the title "Alterius orbis Papa"
+was conferred by the Bishop of Rome, or Pope of Christendom, on his
+confr�re of Canterbury, at a very early period. His memory did not
+furnish him with the precise date, but he was convinced that such was
+the fact as reported in Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, and seemed
+inclined to refer it to a period not long subsequent to the mission of
+Augustine.
+
+Is such the fact? or, if not, to whom may the words be ascribed?
+
+    A. B.
+
+  Redland, June 5.
+
+  [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p.
+  40., speaking of Wolsey's attempt to gain the popedom, says, "His
+  aim was the chair of St. Peter, and to the attainment of his
+  wishes he rendered subservient both the alliances and the enmities
+  of his own country. At home, even the papacy could confer on him
+  no accession of power: he was indeed _papa alterius orbis_."]
+
+_Mrs. Elstob._--Mrs. Elstob, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, is stated by a
+recent reviewer to have passed the period of her seclusion in a village
+in Wiltshire, until taken notice of by a neighbouring clergyman. What
+village was this, and who was the clergyman? for other authorities place
+her at Evesham in Worcestershire.
+
+    J. W.
+
+  [We are inclined to think that _Wiltshire_ must be a misprint for
+  _Worcestershire_ in the Review, as the notices of Miss Elstob in
+  Kippis' _Biographia Britannica_, and Nichols' _Anecdotes of
+  Bowyer_, only speak of her retirement in distressed circumstances
+  to Evesham, where she attracted the notice of Mr. Ballard, author
+  of _Memoirs of British Ladies_, and of Mrs. Capon, wife of the
+  Rev. Mr. Capon, of Stanton, in Gloucestershire.]
+
+_Cardinal Bellarmin._--I find the following passage in D'Israeli's
+_Curiosities of Literature_:--
+
+  "Bellarmin was made a Cardinal for his efforts and devotion to the
+  Papal cause, and maintaining this monstrous paradox--that if the
+  Pope forbid the exercise of virtue and command that of vice, the
+  Roman Church, under pain of sin, was obliged to abandon virtue for
+  vice, if it would not sin against conscience."
+
+Can any of your readers favour me with the text in Bellarmin, which
+contains this "monstrous paradox?"
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+  [The passage will be found in _Disputationum Roberti Bellarmini,
+  de Controversiis Christian� Fidei: De Summo Pontifice_, lib. iv.
+  cap. v. sect. 8.: Prag�, 1721, fol., vol. i. p. 456.:
+
+  "8. Secund�, quia tunc necessari� erraret, etiam circa fidem. Nam
+  fides Catholica docet, omnem virtutem esse bonam, omne vitium esse
+  malum: si autem Papa erraret pr�cipiendo vitia, vel prohibendo
+  virtutes, teneretur Ecclesia credere, vitia esse bona, et virtutes
+  malas, nisi vellet contra conscientiam peccare. Tenetur enim in
+  rebus dubiis Ecclesia acquiescere judicio summi Pontificis, et
+  facere quod ille pr�cipit; non facere, quod ille prohibet; ac n�
+  fort� contra conscientiam agat, tenetur credere bonum esse, quod
+  ille pr�cipit: malum, quod ille prohibet."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "CAPTIOUS" AND "INTENIBLE." SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL
+LATIN."
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. 65.)
+
+This is another discussion in which Shakspeare's love of antithesis has
+not been sufficiently recognised.
+
+The contrast in this case is in the ideas--ever receiving, never
+retaining: an allusion to the hopeless punishment of the Dana�des, so
+beautifully appropriate, so unmistakeably apparent, and so well
+supported in the context, that I should think it unnecessary to offer a
+comment upon it had the question been raised by a critic less
+distinguished than Mr. Singer; or if I did not fancy that I perceive the
+origin of what I believe to be his mistake, in the misreading of another
+line, the last in his quotation.
+
+The hopelessness of Helena's love is cheerfully endured; she glories in
+it:
+
+      "I know I love in vain--strive against hope--
+      Yet still outpour the waters of my love,
+      And lack not to lose still."
+
+This last line Mr. Singer reads, "and fail not to lose still;" but
+surely _that_ is not Helena's meaning? She means that her spring of love
+is inexhaustible; that, notwithstanding the constant, hopeless waste,
+there lacks not (a supply) "to lose still!"
+
+Johnson was one of those commentators enumerated by Mr. Singer, of whom
+he observes, as a matter of surprise, "that none of them should have
+remarked that the sense of the Latin 'captiosus,' and of its congeners
+in Italian and French, is deceitful, fallacious;" "and," he adds, "Bacon
+uses the word for 'insidious,' 'ensnaring.'" But surely Johnson the
+commentator was no other than Johnson the lexicographer; and yet, for
+these precise definitions of "captious," which J. S. W. thinks "_too
+refined and recondite_" for Shakspeare's "small Latin," we need apply to
+no higher source than to that familiar household companion--_Johnson's
+Dictionary_, wherein is anticipated the citation of Bacon, and even of
+the French word "captieux."
+
+It could not therefore be from ignorance that Johnson failed to propose
+this recondite sense, but from a conviction that it would not represent
+the true meaning of Shakspeare.
+
+It will be perceived that, in appreciation of "captious," I side with
+Steevens, Malone, Knight, Collier, and even with J.S.W.; in whom,
+however, with his irreverent allusion to "_a man_ who had small Latin,"
+I can recognise no true worshipper of Shakspeare.
+
+Why should Shakspeare be constantly twitted with this "small Latin," as
+if the "_school-like gloss_" of a hundred Porsons could add one
+scintilla to the glory of his name? His was the universal language of
+nature; and well does Mr. Singer remark that "We all know, by intuition
+as it were, what Shakspeare meant." It is true that we discuss his mere
+words in the endeavour to school our understandings to HIS level; but
+he, hedged by the divinity of immeasurable genius, must, himself, be
+sacred;--to attempt to measure his attainments by our finite estimation,
+is indeed sacrilege!
+
+In retailing Ben Jonson's unluckily chosen expression, J.S.W. does not
+seem to be aware that it has been doubted, and ably doubted, by Mr.
+Knight, in his _History of Opinion_, that Jonson himself used it by any
+means in the pedagogue sense usually adopted. And it does seem scarcely
+credible that Jonson would give utterance to a puff so miserably
+threadbare, so absurd too on the very face of it; for in what possible
+way could an alleged deficiency of Greek and Latin _in Shakspeare_,
+affect a comparison, _made by Jonson_, between Shakspeare and the poets
+of Greece and Rome? As well might it be said that ignorance of the Greek
+language, in Napoleon Buonaparte, would prevent a parallel between him
+and Alexander the Great! What if Ben Jonson meant his fifth line to
+continue the supposition of the first?--"_though_" is a word which has a
+hypothetical, as well as an admissive meaning; and there is no
+difficulty in reading his lines in this way:
+
+  "_If_ I thought my judgment were of yours, and _though_ thy
+  learning were less; still I would not seek to compare thee with
+  modern men, but call forth thundering Eschylus," &c.
+
+But I should like to ask J. S. W., as the nearest example from the same
+play, which does he really think would require the _larger_ Latin,--to
+discover the trite and only meaning of "captiosus," or to use _triple_
+in the sense conferred upon it in Helena's description, to the King, of
+her father's legacy? We have not at present in the English language any
+equivalent for that word as Shakspeare used it, and of which he has left
+us another example in _Antony and Cleopatra_, where the triumvir is
+called "the triple pillar of the world." We have failed to take
+advantage of the lesson given us by our great master, and consequently
+our language is deprived of what would have been a most convenient
+acquisition.
+
+It is true that Johnson gives a definition of "triple," in reference to
+its application to Antony, viz., "consisting of three conjoined;" but
+that meaning, however it might be applicable to the triumvirate
+collectively, is certainly not so to the members individually. To meet
+Shakspeare's use of the word, the definition must be extended to
+"consisting of, _or belonging to_, three conjoined:" a sense in which
+"triplex" was undoubtedly used by the Latins. Ovid would call the
+triumvirate "viri triplices," and of course each one must be "vir
+triplex;" but perhaps the clearest instance of the triune application is
+where he addresses the Fates (in _Ibin._ 76.) as spinning out "triplici
+pollice" (with triple thumb) the allotted task. Now as only one of the
+sisters held the thread, there could be but one individual thumb engaged
+(although with a sort of reflective ownership to all three); and there
+can be no question that Ovid would apply the same term to the shears of
+Atropos, or the distaff of Clotho.
+
+Here, then, is a _really recondite_ meaning, fairly traced to
+Shakspeare's own reading; for had he borrowed it from any one else, some
+trace of it would be found, and Warburton need not have stultified
+himself by his sapient note--"IMPROPERLY USED FOR THIRD!"
+
+But to return to "captious," there is, after all, no such great
+difference whether it be one's goods, or one's wits, that are taken
+possession of; or whether the capture be effected by avidity or fraud;
+both meanings unite in our own word "caption:" and there seems no good
+reason why "captious" should not derive from "caption," as readily as
+"cautious" from "caution." It is for the antithesis I contend, as a key
+to the true sense intended by Shakspeare: the whole play is full of
+antitheses, uttered especially by Helena;--and certainly, if we
+recognise the allusion to the Dana�des (as who will not?), we cannot,
+without depriving it of half its force and beauty, receive "captious" in
+the sense of "deceptious." The Dana�des _were not_ deceived--the essence
+of their punishment was utter absence of hope; Tantalus _was_
+deceived--the essence of _his_ punishment was hope ever recurring.
+
+With respect to the suggestion of "capacious" by W.F.S. (p. 229.), he
+could not have read Mr. Singer's paper with attention, or he would have
+perceived that he had been anticipated by Farmer, who, by elision, had
+obviated the metrical objection of J.S.W. (p. 430.). But the meaning of
+"capacious" is "capable of containing," and, as such, it would be more
+than antithetical, it would be contradictory, to "intenible." If
+_capacious_ be consistent with _leaky_, then the "uxor secreti capax"
+must have been rather an unsafe confidante.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June 5. 1851.
+
+
+EARTH THROWN UPON THE COFFIN.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 408.)
+
+The origin of this ceremony must undoubtedly be sought in man's natural
+desire to cover a dead body from the public view. The casting a handful
+of soil on the coffin is emblematic of the complete inhumation. The most
+ancient writings have allusions to the shamefulness of a corpse lying
+uninterred. Being thrown outside the walls of Jerusalem, with the burial
+of an ass (Jeremiah xxii. 19.), was regarded as the worst possible fate.
+
+Wheatly's observations upon this point, in his annotations on the burial
+service in the Prayer Book, are as follows:
+
+  "The casting earth upon the body was esteemed an act of piety by
+  the very heathens (�lian, _Var. Hist._, l. v. c. 14.), insomuch
+  that to find a body unburied, and leave it uncovered, was judged
+  amongst them a great crime (Hor. l. i. od. 28. v. 36.). In the
+  Greek Church this has been accounted so essential to the
+  solemnity, that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself
+  (Goar, _Eucholog. Offic. Exeq._, p. 538.); and the same was
+  enjoined by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of King
+  Edward VI.: '_Then the priest casting earth upon the corpse_,' &c.
+  But in our present Liturgy (as altered in Queen Elizabeth's reign,
+  1559), it is only ordered that it '_shall be cast upon the body by
+  some standing by_:' and so it is generally left to one of the
+  bearers, or sexton, who, according to Horace's description
+  (_injecto ter pulvere_, vid. supra), gives three casts of earth
+  upon the body or coffin, whilst the priest pronounces the solemn
+  form which explains the ceremony, viz. '_earth to earth, ashes to
+  ashes, dust to dust._'"
+
+The note in Horace upon the three words above quoted is very much to the
+point:
+
+  "_In sacris hoc genus sepultur� tradebatur, ut si non obrueretur,
+  manu ter jacta terra, cadaveri pro sepultura esset._" (Vet.
+  Schol.)
+
+The ancients thought that the spirit of an unburied corpse could not
+reach the Elysian fields, but wandered disconsolate by the Styx, until
+some pious hand paid the customary funeral rites. See the case of
+Patroclus (_Iliad_, xxiii. 70, et seq.). To lay the unquiet ghost, a
+handful of earth on the bodily remains would suffice:
+
+      "_Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescent._"
+
+The indignity of a public execution is much aggravated by allowing the
+body of the criminal to remain exposed, as in the case of the five sons
+of Saul whose corpses were guarded by Rizpah (2 Sam. xxi.); and in our
+own recent custom of ordering pirates and the worst kind of murderers,
+to be gibbeted in chains, as a monumental warning.
+
+Three or four summers ago I buried an Irish reaper, who had suddenly
+died in the harvest-fields. About half a dozen fellow-labourers, Irish
+and Roman Catholics like himself, bore him to the grave. At the words
+_earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust_, they threw in handfuls
+of soil; and, as soon as the service was over, they filled up the grave
+with spades which they had brought for the purpose. No doubt, there was
+religious prejudice in all this; but their behaviour was most reverent,
+and what they did seemed to arise from the generous _instinct to cover
+the dead body_ of a comrade.
+
+    Alfred Gatty.
+
+_Wheatly on the Common Prayer_ (ch. xii. �5.) derives this custom from
+the ancients, and adds that--
+
+  "In the Greek Church, the casting earth upon the body has been
+  accounted so essential to the solemnity, that it is ordered to be
+  done by the priest himself. And the same was enjoined by our own
+  rubric in the first Common Prayer of King Edward VI."
+
+For the Greek Church Wheatly refers to Goar _Rituale Gr�corum_, p. 538.
+The passage, which I transcribe from Goar, runs as follows:--
+
+  "Et cadaver in monumento deponitur. Sacerdos vero terram batillo
+  tollens superinjecit cadaveri, dicens, 'Domini est terra et
+  plenitudo ejus: orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.' His
+  peractis cadaveri superinfundunt lampadis oleum, aut e thuribulo
+  cinerem. Atque ita ut moris est, sepulchrum operiunt dum dicuntur
+  moduli," &c.
+
+The following reference may also be added, Goar, 556., "Officium funeris
+monachorum," where the earth is directed to be thrown "in crucis modum."
+
+    N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+
+ON THE WORD "PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 401.)
+
+"The first folio," says Dr. Johnson, "has in both places _prenzie_, from
+which the other folios made _princely_, and every editor may make what
+he can." It will not be difficult, I conceive, to find out what sense
+Shakspeare meant to convey by this word, and to show that what he meant
+he has expressed with sufficient accuracy, though his meaning was soon
+after misunderstood. Our language owes much of its wealth of words to
+the talent which our great poet possessed for coining them--a talent
+which he exercised with marvelous tact: and if now and then some of them
+failed for want of being properly printed, we may rather wonder that so
+many obtained currency, than that a few ceased to circulate soon after
+they were first introduced.
+
+The idea intended to be conveyed by the word _prenzie_, is that which
+is expressed in the following passages:
+
+      "All this I speak _in print_; for _in print_ I found it."
+              _Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act II. Sc. I.
+
+             "I will do it, Sir, _in print_."
+                _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act III. Sc. I.
+
+on which Steevens remarks:
+
+   "_In print_ means _with Exactness_--with the _utmost Nicety_."
+
+He supports this meaning by quotations from other dramatic writers of
+the same age:
+
+  "Not a hair about his Bulk, but it stands _in print_." (1605)
+
+  "I am sure my husband is a Man _in print_, in all things else."
+  (1635.)
+
+When, therefore, Claudio, who, as your correspondent LEGES observes, is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
+
+      "The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
+
+he means the same as if he had said:
+
+      "What! that Man _in print_?"
+      "The _printsy_ Angelo?"
+
+But _prenzie_ is a term applied to _apparel_ as well us to _character_;
+and how does this accord with the interpretation here given?
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _prenzie_ guards!"
+
+Here again we are supplied by Steevens with apt quotations in
+illustration from other writers of the same age:
+
+      "Next, your Ruff must stand _in print_." (1602.)
+
+and
+
+      "This Doublet sits _in print_, my Lord!" (1612.)
+
+  "In _printsy_ guards" means the same, therefore, as "Guards _in
+  print_," or, _robes_ put on "with _exactness_--with the _utmost
+  nicety_."
+
+_Printsy_ is a word of the same formation with _tricksy_; and the
+phrase, "The _printsy_ Angelo!" is as good English as "My _tricksy_
+Ariel!" It was probably pronounced _prentsy_ (_prenzie_) in the time of
+Shakspeare; the word _print_ being derived from _empreinte_. Sir W.
+Scott speaks of "a _prent_ book," for a printed book. _Besprent_ is the
+participle of _besprinkle_. Of similar formation with _printsy_ and
+_tricksy_, are _linsy_, _woolsy_, and _frowsy_; but as all these
+adjectives, except the first, are derived from nouns representing
+natural or familiar things, while _printsy_ is founded on a word having
+no connexion with any obvious idea, it is probable that this difference
+may account for the fact that _printsy_ so early fell into disuse, while
+the rest were retained without difficulty.
+
+By the word _printsy_, those four conditions are fulfilled for which
+your correspondent so properly contends:--1. the word is "suitable to
+the reputed character of Angelo." 2. It is "an appropriate epithet to
+the word _guards_." 3. It supplies "the proper metre in both places." 4.
+It is "similar in appearance to the word _prenzie_."
+
+No other word has been produced which so fully represents the formality
+and hypocrisy of Angelo, as described in the quotations so conveniently
+brought into one view by your correspondent, though one of the epithets
+made use of comes very near the mark: "Lord Angelo is _precise_!"
+
+    JOHN TAYLOR.
+
+
+ZACHARIE BOYD.
+
+(Vol. i., pp. 298. 372. 406.)
+
+I would refer your correspondents H. B., H. I. (p. 372.), and
+PHILOBODIUS and MR. JERDAN (p. 406.), to the following volumes: _The
+Last Battle of the Soule in Death_, by Mr. Zacharie Boyd, Preacher of
+God's Word in Glasgow, edited by Gabriel Neil, Glasgow, 1831; McUre's
+_History of Glasgow, with Appendix_, Glasgow, 1830.
+
+As the first of these vols. is now very scarce (a limited number being
+printed by subscription), the following extracts may be interesting to
+some of your readers, and at the same time correct some errors of our
+correspondents:--
+
+  "Mr. Zacharie Boyd was descended from the family of the Boyds of
+  Pinkill (Carrick, Ayrshire). He was cousin to Mr. Robert Boyd, of
+  Trochrigg, who was appointed Principal of the University of
+  Glasgow in 1615. The date of his birth is not exactly known; some
+  time previous to 1590. He received his education at the school of
+  Kilmarnock. The first notice we have of him is in a letter to
+  Principal Boyd, from David Boyd, in 1605, wherein he says, '_There
+  is a friend of yours, Zacharie Boyd, who will pass his course at
+  the colledge within two years._' After having finished his course
+  at the University of Glasgow, he studied at the College of Saumur,
+  in France, under his relation, Robert Boyd: he returned to his
+  native county in 1621. In 1623 he was ordained Minister of the
+  Barony Parish of Glasgow, in which situation he continued till his
+  death in 1653-1654."
+
+Mr. Zacharie Boyd was never Principal or a Professor in Glasgow College:
+the only office he ever held in the college was that of Lord Rector (an
+honorary office annually elected), which he held in the years 1634,
+1635, 1645. He was a great benefactor to the college, to which he left
+20,000_l_. Scots, for buildings and bursaries.
+
+The crypt below Glasgow Cathedral, called St. Mungo's Crypt, was the
+barony church in Zacharie's time, and where he preached; it is this same
+place which Sir Walter Scott so well describes in _Rob Roy_ (vol. ii.
+chap. 3., edition in 48 vols.), where Francis Osbaldistone heard sermon.
+Z. Boyd was, both in prose and verse, a very voluminous writer; his
+works, however, are chiefly in MS. in the library of Glasgow College.
+
+In addition to editing _The Last Battle_, Mr. Neil has examined the
+"Poetical Works" in MS.; and has given a summary of the whole in the
+Appendix to the _Biographical Sketch_; and has printed for the first
+time upwards of 3000 lines from the poetical MSS.
+
+With regard to Mr. Boyd's poetry, the following account from Neil's
+_Biographical Sketch_ may be accounted satisfactory, with reference to
+the lines often quoted as from Zacharie Boyd's Bible:
+
+  "The work, however, which has given the greatest public notoriety
+  to his name as a poetical writer, is that generally called
+  'Zacharie Boyd's Bible,' said to be a metrical version of the
+  whole Scriptures--an arduous task indeed, if ever he contemplated
+  the undertaking. But such a book as this has existed only in name,
+  not in reality; _at least, it is nowhere to be found among his
+  works_. The only one approaching to it is a metrical version of
+  the 'Four Evangels,' which proceeds through the Gospels of the New
+  Testament by chapter and verse.... And, among other works, he
+  produced two volumes under the title of '_Zion's Flowers_,' _and
+  it is these_ which are usually shown as his Bible, and have
+  received that designation. These volumes consist of a collection
+  of Poems from select subjects in Scripture History, such as Jonah,
+  Jephtha, David and Goliath, &c., &c., rendered into the dramatic
+  form, in which various 'Speakers' are introduced, and where the
+  prominent parts of the Scripture narrative are brought forward and
+  amplified. We have a pretty close parallel to these in the
+  'Ancient Mysteries' of the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries, and
+  in the Sacred Dramas of more modern writers.
+
+  "It is from this work, _Zion's Flowers_, that the various
+  quotations which have occasioned so much mirth to the public are
+  said to have been made, _but not one of these which are in
+  circulation_ are to be found there: the only '_genuine extract_
+  from these MSS. is that printed by Pennant.'"--_Biog. Sketch_, p.
+  14. _et seq._
+
+The "genuine extract" will be found in Pennant's _Tour in Scotland_,
+vol. ii. p. 156.
+
+PHILOBODIUS, "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 406., will find the four
+lines he quotes given differently there.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+P.S. To show the extent of Mr. Boyd's _poetical perseverance_, I subjoin
+a note of the contents of one of his poetical MSS.:--the _Flowers of
+Zion_, generally called Zacharie Boyd's Bible.
+
+      David and Goliath contains about            850 lines.
+      Historie of Jonah                          1130  "
+      ---- of Samson                             2100  "
+      ---- of Jephtha                             720  "
+      The Flood of Noah                           860  "
+      The Tower of Babylon                        930  "
+      The Destruction of Sodom                   2000  "
+      Abram commanded to sacrifice Isaac          840  "
+      Historie of the Baptist                     800  "
+      The Fall of Adam                            900  "
+      Abel murdered                               900  "
+      Pharaoh's Tyranny and Death                2480  "
+      Historie of Jacob and Esau                  750  "
+      ---- of Jacob and Laban                    1400  "
+      Jacob and Esau reconciled                   720  "
+      Dinah ravished by Shechem                   440  "
+      Joseph and his Brethren       }            1615  "
+      Joseph tempted to Adultery    }
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Fierie Furnace            3280  "
+
+Also at the end--
+
+      The World's Vanities (Divided into 8 Branches:--1st. Strength,
+      2nd. Honour, 3rd. Riches, 4th. Beautie, 5th. Pleasure, 6th.
+      Wisdom, 7th. Children, 8th. Long Life) contains about 550
+      lines.
+
+      The Popish Powder Plot (The Speakers--Christ--King
+      James--Elizabeth--Peeres of England--The Lords appointed to
+      trye the Traitors--The Earls of Nottingham, Suffolke, the Lord
+      Monteagle--The Sherriffe of Worcester--The Devill--the Jesuit
+      Gerrard--Robert Catesby--Thomas Percy, Guy Faux, &c. &c. &c.)
+      contains about 1560 lines.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Death, how symbolised_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--I beg to inform your
+correspondent S. T. D., that in an old 4to. volume in my possession,
+which treats principally of the topic about which he is inquiring, there
+are several engravings of Death as a skeleton. In one he is armed with a
+bow and arrow, an axe, and a scythe notched as a saw. In another he has
+an axe only: while in a third, in which he is announcing his dissolution
+to a man on his deathbed, he has a spade in his left hand, while with
+his right he points upwards; and on his head is a wreath of thorns with
+flowers standing up out of it. I do not know whether the book is a rare
+one or not. It is in black letter, and at the end is the date 1515. The
+title, which is a woodcut, rather curious, is--_Sermones Johannis
+Geilerii Keiserspergii, &c., &c._ There are also six other woodcuts,
+after the manner of Albert Durer, very quaint and curious. The volume is
+in its original vellum, over oak boards, finely tooled, and has once
+been bound at the corners and clasped with metal. In MS. on the top of
+the title are the words "Monast. S. Udalrici Aug'�." Though in very good
+condition, the black-letter type is so curiously crabbed and abbreviated
+that I have not had time to do more than ascertain that it seems a very
+singular and a learned work.
+
+    H. C. H.
+
+  Rectory, Hereford, June 8. 1851.
+
+  [The author of the curious work in the possession of our
+  correspondent is John Geiler, called also Gayler, Keiserspergius,
+  an eminent Swiss divine, who was born in 1445, and died in 1510.
+  His works in German and Latin are books of rare occurrence, and
+  consist principally of Sermons. Oberlin published in 1786 a
+  curious life of Geiler. For the titles of his various works,
+  consult Panzer's _Annales Typographici_, vol. vi.]
+
+_Death_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--Has S. T. D. consulted the excellent
+treatise of Lessing, "Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet?" It is illustrated
+with many engravings. (See Lessing's _S�mmtliche Schriften_, 1839, vol.
+viii.)
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+  Oxford, Whit-Monday.
+
+_A Kemble Pipe_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--If DR. RIMBAULT will turn to vol.
+i., p. 10. of Campbell's _Life of Mrs. Siddons_, he will find that the
+Kemble of smoking notoriety alluded to in the proverb, met his fate at a
+date long subsequent to the Marian persecution. He was apprehended on a
+charge of implication in Titus Oates's plot, and executed at Hereford,
+August 2d, 1679, being one of the last persons who suffered death for
+their religious opinions in England. He was hung, not burnt, and his
+hand is still preserved in the Reliquary of the Roman Catholic Chapel at
+Worcester. "On his way to execution," says Mr. Campbell,
+
+  "He smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that
+  county it was long usual to call the last pipe that was smoked in
+  a social company, a Kemble's pipe."
+
+    SPERIEND.
+
+_Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus_ (Vol. i., p. 385.).--Your
+correspondent JARLTZBERG may find a copy of the _Wyngaert_ in the
+library of the _Maatschappij van Letterkunde_ (Lit. Soc.) in Leyden, and
+may read an account of the work in vol. ii. pp. 151, 152. of the
+_Society's Transactions_. The copy in my possession is entitled _Den
+Wyngaert van Sinte Franciscus vol_ [not _van_] _schoone historien,
+legenden en deuchdelycke leeringhen allen menschen seer profytelyck_.
+Like most of the works issued from the press of Eckert van Hombach, it
+is well printed on good paper; the leaves (not the _pages_) are numbered
+up to 418, and besides there are six leaves without pagination for the
+index, as well as three for the prologue, in which we learn why the work
+was called _Wyngaert_. All the copies I have met with bear the date
+1518, though in Hultman's _Catalogue_, p. 20. No. 92., we find 1578,
+probably an error of the printer. In J. Koning's _Catalogue_, 1833, p.
+17. No. 59., we are referred to Bauer, _Bibl. libr. rar._, vol. iv. p.
+301.; and to the _Catalogue raisonn�_ de Crevenna, vol. v. p. 85., where
+we read:
+
+  "Ce volume contient les vies des Saints de l'ordre de St.
+  Franciscus, pr�c�d�es de celle de son instituteur, _et n'est point
+  une traduction_ du Livre des Conformit�s (_Liber Conformitatum_),
+  quoiqu'il est probable qu'on ait pris beaucoup de ce livre."
+
+Van Bleyswijk, in his _Description of Delft_, vol. i. p. 339., says,--
+
+  "The Franciscans bought up the work, in order to suppress and
+  destroy it: it is therefore no wonder that copies of it are
+  scarce."
+
+Unless you read it, says Professor Ackersdijck, in his _Archief voor
+Kerk. Gesch._, you will hardly conceive it possible for any one to write
+such a mass of folly and absurdity.
+
+    V. D. N.
+
+  NAVORSCHER, p. 179. June, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--The following anecdote, as
+characteristic of the individual as illustrative of the above Query, may
+perhaps be considered deserving a corner in your Journal:--
+
+  "A well-meaning friend calling one morning on Richard B. Sheridan,
+  wound up a rather prosy exordium on the propriety of domestic
+  economy, by expressing a hope, that the pressure of some
+  difficulties from which he had been temporarily removed, would
+  induce a more cautious arrangement in future.
+
+  "Sheridan listened with great gravity, and thanking his visitor,
+  assured him that he never felt so happy, as all his affairs were
+  now proceeding with the _regularity of clockwork_, adding (with a
+  roguish twinkle of the eye, and giving his arm the oscillating
+  motion of a pendulum), 'Tick, tick, tick!' It is needless to add,
+  the Mentor took a hasty leave of his witty but incorrigible
+  companion."
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+_Spelling of Britannia, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 275. 463.).--I believe that
+there is no mistake as supposed in the inscription on the Geo. III.
+shilling. The double "T" is expressive of the plural "Britt." for
+"Britanniarum". Have we not many similar instances, _e. g._ "codd." for
+"codices," "libb." for "libri;" or, one of every-day occurrence, "pp."
+for "pages?"
+
+    W. M. N.
+
+_Fossil Elk of Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., pp. 26. 121.
+212.).--W. R. C. (a Subscriber) will find some very interesting accounts
+of this creature in Boate and Molyneux's _Natural History of Ireland_,
+p. 137.; and in an excellent paper by Dr. Cane, in the _Transactions of
+the Kilkenny Arch�ological Society for the Year 1850_, where several
+works containing accounts of the animal are referred to. An interesting
+memoir by Dr. Hibbert on the discovery of the _Megaceros Hibernicus_, or
+fossil elk, in the Isle of Man, will be found in the fifth number of the
+_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, published in 1826.[1]
+
+  [Footnote 1: _Errata._--Query, should not the word "Rochenon," in
+  Vol. i., p. 380. col. 1., be "Rosbercon?" and should not "D. H.
+  MCarthy," in Vol. ii., p. 348. col. 1., be "D. F. MCarthy"
+  (Denis Florence MCarthy)? Such errors, however trifling they may
+  now appear, may hereafter confuse.]
+
+    R. H.
+
+_"In Time the Bull," &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 388.).--The quotation--
+
+      "In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke,"
+
+seems to be from Ovid, _Tristia_, iv. 6. 1.:
+
+      "Tempore ruricol� patiens fit taurus aratri;"
+
+or _Ar. Am._ i. 471.:
+
+      "Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra juvenci."
+
+    P. J. F. G.
+
+  Cambridge, May 22. 1851.
+
+  [N. B., E. C. H., and several other correspondents, have furnished
+  similar references to Ovid.]
+
+_Baldrock_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435.).--MR. CHADWICK'S quotations on
+this word are very opportune, and useful by way of illustration, and for
+elucidating the meaning of the word.
+
+I will endeavour to explain this part of bell gear, and the purpose for
+which it was used.
+
+_Baldrock_ (_sic_) is probably the patois of a locality for _bawdrick_,
+which means a belt, or the leather strap and other appurtenances of the
+upper part of the clapper, by which it was suspended from the crown
+staple. In old _black-letter_ bells (if one may use the term) the upper
+part of the clapper was shaped like a stirrup, through which a strap of
+stout leather, often doubled, was passed; but between this and the
+staple a piece of hard wood of like width was inserted, and fitted to
+work on the round part of the crown staple. Through this leather and
+wood an iron pin was passed; and all was fastened together, and kept
+stiff in place, by a curiously cut piece of tough wood, called a
+_busk-board_, one end of which was tied round the stem of the clapper. I
+have seen many such. There was one at Swanswich next Bath: but without a
+sketch it is difficult to explain. I will enclose a sketch, to be used
+at the Editor's discretion.
+
+A few years ago, I made the following extracts from the very interesting
+accounts of the churchwardens (guardians) of St. Edmund's, Sarum. I have
+no doubt that similar entries may be found in all such old accounts, and
+I hope these may induce other gentlemen to inquire for them.
+Unfortunately I did not copy the _sums_ paid.
+
+   "1591. Layd out for a Bawdrope for the Great Bell, 5_s._
+
+   For grafting of Bawdropes & finding Leather.
+
+   Making of a '_pinn_' for the fourth Bell Bawdrope.
+
+   1588. Paide for Lether to mend the Bawdricke.
+
+   1572. Payd for a Bald Rybbe for the fourth Bell. (It occurs again
+   for other bells.)
+
+   1552. Mendinge off the Bawdrycke off the greatt Bell.
+
+   1541. Payd for mendynge the wheles of the 3 Bells, and for
+   Bawdrykes.
+
+   1524. Bawdderyke to the v. Bell.
+
+   1495. [Pro] emendacione rote ejusdem Campane et [pro] Bawdryke
+   ejusdem Campane.
+
+   1482. [Pro] tribus Bawdrykys.
+
+   1473. Bawdryke bought for the iiij Belle.
+
+   1469. Bawderyke.
+
+   Whyt Lethyr for the Bawdryke in the years of Ed. VI."
+
+    H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+In a decree of the Court of Chancery of the year 1583 is the following
+passage:
+
+  "It is alleged that a certain close ... in the parish of Smarden,
+  in the County of Kent, now called and known by the name of
+  Ropefield, was, long time sithence, given by one John of Hampden,
+  to and for the maintenance and finding of ropes, _bawdricks_, oil,
+  and leather, for the use of ringing of the bells in the steeple of
+  the said parish church of Smarden, &c., &c." James _v._ Woolton, 6
+  May, 1583. (_Reg. Lib._ B. 1582. fo. 502.)
+
+Not understanding the word "bawdrick," I applied to Messrs. Mears,
+bell-founders, Whitechapel, who kindly gave me the following
+information:
+
+  "The bawdrick is the head of the clapper, or the coupling by which
+  it hangs on the staple inserted in the crown of the bell. It is
+  fitted on to the head of the clapper, and a lining of leather is
+  inserted to prevent the creaking of the iron, when the end of the
+  clapper is oscillating. Hence, no doubt, the introduction of
+  'leather' in the document referred to. The word is still in use."
+
+    CECIL MONRO.
+
+  Registrar's Office, Court of Chancery, June 14. 1851.
+
+The baldrick was a leather thong, or strap, fastened with a buckle, for
+the purpose of suspending the clapper inside the bell, both of which had
+loops or eyes to receive it; from its continual wear, new baldricks were
+often required. I subjoin a few extracts from the parish accounts of St.
+Antlins, or St. Anthony, Budge Row, relating thereto.
+
+  1590. "Paide the smythe for making a new clapper for the great
+  bell, x_s._
+
+  "Paide for a _bawdrick_ for the great bell, ii_s._ vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _buckell_ for the same, vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _baldrick_ for the fift bell, i_s._ viii_d._
+
+  1594. "Paide for a new _bawdricke_ for one of the bells the
+  Crownacion daie, ii_s._
+
+  1578. "Paide for an _eie_ for the great bell clapper, vi_s._
+
+  "Item for a rope for the morning bell, ij_s._ vi_d._"
+
+I could adduce several other instances if required, but these may
+suffice.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Catalogue of Norman Nobility_ (Vol. iii., p. 266.).--Your correspondent
+Q. G. asked some weeks ago where the catalogue of Norman nobility before
+the Conquest was to be found? In the _Histori� Normannorum_, published
+in Paris in 1619, at p. 1127., he will find the
+
+  "Catalogus nobilium qui immediate pr�dia a Rege conqu�store
+  tenuerunt."
+
+In this list occurs the name of Geri (Rogerius) de Loges, whose lordship
+was in the district of Coutances. At p. 1039. of the same work, we find
+that Guarinus de Logis was feudal lord of certain domains in the
+bailiwick of Falaise. In a roll of all the Norman nobles, knights, and
+esquires who went to the conquest of Jerusalem with Robert Duke of
+Normandy in the first crusade, and copied from an ancient MS. written on
+vellum, found in the library of the cathedral of Bayeux, entitled "Les
+anciennes histoires d'outremer," we also find the name of John de
+Logis, who bore az. a cinque foile ar.
+
+I think, therefore, that M. J. T. (p. 189.) is in error in confounding
+the family of Ordardus de Logis with that of the Baron of Hugh Lupus.
+The names of the Norman nobles were territorial; and it is probable that
+these worthies were not related, as the names were spelt differently.
+According to the Doomsday Survey, Gunuld, the widow of Geri de Loges,
+held the manor of Guiting Power in Gloucestershire.
+
+The elder line of Ordardus de Logis, Baron of Wigton, terminated in an
+heiress, who carried the estate into the family of Lucy (I think in the
+reign of Edward III.), Adam, the seventh and last baron, having died
+without male issue; and it afterwards became the property, by marriage,
+of the ancestor of the present Earl of Carlisle. The descendants of
+Ordardus are still to be found in the remote valleys of the north of
+Yorkshire, and in parts of Durham: and I have been told that the Rev.
+John Lodge, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge, claimed to be of
+this family.
+
+    S.
+
+  Oxford, June 13. 1851.
+
+_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 242. 339.).--I have before me a 24mo. tract of
+forty-seven pages:
+
+  "Nicolai Barnaudi a Crista Arnaudi Delphinatis, Philosophi et
+  Medici, Commentariolum in �nigmaticum quoddam epitaphium Bononi�
+  studiorum, ante multa secula marmoreo lapidi insculptum. Huic
+  additi sunt Processus Ch�mici non pauci. Nihil sine Numine,
+  Lugduni, Batavorum, [CI*C.I*C.III*C.]"
+
+The first thirty pages are devoted to the epitaph on �lia L�lia Crispus.
+We are told:--
+
+  "Nec defuerunt alii, qui, ut audio, Animam hominis, alii nubium
+  Aquam, alii, ut hic intellexi a viro de litteris bene merito,
+  Eunuchum quemdam, alii alia varia, hoc epitaphio tractari
+  phantasmata suis scriptis contenderunt. H�c ego cum intellexissem,
+  eorum misertus, qui abditioris philosophi� in castris militant,
+  oper� pretium facturum me existimavi, si trismegisticum hoc
+  epitaphium eis aperire conarer."
+
+This he proceeds to do very satisfactorily, as the following specimen
+will show:--
+
+  "�LIA. Solaris, dubio procul, ut nomen indicat, sive solis filia,
+  immo substantia, essentia, radius, virtus, et illa quidem
+  invisibilis solis nostri, ne quis eam a sole vulgi natam, perperam
+  cogitet; neque tamen desunt, qui eam ex Urani et Vest� filio,
+  Saturno, et Ope ejus sorore, a qua cum plures Saturnus suscepisset
+  liberos, eosque vorasset, et e vestigio evomuisset, Jupiter
+  servatus, ejusque loco lapis Saturno presentatus fuit, ac si cum
+  peperisset Opis, ab ipsis inquam, eam natam esse cogitent; at
+  quidquid sit, �LIA, seu solaris est, neque tamen (tanta est ejus
+  amplitudo), astro illo, mundi oculo amicta incedit; sed et altero,
+  minore luminari, Luna, qu� sub pedibus ejus est comitata, ideo
+  etiam dicitur L�LIA, quasi solis amica, etc., etc."
+
+On a fly-leaf I find the following written by an unknown hand:
+
+  "Commentarios in hoc epitaphium scripserunt Joannes Trevius
+  Brugensis, et Richardus vitus Basinstochius, jurisconsultus Anglus
+  cujus liber editus Durdrecti apud J. van Leonem Berawoul, Anno
+  1618. Vid. et de hoc enigmate Boxhorn."
+
+If MR. CROSSLEY does not make this note wholly superfluous, make use of
+it as you please.
+
+    J. S.
+
+  Woudenberg, May 12. 1851.
+
+_Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p. 369.).--The following
+version of this prayer, differing from that given by MR. FALCONER, may
+be interesting.
+
+In Archdeacon Bonney's _Historic Notices in reference to Fotheringay_,
+p. 109., this note occurs:
+
+  "Seward asserts that the following lines were repeated by the
+  Queen of Scots immediately before her execution. They are set to
+  music by the late Dr. Harrington, of Bath, and other musicians.
+
+      "'O Domine Deus, speravi in Te!
+      O chare mi Jesus, nunc libera me!
+      In dura catena, in misera poena, desidero Te;
+      Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,
+      Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me.'
+
+   TRANSLATION.
+
+      'O Lord my God, I have relied in Thee!
+      Now, O dear Jesu, set me, set me free!
+      In chains, in pains, long have I wished for Thee;
+      Faint, and with groans, I, bowing on my knee,
+      Adore, implore Thee, Lord, to set me free.'"
+
+I may add, that the Latin lines have recently been very beautifully set
+to music by that eminent composer, Mrs. Kingston.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+Your correspondent on the subject of the lines said to have been
+repeated by Mary Queen of Scots on the scaffold, furnishes a translation
+of them in lieu of others, which he condemns; and his version has
+provoked me to try my hand at one, in which I have studied rhythm more
+than rhyme: the rhythm and the intensity of the ordinal.
+
+      "Great God, I have trusted
+        In peril on Thee!
+      Dear Jesus, Redeemer,
+        Deliver thou me!
+      In my prison-house groaning,
+        I long but for Thee;
+      Languishing, moaning,
+        Bow'd down on bent knee,
+      I adore Thee, implore Thee,
+        From my sins set me free."
+
+    ALAN.
+
+_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 250.).--Finding
+that no correspondent of yours, in answer to a Query which appeared some
+time back, viz.: "Whether any play of Aristophanes had ever been adapted
+to the modern stage," has yet mentioned the only two instances of which
+I am aware, I beg to refer the Querist to the _Plaideurs_ of Racine (an
+adaptation of the _Wasps_), and to a very ingenious modernisation of the
+_Birds_ by Mr. Planch�, produced about four years since at the Haymarket
+as an Easter piece, under its original title.
+
+I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of protesting, under your
+justly powerful auspices, against the use of the word "Exposition" in
+its French sense of _Exhibition_, now creeping into places where it
+could scarcely have been expected.
+
+    AVENA.
+
+_The White Rose_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--The version which I have of the
+beautiful lines quoted by your correspondent is (I quote from memory):
+
+      "If this fair rose offend thy sight
+        It on thy bosom wear,
+      'Twill blush to find itself less white,
+        And turn Lancastrian there."
+
+The succeeding couplet has equal merit:
+
+      "But if thy ruby lip it spy
+        As kiss it thou mayst deign,
+      With envy pale 'twill lose its dye,
+        And Yorkist turn again."
+
+    C. I. R.
+
+The origin of the blush imparted to the rose is most beautifully
+described by Carey:
+
+      "As erst in Eden's blissful bowers
+      Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,
+      An opening rose of poorest white
+      She marked with eye that beamed delight;
+      Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew
+      From Beauty's lip the vermeil hue."
+
+    J. A. DOUGLAS.
+
+_Mark for a Dollar_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The origin of the sign of the
+dollar, concerning which T. C. inquires, is, I believe, a contraction of
+_scutum_, the same as _�_, formerly written _�i_, is of _libra_. The
+strokes through the S are merely the signs of contraction.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+_Gillingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 448.).--In a foot-note to Rapin (2nd edit.,
+vol. i. p. 130.), the general assembly convened by Earl Goodwin, at
+which Edward the Confessor was chosen king, is stated, upon the same
+authority as Hutchins has referred to (viz. Malmsbury), to have been
+"Gilingeham _or_ London." If at Gillingham, there can be but little
+doubt it was Gillingham near Chatham, of which latter place Goodwin is
+stated to have been then possessed.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 10, 1851.
+
+The share that Earl Godwin bore in the establishment of King Edward (the
+Confessor) on the throne of England seems to make it probable that
+Gillingham in Kent, not the Gillingham in Dorsetshire, was the scene of
+the council referred to by your correspondent
+
+    QUIDAM.
