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diff --git a/37778.txt b/37778.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a44aceb --- /dev/null +++ b/37778.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4488 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 91, July +26, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 91, July 26, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 18, 2011 [EBook #37778] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JULY 26, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Characters with macrons or accents have been marked in +brackets: examples are an e with an equal sign as in [=e] for a letter e +with a macron on top; [^a] for a letter a with circumflex accent; [/e] +and [\e] for the letter e with acute or grave accents. The paragraph or +pilcrow sign has been rendered as [P]. Lowercase thorn is transcribed +here as [th], and capital thorn as [Th]. In Norwegian words, possible +spelling errors have not been corrected. Underscores have been used to +indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and +Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 91. SATURDAY, JULY 26. 1851. + +Price Sixpence. Stamped Edition 7_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + Page + + NOTES:-- + + Richard Rolle of Hampole 49 + + Notes and Queries MSS. 50 + + MS. Fragments of Old Poetry 51 + + Folk Lore:--Medical Use of Mice--Legend of Haydon's + Gully--The Crow Charm and the Lady-bird Charm--School + Superstitions--The Nightmare--East Norfolk Folk Lore: + 1. Cure for Fits; 2. Cure for Ague--Extreme Ignorance + and Superstition 52 + + Minor Notes:--The Word "Repudiate"--The First + Panorama--Chaucer and Gray--Burns and + Propertius--Shakspeare in Sweden 54 + + QUERIES:-- + + On the Elision of the Letter "_v_" 55 + + Anthony Mundy, by Sir F. Madden 55 + + Minor Queries:--Margaret Maultasch--Arms of Halle--Test + of Strength of a Bow--Vox Populi--Meaning of Whig and Tory + --"Fortune, Infortune, Fortune"--Unde derivatur Stonehenge + --Marriage of Bishops--The Sign [P]--Early German + Virgil--Fairlight Church--The Leman Baronetcy--Armorial + Bearings--History of Magnetical Discovery--George + Chalmers--Mistake as to an Eclipse--Statue of Mrs. Jordan + --"A Posie of other Men's Flowers"--Sir Edmund Ployden or + Plowden--Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace--John + Bodley--Dr. Thomas Johnson--"You Friend drink to me Friend" + --The Latin Termination "aster"--Portrait of Dryden + --Inscription on a Claymore out in 1745 56 + + REPLIES:-- + + De Rebus Septentrionalibus, by W. E. C. Nourse 59 + + Hugh Holland and his Works, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 62 + + "Prenzie" in "Measure for Measure" 63 + + The Ten Commandments 63 + + The Republic of San Marino, by Walter Montagu 64 + + Shakespeare's Use of "Eisell" 64 + + Royal Library 69 + + The Caxton memorial, by Beriah Botfield 69 + + Meaning of "Nervous," by W. E. C. Nourse and E. J. Jones 70 + + The Duke of Monmouth's Pocket-books, by C. Ross 70 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Pope's "honest Factor"--Banks + Family--Dies Irae, Dies Illa--Equestrian Statues--Monumental + Symbolism--Organs in Churches--Tennyson: "The + Princess"--"Perhaps it was right to dissemble your + love"--Sardonic Smiles--Epitaph on Voltaire--Voltaire, + where situated--Children at a Birth--Milkmaids--"Heu + quanto minus," &c.--The "Passellew" Family--Lady Petre's + Monument--Spenser's Age at his Death--Blessing by the + hand--Handel's Occasional Oratorio--Moore's Almanack--Kiss + the Hare's Foot--Derivation of the World "Bummaree" or + "Bumaree"--Sheridan and Vanbrugh--"Felix quem faciunt aliena + pericula cautum"--"Alterius Orbis Papa"--Umbrella--To learn + by Heart--"Suum cuique tribuere"--Frogs in Ireland--Round + Towers--Lines on the Temple--Killigrew Arms--Meaning of + Hernshaw--Theory of the Earth's Form--Coke and Cowper, how + pronounced--Registry of British Subjects Abroad, &c. 71 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 77 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 78 + + Notices to Correspondents 79 + + Advertisements 79 + + + + +Notes. + + +RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE. + +If the following "Notes" do not demand too much of your valuable space, +they may possibly interest the philological reader, and elicit a number +of learned illustrations. They are drawn from a MS. belonging to this +University (Dd. I. 1.), of which the main part is a course of _metrical_ +sermons upon the Gospels throughout the year. The author of most, if not +all, of the pieces, was the famous solitary, Richard Rolle, of Hampole, +near Doncaster, who died in 1348. + +1. The first sample I shall give is a curious illustration of the way in +which the preachers of that age were wont to represent the harshness of +the great in their dealings with the poor: + + "For wi[th] ensample may we se, + [Th]'t al [th]is world is but as [th]e se + [Th]'t bremli bari[th] on banke wi[th] bale, + And grete fischis etin [th]erin [th]e smale. + For riche men of [th]is world ete + [Th]'t pore men wi[th] traueyle gete: + For wi[th] pore men fari[th] [th]e king + Riht as [th]e hal wi[th] [th]e hering, + Riht as [th]e sturgeoun eti[th] _merling_ + And _lobkeling_ eti[th] _spirling_, + So stroyen more men [th]e lesse + Wi[th] worldis wo and wrongwisnesse, + All [th]'e ska [th]e [th]t lesse sufferin of more + Smyti[th] as storm of [th]e se ful sore." + + Pp. 115, 116. + +2. The word _keling_ (cod-fish) occurs again in the following passage, +where the subject of the preacher is the Incarnation of our Lord: + + "For right as bayt [th]e hok heli[th] + And so [th]e gredi keling teli[th], + so telid Ih[=u]s wi[th] flesch & blode + _Gormond_ [th]e _gredi_ on [th]e rode: + Gormond [th]e gredi I him calle + [Th]t swelewi[th] synful soulis alle, + [Th]t neuer is ful but euer redi + To ha[=u]se hem as _Gawen gredi_. + [Th]is Gaweyn was hirchid on a hoke + [Th]at flesch & bold on Marie toke + for hirching [th]e bodi slas + And so slow Ih[=e] Salhanas."--P. 193. + +3. At p. 352. a rebuke is administered to the _gourmet_ in the following +terms: + + "[Th]at o[th]er gostli ydropicy + Is called on Englisch gloteny, + [th]'t mekil is vsed wi[th] these burgese, + [th]t lyue mekil at hir owne ese. + [th]ei gar (i.e. _cause to_) seke [th]'e cuntre thorw, + Bo[th]e oplond and in borw, + Riche metis for to bye, + Summe to bake and summe to frye: + Al schal ben brouht on to his ham + Beste and foul bo[th]'e wylde & tame, + And yet all [th]is way not fille + His yernyng & his herte wille. + On [th]e pore men [th]inki[th] he nought + Ne on [th]t lord [th]t him der bought. + Many a mes be forn him stondi[th] + And of ilkon sum [th]ing he fondi[th], + Of venyson, of gos and gryse, + Tarte, _blawmanger_, and of ryse, + Of euerilkon sumwhat he tasti[th] + And so forso[th]e his kynde be wasti[th], + For ser deyntes & many mes + Make men falle in many sicknes. + But if [th]e riche man wolde [th]inke + Among al his mete & drynke, + [th]t his flesch schol rote in molde, + He wold not bin [th]erto so bolde." + +4. The following passage is curious in more respects than one: + + "This day _witsonday_ is cald, + For wisdom & wit seuene fald + Was youen to [th]e apostles as [th]is day + For wise in alle [th]ingis wer thay, + To spek wt outen mannes lore + Al maner langage eueri whore. + [th]ei spak _latyn_, _frensch_ & _grew_, + _Saresenay_, _deuenisch_ & _ebrew_, + _Gascoyne_, _Pikard_, Englisch & Walsch + And o[th]er speche spak [th]ei als." + +5. At p. 372. we have an interesting picture of a nun persecuted by the +rest of the sisterhood on account of her stricter living: + + "Hir cher was ay semand sori + Hir felawis held hir wod for[th]'i, + And made of hir ful gret skornyng + And callid hir oule & outcasting: + For alle [th]e nonnes [th]'t were thore + Wend wel [th]t sche fonned wore, + And summe on hir foul water keste, + And sumtyme draf & sometyme yeste, + And summe rubbid hir wi[th] oute + Wi[th] ground mustard al a boute; + But sche made no grucching + For al hir euyl skornying, + Bul al sche suffrid ful mekeli + And to hir seruise was ay redi, + For ofte tymes sche grecid hir schos, + And wisch hir vessel as a guystroun dos, + And what so euer [th]ei put hir to + W't a good wil al dide scho. + Hir hed was wounden al a boute + Wi[th] a foul lynen cloute, + And for sche was so onlikli + Alle [th]ei letin of hir skornfulli, + But yet sche was ful derworthi + Beforn our lord god almyghti." + +6. I will add, in conclusion, a sample from one of the prose treatises +contained in the same volume (p. 464.): + + "O[th]ere spices [th]er ben of pride whiche men & women ben founden + inne, & it encresi[th] fro day to day, of dyuers atire about [th]'e + bodi: as ofte streyte clothes & schorte daggid hodis, chaunsemlees + (i.e. _shoes_) disgised & teyde op strayt in v. or vi. stedis: + women with schorte clothis unne[th]e to [th]'e hipes, _booses_ & + _lokettes_ about [th]e heed, & vile stynkend hornes longe & brode, & + o[th]er dyuers atire, [th]'t I can nought witen ne discryen of surche + [th]inges. Eueri man & woman be his owne juge & loke weel if it be + nought [th]us." + + C. H. + + St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + + +NOTES AND QUERIES MSS. + +The commencement of a new volume appears to be the signal for new +suggestions. May I fire one off as well as others? + +In p. 282. of the Third, and in p. 19 of your present volume, you have +printed two MSS. relating to Cromwell, which I sent you. No doubt there +are many MSS. equally, or indeed more curious and interesting, scattered +throughout the country, which would be worthy of preservation in type in +your valuable columns, and which may possibly be so preserved. But what +shall become of the originals? Would not the possessors of twos or +threes of such documents be glad to place them in a safe and useful +repository, where they might be preserved and be made available to all +who take an interest in our history, whether social or political? And +how could this be better effected than by opening a book for their +reception and safe custody at your office; such book to be open to the +inspection of all applicants, under proper regulations; and, when full, +to be deposited in the British Museum as Vol. I. of the "NOTES AND +QUERIES MSS.?" + +With regard to the two which you have thought worth printing, I would by +far prefer such a mode of disposing of them, to consigning them, as +trifles, to what might prove the bottomless pit of the Museum, or to +returning them to the snug dormitory in which I found them, between the +leaves of Bishop Kennett's _History of England_. + +Should this hint find favour in the eyes of yourself and your learned +correspondents, not only are these at your service, but I might find +another or two to add to them. I think, however, that none should be +admitted into the collection but such as were considered worthy of being +also preserved in print in "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + S. H. H. + + St. John's Wood. + + [It can scarcely be necessary for us to add that we shall be very + glad to do our part towards carrying out the very sensible and + practical suggestion of our Correspondent. We shall indeed be glad + to show the sense we entertain of the obligations which we, in + common with all lovers of literature in this country, owe to the + British Museum, by aiding in this or any other well connected + scheme for enriching that storehouse of learning, and increasing, + if possible, its present usefulness.] + + +MS. FRAGMENTS OF OLD POETRY. + +I have before me a sheet of vellum, part of old tale or tales in verse, +which has been used as the cover of a manuscript book. I conceive it to +be about the time of Henry VI. Can any of your correspondents, from the +following extracts, give me any information as to the author, or the +work of which it is a part? There would appear to be parts of two tales, +at least. + + G. H. D. + + "Thanne seide the Prest, i will the telle, + For alle my good i wele the selle, + For alle the synnes that thou hast don, + I graunte the hem alle sone anon. + Alle gode dedes and eke preiere. + That Marchaunt the Prest wel understod, + That the Prestes chaffare was to hym good, + Gif that it mythe awelde; + And seide, as i am a trewe man, + In alle the wittis that i can, + Covenaunt i wele the helden. + Gif thou wilt me with herte and thouth (thought), + Give me alle thi gode dedes that thou hast wrouth, + As covenaunt was before; + Loke, he seide, to the Prest anon, + That thou telle hem everecheon, + That thou be nouth forswore. + And i schal telle the anon, + Alle the ... de dedes that I haue don, + Alle with outen ende; + The Prest began anon to telle, + Of hese goodnesse anon snelle, + No lengere he wolde hym wende. + The Prest seide, while i was yonge, + And coude gon and speke with tunge, + I was sette to lore; + Pore men i loved wel, + Of that i hadde i zaf hem su ... el, + Bothe lesse and more. + And quanne i my primer cou[the], + I seide it eche day with my mouthe, + And forgat ... uth on; + To God i made my preiere, + And eche dai seide oure ladies [sa]utere, + To God I made my mone. + Evereche day to chirche i went, + And seide my psauter with sex [en?]tente + Both be dai and be nyth; + Quanne i to bedde schulde go, + Mi clothes i kest me fro, + To serue God ful of myth. + Certes oftyn i gan take, + An usage on nyth moche to wake, + And prei to hevene kyng; + That i moste comen to this ... religion, + To my soule Savacioun, + To joye with outen endyng. + And quanne i was made a prest here, + God thewes i wolde lere, + As I haue the told; + Now thou woste with outen strife, + How I haue led in lif, + And all my goodnesse I haue thee solde. + Thanne seide the Prest to the Marchaunt, + Hold thou me my covenaunt, + That I of haue of the bouth; + Thou woste wel al untold, + But gif a man wolde truthe hold, + Marchaundize is rith nouth, + With tretchere thou myth me katche, + And do me _bie the cat in a Satche_,[1] + Thyng that I may nouth se; + All thi synnes thou me telle, + And thou schalt be saued fro the payne of helle, + Gif thou ne levest nouth me. + The Marchaunt seide, geve me myn, + And thou schalt have chaffare thin, + Gif thou wilt understonde; + This seide the Prest, be my leute, + Alle thi synnes telle thou me, + For no thyng that thou ne wende. + The Marchaunt seide, wil I was yong, + And coude gon and spake with tung, + I was jolif and wilde; + Be myn own sister I lay, + Many a nyth and many a day, + And gret sche was with childe. + With childe she was, tho sothe to telle, + And I gaf reed my fader to quelle, + So God me bryng out of care; + Now God Fader in Trinite, + Have merci on here and on me, + Of blisse I am all bare. + And after that with outen othe, + Oure fader and oure moder bothe, + Whanne that it was eve; + And thei bothe aslepe were, + We wenten to hem bothe in fere, + And slowe hem with outen weve (?). + And quanne this dede was i-do, + We wenten away bothe to, + Mi sister wente behynde; + As gret with childe as sche was, + I lep to here a woligret pas, + And dede here heved of wynde. + Sche that was me lef and dere, + I smot here heved of be the swere, + Now lord, merci I crie; + Fader, God omnipotent, + Ne lete our soules never be schent, + For the love of oure lefdie. + Maries sone that sitteth in trone, + Lade to the i make my mone, + For thin holy grace; + That we mote be present, + At the day of jujement, + And seen thin holi face." + + ... ... ... + "Thanne he sei a leoun come, + And taken awei hese yonge sone, + On hym he gaped wide. + The Lyoun bar that child with hym, + Awei rennynge wroth and grym, + The knyth was ney aswoune; + There he was in the water deep, + It was no wonder thow he wep, + Of Care hadde [he] inow. + Sore he gan to sihhe and grone, + Thei he ne seide wordes none, + To loude he moste tee; + A wonder thyng he sey thar, + A wolf hese other child away bar, + He fel doun on swoune on kne. + Tho that he aswouning ros, + He loked abouten and hym agros, + Hese wit was ney forlore; + But yet he thouthe on Ih[=u] Crist, + On his deth and on hese uprist, + That for us was i-bore. + Lord God Almythti, thou it wost, + Fadir sone and holi gost, + To thee i menene my mone; + For my spouse that was so trewe, + Fadir hende brith of newe, + Wol wo is me alone. + For my sones that ben forlorn, + That wilde bestes hath awei born, + I not nouth where to wone; + To wheche lond mai i fle, + How longe schal i on lyve be, + Sorewes comen gret wone. + Of Job i well bethenke me, + That long in welthe hadde be, + And fel sone in care; + Ih[=u] Crist for love of The, + To carful well i nevere be, + How so it ever fare. + I have wepte al my fille, + I nele no more, i well be stille, + Goddes helpe is us ney; + Thanne come an aungel from hevene, + And spake to hym with mylde Stevene, + Of God that woneth on hey. + Be bold blithe, he seide, Eustace, + For in hevene is maad thi place, + There thou schalt myrie be; + Thi children and thi wif, + Schal have longe lyf, + And al that blisse i-se. + Thus long he wente forth his wai, + Biddynge his bedes on hase lai, + Til beter tyme come; + To Swynke and swate he most, + For hese spendying was ney go, + ---- it under no ---- + With bowe and arwe and horn, + For to kepe a lordis corn, + Be day and eke be nyth; + ... ... ... + knythes from fer i fare + For to seeke here and thare + After on manne + The emperoures counceyler + We han forth far and ner + There can no man hym kenne: + The wisest knyth of hese coort he was, + He was i hoten Sire Placidas, + On huntynge out he ferde; + And never after come he hom, + Ne no tidyng of him com. + ... ... ... + On the mouthe is a wounde." + + [Footnote 1: Proverb.] + + [The first of these fragments is obviously a portion of a + religious tale (similar to the French _Contes Devots_, from one of + which it is probably borrowed). + + The second is a portion of the Legend of St. Eustace, otherwise + named Placidas, which occurs in an earlier metrical English form + among the Collections of Lives of Saints in MS. Laud. 108. art. + 59.; MS. Digby 86.; MS. Bodl. 779. art. 64.; MS. Vernon, fol. 170; + MS. Ashm. 43. art. 73.; and MS. Cott. Cal. A. II. It occurs as + prose in the Golden Legend.] + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Medical Use of Mice._--Seeing some Queries and Replies on this subject, +I am induced to send you a few extracts from an old book in my +possession (marked "very scarce"), published in 1661. Its title is +_Panzoologicomineralogia, or a Compleat History of Animals and +Minerals_. By Richard Lovell, St. C. C. Oxon. It treats chiefly of the +medicinal uses of the various objects. I am tempted to tell you the use +of a "unicorne," but confine myself to the mouse. + + "The flesh eaten causeth oblivion, and corrupteth the meat; yet + those of Chalecut eat them; it is hot, soft, and fattish, and + expelleth melancholy.... A mouse dissected and applied, draweth + out reeds, darts, and other things that stick in the flesh.... + Mice bruised, and reduced to the consistence of an _acopon_ + (what's that?), with old wine, cause hair on the eyebrows.... + Being eaten by children when rosted, they dry up the spittle. The + magicians eat them twice a month against the paines of the teeth. + The water in which they have been boiled helps against the + quinsey. Being boiled and eaten, they help children's pissing in + bed. The fresh blood kills warts. The ashes of the skinne, applied + with vinegar, help the paines of the head. The head worn in a + cloth, helps the headach and epilepsy. The braine being steeped in + wine, and applied to the forehead, helpeth the headach. Used with + water, it cureth the phrensy. The heart, _taken out of a mouse_ + WHEN ALIVE, worne about the arme of a woman, causeth no + conception. The fillet of the liver, drunk with austere wine, + helpeth quartans. The liver, rosted in the new of the moon, trieth + the epilepsy. The dung, is corrosive. Given in any liquor, it + helpeth the collicke. It looseneth the body; therefore some nurses + use it for children in suppositories(?). It helpeth hollow teeth, + being put therein." + +There is more of the sort, to the extent of 2-3/4 closely printed pages. +It should be added that the author quotes authorities, old and new, for +the several facts he adduces. Pliny is a great authority with him, and +Galen is often cited. + + J. K. + +_Legend of Haydon's Gully._--In the parish of Hinton-Blewett, North +Somersetshire, or immediately adjoining it, in the direction of West +Harptree, there is a wooded gorge in the hill-side, through which runs a +small stream, and which is called "Haydon's Gully." I have lately heard +the following tradition respecting it; viz. that a gentleman named +Colonel Haydon, who was accused of high treason, used to spend his +nights under his brother's roof, somewhere in the neighbourhood, and +every morning came and backed his horse into a hole in the bank, where +he spent the day in order to evade his pursuers. You will perhaps agree +with me, that this story, which, if it has any truth in it, probably +refers to Monmouth's days, is worth inquiring into. + + ARTHUR WRIGHT. + +_The Crow Charm and the Lady-bird Charm._--The following charms are +repeated by children throughout Yorkshire and Lancashire, and, I doubt +not, in other parts of the kingdom also. They may be classed with the +"Snail Charms" (Vol. iii., pp. 132. 