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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes index 6833f05..d7b82bc 100644 --- a/.gitattributes +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ -* text=auto -*.txt text -*.md text +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/38699-8.txt b/38699-0.txt index 401a18b..6777108 100644 --- a/38699-8.txt +++ b/38699-0.txt @@ -1,35 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary -(part 3 of 4: N-R), by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R) - -Author: Various - -Editor: Thomas Davidson - -Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38699] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. DICTIONARY (N-R) *** - - - - -Produced by Colin Bell, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 38699 *** Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they are listed at the end of the text. @@ -52,7 +21,7 @@ COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED EDITED BY REV. THOMAS DAVIDSON -ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA' +ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA' EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY' LONDON: 47 Paternoster Row @@ -87,10 +56,10 @@ short sounds, as in _lad_, _led_, _lid_, _lot_, _but_, _book_. The _marked vowels_ are shown in the following line, which is printed at the top of each page:-- -f[=a]te, fär; m[=e], h[.e]r; m[=i]ne; m[=o]te; m[=u]te; m[=oo]n; _th_en. +f[=a]te, fär; m[=e], h[.e]r; m[=i]ne; m[=o]te; m[=u]te; m[=oo]n; _th_en. -The vowel _u_ when marked thus, _ü_, has the sound heard in Scotch _bluid_, -_gude_, the French _du_, almost that of the German _ü_ in _Müller_. Where +The vowel _u_ when marked thus, _ü_, has the sound heard in Scotch _bluid_, +_gude_, the French _du_, almost that of the German _ü_ in _Müller_. Where more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that which is placed first is more accepted. @@ -129,7 +98,7 @@ established in good usage, by the adoption of _-or_ for _-our_, as _color_, _labor_, &c.; of _-er_ for _-re_, as _center_, _meter_, &c.; _-ize_ for _-ise_, as _civilize_, &c.; the use of a uniform single consonant after an unaccented vowel, as _traveler_ for _traveller_; the adoption of _e_ for -_oe_ or _æ_ in _hemorrhage_, _diarrhea_, &c. +_oe_ or _æ_ in _hemorrhage_, _diarrhea_, &c. THE MEANINGS.--The current and most important meaning of a word is usually given first. But in cases like _Clerk_, _Livery_, _Marshal_, where the @@ -386,7 +355,7 @@ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY. Peruv. Peruvian. Pol. Polish. Port. Portuguese. - Prov. Provençal. + Prov. Provençal. Rom. Romance. Russ. Russian Sans. Sanskrit. @@ -415,7 +384,7 @@ nasal-dental: (_chem._) the symbol for nitrogen: (_math._) an indefinite constant whole number, esp. the degree of a quantic or an equation: as a numeral, formerly, N=90, and ([=N])=90,000. -NA, nä, a Scotch form of _no_. +NA, nä, a Scotch form of _no_. NAB, nab, _v.t._ to seize suddenly:--_pr.p._ nab'bing; _pa.p._ nabbed. [Sw. _nappa_; Dan. _nappe_, to catch.] @@ -423,7 +392,7 @@ _nappa_; Dan. _nappe_, to catch.] NAB, nab, _n._ a hill-top: the projecting cavity fixed to the jamb of a door to receive the latch or bolt: (_obs._) a hat. [For _knab_=_knap_.] -NABATÆAN, nab-a-t[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to a once powerful Arab +NABATÆAN, nab-a-t[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to a once powerful Arab people who formerly dwelt on the east and south-east of Palestine, identified by some with the _Nebaioth_ of Isa. lx. 7, the _Nabathites_ of 1 Maccab. v. 25.--Also NABATH[=E]'AN. @@ -433,7 +402,7 @@ Spina-Christi_). [Prob. Ar.] NABOB, n[=a]'bob, _n._ a deputy or governor under the Mogul Empire: a European who has enriched himself in the East: any man of great wealth. -[Corr. of Hind. _nawwâb_, a deputy, from Ar. _naww[=a]b_, pl. (used as +[Corr. of Hind. _nawwâb_, a deputy, from Ar. _naww[=a]b_, pl. (used as sing.) of _n[=a]ib_, a deputy.] NACARAT, nak'a-rat, _n._ a light-red colour, scarlet: a fabric of this @@ -449,11 +418,11 @@ NADIR, n[=a]'dir, _n._ the point of the heavens diametrically opposite to the zenith: the lowest point of anything. [Fr.,--Ar. _naz[=i]r_, from _nazara_, to be like.] -NÆVUS, n[=e]'vus, _n._ a birth-mark: a congenital growth strictly on a part -of the skin, whether a _pigmentary nævus_ or mole, or a _vascular naevus_ +NÆVUS, n[=e]'vus, _n._ a birth-mark: a congenital growth strictly on a part +of the skin, whether a _pigmentary nævus_ or mole, or a _vascular naevus_ or overgrowth of capillary blood-vessels--also _Mother-spot_ or -_Birth-mark_--also NÆVE, NEVE:--_pl._ NÆ'V[=I].--_adjs._ NÆ'VOID, NÆ'VOUS, -NÆ'VOSE. [L.] +_Birth-mark_--also NÆVE, NEVE:--_pl._ NÆ'V[=I].--_adjs._ NÆ'VOID, NÆ'VOUS, +NÆ'VOSE. [L.] NAG, nag, _n._ a horse, but particularly a small one--(_Scot._) NAIG: (_Shak._) a jade. [M. E. _nagge_--Mid. Dut. _negge_, _negghe_ (mod. Dut. @@ -463,7 +432,7 @@ NAG, nag, _v.t._ to worry or annoy continually: to tease or vex: to find fault with constantly:--_pr.p._ nag'ging; _pa.p._ nagged.--_n._ NAG'GER. [Cf. _Gnaw_.] -NAGA, nä'ga, _n._ the name of deified serpents in Hindu mythology. +NAGA, nä'ga, _n._ the name of deified serpents in Hindu mythology. NAGARI. See DEVA-NAGARI. @@ -475,16 +444,16 @@ NAIANT, n[=a]'yant, _adj._ floating: (_her._) swimming, as a fish placed horizontally across a shield. [L. _nans_, _nantis_, pr.p. of _nat[=a]re_, to swim.] -NAÏF, nä-[=e]f', NAÏVE, nä-[=e]v', _adj._ with natural or unaffected +NAÃF, nä-[=e]f', NAÃVE, nä-[=e]v', _adj._ with natural or unaffected simplicity, esp. in thought, manners, or speech: artless: -ingenuous.--_adv._ NAÏVE'LY.--_n._ NAÏVETÉ (nä-[=e]v-t[=a]'), natural -simplicity and unreservedness of thought, manner, or speech. [Fr. _naïf_, -fem, _naïve_--L. _nativus_, native--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] +ingenuous.--_adv._ NAÃVE'LY.--_n._ NAÃVETÉ (nä-[=e]v-t[=a]'), natural +simplicity and unreservedness of thought, manner, or speech. [Fr. _naïf_, +fem, _naïve_--L. _nativus_, native--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] NAIL, n[=a]l, _n._ one of the flattened, elastic, horny plates placed as protective coverings on the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes: the claw of a bird or other animal: a thin pointed piece -of metal for fastening wood: a measure of length (2¼ inches):--_v.t._ to +of metal for fastening wood: a measure of length (2¼ inches):--_v.t._ to fasten with nails: to make certain: to confirm, pin down, hold fast: to catch or secure through promptitude; to trip up or expose.--_ns._ NAIL'-BRUSH, a small brush for cleaning the nails; NAIL'ER, one whose trade @@ -496,7 +465,7 @@ into nails: a trade name for a strong kind of manufactured tobacco.--NAIL TO THE COUNTER, to expose publicly as false, from the habit of nailing a counterfeit coin to a shop counter.--DRIVE A NAIL IN ONE'S COFFIN (see COFFIN); HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD, to touch the exact point; ON THE NAIL, -on the spot: immediately: without delay. [A.S. _nægel_; Ger. _nagel_.] +on the spot: immediately: without delay. [A.S. _nægel_; Ger. _nagel_.] NAINSELL, n[=a]n'sel, _n._ own self--_Highland Scotch_. @@ -504,10 +473,10 @@ NAINSOOK, n[=a]n's[=oo]k, _n._ a kind of muslin like jaconet, both plain and striped. [Hind.] NAISSANT, n[=a]s'sant, _adj._ (_her._) rising or coming forth, as an animal -newly born or about to be born. [Fr., pr.p. of _naître_--L. _nasci_, +newly born or about to be born. [Fr., pr.p. of _naître_--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] -NAÏVE. See NAÏF. +NAÃVE. See NAÃF. NAKED, n[=a]'ked, _adj._ without clothes: uncovered: open to view: unconcealed: evident: unarmed: defenceless: unprovided: without addition or @@ -604,7 +573,7 @@ NAPLES-YELLOW, n[=a]'plz-yel'l[=o], _n._ a light-yellow pigment consisting of antimoniate of lead, originally made in Italy by a secret process. NAPOLEON, na-p[=o]'l[=e]-on, _n._ a French gold coin worth 20 francs, or -about 15s. 10½d.: a French modification of the game of euchre, each player +about 15s. 10½d.: a French modification of the game of euchre, each player receiving five cards and playing for himself: a kind of rich iced cake.--_adj._ NAPOLEON'IC, relating to _Napoleon I_. or _III_., the Great or the Little.--_ns._ NAP[=O]'LEONISM; NAP[=O]'LEONIST.--GO NAP, to declare @@ -630,17 +599,17 @@ NAR'COTINE, one of the organic bases or alkaloids occurring in opium.--_v.t._ NAR'COTISE.--_n._ NAR'COTISM, the influence of narcotics, or the effects produced by their use. [Fr.,--Gr. _nark[=e]_, torpor.] -NARD, närd, _n._ an aromatic plant usually called _Spikenard_: an ointment +NARD, närd, _n._ an aromatic plant usually called _Spikenard_: an ointment prepared from it.--_adj._ NARD'INE. [Fr.,--L. _nardus_--Gr. _nardos_--Pers. _nard_--Sans. _nalada_, from Sans. _nal_, to smell.] -NARDOO, när-d[=oo]', _n._ an Australian cryptogamic plant whose spore-cases +NARDOO, när-d[=oo]', _n._ an Australian cryptogamic plant whose spore-cases are eaten by the natives. -NARDUS, när'dus, _n._ a genus of grasses, having but one species, _Nardus +NARDUS, när'dus, _n._ a genus of grasses, having but one species, _Nardus stricta_, mat-grass. -NARGHILE, när'gi-le, _n._ an Eastern tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is +NARGHILE, när'gi-le, _n._ an Eastern tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is passed through water.--Also NAR'GILE, NAR'GILEH, NAR'GILI. [Pers.] NARIS, n[=a]'ris, _n._ a nostril:--_pl._ N[=A]'RES.--_adjs._ NAR'IAL, @@ -657,7 +626,7 @@ NARR'ATIVELY.--_n._ NARR[=A]'TOR, one who narrates: one who tells or states facts, &c.--_adj._ NARR'ATORY, like narrative: consisting of narrative. [Fr.,--L. _narr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_gn[=a]rus_, knowing.] -NARRE, när, _adj._ (_Spens._) an older form of _near_. +NARRE, när, _adj._ (_Spens._) an older form of _near_. NARROW, nar'[=o], _adj._ of little breadth: of small extent from side to side: limited: contracted in mind: bigoted: not liberal: selfish: within a @@ -665,7 +634,7 @@ small distance: almost too small: close: accurate: careful.--_n._ (oftener used in the _pl._) a narrow passage, channel, or strait.--_v.t._ to make narrow: to contract or confine.--_v.i._ to become narrow: to reduce the number of stitches in knitting.--_adj._ NARR'OW-GAUGE, denoting a railroad -of less width than 4 ft. 8½ in.--_n._ NARR'OWING, the act of making less in +of less width than 4 ft. 8½ in.--_n._ NARR'OWING, the act of making less in breadth: the state of being contracted: the part of anything which is made narrower.--_adv._ NARR'OWLY.--_adj._ NARR'OW-MIND'ED, of a narrow or illiberal mind.--_ns._ NARR'OW-MIND'EDNESS; NARR'OWNESS.--_adjs._ @@ -679,9 +648,9 @@ NARTHEX, nar'theks, _n._ a former genus of umbelliferous plants, now included in _Ferula_: a portico or lobby in an early Christian or Oriental church or basilica. [L.,--Gr., _narth[=e]x_.] -NARWHAL, när'hwal, NARWAL, när'wal, _n._ the sea-unicorn, a mammal of the +NARWHAL, när'hwal, NARWAL, när'wal, _n._ the sea-unicorn, a mammal of the whale family with one large projecting tusk. [Dan. _narhval_--Ice. -_náhvalr_, 'corpse-whale,' from the creature's pallid colour (Ice. _nár_, +_náhvalr_, 'corpse-whale,' from the creature's pallid colour (Ice. _nár_, corpse).] NARY, ner'i, a provincial corruption of _ne'er a_, _never a_. @@ -710,7 +679,7 @@ grow.--_n._ NAS'CENCY, the beginning of production: birth or origin. [L. _nascens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] NASEBERRY, n[=a]z'ber-i, _n._ an American tropical tree.--Also NEES'BERRY, -NIS'BERRY. [Sp. _níspero_--L. _mespilus_, medlar.] +NIS'BERRY. [Sp. _nÃspero_--L. _mespilus_, medlar.] NASTURTIUM, nas-tur'shi-um, _n._ the water-cress. [L., _nasus_, the nose, _torqu[=e]re_, _tortum_, to twist.] @@ -742,10 +711,10 @@ NATCH, nach, _n._ (_prov._) the rump. NATCH, nach, _n._ a provincial form of _notch_. NATHLESS, nath'les, _adj._ not the less: nevertheless.--Also NATHE'LESS. -[A.S. _ná thý læs_, not the less.] +[A.S. _ná thý læs_, not the less.] NATHMORE, nath'm[=o]r, _adv._ (_Spens._) not or never the more.--Also -NATH'MOE. [A.S. _ná thý mára_.] +NATH'MOE. [A.S. _ná thý mára_.] NATION, n[=a]'shun, _n._ a body of people born of the same stock: the people inhabiting the same country, or under the same government: a race: a @@ -861,8 +830,8 @@ _natura_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] NAUGHT, nawt, _n._ no-whit, nothing.--_adv._ in no degree.--_adj._ of no value or account: worthless: bad.--BE NAUGHT, an obsolete form of malediction; COME TO NAUGHT, to come to nothing, to fail; SET AT NAUGHT, to -treat as of no account, to despise. [Another form of _nought_. A.S. _náht_, -_náwiht_--_ná_, not, _wiht_, a whit.] +treat as of no account, to despise. [Another form of _nought_. A.S. _náht_, +_náwiht_--_ná_, not, _wiht_, a whit.] NAUGHTY, nawt'i, _adj._ bad in conduct or speech: mischievous: perverse: disagreeable.--_adv._ NAUGHT'ILY.--_n._ NAUGHT'INESS. @@ -978,7 +947,7 @@ NAZARITE, naz'ar-[=i]t, _n._ a Jew who vowed to abstain from strong drink, &c.--also NAZ'IRITE.--_n._ NAZ'ARITISM, the vow and practice of a Nazarite. [Heb. _n[=a]zar_, to consecrate.] -NAZE, n[=a]z, _n._ a headland or cape. [Scand., as in Dan. _næs_; a doublet +NAZE, n[=a]z, _n._ a headland or cape. [Scand., as in Dan. _næs_; a doublet of _ness_.] NAZIR, na-z[=e]r', _n._ a native official in an Anglo-Indian court who @@ -987,7 +956,7 @@ serves summonses, &c. [Ar.] NE, ne, _adv._ not: never. [A.S. _ne_; cf. _Nay_.] NEAF, n[=e]f, _n._ the fist--(_Scot._) NEIVE. [M. E. _nefe_--Ice. _hnefi_, -_nefi_; cf. Sw. _näfve_, the fist.] +_nefi_; cf. Sw. _näfve_, the fist.] NEAL, n[=e]l, _v.t._ to temper by heat.--_v.i._ to be tempered by heat. [Cf. _Anneal_.] @@ -997,12 +966,12 @@ correlations of the early adolescent stages of an animal.--_adj._ NEALOG'IC. [Gr. _neos_, young, logia--_legein_, to speak.] NEANDERTHALOID, n[=e]-an'd[.e]r-tal-oid, _adj._ like the low type of skull -found in 1857 in a cave in the _Neanderthal_, a valley between Düsseldorf +found in 1857 in a cave in the _Neanderthal_, a valley between Düsseldorf and Elberfeld. NEAP, n[=e]p, _adj._ low, applied to the lowest tides.--_n._ a neap-tide: the lowest point of the tide.--_adj._ NEAPED, left aground from one high -tide to another. [A.S. _nép_, orig. _hnép_; Dan. _knap_, Ice. _neppr_, +tide to another. [A.S. _nép_, orig. _hnép_; Dan. _knap_, Ice. _neppr_, scanty.] NEAPOLITAN, n[=e]-a-pol'i-tan, _adj._ pertaining to the city of Naples or @@ -1020,8 +989,8 @@ NEAR'LY, at no great distance: closely: intimately: pressingly: almost: stingily.--_n._ NEAR'NESS, the state of being near: closeness: intimacy: close alliance: stinginess.--_adj._ NEAR'-SIGHT'ED, seeing distinctly only when near, myopic, short-sighted.--_n._ NEAR'-SIGHT'EDNESS.--NEAR POINT, -the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. _neár_, comp. of _neáh_, nigh; -Ice. _nær_; Ger. _näher_.] +the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. _neár_, comp. of _neáh_, nigh; +Ice. _nær_; Ger. _näher_.] NEARCTIC, n[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the northern part of the New World--embracing temperate and arctic North America. @@ -1030,14 +999,14 @@ NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ belonging to the bovine genus.--_n._ black-cattle: an ox or cow.--_ns._ NEAT'-HERD, one who herds, or has the care of, neat or cattle; NEAT'-HOUSE, a building for the shelter of neat-cattle.--NEAT'S-FOOT OIL, an oil obtained from the feet of oxen; -NEAT'S LEATHER, leather made of the hides of neat-cattle. [A.S. _neát_, -cattle, a beast--_neótan_, _niótan_, to use; cf. Scot. _nowt_, +NEAT'S LEATHER, leather made of the hides of neat-cattle. [A.S. _neát_, +cattle, a beast--_neótan_, _niótan_, to use; cf. Scot. _nowt_, black-cattle.] NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ trim: tidy: clean: well-shaped: without mixture or adulteration: finished, adroit, clever, skilful.--_adj._ NEAT'-HAND'ED, dexterous.--_adv._ NEAT'LY.--_n._ NEAT'NESS. [Fr. _net_--L. _nitidus_, -shining--_nìt[=e]re_, to shine.] +shining--_nìt[=e]re_, to shine.] NEB, neb, _n._ the beak of a bird: the nose: the sharp point of anything.--_adj._ NEBB'Y (_Scot._), saucy. [A.S. _nebb_, the face; cog. @@ -1056,12 +1025,12 @@ priests and votaries. NEBULA, neb'[=u]-la, _n._ a little cloud: a faint, misty appearance in the heavens produced either by a group of stars too distant to be seen singly, -or by diffused gaseous matter:--_pl._ NEB'ULÆ.--_adjs._ NEB'ULAR, -pertaining to nebulæ: like nebulæ; NEBULÉ (neb-[=u]-l[=a]'), curved in and +or by diffused gaseous matter:--_pl._ NEB'ULÆ.--_adjs._ NEB'ULAR, +pertaining to nebulæ: like nebulæ; NEBULÉ (neb-[=u]-l[=a]'), curved in and out (_her._); NEB'ULOSE, NEB'ULOUS, misty, hazy, vague: relating to, or having the appearance of, a nebula.--_ns._ NEBULOS'ITY, NEB'ULOUSNESS.--NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, the theory of Laplace and Sir W. -Herschel that nebulæ form the earliest stage in the formation of stars and +Herschel that nebulæ form the earliest stage in the formation of stars and planets. [L.; Gr. _nephel[=e]_, cloud, mist.] NECESSARY, nes'es-sar-i, _adj._ that must be: that cannot be otherwise: @@ -1144,9 +1113,9 @@ NECTOC[=A]'LYCES. NEDDY, ned'i, _n._ a donkey. [From _Ned_=Edward.] -NÉE, n[=a], _adj._ born: placed before a married woman's maiden-name, to -show her own family, as Rebecca Crawley, _née_ Sharp. [Fr., fem. of _né_, -pa.p. of _naître_, to be born--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] +NÉE, n[=a], _adj._ born: placed before a married woman's maiden-name, to +show her own family, as Rebecca Crawley, _née_ Sharp. [Fr., fem. of _né_, +pa.p. of _naître_, to be born--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] NEED, n[=e]d, _n._ want of something which one cannot do without: necessity: a state that requires relief: want of the means of @@ -1160,7 +1129,7 @@ NEED'LESSLY.--_n._ NEED'LESSNESS.--_adv._ NEED'LY (_Shak._), necessarily.--_n._ NEED'MENT, something needed.--_adv._ NEEDS, of necessity: indispensably--often used with _must_, as 'needs must.'--_adj._ NEED'Y, very poor: requisite.--_n._ NEED'YHOOD.--THE NEEDFUL (_slang_), -ready money. [A.S. _néd_, _niéd_, _nýd_; Dut. _nood_, Ger. _noth_.] +ready money. [A.S. _néd_, _niéd_, _nýd_; Dut. _nood_, Ger. _noth_.] NEEDLE, n[=e]d'l, _n._ a small, sharp-pointed steel instrument, with an eye for a thread--(_Shak._) NEELD, NEELE: any slender, pointed instrument like @@ -1182,7 +1151,7 @@ and other trees.--_ns._ NEED'LE-TEL'EGRAPH, a telegraph the receiver of which gives its messages by the deflections of a magnetic needle; NEED'LEWOMAN, a woman who makes her living by her needle, a seamstress; NEED'LEWORK, work done with a needle: the business of a seamstress.--_adj._ -NEED'LY, thorny. [A.S. _n['æ]dl_; Ger. _nadel_; cog. with Ger. _nähen_, to +NEED'LY, thorny. [A.S. _n['æ]dl_; Ger. _nadel_; cog. with Ger. _nähen_, to sew, L. _n[=e]re_, to spin.] NEEP, a Scotch form of _turnip_. @@ -1240,9 +1209,9 @@ things: slighting.--_adv._ NEGLECT'FULLY.--_n._ NEGLECT'FULNESS.--_adj._ NEGLECT'IBLE.--_adv._ NEGLECT'INGLY, carelessly: heedlessly. [L. _neglig[)e]re_, _neglectum_--_nec_, not, _leg[)e]re_, to gather.] -NEGLIGÉE, neg-li-zh[=a]', _n._ easy undress: a plain, loose gown: a +NEGLIGÉE, neg-li-zh[=a]', _n._ easy undress: a plain, loose gown: a necklace, usually of red coral.--_adj._ carelessly or unceremoniously -dressed: careless. [Fr., fem. of _négligé_--_négliger_, to neglect.] +dressed: careless. [Fr., fem. of _négligé_--_négliger_, to neglect.] NEGLIGENCE, neg'li-jens, _n._ fact or quality of being negligent: want of proper care: habitual neglect: a single act of carelessness or neglect, a @@ -1268,7 +1237,7 @@ leisure.] NEGRITO, ne-gr[=e]'to, _n._ the Spanish name for certain tribes of negro-like diminutive people in the interior of some of the Philippine -Islands--also _Aëtas_ or _Itas_: in a wider sense, the Papuans and all the +Islands--also _Aëtas_ or _Itas_: in a wider sense, the Papuans and all the Melanesian peoples of Polynesia. NEGRO, n[=e]'gr[=o], _n._ one of the black-skinned woolly-haired race in @@ -1291,9 +1260,9 @@ NEIF, n[=e]f, _n._ (_Shak._) the fist. NEIGH, n[=a], _v.i._ to utter the cry of a horse:--_pr.p._ neigh'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p_. neighed (n[=a]d).--_n._ the cry of a horse--(_Scot._) -NICH'ER. [A.S. _hn['æ]gan_; Ice. _hneggja_.] +NICH'ER. [A.S. _hn['æ]gan_; Ice. _hneggja_.] -NEIGHBOUR, nä'bur, _n._ a person who dwells, sits, or stands near another: +NEIGHBOUR, nä'bur, _n._ a person who dwells, sits, or stands near another: one who is on friendly terms with another.--_adj._ (_B._) neighbouring.--_v.i._ to live near each other.--_v.t._ to be near to.--_n._ NEIGH'BOURHOOD, state of being neighbours, kindly feeling: adjoining @@ -1301,15 +1270,15 @@ district or the people living in it: a district generally, esp. with reference to its inhabitants.--_adj._ NEIGH'BOURING, being near: adjoining.--_n._ NEIGH'BOURLINESS.--_adjs._ NEIGH'BOURLY, like or becoming a neighbour: friendly: social--also _adv._; NEIGH'BOUR-STAINED (_Shak._), -stained with neighbours' blood. [A.S. _neáhbúr_, _neáhgebúr_--A.S. _neáh_, -near, _gebúr_ or _búr_, a farmer.] +stained with neighbours' blood. [A.S. _neáhbúr_, _neáhgebúr_--A.S. _neáh_, +near, _gebúr_ or _búr_, a farmer.] NEIST, n[=e]st, a dialectic form of _next_. NEITHER, n[=e]'_th_[.e]r, or n[=i]'_th_[.e]r, _adj._ and _pron._ not either.--_conj._ not either: and not: nor yet.--_adv._ not at all: in no -case. [A.S. _ná_th_er, náw_th_er_, abbrev. of _náhwæther_--_ne_, not, -_áhwæther_, _áwther_, either.] +case. [A.S. _ná_th_er, náw_th_er_, abbrev. of _náhwæther_--_ne_, not, +_áhwæther_, _áwther_, either.] NEIVIE-NICK-NACK, n[=e]'vi-nik'-nak, _n._ a Scotch children's game of guessing in which hand a thing is held while the holder repeats a rhyme @@ -1323,17 +1292,17 @@ NEMALITE, nem'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a fibrous hydrate of magnesia. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _lithos_, a stone.] NEMATHECIUM, nem-a-th[=e]'si-um, _n._ a wart-like elevation on the surface -of the thallus of certain florideous algæ. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, +of the thallus of certain florideous algæ. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _th[=e]kion_, _th[=e]k[=e]_, case.] NEMATHELMINTHES, nem-a-thel-min'thez, _n.pl._ a name applied to the thread-worms or nematodes (as _Ascaris_, _Guinea-worm_, _Trichina_), to the -somewhat distinct _Gordiidæ_ or _hair-eels_, and to the more remotely +somewhat distinct _Gordiidæ_ or _hair-eels_, and to the more remotely allied _Acanthocephala_ or _Echinorhynchus_.--Also NEMATHELMIN'THA.--_adjs._ NEMATHEL'MINTH, -IC. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _helmins_, _-minthos_, worm.] -NEMATOCEROUS, nem-a-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having long thready antennæ, as a +NEMATOCEROUS, nem-a-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having long thready antennæ, as a dipterous insect. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _keras_, a horn.] NEMATOCYST, nem'a-t[=o]-sist, _n._ a cnida, one of the offensive organs of @@ -1358,7 +1327,7 @@ justice.--_adj._ NEMES'IC. [Gr.,--_nemein_, to distribute.] NEMO, n[=e]'mo, _n._ nobody: a nobody. [L.] -NEMOCEROUS, n[=e]-mos'e-rus, _adj._ having filamentous antennæ. +NEMOCEROUS, n[=e]-mos'e-rus, _adj._ having filamentous antennæ. NEMORAL, nem'o-ral, _adj._ pertaining to a wood or grove.--_n._ NEMOPH'ILIST.--_adjs._ NEMOPH'ILOUS, fond of woods, inhabiting woods; @@ -1381,8 +1350,8 @@ so-called _Neo-Christianity_, which merely means old Rationalism. NEOCOMIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-k[=o]'mi-an, _adj._ and _n._ (_geol._) of or pertaining to the lower division of the Cretaceous system, including the -Lower Greensand and the Wealden of English geologists. [Græcised from -_Neuchâtel_, near which is its typical region; Gr. _neos_, new, +Lower Greensand and the Wealden of English geologists. [Græcised from +_Neuchâtel_, near which is its typical region; Gr. _neos_, new, _k[=o]m[=e]_, a village.] NEOCOSMIC, n[=e]-[=o]-koz'mik, _adj._ pertaining to the present condition @@ -1412,7 +1381,7 @@ NEOLITE, n[=e]'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green silicate of aluminium and magnesium. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a stone.] NEOLITHIC, n[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ applied to the more recent implements -of the stone age--opp. to _Palæolithic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a +of the stone age--opp. to _Palæolithic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a stone.] NEOLOGY, n[=e]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the introduction of new words, or new senses @@ -1470,7 +1439,7 @@ NEOTROPICAL, n[=e]-[=o]-trop'i-kal, _adj._ applied to the part of the New World including tropical and South America and the adjacent islands. NEOZOIC, n[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting all rocks from the Trias down -to the most recent formations, as opposed to _Palæozoic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, +to the most recent formations, as opposed to _Palæozoic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _zo[=e]_, life.] NEP, nep, _n._ (_prov._) a knot in a fibre of cotton. @@ -1531,12 +1500,12 @@ of the Amaryllis family, with scarlet or rose-coloured flowers.--The Guernsey Lily is the _Nerine Sarniensis_. NERITE, n[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a gasteropod of the genus _Nerita_ or the family -_Neritidæ_.--_adj._ NERIT[=A]'CEAN. +_Neritidæ_.--_adj._ NERIT[=A]'CEAN. NERIUM, n[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of Mediterranean shrubs, with fragrant and showy pink, white, or yellowish flowers, the oleander. -NERO, n[=e]'ro, _n._ the last emperor of the family of the Cæsars, at Rome +NERO, n[=e]'ro, _n._ the last emperor of the family of the Cæsars, at Rome (54-68 A.D.): any cruel and wicked tyrant.--_adj._ NER[=O]'NIAN. NERO-ANTICO, n[=a]-r[=o]-an-t[=e]'ko, _n._ a deep-black marble found in @@ -1577,7 +1546,7 @@ know.] NESH, nesh, _adj._ (_prov._) soft, crumbly: tender.--_v.t._ NESH'EN, to make tender. -NESHAMAH, nesh'a-mä, _n._ the highest degree of the soul in the cabbalistic +NESHAMAH, nesh'a-mä, _n._ the highest degree of the soul in the cabbalistic system. NESIOTE, n[=e]'si-[=o]t, _adj._ insular. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island.] @@ -1585,11 +1554,11 @@ NESIOTE, n[=e]'si-[=o]t, _adj._ insular. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island.] NESKI, nes'ki, _n._ the cursive hand generally used in Arabic.--Also NESH'KI. [Ar.] -NESOGÆAN, n[=e]-s[=o]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Nesogæa--Polynesia or +NESOGÆAN, n[=e]-s[=o]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Nesogæa--Polynesia or Oceania, New Zealand excepted, with regard to the distribution of its animals. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island, _gaia_, the earth.] -NESS, nes, _n._ a promontory or headland. [A.S. _næss_; a doublet of +NESS, nes, _n._ a promontory or headland. [A.S. _næss_; a doublet of _naze_, prob. conn. with _nose_.] NEST, nest, _n._ the bed formed by a bird for hatching her young: the place @@ -1756,7 +1725,7 @@ unaccented syllables.--ARMED NEUTRALITY, the condition of a neutral power ready to repel aggression from either belligerent. [L. _neutralis_--_neuter_, neither.] -NÉVÉ, n[=a]-v[=a]', _n._ the same as _firn_ or _glacier snow_. [Fr.,--L. +NÉVÉ, n[=a]-v[=a]', _n._ the same as _firn_ or _glacier snow_. [Fr.,--L. _nix_, _nivis_, snow.] NEVEL, nev'el, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat with the fists. @@ -1764,7 +1733,7 @@ NEVEL, nev'el, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat with the fists. NEVER, nev'[.e]r, _adv._ not ever: at no time: in no degree: not.--_adv._ NEV'ERMORE, at no future time.--_conj._ NEVERTHELESS', notwithstanding: in spite of that (earlier _Natheless_).--_adv._ NEVERTHEMORE' (_Spens._), none -the more. [A.S. _n['æ]fre_--_ne_, not, _['æ]fre_, ever.] +the more. [A.S. _n['æ]fre_--_ne_, not, _['æ]fre_, ever.] NEW, n[=u], _adj._ lately made: having happened lately: recent, modern: not before seen or known: strange, different: recently commenced: changed for @@ -1794,7 +1763,7 @@ STYLE); NEW WOMAN, a name humorously applied to such modern women as rebel against the conventional restrictions of their sex, and ape men in their freedom, education, pursuits, amusements, clothing, manners, and sometimes morals; NEW WORLD, North and South America; NEW-YEAR'S DAY, the first day -of the new year. [A.S. _níwe_, _neówe_; Ger. _neu_, Ir. _nuadh_, L. +of the new year. [A.S. _nÃwe_, _neówe_; Ger. _neu_, Ir. _nuadh_, L. _novus_, Gr. _neos_.] NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_archit._) the upright column about which the steps @@ -1805,8 +1774,8 @@ NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_Spens._) a new thing: a novelty. NEWFANGLED, n[=u]-fang'gld, _adj._ fond of new things: newly devised, novel.--_adv._ NEWFANG'LEDLY.--_ns._ NEWFANG'LEDNESS, NEWFANG'LENESS. -[Corr. from M. E. _newefangel_--_newe_ (A.S. _níwe_), new, _fangel_ (A.S. -_fangen_--_fón_), ready to catch.] +[Corr. from M. E. _newefangel_--_newe_ (A.S. _nÃwe_), new, _fangel_ (A.S. +_fangen_--_fón_), ready to catch.] NEWFOUNDLAND, n[=u]-fownd'land, _n._ a large dog of great intelligence, a strong swimmer, black without any white markings, first brought from @@ -1846,8 +1815,8 @@ NEWTON'IC.--NEWTONIAN TELESCOPE, a form of reflecting telescope. NEXT, nekst, _adj._ (_superl._ of NIGH) nearest in place, time, &c.--_adv._ nearest or immediately after.--_prep._ nearest to.--_n._ NEXT'NESS.--NEXT -DOOR TO (see DOOR); NEXT TO NOTHING, almost nothing at all. [A.S. _néhst_, -superl. of _néh_, _neáh_, near; Ger. _nächst_.] +DOOR TO (see DOOR); NEXT TO NOTHING, almost nothing at all. [A.S. _néhst_, +superl. of _néh_, _neáh_, near; Ger. _nächst_.] NEXUS, nek'sus, _n._ a tie, connecting principle, bond: (_Rom. law_) a person who had contracted a _nexum_ or obligation of such a kind that, if @@ -1879,7 +1848,7 @@ fastidiousness: that which is delicate to the taste: a delicacy.--TO A NICETY, with great exactness. [O. Fr. _nice_, foolish, simple--L. _nescius_, ignorant--_ne_, not, _sc[=i]re_, to know.] -NICENE, n[=i]'s[=e]n, _adj._ pertaining to the town of _Nice_ or _Nicæa_, +NICENE, n[=i]'s[=e]n, _adj._ pertaining to the town of _Nice_ or _Nicæa_, in Bithynia, Asia Minor, where an ecumenical council was held in 325 for the purpose of defining the questions raised in the Arian controversy--it promulgated the _Nicene Creed_. A second council, the seventh general @@ -1999,7 +1968,7 @@ NIGGARD, nig'ard, _n._ a person who is unwilling to spend or give away: a miser.--_adjs._ NIGG'ARD, NIGG'ARDLY, having the qualities of a niggard: miserly; NIGG'ARDISH, rather niggardly.--_n._ NIGG'ARDLINESS, meanness in giving or spending--(_Spens._) NIGG'ARDISE.--_adv._ NIGG'ARDLY. [Ice. -_hnöggr_, stingy; Ger. _genau_, close.] +_hnöggr_, stingy; Ger. _genau_, close.] NIGGER, nig'[.e]r, _n._ a black man, a negro: a native of the East Indies or one of the Australian aborigines: a black caterpillar: a Cornish @@ -2016,7 +1985,7 @@ be a variant of _nick_.] NIGH, n[=i], _adj._ near: not distant in place or time: not far off in degree, kindred, &c.: close.--_adv._ nearly: almost.--_prep._ near to: not distant from.--_adv._ NIGH'LY, nearly: within a little.--_n._ NIGH'NESS, -the state or quality of being nigh: nearness. [A.S. _néah_, _néh_; Dut. +the state or quality of being nigh: nearness. [A.S. _néah_, _néh_; Dut. _na_, Ger. _nahe_.] NIGHT, n[=i]t, _n._ the end of the day: the time from sunset to sunrise: @@ -2169,13 +2138,13 @@ ninety: next after the eighty-ninth.--_n._ a ninetieth part.--_adj._ and _n._ NINE'TY, nine tens.--_adj._ NINTH, the last of nine: next after the eighth.--_n._ one of nine equal parts.--_adv._ NINTH'LY, in the ninth place.--NINE DAYS' WONDER (see WONDER); NINE MEN'S MORRIS (see MORRIS); -NINE WORTHIES, Hector, Alexander the Great, Julius Cæsar, Joshua, David, -Judas Maccabæus, Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon; THE NINE, the +NINE WORTHIES, Hector, Alexander the Great, Julius Cæsar, Joshua, David, +Judas Maccabæus, Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon; THE NINE, the nine muses (see MUSE); TO THE NINES, to perfection, fully, elaborately. [A.S. _nigon_; Dut. _negen_, L. _novem_, Gr. _ennea_, Sans. _navan_.] NINNY, nin'i, _n._ a simpleton.--Also NINN'Y-HAMM'ER. [It. _ninno_, child; -Sp. _niño_, infant.] +Sp. _niño_, infant.] NIOBE, n[=i]'o-b[=e], _n._ daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Proud of her many children, she gloried over Latona, who had but @@ -2220,7 +2189,7 @@ feet--the same as maundy. [Gr. _nipt[=e]r_, a basin--_niptein_, to wash.] NIRLES, NIRLS, nirlz, _n._ herpes. -NIRVANA, nir-vä'na, _n._ the cessation of individual existence--the state +NIRVANA, nir-vä'na, _n._ the cessation of individual existence--the state to which a Buddhist aspires as the best attainable. [Sans., 'a blowing out.'] @@ -2246,7 +2215,7 @@ NIT, nit, _n._ the egg of a louse or other small insect.--_adj._ NIT'TY, full of nits. [A.S. _hnitu_; Ger. _niss_.] NITHING, n[=i]'_th_ing, _adj._ wicked, mean.--_n._ a wicked man. [A.S. -_níthing_; Ger. _neiding_.] +_nÃthing_; Ger. _neiding_.] NITHSDALE, niths'd[=a]l, _n._ a hood which can be drawn over the face. [From the Jacobite Earl of _Nithsdale_ who escaped from the Tower in @@ -2274,8 +2243,8 @@ containing, nitre.--_n._ N[=I]'TROUS OX'IDE, a combination of oxygen and nitrogen, called also _Laughing gas_, which causes, when breathed, insensibility to pain.--_adj._ N[=I]'TRY, of or producing nitre.--CUBIC NITRE, nitrate of soda, so called because it crystallises in cubes. -[Fr.,--L. _nitrum_--Gr. _nitron_, natron, potash, soda--Ar. _nitrún_, -_natrún_.] +[Fr.,--L. _nitrum_--Gr. _nitron_, natron, potash, soda--Ar. _nitrún_, +_natrún_.] NITROGEN, n[=i]'tro-jen, _n._ a gas forming nearly four-fifths of common air, a necessary constituent of every organised body, so called from its @@ -2289,7 +2258,7 @@ NITTER, nit'[.e]r, _n._ a bot-fly, the horse-bot. NITTINGS, nit'ingz, _n.pl._ small particles of coal or refuse of any ore. NIVAL, n[=i]'val, _adj._ snowy, growing among snow.--_adj._ NIV'EOUS, -snowy, white.--_n._ NIVÔSE (n[=e]-v[=o]z'), the 4th month of the French +snowy, white.--_n._ NIVÔSE (n[=e]-v[=o]z'), the 4th month of the French revolutionary calendar, Dec. 21-Jan. 19. [L. _niveus_--_nix_, _nivis_, snow.] @@ -2312,7 +2281,7 @@ not.--_n._ a denial: a vote against or in the negative:--_pl._ NOES (n[=o]z).--_adj._ not any: not one: none.--_advs._ N[=O]'WAY, in no way, manner, or degree--also N[=O]'WAYS; N[=O]'WISE, in no way, manner, or degree.--NO ACCOUNT, worthless; NO DOUBT, surely; NO GO (see GO); NO JOKE, -not a trifling matter. [A.S. _ná_, compounded of _ne_, not, and _á_ ever; +not a trifling matter. [A.S. _ná_, compounded of _ne_, not, and _á_ ever; _nay_, the neg. of _aye_, is Scand.] NOACHIAN, n[=o]-[=a]'ki-an, _adj._ pertaining to the patriarch _Noah_, or @@ -2382,7 +2351,7 @@ NOCTURN'OGRAPH, an instrument for recording work done in factories, &c., during the night. [L. _nox_, Gr. _graphein_, to write.] NOCTUA, nok't[=u]-a, _n._ a generic name variously used--giving name to the -NOCT[=U]'IDÆ, a large family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, +NOCT[=U]'IDÆ, a large family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, strong-bodied moths.--_n._ NOC'TUID.--_adjs._ NOCT[=U]'IDOUS; NOC'TUIFORM; NOC'TUOID. @@ -2446,14 +2415,14 @@ NOD'ULOUS (_bot._), having nodules or small knots: knotty.--_ns._ NOD'ULUS:--_pl._ NOD'UL[=I]; N[=O]'DUS:--_pl._ N[=O]'D[=I]. [L. _nodus_ (for _gnodus_), allied to _Knot_.] -NOËL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas.--Same as NOWEL (q.v.). +NOËL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas.--Same as NOWEL (q.v.). NOEMATIC, -AL, n[=o]-[=e]-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ intellectual--also NOET'IC, -AL.--_adv._ NOEMAT'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ NOEM'ICS, intellectual science. [Gr. _no[=e]ma_--_noein_, to perceive.] -NOETIAN, n[=o]-[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to NOË'TUS or NOË'TIANISM, a -form of Patripassianism taught by _Noëtus_ of Smyrna about 200 A.D. +NOETIAN, n[=o]-[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to NOË'TUS or NOË'TIANISM, a +form of Patripassianism taught by _Noëtus_ of Smyrna about 200 A.D. NOG, nog, _n._ a mug, small pot: a kind of strong ale. @@ -2524,7 +2493,7 @@ NOMANCY, n[=o]'man-si, _n._ divination from the letters in a name. NO-MAN'S-LAND, n[=o]'-manz-land, _n._ a region to which no one possesses a recognised claim. -NOMARCH, nom'ärk, _n._ the ruler of a NOME, or division of a province, as +NOMARCH, nom'ärk, _n._ the ruler of a NOME, or division of a province, as in modern Greece.--_n._ NOM'ARCHY, the district governed by a nomarch. [Gr. _nomos_, district, _arch[=e]_, rule.] @@ -2533,7 +2502,7 @@ NOMBRIL, nom'bril, _n._ (_her._) the navel-point. NOME, n[=o]m, _n._ See NOMARCH. NOMEN, n[=o]'men, _n._ a name, esp. of the _gens_ or clan, as Caius -_Julius_ Cæsar. [L.] +_Julius_ Cæsar. [L.] NOMENCLATOR, n[=o]'men-kl[=a]-tor, _n._ one who gives names to things:--_fem._ N[=O]'MENCLATRESS.--_adjs._ NOMENCLAT[=O]'RIAL, @@ -2713,7 +2682,7 @@ NONE, nun, _adj._ and _pron._ not one: not any: not the smallest part.--_adv._ in no respect: to no extent or degree.--_n._ NONE'-SO-PRETT'Y, or London Pride, _Saxifraga umbrosa_, a common English garden-plant.--_adj._ NONE'-SPAR'ING (_Shak._), all-destroying. [M. E. -_noon_, _non_--A.S. _nán_--_ne_, not, _án_, one.] +_noon_, _non_--A.S. _nán_--_ne_, not, _án_, one.] NONENTITY, non-en'ti-ti, _n._ want of entity or being: a thing not existing: a person of no importance. @@ -2721,7 +2690,7 @@ existing: a person of no importance. NONES, n[=o]nz, _n.pl._ in the Roman calendar, the ninth day before the Ides (both days included)--the 5th of Jan., Feb., April, June, Aug., Sept., Nov., Dec., and the 7th of the other months: the Divine office for the -ninth hour, or three o'clock. [L. _nonæ_--_nonus_ for _novenus_, +ninth hour, or three o'clock. [L. _nonæ_--_nonus_ for _novenus_, ninth--_novem_, nine.] NON EST, non est, _adj._ for absent, being a familiar shortening of the @@ -2793,7 +2762,7 @@ middle: height.--_adj._ belonging to midday: meridional.--_v.i._ to rest at noon.--_n._ NOON'DAY, midday: the time of greatest prosperity.--_adj._ pertaining to midday: meridional.--_ns._ NOON'ING, a rest about noon: a repast at noon; NOON'TIDE, the tide or time of noon: midday.--_adj._ -pertaining to noon: meridional. [A.S. _nón-tíd_ (noontide)--L. _nona_ +pertaining to noon: meridional. [A.S. _nón-tÃd_ (noontide)--L. _nona_ (_hora_), the ninth (hour).] NOOSE, n[=oo]s, or n[=oo]z, _n._ a running knot which ties the firmer the @@ -2886,7 +2855,7 @@ north-west; NORTH'-WEST'ERN, belonging to the north-west: pertaining to, or being in, the north-west or in that direction.--NORTH WATER, the space of open sea left by the winter pack of ice moving southward.--NORTH-EAST PASSAGE, a passage for ships along the north coasts of Europe and Asia to -the Pacific, first made by Nordenskiöld in 1878-79; NORTHERN LIGHTS, the +the Pacific, first made by Nordenskiöld in 1878-79; NORTHERN LIGHTS, the aurora borealis (q.v.); NORTH-WEST PASSAGE, a sea-way for ships from the Atlantic into the Pacific along the northern coast of America, first made by Sir Robert McClure, 1850-54. [A.S. _north_; cf. Ger. _nord_.] @@ -2943,7 +2912,7 @@ disease, _phobia_, fear.] NOSTALGIA, nos-tal'ji-a, _n._ home-sickness, esp. when morbid.--_adj._ NOSTAL'GIC. [Gr. _nostos_, a return, algos, pain.] -NOSTOC, nos'tok, _n._ a genus of Algæ, found in moist places.--Also +NOSTOC, nos'tok, _n._ a genus of Algæ, found in moist places.--Also _Witches' butter_, _Spittle of the stars_, _Star-jelly_, &c. [Ger. _nostoch_.] @@ -2964,7 +2933,7 @@ favourite remedy or scheme. [L., 'our own,' from _nos_, we.] NOT, not, _adv._ a word expressing denial, negation, or refusal.--NOT IN IT (_coll._), having no part in some confidence or advantage. [Same as -_Naught_, from A.S. _ná_, _wiht_, a whit.] +_Naught_, from A.S. _ná_, _wiht_, a whit.] NOTABLE, n[=o]'ta-bl, _adj._ worthy of being known or noted: remarkable: memorable: distinguished: notorious: capable, clever, industrious.--_n._ a @@ -2974,8 +2943,8 @@ NOTABIL'IA, things worthy of notice: noteworthy sayings.--_ns._ NOTABIL'ITY, the being notable: a notable person or thing; N[=O]'TABLENESS.--_adv._ N[=O]'TABLY. -NOTÆUM, n[=o]-t[=e]'um, _n._ the upper surface of a bird's trunk--opp. to -_Gastræum_: a dorsal buckler in some gasteropods. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the +NOTÆUM, n[=o]-t[=e]'um, _n._ the upper surface of a bird's trunk--opp. to +_Gastræum_: a dorsal buckler in some gasteropods. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back.] NOTALGIA, n[=o]-tal'ji-a, _n._ pain in the back.--_adj._ NOTAL'GIC. [Gr. @@ -3019,8 +2988,8 @@ writing: to furnish with notes.--_n._ NOTE'-BOOK, a book in which notes or memoranda are written: a bill-book.--_adj._ NOT'ED, marked: well known: celebrated: eminent: notorious.--_adv._ NOT'EDLY.--_n._ NOT'EDNESS.--_adj._ NOTE'LESS, not attracting notice.--_ns._ NOTE'-P[=A]'PER, folded -writing-paper for letters (_commercial_, 5 × 8 in.; _octavo_, 4½ × 7; -_billet_, 4 × 6; _queen_, 3½ × 5-3/8; _packet_, 5½ × 9; _Bath_, 7 × 8); +writing-paper for letters (_commercial_, 5 × 8 in.; _octavo_, 4½ × 7; +_billet_, 4 × 6; _queen_, 3½ × 5-3/8; _packet_, 5½ × 9; _Bath_, 7 × 8); NOT'ER, one who notes or observes: one who makes notes, an annotator; NOTE'-SHAV'ER (_U.S._), a money-lender.--_adj._ NOTE'WORTHY, worthy of note or of notice.--NOTE A BILL, to record on the back of it a refusal of @@ -3080,11 +3049,11 @@ as the amphioxus, &c.--_adj._ N[=O]'TOCHORDAL. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _chord[=e]_, a string.] NOTODONTIFORM, n[=o]-t[=o]-don'ti-form, _adj._ resembling a tooth-back or -moth of the family _Notodontidæ_. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, back, _odous_, tooth, L. +moth of the family _Notodontidæ_. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, back, _odous_, tooth, L. _forma_, form.] NOTONECTAL, n[=o]-t[=o]-nek'tal, _adj._ swimming on the back, as certain -insects: related to the _Notonectidæ_, a family of aquatic bugs, the +insects: related to the _Notonectidæ_, a family of aquatic bugs, the boat-flies or water-boatmen. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.] @@ -3111,7 +3080,7 @@ kangaroo-like marsupials, found in Australia. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the south, _th[=e]rion_, a wild beast.] NOTOTREMA, n[=o]-t[=o]-tr[=e]'ma, _n._ the pouch-toads, a genus of -_Hylidæ_.--_adj._ NOTOTREM'ATOUS. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _tr[=e]ma_, a +_Hylidæ_.--_adj._ NOTOTREM'ATOUS. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _tr[=e]ma_, a hole.] NOTOUR, no-t[=oo]r', _adj._ (_Scot._) well known, notorious. @@ -3128,7 +3097,7 @@ NOTWITHSTANDING, not-with-stand'ing, _prep._ in spite of.--_conj._ in spite of the fact that, although.--_adv._ nevertheless, however, yet. [Orig. a participial phrase in nominative absolute=L. _non obstante_.] -NOUGAT, n[=oo]-gä', _n._ a confection made of a sweet paste filled with +NOUGAT, n[=oo]-gä', _n._ a confection made of a sweet paste filled with chopped almonds or pistachio-nuts. [Fr. (cf. Sp. _nogado_, an almond-cake)--L. _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] @@ -3224,10 +3193,10 @@ position to a high dignity. NOW, now, _adv._ at the present time: at this time or a little before.--_conj._ but: after this: things being so.--_n._ the present time.--_advs._ NOW'ADAYS, in days now present.--NOW--NOW, at one time--at -another time. [A.S. _nú_; Ger. _nun_, L. _nunc_, Gr. _nun_.] +another time. [A.S. _nú_; Ger. _nun_, L. _nunc_, Gr. _nun_.] -NOWEL, NOËL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas: a joyous shout or song at Christmas: -a Christmas carol. [O. Fr. _nowel_, _noel_ (mod. Fr. _noël_; cf. Sp. +NOWEL, NOËL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas: a joyous shout or song at Christmas: +a Christmas carol. [O. Fr. _nowel_, _noel_ (mod. Fr. _noël_; cf. Sp. _natal_, It. _natale_)--L. _natalis_, belonging to one's birthday.] NOWHERE, n[=o]'hw[=a]r, _adv._ in no where or place: at no time.--_adv._ @@ -3276,7 +3245,7 @@ NUB'BY, lumpy, dirty. NUBBLE, nub'l, _v.t._ to beat with the fist. NUBECULA, n[=u]-bek'[=u]-la, _n._ a light film on the eye: a cloudy -appearance in urine:--_pl._ NUBEC'ULÆ. +appearance in urine:--_pl._ NUBEC'ULÆ. NUBIFEROUS, n[=u]-bif'e-rus, _adj._ bringing clouds.--_adjs._ N[=U]BIG'ENOUS, produced by clouds; N[=U]'BILOUS, cloudy, @@ -3307,7 +3276,7 @@ NUCLEOBRANCHI[)A]'TA; N[=U]'CL[=E][=O]LE, a little nucleus: a nucleus within a nucleus--also NUCL[=E]'OLUS:--_pl._ NUCL[=E]'OLI. [L.,--_nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] -NUCULE, n[=u]k'[=u]l, _n._ a little nut: in _Characeæ_ the female sexual +NUCULE, n[=u]k'[=u]l, _n._ a little nut: in _Characeæ_ the female sexual organ. [L. _nucula_, dim. of _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] NUDE, n[=u]d, _adj._ naked: bare: without drapery, as a statue: void, as a @@ -3324,10 +3293,10 @@ _Knuckle_; Dan. _knuge_.] NUDIBRANCH, n[=u]'di-brangk, _n._ one of an order of gasteropods having no shell, and with the gills exposed on the surface of the body:--_pl._ -NUDIBRANCHI[=A]'TA. [L. _nudus_, naked, _branchiæ_, gills.] +NUDIBRANCHI[=A]'TA. [L. _nudus_, naked, _branchiæ_, gills.] NUGATORY, n[=u]'ga-tor-i, _adj._ trifling: vain: insignificant: of no -power: ineffectual. [L. _nugatorius_,--_nugæ_, jokes, trifles.] +power: ineffectual. [L. _nugatorius_,--_nugæ_, jokes, trifles.] NUGGET, nug'et, _n._ a lump or mass, as of a metal. [Prob. _ingot_, with the _n_ of the article.] @@ -3401,7 +3370,7 @@ number.] NUMBLES, num'bls, _n.pl._ the entrails of a deer. See UMBLES. -NUMEROTAGE, n[=u]-me-r[=o]-täzh', _n._ the numbering of yarns so as to +NUMEROTAGE, n[=u]-me-r[=o]-täzh', _n._ the numbering of yarns so as to denote their fineness. [Fr.] NUMISMATIC, n[=u]-mis-mat'ik, _adj._ pertaining to money, coins, or @@ -3452,15 +3421,15 @@ _nuncup[=a]re_, to call by name--prob. from _nomen_, name, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] NUNDINAL, nun'di-nal, _adj._ pertaining to a fair or market.--Also -NUN'DINARY. [L. _nundinæ_, the market-day, properly the ninth day--i.e. +NUN'DINARY. [L. _nundinæ_, the market-day, properly the ninth day--i.e. from the preceding market-day, both days inclusive--_novem_, nine, _dies_, a day.] -NUPHAR, n[=u]'fär, _n._ a genus of yellow water-lilies, the _Nymphæa_. +NUPHAR, n[=u]'fär, _n._ a genus of yellow water-lilies, the _Nymphæa_. NUPTIAL, nup'shal, _adj._ pertaining to marriage: constituting marriage.--_n.pl._ NUP'TIALS, marriage: wedding ceremony. [Fr.,--L. -_nuptialis_--_nuptiæ_, marriage--_nub[)e]re_, _nuptum_, to marry.] +_nuptialis_--_nuptiæ_, marriage--_nub[)e]re_, _nuptum_, to marry.] NUR, nur, _n._ a knot or knob in wood. See KNURR. @@ -3496,8 +3465,8 @@ when mature, only one seed: often the hazel-nut, sometimes the walnut: a small block of metal for screwing on the end of a bolt.--_v.i._ to gather nuts:--_pr.p._ nut'ting; _pa.p._ nut'ted.--_adj._ NUT'-BROWN, brown, like a ripe old nut.--_ns._ NUT'CRACKER, an instrument for cracking nuts: a genus -of birds of the family _Corvidæ_; NUT'-GALL, an excrescence, chiefly of the -oak; NUT'HATCH, a genus of birds of the family _Sittidæ_, agile +of birds of the family _Corvidæ_; NUT'-GALL, an excrescence, chiefly of the +oak; NUT'HATCH, a genus of birds of the family _Sittidæ_, agile creepers--also NUT'JOBBER, NUT'PECKER; NUT'-HOOK, a stick with a hook at the end for pulling down boughs that the nuts may be gathered: a bailiff, a thief who uses a hook; NUT'MEAL, meal made from the kernels of nuts; @@ -3553,7 +3522,7 @@ NYANZA, ni-an'za, _n._ a sheet of water, marsh, the river feeding a lake. NYAS. See EYAS. -NYCTALA, nik'ta-la, _n._ a genus of owls of family _Strigidæ_. +NYCTALA, nik'ta-la, _n._ a genus of owls of family _Strigidæ_. NYCTALOPIA, nik-ta-l[=o]'pi-a, _n._ the defective vision of persons who can see in a faint light but not in bright daylight: sometimes applied to the @@ -3567,8 +3536,8 @@ habit of taking at night certain positions unlike those during the day.--_adj._ NYCTITROP'IC. [Gr. _nyx_, night, _tropos_, a turn.] NYLGHAU, nil'gaw, _n._ a large species of antelope, in North Hindustan, the -males of which are of a bluish colour. [Pers. _níl gáw_--_níl_, blue, -_gáw_, ox, cow.] +males of which are of a bluish colour. [Pers. _nÃl gáw_--_nÃl_, blue, +_gáw_, ox, cow.] NYMPH, nimf, _n._ a young and beautiful maiden: (_myth._) one of the beautiful goddesses who inhabited mountains, rivers, trees, &c.--_adjs._ @@ -3582,11 +3551,11 @@ with the foregoing.--_adjs._ NYMPHOM[=A]'NIAC, -AL. [Fr.,--L. _nympha_--Gr. _nymph[=e]_, a bride.] NYMPH, nimf, NYMPHA, nimf'a, _n._ the pupa or chrysalis of an -insect.--_n.pl._ NYMPHÆ (nimf'[=e]), the labia minora.--_adj._ -NYMPHIP'AROUS, producing pupæ.--_ns._ NYMPH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the -nymphæ; NYMPHOT'OMY, the excision of the nymphæ. +insect.--_n.pl._ NYMPHÆ (nimf'[=e]), the labia minora.--_adj._ +NYMPHIP'AROUS, producing pupæ.--_ns._ NYMPH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the +nymphæ; NYMPHOT'OMY, the excision of the nymphæ. -NYMPHÆA, nim-f[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of water-plants, with beautiful fragrant +NYMPHÆA, nim-f[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of water-plants, with beautiful fragrant flowers, including the water-lily, Egyptian lotus, &c. [L. _nympha_, a nymph.] @@ -3608,7 +3577,7 @@ nearly so (_pl._ O'S, OES, pron. [=o]z). O, OH, [=o], _interj._ an exclamation of wonder, pain, desire, fear, &c. The form _oh_ is the more usual in prose.--O HONE! OCH HONE! an Irish -exclamation of lamentation. [A.S. _eá_.] +exclamation of lamentation. [A.S. _eá_.] O, usually written o', an abbrev. for _of_ and _on_. @@ -3629,18 +3598,18 @@ commemoration of Charles II. skulking in the branches of an oak (the ROYAL OAK) from Cromwell's troopers after Worcester.--SPORT ONE'S OAK, in English university slang, to signify that one does not wish visitors by closing the outer door of one's rooms; THE OAKS, one of the three great English -races--for mares--the others being the Derby and St Leger. [A.S. _ác_; Ice. +races--for mares--the others being the Derby and St Leger. [A.S. _ác_; Ice. _eik_, Ger. _eiche_.] OAKER, [=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) ochre. OAKUM, [=o]k'um, _n._ old ropes untwisted and teased into loose hemp for -caulking the seams of ships. [A.S. _ácumba_, _['æ]cemba_--_cemban_, to +caulking the seams of ships. [A.S. _ácumba_, _['æ]cemba_--_cemban_, to comb.] OAR, [=o]r, _n._ a light pole with a flat feather or spoon-shaped end (the _blade_) for propelling a boat: an oar-like appendage for swimming, as the -antennæ of an insect or crustacean, &c.: an oarsman.--_v.t._ to impel by +antennæ of an insect or crustacean, &c.: an oarsman.--_v.t._ to impel by rowing.--_v.i._ to row.--_n._ OAR'AGE, oars collectively.--_adj._ OARED, furnished with oars.--_ns._ OAR'LAP, a rabbit with its ears standing out at right-angles to the head; OAR'-LOCK, a rowlock; OARS'MAN, one who rows with @@ -3650,7 +3619,7 @@ the blades parallel to the water when reaching back for another stroke; LIE ON THE OARS, to cease rowing without shipping the oars: to rest, take things easily: to cease from work; PUT IN ONE'S OAR, to give advice when not wanted; SHIP, or UNSHIP, OARS, to place the oars in the rowlocks, or to -take them out. [A.S. _ár_.] +take them out. [A.S. _ár_.] OARIUM, [=o]-[=a]'ri-um, _n._ an ovary or ovarium. @@ -3660,7 +3629,7 @@ rest or pleasure in the midst of toil and gloom:--_pl._ OASES _ouahe_.] OAST, [=o]st, _n._ a kiln to dry hops or malt.--_n._ OAST'-HOUSE. [A.S. -_ást_.] +_ást_.] OAT, [=o]t (oftener in _pl._ OATS, [=o]ts), _n._ a well-known grassy plant, the seeds of which are much used as food: its seeds: a musical pipe of @@ -3668,8 +3637,8 @@ oat-straw: a shepherd's pipe, pastoral song generally.--_n._ OAT'CAKE, a thin broad cake made of oatmeal.--_adj._ OAT'EN, consisting of an oat stem or straw: made of oatmeal.--_ns._ OAT'-GRASS, two species of oat, useful more as fodder than for the seed; OAT'MEAL, meal made of oats.--SOW ONE'S -WILD OATS, to indulge in the usual youthful dissipations. [A.S. _áta_, pl. -_átan_.] +WILD OATS, to indulge in the usual youthful dissipations. [A.S. _áta_, pl. +_átan_.] OATH, [=o]th, _n._ a solemn statement with an appeal to God as witness, and a calling for punishment from Him in case of falsehood or of failure, also @@ -3678,7 +3647,7 @@ _allegiance_, &c.: an irreverent use of God's name in conversation or in any way: any merely exclamatory imprecation, &c.:--_pl._ OATHS ([=o]_th_z).--_adj._ OATH'ABLE (_Shak._), capable of having an oath administered to.--_n._ OATH'-BREAK'ING (_Shak._), the violation of an oath, -perjury.--UPON ONE'S OATH, sworn to speak the truth. [A.S. _áth_; Ger. +perjury.--UPON ONE'S OATH, sworn to speak the truth. [A.S. _áth_; Ger. _eid_, Ice. _eithr_.] OB., for _objection_, just as _sol._ for _solution_, on the margins of old @@ -3687,7 +3656,7 @@ polemic. OBANG, [=o]-bang', _n._ an old Japanese oblong gold coin. -OBBLIGATO, ob-li-gä'to, _adj._ that cannot be done without.--_n._ a musical +OBBLIGATO, ob-li-gä'to, _adj._ that cannot be done without.--_n._ a musical accompaniment, itself of independent importance, esp. that of a single instrument to a vocal piece.--Also OBLIGA'TO. [It.] @@ -3718,7 +3687,7 @@ faithless and worthless kings like Charles II. and James II. OBEISANCE, [=o]-b[=a]'sans, or [=o]-b[=e]'sans, _n._ obedience: a bow or act of reverence: an expression of respect.--_adj._ OB[=E]'ISANT. -[Fr.,--_obéir_--L. _obed[=i]re_, to obey.] +[Fr.,--_obéir_--L. _obed[=i]re_, to obey.] OBELION, [=o]-b[=e]'li-on, _n._ a point in the sagittal suture of the skull, between the two parietal foramina. [Gr. _obelos_, a spit.] @@ -3726,7 +3695,7 @@ skull, between the two parietal foramina. [Gr. _obelos_, a spit.] OBELISK, ob'e-lisk, _n._ a tall, four-sided, tapering pillar, usually of one stone, finished at the top like a flat pyramid: (_print._) a dagger ( + ).--_adj._ OB'ELISCAL.--_v.t._ OB'ELISE, to mark with an obelisk, to -condemn as spurious, indelicate, &c.--_n._ OB'ELUS, a mark ( -- or ÷ ) used +condemn as spurious, indelicate, &c.--_n._ OB'ELUS, a mark ( -- or ÷ ) used in ancient MSS. to mark suspected passages, esp. in the Septuagint to indicate passages not in the Hebrew:--_pl._ OB'ELI. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. _obeliskos_, dim. of _obelos_, a spit.] @@ -3749,7 +3718,7 @@ the medulla oblongata. [L., _objic[)e]re_, to throw before.] OBEY, [=o]-b[=a]', _v.t._ to do as told by: to be ruled by: to yield to: to carry out or perform.--_v.i._ to submit to power, &c.: (_B._) to yield obedience (followed by _to_).--_n._ OBEY'ER.--_adv._ OBEY'INGLY, -obediently. [Fr. _obéir_--L. _obed[=i]re_--_ob_, near, _aud[=i]re_, to +obediently. [Fr. _obéir_--L. _obed[=i]re_--_ob_, near, _aud[=i]re_, to hear.] OBFUSCATE, ob-fus'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to darken: to confuse.--_n._ @@ -3936,8 +3905,8 @@ with _by._--_adj_. OB'SECR[=A]TORY, supplicatory. [L. _obsecr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to entreat; _ob_, before, _sacr[=a]re_--_sacer_, sacred.] OBSEQUIES, ob'se-kwiz, _n.pl._ funeral rites and solemnities:--_sing._ -OB'SEQUY (_Milt._)--rarely used.--_adj_. OBS[=E]'QUIAL. [Fr. _obsèques_--L. -_obsequiæ_--_ob_, before, upon, sequi, to comply.] +OB'SEQUY (_Milt._)--rarely used.--_adj_. OBS[=E]'QUIAL. [Fr. _obsèques_--L. +_obsequiæ_--_ob_, before, upon, sequi, to comply.] OBSEQUIOUS, ob-s[=e]'kwi-us, _adj_. compliant to excess: meanly condescending.--_adv_. OBS[=E]'QUIOUSLY.--_n._ OBS[=E]'QUIOUSNESS. @@ -4040,7 +4009,7 @@ TO (_Bacon_), to attain to. [Fr.,--L. _obtin[=e]re_--_ob_, upon, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.] OBTECTED, ob-tek'ted, _adj._ covered, protected by a chitonous case, as the -pupæ of most flies. [L. _obteg[)e]re_, _obtectum_, to cover over.] +pupæ of most flies. [L. _obteg[)e]re_, _obtectum_, to cover over.] OBTEMPER, ob-tem'per, _v.t._ to yield obedience to (with _to_, _unto_). [L. _obtemper[=a]re_.] @@ -4258,7 +4227,7 @@ resembling ochre. [Fr.,--L. _ochra_--Gr. _[=o]chra_--_[=o]chros_, pale yellow.] OCREA, [=o]'kre-a, _n._ (_bot._) a sheath formed of two stipules united -round a stem:--_pl._ O'CHREÆ, O'CREÆ.--_adj._ O'CHRE[=A]TE. [L. _ochrea_, a +round a stem:--_pl._ O'CHREÆ, O'CREÆ.--_adj._ O'CHRE[=A]TE. [L. _ochrea_, a legging.] OCTACHORD, ok'ta-kord, _n._ a musical instrument with eight strings: a @@ -4277,7 +4246,7 @@ _andros_, a man.] OCTANGULAR, ok-tang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having eight angles. OCTANT, ok'tant, _n._ the eighth part of a circle: an instrument for -measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45°, or one-eighth of a +measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45°, or one-eighth of a circle, apart.--Also OC'TILE. [L. _octans_, _octantis_--_octo_, eight.] OCTAPLA, ok'ta-pla, _n._ something eightfold: a Bible in eight languages. @@ -4298,10 +4267,10 @@ part of a pipe of wine. [Fr.,--L. _octavus_, eighth--_octo_, eight.] OCTAVO, ok-t[=a]'v[=o], _adj._ having eight leaves to the sheet.--_n._ a book printed on sheets folded into eight leaves, contracted 8vo--usually -meaning a medium octavo, 6×9½ inches. Smaller octavos are--post 8vo, 5½×8½ -in.; demy 8vo, 5¼×8 in.; crown 8vo, 5×7½ in.; cap 8vo, 4½×7 in. Larger -octavos are--royal 8vo, 6½×10 in.; super-royal 8vo, 7×11 in.; imperial 8vo, -8¼×11 in.:--_pl._ OCT[=A]'VOS. +meaning a medium octavo, 6×9½ inches. Smaller octavos are--post 8vo, 5½×8½ +in.; demy 8vo, 5¼×8 in.; crown 8vo, 5×7½ in.; cap 8vo, 4½×7 in. Larger +octavos are--royal 8vo, 6½×10 in.; super-royal 8vo, 7×11 in.; imperial 8vo, +8¼×11 in.:--_pl._ OCT[=A]'VOS. OCTENNIAL, ok-ten'i-al, _adj._ happening every eighth year: lasting eight years.--_adv._ OCTENN'IALLY.--_n._ OCTOCEN'TENARY, the 800th anniversary of @@ -4372,7 +4341,7 @@ in front. OCTOSYLLABIC, ok-t[=o]-sil-lab'ik, _adj._ consisting of eight syllables.--_n._ OC'TOSYLLABLE, a word of eight syllables. -OCTROI, ok-trwä', _n._ a grant of the exclusive right of trade: a toll or +OCTROI, ok-trwä', _n._ a grant of the exclusive right of trade: a toll or tax levied at the gates of a city on articles brought in: the place where such taxes are paid. [Fr.,--_octroyer_, to grant--L. _auctor[=a]re_, to authorise--_auctor_, author.] @@ -4484,7 +4453,7 @@ OEDEMA, [=e]-d[=e]'ma, _n._ (_med._) the swelling occasioned by the effusion or infiltration of serum into cellular or areolar structures, usually the subcutaneous cellular tissue. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_, swelling.] -OEDEMIA, [=e]-d[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a genus of _Anatidæ_, the scoters, +OEDEMIA, [=e]-d[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a genus of _Anatidæ_, the scoters, surf-ducks, or sea-coots. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_.] OEILLADE, [.e]l-yad', _n._ (_Shak._) a glance or wink given with the @@ -4547,7 +4516,7 @@ OFF'-COL'OUR, of inferior value: indisposed.--_n._ OFF'-COME (_Scot._), an apology, pretext: any exhibition of temper, &c.--_adv._ OFF'-HAND, at once: without hesitating.--_adj._ without study: impromptu: free and easy.--_adj._ OFF'ISH, reserved in manner.--_ns._ OFF'-PRINT, a reprint of -a single article from a magazine or other periodical--the French _tirage à +a single article from a magazine or other periodical--the French _tirage à part_, German _Abdruck_; OFF'-RECK'ONING, an allowance formerly made to certain British officers from the money appropriated for army clothing.--_v.t._ OFF'SADDLE, to unsaddle.--_ns._ OFF'SCOURING, matter @@ -4651,7 +4620,7 @@ crossing each other; one of the characters, twenty in number, of which it is formed.--_adjs._ OGH'AMIC, OG'AMIC. OGIVE, [=o]'jiv, _n._ (_archit._) a pointed arch or window.--_adj._ -OG[=I]'VAL. [Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. _áwj_, summit.] +OG[=I]'VAL. [Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. _áwj_, summit.] OGLE, [=o]'gl, _v.t._ to look at fondly with side glances.--_v.i._ to cast amorous glances.--_ns._ O'GLE; O'GLER; O'GLING. [Dut. _oogen_--_ooge_, the @@ -4701,7 +4670,7 @@ Fr.,--L. _unguentum_--_ung[)e]re_, to smear.] OKAPI, [=o]'ka-pi, _n._ a giraffe-like animal of the Semliki forests of Central Africa. -OKE, [=o]k, _n._ a Turkish weight of 2¾ lb. avoirdupois. +OKE, [=o]k, _n._ a Turkish weight of 2¾ lb. avoirdupois. OLD, [=o]ld, _adj._ advanced in years: having been long in existence: worn out: out of date, old-fashioned: ancient, former, antique, early: (_coll._) @@ -4738,7 +4707,7 @@ OLD RED SANDSTONE (see SAND); OLD SALT, an experienced sailor; OLD SCHOOL, of, or resembling, earlier days, old-fashioned; OLD SONG, a mere trifle, a very small price; OLD SQUAW, a sea-duck of the northern hemisphere--also OLD WIFE; OLD STYLE (often written with a date O.S.), the mode of reckoning -time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of 365¼ days; +time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of 365¼ days; OLD TESTAMENT (see TESTAMENT); OLD TOM, a strong kind of English gin; OLD WIFE, a prating old woman, or even a man: a chimney-cap for curing smoking.--OF OLD, long ago, in ancient times, or belonging to such. [A.S. @@ -4788,9 +4757,9 @@ OLIBANUM, [=o]-lib'a-num, _n._ a gum-resin flowing from incisions in several species of _Boswellia_ in Somaliland and southern Arabia--the _Lebonah_ of the Hebrews, _Libanos_ and _Liban[=o]tos_ of the Greeks. -OLIGÆMIA, ol-i-j[=e]'mi-a, _n._ abnormal deficiency of blood. +OLIGÆMIA, ol-i-j[=e]'mi-a, _n._ abnormal deficiency of blood. -OLIGARCHY, ol'i-gärk-i, _n._ government by a small exclusive class: a state +OLIGARCHY, ol'i-gärk-i, _n._ government by a small exclusive class: a state governed by such: a small body of men who have the supreme power of a state in their hands.--_n._ OL'IGARCH, a member of an oligarchy.--_adjs._ OLIGARCH'AL, OLIGARCH'IC, -AL, pertaining to an oligarchy. [Fr.,--Gr., @@ -4974,7 +4943,7 @@ during: in addition to: toward, for: at the peril of: in consequence: immediately after: (_B._) off.--_adv._ above, or next beyond: forward, in succession: in continuance: not off.--_interj._ go on! proceed!--_adj._ denoting the part of the field to the left of a right-handed batter, and to -the right of the bowler--opp. to _Off._ [A.S. _on_; Dut. _aan_, Ice. _á_, +the right of the bowler--opp. to _Off._ [A.S. _on_; Dut. _aan_, Ice. _á_, Ger. _an_.] ON, on, _prep._ (_Scot._) without. @@ -4991,7 +4960,7 @@ ONCE, wuns, _adv._ a single time: at a former time: at any time or circumstances.--_n._ one time.--ONCE AND AGAIN, more than once: repeatedly; ONCE FOR ALL, once only and not again; ONCE IN A WAY, on one occasion only: very rarely.--AT ONCE, without delay: alike: at the same time; FOR ONCE, on -one occasion only. [A.S. _ánes_, orig. gen. of _án_, one, used as adv.] +one occasion only. [A.S. _ánes_, orig. gen. of _án_, one, used as adv.] ONCIDIUM, on-sid'i-um, _n._ a widely-spread American genus of orchids. [Gr. _ogkos_, a hook.] @@ -5069,8 +5038,8 @@ ONLOOKER, on'l[=oo]k-[.e]r, _n._ a looker on, observer.--_adj._ ON'LOOKING. ONLY, [=o]n'li, _adj._ single in number or kind: this above all others: alone.--_adv._ in one manner: for one purpose: singly: merely: barely: -entirely.--_conj._ but: except that.--_n._ ON'LINESS. [A.S. _ánlíc_ -(adj.)--_án_, one, _líc_, like.] +entirely.--_conj._ but: except that.--_n._ ON'LINESS. [A.S. _ánlÃc_ +(adj.)--_án_, one, _lÃc_, like.] ONOCENTAUR, on-o-sen'tawr, _n._ a kind of centaur, half-man, half-ass. @@ -5143,20 +5112,20 @@ OODLES, [=oo]'dlz, _n._ (_U.S._) abundance.--Also OOD'LINS. OOF, [=oo]f, _n._ (_slang_) money. -OÖGENESIS, [=o]-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the genesis and development of the -ovum--also OÖG'ENY.--_adj._ OÖGENET'IC. +OÖGENESIS, [=o]-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the genesis and development of the +ovum--also OÖG'ENY.--_adj._ OÖGENET'IC. -OÖIDAL, [=o]-oi'dal, _adj._ egg-shaped. +OÖIDAL, [=o]-oi'dal, _adj._ egg-shaped. -OÖLITE, [=o]'o-l[=i]t, _n._ (_geol._) a kind of limestone, composed of -grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.--_adjs._ OÖLIT'IC; OÖLITIF'EROUS. +OÖLITE, [=o]'o-l[=i]t, _n._ (_geol._) a kind of limestone, composed of +grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.--_adjs._ OÖLIT'IC; OÖLITIF'EROUS. [Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg, _lithos_, stone.] -OÖLOGY, [=o]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science or study of birds' eggs.--_n._ -O'ÖGRAPH, a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's -egg.--_adjs._ OÖLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ OÖLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ OÖL'OGIST, one -versed in oology; OÖM'ETER, an apparatus for measuring eggs.--_adj._ -OÖMET'RIC.--_n._ OÖM'ETRY, the measurement of eggs. [Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg.] +OÖLOGY, [=o]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science or study of birds' eggs.--_n._ +O'ÖGRAPH, a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's +egg.--_adjs._ OÖLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ OÖLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ OÖL'OGIST, one +versed in oology; OÖM'ETER, an apparatus for measuring eggs.--_adj._ +OÖMET'RIC.--_n._ OÖM'ETRY, the measurement of eggs. [Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg.] OOLONG, [=oo]'long, _n._ a variety of black tea, with the flavour of green.--Also OU'LONG. @@ -5645,7 +5614,7 @@ _ordonner_)--L. _ordin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ordo_.] ORDEAL, or'de-al, _n._ a dealing out or giving of just judgment: an ancient form of referring a disputed question to the judgment of God, by lot, fire, -water, &c.: any severe trial or examination. [A.S. _or-dél_, _or-dál_; cf. +water, &c.: any severe trial or examination. [A.S. _or-dél_, _or-dál_; cf. Dut. _oor-deel_, Ger. _ur-theil_.] ORDER, or'd[.e]r, _n._ regular arrangement, method: degree, rank, or @@ -5722,8 +5691,8 @@ unclean.--_adj._ OR'DUROUS. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _ord_, foul--L. _horridus_, rough.] ORE, [=o]r, _n._ metal as it comes from the mine: metal mixed with earthy -and other substances. [A.S. _ór_, another form of _ár_, brass; Ice. _eir_, -L. _æs_, _ær-is_, bronze.] +and other substances. [A.S. _ór_, another form of _ár_, brass; Ice. _eir_, +L. _æs_, _ær-is_, bronze.] OREAD, [=o]'r[=e]-ad, _n._ (_myth._) a mountain nymph:--_pl._ O'READS, or OR[=E]'ADES. [Gr. _oreias_, _oreiados_--_oros_, a mountain.] @@ -5881,9 +5850,9 @@ _mol[=a]re_, to grind.] ORMUZD, or'muzd, _n._ the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as -opposed to _Ahriman_, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. _Ahura-Mazdâh_=the Living +opposed to _Ahriman_, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. _Ahura-Mazdâh_=the Living God or Lord (_ahu_='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root _ah_='to be'), -the Great Creator (_maz_+_dâ_=Sans. _mahâ_+_dhâ_), or the Wise One.] +the Great Creator (_maz_+_dâ_=Sans. _mahâ_+_dhâ_), or the Wise One.] ORNAMENT, or'na-ment, _n._ anything that adds grace or beauty: additional beauty: a mark of honour: (_pl._, _Pr. Bk._) all the articles used in the @@ -5995,9 +5964,9 @@ _doxa_, opinion--_dokein_, to seem.] ORTHODROMIC, or-th[=o]-drom'ik, _adj._ pertaining to OR'THODROMY, the art of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course. -ORTHOËPY, or'tho-e-pi, _n._ (_gram._) correct pronunciation of -words.--_adjs._ ORTHOËP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ORTHOËP'ICALLY.--_n._ OR'THOËPIST, -one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _epos_, a word.] +ORTHOËPY, or'tho-e-pi, _n._ (_gram._) correct pronunciation of +words.--_adjs._ ORTHOËP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ORTHOËP'ICALLY.--_n._ OR'THOËPIST, +one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _epos_, a word.] ORTHOGAMY, or-thog'a-mi, _n._ (_bot._) direct or immediate fertilisation. @@ -6017,10 +5986,10 @@ _orthographia_--_orthos_, right, _graphein_, to write.] ORTHOMETRY, or-thom'et-ri, _n._ the art of constructing verse correctly. -ORTHOPÆDIA, or-th[=o]-p[=e]-d[=i]'a, _n._ the art or process of curing -deformities of the body, esp. in childhood--also OR'THOPÆDY, -OR'THOPEDY.--_adjs._ ORTHOPÆ'DIC, -AL, ORTHOPED'IC, -AL.--_ns._ -ORTHOPÆ'DICS, ORTHOPED'ICS, orthopædic surgery; OR'THOPÆDIST, OR'THOPEDIST, +ORTHOPÆDIA, or-th[=o]-p[=e]-d[=i]'a, _n._ the art or process of curing +deformities of the body, esp. in childhood--also OR'THOPÆDY, +OR'THOPEDY.--_adjs._ ORTHOPÆ'DIC, -AL, ORTHOPED'IC, -AL.--_ns._ +ORTHOPÆ'DICS, ORTHOPED'ICS, orthopædic surgery; OR'THOPÆDIST, OR'THOPEDIST, one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _pais_, _paidos_, a child.] @@ -6072,7 +6041,7 @@ ORVIETAN, or-vi-[=e]'tan, _n._ a supposed antidote or counter-poison.--_n._ ORVI[=E]'TO, an esteemed still white wine. ORYCTICS, [=o]-rik'tiks, _n._ the branch of geology relating to -fossils.--_adjs._ ORYCTOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ ORYCTOZOÖL'OGY, palæontology. +fossils.--_adjs._ ORYCTOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ ORYCTOZOÖL'OGY, palæontology. [Gr. _oryctos_, fossil.] ORYX, or'iks, _n._ a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a pick-axe.] @@ -6137,7 +6106,7 @@ _Othman_, who founded the Turkish empire in Asia, and reigned 1288-1326.] OSMETERIUM, os-m[=e]-t[=e]'ri-um, _n._ an organ devoted to the production of an odour, esp. the forked process behind the head of certain -butterfly-larvæ:--_pl._ OSMET[=E]'RIA. +butterfly-larvæ:--_pl._ OSMET[=E]'RIA. OSMIDROSIS, os-mi-dr[=o]'sis, _n._ the secretion of strongly smelling perspiration.--Also _Bromidrosis_. [Gr. _osm[=e]_, smell, _hidr[=o]sis_, @@ -6279,7 +6248,7 @@ _otiosus_--_otium_, rest.] OTOSCOPE. See under OTALGIA. -OTTAVA, ot-tä'vä, _n._ an octave.--OTTAVA RIMA, an Italian form of +OTTAVA, ot-tä'vä, _n._ an octave.--OTTAVA RIMA, an Italian form of versification consisting of eight lines, the first six rhyming alternately, the last two forming a couplet--used by Byron in _Don Juan_. [It.] @@ -6305,33 +6274,33 @@ OUCH, owch, _n._ a jewel or ornament, esp. one in the form of a clasp: the socket of a precious stone. [O. Fr. _nouche_, _nosche_, from Teut., cf. Old High Ger. _nusca_, a clasp.] -OUDENARDE, [=oo]'de-närd, _n._ a kind of decorative tapestry, representing +OUDENARDE, [=oo]'de-närd, _n._ a kind of decorative tapestry, representing foliage, &c., once made at _Oudenarde_ in Belgium. OUGHT, awt, _n._ (same as _Aught_) a vulgar corr. of _nought_.--_adv._ (_Scot._) OUGHT'LINGS, at all, in any degree. OUGHT, awt, _v.i._ to be under obligation: to be proper or necessary.--_n._ -OUGHT'NESS, rightness. [A.S. _áhte_, pa.t. of _ágan_, to owe.] +OUGHT'NESS, rightness. [A.S. _áhte_, pa.t. of _ágan_, to owe.] OUISTITI, wis'ti-ti, _n._ a wistit or marmoset. OUNCE, owns, _n._ the twelfth part of a pound troy=480 grains: 1/16 of a -pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. _unce_--L. _uncia_, the twelfth +pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. _unce_--L. _uncia_, the twelfth part.] OUNCE, owns, _n._ a carnivorous animal of the cat kind, found in Asia, -allied to the leopard--(_obs._) ONCE. [Fr. _once_, prob. Pers. _yúz_, a +allied to the leopard--(_obs._) ONCE. [Fr. _once_, prob. Pers. _yúz_, a panther.] -OUNDY, own'di, _adj._ wavy: scalloped: (_her._) undé. +OUNDY, own'di, _adj._ wavy: scalloped: (_her._) undé. OUPHE, [=oo]f, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as OAF. OUR, owr, _adj._ and _pron._ pertaining or belonging to us--prov. OURN.--_prons._ OURS, possessive of _We_; OURSELF', myself (as a king or queen would say):--_pl._ OURSELVES (-selvz'), we, not others: us. [A.S. -_úre_, gen. pl. of _wé_, we.] +_úre_, gen. pl. of _wé_, we.] OURANG-OUTANG. Same as ORANG-OUTANG. @@ -6340,7 +6309,7 @@ OUROLOGY, OUROSCOPY, &c. See UROLOGY under URINE. OUSEL. See OUZEL. OUST, owst, _v.t._ to eject or expel.--_n._ OUST'ER (_law_), ejection: -dispossession. [O. Fr. _oster_ (Fr. _ôter_), to remove; acc. to Diez, from +dispossession. [O. Fr. _oster_ (Fr. _ôter_), to remove; acc. to Diez, from L. _haur[=i]re_, _haustum_, to draw (water).] OUT, owt, _adv._ without, not within: gone forth: abroad: to the full @@ -6362,7 +6331,7 @@ PRINT, not to be had for sale, said of books, &c.; OUT OF SORTS, or TEMPER, unhappy: cross-tempered; OUT OF THE COMMON, unusual, pre-eminent; OUT OF THE QUESTION, that cannot be at all considered; OUT OF TIME, too soon or too late: not keeping time in music; OUT WITH, away with: (_Scot._) outside -of: say, do, &c., at once. [A.S. _úte_, _út_; Goth. _ut_, Ger. _aus_, Sans. +of: say, do, &c., at once. [A.S. _úte_, _út_; Goth. _ut_, Ger. _aus_, Sans. _ud_.] OUTASK, owt-ask', _v.t._ to ask or proclaim, as to be married, in church @@ -6370,10 +6339,10 @@ for the last time. OUTBALANCE, owt-bal'ans, _v.t._ to exceed in weight or effect: to outweigh. -OUTBAR, owt-bär', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bar out, esp. to shut out by +OUTBAR, owt-bär', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bar out, esp. to shut out by fortifications. -OUTBARGAIN, owt-bär'gin, _v.t._ to get the better of in a bargain. +OUTBARGAIN, owt-bär'gin, _v.t._ to get the better of in a bargain. OUTBID, owt-bid', _v.t._ to offer a higher price than another. @@ -6486,7 +6455,7 @@ OUTFOOT, owt-f[=oo]t', _v.i._ to outsail. OUTFROWN, owt-frown', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to frown down. -OUTGARTH, owt'gärth, _n._ an outer yard or garden. +OUTGARTH, owt'gärth, _n._ an outer yard or garden. OUTGAZE, owt-g[=a]z', _v.t._ to stare out of countenance: to gaze farther than. @@ -6505,7 +6474,7 @@ _Incoming_, as a tenant. OUTGROW, owt-gr[=o]', _v.t._ to surpass in growth: to grow out of.--_n._ OUT'GROWTH, that which grows out of a thing: growth to excess. -OUTGUARD, owt'gärd, _n._ a guard at a distance or at the farthest distance +OUTGUARD, owt'gärd, _n._ a guard at a distance or at the farthest distance from the main body. OUTGUSH, owt-gush', _v.i._ to issue with force.--_n._ OUT'GUSH, a gushing @@ -6543,8 +6512,8 @@ OUTLAST, owt-last', _v.t._ to last longer than. OUTLAW, owt'law, _n._ one deprived of the protection of the law: a robber or bandit.--_v.t._ to place beyond the law: to deprive of the benefit of the law: to proscribe.--_n._ OUT'LAWRY, the act of putting a man out of the -protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. _útlaga_; cf. Ice. -_útlági_--_út_, out, _lög_, law.] +protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. _útlaga_; cf. Ice. +_útlági_--_út_, out, _lög_, law.] OUTLAY, owt'l[=a], _n._ that which is laid out: expenditure.--_v.t._ to lay out to view. @@ -6586,7 +6555,7 @@ OUTMANOEUVRE, owt-ma-n[=u]'v[.e]r, _v.t._ to surpass in manoeuvring. OUTMANTLE, owt-man'tl, _v.t._ to excel in dress or ornament. -OUTMARCH, owt-märch', _v.t._ to march faster than: to leave behind by +OUTMARCH, owt-märch', _v.t._ to march faster than: to leave behind by marching. OUTMATE, owt-m[=a]t', _v.t._ to outmatch. @@ -6642,7 +6611,7 @@ it. OUTPUT, owt'p[=oo]t, _n._ the quantity of metal made by a smelting furnace, or of coal taken from a pit, within a certain time, production generally. -OUTQUARTERS, owt-kwär't[.e]rz, _n.pl._ quarters situated away from +OUTQUARTERS, owt-kwär't[.e]rz, _n.pl._ quarters situated away from headquarters. OUTQUENCH, owt-kwensh', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to extinguish. @@ -6654,10 +6623,10 @@ OUTR[=A]'GEOUS, violent: furious: turbulent: atrocious: enormous, immoderate.--_adv._ OUTR[=A]'GEOUSLY.--_n._ OUTR[=A]'GEOUSNESS. [O. Fr. _oultrage_ (mod. _outrage_)--Low L. _ultragium_--L. _ultra_, beyond.] -OUTRANCE, owt'rans, _n._ the utmost extremity: the bitter end.--À OUTRANCE, -to the bitter end of a combat--usually in Eng. use, À L'OUTRANCE. [Fr.] +OUTRANCE, owt'rans, _n._ the utmost extremity: the bitter end.--À OUTRANCE, +to the bitter end of a combat--usually in Eng. use, À L'OUTRANCE. [Fr.] -OUTRÉ, [=oo]t-r[=a]', _adj._ beyond what is customary or proper: +OUTRÉ, [=oo]t-r[=a]', _adj._ beyond what is customary or proper: extravagant: overstrained. [Fr. pa.p. of _outrer_--_outre_--L. _ultra_, beyond.] @@ -6878,10 +6847,10 @@ OUTWORTH, owt-wurth', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in value. OUTWREST, owt-rest', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to extort by violence. OUVRAGE, [=oo]v'razh, _n._ work.--_ns._ (_masc._) OUVRIER ([=oo]v'ri-[=a]), -(_fem._) OUVRIÈRE ([=oo]v'ri-[=a]r), a working man or woman.--_adj._ +(_fem._) OUVRIÈRE ([=oo]v'ri-[=a]r), a working man or woman.--_adj._ working. [Fr.] -OUZEL, [=oo]'zl, _n._ a kind of thrush--also OU'SEL. [A.S. _ósle_; cog. +OUZEL, [=oo]'zl, _n._ a kind of thrush--also OU'SEL. [A.S. _ósle_; cog. with Ger. _amsel_.] OVAL, [=o]'val, _adj._ having the shape of an egg.--_n._ anything oval, a @@ -6922,7 +6891,7 @@ an excess, overplus.--_v.t._ to go, leap, or vault over.--_v.i._ to go over.--OVER AGAIN, afresh, anew; OVER AGAINST, opposite; OVER AND ABOVE, in addition to: besides; OVER AND OVER, several times: repeatedly; OVER HEAD AND EARS, beyond one's depth: completely; OVER SEAS, to foreign lands.--All -over, completely: at an end. [A.S. _ofer_; Ger. _über_, L. _super_, Gr. +over, completely: at an end. [A.S. _ofer_; Ger. _über_, L. _super_, Gr. _huper_.] OVERACT, [=o]-v[.e]r-akt', _v.t._ to act overmuch, to overdo any @@ -6935,7 +6904,7 @@ sound or clean, waterproof leggings. OVER-ANXIOUS, [=o]-v[.e]r-angk'shus, _adj._ anxious beyond what is right or reasonable.--_n._ OVER-ANX[=I]'ETY.--_adv._ OVER-ANX'IOUSLY. -OVERARCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-ärch', _v.t._ to arch over.--_v.i._ to hang over like +OVERARCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-ärch', _v.t._ to arch over.--_v.i._ to hang over like an arch. OVERAWE, [=o]-v[.e]r-aw', _v.t._ to restrain by fear or by superior @@ -7017,7 +6986,7 @@ hem-stitch style to give the pliability of folded double leaves. OVERCATCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-kach', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overtake. -OVERCHARGE, [=o]-v[.e]r-chärj', _v.t._ to load with too great a charge: to +OVERCHARGE, [=o]-v[.e]r-chärj', _v.t._ to load with too great a charge: to charge too great a price.--_n._ O'VERCHARGE, an excessive load or burden: too great a charge, as of gunpowder or of price. @@ -7119,7 +7088,7 @@ OVERFALL, [=o]'v[.e]r-fawl, _n._ a rippling or race in the sea, where, by the peculiarities of bottom, the water is propelled with immense force, esp. when the wind and tide, or current, set strongly together. -OVERFAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-fär', _adv._ (_Shak._) to too great an extent. +OVERFAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-fär', _adv._ (_Shak._) to too great an extent. OVERFAST, [=o]-v[.e]r-fast', _adj._ too fast: at too great speed. @@ -7152,7 +7121,7 @@ in strata. OVERFOND, [=o]-v[.e]r-fond', _adj._ fond to excess.--_adv._ OVERFOND'LY. -OVERFORWARD, [=o]-v[.e]r-for'wärd, _adj._ too forward or officious.--_n._ +OVERFORWARD, [=o]-v[.e]r-for'wärd, _adj._ too forward or officious.--_n._ OVERFOR'WARDNESS. OVERFREIGHT, [=o]-v[.e]r-fr[=a]t', _v.t._ to overload. @@ -7405,7 +7374,7 @@ OVERPICTURE, [=o]-v[.e]r-pik't[=u]r, _v.t._ to exceed the picture of: to exaggerate. OVERPLATE, [=o]'v[.e]r-pl[=a]t, _n._ in armour, a large pauldron protecting -the shoulder, or a cubitière protecting the elbow. +the shoulder, or a cubitière protecting the elbow. OVERPLUS, [=o]'v[.e]r-plus, _n._ that which is more than enough: surplus. @@ -7547,7 +7516,7 @@ to fail to see or find: to escape. OVERSLAUGH, [=o]-v[.e]r-slaw', _v.t._ (_U.S._) to pass over in favour of another: to supersede: to hinder: to oppress. [Dut. _overslaan_ (cf. Ger. -_überschlagen_), to skip over.] +_überschlagen_), to skip over.] OVERSLEEP, [=o]-v[.e]r-sl[=e]p', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to sleep beyond one's usual time. @@ -7609,7 +7578,7 @@ O'VERTLY.--OVERT ACT, something actually done in execution of a criminal intent.--MARKET OVERT, open or public market. [Fr. _ouvert_, pa.p. of _ouvrir_, to open; acc. to Diez, from O. Fr. _a-ovrir_, through Prov. _adubrir_, from L. _de-oper[=i]re_, to uncover--_de_=un-, and _oper[=i]re_, -to cover; acc. to Littré, from L. _oper[=i]re_, to cover, confounded in +to cover; acc. to Littré, from L. _oper[=i]re_, to cover, confounded in meaning with _aper[=i]re_, to open.] OVERTAKE, [=o]-v[.e]r-t[=a]k', _v.t._ to come up with: to catch: to come @@ -7660,7 +7629,7 @@ OVERTURE, [=o]'v[.e]r-t[=u]r, _n._ a proposal, an offer for acceptance or rejection: (_mus._) a piece introductory to a greater piece or ballet: a discovery or disclosure: the method in Presbyterian usage of beginning legislation and maturing opinion by sending some proposition from the -presbyteries to the General Assembly, and _vice versâ_, also the proposal +presbyteries to the General Assembly, and _vice versâ_, also the proposal so sent.--_v.t._ to lay a proposal before. [Fr.] OVERTURN, [=o]-v[.e]r-turn', _v.t._ to throw down or over: to subvert: to @@ -7706,7 +7675,7 @@ wise.--_adv._ OVERWISE'LY. OVERWORK, [=o]-v[.e]r-wurk', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to work overmuch or beyond the strength: to tire.--_n._ O'VERWORK, excess of work: excessive labour. -OVERWORN, [=o]-v[.e]r-wörn', _adj._ worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled by +OVERWORN, [=o]-v[.e]r-wörn', _adj._ worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled by use: worn or rubbed till threadbare. OVERWREST, [=o]-v[.e]r-rest', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to wrest or twist from the @@ -7739,7 +7708,7 @@ OVIFORM, [=o]'vi-form, _adj._ like a sheep: ovine. [L. _ovis_, a sheep.] OVIGEROUS, ov-ij'[.e]r-us, _adj._ egg-bearing. [L. _ovum_, an egg, _ger[)e]re_, to bear.] -OVINE, [=o]'v[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the _Ovinæ_, sheep-like.--_n._ +OVINE, [=o]'v[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the _Ovinæ_, sheep-like.--_n._ OVIN[=A]'TION, inoculation of sheep with ovine virus against sheep-pox. OVIPAROUS, [=o]-vip'a-rus, _adj._ bringing forth or laying eggs instead of @@ -7778,8 +7747,8 @@ OWCHE, owch, _n._ Same as OUCH. OWE, [=o], _v.t._ to possess or to be the owner of: to have what belongs to another: to be bound to pay: to be obliged for.--_v.i._ to be in debt.--BE -OWING, to be due or ascribed (to). [A.S. _ágan_, pres. indic. _áh_, pret. -_áhte_, pa.p. _ágen_; Ice. _eiga_, Old High Ger. _eigan_, to possess.] +OWING, to be due or ascribed (to). [A.S. _ágan_, pres. indic. _áh_, pret. +_áhte_, pa.p. _ágen_; Ice. _eiga_, Old High Ger. _eigan_, to possess.] OWELTY, [=o]'el-ti, _n._ equality. [O. Fr. _oelte_.] @@ -7800,21 +7769,21 @@ little or young owl.--_adj._ OWL'-EYED, having blinking eyes like an owl.--_n._ OWL'-GLASS, a malicious figure in a popular German tale, translated into English about the end of the 16th century--the German _Tyll Eulenspiegel_--also OWLE'GLASS, HOWLE'GLASS, OWL'SPIEGLE.--_adj._ OWL'ISH, -like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.--_n._ OWL'ISHNESS. [A.S. _úle_; Ger. +like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.--_n._ OWL'ISHNESS. [A.S. _úle_; Ger. _eule_, L. _ulula_; imit.] OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to grant: to allow to be true: concede: acknowledge. -[A.S. _unnan_, to grant; Ger. _gönnen_, to grant.] +[A.S. _unnan_, to grant; Ger. _gönnen_, to grant.] -OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to possess: to be the rightful owner of. [A.S. _ágnian_, -with addition of casual suffix--_ágen_, one's own; cf. _Own_ (adj.).] +OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to possess: to be the rightful owner of. [A.S. _ágnian_, +with addition of casual suffix--_ágen_, one's own; cf. _Own_ (adj.).] OWN, [=o]n, _adj._ possessed: belonging to one's self and to no other: peculiar.--_ns._ OWN'ER, one who owns or possesses; OWN'ERSHIP, state of -being an owner: right of possession. [A.S. _ágen_, pa.p. of _ágan_, to +being an owner: right of possession. [A.S. _ágen_, pa.p. of _ágan_, to possess. Cf. _Owe_.] -OWRE, owr, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as AUROCHS. [A.S. _úr_.] +OWRE, owr, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as AUROCHS. [A.S. _úr_.] OWSEN, ow'sen, _n.pl._ a dialectic form of _oxen_. @@ -7907,13 +7876,13 @@ pl. imper. of _oyer_.] OYSTER, ois't[.e]r, _n._ a well-known bivalve shellfish, used as food.--_ns._ OYS'TER-BANK, -BED, -FARM, -FIELD, -PARK, a place where oysters breed or are bred; OYS'TER-CATCH'ER, the sea pie--a sea wading bird -of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; +of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; OYS'TER-FISH'ERY, the business of catching oysters; OYS'TER-KNIFE, a knife for opening oysters.--_n.pl._ OYS'TER-PAT'TIES, small pies or pasties made from oysters.--_n._ OYS'TER-SHELL, the shell of an oyster.--_n.pl._ OYS'TER-TONGS, a tool used to dredge up oysters in deep water.--_ns._ OYS'TER-WENCH, -WIFE, -WOM'AN, a woman who vends oysters. [O. Fr. _oistre_ -(Fr. _huître_)--L. _ostrea_--Gr. _ostreon_, an oyster--_osteon_, a bone.] +(Fr. _huître_)--L. _ostrea_--Gr. _ostreon_, an oyster--_osteon_, a bone.] OZOCERITE, [=o]-z[=o]-s[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a waxy-like substance, having a weak bituminous odour, found in Moldavia and elsewhere, and used for making @@ -7940,7 +7909,7 @@ P=400; ([=P])=400,000: the chemical symbol for phosphorus: (_math._) the Greek [PI]=a continued product, while small [pi] denotes the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.--MIND ONE'S P'S AND Q'S (see MIND). -PA, pä, _n._ papa, a child's name for father. +PA, pä, _n._ papa, a child's name for father. PABOUCHE, pa-b[=oo]sh', _n._ a slipper.--Also _Baboosh_. @@ -7978,7 +7947,7 @@ non-ruminant, hoofed mammals, thick-skinned, as the elephant:--_pl._ PACH'YDERMS, or PACHYDER'MATA.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MATOUS, thick-skinned: insensible to impressions.--_n._ PACHYDER'MIA, a form of elephantiasis in which the skin becomes thick and warty.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MOID.--_ns._ -PACHY[=E]'MIA, a thickening of the blood--also PACHYÆ'MIA; PACHY'MA, a +PACHY[=E]'MIA, a thickening of the blood--also PACHYÆ'MIA; PACHY'MA, a genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now referred to the genus _Polyporus_--also _Tuckahoe_, _Tuckahoe truffle_, or _Indian bread_; PACHYM[=E]'NIA, a thickening of the skin.--_adj._ @@ -7997,7 +7966,7 @@ between Asia and America, so called by its discoverer Magellan because he sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.--_adj._ PACIF'ICAL, pacific (obs. except in phrase _Letters pacifical_, letters recommending the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church--also _Letters of -peace_, _Pacificæ_).--_adv._ PACIF'ICALLY.--_v.t._ PACIF'IC[=A]TE, to give +peace_, _Pacificæ_).--_adv._ PACIF'ICALLY.--_v.t._ PACIF'IC[=A]TE, to give peace to.--_ns._ PACIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of making peace, esp. between parties at variance; PACIF'IC[=A]TOR, PAC'IFIER, a peacemaker.--_adj._ PACIF'IC[=A]TORY, tending to make peace. [Fr. _pacifier_--L. @@ -8118,7 +8087,7 @@ which a wick has been placed--used in illuminations. [It., a frying-pan.] PADEMELON, pad'[=e]-mel-on, _n._ a brush kangaroo or wallaby.--Also PAD'YMELON, PAD'DYMELON. -PADISHAH, pä'di-sha, _n._ chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of +PADISHAH, pä'di-sha, _n._ chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. _p[=a]d_, master, _sh[=a]h_, king; cf. _Pasha_.] @@ -8131,7 +8100,7 @@ PADMA, pad'ma, _n._ the true lotus. PAD-NAG, pad'-nag, _n._ an ambling nag. -PADRE, pä'dre, _n._ father, a title given to priests in some +PADRE, pä'dre, _n._ father, a title given to priests in some countries.--_n._ PADR[=O]'NE, a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who gets children to beg for him:--_pl._ PADR[=O]'NI. [It. and Sp.,--L. _pater_, a father.] @@ -8144,22 +8113,22 @@ PADUASOY, pad'[=u]-a-soi, _n._ a smooth silk originally manufactured at _Padua_, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. _soie de Padoue_.] -PÆAN, p[=e]'an, _n._ a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour -of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.--_n._ PÆ'ON, a foot of four -syllables, one long, three short.--_adj._ PÆON'IC. [L.,--Gr. _Paian_ or +PÆAN, p[=e]'an, _n._ a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour +of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.--_n._ PÆ'ON, a foot of four +syllables, one long, three short.--_adj._ PÆON'IC. [L.,--Gr. _Paian_ or _Pai[=o]n_, an epithet of Apollo.] -PÆDAGOGY, PÆDAGOGICS, PÆDOBAPTISM, PÆDOBAPTIST. See PEDAGOGY, PEDAGOGICS, +PÆDAGOGY, PÆDAGOGICS, PÆDOBAPTISM, PÆDOBAPTIST. See PEDAGOGY, PEDAGOGICS, PEDOBAPTISM, PEDOBAPTIST. -PÆNULA, p[=e]'n[=u]-la, _n._ a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen +PÆNULA, p[=e]'n[=u]-la, _n._ a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy weather. -PÆONIN, p[=e]'[=o]-nin, _n._ a red colouring matter obtained from yellow +PÆONIN, p[=e]'[=o]-nin, _n._ a red colouring matter obtained from yellow coralline. -PÆONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ Same as PEONY. +PÆONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ Same as PEONY. PAFF, paf, _n._ a meaningless word, used with _piff_ to indicate jargon. @@ -8173,7 +8142,7 @@ towns--_pagus_, a district--_pang[)e]re_, to fix.] PAGE, p[=a]j, _n._ a boy attending on a person of distinction: a young lad employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in -walking.--_n._ PAGE'HOOD, condition of a page. [Fr. _page_; acc. to Littré, +walking.--_n._ PAGE'HOOD, condition of a page. [Fr. _page_; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. _pagensis_, a peasant--L. _pagus_, a village; acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. _paggio_, from Gr. _paidion_, dim. of _pais_, _paidos_, a boy.] @@ -8209,7 +8178,7 @@ PAGUS, p[=a]'gus, _n._ a country district with scattered hamlets, also its fortified centre: among the early Teutons, a division of the territory larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred. -PAH, pä, _interj._ an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust. +PAH, pä, _interj._ an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust. PAHLAVI. Same as PEHLEVI. @@ -8306,14 +8275,14 @@ PAITRICK, p[=a]'trik, _n._ (_Scot._) a partridge. PAJAMAS. See PYJAMAS. -PAJOCK, pä'jok, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as PEACOCK. +PAJOCK, pä'jok, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as PEACOCK. PAKTONG, pak'tong, _n._ the Chinese name for German silver.--Also PACK'FONG, PAK'FONG. [Chin.] PAL, pal, _n._ (_slang_) a partner, mate. [Gipsy.] -PALABRA, pa-lä'bra, _n._ talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.] +PALABRA, pa-lä'bra, _n._ talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.] PALACE, pal'[=a]s, _n._ the house of a king or a queen: a very large and splendid house: a bishop's official residence.--_n._ PAL'ACE-CAR, a @@ -8324,66 +8293,66 @@ PALADIN, pal'a-din, _n._ one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's household: a knight-errant, or paragon of knighthood. [Fr.,--It. _paladino_--L. _palatinus_, belonging to the palace. Cf. _Palatine_.] -PALÆARCTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the northern part of -the Old World.--PALÆARCTIC REGION, a great division embracing Europe, +PALÆARCTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the northern part of +the Old World.--PALÆARCTIC REGION, a great division embracing Europe, Africa north of the Atlas, and Asia north of the Himalaya. -PALÆICHTHYOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ik-th[=i]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of +PALÆICHTHYOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ik-th[=i]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of ichthyology which treats of fossil fishes. -PALÆOBOTANY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-bot'a-ni, _n._ the science or study of fossil -plants.--_adj._ PALÆOBOTAN'ICAL.--_n._ PALÆOBOT'ANIST. +PALÆOBOTANY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-bot'a-ni, _n._ the science or study of fossil +plants.--_adj._ PALÆOBOTAN'ICAL.--_n._ PALÆOBOT'ANIST. -PALÆOCRYSTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-kris'tik, _adj._ consisting of ancient ice. +PALÆOCRYSTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-kris'tik, _adj._ consisting of ancient ice. -PALÆOGRAPHY, PALEOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-og'ra-fi, _n._ ancient modes of +PALÆOGRAPHY, PALEOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-og'ra-fi, _n._ ancient modes of writing: study of ancient writings and modes of writing.--_n._ -PALÆOG'RAPHER, one skilled in palæography.--_adjs._ PALÆOGRAPH'IC, -AL, of -or pertaining to palæography.--_n._ PALÆOG'RAPHIST. [Gr. _palaios_, +PALÆOG'RAPHER, one skilled in palæography.--_adjs._ PALÆOGRAPH'IC, -AL, of +or pertaining to palæography.--_n._ PALÆOG'RAPHIST. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _graphein_, to write.] -PALÆOLITHIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the time +PALÆOLITHIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the time when early stone implements were used: the first half of the stone -age.--_n._ PALÆOL'ITH, a rude stone implement or object of the earlier +age.--_n._ PALÆOL'ITH, a rude stone implement or object of the earlier stone age. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _lithos_, a stone.] -PALÆOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ a discourse or treatise on -antiquities: archæology.--_n._ PALÆOL'OGIST, one versed in palæology: a +PALÆOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ a discourse or treatise on +antiquities: archæology.--_n._ PALÆOL'OGIST, one versed in palæology: a student of antiquity. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _logia_, discourse.] -PALÆONTOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of fossil -remains.--_adj._ PALÆONTOGRAPH'ICAL, pertaining to palæontography. [Gr. +PALÆONTOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of fossil +remains.--_adj._ PALÆONTOGRAPH'ICAL, pertaining to palæontography. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _onta_, existences, _graphein_, to write.] -PALÆONTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the ancient -life of the earth: description of fossil remains: archæology.--_adj._ -PALÆONTOLOG'ICAL, belonging to palæontology.--_n._ PALÆONTOL'OGIST, one -versed in palæontology. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _onta_, existences, +PALÆONTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the ancient +life of the earth: description of fossil remains: archæology.--_adj._ +PALÆONTOLOG'ICAL, belonging to palæontology.--_n._ PALÆONTOL'OGIST, one +versed in palæontology. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _onta_, existences, _logia_, discourse.] -PALÆOPHYTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ palæobotany. +PALÆOPHYTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ palæobotany. -PALÆOSAURUS, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-saw'rus, _n._ a genus of fossil saurian +PALÆOSAURUS, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-saw'rus, _n._ a genus of fossil saurian reptiles belonging to the Permian period. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _sauros_, lizard.] -PALÆOTHERIUM, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-th[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of fossil +PALÆOTHERIUM, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-th[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of fossil pachydermatous mammalia in the Eocene beds. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _th[=e]rion_, a wild beast.] -PALÆOZOIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting the lowest division +PALÆOZOIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting the lowest division of the fossiliferous rocks, so called because they contain the earliest forms of life. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _zo[=e]_, life.] -PALÆOZOOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ geologic -zoology.--_adjs._ PALÆOZOOLOG'IC, -AL. +PALÆOZOOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ geologic +zoology.--_adjs._ PALÆOZOOLOG'IC, -AL. -PALÆTIOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ti-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science which explains -past conditions by the law of causation.--_adj._ PALÆTIOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ -PALÆTIOL'OGIST. +PALÆTIOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ti-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science which explains +past conditions by the law of causation.--_adj._ PALÆTIOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ +PALÆTIOL'OGIST. PALAMA, pal'a-ma, _n._ the webbing of the toes of a bird:--_pl._ -PAL'AMÆ.--_adj._ PAL'AM[=A]TE. [Gr. _palam[=e]_.] +PAL'AMÆ.--_adj._ PAL'AM[=A]TE. [Gr. _palam[=e]_.] PALAMPORE, pal'am-p[=o]r, _n._ a flowered chintz bedcover common in the East.--Also PAL'EMPORE. [Prob. from the Ind. town of _Palamp[=u]r_.] @@ -8447,9 +8416,9 @@ dispirited.--_adv._ PALE'LY.--_n._ PALE'NESS.--_adjs._ PALE'-VIS'AGED [Fr.,--L. _pallidus_, pale.] PALEA, p[=a]'l[=e]-a, _n._ (_bot._) a chaffy bract at the base of the -florets in many _Compositæ_, also one of the inner scales of a grass-flower +florets in many _Compositæ_, also one of the inner scales of a grass-flower opposite the flowering glume: the throat-wattle, as in turkeys:--_pl._ -P[=A]'LEÆ.--_adj._ PALE[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._), resembling, consisting of, or +P[=A]'LEÆ.--_adj._ PALE[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._), resembling, consisting of, or furnished with chaff: chaffy. [L. _palea_, chaff.] PALEOTYPE, p[=a]'l[=e]-[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a system of spelling invented by @@ -8483,7 +8452,7 @@ riding on, or supplied with, a palfrey. [Fr. _palefroi_--Low L. _paraveredus_, prob. from Gr. _para_, beside, Low L. _veredus_, a post-horse--L. _veh[)e]re_, to draw, _rheda_, a carriage.] -PALI, pä'l[=e], _n._ the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern India, +PALI, pä'l[=e], _n._ the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern India, closely allied to Sanskrit. PALILLOGY, p[=a]-lil'[=o]-ji, _n._ a repetition of a word or phrase. [Gr. @@ -8520,18 +8489,18 @@ PALIS[=A]'DO:--_pl._ PALIS[=A]'DOES. [Fr.,--L. _palus_, a stake.] PALISANDER, pal-i-san'd[.e]r, _n._ rosewood. [Fr.] -PALISSÉE, pal-i-s[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) battlemented, the indentations +PALISSÉE, pal-i-s[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) battlemented, the indentations pointing both up and down. [Fr.] PALKEE, pal'k[=e], _n._ a palanquin.--_n._ PAL'KEE-GHAR'RY, a wheeled vehicle like a palanquin. [Hind.] PALL, pawl, _n._ a cloak or mantle, an outer garment: a chalice-cover: -(_her._) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses _patté fitché_, as in the +(_her._) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses _patté fitché_, as in the arms of the see of Canterbury--sometimes reversed: a pallium (q.v.): a curtain or covering: the cloth over a coffin at a funeral: that which brings deep sorrow.--_n._ PALL'-BEAR'ER, one of the mourners at a funeral -who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. _pæll_, purple cloth--L. +who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. _pæll_, purple cloth--L. _palla_, a mantle; cf. _Pallium_, a cloak.] PALL, pawl, _v.i._ to become vapid, insipid, or wearisome.--_v.t._ to make @@ -8590,20 +8559,20 @@ PALL'IAL. [L.] PALL-MALL, pel-mel', _n._ an old game, in which a ball was driven through an iron ring with a mallet: an alley where the game used to be played, hence the street in London.--_adv._ in pall-mall fashion. [O. Fr. -_pale-maille_--Old It. _palamaglio_--_palla_--Old High Ger. _pallá_ (Ger. +_pale-maille_--Old It. _palamaglio_--_palla_--Old High Ger. _pallá_ (Ger. _ball_, Eng. _ball_), and _maglio_--L. _malleus_, a hammer.] PALLOMETRIC, pal-o-met'rik, _adj._ pertaining to the measurement of artificial vibrations in the earth's surface. [Gr. _pallein_, to shake, _metron_, a measure.] -PALLONE, päl-l[=o]'n[=a], _n._ a game like tennis played with a ball, which +PALLONE, päl-l[=o]'n[=a], _n._ a game like tennis played with a ball, which is struck by the arm covered by a guard. [It.] PALLOR, pal'or, _n._ quality or state of being pallid or pale: paleness. [L.,--_pall[=e]re_, to be pale.] -PALM, päm, _n._ the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to +PALM, päm, _n._ the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to the breadth of the hand, or to its length from wrist to finger-tip: a measure of 3 and sometimes of 4 inches: that which covers the palm: the fluke of an anchor: the flattened portion of an antler.