+
+Edward, observe, was coming from the continent, and relied entirely on
+the support of the great East Kentish Earl. Milton names the council in
+his History of England, _Works_, vol. vi. p. 275., Pickering, ed. 1831.
+He seems to be still quoting Malmsbury.
+
+    E. J. E.
+
+  Blackheath, June 9. 1851.
+
+_On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 364.).--In reading
+A Borderer's interesting note on _The Lay of the Last Minstrel_, it
+occurred to me, whether there may not have been (perhaps unconsciously)
+in Walter Scott's mind a link of connexion betwixt his own "elvish
+page," as an agent in bringing about the nuptials of Lord Cranstoun with
+the Lady Margaret; and the part played by Cupid, in regard to Dido,
+after he had been transformed into Ascanius, as described in the first
+�neid. Indeed the beautiful "Song of Robin Goodfellow" (Vol. iii., p.
+403) suggests a similar speculation; for in the gambols of Puck there is
+something analogous to the freaks of Cupid after his metamorphose. But
+other and closer parallels will probably occur to your learned readers,
+and show that some of what are commonly esteemed the most original
+modern creations owe much to classical invention.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Lines on Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find the lines he
+asks about, given (but without comment) in Knight's _Cyclop�dia of
+London_, p. 440.
+
+    P. M. M.
+
+J. S. will find the lines he has sent you printed in Hone's _Year Book_
+(1832), p 113.; where may be also seen the following
+
+      ANSWER.
+
+      "Deluded men, these holds forego,
+        Nor trust such cunning elves;
+      These artful emblems tend to show
+        Their clients, not themselves.
+
+      'Tis all a trick, these are but shams,
+        By which they mean to cheat you;
+      For have a care, you are the LAMBS,
+        And they the wolves that eat you.
+
+      Nor let the thought of no 'delay'
+        To these their courts misguide you;
+      You are the showy HORSE, and they
+        Are jockeys that will ride you."
+
+Hone does not give a hint as who was the author of either, nor can I
+inform J. S.
+
+    EDWARD FOSS.
+
+[The REV. MACKENZIE WALCOTT has also kindly informed us that the
+original lines and the rejoinder are to be found in Brayley's
+_Londiniana_, vol. iv. pp. 216-7.]
+
+_Sewell, Meaning of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 391. 482.).--H. C. K. makes an
+error in supposing that "formido," as used by Virgil in the passage
+quoted, and "sewell," are convertible terms. If there is any word in
+that passage which could be considered coextensive in meaning with the
+word "sewell," it would undoubtedly be "penna." Nor is "sewell" a
+_modern_ term, as he supposes; in proof of which I add an extract from a
+letter written by Dr. Layton, one of the commissioners for the
+suppression of monasteries, to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, in which the
+word "sewel" occurs:
+
+  "We have sett Dunce (Duns Scotus) in Bocardo, and have utterly
+  banisshede hym Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses, and
+  is nowe made a comon servant to evere man, faste nailede up upon
+  postes in all comon houses of easement: _id quod oculis meis
+  vidi_. And the second tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
+  declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret quadrant court
+  full of the leiffes of Dunce, the wynde blowing them into evere
+  corner. And there we fownde one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of
+  Buckinghamshire, getheryng up part of the said bowke leiffes (as
+  he saide) therewith to make hym _sewelles_ or _blawnsherres_ to
+  kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the better cry
+  with his howndes."
+
+H. C. K. wishes to know the origin of the word "sewell." Can any of your
+readers explain the derivation of the term "blawnsherres?" Can it be
+connected with the French _blanche_, from white parchment, &c. having
+been used in making them?
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Lambert Simnel_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--Though I cannot throw any light
+upon the question of T., _Was this his real name?_ I may mention, as a
+Worcestershire man, that it is a custom among the pastrycooks of
+Worcester to make, at the beginning of Lent, a rich sort of cake;
+consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants,
+citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a
+"simnel." I cannot say how long this custom has existed, but I have
+every reason to believe it is one of great antiquity. From Johnson's
+explanation of the term, I conclude, that this practice of making
+"simnels" must in former times have been more general than it is at
+present.
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Tennyson's "In Memoriam"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 142. 227. 458.).--I submit
+that the "crimson-circled star" may be named without calling on the poet
+to explain.
+
+The planet Venus, when she is to the east of the sun, is our _evening
+star_ (and as such used to be termed Hesperus by the ancients).
+
+The evening star in a summer twilight is seen surrounded with the glow
+of sunset, "crimson-circled." The rose, too, was a flower sacred to
+Venus, which might justify the epithet. But I suppose the blush of the
+sky was what the poet thought of at such a moment.
+
+Venus sinking into the sea, which in setting she would appear to
+do,--falls into the _grave of Uranus_,--her father, according to the
+theory of Hesiod (190). The part cast into the sea, from which Aphrodite
+sprung, is here taken, by a becoming license (which softens the
+grossness of the old tradition), for the whole; so that the ocean,
+beneath the horizon of which the evening star sinks, may be well
+described by the poet as "_her_ father's grave."
+
+That Venus is meant, the gender of the pronoun relating to the star
+seems to prove beyond a doubt; there being no other sufficiently
+important to occur in a picture of this kind, to which a female name is
+given.
+
+    V.
+
+  Belgravia, June 12. 1851.
+
+_The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace_ (Vol. iii., p.
+408).--D. X. will find all that is known of this king in the Armenian
+version of Eusebius's _Chronicle_, 53., and in the _Chronographia_ of
+Georgius, Syncellus (and subsequently Patriarch) of Constantinople, p.
+210. B. The former gives as his authority Abydenus, and the latter
+Polyhistor. Both passages will be found in Cory's _Ancient Fragments_.
+The Median king is called in both Astyages, and not Cyaxares; but the
+date of the catastrophe being fixed by Ptolemy's Canon in 625 B. C., the
+reviewer, I suppose, considered himself justified in altering the name
+to that of the king who appears from Herodotus to have governed Media at
+that date.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Legend in Frettenham Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent
+C. J. E. may find some account of the legend illustrated on the walls of
+Frettenham Church in the _Calendar of the Anglo-Catholic Church_, from
+which it appears that St. Eligius, Eloy, or Loye, is the hero of the
+incident. He was the patron of blacksmiths, farriers, &c.; and
+accomplished, on one occasion, the shoeing of a refractory horse by
+amputating the leg; and the operation performed, he replaced the severed
+member. Doubtless, as C. J. E. suggests, the shoeing might have been
+effected without so much periphrasis; but perhaps the saint intended to
+teach the animal docility, and inspire the spectators with a more
+palpable proof of his supernatural powers, than the performance of the
+operation by his mere _ipse dixit_ would have afforded. The church of
+Durweston, Dorsetshire, is named in his honour, and a rude sculpture
+over the doorway commemorates the incident.
+
+    C. A.
+
+_Natural Daughter of James II._ (Vol. iii., pp. 224. 249. 280.).--When
+the answer of C. to my inquiry first appeared, I doubted whether after
+such strong reproof I ought again to address you; but as your valuable
+paper was intended for the ignorant as well as for the learned, and as
+C. (Vol. iii., p. 334.) places your respected correspondent MR. DAWSON
+TURNER in the same class as my humble self, I no longer hesitate.
+
+When I proposed the Query, I had no ready access to any book which
+would easily give me the required information, and it did not appear to
+me to be any great sin in making use of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for what I
+conceive is its legitimate object, the communication of knowledge; and I
+do not think the space my Query occupied was wasted when it called forth
+the interesting reply of P. C. S. S.
+
+I would now take the liberty of asking C. to explain the following
+extract from _Souverains du Monde_, not finding any particulars
+respecting the first marriage here alluded to in those books to which I
+have been able to refer:--
+
+  "Les enfans naturals du Roi Jaques II. sont 1.... 2.... 3....
+
+  "4. Catherine Darnley, mari�e en premi�res n�ces avec Thomas
+  Wentworth, Baron de Raby; et en secondes n�ces, en 1699, avec
+  James, Comte d'Anglesey. Elle est morte en 1700. Sa m�re �toit
+  Catherine Sedley, Comtesse de Dorchester, Baronne d'Arlington.
+
+  "5. N. mari�e avec le Duc de Buckingham le 27 Mars, 1706."
+
+You will observe that my former inquiry referred to the daughter above
+stated as the fifth child.
+
+It is plain that the compiler of _Les Souverains du Monde_ is in error
+in making the wife of the Earl of Anglesey a distinct person from the
+wife of the Duke of Buckingham.
+
+Who was the wife to the Thomas Wentworth here mentioned? and, if a
+natural daughter of James II., I should be glad of the following
+particulars,--the names of her mother and self--the dates of her birth,
+marriage, and death--and the date of the death of her husband.
+
+I must apologise for trespassing thus at length upon your space.
+
+    F. B. RELTON.
+
+_Clarkson's Richmond_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.).--The late Mr. Clarkson's
+manuscripts were transferred to his son, the Rev. Christ. Clarkson;
+whose address might probably be obtained by Q. D. from J. B. Simpson,
+Esq., Richmond, Yorkshire.
+
+    M.
+
+_MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps_ (Vol. iii., p. 358.).--I see that in the
+"Notices to Correspondents," in No. 79., for May 3, you inform W. P. A.
+that the _Catalogue of Sir Thomas Phillipps's MSS._ is privately
+printed, and that there are copies at the Bodleian, Athen�um, and
+Society of Antiquaries.
+
+You may perhaps be interested to know that a catalogue of about three
+thousand of the Middlehill MSS. is to be found in a work entitled
+_Catalogi Librorum MSSorum qui in Bibliothecis Galli�, Hiberni�,
+Helveti�, Belgi�, Britanni� Magn�, Hispani�, Lusitani� asservantur: �
+Gustavo Haenel_: Lipsi�, 1830. A copy of this important work is in the
+reading-room of the British Museum.
+
+I may add that a copy of the privately printed _Catalogue of Sir T.
+Phillipps's MSS._ is now to be found in the British Museum, but it has
+only recently (within the last few months) made its way into the
+Catalogue.
+
+    C. W. GOODWIN.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--Is not our excellent
+correspondent MR. SINGER mistaken in supposing that the ears are the
+ears of the scabbard or pitcher? If you draw one thing out of another by
+the ears, it must be by the ears of the first, not of the second; yet he
+also says that it is used for hilts.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. iii., p. 484.).--May I add, in my defence
+as to the Thracians' smoking, that all I said was, that there was
+nothing in Solinus, chap. 15. I had looked at the Bipont edition, in
+which, as I now see, the passage is in chapter 10.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Principle of Association_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--I cannot but doubt
+whether "La partie r�elle de la m�taphysique" means "all that has yet
+been done in the philosophy of the human mind." I apprehend it means the
+material, or physical part; that which is connected with the structure
+of the body. This would apply to Hartley, though not to Mr. Gay: but I
+speak in the dark, for I have not that edition of La Place which your
+correspondent refers to.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Corpse makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--That a funeral
+creates a right of way, is an error founded on the fact that, being a
+remarkable, and sometimes a crowded event, it is not an unfrequent
+evidence of the previous existence of a right of way.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Chloe_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--In reply to a Query in one of your late
+numbers respecting the meaning of the expression "as drunk as Chloe," it
+has been suggested to me that it refers to a lady who is mentioned
+often in Prior's _Poems_, and who was celebrated for the propensity
+alluded to.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+_Family of Sir J. Banks_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--It appears, on a
+reference to Burke's _Commoners_, that the ancestors of Sir J. Banks
+were possessed of property in and about Keswick; and the present
+representative of the family possesses black-lead mines in Borrowdale,
+Cumberland. It is, therefore, very probable that the Mr. John Banks in
+question may have been of the same family, though not a lineal
+descendant of Sir J. Banks.
+
+    L. H.
+
+_Verse Lyon_ (Vol. iii., p. 466.).--In the literal reprint of Puttenham,
+1811, I find the words extracted by J. F. M., with one unimportant
+exception, "And they _called_ it _Verse Lyon_." J. F. M. may find some
+account of Leonine verses, which "are properly the Roman hexameters and
+pentameters rhymed," in Price's edition of Warton's _History of English
+Poetry_, vol. i. p. cxviii.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Heronsewes_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--A probable derivation is given in
+Tyrwhitt's note on the passage in the _Squire's Tale_ from the French
+_heron�eaux_, which would probably, in English usage, become either
+_heronsewes_, or _heronshaws_. It is of course a diminutive, like
+"lioncel," "pennoncel," &c.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., p. 331.).--Who first taught
+that the form of the earth was that of a sphere? In Isaiah xl. 22.
+appears the following passage:
+
+  He that sitteth upon the CIRCLE of the _earth_ and the inhabitants
+  thereof," &c.
+
+Does not this extract prove that the Jews, as a people, were acquainted
+with the spherical form of the earth in Isaiah's time; the prophets
+usually addressing the people in popular language.
+
+    C. N. S.
+
+_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).--In the replies to
+correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's
+translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few
+shillings, would satisfy most persons on the subject, and be found
+entertaining in giving instruction.
+
+    T. M.
+
+_Topical Memory_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--On topical memory I can refer
+your inquirer to _Cicero de Oratore_, book ii. lxxxvi., lxxxvii.,
+�351-358., and _Ad Herenn._ iii. xvi.-xx., and _Quintil._ xi. ii. 2., p.
+431. Rollin, ed. 1758.
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., p. 397.).--The following illustration of this word
+occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the University of
+Cambridge. The date is about 1350:
+
+      "�e iewis herde �is word wel alle,
+      And anon _eysel_ �ei mengid wi� galle."
+
+It is here manifestly = _vinegar_.
+
+    C. H.
+
+_Eisell._--I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of
+this word might be attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in
+which may be found the word _Aesell_ (_idem sonans_ with _Eisell_),
+implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly identical (see
+page 377.).
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Four Want Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).--A cross road, or that point
+where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry in Kent
+"the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want
+way," &c. I have always considered the word as being derived from the
+ancient VENTA: thus VENTA _Icenorum_ (Caister, near Norwich), the
+highway of the Iceni; VENTA _Silurum_ (Caerwent, in Monmouthshire), the
+highway of the Silures; VENTA _Belgarum_ (Winchester), the highway of
+the Belg�; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the
+ancient appellation.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Meaning of Carfoix_ (Vol. iii., p. 469.).--Will your correspondent K.
+TH. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it not the
+French _carrefour_, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey,
+though not, I believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The
+chief carrefour there is at the junction of the Pollet, High Street and
+Smith Street; another is in the country, the _Carrefour aux Lievres_,
+the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. MR. METIVIER, whose
+name I am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I
+suppose the derivation to be in _Quatuor fores_, or some French
+derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of "Carfax" in Oxford.
+Are the names akin to each other?
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_A regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The story of King M�l is perhaps
+rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your correspondent in a
+_stew_, nor get myself into a _broil_, nor you into a _mess_ or a
+_pickle_, I would settle his _hash_ by suggesting that terms of cookery
+are frequently used as descriptive of disagreeable predicaments; and
+that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is _mulled_, yet it
+may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of
+_muddle_? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King
+M�l.
+
+    M.
+
+_William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I expect that A. N. is labouring
+under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the "conversion" of
+"William Hone, THE COMPILER of the _Every-day Book_;" and that he means
+
+   "_The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone_, a narrative
+   written by himself, _edited_ by his SON, William Hone, author of
+   the _Every-day Book_, &c. London, J. Ward & Co., Paternoster Row,
+   1841. One Shilling."
+
+I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but
+should not that be practicable, I shall be happy to lend your
+correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither unjust nor
+uninteresting to add, that _I know_ (from his own communication, shortly
+after the memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated
+_Parodies_ being charged as "blasphemous," that he immediately stopped
+the sale of them; that, though money was then of some consequence to
+him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so, because
+he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as
+having sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to
+injure Christianity, which he deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor
+man's charter. In making those observations, he emphatically placed his
+hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.
+
+    A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
+
+_The Rev. Mr. Gay_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--The name of Gay is not very
+common in the West of England, and MR. TAGART may possibly obtain some
+account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of Goldworthy,
+near Bideford, in the county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton Gay in
+the county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of Goldworthy,
+about the year 1420, by marriage with the daughter and heir of Curtis of
+Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family of Curtis of Lostwithiel, in
+the county of Cornwall.
+
+The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with
+any notice, is Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in
+the year 1822 at South Molton, in the county of Devon. Lyson also says
+that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Lady Mary Cavendish_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I know nothing of any _Lady
+Mary's_ having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the Guards; but it is
+certain that she could not have been, _strictly speaking_, of the same
+family as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady
+Waterpark, with remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended
+from a _natural son_ of the Devonshire family, and even, I believe,
+before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that any _Lady_ Mary
+Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.
+
+    C.
+
+_Hand giving the Blessing_ (Vol. iii, p. 477.).--In blessing the people,
+the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two forefingers,
+and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and
+they give this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a
+pagan symbol in use long before the introduction of Christianity, not
+only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's _Arch�ological
+Index_, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship,
+in which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands
+elevated with the thumb and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta
+has the left hand in the same position. I wish some of your
+correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian
+antiquities, would further illustrate the origin of this curious and
+ancient custom, which hitherto has been regarded as originating with the
+Church of Rome only.
+
+    W. W.
+
+_The Oldenburg Horn_ (Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).--There is a good
+engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p.
+264, of the curious _Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis_ of
+Johannes Herbinius, Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in
+the library of the Geographical Society.
+
+    W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+  Athen�um, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Covey_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--How could such a question be asked? Covey
+is _couv�e_, French for a _brood_, a _hatching_, from _couver_, to hatch
+eggs.
+
+    C.
+
+_Davy Jones's Locker_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--During many years of
+seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this phrase,
+and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the
+scriptural account of the prophet Jonah. The word _locker_, on board of
+ship, generally means the place where any particular thing is retained
+or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker," &c. In
+the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that
+the Prophet, praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the
+following words:
+
+  "In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about:--the
+  depth closed me round about:--the earth with her bars was about
+  me."
+
+The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner,
+Jonah's locker; that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined.
+Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily corrupted to Jones's locker;
+and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the equally Welsh
+name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been
+forgotten.
+
+    W. PINKERTON.
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., p. 482.).--The use of this word may be traced to
+an earlier period than has yet been shown by any of your correspondents?
+
+In Florio's _Worlde of Wordes_, 1598, we have it thus:--
+
+  "_Ombrella_, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state
+  for a prince, also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they use
+  to ride with in summer in Italy, a little shade."
+
+    [Greek: D.]
+
+_Nao, a Ship_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--A. N. is informed that _naw_ is a
+Celtic name for a ship (the _w_ is sometimes sounded like _oo_); though
+the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in
+Davies' _Mythology, &c. of the Druids_. In the appendix to this work
+there is a poem (No. 6.) by Taliesin, containing the following
+example:--
+
+      "Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb _naw_."
+
+      "Sinking in the lake, without a ship."
+
+The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman
+influence. Can A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman
+times did not possess any vessels superior to the _cwrygl_? Is it
+probable that the warlike aid which the Britons constantly rendered the
+Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier baskets?" Had the
+"water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained no
+higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?
+
+I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull
+the torque with thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin
+_longa_; but passing this, I will advance the opinion that the Celtic
+_naw_ is the root of the Latin _navis_.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Birth of Spenser_ (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).--Is not 1510 a mistake for
+1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in manuscripts of
+Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Petworth Registers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).--The period over which
+these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and Papers printed
+by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:--
+
+  "County of Sussex.--Arundel Rape.
+
+  "Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing
+  with A. D. 1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at the
+  following places:--
+
+  "Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II.
+  Bap. Bur. 1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."
+
+The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the
+proper custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or
+private library it may perhaps reward some reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+in the next century by turning up when unsought for. In the mean time,
+however, is there no official copy to be found in the Archbishop's
+courts at Canterbury?
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Arms of the Isle of Man_ (Vol. iii., p. 373.).--The symbol of three
+legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the Isle of
+Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The [Greek: tria akra] from which the name
+of the latter is derived are the promontories of Lilyb�um, Pachynus, and
+Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito, Passaro, and Faro (Virg. �n. iii. 384.). It
+is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage of this island, A.D. 1709
+(which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv. The
+crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, SANS CHANGER; Rev. The
+three legs), has the motto QVOCVNQVE � _GESSERIS_ � STABIT. The coinage
+of 1723 is exactly similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the
+succeeding �coinages have QUOCUNQUE � JECERIS � STABIT, which is clearly
+the correct reading. I may add that I am engaged on a work on the Copper
+Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall be thankful for any
+information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &c.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of _The
+Traveller's Library_, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended
+to comprise "books of entertaining and valuable information in a form
+adapted for reading while travelling, and at the same time of a
+character that will render them worthy of preservation." The 1st Number
+contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of '_Warren Hastings_' which
+has been appropriately followed by that of '_Lord Clive_,' from his
+_Historical Essays_ and will be succeeded by '_The Earl of Chatham_,'
+'_William Pitt_,' '_Horace Walpole_,' &c., from the same pen; and these
+again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which has
+hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers.
+The 3d Number, '_London_,' by Mr. McCulloch, belongs to this class. As a
+really cheap and not merely low-priced series of valuable books, this
+well-printed _Traveller's Library_ deserves, and, we trust will meet
+with, every success.
+
+At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the
+subject of public health and indeed of health generally, we may be
+excused for directing the attention, of our readers to '_The Laws of
+Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a Series of Letters from an Old
+Practitioner to a Patient_,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small volume of
+useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd
+observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all
+qualifications for a writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Illustrations of Medi�val Costume in England from MSS.
+in British Museum, &c._, by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The
+present number of this very cheap work on costume contains no less than
+three _coloured_ plates--curiously illustrative of the subject, though
+not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.
+
+_Hurry-graphs_, by N. Parker Willis, and _The House of Seven Gables_, by
+Nathaniel Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The
+former is characterised by the usual light, off-hand style of the
+writer. The latter will add to the reputation which Mr. Hawthorne has
+won by his '_Scarlet Letter_.' They are two pleasant volumes for the
+steam-boat or the railway carriage.
+
+_An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included
+in Woodfall's Edition of Junius_, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and
+we must add an unsuccessful attempt, to prove that the Letters in
+question were written by Lord Chesterfield.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in
+the sale of the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable
+Library of Thomas Jolley, Esquire, including, among other interesting
+autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts of Pope, Swift, Thomson,
+Fielding, &c.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of
+Books Old and New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular No. 30. of Books in all Languages.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine.
+Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOP�DIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABB� DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols, 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits
+contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, o� l'on traite de la N�cessit� de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des diff�rentes Formes de la
+Souverainet�, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de T�l�maque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de F�n�lon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
+
+WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.
+
+STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.
+
+OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
+
+COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. 1. 12mo.
+Lond. 1755.
+
+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
+HORACE-ORELLIUS. 2 Vols.
+
+D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.
+
+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
+
+SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+1841.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+POPE JOAN. W. M. H. _is assured that the article in_ No. 81. _was
+written by_ R. R. M., _and not by the learned author, whose
+communications we agree with_ W. M. H. _in wishing_ "_we saw still more
+frequently in our pages_."
+
+O. O. _The allusion in Tennyson to_--
+
+        "Her, who clasped in her last trance
+      Her murdered father's head,"
+
+_is to Margaret Roper, who was buried with the head of her father, Sir
+Thomas More, in her arms. See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iii., p. 10.
+
+DUTCH BOOKS. MARTINUS _will feel obliged if_ HIBERNICUS _will forward
+the Catalogue_ (_he so kindly offers in_ No. 80. p. 378.) _to_ Mr. F.
+MULLER, _care of Mr. Nutt, bookseller No. 272. Strand_.
+
+E. N. W. _The figures above the letters in the motto subscribed to the
+verses which Joannes Rombouts addressed to Verstegan, point out his
+Christian name_, Joannes; _those below the letters, his surname_,
+Rombouts.
+
+R. H. _We are unable to furnish any information respecting the volume
+of_ IRISH ANTIQUITIES _to which our correspondent refers. We will
+willingly give insertion to any Query on the subject of Ogham
+Inscriptions generally._
+
+E. S. T. _Will this correspondent kindly adapt his information on_ Bier
+Ways _as a reply to the Query on the subject?_
+
+T. P. _The "Notes on Almanacks" are under consideration._
+
+LION SYMBOLICAL OF THE RESURRECTION. _We owe it to_ JARLTZBERG _to
+explain with reference to_ C. P.***'s _remark_, p. 450., _that a_ long
+_reply to_ MR. EASTWOOD'S _Query was forwarded by him at the time; its_
+length _indeed it was which necessarily led to its non-insertion at the
+time._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Encorah and Millicent, &c._--_Prenzie_--_M.
+or N._--_Local Mints_--_Rev. Mr. Gay_--_Petworth
+Registers_--_Baronettes_--_Curse of Scotland_--_Nao, a ship_--_Arches of
+Pelaga_--_Pylche or Pilcher_--_Dozen of Bread, or Baker's
+Dozen_--_Tinsel_--_Bonnie Cravat_--_Davy Jones's Locker_--_Arms of the
+Isle of Man_--_Dieu et mon Droit_--_William Hone_--_Cachecope
+Bell_--_Pallavicini_
+
+CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_
+T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be
+justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should
+forward copies of our_ Prospectus _to correspondents who would kindly
+enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
+literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already
+been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are
+greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for
+this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist
+towards increasing our circulation._
+
+_Errata._--Page 322. col. 1. l. 20., for "conscript_u_" read
+"conscript_a_;" and l. 29. for "_M_adingi" read "_W_adingi;" p 444. col.
+1. l. 18., for "Upon" read "Uprose." In the _Tabula Regum_, p. 457.,
+"scotus" in the fifth line should be "secundus;" in the fourteenth line,
+"xxiiij." should be "xx/iiij.," fourscore, not twenty-four; and in l.
+23. for "xliij." read "xliiij."
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+
+8vo., price 1_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL, with Illustrative
+  Woodcuts. By GILBERT J. FRENCH.
+
+  Also, by the same Author, Second Edition, 18mo., price 6_d._
+
+  HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF COLOURS IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART,
+  with some Observations on the Theory of Complementary Colours.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+
+Just published, fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Steel engraving, price 4_s_.
+6_d_.
+
+  THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales.
+
+  By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+    "Her love for Fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to
+    compose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are
+    gracefully enough used as machinery. They are slight, but well
+    written, and the book is altogether very nicely put out of
+    hand."--_Guardian._
+
+    London: GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+
+THE LATER HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+
+  In One Volume. small 8vo., price 8_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE
+  LAST ACTS OF CONVOCATION, 1688-1717. By the REV. WILLIAM PALIN,
+  M.A., Rector of Stifford, Essex.
+
+  This Volume forms a Continuation to the Works of Bishop Short, Mr.
+  Carwithen, and other Writers on the Earlier History of the Church
+  of England.
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.
+
+
+ARNOLD'S HOMER FOR BEGINNERS.
+
+  In 12mo., price. 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HOMER'S ILIAD, BOOKS I.--III., with English Notes; forming a
+  sufficient Commentary for Young Students. By the REV. THOMAS
+  KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of
+  Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;
+
+  Of whom may be had, by the same Editor,
+
+  HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.--IV., WITH A COPIOUS CRITICAL INTRODUCTION
+  AND ENGLISH NOTES. In 12mo., 7_s._ 6_d._
+
+    "This Edition is intended to assist more advanced students at
+    schools and colleges. A more useful and complete guide to the
+    study of Homer we do not know. If any body makes himself
+    thoroughly master of the contents of this volume, he will find no
+    difficulty in fully comprehending any other part of the
+    Odyssey."--_Athen�um._
+
+
+THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.
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+      Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P. Eaton Square, London.
+      Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street.
+      Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks.
+      William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.
+      William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.
+
+  This Company is empowered to execute--
+
+  1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining
+  Estates), Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise
+  improving Land.
+
+  2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary for the
+  cultivation of Land.
+
+  3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of
+  Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other
+  Public Bodies.
+
+  4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by
+  Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works,
+  to resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act.
+
+  Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations,
+  Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited
+  Interests, may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out
+  every kind of permanent Improvement, either by the Application of
+  their own or the Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on
+  the Property improved.
+
+  Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to WILLIAM
+  CLIFFORD, Secretary. Offices, 52. Parliament Street, Westminster.
+
+
+A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.
+
+  WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY, in which all Words are arranged
+  according to their Terminations; answering at the same time the
+  Purpose of a Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English
+  Language. Thick 12mo., cloth, 6_s._ 6_d._ (1851.)
+
+  [Star symbol] The present edition has been carefully revised
+  throughout, and is now offered at a remarkably reasonable price to
+  ensure a rapid sale.
+
+  G. WILLIS, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.
+
+
+Now ready, price 5_s._ illustrated, No. I. of
+
+  THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW.
+
+      CONTENTS.
+      Introductory Address to our Readers.
+      The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon Architecture.
+      Design in Ecclesiastical Architecture.
+      Museums at Home and Abroad.
+      Ruskin and "The Stones of Venice."
+      Architectural Nomenclature and Classification.
+      Domestic Gothic Architecture in Germany.
+      Inventors and Authorship in relation to Architecture.
+      Assyrian Architecture.
+      NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
+      Classified List of Books recently published.
+      RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW:--Chevreul on Colour.
+      BUILDINGS AND FURNITURE.
+      NEW INVENTIONS:--Machinery, Tools, and Instruments.--Materials,
+      and Contrivances; Self-acting Dust-shoot Door; Removal of
+      Smoke by Sewers, &c. &c.--Patents and Designs registered, &c. &c.
+
+    "This new and professional Quarterly we hail as an acquisition. It
+    promises to be conducted with intelligence, kindly spirit, and
+    proper concern for the interests of the profession and the
+    public.... It is altogether a good first part."--_Builder._
+
+  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street (next St. Dunstan's Church).
+
+
+Just published, in 8 volumes 8vo., 4_l._ 4_s._, uniform with Library
+Editions of Herbert and Taylor,
+
+  THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON in VERSE and PROSE. Printed from the
+  Original Editions. With a Life of the Author, by the REV. JOHN
+  MITFORD.
+
+  WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
+
+  CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
+
+  Established 1806.
+
+  Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._
+
+  Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+
+  Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+  _President._
+
+  The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+  J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+  _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+  Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+      Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
+      Bonuses.
+
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+             |        |                      |    Bonuses added
+       Date  |  Sum   |                      |    subsequently,
+        of   |Insured.|  Original Premium.   |    to be further
+      Policy.|        |                      | increased annually.
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+       1806  | �2500  |�79 10 10 Extinguished|    �1222  2  0
+       1811  |  1000  | 33 19  2    Ditto    |      231 17  8
+       1818  |  1000  | 34 16 10    Ditto    |      114 18 10
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+
+      Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+      Policy| Date.|  Sum   |  Bonuses   |  Total with Additions
+        No. |      |Insured.|   added.   |to be further increased.
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+       521  | 1807 |  �900  | �982 12  1 |      �1882 12  1
+       1174 | 1810 |  1200  | 1160  5  6 |       2360  5  6
+       3392 | 1820 |  5000  | 3558 17  8 |       8558 17  8
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+    our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collection of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 21. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes & Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. I.                                     |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. II.                                    |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. III.                                   |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+86, June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86,
+June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37496]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<h1>
+<span id="idno">Vol. III.&mdash;No. 86.</span>
+
+<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span>
+
+<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span>
+<span id="id2"> FOR</span>
+<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span>
+</h1>
+
+<div class="center1">
+<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. III.&mdash;No. 86.</p>
+<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, J<span class="smcap lowercase">UNE</span> 21. 1851.</p>
+<p class="noindent center smaller">Price Threepence.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stamped Edition 4<i>d.</i></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2>
+
+<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:&mdash;          </p>
+
+<div class="toc">    <p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, No. I.: Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay
+      on the Right of Property in Land, by S. W. Singer      <a title="Go to page 489" href="#notes489">489</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Notes on Ireland, No. I.: Freedom from Serpents      <a title="Go to page 490" href="#known490">490</a></p>
+
+  <p class="indh i5">Canons and Articles of 1571      <a title="Go to page 491"  href="#Fynes491">491</a></p>
+
+    <p class="indh i5">On Two Passages in Dryden, by H. H. Breen      <a title="Go to page 492" href="#was492">492</a></p>
+
+   <p class="indh i5"> Minor Notes:&mdash;Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother&mdash;Chaucer
+      and Gray&mdash;Shakspeare Family&mdash;Epitaph
+      on Dr. Humphrey Tindall&mdash;Specimens of Composition&mdash;Burke's
+      "mighty Boar of the Forest"      <a title="Go to page 492" href="#was492">492</a></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="toc">      <p class="indh i5">Queries on Tennyson      <a title="Go to page 493" href="#much493">493</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Ancient Modes of hanging Bells, by Rev. A. Gatty      <a title="Go to page 493" href="#much493">493</a></p>
+
+    <p class="indh i5">Minor Queries:&mdash;English Sapphics&mdash;Equestrian Statues&mdash;Plays
+      in Churches&mdash;"The Right Divine of
+      Kings to govern wrong"&mdash;Serius, where situated?&mdash;Hollander's
+      Austerity, &amp;c.&mdash;Brother Jonathan&mdash;Authorship
+      of the "Groves of Blarney"&mdash;Carnaby&mdash;Death
+      of Death's Painter&mdash;Book Plates&mdash;Querelle
+      d'Allemand&mdash;Bassenet of Eaton&mdash;Dumore Castle, or
+      the Petrified Fort&mdash;Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical
+      Historian&mdash;Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington&mdash;Family
+      of Etty the Artist&mdash;St. Hibbald      <a title="Go to page 494" href="#bells494">494</a></p>
+
+   <p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:&mdash;Unde derivatur "Gooseberry
+      Fool?"&mdash;Biography of Bishop Hurd&mdash;Friday,
+      why considered unlucky&mdash;The Lord Mayor a Privy
+      Councillor&mdash;Alterius Orbis Papa&mdash;Mrs. Elstob&mdash;Cardinal
+      Bellarmin  <a title="Go to page 496" href="#build496">496</a>   </p></div>
+
+
+<p class="larger">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="toc">  <p class="indh i5">Shakspeare's Use of "Captious" and "Intenible."
+      Shakspeare's "Small Latin"     <a title="Go to page 497" href="#On497">497</a> </p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Earth thrown upon the Coffin, by Rev. A. Gatty, &amp;c. <a title="Go to page 499" href="#it499">499</a>  </p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">On the Word "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure," by
+      John Taylor      <a title="Go to page 499" href="#it499">499</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Zacharie Boyd     <a title="Go to page 500" href="#word500">500</a></p>
+
+ <p class="indh i5">Replies to Minor Queries:&mdash;Death, how symbolised&mdash;A
+      Kemble Pipe&mdash;Flemish Work on the Order of St.
+      Franciscus&mdash;Meaning of Tick&mdash;Spelling of Britannia,
+      &amp;c.&mdash;Fossil Elk of Ireland&mdash;"In Time the Bull,"
+      &amp;c.&mdash;Baldrock&mdash;Epitaph&mdash;Prayer of Mary Queen of
+      Scots&mdash;Aristophanes on the Modern Stage&mdash;The
+      White Rose&mdash;Mark for a Dollar&mdash;Gillingham&mdash;On
+      the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &amp;c.&mdash;Lines on Temple&mdash;Sewell,
+      Meaning of&mdash;Lambert Simnel&mdash;Tennyson's
+      "In Memoriam"&mdash;The second King of Nineveh
+      who burned his Palace&mdash;Legend in Frettenham
+      Church&mdash;Natural Daughter of James II.&mdash;Clarkson's
+      Richmond&mdash;MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps&mdash;Meaning
+      of Pilcher&mdash;Antiquity of Smoking&mdash;Principle of
+      Association&mdash;Corpse makes a Right of Way&mdash;Chloe&mdash;Family
+      of Sir J. Banks&mdash;Verse Lyon&mdash;Heronsewes&mdash;Theory
+      of the Earth's Form&mdash;Mythology of
+      the Stars&mdash;Topical Memory&mdash;Eisell&mdash;Four Want
+      Way&mdash;Meaning of Carfoix&mdash;A regular Mull&mdash;William
+      Hone&mdash;The Rev. Mr. Gay&mdash;Lady Mary Cavendish&mdash;Hand
+      giving the Blessing&mdash;The Oldenburg
+      Horn&mdash;Covey&mdash;Davy Jones's Locker&mdash;Umbrella&mdash;Nao,
+      a Ship&mdash;Birth of Spenser, &amp;c.     <a title="Go to page 501" href="#class501">501</a></p> </div>
+
+
+<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="toc">
+<p class="indh i5"> Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &amp;c.    <a title="Go to page 510" href="#Latin510">510</a>   </p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted     <a title="Go to page 510" href="#Latin510">510</a> </p>
+
+<p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents      <a title="Go to page 511" href="#and511">511</a> </p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> Advertisements     <a title="Go to page 511" href="#and511">511</a> </p>
+
+<p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1"  class="fnanchor">List of Notes &amp; Queries volumes and pages</a>
+<span class="pagenum">[489]</span><a id="notes489"></a></p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2>
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. I.<br />
+
+<i>Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of Property in Land.</i></span>
+</h3>
+
+
+<p>At the dispersion of the library of the late Sir James Mackintosh,
+striking evidence of his extensive reading appeared. It seems to have
+been his custom to always read with a pencil in his hand, to score the
+remarkable passages, and to make occasional notes; generally at the end
+of the book he indicates the place where, and date when he read it.
+</p>
+<p>One remarkable and not uninteresting example occurs in the following
+volume in my possession:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, with respect to its
+   foundation in the Law of Nature: its present establishment by the
+   municipal laws of Europe; and the regulations by which it might
+   be rendered more beneficial to the lower ranks of Mankind."
+   London, 1782, 8vo.</p>
+
+
+<p>On the inside of the cover Sir James Mackintosh has written:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "<i>Clapham Common</i>, July 18, 1828.&mdash;An ingenious and benevolent,
+   but injudicious book, which is a good example of the difficulty
+   of forming plans for the service of mankind. To the author, an
+   accomplished recluse, a lettered enthusiast of no vulgar talent
+   or character, I owe the cultivation of a sense of the beautiful
+   in poetry and eloquence, for which at the distance of near half a
+   century I feel a lively gratitude. It was written by <i>William
+   Ogilvie</i>, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Aberdeen. I
+   even now recollect passages of his Translation of the 4th Book of
+   the Eneid.&mdash;J. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKINTOSH</span>."
+</p>
+
+<p>I have found a corroboration of the estimate above given of this person,
+by another of his countrymen, James Ogilvie (who appears to have been an
+itinerant teacher of oratory in America) in a volume of <i>Philosophical
+Essays</i> published in Philadelphia in 1816. Speaking of a gifted native
+of Scotland of the name of McAllester, settled in the far west, near
+Bard's Town, and lamenting that he should choose to bury his talents in
+obscurity and indolence, the writer says:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "He came nearer to the character of a scientific sage than any
+   human being the narrator has ever known, <span class="pagenum">[490]</span>with <a id="known490"></a>the exception of
+   <i>William Ogilvie</i>, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Old
+   Aberdeen, Author of a profound original 'Essay on the Right of
+   Property in Land.'"</p>
+
+<p>The book itself is, in some respects at least, well worthy of attention,
+and especially at the present moment, when the subject it embraces
+presses itself upon all men's consideration. On <i>emigration</i>, for
+instance, Ogilvie has some anticipatory views: thus he observes with
+truth:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "To increase the prosperity and the happiness of the greater
+   number, is the primary object of government, and the increase of
+   national happiness must be the increase of national strength. Is
+   it not then the duty, and perhaps also the interest of every
+   legislature in the West of Europe to promote the emigration of
+   its less opulent subjects, until the condition of the lower
+   classes of men at home be rendered nearly as comfortable as the
+   condition of the same classes in the new settlements of North
+   America?"&mdash;Pp. 50, 51.</p>
+
+<p>Just now, when the Property Tax is to receive the mature consideration
+of the legislature, the following passage, which also anticipates the
+public feeling as expressed lately by an influential part of the press,
+deserves to be cited:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Without regard to the original value of the soil, the gross
+   amount of property in land is the fittest subject of taxation;
+   and could it be made to support the whole expense of the public,
+   great advantages would arise to all orders of men. What then, may
+   it be said, would not, in that case, the proprietors of stock in
+   trade, in manufactures, and arts, escape taxation, that is, the
+   proprietors of one half of the national income? They would indeed
+   be so exempted; and very justly, and very profitably for the
+   state; for <i>it accords with the best interests of the community
+   through successive generations, that</i> <span class="smcap lowercase">ACTIVE PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRY
+   SHOULD BE EXEMPTED, IF POSSIBLE, FROM EVERY PUBLIC BURTHEN</span>, <i>and
+   that the whole weight should be laid on that quiescent stock,
+   which has been formerly accumulated, as the reward of an industry
+   which is now no longer exerted</i>."&mdash;P. 207.</p>
+
+
+<p>In another work on political economy, Sir James has also recorded his
+opinion, and indicated some passages, which have been copied by Godwin.
+The work is: <i>Doutes Proposés aux Philosophes Economistes sur l'Ordre
+Naturel et Essentiel des Sociétés Politiques, par M. l'Abbé de Mably</i>: à
+la Haye, 1768, 8vo.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "This book is a greater mixture of sense and nonsense than any
+   other I ever read. What he says against the <i>Political</i> jargon of
+   the Economists, their evidence and their <i>despotisme légal</i>, is
+   perfectly well reasoned. His own system of ascribing all evils to
+   the Institution <i>of Separate Property</i> is too absurd for any
+   serious discussion."</p>
+
+
+<p>It is pleasant to have these recorded opinions of such a man as
+Mackintosh on books the subjects of which he had deeply meditated.
+Indeed, to me there is a great charm in such private memoranda of a
+distinguished and able man, giving the passing impression on his mind in
+the course of his reading.</p>
+
+
+      <p class="right">S. W. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>.</p>
+
+    <p class="left">  Mickleham, June 7. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON IRELAND, NO. I.<br />
+<i>Notes on Ireland's Freedom from Serpents.</i></span></h3>
+
+<p>That Ireland was infested with venomous reptiles before St. Patrick's
+time, that he banished them, "<i>and that serpents cannot survive in
+Ireland</i>," is a well-known tradition, and one universally received
+amongst the native Irish. In Christian symbolism it was usual to
+designate sin or Paganism by a serpent or dragon, and saints who
+converted heathen nations, or subdued the evil promptings of their own
+nature, were represented with a serpent or dragon beneath their feet.
+Thus, St. Patrick, by preaching the doctrine of the Cross, and uprooting
+Paganism, may be said to have banished venomous serpents from Ireland.
+In his case, however, the symbol may have had a deeper meaning, if, as
+many (and with great probability) think, <i>serpent worship</i> formed part
+of that Oriental heathenism which obtained in early times in Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Geoffry Keating, in his <i>History of Ireland</i> (in the Irish
+language), which he completed about the year 1625, says: "Saoilim gurab
+do an <i>deamhnaibk</i> gairmithear <i>naithreacha nimke</i> i m-beathaidh
+Patraic" ("I think that by the serpents spoken of in the life of St.