179.): + + _Crow Charm._ + + "Crow, crow, get out of my sight, + Or else I'll eat thy liver and lights." + + _Lady-bird Charm._ + + "Lady-bird, lady-bird, eigh thy way home; + Thy house is on fire, thy children all roam, + Except little Nan, who sits in her pan, + Weaving gold-laces as fast as she can." + +I remember, as a child, sitting out of doors on an evening of a warm +summer or autumn day, and repeating the crow charm to flights of rooks, +as they winked home to their rookery. The charm was chaunted so long as +a crow remained in sight, the final disappearance of them being to my +mind proof "strong as Holy Writ" of the efficacy of the charm. + +The lady-bird charm is repeated to the insect (the _Coccinella +septempunctata_ of Linnaeus)--the common seven-spotted lady-bird--to be +found in every field and garden during summer. + +The lady-bird is placed upon the child's open hand, and the charm is +repeated until the insect takes to flight. The warmth and moisture of +the hand no doubt facilitate this, although the child believes fully in +the moving power of the charm. + +N.B. The lady-bird is also known as _lady-cow_, _cow-lady_, and is +sometimes addressed as _cusha-cow-lady_. + + ROBERT RAWLINSON. + +_School Superstitions._--Several appear to exist in schools from +generation to generation: do they exist anywhere else? and whence their +origin? For instance "a boy who could not span his own wrist was a +bastard;" "if you said the Lords Prayer backwards, the devil would come +up," &c. + + A. C. + +_The Nightmare._--I recently observed a large stone, having a natural +hole through it, suspended inside a Suffolk farmer's cow-house. Upon +inquiry of a labourer, I was informed this was intended as a preventive +of nightmare in the cattle. My informant (who evidently placed great +faith in its efficacy) added that a similar stone suspended in a +bed-room, or a knife or steel laid under the foot of the bed, was of +equal service to the sleeper, and that he had himself frequently made +use of this charm. + +Is this practice common, and in what does it originate? + + J. B. C. + + +EAST NORFOLK FOLK LORE. + +1. _Cure for Fits._--A similar superstition on this subject to the one +mentioned by D. (Vol. i, p. 11.) is prevalent in this vicinity. Nine or +eleven young men or maidens (an odd number is indispensable) contribute +each a silver coin for the manufacture of the ring. A friend of the +sufferer gives out that he is making a collection for the purpose, and +calls on the parties expected to contribute, and the coins must be given +_unasked_, to ensure its efficacy. A watchmaker in my parish tells me +that he has made ten or a dozen such rings within as many years, and +that he has full faith in their curative properties. + +2. _Cure for Ague._--Being afflicted two years since with a severe +tertian ague, I was solicited, after the usual medical treatment had +failed, by a lady to take as much of the _snuff of a candle_ as would +lie on a sixpence, made into an electuary with honey. I complied and, +strange to say, a complete cure was effected. Whether the nausea +consequent on such an unpleasant remedy had any effect on the spasmodic +nature of the malady, I cannot say; but the fact is certain, and it is +esteemed a sovereign specific by the Norfolk rustics. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + + Martham, Norfolk. + +_Extreme Ignorance and Superstition._--In a large village in +Dorsetshire, not far from the county town, an intelligent man went +recently into the house of a somewhat respectable woman who keeps a +general shop in the village, and who is the mother of a numerous family +and seeing her with a large family Bible open before her, and several of +her children collected around, while she was cutting and paring their +finger nails, and so holding their hands as that their cuttings might +drop on the leaves of the Bible, he asked her why she did this. +Suspecting, by her manner, that she had some object in view, judge of +his surprise, when she replied--"I always, when I cut the nails of my +children, let the cuttings fall on the open Bible, that they may grow up +to be _honest_. They will never steal, if the nails are cut over the +Bible!!" Do we not yet require the educator to be abroad? + + T. WE. + + +Minor Notes. + +_The Word "Repudiate."_--I cannot help following DR. KENNEDY'S example, +and calling attention to another word in our language which is +now-a-days, on many occasions, used very erroneously; I allude to the +word _repudiation_, or rather the verb _repudiate_. + +How frequently does one hear at public meetings such phrases as these: +"I utterly repudiate the idea," "I repudiate the sentiment," "I +repudiate the insinuation." A page might be filled with phrases of this +description occurring in reported speeches of recent date. The word, in +fact, is made by public speakers of "unadorned eloquence" and newspaper +writers, to do duty for such words as to _refuse_, _repel_, _reject_, +_abandon_, _disown_, _cast off_. + +Now, Sir, I humbly conceive that repudiation means simply a dissolving +of the marriage contract, hence of any contract or obligation and I +believe I may say with safety, that in no standard classical author, +ancient or modern, is the term _repudiation_, or the verb, _repudiate_, +used, except in connexion with some _obligation_ expressed, or in +figurative allusion to such obligation. The term, when applied to the +"drab-coloured men of Pennsylvania," is undoubtedly proper; they have +indeed _repudiated_ their debt, and perhaps brought the word and the +thing into vogue; but to use such a phrase as "I repudiate the notion," +is, I submit, surely to talk nonsense. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_The First Panorama_ (Vol. iii., p. 526.).--E. N. W. must have made some +mistake in his recollection. Girton was a painter, and may have worked +at the Panorama of London; but the "first Panorama" was by Mr. Robert +Barker. The sketches were made by his son, Henry Aston Barker, when only +a lad aged fifteen. They were taken from the top of the Albion Mills: +they were also etched by H. A. Barker at the same age, and aqua-tinted +by Birnie, and published in six sheets, 22 by 17, a set of which I +possess, with a note of their history, as herein communicated, written +_in dorso_, long ago, from Mr. B.'s own lips. + + H. T. E. + +E. N. W. is correct in saying, that a semicircular view of London from +the top of the Albion Mills, near Blackfriar's bridge, preceded Barker's +panoramas. It must have been painted about the year 1793. I saw it at +the end of that year, or at the very beginning of 1794. But it was not +exhibited in St. Martin's Lane, but in Castle Street, in a rough +building--not, I believe, erected for the purpose--at the back of a +small house on the eastern side of that street. Perhaps some other of +your octogenarian readers may recollect its being there, as well as +myself. The scene on the Thames was the water-procession on Lord Mayor's +day. + + W. D. + +_Chaucer and Gray_ (Vol. iii., p. 492).--MR. THOMS suggests a very +interesting parallel between a line in Chaucer, and Gray's "Even in our +ashes", &c. Gray himself refers to Petrarch as his original, and the +thought occurs in Shakspeare: + + "In me thou seest the glowing of such fire, + That on the ashes of his youth doth lie." + +And Malone, in a note on the passage (_Supplement to Shakspeare_, 1780, +vol. i. p. 640), adduces the passage in Chaucer quoted by MR. THOMS as +an illustration. Steevens has mentioned the following passage in Sir P. +Sidney's _Arcadia_ "In ashes of despair, though burnt, shall make thee +live." Compare, also, _Antony and Cleopatra_, Act V. Sc. 2. + + J. O. H. + +To the verse, + + "Even in our ashes live their wonted fires," + +Gray has himself appended a note, indicating that it was suggested by +Petrarch, sonnet 169.; and "I will take the poet's word for a thousand +pounds." It was originally written-- + + "Awake and faithful to her wonted fires," + +which has but little to do with Chaucer. + + VARRO. + +_Burns and Propertius._--There is a strange inclination to attribute +similarity of sentiment to plagiarism; as if it were almost impossible +for two men of genius to hit upon the same notions, independently of +each other. In Propertius (II. i. 3, 4.) we find-- + + "Non haec Calliope, non haec mihi cantat Apollo, + Ingenium nobis ipsa puella facit." + +In Burns we read-- + + "O, were I on Parnassus' hill! + Or had of Helicon my fill; + That I might catch poetic skill + To sing how dear I love thee. + But Nith maun be my Muse's well, + _My Muse maun be thy bonnie sel'_." + +Had Burns been much of a Latin scholar, he would probably have been +accused of stealing from Propertius. + + VARRO. + +_Shakspeare in Sweden._--The writings of Shakspeare would appear from +the following fact to be read with as much avidity and delight in Sweden +as in his native country. A translation of his plays by Hagberg, +Professor of Greek in the University of Lund, is now in course of +publication. Of this, twelve volumes have appeared; and although the +first edition consisted of no less than two thousand copies, the whole +have been sold off, and a second edition is in preparation. Professor +Hagberg's translation is most favourably spoken of by those who are +qualified to judge of its merits. + + W. J. T. + + + + +Queries. + + +ON THE ELISION OF THE LETTER "V." + +Through the medium of "NOTES AND QUERIES" I would be permitted to invite +attention to a peculiar pronunciation that has extensively prevailed, +though unnoticed I believe in print, of many words wherein the letter +_v_ occurs between two vowels. + +While resident in the country, when a boy, I was struck with the +singular manner in which the names of certain places, having a _v_ so +circumstanced, were pronounced, for the _v_ was wholly silent, and +occasionally the latter vowel also; but as this was chiefly among +uneducated people, I was led to regard it as a provincialism. However, +as I became further acquainted with the names of places, I did not fail +to observe, that it was by no means limited to any particular part of +England. Thus, for example, the provincial pronunciation of Cavendish +(Suffolk) is Ca'endish; of Daventry, Da'entry; of Staverton and Coverley +(Warwickshire), Sta'erton and Co'erly; of Evesham, E'esham; of Davenham +(Cheshire), Da'enham; of Lavington (Lincolnshire), La'enton or Lenton; +of Avebury (Wilts), Abury; of Lavenham and Cavenham (Suffolk), Lanham +and Canham; of Overton (Leicestershire, Westmoreland, and Cumberland), +Orton; and the Principality gives us Aberga'enny for Abergavenny. +Ivilchester has become Ilchester, and Tovecester (now written Towcester) +is pronounced To'ecester; while Hoveden (Yorkshire) is called Ho'eden, +or Howden, as it is now commonly spelt. Similar examples might be +multiplied. Sometimes a succeeding consonant has undergone a change, as +Pe'emsey for Pevensey, and Rochester for Rovecester or Rofecester. +Numerous as the instances are, there has been some apparent caprice in +the matter, not easily explained. For though, as we have seen, Staverton +and Coverley in Warwickshire, and Daventry on the borders of that +county, undergo this change, yet, as far as I can learn, Coventry was +ever free from it; and in the like manner Twiverton in Devonshire is +called Twerton, yet I believe Tiverton was never Terton. There may have +been something in the original forms or meanings of Coventry, Tiverton, +and the like, that occasioned the _v_ to be retained. + +Many examples of the omission of this letter might be adduced from +surnames, did space permit; indeed, several of those given above are +surnames, as well as names of places; and some readers may recollect the +change noticed in Selden's _Titles of Honour_, of Roger Wendover into +Roger of Windsor, the first step having been to write Roger of Windore. + +Nor is the practice confined to names. All are familiar with such +contractions as _e'er_, _ne'er_, _o'er_, _e'en_, and _se'nnight_. We +have also _ill_ for _evil_, and the Scotch have _de'il_ for _devil_, and +_e'ening_ for _evening_. In like manner have we derived _lord_ from the +old English _loverd_ or _louerd_; _lark_ from _laverock_ (Anglo-Saxon +_lauerc_); _hawk_ from the Anglo-Saxon _hafoc_ or _hauoc_; and _head_ +from the Anglo-Saxon _heafod_ or _heauod_; for the _f_ or _u_ in +Anglo-Saxon, when representing our _v_, became subject to this elision. +Time was, too, when _shovel_ was pronounced _sho'el_, and rhymed with +_owl_; as is exemplified in the nursery lay of the death and burial of +poor Cock Robin. + +Without now attempting to account for this usage of speech, which seems +to imply the prevalence of a former pronunciation of _v_ very different +from the present, I will briefly notice that the like elision is of +frequent occurrence in Latin, chiefly in the perfect tenses and their +derivatives, as _am[^a]runt_ for _amaverunt_, and _aud[^i]sset_ for +_audivisset_; occasionally, too, in nouns, as _labrum_ for _lavabrum_; +and also in the compounds of _versus_, as _retro'rsum_. It is found, I +may add, in a few French words derived from the Latin, as _oncle_ from +_avunculus_, and _cite_ from _civitas_. In the several languages above +mentioned the _v_ between two vowels is also found passing into _w_ or +_u_, especially after _a_ or _o_, the second vowel being in such cases +dropped, thus indicating the connexion that existed between _v_ and _u_, +which letters we know were in times past written indifferently for each +other. The discussion, however, of this connexion is beside my present +purpose. + +The Latin contractions that I have adverted to are well known, and often +noticed; and it is remarkable that the manner in which this treatment of +the _v_ has affected the pronunciation and orthography of our own +language, should have almost escaped observation. An acquaintance with +it has been found of service when consulting ancient writings and the +published records; for those who would use such sources of information +with advantage, should be prepared not only to recognise, but also to +anticipate, the various changes which names of persons and places have +undergone. + + W. S. W*****D. + + +ANTHONY MUNDY. + +A few weeks since some manuscripts were placed in my hands belonging to +the Hon. E. M. L. Mostyn, M. P. (removed from the library at Mostyn +Hall in Flintshire), in order that I might ascertain the contents; and +on looking at them, I discovered a play in the autograph of Anthony +Mundy, with his signature at the end, and the date (supplied by another +hand) of December, 1595. This play, entitled "_A Booke of John a Kent +and John a Cumber_," seems to have been hitherto unknown to all the +writers on the history of the stage; and its plot and dialogue appearing +to me sufficiently curious to deserve publication, I lost no time in +communicating my discovery to Mr. J. Payne Collier, under whose able +editorship I am happy to learn that the work (by permission of Mr. +Mostyn) will shortly be printed by the Shakspeare Club. The object I now +have in view in making these remarks, is to point out an error relative +to MUNDY (as he spells his own name) which, if not corrected, may +acquire greater circulation than it possesses even at present. In +Warton's _History of English Poetry_, 4to. vol. iii. p. 292. _n._ +(printed in 1781), at the close of his biographical account of Mundy, he +makes the following statement: "He [Mundy] collected the arms of the +county of Middlesex, _lately_ transferred from Sir Simeon Stuart's +library to the British Museum;" and this paragraph is copied word for +word by Chalmers (writing in 1812), and inserted in his _Biographical +Dictionary_ under the article MUNDAY (ANTONY). As no record exists in my +department of any such transfer, I was desirous to trace the truth of +this assertion, which the date of Chalmers could hardly have enabled me +to do, had I not fortunately consulted Nichols's _Literary Anecdotes_, +vol. viii. p. 645., where I found a letter from the Rev. Michael Tyson +to Gough, dated June 10, 1777, in which he mentions the manuscripts then +recently sold at the seat of Sir Simeon Stuart, in Hampshire, and adds-- + + "A bookseller opposite the Exchange bought an heraldical lot of + eighteen volumes, big and little, for which he asks twenty + guineas: among them is Hawes's [_read_ Harvey's] original _Suffolk + Church Notes_, and a beautiful _Visitation of Cambridge_." + +With this clue I had little difficulty in ascertaining that the eighteen +volumes alluded to were preserved among the _Additional Manuscripts_ in +the British Museum, Nos. 4960-4977., and were probably purchased of the +bookseller named above. I can trace no copy of the sale catalogue of Sir +Simeon Stuart's library; but this library must have belonged to the +third baronet of that name, of Hartley-Maudit, co. Hants, who succeeded +to the title in 1761. The manuscripts in question all belonged in the +reign of Charles II. to Samuel Waker, painter-stainer, in whose +handwriting many of them are, among which is No. 4964, thus entitled: +"_Collections of Descents and Armes of the Gentry of Middlesex, whereof +was noe visitation generall of the same County, before that made by Sir +Henry St. George, Richmond Herald [in 1634], except 7 descents of these +are entered in the old visitation of Hertfordshire made in a'o 1572; all +the rest are the collections of mee_, RICH. MUNDY." It is evident that +this is the volume referred to by Warton and Chalmers; and no less +certain, that, by a careless blunder, the playwright _Anthony Mundy_ has +been confounded with his namesake _Richard Mundy_, the painter-stainer, +whose voluminous heraldic labours are recorded in the _Catalogue of the +Harleian MSS._, Nos. 1529-1534., 1536-1566., 1570. 1571. and 1577. The +Add. MS. 4964. is, in reality, only an incomplete copy by Waker of +Mundy's original manuscript, preserved in MS. Harl. 1551. + +I beg leave to annex the three following Queries. + +1. Did any relationship exist between Anthony and Richard Mundy? + +2. What is the name of the bookseller who lived "opposite the Exchange" +in 1777? + +3. Can any copy of the sale catalogue of Sir Simeon Stuart's library be +referred to in existence? + + F. MADDEN. + + +Minor Queries. + +17. _Margaret Maultasch--Arms of Halle._--In "Marcel de Serres' Journey +in Bavaria and the Tyrol" (printed in Arliss's _Pocket Mag._ 1825), in +describing the statues ranged round the mausoleum of the Emperor Mathias +in the Franciscan churn at Innspruck, he says: + + "Amidst the Princesses, Margaret Maultasch may easily be + discovered by the hideous conformation of her mouth, and her eyes + which glow with sensual desires. The singular arms which may be + seen over the gates of Halle, but too plainly betoken the + shameful and licentious character of this insatiable female." + +Where can I read the life of this "hideous" personage? And what are the +arms alluded to? She was Duchess of Tyrol, and her portrait is in the +Chateau d'Eu; but I have never seen an engraving. + + G. CREED. + +18. _Test of Strength of a Bow._--What is the test of the strength of a +_bow_? + +Does the distance the bow throws the arrow increase in ratio to its +strength? + +What was the length of the bows used in the good old times? _Were the +bows then made of more than one piece?_ Is there any advantage in having +bow of _more_ than _two_ pieces? + +What wood _were_ the _arrows_ made of? + + TOXOPHILUS. + +19. _Vox Populi._--I have a copper coin in my cabinet (halfpenny size) +which I shall be glad to have explained. + +The obverse has a bust laureate in profile to the left, with the letter +"P." close to the nose. The bust appears to be of some popular Irish +leader in 1760, as it is not like either to George II.'s or George +III.'s busts; and the legend "Voce Populi." + +Reverse: The figure of Hibernia seated, with an olive branch in her +right hand, and a spear in her left; also a harp at her side. Legend: +"Hibernia." Exergue, "1760." + + J. N. C. + +20. _Meaning of Whig and Tory._--May I beg sufficient space in your +journal to inquire for the _exact etymology_ of the terms "Whig" and +"Tory?" We all know the exact time when these first came into use. We +all understand precisely the meaning of the terms "Conservative," +"Liberal," "Radical," "Peelite," "Protectionist," all of which, with the +exception of Peelite, are equally applicable to things not political; +but Whig and Tory can only be used in this one sense. From whence then +their derivation? + + A CLERK OF THE HOUSE. + +21. "_Fortune, Infortune, Fort une._"--In the church of Notre Dame de +Brou, near the town of Bourg, in the department de l'Ain, the following +inscription is engraved on the tomb of Marguerite d'Autriche, the wife +of Philibert le Beau, Prince of Savoy:-- + + "Fortune, Infortune, Fort une." + +In this epitaph, the first two words are intelligible enough, and allude +to certain reverses of fortune which had chequered the life of the +princess; but the expression _fort une_ reads somewhat enigmatical, and +I shall be obliged to any of your readers who can give the meaning of +it. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + + St. Lucia, June, 1851. + +22. _Unde derivatur Stonehenge._--Antiquaries and topographers +generally (Stukeley and Sir R.C. Hoare included) have been +hitherto content to consider this word as a compound of _stan_ +and _henge_, Anglo-Saxon;--that is, "hanging stone." Now +this etymology of the word has always appeared to me very +unsatisfactory. The cross stones do not hang; they lie on the +uprights, and are kept in their places by mortice holes. An +ingenious friend of mine has, by what I consider a happy train of +reasoning, arrived at another and a better conclusion. Every one +knows that our German ancestors used the word _horse_ adjectively. +And we still have it so in use to designate many things as the +largest of their kind; as _horse-chestnut_, _horse-daisey_, +_horse-mushroom_, _horse-emmet_, &c. &c. _Horsa_ and _hengst_ or +_hengist_, are convertible terms or if any difference, the latter +word is used for _stallion_. If so, then, is it not reasonable to +suppose that the stones of this Druid temple would provoke the +largest idea of magnitude, and thence be called Stone-Hengst, or +more euphoniously, Stone-henge,--stallion stones? + + P. P. + +23. _Marriage of Bishops._--I should feel obliged to any of your +correspondents who would supply me with an example from early Church +history of a bishop or priest marrying after ordination. + +Deacons were expressly allowed to marry by the Council of Ancyra; but I +should wish an example of either of the others. + +Marriage after priestly ordination is now forbidden by the Greek church, +and since the Council of Trullo bishops must be celibate or continent. + +Second Query--What evidence is there that bishops in early times, if +already married, were obliged to put away their wives? It is said that +St. Gregory Nazianzen's father had children after he was raised to the +episcopate. Can this be proved, and are there other instances? + +From the silence of early Church writers as to any difference between +the clergy and laity on this point, I am much inclined to believe that +the Roman requirement of celibacy was then confined to the bishopric of +Rome itself, and the immediately adjoining country. + +St. Paul, in 1 Cor. ix.5., says: + + "Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as the + other apostles, and as the brethren of the Lord and Cephas?" + +implying that he had power to marry even then; and our Saviour speaks of +continence as a gift given only to certain persons. (St. Matthew, chap. +xix. ver. 11, 12.) + + A. B. C. + + Edinburgh, July 10. 1851. + +24. _The Sign [P]._--What is the meaning, and whence the origin of the +sectional sign [P], so much used in the Bible, and also at the head of +the rubrical instructions in the Book of Common Prayer? + + P. P. + +25. _Early German Virgil._--I should like to know if the following name +is that of a well-known publisher; and whether the book, from which I +take the name, is known? also, whether it is very rare, and of literary +value? "_Gedruckt zu Frankfurt am Main durch David Zoepffeln zum Eisern +Huth, 1559._" + +I find this at the end of a curious German translation of Virgil into +verse--short and easy flowing. + +There is a summary in verse, and a quaint engraving to every book. Bound +in wood and leather. It has many odd peculiarities too long to mention. + +In the Preface, this is said to be the _second_ edition, that the first +was published "many years ago, by a learned man." It must have been +published about the same time as _Bishop Gawain (or Gawin) Douglas's_, +and is something like it. + + R. S. T. + +26. _Fairlight Church._--In Diplock's _New Guide to Hastings, St. +Leonard, and the Neighbourhood_, which, unfortunately, like most other +works of this class, is worse than useless to the architectural visitor, +it is stated that the old church at Fairlight, which was taken down not +very long since, "was a small but ancient structure, apparently of the +early part of the _thirteenth century_: it consisted of a chancel, nave, +and square tower, and _was built of brick_." + +Can any of your readers inform a visitor here whether this is a correct +description? + + ARUN. + + St. Leonard's on Sea. + +27. _The Leman Baronetcy._--I shall be extremely obliged by any account +as to the succession of the disputed Leman Baronetcy or estates. Sir +William Leman, of Northaw (or Northall), Herts, was, I believe, the last +of that designation, and up to the present time doubts exist as to the +heir male or other descendants, although great property and possessions +are in abeyance or at stake. + + H. M. + +28. _Armorial Bearings._--Can any of your correspondents inform me to +what family the following arms belonged: Sa. a lion ramp. or, betw. +three fleur-de-lys ermine. Crest, a sea-horse. Motto, "Fortior vi +virtus." + +The above arms are painted on the portrait of a gentleman wearing a +ruff, temp. James I., in the possession of my family, and I am anxious +to ascertain who it represents. + + F. J. B. + + Winchester. + +29. "_History of Magnetical Discovery._"--In the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +for April 1840, I find the following notice: + + "Thomas Stephens Davies, Esq., Fellow of the Royal Societies of + London and Edinburgh, Professor of Mathematics in the Royal + Military Academy at Woolwich, and Author of the _History of + Magnetical Discovery_, &c. &c." + +Being interested in all that concerns the late Mr. Davies, I shall feel +much obliged to any one who will state where I can find the _History_ +here alluded to. I may add that I am acquainted with his papers on +"Terrestrial Magnetism," published in the London _Philosophical +Transactions_ for 1835-6; but since they do not much partake of the +character of "History," they can scarcely be the papers intended. + + T. T. W. + + Burley, Lancashire. + +30. _George Chalmers._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what +became of the MSS. of the late Mr. George Chalmers? + +On the titles of many of the older poets and dramatists of Scotland I +have met with his notes referring evidently to some MS. list of the +lives of such writers in his possession. My inquiry has reference, +therefore, more particularly to the MS. in question, which has not, I +think, been published. + + J. O. + +31. _Mistake as to an Eclipse._-- + + "Some," says Meric Casaubon, "have been deceived in the hour [of + an eclipse], as in the eclipse that happened _April 3, 1605_; + about which some very able artists are noted to have mistaken; and + the reason is given by astronomers how such a mistake might + happen." + +Such is my "Note;" but I cannot just now give the reference. I will +answer for its accuracy. Can any one give some account of that eclipse, +and state the reasons alleged why "such a mistake might happen?" + + VARRO. + +32. _Statue of Mrs. Jordan._--In visiting Chantrey's studio some years +since, in company with a sculptor still living, we received from Mr. +Allan Cunningham a similar account to that which MR. PETER CUNNINGHAM +has given, that is to say, that the design was _Stodhart's_, of which, +indeed, it bore too certain evidence. + +Chantrey was engaged at that time upon a colossal equestrian figure of +Sir Thomas Picton, destined, I believe, for India. On that visit I was +singularly impressed with the gracefulness and beauty of the statue of a +female figure with three children; one was at her breast, and in the +curled head of another at her feet was the mother's hand enfolded. On +the pedestal of the statue was this inscription: + + "Sacred to the memory of Norah Bland." + +I learnt from Mr. Cunningham that this was the statue of Mrs. Jordan, +and was executed for William IV., and that there was some difficulty +respecting its place of reception. What is become of this noble work of +art? The little boy amongst whose curls the mother's hand played, was +the late Earl of Munster. + + JAMES CORNISH. + + Falmouth. + +33. "_A Posie of other Men's Flowers._"--Can any of your readers refer +me to the following passage?-- + + "I have cull'd me a posie of other men's flowers, and nothing, save + the string that binds them, is mine own." + + D. Q. + +34. _Sir Edmund Ployden or Plowden._--I am desirous of obtaining +information respecting Sir Edmund Ployden or Plowden, who (according to +a tract published at Middleburg in Holland, in 1648, by a writer signing +himself "Beauchamp Plantagenet") received a grant of land from the crown +of England, covering portions of the present states of Maryland, +Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York. Of this province, +which was called New Albion, the grantee was "Lord Proprietor," "Earl +Palatine," "Governor," and "Captain General." Your assistance I venture +to ask, as this is a matter of historical interest here. + + A TRANSATLANTIC READER. + + Philadelphia, July, 1851. + +35. _Pope's Translations or Imitations of Horace_ (Vol. i., p. +230.).--As you have, I hope, very largely increased the number of +readers and contributors since I asked the question above referred to, +and as it has as yet received no answer, I hope you will allow me to +repeat it, in the hope that some of your new correspondents may be able +to tell me what satirical "_Imitation of Horace_" can have been, so +early as 1716, attributed to Pope? + +I would also, on the same grounds, beg leave to repeat another question, +formerly proposed by P. C. S. S. and by myself (Vol. i, pp. 201. 246.): +What is the precise meaning of the last couplet of these lines of Pope: + + "The hero William, and the martyr Charles, + One knighted Blackmore and one pensioned Quarles, + _Which made old Ben and surly Dennis swear, + 'No Lord's anointed, but a Russian bear.'_" + +That Pope had a precise meaning cannot be doubted; but I have never +heard a reasonable guess at what it might be. + + C. + +36. _John Bodley._--Among the Parker MSS. in Corpus Library at Cambridge +is a patent of Queen Elizabeth to John Bodeleigh to print the English +Bible for seven years. + +In the list of translators of the Bible in 1611, as given in the +Introduction to Jameson's _Glossary of the Holy Scriptures_, appears the +name "Burleigh, M.A.," but without any biographical notice, as in the +other instances. + +In Burn's _Livre des Anglois a G[/e]n[\e]ve_, it is stated that John +Bodleigh, the father of the celebrated Sir Thomas Bodley, was one of the +translators of the Bible. + +Can any of your readers throw light on the history of either of these +men, or kindly point to any sources of information respecting them? + + S. S. S. + +37. _Dr. Thomas Johnson._--Can your readers give me _any_ particulars of +_Dr. Thomas Johnson_, the editor of _Gerarde's Herbal_? I do not require +such information as I can obtain concerning him in Wood's _Athenae +Oxonienses_, or Pulteney's _Sketches of Botany_; but I especially wish +for some information relative to his place of burial, and whether there +is any monumental or other record of its whereabout. He died from a +wound he received during a _sortie_ from Basing House on the 14th of +September, 1644. + + GAMMA. + +38. "_You Friend drink to me Friend._"--Can you inform me in what +collection of glees I shall find an old one, the burden or chorus of +which is-- + + "The more we love good liquor, the merrier we shall be?" + +I think the first line is-- + + "You friend drink to me friend, and I friend drink to thee." + + AN M. D. + +39. _The Latin Termination "aster."_--Can any of your correspondents +tell me why the termination _aster_ is used in a depreciatory sense in +Latin, as _poetaster_, a bad poet; _oleaster_, the wild olive; +_pinaster_, the wild pine? With regard to this latter substantive, I +have seen the mistake made in a descriptive catalogue of the pine +species, of calling this the _star pine_; but I have no doubt that it +was named _pinaster_, as inferior to the stone pine, or _Pinus pinea_, +which embellishes the Italian gardens, while the _pinaster_ flourishes +on the mountains and the sea-coast. + +Probably other examples may be found where the terminal _aster_ is used +in a similar sense. + + A BORDERER. + +40. _Portrait of Dryden._--Can any of your correspondents or readers +inform me where any _undoubted_ original portrait of John Dryden is to +be found? Malone, Dryden's biographer, enumerates seven or eight +portraits, and he states where they were in 1800. I am aware that two +are in the Bodleian Gallery at Oxford, the one stated by Malone "painter +unknown;" and the other alleged to be by Kneller; but I do not consider +the latter to be an original. I wish more particularly to know who has a +_half-length_ original portrait. Dryden was painted by Kneller, +Closterman, and Riley. + + BEVILLE. + +41. _Inscription on a Claymore out in 1745._--On the retreat of the +Highland army from England in 1746, Prince Charles Edward and his staff +passed through Dumfries, and slept in a house now known as the +Commercial Inn. + +After their departure there was found a light claymore, apparently the +property of an officer; and as it was never claimed, it remained in the +house for some years, and ultimately came into my possession. It is +formed of the finest tempered steel, and bears the following very +curious inscription on one side, + + [x] GOTT BEWAR DE; + +and on the other, + + [x] VERECHTE SCHOTTEN. + +Some of your learned correspondents will oblige by giving a translation, +and a reason for such an inscription on a Scottish sword. + + T. M. W. + + Liverpool. + + + + +Replies. + + +DE REBUS SEPTENTRION ALIBUS. + +At page 371. of Vol. iii. I addressed a Query as to the best mode of +reaching Iceland. I have since ascertained that the principal +communication with Iceland is from Copenhagen; whence during the season +sail a monthly packet, sundry trading-vessels, and sometimes a Danish +frigate. Danish vessels also call at Hull and Liverpool to load with +salt for Iceland. The Norwegian trade thither has ceased since 1814, and +it has now scarcely any intercourse except with Denmark. A few dirty +smacks of fifty or sixty tons, from the Thames and another place or two, +resort there to fish, they do not go into port. There is no further mode +of reaching that interesting and remarkable island, except per yacht, or +by one of the steam-excursions which are occasionally advertised in _The +Times_. The Danish steamers mentioned in Murray's _Guide-book_ have +discontinued running. + +Murray gives but little respecting, Iceland, but that little is good. +The best book on it that I have met with is, _An Historical and +Descriptive Account of Iceland, Greenland, and the Far[:o]e Islands, +with Illustrations of their Natural History_, by James Nicol: Oliver and +Boyd, Edinburgh, 1844. It embodies the substance of all the best +information in small space. The last published English visit to Iceland +seems to be that of Barrow in 1835 but a much more recent account has +been published in German by that enterprising lady Ida Pfeiffer, of a +voyage she made there. An interesting statement of the diseases and +sanatory condition of Iceland is found in the _British and Foreign +Medico-Chirurgical Review_ for 1850, vol v., being a notice of a work +entitled, _Island unders[:o]gt fra laegevidenskabeligt Synspunct_, by +Dr. Schleisner, Fellow of the Royal Medical Society of Copenhagen, who +went to Iceland purposely to examine into its medical condition. + +Of works on Norway, Murray's _Hand-book_ is the best, and contains a +list of books on Scandinavia published up to 1848. Besides these, there +are the following:-- + +1. _Scandinavian Sketches; or, a Tour in Norway._ By Lieutenant Breton, +R.N. + +2. Wittich's _Visit to the Western Coast of Norway_: London, 1848. +Contains accurate physical descriptions of the country. + +3. Forester's _Norway in 1848 and 1849_: London, 1850. Conveys to the +mind an excellent and very complete picture of Norwegian scenery, +travelling, manners and customs, &c., and gives much valuable +information. The plates are very truthful and characteristic. + +4. Ross's _Yacht Voyage to Norway_ is not worth much; and + +5. Jones's _Angler's Guide to Norway_ is worth less. + +6. Barrow's _Visit to Iceland by way of Trondhjem in 1834_ contains much +about some parts of Norway. + +Written in Norwegian, and published in Christiania, is a fine work +entitled, _Norge Fremstillet i Tegninger_, 1848. The "Tegninger" are +lithographs, eighty-two in number, and well executed and the +descriptions are highly interesting. There is also now publishing a +series of coloured plates of the Norwegian costumes, denominated _Norske +Nationaldragter tegnede efter Naturen af forskjellige Norske kunstnere, +og ledsagede med en oplysende Text_: Christiania, 1850. The plates are +highly coloured, and the letter-press is in Norsk, German, and English. +Mr. Schirmer of Christiania is also publishing a series of magnificent +architectural drawings of the old cathedrals of Norway. There are +several excellent maps of Norway, of which Munch's is the best but the +only geological map is a very large and complicated one in many sheets, +I think by Professor Keilhau. On the botany of Norway there are, +Hartmann, _Handbok i Skandinaviens Flora_: Stockholm, 1843, and Lund, +_Haandbog i Christianias phanerogame Flora_: Christiania, 1846. The +Danish pharmacopoeia is still employed by the Norwegian apothecaries. On +the dreadful disease found in the Bergen-Stift, called _Elephantiasis +Graecorum_, or _Spedalskhed_, Doctors Danielssen and Boeck have put +forth a work in French and Norwegian, embodying an immense deal of +research and information, accompanied with an Atlas of twenty-four +coloured plates. They consider this disease to be identical with the +leprosy of Scripture. Their book was published in 1847; and contains +references to every known account of the disease up to that date, in a +bibliographical list of great length. An article upon it, comprehending +a short but complete account of the disease, may be found in the +_British and Foreign Med. Chir. Review for 1850_, vol. v. + +Of Norwegian national songs and music, there are, besides Lindeman's +_Norske Field-Melodier_, the following publications:-- + +1. _Folke Sange og Melodier, Faedrelandske og Fremmelse, udsalte for +Pianoforte_, 1844. + +2. _Sangsamling for Norske Selskabskredse: udgiven af det Norske +Studenter-samfund_: Christiania, 1839. The students of the Christiania +University have much taste for music, and are very fond of singing in +parts and choruses. + +3. _Scandinaviske Folkesange udsalte for Pianoforte af Niels W. Gade._ + +4. _Norske Viser og Stev i Folkesproget. Anden Udgave_: Christiania, +1848. This contains forty-three national ballads, mostly in provincial +dialects, and consequently very difficult to translate but, in many +respects, extremely curious, referring to the manners, customs, and +superstitions of the peasantry. The new edition is edited by P. A. +Munch, Professor of History in the University of Christiania. The notes +of some national airs are added at the end. + +Professor Munch also published in 1850, _Symbolae ad Historiam +Antiquiorem Rerum Norvegicarum. I. Breve Chronicon Norvegiae. II. +Genealogia Comitum Orcadensium. III. Catalogus Regum Norvegiae. E. +Codice quoad magnam partem hactenus inedito, et in orcadibus, ut +videtur, medio saeculo XVto conscripto._ Appended to it is the following +curious genealogy:-- + + "Stemma, originem celsissimae principis LUDOVICAE, futurae + Principis nostri uxoris, nec non VICTORIAE, augustissimae + Britanniarum reginae, a _Sancto Olao_, patrono Norvegiae, + illustrans." + + "SANCTUS OLAUS, rex Norveg., ob. 1030, pr. kal. Sept. Uxor + | Astrida, filia _Olai_ regis Sveciae. + _Ulfhilda_, mar. _Ordulfus_, dux Saxoniae, ob. 1074. + | + _Magnus_, dux Sax. ob. 1106. + | + _Ulfhilda_, mar. _Henricus Niger_, dux Bavariae. + | + _Henricus Superbus_, dux Bavariae et Saxoniae, ob. 1130. + | + _Henricus Leo_, id. ob. 1195. + | + _Wilhelmus_, dux, ob. 1213. + | + _Otto Puer_, dux Brunsvico-Luneburgensis, ob. 1252. + | + _Albertus Magnus_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1279. + | + _Albertus pinguis_, dux Br. G[:oe]ttingen, ob. 1318. + | + _Magnus pius_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1368. + | + _Magnus Torquatus_, dux Brunsv. ob. 1373. + | + +----------+---------------+ + | | + _Bernhardus_, dux Lun. _Henricus_, dux Br. + | ob. 1434. | ob. 1416. + _Fridericus pius_, id. _Wilhelmus victoriosus_, dux + | ob. 1478. | Br. ob. 1482. + _Otto Magnanimus_, id. _Wilhelmus junior_, dux Br. + | ob. 1471. | Guelferb. ob. c. + | | 1500. + _Henricus junior_, id. _Henricus malus_, dux Br. + | ob. 1532. | Guelf. ob. 1514. + _Ernestus_, d. Cellae, _Henricus junior_, id. ob. + | ob. 1546. | 1575. + _Wilhelmus junior_, d. Lun. _Julius_, id. ob. 1589. + | ob. 1592. | + _Georgius_, id. _Henricus Julius_, id. ob. + | ob. 1641. | 1613. + _Ernestus Augustus_, _Sophia Hedviga_, ob. 1642, + | Elector Hannov. | nupta _Ernesto + | 1698. | Casimiro_, Com. de + | | Nassau-Dietz. + _Georgius I._ rex Brit. _Wilhelmus Fridericus_, com. + | ob. 1727. | de N.