--_v.t._ to stroke @@ -8618,7 +8587,7 @@ the divisions extending half-way, or slightly more, down the leaf; PALMAT'IFORM, shaped like an open palm; PALMED, having palms. [Fr. _paume_--L. _palma_, the palm of the hand; Gr. _palam[=e]_.] -PALM, päm, _n._ a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at +PALM, päm, _n._ a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand: a leaf of this tree borne in token of rejoicing or of victory: (_fig._) triumph or victory.--_adjs._ PALM[=A]'CEOUS, belonging to the order of palm-trees; @@ -8636,7 +8605,7 @@ palm-branches were strewed in His way by the people; PALM'-WINE, the fermented sap of certain palms.--_adj._ PALM'Y, bearing palms: flourishing: victorious.--PALMA CHRISTI, the castor-oil plant. [A.S. from L., as above.] -PALMER, päm'[.e]r, _n._ a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by his +PALMER, päm'[.e]r, _n._ a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by his carrying a branch of palm: a cheat at cards or dice.--_ns._ PAL'MERIN, any medieval knightly hero, from the Palmerin romances, the original hero _Palmerin_ de Oliva; PALM'ER-WORM (_B._), a hairy worm which wanders like a @@ -8657,8 +8626,8 @@ PALMIPED, pal'mi-p[=e]d, _adj._ web-footed.--_n._ a web-footed or swimming bird:--_pl._ PALMIP'EDES (-[=e]z). [L. _palma_, palm of the hand, _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.] -PALMIST, pal'mist, or pä'mist, _n._ one who tells fortunes by the lines and -marks of the palm--also PAL'MISTER (or pä'-).--_n._ PAL'MISTRY (or pä'-), +PALMIST, pal'mist, or pä'mist, _n._ one who tells fortunes by the lines and +marks of the palm--also PAL'MISTER (or pä'-).--_n._ PAL'MISTRY (or pä'-), the practice of telling fortunes by the lines, &c., of the palm. PALMYRA, pal-m[=i]'ra, _n._ an East Indian palm furnishing the greater part @@ -8669,7 +8638,7 @@ PALOLO, pa-l[=o]'l[=o], _n._ an edible annelid allied to the lugworm, found near Polynesian coral-reefs. PALP, palp, _n._ a jointed sensiferous organ attached in pairs to the -labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from antennæ, which +labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from antennæ, which are on the top of the head--also PAL'PUS:--_pl._ PAL'PI.--_adjs._ PAL'PAL; PALPED; PAL'PIFORM; PALPIG'EROUS, bearing palpi; PALP'LESS.--_n._ PAL'P[=U]LUS, a little palp. [Low L. _palpus_--L. _palp[=a]re_, to stroke.] @@ -8699,7 +8668,7 @@ of a special order of nobility, esp. one of the hereditary rulers of the Palatinate:--_fem._ PALS'GRAVINE. PALSTAFF, pal'staf, _n._ an old Celtic and Scandinavian weapon--a wedge of -stone or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan.,--Ice. _pálstafr_.] +stone or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan.,--Ice. _pálstafr_.] PALSY, pawl'zi, _n._ a loss of power or of feeling, more or less complete, in the muscles of the body: paralysis.--_v.t._ to affect with palsy: to @@ -8780,11 +8749,11 @@ _akos_, cure.] PANACHE, pa-nash', _n._ a plume of feathers, used as a head-dress. [Fr.] -PANADA, pa-nä'da, _n._ a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, +PANADA, pa-nä'da, _n._ a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, with sweetening and flavour: a batter for forcemeats. [Sp.] -PANÆSTHESIA, pan-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ common sensation, as distinct from -special sensations or sense-perceptions.--_n._ PANSÆS'THETISM. +PANÆSTHESIA, pan-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ common sensation, as distinct from +special sensations or sense-perceptions.--_n._ PANSÆS'THETISM. PANAGIA, pa-n[=a]'ji-a, _n._ an epithet of the Virgin in the Eastern Church: an ornament worn hanging on the breast by Russian bishops--also @@ -8802,15 +8771,15 @@ Church. PANARITIUM, pan-a-rish'i-um, _n._ suppurative inflammation in a finger--same as _whitlow_. -PANARTHRITIS, pan-är-thr[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation involving all the +PANARTHRITIS, pan-är-thr[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation involving all the structures of a joint. PANARY, pan'a-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to bread.--_n._ a storehouse for bread: a pantry. [L. _panis_, bread.] -PANATHENÆA, pan-ath-[=e]-n[=e]'a, _n.pl._ the chief national festival of +PANATHENÆA, pan-ath-[=e]-n[=e]'a, _n.pl._ the chief national festival of ancient Athens--the lesser held annually, the greater every fourth -year.--_adjs._ PANATHENÆ'AN, PANATHEN[=A]'IC. [Gr.] +year.--_adjs._ PANATHENÆ'AN, PANATHEN[=A]'IC. [Gr.] PANAX, pa-naks', _n._ a genus of shrubs with radiately or pinnately compound leaves and small flowers in compound umbels, the ginseng. [Gr., @@ -8823,7 +8792,7 @@ TUESDAY, Shrove Tuesday. PANCH, panch, _n._ a thick mat made of strands of rope, used in ships in places to prevent chafing.--Also PAUNCH. -PANCHATANTRA, pan-chä-tänt'rä, _n._ the oldest extant collection of +PANCHATANTRA, pan-chä-tänt'rä, _n._ the oldest extant collection of apologues and stories in Sanskrit literature, arranged in five books. PANCHEON, pan'chon, _n._ a coarse earthenware pan.--Also PANCH'IN. @@ -8850,7 +8819,7 @@ PANDA, pan'da, _n._ a remarkable animal in the bear section of Carnivores found in the south-east Himalayas.--Also _Chitwah_, or _Red bear-cat_. PANDANUS, pan-d[=a]'nus, _n._ the screw-pipe, the typical genus of the -_Pandaneæ_. [Malay.] +_Pandaneæ_. [Malay.] PANDATION, pan-d[=a]'shun, _n._ a yielding or warping. [L. _pand[=a]re_, to bend.] @@ -9084,7 +9053,7 @@ PANOPTICON, pan-op'ti-kon, _n._ a prison so constructed that all the prisoners can be watched from one point: an exhibition room. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _horaein_, fut. _opsesthai_, to see.] -PANORAMA, pan-[=o]-rä'ma, _n._ a wide or complete view: a picture giving +PANORAMA, pan-[=o]-rä'ma, _n._ a wide or complete view: a picture giving views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.--_adj._ PANORA'MIC. [Gr. _pan_, all, _horama_, a view, from _horaein_, to see.] @@ -9121,14 +9090,14 @@ PANSPERMATISM, pan-sper'ma-tizm, _n._ the theory of the widespread diffusion of germs--also PANSPER'MY.--_n._ PANSPER'MATIST, a holder of this.--_adj._ PANSPER'MIC. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _sperma_, seed.] -PANSTEREORAMA, pan-ster-[=e]-[=o]-rä'ma, _n._ a model showing every part in +PANSTEREORAMA, pan-ster-[=e]-[=o]-rä'ma, _n._ a model showing every part in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _stereos_, solid, _horama_, a view.] PANSY, pan'zi, _n._ a species of violet developed by cultivation into large blossoms of great variety of colour--also _Heart's-ease_, _Love-in-idleness_:--_pl._ PAN'SIES.--_adj._ PAN'SIED. [Fr. -_pensée_--_penser_, to think--L. _pens[=a]re_, to weigh.] +_pensée_--_penser_, to think--L. _pens[=a]re_, to weigh.] PANT, pant, _v.i._ to breathe hard and quickly: to show excitement by quickness of breathing: to gasp: to throb: to desire ardently: to heave, as @@ -9190,7 +9159,7 @@ _pantheion_ (_hieron_), (a temple) for all gods--_pas_, _pan_, all, _theos_, a god.] PANTHER, pan'th[.e]r, _n._ a fierce, spotted, carnivorous quadruped of Asia -and Africa:--_fem._ PAN'THERESS. [Fr. _panthère_--L.,--Gr. _panth[=e]r_.] +and Africa:--_fem._ PAN'THERESS. [Fr. _panthère_--L.,--Gr. _panth[=e]r_.] PANTILE, pan't[=i]l, _n._ a tile with a curved surface, convex or concave with reference to its width: a tile whose cross-section forms a double @@ -9270,7 +9239,7 @@ PAP'SPOON, a spoon for infants. [Imit.] PAP, pap, _n._ a nipple or teat: a woman's breast: a round conical hill, as the _Paps_ of Jura. -PAPA, pa-pä', or pä'pa, _n._ father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek +PAPA, pa-pä', or pä'pa, _n._ father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek Church. [Imit.] PAPACY, p[=a]'pa-si, _n._ the office of the Pope: the authority of the @@ -9281,7 +9250,7 @@ P[=A]'PALIST.--_adv._ P[=A]'PALLY.--_ns._ P[=A]PAPH[=O]'BIA, extreme fear of the Pope, or the progress of papacy; P[=A]'PARCHY, papal government. [Low L. _papatia_--_papa_, a father.] -PAPAIN, pä'pa-in, _n._ a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of the +PAPAIN, pä'pa-in, _n._ a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of the papaw, one of the digestive ferments applied in some cases of dyspepsia, either internally or for the predigestion of food. @@ -9384,12 +9353,12 @@ PAPHIAN, p[=a]'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Paphos_ in Cyprus, sacred to Aphrodite: lascivious.--_n._ a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a whore. -PAPIER-MÂCHÉ, pap'y[=a]-mä'sh[=a], _n._ a material consisting either of +PAPIER-MÂCHÉ, pap'y[=a]-mä'sh[=a], _n._ a material consisting either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) somewhat -resembles plaster. [Fr. _papier_--L. _papyrus_; _mâché_ is pa.p. of Fr. -_mâcher_, to chew--L. _mastic[=a]re_, to masticate.] +resembles plaster. [Fr. _papier_--L. _papyrus_; _mâché_ is pa.p. of Fr. +_mâcher_, to chew--L. _mastic[=a]re_, to masticate.] PAPILIONACEOUS, pa-pil-yo-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a flower shaped somewhat like a butterfly, as the bean, pea, &c. [L. _papilio_, @@ -9398,14 +9367,14 @@ _-onis_, a butterfly.] PAPILLA, pa-pil'a, _n._ one of the minute elevations on the skin, esp. on the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in which the nerves terminate: (_bot._) a nipple-like protuberance:--_pl._ -PAPILL'Æ.--_adjs._ PAP'ILLAR, PAP'ILLARY, like a papilla, provided with -papillæ; PAP'ILL[=A]TE, formed into a papilla, studded with -papillæ.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to become a papilla, to cover with +PAPILL'Æ.--_adjs._ PAP'ILLAR, PAP'ILLARY, like a papilla, provided with +papillæ; PAP'ILL[=A]TE, formed into a papilla, studded with +papillæ.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to become a papilla, to cover with such.--_adjs._ PAPILLIF'EROUS, papillate: bearing one or more fleshy excrescences; PAPILL'IFORM, like a papilla in form.--_ns._ PAPILL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the optic papilla; PAPILL[=O]'MA, a tumour formed by the hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, -&c.--_adjs._ PAPILLOM'ATOUS; PAP'ILL[=O]SE, full of papillæ, warty--also +&c.--_adjs._ PAPILLOM'ATOUS; PAP'ILL[=O]SE, full of papillæ, warty--also PAP'ILLOUS; PAPILL'[=U]LATE, finely papillose.--_n._ PAP'ILL[=U]LE, a very small papilla, a verruca or a variole. [L., a small pustule, dim. of _papula_.] @@ -9436,7 +9405,7 @@ Australia. [Malay.] PAPULOSE, pap'[=u]-l[=o]s, _adj._ full of pimples--also PAP'[=U]LOUS.--_n._ PAP'[=U]LA, a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:--_pl._ -PAP'[=U]LÆ.--_adj._ PAP'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ PAP[=U]L[=A]'TION, the development +PAP'[=U]LÆ.--_adj._ PAP'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ PAP[=U]L[=A]'TION, the development of papules; PAP'[=U]LE, a pimple.--_adj._ PAPULIF'EROUS, pimply. [L. _papula_, a pimple.] @@ -9451,7 +9420,7 @@ document.--_v.t._ to produce by means of such.--_adj._ P[=A]PYROGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PAPYROG'RAPHY. [L.--Gr. _papyros_, prob. Egyptian.] -PAR, pär, _n._ state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state +PAR, pär, _n._ state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price marked on them--i.e. without _premium_ or _discount_: equality of condition.--_v.t._ to fix an equality between.--PAR OF EXCHANGE, the value @@ -9461,9 +9430,9 @@ value; BELOW PAR, at a discount, or at less than the nominal value; NOMINAL PAR, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is known. [L. _par_, equal.] -PAR, pär, _n._ Same as PARR. +PAR, pär, _n._ Same as PARR. -PARA, pa-rä', _n._ a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in +PARA, pa-rä', _n._ a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about 1/18th of a penny in Turkey and 1/16th in Egypt. @@ -9535,7 +9504,7 @@ weather. [Gr., _para_, beside, _chroa_, colour.] PARACHUTE, par'a-sh[=oo]t, _n._ an apparatus like an umbrella for descending safely from a balloon.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to descend by means of -such.--_n._ PAR'ACHUTIST. [Fr., for _par' à chute_, from Fr. _parer_--L. +such.--_n._ PAR'ACHUTIST. [Fr., for _par' à chute_, from Fr. _parer_--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, _chute_, a fall--L. _cad[)e]re_.] PARACLETE, par'a-kl[=e]t, _n._ the Comforter, Advocate, or Intercessor of @@ -9611,7 +9580,7 @@ PARADOXURE, par-a-dok's[=u]r, _n._ a civet-like carnivore of Southern Asia and Malaysia, the palm-cat of India.--_adj._ PARADOX[=U]'RINE, having a paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail. -PARÆSTHESIA, par-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ abnormal sensation. [Gr. _para_, +PARÆSTHESIA, par-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ abnormal sensation. [Gr. _para_, beyond, _aisth[=e]sis_, sensation.] PARAFFIN, par'af-fin, _n._ a white, transparent, crystalline substance, @@ -9644,7 +9613,7 @@ PARAGLOBULIN, par-a-glob'[=u]-lin, _n._ a globulin found in blood-serum, fibrino-plastin.--Also PARAGL[=O]'BIN. PARAGLOSSA, par-a-glos'a, _n._ one of the two appendages of the ligula in -insects.--_adjs._ PARAGLOSS'AL; PARAGLOSS'ATE, provided with paraglossæ. +insects.--_adjs._ PARAGLOSS'AL; PARAGLOSS'ATE, provided with paraglossæ. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.] PARAGNATHOUS, par-ag'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having both mandibles of equal @@ -9671,12 +9640,12 @@ a punster. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gramma_, something written, _graphein_, to write.] PARAGRAPH, par'a-graf, _n._ a distinct part of a discourse or writing -marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual +marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences with unity of purpose.--_v.t._ to form into paragraphs.--_ns._ PAR'AGRAPHER, PAR'AGRAPHIST, one who writes in paragraphs, esp. for newspapers.--_adjs._ PARAGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PARAGRAPH'ICALLY. [The mark -¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., +¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., from Gr. _paragraphos_--_para_, beside, _graphein_, to write.] PARAHELIOTROPISM, par-a-h[=e]-li-ot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ the diurnal sleep of @@ -9715,7 +9684,7 @@ par'alleled or par'allelled.--_n._ PAR'ALLELISM, state of being parallel: resemblance: comparison: likeness of form or meaning, as of two statements, clauses, or verses.--_adj._ PARALLELIS'TIC, of the nature of, or involving, parallelism.--_adv._ PAR'ALLELLY.--PARALLEL BARS, a pair of bars securely -fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in +fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in gymnastics to strengthen the arms; PARALLEL FORCES, forces which act in parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of moments; PARALLEL MOTION, a name given to any linkage by which circular @@ -9804,7 +9773,7 @@ PARANOI'A.--_ns._ PARANOE'AC, PARANOI'AC.--_adj._ PARANOE'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _noein_, to think.] PARANTHELION, par-an-th[=e]'li-on, _n._ a diffuse whitish image of the sun, -having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120°--due to +having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120°--due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr. _para_, beside, _anti_, against, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.] @@ -9906,11 +9875,11 @@ PARAQUITO, par-a-k[=e]'to, _n._ Same as PAROQUET, PARRAKEET. PARARCTALIA, par-ark-t[=a]'li-a, _n._ the northern temperate realm of the waters of the globe.--_adj._ PARARCT[=A]'LIAN. -PARARTHRIA, pa-rär'thri-ä, _n._ disordered articulation of speech. [Gr. +PARARTHRIA, pa-rär'thri-ä, _n._ disordered articulation of speech. [Gr. _para_, beside, _arthron_, a joint.] PARASANG, par'a-sang, _n._ a Persian measure of length, containing 30 -stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr. _parasang[=e]s_--Pers. _farsang_.] +stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr. _parasang[=e]s_--Pers. _farsang_.] PARASCENIUM, par-a-s[=e]'ni-um, _n._ in the Greek theatre, one of the wings on either side of the proscenium:--_pl._ PARASC[=E]'NIA. [Gr.] @@ -9924,7 +9893,7 @@ PARASCHEMATIC, par-a-sk[=e]-mat'ik, _adj._ imitative. [Gr. _para_, beside, _sch[=e]ma_, a scheme.] PARASELENE, par-a-se-l[=e]'n[=e], _n._ a mock moon, seen in connection with -a lunar rainbow (cf. _Parahelion_):--_pl._ PARASEL[=E]'NÆ.--_adj._ +a lunar rainbow (cf. _Parahelion_):--_pl._ PARASEL[=E]'NÆ.--_adj._ PARASELEN'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _sel[=e]n[=e]_, the moon.] PARASITE, par'a-s[=i]t, _n._ one who frequents another's table: a @@ -9965,30 +9934,30 @@ PARAVAIL, par'a-v[=a]l, _adj._ inferior: lowest, said of a feudal tenant: of least account--opp. to _Paramount_. [O. Fr. _par aval_, below--L. _per_, through, _ad_, to, _vallem_, a valley.] -PARAVANT, PARAVAUNT, par'a-vänt, _adv._ (_Spens._) in front, first, +PARAVANT, PARAVAUNT, par'a-vänt, _adv._ (_Spens._) in front, first, beforehand. [O. Fr. _paravant_--_par_, through, _avant_, before--L. _ab_, from, _ante_, before.] -PARBAKE, pär'b[=a]k, _v.t._ to bake partially. [Formed on analogy of +PARBAKE, pär'b[=a]k, _v.t._ to bake partially. [Formed on analogy of _parboil_.] -PARBOIL, pär'boil, _v.t._ to boil slightly or in part--as if from _part_ +PARBOIL, pär'boil, _v.t._ to boil slightly or in part--as if from _part_ and _boil_. -PARBREAK, pär'br[=a]k, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to throw out, to +PARBREAK, pär'br[=a]k, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to throw out, to vomit.--_n._ (_Spens._) vomit. [Fr. _par_--L. _per_, through, and _break_.] [Illustration] -PARBUCKLE, pär'buk'l, _n._ a purchase made by looping a rope in the middle +PARBUCKLE, pär'buk'l, _n._ a purchase made by looping a rope in the middle to aid in rolling casks up or down an incline, or in furling a sail by rolling the yards: a sling made by passing both ends of a rope through its bight.--_v.t._ to hoist or lower by a parbuckle:--_pr.p._ par'buckling; _pa.p._ par'buckled. [Prob. L. _par_, equal, and _buckle_.] -PARCÆ, pär's[=e], _n.pl._ the Fates. +PARCÆ, pär's[=e], _n.pl._ the Fates. -PARCEL, pär'sel, _n._ a little part: a portion: a quantity, as of single +PARCEL, pär'sel, _n._ a little part: a portion: a quantity, as of single articles: a number forming a group or a lot: a package.--_v.t._ to divide into portions:--_pr.p._ par'celling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ par'celled.--_n._ PAR'CEL-BAWD (_Shak._), one partly a bawd.--_adjs._ PAR'CEL-BEARD'ED @@ -10000,28 +9969,28 @@ charge of the forwarding and delivery of small parcels. [Fr. _parcelle_ PARCENARY, par'se-n[=a]-ri, _n._ co-heirship.--_n._ PAR'CENER, a co-heir. -PARCH, pärch, _v.t._ to burn slightly: to scorch.--_v.i._ to be scorched: +PARCH, pärch, _v.t._ to burn slightly: to scorch.--_v.i._ to be scorched: to become very dry.--_adj._ PARCHED, scorched.--_adv._ PARCH'EDLY.--_n._ PARCH'EDNESS. [M. E. _parchen_, either a variety of _per(s)chen_=_peris(c)hen_, to kill, or from _perchen_, to pierce.] -PARCHMENT, pärch'ment, _n._ the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for +PARCHMENT, pärch'ment, _n._ the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on.--PARCHMENT PAPER, or VEGETABLE PARCHMENT (see PAPER).--VIRGIN PARCHMENT, a fine kind of parchment made from the skins of new-born lambs or kids. [Fr. _parchemin_--L. _pergamena_ (_charta_, paper)--from Gr. _Pergamos_.] -PARD, pärd, _n._ (_slang_) a partner, mate. +PARD, pärd, _n._ (_slang_) a partner, mate. -PARD, pärd, _n._ the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any spotted +PARD, pärd, _n._ the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any spotted animal.--_n._ PARD'ALE (_Spens._). [L. _pardus_--Gr. _pardos_, the panther, the leopard.] -PARDIEU, pär'd[=u], PARDI, PARDY, pär'di, _adv._ (_Spens._) in truth: +PARDIEU, pär'd[=u], PARDI, PARDY, pär'di, _adv._ (_Spens._) in truth: certainly. [Fr., by God--_par_--L. _per_, through, by, _Dieu_--L. _deus_, God.] -PARDON, pär'don, _v.t._ to forgive, said either of an offender or of a +PARDON, pär'don, _v.t._ to forgive, said either of an offender or of a crime: to pass by without punishment or blame: to set free from punishment: to let off without doing something.--_n._ forgiveness, either of an offender or of his offence: remission of a penalty or punishment: a warrant @@ -10034,7 +10003,7 @@ pardon.--PARDON ME, excuse me--used in apology and to soften a contradiction. [Fr. _pardonner_--Low L. _perdon[=a]re_--L. _per_, through, away, _don[=a]re_, to give.] -PARDY, pär'di, _adv._ A form of _pardieu_. +PARDY, pär'di, _adv._ A form of _pardieu_. PARE, p[=a]r, _v.t._ to cut or shave off: to trim, or to remove by cutting: to diminish by littles.--_n._ P[=A]R'ER, one who, or that which, pares. @@ -10056,7 +10025,7 @@ PAREMBOLE, pa-rem'b[=o]-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) an inserted phrase modifying or explaining the thought of the sentence--closer to the context than a parenthesis. [Gr.] -PARENCHYMA, pa-reng'ki-mä, _n._ the soft cellular tissue of glandular and +PARENCHYMA, pa-reng'ki-mä, _n._ the soft cellular tissue of glandular and other organs, as the pith in plants or the pulp in fruits.--_adjs._ PARENCH'YMAL, PARENCHYM'ATOUS, PARENCH'YMOUS. [Gr., _para_, beside, _engchein_, to pour in.] @@ -10089,19 +10058,19 @@ PARERGON, pa-r[.e]r'gon, _n._ a by-work, any work subsidiary to another. PARESIS, par'e-sis, _n._ a diminished activity of function--a partial form of paralysis.--_adj._ PARET'IC. [Gr., _parienai_, to relax.] -PARFAY, pär-f[=a]', _interj._ by or in faith. [Fr.] +PARFAY, pär-f[=a]', _interj._ by or in faith. [Fr.] -PARFILAGE, pär'fi-l[=a]j, _n._ the unravelling of woven fabrics, to save +PARFILAGE, pär'fi-l[=a]j, _n._ the unravelling of woven fabrics, to save gold or silver threads. [Fr.] -PARFLECHE, pär-flesh', _n._ rawhide of buffalo-skin stripped of hair and +PARFLECHE, pär-flesh', _n._ rawhide of buffalo-skin stripped of hair and dried on a stretcher: a wallet, tent, &c. of such material. [Canadian Fr.,--Ind.] -PARGASITE, pär'ga-s[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green crystallised variety of +PARGASITE, pär'ga-s[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green crystallised variety of amphibole or hornblende. -PARGET, pär'jet, _n._ (_Spens._) the plaster of a wall: paint.--_v.t._ to +PARGET, pär'jet, _n._ (_Spens._) the plaster of a wall: paint.--_v.t._ to plaster: to paint.--_ns._ PAR'GETER; PAR'GETING, PARGE'-WORK. [L. _paries_, _parietis_, a wall; or Low L. _spargit[=a]re_, to sprinkle--L. _sparg[)e]re_.] @@ -10117,7 +10086,7 @@ the four Brahminical castes: one who has lost his caste: an outcast. [Tamil.] PARIAN, p[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to or found in the island of -_Paros_, in the Ægean Sea.--_n._ an inhabitant of Paros: a fine porcelain +_Paros_, in the Ægean Sea.--_n._ an inhabitant of Paros: a fine porcelain for statuettes, resembling marble.--PARIAN MARBLE, a fine marble found in Paros, much used by the ancients for statues. @@ -10154,9 +10123,9 @@ PARISYLLABIC, par-i-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having the same number of syllables. PARITOR, par'i-tor, _n._ Same as APPARITOR. PARITY, par'i-ti, _n._ state of being equal in rank, position, quality, -&c.: resemblance: analogy. [Fr. _parité_--L. _paritas_--_par_, equal.] +&c.: resemblance: analogy. [Fr. _parité_--L. _paritas_--_par_, equal.] -PARK, pärk, _n._ an enclosed piece of land for a special purpose, as for +PARK, pärk, _n._ an enclosed piece of land for a special purpose, as for wild beasts: a grass field: a tract of land surrounding a mansion: a piece of ground enclosed for recreation: (_mil._) a space in an encampment occupied by the artillery; hence, a collection of artillery, or stores in @@ -10164,7 +10133,7 @@ an encampment.--_v.t._ to enclose: to bring together in a body, as artillery.--_n._ PARK'ER, the keeper of a park. [A.S. _pearroc_, prob. modified by Fr. _parc_.] -PARLANCE, pär'lans, _n._ speaking: conversation: peculiar manner of +PARLANCE, pär'lans, _n._ speaking: conversation: peculiar manner of conversation.--_adj._ and _adv._ PARLAN'DO, declamatory in style: in recitative.--_v.i._ PARLE (_Shak._), to talk.--_n._ (_Shak._) talk, conversation.--_v.i._ PAR'LEY, to speak with another: to confer on some @@ -10172,7 +10141,7 @@ important point: to treat with an enemy.--_n._ talk: a conference with an enemy in war. [Fr. _parler_--L. _parabola_--Gr. _parabol[=e]_, a parable, word.] -PARLIAMENT, pär'li-ment, _n._ a meeting for deliberation: the supreme +PARLIAMENT, pär'li-ment, _n._ a meeting for deliberation: the supreme legislature of Great Britain, also of some of her colonies: in France, down to the Revolution, one of certain superior and final courts of judicature, in which also the edicts of the king were registered before becoming @@ -10188,11 +10157,11 @@ day, at the rate of one penny per mile.--ACT OF PARLIAMENT, a statute that has passed through both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and received the formal royal assent. [Fr. _parlement_--_parler_, to speak.] -PARLOUR, pär'lur, _n._ an ordinary family sitting-room: a room for +PARLOUR, pär'lur, _n._ an ordinary family sitting-room: a room for receiving guests in.--_n._ PAR'LOUR-BOARD'ER, a pupil at a boarding-school who enjoys particular privileges. [Fr., _parloir_--_parler_, to speak.] -PARLOUS, pär'lus, _adj._ perilous, venturesome, notable.--_adv._ +PARLOUS, pär'lus, _adj._ perilous, venturesome, notable.--_adv._ PAR'LOUSLY. [_Perilous._] PARMACETY, par-mas-it'i, _n._ (_Shak._) a corr. of _spermaceti_. @@ -10203,7 +10172,7 @@ PARNASSUS, par-nas'us, _n._ a mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses.--_adj._ PARNASS'IAN.--GRASS OF PARNASSUS, a plant with beautiful white or yellowish flowers. -PARNELLISM, pär'nel-izm, _n._ the plans and methods of agitation used by +PARNELLISM, pär'nel-izm, _n._ the plans and methods of agitation used by Charles Stewart _Parnell_ (1846-91) for the purpose of promoting 'Home Rule' for Ireland.--_n._ PAR'NELLITE, one of the followers of C. S. Parnell.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the nationalist movement led by @@ -10264,13 +10233,13 @@ syllable.--_v.t._ to accent a word in this way. [Illustration] -PARQUET, pär-ket', _n._ the part of the floor of a theatre, &c., behind the +PARQUET, pär-ket', _n._ the part of the floor of a theatre, &c., behind the musicians' seats, but not under the gallery: the pit or the whole of the floor of a theatre: parquetry.--_n._ PAR'QUETRY, woodwork inlaid with figures, for floors. [Fr. _parquet_, an inlaid floor, dim. of _parc_, an enclosure.] -PARR, pär, _n._ a young salmon. +PARR, pär, _n._ a young salmon. PARRAKEET, par'a-k[=e]t, _n._ Same as PAROQUET. @@ -10280,7 +10249,7 @@ PARRICIDE, par'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder of one's own father or mother: the murder of a parent: the murder of any one to whom reverence is due.--_adj._ PARRICID'AL, pertaining to, or committing, parricide. [Fr.,--L. _parricida_ (for _patri-cida_)--_pater_, _patris_, father, -_cæd[)e]re_, to slay.] +_cæd[)e]re_, to slay.] PARROT, par'rut, _n._ one of a family of tropical and subtropical birds, with brilliant plumage and a hooked bill, remarkable for their faculty of @@ -10295,36 +10264,36 @@ and _pa.p._ parr'ied.--_n._ a turning aside of a blow or a thrust: a defensive movement of any kind. [Fr. _parer_--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, in Low L. to keep off.] -PARSE, pärs, _v.t._ (_gram._) to tell the parts of speech of a sentence and +PARSE, pärs, _v.t._ (_gram._) to tell the parts of speech of a sentence and the relations of the various words to each other.--_n._ PARS'ING. [L. _pars (orationis)_, a part of speech.] -PARSEE, PARSI, pär's[=e], _n._ one of the surviving remnant of +PARSEE, PARSI, pär's[=e], _n._ one of the surviving remnant of Zoroastrianism which took refuge in India in the 7th century: a fire-worshipper.--_n._ PAR'SEEISM. [Pers. _P[=a]rs[=i]_--_P[=a]rs_, Persia.] -PARSIMONY, pär'si-mun-i, _n._ sparingness in the spending of money: +PARSIMONY, pär'si-mun-i, _n._ sparingness in the spending of money: frugality: niggardliness.--_adj._ PARSIM[=O]'NIOUS, sparing in the use of money: frugal to excess: niggardly: covetous.--_adv._ PARSIM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_n._ PARSIM[=O]'NIOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _parsimonia_, _parcimonia_--_parc[)e]re_, to spare.] -PARSLEY, pärs'li, _n._ a bright-green herb, with finely divided, strongly +PARSLEY, pärs'li, _n._ a bright-green herb, with finely divided, strongly scented leaves, used in cookery. [Fr. _persil_--L. _petroselinum_--Gr. _petroselinon_--_petros_, a rock, _selinon_, a kind of parsley.] -PARSNIP, PARSNEP, pärs'nip, _n._ an edible plant with a carrot-like root. +PARSNIP, PARSNEP, pärs'nip, _n._ an edible plant with a carrot-like root. [O. Fr. _pastenaque_--L. _pastinaca_--_pastinum_, a dibble.] -PARSON, pär'sn, _n._ the priest or incumbent of a parish: a clergyman: one +PARSON, pär'sn, _n._ the priest or incumbent of a parish: a clergyman: one who is licensed to preach.--_n._ PAR'SONAGE, the residence of the minister of a parish: (_orig._) the house, lands, tithes, &c. set apart for the support of the minister of a parish.--_adjs._ PARSON'IC, PAR'SONISH, pertaining to or like a parson. [O. Fr. _persone_--L. _pers[=o]na_, a person.] -PART, pärt, _n._ something less than the whole: a portion: a quantity or +PART, pärt, _n._ something less than the whole: a portion: a quantity or number making up with others a larger quantity or number: a fraction: a member or essential part of a whole: a proportional quantity: one's share: interest: side or party: action: character taken by an actor in a play: @@ -10340,7 +10309,7 @@ PART, commonly; IN BAD, or ILL, PART, unfavourably; IN GOOD PART, favourably; TAKE PART IN, to share or to assist in; TAKE PART WITH, to take one's side. [Fr.,--L. _pars_, _partis_.] -PARTAKE, pär-t[=a]k', _v.i._ to take or have a part, either absolutely, or +PARTAKE, pär-t[=a]k', _v.i._ to take or have a part, either absolutely, or with of or in before the thing shared, as food, &c.: to have something of the nature or properties, &c.: to be admitted: (_Shak._) to make common cause.--_v.t._ to have a part in: to share: (_Shak._) to @@ -10355,19 +10324,19 @@ PARTERRE, par-ter', _n._ an arrangement of flower-plots with spaces of turf or gravel between for walks: the pit of a theatre, esp. beneath the galleries. [Fr.,--L. _per terram_, along the ground.] -PARTHENOGENESIS, pär-the-n[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ reproduction without renewed +PARTHENOGENESIS, pär-the-n[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ reproduction without renewed impregnation by a male, as in aphids or plant-lice, &c.--also PARTHENOG'ENY.--_adjs._ PARTHENOGENET'IC, PARTHENOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _parthenos_, a virgin, _genesis_, production.] -PARTHENON, pär'the-non, _n._ the temple of Ath[=e]n[=e] _Parth[)e]nos_, on +PARTHENON, pär'the-non, _n._ the temple of Ath[=e]n[=e] _Parth[)e]nos_, on the Acropolis at Athens. [Gr. _Parthen[=o]n_--_parthenos_, a virgin.] PARTHIAN, par'thi-an, _adj._ of or belonging to _Parthia_, in Persia.--A PARTHIAN SHOT, a shot or blow given while pretending to fly, a parting shot. -PARTIAL, pär'shal, _adj._ relating to a part only: not total or entire: +PARTIAL, pär'shal, _adj._ relating to a part only: not total or entire: inclined to favour one person or party: having a preference: (_bot._) subordinate.--_v.t._ PAR'TIALISE (_Shak._), to render partial.--_ns._ PAR'TIALISM, the doctrine of the Partialists; PAR'TIALIST, one who holds @@ -10376,7 +10345,7 @@ PARTIAL'ITY, state or quality of being partial: liking for one thing more than for others.--_adv._ PAR'TIALLY.[Fr.,--Low L. _partialis_--L. _pars_, a part.] -PARTIBLE, pär'ti-bl, _adj._ that may be parted: separable.--_n._ +PARTIBLE, pär'ti-bl, _adj._ that may be parted: separable.--_n._ PARTIBIL'ITY. PARTIBUS, par'ti-bus, _n._ in Scots law, a note on the margin of a summons, @@ -10385,8 +10354,8 @@ phrase applying formerly to bishops who were merely titular, without regular jurisdiction, their function to assist some other bishop or to act as delegates of the Pope where no hierarchy had as yet been established. -PARTICIPATE, pär-tis'i-p[=a]t, _v.i._ to partake: to have a share.--_v.t._ -to receive a part or share of.--_n._ PÄR'TICEPS CRIM'INIS, one who, +PARTICIPATE, pär-tis'i-p[=a]t, _v.i._ to partake: to have a share.--_v.t._ +to receive a part or share of.--_n._ PÄR'TICEPS CRIM'INIS, one who, although not present, helps in any way the commission of a crime, or who after the deed assists or hides the person who did it.--_adjs._ PARTIC'IPABLE, capable of being participated in or shared; PARTIC'IPANT, @@ -10396,13 +10365,13 @@ participating.--_n._ PARTIC'IP[=A]TOR, one who partakes with another: a sharer. [L. _particip[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pars_, part, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] -PARTICIPLE, pär'ti-si-pl, _n._ a word having the value of an adjective but +PARTICIPLE, pär'ti-si-pl, _n._ a word having the value of an adjective but regularly formed from a verb.--_adj._ PARTICIP'IAL, having the nature of a participle: formed from a participle.--_adv._ PARTICIP'IALLY.[L.,--_participium_--_particeps_--_pars_, a part, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] -PARTICLE, pär'ti-kl, _n._ a little part: a very small portion: (_physics_) +PARTICLE, pär'ti-kl, _n._ a little part: a very small portion: (_physics_) the minutest part into which a body can be divided: an atom: (_gram._) an indeclinable word, as a preposition, a conjunction, an interjection: a word that can only be used in composition, as _wise_ in side_wise_: (_R.C. @@ -10429,19 +10398,19 @@ dim. of _pars_, _partis_, a part.] PARTIM, part'im, _adv._ in part. [L.] -PARTING, pärt'ing, _adj._ putting apart: separating: departing: given at +PARTING, pärt'ing, _adj._ putting apart: separating: departing: given at parting.--_n._ the act of parting: a division: a point or a line of division: the division of the hair on the head in dressing it: (_geol._) a division of a mineral into layers: a snapping or breaking under a great strain, as of a cable.--_n._ PART'ING-CUP, a drinking-cup with two handles on opposite sides. -PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ an adherent of a party or a faction: one who is +PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ an adherent of a party or a faction: one who is too strongly devoted to his own party or sect to be able to understand or to judge fairly of others.--_adj._ adhering to a party.--_n._ PAR'TISANSHIP. [Fr. (It. _partigiano_),--L. _part[=i]ri_.] -PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, common +PARTISAN, pär'ti-zan, _n._ a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, common in the Middle Ages: a soldier armed with such a weapon. [O. Fr. _pertuisane_, which is perh. from Old High Ger. _parta_ a battle-axe, seen in _halberd_.] @@ -10454,33 +10423,33 @@ parted nearly to the base; PAR'TITIVE, parting: dividing: distributive.--_n._ (_gram._) a word denoting a part or partition.--_adv._ PAR'TITIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _partitio_--_part[=i]ri_, divide.] -PARTLET, pärt'let, _n._ a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders by +PARTLET, pärt'let, _n._ a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders by women: a hen, from its habit of ruffling the feathers round its neck. [Prob. O. Fr. _Pertelote_, a woman's name.] -PARTNER, pärt'n[.e]r, _n._ a sharer: an associate: one engaged with another +PARTNER, pärt'n[.e]r, _n._ a sharer: an associate: one engaged with another in business: one who plays on the same side in a game: one who dances with another: a husband or wife.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to join as a partner.--_ns._ PART'NERSHIP, state of being a partner: a contract between persons engaged in any business; SLEEP'ING-PART'NER, one who has money invested in a business, but takes no part in its management. -PARTRIDGE, pär'trij, _n._ a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for +PARTRIDGE, pär'trij, _n._ a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for game.--_n._ PAR'TRIDGE-WOOD, a hard variegated wood, from Brazil and the West Indies, used in cabinet-work. [Fr. _perdrix_--L. _perdix_, _perdicis_--Gr. _perdix_.] -PART-SINGING, pärt'-sing-ing, _n._ act or practice of singing different +PART-SINGING, pärt'-sing-ing, _n._ act or practice of singing different parts in harmony.--_n._ PART'-SONG, a song sung in parts. -PARTURE, pärt'[=u]r, _n._ (_Spens._) departure. +PARTURE, pärt'[=u]r, _n._ (_Spens._) departure. -PARTURIENT, pär-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ bringing, or about to bring, forth +PARTURIENT, pär-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ bringing, or about to bring, forth young: fruitful.--_n._ PART[=U]RI'TION, act of bringing forth.--_adj._ PART[=U]'RITIVE. [L. _parturiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _partur[=i]re_--_par[)e]re_, to bring forth.] -PARTY, pär'ti, _n._ a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a +PARTY, pär'ti, _n._ a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a company met for a particular purpose, as a dinner party, a pleasure party, &c.: an assembly: one concerned in any affair: the person or persons on either side in a law-suit: (_colloq._) a single individual spoken of: @@ -10498,20 +10467,20 @@ wall between two adjoining properties, built half on one and half on the other: a wall separating one house from another. [O. Fr. _partir_--L. _part[=i]ri_, to divide--_pars_, a part.] -PARURE, pa-rür', _n._ a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.] +PARURE, pa-rür', _n._ a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.] PARVANIMITY, par-va-nim'i-ti, _n._ littleness of mind. -PARVENU, pär've-n[=u], _n._ an upstart: one newly risen into notice or +PARVENU, pär've-n[=u], _n._ an upstart: one newly risen into notice or power.--_adj._ like a parvenu. [Fr., pa.p. of _parvenir_--L. _perven[=i]re_, to arrive at--_per_, through, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] -PARVIS, PARVISE, pär'vis, _n._ a porch, or an enclosed space before a +PARVIS, PARVISE, pär'vis, _n._ a porch, or an enclosed space before a church: a room over a church porch used as a store, or schoolroom, or as an ecclesiastic's chamber. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _paravisus_, corr. of Gr. _paradeisos_; cf. _Paradise_.] -PAS, pä, _n._ a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas +PAS, pä, _n._ a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas seul'=a dance by one person, 'Pas deux'=a dance of two persons.--PAS D'ARMES, a joust, a tilt, or a tourney.--HAVE THE PAS OF ONE, to take precedence of him. [Fr.] @@ -10534,7 +10503,7 @@ PASH, pash, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to strike, to dash, to crush.--_n._ a blow. PASH, pash, _n._ (_Shak._) the head, the face. -PASHA, PACHA, pash'ä, _n._ a title given to Turkish officers who are +PASHA, PACHA, pash'ä, _n._ a title given to Turkish officers who are governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.--_ns._ PASH'ALIC, PACH'ALIC, the jurisdiction of a pasha. [Turk.,--Pers. _p[=a]sh[=a]_, _p[=a]dsh[=a]h_.] @@ -10610,8 +10579,8 @@ PASSAMEZZO. See PASSY-MEASURE. PASSANT, pas'ant, _adj._ (_her._) walking. [Fr.] -PASSÉ, pas-s[=a]', _adj._ past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life: -nearly out of date:--_fem._ PASSÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _passer_, to pass.] +PASSÉ, pas-s[=a]', _adj._ past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life: +nearly out of date:--_fem._ PASSÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _passer_, to pass.] PASSEMENTERIE, pas-men-te-r[=e]', _n._ trimming for dresses, as beaded lace. [Fr.] @@ -10701,7 +10670,7 @@ water forming dough for pies, &c.: a cement made of flour, water, &c.: a fine kind of glass for making artificial gems.--_v.t._ to fasten with paste.--_n._ PASTE'BOARD, a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted together, &c.--_adj._ made of such, unsubstantial. [O. Fr. _paste_ (Fr. -_pâte_)--Late L. _pasta_--Gr. _past[=e]_, a mess of food--_pastos_, +_pâte_)--Late L. _pasta_--Gr. _past[=e]_, a mess of food--_pastos_, salted--_passein_, to sprinkle.] PASTEL, pas'tel, _n._ chalk mixed with other materials and various colours @@ -10711,13 +10680,13 @@ loaf--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] PASTERN, pas't[.e]rn, _n._ the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. _pasturon_ (Fr. -_pâturon_)--O. Fr. _pasture_, pasture, a tether for a horse.] +_pâturon_)--O. Fr. _pasture_, pasture, a tether for a horse.] PASTEURISM, pas-t[.e]r'izm, _n._ the method of inoculation with the attenuated virus of certain diseases, esp. hydrophobia, as introduced by Louis _Pasteur_ (1822-95).--_adj._ PASTEUR'IAN.--_n._ PASTEURIS[=A]'TION, a method of arresting the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at -least 140° F.--_v.t._ PASTEUR'ISE. +least 140° F.--_v.t._ PASTEUR'ISE. PASTICHE, pas-t[=e]sh', _n._ a mixture of many parts of different kinds, used of _music_, _painting_, &c.: a work in literature or art in direct @@ -10756,7 +10725,7 @@ visiting his people. [L., _pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to Western Asia. -PASTORALE, pas-t[=o]-rä'le, _n._ a variety of opera or cantata +PASTORALE, pas-t[=o]-rä'le, _n._ a variety of opera or cantata characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one of the figures of a @@ -10772,7 +10741,7 @@ on pasture: to graze.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RABLE, that can be pastured: fit for pasture.--_ns._ PAST'[=U]RAGE, the business of feeding or grazing cattle: pasture-land: grass for feeding; PAST'[=U]RE-LAND, land appropriated to pasture.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RELESS, destitute of pasture. [O. Fr. _pasture_ -(Fr. _pâture_)--L. _pastura_--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] +(Fr. _pâture_)--L. _pastura_--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] PASTY, p[=a]s'ti, _adj._ like paste.--_n._ a small pie of meat and crust baked without a dish. @@ -10793,7 +10762,7 @@ parachute of a flying squirrel, &c.: the fold of integument between the upper arm and the forearm of a bird: one of the scales affixed to the pronotum of lepidopterous insects--the _tegula_. [L., 'a gold edging.'] -PATAMAR, pat'a-mär, _n._ a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, +PATAMAR, pat'a-mär, _n._ a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, and great stem and stern rake. PATAVINITY, pat-a-vin'i-ti, _n._ the style of Padua (L. _Patavium_), esp. @@ -10823,7 +10792,7 @@ PATE, p[=a]t, _n._ the crown of the head: the head.--_adj._ P[=A]T'ED, having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. _platte_, a plate; cf. Low L. _platta_, tonsure.] -PÂTÉ, pä-t[=a]', _n._ pie: pasty.--PÂTÉ DE FOIE GRAS, pasty of fat goose +PÂTÉ, pä-t[=a]', _n._ pie: pasty.--PÂTÉ DE FOIE GRAS, pasty of fat goose liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.] PATELLA, pa-tel'la, _n._ a little dish or vase: the knee-pan: a genus of @@ -10854,10 +10823,10 @@ the outside or inside only, sold to a publisher who fills the other side with his own material, as local news, &c. [Fr.,--L. _patens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _pat[=e]re_, to lie open.] -PATERA, pat'e-rä, _n._ a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial +PATERA, pat'e-rä, _n._ a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial libation among the Romans: (_archit._) the representation of such in bas-relief in friezes, &c.--often applied loosely to rosettes and other -flat ornaments:--_pl._ PAT'ERÆ (-r[=e]).--_adj._ PAT'ERIFORM. +flat ornaments:--_pl._ PAT'ERÆ (-r[=e]).--_adj._ PAT'ERIFORM. [L.,--_pat[=e]re_, to lie open.] PATERCOVE, pat'[.e]r-k[=o]v, _n._ Same as PATRICO. @@ -10867,7 +10836,7 @@ PEDERERO. PATERFAMILIAS, p[=a]-t[.e]r-fa-mil'i-as, _n._ the father or head of a family or household:--_pl._ P[=A]TRESFAMIL'IAS. [L. _pater_, a father, -_familias_, arch. form of _familiæ_, gen. of _familia_, a household.] +_familias_, arch. form of _familiæ_, gen. of _familia_, a household.] PATERNAL, pa-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ fatherly: showing the disposition of a father: derived from a father: hereditary.--_n._ PATER'NALISM.--_adv._ @@ -10884,10 +10853,10 @@ intervals: (_archit._) an ornament shaped like beads, used in astragals, &c. [L. _Pater noster_, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin.] -PATH, päth, _n._ a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of -action or conduct:--_pl._ PATHS (pä_th_z).--_n._ PATH'FINDER, one who +PATH, päth, _n._ a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of +action or conduct:--_pl._ PATHS (pä_th_z).--_n._ PATH'FINDER, one who explores the route, a pioneer.--_adj._ PATH'LESS, without a path: -untrodden. [A.S. _pæth_, _path_; Ger. _pfad_, Gr. _patos_, L. _pons_, +untrodden. [A.S. _pæth_, _path_; Ger. _pfad_, Gr. _patos_, L. _pons_, _pontis_, a bridge.] PATHAN, pa-than', _n._ an Afghan proper, one of Afghan race settled in @@ -10919,7 +10888,7 @@ touches the feelings or raises the tender emotions: the expression of deep feeling.--_n._ PATHOM'ETRY, the distinction of suffering into different kinds. [Gr., from _pathein_, 2 aorist of _paschein_, to suffer, feel.] -PATHWAY, päth'w[=a], _n._ a path or way: a footpath: course of action. +PATHWAY, päth'w[=a], _n._ a path or way: a footpath: course of action. PATIBULARY, p[=a]-tib'[=u]-la-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to a gibbet or gallows. [L. _patibulum_, a gibbet.] @@ -10948,7 +10917,7 @@ PATOIS, pat'waw, _n._ a vulgar or provincial dialect. [Fr., orig. _patrois_--L. _patriensis_, indigenous--_patria_, one's native country.] PATONCE, pa-tons', _n._ (_her._) a cross whose four arms expand in curves -from the centre, with floriated ends.--_adj._ PATONCÉE. [Fr.,--L. +from the centre, with floriated ends.--_adj._ PATONCÉE. [Fr.,--L. _pat[=e]re_, to expand.] PATRES CONSCRIPTI, p[=a]'tres kon-skrip't[=i], _n.pl._ conscript fathers: @@ -10958,10 +10927,10 @@ _conscripti_, pl. of _conscriptus_,--_conscrib[)e]re_, to enrol.] PATRIAL, p[=a]'tri-al, _adj._ designating a race or nation.--_n._ a noun derived from the name of a country. -PATRIA POTESTAS, p[=a]'tri-ä p[=o]-tes'tas, _n._ a father's control over +PATRIA POTESTAS, p[=a]'tri-ä p[=o]-tes'tas, _n._ a father's control over his family, in ancient Rome, which was almost unlimited. [L.] -PATRIARCH, p[=a]'tri-ärk, _n._ one who governs his family by paternal +PATRIARCH, p[=a]'tri-ärk, _n._ one who governs his family by paternal right: (_B._) one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to Abraham, Jacob, and his sons: in Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to an archbishop.--_adjs._ PATRIARCH'AL, PATRIARCH'IC, belonging or subject to @@ -10981,7 +10950,7 @@ patrician order. [L. _patricius_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.] PATRICIDE, pat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder or the murderer of one's own father.--_adj._ PAT'RIC[=I]DAL, relating to patricide or the murder of a -father. [L. _patricida_--_pater_, _patris_, father, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.] +father. [L. _patricida_--_pater_, _patris_, father, _cæd[)e]re_, to kill.] PATRICO, pat'ri-k[=o], _n._ (_slang_) a gipsy or beggars' hedge-priest.--Also PAT'ERCOVE. @@ -11043,7 +11012,7 @@ old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.--_n._ PATROON'SHIP. PATTE, pat, _n._ a narrow band keeping a belt or sash in its place. [Fr.] -PATTÉ, PATTÉE, pa-t[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) spreading toward the extremity. +PATTÉ, PATTÉE, pa-t[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) spreading toward the extremity. [O. Fr. _patte_, a paw.] PATTEN, pat'en, _n._ a wooden sole with an iron ring, worn under the shoe @@ -11078,7 +11047,7 @@ protector, pattern.] PATTLE, pat'l, _n._ a paddle. PATTY, pat'i, _n._ a little pie:--_pl._ PATT'IES.--_n._ PATT'Y-PAN, a pan -in which to bake these. [Fr. _pâté_.] +in which to bake these. [Fr. _pâté_.] PATULOUS, pat'[=u]-lus, _adj._ spreading. @@ -11100,7 +11069,7 @@ Paul. PAULO-POST-FUTURE, paw'l[=o]-p[=o]st-f[=u]'t[=u]r, _adj._ and _n._ the future perfect tense in grammar. -PAUNCH, pawnsh, or pänsh, _n._ the belly: the first and largest stomach of +PAUNCH, pawnsh, or pänsh, _n._ the belly: the first and largest stomach of a ruminant.--_v.t._ to eviscerate.--_adj._ PAUNCH'Y, big-bellied. [O. Fr. _panche_ (Fr. _panse_)--L. _pantex_, _panticis_.] @@ -11283,7 +11252,7 @@ red.--_ns._ PEACH'ERY, a hothouse in which peaches are grown; PEACH'-STONE, the hard nut enclosing the seed within the fruit of the peach; PEACH'-WA'TER, a flavouring extract used in cookery, prepared from the peach.--_adj._ PEACH'Y.--_n._ PEACH'-YELL'OWS, a disease that attacks -peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. _pesche_ (Fr. _pêche_, +peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. _pesche_ (Fr. _pêche_, It. _persica_, _pesca_)--L. _Persicum_ (_malum_), the Persian (apple).] PEACOCK, p[=e]'kok, _n._ a large gallinaceous bird of the pheasant kind, @@ -11332,7 +11301,7 @@ PEAN, p[=e]n, _n._ one of the heraldic furs, differing from ermine only in the tinctures, the ground being sable and the spots of gold. [O. Fr. _panne_, a fur. Cf. _Pane_.] -PEAN. See PÆAN. +PEAN. See PÆAN. PEA-NUT, or _Ground-nut_. See GROUND. @@ -11355,7 +11324,7 @@ PEARL[=A]'CEOUS, resembling pearls or mother-of-pearl: spotted with white.--_ns._ PEARL'-ASH, a purer carbonate of potash, obtained by calcining potashes, so called from its pearly-white colour; PEARL'-BAR'LEY, barley after the skin has been ground off (prob. for 'pilled barley,' Fr. -_orge perlé_); PEARL'-BUTT'ON, a button made of mother-of-pearl; +_orge perlé_); PEARL'-BUTT'ON, a button made of mother-of-pearl; PEARL'-DIV'ER, one who dives for pearls.--_adj._ PEARLED, set with pearls: like pearls: having a border trimmed with narrow lace.--_ns._ PEARL'-EDGE, a thread edging, a border on some ribbons formed by projecting loops of the @@ -11407,8 +11376,8 @@ PEAT'-MOSS; PEAT'-HAG, a ditch whence peat has been dug; PEAT'-REEK, the smoke of peat, supposed to add a delicate flavour to whisky; PEAT'-SPADE, a spade having a side wing at right angles for cutting peat in rectangular blocks.--_adj._ PEAT'Y, like peat: abounding in, or composed of, peat. -[True form _beat_--M. E. _beten_, to mend a fire--A.S. _bétan_, to make -better--_bót_, advantage.] +[True form _beat_--M. E. _beten_, to mend a fire--A.S. _bétan_, to make +better--_bót_, advantage.] PEBA, p[=e]'ba, _n._ a South American armadillo. @@ -11420,7 +11389,7 @@ pebbles.--_ns._ PEBB'LE-POW'DER, gunpowder consisting of large cubical grains, and burning slowly--also _Cube-powder_ and _Prismatic-powder_; PEBB'LE-WARE, a kind of fine pottery made of various coloured clays mixed together; PEBB'LING, a way of graining leather with a ribbed or roughened -appearance. [A.S. _papol_-(_-stán_), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. _papula_, +appearance. [A.S. _papol_-(_-stán_), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. _papula_, a pustule.] PEBRINE, peb'rin, _n._ a destructive disease of silkworms.--_adj._ @@ -11543,8 +11512,8 @@ PEDANT'ICALLY, in a pedantic manner.--_ns._ PEDANT'ICISM, PED'ANTISM.--_v.i._ PED'ANTISE, to play the pedant.--_ns._ PEDANTOC'RACY, government by pedants; PED'ANTRY, acts, manners, or character of a pedant: vain display of learning: (_Swift_) the overrating of any kind of knowledge -we pretend to. [Fr.,--It. _pedante_--L. _pædagogan_s, _-antis_, -teaching--_pædagogus_, a pedagogue.] +we pretend to. [Fr.,--It. _pedante_--L. _pædagogan_s, _-antis_, +teaching--_pædagogus_, a pedagogue.] PEDDLE, ped'l, _v.i._ to travel about with a basket or bundle of goods, esp. of smallwares, for sale: to trifle.--_v.t._ to retail in small @@ -11590,7 +11559,7 @@ part--also PED'ICLE.--_n._ PEDICELL[=A]'RIA, a minute structure on the skin of sea-urchins and star-fish, like a stalk with a three or two bladed snapping forceps at the summit.--_adjs._ PED'ICELLATE, PEDIC'[=U]LATE, provided with a pedicel.--_n._ PED'ICLE, a fetter for the foot. [Fr. -_pédicelle_--L. _pediculus_, dim. of _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.] +_pédicelle_--L. _pediculus_, dim. of _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.] PEDICULUS, p[=e]-dik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of lice, or an individual of it.--_adjs._ P[=E]DIC'ULAR, P[=E]DIC'ULOUS, lousy.--_ns._ @@ -11761,7 +11730,7 @@ inflections and terminations than Zend (235-640 A.D.): the characters used in writing this language.--_adj._ of or pertaining to, or written in, Pehlevi. [Pers.] -PEIGNOIR, p[=e]n-wär', _n._ a loose wrapper worn by women during their +PEIGNOIR, p[=e]n-wär', _n._ a loose wrapper worn by women during their toilet. [Fr.] PEINCT, p[=a]ngkt, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to paint. @@ -11796,7 +11765,7 @@ PELAGIC, p[=e]-laj'ik, _adj._ inhabiting the deep sea, marine, oceanic. [Gr. _pelagos_, the sea.] PELARGONIUM, pel-ar-g[=o]'ni-um, _n._ a vast genus of beautiful flowering -plants of order _Geraniaceæ_.--_adj._ P[=E]LAR'GIC, stork-like. [Gr. +plants of order _Geraniaceæ_.--_adj._ P[=E]LAR'GIC, stork-like. [Gr. _pelargos_, stork, the beaked capsules resembling a stork's beak.] PELASGIC, p[=e]-las'jik, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pelasgians_ or @@ -11804,10 +11773,10 @@ _Pelasgi_, a race spread over Greece in prehistoric times, to whom are ascribed many enormous remains built of unhewn stones, without cement--the so-called PELASGIC ARCHITECTURE. Also PELAS'GIAN. -PÊLE-MÊLE. See PELL-MELL, _adv._ +PÊLE-MÊLE. See PELL-MELL, _adv._ PELERINE, pel'[.e]r-in, _n._ a woman's tippet or cape with long ends coming -down in front. [Fr., a tippet--_pèlerin_, a pilgrim--L. _peregrinus_, +down in front. [Fr., a tippet--_pèlerin_, a pilgrim--L. _peregrinus_, foreign.] PELF, pelf, _n._ riches (in a bad sense): money. [O. Fr. _pelfre_, booty; @@ -11850,9 +11819,9 @@ sensation of extreme cold, then one of a burning heat. [L. _parietaria_, the wall-plant--_parietarius_--_paries_, _parietis_, a wall.] PELL-MELL, pel-mel', _adv._ in great confusion: promiscuously: in a -disorderly manner--also written _Pêle-mêle_.--_n._ PELL-MELL' (same as -PALL-MALL). [O. Fr. _pesle-mesle_ (Fr. _pêle-mêle_), _-mesle_ being from O. -Fr. _mesler_ (Fr. _mêler_), to mix--Low L. _miscul[=a]re_--L. _misc[=e]re_; +disorderly manner--also written _Pêle-mêle_.--_n._ PELL-MELL' (same as +PALL-MALL). [O. Fr. _pesle-mesle_ (Fr. _pêle-mêle_), _-mesle_ being from O. +Fr. _mesler_ (Fr. _mêler_), to mix--Low L. _miscul[=a]re_--L. _misc[=e]re_; and _pesle_, a rhyming addition, perh. influenced by Fr. _pelle_, shovel.] PELLUCID, pe-l[=u]'sid, _adj._ perfectly clear: letting light through: @@ -11950,7 +11919,7 @@ PENANG-LAWYER, pe-nang'-law'y[.e]r, _n._ a walking-stick made from the stem of a Penang palm. [Prob. a corr. of _Penang liyar_, the wild areca.] PENANNULAR, p[=e]-nan'[=u]-lar, _adj._ shaped almost like a ring. [L. -_pæna_, almost, _annularis_, annular.] +_pæna_, almost, _annularis_, annular.] PENATES, p[=e]-n[=a]'t[=e]s, _n.pl._ the household gods of ancient Rome who presided over and were worshipped by each family. [L., from root _pen-_ in @@ -11958,7 +11927,7 @@ L. _penitus_, within, _penetralia_, the inner part of anything.] PENCE, pens, _n._ plural of _penny_ (q.v.). -PENCHANT, päng'shäng, _n._ inclination: decided taste: bias. [Fr., pr.p. of +PENCHANT, päng'shäng, _n._ inclination: decided taste: bias. [Fr., pr.p. of _pencher_, to incline, through a form _pendic[=a]re_, from L. _pend[=e]re_, to hang.] @@ -12064,7 +12033,7 @@ being, or of inhabiting, a peninsula: narrow provincialism.--_v.t._ PENIN'SULATE, to form into a peninsula: to surround almost entirely with water.--PENINSULAR WAR, the war in Spain and Portugal, carried on by Great Britain against Napoleon's marshals (1804-1814).--THE PENINSULA, Spain and -Portugal. [L.,--_pæne_, almost, _insula_, an island.] +Portugal. [L.,--_pæne_, almost, _insula_, an island.] PENIS, p[=e]'nis, _n._ the characteristic external male organ.--_adj._ P[=E]'NIAL. [L., a tail.] @@ -12127,7 +12096,7 @@ pennon. [Cf. _Pennant._] PENNY, pen'i, _n._ a copper coin (bronze since 1860), originally silver=1/12 of a shilling, or four farthings: a small sum: money in -general: (_N.T._) a silver coin=7½d.: pound, in _fourpenny_, _sixpenny_, +general: (_N.T._) a silver coin=7½d.: pound, in _fourpenny_, _sixpenny_, _tenpenny nails_=four, six, ten _pound_ weight to the thousand:--_pl._ PENNIES (pen'iz), denoting the number of coins; PENCE (pens), the amount of pennies in value.--_adjs._ PENN'IED, possessed of a penny; PENN'ILESS, @@ -12156,11 +12125,11 @@ medicine, in the form of a warm infusion, to promote perspiration and as an emmenagogue. [Corr. from old form _pulial_, which is traced through O. Fr. to L. _puleium regium_, the plant pennyroyal--_pulex_, a flea.] -PENOLOGY, PÆNOLOGY, p[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the study of punishment in its +PENOLOGY, PÆNOLOGY, p[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the study of punishment in its relation to crime: the management of prisons.--_n._ PENOL'OGIST. [Gr. _poin[=e]_, punishment, _logia_, description.] -PENSÉE, pang-s[=a]', _n._ a thought. [Fr.] +PENSÉE, pang-s[=a]', _n._ a thought. [Fr.] PENSEROSO, pen-se-r[=o]'so, _adj._ melancholy: thoughtful:--_fem. Penser[=o]'sa._ [It.] @@ -12239,7 +12208,7 @@ _pente_, five, _gramma_, a letter.] PENTAGRAPH=_Pantograph_. -PENTAGYNIA, pent-a-jin'i-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants, +PENTAGYNIA, pent-a-jin'i-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five pistils.--_n._ PENT'AGYN (_bot._), a plant having five styles.--_adjs._ PENTAGYN'IAN, PENTAG'YNOUS. [Gr. _pente_, five, _gyn[=e]_, a female.] @@ -12268,7 +12237,7 @@ dactylic feet, the third and sixth with the first member only; IAMBIC PENTAMETER, in English, heroic couplets and blank verse. [Gr. _pentametros_--_pente_, five, _metron_, a measure.] -PENTANDRIA, pen-tan'dri-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants, +PENTANDRIA, pen-tan'dri-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five stamens.--_n._ PENTAN'DER, a plant of the class Pentandria.--_adjs._ PENTAN'DRIAN, PENTAN'DROUS. [Gr. _pente_, five, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man, a male.] @@ -12286,7 +12255,7 @@ PENTAPOLIS, pen-tap'o-lis, _n._ a group of five cities.--_adj._ PENTAPOL'ITAN, esp. of the ancient _Pentapolis_ of Cyrenaica in northern Africa. [Gr. _pente_, five, _polis_, a city.] -PENTARCHY, pen'tär-ki, _n._ government by five persons. [Gr. _pente_, five, +PENTARCHY, pen'tär-ki, _n._ government by five persons. [Gr. _pente_, five, _arch[=e]_, rule.] PENTASEPALOUS, pen-ta-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having five sepals. @@ -12333,7 +12302,7 @@ PENTETERIC, pen-te-ter'ik, _adj._ occurring every five years. [Gr., _pente_, five, _etos_, a year.] PENTHEMIMERAL, pen-th[=e]-mim'e-ral, _adj._ belonging to a metrical group -of 2½ feet. [Gr. _pente_, five, _h[=e]mi_, half, _meros_, a part.] +of 2½ feet. [Gr. _pente_, five, _h[=e]mi_, half, _meros_, a part.] PENTHOUSE, pent'hows, _n._ a shed projecting from or adjoining a main building: a protection from the weather over a door or a window: anything @@ -12350,7 +12319,7 @@ hybrid word, from Fr. _pente_, a slope--_pendre_, to hang, and Eng. _roof_.] PENTSTEMON, pent-st[=e]'mon, _n._ a genus of perennial herbs of the order -_Scrophularineæ_, common in California. [Gr. _pente_, five, _st[=e]m[=o]n_, +_Scrophularineæ_, common in California. [Gr. _pente_, five, _st[=e]m[=o]n_, warp, stamen.] PENTZIA, pent'si-a, _n._ a genus of South African shrubs, having yellow @@ -12360,12 +12329,12 @@ under Thunberg.] PENULT, p[=e]-nult', or p[=e]'nult, PENULT'IMA, _n._ the syllable last but one.--_adj._ PENULT'IM[=A]TE, last but one.--_n._ the penult: the last -member but one of any series. [L. _penultima_--_pæne_, almost, _ultimus_, +member but one of any series. [L. _penultima_--_pæne_, almost, _ultimus_, last.] PENUMBRA, p[=e]-num'bra, _n._ a partial or lighter shadow round the perfect or darker shadow of an eclipse: the part of a picture where the light and -shade blend into each other.--_adjs._ PENUM'BRAL, PENUM'BROUS. [L. _pæne_, +shade blend into each other.--_adjs._ PENUM'BRAL, PENUM'BROUS. [L. _pæne_, almost, _umbra_, shade.] PENURY, pen'[=u]-ri, _n._ want: absence of means or resources: great @@ -12379,8 +12348,8 @@ policeman.--_ns._ P[=E]'ONAGE, P[=E]'ONISM, this kind of agricultural servitude. [Sp.,--Low L. _pedo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] PEONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order -_Ranunculaceæ_, with large showy flowers, carmine, in some white. [O. Fr. -_pione_ (Fr. _pivoine_)--L. _pæonia_, healing--Gr. _Pai[=o]n_.] +_Ranunculaceæ_, with large showy flowers, carmine, in some white. [O. Fr. +_pione_ (Fr. _pivoine_)--L. _pæonia_, healing--Gr. _Pai[=o]n_.] PEOPLE, p[=e]'pl, _n._ persons generally: the men, women, and children of a country or a nation: the mass of persons as distinguished from the rulers, @@ -12427,9 +12396,9 @@ chillies: tripe shredded and stewed, with balls of dough and plenty of pepper; PEPP'ER-TREE, a shrub of the cashew family, native to South America, &c.--also PEPPER SHRUB and _Chili pepper_; PEPP'ERWORT, the dittander.--_adj._ PEPP'ERY, possessing the qualities of pepper: hot, -choleric.--ÆTHIOPIAN PEPPER, the produce of _Xylopia Æthiopica_; BENIN +choleric.--ÆTHIOPIAN PEPPER, the produce of _Xylopia Æthiopica_; BENIN PEPPER, of _Cubeba Clusii_; GUINEA PEPPER, or MALEGUETTA PEPPER, of -_Amomum_; JAMAICA PEPPER, or PIMENTO, of species of Eugenia (_Myrtaceæ_); +_Amomum_; JAMAICA PEPPER, or PIMENTO, of species of Eugenia (_Myrtaceæ_); LONG PEPPER, the fruit of _Piper Longum_; WHITE PEPPER, the seed freed from the skin and fleshy part of the fruit by soaking in water and rubbing the dried fruit. [A.S. _pipor_--L. _piper_--Gr. _peperi_--Sans. _pippala_.] @@ -12483,7 +12452,7 @@ measuring distances on roads: a light carriage for a child.--_adj._ PERAM'BUL[=A]TORY. [L. _perambul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _ambul[=a]re_, to walk.] -PERCALE, per-käl', _n._ a closely woven French cambric.--_n._ PER'CALINE, a +PERCALE, per-käl', _n._ a closely woven French cambric.--_n._ PER'CALINE, a glossy cotton cloth. [Fr.] PERCASE, per-k[=a]s', _adv._ (_Bacon_) perchance, perhaps. [L. _per_, @@ -12492,7 +12461,7 @@ through, by, _casus_, a chance.] PERCEABLE, p[.e]rs'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._)=_Pierceable_. PERCEANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ piercing, penetrating.--_v.t._ PERC'EN -(_Spens._), to pierce. [Fr. _perçant_, pr.p. of _percer_, to pierce.] +(_Spens._), to pierce. [Fr. _perçant_, pr.p. of _percer_, to pierce.] PERCEIVE, per-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to become aware of through the senses: to get knowledge of by the mind: to see: to understand: to discern.--_adj._ @@ -12522,7 +12491,7 @@ _perche_--L. _perca_--Gr. _perk[=e]_, a perch, prob. conn. with _perknos_, spotted.] PERCH, p[.e]rch, _n._ a rod on which birds roost: any high seat or -position: a measure=5½ yards: a square measure=30¼ square yards: a pole +position: a measure=5½ yards: a square measure=30¼ square yards: a pole joining the fore and hind gear of a spring carriage: a frame on which cloth is examined for flaws.--_v.i._ to sit or roost on a perch: to settle.--_v.t._ to place, as on a perch.--_ns._ PERCH'ER, a bird that @@ -12551,7 +12520,7 @@ perceiving.--_ns._ PERCIP'IENCE, PERCIP'IENCY. PERCLOSE, per-kl[=o]z', _n._ an enclosed place: (_archit._) a railing separating a tomb or chapel from the rest of the church: (_her._) the lower half of a garter with the buckle.--Also PAR'ACLOSE, PARCLOSE'. [O. Fr.,--L. -_præ_, in front, _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.] +_præ_, in front, _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.] PERCOCT, per-kokt', _adj._ well-cooked. [L. _percoctus_, _percoqu[)e]re_, to cook thoroughly.] @@ -12648,7 +12617,7 @@ PERENN[=A]'TION.--_adv._ PERENN'IALLY. [L. _perennis_--_per_, through, _annus_, a year.] PERENNIBRANCHIATE, pe-ren-i-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having perennial -branchiæ or gills.--Also PERENN'IBRANCH. +branchiæ or gills.--Also PERENN'IBRANCH. PERFECT, p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ done thoroughly or completely: completed: without blemish, fault, or error: having neither too much nor too little: @@ -12679,7 +12648,7 @@ _fac[)e]re_, to do.] PERFERVID, per-fer'vid, _adj._ very fervid: very hot or eager.--_n._ PERFER'VIDNESS.--PERFERVIDUM INGENIUM, a very ardent disposition. [L. -_perfervidus_, _præfervidus_--_præ_, before, _fervidus_, fervid.] +_perfervidus_, _præfervidus_--_præ_, before, _fervidus_, fervid.] PERFICIENT, p[.e]r-fish'ent, _adj._ effectual.--_n._ one who does a lasting work, esp. who endows a charity. @@ -12751,10 +12720,10 @@ India.--Also PARGAN'A. [Hind.] PERHAPS, per-haps', _adv._ it may be: possibly. PERI, p[=e]'ri, _n._ in Persian mythology, a female elf or fairy, -represented as descended from the fallen angels. [Fr. _péri_--Pers. +represented as descended from the fallen angels. [Fr. _péri_--Pers. _par[=i]_, a fairy.] -PERIAGUA, per-i-ä'gwä, _n._ a canoe hollowed out of a single trunk, a +PERIAGUA, per-i-ä'gwä, _n._ a canoe hollowed out of a single trunk, a dug-out: a vessel made by cutting a canoe in two lengthwise and inserting a large plank: a large keelless flat-bottomed boat for shoal-water navigation, decked at the ends only, propelled by rowing, or by sails on @@ -12779,12 +12748,12 @@ PERIBOLOS, pe-rib'o-los, _n._ a court enclosed by a wall, esp. one containing a temple or a church, the whole outer enclosure of sanctuary or refuge. [Gr. _peribolos_, encircling--_peri_, around, _ballein_, to throw.] -PERICARDIUM, per-i-kär'di-um, _n._ (_anat._) the bag or sac composed of two +PERICARDIUM, per-i-kär'di-um, _n._ (_anat._) the bag or sac composed of two layers which surrounds the heart.--_adjs._ PERICAR'DIAC, PERICAR'DIAL, PERICAR'DIAN.--_n._ PERICARD[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the pericardium. [Late L.,--Gr. _perikardion_--_peri_, around, _kardia_, heart.] -PERICARP, per'i-kärp, _n._ (_bot._) the covering, shell, or rind of fruits: +PERICARP, per'i-kärp, _n._ (_bot._) the covering, shell, or rind of fruits: a seed-vessel.--_adj._ PERICARP'IAL. [Gr. _perikarpion_--_peri_, around, _karpos_, fruit.] @@ -12877,7 +12846,7 @@ PERIHEPATIC, per-i-h[=e]-pat'ik, _adj._ surrounding the liver. PERIL, per'il, _n._ danger: a source of danger: exposure to danger.--_v.t._ to expose to danger:--_pr.p._ per'illing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ per'illed.--_adj._ PER'ILOUS, full of peril: dangerous.--_adv._ -PER'ILOUSLY.--_n._ PER'ILOUSNESS. [Fr. _péril_--L. _periculum_.] +PER'ILOUSLY.--_n._ PER'ILOUSNESS. [Fr. _péril_--L. _periculum_.] PERILYMPH, per'i-limf, _n._ the fluid which surrounds the membraneous labyrinth of the ear. @@ -12892,7 +12861,7 @@ measure.] PERIMORPH, per'i-morf, _n._ a mineral enclosing another.--_adjs._ PERIMOR'PHIC, PERIMOR'PHOUS. -PERINEUM, PERINÆUM, per-i-n[=e]'um, _n._ the lower part of the body between +PERINEUM, PERINÆUM, per-i-n[=e]'um, _n._ the lower part of the body between the genital organs and the rectum.--_adj._ PERIN[=E]'AL. [L.,--Gr.] PERIOD, p[=e]'ri-ud, _n._ the time in which anything is performed: @@ -12938,7 +12907,7 @@ Aristotle. [Gr. _peripat[=e]tikos_--_peri_, about, _patein_, to walk.] PERIPATUS, pe-rip'[=a]-tus, _n._ a genus of myriapods. -PERIPETIA, per-i-pe-t[=i]'a, _n._ the dénouement of a drama. +PERIPETIA, per-i-pe-t[=i]'a, _n._ the dénouement of a drama. PERIPHERY, pe-rif'[.e]r-i, _n._ (_geom._) the circumference of a circle or of any closed figure: the outside of anything generally.--_adjs._ @@ -13036,15 +13005,15 @@ PERITOMOUS, pe-rit'[=o]-mus, _adj._ (_min._) cleaving in more directions than one parallel to the axis, the faces being all similar. [Gr. _peri_, round, _temnein_, to cut.] -PERITONEUM, PERITONÆUM, per-i-t[=o]-n[=e]'um, _n._ a serous membrane which +PERITONEUM, PERITONÆUM, per-i-t[=o]-n[=e]'um, _n._ a serous membrane which encloses all the viscera lying in the abdominal and pelvic cavities.--_adjs._ PERITON[=E]'AL; PERITONIT'IC.--_n._ PERITON[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the peritoneum. [Gr. _peritoneion_--_peri_, around, _teinein_, to stretch.] -PERITYPHLITIS, per-i-tif-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the cæcum, -appendix, and connective tissue, or of the peritoneum covering cæcum and -appendix. [Gr. _peri_, round, _typhlos_, blind (the cæcum being the 'blind +PERITYPHLITIS, per-i-tif-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the cæcum, +appendix, and connective tissue, or of the peritoneum covering cæcum and +appendix. [Gr. _peri_, round, _typhlos_, blind (the cæcum being the 'blind gut').] PERIVASCULAR, per-i-vas'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ surrounding a vascular structure. @@ -13056,7 +13025,7 @@ an artificial head of hair.--_v.t._ to dress with a periwig.--_adj._ PER'IWIG-P[=A]'TED, wearing a periwig. [Old Dut. _peruyk_--Fr. _perruque_.] PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a creeping evergreen plant, growing in -woods. [M. E. _peruenke_, through A.S. _peruincæ_, from L. _pervinca_, +woods. [M. E. _peruenke_, through A.S. _peruincæ_, from L. _pervinca_, _vinc[=i]re_, to bind.] PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a small univalve mollusc: a small @@ -13201,7 +13170,7 @@ where there was neither rector nor vicar, the tithes being in the hands of a layman--abolished in 1868, every incumbent not a rector now being a vicar; PERPETUAL MOTION, motion of a machine arising from forces within itself, constantly kept up without any force from without; PERPETUAL SCREW, -an endless screw. [Fr. _perpétuel_--L. _perpetuus_, continuous.] +an endless screw. [Fr. _perpétuel_--L. _perpetuus_, continuous.] PERPETUATE, per-pet'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make perpetual: to cause to last for ever or for a very long time: to preserve from extinction or @@ -13225,7 +13194,7 @@ PERQUISITE, p[.e]r'kwi-zit, _n._ an allowance granted over and above the settled wages: a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service.--_ns._ PERQUISI'TION, a strict search: diligent inquiry; PERQUIS'ITOR, the first purchaser of an estate. [L. _perquisitum_, from -_perquir[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _quær[)e]re_, to ask.] +_perquir[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _quær[)e]re_, to ask.] PERRADIAL, p[.e]r-r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ fundamentally radial.--_n._ PERR[=A]'DIUS. @@ -13238,7 +13207,7 @@ entrance-door of a building. PERRUQUE, PERRUQUIER. See PERUKE. PERRY, per'i, _n._ an agreeable beverage made by fermenting the juice of -pears. [Fr. _poiré_, from _poire_, a pear--L. _pirum_.] +pears. [Fr. _poiré_, from _poire_, a pear--L. _pirum_.] PERSANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as PERCEANT. @@ -13284,7 +13253,7 @@ PERSIENNE, per-si-en', _n._ an Eastern cambric or muslin with coloured printed pattern: (_pl._) Persian blinds, outside shutters of thin movable slats in a frame. -PERSIFLAGE, p[.e]r'si-fläzh, _n._ a frivolous way of talking or treating +PERSIFLAGE, p[.e]r'si-fläzh, _n._ a frivolous way of talking or treating any subject: banter.--_adj._ PER'SIFLANT, bantering.--_v.i._ PER'SIFL[=A]TE (_Thackeray_).--_n._ PER'SIFLOUR (_Carlyle_). [Fr.,--_persifler_, to banter--L. _per_, through, Fr. _siffler_--L. _sibil[=a]re_, to whistle, to @@ -13346,7 +13315,7 @@ the agency of another.--IN PERSON, by one's self, not by a representative. _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _son[=a]re_, to sound.] PERSONA, p[.e]r-s[=o]'na, _n._ a person.--PERSONA GRATA, a person who is -acceptable to those to whom he is sent.--DRAMATIS PERSONÆ, the characters +acceptable to those to whom he is sent.--DRAMATIS PERSONÆ, the characters in a play or story. [L.] PERSONIFY, per-son'i-f[=i], _v.t._ (_rhet._) to treat, look on, or describe @@ -13492,11 +13461,11 @@ through, _via_, a way.] PESADE, pe-z[=a]d', _n._ the act or position of a saddle-horse in rearing. [Fr.] -PESETA, pe-s[=a]'ta, _n._ a silver coin of Spain worth 9½d. [Sp., dim. of +PESETA, pe-s[=a]'ta, _n._ a silver coin of Spain worth 9½d. [Sp., dim. of _pesa_, weight.] PESHITO, pe-sh[=e]'to, _n._ a translation of the Bible into Syriac, made in -the second century.--Also PESHIT'TO. [Syriac, _p[)e]shittá_, the simple.] +the second century.--Also PESHIT'TO. [Syriac, _p[)e]shittá_, the simple.] PESHWA, pesh'wa, _n._ a chief or prince of the Mahrattas.--Also PEISH'WAH. @@ -13531,7 +13500,7 @@ object-teaching as originated by Johann Heinrich _Pestalozzi_ (1745-1827). PESTER, pes't[.e]r, _v.t._ to disturb, to annoy.--_n._ a bother.--_n._ PES'TERER, one who pesters.--_adv._ PES'TERINGLY.--_n._ PES'TERMENT, -annoyance. [Short for _impester_, O. Fr. _empestrer_ (Fr. _empêtrer_), to +annoyance. [Short for _impester_, O. Fr. _empestrer_ (Fr. _empêtrer_), to entangle, from _in_, in, Low L. _pastorium_, a foot-shackle--L. _pastus_, pa.p. of _pasc[)e]re_, to feed.] @@ -13557,10 +13526,10 @@ a method of ostracism practised in ancient Syracuse, the name being written on an olive-leaf.--_adj._ PET'ALOID, having the form of a petal--also PETALOI'DEOUS. [Gr. _petalon_, a leaf.] -PETARD, p[=e]-tärd', _n._ a kind of mortar filled with gunpowder, fixed to +PETARD, p[=e]-tärd', _n._ a kind of mortar filled with gunpowder, fixed to gates, barriers, &c., to break them down by explosion--(_Shak._) PETAR': a paper bomb in pyrotechny.--_ns._ PETARDEER', PETARDIER'.--HOIST WITH ONE'S -OWN PETARD (see HOIST). [O. Fr.--_péter_, to crack or explode--L. +OWN PETARD (see HOIST). [O. Fr.--_péter_, to crack or explode--L. _ped[)e]re_, cog. with Gr. _perdein_, Eng. _fart_.] PETARY, p[=e]'tar-i, _n._ a peat-bog. @@ -13573,7 +13542,7 @@ PETAURIST, pe-taw'rist, _n._ a flying opossum, Australian squirrel, PETCHARY, pech'a-ri, _n._ the gray king-bird. -PETECHIÆ, p[=e]-tek'i-[=e], _n.pl._ purple spots on the skin.--_adj._ +PETECHIÆ, p[=e]-tek'i-[=e], _n.pl._ purple spots on the skin.--_adj._ PETECH'IAL. [L. _petigo_, a scab.] PETER, p[=e]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ in mining, to become exhausted (with _out_): @@ -13597,7 +13566,7 @@ petiole.--_n._ PET'IOLULE, a little or partial petiole. [Fr.,--L. _petiolus_, a little foot--_pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] PETIT, pet'i, _adj._ small:--_fem._ PETITE (pe-t[=e]t').--_n._ -PET'IT-MAÎ'TRE, a dandy, a coxcomb generally. [Fr.] +PET'IT-MAÃŽ'TRE, a dandy, a coxcomb generally. [Fr.] PETITION, p[=e]-tish'un, _n._ a request generally from an inferior to a superior: a written request presented to a court of law, or to a body of @@ -13614,7 +13583,7 @@ PETRARY, pe-tr[=a]'ri, _n._ an engine for hurling stones. PETRE. Same as SALTPETRE. -PETREAN, p[=e]-tr[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to rock. [L. _petræus_--Gr. +PETREAN, p[=e]-tr[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to rock. [L. _petræus_--Gr. _petraios_--_petra_, a rock.] PETREL, pet'rel, _n._ a long-winged dusky sea-bird, rarely landing except @@ -13641,7 +13610,7 @@ like stone: hard: rocky. [L. _petra_--Gr. _petra_, rock, L. _fac[)e]re_, _factum_, to make.] PETRINE, p[=e]'trin, _adj._ pertaining to, or written by, the Apostle -_Peter_.--_n._ P[=E]'TRINISM, the Tübingen theory of F. C. Baur (1792-1860) +_Peter_.--_n._ P[=E]'TRINISM, the Tübingen theory of F. C. Baur (1792-1860) and his school, of a doctrinal trend in primitive Christianity towards Judaism, ascribed to Peter and his party in opposition to _Paulinism_. [L. _Petrinus_--_Petrus_, Peter.] @@ -13727,17 +13696,17 @@ eye.--_n._ PHACOCYST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the capsule of the crystalline lens of the eye.--_adj._ PH[=A]'COID, lentil-shaped.--_n._ PH[=A]'COSCOPE. [Gr. _phakos_, a lentil.] -PHÆNOGAMOUS, PHENOGAMOUS, f[=e]-nog'a-mus, _adj._ having manifest flowers, -phanerogamous.--_ns._ PHÆ'NOGAM, a phanerogamous plant; -PHÆNOG[=A]'MIA=_Phanerogamia_.--_adj._ PHÆNOGAM'IC. [Gr. _phainein_, to +PHÆNOGAMOUS, PHENOGAMOUS, f[=e]-nog'a-mus, _adj._ having manifest flowers, +phanerogamous.--_ns._ PHÆ'NOGAM, a phanerogamous plant; +PHÆNOG[=A]'MIA=_Phanerogamia_.--_adj._ PHÆNOGAM'IC. [Gr. _phainein_, to show, _gamos_, marriage.] PHAETON, f[=a]'e-ton, _n._ a kind of open pleasure-carriage on four wheels, -drawn by one or two horses, from _Phaëthon_, son of Helios, the sun, whose -chariot he attempted to drive: a tropic bird.--_adj._ PHAËTON'IC. +drawn by one or two horses, from _Phaëthon_, son of Helios, the sun, whose +chariot he attempted to drive: a tropic bird.--_adj._ PHAËTON'IC. -PHAGEDENA, PHAGEDÆNA, faj-e-d[=e]'na, _n._ a sloughing ulcer, hospital -gangrene.--_adjs._ PHAGED[=E]'NIC, PHAGEDÆ'NIC. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat.] +PHAGEDENA, PHAGEDÆNA, faj-e-d[=e]'na, _n._ a sloughing ulcer, hospital +gangrene.--_adjs._ PHAGED[=E]'NIC, PHAGEDÆ'NIC. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat.] PHAGOCYTE, fag'o-s[=i]t, _n._ a white or colourless blood-corpuscle--also called _leucocyte_--an active amoeboid cell, which engulfs both nutritive @@ -13745,13 +13714,13 @@ and harmful particles.--_adjs._ PHAGOCYT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ PHAG'OCYTISM, the nature or function of a phagocyte; PHAGOCYT[=O]'SIS, the destruction of microbes by phagocytes. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat, _kytos_, a vessel.] -PHALÆNA, f[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ the Linnæan genus including moths.--_adj._ +PHALÆNA, f[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ the Linnæan genus including moths.--_adj._ PHAL[=E]'NOID. [Gr. _phalaina_, a moth.] PHALANGE, f[=a]-lanj', _n._ a phalanx of a digit: any of the joints of an insect's tarsus: a bundle of stamens joined by their filaments: a socialistic community in Fourier's dream of an ideal arrangement of -society, consisting of 1800 persons living in a _phalanstère_--generally in +society, consisting of 1800 persons living in a _phalanstère_--generally in _pl._, the usual _sing_. being PH[=A]'LANX (q.v.).--_adjs._ PHALAN'GAL, PHALAN'G[=E]AL, PHALAN'GIAL, PHALAN'GIAN; PHALAN'GIFORM; PHALANST[=E]'RIAN.--_ns._ PHALANST[=E]'RIANISM, PHALAN'STERISM; @@ -13802,7 +13771,7 @@ phantasmagoria; PHANTASMAGOR'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phantasma_, an appearance, _agora_, an assembly--_ageirein_, to gather.] PHANTASTIC, PHANTASY. See FANTASTIC, FANTASY.--_n._ PHANT[=A]'SIAST, one of -those Docetæ who believed Christ's body to have been a mere phantom. +those Docetæ who believed Christ's body to have been a mere phantom. PHANTOM, fan'tom, _n._ a phantasm.--_adj._ illusive, spectral.--_adj._ PHANTOMAT'IC, relating to a phantom. [O. Fr. _fantosme_--Gr. _phantasma_.] @@ -13810,7 +13779,7 @@ PHANTOMAT'IC, relating to a phantom. [O. Fr. _fantosme_--Gr. _phantasma_.] PHARAOH, f[=a]'r[=o], _n._ a title of the kings of ancient Egypt.--_adj._ PHARAON'IC. [Heb.,--Egyptian.] -PHARE, fär, _n._ a lighthouse.--Also PH[=A]'ROS. [_Pharos_.] +PHARE, fär, _n._ a lighthouse.--Also PH[=A]'ROS. [_Pharos_.] PHARISEE, far'i-s[=e], _n._ one of a religious school among the Jews, marked by their strict observance of the law and of religious ordinances: @@ -13819,19 +13788,19 @@ formalist.--_adjs._ PHARIS[=A]'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or like, the Pharisees: hypocritical.--_adv._ PHARIS[=A]'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHARIS[=A]'ICALNESS; PHAR'IS[=A]ISM, PHAR'ISEEISM, the practice and opinions of the Pharisees: strict observance of outward forms in religion -without the spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. _pharisæus_--Gr. +without the spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. _pharisæus_--Gr. _pharisaios_--Heb. _p[=a]r[=u]sh_, separated from, _parash_, to separate.] -PHARMACEUTIC, -AL, fär-ma-s[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the +PHARMACEUTIC, -AL, fär-ma-s[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the knowledge or art of preparing medicines.--_adv._ PHARMACE[=U]'TICALLY.--_ns._ PHARMACE[=U]'TICS, the science of preparing medicines; PHARMACE[=U]'TIST, one who practises pharmacy. -PHARMACOPOEIA, fär-ma-k[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a book containing directions for +PHARMACOPOEIA, fär-ma-k[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a book containing directions for the preparation of medicines: a collection of drugs.--_adj._ PHARMACOPOE'IAL. [Gr. _pharmakon_, a drug, _poiein_, to make.] -PHARMACY, fär'ma-si, _n._ a department of the medical art which consists in +PHARMACY, fär'ma-si, _n._ a department of the medical art which consists in the collecting, preparing, preserving, and dispensing of medicines: the art of preparing and mixing medicines: a drug-store.--_ns._ PHAR'MACIST, a druggist, one skilled in pharmacy; PHARMACOGNOS'TICS, the sum of knowledge @@ -13864,7 +13833,7 @@ at a given time of the illuminated surface exhibited by a planet--also PH[=A]'SIS:--_pl._ PHAS'ES.--_adj._ PHASE'LESS, unchanging. [Gr. _phasis_--_phaein_, to shine.] -PHASMA, fas'mä, _n._ a genus of gressorial orthopterous +PHASMA, fas'mä, _n._ a genus of gressorial orthopterous insects--walking-stick insects, spectre-insects (_Phasma_), and leaf-insects. @@ -13893,13 +13862,13 @@ _phenakistikos_--_phenakizein_--_phenax_, a cheat.] PHENIX=_Phoenix_. -PHENOGAM=_Phænogam_. +PHENOGAM=_Phænogam_. -PHENOGAMIA=_Phænogamia_. +PHENOGAMIA=_Phænogamia_. PHENOL, f[=e]'nol. _n._ phenyl alcohol or carbolic acid. [_Fr._] -PHENOLOGY, PHÆNOLOGY, f[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the branch of biology +PHENOLOGY, PHÆNOLOGY, f[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the branch of biology treating of animal or plant life and development as affected by climate.--_adjs._ PHENOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHENOL'OGIST. [_Phenomenology_.] @@ -13921,7 +13890,7 @@ PHENOMENOL'OGY, a description of phenomena. [Gr. _phainomenon_--_phainein_, to show.] PHENYL, f[=e]'nil, _n._ an organic radical found esp. in carbolic acid, -benzole, and aniline.--_adjs._ PH[=E]'NIC, PHENYL'IC. [Fr. _phényle_.] +benzole, and aniline.--_adjs._ PH[=E]'NIC, PHENYL'IC. [Fr. _phényle_.] PHEON, f[=e]'on, _n._ (_her._) the barbed iron head of a dart: the broad arrow marking property of the Crown. @@ -14072,7 +14041,7 @@ PHLEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ a small genus of annual or perennial grasses--_timothy_, _cat's-tail grass_, _herd's grass_. [Gr. _phle[=o]s_.] PHLOEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ the cellular portion of bark next the -epidermis--also _Epiphloeum_ and Bast.--_n._ PHL[=O]'ËM, the bast or liber +epidermis--also _Epiphloeum_ and Bast.--_n._ PHL[=O]'ËM, the bast or liber portion of a vascular bundle. [Gr. _phloios_, bark.] PHLOGISTON, fl[=o]-jis'ton, _n._ an imaginary element, believed in till @@ -14085,19 +14054,19 @@ PHLOGIS'TIC (_chem._), containing or resembling phlogiston: inflaming: PHLOX, floks, _n._ a well-known garden plant, so called from its colour. [Gr.,--_phlegein_, to burn.] -PHLYCTÆNA, PHLYCTENA, flik-t[=e]'na, _n._ a small vesicle.--_adjs._ +PHLYCTÆNA, PHLYCTENA, flik-t[=e]'na, _n._ a small vesicle.--_adjs._ PHLYCT[=E]'NAR; PHLYCT[=E]'NOID; PHLYCT[=E]'NOUS. PHOBANTHROPY, f[=o]-ban'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ a morbid dread of mankind. PHOCINE, f[=o]'sin, _adj._ pertaining to the seal family.--_n._ PH[=O]'CA, a seal.--_adj._ PHOC[=A]'CEAN, relating to the genus _Phoca_.--_n._ a seal -of this genus.--_n._ PHOCÆ'NA, a genus of delphinoid odontocete -cetaceans--the true porpoises.--_adjs._ PH[=O]'CAL; PHOCÆ'NINE, like a +of this genus.--_n._ PHOCÆ'NA, a genus of delphinoid odontocete +cetaceans--the true porpoises.--_adjs._ PH[=O]'CAL; PHOCÆ'NINE, like a porpoise. [L. _phoca_--Gr. _ph[=o]k[=e]_, a seal.] PHOEBUS, f[=e]'bus, _n._ the sun-god: the sun:--_fem._ PHOEBE -(f[=e]'b[=e]), the moon. [L.,--Gr. _phoibos_, bright, _phæin_, to shine.] +(f[=e]'b[=e]), the moon. [L.,--Gr. _phoibos_, bright, _phæin_, to shine.] PHOENICIAN, PHENICIAN, f[=e]-nish'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Phoenicia_, on the coast of Syria, to its people, language, or arts.--_n._ an inhabitant @@ -14346,7 +14315,7 @@ lungs.--_adjs._ PHTHIS'IC, -AL (tiz'ik, -al), pertaining to or having phthisis.--_n._ PHTHISIOLOGY (tiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji), the sum of scientific knowledge about phthisis. [L.,--Gr. _phthiein_, to waste away.] -PHYCOLOGY, f[=i]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of algæ or +PHYCOLOGY, f[=i]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of algæ or sea-weeds.--_n._ PHYCOG'RAPHY, systematic description of algae.--_adj._ PHYCOLOG'IC.--_n._ PHYCOL'OGIST. @@ -14369,7 +14338,7 @@ PHYLLITE, fil'[=i]t, _n._ clay-slate or argillaceous schist.--_adj._ PHYLLIT'IC. [Gr.,--_phyllon_, a leaf.] PHYLLIUM, fil'i-um, _n._ a genus of orthopterous insects of family -_Phasmidæ_--leaf-insects or walking-leaves. +_Phasmidæ_--leaf-insects or walking-leaves. PHYLLODIUM, fi-l[=o]'di-um, _n._ a petiole which usurps the function of a leaf-blade.--_adj._ PHYLLODIN'EOUS. @@ -14452,7 +14421,7 @@ PHYS'ICO-THEOL'OGY, theology illustrated by natural philosophy. [L. _physica_--Gr. _physik[=e]_ (_the[=o]ria_, theory)--_physis_, nature.] PHYSIOCRACY, fiz-i-ok'r[=a]-si, _n._ the economic doctrine of the -physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society +physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society should be governed by a natural order inherent in itself, land and its products the only true source of wealth, direct taxation of land the only proper source of revenue.--_n._ PHYS'IOCRAT, one who maintains these @@ -14590,14 +14559,14 @@ trot, but more slowly.--Also _Spanish-walk_. [Fr. _piaffer_.] PIA MATER, p[=i]'a m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ the vascular membrane investing the brain: (_Shak._) the brain. [L.] -PIANOFORTE, pi-ä'no-f[=o]r't[=a], generally shortened to PIANO +PIANOFORTE, pi-ä'no-f[=o]r't[=a], generally shortened to PIANO (pi-an'[=o]), _n._ a musical instrument furnished with wires struck by little hammers which are moved by keys, so as to produce both soft and strong sounds.--_ns._ PIANETTE', a small piano; PIANINO (p[=e]-a-n[=e]'n[=o]), an upright pianoforte; PIAN'ISM, the technique of the pianoforte: arrangement of music for the pianoforte.--_adv._ PIANIS'SIMO, very softly.--_n._ PIAN'IST, one who plays on the pianoforte, -or one well skilled in it.--_adv._ PIÄN'O (_mus._), softly.--_ns._ +or one well skilled in it.--_adv._ PIÄN'O (_mus._), softly.--_ns._ PIAN'O-SCHOOL, a school where piano music is taught; PIAN'O-STOOL, a stool on which the player sits at the piano.--BOUDOIR, or CABINET, PIANO, an upright piano. [It., _piano_, soft--L. _planus_, plane, _forte_, strong--L. @@ -14637,18 +14606,18 @@ PICA, p[=i]'ka, _n._ a magpie. [_Pie._] PICADOR, pik-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a horseman armed with a lance, who commences a bull-fight by pricking the bull with his weapon. [Sp. _pica_, a pike.] -PICAMAR, pik'a-mär, _n._ the bitter principle of tar. [L. _pix_, pitch, +PICAMAR, pik'a-mär, _n._ the bitter principle of tar. [L. _pix_, pitch, _amarus_, bitter.] -PICARD, pik'ärd, _n._ a high shoe for men, introduced from France about +PICARD, pik'ärd, _n._ a high shoe for men, introduced from France about 1720. PICAROON, pik-a-r[=oo]n', _n._ one who lives by his wits: a cheat: a pirate.--_adj._ PICARESQUE'.--PICARESQUE NOVELS, the tales of Spanish rogue and vagabond life, much in vogue in the 17th century. [Sp. -_picaron_--_pícaro_, a rogue.] +_picaron_--_pÃcaro_, a rogue.] -PICAYUNE, pik-a-y[=oo]n', _n._ a small coin worth 6¼ cents, current in +PICAYUNE, pik-a-y[=oo]n', _n._ a small coin worth 6¼ cents, current in United States before 1857, and known in different states by different names (_fourpence_, _fippence_, _fip_, _sixpence_, &c.).--_adj._ petty. [Carib.] @@ -14660,14 +14629,14 @@ PICCALILLI, pik'a-lil-i, _n._ a pickle of various vegetable substances with mustard and spices. PICCANINNY, PICKANINNY, pik'a-nin-i, _n._ a little child: an African or -negro child. [Perh. from Sp. _pequeño niño_='little child.'] +negro child. [Perh. from Sp. _pequeño niño_='little child.'] PICCOLO, pik'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a flute of small size, having the same compass as an ordinary flute, while the notes all sound an octave higher than their notation.--Also _Flauto piccolo_, _Octave flute_, _Ottavino_. [It.] -PICE, p[=i]s, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a money of account and a copper coin, ¼ +PICE, p[=i]s, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a money of account and a copper coin, ¼ anna. [Marathi _paisa_.] PICEA, p[=i]'s[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of coniferous trees, including the @@ -14737,7 +14706,7 @@ troublesome child.--_v.t._ to season or preserve with salt, vinegar, &c.--_ns._ PICK'LE-HERR'ING, a pickled herring: (_obs._) a merry-andrew; PICK'LE-WORM, the larva of a pyralid moth.--HAVE A ROD IN PICKLE, to have a punishment ready. [M. E. _pikil_, prob. _pick-le_; Dut. _pekel_; Ger. -_pökel_.] +_pökel_.] PICKLE, pik'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a small quantity.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to eat sparingly: to pilfer. @@ -14754,14 +14723,14 @@ picnic:--_pr.p._ pic'nicking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pic'nicked.--_n._ PIC'NICKER. [Prob. _pick_, to nibble, and _nick_, for _knack_, a trifle.] PICOT, p[=e]-k[=o]', _n._ a loop in an ornamental edging, the front of a -flounce, &c.--_adj._ PICOTTÉ. [Fr.] +flounce, &c.--_adj._ PICOTTÉ. [Fr.] PICOTEE, pik-[=o]-t[=e]', _n._ a florist's variety of carnation. [From the French botanist _Picot_, Baron de la Peyrouse, 1744-1818.] PICQUET. Same as PIQUET. -PICQUÉ-WORK, p[=e]-k[=a]'-wurk, _n._ decoration by dots or slight +PICQUÉ-WORK, p[=e]-k[=a]'-wurk, _n._ decoration by dots or slight depressions.--Also POUNCED-WORK. PICRA, pik'ra, _n._ a cathartic powder of aloes and canella. [Gr. _pikros_, @@ -14774,7 +14743,7 @@ olivine-rocks; PICROTOX'INE, a bitter poisonous principle in the seeds of _Cocculus indicus_.--PICRIC ACID, an acid used as a dye for wool, &c. [Gr. _pikros_, bitter.] -PICT, pikt, _n._ one of an ancient race for 5½ centuries (296-844 A.D.) +PICT, pikt, _n._ one of an ancient race for 5½ centuries (296-844 A.D.) inhabiting eastern Scotland, from the Forth to the Pentland Firth, most probably Celts, but more nearly allied to the Cymry than to the Gael.--_adj._ PIC'TISH.--PICTISH TOWERS, a name sometimes given to brochs @@ -14806,7 +14775,7 @@ _pittoresco_--_pittura_, a picture--L. _pictura_.] PICUL, PECUL, pik'ul, _n._ a Chinese weight of about 133-1/3 lb. -PICUS, p[=i]'kus, _n._ a Linnæan genus of woodpeckers. +PICUS, p[=i]'kus, _n._ a Linnæan genus of woodpeckers. PIDDLE, pid'l, _v.i._ to deal in trifles: to trifle: to eat with little relish: to make water.--_n._ PIDD'LER, a trifler.--_adj._ PIDD'LING, @@ -14852,7 +14821,7 @@ separate.--_ns._ PIEC'ENER, a piecer; PIEC'ENING, or PIEC'ING, the act of mending, esp. the joining of the ends of yarn, thread, &c. so as to repair breaks; PIEC'ER, a boy or girl employed in a spinning-factory to join broken threads; PIECE'WORK, work done by the piece or quantity rather than -by time.--PIÈCE DE RÉSISTANCE, principal piece: chief event or performance: +by time.--PIÈCE DE RÉSISTANCE, principal piece: chief event or performance: chief dish at a dinner; PIECE OF EIGHT, the Spanish _peso duro_ ('hard dollar'), bearing the numeral 8, of the value of 8 reals (prob. the sign $ is derived from this); PIECE OUT, to put together bit by bit; PIECE UP, to @@ -14899,7 +14868,7 @@ PIERROT, pye-r[=o]', _n._ a buffoon with loose long-sleeved white robe: an PIET, p[=i]'et, _n._ a pie or magpie. [_Pie._] -PIETÀ, p[=e]-[=a]-ta', _n._ a representation of the Virgin embracing the +PIETÀ, p[=e]-[=a]-ta', _n._ a representation of the Virgin embracing the dead body of Jesus. PIETRA-DURA, py[=a]'tra-d[=oo]'ra, _n._ Florentine mosaic-work, in which @@ -14911,7 +14880,7 @@ or country: sense of duty: dutiful conduct.--_ns._ P[=I]'ETISM, the doctrine and practice of the pietists; P[=I]'ETIST, one marked by strong devotional feeling: a name first applied to a sect of German religious reformers of deep devotional feeling (end of 17th century).--_adjs._ -PIETIST'IC, -AL. [Fr. _piété_--L. _pietas_.] +PIETIST'IC, -AL. [Fr. _piété_--L. _pietas_.] PIEZOMETER, p[=i]-e-zom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids. [Gr. _piezein_, to press, _metron_, a measure.] @@ -14974,14 +14943,14 @@ snout).--_adj._ PIKED, ending in a point.--_ns._ PIKE'-HEAD, the head of a pike or spear; PIKE'-KEEP'ER, the keeper of a turnpike; PIKE'LET, a tea-cake; PIKE'MAN, a man armed with a pike: a man in charge of a turnpike gate; PIKE'-PERCH, a common percoid fish; PIKE'STAFF, the staff or shaft of -a pike: a staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. _píc_, _piic_, a pike; Dut. -_piek_, Ger. _pike_, _pieke_; or Celt., as Gael. _pìc_, a pike, W. _pig_, a +a pike: a staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. _pÃc_, _piic_, a pike; Dut. +_piek_, Ger. _pike_, _pieke_; or Celt., as Gael. _pìc_, a pike, W. _pig_, a point.] PIKE, p[=i]k, _v.i._ to go quickly.--_n._ a turnpike.--_n._ P[=I]'KER, a tramp. -PILA, p[=i]'la, _n._ in archæology and art, a mortar. [L.] +PILA, p[=i]'la, _n._ in archæology and art, a mortar. [L.] PILAR, p[=i]'lar, _adj._ hairy.--Also PIL'ARY. @@ -14997,7 +14966,7 @@ PILCH, pilch, _n._ (_Shak._) a cloak or gown lined with furs: a flannel cloth or wrap for a child.--_n._ PILCH'ER, one who wears a pilch: a scabbard. [A.S. _pylce_--Low L. _pellicea_--L. _pellis_, skin.] -PILCHARD, pil'chärd, _n._ a sea-fish like the herring, but thicker and +PILCHARD, pil'chärd, _n._ a sea-fish like the herring, but thicker and rounder, caught chiefly on the Cornish coast. [Prob. Celt., Ir. _pilseir_.] PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ a roundish mass: a heap of separate objects: @@ -15016,14 +14985,14 @@ foundations: a pyramidal figure in a heraldic bearing.--_v.t._ to drive piles into.--_ns._ PILE'-DRIV'ER, PILE'-EN'GINE, an engine for driving down piles; PILE'-DWELL'ING, a dwelling built on piles, a lake-dwelling; PILE'WORK, work or foundations made of piles; PILE'-WORM, a worm found -eating into the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. _píl_--L. +eating into the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. _pÃl_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.] PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ hair, fur: the nap on cloth, esp. if regular and closely set.--_v.t._ to furnish with pile, to make shaggy.--_adj._ PILE'-WORN, worn threadbare. [O. Fr. _peil_, _poil_--L. _p[)i]lus_, a hair.] -PILES, p[=i]lz, _n.pl._ hæmorrhoids. [L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.] +PILES, p[=i]lz, _n.pl._ hæmorrhoids. [L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.] PILEUM, pil'[=e]-um, _n._ (_ornith._) the top of the head from the base of the bill to the nape--including the forehead or front, the vertex or @@ -15055,7 +15024,7 @@ cord.--PILGRIM FATHERS, the colonists who went to America in the ship _Mayflower_, and founded New England in 1620; PILGRIM'S SHELL, a cockle-shell used as a sign that one had visited the Holy Land; PILGRIM'S STAFF, a long staff which pilgrims carried as a sort of badge. [O. Fr. -_pelegrin_ (Fr. _pèlerin_)--L. _peregrinus_, foreigner, +_pelegrin_ (Fr. _pèlerin_)--L. _peregrinus_, foreigner, stranger--_pereger_, a traveller--_per_, through, _ager_, land.] PILIFORM, pil'i-form, _adj._ slender as a hair.--_adjs._ PILIF'EROUS, @@ -15119,7 +15088,7 @@ _pulv[=i]nus_.] PILLWORM, pil'wurm, _n._ the millipede. -PILOCARPUS, p[=i]-l[=o]-kär'pus, _n._ a shrub about four or five feet high, +PILOCARPUS, p[=i]-l[=o]-kär'pus, _n._ a shrub about four or five feet high, slightly branched, the branches erect, a native of Brazil.--_n._ PILOCAR'PINE, an alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus, with sudorific properties. [Gr. _pilos_, a cap, _karpos_, fruit.] @@ -15198,7 +15167,7 @@ Gael. _pinne_, and Ger. _pinn_, from L. _pinna_ or _penna_, a feather.] PIN, pin, _n._ an induration of the membranes of the eye, cataract. [A.S. _pinn_--Low L. _pannus_.] -PIÑA-CLOTH, p[=e]'nya-kloth, _n._ a beautiful fabric made of the fibres of +PIÑA-CLOTH, p[=e]'nya-kloth, _n._ a beautiful fabric made of the fibres of the leaves of the pine-apple plant. PINAFORE, pin'a-f[=o]r, _n._ a loose covering of cotton or linen over a @@ -15262,12 +15231,12 @@ pertaining to, or obtained from, the pine: noting an acid consisting of the portion of common resin soluble in cold alcohol; PINIC'OLINE, inhabiting pine-woods; P[=I]'NY, P[=I]'NEY, abounding in pine-trees.--PINE-TREE MONEY, silver money coined at Boston in the 17th century, and so called from the -coins bearing the rude figure of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. _pín_,--L. +coins bearing the rude figure of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. _pÃn_,--L. _p[=i]nus_ (for _pic-nus_),--_pix_, _picis_, pitch.] PINE, p[=i]n, _v.i._ to waste away under pain or mental distress: to languish with longing.--_v.t._ to grieve for: to bewail.--_n._ wasting -pain: weary suffering.--DONE TO PINE, starved to death. [A.S. _pínian_, to +pain: weary suffering.--DONE TO PINE, starved to death. [A.S. _pÃnian_, to torment--L. _poena_, punishment.] PINFOLD, pin'f[=o]ld, _n._ a pound or enclosure for cattle.--_v.t._ to @@ -15318,7 +15287,7 @@ eyes like a rabbit: having small or half-shut eyes.--_adj._ PINK'Y, winking. [Dut. _pinken_, to wink.] PINNA, pin'a, _n._ a single leaflet of a pinnate leaf: a wing, fin, or the -like: the auricle of the ear:--_pl._ PINN'Æ.--_adjs._ PINN'ATE, -D, shaped +like: the auricle of the ear:--_pl._ PINN'Æ.--_adjs._ PINN'ATE, -D, shaped like a feather: furnished with wings or fins.--_adv._ PINN'ATELY.--_adjs._ PINNAT'IFID, cut as a leaf, half-way down or more, with the divisions narrow or acute; PINNAT'ISECT (_bot._), pinnately divided; PINN'IFORM, like @@ -15354,13 +15323,13 @@ PINNY, PINNIE, pin'[=i], _n._ a pinafore. [_Pinafore._] PINNYWINKLE, pin'i-wingk-l, _n._ an ancient form of torture for the fingers.--Also PINN'IEWINKLE, PIL'NIE-WINKS. [A corr. of _periwinkle_.] -PINT, p[=i]nt, _n._ a measure of capacity=½ quart or 4 gills: (_med._) 12 +PINT, p[=i]nt, _n._ a measure of capacity=½ quart or 4 gills: (_med._) 12 ounces.--_ns._ PINT'-POT, a pot for holding a pint, esp. a pewter pot for beer: a seller or drinker of beer; PINT'-STOUP, a vessel for holding a Scotch pint. [Fr. _pinte_--Sp. _pinta_, mark--L. _picta_, _ping[)e]re_, to paint.] -PINTADO, pin-tä'do, _adj._ painted, spotted.--_n._ the guinea-fowl: chintz, +PINTADO, pin-tä'do, _adj._ painted, spotted.--_n._ the guinea-fowl: chintz, applied to all printed goods. PINTAIL, PIN-WHEEL. See PIN. @@ -15426,16 +15395,16 @@ one movable jaw, both so shaped as to bite together when placed on a pipe and rotated round it.--PIPE DOWN, to dismiss from muster, as a ship's company; PIPE OFF, to watch a house or person for purposes of theft; PIPE ONE'S EYE, to weep.--DRUNK AS A PIPER, very drunk; PAY THE PIPER, to bear -the expense. [A.S. _pípe_; Dut. _pijp_, Ger. _pfeife_.] +the expense. [A.S. _pÃpe_; Dut. _pijp_, Ger. _pfeife_.] -PIPERACEOUS, pip-e-r[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ pertaining to the PIPER[=A]'CEÆ, +PIPERACEOUS, pip-e-r[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ pertaining to the PIPER[=A]'CEÆ, the pepper family.--_adj._ PIPER'IC, produced from such plants.--_n._ PIP'ERINE, an alkaloid found in pepper. [L. _piper_, pepper.] PIPETTE, pi-pet', _n._ a small tube for removing small portions of a fluid from one vessel to another. [Fr.] -PIPI, p[=e]'p[=e], _n._ the astringent pods of _Cæsalpinia pipai_, a +PIPI, p[=e]'p[=e], _n._ the astringent pods of _Cæsalpinia pipai_, a Brazilian plant used in tanning. PIPING, p[=i]'ping, _adj._ uttering a weak, shrill, piping sound, like the @@ -15467,16 +15436,16 @@ by wounded pride: spite: nicety: punctilio.