+Patrick were meant <i>demons</i>"). <i>Serpents</i> figure among the carvings and
+hieroglyphical ornaments on some of the remnants of Irish antiquity
+which still puzzle our antiquaries. On Cruach Padruig, in Mayo, there is
+a sort of tarn which still bears the name of Loch na Pheiste, or the
+Serpent's Lake; and one of "the Two Lakes," whence Gleandaloch derives
+its name, has the same appellation.</p>
+
+<p>Solinus, who flourished at the close of the second century, notices, I
+believe, the strange fact of Ireland's having an immunity from reptiles;
+Isidore and Bede, in the seventh and eighth centuries, respectively
+repeat the assertion. Donatus, Bishop of Fesulæ, who flourished about
+the middle of the ninth century, says, in a Latin poem on his native
+country:</p>
+
+
+     <div class="poem">
+     <p> "Nulla venena nocent; nec Serpens serpit in herbâ;</p>
+     <p>Nec conquesta canit garrula Rana lacu</p>
+     <p> In qua Scotorum gentes habitare merentur;</p>
+     <p>Inclyta gens hominum, milite, pace, fide."</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>"Rana." A note on this word in Montgomery's <i>Poetry of Ireland</i>
+declares:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "However fabulous this may appear, it is certain that <i>Frogs</i>
+   were formerly unknown in this country: <i>they were first
+   propagated here from spawn introduced as an experiment by a
+   Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1696</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p>Joceline of Furnes, Sir James Ware, Fynes<span class="pagenum">[491]</span> Moryson, <a id="Fynes491"></a>and several
+others, notice the absence of serpents in Ireland.</p>
+
+<p>A Belfast correspondent to the <i>Dublin Penny Journal</i>, June, 1834,
+mentions some cases of <i>introducing reptiles</i> into Ireland:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "About 1797, a gentleman is said to have imported from England
+   into Wexford, a number of vipers:"</p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">they died immediately after. He continues:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "We are sorry to record that the virtues of the good old times
+   have passed away, <i>as snakes are at this moment</i> (June, 1834)
+   <i>free denizens of the County of Down, and gambolling in its
+   shrubberies and plantings</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">The particulars are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "In the summer of 1831, a gentleman, by way of experiment to
+   ascertain whether snakes would survive in Ireland, brought from
+   Scotland a few pair of what are usually called the common snake
+   (<i>Coluber natrix</i>). These he put into a plantation at Milecross,
+   near Newtownards, where they soon from their number gave evidence
+   of becoming as fruitful as if they had been placed in South
+   Carolina."</p>
+
+
+<p>I have not heard how long the snakes continued at Milecross, but I
+believe they are not there now. The Marquis of W&mdash;&mdash;d, I have heard, in
+a similar freak, endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to propagate snakes on
+his property.</p>
+
+<p>The usual Irish word for <i>serpent</i> is <i>nathair</i>; Welsh, <i>gnadr</i>; German,
+<i>natter</i>; Anglo-Saxon, <i>nædre</i>; Latin, <i>natrix</i>; English, <i>adder</i>. The
+epithet <i>nimhe</i>, poison, is often added, and a compound word made,
+<i>nathair-neimhe</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Peist</i>, a word I have before alluded to, is analogous with the Latin
+<i>best-ia</i>, and means a <i>worm</i>, a <i>beast</i>, as well as a <i>serpent</i>.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">  E<span class="smcap lowercase">IRIONNACH</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>CANONS AND ARTICLES OF 1571.</span></h3>
+
+
+      <p class="i5">Dearest Sir,</p>
+
+
+<p>Yours of the 4th I showed to Mr. Baker, who desires me to tell you, that
+the Canons of 1571, with the subscriptions, are (as the Articles) in
+paper bound up in the same volume of the <i>Synodalia</i>, and stand there
+next to the "Articles of 1571" subscribed by the Archbishop and ten
+Bishops.</p>
+
+<p>I agree with you that the MS. of 1562 was designed to be subscribed
+without alterations; but your reasons do not satisfy me that the
+alterations were posterior to the subscription, for notwithstanding the
+alterations it appeared very plain to the subscribers what they
+subscribed to, and there needed no memorandum to them that the lines of
+minium were designed to exclude all that was scored; and the care that
+was taken to alter the account of the number of lines and Articles of
+the several pages conformably to the alterations made by the lines of
+minium was wholly unnecessary, and to no purpose, except the
+subscriptions were to follow, in the middle of which the subscribers own
+the exact number of Articles and lines in every page, and therefore this
+care was necessary that their subscription might be true; but supposing
+they subscribed before the alterations, the lines of minium were
+sufficient to show what alterations were to be made in the new copy of
+the Articles, and not the least occasion for adjusting the number of
+Articles and lines at the end to the foregoing pages. But both these are
+but conjectures on your and my part, and the main point does not depend
+upon them, which is in my opinion, whether this MS. could be designed
+for the <i>Publick Record</i>, and that it was not I think the want of such a
+memorandum as you speak of, as well as the Archbishop leaving it to C.
+C. C. as his own property, is a sufficient evidence: though I must
+confess I am apt to think the postscript in the <i>Publick Record</i> (which
+I take to be printed from the record in Renald Wolfe's edition of 1563
+referred to by your adversary) refers to this MS., and the subscriptions
+to it of both houses.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Baker nor I had Gibson's <i>Synod. Anglicana</i>; but this morning I got
+a sight of it from the booksellers, and have sent it to Mr. Baker, who I
+hope will make a better use of it than I am able to do; the passage you
+refer to favours an opinion that I have had, that the subscriptions were
+left in the keeping of the President of the Convocation, the Archbishop
+or Bishop of London; but that a <i>Publick Record</i> (different from that
+with the subscriptions, and left with the President) was engrossed in
+parchment, and preserved in its proper place, the Registry of the
+Convocation; and thus that which Archbishop Laud found at Lambeth might
+be left there.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot tell exactly the number of blank pages (whether three or more)
+between the subscription of the Bishops and of the Lower House in 1562.
+Both Mr. Baker and I omitted to take so much notice of it; but we both
+remember that there might be room in the MS. for the clause in the
+beginning of the twentieth Article, partly in the space between the
+nineteenth and the twentieth Article, and partly in the margin; or in
+the margin there might be room enough for the whole clause.</p>
+
+<p>Rogers' first edition was 1579, under this title: "The English Creed,
+wherein is contained in tables an Exposition on the Articles, which
+every one is to subscribe unto. Where the Article is expounded by
+Scriptures and Confessions of all the Reformed Churches and Heresies
+displayed, by Thomas Rogers. Printed for Andrew Mansell, 1579, in fol."
+This title I transcribe from Andrew Mansell's printed Catalogue of
+Books, published 1595. I mentioned to you another edition in 1585, the
+first part, and 1587, the second part, with a new title and pretty great
+additions; and I think I told you the second part began with the
+twentieth Article. It may seem from thence that his first edition in
+1579 was not upon all the Articles; but I believe it <a id="was492"></a>was,<span class="pagenum">[492]</span>
+ and that the other edition came not out both parts together, because of the
+additions. I am sorry you find it not among Mr. Anstey's books, nor can
+I find it here. With my humble service to your good lady, I am, dearest
+sir, your most affectionate humble servant,</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">    T<span class="smcap lowercase">HO</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ROWNE</span>.
+</p>
+
+<p>The letter, of which the above is a transcript, may be interesting to
+some of your readers; I therefore send it you for publication; the name
+of the person to whom it was addressed, and the date, have been torn
+off.</p>
+
+
+<p class="right">   <ins title="Greek: P.">&#982;.</ins></p>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot"> [Thomas Browne, the writer of the foregoing letter, was a fellow
+   of St. John's College, Cambridge; but subsequently, with his
+   friend Mr. Baker, became a Nonjuror. The letter appears to have
+   been written to the Rev. Hilkiah Bedford, a Nonjuring clergyman,
+   who was at this time preparing his masterly reply to Anthony
+   Collins' work, <i>Priestcraft in Perfection</i>, which was published
+   in 1709. Mr. Bedford's work was published anonymously, and is
+   entitled, <i>A Vindication of the Church of England from the
+   Aspersions of a late Libel entituled "Priestcraft in Perfection,"
+   &amp;c.</i> By a Priest of the Church of England: London, 1710. The
+   preface has been attributed to Dr. Joseph Trapp. Mr. Bedford has
+   availed himself of the information conveyed to him in the letter
+   given above, especially in pages 32. 35. 42. 78. 84. At page 101.
+   he says, "I shall set down what farther account concerning this
+   ancient MS. I have received in several letters from two persons
+   of great learning and integrity at Cambridge, who have consulted
+   these MSS. of Corpus Christi formerly, and been so obliging to
+   examine them again now for my satisfaction, with all the care and
+   exactness due to a matter of such moment." The <i>minium</i> mentioned
+   by the writer of the letter is the red lead pencil commonly used
+   by Archbishop Parker, for noting particular passages in the
+   documents he perused.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ON TWO PASSAGES IN DRYDEN.</span></h3>
+
+<p>I have met with a notion in Dryden's <i>Poems</i>, which reads very like a
+blunder. It occurs in the "Spanish Friar," as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">    <p>  "There is a pleasure sure in being mad,</p>
+    <p>  Which none but madmen know."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">And again in this couplet:</p>
+
+
+    <div class="poem"><p>  "And frantic men in their mad actions show</p>
+    <p>  A happiness, that none but madmen know;"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">There is a description of madness to which all men are more or less
+subject, and which Pascal alludes to in one of his "Pensées:"</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Les hommes sont si nécessairement fous, que ce serait être fou
+   par un autre tour de folie, que de ne pas être fou:"</p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">or, as Boileau has it in the couplet:</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem"> <p>  "Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgré leurs soins,</p>
+     <p> Ne diffèrent, entre eux, que du plus ou du moins."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>There is another sort of madness which is described by Terence as</p>
+
+
+    <div class="poem"> <p> &mdash;&mdash; "cum ratione insanire."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">And there is a third species of it, which Dryden himself speaks of in
+the well-known line adopted from Seneca:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"> <p>     "Great wits are sure to madness near allied."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Now, it is obvious that, in the passages above quoted from Dryden, he
+does not refer to any of these three kinds of madness. As a man, he
+could say in regard to the first:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">     <p> "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto."</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">As a man of the world his whole life was an exemplification of the
+second; for no one knew better than he how to be mad by rule. And as one
+of our greatest wits he was entitled to claim a near alliance to that
+madness which is characteristic of men of genius. It is clear,
+therefore, that, in the lines quoted above, he speaks of that total
+deprivation of reason, which is emphatically described as stark, staring
+madness; and hence the blunder. In point of fact, Dryden either knew the
+pleasure and happiness of which he speaks, as belonging to that sort of
+madness, or he did not know them. If he knew them, then by his own
+showing he was a madman. If he did not know them, how could he affirm
+that none but madmen knew them?</p>
+
+<p>Should my view of this matter be incorrect, I shall be thankful to any
+of your readers who will take the trouble to set me right.</p>
+
+
+<p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.</p>
+   <p class="left">    St. Lucia, April 15. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A highly respectable woman, recently
+living in my service, and who was born and bred in the household of the
+late Duke of Leinster, told me that, when she was a child, she was much
+about the person of "the old Duchess;" and that she had often seen the
+bloody handkerchief that was taken off Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after he
+had been shot at his capture. This relic of her unfortunate son the
+venerable and noble lady always wore stitched inside her dress. The
+peerage states that she was a daughter of the Duke of Richmond, was
+married in 1746-7, and bore seventeen children. As the arrest of Lord
+Edward Fitzgerald was not until 1798, she must have been full seventy
+years old when she thus mourned; reminding one in the sternness of her
+grief of the "Ladye of Branksome."</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">     A. G.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Chaucer and Gray.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Of all the oft-quoted lines from Gray's <i>Elegy</i>,
+there is not one which is more frequently introduced than the well-known</p>
+
+ <div class="poem"> <p>    "E'en, in our ashes live their wonted fires."</p></div>
+
+<p>Now Gray was an antiquary, and there is no doubt too well read in
+Chaucer. Is it too <a id="much493"></a>much,<span class="pagenum">[493]</span> therefore, to suggest that he owed this
+line to one in Chaucer's "Reves Prologue:"</p>
+
+ <div class="poem">  <p>   "Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."</p></div>
+
+<p>In Chaucer the sentiment it embodies is satirical:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <p>     "For whan we may not don, than wol we speken,</p>
+ <p>     Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>In Gray, on the other hand, it is the moralist who solemnly declares:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+   <p>   "E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries,</p>
+   <p>   E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>But the coincidence cannot surely be accidental.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">     W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> J. T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMS</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Shakspeare Family.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the <i>Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum
+Cancellariæ Hiberniæ Calendarium</i>, vol. i. pars i. p. 99 b. is an
+entry, which shows that one Thomas <i>Shakespere</i> and Richard Portyngale
+were appointed Comptrollers of Customs in the port of Youghal, in
+Ireland, in the fifty-first year of Edward III.
+</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    J. F. F.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall</i></span>
+<span> (Vol. iii., p. 422.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The epitaph in
+Killyleagh churchyard is not unlike the following inscription on the
+tomb of Umphrey Tindall, D.D., Dean of Ely and President of Queen's
+College, Cambridge, who died Oct 12, 1650, in his sixty-fifth year, and
+is buried in the south aisle of the choir of Ely Cathedral:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem"> <p>  "In presence, government, good actions, and in birth,</p>
+     <p> Grave, wise, courageous, noble, was this earth;</p>
+  <p>    The poor, the Church, the College say, here lies</p>
+     <p> A friend, a Dean, a Master, true, good, wise."</p>
+</div>
+
+
+ <p class="right">       K. C.</p>
+
+     <p class="left">    Cambridge.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Specimens of Composition.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the current (June) number of the
+<i>Eclectic Review</i> there is a critique on Gilfillan's <i>Bards of the
+Bible</i>, the writer of which indulges in the use of several most
+inelegant, extraordinary, and unpardonable expressions. He speaks of
+"spiritual monoptotes," &amp;c., as if all his readers were as learned as he
+himself professes to be: but the climax of his sorry literary attempt is
+as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Over the whole literature of modern times there is a feeling of
+   reduced inspiration, milder possession, relaxed orgasmus,
+   tabescent vitality, spiritual collapse."&mdash;P. 725.</p>
+
+
+<p>What would the author of the <i>Spectator</i> have thought of a writer who
+could unblushingly parade before the literary public such words as
+"relaxed orgasmus," "tabescent vitality," "monoptotes," &amp;c.?
+</p>
+
+    <p class="right">     J. H. K<span class="smcap lowercase">ERSHAW</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest."</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It has been much canvassed, what
+induced Burke to call Junius the "mighty boar of the forest." In the
+thirteenth book of the <i>Iliad</i> I found that Idomeneus, when awaiting the
+attack of Æneas, is compared to the "boar of the mountains." I think it
+therefore probable that Burke applied the comparison (quoting, from
+memory) to Junius. Perhaps you will not think this trifle unworthy of a
+place among the "Notes."</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">       K<span class="smcap lowercase">ENNETH</span> R. H. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2>
+
+
+<h3><span>QUERIES ON TENNYSON.</span></h3>
+
+<p>I should be much obliged to any of your correspondents who would explain
+the following passages of Tennyson:</p>
+
+<p>1. <i>Vision of Sin</i> (<i>Poems</i>, p. 361.):</p>
+
+
+  <div class="poem"> <p>        "God made himself an awful rose of dawn."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>2. <i>Vision of Sin</i> (<i>Poems</i>, p. 367.):</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+                    <p class="i11">    "Behold! it was a crime</p>
+   <p>   Of sense avenged by sense that wore with time."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>3. <i>In Memoriam</i>, p. 127.:</p>
+
+
+  <div class="poem"> <p>   "Over those ethereal eyes</p>
+   <p>   The bar of Michael Angelo."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>(Coleridge, <i>Introduction to Second Lay Sermon</i>, p. xxvi., says:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">"Whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above
+   the eye-brows, bespoke observation followed by meditative
+   thought:"</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">but why the allusion to Michael Angelo?)</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> [Is our correspondent aware that the "<i>Bar</i> of Michael Angelo"
+   has already formed the subject of a Query from M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>. See
+   our 2nd Vol., p. 166.]</p>
+
+<p>4. <i>The Princess</i>, p. 66.:</p>
+
+
+    <div class="poem"> <p> "Dare we dream of that, I ask'd,</p>
+     <p> Which wrought us, as the workman and his work,</p>
+     <p> That practice betters."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>"Heir of all the ages." Is this traceable to the following lines of
+Goethe?</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">      <p>"Mein Vermächtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit!</p>
+   <p>   Die Zeit ist mein Vermächtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Is the poem "The Lord of Burleigh" founded on fact or not? In an old
+review of Tennyson in the <i>Westminster and Foreign Quarterly</i>, it is
+stated to refer to the "mesalliance of the Marquis of Westminster;" but
+any such notion is denied in the article on "Ballad Poetry" in the last
+number of that journal.</p>
+
+    <p class="right">      E<span class="smcap lowercase">RYX</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ANCIENT MODES OF HANGING BELLS.</span></h3>
+
+<p>In the Churchwardens' accounts of Ecclesfield parish, the following
+entries occur:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "1527. It. paid to James Frodsam for makyng of iiij bell collers,
+   xiiij<span class="topnum">d</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "&mdash;&mdash;. It. paid to Robert Dawyre mẽdyng a bell wheyll, iij<span class="topnum">d</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "1530. It. for festnynge a gogon in ye belle yocke, j<span class="topnum">d</span>."</p>
+
+
+<p>The foregoing extracts are quoted with a view to ascertaining at how
+early a period the framework, now employed for suspending bells<a id="bells494"></a> in<span class="pagenum">[494]</span>churches,
+ was in use. It would appear that in 1527 the bell-<i>wheel</i> was
+known, and the bell swung on gudgeons ("gogon"), as it does now; but it
+may be doubted whether it was the same full wheel which we have. In a
+paper on Bells, read before the Bristol and West of England
+Architectural Society, Dec. 10, 1849, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, and
+which has since been published in that Society's Report, I observe that
+two interesting plates of the bell-wheels are given: one being the old
+half-wheel, as still to be seen at Dunchideock in Devonshire; and the
+other the present whole wheel, which Mr. Ellacombe considers was a new
+thing in 1677.</p>
+
+<p>Supposing that only the half-wheel was known in 1725, still the leverage
+which it afforded in raising the bell was the same as is given by its
+modern substitute. What then was the still earlier way of obtaining the
+momentum necessary to peal-ringing? A drawing of an ancient campanile
+turret which I have, exhibits a short piece of wood stuck at right
+angles into the beam to which the bell is fastened; and from the end of
+this, the rope depends, and would, of course, when pulled, easily swing
+the bell on its axle.</p>
+
+<p>Observation in old belfries, or illustrations in old books, would
+possibly throw light upon my Query, which is, What were the modes of
+hanging church bells for ringing, prior to the invention of the
+bell-wheel?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.
+</p>
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>English Sapphics.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your readers furnish a list of the best
+specimens of the English sapphic metre in the English language?&mdash;Every
+one is familiar with Canning's <i>Needy Knife Grinder</i>, in the poetry of
+the <i>Anti-Jacobin</i>, but I do not believe Dr. Watts's beautiful sapphic
+lines are as well known as they deserve. I have not a copy of them by
+me, but I give the first stanza from memory:</p>
+
+
+    <div class="poem"> <p> "When the fierce North Wind, with his airy forces,</p>
+ <p>     Rears up the Baltic to a foaming fury,</p>
+   <p>   And the red lightning, with a storm of hail, comes</p>
+                        <p class="i7">Rushing amain down."</p></div>
+
+
+   <p class="right">        F<span class="smcap lowercase">M</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Equestrian Statues.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have heard it remarked that, with the solitary
+exception of the Duke of Wellington, there is no instance of an
+equestrian statue being erected to a subject, in Her Majesty's
+dominions. Is this so?</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">      F<span class="smcap lowercase">M</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Plays in Churches.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In Cooke's <i>Leicestershire</i> the following is given
+as an extract from the church register of Syston:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "1602, paid to Lord Morden's players because they should not play
+   in the church, 12<span class="topnum">d</span>."</p>
+
+<p>Who was this Lord Morden; and did the chartered players claim the right
+of their predecessors, the "moralitie men," to use the church for their
+representations? Was the 12<i>d.</i> given as a bribe to the players to
+induce them to forego their claim, or expended in the hire of a place
+more in accordance with the parish authorities' ideas of propriety?</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">      E<span class="smcap lowercase">MUN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span>"<i>The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong.</i>"</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Where is this oft-quoted
+line to be found, and who is the author of it? It is marked as a
+quotation in Pope's <i>Dunciad</i>, book iv.</p>
+
+
+     <p class="right">      S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">MSON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Serius, where situated?</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In requesting the information upon a point in
+geography with which this note concludes, I shall not, I trust, incur
+censure for introducing it by quoting a few of the lines in which the
+poet Vida conveys to parents his advice upon the choice of a master for
+their sons:</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem">  <p> "Interea moniti vos hic audite, parentes,</p>
+      <p>Quærendus rector de millibus, eque legendus,</p>
+    <p>  Sicubi Musarum studiis insignis et arte,</p>
+     <p> Qui curas dulces, carique parentis amorem</p>
+     <p> Induat, atque velit blandum perferre laborem.</p>
+   <p class="i3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*</p>
+    <p>  Ille autem, pueri cui credita cura colendi,</p>
+    <p>  Artibus egregiis, in primis optet amari,</p>
+     <p> Atque odium cari super omnia vitet alumni."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>I cannot pass unnoticed his counsel to masters:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><p>      "Ponite crudeles iras, et flagra, magistri,</p>
+    <p>  F&oelig;da ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis.</p>
+     <p> Ne mihi ne, quæso, puerum quis verbera cogat</p>
+    <p>  Dura pati; neque enim lacrymas, aut dulcis alumni</p>
+    <p>  Ferre queunt Musæ gemitus, ægræque recedunt,</p>
+<p>      Illiusque cadunt animi," &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Vida exemplifies the consequences of the furious character and raging
+conduct of a master, in the harsh treatment of his defenceless flock
+(<i>turba invalida</i>), in the instance of a lovely boy, who, forgetful of
+fear,</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem">  <p> "Post habuit ludo jussos ediscere versus."</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The terror excited by the savage pedagogue throws the poor little fellow
+into a fatal illness:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">   <p>   "Quo subito terrore puer miserabilis acri</p>
+  <p>    Corripitur morbo; parvo is post tempore vitam</p>
+     <p> Crescentem blandâ c&oelig;li sub luce reliquit.</p>
+   <p>   Illum populifer Padus, illum <i>Serius</i> imis</p>
+<p>      <i>Seriades</i>que diu Nymphæ flevere sub undis."</p>
+  <p class="author">    <i>Vidæ Poet.</i>, lib, i. 216. &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<p>My inquiry is after <i>Serius Seriades</i>que Nymphæ. Where is the Serius?
+What is the Italian name for this (I presume) tributary of the Po?</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">   F. W. F.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Hollander's Austerity, &amp;c.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Will you, or some one of your readers,
+kindly explain the allusions in the following passage?&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Mr. Secretary Winwood is dead, whereby you see <i>Death expects no
+   Complement</i>, otherwise he would certainly have <i>kept it at the
+   Staff's End</i>, with a kind of <i>Hollander's austerity</i>." [Sir Th.
+   Wentworth to<a id="to495"></a> Sir<span class="pagenum">[495]</span> H. Wotton, Nov. 8. 1617, <i>Strafford's
+   Letters and Despatches</i>, vol. i. p. 5.]</p>
+
+    <p class="right">     C. P. P<span class="smcap lowercase">H***</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Brother Jonathan.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Why is, and when first was, this fraternal cognomen
+bestowed upon the United States of America? Is it strictly applicable to
+the whole of the Union, or only to those states which were settled and
+peopled by the Puritan fathers?</p>
+
+  <p class="right"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">AMPKIN</span>.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney."</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any one inform me when,
+and by whom, the ludicrous ballad, entitled the Groves of Blarney, was
+composed, and where it may be found. Everybody knows the lines which
+describe "Cupid and Venus and old Nicodemus, all standing out in the
+open air."</p>
+
+    <p class="right">      E. V.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Carnaby.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;What is the derivation and meaning of this word, as the name
+of a square or street?</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">   A<span class="smcap lowercase">RUN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Death of Death's Painter.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Most persons have heard of the story of an
+Italian painter who embodied the idea of Death on the canvass so
+truthfully, that the contemplation of it caused his own death. I always
+thought it was fabulous, till I met with it in the translation of
+Vasari's <i>Lives of the Painters</i>, vol. ii. p. 305., now being published
+in Bohn's <i>Standard Library</i>. The name of Fivizzano is there given to
+the painter, and the following epigram is said to have been inscribed
+beneath the picture:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">
+    <p> "Me veram pictor divinus mente recepit.</p>
+     <p class="i3"> Admota est operi deinde perita manus.</p>
+     <p> Dumque opere in facto defigit lumina pictor,</p>
+      <p class="i3">  Intentus nimium, palluit et moritur.</p>
+     <p>Viva igitur sum mors, non mortua mortis imago</p>
+        <p class="i3"> Si fungor, quo mors fungitur officio."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">Which may be thus translated:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+ <p> Me with such truth the painter's mind discerned,</p>
+         <p class="i3">  While with such skilful hand the work he plied,</p>
+     <p> That when to view his finished work he turned,</p>
+          <p class="i3">  With horror stricken, he grew pale, and died.</p>
+    <p>  Sure I am living Death, not Death's dead shade,</p>
+         <p class="i3"> That do Death's work, and am like Death obeyed.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Can you refer me to any authority for the story?</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">    J. C. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">     Finsbury.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Book Plates.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have been some years collecting book plates with a
+view latterly of writing <i>A History of Book Plates</i>, if I can find time
+to do so. Several years ago, in a paper which was printed in the <i>Oxford
+Heraldic Society's Report</i>, I suggested 1700 as their earliest known
+date. I am glad to have an opportunity of mentioning that paper for the
+sake of saying, that I made some mistakes in it. Mr. Burgon on seeing it
+said, in a following report, that he had seen a book plate dated 1698. I
+have since obtained one or two dated in that year. I am anxious to know
+from any of your readers whether they have seen any English book plate
+dated before 1698. I am inclined to think that foreign book plates are
+to be found of an earlier date. I have some, unfortunately not dated,
+which I think are earlier. There is no doubt, however, that in this
+country at least they did not become general till after that date. If I
+live to publish the little work which I meditate, I will give all the
+information which I can produce on the subject.</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">       D<span class="smcap lowercase">ANIEL</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARSONS</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Querelle d'Allemand.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The phrase, "faire une querelle d'Allemand,"
+means, as your readers are aware, to pick a quarrel with a person for
+the mere pleasure of quarrelling: and the earliest instance of its
+application, that occurs to me, will be found in one of Du Vair's
+essays, where speaking of the virtues of some of his predecessors in the
+office of "chancelier", he says:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Après avoir longuement et fidèlement servi la patrie, on leur
+   dresse des querelles d'Allemand, et de fausses accusations pour
+   les bannir des affaires."
+</p>
+
+<p>Is the origin of this expression connected with any particular
+occurrence in history; or has it arisen from any proneness to quarrel,
+which might be said to be inherent in the national character of the
+Germans?</p>
+
+  <p class="right">      H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.
+</p>
+    <p class="left">   St. Lucia, May, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Bassenet of Eaton.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Edward Bassenet, the first married Dean of St.
+Patrick's, Dublin, and who in the words of Swift, "surrendered the
+deanery to that beast Hen. VIII.," was of a family seated at Eaton, in
+Denbighshire. He had four sons, Richard, William, John, and George; on
+whom he settled the Irish property which he acquired at the surrender,
+and probably what he held at Eaton. (See Mason's <i>St. Patrick's</i>, p.
+151.)</p>
+
+<p>Can any of your correspondents inform me if this family be still in
+existence, and in possession? or if not, how soon it failed? From the
+notices given by Mason, it seems probable that the eldest son died
+without issue; but even this is not certain, and beyond this I have no
+clue.</p>
+
+     <p class="right">        D. X.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your valued
+contributors trace the origin of this ancient fortress, which is
+situated on a peak of the Grampian Hills, seven miles north-east from
+Crieff, immediately above the romantic glen of Almond, so much spoken of
+in Wordsworth's poems as the burial-place of Ossian. The fort has the
+appearance of a large circus ring, around which are scattered the
+remains of this once remarkable stronghold, and which to every
+appearance have been burned to an extensive degree. Tradition assigns it
+to be the spot in which the Caledonians so nobly defended the further
+progress northward of the Romans; and also that it was the custom in
+those days, for the purpose of making their places of defence more
+secure, to<a id="build496"></a> build<span class="pagenum">[496]</span> a double wall, in which all manner of
+combustibles were put, which they kindled, and let burn for the space of
+a few days. Being peculiarly attached to this romantic spot, and anxious
+to have any particulars regarding its history, perhaps you would be so
+kind as give it a corner in your valuable "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES;</span>"  whereby
+it may be the means of gaining an answer to my Query.</p>
+
+     <p class="right">     J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> C.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical Historian.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The catalogue of the
+Bodleian Library asserts that this author's real name is Hugh Tootle. I
+should like to know the authority for this statement?</p>
+
+
+      <p class="right">      T<span class="smcap lowercase">YRO</span>.</p>
+
+     <p class="left">   Dublin.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;If you, or any of your
+correspondents, can inform me when the remaining volume of the new
+edition of Archbishop Ussher's works by Dr. Elrington, is likely to be
+published, I shall esteem it a favour, as I am unable to learn from the
+booksellers.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   C. P<span class="smcap lowercase">AINE</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Family of Etty the Artist.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the <i>Diary</i> of Ralph Thoresby, F. R.
+S., 1702, vol. i. p. 366., occurs the following passage:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "Evening sat up too late with a parcel of artists I had got on my
+   hands; Mr. Gyles, the famousest painter of glass perhaps in the
+   world, and his nephew, Mr. Smith, the bell-founder (from whom I
+   received the ringing or gingling spur, and that most remarkable,
+   with a neck six inches and a half long); Mr. Carpenter the
+   statuary, and Mr. Etty the painter, with whose father, Mr. Etty,
+   sen<span class="topnum">r</span>, the architect, the most celebrated Grinlin Gibbons wrought
+   at York, but whether apprenticed with him or not I remember not
+   well. Sate up full late with them."</p>
+
+<p>Thoresby at this time was at York. Were these Ettys ancestors of the
+late William Etty? In the "Autobiography" published in the <i>Art
+Journal</i>, it is stated that his father was a miller at York, but the
+account goes no farther back. It would be interesting to ascertain how
+far this was a case of hereditary genius. Is anything known of the "Etty
+the Painter," and "Etty, Sen., the architect," to whom Thoresby alludes?
+and are any of their works extant?</p>
+
+  <p class="right">    G. J. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILDE</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>St. Hibbald.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Who was St. Hibbald, and where is some account of him to
+be found? He is reported to have been buried at Hibbaldstowe, near
+Kirton, in Lindsey.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">     K. P. D. E.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"</i></span></h4>
+
+
+<p>&mdash;I have heard some wild guesses on
+this subject; the most preposterous, perhaps, being that which would
+connect the term with gooseberry <i>food</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Has not the French word <i>fouler</i>, "to press," or "squeeze," something to
+do with the matter?</p>
+
+
+  <p class="right">     T. J. T.</p>
+
+   <p class="left">   Cheltenham, May 6. 1851.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot"> [Our correspondent will find ample confirmation of the accuracy
+   of his derivation in Tarver's <i>Phraseological Dictionary</i>, where,
+   under <i>Fouler</i>, he will find the examples, "<i>Fouler des pommes,
+   du raisin</i>, to press, to crush, to squeeze apples, grapes."]
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Biography of Bishop Hurd.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The longest biographical sketch I remember
+to have seen of the late Bishop Hurd, the friend and biographer of
+Bishop Warburton, was in a work called the <i>Ecclesiastical Register</i>, or
+some such name, I suppose of the date of 1809 or thereabouts. Can any
+correspondent of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"  direct me to the precise title and
+date of the work, or point out any better sketch of the Bishop's life?</p>
+
+<p class="right">     F. K.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   [In the collected Works of Bishop Hurd, 8 vols. 8vo., edit. 1811,
+   will be found an autobiographical sketch of the Bishop, entitled
+   "Some Occurrences in my Life," discovered among his papers after
+   his decease. Nichols' <i>Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
+   Century</i>, vol. vi. pp. 468-512., contains a long and interesting
+   account of the Bishop. See also the <i>Annual Register</i>, vol. 1. p.
+   155.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Friday, why considered unlucky.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your readers tell me why
+Friday is considered an unlucky day?</p>
+
+
+<p class="right">    E. N. W.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [There is no doubt the belief of Friday being an unlucky day
+   originated in its being the day of the Crucifixion. A very early
+   allusion to this superstition, and which has not we believe been
+   recorded by Brande, will be found in Geoffrey de Vinsauf's
+   "Lament for Richard C&oelig;ur de Lion," who was killed on a Friday:</p>
+
+
+ <div class="poem"><p>     "O Veneris lacrymosa dies, O sidus amarum!</p>
+ <p>     Illa dies tua nox fuit, et Venus illa venenum."</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   It is to this passage Chaucer refers in his <i>Nonnes</i> Preeste's
+   Tale, v. 15, 353., <i>et seq.</i>, when he says:</p>
+
+
+ <div class="poem">    <p> "O Gaufride, dere maister soverain,</p>
+    <p>  That, whan thy worthy King Richard was slain</p>
+   <p>   With shot, complainedest his deth so sore,</p>
+    <p>  Why ne had I now thy science and thy lore,</p>
+    <p>  The Friday for to chiden, as did ye?</p>
+<p>      For on a Friday sothly slain was he."]</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Can any of your contributors
+inform me whether the prefix "Right Honourable" is accorded to the title
+of the Lord Mayor of London as a mere matter of courtesy, or whether our
+Chief Magistrate is for the time being <i>ex officio</i> a Privy Councillor,
+and consequently "Right Honourable?"</p>
+
+<p>If any authority for either position can be cited, so much the more
+satisfactory.</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">      L<span class="smcap lowercase">EGALIS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [The Lord Mayor is never sworn as a Privy Councillor; but on the
+   demise of the Crown attends the meeting, of the Privy Council
+   held on such occasion, and signs the proclamation of the new
+   Sovereign.<a id="On497"></a> On<span class="pagenum">[497]</span> the accession of William IV., some objection
+   was, we believe, made to the admission of the Lord Mayor into the
+   Council Chamber, which was, however, abandoned on an intimation
+   that if the Lord Mayor was not admitted, he would retire,
+   accompanied by his officers and the aldermen who were present.]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Alterius Orbis Papa.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the Bishop of Exeter's celebrated <i>Pastoral
+Letter</i>, p. 44., the Archbishop of Canterbury is styled&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "The second spiritual chief of Christendom, <i>alterius orbis
+   Papa</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p>In conversation a few days since I heard these expressions objected to,
+when a gentleman present observed that the title "Alterius orbis Papa"
+was conferred by the Bishop of Rome, or Pope of Christendom, on his
+confrère of Canterbury, at a very early period. His memory did not
+furnish him with the precise date, but he was convinced that such was
+the fact as reported in Collier's <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, and seemed
+inclined to refer it to a period not long subsequent to the mission of
+Augustine.</p>
+
+<p>Is such the fact? or, if not, to whom may the words be ascribed?</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">          A. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="left">       Redland, June 5.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  [Carwithen, in his <i>History of the Church of England</i>, vol. i. p.
+   40., speaking of Wolsey's attempt to gain the popedom, says, "His
+   aim was the chair of St. Peter, and to the attainment of his
+   wishes he rendered subservient both the alliances and the
+   enmities of his own country. At home, even the papacy could
+   confer on him no accession of power: he was indeed <i>papa alterius
+   orbis</i>."]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Mrs. Elstob.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p class="blockquot">&mdash;Mrs. Elstob, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, is stated by a
+recent reviewer to have passed the period of her seclusion in a village
+in Wiltshire, until taken notice of by a neighbouring clergyman. What
+village was this, and who was the clergyman? for other authorities place
+her at Evesham in Worcestershire.</p>
+
+
+      <p class="right">   J. W.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">[We are inclined to think that <i>Wiltshire</i> must be a misprint for
+   <i>Worcestershire</i> in the Review, as the notices of Miss Elstob in
+   Kippis' <i>Biographia Britannica</i>, and Nichols' <i>Anecdotes of
+   Bowyer</i>, only speak of her retirement in distressed circumstances
+   to Evesham, where she attracted the notice of Mr. Ballard, author
+   of <i>Memoirs of British Ladies</i>, and of Mrs. Capon, wife of the
+   Rev. Mr. Capon, of Stanton, in Gloucestershire.]
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Cardinal Bellarmin.</i></span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I find the following passage in D'Israeli's
+<i>Curiosities of Literature</i>:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Bellarmin was made a Cardinal for his efforts and devotion to
+   the Papal cause, and maintaining this monstrous paradox&mdash;that if
+   the Pope forbid the exercise of virtue and command that of vice,
+   the Roman Church, under pain of sin, was obliged to abandon
+   virtue for vice, if it would not sin against conscience."</p>
+
+
+<p>Can any of your readers favour me with the text in Bellarmin, which
+contains this "monstrous paradox?"</p>
+
+
+     <p class="right">   H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> H. B<span class="smcap lowercase">REEN</span>.
+</p>
+     <p class="left">   St. Lucia, May, 1851.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   [The passage will be found in <i>Disputationum Roberti Bellarmini,
+   de Controversiis Christianæ Fidei: De Summo Pontifice</i>, lib. iv.
+   cap. v. sect. 8.: Pragæ, 1721, fol., vol. i. p. 456.:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "8. Secundò, quia tune necessariò erraret, etiam circa fidem. Nam
+   fides Catholica docet, omnem virtutem esse bonam, omne vitium
+   esse malum: si autem Papa erraret præcipiendo vitia, vel
+   prohibendo virtutes, teneretur Ecclesia credere, vitia esse bona,
+   et virtutes malas, nisi vellet contra conscientiam peccare.
+   Tenetur enim in rebus dubiis Ecclesia acquiescere judicio summi
+   Pontificis, et facere quod ille præcipit; non facere, quod ille
+   prohibet; ac nè fortè contra conscientiam agat, tenetur credere
+   bonum esse, quod ille præcipit: malum, quod ille prohibet."]</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2>
+
+<h3><span>SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "CAPTIOUS" AND "INTENIBLE." SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL LATIN."<br />
+(Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. 65.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>This is another discussion in which Shakspeare's love of antithesis has
+not been sufficiently recognised.</p>
+
+<p>The contrast in this case is in the ideas&mdash;ever receiving, never
+retaining: an allusion to the hopeless punishment of the Danaïdes, so
+beautifully appropriate, so unmistakeably apparent, and so well
+supported in the context, that I should think it unnecessary to offer a
+comment upon it had the question been raised by a critic less
+distinguished than M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>; or if I did not fancy that I perceive the
+origin of what I believe to be his mistake, in the misreading of another
+line, the last in his quotation.</p>
+
+<p>The hopelessness of Helena's love is cheerfully endured; she glories in
+it:</p>
+
+<div class="poem">
+     <p> "I know I love in vain&mdash;strive against hope&mdash;</p>
+   <p>   Yet still outpour the waters of my love,</p>
+   <p>   And lack not to lose still."</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">This last line M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span> reads, "and fail not to lose still;" but
+surely <i>that</i> is not Helena's meaning? She means that her spring of love
+is inexhaustible; that, notwithstanding the constant, hopeless waste,
+there lacks not (a supply) "to lose still!"</p>
+
+<p>Johnson was one of those commentators enumerated by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>, of
+whom he observes, as a matter of surprise, "that none of them
+should have remarked that the sense of the Latin 'captiosus,' and
+of its congeners in Italian and French, is deceitful, fallacious;"
+"and," he adds, "Bacon uses the word for 'insidious,'
+'ensnaring.'" But surely Johnson the commentator was no other than
+Johnson the lexicographer; and yet, for these precise definitions
+of "captious," which J. S. W. thinks "<i>too refined and recondite</i>"
+for Shakspeare's "small Latin," we need apply to<a id="to498"></a> no<span class="pagenum">[498]</span> higher
+source than to that familiar household companion&mdash;<i>Johnson's
+Dictionary</i>, wherein is anticipated the citation of Bacon, and
+even of the French word "captieux."</p>
+
+<p>It could not therefore be from ignorance that Johnson failed to propose
+this recondite sense, but from a conviction that it would not represent
+the true meaning of Shakspeare.</p>
+
+<p>It will be perceived that, in appreciation of "captious," I side with
+Steevens, Malone, Knight, Collier, and even with J.S.W.; in whom,
+however, with his irreverent allusion to "<i>a man</i> who had small Latin,"
+I can recognise no true worshipper of Shakspeare.</p>
+
+<p>Why should Shakspeare be constantly twitted with this "small Latin," as
+if the "<i>school-like gloss</i>" of a hundred Porsons could add one
+scintilla to the glory of his name? His was the universal language of
+nature; and well does M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span> remark that "We all know, by intuition
+as it were, what Shakspeare meant." It is true that we discuss his mere
+words in the endeavour to school our understandings to <span class="smcap lowercase">HIS</span> level; but
+he, hedged by the divinity of immeasurable genius, must, himself, be
+sacred;&mdash;to attempt to measure his attainments by our finite estimation,
+is indeed sacrilege!</p>
+
+<p>In retailing Ben Jonson's unluckily chosen expression, J.S.W. does not
+seem to be aware that it has been doubted, and ably doubted, by Mr.