-D. vicerex + | | Fresiae, ob. 1664. + _Georgius II._ rex Br. _Henricus Casimirus_, pr. de + | ob. 1760. | Nassau-Dietz, v. + | | Fresiae, ob. 1696. + Fridericus Ludovicus, _Johannes Willelmus Friso_, + | princ. Brit. | pr. de Nassau-Dietz, + | ob. 1751. | vic. her. Fresiae, + | | ob. 1711. + _Georgius III._ rex Br. _Willelmus Carolus Henricus + | ob. 1820. | Friso_, pr. + | | Arausionensis, vic. + | | her. Bat. ob. 1751. + _Edwardus Augustus_, dux _Willelmus V._ pr. + | Cantiae, | Arausionensis, vic. + | ob. 1820. | her. Bat. ob. 1806. + VICTORIA, regina _Willelmus I._ rex Bat. ob. + Britanniarum. | 1843. + | + +------------+------------+ + | | + _Willelmus II._ _Willelmus Fridericus + | rex Bat. | Carolus_, + | ob. 1849. | pr. Bat. + WILLELMUS III. WILLELMINA FRIDERICA + rex Bat. ALEXANDRINA, Anna + Ludovica, nata 5 Aug. + 1828." + +Further elucidating the ancient history of Scandinavia are the following +works:-- + +_Fagskrinna. Kortfaltet Norsk Konge-Saga fra slutningen af det 12te +eller begyndelsen af det 13de aarhundrede. Udgivet af P. A. Munch, +Professor i Historie, og C. R. Unger, Stipendiat i Nordisk +Sprogvidenskab_: Christiania, 1847. In Icelandic, with Norwegian +introduction and notes. _C. M. Falsen, Geografisk Beskrivelse over +Kongeriget Norge og Udsigt over dets aeldre Historie, som Indledning til +Norges udf[:o]rlige Historie_, 1821; and _Norges Historie under Kong +Harald Haarfager og hans mandlige Descendenter_, 1824, by the same +author. + +The various works and sources of information above mentioned will be +found to lead on to many others, so that it will not be difficult for +those who wish it, and can afford the time, to enter fully into the +highly interesting and curious history of the North--a subject which +once entered upon is not easy to quit. The literature of Scandinavia is +considerable: although that of Denmark and of Norway is less known, +distinctively, in this country, than the Swedish portion; partly, no +doubt, because the semi-barbarous Gothic character is still much used +instead of the clearer Roman type. English literature is much liked in +Norway, and they have translations of Scott, Bulwer, Laing, Washington +Irving, and some others. + +I am very anxious to obtain information on the unanswered points +referred to at page 370. + + WILLIAM E.C. NOURSE. + +_Postscriptum._--In enumerating recent works on Iceland and the North, I +omitted to mention Dillon's _Winter in Iceland and Lapland_, 2 volumes, +London, 1840 an excellent work not sufficiently known. + +The trading vessels to Iceland are exceedingly rough and dirty. The +Dart, Madeira packet, a fine brig of 350 tons, will probably go thither +this summer with passengers. + + W. E. C. N. + + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.) + +MR. BOLTON CORNEY having favoured your readers with "a notice of some of +the statements" contained in my article above-named, I deem it a duty +incumbent upon myself to make a few remarks upon these "notices," which +I shall do in the briefest manner possible. + +The object of my paper was to call attention to a forgotten poet, and to +endeavour to obtain some information regarding the locality of his +manuscripts. Had I been writing the life of Hugh Holland, I should, of +course, have investigated the dates of his biography and works more +fully than it was necessary to do for a trifling article like that in +question. But, as it is, the facts and dates which I have given are all +derived from creditable and well-known sources and all the facts and +dates in question are the _facts and dates_ of older writers than +myself, as will appear by the following. + +1. "He was born at Denbigh in 1558." He was born at Denbigh, but not in +1558. In 1625 he thus expressed himself: + + "Why was the fatall spinster so vnthrifty? + To draw my third four yeares to tell and fifty!" + +_Answer._ Where are these lines taken from, and what do they mean? What +is the proof that they relate to _Hugh Holland_? "Hugh Holland, an +esquire's son of Denbighshire," was matriculated at Baliol College, +Oxford, anno 1582, aged twenty-four. My authority is Wood's _Athenae_, +edit. Bliss, vol. ii. p. 560. + +2. He did not quit Westminster school till 1589. If ever he pursued his +studies at Baliol College, it was some ten years afterwards. + +_Answer._ Who says he did not quit Westminster school till 1589?--Joseph +Welch, or MR. BOLTON CORNEY? Allowing it to be the former, are all +Welch's dates correct? I have Wood's authority that Hugh Holland +matriculated at Baliol in 1582. + +3. "About 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge." In 1589 he was elected from Westminster to a _scholarship_ +in Trinity College, Cambridge--not to a _fellowship_. At a later period +of life he may have succeeded to a fellowship. + +_Answer._ My words are, "_about_ 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship." MR. +CORNEY adds, "In 1589" he was elected to a _scholarship_. I must again +refer to honest old Wood, who expressly says that he was a _fellow_ of +Trinity College. + +4. "Holland published two works: 1. _Monumenta Sepulchralia Sancti +Pauli_, Lond. 1613, 4to. 2. _A Cypress Garland_, &c., Lond. 1625, 4to." +Hugh Holland was not the compiler of the first-named work: the initials +H. H. admit of another interpretation. + +_Answer._ Why does not MR. CORNEY give your readers his interpretation +of the mysterious "H. H.?" One Henry Holland was the author of _A Booke +of Kings, being the true Effigies of our English Kings_, &c.: Lond. +1618, 4to. Is this the interpretation? If so, I ask for the proof. + +5. The dates assigned to the _Monumenta Sancti Pauli_ are "1613, 1616, +1618, and 1633." Here are three errors in as many lines. The _first_ +edition is dated in 1614. The edition of 1633, which is entitled +_Ecclesia Sancti Pauli illustrata_, is the _second_. No other editions +exist. + +_Answer._ The edition of 1614 was certainly the first, and that of 1633 +_certainly_ the second. In the preface to the latter the author says, +"My first collection of these Monumentall Epitaphs I published anno +1614, full nineteen yeeres sithence." My authority, however, for the +"three errors in as many lines" is Cole's Collections for an _Athenae +Cantabrigenses_. (See Brydges _Restituta_, vol. iii p. 215.) + +6. "Holland also printed a copy of Latin verses before Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632." No such work exists. He may have printed verses before +the _Roxana_ of W. Alabaster, who was his brother-collegian. + +_Answer._ My authority again is Cole's Collections in _Restituta_, vol. +iii. p. 215, where, under the head of "Hugh Holland, fellow of Trinity +College," is this line: "Has a copy of Latin verses before Dr. +Alexander's _Roxana_, 1632." I shall therefore leave the shade of Cole +and MR. BOLTON CORNEY to settle the question as to whether any such work +exists. + +I have now disposed of the six statements, and have only to add, that +the authorities which I have consulted are those which I have named. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + +"PRENZIE" IN "MEASURE FOR MEASURE" + +(Vol. iii., p. 522) + +The suggestion of _primzie_ is too ingenious, and too apparently happy, +to be passed over without adducing some reason for refusing to give it +the preference to Tieck's reading of _precise_. + +The terminal adjuncts _zie_, _sie_, _some_, generally imply some playful +diminutive variation of the original word, certainly they never add +force or gravity to it: _prim_, in itself, is a diminutive of +_primitive_, and applies more to external appearance than to internal +character. I do not think, therefore that even _prim_ would be a word +sufficiently dignified for the situation and context; much less is its +diminutive _primsie_. + +It seems to me that the character of Angelo is generally mistaken; he is +too often looked upon as a mere hypocrite, whereas Shakspeare depicts +him, before his fall, as a rigid but _sincere_ ascetic. This view of his +character accounts for his final condemnation of Claudio: he has no +mercy for _the crime_, even while committing it himself; and he was just +the man who, had he escaped detection, would probably have passed the +remainder of his life in the exercise of self-inflicted penance. + +Viewing Angelo, therefore, as a man proverbial for rigidly virtuous +conduct; who stood "at a guard with envy;" who challenged scrutiny; and +who was above the tongue of slander; I do not think that _primsie_ can +be looked upon as an appropriate designation in the mouth of Claudio. He +would use some word in the greatest possible contrast to the infamous +conduct Isabella was imputing to Angelo: _primsie_ would be weak and +almost unmeaning, and, as such, I will not receive it as Shakespeare's, +so long as the choice of a better remains. + +Does not Shakspeare, by his frequent repetition of _precise_, in this +play, seem purposely to stamp it with that peculiar signification +necessary to his meaning, that is, rigidly virtuous? Another example of +it, not, I believe, before noticed, is where Elbow describes his "two +notorious benefactors" as "precise villains," "void of all profanation +that good Christians ought to have." + +The humour of this is in the contrast afforded by Elbow's association of +incongruous and inconsistent terms, causing Escalus to exclaim, "Do you +hear how he misplaces?" _Precise_ therefore in this place also requires +a meaning as opposite as possible to villany, something _more_ than +formal, in order that the humour may be fully appreciated. + +With respect to Halliwell's quotation from Fletcher's poems, it +certainly confers upon _prin_ a very different meaning from any that +_prim_ is capable of receiving: the context requires _prin_ to have some +signification akin to _fleshless_; like "bodyes at the resurrection, +just rarifying into ayre." _Prin_, in this sense, would seem to have +some relation to _pine_, since _pin_ and _prin_ were synonymous. + + A. E. B. + + Leeds, July, 1851 + + +THE TEN COMMANDMENTS + +(Vol. iii, pp. 166, 230, 412.) + +The earliest divisions of the Decalogue are those of Josephus (_Ant. +Jud._, lib. iii. c. v. s. 5.), the Chaldee Paraphrase of Jonathan, and +_Philo-Judaeus de Decem Oraculis_. According to the two former, the 3rd +verse of Exod. xx., "Thou shalt have no other gods but me," contains the +first commandment, the 4th, 5th, and 6th, the second. Philo makes the +Preface or Introduction to be a distinct commandment, as do also St. +Jerome and Hesychius. The two latter make what we call the first and +second to be the second only; but Philo does not recite the words "Thou +shalt have no other gods but me;" and whether he understood them in the +first or the second, does not hence appear. The same uncertainty is +found in Athanasius in _Synopsi S. Scripturae_. + +It may however be inferred, from these two writers giving the +commencement only of the other commandments, that they made the +prohibition, "Thou shalt not make," &c., in the same manner the +commencement of the second; and therefore joined the other, "Thou shalt +have," &c., to the words "I am the Lord thy God." + +Those which we call the first and second were united by St. Augustine. + +The distinction made by Josephus and the Chaldee Paraphrast, separating +the two prohibitions, was adopted by the following early writers: Origen +(Hom. viii. in Exod.); Greg. Nazianzen (_Carmina, Mosis Decalogus_) +Irenaeus (lib. ii. c. xlii.); Ambrose (in _Ep. ad Ephes._ c. vi.). + +The Jews divide the Decalogue thus: + + 1. I am.... + 2. Thou shalt not have.... + 3. Thou shalt not take.... + +But in the field of speculation, the Jews have followed a variety of +systems for dissecting the Decalogue, as may be seen in Abarvanel in the +Pericope "Jethro," and in Voisin's _Prooemium ad Martini Pugionem +Fidei_. + +The following authors may be consulted on the arguments which have been +adduced to support their respective divisions by the Church of Rome and +the Lutherans on the one side, and the Reformers or Calvinists and the +Church of England on the other. + +1. Church of Rome.--Gother's _Papist Misrepresented_; Godden's +_Catholics No Idolaters_; _Gotti Vera Ecclesia Christi_. + +2. Lutherans.--_Salmuthi Theses_; _Winckelmanni Dissertatio, &c._; +_Crameri de distinguendo decalogo, &c._; _Franzii Disputatio_; _Weimari +Demonstratio_; _Opitii Dissertatio de usu accentuationis geminae in +genuina divisione decalogi_; _Dasdorfii Dissertatio de decalogo, ex +fundamento accentuum examinato_; _Hackspanii Notae Philologicae in varia +loca S. Scripturae_; _Pfeifferi Opera_ (_cent._ 1.). + +3. Reformers.--_Sam. Bohlii vera divisio decalogi ex infallibili +principio accentuationis._ + +In reference to this argument, which is used by both parties, I have +been favoured with the following remarks by a learned professor of +languages, of the Jewish faith: + + "On the subject of your inquiry, the accents do not appear to me + to offer any decision. They show which words are to be connected + with each other to make up one proposition; but not how many + propositions shall go to make up one commandment." + +4. The Church of England.--Ussher's _Answer to a Jesuit (Images), and +his Sermon preached before the Commons House of Parliament_, 1620; +Taylor's _Ductor Dubitantium_ (where, in connexion with the Romish +controversy, this subject is exhausted); Stillingfleet's _Replies to +Gother and Godden_; and _Forbesii Theologia Christiana_. + + T. J. + + +THE REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 321. 376.) + +Though your correspondent MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE has brought to our notice +the existence of the republic of San Marino, and informed us of many +facts in connexion therewith, and though F. C. B. has enlightened us on +several points of interest in the history of this state, still I do not +find in either of these communications the following particulars of its +foundation, which are in Addison's _Remarks on Italy_, pp. 62, 63. (ed. +Talboys, 1830), and which may interest some of your readers. + + "San Marino was its founder, a Dalmatian by birth and by trade a + mason. He was employed above thirteen hundred years ago in the + reparation of Rimini, and after he had finished his work, retired + to this solitary mountain as finding it very proper for the life + of a hermit, which he led in the greatest rigours and austerities + of religion. He had not been long here before he wrought a reputed + miracle, which, joined with his extraordinary sanctity, gained him + so great an esteem that the princess of the country made him a + present of the mountain, to dispose of at his own discretion. His + reputation quickly peopled it, and gave rise to the republic which + calls itself after his name.... The best of their churches is + dedicated to the saint, and holds his ashes. His statue stands + over the high altar, with the figure of a mountain in its hands + crowned with three castles, which is likewise the arms of the + commonwealth. They attribute to his protection the long duration + of their state, and look on him as the greatest saint next the + blessed Virgin. I saw in their statute book a law against such as + speak disrespectfully of him, who are to be punished in the same + manner as those who are convicted of blasphemy." + + WALTER MONTAGU. + + +SHAKSPEARE'S USE OF "EISELL." + +(Vol. ii., pp. 241. 286. 329., &c.; Vol. iii., pp. 66. 119. 210., &c.) + +After so much has "been said on both sides," in the pages of "NOTES AND +QUERIES," on the signification of _eisill_ or _esil_ in _Hamlet_, it +appears to me that the evidence requires to be carefully summed up. This +task I would willingly leave to other hands; but since no correspondent +attempts it, I will venture, if I may be allowed, to take it on myself, +and will strive to perform it to the best of my ability. + +The question is, whether by the word under discussion we are to +understand _vinegar_ (or some such liquid) or _a river_. It will be +proper, in taking a view of the matter, to "begin from the beginning," +and to see, in the first place, what the earlier commentators have said. + +1. What the critics before Theobald thought of the word, is not quite +certain; but Theobald states that it had, "through all the editions, +been distinguished by Italic characters, as if it were the proper name +of a river; and so," he adds, "I dare say all the editors have from time +to time understood it to be." But not being able to satisfy himself what +river could be meant, he preferred to understand it of vinegar, and +interprets the passage, "Wilt thou swallow down large draughts of +vinegar?" + +2. Sir Thomas Hanmer, on the contrary, was so convinced that a river was +signified, that he actually altered the passage, _arbitrio suo_, to + + "Wilt drink up _Nile_? or eat a crocodile?" + +3. Johnson was silent, and left the explanation of the word to Steevens, +who, observing that Hamlet meant to rant (as he says he will), supposed +him to defy Laertes "to drink up a river, or try his teeth on an animal +whose scales are supposed to be impenetrable." The word, he thinks, may +be irrecoverably corrupted, but he finds plenty of rivers in Denmark of +a somewhat similar sound, any one of which should "serve Hamlet's turn." + +4. Malone, in his first edition, deeming that Hamlet was not speaking of +"impossibilities," but merely of "difficult or painful exertions," +decided on adhering to Theobald and his vinegar. But in his second +edition he repented, and expressed his conviction that "Mr. Steevens's +interpretation is the true one," remarking that "this kind of hyperbole +is common among our ancient poets." + +5. Steevens, before he published his second edition, read the +observations in favour of _vinegar_ given in Malone's first edition but, +though he allowed them to be "acute," was not moved by anything advanced +in them to depart from his opinion that a river was intended. + +6. Boswell followed Malone's second thoughts. + +7. Mr. Singer, in his edition printed in 1826, had so little notion that +_vinegar_ could be signified, that he does not even advert to a single +argument in behalf of that opinion, attending only to the consideration +"what river, lake, or firth, Shakspeare meant." + +8. Mr. Collier makes no decision, observing only that _eyesel_ is +certainly the old word for _vinegar_, but that there is considerable +doubt whether that be meant here and that "some of the commentators +suppose Hamlet to challenge Laertes to drink up the river Yssell or +Eisell." + +9. Mr. Knight favoured the river, remarking that "there is little doubt +that Shakspeare referred to the river Yssell, Issell, or Izel, the most +northern branch of the Rhine, and that which is nearest to Denmark." + +Thus we have, on the side of _vinegar_, Theobald, and Malone's first +edition, on the side of the _river_, Sir T. Hanmer, Steevens, Malone's +second edition, Boswell, Mr. Singer in 1826, and Mr. Knight; six against +two. I say nothing of Johnson, whom, however, we may consider to have +been favourable to Steevens; or of the earlier editors, who, according +to Theobald, printed the word in Italics as a proper name. + +So the matter remained; most readers, as well as critics, being, I +believe, of opinion that a river was intended, until MR. SINGER, in the +46th No. of "NOTES AND QUERIES," revived the notion that some kind of +drink was signified. + +10. Let us now consider what testimonies are advanced by the various +critics on behalf of each of these opinions. That _eysell_ (the 4to., +1604, reads _esil_, and the folio _esile_) was used as synonymous with +one kind of drink, viz. _vinegar_, is apparent from the following +authorities. Malone observes that it occurs in Chaucer and Skelton, and +also in Sir Thomas More, _Works_, p. 21., edit. 1557 + + ---- "with sowre pocion + If thou paine thy taste, remember therewithal + That Christ for thee tasted _eisil_ and gall." + +He also remarks that it is found in Minsheu's _Dictionary_, 1617, and in +Coles's _Latin Dictionary_, 1679. + +Shakspeare