--_v.t._ to wound the pride of: to offend: to pride or value (one's self):--_pr.p._ piq'uing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ piqued. [Fr. _pique_, a pike, pique; cf. _Pick_ and _Pike_.] -PIQUÉ, p[=e]-k[=a]', _n._ a heavy cotton fabric having a surface corded or +PIQUÉ, p[=e]-k[=a]', _n._ a heavy cotton fabric having a surface corded or with a raised lozenge pattern: a similar pattern produced by quilting with -the needle.--_n._ PIQUÉ-WORK. [Fr.] +the needle.--_n._ PIQUÉ-WORK. [Fr.] PIQUET. Same as PICKET. PIQUET, pi-ket', _n._ a game at cards.--_n._ PIQUE, in piquet, the scoring of 30 points in one hand before the other side scores at all. [_Picket_.] -PIRAGUA, pi-rä'gwä. Same as PERIAGUA. +PIRAGUA, pi-rä'gwä. Same as PERIAGUA. PIRATE, p[=i]'r[=a]t, _n._ one who, without authority, attempts to capture ships at sea: a sea-robber: an armed vessel which, without legal right, @@ -15519,7 +15488,7 @@ south side of the altar in old churches, into which is emptied water used in washing any of the sacred vessels.--_adj._ PIS'CINAL, belonging to a fish-pond. [L., a fish-pond, a cistern--_piscis_, a fish.] -PISÉ, p[=e]-z[=a]', _n._ stiff earth or clay rammed down to form walls or +PISÉ, p[=e]-z[=a]', _n._ stiff earth or clay rammed down to form walls or floors. [Fr.] PISH, pish, _interj._ expressing contempt. [Imit.] @@ -15682,15 +15651,15 @@ PIT'IFUL, feeling pity: compassionate: exciting pity: sad: despicable.--_adv._ PIT'IFULLY.--_n._ PIT'IFULNESS.--_adj._ PIT'ILESS, without pity: cruel.--_adv._ PIT'ILESSLY.--_n._ PIT'ILESSNESS.--_adv._ PIT'YINGLY, in a pitying manner.--IT PITIETH ME, YOU, THEM, &c. (_Pr. -Bk._), it causeth pity in me, you, them, &c. [O. Fr. _pite_ (Fr. _pitié_, -It. _pietà_)--L. _pietas_, _pietatis_--_pius_, pious.] +Bk._), it causeth pity in me, you, them, &c. [O. Fr. _pite_ (Fr. _pitié_, +It. _pietà _)--L. _pietas_, _pietatis_--_pius_, pious.] PITYRIASIS, pit-i-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ the term given to certain of the squamous or scaly diseases of the skin, in which there is a continual throwing off of bran-like scales of epidermis.--_adj._ PIT'YROID, bran-like. [Gr. _pityron_, bran.] -PIÙ, p[=u], _adv._ more.--PIÙ ALLEGRO, quicker. [It.] +PIÙ, p[=u], _adv._ more.--PIÙ ALLEGRO, quicker. [It.] PIVOT, piv'ut, _n._ the pin on which anything turns: the officer or soldier at the flank upon whom a company wheels: that on which anything depends or @@ -15713,7 +15682,7 @@ toadstool or mushroom. [_Puck_.] PIZE, p[=i]z, _n._ a term used in execration, like _pox_. -PIZZICATO, pit-si-kä'to, _adj._ a phrase used in music for the violin or +PIZZICATO, pit-si-kä'to, _adj._ a phrase used in music for the violin or violoncello, to denote that here the strings are to be twitched with the fingers in the manner of a harp or guitar. [It.,--_pizzicare_, to twitch.] @@ -15726,10 +15695,10 @@ conciliate.--_n._ PLAC[=A]'TION, propitiation.--_adj._ PL[=A]'CATORY, conciliatory. [L. _placabilis_--_plac[=a]re_, to appease, akin to _plac[=e]re_, to please.] -PLACARD, plak'ärd, or pl[=a]-kärd', _n._ a written or printed paper stuck +PLACARD, plak'ärd, or pl[=a]-kärd', _n._ a written or printed paper stuck upon a wall as an advertisement, &c.: a public proclamation: the woodwork and frame of the door of a closet and the like.--_v.t._ PLACARD -(pl[=a]-kärd', or plak'ärd), to publish or notify by placards. [Fr. +(pl[=a]-kärd', or plak'ärd), to publish or notify by placards. [Fr. _placard_, a bill stuck on a wall--_plaque_, plate, tablet; acc. to Diez, from Dut. _plak_, a piece of flat wood.] @@ -15761,7 +15730,7 @@ effect. [L., 'I will please'--_plac[=e]re_, to please.] PLACENTA, pla-sen'ta, _n._ the structure which unites the unborn mammal to the womb of its mother and establishes a nutritive connection between them: (_bot._) the portion of the ovary which bears the ovules:--_pl._ -PLACEN'TÆ.--_adj._ PLACEN'TAL.--_n.pl._ PLACENT[=A]'LIA, placental +PLACEN'TÆ.--_adj._ PLACEN'TAL.--_n.pl._ PLACENT[=A]'LIA, placental mammals.--_adjs._ PLACENT[=A]'LIAN; PLACEN'TARY, pertaining to, or having, a placenta.--_n._ a mammal having a placenta.--_adjs._ PLACEN'TATE, PLACENTIF'EROUS.--_ns._ PLACENT[=A]'TION, the mode in which the placenta is @@ -15842,7 +15811,7 @@ PLAGIUM, pl[=a]'ji-um, _n._ the crime of kidnapping. PLAGUE, pl[=a]g, _n._ any great natural evil: a deadly disease or pestilence: a very troublesome person or thing, esp. a malignant kind of contagious fever, prevailing epidemically, characterised by buboes, or -swellings of the lymphatic glands, by carbuncles and petechiæ.--_v.t._ to +swellings of the lymphatic glands, by carbuncles and petechiæ.--_v.t._ to infest with disease or trouble: to harass or annoy:--_pr.p._ pl[=a]g'uing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pl[=a]gued.--_ns._ PLAGUE'-MARK, -SPOT, a mark or spot of plague or foul disease: a place where disease is constantly present; @@ -15853,7 +15822,7 @@ THE PLAGUE, to be at the trouble. [O. Fr. _plague_--L. _plaga_, a blow; Gr. _pl[=e]g[=e]_.] PLAICE, pl[=a]s, _n._ a broad, flat fish, in the same genus as the -flounder. [O. Fr. _plaïs_ (Fr. _plie_)--Low L. _platessa_, a flat fish--Gr. +flounder. [O. Fr. _plaïs_ (Fr. _plie_)--Low L. _platessa_, a flat fish--Gr. _platys_, flat.] PLAID, plad, or pl[=a]d, _n._ a loose outer garment of woollen cloth, often @@ -15993,7 +15962,7 @@ Jupiter.--_adjs._ PLANETOI'DAL; PLAN'ET-STRICK'EN, PLAN'ET-STRUCK (_astrol._), affected by the influence of the planets: blasted.--_n._ PLAN'ETULE, a little planet.--MINOR PLANETS, the numerous group of very small planets which is situated in the solar system between Mars and -Jupiter. [Fr. _planète_--Gr. _plan[=e]t[=e]s_, wanderer--_plan[=a]n_, to +Jupiter. [Fr. _planète_--Gr. _plan[=e]t[=e]s_, wanderer--_plan[=a]n_, to make to wander.] PLANE-TREE, pl[=a]n'-tr[=e], _n._ any one of the several trees constituting @@ -16145,8 +16114,8 @@ silver; PLATE'-RACK, a frame for holding plates, &c., when not in use; PLATE'-WARM'ER, an apparatus in which plates are warmed before the fire; PL[=A]'TING, the covering of an inferior metal with one of the precious metals: a thin coating of metal on another.--_adj._ PL[=A]'TY, like a -plate.--HALF'-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 4¾ by 6½ in. -(4¼ by 5½ in U.S.); QUAR'TER-PLATE, 3¼ by 4¼ in.; WHOLE'-PLATE, 6½ by 8½ +plate.--HALF'-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 4¾ by 6½ in. +(4¼ by 5½ in U.S.); QUAR'TER-PLATE, 3¼ by 4¼ in.; WHOLE'-PLATE, 6½ by 8½ in. [O. Fr. _plate_, fem. of _plat_, flat--Gr. _platys_, broad.] PLATEAU, pla-t[=o]', _n._ a broad flat space on an elevated position: a @@ -16223,7 +16192,7 @@ popular.--_ns._ PLAUSIBIL'ITY, PLAUS'IBLENESS, an appearance of being right or worthy of approval: that which seems right and true at first sight.--_adv._ PLAUS'IBLY. [L. _plausibilis_--_plaud[)e]re_, to praise.] -PLAUSTRAL, plä'stral, _adj._ of or pertaining to a wagon. [L. _plaustrum_, +PLAUSTRAL, plä'stral, _adj._ of or pertaining to a wagon. [L. _plaustrum_, a wagon.] PLAY, pl[=a], _v.i._ to engage in some amusing exercise: to take part in a @@ -16312,7 +16281,7 @@ of ancient Rome: one of the lower classes.--_v.t._ PLEBEI'ANISE.--_ns._ PLEBEI'ANISM, state of being a plebeian: the conduct or manners of plebeians: vulgarity; PLEBIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of making plebeian.--_v.t._ PLEB'IFY, to make plebeian: to vulgarise. [Fr. -_plébéien_--L. _plebeius_--_plebs_, _plebis_, the common people.] +_plébéien_--L. _plebeius_--_plebs_, _plebis_, the common people.] PLEBISCITE, pleb'i-s[=i]t, _n._ a decree of an entire nation, obtained by an appeal to universal suffrage, as in France under Napoleon III.: a method @@ -16343,7 +16312,7 @@ card given, as a remembrancer, to a person who has signed the total abstinence pledge; PLEDGE CUP, a cup for drinking pledges.--HOLD IN PLEDGE, to keep as security; PUT IN PLEDGE, to pawn; TAKE, or SIGN, THE PLEDGE, to give a written promise to abstain from intoxicating liquor. [O. Fr. _plege_ -(Fr. _pleige_); prob. L. _præb[=e]re_, to afford.] +(Fr. _pleige_); prob. L. _præb[=e]re_, to afford.] PLEDGET, plej'et, _n._ a wad of lint, cotton, &c., as for a wound or sore: an oakum string used in caulking. @@ -16403,7 +16372,7 @@ pleonasm.--_adjs._ PLEONAS'TIC, -AL, redundant: using too many words.--_adv._ PLEONAS'TICALLY. [Gr. _pleonasmos_--_plei[=o]n_, more.] PLEROMA, pl[=e]-r[=o]'ma, _n._ fullness: abundance: in Gnosticism, divine -being, including all æons which emanate from it. [Gr.,--_pl[=e]r[=e]s_, +being, including all æons which emanate from it. [Gr.,--_pl[=e]r[=e]s_, full.] PLEROPHORY, pl[=e]-rof'[=o]-ri, _n._ full conviction.--Also @@ -16416,7 +16385,7 @@ substances of crystallising in similar forms while unlike in chemical composition--also _Isogonism_.--_adjs._ PLESIOMOR'PHIC, PLESIOMOR'PHOUS. PLESIOSAURUS, pl[=e]-zi-o-saw'rus, _n._ the type or leading genus of a -family (_Plesiosauridæ_) of fossil sea-reptiles, which are characteristic +family (_Plesiosauridæ_) of fossil sea-reptiles, which are characteristic of the Mesozoic systems. [Gr. _pl[=e]sios_, near, _sauros_, lizard.] PLETHORA, pleth'o-ra, _n._ excessive fullness of blood: over-fullness in @@ -16428,7 +16397,7 @@ PLEUGH, pl[=u]h, _n._ (_Scot._) a plough.--_n._ PLEUGH'-PAID'LE (_Scot._), a small spade or 'paddle' for cleaning a plough. PLEURA, pl[=oo]'ra, _n._ a delicate serous membrane which covers the lungs -and lines the cavity of the chest:--_pl._ PLEU'RÆ.--_adj._ PLEU'RAL.--_ns._ +and lines the cavity of the chest:--_pl._ PLEU'RÆ.--_adj._ PLEU'RAL.--_ns._ PLEURAPOPH'YSIS, a lateral process of a vertebra, with the morphological character of a rib:--_pl._ PLEURAPOPH'YSES; PLEURENCH'YMA (_bot._), the woody tissue of plants; PLEU'RISY, inflammation of the pleura, the @@ -16440,7 +16409,7 @@ pleurisy; PLEURODYN'IA, neuralgia of the chest-wall, which may simulate closely the pain of pleurisy; PLEU'RO-PNEUM[=O]'NIA, inflammation of the pleura and lungs, a contagious disease peculiar to cattle. [Gr., a rib.] -PLEURONECTIDÆ, pl[=oo]-ro-nek'ti-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of flat-fishes, +PLEURONECTIDÆ, pl[=oo]-ro-nek'ti-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of flat-fishes, the flounders. [Gr. _pleura_, the side, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.] PLEXIMETER, pleks-im'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a small plate of something hard and @@ -16478,14 +16447,14 @@ PLIERS, pl[=i]'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ small pincers for bending. PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _n._ something exposed to risk: security: pledge: engagement: promise.--_v.t._ to pledge: to promise solemnly: to give as security.--_n._ PLIGHT'ER, one who, or that which, plights. [A.S. _pliht_, -risk, danger--_plión_, to imperil; cog. with Dut. _pligt_, Ger. _pflicht_, +risk, danger--_plión_, to imperil; cog. with Dut. _pligt_, Ger. _pflicht_, an obligation.] PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _n._ condition: state (either good or bad). [O. Fr. _plite_--L. _plicitus_, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.] PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _v.t._ to plait, to braid, to weave.--_n._ (_Spens._) a -plait, a fold. [L. _plect[)e]re_, freq. of _plicäre_, to fold.] +plait, a fold. [L. _plect[)e]re_, freq. of _plicäre_, to fold.] PLIM, plim, _v.i._ (_prov._) to swell. [_Plump_.] @@ -16508,7 +16477,7 @@ slow movement: patient study.--_adv._ PLOD'DINGLY. [Orig. 'to wade through pools,' from Ir. _plod_, a pool.] PLONGE, plonj, _n._ the descending part of the path of a bomb: the superior -slope of a parapet.--Also PLON'GÉE. +slope of a parapet.--Also PLON'GÉE. PLONGE, plonj, _v.t._ to cleanse, as open sewers, by stirring with a pole when the tide is ebbing. @@ -16551,7 +16520,7 @@ one who makes and mends ploughs.--PUT ONE'S HAND TO THE PLOUGH, to begin an undertaking.--SNOW PLOUGH, a strong triangular frame of wood for clearing snow off roads, railways, &c., drawn by horses or by a locomotive; STEAM PLOUGH, a plough driven by a stationary steam-engine; THE PLOUGH, the seven -bright stars in the constellation of the Great Bear. [Ice. _plógr_; perh. +bright stars in the constellation of the Great Bear. [Ice. _plógr_; perh. Celt., Gael. _ploc_, a block.] PLOUGHSHARE, plow'sh[=a]r, _n._ the part of a plough which shears or cuts @@ -16572,7 +16541,7 @@ PLUCK, pluk, _v.t._ to pull off or away: to snatch: to strip, as a fowl of its feathers: (_slang_) to reject an examinee as inefficient.--_n._ a single act of plucking.--_n._ PLUCK'ER.--PLUCK OFF (_Shak._), to abate from the rank; PLUCK UP, to pull out by the roots: to summon up, as courage. -[A.S. _pluccian_; akin to Dut. _plukken_, Ger. _pflücken_.] +[A.S. _pluccian_; akin to Dut. _plukken_, Ger. _pflücken_.] PLUCK, pluk, _n._ the heart, liver, and lungs of an animal--hence heart, courage, spirit.--_adjs._ PLUCKED, PLUCK'Y, having pluck or spirit.--_adv._ @@ -16593,13 +16562,13 @@ a water-main in case of fire. [Dut. _plug_, a bung, a peg (Sw. _plugg_, a peg, Ger. _pflock_); most prob. Celt., as in Ir., Gael., and W. _ploc_.] PLUM, plum, _n._ a well-known stone fruit of various colours, of the -natural order _Rosaceæ_: the tree producing it: the best part of all: a sum -of £100,000, a handsome fortune.--_ns._ PLUM'-CAKE, a cake containing +natural order _Rosaceæ_: the tree producing it: the best part of all: a sum +of £100,000, a handsome fortune.--_ns._ PLUM'-CAKE, a cake containing raisins, currants, &c.; PLUM'-DUFF, a flour-pudding boiled with raisins.--_adj._ PLUM'MY, full of plums: desirable.--_ns._ PLUM'-PORR'IDGE, an antiquated dish, of porridge with plums, raisins, &c.; PLUM'-PUDD'ING, a national English dish made of flour and suet, with raisins, currants, and -various spices. [A.S. _plúme_--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.] +various spices. [A.S. _plúme_--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.] PLUMAGE, pl[=oo]m'[=a]j, _n._ the whole feathers of a bird. [Fr.,--_plume_, a feather.] @@ -16618,7 +16587,7 @@ perpendicular: a plummet; PLUMB'-RULE, a narrow board with a plumb-line fastened to the top, used to determine a perpendicular. [Fr. _plomb_--L. _plumbum_, lead.] -PLUMBAGINEÆ, plum-ba-jin'[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of oxogenous +PLUMBAGINEÆ, plum-ba-jin'[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of oxogenous plants found on seashores and salt-marshes. PLUMBAGO, plum-b[=a]'go, _n._ a mineral composed of carbon, iron, and other @@ -16637,7 +16606,7 @@ ornament: a crest: a token of honour: a prize in a contest.--_v.t._ to dress the feathers of, as a bird: to adorn with plumes: to strip of feathers: to boast (used reflexively).--_ns._ PLUMASSIER (pl[=oo]-ma-s[=e]r'), one who prepares or deals in plumes; PLUME'-BIRD, a -term sometimes given to the _Epimachidæ_ or long-tailed +term sometimes given to the _Epimachidæ_ or long-tailed birds-of-Paradise.--_adjs._ PLUMED, adorned with feathers; PLUME'LESS.--_n._ PLUME'LET, a down-feather, a plumule: anything resembling a small plume.--_adj._ PLUME'-PLUCKED, stripped of plumes: (_Shak._) @@ -16681,7 +16650,7 @@ _plumula_, dim. of _pluma_, a feather.] PLUNDER, plun'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to seize the goods of another by force: to pillage.--_n._ that which is seized by force: booty: (_U.S._) household goods.--_ns._ PLUN'DERAGE, the stealing of goods on board ship; -PLUN'DERER.--_adj._ PLUN'DEROUS. [Ger. _plündern_, to pillage--_plunder_, +PLUN'DERER.--_adj._ PLUN'DEROUS. [Ger. _plündern_, to pillage--_plunder_, trash, baggage; akin to Low Ger. _plunnen_, rags.] PLUNGE, plunj, _v.t._ to cast suddenly into water or other fluid: to force @@ -16720,7 +16689,7 @@ PLURIPAROUS, pl[=oo]-rip'a-rus, _adj._ having several young at a birth.--_n._ PLURIP'ARA, one who has borne two or more children. PLURIPRESENCE, pl[=oo]-ri-prez'ens, _n._ presence in more places than one. -[L. _plus_, more, _præsentia_, presence.] +[L. _plus_, more, _præsentia_, presence.] PLURISY, pl[=oo]r'i-si, _n._ (_Shak._) superabundance. [L. _plus_, _pluris_, more.] @@ -16793,7 +16762,7 @@ to breathe.] PNYX, niks, _n._ in ancient Athens, the public place of meeting for deliberation on political affairs: the assembly. [Gr.,--_pyknos_, crowded.] -POACEÆ, p[=o]-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a division of the order _Gramineæ_, +POACEÆ, p[=o]-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a division of the order _Gramineæ_, the grasses.--_n._ P[=O]'A, a genus of grasses. [Gr. _poa_, grass.] POACH, p[=o]ch, _v.t._ to dress eggs by breaking them into boiling water. @@ -16857,7 +16826,7 @@ in the foot. [Gr. _pous_, _podos_, the foot, _agra_, a catching.] PODARGUS, p[=o]-dar'gus, _n._ a genus of arboreal and nocturnal birds allied to the true Goatsuckers. [Gr. _pous_, the foot, _argos_, swift.] -PODESTA, p[=o]-des'tä, _n._ a chief magistrate in the medieval Italian +PODESTA, p[=o]-des'tä, _n._ a chief magistrate in the medieval Italian republics: an inferior municipal judge. [It.,--L. _potestas_, power.] PODGY, poj'i, _adj._ short and fat: thick. @@ -16867,7 +16836,7 @@ foot: (_bot._) a support, as a foot-stalk.--__adj.__ P[=O]'DIAL.--_ns._ PODIS'MUS, spasm of the muscles of the foot; P[=O]'DITE, a limb of a crustacean when ambulatory.--__adj.__ PODIT'IC. -PODOCARPUS, pod-[=o]-kär'pus, _n._ a genus of tropical coniferous trees. +PODOCARPUS, pod-[=o]-kär'pus, _n._ a genus of tropical coniferous trees. [Gr. _pous_, _podos_, foot, _karpos_, fruit.] PODOPHTHALMA, pod-of-thal'ma, _n.pl._ a name often applied to a section of @@ -16886,7 +16855,7 @@ POE, p[=o]'e, _n._ the parson-bird of New Zealand. POEM, p[=o]'em, _n._ a composition in verse: a composition of high beauty of thought or language, although not in verse.--__adj.__ POEMAT'IC, -relating to a poem. [Fr. _poème_--L. _poema_--Gr. _poi[=e]ma_, _poiein_, to +relating to a poem. [Fr. _poème_--L. _poema_--Gr. _poi[=e]ma_, _poiein_, to make.] POENOLOGY. See PENOLOGY. @@ -16894,7 +16863,7 @@ POENOLOGY. See PENOLOGY. POEPHAGOUS, p[=o]-ef'a-gus, _adj._ eating grass. POESY, p[=o]'e-si, _n._ the art of composing poems: poetry: a poem: -poetical compositions. [Fr. _poésie_--L. _poesis_--Gr. +poetical compositions. [Fr. _poésie_--L. _poesis_--Gr. _poi[=e]sis_--_poiein_, to make.] POET, p[=o]'et, _n._ the author of a poem: one skilled in making poetry: @@ -16909,7 +16878,7 @@ P[=O]'ETRESS (_Spens._), a poetess; P[=O]'ETRY, the art of expressing in melodious words the thoughts which are the creations of feeling and imagination: utterance in song: metrical composition.--POETIC JUSTICE, ideal administration of reward and punishment; POETIC LICENSE, a departing -from strict fact or rule by a poet for the sake of effect. [Fr. _poète_--L. +from strict fact or rule by a poet for the sake of effect. [Fr. _poète_--L. _poeta_--Gr. _poi[=e]t[=e]s_--_poiein_, to make.] POGGE, pog, _n._ the armed bullhead. @@ -16973,7 +16942,7 @@ line towards an object. [Fr. _point-blanc_, white point.] POINT-DEVICE, POINT-DEVISE, point'-de-v[=i]s', _n._ (_orig._) a lace worked with devices: anything uncommonly nice and exact.--_adj._ (_arch._) -scrupulously neat. [Fr. _point_, lace, _devisé_, with a device.] +scrupulously neat. [Fr. _point_, lace, _devisé_, with a device.] POINTEL, poin'tel, _n._ a sharp instrument: any sharp-pointed thing. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _punctillum_, a little point.] @@ -17055,7 +17024,7 @@ of having two opposite poles: a condition in certain bodies according to which their properties arrange themselves so as to have opposite powers in opposite directions, as in a magnet with its two poles.--POLAR BEAR, a large white bear found in the Arctic regions; POLAR CIRCLE, a parallel of -latitude encircling each of the poles at a distance of 23° 28' from the +latitude encircling each of the poles at a distance of 23° 28' from the pole--the north polar being called the arctic, the south the antarctic, circle; POLAR LIGHTS, the aurora borealis or australis. [L. _polaris_--_polus_, a pole.] @@ -17074,10 +17043,10 @@ heavens opposite to the poles of the earth--called also _Celestial poles_. [Fr.,--L. _polus_--Gr. _polos_--_pelein_, to be in motion.] POLE, p[=o]l, _n._ a pale or pile: a long piece of wood: an instrument for -measuring: a measure of length, 5½ yards: in square measure, 30¼ +measuring: a measure of length, 5½ yards: in square measure, 30¼ yards.--_v.t._ to push or stir with a pole.--_v.i._ to use a pole.--__adj.__ POLE'-CLIPT (_Shak._), hedged in with poles.--UNDER BARE -POLES, with all sails furled. [A.S. _pál_ (Ger. _pfahl_)--L. _palus_, a +POLES, with all sails furled. [A.S. _pál_ (Ger. _pfahl_)--L. _palus_, a stake.] POLE, p[=o]l, _n._ a native of _Poland_. @@ -17103,7 +17072,7 @@ controversy.--_n._ POL'EMOSCOPE, a perspective glass so constructed as to give views of objects not lying directly before the eye. [Gr. _polemos_, war.] -POLEMONIACEÆ, pol-e-m[=o]-ni-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of +POLEMONIACEÆ, pol-e-m[=o]-ni-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of plants--the phlox family. POLENTA, po-len'ta, _n._ an Italian dish, the chief ingredients of which @@ -17213,7 +17182,7 @@ POLLACK, pol'ak, _n._ a common fish on British coasts, belonging to the cod, haddock, and whiting group.--Also POLL'OCK. [Celt., as in Gael. _pollag_, a whiting.] -POLLAN, pol'an, _n._ a fresh-water fish of the family _Salmonidæ_, a native +POLLAN, pol'an, _n._ a fresh-water fish of the family _Salmonidæ_, a native of lakes in Ireland. POLLARD, pol'ard, _n._ a tree having the whole crown cut off, leaving it to @@ -17267,7 +17236,7 @@ POLO, p[=o]'lo, _n._ a Spanish gipsy dance. POLONAISE, p[=o]-l[=o]-n[=a]z', _n._ a light kind of gown looped up at the sides to show an ornamented petticoat: a short overcoat bordered with fur: -a Polish national dance of slow movement in ¾ time, during which the +a Polish national dance of slow movement in ¾ time, during which the dancers march or promenade: music for such a dance. [Fr., 'Polish.'] POLONY, po-l[=o]'ni, _n._ a dry sausage made of meat partly cooked. [Prob. @@ -17294,9 +17263,9 @@ two. POLYADELPH, pol'i-a-delf, _n._ a plant having its stamens united in three or more bundles by the filaments.--_n.pl._ POLYADEL'PHIA, the 18th class in -the Linnæan system.--_adjs._ POLYADEL'PHIAN, POLYADEL'PHOUS. +the Linnæan system.--_adjs._ POLYADEL'PHIAN, POLYADEL'PHOUS. -POLYANDRIA, pol-i-an'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants in the Linnæan system, +POLYANDRIA, pol-i-an'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants in the Linnæan system, having more than twenty stamens inserted on the receptacle.--_adjs._ POLYAN'DRIAN, POLYAN'DROUS.--_n._ POLYAN'DRY, the social usage of some races in certain stages of civilisation in which the woman normally forms a @@ -17360,11 +17329,11 @@ POLYERGIC, pol-i-er'jik, _adj._ acting in many ways. POLYFOIL, pol'i-foil, _n._ an opening or ornament consisting of several combined foliations, a combination of more than five foils.--Also _adj._ -POLYGALACEÆ, pol-i-g[=a]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ an order of polypetalous +POLYGALACEÆ, pol-i-g[=a]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ an order of polypetalous plants--the milkwort family. POLYGAMY, p[=o]-lig'a-mi, _n._ the practice of having more than one wife at -the same time.--_n.pl._ POLYG[=A]'MIA, the 23d class in the Linnæan system, +the same time.--_n.pl._ POLYG[=A]'MIA, the 23d class in the Linnæan system, embracing plants in which the stamens and pistils are separate in some flowers and associated in others.--_adj._ POLYG[=A]'MIAN.--_n._ POLYG'AMIST.--_adj._ POLYG'AMOUS, relating to polygamy: (_bot._) a term @@ -17390,7 +17359,7 @@ lines: a figure of many angles.--_adjs._ POLYG'ONAL, POLYG'ONOUS. [L.,--Gr. _polyg[=o]non_--_polys_, many, _g[=o]nia_, a corner.] POLYGONUM, po-lig'o-num, _n._ a kind of plant with many joints, as the -bistort, knotweed, &c.--_n.pl._ POLYGON[=A]'CEÆ, an order of apetalous +bistort, knotweed, &c.--_n.pl._ POLYGON[=A]'CEÆ, an order of apetalous plants, mostly herbs--the buckwheat family. [Gr. _polys_, many, _gonu_, a knee.] @@ -17403,7 +17372,7 @@ POLYG'RAPHY, voluminous writing: art of writing in various ciphers. POLYGYNY, p[=o]-lij'i-ni, _n._ polygamy.--_n._ POL'YGYN, a plant of the order POLYGYN'IA (_pl._), the 12th order in the first 13 classes of the -Linnæan artificial system of plants, embracing those having flowers with +Linnæan artificial system of plants, embracing those having flowers with more than twelve styles.--_adjs._ POLYGYN'IAN, POLYGYN'IC, POLYG'YNOUS. [Gr. _polys_, many, _gyn[=e]_, woman.] @@ -17458,7 +17427,7 @@ round the mouth: something with many feet or roots: a pedunculated tumour attached to the surface of a mucous membrane--in the nose, &c.--also POL'YPUS:--_pl._ POLYPES (pol'ips), POLYPI (pol'i-p[=i]).--_ns._ POL'YPARY, the horny or chitonous outer covering of a colony of polyps; POL'YPIDE, an -individual zoöid of a polyzoarium or compound polyzoan; POLYP'IDOM, an +individual zoöid of a polyzoarium or compound polyzoan; POLYP'IDOM, an aggregate of polypites or polypides; POL'YPIER, one individual of a compound polyp: a polypidom, polypary, or polyp-stock.--_adj._ POL'YPOUS. [Gr. _polypous_--_polys_, many, _pous_, foot.] @@ -17468,7 +17437,7 @@ _petalon_, a leaf.] POLYPHAGOUS, p[=o]-lif'a-gus, _adj._ eating many different kinds of food. -POLYPHARMACY, pol-i-fär'ma-si _n._ the prescribing of too many medicines. +POLYPHARMACY, pol-i-fär'ma-si _n._ the prescribing of too many medicines. POLYPHLOESBOEAN, pol-i-fles-b[=e]'an, _adj._ loud-roaring. [Homer's frequent description of the sea, _polys_, much, _phloisbos_, noise.] @@ -17578,7 +17547,7 @@ stones, shells, &c. under water:--_sing._ POLYZ[=O]'AN, POLYZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ POL'YZOAN, POLYZO[=A]'RIAL.--_ns._ POLYZO[=A]'RIUM, a compound polyzoan; POLYZ[=O]'ARY, the polypary or polypidom of a polyzoan.--_adjs._ POLYZ[=O]'IC, filled with imaginary animals, zoolatrous; -POLYZ[=O]'ÖID, consisting of many zoöids. [Gr. _polys_, many, _z[=o]on_, an +POLYZ[=O]'ÖID, consisting of many zoöids. [Gr. _polys_, many, _z[=o]on_, an animal.] POLYZONAL, pol-i-z[=o]'nal, _adj._ composed of many zones or belts. @@ -17595,8 +17564,8 @@ _pomme d'ambre_, apple of amber.] POME, p[=o]m, _n._ an apple or a fruit like an apple: a small globe of silver or the like, filled with hot water, on which in cold weather the priest at mass warms his numbed hands.--_n._ POM'ACE, the substance of -apples or similar fruit: fish-scrap.--_n.pl._ POM[=A]'CEÆ, a suborder of -_Rosaceæ_--the apple family--also POME'Æ.--_adj._ POM[=A]'CEOUS, relating +apples or similar fruit: fish-scrap.--_n.pl._ POM[=A]'CEÆ, a suborder of +_Rosaceæ_--the apple family--also POME'Æ.--_adj._ POM[=A]'CEOUS, relating to, consisting of, or resembling apples: like pomace.--_ns._ POME'-CIT'RON, a variety of apple; POM'EROY, the king-apple; POME'-WA'TER (_Shak._), a sweet, juicy apple; POMICUL'TURE, pomology.--_adjs._ POMIF'EROUS (_bot._), @@ -17622,7 +17591,7 @@ part of a saddle-bow.--_v.t._ to beat as with a pommel, or with anything thick or heavy: to beat soundly: to bruise:--_pr.p._ pomm'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pomm'elled.--_adjs._ POMM'ELED, POMM'ELLED (_her._), having a rounded knob ending in a smaller one; POMM'ETTY, ending in a small knob, -esp. of a cross--also POMM'ELÉ. [O. Fr. _pomel_ (Fr. _pommeau_)--L. +esp. of a cross--also POMM'ELÉ. [O. Fr. _pomel_ (Fr. _pommeau_)--L. _pomum_, an apple.] POMONA, pom-[=o]'na, _n._ the goddess of fruit and garden produce. @@ -17670,7 +17639,7 @@ POND, pond, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to ponder. POND, pond, _n._ a pool of standing water.--_v.t._ to make into a pond.--_v.i._ to collect into a pond.--_ns._ PON'DAGE, the amount of water -in a pond; POND'-LIL'Y, a plant of the aquatic genus _Nymphæa_; +in a pond; POND'-LIL'Y, a plant of the aquatic genus _Nymphæa_; POND'-TUR'TLE, a terrapin, a mud turtle; POND'WEED, a common aquatic herb. [From A.S. _pyndan_, to shut in, thus a doublet of _pound_, an enclosure.] @@ -17740,7 +17709,7 @@ one who has charge of a pontoon; PONTOON'-BRIDGE, a platform or roadway supported upon pontoons. [Fr. _ponton_--L. _pons_, a bridge.] PONY, p[=o]'ni, _n._ a small horse--one less than 13 hands high: (_slang_) -£25: a key or translation of the writings of an author: a small glass of +£25: a key or translation of the writings of an author: a small glass of beer.--_v.t._ to use a crib in translating.--_ns._ P[=O]'NY-CARR'IAGE, a small carriage drawn by one or more ponies; P[=O]'NY-EN'GINE, a small engine used for shunting wagons, &c.--JERUSALEM PONY, an ass. [Prob. Gael. @@ -17755,7 +17724,7 @@ POOH, p[=oo], _interj._ of disdain.--_v.t._ POOH'-POOH, to express contempt for: to sneer at. [Imit.] POOL, p[=oo]l, _n._ a small body of water: a deep part of a stream of -water.--_n._ POOL'ER, a stick for stirring a tan-vat. [A.S. _pól_ (Dut. +water.--_n._ POOL'ER, a stick for stirring a tan-vat. [A.S. _pól_ (Dut. _poel_, Ger. _pfuhl_)--Celt., as Ir. and Gael. _poll_, W. _pwll_.] POOL, p[=oo]l, _n._ the receptacle for the stakes in certain games: the @@ -17788,9 +17757,9 @@ almanac; POOR'S'-BOX, a box for receiving contributions to the poor.--_adj._ POOR'-SPIR'ITED, cowardly: mean.--_ns._ POOR'-SPIR'ITEDNESS, cowardice; POOR'S'-ROLL (_Scots law_), the list of poor persons who are litigants, but unable to pay the expenses of litigation, and therefore are -allowed to sue in _formâ pauperis_.--POOR MAN OF MUTTON (_Scot._), cold +allowed to sue in _formâ pauperis_.--POOR MAN OF MUTTON (_Scot._), cold mutton broiled, esp. the shoulder; POOR MAN'S HERB, the hedge-hyssop; POOR -WILL, a common American bird of the genus _Phalænoptilus_.--THE POOR, poor +WILL, a common American bird of the genus _Phalænoptilus_.--THE POOR, poor people collectively: those depending on public or private charity. [O. Fr. _poure_, _povre_ (Fr. _pauvre_)--L. _pauper_, poor.] @@ -17818,7 +17787,7 @@ Catholicism; POPE'S'-EYE, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh of an ox or a sheep; POPE'S'-HEAD, a long-handled brush; POPE'S'-NOSE, the fleshy part of a bird's tail.--_adj._ POP'ISH, relating to the pope or to popery: taught by popery.--_adv._ POP'ISHLY.--POPE JOAN, -a game at cards in which the eight of diamonds is removed. [A.S. _pápa_--L. +a game at cards in which the eight of diamonds is removed. [A.S. _pápa_--L. _papa_, a father.] POPE, p[=o]p, _n._ a kind of perch. [Ety. obscure.] @@ -17953,7 +17922,7 @@ PORPENTINE, por'pen-t[=i]n, _n._ (_Shak._) a porcupine. PORPESS, PORPESSE, por'pes, _n._ Same as PORPOISE. -PORPHYRIO, por-fir'i-[=o], _n._ a genus of _Rallidæ_, the hyacinthine +PORPHYRIO, por-fir'i-[=o], _n._ a genus of _Rallidæ_, the hyacinthine gallinules. PORPHYROGENITUS, por-fir-[=o]-jen'i-tus, _n._ a title given to the @@ -17972,7 +17941,7 @@ PORPHYR[=A]'CEOUS, resembling or consisting of porphyry.--_n._ POR'PHYROID, a crystalline and schistose rock containing porphyritic crystals of feldspar. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _porphyrites_--_porphyra_, purple.] -PORPOISE, por'pus, _n._ a genus of Cetecea in the family _Delphinidæ_, 4 to +PORPOISE, por'pus, _n._ a genus of Cetecea in the family _Delphinidæ_, 4 to 8 feet long, gregarious, affording oil and leather--anciently POR'PESS. [O. Fr. _porpeis_--L. _porcus_, a hog, _piscis_, a fish.] @@ -18012,7 +17981,7 @@ carrying: carriage: price of carriage: a space between two rivers, canals, carriage, bearing.--_adjs._ POR'T[=A]TE (_her._), in a position as if being carried; POR'TATILE, portable; POR'TATIVE, easily carried.--_ns._ PORT'-CRAY'ON, a metallic handle for holding a crayon; PORTE'-BONHEUR', a -charm carried for luck; PORTE'-COCHÈRE, a carriage entrance leading from +charm carried for luck; PORTE'-COCHÈRE, a carriage entrance leading from the street into a building; PORTE'-MON'NAIE, a small clasped pocket-book for holding money; PORT'-FIRE, a slow-match or match-cord. [Fr.,--L. _port[=a]re_, to carry.] @@ -18087,7 +18056,7 @@ of a building: a colonnade: a porch before the entrance to a building: the Stoic philosophy:--_pl._ POR'TICOES, POR'TICOS.--_adj._ POR'TICOED, furnished with a portico. [It.,--L. _porticus_, a porch.] -PORTIÈRE, por-ty[=a]r', _n._ a curtain hung over the door or doorway of a +PORTIÈRE, por-ty[=a]r', _n._ a curtain hung over the door or doorway of a room. [Fr.] PORTIFORIUM, p[=o]r-ti-f[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a breviary:--_pl._ @@ -18136,14 +18105,14 @@ suppressing the peculiarities of individual members. [O. Fr. _portrait_, _portraire_--L. _pro_, forth, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] PORTREEVE, p[=o]rt'r[=e]v, _n._ once the name of the principal magistrate -in a port-town, esp. in London. [A.S. _portgeréfa_--_port_, a port, -_geréfa_, a reeve.] +in a port-town, esp. in London. [A.S. _portgeréfa_--_port_, a port, +_geréfa_, a reeve.] PORTUGUESE, p[=o]r't[=u]-g[=e]z, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Portugal_ or to its inhabitants.--_n._ the people, a single inhabitant, or the language of Portugal.--PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR, a species of _Physalia_. -PORTULACEÆ, p[=o]r-t[=u]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of +PORTULACEÆ, p[=o]r-t[=u]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of exogenous plants, shrubby or herbaceous, generally succulent, mostly growing in dry places. [L. _portulaca_, purslane.] @@ -18152,7 +18121,7 @@ or crake. POS, poz, _adj._ (_slang_) an abbreviation of _positive_. -POSADA, p[=o]-sä'dä, _n._ an inn. [Sp.,--_posar_, to lodge.] +POSADA, p[=o]-sä'dä, _n._ an inn. [Sp.,--_posar_, to lodge.] POSAUNE, p[=o]-zow'ne, _n._ the trombone. [Ger.] @@ -18168,7 +18137,7 @@ stand.--_ns._ P[=O]'SER, one who, or that which, poses: a difficult question; P[=O]'SING.--_adv._ P[=O]'SINGLY. [M. E. _apposen_, a corr. of _oppose_, which in the schools meant to 'argue against.'] -POSÉ, po-z[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) standing still. +POSÉ, po-z[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) standing still. POSITION, po-zish'un, _n._ place, situation: attitude: a place taken or to be taken by troops: state of affairs: the ground taken in argument or in a @@ -18307,7 +18276,7 @@ believes in post-millennialism.--_adj._ POST'-MILLENN'IAL.--_n._ POST'-MILLENN'IALISM, the doctrine that the second coming of Christ will follow the millennium.--_adj._ POST'-MOR'TEM, after death.--_n._ a post-mortem examination.--_adjs._ POST'-N[=A]'TAL, after birth; -POST'-N[=I]'CENE, after the first general council at _Nicæa_ in 325 +POST'-N[=I]'CENE, after the first general council at _Nicæa_ in 325 A.D.--_n._ POST'-NOTE, a note issued by a bank, payable at some future time.--_adj._ POST'-NUP'TIAL, being or happening after marriage.--_ns._ POST'-[=O]'BIT, a bond or security given by heirs and others entitled to @@ -18492,8 +18461,8 @@ the power of doing work possessed by a body in virtue of the stresses which result from its position relatively to other bodies. [L. _potens_--_potis_, able, _esse_, to be.] -POTENTILLA, p[=o]-ten-til'ä, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order -_Rosaceæ_, differing from _Fragaria_ (strawberry) in the fruit having a dry +POTENTILLA, p[=o]-ten-til'ä, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order +_Rosaceæ_, differing from _Fragaria_ (strawberry) in the fruit having a dry instead of a succulent receptacle--well-known varieties are _silver-weed_ and _wild strawberry_. @@ -18628,7 +18597,7 @@ W. _bwrw_, to throw, Gael. _purr_, to push.] POURBOIRE, p[=oo]r-bwor', _n._ drink-money: a bribe. [Fr. _pour_, for, _boire_, to drink.] -POURPARLER, p[=oo]r-pär'l[=a], _n._ a conference to arrange for some +POURPARLER, p[=oo]r-pär'l[=a], _n._ a conference to arrange for some important transaction, as the formation of a treaty. [Fr. _pour_=L. _pro_, before, _parler_, to speak.] @@ -18641,7 +18610,7 @@ POURTRAY. Same as PORTRAY. POUSSE, pows, _n._ (_Spens._) pulse, pease. [_Pulse_ or _pease_.] -POUSSE-CAFÉ, p[=oo]s'-ka-f[=a]', _n._ a cordial served after coffee. +POUSSE-CAFÉ, p[=oo]s'-ka-f[=a]', _n._ a cordial served after coffee. POUSSETTE, p[=oo]s-set', _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to waltz round each other, as two couples in a contra-dance. [Fr. _poussette_, _pouser_, to push.] @@ -18656,7 +18625,7 @@ _bouder_, to pout; W. _pwdu_, pout.] POVERTY, pov'[.e]r-ti, _n._ the state of being poor: necessity: want: meanness: defect.--_adjs._ POV'ERTY-STRICK'EN, POV'ERTY-STRUCK, reduced to a state of poverty: in great suffering from poverty. [O. Fr. _poverte_ (Fr. -_pauvreté_)--L. _paupertas_, _-tatis_--_pauper_, poor.] +_pauvreté_)--L. _paupertas_, _-tatis_--_pauper_, poor.] POWAN, pow'an, _n._ (_Scot._) the pollan, vendace, or Coregonus. @@ -18744,32 +18713,32 @@ PRACTIVE, prak'tiv, _adj._ directly tending towards action. PRAD, prad, _n._ a horse in thieves' cant. -PRÆ-. See PRE-. +PRÆ-. See PRE-. -PRÆMUNIRE, PREMUNIRE, pr[=e]-m[=u]-n[=i]'re, _n._ the offence of disregard +PRÆMUNIRE, PREMUNIRE, pr[=e]-m[=u]-n[=i]'re, _n._ the offence of disregard or contempt of the king and his government, especially the offence of introducing papal or other foreign authority into England: the writ founded on such an offence: the penalty incurred by the offence. [A corr. of L. -_præmon[=e]re_, to cite.] +_præmon[=e]re_, to cite.] -PRÆNOMEN, pr[=e]-n[=o]'men, _n._ the name prefixed to the family name in -ancient Rome, as _Caius_ in Caius Julius Cæsar: the generic name in zoology +PRÆNOMEN, pr[=e]-n[=o]'men, _n._ the name prefixed to the family name in +ancient Rome, as _Caius_ in Caius Julius Cæsar: the generic name in zoology put before the specific name. -PRÆTEXTA, pr[=e]-teks'ta, _n._ the outer garment, bordered with purple, +PRÆTEXTA, pr[=e]-teks'ta, _n._ the outer garment, bordered with purple, worn at Rome by the higher magistrates and by free-born children till they -assumed the _toga virilis_. [L., _prætex[)e]re_, to fringe.] +assumed the _toga virilis_. [L., _prætex[)e]re_, to fringe.] -PRÆTOR, PRETOR, pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome, next in rank -to the consuls.--_adjs._ PRÆT[=O]'RIAL, PRET[=O]'RIAL, PRÆT[=O]'RIAN, -PRET[=O]'RIAN, pertaining to a prætor or magistrate: authorised or -exercised by the prætor: judicial.--_ns._ PRÆT[=O]'RIUM, PRET[=O]'RIUM, the -official residence of the Roman prætor, proconsul, or governor in a +PRÆTOR, PRETOR, pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome, next in rank +to the consuls.--_adjs._ PRÆT[=O]'RIAL, PRET[=O]'RIAL, PRÆT[=O]'RIAN, +PRET[=O]'RIAN, pertaining to a prætor or magistrate: authorised or +exercised by the prætor: judicial.--_ns._ PRÆT[=O]'RIUM, PRET[=O]'RIUM, the +official residence of the Roman prætor, proconsul, or governor in a province: the general's tent in a camp: the council of officers who -attended the general and met in his tent; PRÆ'TORSHIP.--PRÆTORIAN BAND OF -GUARD, the bodyguard of the Roman Emperor; PRÆTORIAN GATE, the gate of a +attended the general and met in his tent; PRÆ'TORSHIP.--PRÆTORIAN BAND OF +GUARD, the bodyguard of the Roman Emperor; PRÆTORIAN GATE, the gate of a Roman camp directly in front of the general's tent, and nearest to the -enemy. [L. _prætor_, for _præitor_--_præ_, before, _[=i]re_, _itum_, to +enemy. [L. _prætor_, for _præitor_--_præ_, before, _[=i]re_, _itum_, to go.] PRAGMATIC, -AL, prag-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ of or pertaining to public @@ -18801,12 +18770,12 @@ glorify, as in worship.--_n._ PRAIS'ER, one who praises.--_adv._ PRAISE'WORTHILY.--_n._ PRAISE'WORTHINESS.--_adj._ PRAISE'WORTHY, worthy of praise: commendable. [O. Fr. _preis_ (Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.] -PRÂKRIT, prä'krit, _n._ the collective name of those languages or dialects +PRÂKRIT, prä'krit, _n._ the collective name of those languages or dialects which are immediately derived from, or stand in an immediate relation to, -Sanskrit.--_adj._ PRÂKRIT'IC. [Sans. _pr[=a]krita_, the +Sanskrit.--_adj._ PRÂKRIT'IC. [Sans. _pr[=a]krita_, the natural--_prakriti_, nature.] -PRAM, präm, _n._ a flat-bottomed Dutch lighter: a barge fitted as a +PRAM, präm, _n._ a flat-bottomed Dutch lighter: a barge fitted as a floating battery. [Dut. _praam_.] PRAM, pram, _n._ a vulgar abbrev. of _perambulator_. @@ -18887,7 +18856,7 @@ discourse: a sermon; PREACH'ING-CROSS, a cross in an open place at which monks, &c., preached.--_n.pl._ PREACH'ING-FR[=I]'ARS, the Dominicans.--_n._ PREACH'MENT, a sermon, in contempt: a discourse affectedly solemn.--_adj._ PREACH'Y, given to tedious moralising.--PREACH DOWN, and UP, to decry, or -the opposite. [Fr. _prêcher_ (It. _predicare_)--L. _prædic[=a]re_, +the opposite. [Fr. _prêcher_ (It. _predicare_)--L. _prædic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.] PREACQUAINT, pr[=e]-ak-kw[=a]nt', _v.t._ to acquaint beforehand.--_n._ @@ -18910,7 +18879,7 @@ PREADVERTISE, pr[=e]-ad-v[.e]r-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. PREAMBLE, pr[=e]-am'bl, _n._ preface: introduction, esp. that of an Act of Parliament, giving its reasons and purpose.--_adj._ PREAM'BULARY. [Fr. -_préambule_--L. _præ,_ before, _ambul[=a]re_, to go.] +_préambule_--L. _præ,_ before, _ambul[=a]re_, to go.] PREANNOUNCE, pr[=e]-an-nowns', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. @@ -18932,8 +18901,8 @@ PREBEND, preb'end, _n._ the share of the revenues of a cathedral or collegiate church allowed to a clergyman who officiates in it at stated times.--_adj._ PREB'ENDAL, relating to a prebend.--_ns._ PREB'ENDARY, a resident clergyman who enjoys a prebend, a canon: the honorary holder of a -disendowed prebendal stall; PREB'ENDARYSHIP. [L. _præbenda_, a payment from -a public source--_præb[=e]re_, to allow.] +disendowed prebendal stall; PREB'ENDARYSHIP. [L. _præbenda_, a payment from +a public source--_præb[=e]re_, to allow.] PRECARIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ uncertain, because depending upon the will of another: held by a doubtful tenure: depending on chance: @@ -18947,11 +18916,11 @@ PRECAUTION, pr[=e]-kaw'shun, _n._ caution or care beforehand: a preventive measure: something done beforehand to ward off evil or secure good.--_v.t._ to warn or advise beforehand.--_adjs._ PRECAU'TIONAL, PRECAU'TIONARY, containing or proceeding from precaution: taking precaution. [Fr.,--L. -_præ_, before, _cav[=e]re_, to be careful.] +_præ_, before, _cav[=e]re_, to be careful.] PRECEDE, pre-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to go before in time, rank, or -importance.--_v.i._ to be before in time, or place. [Fr. _précéder_--L. -_præced[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _ced[)e]re_, go.] +importance.--_v.i._ to be before in time, or place. [Fr. _précéder_--L. +_præced[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _ced[)e]re_, go.] PRECEDENCE, pr[=e]-s[=e]'dens, _n._ the act of going before in time: priority: the state of being before in rank: the place of honour: the @@ -18965,11 +18934,11 @@ before in time, rank, &c.: antecedent: previous: former.--ORDER OF PRECEDENCE, the rules which fix the places of persons at a ceremony; PATENT OF PRECEDENCE, a royal grant giving to certain barristers right of superior rank; TAKE PRECEDENCE OF, to have a right to a more honourable place. -[Fr.,--L. _præcedens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _præced[)e]re_, to go before.] +[Fr.,--L. _præcedens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _præced[)e]re_, to go before.] PRECENTOR, pre-sen'tor, _n._ he that leads in music: the leader of a choir in a cathedral, &c.: the leader of the psalmody in Scotch churches.--_n._ -PRECEN'TORSHIP. [L. _præ_, before, _cantor_, a singer.] +PRECEN'TORSHIP. [L. _præ_, before, _cantor_, a singer.] PRECEPT, pr[=e]'sept, _n._ rule of action: a commandment: principle, or maxim: (_law_) the written warrant of a magistrate: a mandate.--_adj._ @@ -18979,8 +18948,8 @@ moral conduct: didactic.--_n._ PRECEP'TOR, one who delivers precepts: a teacher: an instructor: the head of a school: the head of a preceptory of Knights Templars:--_fem._ PRECEP'TRESS.--_adjs._ PRECEPT[=O]'RIAL; PRECEP'TORY, giving precepts.--_n._ a religious house or college of the -Knights Templars. [Fr.,--L. _præceptum_--_præcip[)e]re_, to take -beforehand--_præ_, before, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] +Knights Templars. [Fr.,--L. _præceptum_--_præcip[)e]re_, to take +beforehand--_præ_, before, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] PRECES, pr[=e]'sez, _n.pl._ the alternate responsive petitions, as the versicles and suffrages, between the clergyman and the congregation in @@ -18997,7 +18966,7 @@ PRECHRISTIAN, pr[=e]-krist'yan, _adj._ existing before the Christian era. PRECINCT, pr[=e]'singkt, _n._ limit or boundary of a place: a district or division within certain boundaries: limit of jurisdiction or authority. [L. -_præcinctus_, pa.p. of _præcing[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cing[)e]re_, to +_præcinctus_, pa.p. of _præcing[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cing[)e]re_, to gird.] PRECIOUS, presh'us, _adj._ of great price or worth: costly: highly @@ -19007,12 +18976,12 @@ extremely.--_n._ PRECIOS'ITY, fastidiousness, affected overrefinement.--_adv._ PREC'IOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC'IOUS-MET'AL, a metal of great value, as gold or silver; PREC'IOUSNESS; PREC'IOUS-STONE, a stone of value and beauty for ornamentation: a gem or jewel. [O. Fr. _precios_ (Fr. -_précieux_)--L. _pretiosus_--_pretium_, price.] +_précieux_)--L. _pretiosus_--_pretium_, price.] PRECIPICE, pres'i-pis, _n._ a very steep place: any steep descent: a perpendicular bank or cliff.--_adj._ PRECIP'ITOUS, like a precipice: very steep: hasty: rash.--_adv._ PRECIP'ITOUSLY.--_n._ PRECIP'ITOUSNESS. -[Fr.,--L. _præcipitium_--_præceps_, _præcipitis_, headlong--_præ_, before, +[Fr.,--L. _præcipitium_--_præceps_, _præcipitis_, headlong--_præ_, before, _caput_, _capitis_, the head.] PRECIPITATE, pr[=e]-sip'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to throw head-foremost: to urge @@ -19034,9 +19003,9 @@ from another in solution, and fall to the bottom.--_adj._ PRECIP'IT[=A]TIVE.--_n._ PRECIPIT[=A]'TOR, one who, or that which, precipitates or causes precipitation.--PRECIPITATE OINTMENT is of two kinds, _red_ and _white_--the former containing red oxide of mercury, the -latter ammoniated mercury. [L. _præcipit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præceps_.] +latter ammoniated mercury. [L. _præcipit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præceps_.] -PRÉCIS, pr[=a]-s[=e]', _n._ a precise or abridged statement: an abstract: +PRÉCIS, pr[=a]-s[=e]', _n._ a precise or abridged statement: an abstract: summary. [Fr.] PRECISE, pr[=e]-s[=i]s', _adj._ definite: exact: not vague: just of the @@ -19045,8 +19014,8 @@ punctilious, prim.--_adv._ PRECISE'LY.--_ns._ PRECISE'NESS; PRECI'SIAN, an over-precise person: a formalist: a puritan; PRECI'SIANISM; PRECI'SIANIST, PRECI'SIONIST, a precisian; PRECI'SION, quality of being precise: exactness: accuracy.--_v.t._ PRECI'SIONISE, to make precise.--_adj._ -PREC[=I]'SIVE, cutting off: pertaining to precision. [Fr. _précis_--L. -_præcisus_, pa.p. of _præcid[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.] +PREC[=I]'SIVE, cutting off: pertaining to precision. [Fr. _précis_--L. +_præcisus_, pa.p. of _præcid[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _cæd[)e]re_, to cut.] PRECLASSICAL, pr[=e]-klas'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the classical time or usage. @@ -19055,14 +19024,14 @@ PRECLUDE, pr[=e]-klud', _v.t._ to shut out beforehand: to hinder by anticipation: to keep back: to prevent from taking place.--_n._ PRECL[=U]'SION, act of precluding or hindering: state of being precluded.--_adj._ PRECL[=U]'SIVE, tending to preclude: hindering -beforehand.--_adv._ PRECL[=U]'SIVELY. [L. _præclud[)e]re_, -_-clusum_--_præ_, before, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.] +beforehand.--_adv._ PRECL[=U]'SIVELY. [L. _præclud[)e]re_, +_-clusum_--_præ_, before, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.] PRECOCIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=o]'shus, _adj._ having the mind developed very early, or too early: premature: forward: (_bot._) appearing before the leaves.--_adv._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSNESS, PRECOC'ITY, state or quality of being precocious: too early ripeness of the mind. [L. -_præcox_, _præcocis_--_præ_, before, _coqu[)e]re_, to cook.] +_præcox_, _præcocis_--_præ_, before, _coqu[)e]re_, to cook.] PRECOGNITION, pr[=e]-kog-nish'un, _n._ cognition, knowledge, or examination beforehand: (_Scots law_) an examination of witnesses as to whether there @@ -19090,7 +19059,7 @@ anticipation.--_n._ PRECONFOR'MITY. PRECONISE, pr[=e]'kon-[=i]z, _v.t._ to call upon or summon publicly: to confirm officially, of the pope.--_n._ PRECONIS[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. -_præco_, a herald.] +_præco_, a herald.] PRECONSCIOUS, pr[=e]-kon'shus, _adj._ pertaining to a state prior to consciousness. @@ -19111,7 +19080,7 @@ previously.--_n._ PRECON'TRACT, a previous contract or betrothal. PRECONTRIVE, pr[=e]-kon-tr[=i]v', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to contrive beforehand. -PRECORDIAL, PRÆCORDIAL, pr[=e]-kor'di-al, _adj._ situated in front of the +PRECORDIAL, PRÆCORDIAL, pr[=e]-kor'di-al, _adj._ situated in front of the heart. PRECOURSE, pr[=e]-k[=o]rs', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. @@ -19119,21 +19088,21 @@ PRECOURSE, pr[=e]-k[=o]rs', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. PRECRITICAL, pr[=e]-krit'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the critical philosophy of Kant. -PRECULAR, prek'[=u]-lär, _n._ a beadsman. +PRECULAR, prek'[=u]-lär, _n._ a beadsman. PRECURRENT, pr[=e]-kur'ent, _adj._ running forward: antrorse--opp. to _Recurrent_.--_ns._ PRECURR'ER (_Shak._), a forerunner; PRECURSE' (_Shak._), a prognostication.--_adj._ PRECUR'SIVE, anticipatory.--_n._ PRECUR'SOR, a forerunner: one who, or that which, indicates the approach of an event.--_adj._ PRECUR'SORY, forerunning: indicating something to follow. -[L.,--_præ_, before, _cursor_--_curr[)e]re_, to run.] +[L.,--_præ_, before, _cursor_--_curr[)e]re_, to run.] PREDACEOUS, pr[=e]-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ living by prey: predatory.--_adj._ PRED'ABLE, raptorial.--_n._ PRED[=A]'CEAN, a carnivorous animal.--_adj._ PR[=E]'DAL, pertaining to prey: plundering.--_n._ PRED[=A]'TION, the act of plundering.--_adv._ PRED'ATORILY, plunderingly.--_n._ PRED'ATORINESS, inclination to plunder.--_adj._ PRED'ATORY, plundering: characterised by -plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. _præda_, booty.] +plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. _præda_, booty.] PREDATE, pr[=e]-d[=a]t', _v.t._ to date before the true date: to date by anticipation: to be earlier than. @@ -19143,7 +19112,7 @@ something else.--_v.t._ to die before. PREDECESSOR, pr[=e]-d[=e]-ses'or, _n._ one who has been before another in any office.--_v.t._ PREDECESS' (_rare_), to precede.--_adj._ PREDECES'SIVE. -[L. _præ_, before, _decessor_, a retiring officer, _deced[)e]re_, +[L. _præ_, before, _decessor_, a retiring officer, _deced[)e]re_, _decessum_, to withdraw--_de_, away, _ced[)e]re_.] PREDECLARE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-kl[=a]r', _v.t._ to declare beforehand. @@ -19182,7 +19151,7 @@ predetermined; PREDETER'MINISM, determinism. PREDEVOTE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-v[=o]t', _adj._ foreordained. PREDIAL, pr[=e]'di-al, _adj._ consisting of land or farms: connected with -land: growing from land. [Fr. _prédial_--L. _prædium_, an estate.] +land: growing from land. [Fr. _prédial_--L. _prædium_, an estate.] PREDICABLE, pred'i-ka-bl, _adj._ that may be predicated or affirmed of something: attributable.--_n._ anything that can be predicated of another, @@ -19203,20 +19172,20 @@ to base on certain grounds.--_n._ (_logic_ and _gram._) that which is stated of the subject.--_n._ PREDIC[=A]'TION, act of predicating: assertion: affirmation.--_adj._ PREDIC[=A]'TIVE, expressing predication or affirmation: affirming: asserting.--_adv._ PRED'IC[=A]TIVELY.--_adj._ -PRED'IC[=A]TORY, affirmative. [L. _prædic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.] +PRED'IC[=A]TORY, affirmative. [L. _prædic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.] PREDICT, pr[=e]-dikt', _v.t._ to declare or tell beforehand: to prophesy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TABLE.--_n._ PREDIC'TION, act of predicting: that which is predicted or foretold: prophecy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TIVE, foretelling: -prophetic.--_n._ PREDIC'TOR. [L. _prædictus_, pa.p. of -_prædic[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.] +prophetic.--_n._ PREDIC'TOR. [L. _prædictus_, pa.p. of +_prædic[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.] PREDIGEST, pr[=e]-di-jest', _v.t._ to digest artificially before introducing into the body.--_n._ PREDIGES'TION. PREDILECTION, pr[=e]-di-lek'shun, _n._ a choosing beforehand: favourable prepossession of mind: partiality.--_v.t._ PREDILECT', to prefer. [L. -_præ_, before, _dilectio_, _-onis_, choice--_dilig[)e]re_, _dilectum_, to +_præ_, before, _dilectio_, _-onis_, choice--_dilig[)e]re_, _dilectum_, to love--_dis_, apart, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.] PREDISCOVER, pr[=e]-dis-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to discover beforehand.--_n._ @@ -19261,12 +19230,12 @@ PRE-EMPLOY, pr[=e]-em-ploi', _v.t._ to employ beforehand. PRE-EMPTION, pr[=e]-em'shun, _n._ act or right of purchasing before others.--_v.t._ PR[=E]-EMPT' (_U.S._), to secure, as land, by the right of pre-emption.--_adjs._ PR[=E]-EMPT'IBLE; PR[=E]-EMPT'IVE.--_n._ -PR[=E]-EMPT'OR. [L. _præ_, before, _emptio_, a buying--_em[)e]re_, to buy.] +PR[=E]-EMPT'OR. [L. _præ_, before, _emptio_, a buying--_em[)e]re_, to buy.] PREEN, pr[=e]n, _v.t._ to compose and arrange as birds do their feathers. [_Prune_ (v.).] -PREEN, pr[=e]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a pin.--_v.t._ to fasten. [A.S. _preón_, a +PREEN, pr[=e]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a pin.--_v.t._ to fasten. [A.S. _preón_, a pin.] PRE-ENGAGE, pr[=e]-en-g[=a]j', _v.t._ to establish beforehand.--_n._ @@ -19293,14 +19262,14 @@ before: the introduction to a book, &c.: the ascription of glory, &c., in the liturgy of consecration of the eucharist: a title or epithet.--_v.t._ to introduce with a preface.--_adj._ PREFAT[=O]'RIAL, serving as a preface or introduction.--_adv._ PREF'ATORILY.--_adj._ PREF'ATORY, pertaining to a -preface: serving as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. _préface_--L. -_præfatio_--_præ_, before, _f[=a]ri_, _fatus_, to speak.] +preface: serving as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. _préface_--L. +_præfatio_--_præ_, before, _f[=a]ri_, _fatus_, to speak.] PREFECT, pr[=e]'fekt, _n._ one placed in authority over others: a commander: the administrative head of a modern French department.--_ns._ PR[=E]'FECTSHIP, his office or jurisdiction; PR[=E]'FECTURE, the office or -district of a prefect: the house occupied by a prefect. [Fr. _préfet_--L. -_præfectus_, pa.p. of _præfic[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] +district of a prefect: the house occupied by a prefect. [Fr. _préfet_--L. +_præfectus_, pa.p. of _præfic[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] PREFER, pr[=e]-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to esteem above another: to regard or hold in higher estimation: to choose or select before others: to promote: to @@ -19316,7 +19285,7 @@ PREFER'MENT, the act of preferring: the state of being preferred or advanced: advancement to a higher position: promotion: superior place, esp. in the church; PREFER'RER, one who prefers.--PREFERENCE SHARES, or STOCK, shares or stock on which the dividends must be paid before those on other -kinds. [Fr. _préférer_--L. _præferre_--_præ_, before, _ferre_, to bear.] +kinds. [Fr. _préférer_--L. _præferre_--_præ_, before, _ferre_, to bear.] PREFIGURE, pr[=e]-fig'[=u]r, _v.t._ to represent beforehand: to suggest by former types or figures.--_ns._ PREFIGUR[=A]'TION, PREFIG'UREMENT.--_adj._ @@ -19344,7 +19313,7 @@ PREGNANT, preg'nant, _adj._ being with child or young: fruitful: abounding with results: full of meaning: implying more than is actually expressed: ready-witted: clever: ingenious: full of promise: free: evident: clear.--_n._ PREG'NANCY, state of being pregnant: fertility: unusual -capacity.--_adv._ PREG'NANTLY. [O. Fr.--L. _prægnans_, _-antis_.] +capacity.--_adv._ PREG'NANTLY. [O. Fr.--L. _prægnans_, _-antis_.] PREHALLUX, pr[=e]-hal'uks, _n._ a cartilaginous spur on the inner side of the foot in some batrachians. @@ -19379,7 +19348,7 @@ whole case: to condemn unheard.--_n._ PREJUDG'MENT.--_adj._ PREJUDICAL matter.--_v.t._ PREJUDIC[=A]TE (-j[=oo]d'-), to judge beforehand: to prejudge.--_v.i._ to decide without examination.--_n._ PREJUDIC[=A]'TION (-j[=oo]d-).--_adj._ PREJUDIC[=A]TIVE (-j[=oo]d'-), forming a judgment or -opinion beforehand. [L. _præjudic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præ_, before, +opinion beforehand. [L. _præjudic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_præ_, before, _judic[=a]re_, to judge.] PREJUDICE, prej'[=u]-dis, _n._ a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or @@ -19389,7 +19358,7 @@ mischief.--_v.t._ to fill with prejudice: to cause a prejudice against: to prepossess: to bias the mind of: to injure or hurt.--_adj._ PREJUDI'CIAL, causing prejudice or injury: disadvantageous: injurious: mischievous: tending to obstruct.--_adv._ PREJUDI'CIALLY.--_n._ PREJUDI'CIALNESS. [O. -Fr.,--L. _præjudicium_--_præ_, before, _judicium_, judgment.] +Fr.,--L. _præjudicium_--_præ_, before, _judicium_, judgment.] PREKNOWLEDGE, pr[=e]-nol'ej, _n._ prior knowledge. @@ -19402,20 +19371,20 @@ PREL'ATESHIP.--_adjs._ PRELAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to prelates or prelacy.--_adv._ PRELAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ PREL'ATISE, to make or to become prelatical.--_ns._ PREL'ATISM, PREL'ATURE, prelacy: the time during which a prelate exercises authority; PREL'ATIST, an upholder of -prelacy. [Fr. _prélat_--L. _prelatus_--_præ_, before, _latus_, borne.] +prelacy. [Fr. _prélat_--L. _prelatus_--_præ_, before, _latus_, borne.] PRELECT, pr[=e]-lekt', _v.i._ to read before or in presence of others: to read a discourse: to lecture.--_ns._ PRELEC'TION, a lecture or discourse read to others; PRELEC'TOR, one who prelects: a lecturer. [L. -_præleg[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _leg[)e]re_, _lectum_, to read.] +_præleg[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _leg[)e]re_, _lectum_, to read.] PRELIBATION, pr[=e]-l[=i]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ a tasting beforehand, foretaste. -[L. _prælibatio_--_præ_, before, _lib[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to taste.] +[L. _prælibatio_--_præ_, before, _lib[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to taste.] PRELIMINARY, pr[=e]-lim'in-ar-i, _adj._ introductory: preparatory: preceding or preparing for the main discourse or business.--_n._ that which precedes: introduction--used mostly in _pl._--_adv._ PRELIM'INARILY. [L. -_præ_, before, _liminaris_, relating to a threshold--_limen_, _liminis_, a +_præ_, before, _liminaris_, relating to a threshold--_limen_, _liminis_, a threshold.] PRELINGUAL, pr[=e]-ling'gwal, _adj._ prior to language. @@ -19427,7 +19396,7 @@ before: to preface, as an introduction.--_v.i._ to perform a prelude: to serve as a prelude.--_adjs._ PREL[=U]'DIAL and PREL[=U]'DIOUS (_rare_); PREL[=U]'SIVE, of the nature of a prelude: introductory.--_advs._ PREL[=U]'SIVELY; PREL[=U]'SORILY.--_adj._ PREL[=U]'SORY, introductory. -[Fr.,--Late L. _præludium_--L. _præ_, before, _lud[)e]re_, to play.] +[Fr.,--Late L. _præludium_--L. _præ_, before, _lud[)e]re_, to play.] PREMANDIBULAR, pr[=e]-man-dib'[=u]-lar, _adj._ in front of the lower jaw, as a bone of some reptiles. @@ -19435,7 +19404,7 @@ as a bone of some reptiles. PREMATURE, pr[=e]-ma-t[=u]r', _adj._ mature before the proper time: happening before the proper time: too soon believed: unauthenticated (as a report).--_adv._ PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'LY.--_ns._ PREMAT[=U]R'ITY, -PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'NESS. [L. _præmaturus_--_præ_, before, _maturus_, ripe.] +PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'NESS. [L. _præmaturus_--_præ_, before, _maturus_, ripe.] PREMAXILLARY, pr[=e]-mak'si-l[=a]-ri, _adj._ in front of the maxilla.--_n._ such a bone. @@ -19443,12 +19412,12 @@ such a bone. PREMEDITATE, pr[=e]-med'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to meditate upon beforehand: to design previously.--_v.i._ to deliberate beforehand.--_adv._ PREMED'IT[=A]TEDLY.--_n._ PREMEDIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREMED'IT[=A]TIVE. -[L., _præmedit[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, before, _medit[=a]ri_, to +[L., _præmedit[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, before, _medit[=a]ri_, to meditate.] PREMIER, pr[=e]'mi-[.e]r, _adj._ prime or first: chief: (_her._) most ancient.--_n._ the first or chief: the prime-minister.--_v.i._ to govern as -premier.--_adj._ and _n._ PREMIÈRE (pre-my[=a]r'), first or leading +premier.--_adj._ and _n._ PREMIÈRE (pre-my[=a]r'), first or leading actress, dancer, forewoman, &c.--_n._ PR[=E]'MIERSHIP. [Fr.,--L. _primarius_, of the first rank--_primus_, first.] @@ -19465,14 +19434,14 @@ deed.--_n.pl._ PREM'ISES, a building and its adjuncts. PREMISE, pr[=e]-m[=i]z', _v.t._ to send or state before the rest: to make an introduction: to lay down propositions for subsequent reasonings. -[Fr.,--L. (_sententia_) _præmissa_, (a sentence) put before--_præ_, before, +[Fr.,--L. (_sententia_) _præmissa_, (a sentence) put before--_præ_, before, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.] PREMIUM, pr[=e]'mi-um, _n._ a reward: a prize: a bounty: payment made for insurance: the difference in value above the original price or par of stock--opp. to _Discount_: anything offered as an incentive.--_adjs._ PR[=E]'MIAL, PR[=E]'MIANT.--_v.t._ PR[=E]'MIATE, to reward with a -premium.--AT A PREMIUM, above par (see PAR). [L. _præmium_--_præ_, above, +premium.--AT A PREMIUM, above par (see PAR). [L. _præmium_--_præ_, above, _em[)e]re_, to buy.] PREMOLAR, pr[=e]-m[=o]'lar, _adj._ before a molar, in place or time, @@ -19488,12 +19457,12 @@ form through O. Fr., from L. _mon[=e]re_, to warn.] PREMONSTRANT, pr[=e]-mon'strant, _n._ a member of an order of regular canons founded by St Norbert, in 1119, at a place in the forest of Coucy (near Laon in the dep. of Aisne), pointed out in a vision, and thence -called Prémontré (L. _Pratum monstratum_=the meadow pointed out)--called +called Prémontré (L. _Pratum monstratum_=the meadow pointed out)--called also Norbertines, and in England, from their habit, White Canons.--Also PREMONSTRATEN'SIAN (_n._ and _adj._). PREMORSE, pr[=e]-mors', _adj._ ending abruptly, as if bitten off. [L. -_præmord[=e]re_, _præmorsum_, to bite in front.] +_præmord[=e]re_, _præmorsum_, to bite in front.] PREMOSAIC, pr[=e]-m[=o]-z[=a]'ik, _adj._ before the time of _Moses_. @@ -19549,7 +19518,7 @@ provide: to equip.--_v.i._ to get one's self ready: to put everything in proper order: to lead up to.--_n._ (_Shak._) preparation.--_adj._ PREPARED', made ready, fit, or suitable: ready.--_adv._ PREP[=A]'REDLY.--_ns._ PREP[=A]'REDNESS; PREP[=A]'RER. [Fr.,--L. -_præpar[=a]re_--_præ_, before, _par[=a]re_, to make ready.] +_præpar[=a]re_--_præ_, before, _par[=a]re_, to make ready.] PREPAY, pr[=e]-p[=a]', _v.t._ to pay before or in advance.--_n._ PREPAY'MENT. @@ -19557,7 +19526,7 @@ PREPAY'MENT. PREPENSE, pr[=e]-pens', _adj._ premeditated: intentional, chiefly in the phrase 'malice prepense'=malice aforethought or intentional--(_obs._) PREPEN'SIVE.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to consider or deliberate -beforehand.--_adv._ PREPENSE'LY, intentionally. [Fr.,--L. _præ_, before, +beforehand.--_adv._ PREPENSE'LY, intentionally. [Fr.,--L. _præ_, before, _pens[=a]re_--_pend[)e]re_, _pensum_, to weigh.] PREPOLLENCE, pr[=e]-pol'ens, _n._ prevalence--also PREPOLL'ENCY.--_adj._ @@ -19568,7 +19537,7 @@ one side: to exceed in power or influence.--_ns._ PREPON'DERANCE, PREPON'DERANCY, PREPONDER[=A]'TION, power or state of outweighing: excess of weight, number, or quantity: predominance.--_adj._ PREPON'DERANT, outweighing: superior in weight, power, or influence.--_advs._ -PREPON'DERANTLY, PREPONDER[=A]'TINGLY. [L. _præ_, before, _ponder[=a]re_, +PREPON'DERANTLY, PREPONDER[=A]'TINGLY. [L. _præ_, before, _ponder[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to weigh--_pondus_, a weight.] PREPOSITION, prep-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a word placed before a noun or pronoun @@ -19576,7 +19545,7 @@ to show its relation to some other word of the sentence.--_adj._ PREPOSI'TIONAL.--_adv._ PREPOSI'TIONALLY.--_adj._ PREPOSI'TIVE, put before: prefixed.--_n._ a word or particle put before another word--opp. to _Post-positive_.--_n._ PREPOS'ITOR, a school-monitor. [Fr.,--L. -_præpositio_--_præ_, before, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.] +_præpositio_--_præ_, before, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.] PREPOSSESS, pr[=e]-poz-zes', _v.t._ to possess beforehand: to fill beforehand, as the mind with some opinion: to bias or prejudice.--_adj._ @@ -19586,7 +19555,7 @@ possession: impression formed beforehand, usually a favourable one. PREPOSTEROUS, pr[=e]-pos't[.e]r-us, _adj._ contrary to nature or reason: wrong: absurd: foolish.--_adv._ PREPOS'TEROUSLY.--_n._ PREPOS'TEROUSNESS, -unreasonableness. [L. _præposterus_--_præ_, before, _posterus_, +unreasonableness. [L. _præposterus_--_præ_, before, _posterus_, after--_post_, after.] PREPOTENT, pr[=e]-p[=o]'tent, _adj._ powerful in a very high degree: @@ -19594,7 +19563,7 @@ excelling others in influence or authority.--_ns._ PREP[=O]'TENCE, PREP[=O]'TENCY.--_adj._ PREPOTEN'TIAL. PREPUCE, pr[=e]'p[=u]s, _n._ the loose skin of the penis covering the -glans: the foreskin.--_adj._ PREP[=U]'TIAL. [L. _præputium_.] +glans: the foreskin.--_adj._ PREP[=U]'TIAL. [L. _præputium_.] PREPUNCTUAL, pr[=e]-pungk't[=u]-al, _adj._ excessively prompt.--_n._ PREPUNCTUAL'ITY. @@ -19622,20 +19591,20 @@ exclusive privilege.--_adv._ PREROG'ATIVELY, by prerogative or exclusive privilege.--PREROGATIVE COURT, formerly a court having jurisdiction over testamentary matters.--ROYAL PREROGATIVE, the rights which a sovereign has by right of office, which are different in different countries. [Fr.,--L. -_prærogativus_, that is asked before others for his opinion or vote--_præ_, +_prærogativus_, that is asked before others for his opinion or vote--_præ_, before, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask.] PRESAGE, pr[=e]s'[=a]j, _n._ something that gives warning of a future event: a foreboding: a presentiment.--_v.t._ PR[=E]SAGE', to forebode: to warn of something to come: to predict.--_v.i._ to have a presentiment of.--_adj._ PRESAGE'FUL.--_ns._ PRESAGE'MENT, the act of presaging: that -which is presaged: prediction; PRESAG'ER. [Fr. _présage_--L. -_præsagium_--_præsag[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _sag[=i]re_, to perceive +which is presaged: prediction; PRESAG'ER. [Fr. _présage_--L. +_præsagium_--_præsag[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _sag[=i]re_, to perceive quickly.] PRESANCTIFY, pr[=e]-sangk'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to consecrate beforehand. -PRESARTORIAL, pr[=e]-sär-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ before the age of tailoring. +PRESARTORIAL, pr[=e]-sär-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ before the age of tailoring. [L. _sartor_--_sarc[=i]re_, to patch.] PRESBYOPIA, pres-bi-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, together with @@ -19666,7 +19635,7 @@ comp. of _presbys_, old.] PRESCIENCE, pr[=e]'shi-ens, _n._ knowledge of events beforehand: foresight.--_adj._ PR[=E]'SCIENT, knowing things beforehand.--_adv._ -PR[=E]'SCIENTLY. [L. _præsciens_, pr.p. of _præsc[=i]re_--_præ_, before, +PR[=E]'SCIENTLY. [L. _præsciens_, pr.p. of _præsc[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _sc[=i]re_, to know.] PRESCIENTIFIC, pr[=e]-s[=i]-en-tif'ik, _adj._ before the scientific age, @@ -19687,8 +19656,8 @@ prescribing or directing: (_med._) a written direction for the preparation of a medicine: a recipe: (_law_) custom continued until it becomes a right or has the force of law.--_adj._ PR[=E]SCRIP'TIVE, consisting in, or acquired by, custom or long-continued use: customary.--PRESCRIPTIVE TITLE, -a title established by right of prescription. [L. _præscrib[)e]re_, -_-scriptum_--_præ_, before, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.] +a title established by right of prescription. [L. _præscrib[)e]re_, +_-scriptum_--_præ_, before, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.] PRESEE, pr[=e]-s[=e]', _v.t._ to foresee. @@ -19710,7 +19679,7 @@ speak or act with calmness and promptness in circumstances of great and sudden difficulties.--AT PRESENT, at the present time, now; REAL PRESENCE, a doctrine or belief that the body and blood of Christ are really and substantially present in the eucharist; THE PRESENT, the present time. [O. -Fr.,--L. _præsentia_--_præsens_, _-sentis_--_præ_, before, _sens_, being.] +Fr.,--L. _præsentia_--_præsens_, _-sentis_--_præ_, before, _sens_, being.] PRESENT, pr[=e]-zent', _v.t._ to set before, to introduce into the presence of: to exhibit to view: to offer as a gift: to put into the possession of @@ -19731,14 +19700,14 @@ represented: (_law_) notice taken of an offence by a grand-jury from their own knowledge or observation: accusation presented to a court by a grand-jury.--PRESENT ARMS, to bring the gun or rifle to a perpendicular position in front of the body, as a token of respect to a superior officer. -[Fr.,--L. _præsent[=a]re_--_præsens_.] +[Fr.,--L. _præsent[=a]re_--_præsens_.] PRESENTIENT, pr[=e]-sen'shi-ent, _adj._ perceiving beforehand.--_n._ PR[=E]SEN'SION. PRESENTIMENT, pr[=e]-sen'ti-ment, _n._ a sentiment or feeling beforehand: previous opinion: an impression as of something unpleasant soon to happen. -[O. Fr.,--L. _præsent[=i]re_.] +[O. Fr.,--L. _præsent[=i]re_.] PRESENTOIR, prez-en-twor', _n._ a tray or salver: a Japanese lacquered stand for a bowl. [Fr.] @@ -19752,7 +19721,7 @@ PR[=E]SERVABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PR[=E]SER'VABLE.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV[=A]'TION, act of preserving or keeping safe: state of being preserved: safety.--_adjs._ PR[=E]SER'VATIVE, PR[=E]SER'VATORY, tending to preserve: having the quality of preserving.--_n._ that which preserves: a preventive of injury or -decay.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV'ER. [Fr. _préserver_--L. _præ_, beforehand, +decay.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV'ER. [Fr. _préserver_--L. _præ_, beforehand, _serv[=a]re_, to preserve.] PRESES, pr[=e]'s[=e]z, _n._ (_Scot._) a president or chairman. @@ -19768,7 +19737,7 @@ pertaining to a president.--_n._ PRES'IDENTSHIP.--LORD PRESIDENT, the presiding judge of the Court of Session in Scotland; LORD PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL, a member of the House of Lords who presides over the privy council, with especial charge of education, sanitation, &c. [Fr. -_présider_--L. _præsid[=e]re_--_præ_, before, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.] +_présider_--L. _præsid[=e]re_--_præ_, before, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.] PRESIDIAL, pr[=e]-sid'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a garrison.--_adj._ and _n._ PR[=E]SID'IARY.--_n._ PR[=E]SID'IO (_Sp. Amer._), a military post: a @@ -19808,7 +19777,7 @@ PRESS, pres, _v.t._ to carry men off by violence to become soldiers or sailors.--_ns._ PRESS'GANG, a gang or body of sailors under an officer empowered to impress men into the navy; PRESS'-MON'EY (for _prest-money_), earnest-money. [Corr. from old form _prest_, from O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. -_prêter_), to lend--_præst[=a]re_, to offer--_præ_, before, _st[=a]re_, to +_prêter_), to lend--_præst[=a]re_, to offer--_præ_, before, _st[=a]re_, to stand.] PRESSIROSTER, pres-si-ros't[.e]r, _n._ one of a tribe of wading birds, the @@ -19822,25 +19791,25 @@ of force on something resisting it.--CENTRE OF PRESSURE (see CENTRE). [O. Fr.,--L. _pressura_--_prem[)e]re_, to press.] PREST, prest, _adj._ ready: neat: at hand.--_n._ ready-money: a -loan.--_v.t._ to pay out: to lend. [L. _præsto_, ready.] +loan.--_v.t._ to pay out: to lend. [L. _præsto_, ready.] PRESTER JOHN, pres't[.e]r jon, _n._ the name applied by medieval credulity (12th-14th cent.) to the supposed Christian sovereign of a vast empire in -Central Asia. [O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. _prêtre_), priest.] +Central Asia. [O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. _prêtre_), priest.] PRESTIDIGITATION, pres-ti-dij-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ sleight of hand--also PRESTIG'I[=A]TION.--_adj._ PRESTIDIG'ITAL.--_ns._ PRESTIDIG'IT[=A]TOR, PRESTIG'I[=A]TOR, one who practises sleight of hand. PRESTIGE, pres-t[=e]zh', or pres'tij, _n._ influence arising from past -conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,--L. _præstigium_, -delusion--_præstingu[)e]re_, to deceive.] +conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,--L. _præstigium_, +delusion--_præstingu[)e]re_, to deceive.] PRESTO, pres'to, _adv._ quick: at once: (_mus._) quickly, quicker than -_allegro_:--_superl._ PRESTIS'SIMO. [It.,--L. _præsto_, ready.] +_allegro_:--_superl._ PRESTIS'SIMO. [It.,--L. _præsto_, ready.] -PRESTRICTION, pr[=e]-strik'shun, _n._ blindness. [L. _præstring[)e]re_, -_præstrictum_, to draw tight.] +PRESTRICTION, pr[=e]-strik'shun, _n._ blindness. [L. _præstring[)e]re_, +_præstrictum_, to draw tight.] PRESTUDY, pr[=e]-stud'i, _v.t._ to study beforehand. @@ -19860,13 +19829,13 @@ probable evidence: (_law_) proving circumstantially.--_adv._ PRESUMP'TIVELY.--PRESUMPTIVE EVIDENCE, evidence for a fact derived from other facts having some connection with it: indirect evidence.--HEIR PRESUMPTIVE, the person, not son or daughter, at present next in succession -to any living person. [Fr. _présumer_--L. _præsum[)e]re_--_præ_, before, +to any living person. [Fr. _présumer_--L. _præsum[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _sum[)e]re_, to take--_sub_, under, _em[)e]re_, to buy.] PRESUMPTUOUS, pr[=e]-zump't[=u]-us, _adj._ full of presumption: going beyond the bounds of right or duty: bold and confident: founded on presumption: wilful.--_adv._ PRESUMP'TUOUSLY.--_n._ PRESUMP'TUOUSNESS. [L. -_præsumptuosus_.] +_præsumptuosus_.] PRESUPPOSE, pr[=e]-sup-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to suppose before actual knowledge: to assume or take for granted.--_n._ PRESUPPOSI'TION. @@ -19885,7 +19854,7 @@ pretending: something pretended: false or fictitious appearance: claim either true or false.--_adj._ PRETEN'TIOUS, marked by or containing pretence: claiming more than is warranted: presumptuous: arrogant.--_adv._ PRETEN'TIOUSLY, in a pretentious manner.--_n._ PRETEN'TIOUSNESS, the -quality of being pretentious. [Fr. _prétendre_--L. _prætend[)e]re_--_præ_, +quality of being pretentious. [Fr. _prétendre_--L. _prætend[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _tend[)e]re_, _tentum_, _tensum_, to stretch.] PRETENSE. Same as PRETENCE. @@ -19903,13 +19872,13 @@ prophecies of the Apocalypse already fulfilled; PRET'ERITENESS.--_adj._ PRETERI'TIAL (_biol._), once active but now latent.--_n._ PRETERI'TION, the act of passing over: the doctrine that God passes over the non-elect in electing to eternal life those predestinated to salvation.--_adj._ -PRETER'ITIVE, expressing past times. [L. _præteritus_--_præter_, beyond, +PRETER'ITIVE, expressing past times. [L. _præteritus_--_præter_, beyond, _[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.] PRETERMIT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-mit', _v.t._ to pass by: to omit: to leave undone:--_pr.p._ pr[=e]termit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pr[=e]termit'ted.--_n._ PRETERMIS'SION, the act of passing by: omission. -[L. _præter_, past, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] +[L. _præter_, past, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] PRETERNATURAL, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ beyond what is natural: out of the regular course of things: extraordinary.--_n._ @@ -19926,14 +19895,14 @@ pluperfect tense. PRETEXT, pr[=e]'tekst, or pr[=e]-tekst', _n._ an assumed motive or reason put forward to conceal the real one: a pretence. [L. -_prætextum_--_prætex[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _tex[)e]re_, to weave.] +_prætextum_--_prætex[)e]re_--_præ_, before, _tex[)e]re_, to weave.] PRETHOUGHTFUL, pr[=e]-thawt'f[=oo]l, _adj._ forethoughtful, prudent. PRETIBIAL, pr[=e]-tib'i-al, _adj._ situated upon the front of the lower part of the leg. -PRETOR, &c. See PRÆTOR, &c. +PRETOR, &c. See PRÆTOR, &c. PRETTY, pret'i, _adj._ tasteful: pleasing to the eye: having attractive but not striking beauty: neat: beautiful without dignity: small: affected: @@ -19944,7 +19913,7 @@ excessively ornamental way.--_adv._ PRETT'ILY, in a pretty manner: pleasingly: elegantly: neatly.--_n._ PRETT'INESS.--_adj._ PRETT'YISH, somewhat pretty.--_n._ PRETT'YPRETTY (_coll._), a knick-knack.--_adj._ PRETT'Y-SP[=O]'KEN, speaking or spoken prettily.--PRETTY MUCH, very nearly. -[A.S. _prættig_, tricky--_prætt_, trickery; prob. Low L. _practicus_--Gr. +[A.S. _prættig_, tricky--_prætt_, trickery; prob. Low L. _practicus_--Gr. _praktikos_--_prattein_, to do.] PRETYPIFY, pr[=e]-tip'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to represent by a type what is to @@ -19962,7 +19931,7 @@ common.--_adv._ PREVAIL'INGLY.--_ns._ PREVAIL'MENT (_Shak._), prevalence; PREV'ALENCE, PREV'ALENCY, the state of being prevalent or wide-spread: superior strength or influence: preponderance: efficacy.--_adj._ PREV'ALENT, prevailing: having great power: victorious: wide-spread: most -common.--_adv._ PREV'ALENTLY. [Fr. _prévaloir_--L. _præval[=e]re_--_præ_, +common.--_adv._ PREV'ALENTLY. [Fr. _prévaloir_--L. _præval[=e]re_--_præ_, before, _val[=e]re_, to be powerful.] PREVARICATE, pr[=e]-var'i-k[=a]t, _v.i._ to shift about from side to side, @@ -19971,7 +19940,7 @@ purpose of defeating or destroying it: (_law_) to betray a client by collusion with his opponent.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to pervert, transgress.--_ns._ PR[=E]VARIC[=A]'TION, the act of quibbling to evade the truth; PR[=E]VAR'IC[=A]TOR, one who prevaricates to evade the truth: a -quibbler. [L. _prævaric[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, inten., _varicus_, +quibbler. [L. _prævaric[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_præ_, inten., _varicus_, straddling--_varus_, bent.] PREVENANCY, prev'[=e]-nan-si, _n._ complaisance. @@ -19987,11 +19956,11 @@ PREVEN'TION, act of preventing: anticipation or forethought: obstruction.--_adjs._ PREVEN'TIVE, PREVEN'TATIVE, tending to prevent or hinder: preservative.--_n._ that which prevents: a preservative.--_adv._ PREVEN'TIVELY.--_n._ PREVEN'TIVENESS.--PREVENTIVE SERVICE, the service -rendered by the coastguard in preventing smuggling. [L. _præventus_, pa.p. -of _præven[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] +rendered by the coastguard in preventing smuggling. [L. _præventus_, pa.p. +of _præven[=i]re_--_præ_, before, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] PREVERTEBRAL, pr[=e]-v[.e]r'te-bral, _adj._ situated or developing before -the vertebræ. +the vertebræ. PREVIOUS, pr[=e]'vi-us, _adj._ going before in time: former.--_adv._ PR[=E]'VIOUSLY.--_n._ PR[=E]'VIOUSNESS, antecedence: priority in @@ -19999,11 +19968,11 @@ time.--PREVIOUS QUESTION, a motion made during a debate, 'that the main question be now put.' If the decision be 'yes,' the debate is ended and the question put and decided; if it be 'no,' the debate is adjourned in the British parliament, but continues in the American assembly. [L. -_præevius_--_præ_, before, _via_, a way.] +_præevius_--_præ_, before, _via_, a way.] PREVISE, pr[=e]-viz', _v.t._ to foresee: to forewarn.--_n._ PREVI'SION, -foresight: foreknowledge. [L. _prævid[=e]re_, _prævisum_, to -foresee--_præ_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.] +foresight: foreknowledge. [L. _prævid[=e]re_, _prævisum_, to +foresee--_præ_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.] PREWARN, pr[=e]-wawrn', _v.t._ to warn beforehand. @@ -20016,7 +19985,7 @@ that which is or may be seized to be devoured: a victim: depredation: to waste or impair gradually: to weigh heavily (_on_ or _upon_), as the mind.--_adj._ PREY'FUL (_Shak._), having a disposition to prey on others.--BEAST OF PREY, one who devours other animals. [O. Fr. _praie_ (Fr. -_proie_)--L. _præda_, booty.] +_proie_)--L. _præda_, booty.] PRIAPUS, pr[=i]-[=a]'pus, _n._ an ancient deity personifying male generative power.--_adjs._ PRIAP'IC, PRIAP[=E]'AN.--_n._ PR[=I]'APISM. @@ -20062,7 +20031,7 @@ something worthily done: that of which men are proud: that which excites boasting: elevation, loftiness: beauty displayed, ornament, ostentation: high spirit, mettle: (_Shak._) lust.--_v.t._ to have or take pride: to value, as one's self, &c.--_adj._ PRIDE'FUL.--_adv._ PRIDE'FULLY.--_n._ -PRIDE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PRIDE'LESS. [A.S. _prýte_--_prút_, proud.] +PRIDE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PRIDE'LESS. [A.S. _prýte_--_prút_, proud.] PRIDIAN, prid'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to yesterday. [L. _pridie_--_prius_, before, _dies_, day.] @@ -20080,8 +20049,8 @@ gain wealth or power; PRIEST'HOOD, the office or character of a priest: the priestly order.--_adjs._ PRIEST'-LIKE, PRIEST'LY, pertaining to or like a priest.--_n._ PRIEST'LINESS.--_adj._ PRIEST'-RID'DEN, controlled by priests.--HIGH PRIEST, a chief priest, esp. the chief ecclesiastical -officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. _preóst_ (O. Fr. _prestre_, Fr. -_prêtre_)--L. _presbyter_, an elder.] +officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. _preóst_ (O. Fr. _prestre_, Fr. +_prêtre_)--L. _presbyter_, an elder.] PRIEVE, pr[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to prove. @@ -20161,7 +20130,7 @@ _great_-primer (18 point). [Orig. a small prayer-book.] PRIMERO, pri-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ an old game at cards. [Sp.] PRIMEVAL, pr[=i]-m[=e]'val, _adj._ belonging to the first ages: original: -primitive.--_adv._ PRIM[=E]'VALLY. [L. _primævus_--_primus_, first, _ævum_, +primitive.--_adv._ PRIM[=E]'VALLY. [L. _primævus_--_primus_, first, _ævum_, an age.] PRIMIGENIAL, pr[=i]-mi-j[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ first-born or made: primary: @@ -20173,7 +20142,7 @@ parents: (_law_) the right of the eldest son to inherit his father's estates; PRIMOGEN'ITURESHIP. [Fr.,--L. _primo-genitus_, first-born--_primus_, first, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.] -PRIMITIÆ, pri-mish'i-[=e], _n.pl._ first-fruits offered to the gods--also +PRIMITIÆ, pri-mish'i-[=e], _n.pl._ first-fruits offered to the gods--also PRIMI'TIAS (_Spens._): the first year's revenue of a benefice. [L.,--_primus_, first.] @@ -20267,7 +20236,7 @@ principal; PRIN'CIPATE, primary: a principality, esp. the office of the ancient Roman emperors. [L. _principalis_.] PRINCIPIA, prin-sip'i-a, _n.pl._ first principles: elements, used often as -the contracted title of the 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' +the contracted title of the 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' of Newton.--_adj._ PRINCIP'IAL, elementary. [L., pl. of _principium_.] PRINCIPLE, prin'si-pl, _n._ a fundamental truth on which others are founded @@ -20375,7 +20344,7 @@ deals with the concerns of private persons--opp. to _General act_, &c.; PRIVATE JUDGMENT, the judgment of an individual, esp. on the meaning of a passage or doctrine of Scripture, as distinguished from the interpretation of the church; PRIVATE LAW, that part of law which deals with the rights -and duties of persons quâ individuals; PRIVATE LEGISLATION, legislation +and duties of persons quâ individuals; PRIVATE LEGISLATION, legislation affecting the interests of private persons; PRIVATE PARTS, the sexual organs; PRIVATE PROPERTY, RIGHTS, the property, rights of individual persons, as distinguished from that which belongs to a public body and is @@ -20429,7 +20398,7 @@ personal use of the sovereign; PRIV'Y-SEAL, -SIG'NET, the seal used by or for the king in subordinate matters, or those which are not to pass the great seal; PRIV'Y-VER'DICT, a verdict given to a judge out of court.--GENTLEMEN USHERS OF THE PRIVY-CHAMBER, four officials in the royal -household who attend certain court ceremonies. [Fr. _privé_--L. _privatus_, +household who attend certain court ceremonies. [Fr. _privé_--L. _privatus_, private.] PRIZE, PRISE, pr[=i]z, _v.t._ to force open by means of a lever. [Fr.; cf. @@ -20542,7 +20511,7 @@ society: (_Shak._) advancement.--_n.pl._ PRO'CEEDS, the money arising from anything: rent: produce.--SPECIAL PROCEEDING, a judicial proceeding other than an action, as, for example, a writ of mandamus; SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS, certain statutory remedies taken without the formal bringing of an action -by process and pleading. [Fr. _procéder_--L. _proced[)e]re_--_pro_, before, +by process and pleading. [Fr. _procéder_--L. _proced[)e]re_--_pro_, before, _ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to go.] PROCELEUSMATIC, pros-e-l[=u]s-mat'ik, _adj._ inciting, encouraging.--_n._ @@ -20550,7 +20519,7 @@ in ancient prosody, a foot consisting of four short syllables. [Gr.,--_prokeleuein_, to incite before--_pro_, before, _keleuein_, to order.] -PROCELLARIA, pros-e-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a Linnæan genus of petrels. +PROCELLARIA, pros-e-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a Linnæan genus of petrels. PROCEPHALIC, pr[=o]-se-fal'ik, or pr[=o]-sef'a-lik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the forepart of the head.--PROCEPHALIC LOBES, two lobes in the embryo of @@ -20561,13 +20530,13 @@ PROCEREBRUM, pr[=o]-ser'[=e]-brum, _n._ the fore-brain, consisting of the cerebral hemispheres, corpora striata, and olfactory lobes.--_adj._ PROCER'EBRAL. [L. _pro_, before, _cerebrum_, brain.] -PROCERITE, pros'e-r[=i]t, _n._ the last segment of the antennæ in the +PROCERITE, pros'e-r[=i]t, _n._ the last segment of the antennæ in the Crustacea. [Gr. _pro_, before, _keras_, a horn.] PROCERITY, pr[=o]-ser'i-ti, _n._ tallness, loftiness.--_adj._ PROC[=E]'ROUS, tall. [L.,--_proc[=e]rus_, tall.] -PROCÈS, pr[=o]-s[=a]', _n._ a law-suit: a trial.--PROCÈS VERBAL, a written +PROCÈS, pr[=o]-s[=a]', _n._ a law-suit: a trial.--PROCÈS VERBAL, a written account of facts in connection with a trial or other proceeding. [Fr.] PROCESS, pros'es, or pr[=o]-, _n._ a gradual progress: manner of acting or @@ -20577,7 +20546,7 @@ same as photo-process, the reproduction as a drawing, &c., by any mechanical (esp. photographic) process: (_Shak._) a narrative, account.--_v.t._ to proceed against by legal process: to produce a reproduction of a drawing as above.--_n._ PROC'ESS-SERV'ER (_Shak._), a -bailiff. [Fr. _procès_--L. _processus._] +bailiff. [Fr. _procès_--L. _processus._] PROCESSION, pr[=o]-sesh'un, _n._ the act of proceeding: a train of persons in a formal march.--_adj._ PROCES'SIONAL, pertaining to a procession: @@ -20683,10 +20652,10 @@ about: management: agency; PROCUR'ER, one who procures: a pander:--_fem._ PROC'URESS. [Fr. _procurer_--L. _procur[=a]re_, to manage--_pro_, for, _cur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to care for.] -PROCUREUR, pr[=o]-kü-rer', _n._ a procurator.--PROCUREUR GÉNÉRAL (_French +PROCUREUR, pr[=o]-kü-rer', _n._ a procurator.--PROCUREUR GÉNÉRAL (_French law_), the public prosecutor-in-chief. -PROCYONIDÆ, pr[=o]-si-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ an American family of plantigrade +PROCYONIDÆ, pr[=o]-si-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ an American family of plantigrade carnivorous mammals, including raccoons and coatis. [Gr. _pro_, before, _ky[=o]n_, a dog.] @@ -20735,7 +20704,7 @@ produce: generative: fertile: efficient.--_adv._ PRODUC'TIVELY.--_ns._ PRODUC'TIVENESS, PRODUCTIV'ITY. PROEM, pr[=o]'em, _n._ an introduction: a prelude: a preface.--_adj._ -PRO[=E]'MIAL. [Fr. _proème_--L. _prooemium_--Gr. _prooimion_--_pro_, +PRO[=E]'MIAL. [Fr. _proème_--L. _prooemium_--Gr. _prooimion_--_pro_, before, _oimos_, a way.] PROEMBRYO, pr[=o]-em'bri-[=o], _n._ a cellular structure produced from the @@ -20780,12 +20749,12 @@ public and authorised teacher in a university:--_fem._ PROFESS'ORESS; PROFESS'ORATE, PROFESS[=O]'RI[=A]TE, the office of a professor or public teacher: his period of office: body of professors.--_adj._ PROFESS[=O]'RIAL.--_adv._ PROFESS[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ PROFESS'ORSHIP. [Fr. -_profès_, professed, said of a member of a religious order--L. _professus_, +_profès_, professed, said of a member of a religious order--L. _professus_, perf. p. of _profit[=e]ri_--_pro_, publicly, _fat[=e]ri_, to confess.] PROFFER, prof'[.e]r, _v.t._ to bring forward: to propose: to offer for acceptance.--_n._ an offer made: a proposal.--_n._ PROFF'ERER. [Fr. -_proférer_--L. _proferre_--_pro_, forward, _ferre_, to bring.] +_proférer_--L. _proferre_--_pro_, forward, _ferre_, to bring.] PROFICIENCE, pr[=o]-fish'ens, _n._ state of being proficient: improvement in anything: advancement--also PROFI'CIENCY.--_adj._ PROFI'CIENT, @@ -20842,8 +20811,8 @@ deep concern.--_ns._ PROFOUND'NESS, PROFUND'ITY, the state or quality of being profound: depth of place, of knowledge, &c.: that which is profound. [Fr. _profond_--L. _profundus_--_pro_, forward, _fundus_, bottom.] -PROFUNDA, pr[=o]-fun'dä, _n._ a deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, or -leg:--_pl._ PROFUN'DÆ. +PROFUNDA, pr[=o]-fun'dä, _n._ a deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, or +leg:--_pl._ PROFUN'DÆ. PROFUSE, pr[=o]-f[=u]s', _adj._ liberal to excess: lavish: extravagant.--_adv._ PROF[=U]SE'LY.--_ns._ PROF[=U]SE'NESS, PROF[=U]'SION, @@ -20973,7 +20942,7 @@ PROL[=A]TE'NESS, PROL[=A]'TION, a bringing forth: pronunciation: delay: (_mus._) a division. [L. _prolatus_, pa.p. of _proferre_, to bring forward--_pro_, forth, _ferre_, to bear.] -PROLEG, pr[=o]'leg, _n._ one of the abdominal limbs of the larvæ of +PROLEG, pr[=o]'leg, _n._ one of the abdominal limbs of the larvæ of insects. PROLEGOMENA, pr[=o]-leg-om'en-a, _n.pl._ an introduction to a @@ -20999,7 +20968,7 @@ PROLICIDE, pr[=o]'li-s[=i]d, _n._ infanticide. PROLIFERATE, pr[=o]-lif'e-r[=a]t, _v.i._ to grow by multiplication of elementary parts: (_zool._) to reproduce by proliferation.--_v.t._ to bear by reproduction.--_n._ PROLIFER[=A]'TION, the birth and growth of -generative zoöids.--_adjs._ PROLIF'ER[=A]TIVE, PROLIF'EROUS.--_adv._ +generative zoöids.--_adjs._ PROLIF'ER[=A]TIVE, PROLIF'EROUS.--_adv._ PROLIF'EROUSLY. [L. _proles_, progeny, _ferre_, to bear.] PROLIFIC, -AL, pr[=o]-lif'ik, -al, _adj._ bringing forth offspring: @@ -21043,9 +21012,9 @@ _lusum_, to play.] PROMACHOS, prom'a-kos, _n._ a deity who fights in front of, or champions, some person or state. [Gr.] -PROMENADE, prom-e-näd', or -n[=a]d', _n._ a walk for pleasure, show, or +PROMENADE, prom-e-näd', or -n[=a]d', _n._ a walk for pleasure, show, or exercise: a place for walking.--_v.i._ to walk for amusement, show, or -exercise.--_n._ PROMENÄ'DER.--PROMENADE CONCERT, an entertainment in which +exercise.--_n._ PROMENÄ'DER.--PROMENADE CONCERT, an entertainment in which the audience promenades or dances during the music. [Fr.,--from (_se_) _promener_, to walk--L. _promin[=a]re_, to drive forwards--_pro_, forward, _min[=a]re_, to drive.] @@ -21153,8 +21122,8 @@ _procio_; cf. Gael. _brog_, to goad, _brog_, an awl.] PRONOMINAL. See PRONOUN. -PRONONCÉ, pr[=o]-nong-s[=a]', _adj._ decided: self-asserting:--_fem._ -PRONONCÉE. [Fr.; cf. _Pronounce_.] +PRONONCÉ, pr[=o]-nong-s[=a]', _adj._ decided: self-asserting:--_fem._ +PRONONCÉE. [Fr.; cf. _Pronounce_.] PRONOTUM, pr[=o]-n[=o]'tum, _n._ the tergal portion of the prothorax in the Insecta:--_pl._ PRON[=O]'TA.--_adj._ PRON[=O]'TAL. [Gr. _pro_, before, @@ -21222,8 +21191,8 @@ and _pa.p._ propped.--_n._ PROP'PAGE. [Allied to Sw. _propp_, Ger. _propf_, a stopper; some connect also with Ger. _pfropf_, a graft--L. _propago_, a set, layer.] -PROPÆDEUTIC, -AL, pr[=o]-p[=e]-d[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to -preliminary instruction.--_n._ PROPÆDE[=U]'TIC, a preliminary branch of +PROPÆDEUTIC, -AL, pr[=o]-p[=e]-d[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to +preliminary instruction.--_n._ PROPÆDE[=U]'TIC, a preliminary branch of knowledge: (_pl._) the introduction to an art or science. [Gr. _pro_, before, _paideuein_, to teach.] @@ -21245,7 +21214,7 @@ PROP'AG[=A]TIVE.--_ns._ PROP'AG[=A]TOR; PROPAGAT[=O]'RIUM (_biol._), the reproductive apparatus.--_adj._ PROP'AG[=A]TORY.--_ns._ PROP[=A]'GO, a layer or branch laid down to root; PROPAG'[=U]LUM, a runner or sucker ending in an expanded bud: a gemma or bud affecting asexual propagation in -many algæ. [L. _prop[=a]g[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, conn. with _pro-p[=a]g-o_, a +many algæ. [L. _prop[=a]g[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, conn. with _pro-p[=a]g-o_, a layer.] PROPALE, pr[=o]-p[=a]l', _v.t._ to disclose. @@ -21400,7 +21369,7 @@ proportion between two quantities, each of which is the product of two or more, those of the first set being in their order proportional to those of the other; IN PROPORTION, in the degree or measure, according; INVERSE, or RECIPROCAL, PROPORTION, an equality of ratio between two quantities and the -reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = ½ : ¼. [L. _proportio_--_pro_, in +reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = ½ : ¼. [L. _proportio_--_pro_, in comparison with, _portio_, _portionis_, part, share.] PROPOSE, pr[=o]-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to put forward or offer for consideration, @@ -21421,8 +21390,8 @@ PROPOUND, pr[=o]-pownd', _v.t._ to offer for consideration: to exhibit.--_n._ PROPOUND'ER. [Orig. _propone_--L.,--_pro_, forth, _pon[)e]re_, to place.] -PROPRÆTOR, PROPRETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome, -who, after acting as prætor in Rome, was appointed to the government of a +PROPRÆTOR, PROPRETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome, +who, after acting as prætor in Rome, was appointed to the government of a province. PROPRIETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=i]'e-tor, _n._ one who has anything as his property: @@ -21458,8 +21427,8 @@ forward.--_adjs._ PROPUL'SIVE, PROPUL'SORY, tending or having power to propel. [Low L. _propulsio_--L. _propell[)e]re_, _propulsum_, to push forward.] -PROPYLÆUM, pr[=o]-pi-l[=e]'um, _n._ a gateway of architectural importance, -leading into a temple, &c.:--_pl._ PROPYLÆ'A.--_n._ PR[=O]'PYLON, a +PROPYLÆUM, pr[=o]-pi-l[=e]'um, _n._ a gateway of architectural importance, +leading into a temple, &c.:--_pl._ PROPYLÆ'A.--_n._ PR[=O]'PYLON, a monumental gateway before the entrance of an ancient Egyptian temple, &c. [Gr. _pro_, before, _pyl[=e]_, a gate.] @@ -21546,9 +21515,9 @@ PROSENCHYMA, pros-eng'ki-ma, _n._ the fibro-vascular system or tissue of plants--opp. to _Parenchyma_, the soft tissues.--_adj._ PROSENCHYM'ATOUS. [Gr. _pros_, to, _enchyma_, an infusion.] -PROSEUCHE, (-A), pros-[=u]'k[=e], (-kä), _n._ a place of prayer: among the +PROSEUCHE, (-A), pros-[=u]'k[=e], (-kä), _n._ a place of prayer: among the Jews one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually roofless:--_pl._ -PROSEU'CHÆ. [Gr. _pros_, towards, _euchesthai_, to pray.] +PROSEU'CHÆ. [Gr. _pros_, towards, _euchesthai_, to pray.] PROSILIENCY, pr[=o]-sil'i-en-si, _n._ a standing forward. @@ -21679,8 +21648,8 @@ interference.--_adj._ PROTEC'TORLESS.--_ns._ PROTEC'TORSHIP; PROTEC'TORY, an institution for destitute children. [L., _pro_, in front, _teg[)e]re_, _tectum_, to cover.] -PROTÉGÉ, pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', _n._ one under the protection of another: a -pupil: a ward:--_fem._ PROTÉGÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _protéger_, to protect--L. +PROTÉGÉ, pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', _n._ one under the protection of another: a +pupil: a ward:--_fem._ PROTÉGÉE. [Fr., pa.p. of _protéger_, to protect--L. _proteg[)e]re_.] PROTEIN, pr[=o]'t[=e]-in, _n._ the first element in any compound: formerly @@ -21784,7 +21753,7 @@ fire-formed rocks: noting intercellular spaces formed within undifferentiated plant tissues.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOGINE, a variety of granite in the Alps. -PROTOMARTYR, pr[=o]'t[=o]-mär-t[.e]r, _n._ St Stephen, the first Christian +PROTOMARTYR, pr[=o]'t[=o]-mär-t[.e]r, _n._ St Stephen, the first Christian martyr: the first who suffers in any cause. PROTOPHYTE, pr[=o]'t[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ the first or lowest order of @@ -21808,15 +21777,15 @@ from which anything is copied: an exemplar: a pattern.--_adjs._ PR[=O]'TOTYPAL, PR[=O]TOTYP'ICAL. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr., _pr[=o]tos_, first, _typos_, a type.] -PROTOVERTEBRÆ, pr[=o]-t[=o]-ver'te-br[=e], _n.pl._ the rudimentary segments +PROTOVERTEBRÆ, pr[=o]-t[=o]-ver'te-br[=e], _n.pl._ the rudimentary segments formed in the vertebrate embryo from the medullary plates, from which the -bodies of the vertebræ, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are developed.--_adjs._ +bodies of the vertebræ, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are developed.--_adjs._ PROTOVER'TEBRAL, PROTOVER'TEBRATE. PROTOXIDE, pr[=o]-tok's[=i]d, _n._ the first oxide--that is, an oxide containing one equivalent of oxygen combined with one equivalent of a base. -PROTOZOA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-z[=o]'ä, _n.pl._ the first or lowest class of +PROTOZOA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-z[=o]'ä, _n.pl._ the first or lowest class of animals:--_sing._ PROTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ PROTOZ[=O]'AN; PROTOZ[=O]'IC, pertaining to the protozoa: containing remains of the earliest life of the globe. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _z[=o]on_, an animal.] @@ -21855,7 +21824,7 @@ PROUD'ISH, somewhat proud.--_adv._ PROUD'LY.--_adj._ PROUD'-MIND'ED (_Shak._), proud in mind.--_n._ PROUD'NESS, the state or quality of being proud: pride.--_adjs._ PROUD'-PIED (_Shak._), gorgeously variegated; PROUD'-STOM'ACHED, of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S. _prut_, proud, -_prýte_, pride.] +_prýte_, pride.] PROVABLE, pr[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ that may be proved.--_n._ PROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PROV'ABLY, in a manner capable of proof. [O. Fr. @@ -21863,7 +21832,7 @@ _provable_, _prouvable_--L. _probabilis_, probable.] PROVAND, prov'and, _n._ (_Shak._) provender: provision--also PROV'END.--_adj._ PROV'ANT, belonging to a regular allowance: of common or -inferior quality. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _præbenda_, a payment, pittance.] +inferior quality. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _præbenda_, a payment, pittance.] PROVE, pr[=oo]v, _v.t._ to try by experiment or by a test or standard: to make certain: to try by suffering: to establish or ascertain as truth by @@ -21872,7 +21841,7 @@ of: to experience or suffer: (_math._) to ascertain the correctness of any result.--_v.i._ to make trial: to turn out: to be shown afterwards.--_n._ PROV'ER.--THE EXCEPTION PROVES THE RULE, the exception tests the rule, proving its general truth. [O. Fr. _prover_ (Fr. _prouver_), which, like -A.S. _prófian_ and Ger. _proben_, is from L. _prob[=a]re_--_probus_, +A.S. _prófian_ and Ger. _proben_, is from L. _prob[=a]re_--_probus_, excellent.] PROVECTION, pr[=o]-vek'shun, _n._ the transfer of the final consonant from @@ -21891,13 +21860,13 @@ PROVENANCE, prov'e-nans, _n._ the source from which anything comes or is derived.--Also PROV[=E]'NIENCE. [Fr.,--L. _pro_, forth, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] -PROVENÇAL, pr[=o]-vang-sal', _adj._ of or pertaining to _Provence_, in +PROVENÇAL, pr[=o]-vang-sal', _adj._ of or pertaining to _Provence_, in France, or to its inhabitants--also PROVEN'CIAL.--_n._ a native, or the language of Provence, the _langue d'oc_ (q.v.). PROVENDER, prov'en-d[.e]r, _n._ dry food for beasts, as hay or corn: esp. a mixture of meal and cut straw or hay.