+Knight, in his <i>History of Opinion</i>, that Jonson himself used it by any
+means in the pedagogue sense usually adopted. And it does seem scarcely
+credible that Jonson would give utterance to a puff so miserably
+threadbare, so absurd too on the very face of it; for in what possible
+way could an alleged deficiency of Greek and Latin <i>in Shakspeare</i>,
+affect a comparison, <i>made by Jonson</i>, between Shakspeare and the poets
+of Greece and Rome? As well might it be said that ignorance of the Greek
+language, in Napoleon Buonaparte, would prevent a parallel between him
+and Alexander the Great! What if Ben Jonson meant his fifth line to
+continue the supposition of the first?&mdash;"<i>though</i>" is a word which has a
+hypothetical, as well as an admissive meaning; and there is no
+difficulty in reading his lines in this way:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "<i>If</i> I thought my judgment were of yours, and <i>though</i> thy
+   learning were less; still I would not seek to compare thee with
+   modern men, but call forth thundering Eschylus," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>But I should like to ask J. S. W., as the nearest example from the same
+play, which does he really think would require the <i>larger</i> Latin,&mdash;to
+discover the trite and only meaning of "captiosus," or to use <i>triple</i>
+in the sense conferred upon it in Helena's description, to the King, of
+her father's legacy? We have not at present in the English language any
+equivalent for that word as Shakspeare used it, and of which he has left
+us another example in <i>Antony and Cleopatra</i>, where the triumvir is
+called "the triple pillar of the world." We have failed to take
+advantage of the lesson given us by our great master, and consequently
+our language is deprived of what would have been a most convenient
+acquisition.</p>
+
+<p>It is true that Johnson gives a definition of "triple," in reference to
+its application to Antony, viz., "consisting of three conjoined;" but
+that meaning, however it might be applicable to the triumvirate
+collectively, is certainly not so to the members individually. To meet
+Shakspeare's use of the word, the definition must be extended to
+"consisting of, <i>or belonging to</i>, three conjoined:" a sense in which
+"triplex" was undoubtedly used by the Latins. Ovid would call the
+triumvirate "viri triplices," and of course each one must be "vir
+triplex;" but perhaps the clearest instance of the triune application is
+where he addresses the Fates (in <i>Ibin.</i> 76.) as spinning out "triplici
+pollice" (with triple thumb) the allotted task. Now as only one of the
+sisters held the thread, there could be but one individual thumb engaged
+(although with a sort of reflective ownership to all three); and there
+can be no question that Ovid would apply the same term to the shears of
+Atropos, or the distaff of Clotho.</p>
+
+<p>Here, then, is a <i>really recondite</i> meaning, fairly traced to
+Shakspeare's own reading; for had he borrowed it from any one else, some
+trace of it would be found, and Warburton need not have stultified
+himself by his sapient note&mdash;"<span class="smcap lowercase">IMPROPERLY USED FOR THIRD</span>!"</p>
+
+<p>But to return to "captious," there is, after all, no such great
+difference whether it be one's goods, or one's wits, that are taken
+possession of; or whether the capture be effected by avidity or fraud;
+both meanings unite in our own word "caption:" and there seems no good
+reason why "captious" should not derive from "caption," as readily as
+"cautious" from "caution." It is for the antithesis I contend, as a key
+to the true sense intended by Shakspeare: the whole play is full of
+antitheses, uttered especially by Helena;&mdash;and certainly, if we
+recognise the allusion to the Danaïdes (as who will not?), we cannot,
+without depriving it of half its force and beauty, receive "captious" in
+the sense of "deceptious." The Danaïdes <i>were not</i> deceived&mdash;the essence
+of their punishment was utter absence of hope; Tantalus <i>was</i>
+deceived&mdash;the essence of <i>his</i> punishment was hope ever recurring.</p>
+
+<p>With respect to the suggestion of "capacious" by W.F.S. (p. 229.), he
+could not have read M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. S<span class="smcap lowercase">INGER</span>'s paper with attention, or he would have
+perceived that he had been anticipated by Farmer, who, by elision, had
+obviated the metrical objection of J.S.W. (p. 430.). But the meaning of
+"capacious" is "capable of containing," and, as such, it would be more
+than antithetical, it<span class="pagenum">[499]</span> would<a id="it499"></a> be contradictory, to "intenible." If
+<i>capacious</i> be consistent with <i>leaky</i>, then the "uxor secreti capax"
+must have been rather an unsafe confidante.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">   A. E. B.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">   Leeds, June 5. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>EARTH THROWN UPON THE COFFIN.<br />
+(Vol. iii., p. 408.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>The origin of this ceremony must undoubtedly be sought in man's natural
+desire to cover a dead body from the public view. The casting a handful
+of soil on the coffin is emblematic of the complete inhumation. The most
+ancient writings have allusions to the shamefulness of a corpse lying
+uninterred. Being thrown outside the walls of Jerusalem, with the burial
+of an ass (Jeremiah xxii. 19.), was regarded as the worst possible fate.</p>
+
+<p>Wheatly's observations upon this point, in his annotations on the burial
+service in the Prayer Book, are as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "The casting earth upon the body was esteemed an act of piety by
+   the very heathens (Ælian, <i>Var. Hist.</i>, l. v. c. 14.), insomuch
+   that to find a body unburied, and leave it uncovered, was judged
+   amongst them a great crime (Hor. l. i. od. 28. v. 36.). In the
+   Greek Church this has been accounted so essential to the
+   solemnity, that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself
+   (Goar, <i>Eucholog. Offic. Exeq.</i>, p. 538.); and the same was
+   enjoined by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of King
+   Edward VI.: '<i>Then the priest casting earth upon the corpse</i>,'
+   &amp;c. But in our present Liturgy (as altered in Queen Elizabeth's
+   reign, 1559), it is only ordered that it '<i>shall be cast upon the
+   body by some standing by</i>:' and so it is generally left to one of
+   the bearers, or sexton, who, according to Horace's description
+   (<i>injecto ter pulvere</i>, vid. supra), gives three casts of earth
+   upon the body or coffin, whilst the priest pronounces the solemn
+   form which explains the ceremony, viz. '<i>earth to earth, ashes to
+   ashes, dust to dust.</i>'"</p>
+
+<p>The note in Horace upon the three words above quoted is very much to the
+point:</p>
+
+<p>   "<i>In sacris hoc genus sepulturæ tradebatur, ut si non obrueretur,
+   manu ter jacta terra, cadaveri pro sepultura esset.</i>" (Vet.
+   Schol.)</p>
+
+<p>The ancients thought that the spirit of an unburied corpse could not
+reach the Elysian fields, but wandered disconsolate by the Styx, until
+some pious hand paid the customary funeral rites. See the case of
+Patroclus (<i>Iliad</i>, xxiii. 70, et seq.). To lay the unquiet ghost, a
+handful of earth on the bodily remains would suffice:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem">     <p> "<i>Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescent.</i>"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The indignity of a public execution is much aggravated by allowing the
+body of the criminal to remain exposed, as in the case of the five sons
+of Saul whose corpses were guarded by Rizpah (2 Sam. xxi.); and in our
+own recent custom of ordering pirates and the worst kind of murderers,
+to be gibbeted in chains, as a monumental warning.</p>
+
+<p>Three or four summers ago I buried an Irish reaper, who had suddenly
+died in the harvest-fields. About half a dozen fellow-labourers, Irish
+and Roman Catholics like himself, bore him to the grave. At the words
+<i>earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust</i>, they threw in handfuls
+of soil; and, as soon as the service was over, they filled up the grave
+with spades which they had brought for the purpose. No doubt, there was
+religious prejudice in all this; but their behaviour was most reverent,
+and what they did seemed to arise from the generous <i>instinct to cover
+the dead body</i> of a comrade.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">      A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+<p><i>Wheatly on the Common Prayer</i> (ch. xii. §5.) derives this custom from
+the ancients, and adds that&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>   "In the Greek Church, the casting earth upon the body has been
+   accounted so essential to the solemnity, that it is ordered to be
+   done by the priest himself. And the same was enjoined by our own
+   rubric in the first Common Prayer of King Edward VI."</p>
+
+<p>For the Greek Church Wheatly refers to Goar <i>Rituale Græcorum</i>, p. 538.
+The passage, which I transcribe from Goar, runs as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Et cadaver in monumento deponitur. Sacerdos vero terram batillo
+   tollens superinjecit cadaveri, dicens, 'Domini est terra et
+   plenitudo ejus: orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.' His
+   peractis cadaveri superinfundunt lampadis oleum, aut e thuribulo
+   cinerem. Atque ita ut moris est, sepulchrum operiunt dum dicuntur
+   moduli," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>The following reference may also be added, Goar, 556., "Officium funeris
+monachorum," where the earth is directed to be thrown "in crucis modum."</p>
+
+
+<p class="right">     N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ON THE WORD "PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."<br />
+(Vol. iii., p. 401.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>"The first folio," says Dr. Johnson, "has in both places <i>prenzie</i>, from
+which the other folios made <i>princely</i>, and every editor may make what
+he can." It will not be difficult, I conceive, to find out what sense
+Shakspeare meant to convey by this word, and to show that what he meant
+he has expressed with sufficient accuracy, though his meaning was soon
+after misunderstood. Our language owes much of its wealth of words to
+the talent which our great poet possessed for coining them&mdash;a talent
+which he exercised with marvelous tact: and if now and then some of them
+failed for want of being properly printed, we may rather wonder that so
+many obtained currency, than that a few ceased to circulate soon after
+they were first introduced.</p>
+
+<p>The idea intended to be conveyed by the<a id="word500"></a> word<span class="pagenum">[500]</span> <i>prenzie</i>, is that
+which is expressed in the following passages:</p>
+
+
+   <div class="poem">  <p class="i3"> "All this I speak <i>in print</i>; for <i>in print</i> I found it."</p>
+             <p class="author"> <i>Two Gentlemen of Verona</i>, Act II. Sc. I.</p></div>
+
+       <div class="poem">  <p class="i5">    "I will do it, Sir, <i>in print</i>."</p>
+             <p class="author">   <i>Love's Labour's Lost</i>, Act III. Sc. I.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">on which Steevens remarks:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "<i>In print</i> means <i>with Exactness</i>&mdash;with the <i>utmost Nicety</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p>He supports this meaning by quotations from other dramatic writers of
+the same age:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><p class="i3">   "Not a hair about his Bulk, but it stands <i>in print</i>." (1605)</p>
+
+<p class="i3">   "I am sure my husband is a Man <i>in print</i>, in all things else."
+   (1635.)</p></div>
+
+
+<p>When, therefore, Claudio, who, as your correspondent L<span class="smcap lowercase">EGES</span> observes, is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:</p>
+
+
+  <div class="poem">  <p class="i3"> "The <i>prenzie</i> Angelo?"</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">he means the same as if he had said:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">  <p class="i3">  "What! that Man <i>in print</i>?"</p>
+  <p class="i3">  "The <i>printsy</i> Angelo?"</p></div>
+
+<p>But <i>prenzie</i> is a term applied to <i>apparel</i> as well us to <i>character</i>;
+and how does this accord with the interpretation here given?</p>
+
+   <div class="poem"><p class="i3">  "O 'tis the cunning livery of hell,</p>
+ <p class="i3">   The damned'st body to invest and cover</p>
+     <p class="i3">In <i>prenzie</i> guards!"</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here again we are supplied by Steevens with apt quotations in
+illustration from other writers of the same age:</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><p class="i3">     "Next, your Ruff must stand <i>in print</i>." (1602.)</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">and</p>
+
+
+<div class="poem"><p class="i3">   "This Doublet sits <i>in print</i>, my Lord!" (1612.)</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "In <i>printsy</i> guards" means the same, therefore, as "Guards <i>in
+   print</i>," or, <i>robes</i> put on "with <i>exactness</i>&mdash;with the <i>utmost
+   nicety</i>."</p>
+
+
+<p><i>Printsy</i> is a word of the same formation with <i>tricksy</i>; and the
+phrase, "The <i>printsy</i> Angelo!" is as good English as "My <i>tricksy</i>
+Ariel!" It was probably pronounced <i>prentsy</i> (<i>prenzie</i>) in the time of
+Shakspeare; the word <i>print</i> being derived from <i>empreinte</i>. Sir W.
+Scott speaks of "a <i>prent</i> book," for a printed book. <i>Besprent</i> is the
+participle of <i>besprinkle</i>. Of similar formation with <i>printsy</i> and
+<i>tricksy</i>, are <i>linsy</i>, <i>woolsy</i>, and <i>frowsy</i>; but as all these
+adjectives, except the first, are derived from nouns representing
+natural or familiar things, while <i>printsy</i> is founded on a word having
+no connexion with any obvious idea, it is probable that this difference
+may account for the fact that <i>printsy</i> so early fell into disuse, while
+the rest were retained without difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>By the word <i>printsy</i>, those four conditions are fulfilled for which
+your correspondent so properly contends:&mdash;1. the word is "suitable to
+the reputed character of Angelo." 2. It is "an appropriate epithet to
+the word <i>guards</i>." 3. It supplies "the proper metre in both places." 4.
+It is "similar in appearance to the word <i>prenzie</i>."</p>
+
+<p>No other word has been produced which so fully represents the formality
+and hypocrisy of Angelo, as described in the quotations so conveniently
+brought into one view by your correspondent, though one of the epithets
+made use of comes very near the mark: "Lord Angelo is <i>precise</i>!"</p>
+
+  <p class="right">     J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>ZACHARIE BOYD.<br />
+(Vol. i., pp. 298. 372. 406.)</span></h3>
+
+<p>I would refer your correspondents H. B., H. I. (p. 372.), and
+P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILOBODIUS</span> and M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. J<span class="smcap lowercase">ERDAN</span> (p. 406.), to the following volumes: <i>The
+Last Battle of the Soule in Death</i>, by Mr. Zacharie Boyd, Preacher of
+God's Word in Glasgow, edited by Gabriel Neil, Glasgow, 1831; McUre's
+<i>History of Glasgow, with Appendix</i>, Glasgow, 1830.</p>
+
+<p>As the first of these vols. is now very scarce (a limited number being
+printed by subscription), the following extracts may be interesting to
+some of your readers, and at the same time correct some errors of our
+correspondents:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Mr. Zacharie Boyd was descended from the family of the Boyds of
+   Pinkill (Carrick, Ayrshire). He was cousin to Mr. Robert Boyd, of
+   Trochrigg, who was appointed Principal of the University of
+   Glasgow in 1615. The date of his birth is not exactly known; some
+   time previous to 1590. He received his education at the school of
+   Kilmarnock. The first notice we have of him is in a letter to
+   Principal Boyd, from David Boyd, in 1605, wherein he says,
+   '<i>There is a friend of yours, Zacharie Boyd, who will pass his
+   course at the colledge within two years.</i>' After having finished
+   his course at the University of Glasgow, he studied at the
+   College of Saumur, in France, under his relation, Robert Boyd: he
+   returned to his native county in 1621. In 1623 he was ordained
+   Minister of the Barony Parish of Glasgow, in which situation he
+   continued till his death in 1653-1654."</p>
+
+
+<p>Mr. Zacharie Boyd was never Principal or a Professor in Glasgow College:
+the only office he ever held in the college was that of Lord Rector (an
+honorary office annually elected), which he held in the years 1634,
+1635, 1645. He was a great benefactor to the college, to which he left
+20,000<i>l.</i> Scots, for buildings and bursaries.</p>
+
+<p>The crypt below Glasgow Cathedral, called St. Mungo's Crypt, was the
+barony church in Zacharie's time, and where he preached; it is this same
+place which Sir Walter Scott so well describes in <i>Rob Roy</i> (vol. ii.
+chap. 3., edition in 48 vols.), where Francis Osbaldistone heard sermon.
+Z. Boyd was, both in prose and verse, a very voluminous writer; his
+works, however, are chiefly in MS. in the library of Glasgow College.</p>
+
+<p>In addition to editing <i>The Last Battle</i>, Mr. Neil has examined the
+"Poetical Works" in MS.; and has given a summary of the whole in
+the<span class="pagenum">[501]</span> Appendix<a id="class501"></a>  to the <i>Biographical Sketch</i>; and has printed for
+the first time upwards of 3000 lines from the poetical MSS.</p>
+
+<p>With regard to Mr. Boyd's poetry, the following account from Neil's
+<i>Biographical Sketch</i> may be accounted satisfactory, with reference to
+the lines often quoted as from Zacharie Boyd's Bible:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "The work, however, which has given the greatest public notoriety
+   to his name as a poetical writer, is that generally called
+   'Zacharie Boyd's Bible,' said to be a metrical version of the
+   whole Scriptures&mdash;an arduous task indeed, if ever he contemplated
+   the undertaking. But such a book as this has existed only in
+   name, not in reality; <i>at least, it is nowhere to be found among
+   his works</i>. The only one approaching to it is a metrical version
+   of the 'Four Evangels,' which proceeds through the Gospels of the
+   New Testament by chapter and verse.... And, among other works, he
+   produced two volumes under the title of '<i>Zion's Flowers</i>,' <i>and
+   it is these</i> which are usually shown as his Bible, and have
+   received that designation. These volumes consist of a collection
+   of Poems from select subjects in Scripture History, such as
+   Jonah, Jephtha, David and Goliath, &amp;c., &amp;c., rendered into the
+   dramatic form, in which various 'Speakers' are introduced, and
+   where the prominent parts of the Scripture narrative are brought
+   forward and amplified. We have a pretty close parallel to these
+   in the 'Ancient Mysteries' of the thirteenth or fourteenth
+   centuries, and in the Sacred Dramas of more modern writers.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">     "It is from this work, <i>Zion's Flowers</i>, that the various
+   quotations which have occasioned so much mirth to the public are
+   said to have been made, <i>but not one of these which are in
+   circulation</i> are to be found there: the only '<i>genuine extract</i>
+   from these MSS. is that printed by Pennant.'"&mdash;<i>Biog. Sketch</i>, p.
+   14. <i>et seq.</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>The "genuine extract" will be found in Pennant's <i>Tour in Scotland</i>,
+vol. ii. p. 156.</p>
+
+<p>P<span class="smcap lowercase">HILOBODIUS</span>, "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>,"  Vol. i., p. 406., will find the four
+lines he quotes given differently there.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">    S. W<span class="smcap lowercase">MSON</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>P.S. To show the extent of Mr. Boyd's <i>poetical perseverance</i>, I subjoin
+a note of the contents of one of his poetical MSS.:&mdash;the <i>Flowers of
+Zion</i>, generally called Zacharie Boyd's Bible.</p>
+
+
+<div class="box">
+
+<table border="0" summary="Contents of Zacharie Boyd's Flowers of Zion">
+<tr><th class="tdleft"></th></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">David and Goliath contains about</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">850</td><td class="tdcenter">lines.</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Historie of Jonah</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">1130</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">&mdash;&mdash; of Samson</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">2100</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">&mdash;&mdash; of Jephtha</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">720</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The Flood of Noah</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">860</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The Tower of Babylon</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">930</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The Destruction of Sodom</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">2000</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Abram commanded to sacrifice Isaac</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">840</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Historie of the Baptist</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">800</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The Fall of Adam</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">900</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Abel murdered</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">900</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Pharaoh's Tyranny and Death</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">2480</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Historie of Jacob and Esau</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">750</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">&mdash;&mdash; of Jacob and Laban</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">1400</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Jacob and Esau reconciled</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">720</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Dinah ravished by Shechem</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">440</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Joseph and his Brethren</td><td class="tdhang" rowspan="2"><b>}</b></td><td class="tdright">1615</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Joseph tempted to Adultery</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">Nebuchadnezzar's Fierie Furnace</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">3280</td><td class="tdcenter">"</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">Also at the end&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The World's Vanities (Divided into 8 Branches:&mdash;1<span class="topnum">st.</span> Strength,
+   2<span class="topnum">nd.</span> Honour, 3<span class="topnum">rd.</span> Riches,
+4<span class="topnum">th.</span> Beautie,
+5<span class="topnum">th.</span> Pleasure, 6<span class="topnum">th.</span> Wisdom,
+ 7<span class="topnum">th.</span> Children, 8<span class="topnum">th.</span> Long Life) contains about</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">550</td><td class="tdcenter">lines.</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdhang">The Popish Powder Plot (The Speakers&mdash;Christ&mdash;King
+   James&mdash;Elizabeth&mdash;Peeres of England&mdash;The Lords appointed to trye
+   the Traitors&mdash;The Earls of Nottingham, Suffolke, the Lord
+   Monteagle&mdash;The Sherriffe of Worcester&mdash;The Devill&mdash;the Jesuit
+   Gerrard&mdash;Robert Catesby&mdash;Thomas Percy, Guy Faux, &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.)
+   contains about</td><td class="tdcenter">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdright">1560</td><td class="tdcenter">lines.</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3>
+
+<h4><span><i>Death, how symbolised</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 450.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I beg to inform your
+correspondent S. T. D., that in an old 4to. volume in my possession,
+which treats principally of the topic about which he is inquiring, there
+are several engravings of Death as a skeleton. In one he is armed with a
+bow and arrow, an axe, and a scythe notched as a saw. In another he has
+an axe only: while in a third, in which he is announcing his dissolution
+to a man on his deathbed, he has a spade in his left hand, while with
+his right he points upwards; and on his head is a wreath of thorns with
+flowers standing up out of it. I do not know whether the book is a rare
+one or not. It is in black letter, and at the end is the date 1515. The
+title, which is a woodcut, rather curious, is&mdash;<i>Sermones Johannis
+Geilerii Keiserspergii, &amp;c., &amp;c.</i> There are also six other woodcuts,
+after the manner of Albert Durer, very quaint and curious. The volume is
+in its original vellum, over oak boards, finely tooled, and has once
+been bound at the corners and clasped with metal. In MS. on the top of
+the title are the words "Monast. S. Udalrici Aug<span class="topnum">æ</span>." Though in very good
+condition, the black-letter type is so curiously crabbed and abbreviated
+that I have not had time to do more than ascertain that it seems a very
+singular and a learned work.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="right">    H. C. H.</p>
+
+   <p class="left">    Rectory, Hereford, June 8. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   [The author of the curious work in the possession of our
+   correspondent is John Geiler, called also Gayler, Keiserspergius,
+   an eminent Swiss divine, who was born in 1445, and died in 1510.
+   His works in German and Latin are books of rare occurrence, and
+   consist principally of Sermons. Oberlin published in 1786 a
+   curious life of Geiler. For the titles of his various works,
+   consult Panzer's <i>Annales Typographici</i>, vol. vi.]
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p><i>Death</i> (Vol. iii., p. 450.).&mdash;Has S. T. D. consulted the excellent
+treatise of Lessing, "Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet?" It is illustrated<a id="is502"></a>
+with<span class="pagenum">[502]</span> many engravings. (See Lessing's <i>Sämmtliche Schriften</i>,
+1839, vol. viii.)</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   C. P. P<span class="smcap lowercase">H***</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">      Oxford, Whit-Monday.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>A Kemble Pipe</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 425.).</span></h4>
+<p>&mdash;If D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. R<span class="smcap lowercase">IMBAULT</span> will turn to vol.
+i., p. 10. of Campbell's <i>Life of Mrs. Siddons</i>, he will find that the
+Kemble of smoking notoriety alluded to in the proverb, met his fate at a
+date long subsequent to the Marian persecution. He was apprehended on a
+charge of implication in Titus Oates's plot, and executed at Hereford,
+August 2d, 1679, being one of the last persons who suffered death for
+their religious opinions in England. He was hung, not burnt, and his
+hand is still preserved in the Reliquary of the Roman Catholic Chapel at
+Worcester. "On his way to execution," says Mr. Campbell,</p>
+
+<p>   "He smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that
+   county it was long usual to call the last pipe that was smoked in
+   a social company, a Kemble's pipe."</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   S<span class="smcap lowercase">PERIEND</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus</i> </span><span>(Vol. i., p. 385.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your
+correspondent J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARLTZBERG</span> may find a copy of the <i>Wyngaert</i> in the
+library of the <i>Maatschappij van Letterkunde</i> (Lit. Soc.) in Leyden, and
+may read an account of the work in vol. ii. pp. 151, 152. of the
+<i>Society's Transactions</i>. The copy in my possession is entitled <i>Den
+Wyngaert van Sinte Franciscus vol</i> [not <i>van</i>] <i>schoone historien,
+legenden en deuchdelycke leeringhen allen menschen seer profytelyck</i>.
+Like most of the works issued from the press of Eckert van Hombach, it
+is well printed on good paper; the leaves (not the <i>pages</i>) are numbered
+up to 418, and besides there are six leaves without pagination for the
+index, as well as three for the prologue, in which we learn why the work
+was called <i>Wyngaert</i>. All the copies I have met with bear the date
+1518, though in Hultman's <i>Catalogue</i>, p. 20. No. 92., we find 1578,
+probably an error of the printer. In J. Koning's <i>Catalogue</i>, 1833, p.
+17. No. 59., we are referred to Bauer, <i>Bibl. libr. rar.</i>, vol. iv. p.
+301.; and to the <i>Catalogue raisonné</i> de Crevenna, vol. v. p. 85., where
+we read:</p>
+
+<p>   "Ce volume contient les vies des Saints de l'ordre de St.&nbsp;Franciscus,
+   précédées de celle de son instituteur, <i>et n'est
+   point une traduction</i> du Livre des Conformités (<i>Liber
+   Conformitatum</i>), quoiqu'il est probable qu'on ait pris beaucoup
+   de ce livre."</p>
+
+<p>Van Bleyswijk, in his <i>Description of Delft</i>, vol. i. p. 339., says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "The Franciscans bought up the work, in order to suppress and
+   destroy it: it is therefore no wonder that copies of it are
+   scarce."</p>
+
+<p>Unless you read it, says Professor Ackersdijck, in his <i>Archief voor
+Kerk. Gesch.</i>, you will hardly conceive it possible for any one to write
+such a mass of folly and absurdity.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">      V. D. N.</p>
+
+   <p class="left">  N<span class="smcap lowercase">AVORSCHER</span>, p. 179. June, 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Meaning of Tick</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 357.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following anecdote, as
+characteristic of the individual as illustrative of the above Query, may
+perhaps be considered deserving a corner in your Journal:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>   "A well-meaning friend calling one morning on Richard B.
+   Sheridan, wound up a rather prosy exordium on the propriety of
+   domestic economy, by expressing a hope, that the pressure of some
+   difficulties from which he had been temporarily removed, would
+   induce a more cautious arrangement in future.</p>
+
+<p>   "Sheridan listened with great gravity, and thanking his visitor,
+   assured him that he never felt so happy, as all his affairs were
+   now proceeding with the <i>regularity of clockwork</i>, adding (with a
+   roguish twinkle of the eye, and giving his arm the oscillating
+   motion of a pendulum), 'Tick, tick, tick!' It is needless to add,
+   the Mentor took a hasty leave of his witty but incorrigible
+   companion."</p>
+
+
+   <p class="right">   M. W. B.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Spelling of Britannia, &amp;c.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 275. 463.).</span>
+</h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I believe that
+there is no mistake as supposed in the inscription on the Geo. III.
+shilling. The double "<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>" is expressive of the plural "Britt." for
+"Britanniarum". Have we not many similar instances, <i>e. g.</i> "codd." for
+"codices," "libb." for "libri;" or, one of every-day occurrence, "pp."
+for "pages?"</p>
+
+     <p class="right">    W. M. N.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Fossil Elk of Ireland</i></span> <span>(Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., pp. 26. 121.
+212.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;W. R. C. (a Subscriber) will find some very interesting accounts
+of this creature in Boate and Molyneux's <i>Natural History of Ireland</i>,
+p. 137.; and in an excellent paper by Dr. Cane, in the <i>Transactions of
+the Kilkenny Archæological Society for the Year 1850</i>, where several
+works containing accounts of the animal are referred to. An interesting
+memoir by Dr. Hibbert on the discovery of the <i>Megaceros Hibernicus</i>, or
+fossil elk, in the Isle of Man, will be found in the fifth number of the
+<i>Edinburgh Journal of Science</i>, published <a id="in1"></a>in 1826.<a href="#fn1" class="fnanchor" title="Go to footnote 1.">[1]</a>
+</p>
+<p class="footnote"><a id="fn1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#in1" class="label">[1]</a>  <i>Errata.</i>&mdash;Query, should not the word "Rochenon," in Vol.
+i., p. 380. col. 1., be "Rosbercon?" and should not "D. H. M‛Carthy," in
+Vol. ii., p. 348. col. 1., be "D. F. M‛Carthy" (Denis Florence
+M‛Carthy)? Such errors, however trifling they may now appear, may
+hereafter confuse.</p>
+
+    <p class="right">    R. H.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>"In Time the Bull," &amp;c.</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 388.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The quotation&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><p>  "In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke,"</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">seems to be from Ovid, <i>Tristia</i>, iv. 6. 1.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <p>     "Tempore ruricolæ patiens fit taurus aratri;"</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">or <i>Ar. Am.</i> i. 471.:</p>
+
+<div class="poem"> <p>   "Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra juvenci."</p></div>
+
+     <p class="right">   P. J. F. G.</p>
+
+     <p class="left">  Cambridge, May 22. 1851.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   [N. B., E. C. H., and several other correspondents, have
+   furnished similar references to<a id="to503"></a>  Ovid.]<span class="pagenum">[503]</span></p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Baldrock</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">HADWICK'S</span> quotations on
+this word are very opportune, and useful by way of illustration, and for
+elucidating the meaning of the word.</p>
+
+<p>I will endeavour to explain this part of bell gear, and the purpose for
+which it was used.</p>
+
+<p><i>Baldrock</i> (<i>sic</i>) is probably the patois of a locality for <i>bawdrick</i>,
+which means a belt, or the leather strap and other appurtenances of the
+upper part of the clapper, by which it was suspended from the crown
+staple. In old <i>black-letter</i> bells (if one may use the term) the upper
+part of the clapper was shaped like a stirrup, through which a strap of
+stout leather, often doubled, was passed; but between this and the
+staple a piece of hard wood of like width was inserted, and fitted to
+work on the round part of the crown staple. Through this leather and
+wood an iron pin was passed; and all was fastened together, and kept
+stiff in place, by a curiously cut piece of tough wood, called a
+<i>busk-board</i>, one end of which was tied round the stem of the clapper. I
+have seen many such. There was one at Swanswich next Bath: but without a
+sketch it is difficult to explain. I will enclose a sketch, to be used
+at the Editor's discretion.</p>
+
+<p>A few years ago, I made the following extracts from the very interesting
+accounts of the churchwardens (guardians) of St. Edmund's, Sarum. I have
+no doubt that similar entries may be found in all such old accounts, and
+I hope these may induce other gentlemen to inquire for them.
+Unfortunately I did not copy the <i>sums</i> paid.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><p class="indh">
+   "1591. Layd out for a Bawdrope for the Great Bell, 5<i>s.</i>
+    For grafting of Bawdropes &amp; finding Leather.
+    Making of a '<i>pinn</i>' for the fourth Bell Bawdrope.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">   1588. Paide for Lether to mend the Bawdricke.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">  1572. Payd for a Bald Rybbe for the fourth Bell.</p>
+
+<p class="i5">  (It occurs again for other bells.)</p>
+
+<p class="indh">  1552. Mendinge off the Bawdrycke off the greatt Bell.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">  1541. Payd for mendynge the wheles of the 3 Bells, and for Bawdrykes.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">   1524. Bawdderyke to the v. Bell.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">   1495. [Pro] emendacione rote ejusdem Campane et [pro] Bawdryke ejusdem Campane.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">  1482. [Pro] tribus Bawdrykys.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">  1473. Bawdryke bought for the iiij Belle.</p>
+
+<p class="indh">   1469. Bawderyke.  Whyt Lethyr for the Bawdryke in the years of Ed. VI."</p>
+
+</div>
+
+      <p class="right">   H. T. E<span class="smcap lowercase">LLACOMBE</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p>In a decree of the Court of Chancery of the year 1583 is the following
+passage:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "It is alleged that a certain close ... in the parish of Smarden,
+   in the County of Kent, now called and known by the name of
+   Ropefield, was, long time sithence, given by one John of Hampden,
+   to and for the maintenance and finding of ropes, <i>bawdricks</i>,
+   oil, and leather, for the use of ringing of the bells in the
+   steeple of the said parish church of Smarden, &amp;c., &amp;c." James
+   <i>v.</i> Woolton, 6 May, 1583. (<i>Reg. Lib.</i> B. 1582. fo. 502.)</p>
+
+
+<p class="noindent">Not understanding the word "bawdrick," I applied to Messrs. Mears,
+bell-founders, Whitechapel, who kindly gave me the following
+information:
+</p>
+
+<p>   "The bawdrick is the head of the clapper, or the coupling by
+   which it hangs on the staple inserted in the crown of the bell.
+   It is fitted on to the head of the clapper, and a lining of
+   leather is inserted to prevent the creaking of the iron, when the
+   end of the clapper is oscillating. Hence, no doubt, the
+   introduction of 'leather' in the document referred to. The word
+   is still in use."
+</p>
+
+   <p class="right">   C<span class="smcap lowercase">ECIL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ONRO</span>.
+</p>
+      <p class="left">    Registrar's Office, Court of Chancery, June 14. 1851.</p>
+
+
+<p>The baldrick was a leather thong, or strap, fastened with a buckle, for
+the purpose of suspending the clapper inside the bell, both of which had
+loops or eyes to receive it; from its continual wear, new baldricks were
+often required. I subjoin a few extracts from the parish accounts of St.
+Antlins, or St. Anthony, Budge Row, relating thereto.</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><p class="indh">   1590. "Paide the smythe for making a new clapper for the great
+   bell, x<i>s.</i></p>
+<p class="indh">  "Paide for a <i>bawdrick</i> for the great bell, ii<i>s.</i> vi<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="indh"> "Paide for a <i>buckell</i> for the same, vi<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="indh">  "Paide for a <i>baldrick</i> for the fift bell, i<i>s.</i> viii<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="indh"> 1594. "Paide for a new <i>bawdricke</i> for one of the bells the
+   Crownacion daie, ii<i>s.</i></p>
+<p class="indh">   1578. "Paide for an <i>eie</i> for the great bell clapper, vi<i>s.</i></p>
+<p class="indh"> "Item for a rope for the morning bell, ij<i>s.</i> vi<i>d.</i>"</p>
+<p>I could adduce several other instances if required, but these may
+suffice.</p></div>
+
+      <p class="right">   W. C<span class="smcap lowercase">HAFFERS</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Catalogue of Norman Nobility</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 266.).</span>
+</h4>
+<p>&mdash;Your correspondent
+Q. G. asked some weeks ago where the catalogue of Norman nobility before
+the Conquest was to be found? In the <i>Historiæ Normannorum</i>, published
+in Paris in 1619, at p. 1127., he will find the</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Catalogus nobilium qui immediate prædia a Rege conquæstore
+   tenuerunt."</p>
+
+<p>In this list occurs the name of Geri (Rogerius) de Loges, whose lordship
+was in the district of Coutances. At p. 1039. of the same work, we find
+that Guarinus de Logis was feudal lord of certain domains in the
+bailiwick of Falaise. In a roll of all the Norman nobles, knights, and
+esquires who went to the conquest of Jerusalem with Robert Duke of
+Normandy in the first crusade, and copied from an ancient MS. written on
+vellum, found in the library of the cathedral of Bayeux, entitled "Les
+anciennes histoires d'outremer,"<span class="pagenum">[504]</span> we<a id="we504"></a> also find the name of John de
+Logis, who bore az. a cinque foile ar.</p>
+
+<p>I think, therefore, that M. J. T. (p. 189.) is in error in confounding
+the family of Ordardus de Logis with that of the Baron of Hugh Lupus.
+The names of the Norman nobles were territorial; and it is probable that
+these worthies were not related, as the names were spelt differently.
+According to the Doomsday Survey, Gunuld, the widow of Geri de Loges,
+held the manor of Guiting Power in Gloucestershire.</p>
+
+<p>The elder line of Ordardus de Logis, Baron of Wigton, terminated in an
+heiress, who carried the estate into the family of Lucy (I think in the
+reign of Edward III.), Adam, the seventh and last baron, having died
+without male issue; and it afterwards became the property, by marriage,
+of the ancestor of the present Earl of Carlisle. The descendants of
+Ordardus are still to be found in the remote valleys of the north of
+Yorkshire, and in parts of Durham: and I have been told that the Rev.
+John Lodge, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge, claimed to be of
+this family.</p>
+
+<p class="right">S.</p>
+
+<p class="left">Oxford, June 13. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Epitaph</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 242. 339.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I have before me a 24mo. tract of
+forty-seven pages:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Nicolai Barnaudi a Crista Arnaudi Delphinatis, Philosophi et
+   Medici, Commentariolum in Ænigmaticum quoddam epitaphium Bononiæ
+   studiorum, ante multa secula marmoreo lapidi insculptum. Huic
+   additi sunt Processus Chæmici non pauci. Nihil sine Numine,
+   Lugduni, Batavorum, <span class="smcap lowercase">CIƆIƆIIIƆ.</span>"
+</p>
+
+<p>The first thirty pages are devoted to the epitaph on Ælia Lælia Crispus.
+We are told:&mdash;
+</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "Nec defuerunt alii, qui, ut audio, Animam hominis, alii nubium
+   Aquam, alii, ut hic intellexi a viro de litteris bene merito,
+   Eunuchum quemdam, alii alia varia, hoc epitaphio tractari
+   phantasmata suis scriptis contenderunt. Hæc ego cum
+   intellexissem, eorum misertus, qui abditioris philosophiæ in
+   castris militant, operæ pretium facturum me existimavi, si
+   trismegisticum hoc epitaphium eis aperire conarer."</p>
+
+
+<p>This he proceeds to do very satisfactorily, as the following specimen
+will show:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Æ<span class="smcap lowercase">LIA</span>. Solaris, dubio procul, ut nomen indicat, sive solis filia,
+   immo substantia, essentia, radius, virtus, et illa quidem
+   invisibilis solis nostri, ne quis eam a sole vulgi natam,
+   perperam cogitet; neque tamen desunt, qui eam ex Urani et Vestæ
+   filio, Saturno, et Ope ejus sorore, a qua cum plures Saturnus
+   suscepisset liberos, eosque vorasset, et e vestigio evomuisset,
+   Jupiter servatus, ejusque loco lapis Saturno presentatus fuit, ac
+   si cum peperisset Opis, ab ipsis inquam, eam natam esse cogitent;
+   at quidquid sit, Æ<span class="smcap lowercase">LIA</span>, seu solaris est, neque tamen (tanta est
+   ejus amplitudo), astro illo, mundi oculo amicta incedit; sed et
+   altero, minore luminari, Luna, quæ sub pedibus ejus est comitata,
+   ideo etiam dicitur L<span class="smcap lowercase">ÆLIA</span>, quasi solis amica, etc., etc."</p>
+
+<p>On a fly-leaf I find the following written by an unknown hand:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">    "Commentarios in hoc epitaphium scripserunt Joannes Trevius
+   Brugensis, et Richardus vitus Basinstochius, jurisconsultus
+   Anglus cujus liber editus Durdrecti apud J. van Leonem Berawoul,
+   Anno 1618. Vid. et de hoc enigmate Boxhorn."</p>
+
+<p>If M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span> does not make this note wholly superfluous, make use of
+it as you please.</p>
+
+<p class="right">  J. S.</p>
+<p class="left">   Woudenberg, May 12. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 369.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The following
+version of this prayer, differing from that given by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. F<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCONER</span>, may
+be interesting.</p>
+
+<p>In Archdeacon Bonney's <i>Historic Notices in reference to Fotheringay</i>,
+p. 109., this note occurs:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "Seward asserts that the following lines were repeated by the
+   Queen of Scots immediately before her execution. They are set to
+   music by the late Dr. Harrington, of Bath, and other musicians.</p>
+
+     <div class="poem"><p> "'O Domine Deus, speravi in Te!</p>
+     <p> O chare mi Jesus, nunc libera me!</p>
+      <p>In dura catena, in misera poena, desidero Te;</p>
+     <p> Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,</p>
+      <p>Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me.'</p></div>
+
+<p class="i7">   TRANSLATION.</p>
+
+
+     <div class="poem"><p> 'O Lord my God, I have relied in Thee!</p>
+      <p>Now, O dear Jesu, set me, set me free!</p>
+     <p> In chains, in pains, long have I wished for Thee;</p>
+   <p>   Faint, and with groans, I, bowing on my knee,</p>
+     <p> Adore, implore Thee, Lord, to set me free.'"</p></div>
+
+
+
+<p>I may add, that the Latin lines have recently been very beautifully set
+to music by that eminent composer, Mrs. Kingston.</p>
+
+      <p class="right">  W. G. M.</p>
+
+<p>Your correspondent on the subject of the lines said to have been
+repeated by Mary Queen of Scots on the scaffold, furnishes a translation
+of them in lieu of others, which he condemns; and his version has
+provoked me to try my hand at one, in which I have studied rhythm more
+than rhyme: the rhythm and the intensity of the ordinal.</p>
+
+
+ <div class="poem">     <p>"Great God, I have trusted</p>
+      <p class="i3">  In peril on Thee!</p>
+    <p>  Dear Jesus, Redeemer,</p>
+         <p class="i3"> Deliver thou me!</p>
+    <p>  In my prison-house groaning,</p>
+         <p class="i3"> I long but for Thee;</p>
+      <p>Languishing, moaning,</p>
+        <p class="i3"> Bow'd down on bent knee,</p>
+   <p>   I adore Thee, implore Thee,</p>
+           <p class="i3"> From my sins set me free."</p>
+</div>
+ <p class="right"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">LAN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Aristophanes on the Modern Stage</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., pp. 105. 250.).</span>
+</h4>
+<p>&mdash;Finding
+that no correspondent of yours, in answer to a Query which appeared some
+time back, viz.: "Whether any play of Aristophanes had ever been adapted
+to the<a id="the505"></a> modern<span class="pagenum">[505]</span> stage," has yet mentioned the only two instances of
+which I am aware, I beg to refer the Querist to the <i>Plaideurs</i> of
+Racine (an adaptation of the <i>Wasps</i>), and to a very ingenious
+modernisation of the <i>Birds</i> by Mr. Planché, produced about four years
+since at the Haymarket as an Easter piece, under its original title.</p>
+
+<p>I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of protesting, under your
+justly powerful auspices, against the use of the word "Exposition" in
+its French sense of <i>Exhibition</i>, now creeping into places where it
+could scarcely have been expected.</p>
+
+     <p class="right">  A<span class="smcap lowercase">VENA</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The White Rose</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 407.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The version which I have of the
+beautiful lines quoted by your correspondent is (I quote from memory):</p>
+
+    <div class="poem"> <p> "If this fair rose offend thy sight</p>
+        <p class="i3">It on thy bosom wear,</p>
+     <p> 'Twill blush to find itself less white,</p>
+     <p class="i3"> And turn Lancastrian there."</p></div>
+
+<p>The succeeding couplet has equal merit:</p>
+
+    <div class="poem">  <p>"But if thy ruby lip it spy</p>
+     <p class="i3"> As kiss it thou mayst deign,</p>
+    <p>  With envy pale 'twill lose its dye,</p>
+        <p class="i3"> And Yorkist turn again."</p>
+</div>
+
+        <p class="right">     C. I. R.</p>
+
+<p>The origin of the blush imparted to the rose is most beautifully
+described by Carey:</p>
+
+     <div class="poem"><p> "As erst in Eden's blissful bowers</p>
+     <p> Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,</p>
+     <p> An opening rose of poorest white</p>
+      <p>She marked with eye that beamed delight;</p>
+    <p>  Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew</p>
+     <p> From Beauty's lip the vermeil hue."</p></div>
+
+        <p class="right">    J. A. D<span class="smcap lowercase">OUGLAS</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Mark for a Dollar</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 449.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The origin of the sign of the
+dollar, concerning which T. C. inquires, is, I believe, a contraction of
+<i>scutum</i>, the same as <i>£</i>, formerly written <i>£i</i>, is of <i>libra</i>. The
+strokes through the S are merely the signs of contraction.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">        K. P. D. E.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Gillingham</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 448.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In a foot-note to Rapin (2nd edit.,
+vol. i. p. 130.), the general assembly convened by Earl Goodwin, at
+which Edward the Confessor was chosen king, is stated, upon the same
+authority as Hutchins has referred to (viz. Malmsbury), to have been
+"Gilingeham <i>or</i> London." If at Gillingham, there can be but little
+doubt it was Gillingham near Chatham, of which latter place Goodwin is
+stated to have been then possessed.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">        J. B. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLMAN</span>.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">   Eye, June 10, 1851.</p>
+
+<p>The share that Earl Godwin bore in the establishment of King Edward (the
+Confessor) on the throne of England seems to make it probable that
+Gillingham in Kent, not the Gillingham in Dorsetshire, was the scene of
+the council referred to by your correspondent Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UIDAM</span>.
+Edward, observe, was coming from the continent, and relied entirely on
+the support of the great East Kentish Earl. Milton names the council in
+his History of England, <i>Works</i>, vol. vi. p. 275., Pickering, ed. 1831.
+He seems to be still quoting Malmsbury.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     E. J. E.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">   Blackheath, June 9. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &amp;c.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 364.).</span>
+</h4>
+<p>&mdash;In reading A B<span class="smcap lowercase">orderer's</span> interesting note on <i>The Lay of the Last Minstrel</i>, it
+occurred to me, whether there may not have been (perhaps unconsciously)
+in Walter Scott's mind a link of connexion betwixt his own "elvish
+page," as an agent in bringing about the nuptials of Lord Cranstoun with
+the Lady Margaret; and the part played by Cupid, in regard to Dido,
+after he had been transformed into Ascanius, as described in the first
+Æneid. Indeed the beautiful "Song of Robin Goodfellow" (Vol. iii., p.