himself, as Farmer was the first to point out, has, in his +111th Sonnet, + + ---- "like a willing patient I will drink + Potions of _eysell_ 'gainst my strong infection; + No bitterness that I will bitter think, + Nor double penance to correct correction." + +From Chaucer, Richardson's _Dictionary_ supplies, + + "She was like thing for hunger deed + That lad her life only by breed + Kneden with _eisel_ strong and agre, + And thereto she was lean and megre." + + _Romaunt of the Rose._ + +and another passage thus: + + "Then these wretches full of all frowardnesse + Gave him to drink _eisel_ temp'red with gall." + + _Lamentation of Mary Magdalen._ + +Todd, also, in his edition of Johnson, says that the old English _aysel_ +for _vinegar_ is used by Wicliffe. + +11. Next comes the consideration whether, if _vinegar_ were intended, +the expression _drink up_ could properly have been used in reference to +it. On this point Theobald says nothing, except intimating that "drink +up" is equivalent to "swallow down." Steevens denies that if Shakspeare +had meant Hamlet to say, "Wilt thou drink vinegar?" he would have used +"the term _drink up_," which means "_totally to exhaust_." Malone, in +his first edition, remarks on the subject as follows: + + "On the phrase _drink up_ no stress can be laid, for our poet has + employed the same expression in his 114th Sonnet, without any idea + of entirely exhausting, and merely as synonymous to _drink_: + + 'Or whether doth my mind, being crowned with you, + _Drink up_ the monarch's plague, this flattery?' + + "Again, in the same Sonnet: + + ---- 'Tis flattery in my seeing + And my great mind most kingly _drinks_ it _up_.' + + "Again, in _Timon of Athens_: + + 'And how his silence _drinks up_ his applause.' + + "In Shakspeare's time, as at present, to _drink up_ often meant no + more than simply _to drink_. So in Florio's _Italian Dictionary_, + 1598: '_Sorbire_, to sip or _sup up_ any drink.' In like manner we + sometimes say, 'When you have _swallowed down_ this potion,' + though we mean no more than, 'When you have _swallowed_ this + potion.'" + +In his second edition, however, Malone abandoned his first +interpretation, and his remarks on _drink up_ then went for nothing. + +Discussion on this point has occupied some paragraphs in "NOTES AND +QUERIES." MR. SINGER, in his first paper (Vol. ii., p. 241.), asserts +that "_to drink up_ was commonly used for simply _to drink_." MR. +HICKSON, too (No. 51.), affirms that "_drink up_ is synonymous with +_drink off_, _drink to the dregs_," and observes that "a child taking +medicine is urged to _drink it up_." But H. K. S. C., or Mr. H. K. S. +CAUSTON, as he afterwards signs himself, denies that _drink up_ can be +used of _eysell_, or any other liquid, unless a _definite quantity_ of +it be signified; that is, you may say to any one, if you please, in +allusion to a _definite quantity of vinegar_, "Drink it up;" but if you +allude to _vinegar in general_, without limitation of quantity, you will +say merely, "Drink vinegar." So if you would ask your friend whether he +drinks wine or water, you would say, "Do you drink wine or water?" not +"Do you drink up wine or water?" which would be to ask him whether he +drinks up _all_ the wine or water in the world, or at least _all the +definite quantities of either_ that come within his reach. MR. SINGER +professes not to understand this doctrine, and refers MR. CAUSTON to the +nursery rhyme: + + "_Eat up_ your cake, Jenny, + _Drink up_ your wine," + +"which," he says, "may perhaps afford him further apt illustration;" but +which supplies, MR. CAUSTON rejoins, only another example that _drink +up_ is applied to definite quantity; a quantity which, in this case, is +"neither more nor less than the identical glass of wine which Jenny had +standing before her." The line in Shakspeare's 114th Sonnet is, MR. +CAUSTON adds, "a parallel passage." To _drink up_, therefore, he +concludes, must be used of "a noun implying _absolute entirety_, which +might be a river, but could not be grammatically applied to any +unexpressed quantity." In these remarks there seems to be great justness +of reasoning. MR. CAUSTON might also have instanced the lines: + + "Freely welcome to my cup, + Couldst thou sip, and sip it up:" + +that is, "couldst thou _go on sipping_ till thou hast _sipped up_, or +_entirely exhausted, the whole definite quantity_ in the cup." + +12. But MR. SINGER in 1850, differing so much from Mr. Singer in 1826 +(who thought that a river was signified), supposes that though a sort of +drink is intended, it is not _vinegar_, but _wormwood-wine_. To this +purpose he cites the lines of Shakspeare's 111th Sonnet, which we have +already transcribed: + + "Whilst like a willing patient I will drink + Potions of _eysell_ 'gainst my strong infection; + No _bitterness_ that I will bitter think + Nor double penance to correct correction." + +"Here we see," he observes, "that it was a _bitter potion_ which it was +a penance to drink." This does not seem to be clearly apparent from the +passage for it is not absolutely certain that the _bitterness_ in the +third line refers to the _eysell_ in the second. But he adds another +quotation from the _Troy Boke_ of Lydgate: + + "Of _bitter eysell_, and of eager wine." + +After which he subjoins: + + "Numerous passages in our old dramatic writers show that it was a + fashion with the gallants of the time to do some extravagant feat, + _as a proof of their love_, in honour of their mistresses; and + among others, the swallowing some nauseous potion was one of the + most frequent: but vinegar would hardly have been considered in + this light; _wormwood_ might. In Thomas's _Italian Dictionary_, + 1562, we have 'Assentio, _Eysell_;' and Florio renders that word + [Assentio] by _Wormwood_. What is meant, however is _absinthites_, + or _wormwood wine_, a nauseously bitter medicament then much in + use; and this being evidently the _bitter potion_ of _eysell_ in + the poet's sonnet, was certainly the nauseous draught proposed to + be taken by Hamlet, among the other extravagant feats as tokens of + love." + +The reader will judge with what justice the words "evidently" and +"certainly" are used. MR. SINGER then cites Junius, but to little +purpose; Hutton's _Dictionary_, to prove that _absinthites_ meant +"wormwood-wine;" and Stuckius's _Antiquitates Convivales_ to show that +absinthites was a _propoma_; but Stuckius, be it observed, mentions this +_propoma_ only as a stomachic, _quod vim habet stomachum corroborandi et +extenuandi_. + +It is not surprising, therefore, that LORD BRAYBROOKE (Vol. ii., p. +286.) should quote against MR. SINGER'S theory the following paragraph: + + "If, as MR. SINGER supposes, '_Eisell_ was absinthites, or + wormwood-wine, a nauseously bitter medicament then much in use,' + Pepys's friends must have had a very singular taste, for he + records on the 24th of November, 1660: + + 'Creed, and Shepley, and I, to the Rhenish wine-house, and there I + did give them two quarts of wormwood wine.' + + "Perhaps the beverage was doctored for the English market, and + rendered more palatable than it had been in the days of Stuckius." + +Two other correspondents of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" also, C. H. (Vol. +iii., p. 508.) and GOMER (_ibid._), assert that _eysell_, if it means +any potion at all, must mean vinegar; C. H. referring to a MS. at +Cambridge (Dd. i. fol. 7.), date about 1350, in which occurs,-- + + "[Th]e iewis herde [th]is word wet alle + And anon _eysel_ [th]ei mengid wi[th] galle:" + +and GOMER relying on the support of the Welsh word _Aesell_, which +implies verjuice or vinegar. D. ROCK, too, adduces the 'Festival' in the +sermon for St. Michael's day: + + "And other angellis with h[=i] (St. Michael) shall bring all the + Instrum[=e]tis of our lordis passyon; the crosse; the crowne; + spere; nayles; hamer; sponge; _eyseel_; gall, &c." + +There is therefore, it appears, ample testimony to show that _eysell_ +was used for _vinegar_; but to prove that it meant _wormwood-wine_, MR. +SINGER'S instances seem insufficient. + +13. Before we proceed further, let us, supposing that no bitter or sour +potion, but a river, is meant, advert to the consideration what river +may be intended? Theobald observed that there was no river of that name +in Denmark, nor any resembling it in name but "_Yssel_, from which the +province of Overyssel derives its name in the German Flanders." +Steevens, however, is well content to take this _Yssel_ as that which +Hamlet had in his thoughts. "But," he adds, "in an old Latin account of +Denmark, and the neighbouring provinces, I find the names of several +rivers little differing from _Esil_ or _Eisill_ in spelling or +pronunciation. Such are the Essa, the Oesil, and some others.... The +poet," he further remarks, "might have written the Weisel; a +considerable river, which falls into the Baltic Ocean, and could not be +unknown to any prince in Denmark." MR. SINGER of 1826 suggests that the +_Issel_ is perhaps meant, but that the firth of _Iyze_ is nearest to the +scene of action. MR. KNIGHT has little doubt that the Yssell, Issell, or +Izel, the most northern branch of the Rhine, and that which is nearest +to Denmark, is signified. + +MR. HICKSON, indeed, who favours MR. SINGER'S wormwood-wine, says (Vol. +iii., p. 119.), that the word cannot mean a river, because the definite +article is omitted before it. But this is an assertion of very little +weight. H. K. S. C. (Vol. iii., p. 68.) very justly observes, that we +may as correctly say,--"Woul't drink up Thames?" without the article, as +"Woul't drink up Eisell?" without the article. Let MR. HICKSON call to +mind Milton's lines on English rivers: + + "And sullen Mole, that runneth underneath + And Severn swift, guilty of maiden's death," + +ending with-- + + "And Medway smooth, and royal-tower'd Thame," + +and ask himself whether the names of rivers are not with perfect +propriety used without the article. Pope has-- + + "And sails far off, among the swans of Thames." + +And is not Sir Thomas Hammer quite correct in expression, when he alters +the hemistich into "Wilt drink up _Nile_?" But to multiply examples on +such a point would be idle. + +14. It is now to be considered whether, supposing that the word might +mean _a potion_ (whether of _vinegar_ or _wormwood_) or _a river_, the +potion or the river is the more applicable to the passage in which it +occurs. It cannot be denied that the whole passage is full of rant and +extravagance. Laertes begins to rant, and Hamlet answers him in a +similar strain: + + "Now pile your dust (says Laertes) upon quick and dead, + Till of this flat a mountain you have made, + T' o'ertop old Pelion, or the skyish head + Of blue Olympus." + +This is surely extravagant enough. Hamlet retorts, in correspondent +tone,-- + + "What is he whose grief + _Bears such an emphasis_? whose phrase of sorrow + _Conjures the wand'ring stars, and makes them stand + Like wonder-wounded hearers_?" + +Then comes the struggles in which they are parted by the attendants +after which Hamlet cries out with like "emphasis:" + + "Why I will fight with him upon this theme + _Until my eye-lids can no longer wag_. + + ... + + I lov'd Ophelia; _forty thousand brothers_ + Could not, with all their quantity of love, + Make up my sum--what wilt thou do for her?" + +On which the king exclaims, with much reason, + + "O, he is mad, Laertes." + +Hamlet continues, as if to make his madness indisputable: + + "Zounds! show me what thoul't do: + Woul't weep? woul't fight? woul't fast? woul't tear thyself? + Woul't drink up _Esil_? eat a crocodile? + I'll do't. Dost thou come here to whine? + To outface me with leaping in her grave? + Be buried quick with her, and so will I: + And, if thou prate of mountains, let them throw + _Millions of acres on us_; till our ground, + _Singeing his pate against the burning zone, + Make Ossa like a wart! Nay, an thoul't mouth, + I'll rant as well as thou_." + +The queen justly observes: + + "This is _mere madness_." + +Hamlet goes off, but maintains his extravagance of language to the last: + + "Let Hercules himself do what he may, + The cat will mew, and dog will have his day." + +If, then, a literary jury be required to decide this question, the point +on which they have to give a verdict is, whether _to drink vinegar_ (or +wormwood-wine) or _to drink up a river_ is more in consonance with the +tenor of Hamlet's speech. Theobald indeed says, that "Hamlet is not +proposing any _impossibilities_ to Laertes, such as drinking up a river +would be, but rather seems to mean, Wilt thou resolve to do _things the +most shocking and distasteful to human nature_?" But on what ground does +this assertion rest? Laertes himself commences with what we may surely +call an impossibility: + + "Till of this flat," &c. + +And Hamlet speaks of more impossibilities, when he talks of throwing up +"millions of acres," to "make Ossa like a wart." The drinking up a +river is certainly more in unison with these extravagant proposals than +a defiance "to swallow down (as Theobald has it) large draughts of +vinegar;" or, as Malone gives it, "to drink a potion of vinegar." Such a +proposition, Theobald admits, "is not very grand;" "a challenge to +hazard a fit of the heartburn or the colic, is," says Steevens, "not +very magnificent." But it is not only far from "grand" and +"magnificent," but, what is worse, it is utterly tame and spiritless, in +a place where anything but tameness is wanted, and where it is, quite +out of keeping with the rest of the speech. MR. HICKSON, it is true, +says (Vol. ii, p. 329.), that "the notion of drinking up a river would +be quite unmeaning and out of place;" but this assertion is as +groundless as Theobald's, and is somewhat surprising from a gentleman +who exhorts those who would be critics "to master the grammatical +construction of a passage, deducing therefrom its general sense," and, +we may presume, its _general drift_, "before they attempt to fix the +meaning of a doubtful word." Had MR. HICKSON looked to the _general +drift_ of this passage, before he attempted to fix the meaning of +_eisell_, or to concur with MR. SINGER of 1850 in his attempt to fix it, +he would, we may suppose, have been less ready to pronounce the notion +of drinking up a river _out of place_. It would have been better for him +to have adhered to the judgment of Archdeacon Nares, as cited by MR. +SINGER (Vol. ii., p. 241.):--"The challenge to drink _vinegar_, in such +a rant," says the Archdeacon, "is so inconsistent, and even ridiculous, +that we must decide for the _river_, whether its name be exactly found +or not. To drink up a river, and eat a crocodile with his impenetrable +scales, are two things equally impossible. There is no kind of +comparison between the others." + +15. Though examples of similar rant are quite unnecessary to support +this opinion, let us nevertheless conclude by noticing those which the +critics have adduced on this passage: + + "This sort of hyperbole," says Malone, in his second edition, "was + common among our ancient poets. So, in Eastward Hoe, 1609: + + 'Come drink up Rhine, Thames, and Meander, dry.'. + + "So also in Greene's _Orlando Furioso_, 1599: + + 'Else would I set my mouth to Tigris' streames, + And drink up overflowing Euphrates.' + + "Again, in Marlowe's _Jew of Malta_: + + 'As sooner shalt thou drink the ocean dry, + Than conquer Malta.'" + +To which Boswell adds: + + "Our author has a similar exaggeration in _Troilus and Cressida_, + Act III. Scene 2.: + + 'When we (_i. e._ lovers) vow to weep seas, live in fire, eat + rocks, tame tigers,' &c. + + "In Chaucer's _Romaunt of the Rose_, we find the following lines: + + 'He underfongeth a grete paine, + That undertaketh to drink up Seine.'" + +Steevens notices _King Richard II._, Act II Scene 2.: + + "The task he undertakes, + Is numb'ring sands, and _drinking oceans dry_." + +But enough. The majority of readers, like the majority of critics, will +surely be for the river, in the proportion of at least six to two. +_Verbum non amplius addam._ + + J. S. W. + + Stockwell. + +_Eisell--Wormwood--Scurvy Ale._--Such of your readers who have not yet +made up their minds whether "eisell" and "wormwood" are identical, will +not object to be reminded that Taylor, the Water Poet, in his _Pennyless +Pilgrimage_, describing his hospitable reception at Manchester, when +speaking of the liquid cheer supplied to him, says:-- + + "... Eight several sorts of ale we had + All able to make one stark drunk, or mad. + + ... + + We had at one time set upon the table + Good ale of hyssop ('twas no AEsop fable); + Then had we ale of sage, and ale of malt + And ale of _wormwood_ that could make one halt + With ale of rosemary, and of bettony, + And two ales more, or else I needs must lie. + But to conclude this drinking aley tale + We had a sort of ale called scurvy ale." + +It would seem that in most of these drinks, the chief object was to +impart an exciting but not disagreeable bitterness to the beverage, +groping as it were, by instinct, after that enduring and gratifying +bitter now universally derived from the hop. Wormwood, hyssop, rosemary, +sage, bettony, each furnished its peculiar temptation to the Manchester +drinkers, who some two centuries ago wanted an "excuse for the glass." +Can any of your correspondents state what were the components of the +_scurvy ale_ spoken of by Taylor? This was, perhaps, a really medicated +drink. + +It may not be generally known, that even at this day, In some of the gin +shops and taverns of London, gin, in which the herb rue is infused, is a +constant article of sale; and many, who assume a most respectable +blueness of physiognomy at the bare mention of "old Tom" in his +undisguised state, scruple not to indulge in copious libations of the +same popular spirit, provided it be poured from a bottle in which a few +sprigs of rue are floating. But what was _scurvy ale_? + + HENRY CAMPKIN. + + +ROYAL LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iii., p. 427.) + +In the following passage (extracted from the _Quarterly Review_, No. +CLXXV., Dec. 1850, p. 143.) it is declared that the nation _did_ "pay" +for this "munificent present." The writer is understood to be Mr. R. +Ford; and if his statement is not refuted, the business will henceforth +take its place as a sale which the nation was duped into regarding as a +gift:-- + + "The secret history," says the reviewer, "was this: King George + IV., having some pressing call for money, did not decline a + proposition for selling the library to the Emperor of Russia. Mr. + _Heber_, having ascertained that the books were actually booked + for the Baltic, went to Lord _Sidmouth_, then Home Secretary, and + stated the case; observing what a shame it would be that such a + collection should go out of the country: to which Lord Sidmouth + replied: 'Mr. Heber, it shall not!'