--_v.t._ to feed. [O. Fr.,--L. -_præbenda_, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.] +_præbenda_, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.] PROVERB, prov'[.e]rb, _n._ a short familiar sentence expressing a well-known truth or moral lesson: a byword: (_B._) a difficult saying that @@ -21945,7 +21914,7 @@ doctrines and policy of the Jesuits. [Fr.,--L. _provincia_, a province; perh. _pro_, for, _vinc[)e]re_, to conquer.] PROVINCIAL, pr[=o]-vin'shal, _adj._ pertaining to _Provence_ or -_Provençal_.--PROVINCIAL ROSE, the cabbage-rose--from _Provins-rose_, +_Provençal_.--PROVINCIAL ROSE, the cabbage-rose--from _Provins-rose_, Provins in Seine-et-Marne, being famous for its roses: (_Shak._) a rosette formerly worn on the shoe. @@ -22000,8 +21969,8 @@ for enforcing discipline and securing prisoners till brought to trial: (_navy_) an officer having charge of prisoners; PROV'OSTRY, a district under a provost; PROV'OSTSHIP, the office of a provost.--LORD PROVOST, the style of the chief magistrates of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, and -Dundee. [O. Fr. _provost_ (Fr. _prévôt_), L. _præpositus_, pa.p. of -_præpon[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _pon[)e]re_, to place.] +Dundee. [O. Fr. _provost_ (Fr. _prévôt_), L. _præpositus_, pa.p. of +_præpon[)e]re_--_præ_, over, _pon[)e]re_, to place.] PROW, prow, _n._ the forepart of a ship: the bow or beak. [Fr. _proue_ (It. _prua_)--L. _prora_--Gr. _pr[=o]ra_, a prow--_pro_, before.] @@ -22065,7 +22034,7 @@ PRUNE, pr[=oo]n, _n._ a plum, esp. a dried plum.--_adj._ PRUNIF'EROUS, bearing plums. [Fr.,--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.] PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ sore throat: angina pectoris. [Low L., from -Teut.; Ger. _bräune_, quinsy.] +Teut.; Ger. _bräune_, quinsy.] PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ a genus of plants, the best known of which is _Self-heal_, formerly used as a medicine. [Perh. from _prunella_, above.] @@ -22107,12 +22076,12 @@ state were sometimes allowed to dine at the public expense. PRYTHEE, prith'[=e] (_Shak._). Same as _Prithee_. -PSALM, säm, _n._ a sacred song.--_ns._ PSALM'-BOOK, a book containing -psalms for purposes of worship; _Psalmist_ (säm'ist, or sal'mist), a +PSALM, säm, _n._ a sacred song.--_ns._ PSALM'-BOOK, a book containing +psalms for purposes of worship; _Psalmist_ (säm'ist, or sal'mist), a composer of psalms, applied to David and to the writers of the Scriptural psalms.--_adjs._ PSALMOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to psalmody.--_v.i._ PSAL'MODISE, to practise psalmody.--_ns._ PSAL'MODIST, a singer of psalms; -PSALMODY (sal'mo-di, or säm'o-di), the singing of psalms, esp. in public +PSALMODY (sal'mo-di, or säm'o-di), the singing of psalms, esp. in public worship: psalms collectively.--_v.t._ to celebrate in psalms.--_ns._ PSALMOG'RAPHER, PSALMOG'RAPHIST, a writer of psalms; PSALMOG'RAPHY, the act or practice of writing psalms; PSALM'-TUNE, a tune to which a psalm is @@ -22141,7 +22110,7 @@ PSELLISM, sel'izm, _n._ a defect in articulation--also PSELLIS'MUS. [Gr. _psellismos_--_psellos_, stammering.] PSEUDO-, s[=u]'d[=o], a prefix signifying false or spurious, as in _ns._ -PSEUDÆSTH[=E]'SIA, imaginary feeling, as in an amputated limb; +PSEUDÆSTH[=E]'SIA, imaginary feeling, as in an amputated limb; PSEUDEPIG'RAPHA (_pl._), spurious writings, especially those writings claiming to be Biblical, but not judged genuine or canonical by the consent of scholars.--_adjs._ PSEUDEPIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PSEUDEPIG'RAPHY, the @@ -22164,7 +22133,7 @@ bearing a fictitious name.--_adv._ PSEUDON'YMOUSLY.--_n.pl._ PSEUDOP[=O]'DIA, the processes alternately thrust forth and drawn back by amoeboid cells:--_sing._ PSEUDOP[=O]'DIUM, PSEU'DOPOD.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPE, a species of stereoscope which causes the parts of bodies in relief to -appear hollow, and _vice versâ_.--_adj._ PSEUDOSCOP'IC.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPY. +appear hollow, and _vice versâ_.--_adj._ PSEUDOSCOP'IC.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPY. [Gr. _pseud[=e]s_, false.] PSHAW, shaw, _interj._ expressing contempt.--_v.i._ to express contempt, as @@ -22245,7 +22214,7 @@ _psychros_, cold, _psychein_, to blow, _metron_, a measure.] PTARMIC, tar'mik, _n._ a medicine which causes sneezing. -PTARMIGAN, tär'mi-gan, _n._ a species of grouse with feathered toes +PTARMIGAN, tär'mi-gan, _n._ a species of grouse with feathered toes inhabiting the tops of mountains. [Gael. _tarmachan_.] PTERE, t[=e]r, _n._ (_zool._) an alate organ.--_ns._ PTERID'IUM, @@ -22263,7 +22232,7 @@ PTERIDOL'OGIST, one versed in the study of ferns; PTERIDOL'OGY, the science of ferns; PTERIDOM[=A]'NIA, a passion for ferns; PTERIG'RAPHY, a description of ferns. [Gr. _pteris_--_pteron_, a feather.] -PTERNA, ter'na, _n._ the heel-pad in birds:--_pl._ PTER'NÆ. +PTERNA, ter'na, _n._ the heel-pad in birds:--_pl._ PTER'NÆ. PTERODACTYL, ter-[=o]-dak'til, _n._ an extinct flying reptile with large and bird-like skull, long jaws, and a flying-membrane like that of a bat. @@ -22273,7 +22242,7 @@ PTEROGRAPHY, ter-og'ra-fi, _n._ the description of feathers.--_n._ PTEROG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ PTEROGRAPH'IC, -AL; PTEROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PTEROL'OGY, the science of insects' wings. -PTEROMYS, ter'[=o]-mis, _n._ a genus of _Sciuridæ_, the flying-squirrels. +PTEROMYS, ter'[=o]-mis, _n._ a genus of _Sciuridæ_, the flying-squirrels. PTERON, t[=e]'ron, _n._ a range of columns, portico.--_n._ PTER[=O]'MA, a peridrome: a side-wall. [Gr.] @@ -22293,7 +22262,7 @@ of some vertebrata behind the palatines, known in human anatomy as the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone.--_adj._ aliform or alate.--_adj._ PTERYG'IAN.--_n._ PTERYG'IUM, a generalised limb of a vertebrate. -PTERYLÆ, ter'i-l[=e], _n.pl._ the bands of contour feathers in +PTERYLÆ, ter'i-l[=e], _n.pl._ the bands of contour feathers in birds.--_adjs._ PTERYLOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PTERYLOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ PTERYLOG'RAPHY. @@ -22310,15 +22279,15 @@ beggar.] PTOLEMAIC, tol-e-m[=a]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the race of Egyptian kings called the _Ptolemies_: pertaining to _Ptolemy_ the astronomer (of the 2d -century)--also PTOLEMÆ'AN.--_n._ PTOLEM[=A]'IST, one who believes in the +century)--also PTOLEMÆ'AN.--_n._ PTOLEM[=A]'IST, one who believes in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy.--PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM, the method by which Ptolemy, the astronomer, explained the structure of the heavens and the motions of the heavenly bodies (139 A.D.). -PTOMAÏNE, t[=o]'ma-in, _n._ a somewhat loosely used generic name for those +PTOMAÃNE, t[=o]'ma-in, _n._ a somewhat loosely used generic name for those bodies, usually poisonous, formed from animal tissues during putrefaction--_putrescine_, _cadaverine_, _creatinin_, _neurin_, _choline_, -_muscarine_, &c.--Also PT[=O]'MAÏN. [Gr. _pt[=o]ma_, a corpse--_piptein_, +_muscarine_, &c.--Also PT[=O]'MAÃN. [Gr. _pt[=o]ma_, a corpse--_piptein_, to fall.] PTOSIS, t[=o]'sis, _n._ inability to raise the upper eyelid. @@ -22338,7 +22307,7 @@ P[=U]'BES, the pubic region, the hair growing thereon at puberty; P[=U]BES'CENCE, state of one arrived at puberty: (_bot_.) the soft, short hair on plants.--_adj._ P[=U]BES'CENT, arriving at puberty: (_bot._, _zool._) covered with soft, short hair; PUBIG'EROUS, pubescent. [Fr. -_puberté_--L. _pubertas_, _-tatis_--_pubes_, _puber_, grown up.] +_puberté_--L. _pubertas_, _-tatis_--_pubes_, _puber_, grown up.] PUBIS, p[=u]'bis, _n._ a bone of the pelvis which in man forms the anterior portion of the _os innominatum_.--_adjs._ P[=U]'BIC; PUBOFEM'ORAL; @@ -22392,7 +22361,7 @@ through Low L.,--L. _pullus_, a young animal.] PUCK, puk, _n._ a goblin or mischievous sprite: a merry fairy in _Midsummer Night's Dream_.--_adj._ PUCK'ISH. [M. E. _pouke_--Celt., as Ir. _puca_, W. -_pwca_, _bwg_; conn. with Ice. _púki_. Cf. _Pug_, _Bug_.] +_pwca_, _bwg_; conn. with Ice. _púki_. Cf. _Pug_, _Bug_.] PUCKA, puk'a, _adj._ durable, substantial--opp. to _Cutcha_. [Anglo-Ind.] @@ -22449,7 +22418,7 @@ a town--L. _populus_, a people.] PUERILE, p[=u]'[.e]r-[=i]l, _adj._ pertaining to children: childish: trifling: silly.--_adv._ P[=U]'ERILELY.--_ns._ P[=U]'ERILENESS, P[=U]ERIL'ITY, quality of being puerile: that which is puerile: a childish -expression. [Fr. _puéril_--L. _puerilis_--_puer_, a child.] +expression. [Fr. _puéril_--L. _puerilis_--_puer_, a child.] PUERPERAL, p[=u]-[.e]r'p[.e]r-al, _adj._ relating to childbirth--also P[=U]ER'PEROUS.--_adv._ P[=U]ER'PERALLY.--PUERPERAL FEVER, fever occurring @@ -22510,8 +22479,8 @@ PUGREE, pug'r[=e], _n._ a light scarf worn round the hat to keep off the sun.--Also PUG'GREE, PUG'GERY, PUG'AREE. [Hind. _pagr[=i]_, a turban.] PUISNE, p[=u]'ne, _adj._ (_law_) younger or inferior in rank, applied to -certain judges in England. [O. Fr. (Fr. _puiné_), from _puis_--L. _post_, -after, _né_, pa.p. of _naître_--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] +certain judges in England. [O. Fr. (Fr. _puiné_), from _puis_--L. _post_, +after, _né_, pa.p. of _naître_--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] PUISSANT, p[=u]'is-ant, _adj._ potent or powerful: strong: forcible.--_n._ P[=U]'ISSANCE, power, strength, force.--_adv._ P[=U]'ISSANTLY.--_n._ @@ -22535,7 +22504,7 @@ pipe.] PULEX, p[=u]'leks, _n._ a genus of insects: the flea. [L.] -PULKHA, pul'kä, _n._ a Laplander's sledge, shaped like a boat.--Also PULK. +PULKHA, pul'kä, _n._ a Laplander's sledge, shaped like a boat.--Also PULK. [Lap.] PULL, p[=oo]l, _v.t._ to draw, or try to draw, with force: to draw or @@ -22571,7 +22540,7 @@ whole forming a pulley; PULL'EY-SHELL, the casing of a pulley-block. [M. E. _poleyne_--Fr. _poulain_--Low L. _pullanus_--_pullus_; acc. to Diez, from Fr. _poulie_, itself from Eng. _pull_.] -PULLMAN-CAR, p[=oo]l'man-kär, _n._ a railway sleeping-car or palace-car, +PULLMAN-CAR, p[=oo]l'man-kär, _n._ a railway sleeping-car or palace-car, first made by George M. _Pullman_ (b. 1831) in America. PULLULATE, pul'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to germinate, bud.--_n._ @@ -22660,7 +22629,7 @@ powder: powdery: dusty. [L. _pulvis_, _pulveris_, powder.] PULVIL, pul'vil, _n._ a bag of perfumed powder.--Also PULVIL'IO. [It. _polviglio_--L. _pulvillus_, a little cushion--_pulvinus_, a cushion.] -PULVILLAR, pul'vi-lär, _adj._ cushion or pad-like.--_adj._ PULVIL'LIFORM, +PULVILLAR, pul'vi-lär, _adj._ cushion or pad-like.--_adj._ PULVIL'LIFORM, like a pulvillus.--_n._ PULVIL'LUS, a foot-pad between the clavi of the terminal tarsal joint of an insect's leg--also PULVIN'ULUS.--_adj._ PULV[=I]'NAR, padded: formed like a cushion.--_n._ a pillow or cushion: a @@ -22668,10 +22637,10 @@ peculiar prominence on a part of the human brain.--_adjs._ PUL'VIN[=A]TE, -D, PULVIN'IFORM, cushion-shaped. [L. _pulvillus_, _pulvinus_, a cushion, _pulvinar_, a soft couch.] -PULWAR, pul'wär, _n._ a light keelless boat used on the Ganges.--Also +PULWAR, pul'wär, _n._ a light keelless boat used on the Ganges.--Also PAL'WAR. -PULZA-OIL, pul'zä-oil, _n._ an oil obtained from the seeds of _Fatropha +PULZA-OIL, pul'zä-oil, _n._ an oil obtained from the seeds of _Fatropha Curcas_, from the Cape Verd Islands. PUMA, p[=u]'ma, _n._ a carnivorous animal, of the cat kind, of a @@ -22682,7 +22651,7 @@ PUMICE, pum'is, or p[=u]'mis, _n._ a hard, light, spongy substance, formed of lava, from which gas or steam has escaped while hardening.--_v.t._ to polish or rub with pumice-stone--also P[=U]'MIC[=A]TE.--_adjs._ PUMI'CEOUS, PUM'ICIFORM, of or like pumice.--_ns._ PUM'ICE-STONE (same as PUMICE); -P[=U]'MY (_Spens._), a pebble, stone. [A.S. _pumic-_(_-stán_), pumice +P[=U]'MY (_Spens._), a pebble, stone. [A.S. _pumic-_(_-stán_), pumice (-stone)--L. _pumex_, _pumicis_, for _spumex_--_spuma_, foam--_spu[)e]re_. Cf. _Spume_, and _Pounce_, a fine powder.] @@ -22791,7 +22760,7 @@ PUNC'TU[=A]TOR.--PUNCTUATION MARKS, the comma, semicolon, colon, period, PUNCTUM, pungk'tum, _n._ (_anat._) a point, dot.--_adjs._ PUNC'T[=U]LATE, -D.--_ns._ PUNCT[=U]L[=A]'TION; PUNC'T[=U]LE; PUNC'T[=U]LUM.--PUNCTUM -CÆCUM, the point of the retina from which the optic nerve fibres radiate, +CÆCUM, the point of the retina from which the optic nerve fibres radiate, so called because impervious to light. PUNCTURE, pungk't[=u]r, _n._ a pricking: a small hole made with a sharp @@ -22828,7 +22797,7 @@ pertaining to punishment: inflicting punishment; P[=U]'NITORY, punishing: tending to punishment. [Fr. _punir_, _punis-sant_--L. _pun[=i]re_, to punish--_poena_, penalty.] -PUNJABEE, PUNJABI, pun-jä'b[=e], _n._ a native or inhabitant of the +PUNJABEE, PUNJABI, pun-jä'b[=e], _n._ a native or inhabitant of the _Punjab_ in India. PUNK, pungk, _n._ rotten wood used as tinder: (_Shak._) a strumpet. @@ -22867,12 +22836,12 @@ pup'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pupped.--_n._ PUP.--BE IN PUP, to be pregnant, said of dogs. [_Puppy._] PUPA, p[=u]'pa, _n._ an insect enclosed in a case while passing from the -caterpillar to the winged stage: a chrysalis--also P[=U]PE:--_pl._ PUPÆ +caterpillar to the winged stage: a chrysalis--also P[=U]PE:--_pl._ PUPÆ (p[=u]'p[=e]).--_adjs._ P[=U]'PAL, P[=U]P[=A]'RIAL.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'RIUM, a pupa included within the last larval skin.--_v.i._ P[=U]P[=A]TE', to become a pupa.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PIFORM; P[=U]PIG'EROUS.--_n._ P[=U]PIP'ARA, a division of dipterous insects having -pupæ developed within the body of the mother.--_adjs._ P[=U]PIP'AROUS; +pupæ developed within the body of the mother.--_adjs._ P[=U]PIP'AROUS; P[=U]PIV'OROUS; P[=U]'POID. [L. _pupa_, a girl, a doll, fem. of _pupus_, a boy, a child; cf. _puer_, a boy.] @@ -22903,11 +22872,11 @@ _poupette_, dim. from L. _pupa_.] PUPPY, pup'i, _n._ a doll: a young dog: a whelp: a conceited young man.--_adj._ PUPP'Y-HEAD'ED (_Shak._), stupid.--_n._ PUPP'YHOOD, the condition of being a puppy.--_adj._ PUPP'YISH.--_n._ PUPP'YISM, conceit in -men. [Fr. _poupée_, a doll or puppet--L. _pupa_.] +men. [Fr. _poupée_, a doll or puppet--L. _pupa_.] PUR. See PURR. -PURANA, p[=oo]-rä'na, _n._ one of a class of sacred poetical books in +PURANA, p[=oo]-rä'na, _n._ one of a class of sacred poetical books in Sanscrit literature, forming with the Tantras the main foundation of the actual popular creed of the Brahmanical Hindus.--_adj._ PURAN'IC. [Sans. _pur[=a]na_--_pur[=a]_, ancient.] @@ -22932,7 +22901,7 @@ a house, an estate, &c. equal to the amount of the rent or income during the stated number of years. [O. Fr. _porchacier_ (Fr. _pourchasser_), to seek eagerly, pursue--_pur_ (L. _pro_), for, _chasser_, to chase.] -PURDAH, pur'dä, _n._ a curtain screening a chamber of state or the women's +PURDAH, pur'dä, _n._ a curtain screening a chamber of state or the women's apartments: the seclusion itself. [Hind. _parda_, a screen.] PURE, p[=u]r, _adj._ (_comp._ PUR'ER; _superl._ PUR'EST) clean: unsoiled: @@ -22948,7 +22917,7 @@ themselves and their relation to each other, and not in their application to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, as _pure mathematics_, _pure logic_, &c. [Fr. _pur_--L. _purus_, pure.] -PURÉE, pü-r[=a]', _n._ a soup, such as pea-soup, in which there are no +PURÉE, pü-r[=a]', _n._ a soup, such as pea-soup, in which there are no pieces of solids. [Fr.] PURFLE, pur'fl, _v.t._ to decorate with a wrought or flowered border: @@ -23046,7 +23015,7 @@ red hat and robes worn by cardinals.--_adj._ red tinged with blue: blood-red: bloody.--_v.t._ to dye purple: to clothe with purple.--_v.i._ to become purple in colour.--_n._ PUR'PLE-FISH, a shellfish of genus _Purpura_.--_adjs._ PUR'PLE-FROST'Y (_Tenn._), purple with frost or cold; -PUR'PLE-HUED (_Shak._), having a purple hue.--_n.pl._ PUR'PLES, petechiæ or +PUR'PLE-HUED (_Shak._), having a purple hue.--_n.pl._ PUR'PLES, petechiæ or spots of livid red on the body: a disease of wheat: an early purple-flowered orchid.--_adj._ PUR'PLE-SPIKED, having purple spikes.--_ns._ PUR'PLE-WOOD, -HEART, the heartwood of _Copaifera @@ -23277,12 +23246,12 @@ PUTID, p[=u]'tid, _adj._ rotten: stinking: worthless.--_n._ P[=U]'TIDNESS. PUT-LOG, put'-log, _n._ a cross-piece in a scaffolding, the inner end resting in a hole left in the wall. -PUTOIS, pü-twa', _n._ a brush of polecat's hair for pottery. [Fr.] +PUTOIS, pü-twa', _n._ a brush of polecat's hair for pottery. [Fr.] PUTOO, put'[=oo], _n._ a dish made of palmyra-nut meal, scraped coco-nut, &c. -PUTORIUS, p[=u]-t[=o]'ri-us, _n._ a large family of _Mustelidæ_, including +PUTORIUS, p[=u]-t[=o]'ri-us, _n._ a large family of _Mustelidæ_, including weasels, stoats, polecats, ferrets, &c. PUTREFY, p[=u]'tre-f[=i], _v.t._ to make putrid or rotten: to @@ -23329,7 +23298,7 @@ a blunt, flexible blade for laying on putty; PUTT'Y-POW'DER, an artificially prepared oxide of tin used for polishing glass; PUTT'Y-ROOT, an American orchid the corm of whose root-stock contains a highly glutinous matter; PUTT'Y-WORK, decoration in a soft substance which grows very hard. -[O. Fr. _potée_, properly that which is contained in a pot, Fr. _pot._] +[O. Fr. _potée_, properly that which is contained in a pot, Fr. _pot._] PUT-UP, poot'-up, _adj._ speciously conceived, planned, or carried out. [_Put._] @@ -23337,7 +23306,7 @@ PUT-UP, poot'-up, _adj._ speciously conceived, planned, or carried out. PUTURE, p[=u]'t[=u]r, _n._ the claim to food for man, horse, and dog within the bounds of a forest, &c.--Also PUL'T[=U]RE. [O. Fr. _peulture_.] -PUXI, puk'si, _n._ the edible larvæ of various flies of the genus +PUXI, puk'si, _n._ the edible larvæ of various flies of the genus _Ephydra_, found in the alkali lakes of western North America. [Mex. Ind.] PUY, pw[=e], _n._ one of the small volcanic cones in Auvergne, &c. [Fr.] @@ -23358,12 +23327,12 @@ together again.--_adj._ PUZZ'LING, posing: perplexing.--_adv._ PUZZ'LINGLY. [From M. E. _opposaile_ (Eng. _opposal_), an objection--_opposen_, _posen_. Cf. _Pose_ and _Oppose_.] -PUZZOLANA, puz-[=o]-lä'na, _n._ a loosely coherent volcanic sand found at +PUZZOLANA, puz-[=o]-lä'na, _n._ a loosely coherent volcanic sand found at _Pozzuoli_, near Naples, forming a hydraulic cement with ordinary -lime.--Also PUZZOLÄ'NO, POZZUOLÄ'NA. +lime.--Also PUZZOLÄ'NO, POZZUOLÄ'NA. -PYÆMIA, PYEMIA, p[=i]-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a disease caused by the introduction -into the blood of decomposing matter, from pus, &c.--_adjs._ PYÆ'MIC, +PYÆMIA, PYEMIA, p[=i]-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a disease caused by the introduction +into the blood of decomposing matter, from pus, &c.--_adjs._ PYÆ'MIC, PY[=E]'MIC. [Gr. _pyon_, pus, _haima_, blood.] PYCNID, pik'nid, _n._ a special receptacle in ascomycetous fungi, @@ -23384,7 +23353,7 @@ PYCNON, pik'non, _n._ (_mus._) a small interval in Greek music, a quarter-tone: in medieval music, a semi-tone. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick.] PYCNOSTYLE, pik'n[=o]-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) noting a lower degree of -intercolumniation, usually 1½ diameters. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _stylos_, a +intercolumniation, usually 1½ diameters. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _stylos_, a column.] PYEBALD. See PIEBALD. @@ -23409,7 +23378,7 @@ Africa and elsewhere: one of the ancient diminutive dwellers in underground houses, &c., in whom David MacRitchie sees the historical originals of the fairies and elves of folklore.--_adj._ resembling a pygmy: very small.--_adj._ PYGM[=E]'AN, dwarfish: diminutive. [O. Fr. _pigme_, -_pygme_--L. _Pygmæi_--Gr. _Pygmaioi_, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) _pygm[=e]_--13½ +_pygme_--L. _Pygmæi_--Gr. _Pygmaioi_, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) _pygm[=e]_--13½ in. long--_pygm[=e]_, fist.] PYGOPUS, p[=i]'g[=o]-pus, _n._ a genus of Australian lizards. @@ -23418,9 +23387,9 @@ PYGOSTYLE, p[=i]'g[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ the vomer or ploughshare bone of a bird's tail.--_adj._ PY'GOSTYLED. [Gr. _pyg[=e]_, the rump, _stylos_, a column.] -PYJAMAS, pe-jä'maz, _n.pl._ loose drawers or trousers tied round the waist, -in India, used also by Europeans.--Also PAIJÄ'MAS, PAJÄ'MAS. [Hind. -_p[=a]ëj[=a]ma_, lit. 'leg-clothing.'] +PYJAMAS, pe-jä'maz, _n.pl._ loose drawers or trousers tied round the waist, +in India, used also by Europeans.--Also PAIJÄ'MAS, PAJÄ'MAS. [Hind. +_p[=a]ëj[=a]ma_, lit. 'leg-clothing.'] PYLON, p[=i]'lon, _n._ a gateway to an Egyptian temple: the mass of building through which the gateway was pierced. [Gr. _pyl[=o]n_--_pyl[=e]_, @@ -23464,7 +23433,7 @@ PYRENE, p[=i]'r[=e]n, _n._ a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. PYRENEAN, pir-[=e]-n[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Pyrenees_, the range of mountains between France and Spain.--_n._ PYREN[=E]'ITE, a -grayish-black garnet. [L. _Pyrenæi_ (_montes_), the Pyrenees.] +grayish-black garnet. [L. _Pyrenæi_ (_montes_), the Pyrenees.] PYRENOMYCETES, p[=i]-r[=e]-n[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'tez, _n.pl._ an order of ascomycetous fungi, including ergot, black-rot, &c. [Gr. _pyren_, a stone, @@ -23665,7 +23634,7 @@ scepticism. PYRRHOUS, pir'us, _adj._ reddish. [Gr.] PYRUS, p[=i]'rus, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order -_Rosaceæ_, sub-order _Pomeæ_. [L. _pyrus_, for _pirus_, a pear-tree.] +_Rosaceæ_, sub-order _Pomeæ_. [L. _pyrus_, for _pirus_, a pear-tree.] PYTHAGOREAN, pi-thag-[=o]-r[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Pythagoras_ (_c._ 532 B.C.), a celebrated Greek philosopher, or to his philosophy.--_n._ a @@ -23715,7 +23684,7 @@ Q the seventeenth letter of our alphabet--absent from the Anglo-Saxon alphabet, in which the sound was expressed by _cw_; in Scotland replacing _hw_, now always followed by _u_: Roman numeral=500. -QUA, kwä, _adv._ as far as. [L.] +QUA, kwä, _adv._ as far as. [L.] QUAB, QUOB, kwob, _v.i._ (_obs._) to tremble. @@ -23736,7 +23705,7 @@ in prison.--Also QUOD. [_Quadrangle._] QUAD, kwod, _n._ (_print._) an abbreviation of _quadrat_.--_v.t._ to fill with quadrats. -QUADRA, kwod'ra, _n._ a frame enclosing a bas-relief:--_pl._ QUAD'RÆ +QUADRA, kwod'ra, _n._ a frame enclosing a bas-relief:--_pl._ QUAD'RÆ (-[=e]). [L. _quadrus_, square.] QUADRAGENARIAN, kwod-ra-j[=e]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ consisting of forty: @@ -23760,7 +23729,7 @@ QUADRANS, kwod'ranz, _n._ a Roman copper coin, the fourth part of the _as_:--_pl._ QUADRAN'TES. [L.] QUADRANT, kwod'rant, _n._ (_geom._) the fourth part of a circle, or an arc -of 90°: an instrument used in astronomy for the determination of angular +of 90°: an instrument used in astronomy for the determination of angular measurements: an instrument of navigation for measuring the altitude of the sun.--_adj._ QUADRANT'AL, pertaining to, equal to, or included in a quadrant. [L. _quadrans_, from _quatuor_, four.] @@ -23783,7 +23752,7 @@ quadrate bone.--_ns._ QUADR[=A]'TRIX, a curve by which may be found straight lines equal to the circumference of circles or other curves; QUAD'R[=A]TURE, a squaring: (_geom._) the finding, exactly or approximately, of a square that shall be equal to a given figure of some -other shape: the position of a heavenly body when 90° distant from another: +other shape: the position of a heavenly body when 90° distant from another: (_Milt._) a square space; QUADR[=A]'TUS, the _quadratus femoris_, or square muscle of the femur in man, the _quadratus lumborum_, that of the loins, the _depressor labii inferioris_, that of the chin, which draws down the @@ -23811,7 +23780,7 @@ QUADRICENTENNIAL, kwod-ri-sen-ten'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a period of QUADRICEPS, kwod'ri-seps, _n._ the great muscle which extends the leg upon the thigh.--_adj._ QUADRICIP'ITAL. [L. _quatuor_, four, _caput_, head.] -QUADRICORN, kwod'ri-korn, _adj._ and _n._ having four horns, antennæ, +QUADRICORN, kwod'ri-korn, _adj._ and _n._ having four horns, antennæ, &c.--Also QUADRICORN'OUS. QUADRICYCLE, kwod'ri-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a four-wheeled vehicle propelled by the @@ -23828,8 +23797,8 @@ QUADRIFOLIATE, kwod-ri-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, _adj._ four-leaved. QUADRIFORM, kwod'ri-form, _adj._ fourfold in form, arrangement, &c. QUADRIGA, kwod-r[=i]'ga, _n._ in Greek and Roman times a two-wheeled car -drawn by four horses abreast:--_pl._ QUADR[=I]'GÆ. [L., a contr. of -_quadrijugæ_--_quatuor_, four, _jugum_, a yoke.] +drawn by four horses abreast:--_pl._ QUADR[=I]'GÆ. [L., a contr. of +_quadrijugæ_--_quatuor_, four, _jugum_, a yoke.] QUADRIGEMINOUS, kwod-ri-jem'i-nus, _adj._ fourfold, having four similar parts.--Also QUADRIGEM'INAL, QUADRIGEM'IN[=A]TE. @@ -23927,13 +23896,13 @@ ALLIANCE, a league formed in 1718 between England, France, Austria, and Holland to counteract the ambitious schemes of Alberoni. [Fr.,--L. _quadruplus_--_quatuor_, four.] -QUÆSITUM, kw[=e]-s[=i]'tum, _n._ something sought or required:--_pl._ -QUÆS[=I]'TA. [L. neut. of _quæsitus_, pa.p. of _quær[)e]re_, to seek.] +QUÆSITUM, kw[=e]-s[=i]'tum, _n._ something sought or required:--_pl._ +QUÆS[=I]'TA. [L. neut. of _quæsitus_, pa.p. of _quær[)e]re_, to seek.] -QUÆSTOR, kw[=e]s'tor, _n._ a magistrate with charge of the Roman public +QUÆSTOR, kw[=e]s'tor, _n._ a magistrate with charge of the Roman public funds--originally who investigated cases of murder and executed sentence: in the Middle Ages an officer who announced indulgences: a treasurer--also -QUES'TOR.--_ns._ QUÆS'TORSHIP, QUES'TORSHIP. [L.,--_quærere_, _quæsitum_, +QUES'TOR.--_ns._ QUÆS'TORSHIP, QUES'TORSHIP. [L.,--_quærere_, _quæsitum_, to seek.] QUAFF, kwaf, _v.t._ to drink in large draughts.--_v.i._ to drink @@ -23961,7 +23930,7 @@ wood. [Gael. _cuach_, a cup.] QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _v.i._ to cower: to fail in spirit: (_Shak._) to slacken.--_v.t._ to subdue: to terrify.--_n._ QUAIL'ING (_Shak._), act of one who quails: a failing in courage. [A.S. _cwelan_, to die; Ger. -_quälen_, to suffer.] +_quälen_, to suffer.] QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _n._ a small gallinaceous bird, related to the partridge family: (_Shak._) a whore.--_ns._ QUAIL'-CALL, -PIPE, a call for alluring @@ -24021,7 +23990,7 @@ the identity of its subject, as opposed to an _Essential_ quality; THE QUALITY, persons of high rank, collectively. [Fr.,--L. _qualitas_, _qualitatis_.] -QUALM, kwäm, _n._ a sudden attack of illness: a sensation of nausea: a +QUALM, kwäm, _n._ a sudden attack of illness: a sensation of nausea: a scruple, as of conscience.--_adj._ QUALM'ISH, affected with qualm, or a disposition to vomit, or with slight sickness: uneasy.--_adv._ QUALM'ISHLY.--_n._ QUALM'ISHNESS. [A.S. _cwealm_, death; Ger. _qualm_, @@ -24034,7 +24003,7 @@ native peach. [Austr.] QUANDARY, kwon-d[=a]'ri, or kwon'da-ri, _n._ a state of difficulty or uncertainty: a hard plight. [Prob. M. E. _wandreth_, peril--Ice. -_vandrætdi_, trouble.] +_vandrætdi_, trouble.] QUANNET, kwan'et, _n._ a file for scraping zinc plates: a kind of file used in comb-making. @@ -24069,7 +24038,7 @@ QUANTUM, kwon'tum, _n._ quantity: amount:--_pl._ QUAN'TA.--QUANTUM SUFFICIT--as much as is sufficient. [L. _quantum_, neut. of _quantus_, how great.] -QUAQUAVERSAL, kwä-kwä-ver'sal, _adj._ (_geol._) inclining outward in all +QUAQUAVERSAL, kwä-kwä-ver'sal, _adj._ (_geol._) inclining outward in all directions from a centre: facing all ways.--_adv._ QUAQUAVER'SALLY. [L. _quaqua_, wheresoever, _vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.] @@ -24083,10 +24052,10 @@ of, or controlled by, quarantine.--QUARANTINE FLAG, a yellow flag displayed by a ship to signify the presence on board of contagious disease. [Fr. _quarantaine_--L. _quadraginta_, forty--_quatuor_, four.] -QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a segment of fireclay used in making covers for retorts, +QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a segment of fireclay used in making covers for retorts, &c. -QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a medusa or jelly-fish. +QUARL, kwärl, _n._ a medusa or jelly-fish. QUARREL, kwor'el, _n._ a square of glass placed diagonally: a lozenge or diamond: a diamond pane of glass: a small square tile: a square-headed @@ -24116,7 +24085,7 @@ _pa.p._ quarr'ied.--_adj._ QUARR'IABLE, capable of being quarried.--_ns._ QUARR'IER, QUARR'Y-MAN, a man who works in a quarry.--_adj._ QUARR'Y-FACED, rough-faced.--_ns._ QUARR'YING-MACHINE', a rock-drill; QUARR'Y-WA'TER, the water contained in the pores of stone while unquarried, or newly quarried, -before its evaporation. [O. Fr. _quarriere_ (Fr. _carrière_)--Low L. +before its evaporation. [O. Fr. _quarriere_ (Fr. _carrière_)--Low L. _quadraria_--L. _quadratus_, square.] QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ the entrails of the game given to the dogs after the @@ -24127,14 +24096,14 @@ _corium_, hide.] QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ a small square tile.--_adj._ QUARR'IED, paved with such. [O. Fr. _quarre_--L. _quadratus_, square.] -QUART, QUARTE, kärt, _n._ a sequence of four cards: one of the eight +QUART, QUARTE, kärt, _n._ a sequence of four cards: one of the eight thrusts and parries in fencing.--QUART AND TIERCE, practice between fencers. [Fr. _quarte_.] QUART, kwort, or kwawrt, _n._ the fourth part of a gallon, or two pints: a vessel containing two pints: (_Spens._) a quarter: the peck or quarter of a bushel: (_mus._) the interval of a fourth.--_n._ QUART[=A]'TION, the -parting of gold and silver by means of nitric acid.--QUART D'ÉCU (_Shak._), +parting of gold and silver by means of nitric acid.--QUART D'ÉCU (_Shak._), a cardecu. [Fr. _quarte_--L. _quartus_, fourth--_quatuor_, four.] QUARTAN, kwor'tan, _adj._ occurring every fourth day, as a fever or @@ -24160,7 +24129,7 @@ shift or change position: to range for game: to drive across a road from side to side.--_ns._ QUAR'TER[=A]GE, a quarterly payment: quarters, lodging: a name applied to a particular tax; QUAR'TER-BACK, a certain player or position in football (see BACK); QUAR'TER-BEND, a bend in a pipe -or rod altering its direction 90°; QUAR'TER-BILL, a list of the stations +or rod altering its direction 90°; QUAR'TER-BILL, a list of the stations for men on board a man-of-war during action; QUAR'TER-BLANK'ET, a horse-blanket for the hind quarters.--_n.pl._ QUAR'TER-BLOCKS, blocks fitted under the quarters of a yard, on each side the slings, for the @@ -24208,7 +24177,7 @@ QUAR'TERMASTER-GEN'ERAL, in the British army, a staff-officer of high rank marches, quarters, fuel, clothing, &c.; QUAR'TERN, the fourth part of a peck, a stone, or a pint: the quarter of a pound; QUAR'TERN-LOAF, a loaf weighing, generally, four pounds; QUARTEROON' (see QUADROON); -QUAR'TER-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 3¼ by 4¼ inches: +QUAR'TER-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 3¼ by 4¼ inches: a picture of this size; QUAR'TER-ROUND, a moulding having an outline approximating to a quadrant, an _ovolo_: any tool adapted for making such; QUAR'TER-SEAL, the seal kept by the director of the Chancery of @@ -24224,9 +24193,9 @@ musical composition of four parts for voices or instruments: a stanza of four lines.--_adj._ QUAR'TIC (_math._), of the fourth degree or order.--_n._ an algebraic function of the fourth degree.--_n._ QUAR'TILE (_astrol._), an aspect of planets when their longitudes differ by -90°.--_adj._ QUAR'TO, having the sheet folded into four leaves (abbrev. -4to).--_n._ a book of a quarto size:--_pl._ QUAR'TOS (demy quarto, 8¾ × 11¼ -in.; medium quarto, 9¼ × 11¾ in.; royal quarto, 10 × 12½ in.).--BEAT UP THE +90°.--_adj._ QUAR'TO, having the sheet folded into four leaves (abbrev. +4to).--_n._ a book of a quarto size:--_pl._ QUAR'TOS (demy quarto, 8¾ × 11¼ +in.; medium quarto, 9¼ × 11¾ in.; royal quarto, 10 × 12½ in.).--BEAT UP THE QUARTERS OF, to disturb: to visit unceremoniously; COME TO CLOSE QUARTERS, to get into a hand-to-hand struggle.--SMALL QUARTO, a square octavo: a book having eight leaves to a sheet but the shape of a quarto.--WINTER QUARTERS, @@ -24274,7 +24243,7 @@ shake.] QUASSIA, kwash'i-a, _n._ a South American tree, the bitter wood and bark of which are used as a tonic.--_ns._ QUASS'INE, QUASS'ITE, the bitter principle of quassia-wood, the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. [So called -by Linnæus from a negro named _Quassi_, who first discoverer its value +by Linnæus from a negro named _Quassi_, who first discoverer its value against fever.] QUAT, kwot, _n._ (_Shak._) a pimple: an insignificant person. @@ -24322,7 +24291,7 @@ _quabbeln_.] QUAY, k[=e], _n._ a landing-place: a wharf for the loading or unloading of vessels.--_n._ QUAY'AGE, payment for use of a quay. [O. Fr. _quay_--Celt., -as in Bret. _kaé_, and W. _cae_, an enclosure.] +as in Bret. _kaé_, and W. _cae_, an enclosure.] QUAYD, kw[=a]d, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as QUELLED. @@ -24337,11 +24306,11 @@ nausea: fastidious: ticklish, nice.--_adv._ QUEA'SILY.--_n._ QUEA'SINESS. [Scand.; Norw. _kveis_, sickness after a debauch, Ice. _-kveisa_, pains, as in _idhra-kveisa_, pains in the stomach.] -QUEBRACHO, ke-brä'ch[=o], _n._ the bark of several hard-wooded South +QUEBRACHO, ke-brä'ch[=o], _n._ the bark of several hard-wooded South American trees--good in fever. [Port.,--_quebrahacho_, axe-breaker--_quebrar_, to break, _hacha_, _facha_, axe.] -QUEBRADA, ke-brä'da, _n._ a ravine. [Sp. Amer.] +QUEBRADA, ke-brä'da, _n._ a ravine. [Sp. Amer.] QUEEN, kw[=e]n, _n._ the wife of a king: a female sovereign: the best or chief of her kind: a queen-bee or queen-ant: of playing-cards, one with the @@ -24377,8 +24346,8 @@ designation of a peculiarly shaped kiln which used to be situated at the corner of the tobacco warehouses belonging to the London Docks, and in which contraband goods were burned; QUEEN'S WARE, a variety of Wedgwood ware, otherwise known as _cream-coloured ware_; QUEEN'S YELLOW, the yellow -subsulphate of mercury. [A.S. _cwén_; Goth. _kw[=e]ns_, Ice. _kván_, -_kvæn_.] +subsulphate of mercury. [A.S. _cwén_; Goth. _kw[=e]ns_, Ice. _kván_, +_kvæn_.] * Now _King's Bench_, &c. @@ -24409,7 +24378,7 @@ QUELL, kwel, _v.t._ to crush: subdue: to allay.--_v.i._ to die, perish, quelling; QUELL'ER, one who quells or crushes: a slayer. [A.S. _cwellan_, to kill, causal of _cwelan_, to die. Cf. _Quail_ (v.).] -QUEME, kw[=e]m, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to please, suit, fit. [A.S. _cwéman_; cf. +QUEME, kw[=e]m, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to please, suit, fit. [A.S. _cwéman_; cf. Ger. _bequem_, fit.] QUENCH, kwensh, _v.t._ to put out: to destroy: to check: to allay: to place @@ -24464,15 +24433,15 @@ complain.] QUERY, kw[=e]'ri, _n._ an inquiry: the mark of interrogation.--_v.t._ to inquire into: to question: to doubt of: to mark with a query.--_v.i._ to question:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ qu[=e]'ried.--_adj._ QUES'ITIVE, -interrogatory. [L. _quære_, imper. of _quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to +interrogatory. [L. _quære_, imper. of _quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to inquire.] QUEST, kwest, _n._ the act of seeking: search: pursuit: a searching party: a jury of inquest: inquiry, investigation: request or desire.--_v.i._ to go in search of, to go begging: to give tongue, as a dog after game.--_ns._ QUEST'ANT, QUEST'ER (_Shak._), one who seeks after anything, a -candidate.--_adj._ QUEST'FUL. [O. Fr. _queste_ (Fr. _quête_)--L. _quæsita_ -(_res_), a thing sought--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.] +candidate.--_adj._ QUEST'FUL. [O. Fr. _queste_ (Fr. _quête_)--L. _quæsita_ +(_res_), a thing sought--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.] QUESTION, kwest'yun, _n._ a seeking: an inquiry: an examination, esp. by torture: an investigation: dispute: doubt: a subject of discussion, esp. @@ -24495,9 +24464,9 @@ challenge, to subject to judicial inquiry; IN QUESTION, under consideration, referring to a thing just mentioned; LEADING-QUESTION (see LEAD); OUT OF QUESTION, doubtless; OUT OF THE QUESTION, not to be thought of; POP THE QUESTION (see POP); PREVIOUS QUESTION (see PREVIOUS). [Fr.,--L. -_quæstion-em_--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.] +_quæstion-em_--_quær[)e]re_, _quæsitum_, to seek.] -QUESTOR, QUESTORSHIP. See QUÆSTOR. +QUESTOR, QUESTORSHIP. See QUÆSTOR. QUETZAL, kwet'sal, _n._ the resplendent trogon, a native of Central America, the plumage of the male a magnificent golden green.--Also QUES'AL, @@ -24509,7 +24478,7 @@ of a violin: (_her._) the tail of a beast.--_v.t._ to tie or fasten in a queue or pigtail. [Fr.,--L. _cauda_, a tail.] QUEY, kw[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a young cow or heifer, a cow that has not yet -had a calf. [Ice. _kvíga_; Dan. _kvie_.] +had a calf. [Ice. _kvÃga_; Dan. _kvie_.] QUHILK, hwilk, _pron._ an obsolete Scotch form of which. @@ -24592,7 +24561,7 @@ pretends to know all occurrences. [L., 'what now?'] QUID PRO QUO, kwid pr[=o] kw[=o], _n._ something given or taken as equivalent to something else. [L., 'something for something.'] -QUIEN SABE, kien sä'be, who knows? a common reply to a question in the +QUIEN SABE, kien sä'be, who knows? a common reply to a question in the south-western United States, meaning 'I do not know.' [Sp. _quien_, who--L. _quis_, who; _sabe_, 3d pers. sing. pres. indic. of _saber_, to know--L. _sap[)e]re_, to have sense.] @@ -24649,7 +24618,7 @@ QUILLED, furnished with quills, or formed into a quill.--_ns._ QUILL'-NIB, a quill-pen shortened for use with a holder; QUILL'-TURN, the machine in which a weaver's quill is turned; QUILL'-WORK, embroidery with porcupine quills, done by the North American Indians; QUILL'-WORT, any plant of the -genus Isoëtes, esp. _Isoëtes lacustris_.--IN THE QUILL (_Shak._), +genus Isoëtes, esp. _Isoëtes lacustris_.--IN THE QUILL (_Shak._), perhaps=penned, though others interpret 'in form and order like a quilled ruff.' [Explained by Skeat as orig. a stalk, hence anything pointed, O. Fr. _quille_, a peg--Old High Ger. _kegil_ or _chegil_ (Ger. _kegel_), a @@ -24759,7 +24728,7 @@ five-toothed; QUINQUEF[=A]'RIOUS, disposed in five sets or rows; QUIN'QUEFID, cleft into five segments; QUINQUEF[=O]'LIATE, -D (_bot._), having five leaves or leaflets; QUINQUELIT'ERAL, consisting of five letters; QUINQUEL[=O]'BATE, having five lobes; QUINQUELOC'ULAR, having five -loculi; QUINQUEPÄR'TITE, five-parted; QUINQUESEP'TATE, having five septa; +loculi; QUINQUEPÄR'TITE, five-parted; QUINQUESEP'TATE, having five septa; QUINQUES[=E]'RIAL, arranged in five series; QUINQUESYLLAB'IC, having five syllables; QUINQUEV'ALENT, having an equivalence of five; QUIN'QUEVALVE, QUINQUEVAL'VULAR, having five valves. @@ -24771,9 +24740,9 @@ five years.--_n._ a fifth anniversary or its celebration. QUINQUEREME, kwin'kwe-r[=e]m, _n._ an ancient galley having five banks of oars. [L.,--_quinque_, five, _remus_, an oar.] -QUINQUINA, kin-k[=i]'nä, _n._ quinaquina. [_Quinine_.] +QUINQUINA, kin-k[=i]'nä, _n._ quinaquina. [_Quinine_.] -QUINQUINO, kin'ki-n[=o], _n._ the tree (_Myroxylon Pereiræ_) which yields +QUINQUINO, kin'ki-n[=o], _n._ the tree (_Myroxylon Pereiræ_) which yields the balsam of Peru. QUINSY, kwin'zi, _n._ an inflammatory affection of the substance of the @@ -24788,7 +24757,7 @@ string of a violin.--_adj._ QUINT'AN, recurring on every fifth day.--_n._ a malarial fever whose paroxysms recur on every fifth day. [Fr.,--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.] -QUINTA, kwin'tä, _n._ a country house in Madeira. [Sp.] +QUINTA, kwin'tä, _n._ a country house in Madeira. [Sp.] QUINTAD, kwin'tad, _n._ the same as _Pentad_. @@ -24801,7 +24770,7 @@ _quintus_, fifth, the place of recreation in the Roman camp being between the fifth and sixth maniples.] QUINTAL, kwin'tal, _n._ a hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds according -to the scale.--The QUINTAL MÉTRIQUE, the modern French quintal, is 100 +to the scale.--The QUINTAL MÉTRIQUE, the modern French quintal, is 100 kilograms=220 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr. and Sp. _quintal_--Ar. _qint[)a]r_--L. _centum_, a hundred.] @@ -24819,7 +24788,7 @@ dim. of _quinto_, a fifth part--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.] QUINTIC, kwin'tik, _adj._ of the fifth degree. QUINTILE, kwin'til, _n._ the aspect of planets distant from each other the -fifth part of the zodiac, or 72°. +fifth part of the zodiac, or 72°. QUINTILLION, kwin-til'yun, _n._ the fifth power of a million, or a unit followed by thirty ciphers: generally, in U.S., the sixth power of one @@ -24926,12 +24895,12 @@ QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) nimble, active. QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _n._ a case for arrows.--_adj._ QUIV'ERED, furnished with a quiver: sheathed, as in a quiver. [O. Fr. _cuivre_; from Old High -Ger. _kohhar_ (Ger. _köcher_); cog. with A.S. _cocer_.] +Ger. _kohhar_ (Ger. _köcher_); cog. with A.S. _cocer_.] QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake with slight and tremulous motion: to tremble: to shiver.--_ns._ QUIV'ER, QUIV'ERING, a tremulous motion, shiver.--_adv._ QUIV'ERINGLY, with quivering.--_adj._ QUIV'ERISH, -tremulous. [A.S. _cwifer_, seen in adv. _cwiferlíce_, eagerly. Cf. _Quick_ +tremulous. [A.S. _cwifer_, seen in adv. _cwiferlÃce_, eagerly. Cf. _Quick_ and _Quaver_.] QUI VIVE, k[=e] v[=e]v, Who goes there?--the challenge of French sentries @@ -24954,7 +24923,7 @@ quizzed.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZER; QUIZ'ZERY.--_adj._ QUIZ'ZICAL.--_ns._ QUIZZICAL'ITY; QUIZZIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ QUIZ'ZIFY, to turn into a quiz.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZINESS, oddness; QUIZ'ZING, raillery; QUIZ'ZING-GLASS, a single eye-glass. [Origin obscure; doubtless framed from _question_, or -direct from L. _quæso_, I ask.] +direct from L. _quæso_, I ask.] QUOAD, kw[=o]'ad, _prep._ as far as, to this extent.--QUOAD HOC, as far as this; QUOAD OMNIA, in respect of all things; QUOAD SACRA, as far as @@ -25020,7 +24989,7 @@ verses--L. _quotus_, of what number?--_quot_, how many?] QUOTH, kw[=o]th, _v.t._ say, says, or said--used only in the 1st and 3d persons present and past, and always followed by its subject.--_interj._ -QU[=O]'THÄ, forsooth, indeed. [A.S. _cwethan_, pa.t. _cwæth_, to say. For +QU[=O]'THÄ, forsooth, indeed. [A.S. _cwethan_, pa.t. _cwæth_, to say. For _quoth'a_, said he--_'a_ being a corr. of _he_.] QUOTIDIAN, kw[=o]-tid'i-an, _adj._ every day: occurring daily.--_n._ @@ -25049,13 +25018,13 @@ vibration of the tip of the tongue: as a medieval numeral=80; [=R]=80,000.--THE THREE R'S, a humorous term for reading, writing, and arithmetic. -RA, rä, _n._ the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of ancient Egyptian +RA, rä, _n._ the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of ancient Egyptian mythology. RABANNA, ra-ban'a, _n._ matting made from the fibre of the raffia, in Madagascar. [Malagasy.] -RABAT, ra-bä', _n._ a neck-band with flaps worn by French ecclesiastics: a +RABAT, ra-bä', _n._ a neck-band with flaps worn by French ecclesiastics: a turned-down collar or ruff--(_obs._) RAB'ATINE, RAB[=A]'TO. [Fr.] RABATE, ra-b[=a]t', _v.t._ to beat down.--_n._ abatement. [Fr. _rabattre_, @@ -25077,7 +25046,7 @@ Hebrew.--_adv._ RABBIN'ICALLY.--_ns._ RABB'INISM, the doctrine or teaching of the rabbis: a rabbinical peculiarity of expression: the late Jewish belief which esteemed the oral law equally with the written law of God; RABB'INIST, RABB'INITE, one who adheres to the Talmud and traditions of the -rabbis; RABB[=O]'NI, my great master. [Gr.,--Heb. _rabbí_--_rab_, great, +rabbis; RABB[=O]'NI, my great master. [Gr.,--Heb. _rabbÃ_--_rab_, great, master--_r[=a]bab_, to be great. Cf. Ar. _rabb_, master, the Lord.] RABBIT, rab'it, _n._ a small rodent burrowing animal of the hare family: a @@ -25105,7 +25074,7 @@ mob.--_ns._ RABB'LEMENT, a tumultuous crowd of low people; RABB'LING to Old Dut. _rabbelen_, to gabble, Prov. Ger. _rabbeln_.] RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ an iron bar used in puddling.--_v.t._ to stir with a -rabble.--_n._ RABB'LER. [O. Fr. _roable_ (Fr. _râble_)--L. _rutabulum_, a +rabble.--_n._ RABB'LER. [O. Fr. _roable_ (Fr. _râble_)--L. _rutabulum_, a poker.] RABDOMANCY. Same as RHABDOMANCY. @@ -25155,8 +25124,8 @@ mill-race; R[=A]'CING, the running of races; R[=A]'CING-BIT, a light jointed ring-bit; CONSOL[=A]'TION-RACE (see CONSOLATION); FLAT'-RACE, a horse-race over _level_ or clear ground--opp. to a _Hurdle-race_ or _Steeplechase_, which are called generally _Obstacle-races_.--RACING -CALENDAR, a full list of races to be run. [A.S. _r['æ]s_, stream; Ice. -_rás_, rapid course.] +CALENDAR, a full list of races to be run. [A.S. _r['æ]s_, stream; Ice. +_rás_, rapid course.] RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a root.--_n._ RACE'-GIN'GER, unpulverised ginger. [O. Fr. _rais_--L. _radix_, a root.] @@ -25170,7 +25139,7 @@ RACEMIF'EROUS, bearing racemes; RAC'EM[=O]SE, RAC'EMOUS, growing in, or resembling, a raceme.--_n._ RAC'EM[=U]LE, a small raceme.--_adj._ RACEM'UL[=O]SE, bearing small racemes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_.] -RACH, RATCH, rach, _n._ a dog that hunts by scent. [A.S. _ræcc_, a dog; +RACH, RATCH, rach, _n._ a dog that hunts by scent. [A.S. _ræcc_, a dog; Ice. _rakki_.] RACHIANECTES, ra-ki-an-ek'tez, _n._ the gray whale of the North Pacific. @@ -25195,7 +25164,7 @@ pain, anxiety, or doubt: a framework on which articles are arranged, as _hat-rack_, _plate-rack_, _letter-rack_, &c.: the grating above a manger for hay: (_mech._) a straight bar with teeth to work into those of a wheel, pinion, or endless screw, for converting a circular into a rectilinear -motion, or _vice versâ_: (_Scot._) the course in curling.--_v.t._ to +motion, or _vice versâ_: (_Scot._) the course in curling.--_v.t._ to stretch forcibly: to strain: to stretch on the rack or wheel: to torture: to exhaust: to worry, agitate: to wrest, overstrain: to practise rapacity: to extort: to place in a rack or frame: (_naut._) to seize together with @@ -25223,7 +25192,7 @@ RACK, rak, _v.t._ to strain or draw off from the lees, as wine.--_ns._ RACK'ING-CAN, a vessel from which wine can be drawn without disturbing the lees; RACK'ING-COCK, -FAU'CET, a cock used in drawing off liquour from a cask; RACK'ING-PUMP, a pump for the transfer of liquor to casks. [O. Fr. -_raquer_, _vin raqué_; prob. cog. with Sp. _rascar_, to scrape.] +_raquer_, _vin raqué_; prob. cog. with Sp. _rascar_, to scrape.] RACK, rak, _n._ (_prov._) the neck and spine of a fore-quarter of veal or mutton: the neck of mutton or pork. @@ -25429,13 +25398,13 @@ for securing logs in a raft; RAFT'-DUCK, the black-head duck of the United States; RAFT'-PORT, a square hole in some ships for convenience in loading and unloading timber; RAFT'-ROPE, a rope used in whaling-vessels for stringing blubber; RAFTS'MAN, one who guides a raft. [Ice. _raptr_ (pron. -_raftr_), a rafter--_ráf_, _ræfr_, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. _r[=a]fo_, a +_raftr_), a rafter--_ráf_, _ræfr_, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. _r[=a]fo_, a spar.] RAFTER, raft'[.e]r, _n._ an inclined beam supporting the roof of a house.--_v.t._ to furnish with rafters.--_n._ RAFT'ER-BIRD, the spotted fly-catcher.--PRINCIPAL RAFTER, a main timber in supporting the weight of a -roof. [A.S. _ræfter_, a beam; Ice. _raptr_ (_raftr_), a beam; Dan. _raft_, +roof. [A.S. _ræfter_, a beam; Ice. _raptr_ (_raftr_), a beam; Dan. _raft_, a pole.] RAG, rag, _n._ a fragment of cloth: a rock having a rough irregular @@ -25458,10 +25427,10 @@ composite genus _Ambrosia_; RAG'WHEEL, a wheel with teeth or cogs on the rim, which fit into the links of a chain or into rackwork: a cutlass polishing-wheel; RAG'-WOOL, shoddy; RAG'WORK, mason-work built of small stones about the size of bricks: a manufacture from strips of rag.--RAG-TAG -AND BOBTAIL, a rabble. [Ice. _rögg_, shagginess.] +AND BOBTAIL, a rabble. [Ice. _rögg_, shagginess.] RAG, rag, _v.t._ to banter, torment.--Also _n._ [Perh. from the previous -word; others refer to Ice. _rægja_, to calumniate; cog. with A.S. _wrégan_, +word; others refer to Ice. _rægja_, to calumniate; cog. with A.S. _wrégan_, to accuse.] RAGBOLT, rag'b[=o]lt, _n._ an iron pin with barbed shank. @@ -25498,16 +25467,16 @@ nobles subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, 1291-2-6, and at the parliament of Berwick: a vague story (cf. _Rigmarole_). [Prob. Ice. _ragmenni_, a craven--_ragr_, cowardly (A.S. _earg_), _madhr_, man.] -RAGNARÖK, rag'na-r[=oo]k', _n._ the end of the world when the gods (Odin, +RAGNARÖK, rag'na-r[=oo]k', _n._ the end of the world when the gods (Odin, Thor, &c.) shall be overcome by their enemies and the world burnt up. [Ice. -_ragna rökr_, twilight of the gods--_rögn_, _régin_, the gods, _rökr_, -darkness; but orig. _ragna rök_, the history of the gods--_rök_, reason, +_ragna rökr_, twilight of the gods--_rögn_, _régin_, the gods, _rökr_, +darkness; but orig. _ragna rök_, the history of the gods--_rök_, reason, judgment.] RAGOUT, ra-g[=oo]', _n._ a stew of meat with kitchen herbs, the French equivalent of Irish stew: any spicy mixture or combination, even of -persons. [Fr.,--_ragoûter_, to restore the appetite--L. _re_, again, Fr. -_à_ (=_ad_), to, _goût_--L. _gustus_, taste.] +persons. [Fr.,--_ragoûter_, to restore the appetite--L. _re_, again, Fr. +_à _ (=_ad_), to, _goût_--L. _gustus_, taste.] RAGULY, rag'[=u]-li, _adj._ (_her._) ragged or notched at the edges.--Also RAG'ULED. @@ -25518,7 +25487,7 @@ plant; WOOLLY RAGWORT, a plant from one to three feet high, found in the United States, and covered with hoary wool. [_Rag_, and A.S. _wyrt_, a plant.] -RAHU, rä'h[=oo], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses of +RAHU, rä'h[=oo], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses of sun and moon. RAIBLE, r[=a]'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ a Scotch form of _rabble_. @@ -25526,7 +25495,7 @@ RAIBLE, r[=a]'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ a Scotch form of _rabble_. RAID, r[=a]d, _n._ a hostile or predatory invasion: a sudden onset: an irruption, as if for assault or seizure.--_v.t._ to make a sudden attack.--_n._ RAID'ER, one who makes a raid.--RAID THE MARKET, to derange -prices by a panic. [A.S. _rád_, a riding; Ice. _reidh_.] +prices by a panic. [A.S. _rád_, a riding; Ice. _reidh_.] RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a bar of timber or metal extending from one support to another, as in fences, staircases, &c.: one of those steel bars used on the @@ -25572,7 +25541,7 @@ _railler_--L. _rallum_, a hoe--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.] RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a genus of wading-birds with a harsh cry.--_n._ RAIL'-BIRD, the Carolina rail.--GOLDEN RAIL, a rail snipe. [O. Fr. _rasle_ -(Fr. _râle_)--Old Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.] +(Fr. _râle_)--Old Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.] RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flow or pour down. @@ -25607,7 +25576,7 @@ which falls in rain from the clouds.--_adj._ RAIN'Y, abounding with rain: showery.--RAIN CATS AND DOGS (see CAT).--A RAINY DAY (_fig._), a time of need or hardship: future want or need; THE FORMER AND THE LATTER RAIN, Palestine, the rain in spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S. -_regn_, _rén_, rain; Dut. and Ger. _regen_, Ice. _regn_.] +_regn_, _rén_, rain; Dut. and Ger. _regen_, Ice. _regn_.] RAINDEER. Same as REINDEER. @@ -25637,20 +25606,20 @@ RAISED WORK, in lace-making, work having the edge or some other part of the pattern raised in relief; RAISE MONEY ON, to get money by pawning something; RAISE ONE'S DANDER (see DANDER); RAISE THE MARKET UPON (_coll._), to charge more than the regular price; RAISE THE WIND, to obtain -money by any shift. [M. E. _reisen_--Ice. _reisa_, causal of _rísa_, to +money by any shift. [M. E. _reisen_--Ice. _reisa_, causal of _rÃsa_, to rise. Cf. _Rise_.] RAISIN, r[=a]'zn, _n._ a dried ripe grape.--RAISIN WINE, wine made from dried grapes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_, a bunch of grapes.] -RAISON D'ÊTRE, r[=a]-zong' d[=a]'tr, _n._ reason or excuse for being: -rational ground for existence.--_adj._ RAISONNÉ (r[=a]-zo-n[=a]'), reasoned -out, systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. _raison_, reason, _de_, -of, _être_, to be.] +RAISON D'ÊTRE, r[=a]-zong' d[=a]'tr, _n._ reason or excuse for being: +rational ground for existence.--_adj._ RAISONNÉ (r[=a]-zo-n[=a]'), reasoned +out, systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. _raison_, reason, _de_, +of, _être_, to be.] -RAJAH, RAJA, rä'ja, _n._ a native prince or king in Hindustan.--_ns._ RAJ -(räj), rule; RA'JAHSHIP, the dignity or principality of a rajah; RAJPOOT, -RAJPUT (räj-poot'), a member of various tribes in India, descended either +RAJAH, RAJA, rä'ja, _n._ a native prince or king in Hindustan.--_ns._ RAJ +(räj), rule; RA'JAHSHIP, the dignity or principality of a rajah; RAJPOOT, +RAJPUT (räj-poot'), a member of various tribes in India, descended either from the old royal races of the Hindus or from the warrior caste. [Sans. _r[=a]jan_, a king, cog. with L. _rex_; Sans. _putra_, a son.] @@ -25696,11 +25665,11 @@ _racian_, to run; confused with M. E. _raiken_--Ice. _reika_, to wander.] RAKI, rak'[=e], _n._ a spirituous liquor used in the Levant and Greece.--Also RAK'EE. [Turk.] -RAKSHAS, -A, rak'shas, -ä, _n._ in Hindu mythology, one of a class of evil +RAKSHAS, -A, rak'shas, -ä, _n._ in Hindu mythology, one of a class of evil spirits or genii, generally hideous, frequenting cemeteries. -RÂLE, räl, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the -lungs. [Fr.,--_râler_, to rattle--Low Ger. _ratelen_, to rattle.] +RÂLE, räl, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the +lungs. [Fr.,--_râler_, to rattle--Low Ger. _ratelen_, to rattle.] RALLENTANDO, ral-len-tan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) becoming slower.--Also RALLENTA'TO, and abbrev. RALL. [It., _rallentare_, to slacken.] @@ -25713,7 +25682,7 @@ marsh-hens.--_adjs._ RALL'IFORM; RALL'INE. [_Rail._] RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to gather again: to collect and arrange, as troops in confusion: to recover.--_v.i._ to reassemble, esp. after confusion: to recover wasted strength:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rallied (ral'id).--_n._ act -of rallying: a mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation +of rallying: a mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation scene: recovery of order: recovery of prices: the return of the ball in tennis, playing frequently from one side to the other.--_n._ RALL'YING-POINT, a place or person at or about whom people come together @@ -25748,7 +25717,7 @@ sunset--prop. RAMAZAN'. [Ar.,--_ramed_, to be hot.] RAMAL. See RAMUS. -RAMAYANA, rä-mä'ya-nä, _n._ one of the two great epic poems of ancient +RAMAYANA, rä-mä'ya-nä, _n._ one of the two great epic poems of ancient India--the history of _Rama_. RAMBADE, ram'b[=a]d, _n._ the elevated platform built across the prow of a @@ -25765,7 +25734,7 @@ RAMBUSTIOUS, ram-bus'tyus, _adj._ (_slang_) boisterous. RAMBUTAN, ram-b[=oo]'tan, _n._ the edible fruit of a lofty Malaysian tree (_Nephelium lappaceum_).--Also RAMB[=OO]'TAN, RAMBOST'AN. [Malay.] -RAMÉ, ra-m[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.'] +RAMÉ, ra-m[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.'] RAMEAL, r[=a]'m[=e]-al, _adj._; RAMIFY, &c. See under RAMUS. @@ -25787,7 +25756,7 @@ RAMFEEZLE, ram-f[=e]'zl, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to weary out. RAMGUNSHOCK, ram-gun'shok, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough. RAMICORN, r[=a]'mi-korn, _n._ the horny sheath of the side of the lower -mandible in birds.--_adj._ possessing ramified antennæ. [L. _ramus_, +mandible in birds.--_adj._ possessing ramified antennæ. [L. _ramus_, branch, _cornu_, horn.] RAMIE, RAMEE, ram'[=e], _n._ China-grass, _Boehmeria nivea_, or its fibre, @@ -25896,7 +25865,7 @@ RAN, _pa.t._ of _run_. RANA, r[=a]'na, _n._ the genus of the frogs.--_n._ RAN[=A]'RIUM, a place where frogs are reared. [L., 'a frog.'] -RANA, rä'nä, _n._ prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.] +RANA, rä'nä, _n._ prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.] RANCE, rans, _n._ a prop, as for the support of a congreve-rocket. [O. Fr. _ranche_--L. _ramex_, _-icis_, a staff--_ramus_, a branch.] @@ -25963,7 +25932,7 @@ wandering: room for passing to and fro: space occupied by anything moving: capacity of mind: extent of acquirements: the horizontal distance to which a shot is carried: a space through which a body moves, as the range of a thermometer: the long cooking-stove of a kitchen: a fire-grate.--_adj._ -RANGÉ (_her._), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row +RANGÉ (_her._), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row fessewise.--_n._ RANGE'-FIND'ER, an instrument for determining the range of an object by sight.--_n.pl._ RANGE'-LIGHTS, lights placed in line, usually at or near a lighthouse, so as to direct the course of a ship through a @@ -25978,14 +25947,14 @@ range--_rang_, a rank.] RANGIA, ran'ji-a, _n._ a family of bivalves. [From _Rang_, a French conchologist.] -RANGIFER, ran'ji-fer, _n._ a genus of _Cervidæ_, to which the reindeer +RANGIFER, ran'ji-fer, _n._ a genus of _Cervidæ_, to which the reindeer belongs.--_adjs._ RAN'GERINE, RANGIF'ERINE. [O. Fr. _rangier_, a reindeer, most prob. the Ice. _hreinn_, reindeer, L. _fera_, a wild beast.] RANI, RANEE, ran'[=e], _n._ the wife of a rajah. [Hind. _r[=a]n[=i]_--Sans. -_r[=a]jñi_, queen, fem. of _r[=a]jan_.] +_r[=a]jñi_, queen, fem. of _r[=a]jan_.] -RANIDÆ, ran'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the largest family of batrachians, including +RANIDÆ, ran'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the largest family of batrachians, including about 250 species, of several genera.--_adjs._ RAN'IFORM, frog-like; R[=A]'NINE, pertaining to frogs; R[=A]NIV'OROUS, frog-eating. [L. _rana_, a frog.] @@ -26016,13 +25985,13 @@ lank, slender.] RANSACK, ran'sak, _v.t._ to search thoroughly: to plunder: to pillage.--_n._ eager search.--_n._ RAN'SACKER. [Scand. _rannsaka_--_rann_, -a house, _sak_ (_sækja_), Eng. _seek_.] +a house, _sak_ (_sækja_), Eng. _seek_.] RANSOM, ran'sum, _n._ price paid for redemption from captivity or punishment: release from captivity: atonement: expiation.--_v.t._ to redeem from captivity, punishment, or ownership: (_Shak._) to set free for a price: (_Shak._) to expiate.--_adj._ RAN'SOMABLE.--_n._ RAN'SOMER.--_adj._ -RAN'SOMLESS, without ransom: incapable of being ransomed. [Fr. _rançon_--L. +RAN'SOMLESS, without ransom: incapable of being ransomed. [Fr. _rançon_--L. _redemptio_; cf. _Redemption_.] RANT, rant, _v.i._ to use extravagant language: to be noisy in words: to be @@ -26045,7 +26014,7 @@ R[=A]NUN'CULUSES.--_adj._ R[=A]NUNCUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the order of which the ranunculus is the typical genus. [L., a dim. of _rana_, a frog.] -RANZ-DES-VACHES, rong'-d[=a]-väsh', _n._ a melody of the Swiss, played on +RANZ-DES-VACHES, rong'-d[=a]-väsh', _n._ a melody of the Swiss, played on the alpenhorn. [Swiss Fr., either 'the lowing of the cows' or 'the line of cows.' _Vaches_, pl. of _vache_--L. _vacca_, a cow; _ranz_, either Swiss dial. _ranz_ (cf. Ger. _ranzen_), or for _rangs_, pl. of rang, a line.] @@ -26094,7 +26063,7 @@ follows the principles of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITISM. RAPHANIA, raf-[=a]'ni-a, _n._ ergotism, a disease occurring in two forms, a spasmodic and a gangrenous, due to the use of rye, wheat, rice, &c., in which a poisonous fungus has developed.--_n._ RAPH'ANUS, a genus of -_Cruciferæ_, the radish family. +_Cruciferæ_, the radish family. RAPHE, r[=a]'f[=e], _n._ (_anat._) a seam-like union of two lateral halves, either a median septum of connective tissue or a longitudinal ridge: the @@ -26119,12 +26088,12 @@ RAPID'ITY, quickness of motion or utterance: swiftness: velocity.--_adv._ RAP'IDLY.--_n._ RAP'IDNESS. [Fr. _rapide_--L. _rapidus_--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.] -RAPIDAMENTE, ra-p[=e]-dä-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) rapidly.--_adv._ RAP'IDO, +RAPIDAMENTE, ra-p[=e]-dä-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) rapidly.--_adv._ RAP'IDO, with rapidity. [It.] RAPIER, r[=a]'pi-[.e]r, _n._ a light, highly tempered, edgeless, thrusting weapon, finely pointed, and about 3 feet in length, long the favourite -weapon in duelling.--_n._ R[=A]'PIER-FISH, a swordfish. [Fr. _rapière_, +weapon in duelling.--_n._ R[=A]'PIER-FISH, a swordfish. [Fr. _rapière_, prob. from Sp. _raspadera_--_raspar_, _rapar_, to rasp.] RAPINE, rap'in, _n._ act of seizing and carrying away forcibly: plunder: @@ -26138,8 +26107,8 @@ RAPLOCH, rap'loh, _n._ and _adj._ (_Scot._) homespun. RAPPAREE, rap-ar-[=e]', _n._ a wild Irish plunderer: a vagabond. [Ir. _rapaire_, a robber.] -RAPPEE, ra-p[=e]', _n._ a coarse, strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. _râpé_, -rasped, grated--_râper_, to rasp.] +RAPPEE, ra-p[=e]', _n._ a coarse, strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. _râpé_, +rasped, grated--_râper_, to rasp.] RAPPEL, ra-pel', _n._ the beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. [Fr.] @@ -26171,13 +26140,13 @@ one filled with rapture.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]ROUS, seizing and carrying away: ecstatic.--_adv._ RAP'T[=U]ROUSLY. RARA AVIS, r[=a]'ra [=a]'vis, _n._ a rare bird: a remarkable person:--_pl._ -R[=A]'RÆ [=A]'VES. [L.] +R[=A]'RÆ [=A]'VES. [L.] RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ (_comp._ R[=A]'RER; _superl._ R[=A]'REST) thin: not dense, as rarefied atmosphere: sparse: seldom met with: uncommon: excellent: especially good: extraordinary.--_ns._ R[=A]RE'BIT, an erroneous form of _Welsh-rabbit_; RAREFAC'TION, act of rarefying: expansion of -aëriform bodies.--_adj._ RAR'EFIABLE, capable of being rarefied.--_v.t._ +aëriform bodies.--_adj._ RAR'EFIABLE, capable of being rarefied.--_v.t._ RAREFY (rar'e-f[=i], or r[=a]'re-f[=i]), to make rare, thin, or less dense: to expand a body.--_v.i._ to become less dense:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rar'efied.--_adv._ R[=A]RE'LY, seldom: remarkably well.--_ns._ @@ -26233,7 +26202,7 @@ orthodox or Greek Church. RASORIAL, ra-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to an order of birds which scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.--_n.pl._ RAS[=O]'RES, the -_Gallinæ_. [_Rase_.] +_Gallinæ_. [_Rase_.] RASP, rasp, _v.t._ to rub with a coarse file: to utter in a grating manner.--_v.i._ to have a grating effect.--_n._ a coarse file.--_ns._ @@ -26242,12 +26211,12 @@ difficult fence; RASP'-HOUSE, a place where wood is reduced to powder for dyeing; RASP'ING, a filing.--_adj._ exasperating.--_adv._ RASP'INGLY.--_ns._ RASP'ING-MACHINE', a bark-cutting machine; RASP'ING-MILL; RASP'-PUNCH, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.--_adj._ -RASP'Y, rough. [O. Fr. _rasper_ (Fr. _râper_)--Old High Ger. _rasp[=o]n_, +RASP'Y, rough. [O. Fr. _rasper_ (Fr. _râper_)--Old High Ger. _rasp[=o]n_, whence Ger. _raspeln_, to rasp.] RASPBERRY, raz'ber-i, _n._ the fruit of several plants of genus _Rubus_, the plant producing it--also RASP.--_n._ RASP'BERRY-BUSH, the shrub which -yields the raspberry.--RASPBERRY BORER, the larvæ of one of the +yields the raspberry.--RASPBERRY BORER, the larvæ of one of the clear-winged sphinxes; RASPBERRY VINEGAR, a drink of raspberry juice, vinegar, and sugar. @@ -26269,17 +26238,17 @@ rat.--_ns._ RAT'TER, a terrier which catches rats; RAT'TERY, apostasy; RAT'TING, deserting one's principles: working for less than the usual prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; RAT'-TRAP, a trap for catching rats.--RAT-TAILED LARVA, the larva of certain syrphid flies.--SMELL A RAT, -to have a suspicion. [A.S. _ræt_; Ger. _ratte_.] +to have a suspicion. [A.S. _ræt_; Ger. _ratte_.] -RATA, rä'ta, _n._ a New Zealand tree related to various species of +RATA, rä'ta, _n._ a New Zealand tree related to various species of Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for shipbuilding. RATABLE, RATEABLE, r[=a]'ta-bl, _adj._ See RATE. RATAFIA, rat-a-f[=e]'a, _n._ a flavouring essence made with the essential -oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,--Malay _araqtáfía_, from Ar. _`araq_, -Malay _táfía_, rum.] +oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,--Malay _araqtáfÃa_, from Ar. _`araq_, +Malay _táfÃa_, rum.] RATAN, ra-tan', _n._ Same as RATTAN. @@ -26331,18 +26300,18 @@ allied to the gluttons, and very like the badgers. [Fr., dim. of _rat_.] RAT-GOOSE, rat'-g[=oo]s, _n._ the brent or brant goose. -RATH, räth, _adj._ early, soon--also RATHE.--_adv._ RATH (_arch._), early, +RATH, räth, _adj._ early, soon--also RATHE.--_adv._ RATH (_arch._), early, soon.--_adj._ RATH'EREST (_Shak._), _superl._ of RATH.--_adv._ RATH'LY, -suddenly.--_adj._ RATH'RIPE, early ripe. [A.S. _hræth_, quickly; Ice. +suddenly.--_adj._ RATH'RIPE, early ripe. [A.S. _hræth_, quickly; Ice. _hradhr_, swift, Mid. High Ger. _hrad_, quick.] RATH, rath, _n._ a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.] -RATH, rät, _n._ a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples. +RATH, rät, _n._ a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples. -RATH, rät, _n._ a Burmese state-carriage. +RATH, rät, _n._ a Burmese state-carriage. -RATHER, räth'[.e]r, _adv._ more willingly: in preference: especially: more +RATHER, räth'[.e]r, _adv._ more willingly: in preference: especially: more so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more properly: (_coll._) considerably, very much.--_adj._ RATH'ERISH, to a slight degree, somewhat.--RATHER BETTER THAN, somewhat in excess of.--THE @@ -26390,7 +26359,7 @@ RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _n._ the breast-plate of the Jewish high-priest: a pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. _rationale_, a mistaken rendering in the Vulgate of the Gr. _logion_, oracle.] -RATITÆ, r[=a]-t[=i]'t[=e], _n._ a division of birds, including the +RATITÆ, r[=a]-t[=i]'t[=e], _n._ a division of birds, including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.--_n._ R[=A]'TITE, RAT'ITATE, raft-breasted, as a bird. @@ -26410,7 +26379,7 @@ sugar-cane.--_v.i._ to send up new shoots from the root after cropping. RATTAN, rat-an', _n._ a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems -of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay _rótan_.] +of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay _rótan_.] RATTAN, ra-tan', _n._ the continuous beat of a drum. @@ -26438,7 +26407,7 @@ RATT'LESNAKE-MAS'TER, -ROOT, an American plant reputed to cure the bite of a rattlesnake; RATT'LESNAKE-WEED, a hawk-weed of the United States; RATT'LE-TRAP, a rickety vehicle; RATT'LEWORT, a plant of genus _Crotalaria_; RATT'LING, a clattering: railing.--_adj._ making a rattle: -smart, lively: (_coll._) strikingly great. [A.S. _hrætele_, _hratele_, a +smart, lively: (_coll._) strikingly great. [A.S. _hrætele_, _hratele_, a plant--from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. _rasseln_, Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.] @@ -26459,7 +26428,7 @@ RAVE, r[=a]v, _v.i._ to be mad: to be wild or raging, like a madman: to talk irrationally.--_v.t._ to utter wildly.--_ns._ R[=A]'VER, one who raves or is furious; R[=A]'VING, furious talk.--_adj._ delirious: distracted.--_adv._ R[=A]'VINGLY, in a raving manner: with frenzy: with -distraction. [O. Fr. _râver_ (Fr. _rêver_), to be delirious--L. _rabies_, +distraction. [O. Fr. _râver_ (Fr. _rêver_), to be delirious--L. _rabies_, madness.] RAVE, r[=a]v, _n._ one of the side pieces of a wagon. @@ -26482,7 +26451,7 @@ the counterscarp. [Fr.,--It. _rivellino_.] RAVEN, r[=a]'vn, _n._ a kind of crow, noted for its croak and glossy black plumage.--_adj._ black, like a raven.--_adj._ R[=A]'VEN-COL'OURED (_Shak._).--_ns._ R[=A]'VEN'S-DUCK, fine hempen sail-cloth; R[=A]'VENSTONE, -a gallows. [A.S. _hræfn_; Ice. _hrafn_, Dut. _raaf_.] +a gallows. [A.S. _hræfn_; Ice. _hrafn_, Dut. _raaf_.] RAVEN, RAVIN (_B._), rav'n, _v.t._ to obtain by violence: to devour with great eagerness or voracity.--_v.i._ to prey rapaciously.--_n._ prey: @@ -26511,7 +26480,7 @@ and cold.--_ns._ RAW'HEAD, a spectre mentioned to frighten children; RAW'HIDE, an untanned skin: a whip made of twisted, untanned leather.--_adj._ RAW'ISH, rather raw.--_adv._ RAW'LY.--_ns._ RAW'NESS; RAW'-PORT, a porthole through which an oar can be worked in a small vessel. -[A.S. _hreáw_; Dut. _raauw_, Ice. _hrár_, Ger. _roh_.] +[A.S. _hreáw_; Dut. _raauw_, Ice. _hrár_, Ger. _roh_.] RAX, raks, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to reach out, hand. [_Rack._] @@ -26532,7 +26501,7 @@ RAY, r[=a], _n._ the scab--a disease of sheep. RAY, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._) the second note of the diatonic scale. -RAYAH, rä'ya, _n._ a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the +RAYAH, rä'ya, _n._ a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the capitation tax. [Ar. _raiya_--_ra`a_, to pasture.] RAYLE, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIL. @@ -26553,7 +26522,7 @@ RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ a swinging fence in a water-course to prevent the passage of cattle. RAZEE, ra-z[=e]', _n._ a ship-of-war cut down by reducing the number of -decks. [Fr. _rasé_, cut down.] +decks. [Fr. _rasé_, cut down.] RAZOR, r[=a]'zor, _n._ a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the _razors_ of a boar.--_adj_ R[=A]'ZORABLE (_Shak._), fit to be @@ -26592,7 +26561,7 @@ distance traversed between tacks.--_adj_ REACH'ABLE, within reach.--_ns._ REACH'ER, one who reaches; REACH'ING-POST, in rope-making, a post fixed at the lower end of a rope-walk.--_adjs_ REACH'LESS, unattainable; REACH'-ME-DOWN, ready-made.--HEAD REACH, the distance to windward traversed -by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. _r['æ]can_; Ger. _reichen_, to reach.] +by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. _r['æ]can_; Ger. _reichen_, to reach.] REACQUITE, r[=e]-a-kw[=i]t', _v.t._ to pay back: to requite. @@ -26631,8 +26600,8 @@ reading.--READ BETWEEN THE LINES, to detect a meaning not expressed; READ ONE'S SELF IN, in the Church of England, to read the Thirty-nine Articles and repeat the declaration of assent prescribed by law to a new incumbent.--PENNY READING, an entertainment consisting of readings, &c., to -which the admission is a penny. [A.S. _r['æ]dan_, to discern, -read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; Ger. _rathen_, to advise.] +which the admission is a penny. [A.S. _r['æ]dan_, to discern, +read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; Ger. _rathen_, to advise.] READDRESS, r[=e]-ad-dres', _v.t._ to address again. @@ -26663,7 +26632,7 @@ READ'Y-POLE, a bar across the chimney to support the pot-hook; READ'Y-RECK'ONER, a book of tables giving the value of any number of things from the lowest monetary unit upwards: also the interest on any sum of money from a day upwards.--_adj._ READ'Y-WIT'TED, having ready wit: clever: -sharp.--MAKE READY, to prepare. [A.S. _r['æ]de_--_rídan_, to ride; Scot. +sharp.--MAKE READY, to prepare. [A.S. _r['æ]de_--_rÃdan_, to ride; Scot. _red_, to put in order, Ger. _be-reit_, ready.] REAFFIRM, re-af-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to affirm again.--_n._ REAFFIRM[=A]'TION. @@ -26711,7 +26680,7 @@ preparatory, scientific, or technical school--the highest grade being the REAL GYMNASIUM, or first-class modern school, as opp. to the _gymnasium_ proper, or classical school. [Low L. _realis_--L. _res_, a thing.] -REAL, r[=e]-al', _n._ a Spanish coin, 100 of which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,--L. +REAL, r[=e]-al', _n._ a Spanish coin, 100 of which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,--L. _regalis_, royal.] REALGAR, r[=e]-al'gar, _n._ a native sulphuret of arsenic, a mineral @@ -26759,7 +26728,7 @@ by effort: to receive as a reward: to obtain a harvest.--_ns._ REAP'ER, REAP'MAN; REAP'ING-HOOK, a hook-shaped instrument, with a handle, for cutting grain: a sickle; REAP'ING-MACHINE', a machine for cutting grain, drawn by horses, &c.; REAP'-SIL'VER, money paid by feudal tenants as a -commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. _rípan_, to +commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. _rÃpan_, to pluck; Goth. _raupjan_, Ger. _raufen_.] REAPPAREL, r[=e]-ap-par'el, _v.t._ to clothe again. @@ -26782,7 +26751,7 @@ fleet.--_ns._ REAR'-AD'MIRAL, an officer of the third rank, who commands the rear division of a fleet; REAR'DORSE, an open fireplace, without a chimney, against the rear wall of a room; REAR'-FRONT, the rear-rank of a body of troops when faced about; REAR'-GUARD, troops which protect the rear -of an army; REAR'HORSE, an insect of the family _Mantidæ_; REAR'ING-BIT, a +of an army; REAR'HORSE, an insect of the family _Mantidæ_; REAR'ING-BIT, a bit to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing; REAR'ING-BOX, in fish-culture, a fish-breeder; REAR'-LINE, the last rank of a battalion, &c., drawn up in open order; REAR'MOST, last of all; REAR'-RANK, the @@ -26794,7 +26763,7 @@ REAR, r[=e]r, _v.t._ to bring up to maturity: to educate: to erect: (_Milt._) to lift upward, as steps: (_Spens._) to carry off by force: to stir up.--_v.i._ to rise on the hind-legs, as a horse.--_n._ REAR'ER, one who rears or raises: in coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more -than 30°. [A.S. _r['æ]ran_, to raise, the causal of _rísan_, to rise.] +than 30°. [A.S. _r['æ]ran_, to raise, the causal of _rÃsan_, to rise.] REAR, r[=e]r, _adj._ early: underdone.--_adjs._ REAR'-BOILED; REAR'-ROAST'ED. [_Rare._] @@ -26846,7 +26815,7 @@ REASSUR'INGLY. REAST, r[=e]st, _v.t._ to dry or smoke (as meat). [_Roast._] -REATA, RIATA, r[=e]-ä'ta, _n._ a rope of raw hide, used in America for +REATA, RIATA, r[=e]-ä'ta, _n._ a rope of raw hide, used in America for catching animals. [Sp.,--L. _re-_, back, _aptare_, to fit on.] REATTACH, r[=e]-at-tach', _v.t._ to attach again.--_n._ REATTACH'MENT. @@ -26855,10 +26824,10 @@ REATTAIN, r[=e]-at-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to attain again. REATTEMPT, r[=e]-at-temt', _v.t._ to attempt again. -RÉAUMUR'S SCALE. See THERMOMETER. +RÉAUMUR'S SCALE. See THERMOMETER. REAVE, r[=e]v, _v.t._ to take away by violence:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -reft.--_n._ REAV'ER. [A.S. _reáfian_, to rob--_reáf_, clothing, spoil; Ger. +reft.--_n._ REAV'ER. [A.S. _reáfian_, to rob--_reáf_, clothing, spoil; Ger. _rauben_, to rob.] REAWAKE, r[=e]-a-w[=a]k', _v.i._ to awake again. @@ -26965,7 +26934,7 @@ back, calcitr[=a]re, _-[=a]tum_, to kick--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.] RECALESCE, r[=e]-kal-es', _v.t._ to show anew a state of glowing heat.--_n._ RECALES'CENCE (_phys._), a peculiar behaviour of iron when -cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for a +cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for a short time. [L. _re-_, again, _calesc[)e]re_, to grow hot.] RECALL, r[=e]-kawl', _v.t._ to call back: to command to return: to revoke: @@ -26992,10 +26961,10 @@ or children from one who has no right to detain them. RECAPTURE, r[=e]-kap't[=u]r, _v.t._ to capture back or retake, esp. a prize from a captor.--_n._ act of retaking: a prize recaptured.--_n._ RECAP'TOR. -RECARBURISE, r[=e]-kär'b[=u]-r[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore the carbon to metal +RECARBURISE, r[=e]-kär'b[=u]-r[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore the carbon to metal from which it has been removed.--_n._ RECARBONIS[=A]'TION. -RECARNIFY, r[=e]-kär'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert again into flesh. [L. +RECARNIFY, r[=e]-kär'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert again into flesh. [L. _re-_, again, _carnify_, to change into flesh.] RECARRY, r[=e]-kar'i, _v.t._ to carry back or anew.--_n._ RECARR'IAGE. @@ -27032,7 +27001,7 @@ distillation, or for containing gases: the glass vessel of an air-pump in which the vacuum is formed: the receiving part of a telegraph, telephone, &c.; RECEIV'ER-GEN'ERAL, an officer who receives the public revenue; RECEIV'ERSHIP, the office of a receiver; RECEIV'ING, the act of receiving; -RECEIV'ING-HOUSE, a depôt: a house where letters and parcels are left for +RECEIV'ING-HOUSE, a depôt: a house where letters and parcels are left for transmission; RECEIV'ING-IN'STRUMENT, an appliance by which operators at two telegraph stations can communicate; RECEIV'ING-OFF'ICE, a branch post-office for receipt of letters, &c.; RECEIV'ING-SHIP, a stationary ship @@ -27083,13 +27052,13 @@ of their ancestor (Jer. xxxv. 6): a total abstainer from intoxicating drinks: a member of the Rechabite order of total abstainers.--_n._ RECH'ABITISM. -RÉCHAUFFÉ, r[=a]-sh[=o]-f[=a]', _n._ a warmed-up dish: a fresh concoction +RÉCHAUFFÉ, r[=a]-sh[=o]-f[=a]', _n._ a warmed-up dish: a fresh concoction of old literary material. [Fr.] RECHEAT, r[=e]-ch[=e]t', _n._ (_Shak._) a recall on the horn when the hounds have lost the scent, or at the end of the chase. [O. Fr. _recet_.] -RECHERCHÉ, r[=e]-sher'sh[=a], _adj._ extremely nice: peculiar and refined: +RECHERCHÉ, r[=e]-sher'sh[=a], _adj._ extremely nice: peculiar and refined: rare. [Fr.] RECHLESSE, rek'les, _adj._ Same as RECKLESS. @@ -27149,14 +27118,14 @@ rehearsal; RECIT[=A]'TIONIST, a public reciter; RECITATIVE (-t[=e]v'), and speech.--_adj._ in the style of recitative.--_adv._ RECITATIVE'LY, in the manner of recitative.--_ns._ RECITATI'VO (_mus._), recitative; RECIT'ER; RECIT'ING-NOTE, a note in chanting on which several syllables are -sung. [Fr. _réciter_--L. _recit[=a]re_--L. _re-_, again, _cit[=a]re_, +sung. [Fr. _réciter_--L. _recit[=a]re_--L. _re-_, again, _cit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call.] RECK, rek, _v.t._ to care for: to regard.--_v.i._ (usually with _not_, and fol. by _of_) care: heed.--_adj._ RECK'LESS, careless: heedless of consequences: rash.--_adv._ RECK'LESSLY.--_ns._ RECK'LESSNESS; RECK'LING, a reckless person: the weakest in a litter: a helpless babe.--_adj._ -stunted.--IT RECKS (_Milt._), it concerns. [A.S. _récan_, from a root seen +stunted.--IT RECKS (_Milt._), it concerns. [A.S. _récan_, from a root seen in Old High Ger. _ruoh_, care, Ger. _ruchlos_, regardless.] RECKON, rek'n, _v.t._ to count: to place in the number or rank of: to @@ -27277,7 +27246,7 @@ RECOMPACT, r[=e]-kom-pakt', _v.t._ to join anew. RECOMPENSE, rek'om-pens, _v.t._ to return an equivalent for anything: to repay or requite: to reward: to compensate: to remunerate.--_n._ that which is returned as an equivalent: repayment: reward: compensation: -remuneration.--_n._ REC'OMPENSER. [Fr. _récompenser_--L. _re-_, again, +remuneration.--_n._ REC'OMPENSER. [Fr. _récompenser_--L. _re-_, again, _compens[=a]re_, to compensate.] RECOMPILE, r[=e]-kom-p[=i]l', _v.t._ to compile anew.--_ns._ @@ -27298,7 +27267,7 @@ reconcilable manner.--_ns._ REC'ONCILER; RECONCILI[=A]'TION, REC'ONCILEMENT, act of reconciling: state of being reconciled: renewal of friendship: propitiation: atonement: the bringing to agreement things at variance.--_adj._ RECONCIL'IATORY, serving or tending to reconcile. [Fr. -_réconcilier_--L. _re-_, again, _concili[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call +_réconcilier_--L. _re-_, again, _concili[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call together.] RECONDENSE, r[=e]-kon-dens', _v.t._ to condense again.--_n._ @@ -27323,7 +27292,7 @@ troops to discover the strength of the enemy. [Fr.] RECONNOITRE, rek-o-noi't[.e]r, _v.t._ to survey or examine: to survey with a view to military operations.--_v.i._ to make preliminary examination:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ reconnoi'tred.--_n._ a preliminary -survey. [O. Fr. _reconoistre_ (Fr. _reconnaître_)--L. _recognosc[)e]re_, to +survey. [O. Fr. _reconoistre_ (Fr. _reconnaître_)--L. _recognosc[)e]re_, to recognise.] RECONQUER, r[=e]-kong'k[.e]r, _v.t._ to conquer again: to recover: to @@ -27395,7 +27364,7 @@ narrate the particulars of: to detail.--_n._ a second or repeated count.--_ns._ RECOUNT'AL, RECOUNT'MENT, relation in detail, recital. [O. Fr. _reconter_--_re-_, again, _conter_, to tell.] -RECOUP, r[=e]-k[=oo]p', _v.t._ to make good: to indemnify.--_adj._ RECOUPÉ +RECOUP, r[=e]-k[=oo]p', _v.t._ to make good: to indemnify.--_adj._ RECOUPÉ (_her._), divided a second time.--_n._ RECOUP'MENT, reimbursement: (_law_) reduction of the plaintiff's damages by keeping out a part. [Fr. _recouper_, to cut again--_re-_, again, _couper_, to cut, _coup_, a @@ -27475,7 +27444,7 @@ soldiers.--_ns._ RECRUIT'ING-GROUND, a place where recruits may be obtained; RECRUIT'ING-PAR'TY, a party of soldiers engaged in enlisting recruits; RECRUIT'ING-SER'GEANT, a sergeant who enlists recruits; RECRUIT'MENT, the act, business, or employment of raising new supplies of -men for an army. [O. Fr. _recruter_--_re-_, _croître_--L. +men for an army. [O. Fr. _recruter_--_re-_, _croître_--L. _recresc[)e]re_--_re-_, again, _cresc[)e]re_, to grow.] RECRYSTALLISATION, r[=e]-kris-tal-[=i]z-[=a]'shun, _n._ the process of @@ -27689,7 +27658,7 @@ RED'-PLAGUE, a form of the plague marked by a red spot or bubo; RED'-POLL, a small northern finch: the common European linnet: the North American palm-warbler.--_adjs._ RED'-POLLED; RED'-RIBBED (_Tenn._), having red ribs.--_ns._ RED'-ROOT, a genus of plants of the natural order -_Rhamnaceæ_--_New Jersey Tea_; REDS, or RED REPUBLICANS (see REPUBLIC); +_Rhamnaceæ_--_New Jersey Tea_; REDS, or RED REPUBLICANS (see REPUBLIC); RED'-SAUN'DERS, the sliced or rasped heart-wood of _Pterocarpus santalinus_, used for giving colour to alcoholic liquors &c.--_v.i._ RED'SEAR, to break when too hot.--_ns._ RED'SEED, small crustaceans which @@ -27718,7 +27687,7 @@ tragopan; RED SNOW, snow coloured by the minute alga _Protococcus nivalis_, found in large patches in arctic and alpine regions.--INDIAN RED, a permanent red pigment, orig. a natural earth rich in oxide of iron, now prepared artificially.--ROYAL RED CROSS, a decoration for nurses, -instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. _reád_; Ger. _roth_, L. +instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. _reád_; Ger. _roth_, L. _ruber_, Gr. _e-rythros_, Gael. _ruath_.] RED, red, _v.t._ to put in order, make tidy: to disentangle: (_coll._) to @@ -27740,7 +27709,7 @@ consisting of two faces which form a salient angle towards the enemy, serving to cover a bridge or causeway--quite open at the gorge. [O. Fr. _redan_, _redent_--L. _re-_, back, _dens_, a tooth.] -REDARGUE, r[=e]-där'g[=u], _v.t._ to disprove.--_n._ REDARG[=U]'TION. [O. +REDARGUE, r[=e]-där'g[=u], _v.t._ to disprove.--_n._ REDARG[=U]'TION. [O. Fr. _redarguer_--L. _redargu[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _argu[)e]re_, to argue.] REDDENDUM, re-den'dum, _n._ (_law_) the clause by which the rent is @@ -27818,7 +27787,7 @@ annul the sale because of a defect--also REHIBI'TION.--_adjs._ REDHIB'ITORY, REHIB'ITORY. REDIA, r[=e]'di-a, _n._ a stage in some trematode worms immediately before -_cercaria_:--_pl._ R[=E]'DIÆ. [From _Redi_, an Italian naturalist.] +_cercaria_:--_pl._ R[=E]'DIÆ. [From _Redi_, an Italian naturalist.] REDIFFERENTIATE, r[=e]-dif-e-ren'shi-[=a]t, _v.i._ to differentiate a differential coefficient.--_n._ REDIFFERENTI[=A]'TION. @@ -27882,7 +27851,7 @@ REDOUBT, REDOUT, r[=e]-dowt', _n._ (_fort._) a field-work enclosed on all sides, its ditch not flanked from the parapet: a central or retired work within any other works, intended to afford the garrison a last retreat--also REDUIT'.--_adj._ (_her._) bent in many angles. [Fr. -_redoute_, _réduit_, a redoubt--It. _ridotto_--L. _reduc[)e]re_, +_redoute_, _réduit_, a redoubt--It. _ridotto_--L. _reduc[)e]re_, _reductum_--to bring back.] REDOUBT, r[=e]-dowt', _v.t._ (_arch._) to fear.--_adjs._ REDOUBT'ABLE, @@ -27892,12 +27861,12 @@ fear greatly--L. _re-_, back, _dubit[=a]re_, to doubt.] REDOUND, r[=e]-downd', _v.i._ to be sent back by reaction, to rebound: to result, turn out: (_Spens._, _Milt._) to overflow, to be in excess.--_n._ the coming back, as an effect or consequence, return.--_n._ REDOUND'ING. -[Fr. _rédonder_--L. _redund[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _und[=a]re_, to +[Fr. _rédonder_--L. _redund[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _und[=a]re_, to surge--_unda_, a wave.] REDOWA, red'[=o]-a, _n._ a Bohemian round dance, one form resembling the waltz, the other the polka: the music for such a dance, usually in quick -triple time. [Fr.,--Bohem. _rejdowák_.] +triple time. [Fr.,--Bohem. _rejdowák_.] REDRAFT, r[=e]-draft', _n._ a second draft or copy: a new bill of exchange which the holder of a protested bill draws on the drawer or endorsers, for @@ -27957,12 +27926,12 @@ word-formation, as in L. _fefelli_, perf. of _fallo_, Gr. _tetupha_, perf. of _tupt[=o]_: (_anat._) a folding or doubling of a part or organ.--_adj._ RED[=U]'PLIC[=A]TIVE. -REDUVIIDÆ, red-[=u]-v[=i]'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of predacious +REDUVIIDÆ, red-[=u]-v[=i]'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of predacious bugs.--_adj._ RED[=U]'VIOID.--_n._ RED[=U]'VIUS, a genus embracing about fifty species, mostly African--the _Fly-bug_ is European. REDUX, r[=e]'duks, _adj._ led back, as from captivity, &c., as in Dryden's -poem on the Restoration entitled _Astræa Redux_: (_med._) noting the +poem on the Restoration entitled _Astræa Redux_: (_med._) noting the reappearance of certain physical signs after interruption in consequence of disease. @@ -28015,7 +27984,7 @@ warblers, frequenting marshy places, and building its nest on the reeds which grow there--also REED'-THRUSH; REED'-WREN, the greater reed-warbler: an American wren.--_adj._ REED'Y, abounding with reeds: resembling or sounding as a reed--_n._ masses of rods of iron imperfectly welded -together. [A.S. _hreód_; Dut. _riet_, Ger. _ried_.] +together. [A.S. _hreód_; Dut. _riet_, Ger. _ried_.] RE-EDIFY, r[=e]-ed'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to rebuild.--_n._ RE-EDIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of rebuilding: the state of being rebuilt. @@ -28040,12 +28009,12 @@ used to facilitate reefing.--_adjs._ REEF'Y, full of reefs; CLOSE'-REEFED, the condition of a sail when all its reefs have been taken in. [Dut. _reef_, reef; Ice. _rif_, Dan. _reb_.] -REEF, r[=e]f, _adj._ (_Scot._) scabby.--_n._ the itch. [A.S. _hreóf_, +REEF, r[=e]f, _adj._ (_Scot._) scabby.--_n._ the itch. [A.S. _hreóf_, scabby.] REEK, r[=e]k, _n._ smoke: vapour.--_v.i._ to emit smoke or vapour: to steam.--_adj._ REEK'Y, full of reek: smoky: soiled with steam or smoke: -foul. [A.S. _réc_; Ice. _reykr_, Ger. _rauch_, Dut. _rook_, smoke.] +foul. [A.S. _réc_; Ice. _reykr_, Ger. _rauch_, Dut. _rook_, smoke.] REEL, r[=e]l, _n._ a lively Scottish dance for two couples or more, its music generally written in common time of four crotchets in a measure, but @@ -28066,7 +28035,7 @@ fishing-line used on a reel by anglers, esp. the part _reeled_, as distinguished from that _cast;_ REEL'-PLATE, the metal plate of a fishing-reel that fits into the reel-seat; REEL'-SEAT, the groove on an angler's rod which receives the reel.--REEL OFF, to give out with rapidity -or fluency. [A.S. _reól_, _hreól_.] +or fluency. [A.S. _reól_, _hreól_.] REEL, r[=e]l, _v.i._ to stagger: to vacillate.--_n._ giddiness.--_adv._ REEL'-RALL (_Scot._), topsy-turvy. [Conn. with preceding word.] @@ -28081,7 +28050,7 @@ RE-ELIGIBIL'ITY. REEM, r[=e]m, _n._ an animal mentioned in Job, xxxix. 9--unicorn, wild ox, or ox-antelope. -RE-EMBARK, r[=e]-em-bärk', _v.t._ to embark or put on board again.--_n._ +RE-EMBARK, r[=e]-em-bärk', _v.t._ to embark or put on board again.--_n._ RE-EMBARK[=A]'TION. RE-EMBATTLE, r[=e]-em-bat'l, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to range again in order of @@ -28145,7 +28114,7 @@ REEVE, r[=e]v, _n._ a steward or other officer (now used only in composition, as in _sheriff_)--a title applied to several classes of old English magistrates over various territorial areas, as _borough-reeves_, over boroughs; _port-reeves_, in trading towns, in ports; _high-reeves_, -&c. [M. E. _reve_--A.S. _geréfa_--_róf_, excellent. Cf. Ger. _graf_.] +&c. [M. E. _reve_--A.S. _geréfa_--_róf_, excellent. Cf. Ger. _graf_.] REEVE, r[=e]v, _v.t._ to pass the end of a rope through any hole, as the channel of a block:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ reeved, also rove (_naut._). @@ -28198,7 +28167,7 @@ one who, or that which, is referred to: (_law_) the act of submitting a dispute for investigation or decision: a testimonial: a direction in a book, a quotation; REF'ERENCE-B[=I]'BLE, a Bible having references to parallel passages; REF'ERENCE-BOOK, a book to be referred to or consulted, -as an encyclopædia; REF'ERENCE-L[=I]'BRARY, a library containing books to +as an encyclopædia; REF'ERENCE-L[=I]'BRARY, a library containing books to be consulted only in the premises.--_n.pl._ REF'ERENCE-MARKS (_print._), the characters *, +, &c., used to refer to notes, &c.--_ns._ REFERENDAR', in Germany, a legal probationer who has passed the first of the two @@ -28211,7 +28180,7 @@ REFEREN'DUM, in Switzerland, the right of the people to have all legislative acts passed in the Federal or Cantonal Assemblies referred to them _en masse_.--_adj._ REFEREN'TIAL, containing a reference: pointing or referring to something else.--_adv._ REFEREN'TIALLY, in the way of -reference.--_ns._ REFER'MENT; REFER'RER. [O. Fr. _referer_ (_référer_)--L. +reference.--_ns._ REFER'MENT; REFER'RER. [O. Fr. _referer_ (_référer_)--L. _referre_, to carry back--_re-_, back, _ferre_, to carry.] REFERRIBLE. Same as REFERABLE. @@ -28379,7 +28348,7 @@ _refrain_--_refraindre_--L. _refring[)e]re_ (_refrang[)e]re_).] REFRAIN, r[=e]-fr[=a]n', _v.t._ to curb: to restrain.--_v.i._ to keep from action: to forbear.--_ns._ REFRAIN'ER; REFRAIN'MENT. [O. Fr. _refraindre_ -(Fr. _refréner_)--Low L. _refren[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _frenum_, a bridle.] +(Fr. _refréner_)--Low L. _refren[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _frenum_, a bridle.] REFRAME, r[=e]-fr[=a]m', _v.t._ to frame again. @@ -28465,7 +28434,7 @@ R[=E]FUTABIL'ITY.--_adj._ R[=E]F[=U]'TABLE, that may be refuted or disproved.--_adv._ R[=E]F[=U]'TABLY.--_n._ REFUT[=A]'TION, the act of refuting or disproving.--_adj._ R[=E]F[=U]'T[=A]TORY, tending to refute: refuting.--_n._ R[=E]F[=U]'TER, one who, or that which, refutes. [Fr. -_réfuter_--L. _refut[=a]re_--_re-_, back, root of _fund[)e]re_, _futilis_.] +_réfuter_--L. _refut[=a]re_--_re-_, back, root of _fund[)e]re_, _futilis_.] REGAIN, r[=e]-g[=a]n, _v.t._ to gain back or again: to recover. @@ -28478,7 +28447,7 @@ voices.--Also RIG'OLE. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _regalis_, royal.] REGALE, r[=e]-g[=a]l', _v.t._ to entertain in a sumptuous manner: to refresh: to gratify.--_v.i._ to feast.--_n._ a regal or magnificent feast.--_ns._ REGALE'MENT, the act of regaling: entertainment: refreshment; -REG[=A]'LER. [Fr. _régaler_, derived by Diez, like Sp. _regalar_, from L. +REG[=A]'LER. [Fr. _régaler_, derived by Diez, like Sp. _regalar_, from L. _regel[=a]re_, to thaw. Scheler prefers to connect with O. Fr. _galer_, to rejoice (cf. _Gala_), and Skeat follows him.] @@ -28493,7 +28462,7 @@ R[=E]'GALLY. [Neut. pl. of L. _regalis_, royal.] REGALIA, r[=e]-g[=a]'lya, _n._ a superior Cuban cigar. -REGARD, r[=e]-gärd', _v.t._ to observe particularly: to hold in respect or +REGARD, r[=e]-gärd', _v.t._ to observe particularly: to hold in respect or affection: to pay attention to: to care for: to keep or observe: to esteem: to consider as important or valuable: to have respect or relation to.--_n._ (_orig._) look, gaze: attention with interest: observation: respect: @@ -28565,15 +28534,15 @@ REGIBLE, rej'i-bl, _adj._ governable. REGICIDE, rej'i-s[=i]d, _n._ the murderer of a king--applied esp. to the members of the High Court of Justice who sentenced Charles I. to death.--_adj._ REGIC[=I]'DAL. [Fr.,--L. _rex_, _regis_, a king, -_cæd[)e]re_, to kill.] +_cæd[)e]re_, to kill.] REGIFUGIUM, r[=e]-ji-f[=u]'ji-um, _n._ an ancient Roman festival commemorating the expulsion of the Tarquins. REGILD, r[=e]-gild', _v.t._ to gild again or anew. -RÉGIME, r[=a]-zh[=e]m', _n._ mode of ruling one's diet: form of government: -administration.--ANCIEN RÉGIME, the political system that prevailed in +RÉGIME, r[=a]-zh[=e]m', _n._ mode of ruling one's diet: form of government: +administration.--ANCIEN RÉGIME, the political system that prevailed in France before the Revolution of 1789. [Fr.,--L. _regimen_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] @@ -28645,14 +28614,14 @@ REGLEMENT, reg'l-ment, _n._ (_Bacon_) regulation.--_adj._ REGLEMEN'TARY. REGLET, reg'let, _n._ a flat, narrow moulding, used to separate panels, &c.: a fillet: (_print._) a ledge of wood thicker than a lead, and used for a like purpose.--_n._ REG'LET-PLANE, a plane for making printers' reglets. -[Fr., dim. of _règle_--L. _regula_, a rule.] +[Fr., dim. of _règle_--L. _regula_, a rule.] REGLOW, r[=e]-gl[=o]', _v.i._ to recalesce.--_n._ recalescence. REGMA, reg'ma, _n._ (_bot._) a capsule with two or more lobes, each of which dehisces at maturity:--_pl._ REG'MATA. [Gr. _rh[=e]gma_, a fracture.] -REGMACARP, reg'ma-kärp, _n._ any dehiscent fruit. +REGMACARP, reg'ma-kärp, _n._ any dehiscent fruit. REGNAL, reg'nal, _adj._ pertaining to the reign of a monarch.--_n._ REG'NANCY, condition of being regnant: reign: predominance.--_adj._ @@ -28697,7 +28666,7 @@ regret'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ regret'ted.--_n._ sorrow for anything: concern: remorse: a written expression of regret.--_adj._ REGRET'FUL, full of regret.--_adv._ REGRET'FULLY.--_adj._ REGRET'TABLE.--_adv._ REGRET'TABLY. [O. Fr. _regrater_, to desire, prob. from L. _re-_, again, -and an Old Low Ger. form, appearing in A.S. _gr['æ]tan_, Goth. _gretan_, to +and an Old Low Ger. form, appearing in A.S. _gr['æ]tan_, Goth. _gretan_, to weep, Scot. _greet_. Others explain as from L. _re-_, in neg. sense, and _gratus_, pleasing.] @@ -28708,7 +28677,7 @@ reward.--_n._ REGUER'DONMENT. REGULA, reg'[=u]-la, _n._ a book of rules for a religious house: (_archit._) one of the bands under a Doric triglyph or between the canals -of the triglyphs:--_pl._ REG'ULÆ (-l[=e]). [L. _regula_, a rule.] +of the triglyphs:--_pl._ REG'ULÆ (-l[=e]). [L. _regula_, a rule.] REGULAR, reg'[=u]-lar, _adj._ according to rule, or to law, order, custom, established practice, or mode prescribed: in accordance with nature or art, @@ -28758,7 +28727,7 @@ extensive tracts of Upper India. REHABILITATE, r[=e]-ha-bil'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to reinstate, restore to former privileges.--_n._ REHABILIT[=A]'TION, the act of restoring to forfeited -rights or privileges. [Fr. _réhabiliter_--L. _re-_, again, +rights or privileges. [Fr. _réhabiliter_--L. _re-_, again, _habilit[=a]re_--_hab[=e]re_, to have.] REHANDLE, r[=e]-hand'l, _v.t._ to remodel. @@ -28791,11 +28760,11 @@ different species. REHYPOTHECATE, r[=e]-h[=i]-poth'[=e]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to lend as security bonds already pledged.--_n._ REHYPOTHEC[=A]'TION. -REICHSRATH, r[=i]hs'rät, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the western +REICHSRATH, r[=i]hs'rät, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the western part of the Austrian Empire, excluding Hungary, which has its own parliament. -REICHSTAG, r[=i]hs'täh, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the German +REICHSTAG, r[=i]hs'täh, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the German Empire, exercising legislative power in conjunction with the _Bundesrath_: the diet of the old German Empire. @@ -28804,7 +28773,7 @@ R[=E]'IFY, to make real or material. REIGN, r[=a]n, _n._ rule: dominion, as Reign of Terror: royal authority: supreme power: influence: time during which a sovereign rules.--_v.i._ to -rule: to have sovereign power: to be predominant. [Fr. _règne_--L. +rule: to have sovereign power: to be predominant. [Fr. _règne_--L. _regnum_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] REILLUMINATE, r[=e]-il-l[=u]'min-[=a]t, _v.t._ to illuminate or enlighten @@ -28842,12 +28811,12 @@ reins; REIN'-HOOK, a hook on a gig-saddle for holding the bearing-rein.--_adj._ REIN'LESS, without rein or restraint.--_n._ REINS'MAN, a skilful driver.--REIN UP, to bring a horse to a stop.--GIVE THE REINS TO, to leave unchecked; TAKE THE REINS, to take the control. [O. -Fr. _reine_ (Fr. _rêne_), through Late L. _retina_, from _retin[=e]re_, to +Fr. _reine_ (Fr. _rêne_), through Late L. _retina_, from _retin[=e]re_, to hold back.] REINAUGURATE, r[=e]-in-aw'g[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to inaugurate again or anew. -REINCARNATE, r[=e]-in-kär'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to embody anew.--_n._ +REINCARNATE, r[=e]-in-kär'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to embody anew.--_n._ REINCARN[=A]'TION. REINCENSE, r[=e]-in-sens', _v.t._ to rekindle. @@ -28962,7 +28931,7 @@ REJOICE, r[=e]-jois', _v.i._ to feel and express joy again and again: to be glad: to exult or triumph.--_v.t._ to make joyful: to gladden.--_ns._ REJOICE'MENT, rejoicing; REJOIC'ER; REJOIC'ING, act of being joyful: expression, subject, or experience of joy.--_adv._ REJOIC'INGLY, with joy -or exultation. [O. Fr. _resjoir_ (Fr. _réjouir_)--_re-_, again, _jouir_, to +or exultation. [O. Fr. _resjoir_ (Fr. _réjouir_)--_re-_, again, _jouir_, to enjoy--_joie_, joy.] REJOIN, r[=e]-join', _v.t._ to join again: to unite what is separated: to @@ -28976,7 +28945,7 @@ with mortar. REJOLT, r[=e]-jolt', _v.t._ to shake anew.--_n._ a new shock. REJOURN, r[=e]-jurn', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to adjourn or postpone, to -defer.--_n._ REJOURN'MENT. [Fr. _réajourner_.] +defer.--_n._ REJOURN'MENT. [Fr. _réajourner_.] REJUDGE, r[=e]-juj', _v.t._ to re-examine. @@ -29083,7 +29052,7 @@ RELIC, rel'ik, _n._ that which is left after loss or decay of the rest: a corpse (gener. _pl._): (_R.C._) any personal memorial of a reputed saint, to be held in reverence as an incentive to faith and piety: a memorial, a souvenir: a monument.--_n._ REL'IC-MONG'ER, one who traffics in relics. -[Fr. _relique_--L. _reliquiæ_--_relinqu[)e]re_, _relictum_, to leave +[Fr. _relique_--L. _reliquiæ_--_relinqu[)e]re_, _relictum_, to leave behind.] RELICT, rel'ikt, _n._ a woman surviving her husband, a widow. [L. @@ -29161,8 +29130,8 @@ RELIQUARY, rel'i-kw[=a]-ri, _n._ a small chest or casket for holding relics: (_law_) one who owes a balance.--Also RELIQUAIRE'. [Fr. _reliquaire_; cf. _Relic_.] -RELIQUE, re-l[=e]k', _n._ a relic.--_n.pl._ RELIQUIÆ (r[=e]-lik'wi-[=e]), -remains, esp. of fossil organisms: (_archæology_) artifacts, or things made +RELIQUE, re-l[=e]k', _n._ a relic.--_n.pl._ RELIQUIÆ (r[=e]-lik'wi-[=e]), +remains, esp. of fossil organisms: (_archæology_) artifacts, or things made or modified by human art. RELIQUIDATE, r[=e]-lik'wi-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to adjust anew.--_n._ @@ -29226,7 +29195,7 @@ permanence.--_adj._ REM'ANENT, remaining: (_Scot._) additional.--_ns._ REMANES'CENCE, a residuum; REM'ANET, a postponed case. [O. Fr. _remander_--L. _remand[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _mand[=a]re_, to order.] -REMARK, r[=e]-märk', _v.t._ to mark or take notice of: to express what one +REMARK, r[=e]-märk', _v.t._ to mark or take notice of: to express what one thinks or sees: to say.--_n._ words regarding anything: notice: any distinguishing mark on an engraving or etching indicating a certain state of the plate before completion, also a print or proof bearing this special @@ -29236,7 +29205,7 @@ extraordinary.--_n._ REMARK'ABLENESS.--_adv._ REMARK'ABLY.--_adj._ REMARKED', conspicuous: bearing a remark, as an etching.--_n._ REMARK'ER. [O. Fr. _remarquer_--_re-_, inten., _marquer_, to mark.] -RE-MARK, r[=e]-märk', _v.t._ to mark a second time. +RE-MARK, r[=e]-märk', _v.t._ to mark a second time. REMARRY, r[=e]-mar'i, _v.t._ to marry again.--_n._ REMARR'IAGE. @@ -29305,7 +29274,7 @@ REMINISCENCE, rem-i-nis'ens, _n._ recollection: an account of what is remembered: the recurrence to the mind of the past.--_n._ REMINIS'CENT, one who calls past events to mind.--_adj._ capable of calling to mind.--_adjs._ REMINISCEN'TIAL, REMINIS'CITORY, tending to remind. [Fr.,--Low L. -_reminiscentiæ_, recollections--L. _reminisci_, to recall to mind.] +_reminiscentiæ_, recollections--L. _reminisci_, to recall to mind.] REMIPED, rem'i-ped, _adj._ oar-footed.