+403) suggests a similar speculation; for in the gambols of Puck there is
+something analogous to the freaks of Cupid after his metamorphose. But
+other and closer parallels will probably occur to your learned readers,
+and show that some of what are commonly esteemed the most original
+modern creations owe much to classical invention.</p>
+
+
+ <p class="right">    A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lines on Temple</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 450.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;J. S. will find the lines he
+asks about, given (but without comment) in Knight's <i>Cyclopædia of
+London</i>, p. 440.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">        P. M. M.</p>
+
+<p>J. S. will find the lines he has sent you printed in Hone's <i>Year Book</i>
+(1832), p 113.; where may be also seen the following</p>
+
+      <div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<p class="i7">ANSWER.</p></div>
+
+     <div class="stanza"> <p>"Deluded men, these holds forego,</p>
+       <p class="i3"> Nor trust such cunning elves;</p>
+     <p> These artful emblems tend to show</p>
+       <p class="i3"> Their clients, not themselves.</p></div>
+
+      <div class="stanza"><p>'Tis all a trick, these are but shams,</p>
+      <p class="i3"> By which they mean to cheat you;</p>
+    <p>  For have a care, you are the <span class="smcap lowercase">LAMBS</span>,</p>
+      <p class="i3"> And they the wolves that eat you.</p></div>
+
+     <div class="stanza"><p> Nor let the thought of no 'delay'</p>
+     <p class="i3">  To these their courts misguide you;</p>
+    <p>  You are the showy <span class="smcap lowercase">HORSE</span>, and they</p>
+       <p class="i3">Are jockeys that will ride you."</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Hone does not give a hint as who was the author of either, nor can I
+inform J. S.</p>
+
+
+       <p class="right">   E<span class="smcap lowercase">DWARD</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OSS</span>.</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">[The R<span class="smcap lowercase">EV</span>. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACKENZIE</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ALCOTT</span> has also kindly informed us that the
+original lines and the rejoinder are to be found in Brayley's
+<i>Londiniana</i>, vol. iv. pp. 216-7.]</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Sewell, Meaning of</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 391. 482.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;H. C. K. makes an
+error in supposing that "formido," as used by Virgil in the passage
+quoted,<span class="pagenum">[506]</span> and<a  id="and506"></a>  "sewell," are convertible terms. If there is any word
+in that passage which could be considered coextensive in meaning with
+the word "sewell," it would undoubtedly be "penna." Nor is "sewell" a
+<i>modern</i> term, as he supposes; in proof of which I add an extract from a
+letter written by Dr. Layton, one of the commissioners for the
+suppression of monasteries, to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, in which the
+word "sewel" occurs:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "We have sett Dunce (Duns Scotus) in Bocardo, and have utterly
+   banisshede hym Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses, and
+   is nowe made a comon servant to evere man, faste nailede up upon
+   postes in all comon houses of easement: <i>id quod oculis meis
+   vidi</i>. And the second tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
+   declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret quadrant court
+   full of the leiffes of Dunce, the wynde blowing them into evere
+   corner. And there we fownde one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of
+   Buckinghamshire, getheryng up part of the said bowke leiffes (as
+   he saide) therewith to make hym <i>sewelles</i> or <i>blawnsherres</i> to
+   kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the better cry
+   with his howndes."</p>
+
+<p>H. C. K. wishes to know the origin of the word "sewell." Can any of your
+readers explain the derivation of the term "blawnsherres?" Can it be
+connected with the French <i>blanche</i>, from white parchment, &amp;c. having
+been used in making them?</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    E. A. H. L.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lambert Simnel</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 390.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Though I cannot throw any light
+upon the question of T., <i>Was this his real name?</i> I may mention, as a
+Worcestershire man, that it is a custom among the pastrycooks of
+Worcester to make, at the beginning of Lent, a rich sort of cake;
+consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants,
+citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a
+"simnel." I cannot say how long this custom has existed, but I have
+every reason to believe it is one of great antiquity. From Johnson's
+explanation of the term, I conclude, that this practice of making
+"simnels" must in former times have been more general than it is at
+present.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     E. A. H. L.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Tennyson's "In Memoriam"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 142. 227. 458.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I submit
+that the "crimson-circled star" may be named without calling on the poet
+to explain.</p>
+
+<p>The planet Venus, when she is to the east of the sun, is our <i>evening
+star</i> (and as such used to be termed Hesperus by the ancients).</p>
+
+<p>The evening star in a summer twilight is seen surrounded with the glow
+of sunset, "crimson-circled." The rose, too, was a flower sacred to
+Venus, which might justify the epithet. But I suppose the blush of the
+sky was what the poet thought of at such a moment.</p>
+
+<p>Venus sinking into the sea, which in setting she would appear to
+do,&mdash;falls into the <i>grave of Uranus</i>,&mdash;her father, according to the
+theory of Hesiod (190). The part cast into the sea, from which Aphrodite
+sprung, is here taken, by a becoming license (which softens the
+grossness of the old tradition), for the whole; so that the ocean,
+beneath the horizon of which the evening star sinks, may be well
+described by the poet as "<i>her</i> father's grave."</p>
+
+<p>That Venus is meant, the gender of the pronoun relating to the star
+seems to prove beyond a doubt; there being no other sufficiently
+important to occur in a picture of this kind, to which a female name is
+given.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     V.</p>
+
+ <p class="left">  Belgravia, June 12. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p.
+408).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;D. X. will find all that is known of this king in the Armenian
+version of Eusebius's <i>Chronicle</i>, 53., and in the <i>Chronographia</i> of
+Georgius, Syncellus (and subsequently Patriarch) of Constantinople, p.
+210. <span class="smcap lowercase">B.</span> The former gives as his authority Abydenus, and the latter
+Polyhistor. Both passages will be found in Cory's <i>Ancient Fragments</i>.
+The Median king is called in both Astyages, and not Cyaxares; but the
+date of the catastrophe being fixed by Ptolemy's Canon in 625 <span class="smcap lowercase">B. C.</span>, the
+reviewer, I suppose, considered himself justified in altering the name
+to that of the king who appears from Herodotus to have governed Media at
+that date.</p>
+
+
+<p class="right">   E. H. D. D.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Legend in Frettenham Church</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 407.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Your correspondent
+C. J. E. may find some account of the legend illustrated on the walls of
+Frettenham Church in the <i>Calendar of the Anglo-Catholic Church</i>, from
+which it appears that St. Eligius, Eloy, or Loye, is the hero of the
+incident. He was the patron of blacksmiths, farriers, &amp;c.; and
+accomplished, on one occasion, the shoeing of a refractory horse by
+amputating the leg; and the operation performed, he replaced the severed
+member. Doubtless, as C. J. E. suggests, the shoeing might have been
+effected without so much periphrasis; but perhaps the saint intended to
+teach the animal docility, and inspire the spectators with a more
+palpable proof of his supernatural powers, than the performance of the
+operation by his mere <i>ipse dixit</i> would have afforded. The church of
+Durweston, Dorsetshire, is named in his honour, and a rude sculpture
+over the doorway commemorates the incident.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     C. A.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Natural Daughter of James II.</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 224. 249. 280.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;When
+the answer of C. to my inquiry first appeared, I doubted whether after
+such strong reproof I ought again to address you; but as your valuable
+paper was intended for the ignorant as well as for the learned, and as
+C. (Vol. iii., p. 334.) places your respected correspondent M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>.
+ D<span class="smcap lowercase">AWSON</span>
+T<span class="smcap lowercase">URNER</span> in the same class as my humble self, I no longer hesitate.
+</p>
+<p>When I proposed the Query, I had no<a id="no507"></a> ready<span class="pagenum">[507]</span> access to any book
+which would easily give me the required information, and it did not
+appear to me to be any great sin in making use of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"
+for what I conceive is its legitimate object, the communication of
+knowledge; and I do not think the space my Query occupied was wasted
+when it called forth the interesting reply of P. C. S. S.</p>
+
+<p>I would now take the liberty of asking C. to explain the following
+extract from <i>Souverains du Monde</i>, not finding any particulars
+respecting the first marriage here alluded to in those books to which I
+have been able to refer:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Les enfans naturals du Roi Jaques II. sont 1.... 2.... 3....</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "4. Catherine Darnley, mariée en premières nôces avec Thomas
+   Wentworth, Baron de Raby; et en secondes nôces, en 1699, avec
+   James, Comte d'Anglesey. Elle est morte en 1700. Sa mère étoit
+   Catherine Sedley, Comtesse de Dorchester, Baronne d'Arlington.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "5. N. mariée avec le Duc de Buckingham le 27 Mars, 1706."</p>
+
+
+<p>You will observe that my former inquiry referred to the daughter above
+stated as the fifth child.</p>
+
+<p>It is plain that the compiler of <i>Les Souverains du Monde</i> is in error
+in making the wife of the Earl of Anglesey a distinct person from the
+wife of the Duke of Buckingham.</p>
+
+<p>Who was the wife to the Thomas Wentworth here mentioned? and, if a
+natural daughter of James II., I should be glad of the following
+particulars,&mdash;the names of her mother and self&mdash;the dates of her birth,
+marriage, and death&mdash;and the date of the death of her husband.</p>
+
+<p>I must apologise for trespassing thus at length upon your space.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">   F. B. R<span class="smcap lowercase">ELTON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Clarkson's Richmond</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 372.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The late Mr. Clarkson's
+manuscripts were transferred to his son, the Rev. Christ. Clarkson;
+whose address might probably be obtained by Q. D. from J. B. Simpson,
+Esq., Richmond, Yorkshire.</p>
+
+    <p class="right">   M.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 358.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I see that in the
+"Notices to Correspondents," in No. 79., for May 3, you inform W. P. A.
+that the <i>Catalogue of Sir Thomas Phillipps's MSS.</i> is privately
+printed, and that there are copies at the Bodleian, Athenæum, and
+Society of Antiquaries.</p>
+
+<p>You may perhaps be interested to know that a catalogue of about three
+thousand of the Middlehill MSS. is to be found in a work entitled
+<i>Catalogi Librorum MSSorum qui in Bibliothecis Galliæ, Hiberniæ,
+Helvetiæ, Belgiæ, Britanniæ Magnæ, Hispaniæ, Lusitaniæ asservantur: à
+Gustavo Haenel</i>: Lipsiæ, 1830. A copy of this important work is in the
+reading-room of the British Museum.</p>
+
+<p>I may add that a copy of the privately printed <i>Catalogue of Sir T.
+Phillipps's MSS.</i> is now to be found in the British Museum, but it has
+only recently (within the last few months) made its way into the
+Catalogue.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   C. W. G<span class="smcap lowercase">OODWIN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Meaning of Pilcher</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 476.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Is not our excellent
+correspondent MR. SINGER mistaken in supposing that the ears are the
+ears of the scabbard or pitcher? If you draw one thing out of another by
+the ears, it must be by the ears of the first, not of the second; yet he
+also says that it is used for hilts.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">    C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Antiquity of Smoking</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 484.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;May I add, in my defence
+as to the Thracians' smoking, that all I said was, that there was
+nothing in Solinus, chap. 15. I had looked at the Bipont edition, in
+which, as I now see, the passage is in chapter 10.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Principle of Association</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 424.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I cannot but doubt
+whether "La partie réelle de la métaphysique" means "all that has yet
+been done in the philosophy of the human mind." I apprehend it means the
+material, or physical part; that which is connected with the structure
+of the body. This would apply to Hartley, though not to Mr. Gay: but I
+speak in the dark, for I have not that edition of La Place which your
+correspondent refers to.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Corpse makes a Right of Way</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;That a funeral
+creates a right of way, is an error founded on the fact that, being a
+remarkable, and sometimes a crowded event, it is not an unfrequent
+evidence of the previous existence of a right of way.</p>
+
+<p class="right">        C. B.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Chloe</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 449.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In reply to a Query in one of your late
+numbers respecting the meaning of the expression "as drunk as Chloe," it
+has been suggested to me that it refers to a lady who is mentioned
+often in Prior's <i>Poems</i>, and who was celebrated for the propensity
+alluded to.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    E<span class="smcap lowercase">RYX</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Family of Sir J. Banks</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 390.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;It appears, on a
+reference to Burke's <i>Commoners</i>, that the ancestors of Sir J. Banks
+were possessed of property in and about Keswick; and the present
+representative of the family possesses black-lead mines in Borrowdale,
+Cumberland. It is, therefore, very probable that the Mr. John Banks in
+question may have been of the same family, though not a lineal
+descendant of Sir J. Banks.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      L. H.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Verse Lyon</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 466.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the literal reprint of Puttenham,
+1811, I find the words extracted by J. F. M., with one unimportant
+exception, "And they <i>called</i> it <i>Verse Lyon</i>." J. F. M. may find some
+account of Leonine verses, which "are properly the Roman hexameters and
+pentameters rhymed," in Price's edition of Warton's <i>History of English
+Poetry</i>, vol. i. p. cxviii.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">   H. G. T.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Heronsewes</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 450.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A probable derivation is given in
+Tyrwhitt's note on the<a id="on508"></a> passage<span class="pagenum">[508]</span> in the <i>Squire's Tale</i> from the
+French <i>heronçeaux</i>, which would probably, in English usage, become
+either <i>heronsewes</i>, or <i>heronshaws</i>. It is of course a diminutive, like
+"lioncel," "pennoncel," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      H. G. T.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Theory of the Earth's Form</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 331.)</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Who first taught that
+the form of the earth was that of a sphere? In Isaiah xl. 22. appears
+the following passage:</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   He that sitteth upon the <span class="smcap lowercase">CIRCLE</span> of the <i>earth</i> and the
+   inhabitants thereof," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>Does not this extract prove that the Jews, as a people, were acquainted
+with the spherical form of the earth in Isaiah's time; the prophets
+usually addressing the people in popular language.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">    C. N. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Mythology of the Stars</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In the replies to
+correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's
+translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few
+shillings, would satisfy most persons on the subject, and be found
+entertaining in giving instruction.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">    T. M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Topical Memory</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 449.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;On topical memory I can refer
+your inquirer to <i>Cicero de Oratore</i>, book ii. lxxxvi., lxxxvii.,
+§351-358., and <i>Ad Herenn.</i> iii. xvi.-xx., and <i>Quintil.</i> xi. ii. 2., p.
+431. Rollin, ed. 1758.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">    E. J. S.</p>
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Eisell</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 397.).</span>
+</h4>
+<p>&mdash;The following illustration of this word
+occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the University of
+Cambridge. The date is about 1350:</p>
+
+    <div class="poem"><p>  "þe iewis herde þis word wel alle,</p>
+     <p> And anon <i>eysel</i> þei mengid wiþ galle."</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="noindent">It is here manifestly = <i>vinegar</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="right">    C. H.</p>
+
+<p><i>Eisell.</i>&mdash;I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of
+this word might be attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in
+which may be found the word <i>Aesell</i> (<i>idem sonans</i> with <i>Eisell</i>),
+implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly identical (see
+page 377.).</p>
+
+<p class="right">     G<span class="smcap lowercase">OMER</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Four Want Way</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A cross road, or that point
+where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry in Kent
+"the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want
+way," &amp;c. I have always considered the word as being derived from the
+ancient <span class="smcap lowercase">VENTA</span>: thus <span class="smcap lowercase">VENTA</span> <i>icenorum</i> (Caister, near Norwich), the
+highway of the Iceni; <span class="smcap lowercase">VENTA</span> <i>silurum</i> (Caerwent, in Monmouthshire), the
+highway of the Silures; <span class="smcap lowercase">VENTA</span> <i>belgarum</i> (Winchester), the highway of
+the Belgæ; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the
+ancient appellation.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    W. C<span class="smcap lowercase">HAFFERS</span>, Jun.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Meaning of Carfoix</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 469.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Will your correspondent K. T<span class="smcap lowercase">H</span>. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it not the
+French <i>carrefour</i>, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey,
+though not, I believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The
+chief carrefour there is at the junction of the Pollet, High Street and
+Smith Street; another is in the country, the <i>Carrefour aux Lievres</i>,
+the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ETIVIER</span>, whose
+name I am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I
+suppose the derivation to be in <i>Quatuor fores</i>, or some French
+derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of "Carfax" in Oxford.
+Are the names akin to each other?</p>
+
+<p class="right">      E. J. S.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>A regular Mull</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 449.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The story of King Mûl is perhaps
+rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your correspondent in a
+<i>stew</i>, nor get myself into a <i>broil</i>, nor you into a <i>mess</i> or a
+<i>pickle</i>, I would settle his <i>hash</i> by suggesting that terms of cookery
+are frequently used as descriptive of disagreeable predicaments; and
+that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is <i>mulled</i>, yet it
+may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of
+<i>muddle</i>? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King
+Mûl.</p>
+
+<p class="right">      M.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>William Hone</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I expect that A. N. is labouring
+under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the "conversion" of
+"William Hone, T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMPILER</span> of the <i>Every-day Book</i>;" and that he means
+</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot"> "<i>The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone</i>, a narrative
+   written by himself, <i>edited</i> by his <span class="smcap lowercase">SON</span>, William Hone, author of
+   the <i>Every-day Book</i>, &amp;c. London, J. Ward &amp; Co., Paternoster Row,
+   1841. One Shilling."
+</p>
+
+<p>I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but
+should not that be practicable, I shall be happy to lend your
+correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither unjust nor
+uninteresting to add, that <i>I know</i> (from his own communication, shortly
+after the memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated
+<i>Parodies</i> being charged as "blasphemous," that he immediately stopped
+the sale of them; that, though money was then of some consequence to
+him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so, because
+he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as
+having sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to
+injure Christianity, which he deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor
+man's charter. In making those observations, he emphatically placed his
+hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.</p>
+
+<p class="right">    A H<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMIT AT</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">AMPSTEAD</span>.
+</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Rev. Mr. Gay</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 424.)</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The name of Gay is not very
+common in the West of England, and M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AGART</span> may possibly obtain some
+account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of Goldworthy,
+near Bideford, in<a id="in509"></a> the<span class="pagenum">[509]</span> county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton
+Gay in the county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of
+Goldworthy, about the year 1420, by marriage with the daughter and heir
+of Curtis of Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family of Curtis of
+Lostwithiel, in the county of Cornwall.</p>
+
+<p>The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with
+any notice, is Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in
+the year 1822 at South Molton, in the county of Devon. Lyson also says
+that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."</p>
+
+  <p class="right">   L<span class="smcap lowercase">LEWELLYN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Lady Mary Cavendish</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477.)</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;I know nothing of any <i>Lady
+Mary's</i> having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the Guards; but it is
+certain that she could not have been, <i>strictly speaking</i>, of the same
+family as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady
+Waterpark, with remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended
+from a <i>natural son</i> of the Devonshire family, and even, I believe,
+before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that any <i>Lady</i> Mary
+Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.</p>
+
+<p class="right">     C.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Hand giving the Blessing</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii, p. 477.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;In blessing the people,
+the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two forefingers,
+and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and
+they give this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a
+pagan symbol in use long before the introduction of Christianity, not
+only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's <i>Archæological
+Index</i>, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship,
+in which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands
+elevated with the thumb and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta
+has the left hand in the same position. I wish some of your
+correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian
+antiquities, would further illustrate the origin of this curious and
+ancient custom, which hitherto has been regarded as originating with the
+Church of Rome only.</p>
+
+ <p class="right">     W. W.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>The Oldenburg Horn</i> </span><span>(Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;There is a good
+engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p.
+264, of the curious <i>Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis</i> of
+Johannes Herbinius, Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in
+the library of the Geographical Society.</p>
+
+<p class="right">   W. C. T<span class="smcap lowercase">REVELYAN</span>.</p>
+
+       <p class="left">   Athenæum, June 16. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Covey</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;How could such a question be asked? Covey
+is <i>couvée</i>, French for a <i>brood</i>, a <i>hatching</i>, from <i>couver</i>, to hatch
+eggs.</p>
+
+     <p class="right">     C.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Davy Jones's Locker</i></span><span> (Vol. iii., p. 478.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;During many years of
+seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this phrase,
+and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the
+scriptural account of the prophet Jonah. The word <i>locker</i>, on board of
+ship, generally means the place where any particular thing is retained
+or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker," &amp;c. In
+the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that
+the Prophet, praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the
+following words:</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me
+   about:&mdash;the depth closed me round about:&mdash;the earth with her bars
+   was about me."</p>
+
+<p>The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner,
+Jonah's locker; that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined.
+Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily corrupted to Jones's locker;
+and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the equally Welsh
+name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been
+forgotten.</p>
+
+     <p class="right">       W. P<span class="smcap lowercase">INKERTON</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Umbrella</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., p. 482.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The use of this word may be traced to
+an earlier period than has yet been shown by any of your correspondents?</p>
+
+<p>In Florio's <i>Worlde of Wordes</i>, 1598, we have it thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "<i>Ombrella</i>, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state
+   for a prince, also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they use
+   to ride with in summer in Italy, a little shade."</p>
+
+   <p class="right">      &#916;.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Nao, a Ship</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 477.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;A. N. is informed that <i>naw</i> is a
+Celtic name for a ship (the <i>w</i> is sometimes sounded like <i>oo</i>); though
+the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in
+Davies' <i>Mythology, &amp;c. of the Druids</i>. In the appendix to this work
+there is a poem (No. 6.) by Taliesin, containing the following
+example:&mdash;</p>
+
+ <div class="poem"> <p>    "Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb <i>naw</i>."</p></div>
+
+  <div class="poem">  <p>  "Sinking in the lake, without a ship."</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent">The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman
+influence. Can A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman
+times did not possess any vessels superior to the <i>cwrygl</i>? Is it
+probable that the warlike aid which the Britons constantly rendered the
+Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier baskets?" Had the
+"water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained no
+higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?</p>
+
+<p>I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull
+the torque with thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin
+<i>longa</i>; but passing this, I will advance the opinion that the Celtic
+<i>naw</i> is the root of the Latin <i>navis</i>. </p>
+
+   <p class="right">       G<span class="smcap lowercase">OMER</span>.<span class="pagenum">[510]</span><a id="Latin510"></a></p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Birth of Spenser</i></span><span> (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;Is not 1510 a mistake for
+1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in manuscripts of
+Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">       D. X.</p>
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Petworth Registers</i> </span><span>(Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The period over which
+these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and Papers printed
+by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:&mdash;</p>
+
+
+<p class="blockquot">  "County of Sussex.&mdash;Arundel Rape.</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing
+   with <span class="smcap lowercase">A. D.</span> 1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at
+   the following places:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">   "Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II.
+   Bap. Bur. 1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."</p>
+
+
+<p>The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the
+proper custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or
+private library it may perhaps reward some reader of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>"
+in the next century by turning up when unsought for. In the mean time,
+however, is there no official copy to be found in the Archbishop's
+courts at Canterbury?</p>
+
+    <p class="right">     L<span class="smcap lowercase">LEWELLYN</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h4><span><i>Arms of the Isle of Man</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 373.).</span></h4>
+
+<p>&mdash;The symbol of three
+legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the Isle of
+Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The <ins title="Greek: tria akra">τρία ἄκρα</ins> from which the name
+of the latter is derived are the promontories of Lilybæum, Pachynus, and
+Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito, Passaro, and Faro (Virg. Æn. iii. 384.). It
+is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage of this island, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 1709
+(which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv. The
+crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, <span class="smcap lowercase">SANS CHANGER</span>; Rev. The
+three legs), has the motto <span class="smcap lowercase">QVOCVNQVE</span> ·
+<i><span class="smcap lowercase">GESSERIS</span></i> · <span class="smcap lowercase">STABIT</span>. The coinage
+of 1723 is exactly similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the
+succeeding coinages have <span class="smcap lowercase">QUOCUNQUE</span> · <span class="smcap lowercase">JECERIS</span> · <span class="smcap lowercase">STABIT</span>, which is clearly
+the correct reading. I may add that I am engaged on a work on the Copper
+Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall be thankful for any
+information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &amp;c.</p>
+
+   <p class="right">       E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p>
+
+
+
+<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2>
+
+<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3>
+
+<p>Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of <i>The
+Traveller's Library</i>, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended
+to comprise "books of entertaining and valuable information in a form
+adapted for reading while travelling, and at the same time of a
+character that will render them worthy of preservation." The 1st Number
+contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of '<i>Warren Hastings</i>' which
+has been appropriately followed by that of '<i>Lord Clive</i>,' from his
+<i>Historical Essays</i> and will be succeeded by '<i>The Earl of Chatham</i>,'
+'<i>William Pitt</i>,' '<i>Horace Walpole</i>,' &amp;c., from the same pen; and these
+again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which has
+hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers.
+The 3d Number, '<i>London</i>,' by Mr. M<span class="topnum">c</span>Culloch, belongs to this class. As
+a really cheap and not merely low-priced series of valuable books, this
+well-printed <i>Traveller's Library</i> deserves, and, we trust will meet
+with, every success.</p>
+
+<p>At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the
+subject of public health and indeed of health generally, we may be
+excused for directing the attention, of our readers to '<i>The Laws of
+Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a Series of Letters from an Old
+Practitioner to a Patient</i>,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small volume of
+useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd
+observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all
+qualifications for a writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.</p>
+
+<p>B<span class="smcap lowercase">OOKS</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;<i>Illustrations of Mediæval Costume in England from MSS.
+in British Museum, &amp;c.</i>, by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The
+present number of this very cheap work on costume contains no less than
+three <i>coloured</i> plates&mdash;curiously illustrative of the subject, though
+not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.</p>
+
+<p><i>Hurry-graphs</i>, by N. Parker Willis, and <i>The House of Seven Gables</i>, by
+Nathaniel Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The
+former is characterised by the usual light, off-hand style of the
+writer. The latter will add to the reputation which Mr. Hawthorne has
+won by his '<i>Scarlet Letter</i>.' They are two pleasant volumes for the
+steam-boat or the railway carriage.</p>
+
+<p><i>An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included
+in Woodfall's Edition of Junius</i>, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and
+we must add an unsuccessful attempt, to prove that the Letters in
+question were written by Lord Chesterfield.</p>
+
+<p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in
+the sale of the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable
+Library of Thomas Jolley, Esquire, including, among other interesting
+autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts of Pope, Swift, Thomson,
+Fielding, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of
+Books Old and New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular No. 30. of Books in all Languages.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br />
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li>   A<span class="smcap lowercase">LBERT</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">UNEL</span>, a Novel in 3 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>   D<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. A<span class="smcap lowercase">DAMS</span>'
+S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMON ON THE</span>
+O<span class="smcap lowercase">BLIGATION OF</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">IRTUE</span>. Any edition.</li>
+
+<li>   E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGRAVED</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ORTRAITS OF</span>
+ B<span class="smcap lowercase">ISHOP</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UTLER</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   R<span class="smcap lowercase">ETROSPECTIVE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EVIEW</span>. Vol. IV.</li>
+
+<li>   D<span class="smcap lowercase">ENS</span>' T<span class="smcap lowercase">HEOLOGIA</span>
+ M<span class="smcap lowercase">ORALIS ET</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">OGMATICA</span>. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.</li>
+
+<li>   M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARLBOROUGH</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ISPATCHES</span>. Volumes IV. and<a id="and511"></a> V.<span class="pagenum">[511]</span></li>
+
+<li>   A<span class="smcap lowercase">RT </span>J<span class="smcap lowercase">OURNAL</span>, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.</li>
+
+<li>   B<span class="smcap lowercase">ULWER'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OVELS</span>.
+12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine. Alice, and Zanoni.</li>
+
+<li>   S<span class="smcap lowercase">TEPHANI</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HESAURUS</span>. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.</li>
+
+<li>   K<span class="smcap lowercase">IRBY'S</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RIDGEWATER</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">REATISE</span>. 2 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>   The <i>Second Vol.</i> of C<span class="smcap lowercase">HAMBERS'</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">YCLOPÆDIA OF</span>
+ E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLISH</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">ITERATURE</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   M<span class="smcap lowercase">ITFORD'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span>
+ G<span class="smcap lowercase">REECE</span>, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8&nbsp;Vols. Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume <i>Eight</i> wanted.</li>
+
+<li>   L'A<span class="smcap lowercase">BBÉ DE</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">AINT</span>
+ P<span class="smcap lowercase">IERRE</span>, P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROJET DE</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">AIX</span>
+P<span class="smcap lowercase">ERPETUELLE</span>. 3&nbsp;Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, 1713.</li>
+
+<li>   A<span class="smcap lowercase">IKIN'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ELECT</span>
+  W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS OF THE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITISH</span>
+ P<span class="smcap lowercase">OETS</span>. 10 Vols, 24mo.
+   Published by Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.</li>
+
+<li>   C<span class="smcap lowercase">AXTON'S</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EYNARD THE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">OX</span> (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.</li>
+
+<li>   C<span class="smcap lowercase">RESPET</span>, P<span class="smcap lowercase">ERE</span>.
+ Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.</li>
+
+<li>   C<span class="smcap lowercase">HEVALIER</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">AMSAY</span>,
+E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAI DE</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">OLITIQUE</span>, où l'on traite de la
+   Nécessité de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des différentes
+   Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de
+   Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in
+  1719.</li>
+
+<li>   The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique
+   sur le Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo.
+   Londres, 1721.</li>
+
+<li>   T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">RY OF THE </span>
+ O<span class="smcap lowercase">PPRESSED</span>, being a True and Tragical Account of the unparalleled Sufferings of
+ Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &amp;c. London, 1691. 12mo.</li>
+
+<li>   M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKHAM'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RANCE</span>. Vol. II. 1830.</li>
+
+<li>   M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKHAM'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.</li>
+
+<li>   J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">AVAL</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY</span>. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.</li>
+
+<li>   H<span class="smcap lowercase">UME'S</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.</li>
+
+<li>   R<span class="smcap lowercase">USSELL'S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">UROPE, FROM THE</span>
+ P<span class="smcap lowercase">EACE OF</span> U<span class="smcap lowercase">TRECHT</span>. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.</li>
+
+<li>   C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARE'S</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">URAL</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">USE</span>.</li>
+
+<li>   W<span class="smcap lowercase">ATT'S</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">IBLIOTHECA</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">RITANNICA</span>, Part V. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>   S<span class="smcap lowercase">TRUTT'S</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ANNERS AND</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">USTOMS</span>. Vol. II. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>   O<span class="smcap lowercase">LD</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLEY</span>
+  S<span class="smcap lowercase">ESSIONS</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">APERS</span>, 1744 to 1774, or
+any portion thereof. 4to.</li>
+
+<li>   C<span class="smcap lowercase">OLDEN'S </span>H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF THE </span>
+ F<span class="smcap lowercase">IVE</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">NDIAN</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">ATIONS OF</span>
+ C<span class="smcap lowercase">ANADA</span>. Vol.&nbsp;1. 12mo. Lond. 1755.</li>
+
+<li>   H<span class="smcap lowercase">EARNE</span> (T.) L<span class="smcap lowercase">ELAND'S</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">TINERARY</span>. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.</li>
+
+<li>   H<span class="smcap lowercase">ORACE</span>-O<span class="smcap lowercase">RELLIUS</span>. 2 Vols.</li>
+
+<li>   D'A<span class="smcap lowercase">RBLAY'S</span> D<span class="smcap lowercase">IARY.</span> Vol. III.</li>
+
+<li>   W<span class="smcap lowercase">AAGEN'S</span> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ORKS OF</span>
+ A<span class="smcap lowercase">RT AND</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RTISTS IN</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">NGLAND</span>. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.</li>
+
+<li>   S<span class="smcap lowercase">MYTH'S</span> (P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROF</span>. W.)
+ L<span class="smcap lowercase">ECTURES ON</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ODERN</span>
+ H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY</span>. 3rd Edit. 2&nbsp;Vols. 8vo. 1841.</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<p class="indh6"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+   <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+   QUERIES," 186. &nbsp;Fleet Street.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><span class="bla">Notices to Correspondents.</span></h3>
+
+<p>P<span class="smcap lowercase">OPE</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">OAN</span>. W. M. H. <i>is assured that the article in</i> No. 81. <i>was
+written by</i> R. R. M., <i>and not by the learned author, whose
+communications we agree with</i> W. M. H. <i>in wishing</i> "<i>we saw still more
+frequently in our pages</i>."</p>
+
+<p>O. O. <i>The allusion in Tennyson to</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">    <p>  "Her, who clasped in her last trance</p>
+  <p>    Her murdered father's head,"</p></div>
+
+<p class="noindent"><i>is to Margaret Roper, who was buried with the head of her father, Sir
+Thomas More, in her arms. See</i> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>,"  Vol. iii., p. 10.
+</p>
+
+<p>D<span class="smcap lowercase">UTCH</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OOKS</span>. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ARTINUS</span> <i>will feel obliged if</i> H<span class="smcap lowercase">IBERNICUS</span> <i>will forward
+the Catalogue</i> (<i>he so kindly offers in</i> No. 80. p. 378.) <i>to</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R.</span> F.
+M<span class="smcap lowercase">ULLER</span>, <i>care of Mr. Nutt, bookseller No. 272. Strand</i>.</p>
+
+<p>E. N. W. <i>The figures above the letters in the motto subscribed to the
+verses which Joannes Rombouts addressed to Verstegan, point out his
+Christian name</i>, Joannes; <i>those below the letters, his surname</i>,
+Rombouts.</p>
+
+<p>R. H. <i>We are unable to furnish any information respecting the volume
+of</i> I<span class="smcap lowercase">RISH</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTIQUITIES</span> <i>to which our correspondent refers. We will
+willingly give insertion to any Query on the subject of Ogham
+Inscriptions generally.</i></p>
+
+<p>E. S. T. <i>Will this correspondent kindly adapt his information on</i> Bier
+Ways <i>as a reply to the Query on the subject?</i></p>
+
+<p>T. P. <i>The "Notes on Almanacks" are under consideration.</i></p>
+
+<p>L<span class="smcap lowercase">ION</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">YMBOLICAL OF THE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ESURRECTION</span>. <i>We owe it to</i> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARLTZBERG</span> <i>to
+explain with reference to</i> C. P.***'s <i>remark</i>, p. 450., <i>that a</i> long
+<i>reply to</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. E<span class="smcap lowercase">ASTWOOD'S</span> <i>Query was forwarded by him at the time; its</i>
+length <i>indeed it was which necessarily led to its non-insertion at the
+time.</i></p>
+
+<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.&mdash;<i>Encorah and Millicent, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;<i>Prenzie</i>&mdash;<i>M. or
+N.</i>&mdash;<i>Local Mints</i>&mdash;<i>Rev. Mr. Gay</i>&mdash;<i>Petworth
+Registers</i>&mdash;<i>Baronettes</i>&mdash;<i>Curse of Scotland</i>&mdash;<i>Nao, a ship</i>&mdash;<i>Arches of
+Pelaga</i>&mdash;<i>Pylche or Pilcher</i>&mdash;<i>Dozen of Bread, or Baker's
+Dozen</i>&mdash;<i>Tinsel</i>&mdash;<i>Bonnie Cravat</i>&mdash;<i>Davy Jones's Locker</i>&mdash;<i>Arms of the
+Isle of Man</i>&mdash;<i>Dieu et mon Droit</i>&mdash;<i>William Hone</i>&mdash;<i>Cachecope
+Bell</i>&mdash;<i>Pallavicini</i></p>
+
+<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">IRCULATION OF OUR </span>P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSPECTUSES BY</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORRESPONDENTS</span>. <i>The suggestion of</i>
+T. E. H., <i>that by way of hastening the period when we shall be
+justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should
+forward copies of our</i> Prospectus <i>to correspondents who would kindly
+enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
+literature, to become subscribers to</i> "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>," <i>has already
+been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are
+greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for
+this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist
+towards increasing our circulation.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Errata.</i>&mdash;Page 322. col. 1. l. 20., for "conscript<i>u</i>" read
+"conscript<i>a</i>;" and l. 29. for "<i>M</i>adingi" read "<i>W</i>adingi;" p 444. col.
+1. l. 18., for "Upon" read "Uprose." In the <i>Tabula Regum</i>, p. 457.,
+"scotus" in the fifth line should be "secundus;" in the fourteenth line,
+"xxiiij." should be
+ <span class="topnum">"xx</span>/<span class="botnum">iiij.,"</span>
+ fourscore, not twenty-four; and in l. 23. for "xliij." read "xliiij."</p>
+
+<p>V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS</span>. I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each.</i></p>
+
+<p>N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &amp;c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive</i> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>in their Saturday parcels.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>  <i>should be
+addressed to the care of</i> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+ <p class="center"> 8vo., price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL,<br /> with Illustrative Woodcuts. By
+G<span class="smcap lowercase">ILBERT</span> J. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RENCH</span>.
+</p>
+<p>Also, by the same Author, Second Edition, 18mo., price 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p>HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF COLOURS IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART, with some
+Observations on the Theory of Complementary Colours.</p>
+
+
+    <p class="center">  London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186 Fleet Street.
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+ <p class="center"> Just published, fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Steel engraving, price 4<i>s</i>.&nbsp;6<i>d</i>.</p>
+<p class="noindent cap">THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales.</p>
+<p class="center">  By Mrs. A<span class="smcap lowercase">LFRED</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">ATTY</span>.</p>
+<p class="blockquot">"Her love for Fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to compose four
+pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are gracefully enough
+used as machinery. They are slight, but well written, and the book is
+altogether very nicely put out of hand."&mdash;<i>Guardian.</i></p>
+<p class="center">   London: G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186 Fleet Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">THE LATER HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.</p>
+<p class="center">  In One Volume. small 8vo., price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="noindent cap">THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE LAST
+ACTS OF CONVOCATION, 1688-1717. By the
+ R<span class="smcap lowercase">EV</span>. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ALIN</span>, M.A., Rector
+of Stifford, Essex.</p>
+<p>This Volume forms a Continuation to the Works of Bishop Short, Mr. Carwithen, and other Writers on the Earlier History of the Church of
+England.</p>
+<p class="center"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">IVINGTONS</span>, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+   <p class="center">  ARNOLD'S HOMER FOR BEGINNERS.</p>
+<p class="center">    In 12mo., price. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="noindent cap">HOMER'S ILIAD, BOOKS I.&mdash;III., with English Notes; forming a sufficient Commentary for Young Students. By the
+ R<span class="smcap lowercase">EV</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span>
+ K<span class="smcap lowercase">ERCHEVER</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">RNOLD</span>,
+M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.</p>
+<p class="center">     R<span class="smcap lowercase">IVINGTONS</span>, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;</p>
+<p class="center">     Of whom may be had, by the same Editor,</p>
+<p class="center">HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.&mdash;IV., WITH A COPIOUS<br />
+ CRITICAL INTRODUCTION AND ENGLISH NOTES. In 12mo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+<p class="blockquot">"This Edition is intended to assist more advanced students at schools
+and colleges. A more useful and complete guide to the study of Homer we
+do not know. If any body makes himself thoroughly master of the contents
+of this volume, he will find no difficulty in fully comprehending any
+other part of the Odyssey."&mdash;<i>Athenæum.</i></p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="noindent cap">THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.<br />
+Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91.</p>
+
+<p class="i9"><span class="smcap lowercase">DIRECTORS</span>.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>  H<span class="smcap lowercase">ENRY</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">ER</span>
+S<span class="smcap lowercase">EYMER</span> , Esq., M.P., Hanford, Dorset, Chairman.</li>
+<li>      J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIERS</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HELLEY</span>, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex, Deputy-Chairman.</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>      John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich.</li>
+<li>      William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street, Westminster.</li>
+<li>      Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey.</li>
+<li>      Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall, Lutterworth.</li>
+<li>      William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge, Colchester.</li>
+<li>      Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P. Eaton Square, London.</li>
+<li>      Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street.</li>
+<li>      Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks.</li>
+<li>      William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.</li>
+<li>      William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>This Company is empowered to execute&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining Estates),
+Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise improving Land.</p>
+
+<p>2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary for the cultivation of Land.</p>
+
+<p>3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of Sewers, Local Boards of
+Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other Public Bodies.</p>
+
+<p>4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by
+Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works, to
+resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act.</p>
+
+<p>Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations,
+Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited
+Interests, may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out every
+kind of permanent Improvement, either by the Application of their own or
+the Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on the Property
+improved.</p>
+<p>Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to</p>
+<p class="right">  W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LIFFORD</span>, Secretary.</p>
+<p class="left">       Offices, 52. Parliament Street,<br />
+      Westminster.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="center">A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY, in which all Words are arranged according
+to their Terminations; answering at the same time the Purpose of a
+Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language. Thick
+12mo., cloth, 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> (1851.)</p>
+<p><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> The present edition has been carefully revised throughout,
+and is now offered at a remarkably reasonable price to ensure a rapid
+sale.</p>
+<p class="center">    G. W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS</span>, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="i7">Now ready, price 5<i>s.</i> illustrated, No. I. of</p>
+
+<p class="noindent cap">THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW.</p>
+<div class="box">
+<p class="i7">CONTENTS.</p>
+
+    <p class="indh">  Introductory Address to our Readers.</p>
+  <p class="indh">      The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon Architecture.</p>
+     <p class="indh">   Design in Ecclesiastical Architecture.</p>
+     <p class="indh">  Museums at Home and Abroad.</p>
+  <p class="indh">      Ruskin and "The Stones of Venice."</p>
+     <p class="indh">   Architectural Nomenclature and Classification.</p>
+     <p class="indh">  Domestic Gothic Architecture in Germany.</p>
+    <p class="indh"> Inventors and Authorship in relation to Architecture.</p>
+  <p class="indh">   Assyrian Architecture.</p>
+     <p class="indh">  <span class="smcap lowercase">NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.</span></p>
+      <p class="indh"> Classified List of Books recently published.</p>
+      <p class="indh">  R<span class="smcap lowercase">ETROSPECTIVE</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EVIEW</span>:&mdash;Chevreul on Colour.</p>
+    <p class="indh">   B<span class="smcap lowercase">UILDINGS AND</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">URNITURE</span>.</p>
+     <p class="indh">  N<span class="smcap lowercase">EW</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">NVENTIONS</span>:&mdash;Machinery, Tools, and Instruments.&mdash;Materials,
+        and Contrivances; Self-acting Dust-shoot Door; Removal of
+        Smoke by Sewers, &amp;c. &amp;c.&mdash;Patents and Designs registered, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+<p class="blockquot">"This new and professional Quarterly we hail as an acquisition. It
+promises to be conducted with intelligence, kindly spirit, and proper
+concern for the interests of the profession and the public.... It is
+altogether a good first part."&mdash;<i>Builder.</i></p>
+<p class="center">    G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet Street (next St. Dunstan's Church).
+</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="indh">Just published, in 8 volumes 8vo., 4<i>l.</i>&nbsp;4<i>s.</i>, uniform with Library
+Editions of Herbert and Taylor,</p>
+<p class="noindent cap">THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON in VERSE and PROSE. Printed from the Original
+Editions. With a Life of the Author, by the R<span class="smcap lowercase">EV</span>.