--and it did not. On the + remonstrance of Lord Sidmouth, of whose manly and straightforward + character George IV. was very properly in awe, the last of the + _grands monarques presented_ the books to the British Museum, _on + the condition_ that the value of the rubles they were to have + fetched should be somehow or other made good to him by ministers + in pounds sterling. This was done out of the surplus of certain + funds furnished by France for the compensation of losses by the + Revolution. But his ministers, on a hint from the House of Commons + that it was necessary to refund those monies, had recourse, we are + told, to the droits of the Admiralty." + +So that the books were not given, but paid for, out of public monies: +which ministers could not have made the object of a bargain, had they +been the king's, and not the nation's. And the inscription in the +Museum--like many others--"lifts its head and lies," _i. e._ unless the +_Quarterly Review_ has been inventing a story, instead of telling a true +bit of secret history, decidedly worth noting if true. + + V. + + [We believe the Quarterly Reviewer has been misinformed as to the + facts connected with the transfer of the Royal Library to the + British Museum. We have reason to know that George IV., being + unwilling to continue the expense of maintaining the Library, + which he claimed to treat, not as a heirloom of the crown, but as + his own private inheritance, entertained a proposal for its + purchase from the Russian Government. This having come to the + knowledge of Lord Liverpool (through Dibdin, from Lady Spencer, to + whom it had been mentioned by the Princess Lieven), the projected + sale was, on the remonstrance of the Minister, abandoned, and the + Library presented to the nation. The King thus got rid of the + annual expenses; and although we do not believe that any bargain + was made upon the subject, it is not unlikely that the Ministry + felt that this surrender of the Library to the country gave the + King some claim to assistance towards the liquidation of his + debts, and that such assistance was accordingly furnished. Even if + this were so, though the result might be the same, the transaction + is a very different one from the direct bargain and sale described + in the _Quarterly Review_.] + +In justice to Kind George IV., the letter which he addressed to the late +Earl of Liverpool, on _presenting_ the books to his own subjects, should +be printed in your columns. I saw the autograph letter soon after it was +written, and a copy of it would be very easily met with. + +Would it not have been both desirable and very advantageous, to have +converted the banqueting room at Whitehall into a receptacle for this +magnificent collection, which would doubtless have been augmented from +time to time? + +Instead of concentrating such vast literary treasures at the Museum, +might it not have been expedient to diffuse them partially over this +immense metropolis? + +To Peers and M. P.'s, especially, a fine library at Whitehall would be a +great boon. The present chapel was never consecrated, and its beautiful +ceiling is little suited to a house of prayer. + + J. H. M. + + +THE CAXTON MEMORIAL. + +(Vol. iv., p. 33.) + +For the information of your correspondent MR. BOLTON CORNEY, I beg to +inform him that there was an intermediate meeting of the subscribers to +the Caxton Memorial at the house of the Society of Arts between the +first meeting to which he alludes, and the last, held at the same place +the other day. Over that meeting I had the honour of presiding, and it +was determined to persevere in the object of erecting a statue in +Westminster to the memory of the first English printer; but the report +of the last meeting shows that the funds have not been so largely +contributed as might have been expected, and are now far short of the +sum, 500_l._, required for the erection of an iron statue of the +illustrious typographer. True it is that no authentic portrait of Caxton +is known, but the truthful picture by Maclise might very well supply the +deficiency; and I see the engraving to be made from that painting rather +ostentatiously advertised as "the Caxton Memorial." The original design +of the Dean of St. Paul's, for "a fountain by day, and a light by +night," was abandoned as more poetical than practical; my chief +apprehension being either that the gas would spoil the water, or that +the water would put out the light. The statue was therefore resolved +upon as less costly and more appropriate than the fountain. + +The statue of Gutenberg at Mentz is a good example of what might be +erected in Westminster; yet I very much doubt whether any likeness of +the great printer has been preserved. The expense necessarily attendant +upon MR. CORNEY'S Literary Memorial appears to me to be fatal to its +success; for, however dear to the bibliographer, I fear but little +public interest is now felt in the writings of Caxton. The +_Typographical Antiquities_ contain copious extracts from his works; and +the biographies of Lewis and Knight appear to have satisfied public +curiosity as to his life. Besides, a memorial of this nature would be +hidden in a bookcase, not seen in a highway. I may add that the present +state of the Caxton Memorial is this: the venerable Dean of St. Paul's +is anxious to be relieved from the charge of the funds already +subscribed, and to place them in the hands of the Society of Arts, if +that body will receive them, and undertake to promote the object of the +original subscribers by all the means at its command. + + BERIAH BOTFIELD. + + +MEANING OF "NERVOUS". + +(Vol. iv., p. 7.) + +Medically, the word _nervous_ has the following meanings:-- + +1. Of or belonging to the anatomical substance called nerve, _e. g._ the +"nervous system," "nervous sheaths," "nervous particles," &c. + +2. A predomination of the nervous system, when it is unusually active or +highly developed, which is what we mean in speaking of a "nervous +temperament," "a nervous person," &c. + +3. Certain functional disorders of the nervous system are so termed, and +in this sense we speak of "nervous people," "nervous complaints," and so +forth. + +4. Nervous is also used, more poetically than correctly, to signify +_muscular_, and as synonymous with brawny, sinewy, &c., thus conveying +an idea of strength and vigour. But _nerve_ is not _muscle_, therefore +this inaccurate use of the word, though sanctioned by some good old +writers, must cease. + +5. Nervous, in speaking of a part of the body, signifies a part in which +there are many nerves, or much nervous matter, or which is endowed with +extra sensibility. + +These are the various ideas commonly attached to the word _nervous_. +They are too many for the word to be a closely accurate one, but we must +take them, not make them. We can, however, avoid the future inaccurate +use of the term alluded to in explanation 4., and all the metaphorical +derivations thereof, such as a "nervous style of writing," &c., and +adhere to those two significations which are physiologically and +pathologically correct, and which are obviously derivable from the +several meanings and explanations above enumerated, viz.-- + +1. Of or belonging to the natural structure or functions of nerve; and + +2. The quality of functional disorder or weakness of the nervous system +in certain respects. + + WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE. + +Every one knows that instances of _catachresis_ occur in all languages; +but I think this case may be more satisfactorily explained by +considering that the _nerves_ consist of two very distinct and +independent classes of organs--nerves of sensation, which conduct +impressions to the sensorium; and nerves of volition, which convey the +mental impulse to the muscles. From this it necessarily follows that +when the former class are _over-active_ (and _redundancy_ is decidedly +the adjectival idea in the word _nervous_), a morbid excitability of +temper, with a perturbable anxious state of mind are produced (making +the "bad" sense of the word); while from a similar state of the nerves +of volition results a powerful and vigorous system of muscular action +and mental energy (making the "good" sense of the word). + + EDWIN J. JONES. + + +THE DUKE OF MONMOUTH'S POCKET-BOOKS. + +(Vol. i., p. 198.; Vol. iv., p. 1.) + +I am anxious to acknowledge that SIR F. MADDEN has established, beyond +all doubt, the facts that _several_ manuscript books were found on the +Duke of Monmouth when he was captured, and that the volume rescued from +oblivion by Dr. Anster, and now placed in the British Museum, is one of +these, and also in Monmouth's handwriting. I take this opportunity of +saying, that I, unfortunately, have not seen Dr. Anster's reply to my +communication; and it is to be regretted that it was not copied from the +_Dublin University Magazine_ into "NOTES AND QUERIES," so that we (the +readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES") might have had the whole subject before +us. This is a course which I think our kind Editor may usefully adopt on +similar occasions. + +Referring unsuccessfully to Lowndes' _Manual_ for an answer to SIR F. +MADDEN'S question as to the date of the first edition of Welwood's +_Memoirs_, I was pleased, however, to find that my edition (the sixth, +published in 1718) possesses a value which does not attach to previous +editions, inasmuch as it contains "A short introduction, giving an +account how these memoirs came at first to be writ." From this it +appears that there are spurious editions of the work, for Welwood +writes: + + "I have given my bookseller leave to make a sixth impression of + the following memoirs; and the [rather] that some time ago one + Baker printed more than one edition of them without my knowledge, + very incorrect, and on bad paper." + +We may fairly assume, that the first edition was published at the +beginning of 1699, for [the] "epistle dedicatory" to King William is +dated February of that year. If this be so, it must be taken as a proof +of extraordinary popularity that the work should have reached a third +edition as early as 1700, as stated by SIR F. MADDEN. The "account how +these memoirs came at first to be writ" possesses some interest. It +appears that Queen Mary used to hold frequent converse with the Doctor +on the subject of her great-grandfather's and grandfather's history, +and-- + + "At last she fell to regret the insuperable difficulties she lay + under (for I well remember that was her mind) of knowing truly the + history of her grandfather's reign; saying that most of the + accounts she had read of it were either panegyrick or satire, not + history. Then with an inimitable grace she told me, 'If I would in + a few sheets give her a short sketch of the affairs of that reign, + and of the causes that produced such dreadful effects, she would + take it well of me.' Such commands were too sacred not to be + obeyed; and when I was retiring from her presence, she stopt me to + tell me she expected I would do what she had desired of me in such + a manner, and with that freedom, as if I designed it for the + information of a friend, and not one of the blood of King Charles + I., promising to show it to none living without my consent." + +Welwood further states, that after Mary's death, King William-- + + "Sent me, by the late Earl of Portland, the manuscript I had given + his Queen, found in her cabinet; where, upon the back of it, she + had writ with her own hand the promise she had made me of showing + it to nobody without my consent." + +In addition to the extract from Monmouth's _Diary_ given in my former +communication, Welwood publishes a letter of the Duke's to the brave and +true Argyle, which is perhaps more creditable to Monmouth than any other +memorial he has left. The letter, as Welwood suggests, appears to have +been written shortly after the death of Charles II. I copy it; but if +you think this paper too long, omit it:-- + + "I received both yours together this morning, and cannot delay you + my answer longer than this post though I am afraid it will not + please you so much as I heartily wish it may. I have weighed all + your reasons, and everything that you and my other friends have + writ me upon that subject; and have done it with the greatest + inclination to follow your advice, and without prejudice. You may + well believe I have had time enough to reflect sufficiently upon + our present state, especially since I came hither. But whatever + way I turn my thoughts, I find insuperable difficulties. Pray do + not think it an effect of melancholy, for that was never my + greatest fault, when I tell you that in these three weeks' + retirement in this place I have not only looked back, but forward; + and the more I consider our present circumstances, I think them + still the more desperate, unless some unforeseen accident fall out + which I cannot divine nor hope for. [Here follow sixteen lines all + in cyphers.] Judge then what we are to expect, in case we should + venture upon any such attempt at this time. It's to me a vain + argument that our enemies are scarce yet well settled, when you + consider that fear in some, and ambition in others, have brought + them to comply; and that the Parliament, being made up, for the + most part, of members that formerly run our enemy down, they will + be ready to make their peace as soon as they can, rather than + hazard themselves upon an uncertain bottom. I give you but hints + of what, if I had time, I would write you at more length. But that + I may not seem obstinate in my own judgment, or neglect the advice + of my friends, I will meet you at the time and place appointed. + But for God sake think in the mean time of the improbabilities + that lie naturally in our way, and let us not by struggling with + our chains make them straighter and heavier. For my part, I'll run + the hazard of being thought anything rather than a rash + inconsiderate man. And to tell you my thoughts without disguise, I + am now so much in love with a retired life, that I am never like + to be fond of making a bustle in the world again. I have much more + to say, but the post cannot stay; and I refer the rest till + meeting, being entirely + + "Yours." + +Monmouth's ill-concerted and ill-conducted expedition following, at no +distant period, the prudent resolutions expressed in the above letter +places the instability of his character in a strong light. + + C. ROSS. + + +Replies To Minor Queries. + +_Pope's "honest Factor"_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).-The + + "Honest factor who stole a gem away," + +to whom Pope alludes, was Thomas Pitt, Esq., (ancestor of the Earl of +Chatham), who was by Queen Anne appointed Governor of Fort St. George in +the East Indies, and purchased there for the sum of 20,400_l._, or +48,000 pagodas, a diamond weighing 127 carats, which he sold to the King +of France about 1717, and is now known as the Pitt diamond. I suppose it +is at present in the possession of the Republic of France. + + DE H. + + Temple, July 5. 1851. + +_Banks Family_ (Vol. iii., pp. 390. 458. 507. 524.).--I am obliged by +your inserting my note on this subject. I can inform L. H. that the +present owner of the lead mines in Keswick _is related_, though +distantly, to John Banks the philosopher, who was born at Grange in +Borrowdale. Can any of your correspondents give any reason why the crest +of this branch of the family should be exactly similar in every respect +to that of the Earl of Lonsdale? + + BAY. + +_Dies Irae, Dies Illa_ (Vol. ii p. 72. Vol. iii., p. 468.).--Although +some time has elapsed since the Query on this hymn appeared, yet as no +very definite reply has been given, I send the following. + +This hymn is one of the four "proses" or verses without measure, made +use of in the services of the Roman Catholic Church. The invention of +these proses is attributed to Nolker, a monk of the Convent of St. Gall, +who wrote about the year 880; and who says in his work that he had seen +them in a book belonging to the Convent of St. Jumi[\e]ges, which was +destroyed by the Normans in 841. Of the many proses which were composed, +the Roman Catholic Church has retained but four, of which the above is +one. Who the author really was, is very uncertain; the majority of +writers on the subject appear to concur in the opinion that Cardinal +Frangipani, a Dominican, otherwise called Malabrancia, a Doctor of +Paris, and who died at P[/e]rouse in 1294, was the composer but it has +also been assigned to St. Gregory and St. Bernard. Bzovius, an. 1294, +states the author to have been either Cardinal Orsino or Cardinal +Frangipani, and other writers maintain it to have been the production of +Agostino Biella, who died 1491; or of Humbertus, General of the +Dominicans. The original consists of fifty-six lines, and may be found +in almost every book of Catholic devotion. + + R.R.M. + +In No. 84, for June 9th, the Roman Catholic hymn "Dies Irae" is referred +to, and works cited as to its author. To these may be added the 39th No. +of the _Dublin Review_, where it will be found that Latino Frangipani, +nephew of Pope Nicholas III., and known under the name of the Cardinal +Malabrancia, was more generally considered the writer. The account there +given of it is not uninteresting, and is preceded by a cursory +advertence to the other hymns of the Middle Ages, including a Greek +version of some of the stanzas of Thomas Aquinas, the "Angelic +Doctor's," impressive "Lauda Sion." + + J.R. + +_Equestrian Statues_ (Vol. iii., p. 494.).--I should inform Fm. that +there is an equestrian statue of the Earl of Hopetown in front of the +Royal Bank, St. Andrew's Square, Edinburgh. The earl, however, is not +mounted; he stands beside the horse. + + S. WMSON. + +_Monumental Symbolism_ (Vol. iii, p. 449.).--I have seen no answer to +Reader's inquiry. I have always understood that the kneeling figures +were the children who died in the lifetime of their parents (sometimes +they are even represented in the swaddling-bands of Chrysom children), +while those represented standing survived them. This of course is only +when some are represented kneeling and others standing, as in some +instances _all_ are kneeling. I believe my supposition is grounded on +some better authority than my own fancy, but I cannot refer to any at +present. + + H.N.E. + + Bilton, July 3. 1851. + +_Organs in Churches_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--R. W. B. will find some +information on the subject of _organs_ in Staveley's _History of +Churches in England_, pp. 203. 207., a work replete with much +interesting matter connected with churches. + + E. C. HARINGTON. + + Exeter, July 1. 1851. + +_Tennyson: "The Princess"_ (Vol. iii., p. 493.).--Does not the passage-- + + "Dare we dream of that, I asked, + Which wrought us, as the workman and his work + That practice betters"-- + +simply mean, "Dare we dream of" the God who made us as of a finite +creature, who requires "practice" ere His work can be perfect, and whose +skill shall be progressive? In short, "dare we" think of Him as such an +one as ourselves? + + SELEUCUS. + +Information on this subject will be found in Hawkins's _History of +Music_, vol. i. p. 398. _et seq._; Burney's _History of Music_, vol. ii. +p. 131. Busby's _Dictionary of Music_; John Gregory's _Works_ +("Discourse declaring what Time the Nicene Creed began to be Sung in the +Church"), and in Staveley's _History of Churches in England_. + + T. J. + +"_Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love_" (Vol. iv., p. 24.).-- + + "AN EXPOSTULATION. + + "When late I attempted your pity to move, + Why seem'd you so deaf to my prayers? + Perhaps it was right to dissemble your love, + But--Why did you kick me down stairs?" + + From _An Asylum for Fugitive Pieces, in Prose and Verse, not in + any other Collection_, vol. i. p. 15. London: Debrett, 1785. + +The above has been inquired for: of the author I know nothing. + + S. H. + + St. Johns Wood. + +_Sardonic Smiles_ (Vol. iv., p. 18.).--It is very difficult to strike +out the verse in Homer's Odyssey ([Greek: Y], 302.). To suppose that in +him the word is derived from Sardinia, is exceedingly improbable, if +not, as Payne Knight says, quite absurd because, not only is Sardinia +not mentioned in Homer, but his geography, even where half-fabulous, and +with other names than the modern ones, does not extend so far west. +Payne Knight says the word is derived from [Greek: sardain[^o]], but +where such a word is found I cannot learn. There is [Greek: sardaz[^o]] +in Suidas, "to laugh bitterly," but unluckily the very same words are +given as the interpretation of [Greek: sarkaz[^o]], and [Greek: +sarkaz[^o]] is a perfectly established word. _Sarcasm, sarcastic_, are +derived from it; and its own derivation from [Greek: sarx] "flesh," +seems certain. This makes it highly probable that the first word in +Suidas is a mistake for the other. All Greek writers borrowed so much +from Homer that the occurrence of the word in them, where obviously +meaning Sardinian, seems to prove nothing but that they thought it had +that meaning in him. + + C. B. + +_Epitaph on Voltaire_ (Vol. iii., p. 518.).--The question is asked, "Has +the name of the lady of Lausanne, who wrote the epitaph on Voltaire, + + 'Ci g[^i]t l'enfant g[^a]t[/e] du monde qu'il g[^a]ta,' + +been ascertained?" It has; and the lady was Madame la Baronne de +Montolieu, who wrote a great variety of novels, of which by far the +best, and indeed one of the most interesting in the French language, is +her _Caroline de Lichtfield_, first published at Lausanne in 1786, two +volumes 8vo. Her family name was de Bottens (Pauline-Isabelle), born at +Lausanne in 1751, and there died in December, 1832. Her first husband +was Benjamin de Crouzas, son to one of Montesquieu's adversaries, after +whose death she married the Baron de Montolieu. It was Gibbon's most +intimate friend and literary _collaborateur_, Deyverdun, who published, +and indeed corrected, her then anonymous _Caroline de Lichtfield_. + +Voltaire's friend and mistress, the learned Madame du Ch[^a]telet, had +prepared an inscription for his portrait, which may be considered an +anticipated epitaph: + + "Post-genitis Hic canis erit, nunc canis amicis;" + +but one of a very different tenor was written by J. J. Rousseau, we are +told by Lord Brougham: + + "Plus bel esprit que grand g[/e]nie, + Sans loi, sans moeurs, et sans vertu; + Il est mort comme il a v[/e]cu, + Couvert de gloire et d'infamie." + + J. R. + +_Voltaire, where situated_ (Vol. iii, pp. 329.433.).