--_n._ one of an order of insects having feet adapted for swimming. [L. _remus_, an oar, _pes_, _pedis_, a @@ -29417,7 +29386,7 @@ _mov[=e]re_, to move.] REMPLI, rong-pl[=e]', _adj._ (_her._) having another tincture than its own covering the greater part. [Fr.] -REMPLISSAGE, rong-pl[=e]-säzh', _n._ padding. [Fr.] +REMPLISSAGE, rong-pl[=e]-säzh', _n._ padding. [Fr.] REMUNERATE, r[=e]-m[=u]'n[.e]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to render an equivalent for any service: to recompense.--_n._ REMUNERABIL'ITY, capability of being @@ -29455,7 +29424,7 @@ RENATE, r[=e]-n[=a]t', _adj._ (_obs._) born again: renewed. RENAVIGATE, re-nav'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to navigate again. -RENCOUNTER, ren-kownt'[.e]r, RENCONTRE, räng-kong'tr, _n._ a meeting in +RENCOUNTER, ren-kownt'[.e]r, RENCONTRE, räng-kong'tr, _n._ a meeting in contest: a casual combat: a collision.--_v.t._ to encounter. [Fr. _rencontre_.] @@ -29474,7 +29443,7 @@ translation.--_adj._ REND'IBLE, capable of being yielded up, or of being translated. [O. Fr. _rendre_--L. _redd[)e]re_--_re-_, away, _d[)a]re_, to give.] -RENDEZVOUS, ren'de-v[=oo], or räng'-, _n._ an appointed place of meeting, +RENDEZVOUS, ren'de-v[=oo], or räng'-, _n._ an appointed place of meeting, esp. for troops or ships: a place for enlistment: a refuge:--_pl._ REN'DEZVOUS.--_v.i._ to assemble at any appointed place. [Fr. _rendez vous_, render yourselves--_rendre_, to render.] @@ -29534,7 +29503,7 @@ improvement of society by the spiritual renovation of the individual; REN'OV[=A]TOR. [L. _re-_, again, _nov[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make new--_novus_, new.] -RENOWN, r[=e]-nown', _n._ a great name: celebrity: éclat.--_v.t._ to make +RENOWN, r[=e]-nown', _n._ a great name: celebrity: éclat.--_v.t._ to make famous.--_adj._ RENOWNED', celebrated: illustrious: famous.--_adv._ RENOWN'EDLY.--_n._ RENOWN'ER, one who gives renown: a swaggerer.--_adj._ RENOWN'LESS. [O. Fr. _renoun_ (Fr. _renom_)--L. _re-_, again, _nomen_, a @@ -29623,7 +29592,7 @@ REPAINT, r[=e]-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ to paint anew. REPAIR, r[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.i._ to betake one's self to: to go: to resort.--_n._ a retreat or abode. [O. Fr. _repairer_, to return to a -haunt--Low L. _répatri[=a]re_, to return to one's country--L. _re-_, back, +haunt--Low L. _répatri[=a]re_, to return to one's country--L. _re-_, back, _patria_, native country.] REPAIR, r[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to restore after injury: to make amends for: @@ -29647,7 +29616,7 @@ REPARTEE, rep-ar-t[=e]', _n._ a smart, ready, and witty reply.--_v.i._ to make witty replies. [O. Fr. _repartie_--_repartir_, to go back again--_re-_, back, _partir_, to set out--L. _part[=i]ri_, to divide.] -REPARTIMIENTO, re-pär-ti-mi-en't[=o], _n._ a division: an assessment: +REPARTIMIENTO, re-pär-ti-mi-en't[=o], _n._ a division: an assessment: allotment. [Sp.] REPARTITION, r[=e]-par-tish'un, _n._ a second partition: a division into @@ -29702,7 +29671,7 @@ voting at an election for the same candidate more than once.--REPEATING FIREARM, a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick succession; REPEAT ONE'S SELF, to say again what one has said already; REPEAT SIGNALS, to repeat those of the senior officer: to make a signal again. [O. Fr. -_repeter_ (Fr. _répéter_)--L. _repet[)e]re_, _repetitum_--_re-_, again, +_repeter_ (Fr. _répéter_)--L. _repet[)e]re_, _repetitum_--_re-_, again, _pet[)e]re_, to seek.] REPEL, r[=e]-pel', _v.t._ to drive back: to repulse: to check the advance @@ -29816,7 +29785,7 @@ _replic[=a]re_, to repeat.] REPLICANT, rep'li-kant, _n._ one who makes a reply. REPLICATE, rep'li-k[=a]t, _adj._ folded: (_bot._) folded outward as in -vernation, inward as in æstivation: (_mus._) a tone one or more octaves +vernation, inward as in æstivation: (_mus._) a tone one or more octaves from a given tone.--_adj._ REP'LIC[=A]TILE.--_n._ REPLIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ REP'LIC[=A]TIVE. @@ -29882,12 +29851,12 @@ REPOT, r[=e]-pot', _v.t._ to shift plants from pot to pot. REPOUR, r[=e]-p[=o]r', _v.i._ to pour again. -REPOUSSAGE, r[=e]-p[=oo]'säj, _n._ the hammering from behind of ornamental +REPOUSSAGE, r[=e]-p[=oo]'säj, _n._ the hammering from behind of ornamental patterns upon a metal plate: or of etched plates making hollows which would show as spots in printing. -REPOUSSÉ, r[=e]-p[=oo]'s[=a], _adj._ raised in relief by means of the -hammer.--REPOUSSÉ WORK, vessels ornamented by hammering on the reverse +REPOUSSÉ, r[=e]-p[=oo]'s[=a], _adj._ raised in relief by means of the +hammer.--REPOUSSÉ WORK, vessels ornamented by hammering on the reverse side. REPPED, rept, _adj._ corded transversely. [_Rep._] @@ -29919,8 +29888,8 @@ stands for another, a deputy, delegate: (_law_) an heir.--_adv._ REPRESENT'ATIVELY.--_ns._ REPRESENT'ATIVENESS; REPRESENT'ER; REPRESENT'MENT.--REPRESENTATIVE FACULTY, the imagination.--HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, the lower branch of the United States Congress, consisting -of members chosen biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,--L. _repræsent[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, _præsent[=a]re_, to place before.] +of members chosen biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,--L. _repræsent[=a]re_, +_-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, _præsent[=a]re_, to place before.] REPRESS, r[=e]-pres', _v.t._ to restrain, quell--also _n._--_ns._ REPRESS'ER, -OR.--_adj._ REPRESS'IBLE, that may be restrained.--_adv._ @@ -29936,7 +29905,7 @@ REPRIEF, r[=e]-pr[=e]f, _n._ (_Spens._) reproof. REPRIEVE, r[=e]-pr[=e]v', _v.t._ to delay the execution of a criminal: to give a respite to: (_obs._) acquit, release.--_n._ a suspension of a criminal sentence: interval of ease or relief.--_n._ REPRIEV'AL. [O. Fr. -_reprover_ (Fr. _réprouver_)--L. _reprob[=a]re_, to reprove.] +_reprover_ (Fr. _réprouver_)--L. _reprob[=a]re_, to reprove.] REPRIMAND, rep'ri-mand, or -mand', _n._ a severe reproof.--_v.t._ to chide: to reprove severely: to administer reproof publicly or officially. [O. @@ -30014,7 +29983,7 @@ reprehension.--_adj._ REPROVABLE (-[=oo]v'-), deserving reproof, blame, or censure.--_n._ REPROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ REPROV'ABLY.--_n._ REPRO'VAL, the act of reproving: reproof.--_v.t._ REPROVE', to condemn: to chide: to convict: to censure: to disprove or refute.--_ns._ REPRO'VER; -REPRO'VING.--_adv._ REPRO'VINGLY. [O. Fr. _reprover_ (Fr. _réprouver_)--L. +REPRO'VING.--_adv._ REPRO'VINGLY. [O. Fr. _reprover_ (Fr. _réprouver_)--L. _reprob[=a]re_, the opposite of _approb[=a]re_ (cf. _Approve_)--_re-_, off, _prob[=a]re_, to try.] @@ -30052,7 +30021,7 @@ government.--_n._ REPUBLIC[=A]'RIAN.--REPUBLIC OF LETTERS, a name for the general body of literary and learned men.--REPUBLICAN ERA, the era adopted by the French after the downfall of the monarchy, beginning with 22d September 1792.--RED REPUBLICAN, a violent republican, from the red cap -affected by such. [Fr. _république_--L. _respublica_, commonwealth.] +affected by such. [Fr. _république_--L. _respublica_, commonwealth.] REPUBLISH, r[=e]-pub'lish, _v.t._ to publish again or anew.--_ns._ REPUBLIC[=A]'TION, act of republishing: that which is republished, esp. a @@ -30126,8 +30095,8 @@ tribunal instituted in London by Henry VIII. for the recovery of small debts--called also _Court of Conscience_: LETTERS OF REQUEST, the formal instrument by which in English ecclesiastical law an inferior judge waives his jurisdiction over a cause, and refers it to a higher court. [O. Fr. -_requeste_ (Fr. _requête_)--L. _requisitum_, pa.p. of -_requir[)e]re_--_re-_, away, _quær[)e]re_, to seek.] +_requeste_ (Fr. _requête_)--L. _requisitum_, pa.p. of +_requir[)e]re_--_re-_, away, _quær[)e]re_, to seek.] REQUICKEN, r[=e]-kwik'n, _v.t._ to give new life to. @@ -30136,7 +30105,7 @@ the dead: a grand musical composition in honour of the dead: (_obs._) rest, peace.--_n._ REQUIES'CENCE, repose.--REQUIESCAT IN PACE, may he (or she) rest in peace, often abbreviated _R.I.P._ [L., accus. of _requies_--(_re-_, inten., _quies_, rest); so called from the initial words of the introit, -_Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine!_ 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!'] +_Requiem æternam dona eis, Domine!_ 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!'] REQUIRE, r[=e]-kw[=i]r', _v.t._ to ask: to demand: to need: to exact: to direct.--_adj._ REQUIR'ABLE, that may be required: fit or proper to be @@ -30164,7 +30133,7 @@ RERAIL, r[=e]-r[=a]l', _v.t._ to replace on the rails. REREAD, r[=e]-r[=e]d', _v.t._ to read again. REREBRACE, r[=e]r'br[=a]s, _n._ the armour of the upper arm from shoulder -to elbow.--Also _Arrière-bras_. +to elbow.--Also _Arrière-bras_. REREBRAKE, r[=e]r-br[=a]k', _n._ an appurtenance of a mounted warrior in the fifteenth century. @@ -30180,15 +30149,15 @@ REREFIEF, r[=e]r'f[=e]f, _n._ (_Scot._) an under-fief. RE-REITERATED, r[=e]-r[=e]-it'[.e]r-[=a]t-ed, _p.adj._ (_Tenn._) reiterated or repeated again and again. -REREMOUSE, r[=e]r'mows, _n._ a bat. [A.S. _hréremús_--_hréran_, to move, -_mús_, a mouse.] +REREMOUSE, r[=e]r'mows, _n._ a bat. [A.S. _hréremús_--_hréran_, to move, +_mús_, a mouse.] RERESUPPER, r[=e]r'sup-[.e]r, _n._ a late supper. REREWARD. Same as REARWARD. RES, r[=e]z, _n._ a thing, a point.--RES ANGUSTA DOMI, straitened -circumstances; RES GESTÆ, things done; RES JUDIC[=A]TA, a matter decided. +circumstances; RES GESTÆ, things done; RES JUDIC[=A]TA, a matter decided. RESAIL, r[=e]-s[=a]l', _v.i._ to sail back. @@ -30235,7 +30204,7 @@ RESEARCH'ER.--_adj._ RESEARCH'FUL, inquisitive, prone to investigation. RESEAT, r[=e]-s[=e]t', _v.t._ to furnish with new seats. -RÉSEAU, r[=a]-z[=o]', _n._ a fine meshed ground for lace-work. +RÉSEAU, r[=a]-z[=o]', _n._ a fine meshed ground for lace-work. RESECTION, r[=e]-sek'shun, _n._ act of cutting off: removal of a bone's articular extremity.--_v.t._ RESECT', to cut off. [L. _resec[=a]re_, _re-_, @@ -30544,7 +30513,7 @@ sig. repetition, _spir[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to breathe.] RESPITE, res'pit, _n._ temporary cessation of anything: pause: interval of rest: (_law_) temporary suspension of the execution of a criminal.--_v.t._ to grant a respite to: to relieve by a pause: to delay.--_adj._ -RES'PITELESS. [O. Fr. _respit_ (Fr. _répit_)--L. _respectus_, respect.] +RES'PITELESS. [O. Fr. _respit_ (Fr. _répit_)--L. _respectus_, respect.] RESPLENDENT, r[=e]-splen'dent, _adj._ very splendid, shining brilliantly: very bright: (_her._) issuing rays.--_ns._ RESPLEN'DENCE, RESPLEN'DENCY, @@ -30605,7 +30574,7 @@ rest, the grave: in building, a landing in a staircase; REST'ING-SPORE, a spore which germinates after a period of dormancy; REST'ING-STAGE, -STATE, a state of suspended activity, as of woody plants, bulbs; REST'ING-WHILE, a period of leisure.--AT REST, applied to a body, means, having no velocity -with respect to that on which the body stands. [A.S. _rest_, _ræst_; Ger. +with respect to that on which the body stands. [A.S. _rest_, _ræst_; Ger. _rast_, Dut. _rust_.] REST, rest, _n._ that which remains after the separation of a part: @@ -30645,7 +30614,7 @@ RESTILY, res'ti-li, _adv._ stubbornly, sluggishly. RESTINCTION, r[=e]-stingk'shun, _n._ the act of extinguishing.--_v.t._ RESTING'UISH, to quench. -RESTIO, res'ti-[=o], _n._ a genus of glumaceous plants.--_n._ RESTIOI'DEÆ. +RESTIO, res'ti-[=o], _n._ a genus of glumaceous plants.--_n._ RESTIOI'DEÆ. RESTIPULATE, r[=e]-stip'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to stipulate anew.--_n._ RESTIPUL[=A]'TION. @@ -30673,7 +30642,7 @@ REST[=O]R'ABLENESS, the state or quality of being restorable; REST[=O]R[=A]'TION, act of restoring: replacement: recovery: revival: reparation: renewal: restoration of a building to its original design: (_theol._) receiving of a sinner to the divine favour: the final recovery -of all men: (_palæont._) the proper adjustment of the bones of an extinct +of all men: (_palæont._) the proper adjustment of the bones of an extinct animal; REST[=O]R[=A]'TIONIST, one who holds the belief that after a purgation all wicked men and angels will be restored to the favour of God, a universalist.--_adj._ REST[=O]R'ATIVE, able or tending to restore, esp. @@ -30734,7 +30703,7 @@ again: to begin again after interruption.--_adj._ RES[=U]'MABLE, liable to be taken back again, or taken up again. [L. _resum[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _sum[)e]re_, _sumptum_, to take.] -RÉSUMÉ, r[=a]-z[=u]-m[=a]', _n._ a summing up: a summary.--_v.t._ RESUME'. +RÉSUMÉ, r[=a]-z[=u]-m[=a]', _n._ a summing up: a summary.--_v.t._ RESUME'. [Fr.,--L. _resum[)e]re_, to resume.] RESUMMON, r[=e]-sum'un, _v.t._ to summon again: to recover.--_n._ @@ -30805,10 +30774,10 @@ RETAL'I[=A]TORY, returning like for like. [L. _retali[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, in return, _talio_, _-onis_, like for like--_talis_, of such a kind.] -RETAMA, re-tä'mä, or re-t[=a]'mä, _n._ a group of yellow-flowered shrubs, +RETAMA, re-tä'mä, or re-t[=a]'mä, _n._ a group of yellow-flowered shrubs, with rush-like branches. -RETARD, r[=e]-tärd', _v.t._ to keep back: to delay: to defer.--_adj._ +RETARD, r[=e]-tärd', _v.t._ to keep back: to delay: to defer.--_adj._ RETAR'DANT.--_n._ RETARD[=A]'TION, delay: hinderance: obstacle: (_phys._) a continuous decrement in velocity: in acoustics, the distance by which one wave is behind another: (_mus._) the act of diminishing the rate of speed: @@ -30819,7 +30788,7 @@ sun's right ascension in a sidereal day. [Fr.,--L. _retard[=a]re_--_re-_, inten., _tard[=a]re_, to make slow--_tardus_, slow.] RETCH, rech, _v.i._ to try to vomit: to strain: to reach. [A.S. -_hr['æ]can_--_hr['æ]c_, a cough; Ice. _hrækja_.] +_hr['æ]can_--_hr['æ]c_, a cough; Ice. _hrækja_.] RETCHLESS, rech'les, _adj._ (_obs._) reckless.--_adv._ RETCH'LESSLY.--_n._ RETCH'LESSNESS. @@ -30839,7 +30808,7 @@ RETEN'TIVE, having power to retain.--_adv._ RETEN'TIVELY.--_ns._ RETEN'TIVENESS, RETENTIV'ITY; RETEN'TOR, a muscle which serves to retain an organ in place.--MAGNETIC RETENTIVENESS, coercive force. -RETEPORE, r[=e]'te-p[=o]r, _n._ a coral of the genus _Reteporidæ_. +RETEPORE, r[=e]'te-p[=o]r, _n._ a coral of the genus _Reteporidæ_. RETEX, r[=e]-teks', _v.t._ to annul. @@ -30847,7 +30816,7 @@ RETEXTURE, r[=e]-tekst'[=u]r, _n._ a second or new texture. RETIARY, r[=e]'shi-[=a]-ri, _adj._ net-like: constructing a web to catch prey: provided with a net.--_n._ a gladiator who fights with a net--also -RETI[=A]'RIUS.--_n.pl._ R[=E]'TI[=A]RIÆ, the spinning spiders. [L. +RETI[=A]'RIUS.--_n.pl._ R[=E]'TI[=A]RIÆ, the spinning spiders. [L. _retiarius_--_rete_, a net.] RETICENCE, ret'i-sens, _n._ concealment by silence: reserve in speech--also @@ -30861,7 +30830,7 @@ lady's workbag: an attachment to a telescope consisting of a network of lines ruled on glass.--_adj._ RETIC'ULAR, having the form of network: formed with interstices: (_anat._) cellular.--_ns._ RETICUL[=A]'R[=E]; RETICUL[=A]'RIA, a genus of the myxomycetous fungi.--_n.pl._ -RETICULARI[=A]'CEÆ.--_adjs._ RETICUL[=A]'RIAN; RETICUL[=A]'RIOUS.--__adv.__ +RETICULARI[=A]'CEÆ.--_adjs._ RETICUL[=A]'RIAN; RETICUL[=A]'RIOUS.--__adv.__ RETIC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ RETIC'ULARY; RETIC'UL[=A]TE, -D, netted: having the form or structure of a net: having veins crossing like network, as a reticulate leaf.--_n._ RETICUL[=A]'TION, a method of copying a painting by @@ -30876,7 +30845,7 @@ eyepiece; RETICULATED MOULDING, a fillet interlaced in various ways; RETICULATED WORK, masonry constructed with diamond-shaped stones. [L. _reticulum_--_rete_, net.] -RETIERCÉ, r[=e]-ty[=a]r's[=a], _adj._ (_her._) divided fesswise into three +RETIERCÉ, r[=e]-ty[=a]r's[=a], _adj._ (_her._) divided fesswise into three equal parts. RETIFERA, r[=e]-tif'er-a, _n._ the true limpet. @@ -30924,7 +30893,7 @@ RETIPED, r[=e]'tip-ed, _n._ having reticulated tarsi. RETIRACY, r[=e]-t[=i]r'[=a]-si, _n._ retirement. -RETIRADE, ret-i-räd', _n._ a retrenchment in the body of a bastion which a +RETIRADE, ret-i-räd', _n._ a retrenchment in the body of a bastion which a garrison may defend. [Fr.] RETIRE, r[=e]-t[=i]r', _v.i._ to draw back: to retreat: to recede: to go to @@ -30940,7 +30909,7 @@ office or service.--RETIRED LIST, a list of officers who are relieved from active service but receive a certain amount of pay. [O. Fr. _retirer_--_re-_, back, _tirer_, to draw.] -RETITELÆ, ret-i-t[=e]'l[=e], _n.pl._ a group of spiders which spin +RETITELÆ, ret-i-t[=e]'l[=e], _n.pl._ a group of spiders which spin irregular webs.--_n._ RETITEL[=A]'RIAN. RETOLD, r[=e]-t[=o]ld', _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _retell_. @@ -31000,7 +30969,7 @@ portrait--L. _retrah[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] RETRAL, r[=e]'tral, _adj._ back, posterior. -RETRANCHÉ, re-trong-sh[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) divided bend-wise twice or +RETRANCHÉ, re-trong-sh[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) divided bend-wise twice or into three parts. RETRANSFER, r[=e]-trans-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to transfer back.--_n._ @@ -31041,7 +31010,7 @@ curtail.--_v.i._ to live at less expense: to economise.--_n._ RETRENCH'MENT, cutting off: lessening or abridging: reduction: economy: (_fort._) a work within another for prolonging the defence. [O. Fr. _retrencher_ (Fr. _retrancher_)--_re-_, off, _trencher_, to cut, which, -acc. to Littré, is from L. _trunc[=a]re_, to cut off.] +acc. to Littré, is from L. _trunc[=a]re_, to cut off.] RETRIAL, r[=e]-tr[=i]'al, _n._ a repetition of trial. @@ -31071,7 +31040,7 @@ RETROAC'TIVE.--_adv._ RETROAC'TIVELY, in a retroactive manner: by operating on something past.--RETROACTIVE LAW, a retrospective law. [L. _retroactus_, _retroag[)e]re_--_retro_, backward, _ag[)e]re_, _actum_, to do.] -RETROBULBAR, r[=e]-tr[=o]-bul'bär, _adj._ being behind the eyeball. +RETROBULBAR, r[=e]-tr[=o]-bul'bär, _adj._ being behind the eyeball. RETROCEDE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to go back: to relapse: to retire: to give back.--_adj._ RETROC[=E]'DENT.--_n._ RETROCES'SION (_med._), the @@ -31150,7 +31119,7 @@ RETROUSSAGE, re-tr[=oo]-sazh', _n._ a method of producing effective tones in the printing of etchings by skilful treatment of the ink in certain parts. -RETROUSSÉ, re-tr[=oo]-s[=a]', _adj._ turned up: pug. +RETROUSSÉ, re-tr[=oo]-s[=a]', _adj._ turned up: pug. RETROVACCINATE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-vak'si-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to vaccinate a cow with human virus.--_ns._ RETROVACCIN[=A]'TION; RETROVAC'CINE. @@ -31215,7 +31184,7 @@ REUNE, r[=e]-[=u]n', _v.t._ (_obs._) to reunite.--_v.i._ to hold a reunion.--_adjs._ RE[=U]'NIENT; RE[=U]'NITIVE. REUNION, r[=e]-[=u]n'yun, _n._ a union after separation: an assembly or -social gathering. [Fr. _réunion_--_re-_, again, _union_, union.] +social gathering. [Fr. _réunion_--_re-_, again, _union_, union.] REUNITE, r[=e]-[=u]-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to join after separation: to reconcile after variance.--_v.i._ to become united again: to join again.--_v.t._ @@ -31257,7 +31226,7 @@ REVEAL, r[=e]-v[=e]l', _v.t._ to unveil: to make known, as by divine agency: to disclose.--_n._ REVEALABIL'ITY.--_adj._ REVEAL'ABLE.--_ns._ REVEAL'ABLENESS; REVEAL'ER; REVEAL'MENT, revelation.--REVEALED RELIGION, that which has been supernaturally revealed. [O. Fr. _reveler_ (Fr. -_révéler_)--L. _revel[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _vel[=a]re_, to veil--_velum_, a +_révéler_)--L. _revel[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _vel[=a]re_, to veil--_velum_, a veil.] REVEAL, r[=e]-v[=e]l', _n._ (_archit._) the square ingoing of a window, @@ -31333,13 +31302,13 @@ submissive: humble; REVEREN'TIAL, proceeding from reverence: respectful: submissive.--_advs._ REVEREN'TIALLY; REV'ERENTLY.--_n._ RE'VERER, one who reveres.--DO REVERENCE, to do honour; MAKE REVERENCE, to worship; SAVING YOUR REVERENCE, with all due respect to you. [O. Fr. _reverer_ (Fr. -_révérer_)--L. _rever[=e]ri_--_re-_, inten., _ver[=e]ri_, to feel awe.] +_révérer_)--L. _rever[=e]ri_--_re-_, inten., _ver[=e]ri_, to feel awe.] REVERIE, REVERY, rev'e-ri, _n._ an irregular train of thoughts or fancies in meditation: voluntary inactivity of the external senses to the impressions of surrounding objects during wakefulness: mental abstraction: a waking dream: a brown study.--_n._ REV'ERIST. [O. Fr. _resveri_ (Fr. -_rêverie_)--_resver_, _rever_, to dream.] +_rêverie_)--_resver_, _rever_, to dream.] REVERS, re-v[=a]r' (gener. r[=e]-v[=e]r'), _n._ that part of a garment which is turned back, as the lapel of a coat. @@ -31405,7 +31374,7 @@ REVESTURE, r[=e]-ves't[=u]r, _n._ (_obs._) vesture. REVET, r[=e]-vet', _v.t._ (_fort._) to face with masonry, &c., as an embankment with a steep slope.--_n._ REVET'MENT, a retaining wall, a facing -of stone, wood, &c. [Fr. _revêtir_, to reclothe.] +of stone, wood, &c. [Fr. _revêtir_, to reclothe.] REVIBRATE, r[=e]-v[=i]'br[=a]t, _v.i._ to vibrate back or in return.--_n._ REVIBR[=A]'TION. @@ -31514,7 +31483,7 @@ REVOLUTION, rev-[=o]-l[=u]'shun, _n._ act of revolving: motion round a centre: course which brings to the same point or state: space measured by a revolving body: a radical change, as of one's way of living: fundamental change in the government of a country: a revolt: a complete rotation -through 360°: a round of periodic changes, as the revolutions of the +through 360°: a round of periodic changes, as the revolutions of the seasons: the winding of a spiral about its axis: change of circumstances: consideration.--_adj._ REVOL[=U]'TIONARY, pertaining to, or tending to, a revolution in government.--_v.t._ REVOL[=U]'TIONISE, to cause a revolution @@ -31590,10 +31559,10 @@ REN'ARD.--_adj._ REN'ARDINE. [Fr.,--Old Flem. _Reinaerd_, _Reinaert_--Mid. High Ger. _Reinhart_ (Old High Ger. _Reginhart_), lit. 'strong in counsel.'] -RHABARBARATE, ra-bär'ba-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_obs._) impregnated with +RHABARBARATE, ra-bär'ba-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_obs._) impregnated with rhubarb.--_n._ RHABAR'BARUM, rhubarb. -RHABARBARINE, ra-bär'ba-rin, _n._ chrysophanic acid. +RHABARBARINE, ra-bär'ba-rin, _n._ chrysophanic acid. RHABDAMMININA, rab-da-mi-n[=i]'na, _n._ a group of marine imperforate foraminiferous protozoans. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _ammos_, sand.] @@ -31612,7 +31581,7 @@ sponges. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _kr[=e]pis_, a foundation.] RHABDOID, rab'doid, _n._ a spindle-shaped body chemically related to the plastids, found in certain cells of irritable plants like _Drosera_, -_Dionæa_, &c.--_adj._ RHABDOID'AL, rod-like: (_anat._) sagittal. [Gr. +_Dionæa_, &c.--_adj._ RHABDOID'AL, rod-like: (_anat._) sagittal. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod.] RHABDOLITH, rab'd[=o]-lith, _n._ a minute rhabdoidal concretion of @@ -31654,7 +31623,7 @@ a rod, _pleuron_, a rib.] RHABDOSPHERE, rab'd[=o]-sf[=e]r, _n._ a minute spherical body found in the depths of the Atlantic. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _sphaira_, sphere.] -RHABDOSTEIDÆ, rab-dos-t[=e]'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of fossil-toothed +RHABDOSTEIDÆ, rab-dos-t[=e]'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of fossil-toothed cetaceans--its typical genus, RHABDOS'T[=E]US. [Gr. _rhabdos_, rod, _osteon_, bone.] @@ -31679,15 +31648,15 @@ webbed feet, adapting it for long leaps. [Gr. _rhakos_, a rag, _pherein_, to bear.] RHADAMANTHINE, ra-da-man'thin, _n._ of _Rhadamanthus_, judge of the lower -world, with Minos and Æacus--applied generally to a solemn and final +world, with Minos and Æacus--applied generally to a solemn and final judgment.--Also RHADAMAN'TINE. -RHÆTIAN, r[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the ancient Rhætians or their -country _Rhætia_, a Roman province between the Po and the Danube--also -RHÆ'TIC.--_adj._ and _n._ RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC, pertaining to a group of Romance -dialects spoken in south-eastern Switzerland.--RHÆTIC BEDS, a series of +RHÆTIAN, r[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the ancient Rhætians or their +country _Rhætia_, a Roman province between the Po and the Danube--also +RHÆ'TIC.--_adj._ and _n._ RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC, pertaining to a group of Romance +dialects spoken in south-eastern Switzerland.--RHÆTIC BEDS, a series of strata forming the uppermost portion of the Trias, extensively developed in -the _Rhætian_ Alps. +the _Rhætian_ Alps. RHAGADES, rag'a-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ fissures of the skin. [Gr. _rhagas_ (pl. _rhagades_), a crack.] @@ -31699,13 +31668,13 @@ RHAGON, rag'on, _n._ a form of sponge with clustered spherical flagellated endodermal chambers.--_adjs._ RHAG'ON[=A]TE, RHAG'OSE. [Gr. _rhax_, _rhagos_, a grape.] -RHAMNACEÆ, ram-n[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ an order of polypetalous +RHAMNACEÆ, ram-n[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ an order of polypetalous plants.--_adj._ RHAMN[=A]'CEOUS. RHAMNUS, ram'nus, _n._ a genus of polypetalous shrubs and trees, including the buckthorn. [Gr.] -RHAMPHASTIDÆ, ram-fas'ti-d[=e], _n._ a family of picarian birds, toucans. +RHAMPHASTIDÆ, ram-fas'ti-d[=e], _n._ a family of picarian birds, toucans. [Gr. _rhamphos_, a beak.] RHAMPHOCELUS, ram-f[=o]-c[=e]'lus, _n._ a remarkable genus of tanagers, @@ -31819,7 +31788,7 @@ ophthalmia.--_adj._ RHEUM'Y, full of or causing rheum. [L.,--Gr. _rheuma_--_rhein_, to flow.] RHEXIA, rek'si-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants, native to North -America, of the tribe RHEXIEÆ (rek-s[=i]'[=e]-[=e]). [L.,--Gr. +America, of the tribe RHEXIEÆ (rek-s[=i]'[=e]-[=e]). [L.,--Gr. _rh[=e]xis_--_rh[=e]gnynai_, to break.] RHIGOLENE, rig'[=o]-l[=e]n, _n._ a volatile product of petroleum @@ -31829,10 +31798,10 @@ RHINACANTHUS, r[=i]-na-kan'thus, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants in tropical Africa, India, &c. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _akanthos_, acanthus.] -RHINÆ, r[=i]'n[=e], _n.pl._ one of the main divisions of sharks. [L.,--Gr. +RHINÆ, r[=i]'n[=e], _n.pl._ one of the main divisions of sharks. [L.,--Gr. _rhin[=e]_, a file.] -RHINÆSTHESIA, r[=i]-nez-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ sense of smell. [Gr. _rhis_, +RHINÆSTHESIA, r[=i]-nez-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ sense of smell. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _aisth[=e]sis_, perception.] RHINAL, r[=i]'nal, _adj._ pertaining to the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, @@ -31863,7 +31832,7 @@ plugging the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _eurynein_, to widen.] RHINICHTHYS, r[=i]-nik'this, _n._ a North American genus of cyprinoid fishes. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _ichthys_, fish.] -RHINIDÆ, r[=i]'ni-d[=e], _n._ a family of plagiostomous fishes. [L. +RHINIDÆ, r[=i]'ni-d[=e], _n._ a family of plagiostomous fishes. [L. _rhina_, shark--Gr. _rhin[=e]_.] RHINITIS, ri-n[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, @@ -31871,7 +31840,7 @@ _rhinos_, nose.] RHINO, r[=i]'n[=o], _n._ (_slang_) money, cash.--Also R[=I]'NO. -RHINOBATUS, r[=i]-nob'a-tus, _n._ the typical genus of the _Rhinobatidæ_, +RHINOBATUS, r[=i]-nob'a-tus, _n._ the typical genus of the _Rhinobatidæ_, or shark-rays: (_entom._) a genus of coleopterous insects. RHINOBLENNORRHEA, r[=i]-n[=o]-blen-[=o]-r[=e]'a, _n._ mucous discharges @@ -31885,7 +31854,7 @@ RHINOCEROS, r[=i]-nos'[.e]r-os, _n._ a genus forming a family of ungulate mammals, found in Africa and India, having a very thick skin lying in enormous folds, clumsy, and with one or two horns on the nose:--_pl._ RHINOC'EROSES.--_adjs._ RHINOC[=E]'RIAL, RHINOC[=E]'RICAL.--_ns._ -RHINOC'EROS-AUK, a bird belonging to the family _Alcidæ_; +RHINOC'EROS-AUK, a bird belonging to the family _Alcidæ_; RHINOC'EROS-BEE'TLE, a beetle of the genus _Dynastes_ having a large up-curved horn on the head; RHINOC'EROS-BIRD, a beefeater, the hornbill; RHINOC'EROS-TICK, the tick which infests rhinoceroses; RHINOC'EROT @@ -31959,7 +31928,7 @@ _p[=o]ma_, a cover.] RHINOPTERA, r[=i]-nop'te-ra, _n._ a genus of rays. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _pteron_, wing.] -RHINORRHAGIA, r[=i]-n[=o]-r[=a]'ji-a, _n._ hæmorrhage from the nose. [Gr. +RHINORRHAGIA, r[=i]-n[=o]-r[=a]'ji-a, _n._ hæmorrhage from the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, nose, _rhagia_--_rhegnynai_, break.] RHINORRHEA, r[=i]-n[=o]-r[=e]'a, _n._ mucous discharge from the @@ -32019,7 +31988,7 @@ RHIPTOGLOSSA, rip-t[=o]-glos'a, _n._ a sub-order of lizards.--_adj._ RHIPTOGLOSS'ATE. [Gr. _rhiptein_, to throw, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.] RHIZANTH, r[=i]'zanth, _n._ a plant that seems to flower from the -root.--_n.pl._ RHIZANTHEÆ (r[=i]-zan'th[=e]-[=e]), one of the five classes +root.--_n.pl._ RHIZANTHEÆ (r[=i]-zan'th[=e]-[=e]), one of the five classes into which Lindley divides the vegetable kingdom. RHIZIC, r[=i]'zik, _adj._ pertaining to the root of an equation. [Gr. @@ -32027,8 +31996,8 @@ _rhizikos_--_rhiza_, a root.] RHIZINA, ri-z[=i]'na, _n._ a rhizoid.--Also RH[=I]'ZINE. -RHIZOCARPIC, r[=i]-z[=o]-kär'pik, _adj._ with annual stem and perennial -root--also RHIZOCAR'POUS.--_n.pl._ RHIZOCAR'PEÆ, a group of +RHIZOCARPIC, r[=i]-z[=o]-kär'pik, _adj._ with annual stem and perennial +root--also RHIZOCAR'POUS.--_n.pl._ RHIZOCAR'PEÆ, a group of cryptogams.--_adj._ RHIZOCAR'P[=E]AN. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _karpos_, fruit.] RHIZOCAUL, r[=i]'z[=o]-kawl, _n._ the root-stock of a polyp. [Gr. _rhiza_, @@ -32140,10 +32109,10 @@ RHODOCRINUS, r[=o]-dok'ri-nus, _n._ a genus of paleozoic encrinites. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _krinon_, lily.] RHODODENDRON, r[=o]-d[=o]-den'dron, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of the -natural order _Ericaceæ_, having evergreen leaves and large, beautiful +natural order _Ericaceæ_, having evergreen leaves and large, beautiful flowers like roses. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _dendron_, tree.] -RHODOMELA, r[=o]-dom'e-la, _n._ a genus of marine algæ. [Gr. _rhodon_, +RHODOMELA, r[=o]-dom'e-la, _n._ a genus of marine algæ. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _melas_, black.] RHODOMONTADE. Same as RODOMONTADE. @@ -32151,7 +32120,7 @@ RHODOMONTADE. Same as RODOMONTADE. RHODONITE, r[=o]'d[=o]-n[=i]t, _n._ a native manganese silicate. [Gr. _rhodon_, a rose.] -RHODOPE, r[=o]'d[=o]-p[=e], _n._ a genus of the family _Rhodopidæ_, marine +RHODOPE, r[=o]'d[=o]-p[=e], _n._ a genus of the family _Rhodopidæ_, marine invertebrates of dubious relationships. [_Rhodop[=e]_, a Thracian nymph.] RHODOPHANE, r[=o]'d[=o]-f[=a]n, _n._ a red pigment found in the retinal @@ -32159,26 +32128,26 @@ cones of the eyes of certain fishes, reptiles, and birds. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phan[=e]s_, appearing.] RHODOPHYL, r[=o]'d[=o]-fil, _n._ the compound pigment found in the red -algæ.--_adj._ RHODOPHYL'LOUS. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phyllon_, leaf.] +algæ.--_adj._ RHODOPHYL'LOUS. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phyllon_, leaf.] RHODOPSIN, r[=o]-dop'sin, _n._ a purple pigment found in the retina. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _opsis_, view.] RHODORA, r[=o]-d[=o]'ra, _n._ a handsome shrub with terminal clusters of -pale purple flowers preceding the deciduous leaves: a genus of _Ericaceæ_, +pale purple flowers preceding the deciduous leaves: a genus of _Ericaceæ_, now included in Rhododendron. [Gr. _rhodon_, a rose.] RHODOSTAUROTIC, r[=o]-d[=o]-staw-rot'ik, _adj._ (_obs._) rosicrucian. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _stauros_, a cross.] -RHODOSTETHIA, r[=o]-d[=o]-st[=e]'thi-a, _n._ a genus of _Laridæ_, with +RHODOSTETHIA, r[=o]-d[=o]-st[=e]'thi-a, _n._ a genus of _Laridæ_, with rose-tinted breast and wedge-shaped tail. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _st[=e]thos_, the breast.] RHODOTHAMNUS, r[=o]-d[=o]-tham'nus, _n._ a genus of small shrubs, the ground Cistus. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _thamnos_, bush.] -RHODYMENIA, r[=o]-di-m[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of marine algæ. [Gr. +RHODYMENIA, r[=o]-di-m[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of marine algæ. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _hym[=e]n_, membrane.] RHOEADIC, r[=e]-ad'ik, _adj._ pertaining, to or derived from, the red @@ -32217,7 +32186,7 @@ sternal end of the clavicle with the cartage of the first rib. RHOMBUS. Same as RHOMB. -RHONCHUS, rong'kus, _n._ a râle, esp. when bronchial.--_adjs._ RHONCH'AL, +RHONCHUS, rong'kus, _n._ a râle, esp. when bronchial.--_adjs._ RHONCH'AL, RHONCH'IAL. [L.,--Gr. _rhengchos_, a snoring--_rhengkein_, to snore.] RHOPALIC, r[=o]-pal'ik, _n._ a hexameter in which each succeeding word @@ -32225,15 +32194,15 @@ contains one syllable more than what precedes it. [Gr. _rhopalikos_, club-like, _rhopalon_, a club.] RHOPALOCERA, r[=o]-pa-los'e-ra, _n.pl._ an order of _Lepidoptera_, with -clubbed antennæ.--_adjs._ RHOPALOC'ERAL, RHOPALOC'EROUS. [Gr. _rhopalon_, a +clubbed antennæ.--_adjs._ RHOPALOC'ERAL, RHOPALOC'EROUS. [Gr. _rhopalon_, a club, _keras_, a horn.] -RHOPALODINIDÆ, r[=o]-pa-l[=o]-din'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the sea-gourds. +RHOPALODINIDÆ, r[=o]-pa-l[=o]-din'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the sea-gourds. RHOTACISM, r[=o]'ta-sizm, _n._ erroneous pronunciation of the letter _r_: burring: the tendency of _s_ to change into _r_.--_v.i._ RH[=O]'TACISE. -RHUBARB, r[=oo]'bärb, _n._ a plant, the tender acidulous leaf-stalks of +RHUBARB, r[=oo]'bärb, _n._ a plant, the tender acidulous leaf-stalks of which are much used in cooking, and the root in medicine: the root of any medicinal rhubarb, with cathartic properties.--_adj._ RHU'BARBY.--MONK'S RHUBARB, the patience dock. [O. Fr. _rheubarbe_--Low L. _rheubarbarum_--Gr. @@ -32255,8 +32224,8 @@ depilatory.--Also RUS'MA. RHYACOLITE, r[=i]-ak'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a glassy feldspar found at Mt. Somma in Italy. [Gr. _rhyax_, _rhyakos_, a stream, _lithos_, stone.] -RHYACOPHILIDÆ, r[=i]-a-k[=o]-fil'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of neuropterous -insects.--_n._ RHYACOPH'ILUS, a genus of _Scolopacidæ_--the green or +RHYACOPHILIDÆ, r[=i]-a-k[=o]-fil'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of neuropterous +insects.--_n._ RHYACOPH'ILUS, a genus of _Scolopacidæ_--the green or solitary sandpiper. [Gr. _rhyax_, a stream, _philein_, to love.] RHYME, RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ the recurrence of similar sounds at certain @@ -32277,13 +32246,13 @@ sense.--THE RHYMER, Thomas the Rhymer, the earliest poet of Scotland _Rhythm_)--A.S. _rim_, number, cog. with Old High Ger. _r[=i]m_ (Ger. _reim_).] -RHYNCHÆNUS, ring-k[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of coleopterous insects, of the +RHYNCHÆNUS, ring-k[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of coleopterous insects, of the family of snout-beetles. [Gr. _rhyngchaina_, having a large snout.] -RHYNCHEA, ring-k[=e]'a, _n._ the painted snipe.--_adj._ RHYNCHÆ'AN. [Gr. +RHYNCHEA, ring-k[=e]'a, _n._ the painted snipe.--_adj._ RHYNCHÆ'AN. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout.] -RHYNCHETIDÆ, ring-ket'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of suctorial +RHYNCHETIDÆ, ring-ket'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of suctorial infusorians--its typical genus, RHYNCH[=E]'TA. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _chait[=e]_, a mane.] @@ -32294,7 +32263,7 @@ RHYNCHOCOELA, ring-k[=o]-s[=e]'la, _n.pl._ a group of proctuchous turbellarians, the nemerteans.--_adj._ RHYNCHOCOE'LAN. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _koilos_, hollow.] -RHYNCHOCYONIDÆ, ring-k[=o]-s[=i]-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of small +RHYNCHOCYONIDÆ, ring-k[=o]-s[=i]-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of small insectivorous mammals, native to eastern Africa.--_n._ RHYNCHOC'YON. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _ky[=o]n_, a dog.] @@ -32307,7 +32276,7 @@ a snout. RHYNCHOLITE, ring'k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ the fossil beak of a tetrabranchiate cephalopod. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _lithos_, stone.] -RHYNCHONELLA, ring-k[=o]-nel'a, _n._ a typical genus of _Rhynchonellidæ_, a +RHYNCHONELLA, ring-k[=o]-nel'a, _n._ a typical genus of _Rhynchonellidæ_, a family of arthropomatous brachiopods. [Gr _rhyngchos_, a snout.] RHYNCHOPHORA, ring-kof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a section of tetramerous @@ -32444,7 +32413,7 @@ suggests Dut. _ring-band_, necktie, collar.] RIBES, ribz, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a currant, currants.--_n.sing._ RIBES (r[=i]'b[=e]z), a genus of shrubs belonging to the natural order -_Ribesiaceæ_, familiar examples of which are the garden Gooseberry and the +_Ribesiaceæ_, familiar examples of which are the garden Gooseberry and the Currant. [O. Fr. _ribes_--Low L. _ribus_--Ar. _r[=i]b[=e]s_, _r[=i]b[=a]s_.] @@ -32455,7 +32424,7 @@ RIBSTON-PIPPIN, rib'ston-pip'in, _n._ a fine variety of winter apple--from _Ribston_ in Yorkshire, where Sir Henry Goodricke (1642-1705) first introduced them. -RICARDIAN, ri-kär'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the political economist David +RICARDIAN, ri-kär'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the political economist David _Ricardo_ (1772-1823), or his theory. RICASSO, ri-kas'[=o], _n._ that part of a rapier-blade next to the hilt. @@ -32482,7 +32451,7 @@ drink for invalids; RICE'-WEE'VIL, a weevil that destroys stored rice, &c. [O. Fr. _ris_--L. _oryza_--Gr. _oryza_, from Old Pers., whence also Ar. _uruzz_, _ruzz_.] -RICERCATA, r[=e]-cher-kä'ta, _n._ a very elaborate form of fugue. [It. +RICERCATA, r[=e]-cher-kä'ta, _n._ a very elaborate form of fugue. [It. _ricercare_, to search out.] RICH, rich (_comp._ RICH'ER, _superl._ RICH'EST), _adj._ abounding in @@ -32495,14 +32464,14 @@ a vivid colour: extravagant, as a rich joke.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to enrich.--_v.i. to_ grow rich.--_v.i._ RICH'EN, to become rich, or of higher quality of any kind.--_adj._ RICH'-LEFT (_Shak._), left with much wealth, richly endowed.--_adv._ RICH'LY.--_n._ RICH'NESS, wealth: abundance: -fruitfulness: value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. _ríce_, rich; +fruitfulness: value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. _rÃce_, rich; Ger. _reich_, Dut. _rijk_, Goth. _reiks_.] -RICHARDIA, ri-chär'di-a, _n._ a small genus of South African herbs of the +RICHARDIA, ri-chär'di-a, _n._ a small genus of South African herbs of the Arum family, including the calla-lily. [From the French botanists, L. C. M. _Richard_ (1754-1821) and his son.] -RICHARDSONIA, rich-ärd-s[=o]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, +RICHARDSONIA, rich-ärd-s[=o]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, belonging to the madder family, native to the warmer parts of America. [Named from the 17th-cent. Eng. botanist, Richard _Richardson_.] @@ -32511,9 +32480,9 @@ RICHEL-BIRD, rich'el-b[.e]rd, _n._ (_prov._) the least tern. RICHES, rich'ez, _n.pl._ (in _B._ sometimes _n.sing._) wealth: richness: abundance: an intellectual treasure, as the riches of wisdom: the pearl, flower, or cream of anything. [M. E. _richesse_ (n.sing.)--O. Fr. -_richesse_--Mid. High Ger. _ríche_.] +_richesse_--Mid. High Ger. _rÃche_.] -RICINIÆ, r[=i]-sin'i-[=e], _n._ a division of mites or acarines. [L. +RICINIÆ, r[=i]-sin'i-[=e], _n._ a division of mites or acarines. [L. _ricinus_, a tick.] RICINIUM, r[=i]-sin'i-um, _n._ a mantle, chiefly worn by women, among the @@ -32528,7 +32497,7 @@ young trees cut up for spars, &c.--_ns._ RICK'LE (_Scot._), a pile of stones loosely thrown together: a small rick of grain; RICK'-RACK, a kind of open-work edging made of serpentine braid; RICK'-STAND, a flooring on which a rick is made; HAY'-RICK'ER, a horse-rake for cocking up hay. [A.S. -_hreác_; Ice. _hraukr._] +_hreác_; Ice. _hraukr._] RICKETS, rik'ets, _n.sing._ a disease of children, characterised by softness and curvature of the bones.--_adv._ RICK'ETILY, shakily.--_n._ @@ -32561,7 +32530,7 @@ asked to name: a puzzling question: an enigma: anything puzzling, even a person.--_v.i._ to make riddles: to speak obscurely: to plait.--_adj._ RIDD'LE-LIKE (_Shak._), like a riddle or enigma.--_ns._ RIDD'LER; RIDD'LING (_Spens._), skill in explaining riddles.--_adv._ RIDD'LINGLY. [A.S. -_r['æ]delse_--_r['æ]dan_, to guess, to read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; cog. with +_r['æ]delse_--_r['æ]dan_, to guess, to read--_r['æ]d_, counsel; cog. with Dut. _raad_, Ger. _rath_.] RIDDLE, rid'l, _n._ a large sieve for separating coarser materials from @@ -32638,7 +32607,7 @@ harrow made to lap upon the sides of a ridge over which it passes; RIDGE'-PLOUGH, a plough with a double mould-board; RIDGE'-POLE, the timber forming the ridge of a roof; RIDGE'-ROPE, the central rope of an awning.--_adj._ RIDG'Y, having ridges. [A.S. _hrycg_; Ice. _hryggr_, Ger. -_rücken_, back.] +_rücken_, back.] RIDGEL, rij'el, _n._ a male animal with but one testicle.--Also RIDG'IL, RIDG'LING--(_Scot._) RIG'LAN, RIG'GOT. @@ -32651,8 +32620,8 @@ absurd: (_obs._) outrageous.--_adv._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUSLY.--_n._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUSNESS. [L. _ridiculus_--_rid[=e]re_, to laugh.] RIDING, r[=i]'ding, _n._ one of the three divisions of the county of York. -[A corr. of _thriding_--Ice. _þridjungr_, the third, _þriði_, third, -_þrir_, three.] +[A corr. of _thriding_--Ice. _þridjungr_, the third, _þriði_, third, +_þrir_, three.] RIDOTTO, ri-dot'[=o], _n._ a house of public entertainment: a dancing party.--_v.i._ to frequent such. [It.] @@ -32666,12 +32635,12 @@ irregularities from the edges of glass. RIEVE, RIEVER. Same as REAVE, REAVER. -RIFACIMENTO, r[=e]-fä-chi-men't[=o], _n._ a recasting of literary +RIFACIMENTO, r[=e]-fä-chi-men't[=o], _n._ a recasting of literary works:--_pl._ RIFACIMEN'TI. [It.] RIFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ prevailing: abundant: plentiful: well supplied: -current: manifest.--_adv._ RIFE'LY.--_n._ RIFE'NESS. [A.S. _rífe_; Dut. -_rijf_, Ice. _rífr_.] +current: manifest.--_adv._ RIFE'LY.--_n._ RIFE'NESS. [A.S. _rÃfe_; Dut. +_rijf_, Ice. _rÃfr_.] RIFFLE, rif'l, _n._ in mining, the lining of the bottom of a sluice: in seal engraving, a small iron disc at the end of a tool.--_n._ RIFF'LER, a @@ -32679,15 +32648,15 @@ curved file for working in depressions. [Dan. _rifle_, a groove.] RIFF-RAFF, rif'-raf, _n._ sweepings: refuse: the rabble, the mob. [Explained by Skeat as M. E. _rif and raf_--O. Fr. _rif et raf_, also -_rifle et rafle_. _Rifler_, to rifle, ransack--Ice. _hrífa_, to catch; +_rifle et rafle_. _Rifler_, to rifle, ransack--Ice. _hrÃfa_, to catch; _rafler_--Teut., cf. Ger. _raffen_, to seize.] RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to carry off by force: to strip, to rob: to whet, -as a scythe.--_n._ R[=I]'FLER. [O. Fr. _rifler_--Scand., Ice. _hrífa_, to +as a scythe.--_n._ R[=I]'FLER. [O. Fr. _rifler_--Scand., Ice. _hrÃfa_, to seize.] RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to groove spirally, as a gun-barrel.--_n._ a musket -with a barrel spirally grooved--many varieties, the _Enfield_, _Minié_, +with a barrel spirally grooved--many varieties, the _Enfield_, _Minié_, _Martini-Henry_, _Chassepot_, _Mannlicher-repeating_, _Remington_, _Lee-Metford_, &c.--_ns._ R[=I]'FLE-BIRD, an Australian bird-of-Paradise; R[=I]'FLE-CORPS, a body of soldiers armed with rifles; R[=I]'FLEMAN, a man @@ -32799,7 +32768,7 @@ life: rectitude: conformity to a right standard: a righteous act or quality: holiness: the coming into spiritual reconciliation with God by means of the righteousness of Christ being imputed to a man in consequence of faith.--ORIGINAL RIGHTEOUSNESS, the condition of man before the Fall as -made in the image of God. [A.S. _rihtwís_--_riht_, right, _wís_, wise.] +made in the image of God. [A.S. _rihtwÃs_--_riht_, right, _wÃs_, wise.] RIGID, rij'id, _adj._ not easily bent: stiff: severe: strict: unyielding: harsh: without delicacy: wanting in ease.--_n._ RIGID'ITY, the quality of @@ -32856,16 +32825,16 @@ RIM'LESS.--_ns._ RIM'MER, an instrument for ornamenting pastry; RIM'-PL[=A]N'ER, a machine for dressing wheel-fellies; RIM'-SAW, a saw, the cutting part of which is annular. [A.S. _rima_.] -RIM, rim, _n._ a membrane: the peritoneum. [A.S. _reóma_.] +RIM, rim, _n._ a membrane: the peritoneum. [A.S. _reóma_.] RIMBASE, rim'b[=a]s, _n._ a short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon. -RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ hoar-frost: frozen dew.--_adj._ R[=I]'MY. [A.S. _hrím_; +RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ hoar-frost: frozen dew.--_adj._ R[=I]'MY. [A.S. _hrÃm_; Dut. _rijm_, Ger. _reif_.] RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ a rent, chink, or fissure--also R[=I]'MA:--_pl._ -R[=I]'MÆ.--_adj._ R[=I]MOSE', full of rimes or chinks: having numerous +R[=I]'MÆ.--_adj._ R[=I]MOSE', full of rimes or chinks: having numerous minute fissures, mostly parallel, like the bark of a tree.--_n._ RIMOS'ITY, state of being rimose or chinky.--_adj._ R[=I]'MOUS, rimose. [L. _rima_.] @@ -32885,8 +32854,8 @@ Old High Ger. _rinta_, _rinda_.] RINDERPEST, rin'd[.e]r-pest, _n._ a malignant and contagious disease of cattle. [Ger., 'cattle-plague.'] -RINE, r[=i]n, _v.t._ to touch.--_n._ the same as RIND. [A.S. _hrínan_; Ice. -_hrína_, to hurt.] +RINE, r[=i]n, _v.t._ to touch.--_n._ the same as RIND. [A.S. _hrÃnan_; Ice. +_hrÃna_, to hurt.] RINE, r[=i]n, _n._ (_prov._) a ditch or water-course.--Also RHINE, RONE, RUNE. [A.S. _ryne_, a run, flow--_rinnan_, to run; Ger. _ronne_, a @@ -32997,7 +32966,7 @@ by cutting or tearing: to tear up for search or alteration: to explode, give vent to.--_v.i._ to break out violently.--_v.t._ to utter violently (with _out_):--_pr.p._ rip'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ripped.--_n._ a tear: a rent: a place torn: (_slang_) a vicious person: a worthless horse: a -ripple. [Scand., Norw. _ripa_, to scratch; Ice. _rífa_, to rive.] +ripple. [Scand., Norw. _ripa_, to scratch; Ice. _rÃfa_, to rive.] RIP, rip, _n._ (_Scot._) a handful of grain not thrashed. @@ -33065,7 +33034,7 @@ RIPT=ripped. See RIP. RIPUARIAN, rip-[=u]-[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ riparian. -RISALDAR, ris-al-där', _n._ the native commander of a troop of cavalry in +RISALDAR, ris-al-där', _n._ the native commander of a troop of cavalry in the British Indian army.--_n._ RIS'ALA, a troop of native irregular cavalry. @@ -33089,12 +33058,12 @@ step from tread to tread: (_mining_) a shaft excavated from below: (_mus._) elevation of the voice.--_n._ R[=I]'SER, a rebel: one who, or that which, rises.--RISE FROM THE RANKS, to win a commission; RISE TO THE OCCASION, to be equal to an emergency.--TAKE A RISE OUT OF, to take the conceit out of a -person by making him ridiculous. [A.S. _rísan_; Ice. _rísa_, Goth. +person by making him ridiculous. [A.S. _rÃsan_; Ice. _rÃsa_, Goth. _reisan_, Ger. _reisen_.] RISE, r[=i]s, _n._ a twig, a small bush.--_ns._ RISE'BUSH, a faggot; R[=I]'SEL, a support for a climbing vine; RISE'-WOOD, small wood cut for -hedging. [A.S. _hrís_; Ger. _reis_.] +hedging. [A.S. _hrÃs_; Ger. _reis_.] RISHI, rish'i, _n._ a sage or poet, the author of a Vedic hymn.--THE SEVEN RISHIS, the stars of the Great Bear. [Sans.] @@ -33151,7 +33120,7 @@ RITE, r[=i]t, _n._ a religious usage or ceremony.--_adv._ RITE'LY, with due rites.--AMBROSIAN RITE, the Ambrosian office and liturgy; MOZARABIC RITE (see MOZARABIC). [L. _ritus_.] -RITHE, r[=i]_th_, _n._ (_prov._) a small stream. [A.S. _ríth_.] +RITHE, r[=i]_th_, _n._ (_prov._) a small stream. [A.S. _rÃth_.] RITORNELLE, r[=e]-tor-nel', _n._ (_mus._) an instrumental prelude belonging to a vocal work.--Also RITORNEL'LO. [It.] @@ -33159,7 +33128,7 @@ to a vocal work.--Also RITORNEL'LO. [It.] RITTER, rit'[.e]r, _n._ a knight.--_n._ RITT'-MAS'TER, a captain of cavalry. [Ger. _ritter_.] -RITTOCK, rit'ok, _n._ the common tern.--Also RÍPP'OCK. +RITTOCK, rit'ok, _n._ the common tern.--Also RÃPP'OCK. RITUAL, rit'[=u]-al, _adj._ consisting of or prescribing rites.--_n._ manner of performing divine service, or a book containing it: the body of @@ -33189,7 +33158,7 @@ R[=I]'VALSHIP, emulation. [Fr.,--L. _rivalis_--_rivus_, a brook.] RIVE, r[=i]v, _v.t._ to tear asunder: to split: to pierce: to explode.--_v.i._ to be split asunder:--_pa.t._ r[=i]ved; _pa.p._ r[=i]ved, -riv'en.--_n._ that which is torn. [Scand., Ice. _rífa_, to rive; Dut. +riv'en.--_n._ that which is torn. [Scand., Ice. _rÃfa_, to rive; Dut. _rijven_, Ger. _reiben_.] RIVE, r[=i]v, _n._ a bank: shore.--_v.i._ to land. @@ -33221,12 +33190,12 @@ river; RIV'ER-SMELT, the gudgeon; RIV'ER-SNAIL, a pond snail; RIV'ER-SWALL'OW, the sand-martin; RIV'ER-TIDE, the tide from the sea rising or ebbing in a river; RIV'ER-TOR'TOISE, a soft-shelled turtle; RIV'ER-WALL, a wall made to confine the waters of a river within definite -bounds.--_adj._ RIV'ERY, pertaining to rivers, like rivers. [Fr. _rivière_ +bounds.--_adj._ RIV'ERY, pertaining to rivers, like rivers. [Fr. _rivière_ (It. _riviera_, shore, river)--Low L. _riparia_, a shore district--L. _ripa_, a bank.] RIVESALTES, r[=e]v'salt, _n._ a sweet wine made from Muscat grapes. -[_Rivésaltes_ in southern France.] +[_Rivésaltes_ in southern France.] RIVET, riv'et, _n._ bearded wheat. @@ -33241,10 +33210,10 @@ RIV'ETING-MACHINE', a power-machine for forcing hot rivets into position in metal-work, and heading them; RIV'ETING-SET, a hollow-faced punch for swaging rivet-heads; RIV'ET-KNOB, a tool for swaging rivet-heads; RIV'ET-MACHINE', a machine for making rivets from rod-iron. [O. Fr. -_rivet_; acc. to Diez from the root of Ice. _rífa_, Dan. _rive_, Ger. +_rivet_; acc. to Diez from the root of Ice. _rÃfa_, Dan. _rive_, Ger. _reiben_, Eng. _rive_.] -RIVIÈRE, r[=e]-vi[=a]r, _n._ a necklace of precious stones, particularly +RIVIÈRE, r[=e]-vi[=a]r, _n._ a necklace of precious stones, particularly diamonds. [Fr.] RIVINA, ri-v[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants, the pokeweed family. @@ -33257,7 +33226,7 @@ RIVO, r[=i]'v[=o], _interj._ (_Shak._) a drinking cry. RIVOSE, r[=i]'v[=o]s, _adj._ furrowed. [L. _rivus_, a stream.] -RIVULARIA, riv-[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of fresh-water algæ. +RIVULARIA, riv-[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of fresh-water algæ. RIVULET, riv'[=u]-let, _n._ a small stream, brook: a geometrid moth.--_adj._ RIV'[=U]LOSE (_bot._), marked with irregular lines. [L. @@ -33309,12 +33278,12 @@ roads; ROAD'WAY, the way or part of a road or street travelled by carriages; ROAD'-WEED, a plant of the genus Plantago.--_adj._ ROAD'WORTHY, fit for the road.--BY THE ROAD, by the highway; ON THE ROAD, travelling; RULE OF THE ROAD, the custom of the country in passing on a highway; TAKE -TO THE ROAD, to become a highwayman. [A.S. _rád_, a riding--_rád_, pa.t. of -_rídan_, to ride.] +TO THE ROAD, to become a highwayman. [A.S. _rád_, a riding--_rád_, pa.t. of +_rÃdan_, to ride.] ROAM, r[=o]m, _v.i._ to rove about: to ramble.--_v.t._ to wander over: to range.--_n._ ROAM'ER, a wanderer. [M. E. _romen_, _ramen_; allied to A.S. -_á-r['æ]man_, to spread out, Old High Ger. _r[=a]man_, _r[=a]men_, to +_á-r['æ]man_, to spread out, Old High Ger. _r[=a]man_, _r[=a]men_, to direct one's course; the meaning influenced by M. E. _Rome-rennere_, a pilgrim.] @@ -33330,8 +33299,8 @@ cry aloud: to bawl: to guffaw.--_n._ a full, loud sound: the cry of a beast: an outcry of mirth, esp. of laughter.--_ns._ ROAR'ER; ROAR'ING, act or sound of roaring: a disease of horses causing them to roar in breathing.--_adv._ ROAR'INGLY.--ROARING BOYS, swaggerers; ROARING FORTIES, -the stormy tract between 49° and 50° N. latitude; ROARING GAME, curling. -[A.S. _rárian_; Mid. High Ger. _r[=e]ran_, Ger. _röhren_, to cry as a stag, +the stormy tract between 49° and 50° N. latitude; ROARING GAME, curling. +[A.S. _rárian_; Mid. High Ger. _r[=e]ran_, Ger. _röhren_, to cry as a stag, to bellow.] ROAST, r[=o]st, _v.t._ to cook before a fire, or in an oven: to expose a @@ -33343,8 +33312,8 @@ copper-smelting; ROAS'TING; ROAS'TING-CYL'INDER, a furnace for roasting ore; ROAS'TING-EAR, an ear of maize fit for roasting; ROAS'TING-JACK, an apparatus for turning the spit on which meat is roasted; ROAS'TING-KILN; ROAS'TING-OV'EN; ROAST'-[=I]'RON, a gridiron.--ROASTBEEF PLANT, an iris of -Western Europe.--RULE THE ROAST, to domineer. [A.S. _róstian_; cog. with -Dut. _roosten_, Ger. _rösten_; or O. Fr. _rostir_ (Fr. _rôtir_)--Old High +Western Europe.--RULE THE ROAST, to domineer. [A.S. _róstian_; cog. with +Dut. _roosten_, Ger. _rösten_; or O. Fr. _rostir_ (Fr. _rôtir_)--Old High Ger. _r[=o]stan_; or Celt., as Gael. _rost_, W. _rhostio_, Bret. _rosta_, all meaning to roast.] @@ -33355,7 +33324,7 @@ who robs; ROB'BER-COUN'CIL (_Latrocinium Ephesinum_), the council which met at Ephesus in August 449, under the presidency of Dioscurus, whose horde of fanatical monks by sheer violence carried the restoration of Eutyches--its resolutions were annulled at Chalcedon in 451; ROB'BER-CRAB, a hermit-crab; -ROB'BER-FLY, any dipterous insect of the family _Asilidæ_; ROB'BER-GULL, +ROB'BER-FLY, any dipterous insect of the family _Asilidæ_; ROB'BER-GULL, the skua; ROB'BERY, theft from the person, aggravated by violence or intimidation: plundering.--ROBBING PETER TO PAY PAUL, paying and repaying out of the same fund: taking what is due to one to pay another. [O. Fr. @@ -33387,7 +33356,7 @@ ROBERD, rob'[.e]rd, _n._ the chaffinch. ROBERTSMAN, rob'[.e]rts-man, _n._ a stout robber.--Also ROB'ERDSMAN. ROBIN, rob'in, _n._ the ROB'IN-RED'BREAST, a well-known and widely-spread -singing bird of the family _Sylviidæ_, with a reddish-orange breast: the +singing bird of the family _Sylviidæ_, with a reddish-orange breast: the red-breasted thrush of North America: the sea-robin or red-breasted merganser: a trimming in front of a dress.--_ns._ ROB'IN-BREAST, the robin-snipe; ROB'IN-DIP'PER, the buffle-headed duck; ROB'INET, a chaffinch: @@ -33432,7 +33401,7 @@ archil or orchil.--_adjs._ ROCCEL'LIC, ROCCEL'LINE. [Cf. _Archil._] ROCCUS, rok'us, _n._ a genus of serranoid fishes, including the rock-fish or striped bass of the United States. -ROCHEA, r[=o]'k[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of plants of the order _Crassulaceæ_. +ROCHEA, r[=o]'k[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of plants of the order _Crassulaceæ_. [From the botanist _Laroche_.] ROCHELLE-POWDER, r[=o]-shel'-pow'd[.e]r, _n._ seidlitz-powder.--_n._ @@ -33444,9 +33413,9 @@ bishops and abbots: a mantlet worn by the peers of England during ceremonies. [O. Fr., dim. of Low L. _roccus_--Old High Ger. _roch_ (A.S. _rocc_, Ger. _rock_), a coat.] -ROCHES MOUTONNÉES, rosh m[=oo]-to-n[=a], _n.pl._ smooth, rounded, hummocky +ROCHES MOUTONNÉES, rosh m[=oo]-to-n[=a], _n.pl._ smooth, rounded, hummocky bosses and undulating surfaces of rock, common in regions overflowed by -glacier-ice. [Fr., _roche_, a rock, _moutonnée_, masc. _moutonné_, rounded +glacier-ice. [Fr., _roche_, a rock, _moutonnée_, masc. _moutonné_, rounded like a sheep's back.] ROCK, rok, _n._ a large mass of stone: (_geol._) a natural deposit of sand, @@ -33468,7 +33437,7 @@ purest quartz, the name being generally applied, however, only to crystals in which the six-sided prism is well developed; ROCK'-DOL'PHIN, the sea-scorpion; ROCK'-DOVE, the rock-pigeon or blue-rock; ROCK'-DRILL, a machine-drill worked by steam, &c.; ROCK'-EEL, a fish of the family -_Xiphidiontidæ_; ROCK'-ELM, an American elm; ROCK'ER, the rock-dove; +_Xiphidiontidæ_; ROCK'-ELM, an American elm; ROCK'ER, the rock-dove; ROCK'ERY, ROCK'WORK, a mound made with pieces of rock, earth, &c. for the cultivation of ferns, &c.; ROCK'-F[=E]'VER, intermittent fever; ROCK'-FIRE, in pyrotechny, a composition of resin, sulphur, nitre, regulus of antimony, @@ -33479,7 +33448,7 @@ ROCK'-HOP'PER, a curl-crested penguin; ROCK'IE (_Scot._), the rock-lintie or twite; ROCK'INESS; ROCK'-LEATH'ER, rock-cork; ROCK'-LIL'Y, a tropical American cryptogamous plant: a white-flowered Australian orchid; ROCK'-LIM'PET, a limpet which adheres to rocks; ROCK'LING, a genus of -fishes of the cod family _Gadidæ_, of which several species frequent the +fishes of the cod family _Gadidæ_, of which several species frequent the British seas; ROCK'-LIN'TIE (_Scot._), the twite: the ROCK'-LARK; ROCK'-MAN'IKIN, a rock-bird; ROCK'-MOSS, lichen which yields archil; ROCK'-OIL, petroleum; ROCK'-OU'SEL, the ring-ousel; ROCK'-OYS'TER, an @@ -33489,7 +33458,7 @@ a term applied in gardening to a very miscellaneous group of plants which by their habit of growth are adapted to adorn rockeries.--_ns._ ROCK'-PLOV'ER, the rock-snipe; ROCK'-RABB'IT, a hyrax; ROCK'-ROSE, a plant of either of the genera _Cistus_ and _Helianthemum_ of the rock-rose family -(_Cistaceæ_); ROCK'-RU'BY, a ruby-red garnet; ROCK'-SALM'ON, the coal-fish: +(_Cistaceæ_); ROCK'-RU'BY, a ruby-red garnet; ROCK'-SALM'ON, the coal-fish: an amber-fish; ROCK'-SALT, salt in solid form; ROCK'-SER'PENT, a venomous Indian serpent, allied to the cobra; ROCK'-SL[=A]T'ER, a wood-louse; ROCK'-SNAKE, a python or anaconda; ROCK'-SNIPE, the purple sandpiper; @@ -33527,7 +33496,7 @@ backward and forward with the slightest impulse; ROCK'ING-TREE, in weaving, the axle from which the lay of a loom is suspended; ROCK'-SHAFT, in steam-engines, a shaft that oscillates instead of revolving.--_adj._ ROCK'Y, disposed to rock: tipsy. [A.S. _roccian_; cf. Dan. _rokke_, to -rock, Ger. _rücken_, to pull.] +rock, Ger. _rücken_, to pull.] ROCKEL, rok'el, _n._ (prov.) a woman's cloak. @@ -33549,9 +33518,9 @@ ROCTA, rok'ta, _n._ a medieval musical instrument, resembling the violin. ROD, rod, _n._ a long twig: a slender stick: anything long and slender, as a magic rod, a lightning-rod, a fishing-rod, &c.: an instrument of -correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or perch (5½ yards, or -16½ feet)--the square rod, generally called rood, is employed in estimating -masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or 272¼ sq. feet: (_fig._) +correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or perch (5½ yards, or +16½ feet)--the square rod, generally called rood, is employed in estimating +masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or 272¼ sq. feet: (_fig._) punishment: authority: oppression: (_B._) race or tribe: one of the layers of rods composing the retina of the eye: any bar connecting parts of a machine.--_v.t._ to furnish with rods, esp. lightning-rods.--_ns._ @@ -33559,7 +33528,7 @@ ROD'-FISH'ER; ROD'-FISH'ING, fly-fishing: angling; ROD'-LINE, a fishing-line not wound on a reel; ROD'-MACHINE', in wood-working, a machine for cutting cylindrical sticks such as broom-handles; ROD'-RING, one of the rings along a fishing-rod through which the line runs; ROD'STER, an -angler.--NAPIER'S RODS (see NAPIERIAN). [A.S. _ród_; Dut. _roede_, Ger. +angler.--NAPIER'S RODS (see NAPIERIAN). [A.S. _ród_; Dut. _roede_, Ger. _ruthe_; L. _rudis_.] RODDIN, rod'in, _n._ (_Scot._) rowan-tree. @@ -33592,7 +33561,7 @@ esp. mahogany.--_adj._ ROED, containing roe. [Ice. _hrogn_; Ger. _rogen_.] ROE, r[=o], _n._ a species of deer, smaller than the fallow-deer: also the female of the hart.--_ns._ ROE'BUCK, the male of the roe, having usually one front antler and two hinder ones; ROE'BUCK-BERR'Y, the stone-bramble; -ROE'-DEER, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. _ráh_; Ger. _reh_, Dut. _ree_.] +ROE'-DEER, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. _ráh_; Ger. _reh_, Dut. _ree_.] ROE-STONE, r[=o]'-st[=o]n, _n._ the same as _Oolite_ (q.v.). @@ -33628,7 +33597,7 @@ disgrace.--_adj._ ROG'UISH, knavish: mischievous: waggish.--_adv._ ROG'UISHLY.--_n._ ROG'UISHNESS.--_adj._ R[=O]'GUY (_obs._).--ROGUES' GALLERY, a collection of photographs of criminals kept at police headquarters. [O. Fr. _rogue_, proud; either from Bret. _rok_, proud, or -acc. to Diez, from Ice. _hrók-r_, proud.] +acc. to Diez, from Ice. _hrók-r_, proud.] ROHAN, r[=o]'han, _n._ an East Indian timber-tree--called also _Red-wood_ and _East Indian mahogany_. @@ -33663,7 +33632,7 @@ Charlemagne legend, slain by the Gascons at Roncesvalles in 778.--A ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER, a blow for a blow, anything done or said to match something else. -RÔLE, r[=o]l, _n._ the part performed by an actor in a play: any important +RÔLE, r[=o]l, _n._ the part performed by an actor in a play: any important part played in public life. [Fr.] ROLE, r[=o]l, _n._ an ancient unit of quantity, seventy-two sheets of @@ -33714,7 +33683,7 @@ ROMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) tumult. [_Rummage._] ROMAIC, ro-m[=a]'ik, _n._ modern Greek, the language of the descendants of the Eastern Romans: Hellenic.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing.--_n._ -ROM[=A]'IKA, a modern Greek dance. [Fr. _Romaïque_--modern Gr. +ROM[=A]'IKA, a modern Greek dance. [Fr. _Romaïque_--modern Gr. _Rh[=o]maikos_--_Rh[=o]m[=e]_, Rome.] ROMAL, r[=o]-mal', _n._ a braided thong of leather, serving as a horseman's @@ -33754,7 +33723,7 @@ law.--HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (see HOLY). [L. _Romanus_--_Roma_, Rome.] ROMANCE, r[=o]-mans', _n._ a general name for those modern languages in southern Europe which sprang from a corruption of the Roman or Latin -language--Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal, French, Roumanian, +language--Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal, French, Roumanian, Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of these dialects: any fictitious and wonderful tale: a fictitious narrative in prose or verse which passes beyond the limits of real life: a ballad.--_adj._ belonging to the dialects @@ -33771,7 +33740,7 @@ A.D.) till it was gradually superseded by Gothic in the 12th century: the dialect of Languedoc. [Fr.,--Sp. _Romanesco_--L. _Romanicus_.] ROMANSCH, r[=o]-mansh', _n._ the language spoken from the Grisons to Friuli -on the Adriatic.--Also RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC. +on the Adriatic.--Also RHÆ'TO-ROMAN'IC. ROMANT, r[=o]-mant', _v.i._ to romance: to exaggerate.--_n._ a romance--generally R[=O]MAUNT'. @@ -33801,7 +33770,7 @@ ROMP'ISHLY.--_n._ ROMP'ISHNESS. [Ramp.] ROMPU, rom-p[=u]', _adj._ (_her._) fracted. [Fr.] -RONCADOR, rong'ka-d[=o]r, _n._ one of several sciænoid fishes of the +RONCADOR, rong'ka-d[=o]r, _n._ one of several sciænoid fishes of the Pacific coast. [Sp.,--L. _rhonchus_, a snoring.] RONCHIL. See RONQUIL. @@ -33851,7 +33820,7 @@ _ronquillo_--_ronco_--L. _raucus_, hoarse.] RONT, ront. Same as _Runt_ (q.v.). -RÖNTGEN RAYS. See X-RAYS. +RÖNTGEN RAYS. See X-RAYS. ROOD, r[=oo]d, _n._ the fourth part of an acre, or forty perches--from the rod used in measuring: a figure of Christ's cross, and often of the @@ -33861,7 +33830,7 @@ church for supporting the rood; ROOD'-LOFT, a gallery over the rood-screen; ROODMAS-DAY, Holy-rood-day; ROOD'-SCREEN, an ornamental partition separating the choir from the nave; ROOD'-STEEP'LE, a spire built over the entrance to the chancel; ROOD'-TREE, the cross; H[=O]'LY-ROOD, a crucifix. -[Same as _rod_. A.S. _ród_.] +[Same as _rod_. A.S. _ród_.] ROODEBOK, r[=oo]d'e-bok, _n._ the bush-buck. [Dut. _rood_, red, _bok_, buck.] @@ -33880,13 +33849,13 @@ working on an inclined roof; ROOF'-TREE, the beam at the peak of a roof: the roof.--_adj._ ROOF'Y, having a roof or roofs.--FRENCH ROOF, a form of roof with almost vertical sides; GOTHIC ROOF, a very high-pitched roof; MANSARD ROOF (see MANSARD); SQUARE ROOF, one in which the chief rafters -meet at a right angle. [A.S. _hróf_; Dut. _roef_.] +meet at a right angle. [A.S. _hróf_; Dut. _roef_.] ROOK, rook, _n._ a species of crow--from its croak: the ruddy duck: a cheat: a simpleton.--_v.i._ to cheat.--_ns._ ROOK'ER, a swindler; ROOK'ERY, a group of trees on which rooks build: a cluster of mean tenements: a resort of thieves: a disturbance.--_adj._ ROOK'Y (_Shak._), inhabited by -rooks. [A.S. _hróc_; Goth. _hrukjan_, to croak.] +rooks. [A.S. _hróc_; Goth. _hrukjan_, to croak.] ROOK, rook, _n._ a castle or piece used in playing chess. [O. Fr. _roc_--Pers. _rokh_.] @@ -33904,24 +33873,24 @@ rooms.--_ns._ ROOM'ER, a lodger; ROOM'FUL, as much or as many as a room will hold.--_adv._ ROOM'ILY.--_n._ ROOM'INESS.--_adsj._ ROOM'-RID'DEN, confined to one's room; ROOM'SOME, roomy.--_adv._ ROOM'Y, having ample room: wide: spacious.--GIVE ROOM, to withdraw so as to leave space for -others; MAKE ROOM, to open a way. [A.S. _rúm_; Ger. _raum_, Dut. _ruim_.] +others; MAKE ROOM, to open a way. [A.S. _rúm_; Ger. _raum_, Dut. _ruim_.] ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ a deep-blue dye.--Also ROUM. ROON, r[=oo]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a rim or border. ROOP, r[=oo]p, _v.i._ (_obs._) to roar.--_n._ hoarseness.--_adsj._ ROOP'IT, -ROOP'Y (_Scot._), hoarse. [A.S. _hrópan_, pa.t. _hreóp_; cf. Ger. _rufen_, +ROOP'Y (_Scot._), hoarse. [A.S. _hrópan_, pa.t. _hreóp_; cf. Ger. _rufen_, to cry out.] ROOSE, r[=oo]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to praise highly. [M. E. _rosen_--Scand., -Ice. _hrósa_, to praise.] +Ice. _hrósa_, to praise.] ROOST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a pole or support on which a bird rests at night: a number of fowls resting together: (_Scot._) the inner roof of a cottage.--_v.i._ to sit or sleep on a roost.--_n._ ROOST'ER, the male of the domestic fowl, cock: any bird that roosts.--AT ROOST, roosting, asleep. -[A.S. _hróst_; Dut. _roest_.] +[A.S. _hróst_; Dut. _roest_.] ROOT, r[=oo]t, _n._ the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: anything like a root, a @@ -33958,11 +33927,11 @@ produces young branches or plants: origin.--_adj._ ROOT'Y, abounding in roots: rank.--ROOT AND BRANCH, completely; ROOT OF BITTERNESS, a dangerous error drawing away to apostasy; ROOT OF THE MATTER, that which is essential.--STRIKE, or TAKE, ROOT, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice. -_rót_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.] +_rót_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.] ROOT, r[=oo]t, _v.t._ to turn up with the snout.--_v.i_. to turn up the earth with the snout.--_n._ ROOT'ER.--_v.t._ ROOT'LE. [A.S. -_wrótan_--_wrót_, a snout.] +_wrótan_--_wrót_, a snout.] ROPALIC=_Rhopalic_ (q.v.). @@ -33998,7 +33967,7 @@ stringiness: viscosity.--_adjs._ R[=O]'PING, R[=O]'PISH, R[=O]'PY, stringy, glutinous.--ROPE IN, to gather in, to enlist; ROPE OF SAND, a tie easily broken; ROPE'S END, an instrument of punishment.--BE AT THE END OF ONE'S ROPE, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; GIVE A PERSON ROPE, to -allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. _ráp_; +allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. _ráp_; Ice. _reip_, Dut. _reep_, Ger. _reif_.] ROQUELAURE, rok'e-l[=o]r, _n._ a short cloak worn in the 18th century. @@ -34015,7 +33984,7 @@ full of dew: covered with bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. _ros_, _roris_, dew.] RORQUAL, ror'kwal, _n._ a genus of whales of the largest size. [Sw. -_rörhval_--_rör_, round, _hval_, whale.] +_rörhval_--_rör_, round, _hval_, whale.] ROSACEOUS, r[=o]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to the rose family: with the petals arranged like the rose.--_ns._ ROS[=A]'RIAN, a @@ -34103,12 +34072,12 @@ rosacea_: a grog-blossom.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY-FING'ERED, Homer's favourite epithet of the dawn: with rosy fingers; R[=O]'SY-KIN'DLED, blushing with a rosy colour; R[=O]'SY-MAR'BLED, marbled with rosy colour.--_ns._ R[=O]'SY-MARSH, -RUS'TIC, -WAVE, names of moths.--_adj._ R[=O]'SY-TINT'ED, -tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub rosâ_), under the pledge +tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub rosâ_), under the pledge of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of secrecy; WARS OF THE ROSES, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th century, from the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth (1485). [A.S. -_róse_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.] +_róse_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.] ROSELET, roz'let, _n._ the summer fur of the ermine. @@ -34201,7 +34170,7 @@ ram:--_pl._ ROS'TRUMS, ROS'TRA.--_adjs._ ROS'TRAL, like a rostrum or beak; ROS'TR[=A]TE, -D, beaked.--_n.pl._ ROSTRIF'ERA, a suborder of gasteropods, with contractile rostrum or snout.--_adjs._ ROSTRIF'EROUS, having a rostrum; ROS'TRIFORM, shaped like a rostrum; ROS'TRO-ANTEN'NARY, pertaining -to the rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a +to the rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a rostrum; ROSTROLAT'ERAL, situated alongside the rostrum.--_n._ ROS'TRULUM, the mouth part of a flea. [L. _rostrum_, the beak--_rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to gnaw.] @@ -34221,7 +34190,7 @@ liquor; ROT'-STEEP, the process of steeping cottons to remove impurities. ROTA, r[=o]'ta, _n._ a wheel: a course: a school or military roll: an ecclesiastical tribunal in the R.C. Church, consisting of twelve prelates called auditors, having its seat at the papal court.--_adj._ -R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidæ_, small +R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidæ_, small foraminifers of rotate figure.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'LIAN; ROTAL'IFORM; R[=O]'TALINE.--_n._ R[=O]'TALITE, a fossil rotalian.--_adj._ R[=O]'TARY, turning round like a wheel: rotatory: held in rotation.--_v.t._ @@ -34254,7 +34223,7 @@ ROTELLA, r[=o]-tel'a, _n._ a disc, a round shield: a genus of gasteropods. [Dim. of L. _rota_, a wheel.] ROTHER, roth'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) roaring, lowing, denoting cattle -generally, or horned or black cattle.--_n._ ROTH'ER-BEAST. [A.S. _hrýther_, +generally, or horned or black cattle.--_n._ ROTH'ER-BEAST. [A.S. _hrýther_, an ox, a cow; cf. Ger. pl. _rinder_, horned cattle.] ROTHESAY HERALD, one of the six Scottish heralds. @@ -34297,7 +34266,7 @@ ROTUN'DITY, globular form.--_adj._ ROTUND'-POINT'ED, bluntly pointed. [L. _rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.] ROTURE, r[=o]-t[=u]r', _n._ in Canadian law, a grant made of feudal -property: plebeian rank in France.--_n._ ROTURIER (ro-tü-ri-[=a]'), a +property: plebeian rank in France.--_n._ ROTURIER (ro-tü-ri-[=a]'), a plebeian. [Fr.,--Low L. _ruptura_, ground broken by the plough--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.] @@ -34307,9 +34276,9 @@ ROUCHED, rowcht, _adj._ wrinkled, puckered. [_Ruck_, a wrinkle.] ROUCOU, r[=oo]'k[=oo], _n._ a dye--arnotto. [Fr.,--Braz.] -ROUÉ, r[=oo]-[=a]', _n._ a fashionable profligate: a rake, debauchee.--_n._ -ROU'ERIE, debauchery. [A name given by Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of -France 1715-23, to his dissolute companions--Fr. _roué_, one broken on the +ROUÉ, r[=oo]-[=a]', _n._ a fashionable profligate: a rake, debauchee.--_n._ +ROU'ERIE, debauchery. [A name given by Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of +France 1715-23, to his dissolute companions--Fr. _roué_, one broken on the wheel--pa.p. of _rouer_--_roue_--L. _rota_, a wheel.] ROUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ a wheel-like amulet of the ancient Gauls, @@ -34376,7 +34345,7 @@ in manner but prompt in action; ROUGH AND TUMBLE, said of fighting in any style or by any means: indiscriminate, confused, not too particular about decorum, fairness, &c.; ROUGH DIAMOND (see DIAMOND); ROUGH IT, to take what comes.--CUT UP ROUGH, to become quarrelsome or violent; IN THE ROUGH, in an -unwrought or rude condition; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD (see RIDE). [A.S. _rúh_, +unwrought or rude condition; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD (see RIDE). [A.S. _rúh_, rough; Ger. _rauch_, _rauh_, Dut. _ruig_.] ROUGHT, rawt, an obsolete pret. of _reck_. @@ -34511,7 +34480,7 @@ violent.--_adv._ ROUS'INGLY.--_adj._ ROUS'Y, noisy, riotous. [Scand., Sw. _rusa_, Dan. _ruse_, to rush.] ROUSE, rowz, _n._ a carousal: a bumper. [Scand., Sw. _rus_, drunkenness, -Ice. _rúss_; cf. Dut. _roes_, Ger. _rausch_.] +Ice. _rúss_; cf. Dut. _roes_, Ger. _rausch_.] ROUSSETTE, r[=oo]-set', _n._ a fruit-eating bat: a dogfish. [Fr.] @@ -34535,7 +34504,7 @@ to drag out, or into the light.--PUT TO ROUT, to put to flight. [O. Fr. _route_--L. _ruptus_, _rupta_, pa.p. of _rump[)e]re_, to break.] ROUT, rowt, _v.i._ to roar like a cow: to snore: to howl like the wind. -[A.S. _hrútan_, to roar.] +[A.S. _hrútan_, to roar.] ROUT, rowt, _v.t._ to root up, as a pig: to scoop out.--_v.i._ to poke about--also WROUT.--_n._ ROUT'ER, a sash-plane, as ROUT'ER-GAUGE, for @@ -34593,13 +34562,13 @@ ROVE-BEETLE, r[=o]v'-b[=e]'tl, _n._ a brachelytrous coleopterous insect, as the devil's coach-horse.--_n._ R[=O]'VER-BEE'TLE, a salt-water insect. ROW, r[=o], _n._ a line: a rank: persons or things in a line.--_v.t._ to -arrange in a line. [A.S. _ráw_, _ráwe_; Ger. _reihe_, Dut. _rij_.] +arrange in a line. [A.S. _ráw_, _ráwe_; Ger. _reihe_, Dut. _rij_.] ROW, r[=o], _v.t._ to impel with an oar: to transport by rowing.--_v.i._ to work with the oar: to be moved by oars.--_n._ an excursion in a rowing-boat.--_adj._ ROW'ABLE.--_ns._ ROW'BOAT, a boat moved by rowers; ROW'ER; ROW'-PORT, a small square hole in small vessels near the water-line -for the oars in a calm. [A.S. _rówan_; Ger. _rudern_, Ice. _róa_.] +for the oars in a calm. [A.S. _rówan_; Ger. _rudern_, Ice. _róa_.] ROW, row, _n._ a noisy squabble: uproar: an outbreak: a brawl.--_v.t._ to injure by wild treatment: to abuse, scold.--_v.i._ to behave in a riotous @@ -34613,9 +34582,9 @@ ROW, row, _n._ (_Scot._) a form of _roll_.--_n._ ROW'-CLOTH, a folding cloak of warm cloth. ROWAN, row'an, _n._ the mountain-ash, or quicken-tree, a British tree -belonging to the natural order _Rosaceæ_, whose acid fruit--ROWAN +belonging to the natural order _Rosaceæ_, whose acid fruit--ROWAN BERRIES--is sometimes used for preserves.--Also ROAN-TREE. [Scand., Sw. -_röun_, Dan. _rön_, Ice. _reynir_.] +_röun_, Dan. _rön_, Ice. _reynir_.] ROWEL, row'el, _n._ the little wheel in a spur, set with sharp points: a little flat wheel or ring on horses' bits: a seton inserted in the flesh of @@ -34630,7 +34599,7 @@ ROWEN, row'en, _n._ the aftermath, or second crop of hay: (_prov._) a stubble-field. ROWLOCK, r[=o]'lok, or rul'uk, _n._ a contrivance on the wale of a boat, to -rest the oar in rowing.--Also ROLL'OCK, RULL'OCK. [Prob. A.S. _árlóc_.] +rest the oar in rowing.--Also ROLL'OCK, RULL'OCK. [Prob. A.S. _árlóc_.] ROWME, rowm, _n._ (_Spens._) room, space, place. @@ -34698,7 +34667,7 @@ W. _rhwbio_, to rub, to grind.] RUBASSE, r[=oo]-bas', _n._ a beautiful variety of rock-crystal. [Fr.,--L. _rubeus_, reddish.] -RUBATO, r[=oo]-bä'to, _adj._ (_mus._) in modified or distorted rhythm. +RUBATO, r[=oo]-bä'to, _adj._ (_mus._) in modified or distorted rhythm. [It., pa.p. of _rubare_, to steal.] RUBBER, rub'[.e]r, _n._ one who rubs down horses: one who practises @@ -34773,7 +34742,7 @@ of spinel. RUBICON, r[=oo]b'i-kon, _n._ a stream of Central Italy, forming the boundary in the republican period of ancient Roman history between the province of Gallia Cisalpina and Italia proper.--PASS THE RUBICON, to take -a decisive, irrevocable step, as Julius Cæsar's crossing this stream, the +a decisive, irrevocable step, as Julius Cæsar's crossing this stream, the limit of his province--a virtual declaration of war against the republic. RUBICUND, r[=oo]'bi-kund, _adj._ inclining to redness: ruddy.--_n._ @@ -34797,7 +34766,7 @@ RUBIRETIN, r[=oo]-bi-ret'in, _n._ a resinous colouring matter in madder. RUBLE, ROUBLE, r[=oo]'bl, _n._ the unit of the Russian money system, divided into 100 copecks--the present silver ruble is equivalent to 2s. -1½d. [Russ. _rubl[)i]_--_rubit[)i]_, cut off, prob. from Pers. +1½d. [Russ. _rubl[)i]_--_rubit[)i]_, cut off, prob. from Pers. _r[=u]p[=i]ya_, a rupee.] RUBRIC, r[=oo]'brik, _n._ the directions for the service, in office-books, @@ -34819,7 +34788,7 @@ raspberry, &c. [L., a bramble-bush.] RUBY, r[=oo]'bi, _n._ a pure transparent red-coloured corundum, inferior in hardness to the diamond only among gems: redness, anything red: (_her._) the tincture red or gules: (_print._) a type smaller than nonpareil and -larger than pearl--5½ points in the new system: the red bird of Paradise: +larger than pearl--5½ points in the new system: the red bird of Paradise: the ruby hummer of Brazil.--_adj._ red.--_v.t._ to make red:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ru'bied.--_adj._ RU'BIED (_Shak._), red as a ruby.--_n._ RU'BINE (_Spens._), same as RUBY.--_adj._ RU'BIOUS (_Shak._), ruby, red, @@ -34829,7 +34798,7 @@ like a humming-bird, with a ruby gorget.--_ns._ RU'BY-T[=I]'GER, a British moth; RU'BY-WOOD, red sandalwood.--ROCK RUBY, a ruby-red garnet. [O. Fr. _rubi_--L. _rubeus_--_ruber_, red.] -RUCERVUS, r[=oo]-ser'vus, _n._ a genus of East Indian _Cervidæ_.--_adj._ +RUCERVUS, r[=oo]-ser'vus, _n._ a genus of East Indian _Cervidæ_.--_adj._ RUCER'VINE. RUCHE, r[=oo]sh, _n._ a plaited frilling.--Also RUCH'ING. [Fr., prob. @@ -34858,7 +34827,7 @@ RUCTION, ruk'shun, _n._ (_slang_) a vexation: a disturbance: a rumpus. [Prob. a corr. of _eruption_.] RUD, rud, _n._ redness: blush: flush: red ochre for marking sheep.--_v.t._ -to make red. [A.S. _rudu_, redness, _reódan_, to redden.] +to make red. [A.S. _rudu_, redness, _reódan_, to redden.] RUD, rud, _v.t._ (_prov._) to rub: to polish. @@ -34885,7 +34854,7 @@ having the blade at one end and the attachments at the other; RUDD'ER-STOCK, the blade of the rudder, connected by hinges with the sternpost of a vessel; RUDD'ER-TRUNK, a casing of wood fitted into the post, through which the rudder-stock is inserted; RUDD'ER-WHEEL, a small -wheel at the end of a plough helping to guide it. [A.S. _róther_; Ger. +wheel at the end of a plough helping to guide it. [A.S. _róther_; Ger. _ruder_, an oar.] RUDDER, rud'[.e]r, _n._ a riddle or sieve.--_v.t._ RUDD'LE, to sift @@ -34896,16 +34865,16 @@ lattice-work. [_Raddle_.] RUDDLE, rud'l, _n._ a species of red earth, red ochre: (_obs._) ruddiness.--_v.t._ to mark with ruddle--also RADD'LE, REDD'LE.--_n._ -RUDD'LEMAN=_Reddleman_. [A.S. _rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] +RUDD'LEMAN=_Reddleman_. [A.S. _rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] RUDDOC, RUDDOCK, rud'uk, _n._ (_Spens._) the redbreast: a gold coin: a kind -of apple. [A.S. _rudduc_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] +of apple. [A.S. _rudduc_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] RUDDY, rud'i (_comp._ RUDD'IER, _superl._ RUDD'IEST), _adj._ red: of the colour of the skin in high health: rosy, glowing, bright.--_v.t._ to make red.--_adv._ RUDD'ILY.--_ns._ RUDD'INESS; RUDD'Y-DIV'ER, -DUCK, an American duck with wedge-shaped tail; RUDD'Y-RUDD'ER, the long-eared sun-fish. [A.S. -_rudig_, _rudi_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] +_rudig_, _rudi_--_rudu_, redness--_reád_, red.] RUDE, r[=oo]d (_comp._ RU'DER, _superl._ RU'DEST), _adj._ crude: uncultivated: barbarous: rough: harsh: ignorant: uncivil: not smoothed: of @@ -34921,8 +34890,8 @@ RUDERAL, r[=oo]'de-ral, _adj._ (_bot._) growing in waste places or among rubbish.--_n._ RUDER[=A]'TION, the act of paving with small stones and mortar. [L. _rudus_, rubbish.] -RUDESHEIMER, rü'des-h[=i]-m[.e]r, _n._ one of the white Rhine wines highly -esteemed--named from _Rüdesheim_ on the Rhine, opposite Bingen. +RUDESHEIMER, rü'des-h[=i]-m[.e]r, _n._ one of the white Rhine wines highly +esteemed--named from _Rüdesheim_ on the Rhine, opposite Bingen. RUDGE, ruj, _n._ (_prov._) a partridge. @@ -34952,7 +34921,7 @@ sorrowful: to suffer: to have pity upon:--_pr.p._ rue'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rued.--_n._ sorrow.--_n._ RUE'-BAR'GAIN, a forfeit for withdrawing from a bargain.--_adj._ RUE'FUL, sorrowful: piteous: deplorable: mournful: melancholy.--_adv._ RUE'FULLY.--_ns._ RUE'FULNESS; RU'ING, repentance. -[A.S. _hreówan_, to be sorry for--_hreów_, sorrow; Ger. _reue_, Old High +[A.S. _hreówan_, to be sorry for--_hreów_, sorrow; Ger. _reue_, Old High Ger. _hriuwa_, mourning.] RUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ the space between the bed and the wall, a @@ -35105,7 +35074,7 @@ are given; RULE OF THUMB, any rough process of measurement.--A RULE TO SHOW CAUSE, or A RULE NISI, a rule which is conditional (see NISI); As a rule, on the whole; ONE HOUR RULE, a rule prohibiting members of the United States House of Representatives speaking more than an hour. [O. Fr. _reule_ -(Fr. _règle_)--L. _regula_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] +(Fr. _règle_)--L. _regula_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] RULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ revelry.--_v.i._ to revel. [_Revel._] @@ -35155,8 +35124,8 @@ shrewd: sharp. RUMINANT, r[=oo]'mi-nant, _adj._ having the power of ruminating or chewing the cud--also RU'MINAL.--_n._ an animal that chews the cud, as the ox, &c.--_n.pl._ RUMINAN'TIA, the even-toed or Artiodactyl Ungulates, which -chew the cud--the _Tragulidæ_, often called musk-deer; the _Cotylophora_, -including antelopes, sheep, goats, oxen, giraffes, deer; the _Camelidæ_, or +chew the cud--the _Tragulidæ_, often called musk-deer; the _Cotylophora_, +including antelopes, sheep, goats, oxen, giraffes, deer; the _Camelidæ_, or camels and llamas.--_adv._ RU'MINANTLY.--_v.i._ RU'MIN[=A]TE, to chew the cud: to meditate.--_v.t._ to chew over again: to muse on.--_adj._ (_bot._) appearing as if chewed, as in the nutmeg, &c.--_adv._ @@ -35175,7 +35144,7 @@ upheaval.--_n._ RUMM'AGER.--RUMMAGE SALE, a sale of unclaimed goods. [_Room-age._] RUMMER, rum'[.e]r, _n._ a large drinking-glass. [Dut. _roemer_; Ger. -_römer_--prob. from such being used in the _Römersaal_ at Frankfurt.] +_römer_--prob. from such being used in the _Römersaal_ at Frankfurt.] RUMMY, rum'i, _adj._ rum: queer. @@ -35307,7 +35276,7 @@ or less correctly _Runes_): a secret, a mystic sentence: any song mystically expressed.--_n._ RUNE'CRAFT.--_adj._ RUNED.--_n._ RU'NER.--_adj._ RU'NIC, relating to runes, to the ancient Teutonic nations, or to their characters.--_ns._ RUNOL'OGIST, one versed in Runic remains; -RUNOL'OGY.--RUNIC KNOTS, a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. _rún_, a +RUNOL'OGY.--RUNIC KNOTS, a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. _rún_, a secret. The word is found in M. E. _rounen_, to whisper, and is cog. with Old High Ger. _runa_, a secret, Goth. _runa_, secret.] @@ -35336,7 +35305,7 @@ breed of domestic pigeons: the dead stump of a tree: the stem of a cabbage.--_adj._ RUNT'Y. RUPEE, r[=oo]-p[=e]', _n._ an East Indian silver coin, nominally worth -about 2s.--at present about 1s. 4½d. [Hind. _r[=u]p[=i]yah_--Sans. +about 2s.--at present about 1s. 4½d. [Hind. _r[=u]p[=i]yah_--Sans. _r[=u]pya_, silver.] RUPERT'S-DROP, r[=oo]'perts-drop, _n._ a detonating bulb, or glass @@ -35345,7 +35314,7 @@ bubble--probably discovered by Prince _Rupert_ (1619-82). RUPESTRINE, r[=oo]-pes'trin, _adj._ rock-inhabiting. [L. _rupes_, a rock.] RUPIA, r[=oo]'pi-a, _n._ a severe form of skin disease, with flattish -distinct _bullæ_ or blebs, containing a serous, purulent, or sanious fluid, +distinct _bullæ_ or blebs, containing a serous, purulent, or sanious fluid, becoming thick scabs. [Gr. _hrypos_, filth.] RUPICAPRA, r[=oo]-pi-kap'ra, _n._ a genus of antelopes--the chamois. @@ -35355,7 +35324,7 @@ rock.--_adjs._ RUPIC'OLINE, RUPIC'OLOUS, growing or living among rocks. [L. _rupes_, a rock, _col[)e]re_, to inhabit.] RUPPIA, rup'i-a, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order -_Naiadaceæ_--to which _Ditch_ or _Tassel grass_ belongs. [From the +_Naiadaceæ_--to which _Ditch_ or _Tassel grass_ belongs. [From the 18th-cent. German botanist H. B. _Ruppius_.] RUPTURE, rup't[=u]r, _n._ the act of breaking or bursting: the state of @@ -35380,7 +35349,7 @@ RUSA, r[=oo]'za, _n._ a genus of East Indian stags. [Malay.] RUSALKA, r[=oo]-sal'ka, _n._ a Russian water-nymph. RUSCUS, rus'kus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order -_Liliaceæ_--containing _Butcher's broom_, _Shepherd's myrtle_, &c. [L. +_Liliaceæ_--containing _Butcher's broom_, _Shepherd's myrtle_, &c. [L. _ruscum_.] RUSE, r[=oo]z, _n._ a turning or doubling, as of animals to get out of the @@ -35547,7 +35516,7 @@ of grain with the ear bending down.--_ns._ RYE'-GRASS, a variety of grass cultivated for pasture and fodder; RYE'-MOTH, an insect whose larva feeds on stems of rye; RYE'-WOLF, an evil creature of German folklore lurking in the rye-fields; RYE'-WORM, an insect which devours the stems of rye. [A.S. -_ryge_; Ice. _rúgr_, Ger. _rocken_, _roggen_.] +_ryge_; Ice. _rúgr_, Ger. _rocken_, _roggen_.] RYFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as RIFE. @@ -35594,371 +35563,4 @@ Under "Road":--"plumb-level", printed as "plum-level" in original. Under "Rosminianism":--"1797", printed as "1737" in original. - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chambers's Twentieth Century -Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R), by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. 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Thus, we do not necessarily -keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. - - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: - - https://www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 38699 *** diff --git a/38699-8.zip b/38699-8.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7af335e..0000000 --- a/38699-8.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/38699-h.zip b/38699-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 63dc386..0000000 --- a/38699-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/38699-h/38699-h.htm b/38699-h/38699-h.htm index d8b9fa2..9067c45 100644 --- a/38699-h/38699-h.htm +++ b/38699-h/38699-h.htm @@ -1,12 +1,13 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta charset="utf-8"> <title> - Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary - N to R. + Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary - N to R. Project Gutenberg </title> + <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> - <style type="text/css"> + <style> p, h5 { margin-top:.75em; margin-bottom:.75em; } h3, h5 { text-align:center; } h3 { font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; } @@ -42,48 +43,9 @@ </style> </head> <body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 38699 ***</div> - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary -(part 3 of 4: N-R), by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R) - -Author: Various - -Editor: Thomas Davidson - -Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38699] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. DICTIONARY (N-R) *** - - - - -Produced by Colin Bell, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<table style="background-color: #ccccff; border: none; padding: 10px;"> <tr> <td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> Transcriber's note: @@ -92,30 +54,30 @@ Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected. They appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked -passage.<br /><br /> +passage.<br><br> </td> </tr> </table> -<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:5ex;"><span style="font-size:220%;">CHAMBERS'S</span><br /> -<span style="font-size:300%;">TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY</span><br /> -OF THE<br /> +<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:5ex;"><span style="font-size:220%;">CHAMBERS'S</span><br> +<span style="font-size:300%;">TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY</span><br> +OF THE<br> <span style="font-size:200%;">ENGLISH LANGUAGE</span></p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:10ex;">PRONOUNCING, EXPLANATORY, ETYMOLOGICAL, WITH COMPOUND PHRASES,<br /> -TECHNICAL TERMS IN USE IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES,<br /> -COLLOQUIALISMS, FULL APPENDICES, AND<br /> +<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:10ex;">PRONOUNCING, EXPLANATORY, ETYMOLOGICAL, WITH COMPOUND PHRASES,<br> +TECHNICAL TERMS IN USE IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES,<br> +COLLOQUIALISMS, FULL APPENDICES, AND<br> COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED</p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:15ex;"><span style="font-size:60%;">EDITED BY</span><br /> -<span style="font-size:160%;"><span class="sc">Rev.</span> THOMAS DAVIDSON</span><br /> -<span style="font-size:60%;">ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA'<br /> +<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:15ex;"><span style="font-size:60%;">EDITED BY</span><br> +<span style="font-size:160%;"><span class="sc">Rev.</span> THOMAS DAVIDSON</span><br> +<span style="font-size:60%;">ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA'<br> EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> -<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:5ex;"><span style="font-size:120%;"><span class="sc">London:</span> 47 Paternoster Row</span><br /> -<span class="gesperrt" style="font-size:160%;">W. & R. CHAMBERS, <span class="sc">Limited</span></span><br /> -<span style="font-size:120%;">EDINBURGH: 339 High Street<br /> +<p class="ac" style="margin-bottom:5ex;"><span style="font-size:120%;"><span class="sc">London:</span> 47 Paternoster Row</span><br> +<span class="gesperrt" style="font-size:160%;">W. & R. CHAMBERS, <span class="sc">Limited</span></span><br> +<span style="font-size:120%;">EDINBURGH: 339 High Street<br> 1908</span></p> <h3>EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT.</h3> @@ -148,11 +110,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> The <i>marked vowels</i> are shown in the following line, which is printed at the top of each page:—</p> -<h5>fāte, fär; mē, hėr; mīne; mōte; mūte; mōōn; <i>th</i>en.</h5> +<div style="text-align: center;">fāte, fär; mē, hėr; mīne; mōte; mūte; mōōn; <i>th</i>en.</div> - <p>The vowel <i>u</i> when marked thus, <i>ü</i>, has the sound heard in + <p>The vowel <i>u</i> when marked thus, <i>ü</i>, has the sound heard in Scotch <i>bluid</i>, <i>gude</i>, the French <i>du</i>, almost that of - the German <i>ü</i> in <i>Müller</i>. Where more than one pronunciation + the German <i>ü</i> in <i>Müller</i>. Where more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that which is placed first is more accepted.</p> <p><b>The Spelling.</b>—When more than one form of a word is given, @@ -200,7 +162,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> for <i><span class="nw">-ise</span></i>, as <i>civilize</i>, &c.; the use of a uniform single consonant after an unaccented vowel, as <i>traveler</i> for <i>traveller</i>; the adoption of <i>e</i> for - <i>œ</i> or <i>æ</i> in <i>hemorrhage</i>, <i>diarrhea</i>, + <i>œ</i> or <i>æ</i> in <i>hemorrhage</i>, <i>diarrhea</i>, &c.</p> <p><b>The Meanings.</b>—The current and most important meaning of a @@ -227,12 +189,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> student is referred to the list of Prefixes and Suffixes in the Appendix.</p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="full" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="full"> <h3>LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY.</h3> -<table class="nobctr" summary="List of Abbreviations." title="List of Abbreviations."> +<table class="nobctr" title="List of Abbreviations."> <tr><td><i>aor.</i></td><td>aorist.</td><td><i>geol.</i></td><td>geology.</td><td><i>perh.</i></td><td>perhaps.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>abbrev.</i></td><td>abbreviation.</td><td><i>geom.</i></td><td>geometry.</td><td><i>pers.</i></td><td>person.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>abl.</i></td><td>ablative.</td><td><i>ger.</i></td><td>gerundive.</td><td><i>pfx.</i></td><td>prefix.</td></tr> @@ -247,7 +209,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <tr><td><i>arch.</i></td><td>archaic.</td><td><i>imper.</i></td><td>imperative.</td><td><i>poet.</i></td><td>poetical.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>archit.</i></td><td>architecture.</td><td><i>impers.</i></td><td>impersonal.</td><td><i>pol. econ.</i></td><td>political economy.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>arith.</i></td><td>arithmetic.</td><td><i>indic.</i></td><td>indicative.</td><td><i>poss.</i></td><td>possessive.</td></tr> -<tr><td><i>astrol.</i></td><td>astrology.</td><td><i>infin.</i></td><td>infinitive.</td><td class="spacsingle" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"> <i>Pr.Bk.</i></td><td>Book of Common<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td><i>astrol.</i></td><td>astrology.</td><td><i>infin.</i></td><td>infinitive.</td><td class="spacsingle" rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"> <i>Pr.Bk.</i></td><td>Book of Common<br></td></tr> <tr><td><i>astron.</i></td><td>astronomy.</td><td><i>inten.</i></td><td>intensive.</td><td>Prayer.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>attrib.</i></td><td>attributive.</td><td><i>interj.</i></td><td>interjection.</td><td><i>pr.p.</i></td><td>present participle.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>augm.</i></td><td>augmentative.</td><td><i>interrog.</i></td><td>interrogative.</td><td><i>prep.</i></td><td>preposition.</td></tr> @@ -256,8 +218,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <tr><td><i>book-k.</i></td><td>book-keeping.</td><td><i>mach.</i></td><td>machinery.</td><td><i>priv.</i></td><td>privative.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>bot.</i></td><td>botany.</td><td><i>masc.</i></td><td>masculine.</td><td><i>prob.</i></td><td>probably.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>c.</i> (<i>circa</i>)</td><td>about.</td><td><i>math.</i></td><td>mathematics.</td><td><i>Prof.</i></td><td>Professor.</td></tr> -<tr><td><i>c.</i>, <i>cent.</i></td><td>century.</td><td><i>mech.</i></td><td>mechanics.</td><td class="spacsingle" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;"> <i>pron.</i></td><td>pronoun;<br /></td></tr> -<tr><td><i>carp.</i></td><td>carpentry.</td><td><i>med.</i></td><td>medicine.</td><td>pronounced;<br /></td></tr> +<tr><td><i>c.</i>, <i>cent.</i></td><td>century.</td><td><i>mech.</i></td><td>mechanics.</td><td class="spacsingle" rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle;"> <i>pron.</i></td><td>pronoun;<br></td></tr> +<tr><td><i>carp.</i></td><td>carpentry.</td><td><i>med.</i></td><td>medicine.</td><td>pronounced;<br></td></tr> <tr><td><i>cf.</i></td><td>compare.</td><td><i>metaph.</i></td><td>metaphysics.</td><td>pronunciation.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>chem.</i></td><td>chemistry.</td><td><i>mil.</i></td><td>military.</td><td><i>prop.</i></td><td>properly.</td></tr> <tr><td><i>cog.</i></td><td>cognate.</td><td><i>Milt.</i></td><td>Milton.</td><td><i>pros.</i></td><td>prosody.</td></tr> @@ -294,17 +256,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <tr><td><i>geog.</i></td><td>geography.</td><td><i>perf.</i></td><td>perfect.</td><td><i>zool.</i></td><td>zoology.</td></tr> </table> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> -<table class="nobctr" summary="List of Abbreviations for Languages." title="List of Abbreviations for Languages."> +<table class="nobctr" title="List of Abbreviations for Languages."> <tr><td>Amer.</td><td>American.</td><td>Fris.</td><td>Frisian.</td><td>Norw.</td><td>Norwegian.</td></tr> <tr><td>Ar.</td><td>Arabic.</td><td>Gael.</td><td>Gaelic.</td><td>O. Fr.</td><td>Old French.</td></tr> <tr><td>A.S.</td><td>Anglo-Saxon.</td><td>Ger.</td><td>German.</td><td>Pers.</td><td>Persian.</td></tr> <tr><td>Austr.</td><td>Australian.</td><td>Goth.</td><td>Gothic.</td><td>Peruv.</td><td>Peruvian.</td></tr> <tr><td>Bav.</td><td>Bavarian.</td><td>Gr.</td><td>Greek.</td><td>Pol.</td><td>Polish.</td></tr> <tr><td>Beng.</td><td>Bengali.</td><td>Heb.</td><td>Hebrew.</td><td>Port.</td><td>Portuguese.</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bohem.</td><td>Bohemian.</td><td>Hind.</td><td>Hindustani.</td><td>Prov.</td><td>Provençal.</td></tr> +<tr><td>Bohem.</td><td>Bohemian.</td><td>Hind.</td><td>Hindustani.</td><td>Prov.</td><td>Provençal.</td></tr> <tr><td>Braz.</td><td>Brazilian.</td><td>Hung.</td><td>Hungarian.</td><td>Rom.</td><td>Romance.</td></tr> <tr><td>Bret.</td><td>Breton.</td><td>Ice.</td><td>Icelandic.</td><td>Russ.</td><td>Russian</td></tr> <tr><td>Carib.</td><td>Caribbean.</td><td>Ind.</td><td>Indian.</td><td>Sans.</td><td>Sanskrit.</td></tr> @@ -321,19 +283,19 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <tr><td>Fr.</td><td>French.</td><td>Norm.</td><td>Norman.</td><td></td><td></td></tr> </table> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="full" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="full"> -<p class="ac"><span style="font-size:150%;">CHAMBERS'S</span><br /> -<span style="font-size:200%;">TWENTIETH CENTURY</span><br /> +<p class="ac"><span style="font-size:150%;">CHAMBERS'S</span><br> +<span style="font-size:200%;">TWENTIETH CENTURY</span><br> <span style="font-size:150%;">DICTIONARY.</span></p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> <div class="figleft" style="width:5%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_N.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_N.png" - alt="N" title="N" /></a> + alt="N" title="N"></a> </div> <p>the fourteenth letter and eleventh consonant of our alphabet, a nasal-dental: (<i>chem.</i>) the symbol for nitrogen: (<i>math.</i>) an @@ -341,7 +303,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> equation: as a numeral, formerly, <b>N</b>=90, and (<b><span class="over">N</span></b>)=90,000.</p> - <p><b>Na</b>, nä, a Scotch form of <i>no</i>.</p> + <p><b>Na</b>, nä, a Scotch form of <i>no</i>.</p> <p><b>Nab</b>, nab, <i>v.t.</i> to seize suddenly:—<i>pr.p.</i> <span class="nw">nab′bing;</span> <i>pa.p.</i> nabbed. [Sw. @@ -351,7 +313,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the jamb of a door to receive the latch or bolt: (<i>obs.</i>) a hat. [For <i>knab</i>=<i>knap</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Nabatæan</b>, nab-a-tē′an, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining + <p><b>Nabatæan</b>, nab-a-tē′an, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to a once powerful Arab people who formerly dwelt on the east and south-east of Palestine, identified by some with the <i>Nebaioth</i> of Isa. lx. 7, the <i>Nabathites</i> of 1 Maccab. v. 25.—Also <b><span @@ -362,7 +324,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nabob</b>, nā′bob, <i>n.</i> a deputy or governor under the Mogul Empire: a European who has enriched himself in the East: any - man of great wealth. [Corr. of Hind. <i>nawwâb</i>, a deputy, from Ar. + man of great wealth. [Corr. of Hind. <i>nawwâb</i>, a deputy, from Ar. <i>nawwāb</i>, pl. (used as sing.) of <i>nāib</i>, a deputy.]</p> @@ -381,15 +343,15 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> diametrically opposite to the zenith: the lowest point of anything. [Fr.,—Ar. <i>nazīr</i>, from <i>nazara</i>, to be like.]</p> - <p><b>Nævus</b>, nē′vus, <i>n.</i> a birth-mark: a congenital - growth strictly on a part of the skin, whether a <i>pigmentary nævus</i> + <p><b>Nævus</b>, nē′vus, <i>n.</i> a birth-mark: a congenital + growth strictly on a part of the skin, whether a <i>pigmentary nævus</i> or mole, or a <i>vascular naevus</i> or overgrowth of capillary blood-vessels—also <i>Mother-spot</i> or - <i>Birth-mark</i>—also <b>Næve</b>, <b>Neve</b>:—<i>pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Næ′vī</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Næ′void</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Næ′vous</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Næ′vose</span></b>. [L.]</p> + <i>Birth-mark</i>—also <b>Næve</b>, <b>Neve</b>:—<i>pl.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Næ′vī</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Næ′void</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Næ′vous</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Næ′vose</span></b>. [L.]</p> <p><b>Nag</b>, nag, <i>n.</i> a horse, but particularly a small one—(<i>Scot.</i>) <b>Naig</b>: (<i>Shak.</i>) a jade. [M. E. @@ -401,7 +363,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">nag′ging;</span> <i>pa.p.</i> nagged.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nag′ger</span></b>. [Cf. <i>Gnaw</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Naga</b>, nä′ga, <i>n.</i> the name of deified serpents in + <p><b>Naga</b>, nä′ga, <i>n.</i> the name of deified serpents in Hindu mythology.</p> <p><b>Nagari</b>. See <b>Deva-nagari</b>.</p> @@ -416,21 +378,21 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [L. <i>nans</i>, <i>nantis</i>, pr.p. of <i>natāre</i>, to swim.]