+ J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ITFORD</span>.</p>
+<p class="center">  W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIAM</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ICKERING</span>, 177. Piccadilly.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<div class="center">
+<p>PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.</p>
+<p>CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.</p>
+<p>Established 1806.</p>
+<p>Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818<i>l.</i></p>
+<p>Annual Income, 150,000<i>l.</i>&mdash;Bonuses Declared, 743,000<i>l.</i></p>
+<p>Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450<i>l.</i></p>
+<p><i>President.</i></p>
+<p>The Right Honourable EARL GREY.</p>
+<p><i>Directors.</i></p>
+</div>
+<div class="box">
+<ul><li>      The Rev. James Sherman, <i>Chairman</i>.</li>
+<li>      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., <i>Deputy-Chairman</i>.</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.</li>
+<li>      George Dacre, Esq.</li>
+<li>      William Judd, Esq.</li>
+<li>      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.</li>
+<li>      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird</li>
+<li>      Thomas Maugham, Esq.</li>
+<li>      William Ostler, Esq.</li>
+<li>      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.</li>
+<li>      George Round, Esq.</li>
+<li>      Frederick Squire, Esq.</li>
+<li>      William Henry Stone, Esq.</li>
+<li>      Capt. William John Williams.</li>
+</ul>
+<ul>
+<li>J. A. Beaumont, Esq., <i>Managing Director</i>.</li>
+<li><i>Physician</i>&mdash;John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square.</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<p class="center">NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE<br />
+ DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.</p>
+<p class="center smaller">Example of the Extinction of Premiums<br />
+ by the Surrender of Bonuses.</p>
+ <div class="box">
+<table summary="Example of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses">
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">Date<br /> of<br /> Policy.</td><td class="tdleft">Sum<br /> Insured.</td><td class="tdleft">Original<br /> Premium.</td><td class="tdleft">Bonuses added<br /> subsequently,<br /> to be further<br /> increased<br /> annually.</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1806</td><td class="tdleft">£2500</td><td class="tdleft">£79 10 10 Extinguished</td><td class="tdleft">£1222&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;0</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1811</td><td class="tdleft">£1000</td><td class="tdleft">£33 19&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2 Ditto</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;£231 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1818</td><td class="tdleft">£1000</td><td class="tdleft">£34 16 10 Ditto</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;£114 18 10</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class="center smaller">Examples of Bonuses added<br /> to other Policies.</p>
+<table summary="Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies">
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">Policy<br /> No.</td><td class="tdleft">Date.</td><td class="tdright">Sum<br /> Insured.</td><td class="tdleft">Bonuses<br /> added.</td><td class="tdleft">Total with<br /> Additions<br /> to be further<br /> increased.</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;521</td><td class="tdleft">1807</td><td class="tdright">£900</td><td class="tdleft">&nbsp;&nbsp;£982 12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td><td class="tdleft">£1882 12&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">1174</td><td class="tdleft">1810</td><td class="tdright">£1200</td><td class="tdleft">£1160&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td><td class="tdleft">£2360&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;6</td></tr>
+<tr><td></td><td class="tdleft">3392</td><td class="tdleft">1820</td><td class="tdright">£5000</td><td class="tdleft">£3558 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td><td class="tdleft">£8558 17&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8</td></tr>
+</table>
+</div>
+<p>Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to
+the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United
+Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent
+Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="boxad">
+<p class="indh">Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to</p>
+<p class="center">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</p>
+<p class="noindent cap">PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by
+the Very Rev. H. H. M<span class="smcap lowercase">ILMAN</span>, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged
+for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for
+the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise S<span class="smcap lowercase">YSTEM OF</span>
+C<span class="smcap lowercase">HANTING</span>, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty.
+4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J. B. S<span class="smcap lowercase">ALE</span>,
+21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post
+Office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal
+Booksellers and Music Warehouses.</p>
+<p class="blockquot i3">"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+Church and Cathedral Service."&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+<p class="blockquot i3">"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+country."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+<p class="blockquot i3">"One of the best collection of tunes which we have yet seen. Well merits
+the distinguished patronage under which it appears."&mdash;<i>Musical World.</i></p>
+<p class="blockquot i3">"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting of
+a very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."&mdash;<i>John Bull.</i></p>
+<p class="center">Also, lately published,</p>
+<p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+   <p class="center">   C. L<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSDALE</span>, 26. Old Bond Street.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<p class="indh">Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, June 21. 1851.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="tnbox">
+<p>Transcriber's Note: Original spelling varieties have not been standardized.</p>
+
+<p><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages
+ in "Notes &amp; Queries", Vol. I-III</a> </p>
+ <pre>
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+86, June 21, 1851, by Various
+
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diff --git a/37496.txt b/37496.txt
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86,
+June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 86, June 21, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: September 21, 2011 [EBook #37496]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: This text uses _underscores_ to indicate _italic_
+fonts. Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. Some
+medieval contractions have been tentativley [expanded] in [brackets].
+The Roman numeral *C shows an inverted C, or closing ). A list of
+volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" was added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. III.--No. 86. SATURDAY, JUNE 21. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Notes on Books, No. I.: Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay
+      on the Right of Property in Land, by S. W. Singer          489
+
+      Notes on Ireland, No. I.: Freedom from Serpents            490
+
+      Canons and Articles of 1571                                491
+
+      On Two Passages in Dryden, by H. H. Breen                  492
+
+      Minor Notes:--Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother--Chaucer
+      and Gray--Shakspeare Family--Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey
+      Tindall--Specimens of Composition--Burke's "mighty Boar
+      of the Forest"                                             492
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Queries on Tennyson                                        493
+
+      Ancient Modes of hanging Bells, by Rev. A. Gatty           493
+
+      Minor Queries:--English Sapphics--Equestrian Statues--Plays
+      in Churches--"The Right Divine of Kings to govern
+      wrong"--Serius, where situated?--Hollander's Austerity,
+      &c.--Brother Jonathan--Authorship of the "Groves of
+      Blarney"--Carnaby--Death of Death's Painter--Book
+      Plates--Querelle d'Allemand--Bassenet of Eaton--Dumore
+      Castle, or the Petrified Fort--Charles Dodd, the
+      Ecclesiastical Historian--Ussher's Works, by
+      Dr. Elrington--Family of Etty the Artist--St. Hibbald      494
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Unde derivatur "Gooseberry
+      Fool?"--Biography of Bishop Hurd--Friday,
+      why considered unlucky--The Lord Mayor a Privy
+      Councillor--Alterius Orbis Papa--Mrs. Elstob--Cardinal
+      Bellarmin                                                  496
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      Shakspeare's Use of "Captious" and "Intenible."
+      Shakspeare's "Small Latin"                                 497
+
+      Earth thrown upon the Coffin, by Rev. A. Gatty, &c.        499
+
+      On the Word "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure," by John
+      Taylor                                                     499
+
+      Zacharie Boyd                                              500
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Death, how symbolised--A
+      Kemble Pipe--Flemish Work on the Order of St.
+      Franciscus--Meaning of Tick--Spelling of Britannia,
+      &c.--Fossil Elk of Ireland--"In Time the Bull,"
+      &c.--Baldrock--Epitaph--Prayer of Mary Queen of
+      Scots--Aristophanes on the Modern Stage--The White
+      Rose--Mark for a Dollar--Gillingham--On the Lay of
+      the Last Minstrel, &c.--Lines on Temple--Sewell, Meaning
+      of--Lambert Simnel--Tennyson's "In Memoriam"--The second
+      King of Nineveh who burned his Palace--Legend in Frettenham
+      Church--Natural Daughter of James II.--Clarkson's
+      Richmond--MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps--Meaning
+      of Pilcher--Antiquity of Smoking--Principle of
+      Association--Corpse makes a Right of Way--Chloe--Family
+      of Sir J. Banks--Verse Lyon--Heronsewes--Theory of the
+      Earth's Form--Mythology of the Stars--Topical
+      Memory--Eisell--Four Want Way--Meaning of Carfoix--A
+      regular Mull--William Hone--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Lady
+      Mary Cavendish--Hand giving the Blessing--The Oldenburg
+      Horn--Covey--Davy Jones's Locker--Umbrella--Nao,
+      a Ship--Birth of Spenser, &c.                              501
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     510
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               510
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  511
+
+      Advertisements                                             511
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, NO. I.
+
+_Mackintosh on Ogilvie's Essay on the Right of Property in Land._
+
+At the dispersion of the library of the late Sir James Mackintosh,
+striking evidence of his extensive reading appeared. It seems to have
+been his custom to always read with a pencil in his hand, to score the
+remarkable passages, and to make occasional notes; generally at the end
+of the book he indicates the place where, and date when he read it.
+
+One remarkable and not uninteresting example occurs in the following
+volume in my possession:
+
+  "An Essay on the Right of Property in Land, with respect to its
+  foundation in the Law of Nature: its present establishment by the
+  municipal laws of Europe; and the regulations by which it might be
+  rendered more beneficial to the lower ranks of Mankind." London,
+  1782, 8vo.
+
+On the inside of the cover Sir James Mackintosh has written:
+
+  "_Clapham Common_, July 18, 1828.--An ingenious and benevolent,
+  but injudicious book, which is a good example of the difficulty of
+  forming plans for the service of mankind. To the author, an
+  accomplished recluse, a lettered enthusiast of no vulgar talent or
+  character, I owe the cultivation of a sense of the beautiful in
+  poetry and eloquence, for which at the distance of near half a
+  century I feel a lively gratitude. It was written by _William
+  Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Aberdeen. I
+  even now recollect passages of his Translation of the 4th Book of
+  the Eneid.--J. MACKINTOSH."
+
+I have found a corroboration of the estimate above given of this person,
+by another of his countrymen, James Ogilvie (who appears to have been an
+itinerant teacher of oratory in America) in a volume of _Philosophical
+Essays_ published in Philadelphia in 1816. Speaking of a gifted native
+of Scotland of the name of McAllester, settled in the far west, near
+Bard's Town, and lamenting that he should choose to bury his talents in
+obscurity and indolence, the writer says:
+
+  "He came nearer to the character of a scientific sage than any
+  human being the narrator has ever known, with the exception of
+  _William Ogilvie_, Professor of Humanity in King's College, Old
+  Aberdeen, Author of a profound original 'Essay on the Right of
+  Property in Land.'"
+
+The book itself is, in some respects at least, well worthy of attention,
+and especially at the present moment, when the subject it embraces
+presses itself upon all men's consideration. On _emigration_, for
+instance, Ogilvie has some anticipatory views: thus he observes with
+truth:
+
+  "To increase the prosperity and the happiness of the greater
+  number, is the primary object of government, and the increase of
+  national happiness must be the increase of national strength. Is
+  it not then the duty, and perhaps also the interest of every
+  legislature in the West of Europe to promote the emigration of its
+  less opulent subjects, until the condition of the lower classes of
+  men at home be rendered nearly as comfortable as the condition of
+  the same classes in the new settlements of North America?"--Pp.
+  50, 51.
+
+Just now, when the Property Tax is to receive the mature consideration
+of the legislature, the following passage, which also anticipates the
+public feeling as expressed lately by an influential part of the press,
+deserves to be cited:
+
+  "Without regard to the original value of the soil, the gross
+  amount of property in land is the fittest subject of taxation; and
+  could it be made to support the whole expense of the public, great
+  advantages would arise to all orders of men. What then, may it be
+  said, would not, in that case, the proprietors of stock in trade,
+  in manufactures, and arts, escape taxation, that is, the
+  proprietors of one half of the national income? They would indeed
+  be so exempted; and very justly, and very profitably for the
+  state; for _it accords with the best interests of the community
+  through successive generations, that_ ACTIVE PROGRESSIVE INDUSTRY
+  SHOULD BE EXEMPTED, IF POSSIBLE, FROM EVERY PUBLIC BURTHEN, _and
+  that the whole weight should be laid on that quiescent stock,
+  which has been formerly accumulated, as the reward of an industry
+  which is now no longer exerted_."--P. 207.
+
+In another work on political economy, Sir James has also recorded his
+opinion, and indicated some passages, which have been copied by Godwin.
+The work is: _Doutes Proposes aux Philosophes Economistes sur l'Ordre
+Naturel et Essentiel des Societes Politiques, par M. l'Abbe de Mably_: a
+la Haye, 1768, 8vo.
+
+  "This book is a greater mixture of sense and nonsense than any
+  other I ever read. What he says against the _Political_ jargon of
+  the Economists, their evidence and their _despotisme legal_, is
+  perfectly well reasoned. His own system of ascribing all evils to
+  the Institution _of Separate Property_ is too absurd for any
+  serious discussion."
+
+It is pleasant to have these recorded opinions of such a man as
+Mackintosh on books the subjects of which he had deeply meditated.
+Indeed, to me there is a great charm in such private memoranda of a
+distinguished and able man, giving the passing impression on his mind in
+the course of his reading.
+
+    S. W. SINGER.
+
+  Mickleham, June 7. 1851.
+
+
+NOTES ON IRELAND, NO. I.
+
+_Notes on Ireland's Freedom from Serpents._
+
+That Ireland was infested with venomous reptiles before St. Patrick's
+time, that he banished them, "_and that serpents cannot survive in
+Ireland_," is a well-known tradition, and one universally received
+amongst the native Irish. In Christian symbolism it was usual to
+designate sin or Paganism by a serpent or dragon, and saints who
+converted heathen nations, or subdued the evil promptings of their own
+nature, were represented with a serpent or dragon beneath their feet.
+Thus, St. Patrick, by preaching the doctrine of the Cross, and uprooting
+Paganism, may be said to have banished venomous serpents from Ireland.
+In his case, however, the symbol may have had a deeper meaning, if, as
+many (and with great probability) think, _serpent worship_ formed part
+of that Oriental heathenism which obtained in early times in Ireland.
+
+Dr. Geoffry Keating, in his _History of Ireland_ (in the Irish
+language), which he completed about the year 1625, says: "Saoilim gurab
+do an _deamhnaibk_ gairmithear _naithreacha nimke_ i m-beathaidh
+Patraic" ("I think that by the serpents spoken of in the life of St.
+Patrick were meant _demons_"). _Serpents_ figure among the carvings and
+hieroglyphical ornaments on some of the remnants of Irish antiquity
+which still puzzle our antiquaries. On Cruach Padruig, in Mayo, there is
+a sort of tarn which still bears the name of Loch na Pheiste, or the
+Serpent's Lake; and one of "the Two Lakes," whence Gleandaloch derives
+its name, has the same appellation.
+
+Solinus, who flourished at the close of the second century, notices, I
+believe, the strange fact of Ireland's having an immunity from reptiles;
+Isidore and Bede, in the seventh and eighth centuries, respectively
+repeat the assertion. Donatus, Bishop of Fesulae, who flourished about
+the middle of the ninth century, says, in a Latin poem on his native
+country:
+
+      "Nulla venena nocent; nec Serpens serpit in herba;
+      Nec conquesta canit garrula Rana lacu
+      In qua Scotorum gentes habitare merentur;
+      Inclyta gens hominum, milite, pace, fide."
+
+"Rana." A note on this word in Montgomery's _Poetry of Ireland_
+declares:
+
+  "However fabulous this may appear, it is certain that _Frogs_ were
+  formerly unknown in this country: _they were first propagated here
+  from spawn introduced as an experiment by a Fellow of Trinity
+  College, Dublin, in 1696_."
+
+Joceline of Furnes, Sir James Ware, Fynes Moryson, and several others,
+notice the absence of serpents in Ireland.
+
+A Belfast correspondent to the _Dublin Penny Journal_, June, 1834,
+mentions some cases of _introducing reptiles_ into Ireland:
+
+  "About 1797, a gentleman is said to have imported from England
+  into Wexford, a number of vipers:"
+
+they died immediately after. He continues:--
+
+  "We are sorry to record that the virtues of the good old times
+  have passed away, _as snakes are at this moment_ (June, 1834)
+  _free denizens of the County of Down, and gambolling in its
+  shrubberies and plantings_."
+
+The particulars are as follows:
+
+  "In the summer of 1831, a gentleman, by way of experiment to
+  ascertain whether snakes would survive in Ireland, brought from
+  Scotland a few pair of what are usually called the common snake
+  (_Coluber natrix_). These he put into a plantation at Milecross,
+  near Newtownards, where they soon from their number gave evidence
+  of becoming as fruitful as if they had been placed in South
+  Carolina."
+
+I have not heard how long the snakes continued at Milecross, but I
+believe they are not there now. The Marquis of W----d, I have heard, in
+a similar freak, endeavoured, but unsuccessfully, to propagate snakes on
+his property.
+
+The usual Irish word for _serpent_ is _nathair_; Welsh, _gnadr_; German,
+_natter_; Anglo-Saxon, _naedre_; Latin, _natrix_; English, _adder_. The
+epithet _nimhe_, poison, is often added, and a compound word made,
+_nathair-neimhe_.
+
+_Peist_, a word I have before alluded to, is analogous with the Latin
+_best-ia_, and means a _worm_, a _beast_, as well as a _serpent_.
+
+    EIRIONNACH.
+
+
+CANONS AND ARTICLES OF 1571.
+
+Dearest Sir,
+
+Yours of the 4th I showed to Mr. Baker, who desires me to tell you, that
+the Canons of 1571, with the subscriptions, are (as the Articles) in
+paper bound up in the same volume of the _Synodalia_, and stand there
+next to the "Articles of 1571" subscribed by the Archbishop and ten
+Bishops.
+
+I agree with you that the MS. of 1562 was designed to be subscribed
+without alterations; but your reasons do not satisfy me that the
+alterations were posterior to the subscription, for notwithstanding the
+alterations it appeared very plain to the subscribers what they
+subscribed to, and there needed no memorandum to them that the lines of
+minium were designed to exclude all that was scored; and the care that
+was taken to alter the account of the number of lines and Articles of
+the several pages conformably to the alterations made by the lines of
+minium was wholly unnecessary, and to no purpose, except the
+subscriptions were to follow, in the middle of which the subscribers own
+the exact number of Articles and lines in every page, and therefore this
+care was necessary that their subscription might be true; but supposing
+they subscribed before the alterations, the lines of minium were
+sufficient to show what alterations were to be made in the new copy of
+the Articles, and not the least occasion for adjusting the number of
+Articles and lines at the end to the foregoing pages. But both these are
+but conjectures on your and my part, and the main point does not depend
+upon them, which is in my opinion, whether this MS. could be designed
+for the _Publick Record_, and that it was not I think the want of such a
+memorandum as you speak of, as well as the Archbishop leaving it to C.
+C. C. as his own property, is a sufficient evidence: though I must
+confess I am apt to think the postscript in the _Publick Record_ (which
+I take to be printed from the record in Renald Wolfe's edition of 1563
+referred to by your adversary) refers to this MS., and the subscriptions
+to it of both houses.
+
+Mr. Baker nor I had Gibson's _Synod. Anglicana_; but this morning I got
+a sight of it from the booksellers, and have sent it to Mr. Baker, who I
+hope will make a better use of it than I am able to do; the passage you
+refer to favours an opinion that I have had, that the subscriptions were
+left in the keeping of the President of the Convocation, the Archbishop
+or Bishop of London; but that a _Publick Record_ (different from that
+with the subscriptions, and left with the President) was engrossed in
+parchment, and preserved in its proper place, the Registry of the
+Convocation; and thus that which Archbishop Laud found at Lambeth might
+be left there.
+
+I cannot tell exactly the number of blank pages (whether three or more)
+between the subscription of the Bishops and of the Lower House in 1562.
+Both Mr. Baker and I omitted to take so much notice of it; but we both
+remember that there might be room in the MS. for the clause in the
+beginning of the twentieth Article, partly in the space between the
+nineteenth and the twentieth Article, and partly in the margin; or in
+the margin there might be room enough for the whole clause.
+
+Rogers' first edition was 1579, under this title: "The English Creed,
+wherein is contained in tables an Exposition on the Articles, which
+every one is to subscribe unto. Where the Article is expounded by
+Scriptures and Confessions of all the Reformed Churches and Heresies
+displayed, by Thomas Rogers. Printed for Andrew Mansell, 1579, in fol."
+This title I transcribe from Andrew Mansell's printed Catalogue of
+Books, published 1595. I mentioned to you another edition in 1585, the
+first part, and 1587, the second part, with a new title and pretty great
+additions; and I think I told you the second part began with the
+twentieth Article. It may seem from thence that his first edition in
+1579 was not upon all the Articles; but I believe it was, and that the
+other edition came not out both parts together, because of the
+additions. I am sorry you find it not among Mr. Anstey's books, nor can
+I find it here. With my humble service to your good lady, I am, dearest
+sir, your most affectionate humble servant,
+
+    THO. BROWNE.
+
+The letter, of which the above is a transcript, may be interesting to
+some of your readers; I therefore send it you for publication; the name
+of the person to whom it was addressed, and the date, have been torn
+off.
+
+    (p).
+
+  [Thomas Browne, the writer of the foregoing letter, was a fellow
+  of St. John's College, Cambridge; but subsequently, with his
+  friend Mr. Baker, became a Nonjuror. The letter appears to have
+  been written to the Rev. Hilkiah Bedford, a Nonjuring clergyman,
+  who was at this time preparing his masterly reply to Anthony
+  Collins' work, _Priestcraft in Perfection_, which was published in
+  1709. Mr. Bedford's work was published anonymously, and is
+  entitled, _A Vindication of the Church of England from the
+  Aspersions of a late Libel entituled "Priestcraft in Perfection,"
+  &c._ By a Priest of the Church of England: London, 1710. The
+  preface has been attributed to Dr. Joseph Trapp. Mr. Bedford has
+  availed himself of the information conveyed to him in the letter
+  given above, especially in pages 32. 35. 42. 78. 84. At page 101.
+  he says, "I shall set down what farther account concerning this
+  ancient MS. I have received in several letters from two persons of
+  great learning and integrity at Cambridge, who have consulted
+  these MSS. of Corpus Christi formerly, and been so obliging to
+  examine them again now for my satisfaction, with all the care and
+  exactness due to a matter of such moment." The _minium_ mentioned
+  by the writer of the letter is the red lead pencil commonly used
+  by Archbishop Parker, for noting particular passages in the
+  documents he perused.]
+
+
+ON TWO PASSAGES IN DRYDEN.
+
+I have met with a notion in Dryden's _Poems_, which reads very like a
+blunder. It occurs in the "Spanish Friar," as follows:--
+
+      "There is a pleasure sure in being mad,
+      Which none but madmen know."
+
+And again in this couplet:
+
+      "And frantic men in their mad actions show
+      A happiness, that none but madmen know;"
+
+There is a description of madness to which all men are more or less
+subject, and which Pascal alludes to in one of his "Pensees:"
+
+  "Les hommes sont si necessairement fous, que ce serait etre fou
+  par un autre tour de folie, que de ne pas etre fou:"
+
+or, as Boileau has it in the couplet:
+
+      "Tous les hommes sont fous, et malgre leurs soins,
+      Ne different, entre eux, que du plus ou du moins."
+
+There is another sort of madness which is described by Terence as
+
+      ---- "cum ratione insanire."
+
+And there is a third species of it, which Dryden himself speaks of in
+the well-known line adopted from Seneca:
+
+      "Great wits are sure to madness near allied."
+
+Now, it is obvious that, in the passages above quoted from Dryden, he
+does not refer to any of these three kinds of madness. As a man, he
+could say in regard to the first:
+
+      "Homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto."
+
+As a man of the world his whole life was an exemplification of the
+second; for no one knew better than he how to be mad by rule. And as one
+of our greatest wits he was entitled to claim a near alliance to that
+madness which is characteristic of men of genius. It is clear,
+therefore, that, in the lines quoted above, he speaks of that total
+deprivation of reason, which is emphatically described as stark, staring
+madness; and hence the blunder. In point of fact, Dryden either knew the
+pleasure and happiness of which he speaks, as belonging to that sort of
+madness, or he did not know them. If he knew them, then by his own
+showing he was a madman. If he did not know them, how could he affirm
+that none but madmen knew them?
+
+Should my view of this matter be incorrect, I shall be thankful to any
+of your readers who will take the trouble to set me right.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, April 15. 1851.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Lord Edward Fitzgerald's Mother._--A highly respectable woman, recently
+living in my service, and who was born and bred in the household of the
+late Duke of Leinster, told me that, when she was a child, she was much
+about the person of "the old Duchess;" and that she had often seen the
+bloody handkerchief that was taken off Lord Edward Fitzgerald, after he
+had been shot at his capture. This relic of her unfortunate son the
+venerable and noble lady always wore stitched inside her dress. The
+peerage states that she was a daughter of the Duke of Richmond, was
+married in 1746-7, and bore seventeen children. As the arrest of Lord
+Edward Fitzgerald was not until 1798, she must have been full seventy
+years old when she thus mourned; reminding one in the sternness of her
+grief of the "Ladye of Branksome."
+
+    A. G.
+
+_Chaucer and Gray._--Of all the oft-quoted lines from Gray's _Elegy_,
+there is not one which is more frequently introduced than the well-known
+
+      "E'en, in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+Now Gray was an antiquary, and there is no doubt too well read in
+Chaucer. Is it too much, therefore, to suggest that he owed this line
+to one in Chaucer's "Reves Prologue:"
+
+      "Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Chaucer the sentiment it embodies is satirical:--
+
+      "For whan we may not don, than wol we speken,
+      Yet in our ashen cold is fire yreken."
+
+In Gray, on the other hand, it is the moralist who solemnly declares:
+
+      "E'en from the tomb the voice of nature cries,
+      E'en in our ashes live their wonted fires."
+
+But the coincidence cannot surely be accidental.
+
+    WILLIAM J. THOMS.
+
+_Shakspeare Family._--In the _Rotulorum Patentium et Clausorum
+Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium_, vol. i. pars i. p. 99 b. is an
+entry, which shows that one Thomas _Shakespere_ and Richard Portyngale
+were appointed Comptrollers of Customs in the port of Youghal, in
+Ireland, in the fifty-first year of Edward III.
+
+    J. F. F.
+
+_Epitaph on Dr. Humphrey Tindall_ (Vol. iii., p. 422.).--The epitaph in
+Killyleagh churchyard is not unlike the following inscription on the
+tomb of Umphrey Tindall, D.D., Dean of Ely and President of Queen's
+College, Cambridge, who died Oct 12, 1650, in his sixty-fifth year, and
+is buried in the south aisle of the choir of Ely Cathedral:--
+
+      "In presence, government, good actions, and in birth,
+      Grave, wise, courageous, noble, was this earth;
+      The poor, the Church, the College say, here lies
+      A friend, a Dean, a Master, true, good, wise."
+
+    K. C.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Specimens of Composition._--In the current (June) number of the
+_Eclectic Review_ there is a critique on Gilfillan's _Bards of the
+Bible_, the writer of which indulges in the use of several most
+inelegant, extraordinary, and unpardonable expressions. He speaks of
+"spiritual monoptotes," &c., as if all his readers were as learned as he
+himself professes to be: but the climax of his sorry literary attempt is
+as follows:
+
+  "Over the whole literature of modern times there is a feeling of
+  reduced inspiration, milder possession, relaxed orgasmus,
+  tabescent vitality, spiritual collapse."--P. 725.
+
+What would the author of the _Spectator_ have thought of a writer who
+could unblushingly parade before the literary public such words as
+"relaxed orgasmus," "tabescent vitality," "monoptotes," &c.?
+
+    J. H. KERSHAW.
+
+_Burke's "mighty Boar of the Forest."_--It has been much canvassed, what
+induced Burke to call Junius the "mighty boar of the forest." In the
+thirteenth book of the _Iliad_ I found that Idomeneus, when awaiting the
+attack of AEneas, is compared to the "boar of the mountains." I think it
+therefore probable that Burke applied the comparison (quoting, from
+memory) to Junius. Perhaps you will not think this trifle unworthy of a
+place among the "Notes."
+
+    KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+QUERIES ON TENNYSON.
+
+I should be much obliged to any of your correspondents who would explain
+the following passages of Tennyson:
+
+1. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 361.):
+
+      "God made himself an awful rose of dawn."
+
+2. _Vision of Sin_ (_Poems_, p. 367.):
+
+                        "Behold! it was a crime
+      Of sense avenged by sense that wore with time."
+
+3. _In Memoriam_, p. 127.:
+
+      "Over those ethereal eyes
+      The bar of Michael Angelo."
+
+(Coleridge, _Introduction to Second Lay Sermon_, p. xxvi., says:
+
+  "Whose ample foreheads, with the weighty bar, ridge-like, above
+  the eye-brows, bespoke observation followed by meditative
+  thought:"
+
+but why the allusion to Michael Angelo?)
+
+  [Is our correspondent aware that the "_Bar_ of Michael Angelo" has
+  already formed the subject of a Query from MR. SINGER. See our 2nd
+  Vol., p. 166.]
+
+4. _The Princess_, p. 66.:
+
+      "Dare we dream of that, I ask'd,
+      Which wrought us, as the workman and his work,
+      That practice betters."
+
+"Heir of all the ages." Is this traceable to the following lines of
+Goethe?
+
+      "Mein Vermaechtniss, wie herrlich weit und breit!
+      Die Zeit ist mein Vermaechtniss, mein Acker ist die Zeit!"
+
+Is the poem "The Lord of Burleigh" founded on fact or not? In an old
+review of Tennyson in the _Westminster and Foreign Quarterly_, it is
+stated to refer to the "mesalliance of the Marquis of Westminster;" but
+any such notion is denied in the article on "Ballad Poetry" in the last
+number of that journal.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+
+ANCIENT MODES OF HANGING BELLS.
+
+In the Churchwardens' accounts of Ecclesfield parish, the following
+entries occur:--
+
+      "1527. It. paid to James Frodsam for makyng of iiij bell
+                 collers, xiiijd.
+
+      "----. It. paid to Robert Dawyre mendyng a bell
+                 wheyll, iijd.
+
+      "1530. It. for festnynge a gogon in ye belle
+                 yocke, jd."
+
+The foregoing extracts are quoted with a view to ascertaining at how
+early a period the framework, now employed for suspending bells in
+churches, was in use. It would appear that in 1527 the bell-_wheel_ was
+known, and the bell swung on gudgeons ("gogon"), as it does now; but it
+may be doubted whether it was the same full wheel which we have. In a
+paper on Bells, read before the Bristol and West of England
+Architectural Society, Dec. 10, 1849, by the Rev. H. T. Ellacombe, and
+which has since been published in that Society's Report, I observe that
+two interesting plates of the bell-wheels are given: one being the old
+half-wheel, as still to be seen at Dunchideock in Devonshire; and the
+other the present whole wheel, which Mr. Ellacombe considers was a new
+thing in 1677.
+
+Supposing that only the half-wheel was known in 1725, still the leverage
+which it afforded in raising the bell was the same as is given by its
+modern substitute. What then was the still earlier way of obtaining the
+momentum necessary to peal-ringing? A drawing of an ancient campanile
+turret which I have, exhibits a short piece of wood stuck at right
+angles into the beam to which the bell is fastened; and from the end of
+this, the rope depends, and would, of course, when pulled, easily swing
+the bell on its axle.
+
+Observation in old belfries, or illustrations in old books, would
+possibly throw light upon my Query, which is, What were the modes of
+hanging church bells for ringing, prior to the invention of the
+bell-wheel?
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_English Sapphics._--Can any of your readers furnish a list of the best
+specimens of the English sapphic metre in the English language?--Every
+one is familiar with Canning's _Needy Knife Grinder_, in the poetry of
+the _Anti-Jacobin_, but I do not believe Dr. Watts's beautiful sapphic
+lines are as well known as they deserve. I have not a copy of them by
+me, but I give the first stanza from memory:
+
+      "When the fierce North Wind, with his airy forces,
+      Rears up the Baltic to a foaming fury,
+      And the red lightning, with a storm of hail, comes
+                        Rushing amain down."
+
+    FM.
+
+_Equestrian Statues._--I have heard it remarked that, with the solitary
+exception of the Duke of Wellington, there is no instance of an
+equestrian statue being erected to a subject, in Her Majesty's
+dominions. Is this so?
+
+    FM.
+
+_Plays in Churches._--In Cooke's _Leicestershire_ the following is given
+as an extract from the church register of Syston:
+
+  "1602, paid to Lord Morden's players because they should not play
+  in the church, 12d."
+
+Who was this Lord Morden; and did the chartered players claim the right
+of their predecessors, the "moralitie men," to use the church for their
+representations? Was the 12_d._ given as a bribe to the players to
+induce them to forego their claim, or expended in the hire of a place
+more in accordance with the parish authorities' ideas of propriety?
+
+    EMUN.
+
+"_The Right Divine of Kings to govern wrong._"--Where is this oft-quoted
+line to be found, and who is the author of it? It is marked as a
+quotation in Pope's _Dunciad_, book iv.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+_Serius, where situated?_--In requesting the information upon a point in
+geography with which this note concludes, I shall not, I trust, incur
+censure for introducing it by quoting a few of the lines in which the
+poet Vida conveys to parents his advice upon the choice of a master for
+their sons:
+
+      "Interea moniti vos hic audite, parentes,
+      Quaerendus rector de millibus, eque legendus,
+      Sicubi Musarum studiis insignis et arte,
+      Qui curas dulces, carique parentis amorem
+      Induat, atque velit blandum perferre laborem.
+      * * * * *
+      Ille autem, pueri cui credita cura colendi,
+      Artibus egregiis, in primis optet amari,
+      Atque odium cari super omnia vitet alumni."
+
+I cannot pass unnoticed his counsel to masters:
+
+      "Ponite crudeles iras, et flagra, magistri,
+      Foeda ministeria, atque minis absistite acerbis.
+      Ne mihi ne, quaeso, puerum quis verbera cogat
+      Dura pati; neque enim lacrymas, aut dulcis alumni
+      Ferre queunt Musae gemitus, aegraeque recedunt,
+      Illiusque cadunt animi," &c.
+
+Vida exemplifies the consequences of the furious character and raging
+conduct of a master, in the harsh treatment of his defenceless flock
+(_turba invalida_), in the instance of a lovely boy, who, forgetful of
+fear,
+
+      "Post habuit ludo jussos ediscere versus."
+
+The terror excited by the savage pedagogue throws the poor little fellow
+into a fatal illness:
+
+      "Quo subito terrore puer miserabilis acri
+      Corripitur morbo; parvo is post tempore vitam
+      Crescentem blanda coeli sub luce reliquit.
+      Illum populifer Padus, illum _Serius_ imis
+      _Seriades_que diu Nymphae flevere sub undis."
+
+      _Vidae Poet._, lib, i. 216. &c.
+
+My inquiry is after _Serius Seriades_que Nymphae. Where is the Serius?
+What is the Italian name for this (I presume) tributary of the Po?
+
+    F. W. F.
+
+_Hollander's Austerity, &c._--Will you, or some one of your readers,
+kindly explain the allusions in the following passage?--
+
+  "Mr. Secretary Winwood is dead, whereby you see _Death expects no
+  Complement_, otherwise he would certainly have _kept it at the
+  Staff's End_, with a kind of _Hollander's austerity_." [Sir Th.
+  Wentworth to Sir H. Wotton, Nov. 8. 1617, _Strafford's Letters and
+  Despatches_, vol. i. p. 5.]
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+_Brother Jonathan._--Why is, and when first was, this fraternal cognomen
+bestowed upon the United States of America? Is it strictly applicable to
+the whole of the Union, or only to those states which were settled and
+peopled by the Puritan fathers?
+
+    HENRY CAMPKIN.
+
+_Authorship of the "Groves of Blarney."_--Can any one inform me when,
+and by whom, the ludicrous ballad, entitled the Groves of Blarney, was
+composed, and where it may be found. Everybody knows the lines which
+describe "Cupid and Venus and old Nicodemus, all standing out in the
+open air."
+
+    E. V.
+
+_Carnaby._--What is the derivation and meaning of this word, as the name
+of a square or street?
+
+    ARUN.
+
+_Death of Death's Painter._--Most persons have heard of the story of an
+Italian painter who embodied the idea of Death on the canvass so
+truthfully, that the contemplation of it caused his own death. I always
+thought it was fabulous, till I met with it in the translation of
+Vasari's _Lives of the Painters_, vol. ii. p. 305., now being published
+in Bohn's _Standard Library_. The name of Fivizzano is there given to
+the painter, and the following epigram is said to have been inscribed
+beneath the picture:--
+
+      "Me veram pictor divinus mente recepit.
+        Admota est operi deinde perita manus.
+      Dumque opere in facto defigit lumina pictor,
+        Intentus nimium, palluit et moritur.
+      Viva igitur sum mors, non mortua mortis imago
+        Si fungor, quo mors fungitur officio."
+
+Which may be thus translated:--
+
+      Me with such truth the painter's mind discerned,
+        While with such skilful hand the work he plied,
+      That when to view his finished work he turned,
+        With horror stricken, he grew pale, and died.
+      Sure I am living Death, not Death's dead shade,
+        That do Death's work, and am like Death obeyed.
+
+Can you refer me to any authority for the story?
+
+    J. C. H.
+
+  Finsbury.
+
+_Book Plates._--I have been some years collecting book plates with a
+view latterly of writing _A History of Book Plates_, if I can find time
+to do so. Several years ago, in a paper which was printed in the _Oxford
+Heraldic Society's Report_, I suggested 1700 as their earliest known
+date. I am glad to have an opportunity of mentioning that paper for the
+sake of saying, that I made some mistakes in it. Mr. Burgon on seeing it
+said, in a following report, that he had seen a book plate dated 1698. I
+have since obtained one or two dated in that year. I am anxious to know
+from any of your readers whether they have seen any English book plate
+dated before 1698. I am inclined to think that foreign book plates are
+to be found of an earlier date. I have some, unfortunately not dated,
+which I think are earlier. There is no doubt, however, that in this
+country at least they did not become general till after that date. If I
+live to publish the little work which I meditate, I will give all the
+information which I can produce on the subject.
+
+    DANIEL PARSONS.
+
+_Querelle d'Allemand._--The phrase, "faire une querelle d'Allemand,"
+means, as your readers are aware, to pick a quarrel with a person for
+the mere pleasure of quarrelling: and the earliest instance of its
+application, that occurs to me, will be found in one of Du Vair's
+essays, where speaking of the virtues of some of his predecessors in the
+office of "chancelier", he says:
+
+  "Apres avoir longuement et fidelement servi la patrie, on leur
+  dresse des querelles d'Allemand, et de fausses accusations pour
+  les bannir des affaires."
+
+Is the origin of this expression connected with any particular
+occurrence in history; or has it arisen from any proneness to quarrel,
+which might be said to be inherent in the national character of the
+Germans?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+_Bassenet of Eaton._--Edward Bassenet, the first married Dean of St.
+Patrick's, Dublin, and who in the words of Swift, "surrendered the
+deanery to that beast Hen. VIII.," was of a family seated at Eaton, in
+Denbighshire. He had four sons, Richard, William, John, and George; on
+whom he settled the Irish property which he acquired at the surrender,
+and probably what he held at Eaton. (See Mason's _St. Patrick's_, p.
+151.)
+
+Can any of your correspondents inform me if this family be still in
+existence, and in possession? or if not, how soon it failed? From the
+notices given by Mason, it seems probable that the eldest son died
+without issue; but even this is not certain, and beyond this I have no
+clue.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Dumore Castle, or the Petrified Fort._--Can any of your valued
+contributors trace the origin of this ancient fortress, which is
+situated on a peak of the Grampian Hills, seven miles north-east from
+Crieff, immediately above the romantic glen of Almond, so much spoken of
+in Wordsworth's poems as the burial-place of Ossian. The fort has the
+appearance of a large circus ring, around which are scattered the
+remains of this once remarkable stronghold, and which to every
+appearance have been burned to an extensive degree. Tradition assigns it
+to be the spot in which the Caledonians so nobly defended the further
+progress northward of the Romans; and also that it was the custom in
+those days, for the purpose of making their places of defence more
+secure, to build a double wall, in which all manner of combustibles
+were put, which they kindled, and let burn for the space of a few days.
+Being peculiarly attached to this romantic spot, and anxious to have any
+particulars regarding its history, perhaps you would be so kind as give
+it a corner in your valuable "NOTES AND QUERIES;" whereby it may be the
+means of gaining an answer to my Query.
+
+    JAMES C.
+
+_Charles Dodd, the Ecclesiastical Historian._--The catalogue of the
+Bodleian Library asserts that this author's real name is Hugh Tootle. I
+should like to know the authority for this statement?
+
+    TYRO.
+
+  Dublin.
+
+_Ussher's Works, by Dr. Elrington._--If you, or any of your
+correspondents, can inform me when the remaining volume of the new
+edition of Archbishop Ussher's works by Dr. Elrington, is likely to be
+published, I shall esteem it a favour, as I am unable to learn from the
+booksellers.
+
+    C. PAINE, Jun.
+
+_Family of Etty the Artist._--In the _Diary_ of Ralph Thoresby, F. R.
+S., 1702, vol. i. p. 366., occurs the following passage:--
+
+  "Evening sat up too late with a parcel of artists I had got on my
+  hands; Mr. Gyles, the famousest painter of glass perhaps in the
+  world, and his nephew, Mr. Smith, the bell-founder (from whom I
+  received the ringing or gingling spur, and that most remarkable,
+  with a neck six inches and a half long); Mr. Carpenter the
+  statuary, and Mr. Etty the painter, with whose father, Mr. Etty,
+  senr, the architect, the most celebrated Grinlin Gibbons wrought
+  at York, but whether apprenticed with him or not I remember not
+  well. Sate up full late with them."
+
+Thoresby at this time was at York. Were these Ettys ancestors of the
+late William Etty? In the "Autobiography" published in the _Art
+Journal_, it is stated that his father was a miller at York, but the
+account goes no farther back. It would be interesting to ascertain how
+far this was a case of hereditary genius. Is anything known of the "Etty
+the Painter," and "Etty, Sen., the architect," to whom Thoresby alludes?
+and are any of their works extant?
+
+    G. J. DE WILDE.
+
+_St. Hibbald._--Who was St. Hibbald, and where is some account of him to
+be found? He is reported to have been buried at Hibbaldstowe, near
+Kirton, in Lindsey.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Unde derivatur "Gooseberry Fool?"_--I have heard some wild guesses on
+this subject; the most preposterous, perhaps, being that which would
+connect the term with gooseberry _food_.
+
+Has not the French word _fouler_, "to press," or "squeeze," something to
+do with the matter?
+
+    T. J. T.
+
+  Cheltenham, May 6. 1851.
+
+  [Our correspondent will find ample confirmation of the accuracy of
+  his derivation in Tarver's _Phraseological Dictionary_, where,
+  under _Fouler_, he will find the examples, "_Fouler des pommes, du
+  raisin_, to press, to crush, to squeeze apples, grapes."]
+
+_Biography of Bishop Hurd._--The longest biographical sketch I remember
+to have seen of the late Bishop Hurd, the friend and biographer of
+Bishop Warburton, was in a work called the _Ecclesiastical Register_, or
+some such name, I suppose of the date of 1809 or thereabouts. Can any
+correspondent of "NOTES AND QUERIES" direct me to the precise title and
+date of the work, or point out any better sketch of the Bishop's life?
+
+    F. K.
+
+  [In the collected Works of Bishop Hurd, 8 vols. 8vo., edit. 1811,
+  will be found an autobiographical sketch of the Bishop, entitled
+  "Some Occurrences in my Life," discovered among his papers after
+  his decease. Nichols' _Literary Anecdotes of the Eighteenth
+  Century_, vol. vi. pp. 468-512., contains a long and interesting
+  account of the Bishop. See also the _Annual Register_, vol. 1. p.
+  155.]
+
+_Friday, why considered unlucky._--Can any of your readers tell me why
+Friday is considered an unlucky day?
+
+    E. N. W.
+
+  [There is no doubt the belief of Friday being an unlucky day
+  originated in its being the day of the Crucifixion. A very early
+  allusion to this superstition, and which has not we believe been
+  recorded by Brande, will be found in Geoffrey de Vinsauf's "Lament
+  for Richard Coeur de Lion," who was killed on a Friday:
+
+      "O Veneris lacrymosa dies, O sidus amarum!
+      Illa dies tua nox fuit, et Venus illa venenum."
+
+   It is to this passage Chaucer refers in his _Nonnes_ Preeste's
+   Tale, v. 15, 353., _et seq._, when he says:
+
+      "O Gaufride, dere maister soverain,
+      That, whan thy worthy King Richard was slain
+      With shot, complainedest his deth so sore,
+      Why ne had I now thy science and thy lore,
+      The Friday for to chiden, as did ye?
+      For on a Friday sothly slain was he."]
+
+_The Lord Mayor a Privy Councillor._--Can any of your contributors
+inform me whether the prefix "Right Honourable" is accorded to the title
+of the Lord Mayor of London as a mere matter of courtesy, or whether our
+Chief Magistrate is for the time being _ex officio_ a Privy Councillor,
+and consequently "Right Honourable?"
+
+If any authority for either position can be cited, so much the more
+satisfactory.
+
+    LEGALIS.