--The inquiry, +"Where is Voltaire situated?" was answered in a late number, and +reference made to the _Essays of an Octogenarian_, a privately-printed +work, and therefore not generally accessible; but the subject will be +equally found elucidated in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for July, 1846, +p. 25. No such place ever existed, as there made clear; for it is the +simple anagram of his patronymic, Arouet l j (_le jeune_), framed by +himself though by Condorcet and other biographers, ignorant of the fact, +supposed to be a landed property. Voltaire loved not his paternal name, +as will be there found, and gladly changed it. The article embraces +various particulars of Voltaire's life, in refutation of Lord Brougham's +errors; some of them strange enough, and not inconsiderable in number, +so as to excite surprise in so accomplished a person. + + J. R. + +_Children at a Birth_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--See _Quarterly Review_, No. +xxix. vol. xv. p. 187., where Southey quotes _Hakewill's Apology_ as +authority for an epitaph in Dunstable Church to a woman who had, at +three several times, three children at a birth; and five at a birth two +other times. + + A. C. + +_Milkmaids_ (Vol. iii., p. 367.).-- + + "May 1.--I was looking out of the parlour window this morning, and + receiving the honours which Margery, the milkmaid to our lane, was + doing me, by dancing before my door _with the plate of half her + customers on her head_."--_Tatler_ for May 2, 1710. + + R. J. R. + +_"Heu quanto minus," &c._ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).-- + + "Heu quanto minus est cum aliis versari quam tui meminisse," + +is the end of an inscription at the Leasowes "to Miss Dolman, a +beautiful and amiable relation of Mr. Shenstone's, who died of the +small-pox, about twenty-one years of age," in the following words. On +one side: + + "Peramabili suae consobrinae + M.D." + +On the other side: + + "Ah Maria + puellarum elegantissima + Ah flore venustatis abrepta + Vale! + Heu quanto minus est," &c. + + Shenstone's _Works_, 1764, vol. ii. p. 356. + + C. B. + +This quotation is Shenstone's "Epitaph on his Sister." + +J. O. B., however, has given it incorrectly: it should be-- + + "Heu quanto minus est cum reliquis versari quam tui meminisse." + +Moore has done something towards giving the force of this strikingly +concentrated sentence, thus:-- + + "Tho' many a gifted mind we meet, + Tho' fairest forms we see, + To live with them is far less sweet, + Than to remember thee." + + H. E. H. + +_The "Passellew" Family_ (Vol. i., p. 319.).--I think there can be +little doubt that the "Robert Passellew" of Waltham Abbey, and "John +Paslew," the last abbot of Whalley, belong to the same family. A +reference to Burke's _General Armory_ proves the armorial bearings to be +the same, and also that the family was connected with the county of +Durham. The following extract from the _Historical, Antiquarian, and +Picturesque Account of Kirkstall Abbey_ (Longmans, 1827), will show that +a century later the Paslews had obtained a footing in Yorkshire, and had +become benefactors of Kirkstall: + + "Robert Passelowe, with King Richard II.'s licence, gave one toft, + five acres of land, and an annual rent of 2_s._ 6_d._ in Bramley, + with the reversion of nine messuages, seven oxgangs, and six acres + and a half of land, after the decease of the tenants, ..., all + which premises were valued at [L]4 2_s._ 6_d._ per annum."--P. 208. + + T. T. W. + + Burnley, Lancashire. + +_Lady Petre's Monument_ (Vol. iv., p. 22.).--"A E I O U." Do not these +letters stand for "[Greek: aei ou]"--_non semper_? alluding to the +resurrection from the tomb. + + J. H. L. + +May not the five vowels at the end of the Latin epitaph of Lady Petre's +monument mean, + + "A Eternae Ianua Obitus Uitae?" + + F. A. + + Hampstead. + +_Spenser's Age at his Death_ (Vol. i., p. 481.).--Touching this subject +I can state that I am well acquainted with an admirable portrait of the +poet, bearing date 1593, in which he is represented as a man of not more +than middle age; so that, whether he died in 1596 or 1598, he may be +said to have died prematurely--_immatur[^a] morte obiisse_, as the +monument testifies. + + VARRO. + +_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iii., pp. 477. 509.).--The priest of the +Greek church, in blessing with the hand, anciently held it with the +thumb crossing the third finger, the first finger being held straight, +the second and fourth curved, so as to represent altogether the Greek +letters I C X C, the first and last letters of "Jesus Christ." The same +letters are impressed on the bread used in their eucharist, the bread +being marked with the Greek cross, similar to our cross-buns, with the +letters I C and X C in the upper angles of the cross, and the letters N +and K in the two lower angles. The N K is the abbreviation of [Greek: +nika], and the whole phrase is "Jesus Christ conquers." This church +derived the expression from the standard (labarum) of Constantine, +[Greek: en tout[^o] nika] = _in hoc signo vinces_. In Goar's notes on +the Greek rituals, especially that of Chrysostom's, much information may +be obtained on the symbolisms of Christianity. + + T. J. BUCKTON. + + Lichfield. + +_Handel's Occasional Oratorio_ (Vol. iii., p. 426.).--This oratorio +doubtless received its name from the special _occasion_ when it was +composed, viz. the suppression of the rebellion in 1745. It was +published by Tonson in Feb. 1746, at the price of 1_s._, together with +various poems, &c. relating to the same important event. The Oratorio is +divided into three parts: with the exception of the overture, four of +the airs, and two of the choruses, it contains little that can be +popular at the present day. + + J. H. M. + +_Moore's Almanack_ (Vol. iii., pp. 263. 339. 381. 466.).--Francis Moore +was not a real personage, but a pseudonyme adopted by the author, Mr. +Henry Andrews, who was born at Frieston, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, +February 4, 1744, and died at Royston, Herts, January 26, 1820. Andrews +was astronomical calculator to the Board of Longitude, and for years +corresponded with Maskelyne and other eminent men. A portrait of Andrews +is extant; one is in my possession: they are now extremely scarce. + +As to the date of the almanack's first appearance I can afford no +information; but it can be obtained of Mr. W. H. Andrews, only son of +the astronomer, who still resides at Royston, and is in possession of +his MSS., consisting of astronomical and astrological calculations, +notes of various phenomena, materials for a history of Royston, memoir +of his own life, his correspondence, &c. + + FRANCIS. + +_Kiss the Hare's Foot_ (Vol. iv., p. 21.).--This saying occurs in +Browne's _Britannia's Pastorals_: + + "'Tis supper time with all, and we had need + Make haste away, unless we mean to speed + With those that kiss the hare's foot. Rheums are bred, + Some say, by going supperless to bed, + And those I love not; therefore cease my rhyme + And put my pipes up till another time." + + _Brit. Past._, Book 2., Song. 2. + +This quotation may not be of much service as a clue to the discovery of +the _origin_ of the saying; but it may be interesting to MR. BREEN as a +proof that the saying itself must be considerably more than two hundred +years old, the second part of the _Pastorals_ having been first +published in 1616. + + C. FORBES. + + Temple. + +_Derivation of the Word "Bummaree" or "Bumaree"_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).-- + + "BOMERIE, S. F. [terme de mer, pr[^e]t [\a] la grosse aventure] + bottomry or bottomree."--Boyer's _Fr. and Engl. Dict._, ed. + London, 1767. + +The leading idea in the term _Bomerie_, and its English equivalent, when +applied to borrowing money "on a ship's keel," is the hazarding all on a +single venture: hence it is not difficult to see its application to +other transactions, especially those connected with sea; such as +wholesale purchases of fish, in which a large risk is run, with an +uncertain prospect of return. + +The meaning of the word, if it be really the same, when adopted by +confectioners, would probably be assignable either to the shape of the +pans, or the use to which they were applied. + +I know not whether this is to be classed among the "unsatisfactory" +derivations already submitted to your correspondent, but should be glad +to hear his opinion on its soundness. + + E. A. D. + +_Sheridan and Vanbrugh_ (Vol. iv. p. 24.).--Had O. O. consulted the +"Life of Sheridan" which precedes Bohn's Collection of the _Dramatic +Works of Sheridan_ (which, having the volume in his hand, he ought to +have done), he would have seen that it is expressly mentioned (p. 51.) +that Sheridan, having become part proprietor of Drury Lane Theatre-- + + "His first commencement as a manager was not of that brilliant + kind to give any promise of great improvement in the conduct of + the theatre. _An alteration_ of Vanbrugh's play the _Relapse_ was + the first production, under the name of a _Trip to Scarborough_. + It was brought out on February 24, 1777. This was an unfortunate + commencement: neither the public nor the actors were satisfied." + +Further, it is printed at the end of Sheridan's _Dramatic Works_, +followed by _Pizarro_, printed in smaller type, so as to make them +appear like an appendix; and hence it could hardly be expected that any +one would think of attributing the _Trip to Scarborough_, altered from +Vanbrugh's _Relapse_, to Sheridan, any more than it could be considered +as intended to call him the author of _Pizarro_, because he altered +Kotzebue's _Spaniards in Peru_, and adapted it to, and had it +represented on, the stage. + + A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + +"_Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum_" (Vol. iii., p. +482.).--This line of Plautus is followed by parallel quotations from +other writers. To these I may add the French version: + + "Heureux celui qui pour devenir sage, + Du mal d'autrui fait son apprentisage." + + J. R. + +"_Alterius Orbis Papa_" (Vol. iii., p. 497.; Vol. iv., p. 11.).--Fuller, +in his _Worthies of England_, edit. London, 1662, "Staffordshire," p. +41., uses this expression, writing, of Cardinal Pole. It is as follows: + + "Yet afterwards he (Pole) became '_Alterius Orbis Papa_,' when + made Archbishop of Canterbury by Queen Mary." + + J. N. B. + + West Bromwich, June 28. 1851. + +_Umbrella_ (Vol. iii., pp. 37. 60. 126. 482.).--In Fynes Moryson's +_Itinerary_, "printed by John Beale, 1617, part iii. booke i. chap. ii. +p. 21.," is the following passage: + + "In hot regions, to auoide the beames of the sunne, in some places + (as in Italy) they carry Vmbrels, or things like a little canopy, + over their heads; but a learned Physician told me, that the use of + them was dangerous, because they gather the heate into a + pyramidall point, and thence cast it down perpendicularly upon the + head, except they know how to carry them for auoyding that + danger." + + C. DE D. + +_To learn by Heart, "Apprendre par Coeur"_ (Vol. iii., pp. 425. +483.).--Quitard, a French writer on Proverbs, says,-- + + "On a regard[/e] le coeur comme le si[\e]ge de la M[/e]moire. De + l[\a] les mots _recorder_, _se recorder_, _r[/e]cordance_, + _r[/e]cordation_, en Latin _recordari_, _recordatio_; de l[\a] + aussi l'expression _apprendre par coeur_. Rivarol dit que cette + expression, si ordinaire et si [/e]nergique, vient du plaisir que + nous prenons [\a] ce qui nous touche et nous flatte. La + m[/e]moire, en effet, est toujours aux ordres du coeur." + + J. M. + + Oxford. + +"_Suum cuique tribuere_" (Vol. iii. p. 518.).--I beg to refer your +correspondent M. D. to Cicero's _De Claris Oratoribus_, which is the +nearest parallel passage I can find: viz. + + "Erat omnius tum mos, ut in reliquis rebus melior, sic in hoc ipso + humanior: ut faciles essent in _suum cuique tribuendo_." + +In a note, an allusion to Justice is made: but my Cicero is a very old +edition, and is divided into four tomes. The above is from tome i. p. +305, letter F. + +The only other parallel passage is from Liber II., "Ad Herennium," thus: + + "_Justitia_ est habitus animi, communi utilitate conservata, _suam + cuique tribuens_ dignitatem." + + J. N. C. + + King's Lynn, June 28. 1851. + +_Frogs in Ireland--Round Towers_ (Vol. iii., pp. 353. 428. 490.).--I +must take leave to doubt the fact, mentioned in Vol. iii., p. 490., of +the introduction of frogs into Ireland first in the year 1696. They are +much too plentiful in the country districts, leaving out their abundance +in the county Dublin, to warrant any such supposition. In the Queen's +County, particularly, I have seen them in myriads. With regard to those +gentlemen who are pleased to import snakes into Ireland, I can only wish +them some worthier occupation. + +There are two birds, the occurrence of which about Dublin I do not find +noticed by naturalists. One is the common skylark, the other is the +Royston crow, which, strange to say, is not a migratory visitor, but is +found there the whole year round. + +Concerning Round Towers, mentioned at pages 353. and 428., I beg to +refer W. R. M. to the works of Wilkinson, Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall, and +Moore's _History of Ireland_, in addition to Petrie, Keating, &c. When +in Galway, in January, 1850, I noticed some remarkable instances of +resemblance to Spaniards amongst the peasant women and girls. It was, +however, by no means general; but only observable here and there, in a +few particular instances. Between Galway and Oughterard I passed a girl +walking barefooted along the dirty road, whose features were strikingly +beautiful, set off with long raven tresses and large _dark_ eyes, signs +apparently of her Spanish origin. The town of Galway is full of +interesting memorials of its connexion with Spain, and well repays a +visit. Its ancient prosperity will now be probably revived again, and, +with its singularly advantageous position, and its future intercourse +with America, it cannot fail to rise once more from its ruins and its +dirt, unless prevented by the prevalence of political agitation. + + WILLIAM E. C. NOURSE. + +_Lines on the Temple_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--J. S. will find these lines +_in print_, in the "Poetry" of the _Annual Register_ for 1764, vol. vii. +p. 247. They are said to have been stuck on the Temple gate. + + J. K. + +_Killigrew Arms_ (Vol. i., pp. 204. 231. 283.).--A more correct +description will be found in Lysons' _Cornwall_: see "Town Seal of +Falmouth." + + S. H. (2) + +_Meaning of Hernshaw_ (Vol. iii., p. 450.).--In Poulson's _Beverlac; or +History of the Antiquities of Beverley in Yorkshire_, pp. 263, 264. et +seq., is an account of the expenses of the "Twelve Governors of Beverley +on a visit to the Earl of Northumberland at Leconfield Castle." Among +the presents made to the Earl (Henry Algernon Percy, fifth earl, born +Jan. 1477-8, died 1527) for so distinguished an honour are four +heronsewes, heronseu, hornsue, or _hernshaw_, for it is written in all +these ways. Was a young heron formerly esteemed a choice delicacy? +Chaucer, describing the feast of Cambisscan, says: + + "I wol not tellen of hir strange sewes, + Ne hir swannes, ne hir heronsewes." + +But even the full-grown bird was not too powerful for the digestive +organs in those days: it was termed _viand royal_, and heronries were +maintained for the purpose of food, as well as diversion. In the +Northumberland Household Book, these birds, with many others, are named +as then served up at table, but which are now discarded as little better +than carrion. + +From _hernshaw_, still further corrupted, arose the proverbial +expression introduced by Shakspeare into _Hamlet_,-- + + "I am but mad north-north-west, when the wind is southerly, I know + a hawk from a _hand-saw_." + + G. P. + +_Theory of the Earth's Form_ (Vol. iii., pp. 331. 508.).--Do the +following passages from the "Version of the Psalms" in the _Book of +Common Prayer_ throw any light upon the subject? + + "And the foundations of the _round_ world were discovered."--Ps. + xviii. 15. + + "The _compass_ of the world, and they that dwell therein."--Ps. + xxiv. 1. + + "Thou hast laid the foundation of the _round_ world, and all that + therein is."--Ps. lxxxix. 12. + + "He hath made the _round_ world so sure."--Ps. xciii. 2. + + "And that it is he who hath made the _round_ world so fast that it + cannot be moved."--Ps. xcvi. 10. + + "The _round_ world, and they that dwell therein."--Ps. xcviii. 8. + + R. H. + +_Coke and Cowper, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., p. 24.).--_Coke_ is by +lawyers generally pronounced like the article which feeds our +steam-engines; but the late Earl of Leicester was generally, in Norfolk +and elsewhere, called _Cook_. The presumption is, that _Cook_ was the +ancient sound given to the word _Coke_. _Cowper_ is a similar instance: +I believe it has always been called _Cooper_. In an old electioneering +squib by the late Lord John Townshend, _Cowper_ is made to rhyme to +_Trooper_. The passage alludes to an old county scandal, and I do not +therefore quote it. + + J. H. L. + +There can be no doubt (as it seems to me) that the poet's name _ought_ +to be pronounced according to the spelling. I am enabled to state +decidedly that he himself pronounced his name _Cowper_, and _not +Cooper_. I venture to think that the same might also be said with +respect to Lord Coke's name; _i. e._ that the pronunciation Cook is only +a "modern affectation." + + R. VINCENT. + +_Registry of British Subjects Abroad_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).--All English +chaplains on the Continent are licensed to their respective chaplaincies +by the Bishop of London, and are within his ecclesiastical jurisdiction. +This _may_ have given rise to the notion of which your correspondent +speaks. + + R. VINCENT. + +_Hanging out the Broom at the Mast-heads of Ships to be sold_ (Vol. ii., +p. 226.).--In reply to the question of your correspondent W. P., I beg +to inform him that the custom originated from that period of our history +when the Dutch admiral, Van Tromp, with his fleet appeared on our coasts +in hostility against England. The broom was hoisted as indicative of his +intention to sweep the ships of England from the sea. To repel this +insolence the English admiral hoisted a horse-whip, equally indicative +of his intention to chastise the Dutchman. The pennant which the +horse-whip symbolised has ever since been the distinguishing mark of +English ships of war. + + JAMES CORNISH. + +_William Godwin_ (Vol. i., pp. 415. 478.).--Your correspondents N. and +C. H. may find some interesting passages of Godwin's life in his +_Memoirs of Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin_: Johnson, St. Paul's Church +Yard, 1798. + + JAMES CORNISH. + +_Family of Kyme_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--Bold may find some information +which will assist him in a pedigree and account of this family, showing +the descent of the manor of South and North Kyme in Lincolnshire, in +Creasy's _History of Sleaford and the surrounding Neighbourhood_, p. +274. The barony of Kyme appears to have passed into the female line by +the death of William de Kyme without issue in 12 Edward III. + + J. P. JUN. + +_Plaids and Tartans_ (Vol. iv., p. 7.).-- + + "The belted plaid was the original dress. It is precisely that of + a savage, who, finding a web of cloth he had not skill to frame + into a garment, wrapt one end round his middle, and threw the rest + about his shoulders.... And it is little to the honour of Highland + ingenuity, that although the chiefs wore long pantaloons called + _trews_, the common _gael_ never fell upon any substitute for the + belted plaid, till an English officer, for the benefit of the + labourers who worked under his direction on the military roads, + invented the _fileah beg_, philabeg, or little petticoat, detached + from the plaid, and fastened by a buckle round the waist." + +Although the above extract from the _Quarterly Review_, vol. i. p. 186., +is not exactly a reply to the Query of A JUROR (Vol. iv., p. 7.), still +it may be of some use to him. + +I would like also to learn how much of the reviewer's story is founded +upon fact, as I confess I am very much inclined to doubt the truth of it +_in toto_. + + A LOWLANDER. + +_Peace Illumination_, 1802 (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--The story referred to by +MR. CAMPKIN does not appear to be so apocryphal as he supposes. Southey, +who was an eye-witness of the illuminations, gives it as an indisputed +fact. His words are: + + "We entered the avenue immediately opposite to M. Otto's, and + raising ourselves by the help of a garden wall, overlooked the + crowd, and thus obtained a full and uninterrupted sight of what + thousands and tens of thousands were vainly struggling to see. To + describe it, splendid as it was, is impossible; the whole building + presented a front of light. The inscription was 'Peace and Amity:' + it had been 'Peace and Concord,' but a party of soldiers in the + morning, whose honest patriotism did not regard trifling + differences of orthography, insisted upon it that they were not + _conquered_, and that no Frenchman should say so; and so the word + Amity, which can hardly be regarded as English, was substituted in + its stead."