</p> - <p><b>Naïf</b>, nä-ēf′, <b>Naïve</b>, <span - class="nw">nä-ēv′,</span> <i>adj.</i> with natural or + <p><b>Naïf</b>, nä-ēf′, <b>Naïve</b>, <span + class="nw">nä-ēv′,</span> <i>adj.</i> with natural or unaffected simplicity, esp. in thought, manners, or speech: artless: ingenuous.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Naïve′ly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b>Naïveté</b> - <span class="nw">(nä-ēv-tā′),</span> natural simplicity - and unreservedness of thought, manner, or speech. [Fr. <i>naïf</i>, fem, - <i>naïve</i>—L. <i>nativus</i>, native—<i>nasci</i>, + class="nw">Naïve′ly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b>Naïveté</b> + <span class="nw">(nä-ēv-tā′),</span> natural simplicity + and unreservedness of thought, manner, or speech. [Fr. <i>naïf</i>, fem, + <i>naïve</i>—L. <i>nativus</i>, native—<i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be born.]</p> <p><b>Nail</b>, nāl, <i>n.</i> one of the flattened, elastic, horny plates placed as protective coverings on the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes: the claw of a bird or other animal: a thin pointed piece of metal for fastening wood: a measure of - length (2¼ inches):—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten with nails: to make + length (2¼ inches):—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten with nails: to make certain: to confirm, pin down, hold fast: to catch or secure through promptitude; to trip up or expose.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nail′-brush</span></b>, a small brush for cleaning the @@ -446,7 +408,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> publicly as false, from the habit of nailing a counterfeit coin to a shop counter.—<b>Drive a nail in one's coffin</b> (see <b>Coffin</b>); <b>Hit the nail on the head</b>, to touch the exact point; <b>On the - nail</b>, on the spot: immediately: without delay. [A.S. <i>nægel</i>; + nail</b>, on the spot: immediately: without delay. [A.S. <i>nægel</i>; Ger. <i>nagel</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nainsell</b>, nān′sel, <i>n.</i> own @@ -457,10 +419,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Naissant</b>, nās′sant, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) rising or coming forth, as an animal newly born or about to be born. - [Fr., pr.p. of <i>naître</i>—L. <i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be + [Fr., pr.p. of <i>naître</i>—L. <i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be born.]</p> - <p><b>Naïve</b>. See <b>Naïf</b>.</p> + <p><b>Naïve</b>. See <b>Naïf</b>.</p> <p><b>Naked</b>, nā′ked, <i>adj.</i> without clothes: uncovered: open to view: unconcealed: evident: unarmed: defenceless: @@ -603,7 +565,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> in Italy by a secret process.</p> <p><b>Napoleon</b>, na-pō′lē-on, <i>n.</i> a French - gold coin worth 20 francs, or about 15s. 10½d.: a French modification of + gold coin worth 20 francs, or about 15s. 10½d.: a French modification of the game of euchre, each player receiving five cards and playing for himself: a kind of rich iced cake.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Napoleon′ic</span></b>, relating to <i>Napoleon I</i>. @@ -641,19 +603,19 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the effects produced by their use. [Fr.,—Gr. <i>narkē</i>, torpor.]</p> - <p><b>Nard</b>, närd, <i>n.</i> an aromatic plant usually called + <p><b>Nard</b>, närd, <i>n.</i> an aromatic plant usually called <i>Spikenard</i>: an ointment prepared from it.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nard′ine</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>nardus</i>—Gr. <i>nardos</i>—Pers. <i>nard</i>—Sans. <i>nalada</i>, from Sans. <i>nal</i>, to smell.]</p> - <p><b>Nardoo</b>, när-dōō′, <i>n.</i> an Australian + <p><b>Nardoo</b>, när-dōō′, <i>n.</i> an Australian cryptogamic plant whose spore-cases are eaten by the natives.</p> - <p><b>Nardus</b>, när′dus, <i>n.</i> a genus of grasses, having but + <p><b>Nardus</b>, när′dus, <i>n.</i> a genus of grasses, having but one species, <i>Nardus stricta</i>, mat-grass.</p> - <p><b>Narghile</b>, när′gi-le, <i>n.</i> an Eastern tobacco-pipe, + <p><b>Narghile</b>, när′gi-le, <i>n.</i> an Eastern tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is passed through water.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nar′gile</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Nar′gileh</span></b>, <b><span @@ -686,7 +648,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>gnārus</i>, knowing.]</p> - <p><b>Narre</b>, när, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) an older form of + <p><b>Narre</b>, när, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) an older form of <i>near</i>.</p> <p><b>Narrow</b>, nar′ō, <i>adj.</i> of little breadth: of @@ -697,7 +659,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> contract or confine.—<i>v.i.</i> to become narrow: to reduce the number of stitches in knitting.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Narr′ow-gauge</span></b>, denoting a railroad of less - width than 4 ft. 8½ in.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + width than 4 ft. 8½ in.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Narr′owing</span></b>, the act of making less in breadth: the state of being contracted: the part of anything which is made narrower.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -719,11 +681,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> in an early Christian or Oriental church or basilica. [L.,—Gr., <i>narthēx</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Narwhal</b>, när′hwal, <b>Narwal</b>, <span - class="nw">när′wal,</span> <i>n.</i> the sea-unicorn, a mammal of + <p><b>Narwhal</b>, när′hwal, <b>Narwal</b>, <span + class="nw">när′wal,</span> <i>n.</i> the sea-unicorn, a mammal of the whale family with one large projecting tusk. [Dan. - <i>narhval</i>—Ice. <i>náhvalr</i>, 'corpse-whale,' from the - creature's pallid colour (Ice. <i>nár</i>, corpse).]</p> + <i>narhval</i>—Ice. <i>náhvalr</i>, 'corpse-whale,' from the + creature's pallid colour (Ice. <i>nár</i>, corpse).]</p> <p><b>Nary</b>, ner′i, a provincial corruption of <i>ne'er a</i>, <i>never a</i>.</p> @@ -772,7 +734,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Naseberry</b>, nāz′ber-i, <i>n.</i> an American tropical tree.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nees′berry</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Nis′berry</span></b>. [Sp. <i>níspero</i>—L. + class="nw">Nis′berry</span></b>. [Sp. <i>nÃspero</i>—L. <i>mespilus</i>, medlar.]</p> <p><b>Nasturtium</b>, nas-tur′shi-um, <i>n.</i> the water-cress. @@ -823,11 +785,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nathless</b>, nath′les, <i>adj.</i> not the less: nevertheless.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nathe′less</span></b>. - [A.S. <i>ná thý læs</i>, not the less.]</p> + [A.S. <i>ná thý læs</i>, not the less.]</p> <p><b>Nathmore</b>, nath′mōr, <i>adv.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) not or never the more.—Also <b><span - class="nw">Nath′moe</span></b>. [A.S. <i>ná thý mára</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Nath′moe</span></b>. [A.S. <i>ná thý mára</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nation</b>, nā′shun, <i>n.</i> a body of people born of the same stock: the people inhabiting the same country, or under the same @@ -917,7 +879,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> scale.—<i>n.</i> an idiot: (<i>mus.</i>) a character (<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Natural.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Natural.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Natural" /></a>) which removes the effect of a + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Natural"></a>) which removes the effect of a preceding sharp or flat: a white key in keyboard musical instruments.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nat′ural-born</span></b>, native.—<i>n.pl.</i> @@ -988,7 +950,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> bad.—<b>Be naught</b>, an obsolete form of malediction; <b>Come to naught</b>, to come to nothing, to fail; <b>Set at naught</b>, to treat as of no account, to despise. [Another form of <i>nought</i>. A.S. - <i>náht</i>, <i>náwiht</i>—<i>ná</i>, not, <i>wiht</i>, a + <i>náht</i>, <i>náwiht</i>—<i>ná</i>, not, <i>wiht</i>, a whit.]</p> <p><b>Naughty</b>, nawt′i, <i>adj.</i> bad in conduct or speech: @@ -1154,7 +1116,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Nazarite. [Heb. <i>nāzar</i>, to consecrate.]</p> <p><b>Naze</b>, nāz, <i>n.</i> a headland or cape. [Scand., as in - Dan. <i>næs</i>; a doublet of <i>ness</i>.]</p> + Dan. <i>næs</i>; a doublet of <i>ness</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nazir</b>, na-zēr′, <i>n.</i> a native official in an Anglo-Indian court who serves summonses, &c. [Ar.]</p> @@ -1164,7 +1126,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neaf</b>, nēf, <i>n.</i> the fist—(<i>Scot.</i>) <b>Neive</b>. [M. E. <i>nefe</i>—Ice. <i>hnefi</i>, <i>nefi</i>; - cf. Sw. <i>näfve</i>, the fist.]</p> + cf. Sw. <i>näfve</i>, the fist.]</p> <p><b>Neal</b>, nēl, <i>v.t.</i> to temper by heat.—<i>v.i.</i> to be tempered by heat. [Cf. <i>Anneal</i>.]</p> @@ -1176,12 +1138,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neanderthaloid</b>, nē-an′dėr-tal-oid, <i>adj.</i> like the low type of skull found in 1857 in a cave in the - <i>Neanderthal</i>, a valley between Düsseldorf and Elberfeld.</p> + <i>Neanderthal</i>, a valley between Düsseldorf and Elberfeld.</p> <p><b>Neap</b>, nēp, <i>adj.</i> low, applied to the lowest tides.—<i>n.</i> a neap-tide: the lowest point of the tide.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Neaped</b>, left aground from one high tide to - another. [A.S. <i>nép</i>, orig. <i>hnép</i>; Dan. <i>knap</i>, Ice. + another. [A.S. <i>nép</i>, orig. <i>hnép</i>; Dan. <i>knap</i>, Ice. <i>neppr</i>, scanty.]</p> <p><b>Neapolitan</b>, nē-a-pol′i-tan, <i>adj.</i> pertaining @@ -1207,8 +1169,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> distinctly only when near, myopic, short-sighted.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Near′-sight′edness</span></b>.—<b>Near - point</b>, the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. <i>neár</i>, comp. - of <i>neáh</i>, nigh; Ice. <i>nær</i>; Ger. <i>näher</i>.]</p> + point</b>, the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. <i>neár</i>, comp. + of <i>neáh</i>, nigh; Ice. <i>nær</i>; Ger. <i>näher</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nearctic</b>, nē-ark′tik, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to the northern part of the New World—embracing temperate and @@ -1221,7 +1183,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Neat′-house</span></b>, a building for the shelter of neat-cattle.—<b>Neat's-foot oil</b>, an oil obtained from the feet of oxen; <b>Neat's leather</b>, leather made of the hides of neat-cattle. - [A.S. <i>neát</i>, cattle, a beast—<i>neótan</i>, <i>niótan</i>, to + [A.S. <i>neát</i>, cattle, a beast—<i>neótan</i>, <i>niótan</i>, to use; cf. Scot. <i>nowt</i>, black-cattle.]</p> <p><b>Neat</b>, nēt, <i>adj.</i> trim: tidy: clean: well-shaped: @@ -1231,7 +1193,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> dexterous.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Neat′ly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Neat′ness</span></b>. [Fr. <i>net</i>—L. - <i>nitidus</i>, shining—<i>nìtēre</i>, to shine.]</p> + <i>nitidus</i>, shining—<i>nìtēre</i>, to shine.]</p> <p><b>Neb</b>, neb, <i>n.</i> the beak of a bird: the nose: the sharp point of anything.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -1255,16 +1217,16 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> faint, misty appearance in the heavens produced either by a group of stars too distant to be seen singly, or by diffused gaseous matter:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Neb′ulæ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Neb′ular</span></b>, pertaining to nebulæ: like nebulæ; - <b>Nebulé</b> <span class="nw">(neb-ū-lā′),</span> + class="nw">Neb′ulæ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Neb′ular</span></b>, pertaining to nebulæ: like nebulæ; + <b>Nebulé</b> <span class="nw">(neb-ū-lā′),</span> curved in and out (<i>her.</i>); <b><span class="nw">Neb′ulose</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Neb′ulous</span></b>, misty, hazy, vague: relating to, or having the appearance of, a nebula.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nebulos′ity</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Neb′ulousness</span></b>.—<b>Nebular - hypothesis</b>, the theory of Laplace and Sir W. Herschel that nebulæ + hypothesis</b>, the theory of Laplace and Sir W. Herschel that nebulæ form the earliest stage in the formation of stars and planets. [L.; Gr. <i>nephelē</i>, cloud, mist.]</p> @@ -1409,9 +1371,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neddy</b>, ned′i, <i>n.</i> a donkey. [From <i>Ned</i>=Edward.]</p> - <p><b>Née</b>, nā, <i>adj.</i> born: placed before a married + <p><b>Née</b>, nā, <i>adj.</i> born: placed before a married woman's maiden-name, to show her own family, as Rebecca Crawley, - <i>née</i> Sharp. [Fr., fem. of <i>né</i>, pa.p. of <i>naître</i>, to be + <i>née</i> Sharp. [Fr., fem. of <i>né</i>, pa.p. of <i>naître</i>, to be born—L. <i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be born.]</p> <p><b>Need</b>, nēd, <i>n.</i> want of something which one cannot @@ -1440,7 +1402,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> must.'—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Need′y</span></b>, very poor: requisite.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Need′yhood</span></b>.—<b>The needful</b> - (<i>slang</i>), ready money. [A.S. <i>néd</i>, <i>niéd</i>, <i>nýd</i>; + (<i>slang</i>), ready money. [A.S. <i>néd</i>, <i>niéd</i>, <i>nýd</i>; Dut. <i>nood</i>, Ger. <i>noth</i>.]</p> <p><b>Needle</b>, nēd′l, <i>n.</i> a small, sharp-pointed @@ -1475,7 +1437,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Need′lework</span></b>, work done with a needle: the business of a seamstress.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Need′ly</span></b>, thorny. [A.S. <i>nǽdl</i>; - Ger. <i>nadel</i>; cog. with Ger. <i>nähen</i>, to sew, L. + Ger. <i>nadel</i>; cog. with Ger. <i>nähen</i>, to sew, L. <i>nēre</i>, to spin.]</p> <p><b>Neep</b>, a Scotch form of <i>turnip</i>.</p> @@ -1557,10 +1519,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>negligĕre</i>, <i>neglectum</i>—<i>nec</i>, not, <i>legĕre</i>, to gather.]</p> - <p><b>Negligée</b>, neg-li-zhā′, <i>n.</i> easy undress: a + <p><b>Negligée</b>, neg-li-zhā′, <i>n.</i> easy undress: a plain, loose gown: a necklace, usually of red coral.—<i>adj.</i> carelessly or unceremoniously dressed: careless. [Fr., fem. of - <i>négligé</i>—<i>négliger</i>, to neglect.]</p> + <i>négligé</i>—<i>négliger</i>, to neglect.]</p> <p><b>Negligence</b>, neg′li-jens, <i>n.</i> fact or quality of being negligent: want of proper care: habitual neglect: a single act of @@ -1598,7 +1560,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Negrito</b>, ne-grē′to, <i>n.</i> the Spanish name for certain tribes of negro-like diminutive people in the interior of some of - the Philippine Islands—also <i>Aëtas</i> or <i>Itas</i>: in a wider + the Philippine Islands—also <i>Aëtas</i> or <i>Itas</i>: in a wider sense, the Papuans and all the Melanesian peoples of Polynesia.</p> <p><b>Negro</b>, nē′grō, <i>n.</i> one of the @@ -1632,7 +1594,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nich′er</span></b>. [A.S. <i>hnǽgan</i>; Ice. <i>hneggja</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Neighbour</b>, nä′bur, <i>n.</i> a person who dwells, sits, + <p><b>Neighbour</b>, nä′bur, <i>n.</i> a person who dwells, sits, or stands near another: one who is on friendly terms with another.—<i>adj.</i> (<i>B.</i>) neighbouring.—<i>v.i.</i> to live near each other.—<i>v.t.</i> to be near to.—<i>n.</i> @@ -1646,17 +1608,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Neigh′bourly</span></b>, like or becoming a neighbour: friendly: social—also <i>adv.</i>; <b><span class="nw">Neigh′bour-stained</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), stained - with neighbours' blood. [A.S. <i>neáhbúr</i>, <i>neáhgebúr</i>—A.S. - <i>neáh</i>, near, <i>gebúr</i> or <i>búr</i>, a farmer.]</p> + with neighbours' blood. [A.S. <i>neáhbúr</i>, <i>neáhgebúr</i>—A.S. + <i>neáh</i>, near, <i>gebúr</i> or <i>búr</i>, a farmer.]</p> <p><b>Neist</b>, nēst, a dialectic form of <i>next</i>.</p> <p><b>Neither</b>, nē′<i>th</i>ėr, or <span class="nw">nī′</span><i>th</i>ėr, <i>adj.</i> and <i>pron.</i> not either.—<i>conj.</i> not either: and not: nor - yet.—<i>adv.</i> not at all: in no case. [A.S. <i>ná<i>th</i>er, - náw<i>th</i>er</i>, abbrev. of <i>náhwæther</i>—<i>ne</i>, not, - <i>áhwæther</i>, <i>áwther</i>, either.]</p> + yet.—<i>adv.</i> not at all: in no case. [A.S. <i>ná<i>th</i>er, + náw<i>th</i>er</i>, abbrev. of <i>náhwæther</i>—<i>ne</i>, not, + <i>áhwæther</i>, <i>áwther</i>, either.]</p> <p><b>Neivie-nick-nack</b>, nē′vi-nik′-nak, <i>n.</i> a Scotch children's game of guessing in which hand a thing is held while @@ -1671,14 +1633,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> magnesia. [Gr. <i>nēma</i>, a thread, <i>lithos</i>, a stone.]</p> <p><b>Nemathecium</b>, nem-a-thē′si-um, <i>n.</i> a wart-like - elevation on the surface of the thallus of certain florideous algæ. [Gr. + elevation on the surface of the thallus of certain florideous algæ. [Gr. <i>nēma</i>, a thread, <i>thēkion</i>, <i>thēkē</i>, case.]</p> <p><b>Nemathelminthes</b>, nem-a-thel-min′thez, <i>n.pl.</i> a name applied to the thread-worms or nematodes (as <i>Ascaris</i>, <i>Guinea-worm</i>, <i>Trichina</i>), to the somewhat distinct - <i>Gordiidæ</i> or <i>hair-eels</i>, and to the more remotely allied + <i>Gordiidæ</i> or <i>hair-eels</i>, and to the more remotely allied <i>Acanthocephala</i> or <i>Echinorhynchus</i>.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nemathelmin′tha</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nemathel′minth</span></b>, <b><span @@ -1686,7 +1648,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>helmins</i>, <i><span class="nw">-minthos</span></i>, worm.]</p> <p><b>Nematocerous</b>, nem-a-tos′e-rus, <i>adj.</i> having long - thready antennæ, as a dipterous insect. [Gr. <i>nēma</i>, a thread, + thready antennæ, as a dipterous insect. [Gr. <i>nēma</i>, a thread, <i>keras</i>, a horn.]</p> <p><b>Nematocyst</b>, nem′a-tō-sist, <i>n.</i> a cnida, one @@ -1717,7 +1679,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nemo</b>, nē′mo, <i>n.</i> nobody: a nobody. [L.]</p> <p><b>Nemocerous</b>, nē-mos′e-rus, <i>adj.</i> having - filamentous antennæ.</p> + filamentous antennæ.</p> <p><b>Nemoral</b>, nem′o-ral, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to a wood or grove.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -1747,7 +1709,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neocomian</b>, nē-ō-kō′mi-an, <i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> (<i>geol.</i>) of or pertaining to the lower division of the Cretaceous system, including the Lower Greensand and the Wealden of - English geologists. [Græcised from <i>Neuchâtel</i>, near which is its + English geologists. [Græcised from <i>Neuchâtel</i>, near which is its typical region; Gr. <i>neos</i>, new, <i>kōmē</i>, a village.]</p> @@ -1785,7 +1747,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neolithic</b>, nē-ō-lith′ik, <i>adj.</i> applied to the more recent implements of the stone age—opp. to - <i>Palæolithic</i>. [Gr. <i>neos</i>, new, <i>lithos</i>, a stone.]</p> + <i>Palæolithic</i>. [Gr. <i>neos</i>, new, <i>lithos</i>, a stone.]</p> <p><b>Neology</b>, nē-ol′o-ji, <i>n.</i> the introduction of new words, or new senses of old words, into a language: (<i>theol.</i>) @@ -1872,7 +1834,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Neozoic</b>, nē-ō-zō′ik, <i>adj.</i> denoting all rocks from the Trias down to the most recent formations, as - opposed to <i>Palæozoic</i>. [Gr. <i>neos</i>, new, <i>zoē</i>, + opposed to <i>Palæozoic</i>. [Gr. <i>neos</i>, new, <i>zoē</i>, life.]</p> <p><b>Nep</b>, nep, <i>n.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) a knot in a fibre of @@ -1963,7 +1925,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Sarniensis</i>.</p> <p><b>Nerite</b>, nē′rīt, <i>n.</i> a gasteropod of the - genus <i>Nerita</i> or the family <i>Neritidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> + genus <i>Nerita</i> or the family <i>Neritidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Neritā′cean</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Nerium</b>, nē′ri-um, <i>n.</i> a genus of @@ -1971,7 +1933,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> flowers, the oleander.</p> <p><b>Nero</b>, nē′ro, <i>n.</i> the last emperor of the - family of the Cæsars, at Rome (54-68 <span class="scac">A.D.</span>): any + family of the Cæsars, at Rome (54-68 <span class="scac">A.D.</span>): any cruel and wicked tyrant.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nerō′nian</span></b>.</p> @@ -2033,7 +1995,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> tender.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nesh′en</span></b>, to make tender.</p> - <p><b>Neshamah</b>, nesh′a-mä, <i>n.</i> the highest degree of the + <p><b>Neshamah</b>, nesh′a-mä, <i>n.</i> the highest degree of the soul in the cabbalistic system.</p> <p><b>Nesiote</b>, nē′si-ōt, <i>adj.</i> insular. [Gr. @@ -2043,13 +2005,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> in Arabic.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nesh′ki</span></b>. [Ar.]</p> - <p><b>Nesogæan</b>, nē-sō-jē′an, <i>adj.</i> - pertaining to Nesogæa—Polynesia or Oceania, New Zealand excepted, + <p><b>Nesogæan</b>, nē-sō-jē′an, <i>adj.</i> + pertaining to Nesogæa—Polynesia or Oceania, New Zealand excepted, with regard to the distribution of its animals. [Gr. <i>nēsos</i>, an island, <i>gaia</i>, the earth.]</p> <p><b>Ness</b>, nes, <i>n.</i> a promontory or headland. [A.S. - <i>næss</i>; a doublet of <i>naze</i>, prob. conn. with <i>nose</i>.]</p> + <i>næss</i>; a doublet of <i>naze</i>, prob. conn. with <i>nose</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nest</b>, nest, <i>n.</i> the bed formed by a bird for hatching her young: the place in which the eggs of any animal are laid and hatched: a @@ -2285,7 +2247,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> power ready to repel aggression from either belligerent. [L. <i>neutralis</i>—<i>neuter</i>, neither.]</p> - <p><b>Névé</b>, nā-vā′, <i>n.</i> the same as + <p><b>Névé</b>, nā-vā′, <i>n.</i> the same as <i>firn</i> or <i>glacier snow</i>. [Fr.,—L. <i>nix</i>, <i>nivis</i>, snow.]</p> @@ -2346,7 +2308,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> restrictions of their sex, and ape men in their freedom, education, pursuits, amusements, clothing, manners, and sometimes morals; <b>New World</b>, North and South America; <b>New-year's Day</b>, the first day - of the new year. [A.S. <i>níwe</i>, <i>neówe</i>; Ger. <i>neu</i>, Ir. + of the new year. [A.S. <i>nÃwe</i>, <i>neówe</i>; Ger. <i>neu</i>, Ir. <i>nuadh</i>, L. <i>novus</i>, Gr. <i>neos</i>.]</p> <p><b>Newel</b>, nū′el, <i>n.</i> (<i>archit.</i>) the @@ -2362,8 +2324,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Newfang′ledly</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Newfang′ledness</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Newfang′leness</span></b>. [Corr. from M. E. - <i>newefangel</i>—<i>newe</i> (A.S. <i>níwe</i>), new, - <i>fangel</i> (A.S. <i>fangen</i>—<i>fón</i>), ready to catch.]</p> + <i>newefangel</i>—<i>newe</i> (A.S. <i>nÃwe</i>), new, + <i>fangel</i> (A.S. <i>fangen</i>—<i>fón</i>), ready to catch.]</p> <p><b>Newfoundland</b>, nū-fownd′land, <i>n.</i> a large dog of great intelligence, a strong swimmer, black without any white @@ -2420,8 +2382,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> after.—<i>prep.</i> nearest to.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Next′ness</span></b>.—<b>Next door to</b> (see <b>Door</b>); <b>Next to nothing</b>, almost nothing at all. [A.S. - <i>néhst</i>, superl. of <i>néh</i>, <i>neáh</i>, near; Ger. - <i>nächst</i>.]</p> + <i>néhst</i>, superl. of <i>néh</i>, <i>neáh</i>, near; Ger. + <i>nächst</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nexus</b>, nek′sus, <i>n.</i> a tie, connecting principle, bond: (<i>Rom. law</i>) a person who had contracted a <i>nexum</i> or @@ -2464,7 +2426,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> ignorant—<i>ne</i>, not, <i>scīre</i>, to know.]</p> <p><b>Nicene</b>, nī′sēn, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the - town of <i>Nice</i> or <i>Nicæa</i>, in Bithynia, Asia Minor, where an + town of <i>Nice</i> or <i>Nicæa</i>, in Bithynia, Asia Minor, where an ecumenical council was held in 325 for the purpose of defining the questions raised in the Arian controversy—it promulgated the <i>Nicene Creed</i>. A second council, the seventh general council, held @@ -2472,7 +2434,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:10%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Niche.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Niche.png" - alt="Niche." title="Niche." /></a> + alt="Niche." title="Niche."></a> </div> <p><b>Niche</b>, nich, <i>n.</i> a recess in a wall for a statue, vase, &c.: a person's proper place or condition in life or public @@ -2637,7 +2599,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nigg′ardliness</span></b>, meanness in giving or spending—(<i>Spens.</i>) <b><span class="nw">Nigg′ardise</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Nigg′ardly</span></b>. [Ice. <i>hnöggr</i>, stingy; Ger. + class="nw">Nigg′ardly</span></b>. [Ice. <i>hnöggr</i>, stingy; Ger. <i>genau</i>, close.]</p> <p><b>Nigger</b>, nig′ėr, <i>n.</i> a black man, a negro: a @@ -2665,8 +2627,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> almost.—<i>prep.</i> near to: not distant from.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nigh′ly</span></b>, nearly: within a little.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nigh′ness</span></b>, - the state or quality of being nigh: nearness. [A.S. <i>néah</i>, - <i>néh</i>; Dut. <i>na</i>, Ger. <i>nahe</i>.]</p> + the state or quality of being nigh: nearness. [A.S. <i>néah</i>, + <i>néh</i>; Dut. <i>na</i>, Ger. <i>nahe</i>.]</p> <p><b>Night</b>, nīt, <i>n.</i> the end of the day: the time from sunset to sunrise: darkness: ignorance, affliction, or sorrow: @@ -2913,14 +2875,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ninth′ly</span></b>, in the ninth place.—<b>Nine days' wonder</b> (see <b>Wonder</b>); <b>Nine men's morris</b> (see <b>Morris</b>); <b>Nine worthies</b>, Hector, Alexander the Great, Julius - Cæsar, Joshua, David, Judas Maccabæus, Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of + Cæsar, Joshua, David, Judas Maccabæus, Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon; <b>The nine</b>, the nine muses (see <b>Muse</b>); <b>To the nines</b>, to perfection, fully, elaborately. [A.S. <i>nigon</i>; Dut. <i>negen</i>, L. <i>novem</i>, Gr. <i>ennea</i>, Sans. <i>navan</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ninny</b>, nin′i, <i>n.</i> a simpleton.—Also <b><span class="nw">Ninn′y-hamm′er</span></b>. [It. <i>ninno</i>, - child; Sp. <i>niño</i>, infant.]</p> + child; Sp. <i>niño</i>, infant.]</p> <p><b>Niobe</b>, nī′o-bē, <i>n.</i> daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king of Thebes. Proud of her many @@ -2981,7 +2943,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nirles</b>, <b>Nirls</b>, nirlz, <i>n.</i> herpes.</p> - <p><b>Nirvana</b>, nir-vä′na, <i>n.</i> the cessation of individual + <p><b>Nirvana</b>, nir-vä′na, <i>n.</i> the cessation of individual existence—the state to which a Buddhist aspires as the best attainable. [Sans., 'a blowing out.']</p> @@ -3011,7 +2973,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> full of nits. [A.S. <i>hnitu</i>; Ger. <i>niss</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nithing</b>, nī′<i>th</i>ing, <i>adj.</i> wicked, - mean.—<i>n.</i> a wicked man. [A.S. <i>níthing</i>; Ger. + mean.—<i>n.</i> a wicked man. [A.S. <i>nÃthing</i>; Ger. <i>neiding</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nithsdale</b>, niths′dāl, <i>n.</i> a hood which can be @@ -3058,8 +3020,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nī′try</span></b>, of or producing nitre.—<b>Cubic nitre</b>, nitrate of soda, so called because it crystallises in cubes. [Fr.,—L. <i>nitrum</i>—Gr. - <i>nitron</i>, natron, potash, soda—Ar. <i>nitrún</i>, - <i>natrún</i>.]</p> + <i>nitron</i>, natron, potash, soda—Ar. <i>nitrún</i>, + <i>natrún</i>.]</p> <p><b>Nitrogen</b>, nī′tro-jen, <i>n.</i> a gas forming nearly four-fifths of common air, a necessary constituent of every @@ -3081,7 +3043,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nival</b>, nī′val, <i>adj.</i> snowy, growing among snow.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Niv′eous</span></b>, - snowy, white.—<i>n.</i> <b>Nivôse</b> <span + snowy, white.—<i>n.</i> <b>Nivôse</b> <span class="nw">(nē-vōz′),</span> the 4th month of the French revolutionary calendar, Dec. 21-Jan. 19. [L. <i>niveus</i>—<i>nix</i>, <i>nivis</i>, snow.]</p> @@ -3114,7 +3076,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Nō′wise</span></b>, in no way, manner, or degree.—<b>No account</b>, worthless; <b>No doubt</b>, surely; <b>No go</b> (see <b>Go</b>); <b>No joke</b>, not a trifling matter. - [A.S. <i>ná</i>, compounded of <i>ne</i>, not, and <i>á</i> ever; + [A.S. <i>ná</i>, compounded of <i>ne</i>, not, and <i>á</i> ever; <i>nay</i>, the neg. of <i>aye</i>, is Scand.]</p> <p><b>Noachian</b>, nō-ā′ki-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining @@ -3218,7 +3180,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Noctua</b>, nok′tū-a, <i>n.</i> a generic name variously used—giving name to the <b><span - class="nw">Noctū′idæ</span></b>, a large family of nocturnal + class="nw">Noctū′idæ</span></b>, a large family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, strong-bodied moths.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Noc′tuid</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Noctū′idous</span></b>; <b><span @@ -3316,7 +3278,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nō′dī</span></b>. [L. <i>nodus</i> (for <i>gnodus</i>), allied to <i>Knot</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Noël</b>, nō′el, <i>n.</i> Christmas.—Same as + <p><b>Noël</b>, nō′el, <i>n.</i> Christmas.—Same as <b>Nowel</b> (q.v.).</p> <p><b>Noematic</b>, <b>-al</b>, nō-ē-mat′ik, -al, @@ -3328,9 +3290,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>noēma</i>—<i>noein</i>, to perceive.]</p> <p><b>Noetian</b>, nō-ē′shi-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining - to <b><span class="nw">Noë′tus</span></b> or <b><span - class="nw">Noë′tianism</span></b>, a form of Patripassianism taught - by <i>Noëtus</i> of Smyrna about 200 <span class="scac">A.D.</span></p> + to <b><span class="nw">Noë′tus</span></b> or <b><span + class="nw">Noë′tianism</span></b>, a form of Patripassianism taught + by <i>Noëtus</i> of Smyrna about 200 <span class="scac">A.D.</span></p> <p><b>Nog</b>, nog, <i>n.</i> a mug, small pot: a kind of strong ale.</p> @@ -3423,7 +3385,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>No-man's-land</b>, nō′-manz-land, <i>n.</i> a region to which no one possesses a recognised claim.</p> - <p><b>Nomarch</b>, nom′ärk, <i>n.</i> the ruler of a <b>Nome</b>, + <p><b>Nomarch</b>, nom′ärk, <i>n.</i> the ruler of a <b>Nome</b>, or division of a province, as in modern Greece.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nom′archy</span></b>, the district governed by a nomarch. [Gr. <i>nomos</i>, district, <i>archē</i>, rule.]</p> @@ -3434,7 +3396,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nome</b>, nōm, <i>n.</i> See <b>Nomarch</b>.</p> <p><b>Nomen</b>, nō′men, <i>n.</i> a name, esp. of the - <i>gens</i> or clan, as Caius <i>Julius</i> Cæsar. [L.]</p> + <i>gens</i> or clan, as Caius <i>Julius</i> Cæsar. [L.]</p> <p><b>Nomenclator</b>, nō′men-klā-tor, <i>n.</i> one who gives names to things:—<i>fem.</i> <b><span @@ -3728,7 +3690,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> garden-plant.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">None′-spar′ing</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), all-destroying. [M. E. <i>noon</i>, <i>non</i>—A.S. - <i>nán</i>—<i>ne</i>, not, <i>án</i>, one.]</p> + <i>nán</i>—<i>ne</i>, not, <i>án</i>, one.]</p> <p><b>Nonentity</b>, non-en′ti-ti, <i>n.</i> want of entity or being: a thing not existing: a person of no importance.</p> @@ -3737,7 +3699,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> ninth day before the Ides (both days included)—the 5th of Jan., Feb., April, June, Aug., Sept., Nov., Dec., and the 7th of the other months: the Divine office for the ninth hour, or three o'clock. [L. - <i>nonæ</i>—<i>nonus</i> for <i>novenus</i>, + <i>nonæ</i>—<i>nonus</i> for <i>novenus</i>, ninth—<i>novem</i>, nine.]</p> <p><b>Non est</b>, non est, <i>adj.</i> for absent, being a familiar @@ -3828,7 +3790,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Noon′ing</span></b>, a rest about noon: a repast at noon; <b><span class="nw">Noon′tide</span></b>, the tide or time of noon: midday.—<i>adj.</i> pertaining to noon: meridional. [A.S. - <i>nón-tíd</i> (noontide)—L. <i>nona</i> (<i>hora</i>), the ninth + <i>nón-tÃd</i> (noontide)—L. <i>nona</i> (<i>hora</i>), the ninth (hour).]</p> <p><b>Noose</b>, nōōs, or nōōz, <i>n.</i> a @@ -3962,7 +3924,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> direction.—<b>North water</b>, the space of open sea left by the winter pack of ice moving southward.—<b>North-east Passage</b>, a passage for ships along the north coasts of Europe and Asia to the - Pacific, first made by Nordenskiöld in 1878-79; <b>Northern lights</b>, + Pacific, first made by Nordenskiöld in 1878-79; <b>Northern lights</b>, the aurora borealis (q.v.); <b>North-west Passage</b>, a sea-way for ships from the Atlantic into the Pacific along the northern coast of America, first made by Sir Robert M‘Clure, 1850-54. [A.S. @@ -4040,7 +4002,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nostal′gic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>nostos</i>, a return, algos, pain.]</p> - <p><b>Nostoc</b>, nos′tok, <i>n.</i> a genus of Algæ, found in + <p><b>Nostoc</b>, nos′tok, <i>n.</i> a genus of Algæ, found in moist places.—Also <i>Witches' butter</i>, <i>Spittle of the stars</i>, <i>Star-jelly</i>, &c. [Ger. <i>nostoch</i>.]</p> @@ -4064,7 +4026,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Not</b>, not, <i>adv.</i> a word expressing denial, negation, or refusal.—<b>Not in it</b> (<i>coll.</i>), having no part in some - confidence or advantage. [Same as <i>Naught</i>, from A.S. <i>ná</i>, + confidence or advantage. [Same as <i>Naught</i>, from A.S. <i>ná</i>, <i>wiht</i>, a whit.]</p> <p><b>Notable</b>, nō′ta-bl, <i>adj.</i> worthy of being @@ -4079,8 +4041,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nō′tableness</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nō′tably</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Notæum</b>, nō-tē′um, <i>n.</i> the upper surface - of a bird's trunk—opp. to <i>Gastræum</i>: a dorsal buckler in some + <p><b>Notæum</b>, nō-tē′um, <i>n.</i> the upper surface + of a bird's trunk—opp. to <i>Gastræum</i>: a dorsal buckler in some gasteropods. [Gr. <i>nōtos</i>, the back.]</p> <p><b>Notalgia</b>, nō-tal′ji-a, <i>n.</i> pain in the @@ -4143,9 +4105,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Note′less</span></b>, not attracting notice.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Note′-pā′per</span></b>, folded - writing-paper for letters (<i>commercial</i>, 5 × 8 in.; <i>octavo</i>, - 4½ × 7; <i>billet</i>, 4 × 6; <i>queen</i>, 3½ × 5⅜; - <i>packet</i>, 5½ × 9; <i>Bath</i>, 7 × 8); <b><span + writing-paper for letters (<i>commercial</i>, 5 × 8 in.; <i>octavo</i>, + 4½ × 7; <i>billet</i>, 4 × 6; <i>queen</i>, 3½ × 5⅜; + <i>packet</i>, 5½ × 9; <i>Bath</i>, 7 × 8); <b><span class="nw">Not′er</span></b>, one who notes or observes: one who makes notes, an annotator; <b><span class="nw">Note′-shav′er</span></b> (<i>U.S.</i>), a @@ -4233,13 +4195,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the back, <i>chordē</i>, a string.]</p> <p><b>Notodontiform</b>, nō-tō-don′ti-form, <i>adj.</i> - resembling a tooth-back or moth of the family <i>Notodontidæ</i>. [Gr. + resembling a tooth-back or moth of the family <i>Notodontidæ</i>. [Gr. <i>nōtos</i>, back, <i>odous</i>, tooth, L. <i>forma</i>, form.]</p> <p><b>Notonectal</b>, nō-tō-nek′tal, <i>adj.</i> swimming on the back, as certain insects: related to the - <i>Notonectidæ</i>, a family of aquatic bugs, the boat-flies or + <i>Notonectidæ</i>, a family of aquatic bugs, the boat-flies or water-boatmen. [Gr. <i>nōtos</i>, the back, <i>nēktēs</i>, a swimmer.]</p> @@ -4276,7 +4238,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> beast.]</p> <p><b>Nototrema</b>, nō-tō-trē′ma, <i>n.</i> the - pouch-toads, a genus of <i>Hylidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + pouch-toads, a genus of <i>Hylidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nototrem′atous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>nōtos</i>, the back, <i>trēma</i>, a hole.]</p> @@ -4299,7 +4261,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> although.—<i>adv.</i> nevertheless, however, yet. [Orig. a participial phrase in nominative absolute=L. <i>non obstante</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Nougat</b>, nōō-gä′, <i>n.</i> a confection made + <p><b>Nougat</b>, nōō-gä′, <i>n.</i> a confection made of a sweet paste filled with chopped almonds or pistachio-nuts. [Fr. (cf. Sp. <i>nogado</i>, an almond-cake)—L. <i>nux</i>, <i>nucis</i>, a nut.]</p> @@ -4432,11 +4394,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> so.—<i>n.</i> the present time.—<i>advs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Now′adays</span></b>, in days now present.—<b>Now—now</b>, at one time—at another time. - [A.S. <i>nú</i>; Ger. <i>nun</i>, L. <i>nunc</i>, Gr. <i>nun</i>.]</p> + [A.S. <i>nú</i>; Ger. <i>nun</i>, L. <i>nunc</i>, Gr. <i>nun</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Nowel</b>, <b>Noël</b>, nō′el, <i>n.</i> Christmas: a + <p><b>Nowel</b>, <b>Noël</b>, nō′el, <i>n.</i> Christmas: a joyous shout or song at Christmas: a Christmas carol. [O. Fr. - <i>nowel</i>, <i>noel</i> (mod. Fr. <i>noël</i>; cf. Sp. <i>natal</i>, + <i>nowel</i>, <i>noel</i> (mod. Fr. <i>noël</i>; cf. Sp. <i>natal</i>, It. <i>natale</i>)—L. <i>natalis</i>, belonging to one's birthday.]</p> @@ -4502,7 +4464,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nubecula</b>, nū-bek′ū-la, <i>n.</i> a light film on the eye: a cloudy appearance in urine:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Nubec′ulæ</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Nubec′ulæ</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Nubiferous</b>, nū-bif′e-rus, <i>adj.</i> bringing clouds.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -4556,7 +4518,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>nucis</i>, a nut.]</p> <p><b>Nucule</b>, nūk′ūl, <i>n.</i> a little nut: in - <i>Characeæ</i> the female sexual organ. [L. <i>nucula</i>, dim. of + <i>Characeæ</i> the female sexual organ. [L. <i>nucula</i>, dim. of <i>nux</i>, <i>nucis</i>, a nut.]</p> <p><b>Nude</b>, nūd, <i>adj.</i> naked: bare: without drapery, as a @@ -4583,11 +4545,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of gasteropods having no shell, and with the gills exposed on the surface of the body:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nudibranchiā′ta</span></b>. [L. <i>nudus</i>, - naked, <i>branchiæ</i>, gills.]</p> + naked, <i>branchiæ</i>, gills.]</p> <p><b>Nugatory</b>, nū′ga-tor-i, <i>adj.</i> trifling: vain: insignificant: of no power: ineffectual. [L. - <i>nugatorius</i>,—<i>nugæ</i>, jokes, trifles.]</p> + <i>nugatorius</i>,—<i>nugæ</i>, jokes, trifles.]</p> <p><b>Nugget</b>, nug′et, <i>n.</i> a lump or mass, as of a metal. [Prob. <i>ingot</i>, with the <i>n</i> of the article.]</p> @@ -4696,7 +4658,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Numbles</b>, num′bls, <i>n.pl.</i> the entrails of a deer. See <b>Umbles</b>.</p> - <p><b>Numerotage</b>, nū-me-rō-täzh′, <i>n.</i> the + <p><b>Numerotage</b>, nū-me-rō-täzh′, <i>n.</i> the numbering of yarns so as to denote their fineness. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Numismatic</b>, nū-mis-mat′ik, <i>adj.</i> pertaining @@ -4777,17 +4739,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nundinal</b>, nun′di-nal, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to a fair or market.—Also <b><span class="nw">Nun′dinary</span></b>. [L. - <i>nundinæ</i>, the market-day, properly the ninth day—i.e. from + <i>nundinæ</i>, the market-day, properly the ninth day—i.e. from the preceding market-day, both days inclusive—<i>novem</i>, nine, <i>dies</i>, a day.]</p> - <p><b>Nuphar</b>, nū′fär, <i>n.</i> a genus of yellow - water-lilies, the <i>Nymphæa</i>.</p> + <p><b>Nuphar</b>, nū′fär, <i>n.</i> a genus of yellow + water-lilies, the <i>Nymphæa</i>.</p> <p><b>Nuptial</b>, nup′shal, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to marriage: constituting marriage.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nup′tials</span></b>, marriage: wedding ceremony. - [Fr.,—L. <i>nuptialis</i>—<i>nuptiæ</i>, + [Fr.,—L. <i>nuptialis</i>—<i>nuptiæ</i>, marriage—<i>nubĕre</i>, <i>nuptum</i>, to marry.]</p> <p><b>Nur</b>, nur, <i>n.</i> a knot or knob in wood. See @@ -4841,10 +4803,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Nut′-brown</span></b>, brown, like a ripe old nut.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nut′cracker</span></b>, an instrument for cracking nuts: a genus of birds of the family - <i>Corvidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Nut′-gall</span></b>, an + <i>Corvidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Nut′-gall</span></b>, an excrescence, chiefly of the oak; <b><span class="nw">Nut′hatch</span></b>, a genus of birds of the family - <i>Sittidæ</i>, agile creepers—also <b><span + <i>Sittidæ</i>, agile creepers—also <b><span class="nw">Nut′jobber</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Nut′pecker</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Nut′-hook</span></b>, a stick with a hook at the end for @@ -4929,7 +4891,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nyas</b>. See <b>Eyas</b>.</p> <p><b>Nyctala</b>, nik′ta-la, <i>n.</i> a genus of owls of family - <i>Strigidæ</i>.</p> + <i>Strigidæ</i>.</p> <p><b>Nyctalopia</b>, nik-ta-lō′pi-a, <i>n.</i> the defective vision of persons who can see in a faint light but not in bright @@ -4948,7 +4910,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nylghau</b>, nil′gaw, <i>n.</i> a large species of antelope, in North Hindustan, the males of which are of a bluish colour. [Pers. - <i>níl gáw</i>—<i>níl</i>, blue, <i>gáw</i>, ox, cow.]</p> + <i>nÃl gáw</i>—<i>nÃl</i>, blue, <i>gáw</i>, ox, cow.]</p> <p><b>Nymph</b>, nimf, <i>n.</i> a young and beautiful maiden: (<i>myth.</i>) one of the beautiful goddesses who inhabited mountains, @@ -4974,16 +4936,16 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>nymphē</i>, a bride.]</p> <p><b>Nymph</b>, nimf, <b>Nympha</b>, nimf′a, <i>n.</i> the pupa or - chrysalis of an insect.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Nymphæ</b> <span + chrysalis of an insect.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Nymphæ</b> <span class="nw">(nimf′ē),</span> the labia minora.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Nymphip′arous</span></b>, producing - pupæ.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Nymphī′tis</span></b>, inflammation of the nymphæ; + pupæ.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Nymphī′tis</span></b>, inflammation of the nymphæ; <b><span class="nw">Nymphot′omy</span></b>, the excision of the - nymphæ.</p> + nymphæ.</p> - <p><b>Nymphæa</b>, nim-fē′a, <i>n.</i> a genus of + <p><b>Nymphæa</b>, nim-fē′a, <i>n.</i> a genus of water-plants, with beautiful fragrant flowers, including the water-lily, Egyptian lotus, &c. [L. <i>nympha</i>, a nymph.]</p> @@ -4996,12 +4958,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Nyula</b>, ni-ū′la, <i>n.</i> an ichneumon.</p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> <div class="figleft" style="width:5%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_O.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_O.png" - alt="O" title="O" /></a> + alt="O" title="O"></a> </div> <p>the fifteenth letter and fourth vowel of our alphabet, its sound intermediate between <i>a</i> and <i>u</i>—with three values in @@ -5014,7 +4976,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>O</b>, <b>oh</b>, ō, <i>interj.</i> an exclamation of wonder, pain, desire, fear, &c. The form <i>oh</i> is the more usual in prose.—<b>O hone! Och hone!</b> an Irish exclamation of - lamentation. [A.S. <i>eá</i>.]</p> + lamentation. [A.S. <i>eá</i>.]</p> <p><b>O</b>, usually written o', an abbrev. for <i>of</i> and <i>on</i>.</p> @@ -5048,18 +5010,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> university slang, to signify that one does not wish visitors by closing the outer door of one's rooms; <b>The Oaks</b>, one of the three great English races—for mares—the others being the Derby and St - Leger. [A.S. <i>ác</i>; Ice. <i>eik</i>, Ger. <i>eiche</i>.]</p> + Leger. [A.S. <i>ác</i>; Ice. <i>eik</i>, Ger. <i>eiche</i>.]</p> <p><b>Oaker</b>, ōk′ėr, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) ochre.</p> <p><b>Oakum</b>, ōk′um, <i>n.</i> old ropes untwisted and teased into loose hemp for caulking the seams of ships. [A.S. - <i>ácumba</i>, <i>ǽcemba</i>—<i>cemban</i>, to comb.]</p> + <i>ácumba</i>, <i>ǽcemba</i>—<i>cemban</i>, to comb.]</p> <p><b>Oar</b>, ōr, <i>n.</i> a light pole with a flat feather or spoon-shaped end (the <i>blade</i>) for propelling a boat: an oar-like - appendage for swimming, as the antennæ of an insect or crustacean, + appendage for swimming, as the antennæ of an insect or crustacean, &c.: an oarsman.—<i>v.t.</i> to impel by rowing.—<i>v.i.</i> to row.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oar′age</span></b>, oars collectively.—<i>adj.</i> @@ -5076,7 +5038,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> rowing without shipping the oars: to rest, take things easily: to cease from work; <b>Put in one's oar</b>, to give advice when not wanted; <b>Ship</b>, or <b>Unship</b>, <b>oars</b>, to place the oars in the - rowlocks, or to take them out. [A.S. <i>ár</i>.]</p> + rowlocks, or to take them out. [A.S. <i>ár</i>.]</p> <p><b>Oarium</b>, ō-ā′ri-um, <i>n.</i> an ovary or ovarium.</p> @@ -5089,7 +5051,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Oast</b>, ōst, <i>n.</i> a kiln to dry hops or malt.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oast′-house</span></b>. - [A.S. <i>ást</i>.]</p> + [A.S. <i>ást</i>.]</p> <p><b>Oat</b>, ōt (oftener in <i>pl.</i> <b>Oats</b>, ōts), <i>n.</i> a well-known grassy plant, the seeds of which are much used as @@ -5102,7 +5064,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> useful more as fodder than for the seed; <b><span class="nw">Oat′meal</span></b>, meal made of oats.—<b>Sow one's wild oats</b>, to indulge in the usual youthful dissipations. [A.S. - <i>áta</i>, pl. <i>átan</i>.]</p> + <i>áta</i>, pl. <i>átan</i>.]</p> <p><b>Oath</b>, ōth, <i>n.</i> a solemn statement with an appeal to God as witness, and a calling for punishment from Him in case of @@ -5115,7 +5077,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> an oath administered to.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oath′-break′ing</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), the violation of an oath, perjury.—<b>Upon one's oath</b>, sworn to - speak the truth. [A.S. <i>áth</i>; Ger. <i>eid</i>, Ice. + speak the truth. [A.S. <i>áth</i>; Ger. <i>eid</i>, Ice. <i>eithr</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ob.</b>, for <i>objection</i>, just as <i>sol.</i> for @@ -5127,7 +5089,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Obang</b>, ō-bang′, <i>n.</i> an old Japanese oblong gold coin.</p> - <p><b>Obbligato</b>, ob-li-gä′to, <i>adj.</i> that cannot be done + <p><b>Obbligato</b>, ob-li-gä′to, <i>adj.</i> that cannot be done without.—<i>n.</i> a musical accompaniment, itself of independent importance, esp. that of a single instrument to a vocal piece.—Also <b><span class="nw">Obliga′to</span></b>. [It.]</p> @@ -5172,7 +5134,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">ō-bē′sans,</span> <i>n.</i> obedience: a bow or act of reverence: an expression of respect.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Obē′isant</span></b>. - [Fr.,—<i>obéir</i>—L. <i>obedīre</i>, to obey.]</p> + [Fr.,—<i>obéir</i>—L. <i>obedīre</i>, to obey.]</p> <p><b>Obelion</b>, ō-bē′li-on, <i>n.</i> a point in the sagittal suture of the skull, between the two parietal foramina. [Gr. @@ -5184,7 +5146,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Ob′eliscal</span></b>.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ob′elise</span></b>, to mark with an obelisk, to condemn as spurious, indelicate, &c.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Ob′elus</span></b>, a mark ( — or ÷ ) used in + class="nw">Ob′elus</span></b>, a mark ( — or ÷ ) used in ancient MSS. to mark suspected passages, esp. in the Septuagint to indicate passages not in the Hebrew:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ob′eli</span></b>. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. @@ -5216,7 +5178,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>to</i>).—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Obey′er</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Obey′ingly</span></b>, obediently. [Fr. - <i>obéir</i>—L. <i>obedīre</i>—<i>ob</i>, near, + <i>obéir</i>—L. <i>obedīre</i>—<i>ob</i>, near, <i>audīre</i>, to hear.]</p> <p><b>Obfuscate</b>, ob-fus′kāt, <i>v.t.</i> to darken: to @@ -5507,7 +5469,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ob′sequy</span></b> (<i>Milt.</i>)—rarely used.—<i>adj</i>. <b><span class="nw">Obsē′quial</span></b>. [Fr. - <i>obsèques</i>—L. <i>obsequiæ</i>—<i>ob</i>, before, upon, + <i>obsèques</i>—L. <i>obsequiæ</i>—<i>ob</i>, before, upon, sequi, to comply.]</p> <p><b>Obsequious</b>, ob-sē′kwi-us, <i>adj</i>. compliant to @@ -5671,7 +5633,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> hold.]</p> <p><b>Obtected</b>, ob-tek′ted, <i>adj.</i> covered, protected by a - chitonous case, as the pupæ of most flies. [L. <i>obtegĕre</i>, + chitonous case, as the pupæ of most flies. [L. <i>obtegĕre</i>, <i>obtectum</i>, to cover over.]</p> <p><b>Obtemper</b>, ob-tem′per, <i>v.t.</i> to yield obedience to @@ -6003,8 +5965,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ocrea</b>, ō′kre-a, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) a sheath formed of two stipules united round a stem:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">O′chreæ</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">O′creæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">O′chreæ</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">O′creæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">O′chreāte</span></b>. [L. <i>ochrea</i>, a legging.]</p> @@ -6032,7 +5994,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> eight angles.</p> <p><b>Octant</b>, ok′tant, <i>n.</i> the eighth part of a circle: - an instrument for measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45°, + an instrument for measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45°, or one-eighth of a circle, apart.—Also <b><span class="nw">Oc′tile</span></b>. [L. <i>octans</i>, <i>octantis</i>—<i>octo</i>, eight.]</p> @@ -6061,11 +6023,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Octavo</b>, ok-tā′vō, <i>adj.</i> having eight leaves to the sheet.—<i>n.</i> a book printed on sheets folded into - eight leaves, contracted 8vo—usually meaning a medium octavo, 6×9½ - inches. Smaller octavos are—post 8vo, 5½×8½ in.; demy 8vo, 5¼×8 - in.; crown 8vo, 5×7½ in.; cap 8vo, 4½×7 in. Larger octavos - are—royal 8vo, 6½×10 in.; super-royal 8vo, 7×11 in.; imperial 8vo, - 8¼×11 in.:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span + eight leaves, contracted 8vo—usually meaning a medium octavo, 6×9½ + inches. Smaller octavos are—post 8vo, 5½×8½ in.; demy 8vo, 5¼×8 + in.; crown 8vo, 5×7½ in.; cap 8vo, 4½×7 in. Larger octavos + are—royal 8vo, 6½×10 in.; super-royal 8vo, 7×11 in.; imperial 8vo, + 8¼×11 in.:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Octā′vos</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Octennial</b>, ok-ten′i-al, <i>adj.</i> happening every @@ -6163,7 +6125,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> consisting of eight syllables.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oc′tosyllable</span></b>, a word of eight syllables.</p> - <p><b>Octroi</b>, ok-trwä′, <i>n.</i> a grant of the exclusive + <p><b>Octroi</b>, ok-trwä′, <i>n.</i> a grant of the exclusive right of trade: a toll or tax levied at the gates of a city on articles brought in: the place where such taxes are paid. [Fr.,—<i>octroyer</i>, to grant—L. <i>auctorāre</i>, to @@ -6342,7 +6304,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Gr. <i>oidēma</i>, swelling.]</p> <p><b>Œdemia</b>, ē-dē′mi-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of - <i>Anatidæ</i>, the scoters, surf-ducks, or sea-coots. [Gr. + <i>Anatidæ</i>, the scoters, surf-ducks, or sea-coots. [Gr. <i>oidēma</i>.]</p> <p><b>Œillade</b>, ėl-yad′, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) a @@ -6444,7 +6406,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> easy.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Off′ish</span></b>, reserved in manner.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Off′-print</span></b>, a reprint of a single article - from a magazine or other periodical—the French <i>tirage à + from a magazine or other periodical—the French <i>tirage à part</i>, German <i>Abdruck</i>; <b><span class="nw">Off′-reck′oning</span></b>, an allowance formerly made to certain British officers from the money appropriated for army @@ -6585,7 +6547,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:18%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Ogham.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Ogham.png" - alt="Ogham." title="Ogham." /></a> + alt="Ogham." title="Ogham."></a> </div> <p><b>Ogham</b>, <b>Ogam</b>, og′am, <i>n.</i> an ancient Irish writing, in straight lines crossing each other; one of the characters, @@ -6596,7 +6558,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ogive</b>, ō′jiv, <i>n.</i> (<i>archit.</i>) a pointed arch or window.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ogī′val</span></b>. [Fr.,—Sp.,—Ar. - <i>áwj</i>, summit.]</p> + <i>áwj</i>, summit.]</p> <p><b>Ogle</b>, ō′gl, <i>v.t.</i> to look at fondly with side glances.—<i>v.i.</i> to cast amorous glances.—<i>ns.</i> @@ -6671,7 +6633,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Okapi</b>, ō′ka-pi, <i>n.</i> a giraffe-like animal of the Semliki forests of Central Africa.</p> - <p><b>Oke</b>, ōk, <i>n.</i> a Turkish weight of 2¾ lb. + <p><b>Oke</b>, ōk, <i>n.</i> a Turkish weight of 2¾ lb. avoirdupois.</p> <p><b>Old</b>, ōld, <i>adj.</i> advanced in years: having been long @@ -6729,7 +6691,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> squaw</b>, a sea-duck of the northern hemisphere—also <b>Old wife</b>; <b>Old Style</b> (often written with a date O.S.), the mode of reckoning time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of - 365¼ days; <b>Old Testament</b> (see <b>Testament</b>); <b>Old Tom</b>, a + 365¼ days; <b>Old Testament</b> (see <b>Testament</b>); <b>Old Tom</b>, a strong kind of English gin; <b>Old wife</b>, a prating old woman, or even a man: a chimney-cap for curing smoking.—<b>Of old</b>, long ago, in ancient times, or belonging to such. [A.S. <i>eald</i>; Dut. @@ -6800,10 +6762,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Somaliland and southern Arabia—the <i>Lebonah</i> of the Hebrews, <i>Libanos</i> and <i>Libanōtos</i> of the Greeks.</p> - <p><b>Oligæmia</b>, ol-i-jē′mi-a, <i>n.</i> abnormal + <p><b>Oligæmia</b>, ol-i-jē′mi-a, <i>n.</i> abnormal deficiency of blood.</p> - <p><b>Oligarchy</b>, ol′i-gärk-i, <i>n.</i> government by a small + <p><b>Oligarchy</b>, ol′i-gärk-i, <i>n.</i> government by a small exclusive class: a state governed by such: a small body of men who have the supreme power of a state in their hands.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ol′igarch</span></b>, a member of an @@ -7075,7 +7037,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> off.—<i>interj.</i> go on! proceed!—<i>adj.</i> denoting the part of the field to the left of a right-handed batter, and to the right of the bowler—opp. to <i>Off.</i> [A.S. <i>on</i>; Dut. <i>aan</i>, - Ice. <i>á</i>, Ger. <i>an</i>.]</p> + Ice. <i>á</i>, Ger. <i>an</i>.]</p> <p><b>On</b>, on, <i>prep.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) without.</p> @@ -7095,8 +7057,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> again</b>, more than once: repeatedly; <b>Once for all</b>, once only and not again; <b>Once in a way</b>, on one occasion only: very rarely.—<b>At once</b>, without delay: alike: at the same time; - <b>For once</b>, on one occasion only. [A.S. <i>ánes</i>, orig. gen. of - <i>án</i>, one, used as adv.]</p> + <b>For once</b>, on one occasion only. [A.S. <i>ánes</i>, orig. gen. of + <i>án</i>, one, used as adv.]</p> <p><b>Oncidium</b>, on-sid′i-um, <i>n.</i> a widely-spread American genus of orchids. [Gr. <i>ogkos</i>, a hook.]</p> @@ -7212,7 +7174,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> this above all others: alone.—<i>adv.</i> in one manner: for one purpose: singly: merely: barely: entirely.—<i>conj.</i> but: except that.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">On′liness</span></b>. - [A.S. <i>ánlíc</i> (adj.)—<i>án</i>, one, <i>líc</i>, like.]</p> + [A.S. <i>ánlÃc</i> (adj.)—<i>án</i>, one, <i>lÃc</i>, like.]</p> <p><b>Onocentaur</b>, on-o-sen′tawr, <i>n.</i> a kind of centaur, half-man, half-ass.</p> @@ -7321,31 +7283,31 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Oof</b>, ōōf, <i>n.</i> (<i>slang</i>) money.</p> - <p><b>Oögenesis</b>, ō-ō-jen′e-sis, <i>n.</i> the + <p><b>Oögenesis</b>, ō-ō-jen′e-sis, <i>n.</i> the genesis and development of the ovum—also <b><span - class="nw">Oög′eny</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oögenet′ic</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Oög′eny</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Oögenet′ic</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Oöidal</b>, ō-oi′dal, <i>adj.</i> egg-shaped.</p> + <p><b>Oöidal</b>, ō-oi′dal, <i>adj.</i> egg-shaped.</p> - <p><b>Oölite</b>, ō′o-līt, <i>n.</i> (<i>geol.</i>) a + <p><b>Oölite</b>, ō′o-līt, <i>n.</i> (<i>geol.</i>) a kind of limestone, composed of grains like the eggs or roe of a - fish.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oölit′ic</span></b>; - <b><span class="nw">Oölitif′erous</span></b>. [Gr. + fish.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oölit′ic</span></b>; + <b><span class="nw">Oölitif′erous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>ōon</i>, an egg, <i>lithos</i>, stone.]</p> - <p><b>Oölogy</b>, ō-ol′o-ji, <i>n.</i> the science or study + <p><b>Oölogy</b>, ō-ol′o-ji, <i>n.</i> the science or study of birds' eggs.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">O′ögraph</span></b>, a mechanical device for drawing the + class="nw">O′ögraph</span></b>, a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's egg.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oölog′ic</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Oölog′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oölog′ically</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oöl′ogist</span></b>, one versed in oology; <b><span - class="nw">Oöm′eter</span></b>, an apparatus for measuring + class="nw">Oölog′ically</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Oöl′ogist</span></b>, one versed in oology; <b><span + class="nw">Oöm′eter</span></b>, an apparatus for measuring eggs.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oömet′ric</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oöm′etry</span></b>, the measurement of eggs. [Gr. + class="nw">Oömet′ric</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Oöm′etry</span></b>, the measurement of eggs. [Gr. <i>ōon</i>, an egg.]</p> <p><b>Oolong</b>, ōō′long, <i>n.</i> a variety of black @@ -8103,7 +8065,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ordeal</b>, or′de-al, <i>n.</i> a dealing out or giving of just judgment: an ancient form of referring a disputed question to the judgment of God, by lot, fire, water, &c.: any severe trial or - examination. [A.S. <i>or-dél</i>, <i>or-dál</i>; cf. Dut. + examination. [A.S. <i>or-dél</i>, <i>or-dál</i>; cf. Dut. <i>oor-deel</i>, Ger. <i>ur-theil</i>.]</p> <p><b>Order</b>, or′dėr, <i>n.</i> regular arrangement, @@ -8201,8 +8163,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> foul—L. <i>horridus</i>, rough.]</p> <p><b>Ore</b>, ōr, <i>n.</i> metal as it comes from the mine: metal - mixed with earthy and other substances. [A.S. <i>ór</i>, another form of - <i>ár</i>, brass; Ice. <i>eir</i>, L. <i>æs</i>, <i>ær-is</i>, + mixed with earthy and other substances. [A.S. <i>ór</i>, another form of + <i>ár</i>, brass; Ice. <i>eir</i>, L. <i>æs</i>, <i>ær-is</i>, bronze.]</p> <p><b>Oread</b>, ō′rē-ad, <i>n.</i> (<i>myth.</i>) a @@ -8439,9 +8401,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ormuzd</b>, or′muzd, <i>n.</i> the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as opposed to <i>Ahriman</i>, the bad. [A corr. of - Pers. <i>Ahura-Mazdâh</i>=the Living God or Lord (<i>ahu</i>='the + Pers. <i>Ahura-Mazdâh</i>=the Living God or Lord (<i>ahu</i>='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root <i>ah</i>='to be'), the Great Creator - (<i>maz</i>+<i>dâ</i>=Sans. <i>mahâ</i>+<i>dhâ</i>), or the Wise + (<i>maz</i>+<i>dâ</i>=Sans. <i>mahâ</i>+<i>dhâ</i>), or the Wise One.]</p> <p><b>Ornament</b>, or′na-ment, <i>n.</i> anything that adds grace @@ -8612,12 +8574,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to <b><span class="nw">Or′thodromy</span></b>, the art of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course.</p> - <p><b>Orthoëpy</b>, or′tho-e-pi, <i>n.</i> (<i>gram.</i>) correct + <p><b>Orthoëpy</b>, or′tho-e-pi, <i>n.</i> (<i>gram.</i>) correct pronunciation of words.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Orthoëp′ic</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Orthoëp′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Orthoëp′ically</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Or′thoëpist</span></b>, one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. + class="nw">Orthoëp′ically</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Or′thoëpist</span></b>, one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. <i>orthos</i>, right, <i>epos</i>, a word.]</p> <p><b>Orthogamy</b>, or-thog′a-mi, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) direct @@ -8650,17 +8612,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Orthometry</b>, or-thom′et-ri, <i>n.</i> the art of constructing verse correctly.</p> - <p><b>Orthopædia</b>, or-thō-pē-dī′a, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Orthopædia</b>, or-thō-pē-dī′a, <i>n.</i> the art or process of curing deformities of the body, esp. in - childhood—also <b><span class="nw">Or′thopædy</span></b>, + childhood—also <b><span class="nw">Or′thopædy</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Or′thopedy</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Orthopæ′dic</span></b>, <b><span + <b><span class="nw">Orthopæ′dic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Orthoped′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Orthopæ′dics</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Orthoped′ics</span></b>, orthopædic surgery; <b><span - class="nw">Or′thopædist</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Orthopæ′dics</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Orthoped′ics</span></b>, orthopædic surgery; <b><span + class="nw">Or′thopædist</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Or′thopedist</span></b>, one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. <i>orthos</i>, straight, <i>pais</i>, <i>paidos</i>, a child.]</p> @@ -8734,7 +8696,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> geology relating to fossils.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oryctograph′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Oryctozoöl′ogy</span></b>, palæontology. [Gr. + class="nw">Oryctozoöl′ogy</span></b>, palæontology. [Gr. <i>oryctos</i>, fossil.]</p> <p><b>Oryx</b>, or′iks, <i>n.</i> a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a @@ -8823,7 +8785,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Osmeterium</b>, os-mē-tē′ri-um, <i>n.</i> an organ devoted to the production of an odour, esp. the forked process - behind the head of certain butterfly-larvæ:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span + behind the head of certain butterfly-larvæ:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Osmetē′ria</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Osmidrosis</b>, os-mi-drō′sis, <i>n.</i> the secretion @@ -9047,7 +9009,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Otoscope</b>. See under <b>Otalgia</b>.</p> - <p><b>Ottava</b>, ot-tä′vä, <i>n.</i> an octave.—<b>Ottava + <p><b>Ottava</b>, ot-tä′vä, <i>n.</i> an octave.—<b>Ottava rima</b>, an Italian form of versification consisting of eight lines, the first six rhyming alternately, the last two forming a couplet—used by Byron in <i>Don Juan</i>. [It.]</p> @@ -9081,7 +9043,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of a clasp: the socket of a precious stone. [O. Fr. <i>nouche</i>, <i>nosche</i>, from Teut., cf. Old High Ger. <i>nusca</i>, a clasp.]</p> - <p><b>Oudenarde</b>, ōō′de-närd, <i>n.</i> a kind of + <p><b>Oudenarde</b>, ōō′de-närd, <i>n.</i> a kind of decorative tapestry, representing foliage, &c., once made at <i>Oudenarde</i> in Belgium.</p> @@ -9091,22 +9053,22 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ought</b>, awt, <i>v.i.</i> to be under obligation: to be proper or necessary.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Ought′ness</span></b>, rightness. [A.S. <i>áhte</i>, - pa.t. of <i>ágan</i>, to owe.]</p> + class="nw">Ought′ness</span></b>, rightness. [A.S. <i>áhte</i>, + pa.t. of <i>ágan</i>, to owe.]</p> <p><b>Ouistiti</b>, wis′ti-ti, <i>n.</i> a wistit or marmoset.</p> <p><b>Ounce</b>, owns, <i>n.</i> the twelfth part of a pound troy=480 grains: <span class="spp">1</span>⁄<span class="suu">16</span> of a - pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. <i>unce</i>—L. + pound avoirdupois=437½ troy grains. [O. Fr. <i>unce</i>—L. <i>uncia</i>, the twelfth part.]</p> <p><b>Ounce</b>, owns, <i>n.</i> a carnivorous animal of the cat kind, found in Asia, allied to the leopard—(<i>obs.</i>) <b>Once</b>. - [Fr. <i>once</i>, prob. Pers. <i>yúz</i>, a panther.]</p> + [Fr. <i>once</i>, prob. Pers. <i>yúz</i>, a panther.]</p> <p><b>Oundy</b>, own′di, <i>adj.</i> wavy: scalloped: (<i>her.</i>) - undé.</p> + undé.</p> <p><b>Ouphe</b>, ōōf, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>). Same as <b>Oaf</b>.</p> @@ -9116,7 +9078,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> possessive of <i>We</i>; <b><span class="nw">Ourself′</span></b>, myself (as a king or queen would say):—<i>pl.</i> <b>Ourselves</b> <span class="nw">(-selvz′),</span> we, not others: us. [A.S. - <i>úre</i>, gen. pl. of <i>wé</i>, we.]</p> + <i>úre</i>, gen. pl. of <i>wé</i>, we.]</p> <p><b>Ourang-outang</b>. Same as <b>Orang-outang</b>.</p> @@ -9127,7 +9089,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Oust</b>, owst, <i>v.t.</i> to eject or expel.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Oust′er</span></b> (<i>law</i>), ejection: - dispossession. [O. Fr. <i>oster</i> (Fr. <i>ôter</i>), to remove; acc. to + dispossession. [O. Fr. <i>oster</i> (Fr. <i>ôter</i>), to remove; acc. to Diez, from L. <i>haurīre</i>, <i>haustum</i>, to draw (water).]</p> <p><b>Out</b>, owt, <i>adv.</i> without, not within: gone forth: abroad: @@ -9156,7 +9118,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> unusual, pre-eminent; <b>Out of the question</b>, that cannot be at all considered; <b>Out of time</b>, too soon or too late: not keeping time in music; <b>Out with</b>, away with: (<i>Scot.</i>) outside of: say, do, - &c., at once. [A.S. <i>úte</i>, <i>út</i>; Goth. <i>ut</i>, Ger. + &c., at once. [A.S. <i>úte</i>, <i>út</i>; Goth. <i>ut</i>, Ger. <i>aus</i>, Sans. <i>ud</i>.]</p> <p><b>Outask</b>, owt-ask′, <i>v.t.</i> to ask or proclaim, as to @@ -9165,10 +9127,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Outbalance</b>, owt-bal′ans, <i>v.t.</i> to exceed in weight or effect: to outweigh.</p> - <p><b>Outbar</b>, owt-bär′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to bar out, + <p><b>Outbar</b>, owt-bär′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to bar out, esp. to shut out by fortifications.</p> - <p><b>Outbargain</b>, owt-bär′gin, <i>v.t.</i> to get the better of + <p><b>Outbargain</b>, owt-bär′gin, <i>v.t.</i> to get the better of in a bargain.</p> <p><b>Outbid</b>, owt-bid′, <i>v.t.</i> to offer a higher price @@ -9316,7 +9278,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Outfrown</b>, owt-frown′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) to frown down.</p> - <p><b>Outgarth</b>, owt′gärth, <i>n.</i> an outer yard or + <p><b>Outgarth</b>, owt′gärth, <i>n.</i> an outer yard or garden.</p> <p><b>Outgaze</b>, owt-gāz′, <i>v.t.</i> to stare out of @@ -9342,7 +9304,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Out′growth</span></b>, that which grows out of a thing: growth to excess.</p> - <p><b>Outguard</b>, owt′gärd, <i>n.</i> a guard at a distance or at + <p><b>Outguard</b>, owt′gärd, <i>n.</i> a guard at a distance or at the farthest distance from the main body.</p> <p><b>Outgush</b>, owt-gush′, <i>v.i.</i> to issue with @@ -9391,7 +9353,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> law: to deprive of the benefit of the law: to proscribe.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Out′lawry</span></b>, the act of putting a man out of the protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. - <i>útlaga</i>; cf. Ice. <i>útlági</i>—<i>út</i>, out, <i>lög</i>, + <i>útlaga</i>; cf. Ice. <i>útlági</i>—<i>út</i>, out, <i>lög</i>, law.]</p> <p><b>Outlay</b>, owt′lā, <i>n.</i> that which is laid out: @@ -9443,7 +9405,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Outmantle</b>, owt-man′tl, <i>v.t.</i> to excel in dress or ornament.</p> - <p><b>Outmarch</b>, owt-märch′, <i>v.t.</i> to march faster than: + <p><b>Outmarch</b>, owt-märch′, <i>v.t.</i> to march faster than: to leave behind by marching.</p> <p><b>Outmate</b>, owt-māt′, <i>v.t.</i> to outmatch.</p> @@ -9515,7 +9477,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> metal made by a smelting furnace, or of coal taken from a pit, within a certain time, production generally.</p> - <p><b>Outquarters</b>, owt-kwär′tėrz, <i>n.pl.</i> quarters + <p><b>Outquarters</b>, owt-kwär′tėrz, <i>n.pl.</i> quarters situated away from headquarters.</p> <p><b>Outquench</b>, owt-kwensh′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to @@ -9533,10 +9495,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>ultragium</i>—L. <i>ultra</i>, beyond.]</p> <p><b>Outrance</b>, owt′rans, <i>n.</i> the utmost extremity: the - bitter end.—<b>À outrance</b>, to the bitter end of a - combat—usually in Eng. use, <b>À l'outrance</b>. [Fr.]</p> + bitter end.—<b>À outrance</b>, to the bitter end of a + combat—usually in Eng. use, <b>À l'outrance</b>. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Outré</b>, ōōt-rā′, <i>adj.</i> beyond what + <p><b>Outré</b>, ōōt-rā′, <i>adj.</i> beyond what is customary or proper: extravagant: overstrained. [Fr. pa.p. of <i>outrer</i>—<i>outre</i>—L. <i>ultra</i>, beyond.]</p> @@ -9832,13 +9794,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ouvrage</b>, ōōv′razh, <i>n.</i> work.—<i>ns.</i> (<i>masc.</i>) <b>Ouvrier</b> <span class="nw">(ōōv′ri-ā),</span> (<i>fem.</i>) - <b>Ouvrière</b> <span + <b>Ouvrière</b> <span class="nw">(ōōv′ri-ār),</span> a working man or woman.—<i>adj.</i> working. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Ouzel</b>, ōō′zl, <i>n.</i> a kind of thrush—also <b><span class="nw">Ou′sel</span></b>. [A.S. - <i>ósle</i>; cog. with Ger. <i>amsel</i>.]</p> + <i>ósle</i>; cog. with Ger. <i>amsel</i>.]</p> <p><b>Oval</b>, ō′val, <i>adj.</i> having the shape of an egg.—<i>n.</i> anything oval, a plot of ground, &c.: an @@ -9897,7 +9859,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> opposite; <b>Over and above</b>, in addition to: besides; <b>Over and over</b>, several times: repeatedly; <b>Over head and ears</b>, beyond one's depth: completely; <b>Over seas</b>, to foreign lands.—All - over, completely: at an end. [A.S. <i>ofer</i>; Ger. <i>über</i>, L. + over, completely: at an end. [A.S. <i>ofer</i>; Ger. <i>über</i>, L. <i>super</i>, Gr. <i>huper</i>.]</p> <p><b>Overact</b>, ō-vėr-akt′, <i>v.t.</i> to act @@ -9915,7 +9877,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Over-anxī′ety</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Over-anx′iously</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Overarch</b>, ō-vėr-ärch′, <i>v.t.</i> to arch + <p><b>Overarch</b>, ō-vėr-ärch′, <i>v.t.</i> to arch over.—<i>v.i.</i> to hang over like an arch.</p> <p><b>Overawe</b>, ō-vėr-aw′, <i>v.t.</i> to restrain @@ -10023,7 +9985,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Overcatch</b>, ō-vėr-kach′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to overtake.</p> - <p><b>Overcharge</b>, ō-vėr-chärj′, <i>v.t.</i> to load + <p><b>Overcharge</b>, ō-vėr-chärj′, <i>v.t.</i> to load with too great a charge: to charge too great a price.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">O′vercharge</span></b>, an excessive load or burden: too great a charge, as of gunpowder or of price.</p> @@ -10162,7 +10124,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> propelled with immense force, esp. when the wind and tide, or current, set strongly together.</p> - <p><b>Overfar</b>, ō-vėr-fär′, <i>adv.</i> + <p><b>Overfar</b>, ō-vėr-fär′, <i>adv.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) to too great an extent.</p> <p><b>Overfast</b>, ō-vėr-fast′, <i>adj.</i> too fast: @@ -10209,7 +10171,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> excess.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Overfond′ly</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Overforward</b>, ō-vėr-for′wärd, <i>adj.</i> too + <p><b>Overforward</b>, ō-vėr-for′wärd, <i>adj.</i> too forward or officious.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Overfor′wardness</span></b>.</p> @@ -10534,7 +10496,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to exceed the picture of: to exaggerate.</p> <p><b>Overplate</b>, ō′vėr-plāt, <i>n.</i> in - armour, a large pauldron protecting the shoulder, or a cubitière + armour, a large pauldron protecting the shoulder, or a cubitière protecting the elbow.</p> <p><b>Overplus</b>, ō′vėr-plus, <i>n.</i> that which is @@ -10721,7 +10683,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Overslaugh</b>, ō-vėr-slaw′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>U.S.</i>) to pass over in favour of another: to supersede: to hinder: - to oppress. [Dut. <i>overslaan</i> (cf. Ger. <i>überschlagen</i>), to + to oppress. [Dut. <i>overslaan</i> (cf. Ger. <i>überschlagen</i>), to skip over.]</p> <p><b>Oversleep</b>, ō-vėr-slēp′, <i>v.t.</i> and @@ -10803,7 +10765,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>ouvrir</i>, to open; acc. to Diez, from O. Fr. <i>a-ovrir</i>, through Prov. <i>adubrir</i>, from L. <i>de-operīre</i>, to uncover—<i>de</i>=un-, and <i>operīre</i>, to cover; acc. to - Littré, from L. <i>operīre</i>, to cover, confounded in meaning + Littré, from L. <i>operīre</i>, to cover, confounded in meaning with <i>aperīre</i>, to open.]</p> <p><b>Overtake</b>, ō-vėr-tāk′, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -10866,7 +10828,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> introductory to a greater piece or ballet: a discovery or disclosure: the method in Presbyterian usage of beginning legislation and maturing opinion by sending some proposition from the presbyteries to the General - Assembly, and <i>vice versâ</i>, also the proposal so + Assembly, and <i>vice versâ</i>, also the proposal so sent.—<i>v.t.</i> to lay a proposal before. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Overturn</b>, ō-vėr-turn′, <i>v.t.</i> to throw @@ -10932,7 +10894,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> tire.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">O′verwork</span></b>, excess of work: excessive labour.</p> - <p><b>Overworn</b>, ō-vėr-wörn′, <i>adj.</i> worn out: + <p><b>Overworn</b>, ō-vėr-wörn′, <i>adj.</i> worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled by use: worn or rubbed till threadbare.</p> <p><b>Overwrest</b>, ō-vėr-rest′, <i>v.t.</i> @@ -10974,7 +10936,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [L. <i>ovum</i>, an egg, <i>gerĕre</i>, to bear.]</p> <p><b>Ovine</b>, ō′vīn, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the - <i>Ovinæ</i>, sheep-like.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + <i>Ovinæ</i>, sheep-like.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ovinā′tion</span></b>, inoculation of sheep with ovine virus against sheep-pox.</p> @@ -11031,8 +10993,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Owe</b>, ō, <i>v.t.</i> to possess or to be the owner of: to have what belongs to another: to be bound to pay: to be obliged for.—<i>v.i.</i> to be in debt.—<b>Be owing</b>, to be due or - ascribed (to). [A.S. <i>ágan</i>, pres. indic. <i>áh</i>, pret. - <i>áhte</i>, pa.p. <i>ágen</i>; Ice. <i>eiga</i>, Old High Ger. + ascribed (to). [A.S. <i>ágan</i>, pres. indic. <i>áh</i>, pret. + <i>áhte</i>, pa.p. <i>ágen</i>; Ice. <i>eiga</i>, Old High Ger. <i>eigan</i>, to possess.]</p> <p><b>Owelty</b>, ō′el-ti, <i>n.</i> equality. [O. Fr. @@ -11066,26 +11028,26 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Owl′spiegle</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Owl′ish</span></b>, like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Owl′ishness</span></b>. [A.S. <i>úle</i>; Ger. + class="nw">Owl′ishness</span></b>. [A.S. <i>úle</i>; Ger. <i>eule</i>, L. <i>ulula</i>; imit.]</p> <p><b>Own</b>, ōn, <i>v.t.</i> to grant: to allow to be true: - concede: acknowledge. [A.S. <i>unnan</i>, to grant; Ger. <i>gönnen</i>, + concede: acknowledge. [A.S. <i>unnan</i>, to grant; Ger. <i>gönnen</i>, to grant.]</p> <p><b>Own</b>, ōn, <i>v.t.</i> to possess: to be the rightful owner - of. [A.S. <i>ágnian</i>, with addition of casual - suffix—<i>ágen</i>, one's own; cf. <i>Own</i> (adj.).]</p> + of. [A.S. <i>ágnian</i>, with addition of casual + suffix—<i>ágen</i>, one's own; cf. <i>Own</i> (adj.).]</p> <p><b>Own</b>, ōn, <i>adj.</i> possessed: belonging to one's self and to no other: peculiar.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Own′er</span></b>, one who owns or possesses; <b><span class="nw">Own′ership</span></b>, state of being an owner: right of - possession. [A.S. <i>ágen</i>, pa.p. of <i>ágan</i>, to possess. Cf. + possession. [A.S. <i>ágen</i>, pa.p. of <i>ágan</i>, to possess. Cf. <i>Owe</i>.]</p> <p><b>Owre</b>, owr, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>). Same as <b>Aurochs</b>. - [A.S. <i>úr</i>.]</p> + [A.S. <i>úr</i>.]</p> <p><b>Owsen</b>, ow′sen, <i>n.pl.</i> a dialectic form of <i>oxen</i>.</p> @@ -11219,7 +11181,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">-field</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-park</span></b>, a place where oysters breed or are bred; <b><span class="nw">Oys′ter-catch′er</span></b>, the sea - pie—a sea wading bird of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark + pie—a sea wading bird of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; <b><span class="nw">Oys′ter-fish′ery</span></b>, the business of catching oysters; <b><span class="nw">Oys′ter-knife</span></b>, a @@ -11233,7 +11195,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Oys′ter-wench</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-wife</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-wom′an</span></b>, a woman who vends oysters. [O. Fr. - <i>oistre</i> (Fr. <i>huître</i>)—L. <i>ostrea</i>—Gr. + <i>oistre</i> (Fr. <i>huître</i>)—L. <i>ostrea</i>—Gr. <i>ostreon</i>, an oyster—<i>osteon</i>, a bone.]</p> <p><b>Ozocerite</b>, ō-zō-sē′rīt, <i>n.</i> @@ -11262,12 +11224,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> breath due to morbid causes. [Gr. <i>ozein</i>, to smell, <i>stoma</i>, the mouth.]</p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> <div class="figleft" style="width:5%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_P.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_P.png" - alt="P" title="P" /></a> + alt="P" title="P"></a> </div> <p>the sixteenth letter of our alphabet, its sound the sharp labial mute, interchanging with other labials, esp. with <i>b</i>, the flat labial @@ -11277,7 +11239,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="grk">π</span> denotes the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.—<b>Mind one's p's and q's</b> (see <b>Mind</b>).</p> - <p><b>Pa</b>, pä, <i>n.</i> papa, a child's name for father.</p> + <p><b>Pa</b>, pä, <i>n.</i> papa, a child's name for father.</p> <p><b>Pabouche</b>, pa-bōōsh′, <i>n.</i> a slipper.—Also <i>Baboosh</i>.</p> @@ -11334,7 +11296,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> which the skin becomes thick and warty.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pachyder′moid</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pachyē′mia</span></b>, a thickening of the - blood—also <b><span class="nw">Pachyæ′mia</span></b>; + blood—also <b><span class="nw">Pachyæ′mia</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Pachy′ma</span></b>, a genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now referred to the genus <i>Polyporus</i>—also <i>Tuckahoe</i>, <i>Tuckahoe @@ -11365,7 +11327,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pacif′ical</span></b>, pacific (obs. except in phrase <i>Letters pacifical</i>, letters recommending the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church—also <i>Letters of peace</i>, - <i>Pacificæ</i>).—<i>adv.</i> <b><span + <i>Pacificæ</i>).—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pacif′ically</span></b>.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pacif′icāte</span></b>, to give peace to.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -11553,7 +11515,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> or wallaby.—Also <b><span class="nw">Pad′ymelon</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pad′dymelon</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Padishah</b>, pä′di-sha, <i>n.</i> chief ruler: great king, a + <p><b>Padishah</b>, pä′di-sha, <i>n.</i> chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. <i>pād</i>, master, <i>shāh</i>, king; cf. <i>Pasha</i>.]</p> @@ -11568,7 +11530,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pad-nag</b>, pad′-nag, <i>n.</i> an ambling nag.</p> - <p><b>Padre</b>, pä′dre, <i>n.</i> father, a title given to priests + <p><b>Padre</b>, pä′dre, <i>n.</i> father, a title given to priests in some countries.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Padrō′ne</span></b>, a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who gets children to beg for him:—<i>pl.</i> @@ -11584,25 +11546,25 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> originally manufactured at <i>Padua</i>, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. <i>soie de Padoue</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pæan</b>, pē′an, <i>n.</i> a song of triumph: any + <p><b>Pæan</b>, pē′an, <i>n.</i> a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and - Ares.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pæ′on</span></b>, a foot + Ares.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pæ′on</span></b>, a foot of four syllables, one long, three short.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pæon′ic</span></b>. [L.,—Gr. <i>Paian</i> or + class="nw">Pæon′ic</span></b>. [L.,—Gr. <i>Paian</i> or <i>Paiōn</i>, an epithet of Apollo.]</p> - <p><b>Pædagogy</b>, <b>Pædagogics</b>, <b>Pædobaptism</b>, - <b>Pædobaptist</b>. See <b>Pedagogy</b>, <b>Pedagogics</b>, + <p><b>Pædagogy</b>, <b>Pædagogics</b>, <b>Pædobaptism</b>, + <b>Pædobaptist</b>. See <b>Pedagogy</b>, <b>Pedagogics</b>, <b>Pedobaptism</b>, <b>Pedobaptist</b>.</p> - <p><b>Pænula</b>, pē′nū-la, <i>n.</i> a chasuble, esp. + <p><b>Pænula</b>, pē′nū-la, <i>n.</i> a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy weather.</p> - <p><b>Pæonin</b>, pē′ō-nin, <i>n.</i> a red colouring + <p><b>Pæonin</b>, pē′ō-nin, <i>n.</i> a red colouring matter obtained from yellow coralline.</p> - <p><b>Pæony</b>, pē′o-ni, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Peony</b>.</p> + <p><b>Pæony</b>, pē′o-ni, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Peony</b>.</p> <p><b>Paff</b>, paf, <i>n.</i> a meaningless word, used with <i>piff</i> to indicate jargon.</p> @@ -11623,7 +11585,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> distinction: a young lad employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in walking.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Page′hood</span></b>, condition of a page. [Fr. - <i>page</i>; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. <i>pagensis</i>, a + <i>page</i>; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. <i>pagensis</i>, a peasant—L. <i>pagus</i>, a village; acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. <i>paggio</i>, from Gr. <i>paidion</i>, dim. of <i>pais</i>, <i>paidos</i>, a boy.]</p> @@ -11669,7 +11631,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> division of the territory larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred.</p> - <p><b>Pah</b>, pä, <i>interj.</i> an exclamation expressing contempt or + <p><b>Pah</b>, pä, <i>interj.</i> an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust.</p> <p><b>Pahlavi</b>. Same as <b>Pehlevi</b>.</p> @@ -11806,7 +11768,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pajamas</b>. See <b>Pyjamas</b>.</p> - <p><b>Pajock</b>, pä′jok, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>). Same as + <p><b>Pajock</b>, pä′jok, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>). Same as <b>Peacock</b>.</p> <p><b>Paktong</b>, pak′tong, <i>n.</i> the Chinese name for German @@ -11816,7 +11778,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pal</b>, pal, <i>n.</i> (<i>slang</i>) a partner, mate. [Gipsy.]</p> - <p><b>Palabra</b>, pa-lä′bra, <i>n.</i> talk, palaver. [Sp., a + <p><b>Palabra</b>, pa-lä′bra, <i>n.</i> talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.]</p> <p><b>Palace</b>, pal′ās, <i>n.</i> the house of a king or a @@ -11831,94 +11793,94 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.,—It. <i>paladino</i>—L. <i>palatinus</i>, belonging to the palace. Cf. <i>Palatine</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Palæarctic</b>, pā-lē-ark′tik, <i>adj.</i> - pertaining to the northern part of the Old World.—<b>Palæarctic + <p><b>Palæarctic</b>, pā-lē-ark′tik, <i>adj.</i> + pertaining to the northern part of the Old World.—<b>Palæarctic region</b>, a great division embracing Europe, Africa north of the Atlas, and Asia north of the Himalaya.</p> - <p><b>Palæichthyology</b>, pā-lē-ik-thī-ol′o-ji, + <p><b>Palæichthyology</b>, pā-lē-ik-thī-ol′o-ji, <i>n.</i> the branch of ichthyology which treats of fossil fishes.</p> - <p><b>Palæobotany</b>, pā-lē-ō-bot′a-ni, + <p><b>Palæobotany</b>, pā-lē-ō-bot′a-ni, <i>n.</i> the science or study of fossil plants.—<i>adj.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Palæobotan′ical</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Palæobot′anist</span></b>.</p> + <b><span class="nw">Palæobotan′ical</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Palæobot′anist</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Palæocrystic</b>, pā-lē-ō-kris′tik, + <p><b>Palæocrystic</b>, pā-lē-ō-kris′tik, <i>adj.</i> consisting of ancient ice.</p> - <p><b>Palæography</b>, <b>Paleography</b>, <span + <p><b>Palæography</b>, <b>Paleography</b>, <span class="nw">pā-lē-og′ra-fi,</span> <i>n.</i> ancient modes of writing: study of ancient writings and modes of writing.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæog′rapher</span></b>, one skilled in - palæography.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæograph′ic</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Palæog′rapher</span></b>, one skilled in + palæography.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Palæograph′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>, of or pertaining to - palæography.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæog′raphist</span></b>. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, + palæography.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Palæog′raphist</span></b>. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>graphein</i>, to write.]</p> - <p><b>Palæolithic</b>, pā-lē-ō-lith′ik, + <p><b>Palæolithic</b>, pā-lē-ō-lith′ik, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to the time when early stone implements were used: the first half of the stone age.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæol′ith</span></b>, a rude stone implement or object + class="nw">Palæol′ith</span></b>, a rude stone implement or object of the earlier stone age. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>lithos</i>, a stone.]</p> - <p><b>Palæology</b>, pā-lē-ol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> a - discourse or treatise on antiquities: archæology.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Palæol′ogist</span></b>, one versed in - palæology: a student of antiquity. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, + <p><b>Palæology</b>, pā-lē-ol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> a + discourse or treatise on antiquities: archæology.—<i>n.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Palæol′ogist</span></b>, one versed in + palæology: a student of antiquity. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>logia</i>, discourse.]</p> - <p><b>Palæontography</b>, pā-lē-on-tog′ra-fi, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Palæontography</b>, pā-lē-on-tog′ra-fi, <i>n.</i> the description of fossil remains.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæontograph′ical</span></b>, pertaining to - palæontography. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>onta</i>, existences, + class="nw">Palæontograph′ical</span></b>, pertaining to + palæontography. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>onta</i>, existences, <i>graphein</i>, to write.]</p> - <p><b>Palæontology</b>, pā-lē-on-tol′ō-ji, + <p><b>Palæontology</b>, pā-lē-on-tol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> the science of the ancient life of the earth: description of - fossil remains: archæology.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæontolog′ical</span></b>, belonging to - palæontology.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæontol′ogist</span></b>, one versed in palæontology. + fossil remains: archæology.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Palæontolog′ical</span></b>, belonging to + palæontology.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Palæontol′ogist</span></b>, one versed in palæontology. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>onta</i>, existences, <i>logia</i>, discourse.]</p> - <p><b>Palæophytology</b>, + <p><b>Palæophytology</b>, pā-lē-ō-fī-tol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> - palæobotany.</p> + palæobotany.</p> - <p><b>Palæosaurus</b>, pā-lē-ō-saw′rus, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Palæosaurus</b>, pā-lē-ō-saw′rus, <i>n.</i> a genus of fossil saurian reptiles belonging to the Permian period. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>sauros</i>, lizard.]</p> - <p><b>Palæotherium</b>, pā-lē-ō-thē′ri-um, + <p><b>Palæotherium</b>, pā-lē-ō-thē′ri-um, <i>n.</i> a genus of fossil pachydermatous mammalia in the Eocene beds. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>thērion</i>, a wild beast.]</p> - <p><b>Palæozoic</b>, pā-lē-ō-zō′ik, + <p><b>Palæozoic</b>, pā-lē-ō-zō′ik, <i>adj.</i> denoting the lowest division of the fossiliferous rocks, so called because they contain the earliest forms of life. [Gr. <i>palaios</i>, ancient, <i>zoē</i>, life.]</p> - <p><b>Palæozoology</b>, + <p><b>Palæozoology</b>, pā-lē-ō-zō-ol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> geologic zoology.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palæozoolog′ic</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Palæozoolog′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Palætiology</b>, pā-lē-ti-ol′ō-ji, + <p><b>Palætiology</b>, pā-lē-ti-ol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> the science which explains past conditions by the law of causation.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palætiolog′ical</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Palætiol′ogist</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Palætiolog′ical</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Palætiol′ogist</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Palama</b>, pal′a-ma, <i>n.</i> the webbing of the toes of a bird:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pal′amæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Pal′amæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pal′amāte</span></b>. [Gr. <i>palamē</i>.]</p> @@ -12013,10 +11975,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pallidus</i>, pale.]</p> <p><b>Palea</b>, pā′lē-a, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) a - chaffy bract at the base of the florets in many <i>Compositæ</i>, also + chaffy bract at the base of the florets in many <i>Compositæ</i>, also one of the inner scales of a grass-flower opposite the flowering glume: the throat-wattle, as in turkeys:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pā′leæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Pā′leæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paleā′ceous</span></b> (<i>bot.</i>), resembling, consisting of, or furnished with chaff: chaffy. [L. <i>palea</i>, chaff.]</p> @@ -12064,7 +12026,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>veredus</i>, a post-horse—L. <i>vehĕre</i>, to draw, <i>rheda</i>, a carriage.]</p> - <p><b>Pali</b>, pä′lē, <i>n.</i> the sacred language of the + <p><b>Pali</b>, pä′lē, <i>n.</i> the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern India, closely allied to Sanskrit.</p> <p><b>Palillogy</b>, pā-lil′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> a @@ -12120,7 +12082,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Palisander</b>, pal-i-san′dėr, <i>n.</i> rosewood. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Palissée</b>, pal-i-sā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) + <p><b>Palissée</b>, pal-i-sā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) battlemented, the indentations pointing both up and down. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Palkee</b>, pal′kē, <i>n.</i> a @@ -12130,12 +12092,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pall</b>, pawl, <i>n.</i> a cloak or mantle, an outer garment: a chalice-cover: (<i>her.</i>) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses - <i>patté fitché</i>, as in the arms of the see of + <i>patté fitché</i>, as in the arms of the see of Canterbury—sometimes reversed: a pallium (q.v.): a curtain or covering: the cloth over a coffin at a funeral: that which brings deep sorrow.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pall′-bear′er</span></b>, one of the mourners at a - funeral who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. <i>pæll</i>, + funeral who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. <i>pæll</i>, purple cloth—L. <i>palla</i>, a mantle; cf. <i>Pallium</i>, a cloak.]</p> @@ -12214,7 +12176,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> ball was driven through an iron ring with a mallet: an alley where the game used to be played, hence the street in London.—<i>adv.</i> in pall-mall fashion. [O. Fr. <i>pale-maille</i>—Old It. - <i>palamaglio</i>—<i>palla</i>—Old High Ger. <i>pallá</i> + <i>palamaglio</i>—<i>palla</i>—Old High Ger. <i>pallá</i> (Ger. <i>ball</i>, Eng. <i>ball</i>), and <i>maglio</i>—L. <i>malleus</i>, a hammer.]</p> @@ -12222,7 +12184,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> measurement of artificial vibrations in the earth's surface. [Gr. <i>pallein</i>, to shake, <i>metron</i>, a measure.]</p> - <p><b>Pallone</b>, päl-lō′nā, <i>n.</i> a game like + <p><b>Pallone</b>, päl-lō′nā, <i>n.</i> a game like tennis played with a ball, which is struck by the arm covered by a guard. [It.]</p> @@ -12230,7 +12192,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pallid or pale: paleness. [L.,—<i>pallēre</i>, to be pale.]</p> - <p><b>Palm</b>, päm, <i>n.</i> the inner part of the hand: a measure of + <p><b>Palm</b>, päm, <i>n.</i> the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to the breadth of the hand, or to its length from wrist to finger-tip: a measure of 3 and sometimes of 4 inches: that which covers the palm: the fluke of an anchor: the flattened portion of an @@ -12252,7 +12214,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> open palm; <b>Palmed</b>, having palms. [Fr. <i>paume</i>—L. <i>palma</i>, the palm of the hand; Gr. <i>palamē</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Palm</b>, päm, <i>n.</i> a tropical, branchless tree of many + <p><b>Palm</b>, päm, <i>n.</i> a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand: a leaf of this tree borne in token of rejoicing or of victory: (<i>fig.</i>) triumph or victory.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -12283,7 +12245,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> victorious.—<b>Palma Christi</b>, the castor-oil plant. [A.S. from L., as above.]</p> - <p><b>Palmer</b>, päm′ėr, <i>n.</i> a pilgrim from the Holy + <p><b>Palmer</b>, päm′ėr, <i>n.</i> a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by his carrying a branch of palm: a cheat at cards or dice.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pal′merin</span></b>, any medieval knightly hero, from the Palmerin romances, the original hero @@ -12308,12 +12270,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (-ēz). [L. <i>palma</i>, palm of the hand, <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, the foot.]</p> - <p><b>Palmist</b>, pal′mist, or pä′mist, <i>n.</i> one who + <p><b>Palmist</b>, pal′mist, or pä′mist, <i>n.</i> one who tells fortunes by the lines and marks of the palm—also <b><span class="nw">Pal′mister</span></b> (or <span - class="nw">pä′-).</span>—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">pä′-).</span>—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pal′mistry</span></b> (or <span - class="nw">pä′-),</span> the practice of telling fortunes by the + class="nw">pä′-),</span> the practice of telling fortunes by the lines, &c., of the palm.</p> <p><b>Palmyra</b>, pal-mī′ra, <i>n.</i> an East Indian palm @@ -12327,7 +12289,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Palp</b>, palp, <i>n.</i> a jointed sensiferous organ attached in pairs to the labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from - antennæ, which are on the top of the head—also <b><span + antennæ, which are on the top of the head—also <b><span class="nw">Pal′pus</span></b>:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pal′pi</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pal′pal</span></b>; <b>Palped</b>; <b><span @@ -12378,7 +12340,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Palstaff</b>, pal′staf, <i>n.</i> an old Celtic and Scandinavian weapon—a wedge of stone or metal fixed by a tongue in - a staff. [Dan.,—Ice. <i>pálstafr</i>.]</p> + a staff. [Dan.,—Ice. <i>pálstafr</i>.]