+
+  [The Lord Mayor is never sworn as a Privy Councillor; but on the
+  demise of the Crown attends the meeting, of the Privy Council held
+  on such occasion, and signs the proclamation of the new Sovereign.
+  On the accession of William IV., some objection was, we believe,
+  made to the admission of the Lord Mayor into the Council Chamber,
+  which was, however, abandoned on an intimation that if the Lord
+  Mayor was not admitted, he would retire, accompanied by his
+  officers and the aldermen who were present.]
+
+_Alterius Orbis Papa._--In the Bishop of Exeter's celebrated _Pastoral
+Letter_, p. 44., the Archbishop of Canterbury is styled--
+
+  "The second spiritual chief of Christendom, _alterius orbis
+  Papa_."
+
+In conversation a few days since I heard these expressions objected to,
+when a gentleman present observed that the title "Alterius orbis Papa"
+was conferred by the Bishop of Rome, or Pope of Christendom, on his
+confrere of Canterbury, at a very early period. His memory did not
+furnish him with the precise date, but he was convinced that such was
+the fact as reported in Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, and seemed
+inclined to refer it to a period not long subsequent to the mission of
+Augustine.
+
+Is such the fact? or, if not, to whom may the words be ascribed?
+
+    A. B.
+
+  Redland, June 5.
+
+  [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p.
+  40., speaking of Wolsey's attempt to gain the popedom, says, "His
+  aim was the chair of St. Peter, and to the attainment of his
+  wishes he rendered subservient both the alliances and the enmities
+  of his own country. At home, even the papacy could confer on him
+  no accession of power: he was indeed _papa alterius orbis_."]
+
+_Mrs. Elstob._--Mrs. Elstob, the Anglo-Saxon scholar, is stated by a
+recent reviewer to have passed the period of her seclusion in a village
+in Wiltshire, until taken notice of by a neighbouring clergyman. What
+village was this, and who was the clergyman? for other authorities place
+her at Evesham in Worcestershire.
+
+    J. W.
+
+  [We are inclined to think that _Wiltshire_ must be a misprint for
+  _Worcestershire_ in the Review, as the notices of Miss Elstob in
+  Kippis' _Biographia Britannica_, and Nichols' _Anecdotes of
+  Bowyer_, only speak of her retirement in distressed circumstances
+  to Evesham, where she attracted the notice of Mr. Ballard, author
+  of _Memoirs of British Ladies_, and of Mrs. Capon, wife of the
+  Rev. Mr. Capon, of Stanton, in Gloucestershire.]
+
+_Cardinal Bellarmin._--I find the following passage in D'Israeli's
+_Curiosities of Literature_:--
+
+  "Bellarmin was made a Cardinal for his efforts and devotion to the
+  Papal cause, and maintaining this monstrous paradox--that if the
+  Pope forbid the exercise of virtue and command that of vice, the
+  Roman Church, under pain of sin, was obliged to abandon virtue for
+  vice, if it would not sin against conscience."
+
+Can any of your readers favour me with the text in Bellarmin, which
+contains this "monstrous paradox?"
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia, May, 1851.
+
+  [The passage will be found in _Disputationum Roberti Bellarmini,
+  de Controversiis Christianae Fidei: De Summo Pontifice_, lib. iv.
+  cap. v. sect. 8.: Pragae, 1721, fol., vol. i. p. 456.:
+
+  "8. Secundo, quia tunc necessario erraret, etiam circa fidem. Nam
+  fides Catholica docet, omnem virtutem esse bonam, omne vitium esse
+  malum: si autem Papa erraret praecipiendo vitia, vel prohibendo
+  virtutes, teneretur Ecclesia credere, vitia esse bona, et virtutes
+  malas, nisi vellet contra conscientiam peccare. Tenetur enim in
+  rebus dubiis Ecclesia acquiescere judicio summi Pontificis, et
+  facere quod ille praecipit; non facere, quod ille prohibet; ac ne
+  forte contra conscientiam agat, tenetur credere bonum esse, quod
+  ille praecipit: malum, quod ille prohibet."]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "CAPTIOUS" AND "INTENIBLE." SHAKSPEARE'S "SMALL
+LATIN."
+
+(Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. 65.)
+
+This is another discussion in which Shakspeare's love of antithesis has
+not been sufficiently recognised.
+
+The contrast in this case is in the ideas--ever receiving, never
+retaining: an allusion to the hopeless punishment of the Danaides, so
+beautifully appropriate, so unmistakeably apparent, and so well
+supported in the context, that I should think it unnecessary to offer a
+comment upon it had the question been raised by a critic less
+distinguished than Mr. Singer; or if I did not fancy that I perceive the
+origin of what I believe to be his mistake, in the misreading of another
+line, the last in his quotation.
+
+The hopelessness of Helena's love is cheerfully endured; she glories in
+it:
+
+      "I know I love in vain--strive against hope--
+      Yet still outpour the waters of my love,
+      And lack not to lose still."
+
+This last line Mr. Singer reads, "and fail not to lose still;" but
+surely _that_ is not Helena's meaning? She means that her spring of love
+is inexhaustible; that, notwithstanding the constant, hopeless waste,
+there lacks not (a supply) "to lose still!"
+
+Johnson was one of those commentators enumerated by Mr. Singer, of whom
+he observes, as a matter of surprise, "that none of them should have
+remarked that the sense of the Latin 'captiosus,' and of its congeners
+in Italian and French, is deceitful, fallacious;" "and," he adds, "Bacon
+uses the word for 'insidious,' 'ensnaring.'" But surely Johnson the
+commentator was no other than Johnson the lexicographer; and yet, for
+these precise definitions of "captious," which J. S. W. thinks "_too
+refined and recondite_" for Shakspeare's "small Latin," we need apply to
+no higher source than to that familiar household companion--_Johnson's
+Dictionary_, wherein is anticipated the citation of Bacon, and even of
+the French word "captieux."
+
+It could not therefore be from ignorance that Johnson failed to propose
+this recondite sense, but from a conviction that it would not represent
+the true meaning of Shakspeare.
+
+It will be perceived that, in appreciation of "captious," I side with
+Steevens, Malone, Knight, Collier, and even with J.S.W.; in whom,
+however, with his irreverent allusion to "_a man_ who had small Latin,"
+I can recognise no true worshipper of Shakspeare.
+
+Why should Shakspeare be constantly twitted with this "small Latin," as
+if the "_school-like gloss_" of a hundred Porsons could add one
+scintilla to the glory of his name? His was the universal language of
+nature; and well does Mr. Singer remark that "We all know, by intuition
+as it were, what Shakspeare meant." It is true that we discuss his mere
+words in the endeavour to school our understandings to HIS level; but
+he, hedged by the divinity of immeasurable genius, must, himself, be
+sacred;--to attempt to measure his attainments by our finite estimation,
+is indeed sacrilege!
+
+In retailing Ben Jonson's unluckily chosen expression, J.S.W. does not
+seem to be aware that it has been doubted, and ably doubted, by Mr.
+Knight, in his _History of Opinion_, that Jonson himself used it by any
+means in the pedagogue sense usually adopted. And it does seem scarcely
+credible that Jonson would give utterance to a puff so miserably
+threadbare, so absurd too on the very face of it; for in what possible
+way could an alleged deficiency of Greek and Latin _in Shakspeare_,
+affect a comparison, _made by Jonson_, between Shakspeare and the poets
+of Greece and Rome? As well might it be said that ignorance of the Greek
+language, in Napoleon Buonaparte, would prevent a parallel between him
+and Alexander the Great! What if Ben Jonson meant his fifth line to
+continue the supposition of the first?--"_though_" is a word which has a
+hypothetical, as well as an admissive meaning; and there is no
+difficulty in reading his lines in this way:
+
+  "_If_ I thought my judgment were of yours, and _though_ thy
+  learning were less; still I would not seek to compare thee with
+  modern men, but call forth thundering Eschylus," &c.
+
+But I should like to ask J. S. W., as the nearest example from the same
+play, which does he really think would require the _larger_ Latin,--to
+discover the trite and only meaning of "captiosus," or to use _triple_
+in the sense conferred upon it in Helena's description, to the King, of
+her father's legacy? We have not at present in the English language any
+equivalent for that word as Shakspeare used it, and of which he has left
+us another example in _Antony and Cleopatra_, where the triumvir is
+called "the triple pillar of the world." We have failed to take
+advantage of the lesson given us by our great master, and consequently
+our language is deprived of what would have been a most convenient
+acquisition.
+
+It is true that Johnson gives a definition of "triple," in reference to
+its application to Antony, viz., "consisting of three conjoined;" but
+that meaning, however it might be applicable to the triumvirate
+collectively, is certainly not so to the members individually. To meet
+Shakspeare's use of the word, the definition must be extended to
+"consisting of, _or belonging to_, three conjoined:" a sense in which
+"triplex" was undoubtedly used by the Latins. Ovid would call the
+triumvirate "viri triplices," and of course each one must be "vir
+triplex;" but perhaps the clearest instance of the triune application is
+where he addresses the Fates (in _Ibin._ 76.) as spinning out "triplici
+pollice" (with triple thumb) the allotted task. Now as only one of the
+sisters held the thread, there could be but one individual thumb engaged
+(although with a sort of reflective ownership to all three); and there
+can be no question that Ovid would apply the same term to the shears of
+Atropos, or the distaff of Clotho.
+
+Here, then, is a _really recondite_ meaning, fairly traced to
+Shakspeare's own reading; for had he borrowed it from any one else, some
+trace of it would be found, and Warburton need not have stultified
+himself by his sapient note--"IMPROPERLY USED FOR THIRD!"
+
+But to return to "captious," there is, after all, no such great
+difference whether it be one's goods, or one's wits, that are taken
+possession of; or whether the capture be effected by avidity or fraud;
+both meanings unite in our own word "caption:" and there seems no good
+reason why "captious" should not derive from "caption," as readily as
+"cautious" from "caution." It is for the antithesis I contend, as a key
+to the true sense intended by Shakspeare: the whole play is full of
+antitheses, uttered especially by Helena;--and certainly, if we
+recognise the allusion to the Danaides (as who will not?), we cannot,
+without depriving it of half its force and beauty, receive "captious" in
+the sense of "deceptious." The Danaides _were not_ deceived--the essence
+of their punishment was utter absence of hope; Tantalus _was_
+deceived--the essence of _his_ punishment was hope ever recurring.
+
+With respect to the suggestion of "capacious" by W.F.S. (p. 229.), he
+could not have read Mr. Singer's paper with attention, or he would have
+perceived that he had been anticipated by Farmer, who, by elision, had
+obviated the metrical objection of J.S.W. (p. 430.). But the meaning of
+"capacious" is "capable of containing," and, as such, it would be more
+than antithetical, it would be contradictory, to "intenible." If
+_capacious_ be consistent with _leaky_, then the "uxor secreti capax"
+must have been rather an unsafe confidante.
+
+    A. E. B.
+
+  Leeds, June 5. 1851.
+
+
+EARTH THROWN UPON THE COFFIN.
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 408.)
+
+The origin of this ceremony must undoubtedly be sought in man's natural
+desire to cover a dead body from the public view. The casting a handful
+of soil on the coffin is emblematic of the complete inhumation. The most
+ancient writings have allusions to the shamefulness of a corpse lying
+uninterred. Being thrown outside the walls of Jerusalem, with the burial
+of an ass (Jeremiah xxii. 19.), was regarded as the worst possible fate.
+
+Wheatly's observations upon this point, in his annotations on the burial
+service in the Prayer Book, are as follows:
+
+  "The casting earth upon the body was esteemed an act of piety by
+  the very heathens (AElian, _Var. Hist._, l. v. c. 14.), insomuch
+  that to find a body unburied, and leave it uncovered, was judged
+  amongst them a great crime (Hor. l. i. od. 28. v. 36.). In the
+  Greek Church this has been accounted so essential to the
+  solemnity, that it is ordered to be done by the priest himself
+  (Goar, _Eucholog. Offic. Exeq._, p. 538.); and the same was
+  enjoined by our own rubric in the first Common Prayer of King
+  Edward VI.: '_Then the priest casting earth upon the corpse_,' &c.
+  But in our present Liturgy (as altered in Queen Elizabeth's reign,
+  1559), it is only ordered that it '_shall be cast upon the body by
+  some standing by_:' and so it is generally left to one of the
+  bearers, or sexton, who, according to Horace's description
+  (_injecto ter pulvere_, vid. supra), gives three casts of earth
+  upon the body or coffin, whilst the priest pronounces the solemn
+  form which explains the ceremony, viz. '_earth to earth, ashes to
+  ashes, dust to dust._'"
+
+The note in Horace upon the three words above quoted is very much to the
+point:
+
+  "_In sacris hoc genus sepulturae tradebatur, ut si non obrueretur,
+  manu ter jacta terra, cadaveri pro sepultura esset._" (Vet.
+  Schol.)
+
+The ancients thought that the spirit of an unburied corpse could not
+reach the Elysian fields, but wandered disconsolate by the Styx, until
+some pious hand paid the customary funeral rites. See the case of
+Patroclus (_Iliad_, xxiii. 70, et seq.). To lay the unquiet ghost, a
+handful of earth on the bodily remains would suffice:
+
+      "_Pulveris exigui jactu compressa quiescent._"
+
+The indignity of a public execution is much aggravated by allowing the
+body of the criminal to remain exposed, as in the case of the five sons
+of Saul whose corpses were guarded by Rizpah (2 Sam. xxi.); and in our
+own recent custom of ordering pirates and the worst kind of murderers,
+to be gibbeted in chains, as a monumental warning.
+
+Three or four summers ago I buried an Irish reaper, who had suddenly
+died in the harvest-fields. About half a dozen fellow-labourers, Irish
+and Roman Catholics like himself, bore him to the grave. At the words
+_earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust_, they threw in handfuls
+of soil; and, as soon as the service was over, they filled up the grave
+with spades which they had brought for the purpose. No doubt, there was
+religious prejudice in all this; but their behaviour was most reverent,
+and what they did seemed to arise from the generous _instinct to cover
+the dead body_ of a comrade.
+
+    Alfred Gatty.
+
+_Wheatly on the Common Prayer_ (ch. xii. Sec.5.) derives this custom from
+the ancients, and adds that--
+
+  "In the Greek Church, the casting earth upon the body has been
+  accounted so essential to the solemnity, that it is ordered to be
+  done by the priest himself. And the same was enjoined by our own
+  rubric in the first Common Prayer of King Edward VI."
+
+For the Greek Church Wheatly refers to Goar _Rituale Graecorum_, p. 538.
+The passage, which I transcribe from Goar, runs as follows:--
+
+  "Et cadaver in monumento deponitur. Sacerdos vero terram batillo
+  tollens superinjecit cadaveri, dicens, 'Domini est terra et
+  plenitudo ejus: orbis terrarum et qui habitant in eo.' His
+  peractis cadaveri superinfundunt lampadis oleum, aut e thuribulo
+  cinerem. Atque ita ut moris est, sepulchrum operiunt dum dicuntur
+  moduli," &c.
+
+The following reference may also be added, Goar, 556., "Officium funeris
+monachorum," where the earth is directed to be thrown "in crucis modum."
+
+    N. E. R. (a Subscriber.)
+
+
+ON THE WORD "PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE."
+
+(Vol. iii., p. 401.)
+
+"The first folio," says Dr. Johnson, "has in both places _prenzie_, from
+which the other folios made _princely_, and every editor may make what
+he can." It will not be difficult, I conceive, to find out what sense
+Shakspeare meant to convey by this word, and to show that what he meant
+he has expressed with sufficient accuracy, though his meaning was soon
+after misunderstood. Our language owes much of its wealth of words to
+the talent which our great poet possessed for coining them--a talent
+which he exercised with marvelous tact: and if now and then some of them
+failed for want of being properly printed, we may rather wonder that so
+many obtained currency, than that a few ceased to circulate soon after
+they were first introduced.
+
+The idea intended to be conveyed by the word _prenzie_, is that which
+is expressed in the following passages:
+
+      "All this I speak _in print_; for _in print_ I found it."
+              _Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act II. Sc. I.
+
+             "I will do it, Sir, _in print_."
+                _Love's Labour's Lost_, Act III. Sc. I.
+
+on which Steevens remarks:
+
+   "_In print_ means _with Exactness_--with the _utmost Nicety_."
+
+He supports this meaning by quotations from other dramatic writers of
+the same age:
+
+  "Not a hair about his Bulk, but it stands _in print_." (1605)
+
+  "I am sure my husband is a Man _in print_, in all things else."
+  (1635.)
+
+When, therefore, Claudio, who, as your correspondent LEGES observes, is
+aware of Angelo's reputation for sanctity, exclaims in astonishment:
+
+      "The _prenzie_ Angelo?"
+
+he means the same as if he had said:
+
+      "What! that Man _in print_?"
+      "The _printsy_ Angelo?"
+
+But _prenzie_ is a term applied to _apparel_ as well us to _character_;
+and how does this accord with the interpretation here given?
+
+      "O 'tis the cunning livery of hell,
+      The damned'st body to invest and cover
+      In _prenzie_ guards!"
+
+Here again we are supplied by Steevens with apt quotations in
+illustration from other writers of the same age:
+
+      "Next, your Ruff must stand _in print_." (1602.)
+
+and
+
+      "This Doublet sits _in print_, my Lord!" (1612.)
+
+  "In _printsy_ guards" means the same, therefore, as "Guards _in
+  print_," or, _robes_ put on "with _exactness_--with the _utmost
+  nicety_."
+
+_Printsy_ is a word of the same formation with _tricksy_; and the
+phrase, "The _printsy_ Angelo!" is as good English as "My _tricksy_
+Ariel!" It was probably pronounced _prentsy_ (_prenzie_) in the time of
+Shakspeare; the word _print_ being derived from _empreinte_. Sir W.
+Scott speaks of "a _prent_ book," for a printed book. _Besprent_ is the
+participle of _besprinkle_. Of similar formation with _printsy_ and
+_tricksy_, are _linsy_, _woolsy_, and _frowsy_; but as all these
+adjectives, except the first, are derived from nouns representing
+natural or familiar things, while _printsy_ is founded on a word having
+no connexion with any obvious idea, it is probable that this difference
+may account for the fact that _printsy_ so early fell into disuse, while
+the rest were retained without difficulty.
+
+By the word _printsy_, those four conditions are fulfilled for which
+your correspondent so properly contends:--1. the word is "suitable to
+the reputed character of Angelo." 2. It is "an appropriate epithet to
+the word _guards_." 3. It supplies "the proper metre in both places." 4.
+It is "similar in appearance to the word _prenzie_."
+
+No other word has been produced which so fully represents the formality
+and hypocrisy of Angelo, as described in the quotations so conveniently
+brought into one view by your correspondent, though one of the epithets
+made use of comes very near the mark: "Lord Angelo is _precise_!"
+
+    JOHN TAYLOR.
+
+
+ZACHARIE BOYD.
+
+(Vol. i., pp. 298. 372. 406.)
+
+I would refer your correspondents H. B., H. I. (p. 372.), and
+PHILOBODIUS and MR. JERDAN (p. 406.), to the following volumes: _The
+Last Battle of the Soule in Death_, by Mr. Zacharie Boyd, Preacher of
+God's Word in Glasgow, edited by Gabriel Neil, Glasgow, 1831; McUre's
+_History of Glasgow, with Appendix_, Glasgow, 1830.
+
+As the first of these vols. is now very scarce (a limited number being
+printed by subscription), the following extracts may be interesting to
+some of your readers, and at the same time correct some errors of our
+correspondents:--
+
+  "Mr. Zacharie Boyd was descended from the family of the Boyds of
+  Pinkill (Carrick, Ayrshire). He was cousin to Mr. Robert Boyd, of
+  Trochrigg, who was appointed Principal of the University of
+  Glasgow in 1615. The date of his birth is not exactly known; some
+  time previous to 1590. He received his education at the school of
+  Kilmarnock. The first notice we have of him is in a letter to
+  Principal Boyd, from David Boyd, in 1605, wherein he says, '_There
+  is a friend of yours, Zacharie Boyd, who will pass his course at
+  the colledge within two years._' After having finished his course
+  at the University of Glasgow, he studied at the College of Saumur,
+  in France, under his relation, Robert Boyd: he returned to his
+  native county in 1621. In 1623 he was ordained Minister of the
+  Barony Parish of Glasgow, in which situation he continued till his
+  death in 1653-1654."
+
+Mr. Zacharie Boyd was never Principal or a Professor in Glasgow College:
+the only office he ever held in the college was that of Lord Rector (an
+honorary office annually elected), which he held in the years 1634,
+1635, 1645. He was a great benefactor to the college, to which he left
+20,000_l_. Scots, for buildings and bursaries.
+
+The crypt below Glasgow Cathedral, called St. Mungo's Crypt, was the
+barony church in Zacharie's time, and where he preached; it is this same
+place which Sir Walter Scott so well describes in _Rob Roy_ (vol. ii.
+chap. 3., edition in 48 vols.), where Francis Osbaldistone heard sermon.
+Z. Boyd was, both in prose and verse, a very voluminous writer; his
+works, however, are chiefly in MS. in the library of Glasgow College.
+
+In addition to editing _The Last Battle_, Mr. Neil has examined the
+"Poetical Works" in MS.; and has given a summary of the whole in the
+Appendix to the _Biographical Sketch_; and has printed for the first
+time upwards of 3000 lines from the poetical MSS.
+
+With regard to Mr. Boyd's poetry, the following account from Neil's
+_Biographical Sketch_ may be accounted satisfactory, with reference to
+the lines often quoted as from Zacharie Boyd's Bible:
+
+  "The work, however, which has given the greatest public notoriety
+  to his name as a poetical writer, is that generally called
+  'Zacharie Boyd's Bible,' said to be a metrical version of the
+  whole Scriptures--an arduous task indeed, if ever he contemplated
+  the undertaking. But such a book as this has existed only in name,
+  not in reality; _at least, it is nowhere to be found among his
+  works_. The only one approaching to it is a metrical version of
+  the 'Four Evangels,' which proceeds through the Gospels of the New
+  Testament by chapter and verse.... And, among other works, he
+  produced two volumes under the title of '_Zion's Flowers_,' _and
+  it is these_ which are usually shown as his Bible, and have
+  received that designation. These volumes consist of a collection
+  of Poems from select subjects in Scripture History, such as Jonah,
+  Jephtha, David and Goliath, &c., &c., rendered into the dramatic
+  form, in which various 'Speakers' are introduced, and where the
+  prominent parts of the Scripture narrative are brought forward and
+  amplified. We have a pretty close parallel to these in the
+  'Ancient Mysteries' of the thirteenth or fourteenth centuries, and
+  in the Sacred Dramas of more modern writers.
+
+  "It is from this work, _Zion's Flowers_, that the various
+  quotations which have occasioned so much mirth to the public are
+  said to have been made, _but not one of these which are in
+  circulation_ are to be found there: the only '_genuine extract_
+  from these MSS. is that printed by Pennant.'"--_Biog. Sketch_, p.
+  14. _et seq._
+
+The "genuine extract" will be found in Pennant's _Tour in Scotland_,
+vol. ii. p. 156.
+
+PHILOBODIUS, "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. i., p. 406., will find the four
+lines he quotes given differently there.
+
+    S. WMSON.
+
+P.S. To show the extent of Mr. Boyd's _poetical perseverance_, I subjoin
+a note of the contents of one of his poetical MSS.:--the _Flowers of
+Zion_, generally called Zacharie Boyd's Bible.
+
+      David and Goliath contains about            850 lines.
+      Historie of Jonah                          1130  "
+      ---- of Samson                             2100  "
+      ---- of Jephtha                             720  "
+      The Flood of Noah                           860  "
+      The Tower of Babylon                        930  "
+      The Destruction of Sodom                   2000  "
+      Abram commanded to sacrifice Isaac          840  "
+      Historie of the Baptist                     800  "
+      The Fall of Adam                            900  "
+      Abel murdered                               900  "
+      Pharaoh's Tyranny and Death                2480  "
+      Historie of Jacob and Esau                  750  "
+      ---- of Jacob and Laban                    1400  "
+      Jacob and Esau reconciled                   720  "
+      Dinah ravished by Shechem                   440  "
+      Joseph and his Brethren       }            1615  "
+      Joseph tempted to Adultery    }
+      Nebuchadnezzar's Fierie Furnace            3280  "
+
+Also at the end--
+
+      The World's Vanities (Divided into 8 Branches:--1st. Strength,
+      2nd. Honour, 3rd. Riches, 4th. Beautie, 5th. Pleasure, 6th.
+      Wisdom, 7th. Children, 8th. Long Life) contains about 550
+      lines.
+
+      The Popish Powder Plot (The Speakers--Christ--King
+      James--Elizabeth--Peeres of England--The Lords appointed to
+      trye the Traitors--The Earls of Nottingham, Suffolke, the Lord
+      Monteagle--The Sherriffe of Worcester--The Devill--the Jesuit
+      Gerrard--Robert Catesby--Thomas Percy, Guy Faux, &c. &c. &c.)
+      contains about 1560 lines.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Death, how symbolised_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--I beg to inform your
+correspondent S. T. D., that in an old 4to. volume in my possession,
+which treats principally of the topic about which he is inquiring, there
+are several engravings of Death as a skeleton. In one he is armed with a
+bow and arrow, an axe, and a scythe notched as a saw. In another he has
+an axe only: while in a third, in which he is announcing his dissolution
+to a man on his deathbed, he has a spade in his left hand, while with
+his right he points upwards; and on his head is a wreath of thorns with
+flowers standing up out of it. I do not know whether the book is a rare
+one or not. It is in black letter, and at the end is the date 1515. The
+title, which is a woodcut, rather curious, is--_Sermones Johannis
+Geilerii Keiserspergii, &c., &c._ There are also six other woodcuts,
+after the manner of Albert Durer, very quaint and curious. The volume is
+in its original vellum, over oak boards, finely tooled, and has once
+been bound at the corners and clasped with metal. In MS. on the top of
+the title are the words "Monast. S. Udalrici Aug'ae." Though in very good
+condition, the black-letter type is so curiously crabbed and abbreviated
+that I have not had time to do more than ascertain that it seems a very
+singular and a learned work.
+
+    H. C. H.
+
+  Rectory, Hereford, June 8. 1851.
+
+  [The author of the curious work in the possession of our
+  correspondent is John Geiler, called also Gayler, Keiserspergius,
+  an eminent Swiss divine, who was born in 1445, and died in 1510.
+  His works in German and Latin are books of rare occurrence, and
+  consist principally of Sermons. Oberlin published in 1786 a
+  curious life of Geiler. For the titles of his various works,
+  consult Panzer's _Annales Typographici_, vol. vi.]
+
+_Death_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--Has S. T. D. consulted the excellent
+treatise of Lessing, "Wie die Alten den Tod gebildet?" It is illustrated
+with many engravings. (See Lessing's _Saemmtliche Schriften_, 1839, vol.
+viii.)
+
+    C. P. PH***.
+
+  Oxford, Whit-Monday.
+
+_A Kemble Pipe_ (Vol. iii., p. 425.).--If DR. RIMBAULT will turn to vol.
+i., p. 10. of Campbell's _Life of Mrs. Siddons_, he will find that the
+Kemble of smoking notoriety alluded to in the proverb, met his fate at a
+date long subsequent to the Marian persecution. He was apprehended on a
+charge of implication in Titus Oates's plot, and executed at Hereford,
+August 2d, 1679, being one of the last persons who suffered death for
+their religious opinions in England. He was hung, not burnt, and his
+hand is still preserved in the Reliquary of the Roman Catholic Chapel at
+Worcester. "On his way to execution," says Mr. Campbell,
+
+  "He smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that
+  county it was long usual to call the last pipe that was smoked in
+  a social company, a Kemble's pipe."
+
+    SPERIEND.
+
+_Flemish Work on the Order of St. Franciscus_ (Vol. i., p. 385.).--Your
+correspondent JARLTZBERG may find a copy of the _Wyngaert_ in the
+library of the _Maatschappij van Letterkunde_ (Lit. Soc.) in Leyden, and
+may read an account of the work in vol. ii. pp. 151, 152. of the
+_Society's Transactions_. The copy in my possession is entitled _Den
+Wyngaert van Sinte Franciscus vol_ [not _van_] _schoone historien,
+legenden en deuchdelycke leeringhen allen menschen seer profytelyck_.
+Like most of the works issued from the press of Eckert van Hombach, it
+is well printed on good paper; the leaves (not the _pages_) are numbered
+up to 418, and besides there are six leaves without pagination for the
+index, as well as three for the prologue, in which we learn why the work
+was called _Wyngaert_. All the copies I have met with bear the date
+1518, though in Hultman's _Catalogue_, p. 20. No. 92., we find 1578,
+probably an error of the printer. In J. Koning's _Catalogue_, 1833, p.
+17. No. 59., we are referred to Bauer, _Bibl. libr. rar._, vol. iv. p.
+301.; and to the _Catalogue raisonne_ de Crevenna, vol. v. p. 85., where
+we read:
+
+  "Ce volume contient les vies des Saints de l'ordre de St.
+  Franciscus, precedees de celle de son instituteur, _et n'est point
+  une traduction_ du Livre des Conformites (_Liber Conformitatum_),
+  quoiqu'il est probable qu'on ait pris beaucoup de ce livre."
+
+Van Bleyswijk, in his _Description of Delft_, vol. i. p. 339., says,--
+
+  "The Franciscans bought up the work, in order to suppress and
+  destroy it: it is therefore no wonder that copies of it are
+  scarce."
+
+Unless you read it, says Professor Ackersdijck, in his _Archief voor
+Kerk. Gesch._, you will hardly conceive it possible for any one to write
+such a mass of folly and absurdity.
+
+    V. D. N.
+
+  NAVORSCHER, p. 179. June, 1851.
+
+_Meaning of Tick_ (Vol. iii., p. 357.).--The following anecdote, as
+characteristic of the individual as illustrative of the above Query, may
+perhaps be considered deserving a corner in your Journal:--
+
+  "A well-meaning friend calling one morning on Richard B. Sheridan,
+  wound up a rather prosy exordium on the propriety of domestic
+  economy, by expressing a hope, that the pressure of some
+  difficulties from which he had been temporarily removed, would
+  induce a more cautious arrangement in future.
+
+  "Sheridan listened with great gravity, and thanking his visitor,
+  assured him that he never felt so happy, as all his affairs were
+  now proceeding with the _regularity of clockwork_, adding (with a
+  roguish twinkle of the eye, and giving his arm the oscillating
+  motion of a pendulum), 'Tick, tick, tick!' It is needless to add,
+  the Mentor took a hasty leave of his witty but incorrigible
+  companion."
+
+    M. W. B.
+
+_Spelling of Britannia, &c._ (Vol. iii., pp. 275. 463.).--I believe that
+there is no mistake as supposed in the inscription on the Geo. III.
+shilling. The double "T" is expressive of the plural "Britt." for
+"Britanniarum". Have we not many similar instances, _e. g._ "codd." for
+"codices," "libb." for "libri;" or, one of every-day occurrence, "pp."
+for "pages?"
+
+    W. M. N.
+
+_Fossil Elk of Ireland_ (Vol. ii., p. 494.; Vol. iii., pp. 26. 121.
+212.).--W. R. C. (a Subscriber) will find some very interesting accounts
+of this creature in Boate and Molyneux's _Natural History of Ireland_,
+p. 137.; and in an excellent paper by Dr. Cane, in the _Transactions of
+the Kilkenny Archaeological Society for the Year 1850_, where several
+works containing accounts of the animal are referred to. An interesting
+memoir by Dr. Hibbert on the discovery of the _Megaceros Hibernicus_, or
+fossil elk, in the Isle of Man, will be found in the fifth number of the
+_Edinburgh Journal of Science_, published in 1826.[1]
+
+  [Footnote 1: _Errata._--Query, should not the word "Rochenon," in
+  Vol. i., p. 380. col. 1., be "Rosbercon?" and should not "D. H.
+  MCarthy," in Vol. ii., p. 348. col. 1., be "D. F. MCarthy"
+  (Denis Florence MCarthy)? Such errors, however trifling they may
+  now appear, may hereafter confuse.]
+
+    R. H.
+
+_"In Time the Bull," &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 388.).--The quotation--
+
+      "In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke,"
+
+seems to be from Ovid, _Tristia_, iv. 6. 1.:
+
+      "Tempore ruricolae patiens fit taurus aratri;"
+
+or _Ar. Am._ i. 471.:
+
+      "Tempore difficiles veniunt ad aratra juvenci."
+
+    P. J. F. G.
+
+  Cambridge, May 22. 1851.
+
+  [N. B., E. C. H., and several other correspondents, have furnished
+  similar references to Ovid.]
+
+_Baldrock_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 435.).--MR. CHADWICK'S quotations on
+this word are very opportune, and useful by way of illustration, and for
+elucidating the meaning of the word.
+
+I will endeavour to explain this part of bell gear, and the purpose for
+which it was used.
+
+_Baldrock_ (_sic_) is probably the patois of a locality for _bawdrick_,
+which means a belt, or the leather strap and other appurtenances of the
+upper part of the clapper, by which it was suspended from the crown
+staple. In old _black-letter_ bells (if one may use the term) the upper
+part of the clapper was shaped like a stirrup, through which a strap of
+stout leather, often doubled, was passed; but between this and the
+staple a piece of hard wood of like width was inserted, and fitted to
+work on the round part of the crown staple. Through this leather and
+wood an iron pin was passed; and all was fastened together, and kept
+stiff in place, by a curiously cut piece of tough wood, called a
+_busk-board_, one end of which was tied round the stem of the clapper. I
+have seen many such. There was one at Swanswich next Bath: but without a
+sketch it is difficult to explain. I will enclose a sketch, to be used
+at the Editor's discretion.
+
+A few years ago, I made the following extracts from the very interesting
+accounts of the churchwardens (guardians) of St. Edmund's, Sarum. I have
+no doubt that similar entries may be found in all such old accounts, and
+I hope these may induce other gentlemen to inquire for them.
+Unfortunately I did not copy the _sums_ paid.
+
+   "1591. Layd out for a Bawdrope for the Great Bell, 5_s._
+
+   For grafting of Bawdropes & finding Leather.
+
+   Making of a '_pinn_' for the fourth Bell Bawdrope.
+
+   1588. Paide for Lether to mend the Bawdricke.
+
+   1572. Payd for a Bald Rybbe for the fourth Bell. (It occurs again
+   for other bells.)
+
+   1552. Mendinge off the Bawdrycke off the greatt Bell.
+
+   1541. Payd for mendynge the wheles of the 3 Bells, and for
+   Bawdrykes.
+
+   1524. Bawdderyke to the v. Bell.
+
+   1495. [Pro] emendacione rote ejusdem Campane et [pro] Bawdryke
+   ejusdem Campane.
+
+   1482. [Pro] tribus Bawdrykys.
+
+   1473. Bawdryke bought for the iiij Belle.
+
+   1469. Bawderyke.
+
+   Whyt Lethyr for the Bawdryke in the years of Ed. VI."
+
+    H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+In a decree of the Court of Chancery of the year 1583 is the following
+passage:
+
+  "It is alleged that a certain close ... in the parish of Smarden,
+  in the County of Kent, now called and known by the name of
+  Ropefield, was, long time sithence, given by one John of Hampden,
+  to and for the maintenance and finding of ropes, _bawdricks_, oil,
+  and leather, for the use of ringing of the bells in the steeple of
+  the said parish church of Smarden, &c., &c." James _v._ Woolton, 6
+  May, 1583. (_Reg. Lib._ B. 1582. fo. 502.)
+
+Not understanding the word "bawdrick," I applied to Messrs. Mears,
+bell-founders, Whitechapel, who kindly gave me the following
+information:
+
+  "The bawdrick is the head of the clapper, or the coupling by which
+  it hangs on the staple inserted in the crown of the bell. It is
+  fitted on to the head of the clapper, and a lining of leather is
+  inserted to prevent the creaking of the iron, when the end of the
+  clapper is oscillating. Hence, no doubt, the introduction of
+  'leather' in the document referred to. The word is still in use."
+
+    CECIL MONRO.
+
+  Registrar's Office, Court of Chancery, June 14. 1851.
+
+The baldrick was a leather thong, or strap, fastened with a buckle, for
+the purpose of suspending the clapper inside the bell, both of which had
+loops or eyes to receive it; from its continual wear, new baldricks were
+often required. I subjoin a few extracts from the parish accounts of St.
+Antlins, or St. Anthony, Budge Row, relating thereto.
+
+  1590. "Paide the smythe for making a new clapper for the great
+  bell, x_s._
+
+  "Paide for a _bawdrick_ for the great bell, ii_s._ vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _buckell_ for the same, vi_d._
+
+  "Paide for a _baldrick_ for the fift bell, i_s._ viii_d._
+
+  1594. "Paide for a new _bawdricke_ for one of the bells the
+  Crownacion daie, ii_s._
+
+  1578. "Paide for an _eie_ for the great bell clapper, vi_s._
+
+  "Item for a rope for the morning bell, ij_s._ vi_d._"
+
+I could adduce several other instances if required, but these may
+suffice.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Catalogue of Norman Nobility_ (Vol. iii., p. 266.).--Your correspondent
+Q. G. asked some weeks ago where the catalogue of Norman nobility before
+the Conquest was to be found? In the _Historiae Normannorum_, published
+in Paris in 1619, at p. 1127., he will find the
+
+  "Catalogus nobilium qui immediate praedia a Rege conquaestore
+  tenuerunt."
+
+In this list occurs the name of Geri (Rogerius) de Loges, whose lordship
+was in the district of Coutances. At p. 1039. of the same work, we find
+that Guarinus de Logis was feudal lord of certain domains in the
+bailiwick of Falaise. In a roll of all the Norman nobles, knights, and
+esquires who went to the conquest of Jerusalem with Robert Duke of
+Normandy in the first crusade, and copied from an ancient MS. written on
+vellum, found in the library of the cathedral of Bayeux, entitled "Les
+anciennes histoires d'outremer," we also find the name of John de
+Logis, who bore az. a cinque foile ar.
+
+I think, therefore, that M. J. T. (p. 189.) is in error in confounding
+the family of Ordardus de Logis with that of the Baron of Hugh Lupus.
+The names of the Norman nobles were territorial; and it is probable that
+these worthies were not related, as the names were spelt differently.
+According to the Doomsday Survey, Gunuld, the widow of Geri de Loges,
+held the manor of Guiting Power in Gloucestershire.
+
+The elder line of Ordardus de Logis, Baron of Wigton, terminated in an
+heiress, who carried the estate into the family of Lucy (I think in the
+reign of Edward III.), Adam, the seventh and last baron, having died
+without male issue; and it afterwards became the property, by marriage,
+of the ancestor of the present Earl of Carlisle. The descendants of
+Ordardus are still to be found in the remote valleys of the north of
+Yorkshire, and in parts of Durham: and I have been told that the Rev.
+John Lodge, late Fellow of Magdalen College, Cambridge, claimed to be of
+this family.
+
+    S.
+
+  Oxford, June 13. 1851.
+
+_Epitaph_ (Vol. iii., pp. 242. 339.).--I have before me a 24mo. tract of
+forty-seven pages:
+
+  "Nicolai Barnaudi a Crista Arnaudi Delphinatis, Philosophi et
+  Medici, Commentariolum in AEnigmaticum quoddam epitaphium Bononiae
+  studiorum, ante multa secula marmoreo lapidi insculptum. Huic
+  additi sunt Processus Chaemici non pauci. Nihil sine Numine,
+  Lugduni, Batavorum, [CI*C.I*C.III*C.]"
+
+The first thirty pages are devoted to the epitaph on AElia Laelia Crispus.
+We are told:--
+
+  "Nec defuerunt alii, qui, ut audio, Animam hominis, alii nubium
+  Aquam, alii, ut hic intellexi a viro de litteris bene merito,
+  Eunuchum quemdam, alii alia varia, hoc epitaphio tractari
+  phantasmata suis scriptis contenderunt. Haec ego cum intellexissem,
+  eorum misertus, qui abditioris philosophiae in castris militant,
+  operae pretium facturum me existimavi, si trismegisticum hoc
+  epitaphium eis aperire conarer."
+
+This he proceeds to do very satisfactorily, as the following specimen
+will show:--
+
+  "AELIA. Solaris, dubio procul, ut nomen indicat, sive solis filia,
+  immo substantia, essentia, radius, virtus, et illa quidem
+  invisibilis solis nostri, ne quis eam a sole vulgi natam, perperam
+  cogitet; neque tamen desunt, qui eam ex Urani et Vestae filio,
+  Saturno, et Ope ejus sorore, a qua cum plures Saturnus suscepisset
+  liberos, eosque vorasset, et e vestigio evomuisset, Jupiter
+  servatus, ejusque loco lapis Saturno presentatus fuit, ac si cum
+  peperisset Opis, ab ipsis inquam, eam natam esse cogitent; at
+  quidquid sit, AELIA, seu solaris est, neque tamen (tanta est ejus
+  amplitudo), astro illo, mundi oculo amicta incedit; sed et altero,
+  minore luminari, Luna, quae sub pedibus ejus est comitata, ideo
+  etiam dicitur LAELIA, quasi solis amica, etc., etc."
+
+On a fly-leaf I find the following written by an unknown hand:
+
+  "Commentarios in hoc epitaphium scripserunt Joannes Trevius
+  Brugensis, et Richardus vitus Basinstochius, jurisconsultus Anglus
+  cujus liber editus Durdrecti apud J. van Leonem Berawoul, Anno
+  1618. Vid. et de hoc enigmate Boxhorn."
+
+If MR. CROSSLEY does not make this note wholly superfluous, make use of
+it as you please.
+
+    J. S.
+
+  Woudenberg, May 12. 1851.
+
+_Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iii., p. 369.).--The following
+version of this prayer, differing from that given by MR. FALCONER, may
+be interesting.
+
+In Archdeacon Bonney's _Historic Notices in reference to Fotheringay_,
+p. 109., this note occurs:
+
+  "Seward asserts that the following lines were repeated by the
+  Queen of Scots immediately before her execution. They are set to
+  music by the late Dr. Harrington, of Bath, and other musicians.
+
+      "'O Domine Deus, speravi in Te!
+      O chare mi Jesus, nunc libera me!
+      In dura catena, in misera poena, desidero Te;
+      Languendo, gemendo, et genuflectendo,
+      Adoro, imploro, ut liberes me.'
+
+   TRANSLATION.
+
+      'O Lord my God, I have relied in Thee!
+      Now, O dear Jesu, set me, set me free!
+      In chains, in pains, long have I wished for Thee;
+      Faint, and with groans, I, bowing on my knee,
+      Adore, implore Thee, Lord, to set me free.'"
+
+I may add, that the Latin lines have recently been very beautifully set
+to music by that eminent composer, Mrs. Kingston.
+
+    W. G. M.
+
+Your correspondent on the subject of the lines said to have been
+repeated by Mary Queen of Scots on the scaffold, furnishes a translation
+of them in lieu of others, which he condemns; and his version has
+provoked me to try my hand at one, in which I have studied rhythm more
+than rhyme: the rhythm and the intensity of the ordinal.
+
+      "Great God, I have trusted
+        In peril on Thee!
+      Dear Jesus, Redeemer,
+        Deliver thou me!
+      In my prison-house groaning,
+        I long but for Thee;
+      Languishing, moaning,
+        Bow'd down on bent knee,
+      I adore Thee, implore Thee,
+        From my sins set me free."
+
+    ALAN.
+
+_Aristophanes on the Modern Stage_ (Vol. iii., pp. 105. 250.).--Finding
+that no correspondent of yours, in answer to a Query which appeared some
+time back, viz.: "Whether any play of Aristophanes had ever been adapted
+to the modern stage," has yet mentioned the only two instances of which
+I am aware, I beg to refer the Querist to the _Plaideurs_ of Racine (an
+adaptation of the _Wasps_), and to a very ingenious modernisation of the
+_Birds_ by Mr. Planche, produced about four years since at the Haymarket
+as an Easter piece, under its original title.