[2] + + [Footnote 2: _Letters from England, by Don Manuel Alvarez + Espriella, translated from the Spanish_ (3 vols. 12mo. London, + 1807), vol. i. lett. 8. p. 93.] + + DOUGLAS ALLPORT. + +_Basnet Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--I can perhaps give D. X. some +information respecting the ancient family of Basnet, being related to +them through my mother. + +From papers in our possession, we have always considered ourselves +descended from Edward Basnet, the first married Dean of St. Patrick's; +and I drew up a pedigree of the family, which is in Berry's _Berkshire_. +But the _proofs_ only go as far as Thomas Basnet, of Coventry, born in +1590. Lawrance Basset, otherwise Bassnet, of Bainton, in the fee of the +hundred of Hatton, in the parish of Budworth, in the palatine of +Chester, living in the 27th of Henry VIII., anno 1536, was descended of +a younger house of Sir Philip Basset, knight, &c. of St. Hillane, in the +county of Glamorgan. He had Piers Basnet, of Bainton aforesaid, lived in +the time of Henry VIII., anno 1547, purchased land in Bainton of Edward +Starkie, of Simondston in Lancashire, married Ann, dau. of Robert Eaton, +of Over Whitley, first wife, by whom he had two sons, Thomas and Henry. +The second wife was dau. of ---- Stretch, of Leigh, had one son Robert, +of the city of Chester. + +The second son of Lawrance Basset, or Bassnet, was Hugh, of Leigh, +living temp. Henry VIII., anno 1543. + +The third son was Thomas, temp. Henry VIII., 1539, whose son (we +suppose) was Edward Basnet, Dean of St. Patrick's whose grandson was an +ensign in General Monk's own regiment, the Coldstream Guards, 1660. He +left the regiment in 1665. + +In the Egerton Papers, Camden Soc., vol. xii., is this account: + + "Amongst those appointed for the Privy Council for the better + government of Ireland, in the year July 1550, was Edward Basnet, + clerk, late Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin." + +The arms of the present family are Argent, a cheveron gules, between +three helmets, close ppr. Crest: an arm, embowed, in armour, holding a +cutlas, all proper. + +By applying to Charles Basnett, Esq., No. 3. Brock Street, Bath, D. X. +may have a full account of this family. + + JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge, July 17. 1851. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +As we last week called attention to the _Three Treatises by John +Wickliffe_ just published by Dr. Todd of Dublin, we may very properly +record the sale by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson on Tuesday the 8th of +this month of a MS. volume containing twelve treatises (which are all +said to be unpublished) written by John Wickliffe and Richard Hampole. +The volume, a small 8vo., was of the fourteenth century, with a few +leaves supplied by a hand of the sixteenth, and contained "A Tretis on +the Ten Heestis (_i.e._ Commandments), A Prologue of the Paternoster, +'Here suen dyverse chapitris excitynge men to hevenli desijr,' the +Councell of Christ, Off vertuous pacience, Wickliffe's Chartre of +Hevene, The Hors or Armour off Hevene, the Name off Jhesu, The Love of +Jhesu, Off verri Mekenes, Off the Effect off Mannes Will, Of Actif Liif +and Contemplatif Lyf, The Mirrour of Chastitee." It was purchased by +Bumstead of Holborn for 11_l._ The next lot in the same sale was the +original manuscript Diary, extending from October, 1675, to September, +1684, of Annesley Earl of Anglesey, Lord Privy Seal in the reign of +Charles II., which was purchased by Boone, it is believed on commission +for the British Museum, for the sum of 12_l._ 10_s._ + +The _Athenaeum_ of Saturday last publishes some inquiries from Mr. Payne +Collier connected with the manuscript play by Anthony Mundy, which forms +the subject of SIR F. MADDEN'S interesting, communication in our present +number. Mr. Collier is about to edit the drama in question for the +Shakspeare Society; and the object of his paper, which well deserves the +attention of our readers, is to obtain information respecting two +wizards or magicians who figure in it, the one named John a Kent, and +the other John a Cumber, who must formerly have been popular heroes, and +been recorded in ballads and chapbooks which have now entirely +disappeared. We call attention to these inquiries with the view of +giving additional publicity to them, and in the hope of procuring from +Mr. Collier some Notes respecting these old world heroes, of one of +whom, John a Kent, some particulars are to be found, we believe, in +Coxe's _Monmouthshire_. + +The obituary of the past week contains the name of one of the most +distinguished historical writers of the present day, the Rev. Dr. +Lingard. An able and zealous champion of the Church of which he was so +eminent a member, his tolerant spirit and independent principles show +that of Dr. Lingard may be said, what was applied with admirable +propriety to his co-religionist, the late learned librarian at Stowe, by +Sir James Macintosh, that he was + + "True to his faith, but not the slave of Rome." + +The sale of M. Donnadieu's valuable collection of Autographs will +commence on Tuesday next, and occupy five days. The Catalogue, which has +been prepared by Messrs. Puttick and Simpson with their usual care, is +itself a very interesting document. Our limits will not of course admit +of our specifying a tithe of the curious and valuable articles which are +now to be brought to the hammer: but as specimens of the richness of the +collection, we will point out a few which are of importance, as +illustrative of English history. Lot 165, for instance, is _Charles I.'s +Marriage Contract with the Infanta of Spain_, a document of the highest +value, but which has not, we believe, as yet been printed either +accurately or entirely. Lot 184 is a most interesting letter from +_Charles II. to his Sister the Duchess of Orleans_, written from +Canterbury the day after he landed at Dover; while Lot 661 is a most +pathetic _Letter from the Duke of Monmouth to the Earl of Rochester_, +entreating his intercession with James, and written five days before his +execution. Lot 254 is _The Original Warrant to the Lord Mayor of London, +directing him to proclaim Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector of the +Commonwealth of England, Scotland, Ireland, and the Dominions thereto +belonging_; and Lot 500, a _Warrant of the Privy Council of Lady Jane +Gray_, is a document of the highest importance, as proving (what has +been doubted) that the Council of Lady Jane Grey did actually perform +official acts as a Council. These of course are among the gems of the +collection; but in the whole thousand lots there is not one but is of +interest. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Sage's (4. Newman's Row, Lincoln's Inn Fields) +Miscellaneous List for July, 1851, of Valuable and Interesting Books; T. +Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Books lately bought. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LIFE OF DR. ARNOLD. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +RAILWAY MAGAZINE or Journal, 1844 and 1845. + +KNIGHT'S SYMBOLICAL LANGUAGE, 1818. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. + +CLARKSON'S HISTORY OF RICHMOND, 2nd Edition, 4to. + +BRITISH POETS. Whittingham's Edition, boards or quires, without the +Plates. + +BEBELII ECCLESIA ANTE-DILUVIANA, &c. Argent. 4to. 1665. + +TYNDALE'S "PARABLE OF THE WICKED MAMMON." Any Edition prior to 1550. + +THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS. Courier's French Translation. + +BELL'S SYSTEM OF SURGERY. Vol. I. + +THE CHIRURGICAL WORKS OF PERCIVAL POTTS. Vol. I. + +BRYANT, DISSERT. ON THE WAR OF TROY. 4to. + +---- OBSERV. ON LE CHEVALIER'S PLAIN OF TROY. 4to. + +---- MORETT'S VINDIC. OF HOMER. 4to. + +BRYDGES, RES LITERARIAE, BIBL. AND CRITICAL. 3 Vols. 8vo. + +BYRES, ETRURIAN ANTIQUITIES, by Howard. Folio. + +CRITICAL OBSERVATIONS ON BOOKS; ANCIENT AND MODERN. 5 Vols. 8vo. + +DOMESDAY BOOK. 4 Vols. Folio. + +DRUMMOND, HISTORY OF NOBLE BRITISH FAMILIES. + +CORONA MISTICA BEATE VIRGINIS MARIE GLORIOSE. Impressa Antewerpie per G. +Leeu, 1492. + +PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio, Basil. 1522. + +BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 8vo. 1705. + +ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S TRADITIONARY TALES OF THE PEASANTRY. 2 Vols. 12mo. +Two copies wanted. + +Stewart's Philosophy of the Human Mind. 4to. Vol. I. + +ARTHUR YOUNG'S TRAVELS IN ITALY. + +THE DEMON, &c., by James Hinton. London: J. Mason. + +WANDELINI, IV EXERCITATIONES IN PERIODUM ANTE-DILUVIANUM HISTORIAE +SACRAE VET. TEST. Hafniae. 4to. 1652. + +STEPHANI THESAURUS. Valpy. Parts I. II. X. XI. and XXIX. + +The _Second Vol._ of CHAMBERS' CYCLOPAEDIA OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. + +AIKIN'S SELECT WORKS OF THE BRITISH POETS. 10 Vols. 24mo. Published by +Longmans and Co. 1821. Vols. I. V. and VIII. wanted. + +MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF FRANCE. Vol. II. 1830. + +MARKHAM'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. II. 1836. Sixth Edition. + +JAMES'S NAVAL HISTORY. (6 Vols. 8vo.) 1822-4. Vol. VI. + +HUME'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. (8 Vols. 1818.) Vol. IV. + +RUSSELL'S EUROPE, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. 4to. 1824. Vol. II. + +WATT'S BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICA, Part V. 4to. + +STRUTT'S MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. Vol. II. 4to. + +OLD BAYLEY SESSIONS PAPERS, 1744 to 1774, or any portion thereof. 4to. + +COLDEN'S HISTORY OF THE FIVE INDIAN NATIONS OF CANADA. Vol. I. 12mo. +Lond. 1755. + +HEARNE (T.) LELAND'S ITINERARY. Vol. I. II. III. and VII. + +D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. + +CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, o[\u] l'on traite de la +N[/e]cessit[/e], de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des +diff[/e]rentes Formes de la Souverainet[/e], selon les Principes de +l'Auteur de T[/e]l[/e]maque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but +printed in 1719. + +The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le +Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de F[/e]n[/e]lon," 12mo. +Londres, 1721. + +SIR THOS. ELYOT, THE GOVERNOUR. 1st Edit. 1531. + +BASTWICK (DR. JOS.) SUPPLEMENTUM, &c., 1635. + +ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF BISHOP BUTLER. + +MARLBOROUGH DISPATCHES. Volumes IV. and V. + +ART JOURNAL, 1839 to 1844 inclusive. Also 1849. + +BULWER'S NOVELS. 12mo. Published at 6_s._ per Vol. Pilgrims of the +Rhine, Alice, and Zanoni. + +DR. ADAMS' SERMON ON THE OBLIGATION OF VIRTUE. Any edition. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +LADY FLORA HASTINGS' BEQUEST. _The communications we have received +reiterating Miss Barber's claim to the authorship of this Poem shall +appear in our next number._ + +JARLTZBERG. _Will this correspondent say how we may address a +communication to him?_ + +_The necessity of making up our Paper earlier than usual in consequence +of issuing a_ DOUBLE NUMBER _has compelled us to omit two or three +Queries, to which, at the special request of the writers, we should +otherwise have given immediate insertion. They shall appear next week._ + +A. G. W. _will find the proverbial saying:_ + + "Quem Deus vult perdere prius dementat," + +_very fully illustrated in_ "NOTES AND QUERIEs," Vol. i., pp. 347. 351. +421. 476. + +AEGROTUS _is thanked. His communication has only been laid aside until +we have time to separate the different articles. Our correspondents +would greatly oblige us if they would, when writing on several subjects, +keep them separate and distinct. Are we at liberty to publish any of the +anecdotes contained in AEgrotus' last letter?_ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Kiss the Hare's Foot--Family of Kyme-Registry +of British Subjects Abroad--Coke and Cowper--Dr. Elrington's +Edition of Ussher--Dunmore Castle--Bummaree--Notation by +Coal-whippers--William Hone--Baronets of Ireland--Dryden and +Oldham--Bellarmin's Monstrous Paradox--Book Plates--Thread the +Needle--Miss or Mistress--Planets of the Month--Theobald +Anguilbert--Heu quanto minus--Peace Illumination--Salting the +Dead--Lady Flora Hastings' Bequest--P's and Q's--Nervous--Scandal +against Elizabeth--Mosaic--"Rack" in the Tempest--Jonah and the +Whale--Gooseberry Fool--Spencer Perceval--Sardonic Smiles._ + +CIRCULATION OF OUR PROSPECTUSES BY CORRESPONDENTS. _The suggestion of_ +T. E. H., _that by way of hastening the period when we shall be +justified in permanently enlarging our Paper to 24 pages, we should +forward copies of our_ PROSPECTUS _to correspondents who would kindly +enclose them to such friends as they think likely, from their love of +literature, to become subscribers to_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _has already +been acted upon by several friendly correspondents, to whom we are +greatly indebted. We shall be most happy to forward Prospectuses for +this purpose to any other of our friends able and willing thus to assist +towards increasing our circulation._ + +_The commencement of a New Volume with our 88th Number affords a +favourable opportunity to gentlemen resident in the country to commence +the work. The Subscription for the Stamped Edition of_ "NOTES AND +QUERIES" _is ten shillings and twopence for six months, which may be +paid by Post-Office Order, drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE +BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + +VOL. III., _neatly bound in cloth, and with very copious Index, is now +ready, price 9s. 6d._ VOLS. I. _and_ II. _may still be had, price 9s. +6d. each._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + + + +ENGLISH DICTIONARIES.--RICHARDSON'S New Dictionary, 2 vols. 4to., 1836, +cloth, 2_l._ 12_s._--Johnson's Dictionary, with Additions by Todd, 4 +vols. 4to., 1818, calf, gilt, 4_l._--Junii Etymologicum Anglicanum, +Oxon., 1743, folio. calf, 17_s._--Crabb's English Synonyms, 8vo., 1818, +bds., 9_s._ 6_d._--Forby's Vocabulary of East Anglia, 2 vols. 8vo., +1830, cloth, 10_s._ 6_d._--Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic and +Provincial Words, 2 vols. 8vo. 1850, cloth 17_s._ 6_d._ + + Catalogues of Cheap Dictionaries in all the languages of the World + gratis. + + B. QUARITCH, 16. 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Regent Street. + + +SOCIETY OF ARTS, ADELPHI, LONDON.--PHILOSOPHICAL TREATISES on the +various Departments of the GREAT EXHIBITION, which shall set forth the +peculiar Advantages to be derived from each by the Arts, Manufactures, +and Commerce of the country. + + The Council offer, in the name of the Society, the large MEDAL and + 25_l._ for the best, and the Society's small Medal and 10_l._ for + the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in the Section + of Raw Materials and Produce. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Machinery. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Manufactures. + + A large Medal and 25_l._ for the best, and a small Medal and + 10_l._ for the second best, Treatise on the Objects exhibited in + the Section of Fine Arts. + + Each Treatise must occupy, as nearly as possible, eighty pages of + the size of the Bridgewater Treatises. + + The Society will also award its large Medal and 25 guineas for the + best General Treatise upon the Exhibition, treated Commercially, + Politically, and Statistically and small Medals for the best + Treatises on any Special Object or Class of Objects exhibited. + + The successful Treatises are to be the Property of the Society; + and should the Council see fit, they will cause the same to be + printed and published, awarding to the Author the net amount of + any profit which may arise from the publication after the payment + of the expenses. + + The Competing Treatises are to be written on foolscap paper, + signed with a motto in the usual manner, and delivered at the + Society's House on or before the THIRTEENTH OF NOVEMBER, 1851, + addressed to George Grove, Esq., Secretary, from whom additional + particulars may be learned. + + By order of the Council, GEORGE GROVE, Sec. + + Adelphi, June 1. 1851. + Post 8vo., price One Shilling. + + +MR. SINGER'S "WORMWOOD;" embracing a restoration of the Author's reply, +mutilated in "NOTES AND QUERIES," No. 72.; with a Note on the Monk of +Bury; and a Reading of Shakespeare's Sonnet cxi., "supplementary to all +the Commentators." By H. K. STAPLE CAUSTON. + + London: HENRY KENT CAUSTON, Nag's Head Court, Gracechurch St. + + +Just published, price 7_s._ 6_d._, neatly bound in cloth. + + THREE TREATISES BY JOHN WYCKLYFFE, D.D. + I. OF THE CHURCH AND HER MEMBERS. + II. OF THE APOSTACY OF THE CHURCH. + III. OF ANTICHRIST AND HIS MEYNEE. + + Now first printed from a Manuscript in the Library of Trinity + College, Dublin, with Notes and a Glossary. By JAMES HENTHORN + TODD, D.D., Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Professor of Hebrew + in the University, and Treasurer of St. Patrick's Cathedral, + Dublin. + + EXTRACTS FROM THE PROSPECTUS. + + "The Tracts here collected are now, for the first time, printed. + They are interesting as being, perhaps, the latest of Wycklyffe's + writings, and as expressing, it may be presumed, his matured + opinions and judgement, on the important subjects of which they + treat. One of them, the Treatise _On the Church and its Members_, + contains internal evidence of having been composed within the last + year of the Reformer's life: the others, from their close + connexion with this, in style and subject-matter, were probably + written at the same time." + + "It is scarcely necessary to say that the Editor, in printing + these curious tracts, has no wish to recommend _all_ the doctrines + they advocate. His object is to make them known as documents + essential to the right understanding of the attempt made by + Wycklyffe and his followers for the reformation of the Church. + They are interesting also as monuments of the state of the English + language in the fourteenth century, and they throw great light on + the manners, customs, and religion of our ancestors at that + period. + + "Some _Notes_ have been added explanatory of obscure allusions, + and with verifications of the quotations from ancient writers, + occurring in the Text. A copious _Glossary_ has also been + compiled, to assist the reader in understanding the obsolete words + and spellings of the original. + + "The Editor is not without a hope that the publication of these + Treatises may direct the attention of influential scholars to the + importance of collecting and printing, under the care of competent + Editors, all the existing writings which remain in our libraries, + under the name of Wycklyffe and his contemporaries. Until this is + done, a most important period of our ecclesiastical history must + continue in comparative obscurity." + + Dublin: HODGES AND SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the + University. + + +THE GENERAL LAND DRAINAGE AND + + IMPROVEMENT COMPANY. + Incorporated by Act of Parliament, 12 and 13 Vict. c. 91. + DIRECTORS. + HENRY KER SEYMER, Esq., M.P., Hanford. 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To execute Improvements, under Contract, with Commissioners of + Sewers, Local Boards of Health, Corporations, Trustees, and other + Public Bodies. + + 4. To purchase Lands capable of Improvement, and fettered by + Restrictions of Entail; and having executed the necessary Works, + to resell them with a Title communicated by the Company's Act. + + Owners of Entailed Estates, Trustees, Mortgagees, Corporations. + Incumbents, Life Tenants, and other Persons having only limited + Interests, may obtain the use of the Company's Powers to carry out + every kind of permanent Improvement, either by the Application of + their own or the Company's Funds, secured by a yearly Charge on + the Property improved. + + Proposals for the Execution of Works to be addressed to + + WILLIAM CLIFFORD, Secretary + Offices, 52. Parliament Street, + Westminster. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London, and +published by GEORGE BELL of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, July 26, 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +-----------------------------------------------+-------------+ + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 91, +July 26, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, JULY 26, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 37778.txt or 37778.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/7/7/37778/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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