</p> <p><b>Palsy</b>, pawl′zi, <i>n.</i> a loss of power or of feeling, more or less complete, in the muscles of the body: @@ -12489,14 +12451,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Panache</b>, pa-nash′, <i>n.</i> a plume of feathers, used as a head-dress. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Panada</b>, pa-nä′da, <i>n.</i> a dish made by boiling bread + <p><b>Panada</b>, pa-nä′da, <i>n.</i> a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, with sweetening and flavour: a batter for forcemeats. [Sp.]</p> - <p><b>Panæsthesia</b>, pan-es-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> common + <p><b>Panæsthesia</b>, pan-es-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> common sensation, as distinct from special sensations or sense-perceptions.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pansæs′thetism</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Pansæs′thetism</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Panagia</b>, pa-nā′ji-a, <i>n.</i> an epithet of the Virgin in the Eastern Church: an ornament worn hanging on the breast by @@ -12516,17 +12478,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Panaritium</b>, pan-a-rish′i-um, <i>n.</i> suppurative inflammation in a finger—same as <i>whitlow</i>.</p> - <p><b>Panarthritis</b>, pan-är-thrī′tis, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Panarthritis</b>, pan-är-thrī′tis, <i>n.</i> inflammation involving all the structures of a joint.</p> <p><b>Panary</b>, pan′a-ri, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to bread.—<i>n.</i> a storehouse for bread: a pantry. [L. <i>panis</i>, bread.]</p> - <p><b>Panathenæa</b>, pan-ath-ē-nē′a, <i>n.pl.</i> the + <p><b>Panathenæa</b>, pan-ath-ē-nē′a, <i>n.pl.</i> the chief national festival of ancient Athens—the lesser held annually, the greater every fourth year.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Panathenæ′an</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Panathenæ′an</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Panathenā′ic</span></b>. [Gr.]</p> <p><b>Panax</b>, pa-naks′, <i>n.</i> a genus of shrubs with @@ -12541,7 +12503,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Panch</b>, panch, <i>n.</i> a thick mat made of strands of rope, used in ships in places to prevent chafing.—Also <b>Paunch</b>.</p> - <p><b>Panchatantra</b>, pan-chä-tänt′rä, <i>n.</i> the oldest + <p><b>Panchatantra</b>, pan-chä-tänt′rä, <i>n.</i> the oldest extant collection of apologues and stories in Sanskrit literature, arranged in five books.</p> @@ -12580,7 +12542,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Chitwah</i>, or <i>Red bear-cat</i>.</p> <p><b>Pandanus</b>, pan-dā′nus, <i>n.</i> the screw-pipe, the - typical genus of the <i>Pandaneæ</i>. [Malay.]</p> + typical genus of the <i>Pandaneæ</i>. [Malay.]</p> <p><b>Pandation</b>, pan-dā′shun, <i>n.</i> a yielding or warping. [L. <i>pandāre</i>, to bend.]</p> @@ -12899,7 +12861,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> exhibition room. [Gr. <i>pas</i>, <i>pan</i>, all, <i>horaein</i>, fut. <i>opsesthai</i>, to see.]</p> - <p><b>Panorama</b>, pan-ō-rä′ma, <i>n.</i> a wide or complete + <p><b>Panorama</b>, pan-ō-rä′ma, <i>n.</i> a wide or complete view: a picture giving views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -12952,7 +12914,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> this.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pansper′mic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pas</i>, <i>pan</i>, all, <i>sperma</i>, seed.]</p> - <p><b>Panstereorama</b>, pan-ster-ē-ō-rä′ma, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Panstereorama</b>, pan-ster-ē-ō-rä′ma, <i>n.</i> a model showing every part in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr. <i>pas</i>, <i>pan</i>, all, <i>stereos</i>, solid, <i>horama</i>, a view.]</p> @@ -12962,7 +12924,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Heart's-ease</i>, <i>Love-in-idleness</i>:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pan′sies</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pan′sied</span></b>. [Fr. - <i>pensée</i>—<i>penser</i>, to think—L. + <i>pensée</i>—<i>penser</i>, to think—L. <i>pensāre</i>, to weigh.]</p> <p><b>Pant</b>, pant, <i>v.i.</i> to breathe hard and quickly: to show @@ -13048,7 +13010,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Panther</b>, pan′thėr, <i>n.</i> a fierce, spotted, carnivorous quadruped of Asia and Africa:—<i>fem.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pan′theress</span></b>. [Fr. - <i>panthère</i>—L.,—Gr. <i>panthēr</i>.]</p> + <i>panthère</i>—L.,—Gr. <i>panthēr</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pantile</b>, pan′tīl, <i>n.</i> a tile with a curved surface, convex or concave with reference to its width: a tile whose @@ -13155,7 +13117,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pap</b>, pap, <i>n.</i> a nipple or teat: a woman's breast: a round conical hill, as the <i>Paps</i> of Jura.</p> - <p><b>Papa</b>, pa-pä′, or pä′pa, <i>n.</i> father: a bishop: + <p><b>Papa</b>, pa-pä′, or pä′pa, <i>n.</i> father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek Church. [Imit.]</p> <p><b>Papacy</b>, pā′pa-si, <i>n.</i> the office of the Pope: @@ -13173,7 +13135,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pā′parchy</span></b>, papal government. [Low L. <i>papatia</i>—<i>papa</i>, a father.]</p> - <p><b>Papain</b>, pä′pa-in, <i>n.</i> a nitrogenous body, isolated + <p><b>Papain</b>, pä′pa-in, <i>n.</i> a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of the papaw, one of the digestive ferments applied in some cases of dyspepsia, either internally or for the predigestion of food.</p> @@ -13321,13 +13283,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Paphos</i> in Cyprus, sacred to Aphrodite: lascivious.—<i>n.</i> a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a whore.</p> - <p><b>Papier-mâché</b>, pap′yā-mä′shā, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Papier-mâché</b>, pap′yā-mä′shā, <i>n.</i> a material consisting either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) somewhat resembles plaster. [Fr. - <i>papier</i>—L. <i>papyrus</i>; <i>mâché</i> is pa.p. of Fr. - <i>mâcher</i>, to chew—L. <i>masticāre</i>, to + <i>papier</i>—L. <i>papyrus</i>; <i>mâché</i> is pa.p. of Fr. + <i>mâcher</i>, to chew—L. <i>masticāre</i>, to masticate.]</p> <p><b>Papilionaceous</b>, pa-pil-yo-nā′shus, <i>adj.</i> @@ -13339,11 +13301,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> on the skin, esp. on the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in which the nerves terminate: (<i>bot.</i>) a nipple-like protuberance:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Papill′æ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Papill′æ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pap′illar</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pap′illary</span></b>, like a papilla, provided with - papillæ; <b><span class="nw">Pap′illāte</span></b>, formed - into a papilla, studded with papillæ.—<i>v.i.</i> and <i>v.t.</i> + papillæ; <b><span class="nw">Pap′illāte</span></b>, formed + into a papilla, studded with papillæ.—<i>v.i.</i> and <i>v.t.</i> to become a papilla, to cover with such.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Papillif′erous</span></b>, papillate: bearing one or more fleshy excrescences; <b><span @@ -13354,7 +13316,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> formed by the hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, &c.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Papillom′atous</span></b>; <b><span - class="nw">Pap′illōse</span></b>, full of papillæ, + class="nw">Pap′illōse</span></b>, full of papillæ, warty—also <b><span class="nw">Pap′illous</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Papill′ūlate</span></b>, finely papillose.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -13400,7 +13362,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pap′ūlous</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pap′ūla</span></b>, a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pap′ūlæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Pap′ūlæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pap′ūlar</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Papūlā′tion</span></b>, the development of papules; <b><span class="nw">Pap′ūle</span></b>, a @@ -13427,7 +13389,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Papyrog′raphy</span></b>. [L.—Gr. <i>papyros</i>, prob. Egyptian.]</p> - <p><b>Par</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> state of equality: equal value, the norm or + <p><b>Par</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price marked on them—i.e. without <i>premium</i> or <i>discount</i>: equality of condition.—<i>v.t.</i> to fix an @@ -13438,9 +13400,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> nominal value; <b>Nominal par</b>, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is known. [L. <i>par</i>, equal.]</p> - <p><b>Par</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Parr</b>.</p> + <p><b>Par</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Parr</b>.</p> - <p><b>Para</b>, pa-rä′, <i>n.</i> a coin of copper, silver, or + <p><b>Para</b>, pa-rä′, <i>n.</i> a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about <span class="spp">1</span>⁄<span class="suu">18</span>th of a penny in Turkey and <span @@ -13533,7 +13495,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> apparatus like an umbrella for descending safely from a balloon.—<i>v.t.</i> and <i>v.i.</i> to descend by means of such.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′achutist</span></b>. - [Fr., for <i>par' à chute</i>, from Fr. <i>parer</i>—L. + [Fr., for <i>par' à chute</i>, from Fr. <i>parer</i>—L. <i>parāre</i>, to prepare, <i>chute</i>, a fall—L. <i>cadĕre</i>.]</p> @@ -13645,7 +13607,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Paradoxū′rine</span></b>, having a paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail.</p> - <p><b>Paræsthesia</b>, par-es-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> abnormal + <p><b>Paræsthesia</b>, par-es-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> abnormal sensation. [Gr. <i>para</i>, beyond, <i>aisthēsis</i>, sensation.]</p> @@ -13694,7 +13656,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Paraglossa</b>, par-a-glos′a, <i>n.</i> one of the two appendages of the ligula in insects.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paragloss′al</span></b>; <b><span - class="nw">Paragloss′ate</span></b>, provided with paraglossæ. [Gr. + class="nw">Paragloss′ate</span></b>, provided with paraglossæ. [Gr. <i>para</i>, beside, <i>glōssa</i>, the tongue.]</p> <p><b>Paragnathous</b>, par-ag′nā-thus, <i>adj.</i> having @@ -13730,7 +13692,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> beside, <i>gramma</i>, something written, <i>graphein</i>, to write.]</p> <p><b>Paragraph</b>, par′a-graf, <i>n.</i> a distinct part of a - discourse or writing marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at + discourse or writing marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences with unity of purpose.—<i>v.t.</i> to form into paragraphs.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -13739,7 +13701,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> esp. for newspapers.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paragraph′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Paragraph′ically</span></b>. [The mark ¶ is the reversed + class="nw">Paragraph′ically</span></b>. [The mark ¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., from Gr. <i>paragraphos</i>—<i>para</i>, beside, <i>graphein</i>, to write.]</p> @@ -13792,7 +13754,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Parallelis′tic</span></b>, of the nature of, or involving, parallelism.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′allelly</span></b>.—<b>Parallel bars</b>, a - pair of bars securely fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ + pair of bars securely fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in gymnastics to strengthen the arms; <b>Parallel forces</b>, forces which act in parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of moments; <b>Parallel @@ -13919,7 +13881,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Paranthelion</b>, par-an-thē′li-on, <i>n.</i> a diffuse whitish image of the sun, having the same altitude, at an angular - distance of about 120°—due to reflection from atmospheric + distance of about 120°—due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr. <i>para</i>, beside, <i>anti</i>, against, <i>hēlios</i>, the sun.]</p> @@ -14053,12 +14015,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> northern temperate realm of the waters of the globe.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pararctā′lian</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Pararthria</b>, pa-rär′thri-ä, <i>n.</i> disordered + <p><b>Pararthria</b>, pa-rär′thri-ä, <i>n.</i> disordered articulation of speech. [Gr. <i>para</i>, beside, <i>arthron</i>, a joint.]</p> <p><b>Parasang</b>, par′a-sang, <i>n.</i> a Persian measure of - length, containing 30 stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr. + length, containing 30 stadia, equal to about 3¾ miles. [Gr. <i>parasangēs</i>—Pers. <i>farsang</i>.]</p> <p><b>Parascenium</b>, par-a-sē′ni-um, <i>n.</i> in the Greek @@ -14079,7 +14041,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Paraselene</b>, par-a-se-lē′nē, <i>n.</i> a mock moon, seen in connection with a lunar rainbow (cf. <i>Parahelion</i>):—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Paraselē′næ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Paraselē′næ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paraselen′ic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>para</i>, beside, <i>selēnē</i>, the moon.]</p> @@ -14135,27 +14097,27 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [O. Fr. <i>par aval</i>, below—L. <i>per</i>, through, <i>ad</i>, to, <i>vallem</i>, a valley.]</p> - <p><b>Paravant</b>, <b>Paravaunt</b>, par′a-vänt, <i>adv.</i> + <p><b>Paravant</b>, <b>Paravaunt</b>, par′a-vänt, <i>adv.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) in front, first, beforehand. [O. Fr. <i>paravant</i>—<i>par</i>, through, <i>avant</i>, before—L. <i>ab</i>, from, <i>ante</i>, before.]</p> - <p><b>Parbake</b>, pär′bāk, <i>v.t.</i> to bake partially. + <p><b>Parbake</b>, pär′bāk, <i>v.t.</i> to bake partially. [Formed on analogy of <i>parboil</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Parboil</b>, pär′boil, <i>v.t.</i> to boil slightly or in + <p><b>Parboil</b>, pär′boil, <i>v.t.</i> to boil slightly or in part—as if from <i>part</i> and <i>boil</i>.</p> - <p><b>Parbreak</b>, pär′brāk, <i>v.t.</i> or <i>v.i.</i> + <p><b>Parbreak</b>, pär′brāk, <i>v.t.</i> or <i>v.i.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to throw out, to vomit.—<i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) vomit. [Fr. <i>par</i>—L. <i>per</i>, through, and <i>break</i>.]</p> <div class="figright" style="width:18%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Parbuckle.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Parbuckle.png" - alt="Parbuckle." title="Parbuckle." /></a> + alt="Parbuckle." title="Parbuckle."></a> </div> - <p><b>Parbuckle</b>, pär′buk'l, <i>n.</i> a purchase made by + <p><b>Parbuckle</b>, pär′buk'l, <i>n.</i> a purchase made by looping a rope in the middle to aid in rolling casks up or down an incline, or in furling a sail by rolling the yards: a sling made by passing both ends of a rope through its bight.—<i>v.t.</i> to hoist @@ -14164,9 +14126,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">par′buckled.</span> [Prob. L. <i>par</i>, equal, and <i>buckle</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Parcæ</b>, pär′sē, <i>n.pl.</i> the Fates.</p> + <p><b>Parcæ</b>, pär′sē, <i>n.pl.</i> the Fates.</p> - <p><b>Parcel</b>, pär′sel, <i>n.</i> a little part: a portion: a + <p><b>Parcel</b>, pär′sel, <i>n.</i> a little part: a portion: a quantity, as of single articles: a number forming a group or a lot: a package.—<i>v.t.</i> to divide into portions:—<i>pr.p.</i> <span class="nw">par′celling;</span> <i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> @@ -14187,7 +14149,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> co-heirship.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′cener</span></b>, a co-heir.</p> - <p><b>Parch</b>, pärch, <i>v.t.</i> to burn slightly: to + <p><b>Parch</b>, pärch, <i>v.t.</i> to burn slightly: to scorch.—<i>v.i.</i> to be scorched: to become very dry.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Parched</b>, scorched.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Parch′edly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -14195,26 +14157,26 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> variety of <i>per(s)chen</i>=<i>peris(c)hen</i>, to kill, or from <i>perchen</i>, to pierce.]</p> - <p><b>Parchment</b>, pärch′ment, <i>n.</i> the skin of a sheep or + <p><b>Parchment</b>, pärch′ment, <i>n.</i> the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on.—<b>Parchment paper</b>, or <b>Vegetable parchment</b> (see <b>Paper</b>).—<b>Virgin parchment</b>, a fine kind of parchment made from the skins of new-born lambs or kids. [Fr. <i>parchemin</i>—L. <i>pergamena</i> (<i>charta</i>, paper)—from Gr. <i>Pergamos</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pard</b>, pärd, <i>n.</i> (<i>slang</i>) a partner, mate.</p> + <p><b>Pard</b>, pärd, <i>n.</i> (<i>slang</i>) a partner, mate.</p> - <p><b>Pard</b>, pärd, <i>n.</i> the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any + <p><b>Pard</b>, pärd, <i>n.</i> the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any spotted animal.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pard′ale</span></b> (<i>Spens.</i>). [L. <i>pardus</i>—Gr. <i>pardos</i>, the panther, the leopard.]</p> - <p><b>Pardieu</b>, pär′dū, <b>Pardi</b>, <b>Pardy</b>, <span - class="nw">pär′di,</span> <i>adv.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) in truth: + <p><b>Pardieu</b>, pär′dū, <b>Pardi</b>, <b>Pardy</b>, <span + class="nw">pär′di,</span> <i>adv.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) in truth: certainly. [Fr., by God—<i>par</i>—L. <i>per</i>, through, by, <i>Dieu</i>—L. <i>deus</i>, God.]</p> - <p><b>Pardon</b>, pär′don, <i>v.t.</i> to forgive, said either of + <p><b>Pardon</b>, pär′don, <i>v.t.</i> to forgive, said either of an offender or of a crime: to pass by without punishment or blame: to set free from punishment: to let off without doing something.—<i>n.</i> forgiveness, either of an offender or of his offence: remission of a @@ -14233,7 +14195,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>perdonāre</i>—L. <i>per</i>, through, away, <i>donāre</i>, to give.]</p> - <p><b>Pardy</b>, pär′di, <i>adv.</i> A form of <i>pardieu</i>.</p> + <p><b>Pardy</b>, pär′di, <i>adv.</i> A form of <i>pardieu</i>.</p> <p><b>Pare</b>, pār, <i>v.t.</i> to cut or shave off: to trim, or to remove by cutting: to diminish by littles.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -14259,7 +14221,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (<i>rhet.</i>) an inserted phrase modifying or explaining the thought of the sentence—closer to the context than a parenthesis. [Gr.]</p> - <p><b>Parenchyma</b>, pa-reng′ki-mä, <i>n.</i> the soft cellular + <p><b>Parenchyma</b>, pa-reng′ki-mä, <i>n.</i> the soft cellular tissue of glandular and other organs, as the pith in plants or the pulp in fruits.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Parench′ymal</span></b>, <b><span @@ -14312,20 +14274,20 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Paret′ic</span></b>. [Gr., <i>parienai</i>, to relax.]</p> - <p><b>Parfay</b>, pär-fā′, <i>interj.</i> by or in faith. + <p><b>Parfay</b>, pär-fā′, <i>interj.</i> by or in faith. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Parfilage</b>, pär′fi-lāj, <i>n.</i> the unravelling of + <p><b>Parfilage</b>, pär′fi-lāj, <i>n.</i> the unravelling of woven fabrics, to save gold or silver threads. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Parfleche</b>, pär-flesh′, <i>n.</i> rawhide of buffalo-skin + <p><b>Parfleche</b>, pär-flesh′, <i>n.</i> rawhide of buffalo-skin stripped of hair and dried on a stretcher: a wallet, tent, &c. of such material. [Canadian Fr.,—Ind.]</p> - <p><b>Pargasite</b>, pär′ga-sīt, <i>n.</i> a dark-green + <p><b>Pargasite</b>, pär′ga-sīt, <i>n.</i> a dark-green crystallised variety of amphibole or hornblende.</p> - <p><b>Parget</b>, pär′jet, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) the plaster of + <p><b>Parget</b>, pär′jet, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) the plaster of a wall: paint.—<i>v.t.</i> to plaster: to paint.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′geter</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Par′geting</span></b>, <b><span @@ -14347,7 +14309,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> his caste: an outcast. [Tamil.]</p> <p><b>Parian</b>, pā′ri-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to or - found in the island of <i>Paros</i>, in the Ægean Sea.—<i>n.</i> an + found in the island of <i>Paros</i>, in the Ægean Sea.—<i>n.</i> an inhabitant of Paros: a fine porcelain for statuettes, resembling marble.—<b>Parian marble</b>, a fine marble found in Paros, much used by the ancients for statues.</p> @@ -14396,9 +14358,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Parity</b>, par′i-ti, <i>n.</i> state of being equal in rank, position, quality, &c.: resemblance: analogy. [Fr. - <i>parité</i>—L. <i>paritas</i>—<i>par</i>, equal.]</p> + <i>parité</i>—L. <i>paritas</i>—<i>par</i>, equal.]</p> - <p><b>Park</b>, pärk, <i>n.</i> an enclosed piece of land for a special + <p><b>Park</b>, pärk, <i>n.</i> an enclosed piece of land for a special purpose, as for wild beasts: a grass field: a tract of land surrounding a mansion: a piece of ground enclosed for recreation: (<i>mil.</i>) a space in an encampment occupied by the artillery; hence, a collection of @@ -14407,7 +14369,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Park′er</span></b>, the keeper of a park. [A.S. <i>pearroc</i>, prob. modified by Fr. <i>parc</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Parlance</b>, pär′lans, <i>n.</i> speaking: conversation: + <p><b>Parlance</b>, pär′lans, <i>n.</i> speaking: conversation: peculiar manner of conversation.—<i>adj.</i> and <i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Parlan′do</span></b>, declamatory in style: in recitative.—<i>v.i.</i> <b>Parle</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), to @@ -14418,7 +14380,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> conference with an enemy in war. [Fr. <i>parler</i>—L. <i>parabola</i>—Gr. <i>parabolē</i>, a parable, word.]</p> - <p><b>Parliament</b>, pär′li-ment, <i>n.</i> a meeting for + <p><b>Parliament</b>, pär′li-ment, <i>n.</i> a meeting for deliberation: the supreme legislature of Great Britain, also of some of her colonies: in France, down to the Revolution, one of certain superior and final courts of judicature, in which also the edicts of the king were @@ -14438,13 +14400,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> received the formal royal assent. [Fr. <i>parlement</i>—<i>parler</i>, to speak.]</p> - <p><b>Parlour</b>, pär′lur, <i>n.</i> an ordinary family + <p><b>Parlour</b>, pär′lur, <i>n.</i> an ordinary family sitting-room: a room for receiving guests in.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′lour-board′er</span></b>, a pupil at a boarding-school who enjoys particular privileges. [Fr., <i>parloir</i>—<i>parler</i>, to speak.]</p> - <p><b>Parlous</b>, pär′lus, <i>adj.</i> perilous, venturesome, + <p><b>Parlous</b>, pär′lus, <i>adj.</i> perilous, venturesome, notable.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′lously</span></b>. [<i>Perilous.</i>]</p> @@ -14459,7 +14421,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Parnass′ian</span></b>.—<b>Grass of Parnassus</b>, a plant with beautiful white or yellowish flowers.</p> - <p><b>Parnellism</b>, pär′nel-izm, <i>n.</i> the plans and methods + <p><b>Parnellism</b>, pär′nel-izm, <i>n.</i> the plans and methods of agitation used by Charles Stewart <i>Parnell</i> (1846-91) for the purpose of promoting 'Home Rule' for Ireland.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′nellite</span></b>, one of the followers of C. S. @@ -14551,9 +14513,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:12%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Parquetry.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Parquetry.png" - alt="Parquetry." title="Parquetry." /></a> + alt="Parquetry." title="Parquetry."></a> </div> - <p><b>Parquet</b>, pär-ket′, <i>n.</i> the part of the floor of a + <p><b>Parquet</b>, pär-ket′, <i>n.</i> the part of the floor of a theatre, &c., behind the musicians' seats, but not under the gallery: the pit or the whole of the floor of a theatre: parquetry.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -14561,7 +14523,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> floors. [Fr. <i>parquet</i>, an inlaid floor, dim. of <i>parc</i>, an enclosure.]</p> - <p><b>Parr</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> a young salmon.</p> + <p><b>Parr</b>, pär, <i>n.</i> a young salmon.</p> <p><b>Parrakeet</b>, par′a-kēt, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Paroquet</b>.</p> @@ -14575,7 +14537,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Parricid′al</span></b>, pertaining to, or committing, parricide. [Fr.,—L. <i>parricida</i> (for <i>patri-cida</i>)—<i>pater</i>, <i>patris</i>, father, - <i>cædĕre</i>, to slay.]</p> + <i>cædĕre</i>, to slay.]</p> <p><b>Parrot</b>, par′rut, <i>n.</i> one of a family of tropical and subtropical birds, with brilliant plumage and a hooked bill, @@ -14596,18 +14558,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>parer</i>—L. <i>parāre</i>, to prepare, in Low L. to keep off.]</p> - <p><b>Parse</b>, pärs, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>gram.</i>) to tell the parts of + <p><b>Parse</b>, pärs, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>gram.</i>) to tell the parts of speech of a sentence and the relations of the various words to each other.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pars′ing</span></b>. [L. <i>pars (orationis)</i>, a part of speech.]</p> - <p><b>Parsee</b>, <b>Parsi</b>, pär′sē, <i>n.</i> one of the + <p><b>Parsee</b>, <b>Parsi</b>, pär′sē, <i>n.</i> one of the surviving remnant of Zoroastrianism which took refuge in India in the 7th century: a fire-worshipper.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′seeism</span></b>. [Pers. <i>Pārsī</i>—<i>Pārs</i>, Persia.]</p> - <p><b>Parsimony</b>, pär′si-mun-i, <i>n.</i> sparingness in the + <p><b>Parsimony</b>, pär′si-mun-i, <i>n.</i> sparingness in the spending of money: frugality: niggardliness.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Parsimō′nious</span></b>, sparing in the use of money: frugal to excess: niggardly: covetous.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -14616,17 +14578,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.,—L. <i>parsimonia</i>, <i>parcimonia</i>—<i>parcĕre</i>, to spare.]</p> - <p><b>Parsley</b>, pärs′li, <i>n.</i> a bright-green herb, with + <p><b>Parsley</b>, pärs′li, <i>n.</i> a bright-green herb, with finely divided, strongly scented leaves, used in cookery. [Fr. <i>persil</i>—L. <i>petroselinum</i>—Gr. <i>petroselinon</i>—<i>petros</i>, a rock, <i>selinon</i>, a kind of parsley.]</p> - <p><b>Parsnip</b>, <b>Parsnep</b>, pärs′nip, <i>n.</i> an edible + <p><b>Parsnip</b>, <b>Parsnep</b>, pärs′nip, <i>n.</i> an edible plant with a carrot-like root. [O. Fr. <i>pastenaque</i>—L. <i>pastinaca</i>—<i>pastinum</i>, a dibble.]</p> - <p><b>Parson</b>, pär′sn, <i>n.</i> the priest or incumbent of a + <p><b>Parson</b>, pär′sn, <i>n.</i> the priest or incumbent of a parish: a clergyman: one who is licensed to preach.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′sonage</span></b>, the residence of the minister of a parish: (<i>orig.</i>) the house, lands, tithes, &c. @@ -14635,7 +14597,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Par′sonish</span></b>, pertaining to or like a parson. [O. Fr. <i>persone</i>—L. <i>persōna</i>, a person.]</p> - <p><b>Part</b>, pärt, <i>n.</i> something less than the whole: a portion: + <p><b>Part</b>, pärt, <i>n.</i> something less than the whole: a portion: a quantity or number making up with others a larger quantity or number: a fraction: a member or essential part of a whole: a proportional quantity: one's share: interest: side or party: action: character taken by an actor @@ -14656,7 +14618,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> share or to assist in; <b>Take part with</b>, to take one's side. [Fr.,—L. <i>pars</i>, <i>partis</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Partake</b>, pär-tāk′, <i>v.i.</i> to take or have a + <p><b>Partake</b>, pär-tāk′, <i>v.i.</i> to take or have a part, either absolutely, or with of or in before the thing shared, as food, &c.: to have something of the nature or properties, &c.: to be admitted: (<i>Shak.</i>) to make common cause.—<i>v.t.</i> to @@ -14678,7 +14640,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> a theatre, esp. beneath the galleries. [Fr.,—L. <i>per terram</i>, along the ground.]</p> - <p><b>Parthenogenesis</b>, pär-the-nō-jen′e-sis, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Parthenogenesis</b>, pär-the-nō-jen′e-sis, <i>n.</i> reproduction without renewed impregnation by a male, as in aphids or plant-lice, &c.—also <b><span class="nw">Parthenog′eny</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -14686,7 +14648,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Parthenog′enous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>parthenos</i>, a virgin, <i>genesis</i>, production.]</p> - <p><b>Parthenon</b>, pär′the-non, <i>n.</i> the temple of + <p><b>Parthenon</b>, pär′the-non, <i>n.</i> the temple of Athēnē <i>Parthĕnos</i>, on the Acropolis at Athens. [Gr. <i>Parthenōn</i>—<i>parthenos</i>, a virgin.]</p> @@ -14694,7 +14656,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Parthia</i>, in Persia.—<b>A Parthian shot</b>, a shot or blow given while pretending to fly, a parting shot.</p> - <p><b>Partial</b>, pär′shal, <i>adj.</i> relating to a part only: + <p><b>Partial</b>, pär′shal, <i>adj.</i> relating to a part only: not total or entire: inclined to favour one person or party: having a preference: (<i>bot.</i>) subordinate.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′tialise</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), to render @@ -14707,7 +14669,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Par′tially</span></b>.[Fr.,—Low L. <i>partialis</i>—L. <i>pars</i>, a part.]</p> - <p><b>Partible</b>, pär′ti-bl, <i>adj.</i> that may be parted: + <p><b>Partible</b>, pär′ti-bl, <i>adj.</i> that may be parted: separable.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Partibil′ity</span></b>.</p> @@ -14718,9 +14680,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> function to assist some other bishop or to act as delegates of the Pope where no hierarchy had as yet been established.</p> - <p><b>Participate</b>, pär-tis′i-pāt, <i>v.i.</i> to partake: + <p><b>Participate</b>, pär-tis′i-pāt, <i>v.i.</i> to partake: to have a share.—<i>v.t.</i> to receive a part or share - of.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pär′ticeps</span> <span + of.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pär′ticeps</span> <span class="nw">crim′inis</span></b>, one who, although not present, helps in any way the commission of a crime, or who after the deed assists or hides the person who did it.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -14737,14 +14699,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>pars</i>, part, <i>capĕre</i>, to take.]</p> - <p><b>Participle</b>, pär′ti-si-pl, <i>n.</i> a word having the + <p><b>Participle</b>, pär′ti-si-pl, <i>n.</i> a word having the value of an adjective but regularly formed from a verb.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Particip′ial</span></b>, having the nature of a participle: formed from a participle.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Particip′ially</span></b>.[L.,—<i>participium</i>—<i>particeps</i>—<i>pars</i>, a part, <i>capĕre</i>, to take.]</p> - <p><b>Particle</b>, pär′ti-kl, <i>n.</i> a little part: a very + <p><b>Particle</b>, pär′ti-kl, <i>n.</i> a little part: a very small portion: (<i>physics</i>) the minutest part into which a body can be divided: an atom: (<i>gram.</i>) an indeclinable word, as a preposition, a conjunction, an interjection: a word that can only be used @@ -14782,7 +14744,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Partim</b>, part′im, <i>adv.</i> in part. [L.]</p> - <p><b>Parting</b>, pärt′ing, <i>adj.</i> putting apart: separating: + <p><b>Parting</b>, pärt′ing, <i>adj.</i> putting apart: separating: departing: given at parting.—<i>n.</i> the act of parting: a division: a point or a line of division: the division of the hair on the head in dressing it: (<i>geol.</i>) a division of a mineral into layers: @@ -14790,14 +14752,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cable.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Part′ing-cup</span></b>, a drinking-cup with two handles on opposite sides.</p> - <p><b>Partisan</b>, pär′ti-zan, <i>n.</i> an adherent of a party or + <p><b>Partisan</b>, pär′ti-zan, <i>n.</i> an adherent of a party or a faction: one who is too strongly devoted to his own party or sect to be able to understand or to judge fairly of others.—<i>adj.</i> adhering to a party.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′tisanship</span></b>. [Fr. (It. <i>partigiano</i>),—L. <i>partīri</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Partisan</b>, pär′ti-zan, <i>n.</i> a kind of halberd or + <p><b>Partisan</b>, pär′ti-zan, <i>n.</i> a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, common in the Middle Ages: a soldier armed with such a weapon. [O. Fr. <i>pertuisane</i>, which is perh. from Old High Ger. <i>parta</i> a battle-axe, seen in <i>halberd</i>.]</p> @@ -14815,12 +14777,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Par′titively</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>partitio</i>—<i>partīri</i>, divide.]</p> - <p><b>Partlet</b>, pärt′let, <i>n.</i> a ruff or band worn round + <p><b>Partlet</b>, pärt′let, <i>n.</i> a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders by women: a hen, from its habit of ruffling the feathers round its neck. [Prob. O. Fr. <i>Pertelote</i>, a woman's name.]</p> - <p><b>Partner</b>, pärt′nėr, <i>n.</i> a sharer: an + <p><b>Partner</b>, pärt′nėr, <i>n.</i> a sharer: an associate: one engaged with another in business: one who plays on the same side in a game: one who dances with another: a husband or wife.—<i>v.t.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) to join as a @@ -14830,21 +14792,21 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Sleep′ing-part′ner</span></b>, one who has money invested in a business, but takes no part in its management.</p> - <p><b>Partridge</b>, pär′trij, <i>n.</i> a genus of gallinaceous + <p><b>Partridge</b>, pär′trij, <i>n.</i> a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for game.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Par′tridge-wood</span></b>, a hard variegated wood, from Brazil and the West Indies, used in cabinet-work. [Fr. <i>perdrix</i>—L. <i>perdix</i>, <i>perdicis</i>—Gr. <i>perdix</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Part-singing</b>, pärt′-sing-ing, <i>n.</i> act or practice + <p><b>Part-singing</b>, pärt′-sing-ing, <i>n.</i> act or practice of singing different parts in harmony.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Part′-song</span></b>, a song sung in parts.</p> - <p><b>Parture</b>, pärt′ūr, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) + <p><b>Parture</b>, pärt′ūr, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) departure.</p> - <p><b>Parturient</b>, pär-tū′ri-ent, <i>adj.</i> bringing, or + <p><b>Parturient</b>, pär-tū′ri-ent, <i>adj.</i> bringing, or about to bring, forth young: fruitful.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Partūri′tion</span></b>, act of bringing forth.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -14852,7 +14814,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i><span class="nw">-entis</span></i>, pr.p. of <i>parturīre</i>—<i>parĕre</i>, to bring forth.]</p> - <p><b>Party</b>, pär′ti, <i>n.</i> a part of a greater number of + <p><b>Party</b>, pär′ti, <i>n.</i> a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a company met for a particular purpose, as a dinner party, a pleasure party, &c.: an assembly: one concerned in any affair: the person or persons on either side in a law-suit: @@ -14880,24 +14842,24 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> separating one house from another. [O. Fr. <i>partir</i>—L. <i>partīri</i>, to divide—<i>pars</i>, a part.]</p> - <p><b>Parure</b>, pa-rür′, <i>n.</i> a set of ornaments, &c. + <p><b>Parure</b>, pa-rür′, <i>n.</i> a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Parvanimity</b>, par-va-nim′i-ti, <i>n.</i> littleness of mind.</p> - <p><b>Parvenu</b>, pär′ve-nū, <i>n.</i> an upstart: one newly + <p><b>Parvenu</b>, pär′ve-nū, <i>n.</i> an upstart: one newly risen into notice or power.—<i>adj.</i> like a parvenu. [Fr., pa.p. of <i>parvenir</i>—L. <i>pervenīre</i>, to arrive at—<i>per</i>, through, <i>venīre</i>, to come.]</p> - <p><b>Parvis</b>, <b>Parvise</b>, pär′vis, <i>n.</i> a porch, or an + <p><b>Parvis</b>, <b>Parvise</b>, pär′vis, <i>n.</i> a porch, or an enclosed space before a church: a room over a church porch used as a store, or schoolroom, or as an ecclesiastic's chamber. [O. Fr.,—Low L. <i>paravisus</i>, corr. of Gr. <i>paradeisos</i>; cf. <i>Paradise</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pas</b>, pä, <i>n.</i> a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, + <p><b>Pas</b>, pä, <i>n.</i> a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas seul'=a dance by one person, 'Pas deux'=a dance of two persons.—<b>Pas d'armes</b>, a joust, a tilt, or a tourney.—<b>Have the pas of one</b>, to take precedence of him. @@ -14928,7 +14890,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pash</b>, pash, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) the head, the face.</p> - <p><b>Pasha</b>, <b>Pacha</b>, pash′ä, <i>n.</i> a title given to + <p><b>Pasha</b>, <b>Pacha</b>, pash′ä, <i>n.</i> a title given to Turkish officers who are governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pash′alic</span></b>, <b><span @@ -15033,9 +14995,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Passant</b>, pas′ant, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) walking. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Passé</b>, pas-sā′, <i>adj.</i> past one's best, faded, + <p><b>Passé</b>, pas-sā′, <i>adj.</i> past one's best, faded, past the heyday of life: nearly out of date:—<i>fem.</i> - <b>Passée</b>. [Fr., pa.p. of <i>passer</i>, to pass.]</p> + <b>Passée</b>. [Fr., pa.p. of <i>passer</i>, to pass.]</p> <p><b>Passementerie</b>, pas-men-te-rē′, <i>n.</i> trimming for dresses, as beaded lace. [Fr.]</p> @@ -15159,7 +15121,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> gems.—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten with paste.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paste′board</span></b>, a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted together, &c.—<i>adj.</i> made of such, - unsubstantial. [O. Fr. <i>paste</i> (Fr. <i>pâte</i>)—Late L. + unsubstantial. [O. Fr. <i>paste</i> (Fr. <i>pâte</i>)—Late L. <i>pasta</i>—Gr. <i>pastē</i>, a mess of food—<i>pastos</i>, salted—<i>passein</i>, to sprinkle.]</p> @@ -15172,7 +15134,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pastern</b>, pas′tėrn, <i>n.</i> the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. - <i>pasturon</i> (Fr. <i>pâturon</i>)—O. Fr. <i>pasture</i>, + <i>pasturon</i> (Fr. <i>pâturon</i>)—O. Fr. <i>pasture</i>, pasture, a tether for a horse.]</p> <p><b>Pasteurism</b>, pas-tėr′izm, <i>n.</i> the method of @@ -15181,7 +15143,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (1822-95).—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pasteur′ian</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pasteurisā′tion</span></b>, a method of arresting - the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at least 140° + the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at least 140° F.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pasteur′ise</span></b>.</p> @@ -15235,7 +15197,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pastor</b>, pas′tur, <i>n.</i> a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to Western Asia.</p> - <p><b>Pastorale</b>, pas-tō-rä′le, <i>n.</i> a variety of + <p><b>Pastorale</b>, pas-tō-rä′le, <i>n.</i> a variety of opera or cantata characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one @@ -15259,7 +15221,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Past′ūre-land</span></b>, land appropriated to pasture.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Past′ūreless</span></b>, destitute of pasture. [O. - Fr. <i>pasture</i> (Fr. <i>pâture</i>)—L. + Fr. <i>pasture</i> (Fr. <i>pâture</i>)—L. <i>pastura</i>—<i>pascĕre</i>, <i>pastum</i>, to feed.]</p> <p><b>Pasty</b>, pās′ti, <i>adj.</i> like @@ -15287,7 +15249,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> a bird: one of the scales affixed to the pronotum of lepidopterous insects—the <i>tegula</i>. [L., 'a gold edging.']</p> - <p><b>Patamar</b>, pat′a-mär, <i>n.</i> a vessel on the Bombay + <p><b>Patamar</b>, pat′a-mär, <i>n.</i> a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, and great stem and stern rake.</p> <p><b>Patavinity</b>, pat-a-vin′i-ti, <i>n.</i> the style of Padua @@ -15327,7 +15289,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pāt′ed</span></b>, having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. <i>platte</i>, a plate; cf. Low L. <i>platta</i>, tonsure.]</p> - <p><b>Pâté</b>, pä-tā′, <i>n.</i> pie: pasty.—<b>Pâté + <p><b>Pâté</b>, pä-tā′, <i>n.</i> pie: pasty.—<b>Pâté de foie gras</b>, pasty of fat goose liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Patella</b>, pa-tel′la, <i>n.</i> a little dish or vase: the @@ -15374,11 +15336,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-entis</span></i>, pr.p. of <i>patēre</i>, to lie open.]</p> - <p><b>Patera</b>, pat′e-rä, <i>n.</i> a round flat dish for + <p><b>Patera</b>, pat′e-rä, <i>n.</i> a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial libation among the Romans: (<i>archit.</i>) the representation of such in bas-relief in friezes, &c.—often applied loosely to rosettes and other flat ornaments:—<i>pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Pat′eræ</span></b> + <b><span class="nw">Pat′eræ</span></b> (-rē).—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pat′eriform</span></b>. [L.,—<i>patēre</i>, to lie open.]</p> @@ -15393,7 +15355,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Paterfamilias</b>, pā-tėr-fa-mil′i-as, <i>n.</i> the father or head of a family or household:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pātresfamil′ias</span></b>. [L. <i>pater</i>, a - father, <i>familias</i>, arch. form of <i>familiæ</i>, gen. of + father, <i>familias</i>, arch. form of <i>familiæ</i>, gen. of <i>familia</i>, a household.]</p> <p><b>Paternal</b>, pa-tėr′nal, <i>adj.</i> fatherly: showing @@ -15416,13 +15378,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> astragals, &c. [L. <i>Pater noster</i>, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin.]</p> - <p><b>Path</b>, päth, <i>n.</i> a way trodden out by the feet: track: + <p><b>Path</b>, päth, <i>n.</i> a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of action or conduct:—<i>pl.</i> <b>Paths</b> - (pä<i>th</i>z).—<i>n.</i> <b><span + (pä<i>th</i>z).—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Path′finder</span></b>, one who explores the route, a pioneer.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Path′less</span></b>, without a path: untrodden. [A.S. - <i>pæth</i>, <i>path</i>; Ger. <i>pfad</i>, Gr. <i>patos</i>, L. + <i>pæth</i>, <i>path</i>; Ger. <i>pfad</i>, Gr. <i>patos</i>, L. <i>pons</i>, <i>pontis</i>, a bridge.]</p> <p><b>Pathan</b>, pa-than′, <i>n.</i> an Afghan proper, one of @@ -15472,7 +15434,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> into different kinds. [Gr., from <i>pathein</i>, 2 aorist of <i>paschein</i>, to suffer, feel.]</p> - <p><b>Pathway</b>, päth′wā, <i>n.</i> a path or way: a + <p><b>Pathway</b>, päth′wā, <i>n.</i> a path or way: a footpath: course of action.</p> <p><b>Patibulary</b>, pā-tib′ū-la-ri, <i>adj.</i> of or @@ -15509,7 +15471,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Patonce</b>, pa-tons′, <i>n.</i> (<i>her.</i>) a cross whose four arms expand in curves from the centre, with floriated - ends.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Patoncée</b>. [Fr.,—L. + ends.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Patoncée</b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>patēre</i>, to expand.]</p> <p><b>Patres conscripti</b>, pā′tres <span @@ -15521,11 +15483,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Patrial</b>, pā′tri-al, <i>adj.</i> designating a race or nation.—<i>n.</i> a noun derived from the name of a country.</p> - <p><b>Patria potestas</b>, pā′tri-ä <span + <p><b>Patria potestas</b>, pā′tri-ä <span class="nw">pō-tes′tas,</span> <i>n.</i> a father's control over his family, in ancient Rome, which was almost unlimited. [L.]</p> - <p><b>Patriarch</b>, pā′tri-ärk, <i>n.</i> one who governs + <p><b>Patriarch</b>, pā′tri-ärk, <i>n.</i> one who governs his family by paternal right: (<i>B.</i>) one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to Abraham, Jacob, and his sons: in Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to an archbishop.—<i>adjs.</i> @@ -15556,7 +15518,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> murderer of one's own father.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pat′ricīdal</span></b>, relating to patricide or the murder of a father. [L. <i>patricida</i>—<i>pater</i>, - <i>patris</i>, father, <i>cædĕre</i>, to kill.]</p> + <i>patris</i>, father, <i>cædĕre</i>, to kill.]</p> <p><b>Patrico</b>, pat′ri-kō, <i>n.</i> (<i>slang</i>) a gipsy or beggars' hedge-priest.—Also <b><span @@ -15652,7 +15614,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Patte</b>, pat, <i>n.</i> a narrow band keeping a belt or sash in its place. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Patté</b>, <b>Pattée</b>, pa-tā′, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Patté</b>, <b>Pattée</b>, pa-tā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) spreading toward the extremity. [O. Fr. <i>patte</i>, a paw.]</p> @@ -15700,7 +15662,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Patty</b>, pat′i, <i>n.</i> a little pie:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Patt′ies</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Patt′y-pan</span></b>, a pan in which to bake these. - [Fr. <i>pâté</i>.]</p> + [Fr. <i>pâté</i>.]</p> <p><b>Patulous</b>, pat′ū-lus, <i>adj.</i> spreading.</p> @@ -15727,7 +15689,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> paw′lō-pōst-fū′tūr, <i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> the future perfect tense in grammar.</p> - <p><b>Paunch</b>, pawnsh, or pänsh, <i>n.</i> the belly: the first and + <p><b>Paunch</b>, pawnsh, or pänsh, <i>n.</i> the belly: the first and largest stomach of a ruminant.—<i>v.t.</i> to eviscerate.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Paunch′y</span></b>, big-bellied. [O. Fr. <i>panche</i> @@ -16001,7 +15963,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Peach′y</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Peach′-yell′ows</span></b>, a disease that attacks peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. <i>pesche</i> (Fr. - <i>pêche</i>, It. <i>persica</i>, <i>pesca</i>)—L. <i>Persicum</i> + <i>pêche</i>, It. <i>persica</i>, <i>pesca</i>)—L. <i>Persicum</i> (<i>malum</i>), the Persian (apple).]</p> <p><b>Peacock</b>, pē′kok, <i>n.</i> a large gallinaceous @@ -16064,7 +16026,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> from ermine only in the tinctures, the ground being sable and the spots of gold. [O. Fr. <i>panne</i>, a fur. Cf. <i>Pane</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pean</b>. See <b>Pæan</b>.</p> + <p><b>Pean</b>. See <b>Pæan</b>.</p> <p><b>Pea-nut</b>, or <i>Ground-nut</i>. See <b>Ground</b>.</p> @@ -16096,7 +16058,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> obtained by calcining potashes, so called from its pearly-white colour; <b><span class="nw">Pearl′-bar′ley</span></b>, barley after the skin has been ground off (prob. for 'pilled barley,' Fr. <i>orge - perlé</i>); <b><span class="nw">Pearl′-butt′on</span></b>, a + perlé</i>); <b><span class="nw">Pearl′-butt′on</span></b>, a button made of mother-of-pearl; <b><span class="nw">Pearl′-div′er</span></b>, one who dives for pearls.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Pearled</b>, set with pearls: like pearls: @@ -16181,7 +16143,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> right angles for cutting peat in rectangular blocks.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Peat′y</span></b>, like peat: abounding in, or composed of, peat. [True form <i>beat</i>—M. E. <i>beten</i>, to - mend a fire—A.S. <i>bétan</i>, to make better—<i>bót</i>, + mend a fire—A.S. <i>bétan</i>, to make better—<i>bót</i>, advantage.]</p> <p><b>Peba</b>, pē′ba, <i>n.</i> a South American @@ -16201,7 +16163,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> various coloured clays mixed together; <b><span class="nw">Pebb′ling</span></b>, a way of graining leather with a ribbed or roughened appearance. [A.S. <i>papol</i><span - class="nw">-(</span><i><span class="nw">-stán</span></i>), a + class="nw">-(</span><i><span class="nw">-stán</span></i>), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. <i>papula</i>, a pustule.]</p> <p><b>Pebrine</b>, peb′rin, <i>n.</i> a destructive disease of @@ -16384,8 +16346,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Ped′antry</span></b>, acts, manners, or character of a pedant: vain display of learning: (<i>Swift</i>) the overrating of any kind of knowledge we pretend to. [Fr.,—It. - <i>pedante</i>—L. <i>pædagogan</i>s, <i><span - class="nw">-antis</span></i>, teaching—<i>pædagogus</i>, a + <i>pedante</i>—L. <i>pædagogan</i>s, <i><span + class="nw">-antis</span></i>, teaching—<i>pædagogus</i>, a pedagogue.]</p> <p><b>Peddle</b>, ped′l, <i>v.i.</i> to travel about with a basket @@ -16454,7 +16416,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ped′icellate</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pedic′ūlate</span></b>, provided with a pedicel.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ped′icle</span></b>, a - fetter for the foot. [Fr. <i>pédicelle</i>—L. <i>pediculus</i>, + fetter for the foot. [Fr. <i>pédicelle</i>—L. <i>pediculus</i>, dim. of <i>pes</i>, <i>pedis</i>, the foot.]</p> <p><b>Pediculus</b>, pē-dik′ū-lus, <i>n.</i> a genus of @@ -16485,7 +16447,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:31%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pediment.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pediment.png" - alt="Pediment." title="Pediment." /></a> + alt="Pediment." title="Pediment."></a> </div> <p><b>Pediment</b>, ped′i-ment, <i>n.</i> (<i>archit.</i>) a triangular or circular ornament which crowns the fronts of buildings, and @@ -16555,7 +16517,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> an oar—not the loom: a mark (<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Peel.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Peel.png" class="middle" style="height:2.5ex;" - alt="Peel mark" /></a>) for cattle, for persons who cannot write, + alt="Peel mark"></a>) for cattle, for persons who cannot write, &c.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Peeled</b>, stripped of skin, rind, or bark: plundered.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Peel′er</span></b>, one who peels, a plunderer; <b><span @@ -16699,7 +16661,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> this language.—<i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to, or written in, Pehlevi. [Pers.]</p> - <p><b>Peignoir</b>, pēn-wär′, <i>n.</i> a loose wrapper worn + <p><b>Peignoir</b>, pēn-wär′, <i>n.</i> a loose wrapper worn by women during their toilet. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Peinct</b>, pāngkt, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to paint.</p> @@ -16745,7 +16707,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pelargonium</b>, pel-ar-gō′ni-um, <i>n.</i> a vast genus of beautiful flowering plants of order - <i>Geraniaceæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + <i>Geraniaceæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pēlar′gic</span></b>, stork-like. [Gr. <i>pelargos</i>, stork, the beaked capsules resembling a stork's beak.]</p> @@ -16757,11 +16719,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> architecture</b>. Also <b><span class="nw">Pelas′gian</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Pêle-mêle</b>. See <b>Pell-mell</b>, <i>adv.</i></p> + <p><b>Pêle-mêle</b>. See <b>Pell-mell</b>, <i>adv.</i></p> <p><b>Pelerine</b>, pel′ėr-in, <i>n.</i> a woman's tippet or cape with long ends coming down in front. [Fr., a - tippet—<i>pèlerin</i>, a pilgrim—L. <i>peregrinus</i>, + tippet—<i>pèlerin</i>, a pilgrim—L. <i>peregrinus</i>, foreign.]</p> <p><b>Pelf</b>, pelf, <i>n.</i> riches (in a bad sense): money. [O. Fr. @@ -16817,11 +16779,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pell-mell</b>, pel-mel′, <i>adv.</i> in great confusion: promiscuously: in a disorderly manner—also written - <i>Pêle-mêle</i>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + <i>Pêle-mêle</i>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pell-mell′</span></b> (same as <b>Pall-mall</b>). [O. - Fr. <i>pesle-mesle</i> (Fr. <i>pêle-mêle</i>), <i><span + Fr. <i>pesle-mesle</i> (Fr. <i>pêle-mêle</i>), <i><span class="nw">-mesle</span></i> being from O. Fr. <i>mesler</i> (Fr. - <i>mêler</i>), to mix—Low L. <i>misculāre</i>—L. + <i>mêler</i>), to mix—Low L. <i>misculāre</i>—L. <i>miscēre</i>; and <i>pesle</i>, a rhyming addition, perh. influenced by Fr. <i>pelle</i>, shovel.]</p> @@ -16961,7 +16923,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Penang liyar</i>, the wild areca.]</p> <p><b>Penannular</b>, pē-nan′ū-lar, <i>adj.</i> shaped - almost like a ring. [L. <i>pæna</i>, almost, <i>annularis</i>, + almost like a ring. [L. <i>pæna</i>, almost, <i>annularis</i>, annular.]</p> <p><b>Penates</b>, pē-nā′tēs, <i>n.pl.</i> the @@ -16971,7 +16933,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pence</b>, pens, <i>n.</i> plural of <i>penny</i> (q.v.).</p> - <p><b>Penchant</b>, päng′shäng, <i>n.</i> inclination: decided + <p><b>Penchant</b>, päng′shäng, <i>n.</i> inclination: decided taste: bias. [Fr., pr.p. of <i>pencher</i>, to incline, through a form <i>pendicāre</i>, from L. <i>pendēre</i>, to hang.]</p> @@ -17125,7 +17087,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> surround almost entirely with water.—<b>Peninsular war</b>, the war in Spain and Portugal, carried on by Great Britain against Napoleon's marshals (1804-1814).—<b>The Peninsula</b>, Spain and Portugal. - [L.,—<i>pæne</i>, almost, <i>insula</i>, an island.]</p> + [L.,—<i>pæne</i>, almost, <i>insula</i>, an island.]</p> <p><b>Penis</b>, pē′nis, <i>n.</i> the characteristic external male organ.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -17218,7 +17180,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Penny</b>, pen′i, <i>n.</i> a copper coin (bronze since 1860), originally silver=<span class="spp">1</span>⁄<span class="suu">12</span> of a shilling, or four farthings: a small sum: - money in general: (<i>N.T.</i>) a silver coin=7½d.: pound, in + money in general: (<i>N.T.</i>) a silver coin=7½d.: pound, in <i>fourpenny</i>, <i>sixpenny</i>, <i>tenpenny nails</i>=four, six, ten <i>pound</i> weight to the thousand:—<i>pl.</i> <b>Pennies</b> <span class="nw">(pen′iz),</span> denoting the number of coins; @@ -17262,13 +17224,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pulial</i>, which is traced through O. Fr. to L. <i>puleium regium</i>, the plant pennyroyal—<i>pulex</i>, a flea.]</p> - <p><b>Penology</b>, <b>Pænology</b>, pē-nol′ō-ji, + <p><b>Penology</b>, <b>Pænology</b>, pē-nol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> the study of punishment in its relation to crime: the management of prisons.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Penol′ogist</span></b>. [Gr. <i>poinē</i>, punishment, <i>logia</i>, description.]</p> - <p><b>Pensée</b>, pang-sā′, <i>n.</i> a thought. [Fr.]</p> + <p><b>Pensée</b>, pang-sā′, <i>n.</i> a thought. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Penseroso</b>, pen-se-rō′so, <i>adj.</i> melancholy: thoughtful:—<i>fem. <span @@ -17358,7 +17320,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:7%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pentagon.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pentagon.png" - alt="Pentagon." title="Pentagon." /></a> + alt="Pentagon." title="Pentagon."></a> </div> <p><b>Pentagon</b>, pen′ta-gon, <i>n.</i> (<i>geom.</i>) a plane figure having five angles and five sides: a fort with five @@ -17370,7 +17332,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figleft" style="width:9%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pentagram.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pentagram.png" - alt="Pentagram." title="Pentagram." /></a> + alt="Pentagram." title="Pentagram."></a> </div> <p><b>Pentagram</b>, pen′ta-gram, <i>n.</i> a five-pointed star: a magic figure so called.—This is the proper @@ -17381,7 +17343,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pentagraph</b>=<i>Pantograph</i>.</p> <p><b>Pentagynia</b>, pent-a-jin′i-a, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) a - Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five + Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five pistils.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pent′agyn</span></b> (<i>bot.</i>), a plant having five styles.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pentagyn′ian</span></b>, <b><span @@ -17418,7 +17380,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> measure.]</p> <p><b>Pentandria</b>, pen-tan′dri-a, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) a - Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five + Linnæan order of plants, characterised by their flowers having five stamens.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pentan′der</span></b>, a plant of the class Pentandria.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pentan′drian</span></b>, <b><span @@ -17443,7 +17405,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Pentapolis</i> of Cyrenaica in northern Africa. [Gr. <i>pente</i>, five, <i>polis</i>, a city.]</p> - <p><b>Pentarchy</b>, pen′tär-ki, <i>n.</i> government by five + <p><b>Pentarchy</b>, pen′tär-ki, <i>n.</i> government by five persons. [Gr. <i>pente</i>, five, <i>archē</i>, rule.]</p> <p><b>Pentasepalous</b>, pen-ta-sep′a-lus, <i>adj.</i> having five @@ -17504,7 +17466,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> five years. [Gr., <i>pente</i>, five, <i>etos</i>, a year.]</p> <p><b>Penthemimeral</b>, pen-thē-mim′e-ral, <i>adj.</i> - belonging to a metrical group of 2½ feet. [Gr. <i>pente</i>, five, + belonging to a metrical group of 2½ feet. [Gr. <i>pente</i>, five, <i>hēmi</i>, half, <i>meros</i>, a part.]</p> <p><b>Penthouse</b>, pent′hows, <i>n.</i> a shed projecting from or @@ -17523,7 +17485,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> slope—<i>pendre</i>, to hang, and Eng. <i>roof</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pentstemon</b>, pent-stē′mon, <i>n.</i> a genus of - perennial herbs of the order <i>Scrophularineæ</i>, common in California. + perennial herbs of the order <i>Scrophularineæ</i>, common in California. [Gr. <i>pente</i>, five, <i>stēmōn</i>, warp, stamen.]</p> <p><b>Pentzia</b>, pent′si-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of South African @@ -17537,7 +17499,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> one.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Penult′imāte</span></b>, last but one.—<i>n.</i> the penult: the last member but one of any series. - [L. <i>penultima</i>—<i>pæne</i>, almost, <i>ultimus</i>, + [L. <i>penultima</i>—<i>pæne</i>, almost, <i>ultimus</i>, last.]</p> <p><b>Penumbra</b>, pē-num′bra, <i>n.</i> a partial or @@ -17545,7 +17507,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of a picture where the light and shade blend into each other.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Penum′bral</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Penum′brous</span></b>. [L. <i>pæne</i>, almost, + class="nw">Penum′brous</span></b>. [L. <i>pæne</i>, almost, <i>umbra</i>, shade.]</p> <p><b>Penury</b>, pen′ū-ri, <i>n.</i> want: absence of means @@ -17565,9 +17527,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pedis</i>, a foot.]</p> <p><b>Peony</b>, pē′o-ni, <i>n.</i> a genus of plants of the - natural order <i>Ranunculaceæ</i>, with large showy flowers, carmine, in + natural order <i>Ranunculaceæ</i>, with large showy flowers, carmine, in some white. [O. Fr. <i>pione</i> (Fr. <i>pivoine</i>)—L. - <i>pæonia</i>, healing—Gr. <i>Paiōn</i>.]</p> + <i>pæonia</i>, healing—Gr. <i>Paiōn</i>.]</p> <p><b>People</b>, pē′pl, <i>n.</i> persons generally: the men, women, and children of a country or a nation: the mass of persons as @@ -17634,11 +17596,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b>Pepper shrub</b> and <i>Chili pepper</i>; <b><span class="nw">Pepp′erwort</span></b>, the dittander.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pepp′ery</span></b>, possessing the qualities - of pepper: hot, choleric.—<b>Æthiopian pepper</b>, the produce of - <i>Xylopia Æthiopica</i>; <b>Benin pepper</b>, of <i>Cubeba Clusii</i>; + of pepper: hot, choleric.—<b>Æthiopian pepper</b>, the produce of + <i>Xylopia Æthiopica</i>; <b>Benin pepper</b>, of <i>Cubeba Clusii</i>; <b>Guinea pepper</b>, or <b>Maleguetta pepper</b>, of <i>Amomum</i>; <b>Jamaica pepper</b>, or <b>Pimento</b>, of species of Eugenia - (<i>Myrtaceæ</i>); <b>Long pepper</b>, the fruit of <i>Piper Longum</i>; + (<i>Myrtaceæ</i>); <b>Long pepper</b>, the fruit of <i>Piper Longum</i>; <b>White pepper</b>, the seed freed from the skin and fleshy part of the fruit by soaking in water and rubbing the dried fruit. [A.S. <i>pipor</i>—L. <i>piper</i>—Gr. <i>peperi</i>—Sans. @@ -17712,7 +17674,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>per</i>, through, <i>ambulāre</i>, to walk.]</p> - <p><b>Percale</b>, per-käl′, <i>n.</i> a closely woven French + <p><b>Percale</b>, per-käl′, <i>n.</i> a closely woven French cambric.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Per′caline</span></b>, a glossy cotton cloth. [Fr.]</p> @@ -17726,7 +17688,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Perceant</b>, pėrs′ant, <i>adj.</i> piercing, penetrating.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Perc′en</span></b> (<i>Spens.</i>), to pierce. [Fr. - <i>perçant</i>, pr.p. of <i>percer</i>, to pierce.]</p> + <i>perçant</i>, pr.p. of <i>percer</i>, to pierce.]</p> <p><b>Perceive</b>, per-sēv′, <i>v.t.</i> to become aware of through the senses: to get knowledge of by the mind: to see: to @@ -17776,7 +17738,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> spotted.]</p> <p><b>Perch</b>, pėrch, <i>n.</i> a rod on which birds roost: any - high seat or position: a measure=5½ yards: a square measure=30¼ square + high seat or position: a measure=5½ yards: a square measure=30¼ square yards: a pole joining the fore and hind gear of a spring carriage: a frame on which cloth is examined for flaws.—<i>v.i.</i> to sit or roost on a perch: to settle.—<i>v.t.</i> to place, as on a @@ -17818,7 +17780,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the church: (<i>her.</i>) the lower half of a garter with the buckle.—Also <b><span class="nw">Par′aclose</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Parclose′</span></b>. [O. Fr.,—L. - <i>præ</i>, in front, <i>claudĕre</i>, <i>clausum</i>, to + <i>præ</i>, in front, <i>claudĕre</i>, <i>clausum</i>, to shut.]</p> <p><b>Percoct</b>, per-kokt′, <i>adj.</i> well-cooked. [L. @@ -17964,7 +17926,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>perennis</i>—<i>per</i>, through, <i>annus</i>, a year.]</p> <p><b>Perennibranchiate</b>, pe-ren-i-brang′ki-āt, - <i>adj.</i> having perennial branchiæ or gills.—Also <b><span + <i>adj.</i> having perennial branchiæ or gills.—Also <b><span class="nw">Perenn′ibranch</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Perfect</b>, pėr′fekt, <i>adj.</i> done thoroughly or @@ -18013,7 +17975,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> or eager.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Perfer′vidness</span></b>.—<b>Perfervidum ingenium</b>, a very ardent disposition. [L. <i>perfervidus</i>, - <i>præfervidus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>fervidus</i>, + <i>præfervidus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>fervidus</i>, fervid.]</p> <p><b>Perficient</b>, pėr-fish′ent, <i>adj.</i> @@ -18126,9 +18088,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Peri</b>, pē′ri, <i>n.</i> in Persian mythology, a female elf or fairy, represented as descended from the fallen angels. - [Fr. <i>péri</i>—Pers. <i>parī</i>, a fairy.]</p> + [Fr. <i>péri</i>—Pers. <i>parī</i>, a fairy.]</p> - <p><b>Periagua</b>, per-i-ä′gwä, <i>n.</i> a canoe hollowed out of + <p><b>Periagua</b>, per-i-ä′gwä, <i>n.</i> a canoe hollowed out of a single trunk, a dug-out: a vessel made by cutting a canoe in two lengthwise and inserting a large plank: a large keelless flat-bottomed boat for shoal-water navigation, decked at the ends only, propelled by @@ -18160,7 +18122,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of sanctuary or refuge. [Gr. <i>peribolos</i>, encircling—<i>peri</i>, around, <i>ballein</i>, to throw.]</p> - <p><b>Pericardium</b>, per-i-kär′di-um, <i>n.</i> (<i>anat.</i>) + <p><b>Pericardium</b>, per-i-kär′di-um, <i>n.</i> (<i>anat.</i>) the bag or sac composed of two layers which surrounds the heart.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pericar′diac</span></b>, <b><span @@ -18170,7 +18132,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pericardium. [Late L.,—Gr. <i>perikardion</i>—<i>peri</i>, around, <i>kardia</i>, heart.]</p> - <p><b>Pericarp</b>, per′i-kärp, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) the + <p><b>Pericarp</b>, per′i-kärp, <i>n.</i> (<i>bot.</i>) the covering, shell, or rind of fruits: a seed-vessel.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pericarp′ial</span></b>. [Gr. <i>perikarpion</i>—<i>peri</i>, around, <i>karpos</i>, fruit.]</p> @@ -18305,7 +18267,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Per′ilous</span></b>, full of peril: dangerous.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Per′ilously</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Per′ilousness</span></b>. [Fr. <i>péril</i>—L. + class="nw">Per′ilousness</span></b>. [Fr. <i>péril</i>—L. <i>periculum</i>.]</p> <p><b>Perilymph</b>, per′i-limf, <i>n.</i> the fluid which @@ -18326,7 +18288,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Perimor′phic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Perimor′phous</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Perineum</b>, <b>Perinæum</b>, per-i-nē′um, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Perineum</b>, <b>Perinæum</b>, per-i-nē′um, <i>n.</i> the lower part of the body between the genital organs and the rectum.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Perinē′al</span></b>. [L.,—Gr.]</p> @@ -18394,7 +18356,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Peripatus</b>, pe-rip′ā-tus, <i>n.</i> a genus of myriapods.</p> - <p><b>Peripetia</b>, per-i-pe-tī′a, <i>n.</i> the dénouement + <p><b>Peripetia</b>, per-i-pe-tī′a, <i>n.</i> the dénouement of a drama.</p> <p><b>Periphery</b>, pe-rif′ėr-i, <i>n.</i> (<i>geom.</i>) @@ -18531,7 +18493,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cleaving in more directions than one parallel to the axis, the faces being all similar. [Gr. <i>peri</i>, round, <i>temnein</i>, to cut.]</p> - <p><b>Peritoneum</b>, <b>Peritonæum</b>, <span + <p><b>Peritoneum</b>, <b>Peritonæum</b>, <span class="nw">per-i-tō-nē′um,</span> <i>n.</i> a serous membrane which encloses all the viscera lying in the abdominal and pelvic cavities.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -18542,9 +18504,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>teinein</i>, to stretch.]</p> <p><b>Perityphlitis</b>, per-i-tif-lī′tis, <i>n.</i> - inflammation of the cæcum, appendix, and connective tissue, or of the - peritoneum covering cæcum and appendix. [Gr. <i>peri</i>, round, - <i>typhlos</i>, blind (the cæcum being the 'blind gut').]</p> + inflammation of the cæcum, appendix, and connective tissue, or of the + peritoneum covering cæcum and appendix. [Gr. <i>peri</i>, round, + <i>typhlos</i>, blind (the cæcum being the 'blind gut').]</p> <p><b>Perivascular</b>, per-i-vas′kū-lar, <i>adj.</i> surrounding a vascular structure.</p> @@ -18560,7 +18522,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Periwinkle</b>, per′i-wingk-l, <i>n.</i> a creeping evergreen plant, growing in woods. [M. E. <i>peruenke</i>, through A.S. - <i>peruincæ</i>, from L. <i>pervinca</i>, <i>vincīre</i>, to + <i>peruincæ</i>, from L. <i>pervinca</i>, <i>vincīre</i>, to bind.]</p> <p><b>Periwinkle</b>, per′i-wingk-l, <i>n.</i> a small univalve @@ -18782,7 +18744,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> not a rector now being a vicar; <b>Perpetual motion</b>, motion of a machine arising from forces within itself, constantly kept up without any force from without; <b>Perpetual screw</b>, an endless screw. [Fr. - <i>perpétuel</i>—L. <i>perpetuus</i>, continuous.]</p> + <i>perpétuel</i>—L. <i>perpetuus</i>, continuous.]</p> <p><b>Perpetuate</b>, per-pet′ū-āt, <i>v.t.</i> to make perpetual: to cause to last for ever or for a very long time: to preserve @@ -18821,7 +18783,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> inquiry; <b><span class="nw">Perquis′itor</span></b>, the first purchaser of an estate. [L. <i>perquisitum</i>, from <i>perquirĕre</i>—<i>per</i>, thoroughly, - <i>quærĕre</i>, to ask.]</p> + <i>quærĕre</i>, to ask.]</p> <p><b>Perradial</b>, pėr-rā′di-al, <i>adj.</i> fundamentally radial.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -18836,7 +18798,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Perruque</b>, <b>Perruquier</b>. See <b>Peruke</b>.</p> <p><b>Perry</b>, per′i, <i>n.</i> an agreeable beverage made by - fermenting the juice of pears. [Fr. <i>poiré</i>, from <i>poire</i>, a + fermenting the juice of pears. [Fr. <i>poiré</i>, from <i>poire</i>, a pear—L. <i>pirum</i>.]</p> <p><b>Persant</b>, pėrs′ant, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>). @@ -18897,7 +18859,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> muslin with coloured printed pattern: (<i>pl.</i>) Persian blinds, outside shutters of thin movable slats in a frame.</p> - <p><b>Persiflage</b>, pėr′si-fläzh, <i>n.</i> a frivolous way + <p><b>Persiflage</b>, pėr′si-fläzh, <i>n.</i> a frivolous way of talking or treating any subject: banter.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Per′siflant</span></b>, bantering.—<i>v.i.</i> <b><span class="nw">Per′siflāte</span></b> @@ -18993,7 +18955,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Persona</b>, pėr-sō′na, <i>n.</i> a person.—<b>Persona grata</b>, a person who is acceptable to those - to whom he is sent.—<b>Dramatis personæ</b>, the characters in a + to whom he is sent.—<b>Dramatis personæ</b>, the characters in a play or story. [L.]</p> <p><b>Personify</b>, per-son′i-fī, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>rhet.</i>) @@ -19231,11 +19193,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> saddle-horse in rearing. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Peseta</b>, pe-sā′ta, <i>n.</i> a silver coin of Spain - worth 9½d. [Sp., dim. of <i>pesa</i>, weight.]</p> + worth 9½d. [Sp., dim. of <i>pesa</i>, weight.]</p> <p><b>Peshito</b>, pe-shē′to, <i>n.</i> a translation of the Bible into Syriac, made in the second century.—Also <b><span - class="nw">Peshit′to</span></b>. [Syriac, <i>pĕshittá</i>, + class="nw">Peshit′to</span></b>. [Syriac, <i>pĕshittá</i>, the simple.]</p> <p><b>Peshwa</b>, pesh′wa, <i>n.</i> a chief or prince of the @@ -19288,7 +19250,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pes′terer</span></b>, one who pesters.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pes′teringly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pes′terment</span></b>, annoyance. [Short for - <i>impester</i>, O. Fr. <i>empestrer</i> (Fr. <i>empêtrer</i>), to + <i>impester</i>, O. Fr. <i>empestrer</i> (Fr. <i>empêtrer</i>), to entangle, from <i>in</i>, in, Low L. <i>pastorium</i>, a foot-shackle—L. <i>pastus</i>, pa.p. of <i>pascĕre</i>, to feed.]</p> @@ -19313,7 +19275,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:9%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Petals.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Petals.png" - alt="Petals." title="Petals." /></a> + alt="Petals." title="Petals."></a> </div> <p><b>Petal</b>, pet′al, <i>n.</i> a flower-leaf: a corolla leaf.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pet′aled</span></b>, @@ -19328,14 +19290,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> petal—also <b><span class="nw">Petaloi′deous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>petalon</i>, a leaf.]</p> - <p><b>Petard</b>, pē-tärd′, <i>n.</i> a kind of mortar filled + <p><b>Petard</b>, pē-tärd′, <i>n.</i> a kind of mortar filled with gunpowder, fixed to gates, barriers, &c., to break them down by explosion—(<i>Shak.</i>) <b><span class="nw">Petar′</span></b>: a paper bomb in pyrotechny.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Petardeer′</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Petardier′</span></b>.—<b>Hoist with one's own - petard</b> (see <b>Hoist</b>). [O. Fr.—<i>péter</i>, to crack or + petard</b> (see <b>Hoist</b>). [O. Fr.—<i>péter</i>, to crack or explode—L. <i>pedĕre</i>, cog. with Gr. <i>perdein</i>, Eng. <i>fart</i>.]</p> @@ -19350,7 +19312,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Petchary</b>, pech′a-ri, <i>n.</i> the gray king-bird.</p> - <p><b>Petechiæ</b>, pē-tek′i-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> purple + <p><b>Petechiæ</b>, pē-tek′i-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> purple spots on the skin.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Petech′ial</span></b>. [L. <i>petigo</i>, a scab.]</p> @@ -19385,7 +19347,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Petit</b>, pet′i, <i>adj.</i> small:—<i>fem.</i> <b>Petite</b> <span class="nw">(pe-tēt′).</span>—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pet′it-maî′tre</span></b>, a dandy, a coxcomb + class="nw">Pet′it-maî′tre</span></b>, a dandy, a coxcomb generally. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Petition</b>, pē-tish′un, <i>n.</i> a request generally @@ -19410,7 +19372,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Petre</b>. Same as <b>Saltpetre</b>.</p> <p><b>Petrean</b>, pē-trē′an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to - rock. [L. <i>petræus</i>—Gr. <i>petraios</i>—<i>petra</i>, a + rock. [L. <i>petræus</i>—Gr. <i>petraios</i>—<i>petra</i>, a rock.]</p> <p><b>Petrel</b>, pet′rel, <i>n.</i> a long-winged dusky sea-bird, @@ -19457,7 +19419,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Petrine</b>, pē′trin, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to, or written by, the Apostle <i>Peter</i>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pē′trinism</span></b>, the Tübingen theory of F. + class="nw">Pē′trinism</span></b>, the Tübingen theory of F. C. Baur (1792-1860) and his school, of a doctrinal trend in primitive Christianity towards Judaism, ascribed to Peter and his party in opposition to <i>Paulinism</i>. [L. <i>Petrinus</i>—<i>Petrus</i>, @@ -19587,24 +19549,24 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Phā′coscope</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phakos</i>, a lentil.]</p> - <p><b>Phænogamous</b>, <b>Phenogamous</b>, <span + <p><b>Phænogamous</b>, <b>Phenogamous</b>, <span class="nw">fē-nog′a-mus,</span> <i>adj.</i> having manifest flowers, phanerogamous.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Phæ′nogam</span></b>, a phanerogamous plant; <b><span - class="nw">Phænogā′mia</span></b>=<i>Phanerogamia</i>.—<i>adj.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Phænogam′ic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phainein</i>, + class="nw">Phæ′nogam</span></b>, a phanerogamous plant; <b><span + class="nw">Phænogā′mia</span></b>=<i>Phanerogamia</i>.—<i>adj.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Phænogam′ic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phainein</i>, to show, <i>gamos</i>, marriage.]</p> <p><b>Phaeton</b>, fā′e-ton, <i>n.</i> a kind of open pleasure-carriage on four wheels, drawn by one or two horses, from - <i>Phaëthon</i>, son of Helios, the sun, whose chariot he attempted to + <i>Phaëthon</i>, son of Helios, the sun, whose chariot he attempted to drive: a tropic bird.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Phaëton′ic</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Phaëton′ic</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Phagedena</b>, <b>Phagedæna</b>, faj-e-dē′na, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Phagedena</b>, <b>Phagedæna</b>, faj-e-dē′na, <i>n.</i> a sloughing ulcer, hospital gangrene.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phagedē′nic</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Phagedæ′nic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phagein</i>, to + class="nw">Phagedæ′nic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phagein</i>, to eat.]</p> <p><b>Phagocyte</b>, fag′o-sīt, <i>n.</i> a white or @@ -19618,7 +19580,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> destruction of microbes by phagocytes. [Gr. <i>phagein</i>, to eat, <i>kytos</i>, a vessel.]</p> - <p><b>Phalæna</b>, fā-lē′na, <i>n.</i> the Linnæan + <p><b>Phalæna</b>, fā-lē′na, <i>n.</i> the Linnæan genus including moths.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phalē′noid</span></b>. [Gr. <i>phalaina</i>, a moth.]</p> @@ -19627,7 +19589,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> any of the joints of an insect's tarsus: a bundle of stamens joined by their filaments: a socialistic community in Fourier's dream of an ideal arrangement of society, consisting of 1800 persons living in a - <i>phalanstère</i>—generally in <i>pl.</i>, the usual <i>sing</i>. + <i>phalanstère</i>—generally in <i>pl.</i>, the usual <i>sing</i>. being <b><span class="nw">Phā′lanx</span></b> (q.v.).—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phalan′gal</span></b>, <b><span @@ -19715,7 +19677,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Phantastic</b>, <b>Phantasy</b>. See <b>Fantastic</b>, <b>Fantasy</b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Phantā′siast</span></b>, one of those Docetæ who + class="nw">Phantā′siast</span></b>, one of those Docetæ who believed Christ's body to have been a mere phantom.</p> <p><b>Phantom</b>, fan′tom, <i>n.</i> a phantasm.—<i>adj.</i> @@ -19727,7 +19689,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> kings of ancient Egypt.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pharaon′ic</span></b>. [Heb.,—Egyptian.]</p> - <p><b>Phare</b>, fär, <i>n.</i> a lighthouse.—Also <b><span + <p><b>Phare</b>, fär, <i>n.</i> a lighthouse.—Also <b><span class="nw">Phā′ros</span></b>. [<i>Pharos</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pharisee</b>, far′i-sē, <i>n.</i> one of a religious @@ -19742,11 +19704,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Phar′isāism</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Phar′iseeism</span></b>, the practice and opinions of the Pharisees: strict observance of outward forms in religion without the - spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. <i>pharisæus</i>—Gr. + spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. <i>pharisæus</i>—Gr. <i>pharisaios</i>—Heb. <i>pārūsh</i>, separated from, <i>parash</i>, to separate.]</p> - <p><b>Pharmaceutic</b>, <b>-al</b>, fär-ma-sū′tik, -al, + <p><b>Pharmaceutic</b>, <b>-al</b>, fär-ma-sū′tik, -al, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the knowledge or art of preparing medicines.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pharmaceū′tically</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> @@ -19755,13 +19717,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pharmaceū′tist</span></b>, one who practises pharmacy.</p> - <p><b>Pharmacopœia</b>, fär-ma-kō-pē′ya, + <p><b>Pharmacopœia</b>, fär-ma-kō-pē′ya, <i>n.</i> a book containing directions for the preparation of medicines: a collection of drugs.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pharmacopœ′ial</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pharmakon</i>, a drug, <i>poiein</i>, to make.]</p> - <p><b>Pharmacy</b>, fär′ma-si, <i>n.</i> a department of the + <p><b>Pharmacy</b>, fär′ma-si, <i>n.</i> a department of the medical art which consists in the collecting, preparing, preserving, and dispensing of medicines: the art of preparing and mixing medicines: a drug-store.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -19814,7 +19776,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Phase′less</span></b>, unchanging. [Gr. <i>phasis</i>—<i>phaein</i>, to shine.]</p> - <p><b>Phasma</b>, fas′mä, <i>n.</i> a genus of gressorial + <p><b>Phasma</b>, fas′mä, <i>n.</i> a genus of gressorial orthopterous insects—walking-stick insects, spectre-insects (<i>Phasma</i>), and leaf-insects.</p> @@ -19852,14 +19814,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Phenix</b>=<i>Phœnix</i>.</p> - <p><b>Phenogam</b>=<i>Phænogam</i>.</p> + <p><b>Phenogam</b>=<i>Phænogam</i>.</p> - <p><b>Phenogamia</b>=<i>Phænogamia</i>.</p> + <p><b>Phenogamia</b>=<i>Phænogamia</i>.</p> <p><b>Phenol</b>, fē′nol. <i>n.</i> phenyl alcohol or carbolic acid. [<i>Fr.</i>]</p> - <p><b>Phenology</b>, <b>Phænology</b>, fē-nol′ō-ji, + <p><b>Phenology</b>, <b>Phænology</b>, fē-nol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> the branch of biology treating of animal or plant life and development as affected by climate.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phenolog′ic</span></b>, <b><span @@ -19896,7 +19858,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Phenyl</b>, fē′nil, <i>n.</i> an organic radical found esp. in carbolic acid, benzole, and aniline.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phē′nic</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Phenyl′ic</span></b>. [Fr. <i>phényle</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Phenyl′ic</span></b>. [Fr. <i>phényle</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pheon</b>, fē′on, <i>n.</i> (<i>her.</i>) the barbed iron head of a dart: the broad arrow marking property of the Crown.</p> @@ -20119,7 +20081,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Phlœum</b>, flē′um, <i>n.</i> the cellular portion of bark next the epidermis—also <i>Epiphlœum</i> and - Bast.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phlō′ëm</span></b>, + Bast.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phlō′ëm</span></b>, the bast or liber portion of a vascular bundle. [Gr. <i>phloios</i>, bark.]</p> @@ -20136,7 +20098,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Phlox</b>, floks, <i>n.</i> a well-known garden plant, so called from its colour. [Gr.,—<i>phlegein</i>, to burn.]</p> - <p><b>Phlyctæna</b>, <b>Phlyctena</b>, flik-tē′na, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Phlyctæna</b>, <b>Phlyctena</b>, flik-tē′na, <i>n.</i> a small vesicle.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phlyctē′nar</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Phlyctē′noid</span></b>; <b><span @@ -20150,16 +20112,16 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Phō′ca</span></b>, a seal.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phocā′cean</span></b>, relating to the genus <i>Phoca</i>.—<i>n.</i> a seal of this genus.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Phocæ′na</span></b>, a genus of delphinoid + <b><span class="nw">Phocæ′na</span></b>, a genus of delphinoid odontocete cetaceans—the true porpoises.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phō′cal</span></b>; <b><span - class="nw">Phocæ′nine</span></b>, like a porpoise. [L. + class="nw">Phocæ′nine</span></b>, like a porpoise. [L. <i>phoca</i>—Gr. <i>phōkē</i>, a seal.]</p> <p><b>Phœbus</b>, fē′bus, <i>n.</i> the sun-god: the sun:—<i>fem.</i> <b>Phœbe</b> <span class="nw">(fē′bē),</span> the moon. [L.,—Gr. - <i>phoibos</i>, bright, <i>phæin</i>, to shine.]</p> + <i>phoibos</i>, bright, <i>phæin</i>, to shine.]</p> <p><b>Phœnician</b>, <b>Phenician</b>, <span class="nw">fē-nish′an,</span> <i>adj.</i> pertaining to @@ -20552,7 +20514,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> waste away.]</p> <p><b>Phycology</b>, fī-kol′ō-ji, <i>n.</i> the - knowledge of algæ or sea-weeds.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + knowledge of algæ or sea-weeds.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phycog′raphy</span></b>, systematic description of algae.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Phycolog′ic</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -20560,7 +20522,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:11%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Phylactery.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Phylactery.png" - alt="Phylactery." title="Phylactery." /></a> + alt="Phylactery." title="Phylactery."></a> </div> <p><b>Phylactery</b>, fi-lak′te-ri, <i>n.</i> a charm or amulet: among the Jews, a slip of parchment inscribed with certain passages of @@ -20588,7 +20550,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> leaf.]</p> <p><b>Phyllium</b>, fil′i-um, <i>n.</i> a genus of orthopterous - insects of family <i>Phasmidæ</i>—leaf-insects or + insects of family <i>Phasmidæ</i>—leaf-insects or walking-leaves.</p> <p><b>Phyllodium</b>, fi-lō′di-um, <i>n.</i> a petiole which @@ -20709,7 +20671,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> nature.]</p> <p><b>Physiocracy</b>, fiz-i-ok′rā-si, <i>n.</i> the economic - doctrine of the physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his + doctrine of the physiocrats (François Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society should be governed by a natural order inherent in itself, land and its products the only true source of wealth, direct taxation of land the only proper source of revenue.—<i>n.</i> @@ -20913,7 +20875,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the vascular membrane investing the brain: (<i>Shak.</i>) the brain. [L.]</p> - <p><b>Pianoforte</b>, pi-ä′no-fōr′tā, generally + <p><b>Pianoforte</b>, pi-ä′no-fōr′tā, generally shortened to <b>Piano</b> <span class="nw">(pi-an′ō),</span> <i>n.</i> a musical instrument furnished with wires struck by little hammers which are moved by keys, so as to produce both soft and strong @@ -20926,7 +20888,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pianis′simo</span></b>, very softly.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pian′ist</span></b>, one who plays on the pianoforte, or one well skilled in it.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Piän′o</span></b> (<i>mus.</i>), + class="nw">Piän′o</span></b> (<i>mus.</i>), softly.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pian′o-school</span></b>, a school where piano music is taught; <b><span class="nw">Pian′o-stool</span></b>, a stool on @@ -20975,20 +20937,20 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> with a lance, who commences a bull-fight by pricking the bull with his weapon. [Sp. <i>pica</i>, a pike.]</p> - <p><b>Picamar</b>, pik′a-mär, <i>n.</i> the bitter principle of + <p><b>Picamar</b>, pik′a-mär, <i>n.</i> the bitter principle of tar. [L. <i>pix</i>, pitch, <i>amarus</i>, bitter.]</p> - <p><b>Picard</b>, pik′ärd, <i>n.</i> a high shoe for men, + <p><b>Picard</b>, pik′ärd, <i>n.</i> a high shoe for men, introduced from France about 1720.</p> <p><b>Picaroon</b>, pik-a-rōōn′, <i>n.</i> one who lives by his wits: a cheat: a pirate.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Picaresque′</span></b>.—<b>Picaresque novels</b>, the tales of Spanish rogue and vagabond life, much in vogue in the 17th - century. [Sp. <i>picaron</i>—<i>pícaro</i>, a rogue.]</p> + century. [Sp. <i>picaron</i>—<i>pÃcaro</i>, a rogue.]</p> <p><b>Picayune</b>, pik-a-yōōn′, <i>n.</i> a small coin - worth 6¼ cents, current in United States before 1857, and known in + worth 6¼ cents, current in United States before 1857, and known in different states by different names (<i>fourpence</i>, <i>fippence</i>, <i>fip</i>, <i>sixpence</i>, &c.).—<i>adj.</i> petty. [Carib.]</p> @@ -21003,7 +20965,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Piccaninny</b>, <b>Pickaninny</b>, <span class="nw">pik′a-nin-i,</span> <i>n.</i> a little child: an African - or negro child. [Perh. from Sp. <i>pequeño niño</i>='little child.']</p> + or negro child. [Perh. from Sp. <i>pequeño niño</i>='little child.']</p> <p><b>Piccolo</b>, pik′ō-lō, <i>n.</i> a flute of small size, having the same compass as an ordinary flute, while the notes all @@ -21011,7 +20973,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> piccolo</i>, <i>Octave flute</i>, <i>Ottavino</i>. [It.]</p> <p><b>Pice</b>, pīs, <i>n.sing.</i> and <i>pl.</i> a money of - account and a copper coin, ¼ anna. [Marathi <i>paisa</i>.]</p> + account and a copper coin, ¼ anna. [Marathi <i>paisa</i>.]</p> <p><b>Picea</b>, pī′sē-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of coniferous trees, including the spruce.</p> @@ -21103,7 +21065,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pick′le-worm</span></b>, the larva of a pyralid moth.—<b>Have a rod in pickle</b>, to have a punishment ready. [M. E. <i>pikil</i>, prob. <i>pick-le</i>; Dut. <i>pekel</i>; Ger. - <i>pökel</i>.]</p> + <i>pökel</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pickle</b>, pik′l, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) a small quantity.—<i>v.t.</i> and <i>v.i.</i> to eat sparingly: to @@ -21126,7 +21088,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Picot</b>, pē-kō′, <i>n.</i> a loop in an ornamental edging, the front of a flounce, &c.—<i>adj.</i> - <b>Picotté</b>. [Fr.]</p> + <b>Picotté</b>. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Picotee</b>, pik-ō-tē′, <i>n.</i> a florist's variety of carnation. [From the French botanist <i>Picot</i>, Baron de la @@ -21134,7 +21096,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Picquet</b>. Same as <b>Piquet</b>.</p> - <p><b>Picqué-work</b>, pē-kā′-wurk, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Picqué-work</b>, pē-kā′-wurk, <i>n.</i> decoration by dots or slight depressions.—Also <b>Pounced-work</b>.</p> @@ -21152,7 +21114,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> indicus</i>.—<b>Picric acid</b>, an acid used as a dye for wool, &c. [Gr. <i>pikros</i>, bitter.]</p> - <p><b>Pict</b>, pikt, <i>n.</i> one of an ancient race for 5½ centuries + <p><b>Pict</b>, pikt, <i>n.</i> one of an ancient race for 5½ centuries (296-844 <span class="scac">A.D.</span>) inhabiting eastern Scotland, from the Forth to the Pentland Firth, most probably Celts, but more nearly allied to the Cymry than to the Gael.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -21200,7 +21162,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Picul</b>, <b>Pecul</b>, pik′ul, <i>n.</i> a Chinese weight of about 133⅓ lb.</p> - <p><b>Picus</b>, pī′kus, <i>n.</i> a Linnæan genus of + <p><b>Picus</b>, pī′kus, <i>n.</i> a Linnæan genus of woodpeckers.</p> <p><b>Piddle</b>, pid′l, <i>v.i.</i> to deal in trifles: to trifle: @@ -21264,7 +21226,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Piec′er</span></b>, a boy or girl employed in a spinning-factory to join broken threads; <b><span class="nw">Piece′work</span></b>, work done by the piece or - quantity rather than by time.—<b>Pièce de résistance</b>, principal + quantity rather than by time.—<b>Pièce de résistance</b>, principal piece: chief event or performance: chief dish at a dinner; <b>Piece of eight</b>, the Spanish <i>peso duro</i> ('hard dollar'), bearing the numeral 8, of the value of 8 reals (prob. the sign $ is derived from @@ -21331,7 +21293,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Piet</b>, pī′et, <i>n.</i> a pie or magpie. [<i>Pie.</i>]</p> - <p><b>Pietà</b>, pē-ā-ta′, <i>n.</i> a representation + <p><b>Pietà </b>, pē-ā-ta′, <i>n.</i> a representation of the Virgin embracing the dead body of Jesus.</p> <p><b>Pietra-dura</b>, pyā′tra-dōō′ra, @@ -21348,7 +21310,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> German religious reformers of deep devotional feeling (end of 17th century).—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pietist′ic</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">-al</span></b>. [Fr. <i>piété</i>—L. <i>pietas</i>.]</p> + class="nw">-al</span></b>. [Fr. <i>piété</i>—L. <i>pietas</i>.]</p> <p><b>Piezometer</b>, pī-e-zom′e-tėr, <i>n.</i> an instrument for measuring the compressibility of liquids. [Gr. @@ -21448,15 +21410,15 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> man in charge of a turnpike gate; <b><span class="nw">Pike′-perch</span></b>, a common percoid fish; <b><span class="nw">Pike′staff</span></b>, the staff or shaft of a pike: a - staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. <i>píc</i>, <i>piic</i>, a pike; Dut. + staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. <i>pÃc</i>, <i>piic</i>, a pike; Dut. <i>piek</i>, Ger. <i>pike</i>, <i>pieke</i>; or Celt., as Gael. - <i>pìc</i>, a pike, W. <i>pig</i>, a point.]</p> + <i>pìc</i>, a pike, W. <i>pig</i>, a point.]</p> <p><b>Pike</b>, pīk, <i>v.i.</i> to go quickly.—<i>n.</i> a turnpike.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pī′ker</span></b>, a tramp.</p> - <p><b>Pila</b>, pī′la, <i>n.</i> in archæology and art, a + <p><b>Pila</b>, pī′la, <i>n.</i> in archæology and art, a mortar. [L.]</p> <p><b>Pilar</b>, pī′lar, <i>adj.</i> hairy.—Also @@ -21482,7 +21444,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [A.S. <i>pylce</i>—Low L. <i>pellicea</i>—L. <i>pellis</i>, skin.]</p> - <p><b>Pilchard</b>, pil′chärd, <i>n.</i> a sea-fish like the + <p><b>Pilchard</b>, pil′chärd, <i>n.</i> a sea-fish like the herring, but thicker and rounder, caught chiefly on the Cornish coast. [Prob. Celt., Ir. <i>pilseir</i>.]</p> @@ -21508,7 +21470,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> dwelling built on piles, a lake-dwelling; <b><span class="nw">Pile′work</span></b>, work or foundations made of piles; <b><span class="nw">Pile′-worm</span></b>, a worm found eating into - the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. <i>píl</i>—L. + the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. <i>pÃl</i>—L. <i>pīla</i>, a pillar.]</p> <p><b>Pile</b>, pīl, <i>n.</i> hair, fur: the nap on cloth, esp. if @@ -21517,7 +21479,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pile′-worn</span></b>, worn threadbare. [O. Fr. <i>peil</i>, <i>poil</i>—L. <i>pĭlus</i>, a hair.]</p> - <p><b>Piles</b>, pīlz, <i>n.pl.</i> hæmorrhoids. [L. + <p><b>Piles</b>, pīlz, <i>n.pl.</i> hæmorrhoids. [L. <i>pĭla</i>, a ball.]</p> <p><b>Pileum</b>, pil′ē-um, <i>n.</i> (<i>ornith.</i>) the @@ -21567,7 +21529,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> 1620; <b>Pilgrim's shell</b>, a cockle-shell used as a sign that one had visited the Holy Land; <b>Pilgrim's staff</b>, a long staff which pilgrims carried as a sort of badge. [O. Fr. <i>pelegrin</i> (Fr. - <i>pèlerin</i>)—L. <i>peregrinus</i>, foreigner, + <i>pèlerin</i>)—L. <i>peregrinus</i>, foreigner, stranger—<i>pereger</i>, a traveller—<i>per</i>, through, <i>ager</i>, land.]</p> @@ -21630,7 +21592,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:14%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pillory.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pillory.png" - alt="Pillory." title="Pillory." /></a> + alt="Pillory." title="Pillory."></a> </div> <p><b>Pillory</b>, pil′o-ri, <i>n.</i> a wooden frame, supported by an upright pillar or post, and having holes through which the head and @@ -21659,7 +21621,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pillworm</b>, pil′wurm, <i>n.</i> the millipede.</p> - <p><b>Pilocarpus</b>, pī-lō-kär′pus, <i>n.</i> a shrub + <p><b>Pilocarpus</b>, pī-lō-kär′pus, <i>n.</i> a shrub about four or five feet high, slightly branched, the branches erect, a native of Brazil.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pilocar′pine</span></b>, an alkaloid isolated from @@ -21777,7 +21739,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pin</b>, pin, <i>n.</i> an induration of the membranes of the eye, cataract. [A.S. <i>pinn</i>—Low L. <i>pannus</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Piña-cloth</b>, pē′nya-kloth, <i>n.</i> a beautiful + <p><b>Piña-cloth</b>, pē′nya-kloth, <i>n.</i> a beautiful fabric made of the fibres of the leaves of the pine-apple plant.</p> <p><b>Pinafore</b>, pin′a-fōr, <i>n.</i> a loose covering of @@ -21874,13 +21836,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pī′ney</span></b>, abounding in pine-trees.—<b>Pine-tree money</b>, silver money coined at Boston in the 17th century, and so called from the coins bearing the rude figure - of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. <i>pín</i>,—L. <i>pīnus</i> + of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. <i>pÃn</i>,—L. <i>pīnus</i> (for <i>pic-nus</i>),—<i>pix</i>, <i>picis</i>, pitch.]</p> <p><b>Pine</b>, pīn, <i>v.i.</i> to waste away under pain or mental distress: to languish with longing.—<i>v.t.</i> to grieve for: to bewail.—<i>n.</i> wasting pain: weary suffering.—<b>Done to - pine</b>, starved to death. [A.S. <i>pínian</i>, to torment—L. + pine</b>, starved to death. [A.S. <i>pÃnian</i>, to torment—L. <i>pœna</i>, punishment.]</p> <p><b>Pinfold</b>, pin′fōld, <i>n.</i> a pound or enclosure @@ -21949,7 +21911,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pinna</b>, pin′a, <i>n.</i> a single leaflet of a pinnate leaf: a wing, fin, or the like: the auricle of the ear:—<i>pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Pinn′æ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + <b><span class="nw">Pinn′æ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pinn′ate</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-d</span></b>, shaped like a feather: furnished with wings or fins.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pinn′ately</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> @@ -21977,7 +21939,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:10%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pinnacle.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pinnacle.png" - alt="Pinnacle." title="Pinnacle." /></a> + alt="Pinnacle." title="Pinnacle."></a> </div> <p><b>Pinnacle</b>, pin′a-kl, <i>n.</i> a slender turret: a high point like a spire: the highest point of a mountain, @@ -22003,7 +21965,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pil′nie-winks</span></b>. [A corr. of <i>periwinkle</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pint</b>, pīnt, <i>n.</i> a measure of capacity=½ quart or 4 + <p><b>Pint</b>, pīnt, <i>n.</i> a measure of capacity=½ quart or 4 gills: (<i>med.</i>) 12 ounces.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pint′-pot</span></b>, a pot for holding a pint, esp. a pewter pot for beer: a seller or drinker of beer; <b><span @@ -22011,7 +21973,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pint. [Fr. <i>pinte</i>—Sp. <i>pinta</i>, mark—L. <i>picta</i>, <i>pingĕre</i>, to paint.]</p> - <p><b>Pintado</b>, pin-tä′do, <i>adj.</i> painted, + <p><b>Pintado</b>, pin-tä′do, <i>adj.</i> painted, spotted.—<i>n.</i> the guinea-fowl: chintz, applied to all printed goods.</p> @@ -22102,11 +22064,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> round it.