+
+I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of protesting, under your
+justly powerful auspices, against the use of the word "Exposition" in
+its French sense of _Exhibition_, now creeping into places where it
+could scarcely have been expected.
+
+    AVENA.
+
+_The White Rose_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--The version which I have of the
+beautiful lines quoted by your correspondent is (I quote from memory):
+
+      "If this fair rose offend thy sight
+        It on thy bosom wear,
+      'Twill blush to find itself less white,
+        And turn Lancastrian there."
+
+The succeeding couplet has equal merit:
+
+      "But if thy ruby lip it spy
+        As kiss it thou mayst deign,
+      With envy pale 'twill lose its dye,
+        And Yorkist turn again."
+
+    C. I. R.
+
+The origin of the blush imparted to the rose is most beautifully
+described by Carey:
+
+      "As erst in Eden's blissful bowers
+      Young Eve surveyed her countless flowers,
+      An opening rose of poorest white
+      She marked with eye that beamed delight;
+      Its leaves she kissed, and straight it drew
+      From Beauty's lip the vermeil hue."
+
+    J. A. DOUGLAS.
+
+_Mark for a Dollar_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The origin of the sign of the
+dollar, concerning which T. C. inquires, is, I believe, a contraction of
+_scutum_, the same as _L_, formerly written _Li_, is of _libra_. The
+strokes through the S are merely the signs of contraction.
+
+    K. P. D. E.
+
+_Gillingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 448.).--In a foot-note to Rapin (2nd edit.,
+vol. i. p. 130.), the general assembly convened by Earl Goodwin, at
+which Edward the Confessor was chosen king, is stated, upon the same
+authority as Hutchins has referred to (viz. Malmsbury), to have been
+"Gilingeham _or_ London." If at Gillingham, there can be but little
+doubt it was Gillingham near Chatham, of which latter place Goodwin is
+stated to have been then possessed.
+
+    J. B. COLMAN.
+
+  Eye, June 10, 1851.
+
+The share that Earl Godwin bore in the establishment of King Edward (the
+Confessor) on the throne of England seems to make it probable that
+Gillingham in Kent, not the Gillingham in Dorsetshire, was the scene of
+the council referred to by your correspondent
+
+    QUIDAM.
+
+Edward, observe, was coming from the continent, and relied entirely on
+the support of the great East Kentish Earl. Milton names the council in
+his History of England, _Works_, vol. vi. p. 275., Pickering, ed. 1831.
+He seems to be still quoting Malmsbury.
+
+    E. J. E.
+
+  Blackheath, June 9. 1851.
+
+_On the Lay of the Last Minstrel, &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 364.).--In reading
+A Borderer's interesting note on _The Lay of the Last Minstrel_, it
+occurred to me, whether there may not have been (perhaps unconsciously)
+in Walter Scott's mind a link of connexion betwixt his own "elvish
+page," as an agent in bringing about the nuptials of Lord Cranstoun with
+the Lady Margaret; and the part played by Cupid, in regard to Dido,
+after he had been transformed into Ascanius, as described in the first
+AEneid. Indeed the beautiful "Song of Robin Goodfellow" (Vol. iii., p.
+403) suggests a similar speculation; for in the gambols of Puck there is
+something analogous to the freaks of Cupid after his metamorphose. But
+other and closer parallels will probably occur to your learned readers,
+and show that some of what are commonly esteemed the most original
+modern creations owe much to classical invention.
+
+    ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Lines on Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find the lines he
+asks about, given (but without comment) in Knight's _Cyclopaedia of
+London_, p. 440.
+
+    P. M. M.
+
+J. S. will find the lines he has sent you printed in Hone's _Year Book_
+(1832), p 113.; where may be also seen the following
+
+      ANSWER.
+
+      "Deluded men, these holds forego,
+        Nor trust such cunning elves;
+      These artful emblems tend to show
+        Their clients, not themselves.
+
+      'Tis all a trick, these are but shams,
+        By which they mean to cheat you;
+      For have a care, you are the LAMBS,
+        And they the wolves that eat you.
+
+      Nor let the thought of no 'delay'
+        To these their courts misguide you;
+      You are the showy HORSE, and they
+        Are jockeys that will ride you."
+
+Hone does not give a hint as who was the author of either, nor can I
+inform J. S.
+
+    EDWARD FOSS.
+
+[The REV. MACKENZIE WALCOTT has also kindly informed us that the
+original lines and the rejoinder are to be found in Brayley's
+_Londiniana_, vol. iv. pp. 216-7.]
+
+_Sewell, Meaning of_ (Vol. iii., pp. 391. 482.).--H. C. K. makes an
+error in supposing that "formido," as used by Virgil in the passage
+quoted, and "sewell," are convertible terms. If there is any word in
+that passage which could be considered coextensive in meaning with the
+word "sewell," it would undoubtedly be "penna." Nor is "sewell" a
+_modern_ term, as he supposes; in proof of which I add an extract from a
+letter written by Dr. Layton, one of the commissioners for the
+suppression of monasteries, to Thomas Cromwell, dated 1535, in which the
+word "sewel" occurs:
+
+  "We have sett Dunce (Duns Scotus) in Bocardo, and have utterly
+  banisshede hym Oxforde for ever, with all his blinde glosses, and
+  is nowe made a comon servant to evere man, faste nailede up upon
+  postes in all comon houses of easement: _id quod oculis meis
+  vidi_. And the second tyme we came to New Colege, affter we hade
+  declarede your injunctions, we fownde all the gret quadrant court
+  full of the leiffes of Dunce, the wynde blowing them into evere
+  corner. And there we fownde one Mr. Grenefelde, a gentilman of
+  Buckinghamshire, getheryng up part of the said bowke leiffes (as
+  he saide) therewith to make hym _sewelles_ or _blawnsherres_ to
+  kepe the dere within the woode, thereby to have the better cry
+  with his howndes."
+
+H. C. K. wishes to know the origin of the word "sewell." Can any of your
+readers explain the derivation of the term "blawnsherres?" Can it be
+connected with the French _blanche_, from white parchment, &c. having
+been used in making them?
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Lambert Simnel_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--Though I cannot throw any light
+upon the question of T., _Was this his real name?_ I may mention, as a
+Worcestershire man, that it is a custom among the pastrycooks of
+Worcester to make, at the beginning of Lent, a rich sort of cake;
+consisting of a thick crust of saffron-bread filled with currants,
+citron, and all the usual ingredients of wedding-cake, which is called a
+"simnel." I cannot say how long this custom has existed, but I have
+every reason to believe it is one of great antiquity. From Johnson's
+explanation of the term, I conclude, that this practice of making
+"simnels" must in former times have been more general than it is at
+present.
+
+    E. A. H. L.
+
+_Tennyson's "In Memoriam"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 142. 227. 458.).--I submit
+that the "crimson-circled star" may be named without calling on the poet
+to explain.
+
+The planet Venus, when she is to the east of the sun, is our _evening
+star_ (and as such used to be termed Hesperus by the ancients).
+
+The evening star in a summer twilight is seen surrounded with the glow
+of sunset, "crimson-circled." The rose, too, was a flower sacred to
+Venus, which might justify the epithet. But I suppose the blush of the
+sky was what the poet thought of at such a moment.
+
+Venus sinking into the sea, which in setting she would appear to
+do,--falls into the _grave of Uranus_,--her father, according to the
+theory of Hesiod (190). The part cast into the sea, from which Aphrodite
+sprung, is here taken, by a becoming license (which softens the
+grossness of the old tradition), for the whole; so that the ocean,
+beneath the horizon of which the evening star sinks, may be well
+described by the poet as "_her_ father's grave."
+
+That Venus is meant, the gender of the pronoun relating to the star
+seems to prove beyond a doubt; there being no other sufficiently
+important to occur in a picture of this kind, to which a female name is
+given.
+
+    V.
+
+  Belgravia, June 12. 1851.
+
+_The second King of Nineveh who burned his Palace_ (Vol. iii., p.
+408).--D. X. will find all that is known of this king in the Armenian
+version of Eusebius's _Chronicle_, 53., and in the _Chronographia_ of
+Georgius, Syncellus (and subsequently Patriarch) of Constantinople, p.
+210. B. The former gives as his authority Abydenus, and the latter
+Polyhistor. Both passages will be found in Cory's _Ancient Fragments_.
+The Median king is called in both Astyages, and not Cyaxares; but the
+date of the catastrophe being fixed by Ptolemy's Canon in 625 B. C., the
+reviewer, I suppose, considered himself justified in altering the name
+to that of the king who appears from Herodotus to have governed Media at
+that date.
+
+    E. H. D. D.
+
+_Legend in Frettenham Church_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--Your correspondent
+C. J. E. may find some account of the legend illustrated on the walls of
+Frettenham Church in the _Calendar of the Anglo-Catholic Church_, from
+which it appears that St. Eligius, Eloy, or Loye, is the hero of the
+incident. He was the patron of blacksmiths, farriers, &c.; and
+accomplished, on one occasion, the shoeing of a refractory horse by
+amputating the leg; and the operation performed, he replaced the severed
+member. Doubtless, as C. J. E. suggests, the shoeing might have been
+effected without so much periphrasis; but perhaps the saint intended to
+teach the animal docility, and inspire the spectators with a more
+palpable proof of his supernatural powers, than the performance of the
+operation by his mere _ipse dixit_ would have afforded. The church of
+Durweston, Dorsetshire, is named in his honour, and a rude sculpture
+over the doorway commemorates the incident.
+
+    C. A.
+
+_Natural Daughter of James II._ (Vol. iii., pp. 224. 249. 280.).--When
+the answer of C. to my inquiry first appeared, I doubted whether after
+such strong reproof I ought again to address you; but as your valuable
+paper was intended for the ignorant as well as for the learned, and as
+C. (Vol. iii., p. 334.) places your respected correspondent MR. DAWSON
+TURNER in the same class as my humble self, I no longer hesitate.
+
+When I proposed the Query, I had no ready access to any book which
+would easily give me the required information, and it did not appear to
+me to be any great sin in making use of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for what I
+conceive is its legitimate object, the communication of knowledge; and I
+do not think the space my Query occupied was wasted when it called forth
+the interesting reply of P. C. S. S.
+
+I would now take the liberty of asking C. to explain the following
+extract from _Souverains du Monde_, not finding any particulars
+respecting the first marriage here alluded to in those books to which I
+have been able to refer:--
+
+  "Les enfans naturals du Roi Jaques II. sont 1.... 2.... 3....
+
+  "4. Catherine Darnley, mariee en premieres noces avec Thomas
+  Wentworth, Baron de Raby; et en secondes noces, en 1699, avec
+  James, Comte d'Anglesey. Elle est morte en 1700. Sa mere etoit
+  Catherine Sedley, Comtesse de Dorchester, Baronne d'Arlington.
+
+  "5. N. mariee avec le Duc de Buckingham le 27 Mars, 1706."
+
+You will observe that my former inquiry referred to the daughter above
+stated as the fifth child.
+
+It is plain that the compiler of _Les Souverains du Monde_ is in error
+in making the wife of the Earl of Anglesey a distinct person from the
+wife of the Duke of Buckingham.
+
+Who was the wife to the Thomas Wentworth here mentioned? and, if a
+natural daughter of James II., I should be glad of the following
+particulars,--the names of her mother and self--the dates of her birth,
+marriage, and death--and the date of the death of her husband.
+
+I must apologise for trespassing thus at length upon your space.
+
+    F. B. RELTON.
+
+_Clarkson's Richmond_ (Vol. iii., p. 372.).--The late Mr. Clarkson's
+manuscripts were transferred to his son, the Rev. Christ. Clarkson;
+whose address might probably be obtained by Q. D. from J. B. Simpson,
+Esq., Richmond, Yorkshire.
+
+    M.
+
+_MSS. of Sir Thomas Phillipps_ (Vol. iii., p. 358.).--I see that in the
+"Notices to Correspondents," in No. 79., for May 3, you inform W. P. A.
+that the _Catalogue of Sir Thomas Phillipps's MSS._ is privately
+printed, and that there are copies at the Bodleian, Athenaeum, and
+Society of Antiquaries.
+
+You may perhaps be interested to know that a catalogue of about three
+thousand of the Middlehill MSS. is to be found in a work entitled
+_Catalogi Librorum MSSorum qui in Bibliothecis Galliae, Hiberniae,
+Helvetiae, Belgiae, Britanniae Magnae, Hispaniae, Lusitaniae asservantur: a
+Gustavo Haenel_: Lipsiae, 1830. A copy of this important work is in the
+reading-room of the British Museum.
+
+I may add that a copy of the privately printed _Catalogue of Sir T.
+Phillipps's MSS._ is now to be found in the British Museum, but it has
+only recently (within the last few months) made its way into the
+Catalogue.
+
+    C. W. GOODWIN.
+
+_Meaning of Pilcher_ (Vol. iii., p. 476.).--Is not our excellent
+correspondent MR. SINGER mistaken in supposing that the ears are the
+ears of the scabbard or pitcher? If you draw one thing out of another by
+the ears, it must be by the ears of the first, not of the second; yet he
+also says that it is used for hilts.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Antiquity of Smoking_ (Vol. iii., p. 484.).--May I add, in my defence
+as to the Thracians' smoking, that all I said was, that there was
+nothing in Solinus, chap. 15. I had looked at the Bipont edition, in
+which, as I now see, the passage is in chapter 10.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Principle of Association_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--I cannot but doubt
+whether "La partie reelle de la metaphysique" means "all that has yet
+been done in the philosophy of the human mind." I apprehend it means the
+material, or physical part; that which is connected with the structure
+of the body. This would apply to Hartley, though not to Mr. Gay: but I
+speak in the dark, for I have not that edition of La Place which your
+correspondent refers to.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Corpse makes a Right of Way_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--That a funeral
+creates a right of way, is an error founded on the fact that, being a
+remarkable, and sometimes a crowded event, it is not an unfrequent
+evidence of the previous existence of a right of way.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Chloe_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--In reply to a Query in one of your late
+numbers respecting the meaning of the expression "as drunk as Chloe," it
+has been suggested to me that it refers to a lady who is mentioned
+often in Prior's _Poems_, and who was celebrated for the propensity
+alluded to.
+
+    ERYX.
+
+_Family of Sir J. Banks_ (Vol. iii., p. 390.).--It appears, on a
+reference to Burke's _Commoners_, that the ancestors of Sir J. Banks
+were possessed of property in and about Keswick; and the present
+representative of the family possesses black-lead mines in Borrowdale,
+Cumberland. It is, therefore, very probable that the Mr. John Banks in
+question may have been of the same family, though not a lineal
+descendant of Sir J. Banks.
+
+    L. H.
+
+_Verse Lyon_ (Vol. iii., p. 466.).--In the literal reprint of Puttenham,
+1811, I find the words extracted by J. F. M., with one unimportant
+exception, "And they _called_ it _Verse Lyon_." J. F. M. may find some
+account of Leonine verses, which "are properly the Roman hexameters and
+pentameters rhymed," in Price's edition of Warton's _History of English
+Poetry_, vol. i. p. cxviii.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Heronsewes_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--A probable derivation is given in
+Tyrwhitt's note on the passage in the _Squire's Tale_ from the French
+_heronceaux_, which would probably, in English usage, become either
+_heronsewes_, or _heronshaws_. It is of course a diminutive, like
+"lioncel," "pennoncel," &c.
+
+    H. G. T.
+
+_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., p. 331.).--Who first taught
+that the form of the earth was that of a sphere? In Isaiah xl. 22.
+appears the following passage:
+
+  He that sitteth upon the CIRCLE of the _earth_ and the inhabitants
+  thereof," &c.
+
+Does not this extract prove that the Jews, as a people, were acquainted
+with the spherical form of the earth in Isaiah's time; the prophets
+usually addressing the people in popular language.
+
+    C. N. S.
+
+_Mythology of the Stars_ (Vol. iii., pp. 70. 155.).--In the replies to
+correspondents on the above head, I have not seen noticed Dr. Lamb's
+translation of the old Greek poet Aratus, a work which, for a few
+shillings, would satisfy most persons on the subject, and be found
+entertaining in giving instruction.
+
+    T. M.
+
+_Topical Memory_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--On topical memory I can refer
+your inquirer to _Cicero de Oratore_, book ii. lxxxvi., lxxxvii.,
+Sec.351-358., and _Ad Herenn._ iii. xvi.-xx., and _Quintil._ xi. ii. 2., p.
+431. Rollin, ed. 1758.
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_Eisell_ (Vol. iii., p. 397.).--The following illustration of this word
+occurs in a MS. (Dd. i. fol. 7.) belonging to the University of
+Cambridge. The date is about 1350:
+
+      "�e iewis herde �is word wel alle,
+      And anon _eysel_ �ei mengid wi� galle."
+
+It is here manifestly = _vinegar_.
+
+    C. H.
+
+_Eisell._--I have long been convinced that the true interpretation of
+this word might be attained by a reference to the Welsh language; in
+which may be found the word _Aesell_ (_idem sonans_ with _Eisell_),
+implying verjuice, or vinegar. The two words are clearly identical (see
+page 377.).
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Four Want Way_ (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 434.).--A cross road, or that point
+where four roads meet, is frequently called by the peasantry in Kent
+"the four vents" in other counties, "the four wents," "the four want
+way," &c. I have always considered the word as being derived from the
+ancient VENTA: thus VENTA _Icenorum_ (Caister, near Norwich), the
+highway of the Iceni; VENTA _Silurum_ (Caerwent, in Monmouthshire), the
+highway of the Silures; VENTA _Belgarum_ (Winchester), the highway of
+the Belgae; both of which last-named cities retain in some degree the
+ancient appellation.
+
+    W. CHAFFERS, Jun.
+
+_Meaning of Carfoix_ (Vol. iii., p. 469.).--Will your correspondent K.
+TH. give, if he can, an account of the word "carfoix?" Is it not the
+French _carrefour_, a name applied to more than one place in Guernsey,
+though not, I believe, necessarily to a spot where four ways meet? The
+chief carrefour there is at the junction of the Pollet, High Street and
+Smith Street; another is in the country, the _Carrefour aux Lievres_,
+the precise locality of which I cannot quite recall. MR. METIVIER, whose
+name I am glad to see in your pages, can tell, I dare say, of others. I
+suppose the derivation to be in _Quatuor fores_, or some French
+derivative from those words. "Carfoix" reminds me of "Carfax" in Oxford.
+Are the names akin to each other?
+
+    E. J. S.
+
+_A regular Mull_ (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--The story of King Mul is perhaps
+rather far-fetched. If it would neither put your correspondent in a
+_stew_, nor get myself into a _broil_, nor you into a _mess_ or a
+_pickle_, I would settle his _hash_ by suggesting that terms of cookery
+are frequently used as descriptive of disagreeable predicaments; and
+that though in our time nothing except beer or wine is _mulled_, yet it
+may not always have been so. Or may not the word be a corruption of
+_muddle_? I stand up for neither, but I will back either against King
+Mul.
+
+    M.
+
+_William Hone_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I expect that A. N. is labouring
+under a mistake in inquiring about an account of the "conversion" of
+"William Hone, THE COMPILER of the _Every-day Book_;" and that he means
+
+   "_The Early Life and Conversion of William Hone_, a narrative
+   written by himself, _edited_ by his SON, William Hone, author of
+   the _Every-day Book_, &c. London, J. Ward & Co., Paternoster Row,
+   1841. One Shilling."
+
+I have no doubt that the work may be procured at the publishers'; but
+should not that be practicable, I shall be happy to lend your
+correspondent my copy. It may perhaps be neither unjust nor
+uninteresting to add, that _I know_ (from his own communication, shortly
+after the memorable trials) he was so affected by the celebrated
+_Parodies_ being charged as "blasphemous," that he immediately stopped
+the sale of them; that, though money was then of some consequence to
+him, he refused tempting offers for copies; and that he did so, because
+he declared he would rather suffer any privations than be considered as
+having sought to revile the religion of his country, or to do aught to
+injure Christianity, which he deemed to be the hope of all, and the poor
+man's charter. In making those observations, he emphatically placed his
+hand on a Bible which lay upon my table.
+
+    A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD.
+
+_The Rev. Mr. Gay_ (Vol. iii., p. 424.).--The name of Gay is not very
+common in the West of England, and MR. TAGART may possibly obtain some
+account of the Rev. Mr. Gay from the descendants of Gay of Goldworthy,
+near Bideford, in the county of Devon, who sprang from Hampton Gay in
+the county of Oxford, but became seised of the manor of Goldworthy,
+about the year 1420, by marriage with the daughter and heir of Curtis of
+Goldworthy, a branch of the ancient family of Curtis of Lostwithiel, in
+the county of Cornwall.
+
+The latest representative of this family of Gay, of whom I have met with
+any notice, is Mr. Lawrence Gay, who, according to Lyson, was living in
+the year 1822 at South Molton, in the county of Devon. Lyson also says
+that "John Gay, the poet, was of this family."
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Lady Mary Cavendish_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--I know nothing of any _Lady
+Mary's_ having married Mr. Maudsley, or Mosley of the Guards; but it is
+certain that she could not have been, _strictly speaking_, of the same
+family as Sir Henry Cavendish of Ireland, whose wife was created Lady
+Waterpark, with remainder to her issue by Sir Henry, who was descended
+from a _natural son_ of the Devonshire family, and even, I believe,
+before it was ennobled; so that it cannot be said that any _Lady_ Mary
+Cavendish was of the same family as Sir Henry.
+
+    C.
+
+_Hand giving the Blessing_ (Vol. iii, p. 477.).--In blessing the people,
+the clergy of the Church of Rome raise the thumb and two forefingers,
+and close the others, to represent the three persons of the Trinity; and
+they give this some divine origin; but it is really an adoption of a
+pagan symbol in use long before the introduction of Christianity, not
+only by the Romans, but the Egyptians also. In Akerman's _Archaeological
+Index_, p. 116., is an engraving of a silver plate of Roman workmanship,
+in which the figures representing Minerva and Juno have their hands
+elevated with the thumb and finger so disposed, and the figure of Vesta
+has the left hand in the same position. I wish some of your
+correspondents who are familiar with the classics and Egyptian
+antiquities, would further illustrate the origin of this curious and
+ancient custom, which hitherto has been regarded as originating with the
+Church of Rome only.
+
+    W. W.
+
+_The Oldenburg Horn_ (Vol. ii., pp. 417, 516.).--There is a good
+engraving of this Horn, and the tradition about it is related, in p.
+264, of the curious _Dissertatio de admirandis mundi Cataractis_ of
+Johannes Herbinius, Amstelodami, 1678, of which book there is a copy in
+the library of the Geographical Society.
+
+    W. C. TREVELYAN.
+
+  Athenaeum, June 16. 1851.
+
+_Covey_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--How could such a question be asked? Covey
+is _couvee_, French for a _brood_, a _hatching_, from _couver_, to hatch
+eggs.
+
+    C.
+
+_Davy Jones's Locker_ (Vol. iii., p. 478.).--During many years of
+seafaring life, I have frequently considered the origin of this phrase,
+and have now arrived at the conclusion, that it is derived from the
+scriptural account of the prophet Jonah. The word _locker_, on board of
+ship, generally means the place where any particular thing is retained
+or kept, as "the bread locker," "shot locker," "chain locker," &c. In
+the sublime ode in the second chapter of the Book of Jonah, we find that
+the Prophet, praying for deliverance, describes his situation in the
+following words:
+
+  "In the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about:--the
+  depth closed me round about:--the earth with her bars was about
+  me."
+
+The sea, then, might not be misappropriately termed by a rude mariner,
+Jonah's locker; that is, the place where Jonah was kept or confined.
+Jonah's locker, in time, might be readily corrupted to Jones's locker;
+and Davy, as a very common Welsh accompaniment of the equally Welsh
+name, Jones, added; the true derivation of the phrase having been
+forgotten.
+
+    W. PINKERTON.
+
+_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., p. 482.).--The use of this word may be traced to
+an earlier period than has yet been shown by any of your correspondents?
+
+In Florio's _Worlde of Wordes_, 1598, we have it thus:--
+
+  "_Ombrella_, a fan, a canopie, also a testern or cloth of state
+  for a prince, also a kind of round fan or shadowing that they use
+  to ride with in summer in Italy, a little shade."
+
+    [Greek: D.]
+
+_Nao, a Ship_ (Vol. iii., p. 477.).--A. N. is informed that _naw_ is a
+Celtic name for a ship (the _w_ is sometimes sounded like _oo_); though
+the word is obsolete, authority for its application may be found in
+Davies' _Mythology, &c. of the Druids_. In the appendix to this work
+there is a poem (No. 6.) by Taliesin, containing the following
+example:--
+
+      "Ymsawdd yn llyn, heb _naw_."
+
+      "Sinking in the lake, without a ship."
+
+The Britons consequently had a name for a ship, independent of Roman
+influence. Can A. N. produce any evidence that the Britons in pre-Roman
+times did not possess any vessels superior to the _cwrygl_? Is it
+probable that the warlike aid which the Britons constantly rendered the
+Gauls, was conveyed across the channel in mere "osier baskets?" Had the
+"water-dwellers" (Dwr-trig-wys) of Dorsetshire (Durotriges) attained no
+higher grade in navigation than that simple mode of water conveyance?
+
+I am almost inclined to exclaim, "Mi dynaf y torch a thi" ("I will pull
+the torque with thee") in respect to the position claimed for the Latin
+_longa_; but passing this, I will advance the opinion that the Celtic
+_naw_ is the root of the Latin _navis_.
+
+    GOMER.
+
+_Birth of Spenser_ (Vol. i., pp. 489. 482.).--Is not 1510 a mistake for
+1550? The figures 1 and 5 are often confounded in manuscripts of
+Spenser's age. The mistake was probably that of the sculptor.
+
+    D. X.
+
+_Petworth Registers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 449. 485.).--The period over which
+these Registers extend is thus shown in the Accounts and Papers printed
+by order of Parliament in the year 1833, vol. xxxviii. p. 335:--
+
+  "County of Sussex.--Arundel Rape.
+
+  "Parish Register Books earlier than the new Registers commencing
+  with A. D. 1813 (according to 52 Geo. III. c. 146.), remain at the
+  following places:--
+
+  "Petworth R. No. I. Bap. Bur. 1559-1794, Marr. 1559-1753; No. II.
+  Bap. Bur. 1795-1812; Nos. III.-VI., Marr. 1754-1812."
+
+The earlier register-book used by Heylin must have been removed from the
+proper custody before the year 1831. If still preserved in any public or
+private library it may perhaps reward some reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES"
+in the next century by turning up when unsought for. In the mean time,
+however, is there no official copy to be found in the Archbishop's
+courts at Canterbury?
+
+    LLEWELLYN.
+
+_Arms of the Isle of Man_ (Vol. iii., p. 373.).--The symbol of three
+legs conjoined no doubt denotes the triangular shapes of the Isle of
+Man, and Sicily or Trinacria. The [Greek: tria akra] from which the name
+of the latter is derived are the promontories of Lilybaeum, Pachynus, and
+Pelorus, now Capes S. Vito, Passaro, and Faro (Virg. AEn. iii. 384.). It
+is somewhat curious that the earliest coinage of this island, A.D. 1709
+(which by the bye is cast, and not struck in the usual way: Obv. The
+crest of the Earls of Derby, the Eagle and Child, SANS CHANGER; Rev. The
+three legs), has the motto QVOCVNQVE . _GESSERIS_ . STABIT. The coinage
+of 1723 is exactly similar, but struck; whereas that of 1733 and all the
+succeeding .coinages have QUOCUNQUE . JECERIS . STABIT, which is clearly
+the correct reading. I may add that I am engaged on a work on the Copper
+Coinage of Great Britain and her Colonies, and shall be thankful for any
+information on the subject respecting rare types, their history, &c.
+
+    E. S. TAYLOR.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Messrs. Longman have commenced the publication, under the title of _The
+Traveller's Library_, of a series of shilling volumes which is intended
+to comprise "books of entertaining and valuable information in a form
+adapted for reading while travelling, and at the same time of a
+character that will render them worthy of preservation." The 1st Number
+contains Mr. Macaulay's brilliant sketch of '_Warren Hastings_' which
+has been appropriately followed by that of '_Lord Clive_,' from his
+_Historical Essays_ and will be succeeded by '_The Earl of Chatham_,'
+'_William Pitt_,' '_Horace Walpole_,' &c., from the same pen; and these
+again by other works of acknowledged merit, the price of which has
+hitherto confined them within a comparatively narrow circle of readers.
+The 3d Number, '_London_,' by Mr. McCulloch, belongs to this class. As a
+really cheap and not merely low-priced series of valuable books, this
+well-printed _Traveller's Library_ deserves, and, we trust will meet
+with, every success.
+
+At a moment like the present, when so much inquiry is directed to the
+subject of public health and indeed of health generally, we may be
+excused for directing the attention, of our readers to '_The Laws of
+Health in relation to Mind and Body, in a Series of Letters from an Old
+Practitioner to a Patient_,' by Lionel J. Beale, as a small volume of
+useful hints and suggestions from one who obviously combines shrewd
+observation and professional knowledge, with that most useful of all
+qualifications for a writer on such a topic, namely, sound common sense.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Illustrations of Mediaeval Costume in England from MSS.
+in British Museum, &c._, by C. A. Day and J. H. Dines, Part 3. The
+present number of this very cheap work on costume contains no less than
+three _coloured_ plates--curiously illustrative of the subject, though
+not so strictly English as the title-page would indicate.
+
+_Hurry-graphs_, by N. Parker Willis, and _The House of Seven Gables_, by
+Nathaniel Hawthorne, form the new volumes of Bohn's Cheap Series. The
+former is characterised by the usual light, off-hand style of the
+writer. The latter will add to the reputation which Mr. Hawthorne has
+won by his '_Scarlet Letter_.' They are two pleasant volumes for the
+steam-boat or the railway carriage.
+
+_An Essay of the Authenticity of the Four Letters of Atticus, included
+in Woodfall's Edition of Junius_, by William Cramp, is an attempt, and
+we must add an unsuccessful attempt, to prove that the Letters in
+question were written by Lord Chesterfield.
+
+Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be occupied during the next week in
+the sale of the fifth portion of the singularly curious and valuable
+Library of Thomas Jolley, Esquire, including, among other interesting
+autographs, Literary Assignments, Receipts of Pope, Swift, Thomson,
+Fielding, &c.
+
+CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue of
+Books Old and New; B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester Square)
+Cheap Book Circular No. 30. of Books in all Languages.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+ALBERT LUNEL, a Novel in 3 Vols.
+
+DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition.
+
+ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW. Vol. IV.
+
+DENS' THEOLOGIA MORALIS ET DOGMATICA. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1832.
+
+MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V.
+
+ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849.
+
+BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6s. per Vol. Pilgrims of the Rhine.
+Alice, and Zanoni.
+
+STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpr. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX.
+
+KIRBY'S BRIDGEWATER TREATISE. 2 Vols.
+
+The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE, continued by Davenport. 12mo. 8 Vols.
+Published by Tegg and Son, 1835. Volume _Eight_ wanted.
+
+L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo.
+Utrecht, 1713.
+
+AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols, 24mo. Published by
+Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted.
+
+CAXTON'S REYNARD THE FOX (Percy Society Edition). Sm. 8vo. 1844.
+
+CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits
+contre l'Homme. 8vo. Francfort, 1581.
+
+CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite de
+l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la
+Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols.
+12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.
+
+The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le
+Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres,
+1721.
+
+THE CRY OF THE OPPRESSED, being a True and Tragical Account of the
+unparalleled Sufferings of Multitudes of Poor Imprisoned Debtors, &c.
+London, 1691. 12mo.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830.
+
+MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition.
+
+JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI.
+
+HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV.
+
+RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II.
+
+CLARE'S RURAL MUSE.
+
+WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to.
+
+STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to.
+
+OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to.
+
+COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. 1. 12mo.
+Lond. 1755.
+
+HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vols. I. II. III. and VII.
+
+HORACE-ORELLIUS. 2 Vols.
+
+D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III.
+
+WAAGEN'S WORKS OF ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. 3 Vols. 8vo. 1838.
+
+SMYTH'S (PROF. W.) LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY. 3rd Edit. 2 Vols. 8vo.
+1841.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price,
+  _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND
+  QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+POPE JOAN. W. M. H. _is assured that the article in_ No. 81. _was
+written by_ R. R. M., _and not by the learned author, whose
+communications we agree with_ W. M. H. _in wishing_ "_we saw still more
+frequently in our pages_."
+
+O. O. _The allusion in Tennyson to_--
+
+        "Her, who clasped in her last trance
+      Her murdered father's head,"
+
+_is to Margaret Roper, who was buried with the head of her father, Sir
+Thomas More, in her arms. See_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vol. iii., p. 10.
+
+DUTCH BOOKS. MARTINUS _will feel obliged if_ HIBERNICUS _will forward
+the Catalogue_ (_he so kindly offers in_ No. 80. p. 378.) _to_ Mr. F.
+MULLER, _care of Mr. Nutt, bookseller No. 272. Strand_.
+
+E. N. W. _The figures above the letters in the motto subscribed to the
+verses which Joannes Rombouts addressed to Verstegan, point out his
+Christian name_, Joannes; _those below the letters, his surname_,
+Rombouts.
+
+R. H. _We are unable to furnish any information respecting the volume
+of_ IRISH ANTIQUITIES _to which our correspondent refers. We will
+willingly give insertion to any Query on the subject of Ogham
+Inscriptions generally._
+
+E. S. T. _Will this correspondent kindly adapt his information on_ Bier
+Ways _as a reply to the Query on the subject?_
+
+T. P. _The "Notes on Almanacks" are under consideration._
+
+LION SYMBOLICAL OF THE RESURRECTION. _We owe it to_ JARLTZBERG _to
+explain with reference to_ C. P.***'s _remark_, p. 450., _that a_ long
+_reply to_ MR. EASTWOOD'S _Query was forwarded by him at the time; its_
+length _indeed it was which necessarily led to its non-insertion at the
+time._
+
+REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Encorah and Millicent, &c._--_Prenzie_--_M.
+or N._--_Local Mints_--_Rev. Mr. Gay_--_Petworth
+Registers_--_Baronettes_--_Curse of Scotland_--_Nao, a ship_--_Arches of
+Pelaga_--_Pylche or Pilcher_--_Dozen of Bread, or Baker's
+Dozen_--_Tinsel_--_Bonnie Cravat_--_Davy Jones's Locker_--_Arms of the
+Isle of Man_--_Dieu et mon Droit_--_William Hone_--_Cachecope
+Bell_--_Pallavicini_
+
+CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_
+T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be
+justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should
+forward copies of our_ Prospectus _to correspondents who would kindly
+enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of
+literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already
+been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are
+greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for
+this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist
+towards increasing our circulation._
+
+_Errata._--Page 322. col. 1. l. 20., for "conscript_u_" read
+"conscript_a_;" and l. 29. for "_M_adingi" read "_W_adingi;" p 444. col.
+1. l. 18., for "Upon" read "Uprose." In the _Tabula Regum_, p. 457.,
+"scotus" in the fifth line should be "secundus;" in the fourteenth line,
+"xxiiij." should be "xx/iiij.," fourscore, not twenty-four; and in l.
+23. for "xliij." read "xliiij."
+
+VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had,
+price 9s. 6d. each._
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of Booksellers and
+Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country
+Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it
+regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet
+aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND
+QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._
+
+_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be
+addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+
+
+8vo., price 1_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE TIPPETS OF THE CANONS ECCLESIASTICAL, with Illustrative
+  Woodcuts. By GILBERT J. FRENCH.
+
+  Also, by the same Author, Second Edition, 18mo., price 6_d._
+
+  HINTS ON THE ARRANGEMENT OF COLOURS IN ANCIENT DECORATIVE ART,
+  with some Observations on the Theory of Complementary Colours.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+
+Just published, fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Steel engraving, price 4_s_.
+6_d_.
+
+  THE FAIRY GODMOTHERS and other Tales.
+
+  By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY.
+
+    "Her love for Fairy literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to
+    compose four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are
+    gracefully enough used as machinery. They are slight, but well
+    written, and the book is altogether very nicely put out of
+    hand."--_Guardian._
+
+    London: GEORGE BELL, 186 Fleet Street.
+
+
+THE LATER HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND.
+
+  In One Volume. small 8vo., price 8_s._ 6_d._
+
+  THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE
+  LAST ACTS OF CONVOCATION, 1688-1717. By the REV. WILLIAM PALIN,
+  M.A., Rector of Stifford, Essex.
+
+  This Volume forms a Continuation to the Works of Bishop Short, Mr.
+  Carwithen, and other Writers on the Earlier History of the Church
+  of England.
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place.
+
+
+ARNOLD'S HOMER FOR BEGINNERS.
+
+  In 12mo., price. 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  HOMER'S ILIAD, BOOKS I.--III., with English Notes; forming a
+  sufficient Commentary for Young Students. By the REV. THOMAS
+  KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A., Rector of Lyndon, and late Fellow of
+  Trinity College, Cambridge.
+
+  RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place;
+
+  Of whom may be had, by the same Editor,
+
+  HOMERI ILIAS, LIB. I.--IV., WITH A COPIOUS CRITICAL INTRODUCTION
+  AND ENGLISH NOTES. In 12mo., 7_s._ 6_d._
+
+    "This Edition is intended to assist more advanced students at
+    schools and colleges. A more useful and complete guide to the
+    study of Homer we do not know. If any body makes himself
+    thoroughly master of the contents of this volume, he will find no
+    difficulty in fully comprehending any other part of the
+    Odyssey."--_Athenaeum._
+
+
+THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.
+
+  Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91.
+
+      DIRECTORS.
+
+      HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Hanford, Dorset, Chairman.
+      JOHN VILLIERS SHELLEY, Esq., Maresfield Park, Sussex,
+          Deputy-Chairman.
+      John Chevallier Cobbold, Esq., M.P., Ipswich.
+      William Cubitt, Esq., Great George Street, Westminster.
+      Henry Currie, Esq., M.P., West Horsley, Surrey.
+      Thomas Edward Dicey, Esq., Claybrook Hall, Lutterworth.
+      William Fisher Hobbs, Esq., Boxted Lodge, Colchester.
+      Edward John Hutchins, Esq., M.P. Eaton Square, London.
+      Samuel Morton Peto, Esq., M.P., Great George Street.
+      Colonel George Alexander Reid, M.P., Bulstrode Park, Bucks.
+      William Tite, Esq., F.R.S., Lowndes Square, London.
+      William Wilshere, Esq., The Frythe, Welwyn, Herts.
+
+  This Company is empowered to execute--
+
+  1. All works of Drainage (including Outfalls through adjoining
+  Estates), Irrigation, Reclaiming, Enclosing, and otherwise
+  improving Land.
+
+  2. To erect Farm Homesteads, and other Buildings necessary for the
+  cultivation of Land.
+
+  3. To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of
+  Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other
+  Public Bodies.
+
+  4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by
+  Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works,
+  to resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act.
+
+  Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations,
+  Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited
+  Interests, may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out
+  every kind of permanent Improvement, either by the Application of
+  their own or the Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on
+  the Property improved.
+
+  Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to WILLIAM
+  CLIFFORD, Secretary. Offices, 52. Parliament Street, Westminster.
+
+
+A NEW EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED.
+
+  WALKER'S RHYMING DICTIONARY, in which all Words are arranged
+  according to their Terminations; answering at the same time the
+  Purpose of a Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English
+  Language. Thick 12mo., cloth, 6_s._ 6_d._ (1851.)
+
+  [Star symbol] The present edition has been carefully revised
+  throughout, and is now offered at a remarkably reasonable price to
+  ensure a rapid sale.
+
+  G. WILLIS, Great Piazza, Covent Garden.
+
+
+Now ready, price 5_s._ illustrated, No. I. of
+
+  THE ARCHITECTURAL QUARTERLY REVIEW.
+
+      CONTENTS.
+      Introductory Address to our Readers.
+      The Great Exhibition and its Influence upon Architecture.
+      Design in Ecclesiastical Architecture.
+      Museums at Home and Abroad.
+      Ruskin and "The Stones of Venice."
+      Architectural Nomenclature and Classification.
+      Domestic Gothic Architecture in Germany.
+      Inventors and Authorship in relation to Architecture.
+      Assyrian Architecture.
+      NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS.
+      Classified List of Books recently published.
+      RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW:--Chevreul on Colour.
+      BUILDINGS AND FURNITURE.
+      NEW INVENTIONS:--Machinery, Tools, and Instruments.--Materials,
+      and Contrivances; Self-acting Dust-shoot Door; Removal of
+      Smoke by Sewers, &c. &c.--Patents and Designs registered, &c. &c.
+
+    "This new and professional Quarterly we hail as an acquisition. It
+    promises to be conducted with intelligence, kindly spirit, and
+    proper concern for the interests of the profession and the
+    public.... It is altogether a good first part."--_Builder._
+
+  GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street (next St. Dunstan's Church).
+
+
+Just published, in 8 volumes 8vo., 4_l._ 4_s._, uniform with Library
+Editions of Herbert and Taylor,
+
+  THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON in VERSE and PROSE. Printed from the
+  Original Editions. With a Life of the Author, by the REV. JOHN
+  MITFORD.
+
+  WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly.
+
+
+PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET.
+
+  CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS.
+
+  Established 1806.
+
+  Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._
+
+  Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._
+
+  Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._
+
+  _President._
+
+  The Right Honourable EARL GREY.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+      The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_.
+      Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+      Henry B. Alexander, Esq.
+      George Dacre, Esq.
+      William Judd, Esq.
+      Sir Richard D. King, Bart.
+      The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird
+      Thomas Maugham, Esq.
+      William Ostler, Esq.
+      Apsley Pellatt, Esq.
+      George Round, Esq.
+      Frederick Squire, Esq.
+      William Henry Stone, Esq.
+      Capt. William John Williams.
+
+  J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_.
+
+  _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street,
+  Montague Square.
+
+  NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED.
+
+      Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of
+      Bonuses.
+
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+             |        |                      |    Bonuses added
+       Date  |  Sum   |                      |    subsequently,
+        of   |Insured.|  Original Premium.   |    to be further
+      Policy.|        |                      | increased annually.
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+       1806  | L2500  |L79 10 10 Extinguished|    L1222  2  0
+       1811  |  1000  | 33 19  2    Ditto    |      231 17  8
+       1818  |  1000  | 34 16 10    Ditto    |      114 18 10
+      -------+--------+----------------------+--------------------
+
+      Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies.
+
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+      Policy| Date.|  Sum   |  Bonuses   |  Total with Additions
+        No. |      |Insured.|   added.   |to be further increased.
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+       521  | 1807 |  L900  | L982 12  1 |      L1882 12  1
+       1174 | 1810 |  1200  | 1160  5  6 |       2360  5  6
+       3392 | 1820 |  5000  | 3558 17  8 |       8558 17  8
+      ------+------+--------+------------+------------------------
+
+  Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application
+  to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the
+  United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No.
+  50. Regent Street.
+
+
+Nearly ready, Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+    our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collection of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
+
+  C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, June 21. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+  List of volumes and pages in "Notes & Queries", Vol. I-III:
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. I.                                     |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. II.                                    |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1-15  | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17-32  | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33-48  | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49-64  | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65-79  | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81-96  | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes & Queries Vol. III.                                   |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |  1-15   | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  | 17-31   | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  | 33-47   | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  | 49-78   | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 | 81-95   | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 | 97-111  | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851      | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]            | PG # 13536  |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850    | PG # 13571  |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851    | PG # 26770  |
+      +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number
+86, June 21, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. III ***
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