—<b>Pipe down</b>, to dismiss from muster, as a ship's company; <b>Pipe off</b>, to watch a house or person for purposes of theft; <b>Pipe one's eye</b>, to weep.—<b>Drunk as a piper</b>, - very drunk; <b>Pay the piper</b>, to bear the expense. [A.S. <i>pípe</i>; + very drunk; <b>Pay the piper</b>, to bear the expense. [A.S. <i>pÃpe</i>; Dut. <i>pijp</i>, Ger. <i>pfeife</i>.]</p> <p><b>Piperaceous</b>, pip-e-rā′shi-us, <i>adj.</i> - pertaining to the <b><span class="nw">Piperā′ceæ</span></b>, + pertaining to the <b><span class="nw">Piperā′ceæ</span></b>, the pepper family.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Piper′ic</span></b>, produced from such plants.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pip′erine</span></b>, @@ -22116,7 +22078,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> small portions of a fluid from one vessel to another. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Pipi</b>, pē′pē, <i>n.</i> the astringent pods of - <i>Cæsalpinia pipai</i>, a Brazilian plant used in tanning.</p> + <i>Cæsalpinia pipai</i>, a Brazilian plant used in tanning.</p> <p><b>Piping</b>, pī′ping, <i>adj.</i> uttering a weak, shrill, piping sound, like the sick: sickly: feeble: @@ -22159,10 +22121,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">piq′uing;</span> <i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> piqued. [Fr. <i>pique</i>, a pike, pique; cf. <i>Pick</i> and <i>Pike</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Piqué</b>, pē-kā′, <i>n.</i> a heavy cotton + <p><b>Piqué</b>, pē-kā′, <i>n.</i> a heavy cotton fabric having a surface corded or with a raised lozenge pattern: a similar pattern produced by quilting with the needle.—<i>n.</i> - <b>Piqué-work</b>. [Fr.]</p> + <b>Piqué-work</b>. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Piquet</b>. Same as <b>Picket</b>.</p> @@ -22170,7 +22132,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cards.—<i>n.</i> <b>Pique</b>, in piquet, the scoring of 30 points in one hand before the other side scores at all. [<i>Picket</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Piragua</b>, pi-rä′gwä. Same as <b>Periagua</b>.</p> + <p><b>Piragua</b>, pi-rä′gwä. Same as <b>Periagua</b>.</p> <p><b>Pirate</b>, pī′rāt, <i>n.</i> one who, without authority, attempts to capture ships at sea: a sea-robber: an armed @@ -22224,7 +22186,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:13%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Piscina.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Piscina.png" - alt="Piscina." title="Piscina." /></a> + alt="Piscina." title="Piscina."></a> </div> <p><b>Piscina</b>, pis-ī′na, <i>n.</i> a basin or tank, esp. one for holding fishes or for growing water-plants: a fish-pond: @@ -22234,7 +22196,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pis′cinal</span></b>, belonging to a fish-pond. [L., a fish-pond, a cistern—<i>piscis</i>, a fish.]</p> - <p><b>Pisé</b>, pē-zā′, <i>n.</i> stiff earth or clay + <p><b>Pisé</b>, pē-zā′, <i>n.</i> stiff earth or clay rammed down to form walls or floors. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Pish</b>, pish, <i>interj.</i> expressing contempt. [Imit.]</p> @@ -22476,8 +22438,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pit′ilessness</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pit′yingly</span></b>, in a pitying manner.—<b>It pitieth me, you, them</b>, &c. (<i>Pr. Bk.</i>), it causeth pity in - me, you, them, &c. [O. Fr. <i>pite</i> (Fr. <i>pitié</i>, It. - <i>pietà</i>)—L. <i>pietas</i>, <i>pietatis</i>—<i>pius</i>, + me, you, them, &c. [O. Fr. <i>pite</i> (Fr. <i>pitié</i>, It. + <i>pietà </i>)—L. <i>pietas</i>, <i>pietatis</i>—<i>pius</i>, pious.]</p> <p><b>Pityriasis</b>, pit-i-rī′a-sis, <i>n.</i> the term @@ -22487,7 +22449,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pit′yroid</span></b>, bran-like. [Gr. <i>pityron</i>, bran.]</p> - <p><b>Più</b>, pū, <i>adv.</i> more.—<b>Più allegro</b>, + <p><b>Più</b>, pū, <i>adv.</i> more.—<b>Più allegro</b>, quicker. [It.]</p> <p><b>Pivot</b>, piv′ut, <i>n.</i> the pin on which anything turns: @@ -22522,7 +22484,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pize</b>, pīz, <i>n.</i> a term used in execration, like <i>pox</i>.</p> - <p><b>Pizzicato</b>, pit-si-kä′to, <i>adj.</i> a phrase used in + <p><b>Pizzicato</b>, pit-si-kä′to, <i>adj.</i> a phrase used in music for the violin or violoncello, to denote that here the strings are to be twitched with the fingers in the manner of a harp or guitar. [It.,—<i>pizzicare</i>, to twitch.]</p> @@ -22544,12 +22506,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>placabilis</i>—<i>placāre</i>, to appease, akin to <i>placēre</i>, to please.]</p> - <p><b>Placard</b>, plak′ärd, or plā-kärd′, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Placard</b>, plak′ärd, or plā-kärd′, <i>n.</i> a written or printed paper stuck upon a wall as an advertisement, &c.: a public proclamation: the woodwork and frame of the door of a closet and the like.—<i>v.t.</i> <b>Placard</b> <span - class="nw">(plā-kärd′,</span> or <span - class="nw">plak′ärd),</span> to publish or notify by placards. [Fr. + class="nw">(plā-kärd′,</span> or <span + class="nw">plak′ärd),</span> to publish or notify by placards. [Fr. <i>placard</i>, a bill stuck on a wall—<i>plaque</i>, plate, tablet; acc. to Diez, from Dut. <i>plak</i>, a piece of flat wood.]</p> @@ -22591,7 +22553,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> unites the unborn mammal to the womb of its mother and establishes a nutritive connection between them: (<i>bot.</i>) the portion of the ovary which bears the ovules:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Placen′tæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Placen′tæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Placen′tal</span></b>.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Placentā′lia</span></b>, placental mammals.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -22705,7 +22667,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> disease or pestilence: a very troublesome person or thing, esp. a malignant kind of contagious fever, prevailing epidemically, characterised by buboes, or swellings of the lymphatic glands, by - carbuncles and petechiæ.—<i>v.t.</i> to infest with disease or + carbuncles and petechiæ.—<i>v.t.</i> to infest with disease or trouble: to harass or annoy:—<i>pr.p.</i> <span class="nw">plāg′uing;</span> <i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> plāgued.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -22723,7 +22685,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>plēgē</i>.]</p> <p><b>Plaice</b>, plās, <i>n.</i> a broad, flat fish, in the same - genus as the flounder. [O. Fr. <i>plaïs</i> (Fr. <i>plie</i>)—Low + genus as the flounder. [O. Fr. <i>plaïs</i> (Fr. <i>plie</i>)—Low L. <i>platessa</i>, a flat fish—Gr. <i>platys</i>, flat.]</p> <p><b>Plaid</b>, plad, or plād, <i>n.</i> a loose outer garment of @@ -22934,7 +22896,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Plan′etule</span></b>, a little planet.—<b>Minor planets</b>, the numerous group of very small planets which is situated in the solar system between Mars and Jupiter. [Fr. - <i>planète</i>—Gr. <i>planētēs</i>, + <i>planète</i>—Gr. <i>planētēs</i>, wanderer—<i>planān</i>, to make to wander.]</p> <p><b>Plane-tree</b>, plān′-trē, <i>n.</i> any one of @@ -23154,9 +23116,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> another.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plā′ty</span></b>, like a plate.—<b><span class="nw">Half′-plate</span></b>, in photography, a size of plate - measuring 4¾ by 6½ in. (4¼ by 5½ in U.S.); <b><span - class="nw">Quar′ter-plate</span></b>, 3¼ by 4¼ in.; <b><span - class="nw">Whole′-plate</span></b>, 6½ by 8½ in. [O. Fr. + measuring 4¾ by 6½ in. (4¼ by 5½ in U.S.); <b><span + class="nw">Quar′ter-plate</span></b>, 3¼ by 4¼ in.; <b><span + class="nw">Whole′-plate</span></b>, 6½ by 8½ in. [O. Fr. <i>plate</i>, fem. of <i>plat</i>, flat—Gr. <i>platys</i>, broad.]</p> @@ -23266,7 +23228,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> sight.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plaus′ibly</span></b>. [L. <i>plausibilis</i>—<i>plaudĕre</i>, to praise.]</p> - <p><b>Plaustral</b>, plä′stral, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to a + <p><b>Plaustral</b>, plä′stral, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to a wagon. [L. <i>plaustrum</i>, a wagon.]</p> <p><b>Play</b>, plā, <i>v.i.</i> to engage in some amusing @@ -23406,7 +23368,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Plebificā′tion</span></b>, the act of making plebeian.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pleb′ify</span></b>, to make plebeian: to vulgarise. - [Fr. <i>plébéien</i>—L. <i>plebeius</i>—<i>plebs</i>, + [Fr. <i>plébéien</i>—L. <i>plebeius</i>—<i>plebs</i>, <i>plebis</i>, the common people.]</p> <p><b>Plebiscite</b>, pleb′i-sīt, <i>n.</i> a decree of an @@ -23449,7 +23411,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pledges.—<b>Hold in pledge</b>, to keep as security; <b>Put in pledge</b>, to pawn; <b>Take</b>, or <b>Sign</b>, <b>the pledge</b>, to give a written promise to abstain from intoxicating liquor. [O. Fr. - <i>plege</i> (Fr. <i>pleige</i>); prob. L. <i>præbēre</i>, to + <i>plege</i> (Fr. <i>pleige</i>); prob. L. <i>præbēre</i>, to afford.]</p> <p><b>Pledget</b>, plej′et, <i>n.</i> a wad of lint, cotton, @@ -23541,7 +23503,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pleonasmos</i>—<i>pleiōn</i>, more.]</p> <p><b>Pleroma</b>, plē-rō′ma, <i>n.</i> fullness: - abundance: in Gnosticism, divine being, including all æons which emanate + abundance: in Gnosticism, divine being, including all æons which emanate from it. [Gr.,—<i>plērēs</i>, full.]</p> <p><b>Plerophory</b>, plē-rof′ō-ri, <i>n.</i> full @@ -23559,7 +23521,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Plesiomor′phous</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Plesiosaurus</b>, plē-zi-o-saw′rus, <i>n.</i> the type - or leading genus of a family (<i>Plesiosauridæ</i>) of fossil + or leading genus of a family (<i>Plesiosauridæ</i>) of fossil sea-reptiles, which are characteristic of the Mesozoic systems. [Gr. <i>plēsios</i>, near, <i>sauros</i>, lizard.]</p> @@ -23581,7 +23543,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pleura</b>, plōō′ra, <i>n.</i> a delicate serous membrane which covers the lungs and lines the cavity of the chest:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pleu′ræ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Pleu′ræ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pleu′ral</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pleurapoph′ysis</span></b>, a lateral process of a vertebra, with the morphological character of a rib:—<i>pl.</i> @@ -23602,7 +23564,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of the pleura and lungs, a contagious disease peculiar to cattle. [Gr., a rib.]</p> - <p><b>Pleuronectidæ</b>, plōō-ro-nek′ti-dē, + <p><b>Pleuronectidæ</b>, plōō-ro-nek′ti-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> a family of flat-fishes, the flounders. [Gr. <i>pleura</i>, the side, <i>nēktēs</i>, a swimmer.]</p> @@ -23658,7 +23620,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> security: pledge: engagement: promise.—<i>v.t.</i> to pledge: to promise solemnly: to give as security.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plight′er</span></b>, one who, or that which, plights. - [A.S. <i>pliht</i>, risk, danger—<i>plión</i>, to imperil; cog. + [A.S. <i>pliht</i>, risk, danger—<i>plión</i>, to imperil; cog. with Dut. <i>pligt</i>, Ger. <i>pflicht</i>, an obligation.]</p> <p><b>Plight</b>, plīt, <i>n.</i> condition: state (either good or @@ -23667,7 +23629,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Plight</b>, plīt, <i>v.t.</i> to plait, to braid, to weave.—<i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) a plait, a fold. [L. - <i>plectĕre</i>, freq. of <i>plicäre</i>, to fold.]</p> + <i>plectĕre</i>, freq. of <i>plicäre</i>, to fold.]</p> <p><b>Plim</b>, plim, <i>v.i.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) to swell. [<i>Plump</i>.]</p> @@ -23699,7 +23661,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Plonge</b>, plonj, <i>n.</i> the descending part of the path of a bomb: the superior slope of a parapet.—Also <b><span - class="nw">Plon′gée</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Plon′gée</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Plonge</b>, plonj, <i>v.t.</i> to cleanse, as open sewers, by stirring with a pole when the tide is ebbing.</p> @@ -23765,7 +23727,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> frame of wood for clearing snow off roads, railways, &c., drawn by horses or by a locomotive; <b>Steam plough</b>, a plough driven by a stationary steam-engine; <b>The Plough</b>, the seven bright stars in the - constellation of the Great Bear. [Ice. <i>plógr</i>; perh. Celt., Gael. + constellation of the Great Bear. [Ice. <i>plógr</i>; perh. Celt., Gael. <i>ploc</i>, a block.]</p> <p><b>Ploughshare</b>, plow′shār, <i>n.</i> the part of a @@ -23791,7 +23753,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pluck′er</span></b>.—<b>Pluck off</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), to abate from the rank; <b>Pluck up</b>, to pull out by the roots: to summon up, as courage. [A.S. <i>pluccian</i>; akin to Dut. - <i>plukken</i>, Ger. <i>pflücken</i>.]</p> + <i>plukken</i>, Ger. <i>pflücken</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pluck</b>, pluk, <i>n.</i> the heart, liver, and lungs of an animal—hence heart, courage, spirit.—<i>adjs.</i> @@ -23821,8 +23783,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> in Ir., Gael., and W. <i>ploc</i>.]</p> <p><b>Plum</b>, plum, <i>n.</i> a well-known stone fruit of various - colours, of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>: the tree producing it: the - best part of all: a sum of £100,000, a handsome fortune.—<i>ns.</i> + colours, of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>: the tree producing it: the + best part of all: a sum of £100,000, a handsome fortune.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plum′-cake</span></b>, a cake containing raisins, currants, &c.; <b><span class="nw">Plum′-duff</span></b>, a flour-pudding boiled with @@ -23832,7 +23794,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> porridge with plums, raisins, &c.; <b><span class="nw">Plum′-pudd′ing</span></b>, a national English dish made of flour and suet, with raisins, currants, and various spices. [A.S. - <i>plúme</i>—L. <i>prunum</i>—Gr. <i>prounon</i>.]</p> + <i>plúme</i>—L. <i>prunum</i>—Gr. <i>prounon</i>.]</p> <p><b>Plumage</b>, plōōm′āj, <i>n.</i> the whole feathers of a bird. [Fr.,—<i>plume</i>, a feather.]</p> @@ -23860,7 +23822,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> fastened to the top, used to determine a perpendicular. [Fr. <i>plomb</i>—L. <i>plumbum</i>, lead.]</p> - <p><b>Plumbagineæ</b>, plum-ba-jin′ē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a + <p><b>Plumbagineæ</b>, plum-ba-jin′ē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a natural order of oxogenous plants found on seashores and salt-marshes.</p> @@ -23886,7 +23848,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">(plōō-ma-sēr′),</span> one who prepares or deals in plumes; <b><span class="nw">Plume′-bird</span></b>, a term sometimes given to the - <i>Epimachidæ</i> or long-tailed birds-of-Paradise.—<i>adjs.</i> + <i>Epimachidæ</i> or long-tailed birds-of-Paradise.—<i>adjs.</i> <b>Plumed</b>, adorned with feathers; <b><span class="nw">Plume′less</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plume′let</span></b>, a down-feather, a plumule: @@ -23954,7 +23916,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> force: booty: (<i>U.S.</i>) household goods.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Plun′derage</span></b>, the stealing of goods on board ship; <b><span class="nw">Plun′derer</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Plun′derous</span></b>. [Ger. <i>plündern</i>, + <b><span class="nw">Plun′derous</span></b>. [Ger. <i>plündern</i>, to pillage—<i>plunder</i>, trash, baggage; akin to Low Ger. <i>plunnen</i>, rags.]</p> @@ -24010,7 +23972,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pluripresence</b>, plōō-ri-prez′ens, <i>n.</i> presence in more places than one. [L. <i>plus</i>, more, - <i>præsentia</i>, presence.]</p> + <i>præsentia</i>, presence.]</p> <p><b>Plurisy</b>, plōōr′i-si, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) superabundance. [L. <i>plus</i>, <i>pluris</i>, more.]</p> @@ -24115,8 +24077,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> meeting for deliberation on political affairs: the assembly. [Gr.,—<i>pyknos</i>, crowded.]</p> - <p><b>Poaceæ</b>, pō-ā′sē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a - division of the order <i>Gramineæ</i>, the grasses.—<i>n.</i> + <p><b>Poaceæ</b>, pō-ā′sē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a + division of the order <i>Gramineæ</i>, the grasses.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pō′a</span></b>, a genus of grasses. [Gr. <i>poa</i>, grass.]</p> @@ -24216,7 +24178,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> and nocturnal birds allied to the true Goatsuckers. [Gr. <i>pous</i>, the foot, <i>argos</i>, swift.]</p> - <p><b>Podesta</b>, pō-des′tä, <i>n.</i> a chief magistrate in + <p><b>Podesta</b>, pō-des′tä, <i>n.</i> a chief magistrate in the medieval Italian republics: an inferior municipal judge. [It.,—L. <i>potestas</i>, power.]</p> @@ -24231,7 +24193,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> crustacean when ambulatory.—<i><i>adj.</i></i> <b><span class="nw">Podit′ic</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Podocarpus</b>, pod-ō-kär′pus, <i>n.</i> a genus of + <p><b>Podocarpus</b>, pod-ō-kär′pus, <i>n.</i> a genus of tropical coniferous trees. [Gr. <i>pous</i>, <i>podos</i>, foot, <i>karpos</i>, fruit.]</p> @@ -24259,7 +24221,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> composition of high beauty of thought or language, although not in verse.—<i><i>adj.</i></i> <b><span class="nw">Poemat′ic</span></b>, relating to a poem. [Fr. - <i>poème</i>—L. <i>poema</i>—Gr. <i>poiēma</i>, + <i>poème</i>—L. <i>poema</i>—Gr. <i>poiēma</i>, <i>poiein</i>, to make.]</p> <p><b>Pœnology</b>. See <b>Penology</b>.</p> @@ -24268,7 +24230,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> grass.</p> <p><b>Poesy</b>, pō′e-si, <i>n.</i> the art of composing - poems: poetry: a poem: poetical compositions. [Fr. <i>poésie</i>—L. + poems: poetry: a poem: poetical compositions. [Fr. <i>poésie</i>—L. <i>poesis</i>—Gr. <i>poiēsis</i>—<i>poiein</i>, to make.]</p> @@ -24297,7 +24259,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> imagination: utterance in song: metrical composition.—<b>Poetic justice</b>, ideal administration of reward and punishment; <b>Poetic license</b>, a departing from strict fact or rule by a poet for the sake - of effect. [Fr. <i>poète</i>—L. <i>poeta</i>—Gr. + of effect. [Fr. <i>poète</i>—L. <i>poeta</i>—Gr. <i>poiētēs</i>—<i>poiein</i>, to make.]</p> <p><b>Pogge</b>, pog, <i>n.</i> the armed bullhead.</p> @@ -24380,7 +24342,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">point′-de-vīs′,</span> <i>n.</i> (<i>orig.</i>) a lace worked with devices: anything uncommonly nice and exact.—<i>adj.</i> (<i>arch.</i>) scrupulously neat. [Fr. - <i>point</i>, lace, <i>devisé</i>, with a device.]</p> + <i>point</i>, lace, <i>devisé</i>, with a device.]</p> <p><b>Pointel</b>, poin′tel, <i>n.</i> a sharp instrument: any sharp-pointed thing. [O. Fr.,—Low L. <i>punctillum</i>, a little @@ -24500,7 +24462,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> in opposite directions, as in a magnet with its two poles.—<b>Polar bear</b>, a large white bear found in the Arctic regions; <b>Polar circle</b>, a parallel of latitude encircling each of the poles at a - distance of 23° <span class="nw">28′</span> from the pole—the + distance of 23° <span class="nw">28′</span> from the pole—the north polar being called the arctic, the south the antarctic, circle; <b>Polar lights</b>, the aurora borealis or australis. [L. <i>polaris</i>—<i>polus</i>, a pole.]</p> @@ -24523,18 +24485,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>polos</i>—<i>pelein</i>, to be in motion.]</p> <p><b>Pole</b>, pōl, <i>n.</i> a pale or pile: a long piece of - wood: an instrument for measuring: a measure of length, 5½ yards: in - square measure, 30¼ yards.—<i>v.t.</i> to push or stir with a + wood: an instrument for measuring: a measure of length, 5½ yards: in + square measure, 30¼ yards.—<i>v.t.</i> to push or stir with a pole.—<i>v.i.</i> to use a pole.—<i><i>adj.</i></i> <b><span class="nw">Pole′-clipt</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), hedged in with poles.—<b>Under bare poles</b>, with all sails furled. [A.S. - <i>pál</i> (Ger. <i>pfahl</i>)—L. <i>palus</i>, a stake.]</p> + <i>pál</i> (Ger. <i>pfahl</i>)—L. <i>palus</i>, a stake.]</p> <p><b>Pole</b>, pōl, <i>n.</i> a native of <i>Poland</i>.</p> <div class="figright" style="width:7%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Poleaxe.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Poleaxe.png" - alt="Poleaxe." title="Poleaxe." /></a> + alt="Poleaxe." title="Poleaxe."></a> </div> <p><b>Pole-axe</b>, pōl′-aks, <i>n.</i> a battle-axe consisting of an axe-head on a long handle: an axe used by sailors for @@ -24560,7 +24522,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> constructed as to give views of objects not lying directly before the eye. [Gr. <i>polemos</i>, war.]</p> - <p><b>Polemoniaceæ</b>, pol-e-mō-ni-ā′sē-ē, + <p><b>Polemoniaceæ</b>, pol-e-mō-ni-ā′sē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a natural order of plants—the phlox family.</p> <p><b>Polenta</b>, po-len′ta, <i>n.</i> an Italian dish, the chief @@ -24717,7 +24679,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pollag</i>, a whiting.]</p> <p><b>Pollan</b>, pol′an, <i>n.</i> a fresh-water fish of the - family <i>Salmonidæ</i>, a native of lakes in Ireland.</p> + family <i>Salmonidæ</i>, a native of lakes in Ireland.</p> <p><b>Pollard</b>, pol′ard, <i>n.</i> a tree having the whole crown cut off, leaving it to send out new branches from the top of the stem: an @@ -24793,7 +24755,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Polonaise</b>, pō-lō-nāz′, <i>n.</i> a light kind of gown looped up at the sides to show an ornamented petticoat: a short overcoat bordered with fur: a Polish national dance of - slow movement in ¾ time, during which the dancers march or promenade: + slow movement in ¾ time, during which the dancers march or promenade: music for such a dance. [Fr., 'Polish.']</p> <p><b>Polony</b>, po-lō′ni, <i>n.</i> a dry sausage made of @@ -24826,13 +24788,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Polyadelph</b>, pol′i-a-delf, <i>n.</i> a plant having its stamens united in three or more bundles by the filaments.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Polyadel′phia</span></b>, the 18th class in the Linnæan + class="nw">Polyadel′phia</span></b>, the 18th class in the Linnæan system.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polyadel′phian</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Polyadel′phous</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Polyandria</b>, pol-i-an′dri-a, <i>n.</i> a class of plants - in the Linnæan system, having more than twenty stamens inserted on the + in the Linnæan system, having more than twenty stamens inserted on the receptacle.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polyan′drian</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Polyan′drous</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -24918,14 +24880,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> consisting of several combined foliations, a combination of more than five foils.—Also <i>adj.</i></p> - <p><b>Polygalaceæ</b>, pol-i-gā-lā′sē-ē, + <p><b>Polygalaceæ</b>, pol-i-gā-lā′sē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> an order of polypetalous plants—the milkwort family.</p> <p><b>Polygamy</b>, pō-lig′a-mi, <i>n.</i> the practice of having more than one wife at the same time.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polygā′mia</span></b>, the 23d class in the - Linnæan system, embracing plants in which the stamens and pistils are + Linnæan system, embracing plants in which the stamens and pistils are separate in some flowers and associated in others.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polygā′mian</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polyg′amist</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> @@ -24965,7 +24927,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Polygonum</b>, po-lig′o-num, <i>n.</i> a kind of plant with many joints, as the bistort, knotweed, &c.—<i>n.pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Polygonā′ceæ</span></b>, an order of + <b><span class="nw">Polygonā′ceæ</span></b>, an order of apetalous plants, mostly herbs—the buckwheat family. [Gr. <i>polys</i>, many, <i>gonu</i>, a knee.]</p> @@ -24984,7 +24946,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Polygyny</b>, pō-lij′i-ni, <i>n.</i> polygamy.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pol′ygyn</span></b>, a plant of the order <b><span class="nw">Polygyn′ia</span></b> - (<i>pl.</i>), the 12th order in the first 13 classes of the Linnæan + (<i>pl.</i>), the 12th order in the first 13 classes of the Linnæan artificial system of plants, embracing those having flowers with more than twelve styles.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polygyn′ian</span></b>, <b><span @@ -25068,7 +25030,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">(pol′i-pī).</span>—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pol′ypary</span></b>, the horny or chitonous outer covering of a colony of polyps; <b><span - class="nw">Pol′ypide</span></b>, an individual zoöid of a + class="nw">Pol′ypide</span></b>, an individual zoöid of a polyzoarium or compound polyzoan; <b><span class="nw">Polyp′idom</span></b>, an aggregate of polypites or polypides; <b><span class="nw">Pol′ypier</span></b>, one individual @@ -25083,7 +25045,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Polyphagous</b>, pō-lif′a-gus, <i>adj.</i> eating many different kinds of food.</p> - <p><b>Polypharmacy</b>, pol-i-fär′ma-si <i>n.</i> the prescribing + <p><b>Polypharmacy</b>, pol-i-fär′ma-si <i>n.</i> the prescribing of too many medicines.</p> <p><b>Polyphlœsbœan</b>, pol-i-fles-bē′an, @@ -25243,7 +25205,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> polypidom of a polyzoan.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Polyzō′ic</span></b>, filled with imaginary animals, zoolatrous; <b><span - class="nw">Polyzō′öid</span></b>, consisting of many zoöids. + class="nw">Polyzō′öid</span></b>, consisting of many zoöids. [Gr. <i>polys</i>, many, <i>zōon</i>, an animal.]</p> <p><b>Polyzonal</b>, pol-i-zō′nal, <i>adj.</i> composed of @@ -25266,9 +25228,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cold weather the priest at mass warms his numbed hands.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pom′ace</span></b>, the substance of apples or similar fruit: fish-scrap.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pomā′ceæ</span></b>, a suborder of - <i>Rosaceæ</i>—the apple family—also <b><span - class="nw">Pome′æ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Pomā′ceæ</span></b>, a suborder of + <i>Rosaceæ</i>—the apple family—also <b><span + class="nw">Pome′æ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pomā′ceous</span></b>, relating to, consisting of, or resembling apples: like pomace.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pome′-cit′ron</span></b>, a variety of apple; @@ -25309,7 +25271,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pomm′elled</span></b> (<i>her.</i>), having a rounded knob ending in a smaller one; <b><span class="nw">Pomm′etty</span></b>, ending in a small knob, esp. of a - cross—also <b><span class="nw">Pomm′elé</span></b>. [O. Fr. + cross—also <b><span class="nw">Pomm′elé</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>pomel</i> (Fr. <i>pommeau</i>)—L. <i>pomum</i>, an apple.]</p> <p><b>Pomona</b>, pom-ō′na, <i>n.</i> the goddess of fruit @@ -25373,7 +25335,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> collect into a pond.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pon′dage</span></b>, the amount of water in a pond; <b><span class="nw">Pond′-lil′y</span></b>, a plant of the - aquatic genus <i>Nymphæa</i>; <b><span + aquatic genus <i>Nymphæa</i>; <b><span class="nw">Pond′-tur′tle</span></b>, a terrapin, a mud turtle; <b><span class="nw">Pond′weed</span></b>, a common aquatic herb. [From A.S. <i>pyndan</i>, to shut in, thus a doublet of @@ -25481,7 +25443,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> a bridge.]</p> <p><b>Pony</b>, pō′ni, <i>n.</i> a small horse—one less - than 13 hands high: (<i>slang</i>) £25: a key or translation of the + than 13 hands high: (<i>slang</i>) £25: a key or translation of the writings of an author: a small glass of beer.—<i>v.t.</i> to use a crib in translating.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pō′ny-carr′iage</span></b>, a small carriage @@ -25505,7 +25467,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pool</b>, pōōl, <i>n.</i> a small body of water: a deep part of a stream of water.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pool′er</span></b>, a stick for stirring a tan-vat. - [A.S. <i>pól</i> (Dut. <i>poel</i>, Ger. <i>pfuhl</i>)—Celt., as + [A.S. <i>pól</i> (Dut. <i>poel</i>, Ger. <i>pfuhl</i>)—Celt., as Ir. and Gael. <i>poll</i>, W. <i>pwll</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pool</b>, pōōl, <i>n.</i> the receptacle for the stakes @@ -25551,11 +25513,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Poor′-spir′itedness</span></b>, cowardice; <b><span class="nw">Poor's′-roll</span></b> (<i>Scots law</i>), the list of poor persons who are litigants, but unable to pay the expenses of - litigation, and therefore are allowed to sue in <i>formâ + litigation, and therefore are allowed to sue in <i>formâ pauperis</i>.—<b>Poor man of mutton</b> (<i>Scot.</i>), cold mutton broiled, esp. the shoulder; <b>Poor man's herb</b>, the hedge-hyssop; <b>Poor Will</b>, a common American bird of the genus - <i>Phalænoptilus</i>.—<b>The poor</b>, poor people collectively: + <i>Phalænoptilus</i>.—<b>The poor</b>, poor people collectively: those depending on public or private charity. [O. Fr. <i>poure</i>, <i>povre</i> (Fr. <i>pauvre</i>)—L. <i>pauper</i>, poor.]</p> @@ -25599,7 +25561,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> relating to the pope or to popery: taught by popery.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pop′ishly</span></b>.—<b>Pope Joan</b>, a game at cards in which the eight of diamonds is removed. [A.S. - <i>pápa</i>—L. <i>papa</i>, a father.]</p> + <i>pápa</i>—L. <i>papa</i>, a father.]</p> <p><b>Pope</b>, pōp, <i>n.</i> a kind of perch. [Ety. obscure.]</p> @@ -25699,7 +25661,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:18%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Porch.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Porch.png" - alt="Porch." title="Porch." /></a> + alt="Porch." title="Porch."></a> </div> <p><b>Porch</b>, pōrch, <i>n.</i> a building forming an enclosure or protection for a doorway: a portico at the entrance of churches and @@ -25797,7 +25759,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b>Porpoise</b>.</p> <p><b>Porphyrio</b>, por-fir′i-ō, <i>n.</i> a genus of - <i>Rallidæ</i>, the hyacinthine gallinules.</p> + <i>Rallidæ</i>, the hyacinthine gallinules.</p> <p><b>Porphyrogenitus</b>, por-fir-ō-jen′i-tus, <i>n.</i> a title given to the Byzantine emperor, Constantine VII. (912-959), meaning @@ -25822,7 +25784,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>porphyrites</i>—<i>porphyra</i>, purple.]</p> <p><b>Porpoise</b>, por′pus, <i>n.</i> a genus of Cetecea in the - family <i>Delphinidæ</i>, 4 to 8 feet long, gregarious, affording oil and + family <i>Delphinidæ</i>, 4 to 8 feet long, gregarious, affording oil and leather—anciently <b><span class="nw">Por′pess</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>porpeis</i>—L. <i>porcus</i>, a hog, <i>piscis</i>, a fish.]</p> @@ -25882,7 +25844,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Port′-cray′on</span></b>, a metallic handle for holding a crayon; <b><span class="nw">Porte′-bonheur′</span></b>, a charm carried for - luck; <b><span class="nw">Porte′-cochère</span></b>, a carriage + luck; <b><span class="nw">Porte′-cochère</span></b>, a carriage entrance leading from the street into a building; <b><span class="nw">Porte′-mon′naie</span></b>, a small clasped pocket-book for holding money; <b><span @@ -25990,7 +25952,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Por′ticoed</span></b>, furnished with a portico. [It.,—L. <i>porticus</i>, a porch.]</p> - <p><b>Portière</b>, por-tyār′, <i>n.</i> a curtain hung over + <p><b>Portière</b>, por-tyār′, <i>n.</i> a curtain hung over the door or doorway of a room. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Portiforium</b>, pōr-ti-fō′ri-um, <i>n.</i> a @@ -26062,7 +26024,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Portreeve</b>, pōrt′rēv, <i>n.</i> once the name of the principal magistrate in a port-town, esp. in London. [A.S. - <i>portgeréfa</i>—<i>port</i>, a port, <i>geréfa</i>, a reeve.]</p> + <i>portgeréfa</i>—<i>port</i>, a port, <i>geréfa</i>, a reeve.]</p> <p><b>Portuguese</b>, pōr′tū-gēz, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to <i>Portugal</i> or to its inhabitants.—<i>n.</i> @@ -26070,7 +26032,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Portugal.—<b>Portuguese man-of-war</b>, a species of <i>Physalia</i>.</p> - <p><b>Portulaceæ</b>, pōr-tū-lā′sē-ē, + <p><b>Portulaceæ</b>, pōr-tū-lā′sē-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> a natural order of exogenous plants, shrubby or herbaceous, generally succulent, mostly growing in dry places. [L. <i>portulaca</i>, purslane.]</p> @@ -26081,7 +26043,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pos</b>, poz, <i>adj.</i> (<i>slang</i>) an abbreviation of <i>positive</i>.</p> - <p><b>Posada</b>, pō-sä′dä, <i>n.</i> an inn. + <p><b>Posada</b>, pō-sä′dä, <i>n.</i> an inn. [Sp.,—<i>posar</i>, to lodge.]</p> <p><b>Posaune</b>, pō-zow′ne, <i>n.</i> the trombone. @@ -26104,7 +26066,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> corr. of <i>oppose</i>, which in the schools meant to 'argue against.']</p> - <p><b>Posé</b>, po-zā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) standing + <p><b>Posé</b>, po-zā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) standing still.</p> <p><b>Position</b>, po-zish′un, <i>n.</i> place, situation: @@ -26316,7 +26278,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> death.—<i>n.</i> a post-mortem examination.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Post′-nā′tal</span></b>, after birth; <b><span class="nw">Post′-nī′cene</span></b>, - after the first general council at <i>Nicæa</i> in 325 <span + after the first general council at <i>Nicæa</i> in 325 <span class="scac">A.D.</span>—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Post′-note</span></b>, a note issued by a bank, payable at some future time.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -26573,7 +26535,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pō′tence</span></b>, power: (<i>her.</i>) a marking of the shape of <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Potence.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Potence.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="T shape" /></a>: in horology, the stud or + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="T shape"></a>: in horology, the stud or counterbridge forming a step for the lower pivot of a verge (also <b><span class="nw">Pō′tance</span></b>); <b><span class="nw">Pō′tency</span></b>, power: authority: influence; @@ -26599,8 +26561,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> stresses which result from its position relatively to other bodies. [L. <i>potens</i>—<i>potis</i>, able, <i>esse</i>, to be.]</p> - <p><b>Potentilla</b>, pō-ten-til′ä, <i>n.</i> a genus of - plants of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>, differing from + <p><b>Potentilla</b>, pō-ten-til′ä, <i>n.</i> a genus of + plants of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>, differing from <i>Fragaria</i> (strawberry) in the fruit having a dry instead of a succulent receptacle—well-known varieties are <i>silver-weed</i> and <i>wild strawberry</i>.</p> @@ -26783,7 +26745,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pourboire</b>, pōōr-bwor′, <i>n.</i> drink-money: a bribe. [Fr. <i>pour</i>, for, <i>boire</i>, to drink.]</p> - <p><b>Pourparler</b>, pōōr-pär′lā, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Pourparler</b>, pōōr-pär′lā, <i>n.</i> a conference to arrange for some important transaction, as the formation of a treaty. [Fr. <i>pour</i>=L. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>parler</i>, to speak.]</p> @@ -26799,7 +26761,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pousse</b>, pows, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) pulse, pease. [<i>Pulse</i> or <i>pease</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pousse-café</b>, pōōs′-ka-fā′, + <p><b>Pousse-café</b>, pōōs′-ka-fā′, <i>n.</i> a cordial served after coffee.</p> <p><b>Poussette</b>, pōōs-set′, <i>v.t.</i> @@ -26822,7 +26784,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pov′erty-strick′en</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pov′erty-struck</span></b>, reduced to a state of poverty: in great suffering from poverty. [O. Fr. <i>poverte</i> (Fr. - <i>pauvreté</i>)—L. <i>paupertas</i>, <i><span + <i>pauvreté</i>)—L. <i>paupertas</i>, <i><span class="nw">-tatis</span></i>—<i>pauper</i>, poor.]</p> <p><b>Powan</b>, pow′an, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) the pollan, @@ -26954,43 +26916,43 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Prad</b>, prad, <i>n.</i> a horse in thieves' cant.</p> - <p><b>Præ-</b>. See <b>Pre-</b>.</p> + <p><b>Præ-</b>. See <b>Pre-</b>.</p> - <p><b>Præmunire</b>, <b>Premunire</b>, + <p><b>Præmunire</b>, <b>Premunire</b>, prē-mū-nī′re, <i>n.</i> the offence of disregard or contempt of the king and his government, especially the offence of introducing papal or other foreign authority into England: the writ founded on such an offence: the penalty incurred by the offence. [A corr. - of L. <i>præmonēre</i>, to cite.]</p> + of L. <i>præmonēre</i>, to cite.]</p> - <p><b>Prænomen</b>, prē-nō′men, <i>n.</i> the name + <p><b>Prænomen</b>, prē-nō′men, <i>n.</i> the name prefixed to the family name in ancient Rome, as <i>Caius</i> in Caius - Julius Cæsar: the generic name in zoology put before the specific + Julius Cæsar: the generic name in zoology put before the specific name.</p> - <p><b>Prætexta</b>, prē-teks′ta, <i>n.</i> the outer garment, + <p><b>Prætexta</b>, prē-teks′ta, <i>n.</i> the outer garment, bordered with purple, worn at Rome by the higher magistrates and by free-born children till they assumed the <i>toga virilis</i>. [L., - <i>prætexĕre</i>, to fringe.]</p> + <i>prætexĕre</i>, to fringe.]</p> - <p><b>Prætor</b>, <b>Pretor</b>, prē′tor, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Prætor</b>, <b>Pretor</b>, prē′tor, <i>n.</i> a magistrate of ancient Rome, next in rank to the consuls.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prætō′rial</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Prætō′rial</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pretō′rial</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Prætō′rian</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Pretō′rian</span></b>, pertaining to a prætor or - magistrate: authorised or exercised by the prætor: + class="nw">Prætō′rian</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Pretō′rian</span></b>, pertaining to a prætor or + magistrate: authorised or exercised by the prætor: judicial.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prætō′rium</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Prætō′rium</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pretō′rium</span></b>, the official residence of - the Roman prætor, proconsul, or governor in a province: the general's + the Roman prætor, proconsul, or governor in a province: the general's tent in a camp: the council of officers who attended the general and met in his tent; <b><span - class="nw">Præ′torship</span></b>.—<b>Prætorian band of - guard</b>, the bodyguard of the Roman Emperor; <b>Prætorian gate</b>, the + class="nw">Præ′torship</span></b>.—<b>Prætorian band of + guard</b>, the bodyguard of the Roman Emperor; <b>Prætorian gate</b>, the gate of a Roman camp directly in front of the general's tent, and nearest - to the enemy. [L. <i>prætor</i>, for <i>præitor</i>—<i>præ</i>, + to the enemy. [L. <i>prætor</i>, for <i>præitor</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>īre</i>, <i>itum</i>, to go.]</p> <p><b>Pragmatic</b>, <b>-al</b>, prag-mat′ik, -al, <i>adj.</i> of @@ -27039,13 +27001,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [O. Fr. <i>preis</i> (Fr. <i>prix</i>)—L. <i>pretium</i>, price.]</p> - <p><b>Prâkrit</b>, prä′krit, <i>n.</i> the collective name of those + <p><b>Prâkrit</b>, prä′krit, <i>n.</i> the collective name of those languages or dialects which are immediately derived from, or stand in an immediate relation to, Sanskrit.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prâkrit′ic</span></b>. [Sans. <i>prākrita</i>, the + class="nw">Prâkrit′ic</span></b>. [Sans. <i>prākrita</i>, the natural—<i>prakriti</i>, nature.]</p> - <p><b>Pram</b>, präm, <i>n.</i> a flat-bottomed Dutch lighter: a barge + <p><b>Pram</b>, präm, <i>n.</i> a flat-bottomed Dutch lighter: a barge fitted as a floating battery. [Dut. <i>praam</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pram</b>, pram, <i>n.</i> a vulgar abbrev. of @@ -27168,8 +27130,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> discourse affectedly solemn.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preach′y</span></b>, given to tedious moralising.—<b>Preach down</b>, and <b>up</b>, to decry, or the - opposite. [Fr. <i>prêcher</i> (It. <i>predicare</i>)—L. - <i>prædicāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to + opposite. [Fr. <i>prêcher</i> (It. <i>predicare</i>)—L. + <i>prædicāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to proclaim.]</p> <p><b>Preacquaint</b>, prē-ak-kwānt′, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -27202,8 +27164,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Preamble</b>, prē-am′bl, <i>n.</i> preface: introduction, esp. that of an Act of Parliament, giving its reasons and purpose.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pream′bulary</span></b>. [Fr. <i>préambule</i>—L. - <i>præ,</i> before, <i>ambulāre</i>, to go.]</p> + class="nw">Pream′bulary</span></b>. [Fr. <i>préambule</i>—L. + <i>præ,</i> before, <i>ambulāre</i>, to go.]</p> <p><b>Preannounce</b>, prē-an-nowns′, <i>v.t.</i> to announce beforehand.</p> @@ -27233,8 +27195,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preb′endary</span></b>, a resident clergyman who enjoys a prebend, a canon: the honorary holder of a disendowed prebendal stall; <b><span class="nw">Preb′endaryship</span></b>. [L. - <i>præbenda</i>, a payment from a public - source—<i>præbēre</i>, to allow.]</p> + <i>præbenda</i>, a payment from a public + source—<i>præbēre</i>, to allow.]</p> <p><b>Precarious</b>, prē-kā′ri-us, <i>adj.</i> uncertain, because depending upon the will of another: held by a doubtful @@ -27253,13 +27215,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> beforehand.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precau′tional</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Precau′tionary</span></b>, containing or proceeding from - precaution: taking precaution. [Fr.,—L. <i>præ</i>, before, + precaution: taking precaution. [Fr.,—L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>cavēre</i>, to be careful.]</p> <p><b>Precede</b>, pre-sēd′, <i>v.t.</i> to go before in time, rank, or importance.—<i>v.i.</i> to be before in time, or - place. [Fr. <i>précéder</i>—L. - <i>præcedĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cedĕre</i>, + place. [Fr. <i>précéder</i>—L. + <i>præcedĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cedĕre</i>, go.]</p> <p><b>Precedence</b>, prē-sē′dens, <i>n.</i> the act of @@ -27280,14 +27242,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> precedence</b>, the rules which fix the places of persons at a ceremony; <b>Patent of precedence</b>, a royal grant giving to certain barristers right of superior rank; <b>Take precedence of</b>, to have a right to a - more honourable place. [Fr.,—L. <i>præcedens</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-entis</span></i>, pr.p. of <i>præcedĕre</i>, to go + more honourable place. [Fr.,—L. <i>præcedens</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-entis</span></i>, pr.p. of <i>præcedĕre</i>, to go before.]</p> <p><b>Precentor</b>, pre-sen′tor, <i>n.</i> he that leads in music: the leader of a choir in a cathedral, &c.: the leader of the psalmody in Scotch churches.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Precen′torship</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Precen′torship</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>cantor</i>, a singer.]</p> <p><b>Precept</b>, prē′sept, <i>n.</i> rule of action: a @@ -27306,8 +27268,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preceptō′rial</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Precep′tory</span></b>, giving precepts.—<i>n.</i> a religious house or college of the Knights Templars. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præceptum</i>—<i>præcipĕre</i>, to take - beforehand—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>capĕre</i>, to take.]</p> + <i>præceptum</i>—<i>præcipĕre</i>, to take + beforehand—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>capĕre</i>, to take.]</p> <p><b>Preces</b>, prē′sez, <i>n.pl.</i> the alternate responsive petitions, as the versicles and suffrages, between the @@ -27328,8 +27290,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Precinct</b>, prē′singkt, <i>n.</i> limit or boundary of a place: a district or division within certain boundaries: limit of - jurisdiction or authority. [L. <i>præcinctus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>præcingĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cingĕre</i>, + jurisdiction or authority. [L. <i>præcinctus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>præcingĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cingĕre</i>, to gird.]</p> <p><b>Precious</b>, presh′us, <i>adj.</i> of great price or worth: @@ -27344,7 +27306,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prec′iousness</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Prec′ious-stone</span></b>, a stone of value and beauty for ornamentation: a gem or jewel. [O. Fr. <i>precios</i> (Fr. - <i>précieux</i>)—L. <i>pretiosus</i>—<i>pretium</i>, + <i>précieux</i>)—L. <i>pretiosus</i>—<i>pretium</i>, price.]</p> <p><b>Precipice</b>, pres′i-pis, <i>n.</i> a very steep place: any @@ -27353,8 +27315,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> hasty: rash.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precip′itously</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precip′itousness</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præcipitium</i>—<i>præceps</i>, <i>præcipitis</i>, - headlong—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>caput</i>, <i>capitis</i>, the + <i>præcipitium</i>—<i>præceps</i>, <i>præcipitis</i>, + headlong—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>caput</i>, <i>capitis</i>, the head.]</p> <p><b>Precipitate</b>, prē-sip′i-tāt, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -27387,10 +27349,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> that which, precipitates or causes precipitation.—<b>Precipitate ointment</b> is of two kinds, <i>red</i> and <i>white</i>—the former containing red oxide of mercury, the latter ammoniated mercury. - [L. <i>præcipitāre</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>præceps</i>.]</p> + [L. <i>præcipitāre</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>præceps</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Précis</b>, prā-sē′, <i>n.</i> a precise or + <p><b>Précis</b>, prā-sē′, <i>n.</i> a precise or abridged statement: an abstract: summary. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Precise</b>, prē-sīs′, <i>adj.</i> definite: @@ -27407,8 +27369,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preci′sionise</span></b>, to make precise.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precī′sive</span></b>, cutting off: pertaining to - precision. [Fr. <i>précis</i>—L. <i>præcisus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>præcidĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cædĕre</i>, to + precision. [Fr. <i>précis</i>—L. <i>præcisus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>præcidĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cædĕre</i>, to cut.]</p> <p><b>Preclassical</b>, prē-klas′i-kal, <i>adj.</i> previous @@ -27422,8 +27384,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preclū′sive</span></b>, tending to preclude: hindering beforehand.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preclū′sively</span></b>. [L. - <i>præcludĕre</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-clusum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>præcludĕre</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-clusum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>claudĕre</i>, to shut.]</p> <p><b>Precocious</b>, prē-kō′shus, <i>adj.</i> having @@ -27432,8 +27394,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Precō′ciously</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precō′ciousness</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Precoc′ity</span></b>, state or quality of being - precocious: too early ripeness of the mind. [L. <i>præcox</i>, - <i>præcocis</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>coquĕre</i>, to + precocious: too early ripeness of the mind. [L. <i>præcox</i>, + <i>præcocis</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>coquĕre</i>, to cook.]</p> <p><b>Precognition</b>, prē-kog-nish′un, <i>n.</i> cognition, @@ -27475,7 +27437,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> upon or summon publicly: to confirm officially, of the pope.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preconisā′tion</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præco</i>, a herald.]</p> + <i>præco</i>, a herald.]</p> <p><b>Preconscious</b>, prē-kon′shus, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to a state prior to consciousness.</p> @@ -27504,7 +27466,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Precontrive</b>, prē-kon-trīv′, <i>v.t.</i> and <i>v.i.</i> to contrive beforehand.</p> - <p><b>Precordial</b>, <b>Præcordial</b>, <span + <p><b>Precordial</b>, <b>Præcordial</b>, <span class="nw">prē-kor′di-al,</span> <i>adj.</i> situated in front of the heart.</p> @@ -27514,7 +27476,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Precritical</b>, prē-krit′i-kal, <i>adj.</i> previous to the critical philosophy of Kant.</p> - <p><b>Precular</b>, prek′ū-lär, <i>n.</i> a beadsman.</p> + <p><b>Precular</b>, prek′ū-lär, <i>n.</i> a beadsman.</p> <p><b>Precurrent</b>, prē-kur′ent, <i>adj.</i> running forward: antrorse—opp. to <i>Recurrent</i>.—<i>ns.</i> @@ -27525,7 +27487,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Precur′sor</span></b>, a forerunner: one who, or that which, indicates the approach of an event.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Precur′sory</span></b>, forerunning: indicating - something to follow. [L.,—<i>præ</i>, before, + something to follow. [L.,—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>cursor</i>—<i>currĕre</i>, to run.]</p> <p><b>Predaceous</b>, prē-dā′shus, <i>adj.</i> living @@ -27541,7 +27503,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pred′atoriness</span></b>, inclination to plunder.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pred′atory</span></b>, plundering: characterised by - plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. <i>præda</i>, booty.]</p> + plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. <i>præda</i>, booty.]</p> <p><b>Predate</b>, prē-dāt′, <i>v.t.</i> to date before the true date: to date by anticipation: to be earlier than.</p> @@ -27554,7 +27516,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> has been before another in any office.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Predecess′</span></b> (<i>rare</i>), to precede.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Predeces′sive</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Predeces′sive</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>decessor</i>, a retiring officer, <i>decedĕre</i>, <i>decessum</i>, to withdraw—<i>de</i>, away, <i>cedĕre</i>.]</p> @@ -27615,7 +27577,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Predial</b>, prē′di-al, <i>adj.</i> consisting of land or farms: connected with land: growing from land. [Fr. - <i>prédial</i>—L. <i>prædium</i>, an estate.]</p> + <i>prédial</i>—L. <i>prædium</i>, an estate.]</p> <p><b>Predicable</b>, pred′i-ka-bl, <i>adj.</i> that may be predicated or affirmed of something: attributable.—<i>n.</i> @@ -27646,7 +27608,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> affirmation: affirming: asserting.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pred′icātively</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pred′icātory</span></b>, affirmative. [L. - <i>prædicāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to + <i>prædicāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to proclaim.]</p> <p><b>Predict</b>, prē-dikt′, <i>v.t.</i> to declare or tell @@ -27656,8 +27618,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> predicted or foretold: prophecy.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Predic′tive</span></b>, foretelling: prophetic.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Predic′tor</span></b>. [L. <i>prædictus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>prædicĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>dicĕre</i>, to + class="nw">Predic′tor</span></b>. [L. <i>prædictus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>prædicĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>dicĕre</i>, to say.]</p> <p><b>Predigest</b>, prē-di-jest′, <i>v.t.</i> to digest @@ -27667,7 +27629,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Predilection</b>, prē-di-lek′shun, <i>n.</i> a choosing beforehand: favourable prepossession of mind: partiality.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Predilect′</span></b>, to prefer. [L. <i>præ</i>, + class="nw">Predilect′</span></b>, to prefer. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>dilectio</i>, <i><span class="nw">-onis</span></i>, choice—<i>diligĕre</i>, <i>dilectum</i>, to love—<i>dis</i>, apart, <i>legĕre</i>, to choose.]</p> @@ -27737,14 +27699,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> land, by the right of pre-emption.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prē-empt′ible</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Prē-empt′ive</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prē-empt′or</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Prē-empt′or</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>emptio</i>, a buying—<i>emĕre</i>, to buy.]</p> <p><b>Preen</b>, prēn, <i>v.t.</i> to compose and arrange as birds do their feathers. [<i>Prune</i> (v.).]</p> <p><b>Preen</b>, prēn, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) a - pin.—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten. [A.S. <i>preón</i>, a pin.]</p> + pin.—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten. [A.S. <i>preón</i>, a pin.]</p> <p><b>Pre-engage</b>, prē-en-gāj′, <i>v.t.</i> to establish beforehand.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -27783,8 +27745,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> introduction.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pref′atorily</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pref′atory</span></b>, pertaining to a preface: serving - as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. <i>préface</i>—L. - <i>præfatio</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>fāri</i>, + as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. <i>préface</i>—L. + <i>præfatio</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>fāri</i>, <i>fatus</i>, to speak.]</p> <p><b>Prefect</b>, prē′fekt, <i>n.</i> one placed in @@ -27793,8 +27755,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prē′fectship</span></b>, his office or jurisdiction; <b><span class="nw">Prē′fecture</span></b>, the office or district of a prefect: the house occupied by a prefect. [Fr. - <i>préfet</i>—L. <i>præfectus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>præficĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, over, <i>facĕre</i>, to + <i>préfet</i>—L. <i>præfectus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>præficĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, over, <i>facĕre</i>, to make.]</p> <p><b>Prefer</b>, prē-fėr′, <i>v.t.</i> to esteem above @@ -27822,7 +27784,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prefer′rer</span></b>, one who prefers.—<b>Preference shares</b>, or <b>stock</b>, shares or stock on which the dividends must be paid before those on other kinds. [Fr. - <i>préférer</i>—L. <i>præferre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>préférer</i>—L. <i>præferre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>ferre</i>, to bear.]</p> <p><b>Prefigure</b>, prē-fig′ūr, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -27865,7 +27827,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preg′nancy</span></b>, state of being pregnant: fertility: unusual capacity.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preg′nantly</span></b>. [O. Fr.—L. - <i>prægnans</i>, <i><span class="nw">-antis</span></i>.]</p> + <i>prægnans</i>, <i><span class="nw">-antis</span></i>.]</p> <p><b>Prehallux</b>, prē-hal′uks, <i>n.</i> a cartilaginous spur on the inner side of the foot in some batrachians.</p> @@ -27915,8 +27877,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prejudicā′tion</span></b> (-jōōd-).—<i>adj.</i> <b>Prejudicātive</b> <span class="nw">(-jōōd′-),</span> forming a judgment or - opinion beforehand. [L. <i>præjudicāre</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + opinion beforehand. [L. <i>præjudicāre</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>judicāre</i>, to judge.]</p> <p><b>Prejudice</b>, prej′ū-dis, <i>n.</i> a judgment or @@ -27930,7 +27892,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> obstruct.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prejudi′cially</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prejudi′cialness</span></b>. [O. Fr.,—L. - <i>præjudicium</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>judicium</i>, + <i>præjudicium</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>judicium</i>, judgment.]</p> <p><b>Preknowledge</b>, prē-nol′ej, <i>n.</i> prior @@ -27954,18 +27916,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prel′ature</span></b>, prelacy: the time during which a prelate exercises authority; <b><span class="nw">Prel′atist</span></b>, an upholder of prelacy. [Fr. - <i>prélat</i>—L. <i>prelatus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>prélat</i>—L. <i>prelatus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>latus</i>, borne.]</p> <p><b>Prelect</b>, prē-lekt′, <i>v.i.</i> to read before or in presence of others: to read a discourse: to lecture.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prelec′tion</span></b>, a lecture or discourse read to others; <b><span class="nw">Prelec′tor</span></b>, one who - prelects: a lecturer. [L. <i>prælegĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, + prelects: a lecturer. [L. <i>prælegĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>legĕre</i>, <i>lectum</i>, to read.]</p> <p><b>Prelibation</b>, prē-lī-bā′shun, <i>n.</i> - a tasting beforehand, foretaste. [L. <i>prælibatio</i>—<i>præ</i>, + a tasting beforehand, foretaste. [L. <i>prælibatio</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>libāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to taste.]</p> @@ -27973,7 +27935,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> introductory: preparatory: preceding or preparing for the main discourse or business.—<i>n.</i> that which precedes: introduction—used mostly in <i>pl.</i>—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prelim′inarily</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Prelim′inarily</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>liminaris</i>, relating to a threshold—<i>limen</i>, <i>liminis</i>, a threshold.]</p> @@ -27995,7 +27957,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prelū′sively</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Prelū′sorily</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prelū′sory</span></b>, introductory. - [Fr.,—Late L. <i>præludium</i>—L. <i>præ</i>, before, + [Fr.,—Late L. <i>præludium</i>—L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>ludĕre</i>, to play.]</p> <p><b>Premandibular</b>, prē-man-dib′ū-lar, <i>adj.</i> @@ -28007,7 +27969,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prēmatūre′ly</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prematūr′ity</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Prēmatūre′ness</span></b>. [L. - <i>præmaturus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>maturus</i>, ripe.]</p> + <i>præmaturus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>maturus</i>, ripe.]</p> <p><b>Premaxillary</b>, prē-mak′si-lā-ri, <i>adj.</i> in front of the maxilla.—<i>n.</i> such a bone.</p> @@ -28019,14 +27981,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Premeditā′tion</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Premed′itātive</span></b>. [L., - <i>præmeditāri</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-ātus</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>præmeditāri</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-ātus</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>meditāri</i>, to meditate.]</p> <p><b>Premier</b>, prē′mi-ėr, <i>adj.</i> prime or first: chief: (<i>her.</i>) most ancient.—<i>n.</i> the first or chief: the prime-minister.—<i>v.i.</i> to govern as - premier.—<i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> <b>Première</b> <span + premier.—<i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> <b>Première</b> <span class="nw">(pre-myār′),</span> first or leading actress, dancer, forewoman, &c.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prē′miership</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. @@ -28049,7 +28011,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Premise</b>, prē-mīz′, <i>v.t.</i> to send or state before the rest: to make an introduction: to lay down propositions for subsequent reasonings. [Fr.,—L. (<i>sententia</i>) - <i>præmissa</i>, (a sentence) put before—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>præmissa</i>, (a sentence) put before—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>mittĕre</i>, <i>missum</i>, to send.]</p> <p><b>Premium</b>, prē′mi-um, <i>n.</i> a reward: a prize: a @@ -28060,7 +28022,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prē′miant</span></b>.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prē′miate</span></b>, to reward with a premium.—<b>At a premium</b>, above par (see <b>Par</b>). [L. - <i>præmium</i>—<i>præ</i>, above, <i>emĕre</i>, to buy.]</p> + <i>præmium</i>—<i>præ</i>, above, <i>emĕre</i>, to buy.]</p> <p><b>Premolar</b>, prē-mō′lar, <i>adj.</i> before a molar, in place or time, deciduous.—<i>n.</i> a milk-molar.</p> @@ -28081,14 +28043,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Premonstrant</b>, prē-mon′strant, <i>n.</i> a member of an order of regular canons founded by St Norbert, in 1119, at a place in the forest of Coucy (near Laon in the dep. of Aisne), pointed out in a - vision, and thence called Prémontré (L. <i>Pratum monstratum</i>=the + vision, and thence called Prémontré (L. <i>Pratum monstratum</i>=the meadow pointed out)—called also Norbertines, and in England, from their habit, White Canons.—Also <b><span class="nw">Premonstraten′sian</span></b> (<i>n.</i> and <i>adj.</i>).</p> <p><b>Premorse</b>, prē-mors′, <i>adj.</i> ending abruptly, - as if bitten off. [L. <i>præmordēre</i>, <i>præmorsum</i>, to bite + as if bitten off. [L. <i>præmordēre</i>, <i>præmorsum</i>, to bite in front.]</p> <p><b>Premosaic</b>, prē-mō-zā′ik, <i>adj.</i> @@ -28172,7 +28134,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prepā′redly</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepā′redness</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Prepā′rer</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præparāre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>parāre</i>, to + <i>præparāre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>parāre</i>, to make ready.]</p> <p><b>Prepay</b>, prē-pā′, <i>v.t.</i> to pay before or @@ -28185,7 +28147,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prepen′sive</span></b>.—<i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to consider or deliberate beforehand.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepense′ly</span></b>, intentionally. - [Fr.,—L. <i>præ</i>, before, + [Fr.,—L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>pensāre</i>—<i>pendĕre</i>, <i>pensum</i>, to weigh.]</p> @@ -28205,7 +28167,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prepon′derant</span></b>, outweighing: superior in weight, power, or influence.—<i>advs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepon′derantly</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Preponderā′tingly</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, + class="nw">Preponderā′tingly</span></b>. [L. <i>præ</i>, before, <i>ponderāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to weigh—<i>pondus</i>, a weight.]</p> @@ -28219,7 +28181,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> prefixed.—<i>n.</i> a word or particle put before another word—opp. to <i>Post-positive</i>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepos′itor</span></b>, a school-monitor. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præpositio</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>ponĕre</i>, + <i>præpositio</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>ponĕre</i>, <i>positum</i>, to place.]</p> <p><b>Prepossess</b>, prē-poz-zes′, <i>v.t.</i> to possess @@ -28235,7 +28197,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> contrary to nature or reason: wrong: absurd: foolish.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepos′terously</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prepos′terousness</span></b>, unreasonableness. - [L. <i>præposterus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>posterus</i>, + [L. <i>præposterus</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>posterus</i>, after—<i>post</i>, after.]</p> <p><b>Prepotent</b>, prē-pō′tent, <i>adj.</i> powerful @@ -28247,7 +28209,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Prepuce</b>, prē′pūs, <i>n.</i> the loose skin of the penis covering the glans: the foreskin.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prepū′tial</span></b>. [L. <i>præputium</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Prepū′tial</span></b>. [L. <i>præputium</i>.]</p> <p><b>Prepunctual</b>, prē-pungk′tū-al, <i>adj.</i> excessively prompt.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -28282,8 +28244,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> privilege.—<b>Prerogative court</b>, formerly a court having jurisdiction over testamentary matters.—<b>Royal prerogative</b>, the rights which a sovereign has by right of office, which are different - in different countries. [Fr.,—L. <i>prærogativus</i>, that is asked - before others for his opinion or vote—<i>præ</i>, before, + in different countries. [Fr.,—L. <i>prærogativus</i>, that is asked + before others for his opinion or vote—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>rogāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to ask.]</p> @@ -28296,14 +28258,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Presage′ful</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Presage′ment</span></b>, the act of presaging: that which is presaged: prediction; <b><span - class="nw">Presag′er</span></b>. [Fr. <i>présage</i>—L. - <i>præsagium</i>—<i>præsagīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Presag′er</span></b>. [Fr. <i>présage</i>—L. + <i>præsagium</i>—<i>præsagīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sagīre</i>, to perceive quickly.]</p> <p><b>Presanctify</b>, prē-sangk′ti-fī, <i>v.t.</i> to consecrate beforehand.</p> - <p><b>Presartorial</b>, prē-sär-tō′ri-al, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Presartorial</b>, prē-sär-tō′ri-al, <i>adj.</i> before the age of tailoring. [L. <i>sartor</i>—<i>sarcīre</i>, to patch.]</p> @@ -28350,8 +28312,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> events beforehand: foresight.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prē′scient</span></b>, knowing things beforehand.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prē′sciently</span></b>. [L. <i>præsciens</i>, - pr.p. of <i>præscīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + class="nw">Prē′sciently</span></b>. [L. <i>præsciens</i>, + pr.p. of <i>præscīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>scīre</i>, to know.]</p> <p><b>Prescientific</b>, prē-sī-en-tif′ik, <i>adj.</i> @@ -28382,8 +28344,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prēscrip′tive</span></b>, consisting in, or acquired by, custom or long-continued use: customary.—<b>Prescriptive title</b>, a title established by right - of prescription. [L. <i>præscribĕre</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-scriptum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + of prescription. [L. <i>præscribĕre</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-scriptum</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>scribĕre</i>, to write.]</p> <p><b>Presee</b>, prē-sē′, <i>v.t.</i> to foresee.</p> @@ -28415,8 +28377,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> time, now; <b>Real presence</b>, a doctrine or belief that the body and blood of Christ are really and substantially present in the eucharist; <b>The present</b>, the present time. [O. Fr.,—L. - <i>præsentia</i>—<i>præsens</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-sentis</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sens</i>, + <i>præsentia</i>—<i>præsens</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-sentis</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sens</i>, being.]</p> <p><b>Present</b>, prē-zent′, <i>v.t.</i> to set before, to @@ -28448,7 +28410,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> grand-jury.—<b>Present arms</b>, to bring the gun or rifle to a perpendicular position in front of the body, as a token of respect to a superior officer. [Fr.,—L. - <i>præsentāre</i>—<i>præsens</i>.]</p> + <i>præsentāre</i>—<i>præsens</i>.]</p> <p><b>Presentient</b>, prē-sen′shi-ent, <i>adj.</i> perceiving beforehand.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -28457,7 +28419,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Presentiment</b>, prē-sen′ti-ment, <i>n.</i> a sentiment or feeling beforehand: previous opinion: an impression as of something unpleasant soon to happen. [O. Fr.,—L. - <i>præsentīre</i>.]</p> + <i>præsentīre</i>.]</p> <p><b>Presentoir</b>, prez-en-twor′, <i>n.</i> a tray or salver: a Japanese lacquered stand for a bowl. [Fr.]</p> @@ -28479,7 +28441,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> having the quality of preserving.—<i>n.</i> that which preserves: a preventive of injury or decay.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prēserv′er</span></b>. [Fr. - <i>préserver</i>—L. <i>præ</i>, beforehand, <i>servāre</i>, + <i>préserver</i>—L. <i>præ</i>, beforehand, <i>servāre</i>, to preserve.]</p> <p><b>Preses</b>, prē′sēz, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) a @@ -28501,8 +28463,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the presiding judge of the Court of Session in Scotland; <b>Lord President of the Council</b>, a member of the House of Lords who presides over the privy council, with especial charge of education, sanitation, - &c. [Fr. <i>présider</i>—L. - <i>præsidēre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sedēre</i>, to + &c. [Fr. <i>présider</i>—L. + <i>præsidēre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sedēre</i>, to sit.]</p> <p><b>Presidial</b>, prē-sid′i-al, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to @@ -28561,8 +28523,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> an officer empowered to impress men into the navy; <b><span class="nw">Press′-mon′ey</span></b> (for <i>prest-money</i>), earnest-money. [Corr. from old form <i>prest</i>, from O. Fr. - <i>prester</i> (Fr. <i>prêter</i>), to lend—<i>præstāre</i>, - to offer—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>stāre</i>, to stand.]</p> + <i>prester</i> (Fr. <i>prêter</i>), to lend—<i>præstāre</i>, + to offer—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>stāre</i>, to stand.]</p> <p><b>Pressiroster</b>, pres-si-ros′tėr, <i>n.</i> one of a tribe of wading birds, the <b><span @@ -28580,12 +28542,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Prest</b>, prest, <i>adj.</i> ready: neat: at hand.—<i>n.</i> ready-money: a loan.—<i>v.t.</i> to pay out: to lend. [L. - <i>præsto</i>, ready.]</p> + <i>præsto</i>, ready.]</p> <p><b>Prester John</b>, pres′tėr jon, <i>n.</i> the name applied by medieval credulity (12th-14th cent.) to the supposed Christian sovereign of a vast empire in Central Asia. [O. Fr. <i>prester</i> (Fr. - <i>prêtre</i>), priest.]</p> + <i>prêtre</i>), priest.]</p> <p><b>Prestidigitation</b>, pres-ti-dij-i-tā′shun, <i>n.</i> sleight of hand—also <b><span @@ -28597,16 +28559,16 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Prestige</b>, pres-tēzh′, or <span class="nw">pres′tij,</span> <i>n.</i> influence arising from past - conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,—L. <i>præstigium</i>, - delusion—<i>præstinguĕre</i>, to deceive.]</p> + conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,—L. <i>præstigium</i>, + delusion—<i>præstinguĕre</i>, to deceive.]</p> <p><b>Presto</b>, pres′to, <i>adv.</i> quick: at once: (<i>mus.</i>) quickly, quicker than <i>allegro</i>:—<i>superl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prestis′simo</span></b>. [It.,—L. - <i>præsto</i>, ready.]</p> + <i>præsto</i>, ready.]</p> <p><b>Prestriction</b>, prē-strik′shun, <i>n.</i> blindness. - [L. <i>præstringĕre</i>, <i>præstrictum</i>, to draw tight.]</p> + [L. <i>præstringĕre</i>, <i>præstrictum</i>, to draw tight.]</p> <p><b>Prestudy</b>, prē-stud′i, <i>v.t.</i> to study beforehand.</p> @@ -28635,8 +28597,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> evidence</b>, evidence for a fact derived from other facts having some connection with it: indirect evidence.—<b>Heir presumptive</b>, the person, not son or daughter, at present next in succession to any living - person. [Fr. <i>présumer</i>—L. - <i>præsumĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sumĕre</i>, to + person. [Fr. <i>présumer</i>—L. + <i>præsumĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>sumĕre</i>, to take—<i>sub</i>, under, <i>emĕre</i>, to buy.]</p> <p><b>Presumptuous</b>, prē-zump′tū-us, <i>adj.</i> @@ -28644,7 +28606,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> confident: founded on presumption: wilful.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Presump′tuously</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Presump′tuousness</span></b>. [L. - <i>præsumptuosus</i>.]</p> + <i>præsumptuosus</i>.]</p> <p><b>Presuppose</b>, prē-sup-pōz′, <i>v.t.</i> to suppose before actual knowledge: to assume or take for @@ -28679,8 +28641,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preten′tiously</span></b>, in a pretentious manner.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preten′tiousness</span></b>, the quality of being - pretentious. [Fr. <i>prétendre</i>—L. - <i>prætendĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>tendĕre</i>, + pretentious. [Fr. <i>prétendre</i>—L. + <i>prætendĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>tendĕre</i>, <i>tentum</i>, <i>tensum</i>, to stretch.]</p> <p><b>Pretense</b>. Same as <b>Pretence</b>.</p> @@ -28706,7 +28668,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> doctrine that God passes over the non-elect in electing to eternal life those predestinated to salvation.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preter′itive</span></b>, expressing past times. [L. - <i>præteritus</i>—<i>præter</i>, beyond, <i>īre</i>, + <i>præteritus</i>—<i>præter</i>, beyond, <i>īre</i>, <i>ītum</i>, to go.]</p> <p><b>Pretermit</b>, prē-tėr-mit′, <i>v.t.</i> to pass @@ -28715,7 +28677,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pa.p.</i> <span class="nw">prētermit′ted.</span>—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pretermis′sion</span></b>, the act of passing by: - omission. [L. <i>præter</i>, past, <i>mittĕre</i>, to send.]</p> + omission. [L. <i>præter</i>, past, <i>mittĕre</i>, to send.]</p> <p><b>Preternatural</b>, prē-tėr-nat′ū-ral, <i>adj.</i> beyond what is natural: out of the regular course of things: @@ -28738,7 +28700,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pretext</b>, prē′tekst, or <span class="nw">prē-tekst′,</span> <i>n.</i> an assumed motive or reason put forward to conceal the real one: a pretence. [L. - <i>prætextum</i>—<i>prætexĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, + <i>prætextum</i>—<i>prætexĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>texĕre</i>, to weave.]</p> <p><b>Prethoughtful</b>, prē-thawt′fōōl, @@ -28747,7 +28709,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pretibial</b>, prē-tib′i-al, <i>adj.</i> situated upon the front of the lower part of the leg.</p> - <p><b>Pretor</b>, &c. See <b>Prætor</b>, &c.</p> + <p><b>Pretor</b>, &c. See <b>Prætor</b>, &c.</p> <p><b>Pretty</b>, pret′i, <i>adj.</i> tasteful: pleasing to the eye: having attractive but not striking beauty: neat: beautiful without @@ -28765,7 +28727,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> knick-knack.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prett′y-spō′ken</span></b>, speaking or spoken prettily.—<b>Pretty much</b>, very nearly. [A.S. - <i>prættig</i>, tricky—<i>prætt</i>, trickery; prob. Low L. + <i>prættig</i>, tricky—<i>prætt</i>, trickery; prob. Low L. <i>practicus</i>—Gr. <i>praktikos</i>—<i>prattein</i>, to do.]</p> @@ -28791,8 +28753,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> efficacy.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prev′alent</span></b>, prevailing: having great power: victorious: wide-spread: most common.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Prev′alently</span></b>. [Fr. <i>prévaloir</i>—L. - <i>prævalēre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>valēre</i>, to + class="nw">Prev′alently</span></b>. [Fr. <i>prévaloir</i>—L. + <i>prævalēre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>valēre</i>, to be powerful.]</p> <p><b>Prevaricate</b>, prē-var′i-kāt, <i>v.i.</i> to @@ -28805,8 +28767,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> quibbling to evade the truth; <b><span class="nw">Prēvar′icātor</span></b>, one who prevaricates to evade the truth: a quibbler. [L. - <i>prævaricāri</i>, <i><span - class="nw">-ātus</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, inten., + <i>prævaricāri</i>, <i><span + class="nw">-ātus</span></i>—<i>præ</i>, inten., <i>varicus</i>, straddling—<i>varus</i>, bent.]</p> <p><b>Prevenancy</b>, prev′ē-nan-si, <i>n.</i> @@ -28836,12 +28798,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Preven′tively</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Preven′tiveness</span></b>.—<b>Preventive service</b>, the service rendered by the coastguard in preventing - smuggling. [L. <i>præventus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>prævenīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>venīre</i>, to + smuggling. [L. <i>præventus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>prævenīre</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>venīre</i>, to come.]</p> <p><b>Prevertebral</b>, prē-vėr′te-bral, <i>adj.</i> - situated or developing before the vertebræ.</p> + situated or developing before the vertebræ.</p> <p><b>Previous</b>, prē′vi-us, <i>adj.</i> going before in time: former.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -28851,13 +28813,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> 'that the main question be now put.' If the decision be 'yes,' the debate is ended and the question put and decided; if it be 'no,' the debate is adjourned in the British parliament, but continues in the American - assembly. [L. <i>præevius</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>via</i>, a + assembly. [L. <i>præevius</i>—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>via</i>, a way.]</p> <p><b>Previse</b>, prē-viz′, <i>v.t.</i> to foresee: to forewarn.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Previ′sion</span></b>, foresight: foreknowledge. [L. - <i>prævidēre</i>, <i>prævisum</i>, to foresee—<i>præ</i>, + <i>prævidēre</i>, <i>prævisum</i>, to foresee—<i>præ</i>, before, <i>vidēre</i>, to see.]</p> <p><b>Prewarn</b>, prē-wawrn′, <i>v.t.</i> to warn @@ -28874,7 +28836,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Prey′ful</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), having a disposition to prey on others.—<b>Beast of prey</b>, one who devours other animals. [O. Fr. <i>praie</i> (Fr. <i>proie</i>)—L. - <i>præda</i>, booty.]</p> + <i>præda</i>, booty.]</p> <p><b>Priapus</b>, prī-ā′pus, <i>n.</i> an ancient deity personifying male generative power.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -28948,7 +28910,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pride′fully</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pride′fulness</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pride′less</span></b>. [A.S. - <i>prýte</i>—<i>prút</i>, proud.]</p> + <i>prýte</i>—<i>prút</i>, proud.]</p> <p><b>Pridian</b>, prid′i-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to yesterday. [L. <i>pridie</i>—<i>prius</i>, before, <i>dies</i>, day.]</p> @@ -28976,8 +28938,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Priest′liness</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Priest′-rid′den</span></b>, controlled by priests.—<b>High priest</b>, a chief priest, esp. the chief - ecclesiastical officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. <i>preóst</i> - (O. Fr. <i>prestre</i>, Fr. <i>prêtre</i>)—L. <i>presbyter</i>, an + ecclesiastical officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. <i>preóst</i> + (O. Fr. <i>prestre</i>, Fr. <i>prêtre</i>)—L. <i>presbyter</i>, an elder.]</p> <p><b>Prieve</b>, prēv, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to prove.</p> @@ -29101,7 +29063,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Primeval</b>, prī-mē′val, <i>adj.</i> belonging to the first ages: original: primitive.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Primē′vally</span></b>. [L. - <i>primævus</i>—<i>primus</i>, first, <i>ævum</i>, an age.]</p> + <i>primævus</i>—<i>primus</i>, first, <i>ævum</i>, an age.]</p> <p><b>Primigenial</b>, prī-mi-jē′ni-al, <i>adj.</i> first-born or made: primary: constituent—also <b><span @@ -29120,7 +29082,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>primo-genitus</i>, first-born—<i>primus</i>, first, <i>gignĕre</i>, <i>genitum</i>, to beget.]</p> - <p><b>Primitiæ</b>, pri-mish′i-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> first-fruits + <p><b>Primitiæ</b>, pri-mish′i-ē, <i>n.pl.</i> first-fruits offered to the gods—also <b><span class="nw">Primi′tias</span></b> (<i>Spens.</i>): the first year's revenue of a benefice. [L.,—<i>primus</i>, first.]</p> @@ -29254,7 +29216,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [L. <i>principalis</i>.]</p> <p><b>Principia</b>, prin-sip′i-a, <i>n.pl.</i> first principles: - elements, used often as the contracted title of the 'Philosophiæ + elements, used often as the contracted title of the 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' of Newton.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Princip′ial</span></b>, elementary. [L., pl. of <i>principium</i>.]</p> @@ -29415,7 +29377,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> judgment</b>, the judgment of an individual, esp. on the meaning of a passage or doctrine of Scripture, as distinguished from the interpretation of the church; <b>Private law</b>, that part of law which - deals with the rights and duties of persons quâ individuals; <b>Private + deals with the rights and duties of persons quâ individuals; <b>Private legislation</b>, legislation affecting the interests of private persons; <b>Private parts</b>, the sexual organs; <b>Private property</b>, <b>rights</b>, the property, rights of individual persons, as @@ -29487,7 +29449,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Priv′y-ver′dict</span></b>, a verdict given to a judge out of court.—<b>Gentlemen ushers of the privy-chamber</b>, four officials in the royal household who attend - certain court ceremonies. [Fr. <i>privé</i>—L. <i>privatus</i>, + certain court ceremonies. [Fr. <i>privé</i>—L. <i>privatus</i>, private.]</p> <p><b>Prize</b>, <b>Prise</b>, prīz, <i>v.t.</i> to force open by @@ -29653,7 +29615,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> other than an action, as, for example, a writ of mandamus; <b>Summary proceedings</b>, certain statutory remedies taken without the formal bringing of an action by process and pleading. [Fr. - <i>procéder</i>—L. <i>procedĕre</i>—<i>pro</i>, before, + <i>procéder</i>—L. <i>procedĕre</i>—<i>pro</i>, before, <i>cedĕre</i>, <i>cessum</i>, to go.]</p> <p><b>Proceleusmatic</b>, pros-e-lūs-mat′ik, <i>adj.</i> @@ -29661,7 +29623,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> consisting of four short syllables. [Gr.,—<i>prokeleuein</i>, to incite before—<i>pro</i>, before, <i>keleuein</i>, to order.]</p> - <p><b>Procellaria</b>, pros-e-lā′ri-a, <i>n.</i> a Linnæan + <p><b>Procellaria</b>, pros-e-lā′ri-a, <i>n.</i> a Linnæan genus of petrels.</p> <p><b>Procephalic</b>, prō-se-fal′ik, or <span @@ -29677,7 +29639,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>cerebrum</i>, brain.]</p> <p><b>Procerite</b>, pros′e-rīt, <i>n.</i> the last segment - of the antennæ in the Crustacea. [Gr. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>keras</i>, a + of the antennæ in the Crustacea. [Gr. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>keras</i>, a horn.]</p> <p><b>Procerity</b>, prō-ser′i-ti, <i>n.</i> tallness, @@ -29685,8 +29647,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Procē′rous</span></b>, tall. [L.,—<i>procērus</i>, tall.]</p> - <p><b>Procès</b>, prō-sā′, <i>n.</i> a law-suit: a - trial.—<b>Procès verbal</b>, a written account of facts in + <p><b>Procès</b>, prō-sā′, <i>n.</i> a law-suit: a + trial.—<b>Procès verbal</b>, a written account of facts in connection with a trial or other proceeding. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Process</b>, pros′es, or prō-, <i>n.</i> a gradual @@ -29698,7 +29660,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> account.—<i>v.t.</i> to proceed against by legal process: to produce a reproduction of a drawing as above.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Proc′ess-serv′er</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), a - bailiff. [Fr. <i>procès</i>—L. <i>processus.</i>]</p> + bailiff. [Fr. <i>procès</i>—L. <i>processus.</i>]</p> <p><b>Procession</b>, prō-sesh′un, <i>n.</i> the act of proceeding: a train of persons in a formal march.—<i>adj.</i> @@ -29860,11 +29822,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>curāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to care for.]</p> - <p><b>Procureur</b>, prō-kü-rer′, <i>n.</i> a - procurator.—<b>Procureur général</b> (<i>French law</i>), the + <p><b>Procureur</b>, prō-kü-rer′, <i>n.</i> a + procurator.—<b>Procureur général</b> (<i>French law</i>), the public prosecutor-in-chief.</p> - <p><b>Procyonidæ</b>, prō-si-on′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> an + <p><b>Procyonidæ</b>, prō-si-on′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> an American family of plantigrade carnivorous mammals, including raccoons and coatis. [Gr. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>kyōn</i>, a dog.]</p> @@ -29940,7 +29902,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Proem</b>, prō′em, <i>n.</i> an introduction: a prelude: a preface.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Proē′mial</span></b>. [Fr. <i>proème</i>—L. + class="nw">Proē′mial</span></b>. [Fr. <i>proème</i>—L. <i>proœmium</i>—Gr. <i>prooimion</i>—<i>pro</i>, before, <i>oimos</i>, a way.]</p> @@ -30009,7 +29971,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Professō′rial</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Professō′rially</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Profess′orship</span></b>. [Fr. <i>profès</i>, + <b><span class="nw">Profess′orship</span></b>. [Fr. <i>profès</i>, professed, said of a member of a religious order—L. <i>professus</i>, perf. p. of <i>profitēri</i>—<i>pro</i>, publicly, <i>fatēri</i>, to confess.]</p> @@ -30017,7 +29979,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Proffer</b>, prof′ėr, <i>v.t.</i> to bring forward: to propose: to offer for acceptance.—<i>n.</i> an offer made: a proposal.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Proff′erer</span></b>. [Fr. <i>proférer</i>—L. + class="nw">Proff′erer</span></b>. [Fr. <i>proférer</i>—L. <i>proferre</i>—<i>pro</i>, forward, <i>ferre</i>, to bring.]</p> <p><b>Proficience</b>, prō-fish′ens, <i>n.</i> state of being @@ -30098,9 +30060,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr. <i>profond</i>—L. <i>profundus</i>—<i>pro</i>, forward, <i>fundus</i>, bottom.]</p> - <p><b>Profunda</b>, prō-fun′dä, <i>n.</i> a deep-seated + <p><b>Profunda</b>, prō-fun′dä, <i>n.</i> a deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, or leg:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Profun′dæ</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Profun′dæ</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Profuse</b>, prō-fūs′, <i>adj.</i> liberal to excess: lavish: extravagant.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -30287,7 +30249,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>ferre</i>, to bear.]</p> <p><b>Proleg</b>, prō′leg, <i>n.</i> one of the abdominal - limbs of the larvæ of insects.</p> + limbs of the larvæ of insects.</p> <p><b>Prolegomena</b>, prō-leg-om′en-a, <i>n.pl.</i> an introduction to a treatise:—<i>sing.</i> <b><span @@ -30327,7 +30289,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> by proliferation.—<i>v.t.</i> to bear by reproduction.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Proliferā′tion</span></b>, the birth and growth of - generative zoöids.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + generative zoöids.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prolif′erātive</span></b>, <b> <span class="nw">Prolif′erous</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prolif′erously</span></b>. [L. <i>proles</i>, progeny, @@ -30396,11 +30358,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Promachos</b>, prom′a-kos, <i>n.</i> a deity who fights in front of, or champions, some person or state. [Gr.]</p> - <p><b>Promenade</b>, prom-e-näd′, or -nād′, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Promenade</b>, prom-e-näd′, or -nād′, <i>n.</i> a walk for pleasure, show, or exercise: a place for walking.—<i>v.i.</i> to walk for amusement, show, or exercise.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Promenä′der</span></b>.—<b>Promenade concert</b>, + class="nw">Promenä′der</span></b>.—<b>Promenade concert</b>, an entertainment in which the audience promenades or dances during the music. [Fr.,—from (<i>se</i>) <i>promener</i>, to walk—L. <i>promināre</i>, to drive forwards—<i>pro</i>, forward, @@ -30559,8 +30521,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pronominal</b>. See <b>Pronoun</b>.</p> - <p><b>Prononcé</b>, prō-nong-sā′, <i>adj.</i> decided: - self-asserting:—<i>fem.</i> <b>Prononcée</b>. [Fr.; cf. + <p><b>Prononcé</b>, prō-nong-sā′, <i>adj.</i> decided: + self-asserting:—<i>fem.</i> <b>Prononcée</b>. [Fr.; cf. <i>Pronounce</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pronotum</b>, prō-nō′tum, <i>n.</i> the tergal @@ -30662,9 +30624,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>propf</i>, a stopper; some connect also with Ger. <i>pfropf</i>, a graft—L. <i>propago</i>, a set, layer.]</p> - <p><b>Propædeutic</b>, <b>-al</b>, prō-pē-dū′tik, + <p><b>Propædeutic</b>, <b>-al</b>, prō-pē-dū′tik, -al, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to preliminary instruction.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Propædeū′tic</span></b>, a preliminary + <b><span class="nw">Propædeū′tic</span></b>, a preliminary branch of knowledge: (<i>pl.</i>) the introduction to an art or science. [Gr. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>paideuein</i>, to teach.]</p> @@ -30695,7 +30657,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Propā′go</span></b>, a layer or branch laid down to root; <b><span class="nw">Propag′ūlum</span></b>, a runner or sucker ending in an expanded bud: a gemma or bud affecting asexual - propagation in many algæ. [L. <i>propāgāre</i>, <i><span + propagation in many algæ. [L. <i>propāgāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, conn. with <i>pro-pāg-o</i>, a layer.]</p> @@ -30925,7 +30887,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of the other; <b>In proportion</b>, in the degree or measure, according; <b>Inverse</b>, or <b>Reciprocal</b>, <b>proportion</b>, an equality of ratio between two quantities and the reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = - ½ : ¼. [L. <i>proportio</i>—<i>pro</i>, in comparison with, + ½ : ¼. [L. <i>proportio</i>—<i>pro</i>, in comparison with, <i>portio</i>, <i>portionis</i>, part, share.]</p> <p><b>Propose</b>, prō-pōz′, <i>v.t.</i> to put forward @@ -30955,8 +30917,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>propone</i>—L.,—<i>pro</i>, forth, <i>ponĕre</i>, to place.]</p> - <p><b>Proprætor</b>, <b>Propretor</b>, prō-prē′tor, - <i>n.</i> a magistrate of ancient Rome, who, after acting as prætor in + <p><b>Proprætor</b>, <b>Propretor</b>, prō-prē′tor, + <i>n.</i> a magistrate of ancient Rome, who, after acting as prætor in Rome, was appointed to the government of a province.</p> <p><b>Proprietor</b>, prō-prī′e-tor, <i>n.</i> one who @@ -31004,10 +30966,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> propel. [Low L. <i>propulsio</i>—L. <i>propellĕre</i>, <i>propulsum</i>, to push forward.]</p> - <p><b>Propylæum</b>, prō-pi-lē′um, <i>n.</i> a gateway + <p><b>Propylæum</b>, prō-pi-lē′um, <i>n.</i> a gateway of architectural importance, leading into a temple, &c.:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Propylæ′a</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Propylæ′a</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prō′pylon</span></b>, a monumental gateway before the entrance of an ancient Egyptian temple, &c. [Gr. <i>pro</i>, before, <i>pylē</i>, a gate.]</p> @@ -31143,10 +31105,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prosenchym′atous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pros</i>, to, <i>enchyma</i>, an infusion.]</p> - <p><b>Proseuche</b>, (<b>-a</b>), pros-ū′kē, (-kä), + <p><b>Proseuche</b>, (<b>-a</b>), pros-ū′kē, (-kä), <i>n.</i> a place of prayer: among the Jews one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually roofless:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Proseu′chæ</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pros</i>, towards, + class="nw">Proseu′chæ</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pros</i>, towards, <i>euchesthai</i>, to pray.]</p> <p><b>Prosiliency</b>, prō-sil′i-en-si, <i>n.</i> a standing @@ -31336,9 +31298,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> children. [L., <i>pro</i>, in front, <i>tegĕre</i>, <i>tectum</i>, to cover.]</p> - <p><b>Protégé</b>, prō-tā-zhā′, <i>n.</i> one + <p><b>Protégé</b>, prō-tā-zhā′, <i>n.</i> one under the protection of another: a pupil: a ward:—<i>fem.</i> - <b>Protégée</b>. [Fr., pa.p. of <i>protéger</i>, to protect—L. + <b>Protégée</b>. [Fr., pa.p. of <i>protéger</i>, to protect—L. <i>protegĕre</i>.]</p> <p><b>Protein</b>, prō′tē-in, <i>n.</i> the first @@ -31483,7 +31445,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Prō′togine</span></b>, a variety of granite in the Alps.</p> - <p><b>Protomartyr</b>, prō′tō-mär-tėr, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Protomartyr</b>, prō′tō-mär-tėr, <i>n.</i> St Stephen, the first Christian martyr: the first who suffers in any cause.</p> @@ -31516,9 +31478,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.,—L.,—Gr., <i>prōtos</i>, first, <i>typos</i>, a type.]</p> - <p><b>Protovertebræ</b>, prō-tō-ver′te-brē, + <p><b>Protovertebræ</b>, prō-tō-ver′te-brē, <i>n.pl.</i> the rudimentary segments formed in the vertebrate embryo - from the medullary plates, from which the bodies of the vertebræ, spinal + from the medullary plates, from which the bodies of the vertebræ, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are developed.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Protover′tebral</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Protover′tebrate</span></b>.</p> @@ -31527,7 +31489,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> oxide—that is, an oxide containing one equivalent of oxygen combined with one equivalent of a base.</p> - <p><b>Protozoa</b>, prō-tō-zō′ä, <i>n.pl.</i> the + <p><b>Protozoa</b>, prō-tō-zō′ä, <i>n.pl.</i> the first or lowest class of animals:—<i>sing.</i> <b><span class="nw">Protozō′on</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Protozō′an</span></b>; <b><span @@ -31600,7 +31562,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the state or quality of being proud: pride.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Proud′-pied</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), gorgeously variegated; <b><span class="nw">Proud′-stom′ached</span></b>, - of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S. <i>prut</i>, proud, <i>prýte</i>, + of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S. <i>prut</i>, proud, <i>prýte</i>, pride.]</p> <p><b>Provable</b>, prōōv′a-bl, <i>adj.</i> that may be @@ -31614,7 +31576,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> provision—also <b><span class="nw">Prov′end</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prov′ant</span></b>, belonging to a regular allowance: - of common or inferior quality. [O. Fr.,—Low L. <i>præbenda</i>, a + of common or inferior quality. [O. Fr.,—Low L. <i>præbenda</i>, a payment, pittance.]</p> <p><b>Prove</b>, prōōv, <i>v.t.</i> to try by experiment or @@ -31625,7 +31587,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to turn out: to be shown afterwards.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Prov′er</span></b>.—<b>The exception proves the rule</b>, the exception tests the rule, proving its general truth. [O. - Fr. <i>prover</i> (Fr. <i>prouver</i>), which, like A.S. <i>prófian</i> + Fr. <i>prover</i> (Fr. <i>prouver</i>), which, like A.S. <i>prófian</i> and Ger. <i>proben</i>, is from L. <i>probāre</i>—<i>probus</i>, excellent.]</p> @@ -31650,7 +31612,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Provē′nience</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>pro</i>, forth, <i>venīre</i>, to come.]</p> - <p><b>Provençal</b>, prō-vang-sal′, <i>adj.</i> of or + <p><b>Provençal</b>, prō-vang-sal′, <i>adj.</i> of or pertaining to <i>Provence</i>, in France, or to its inhabitants—also <b><span class="nw">Proven′cial</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> a native, or the @@ -31658,7 +31620,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Provender</b>, prov′en-dėr, <i>n.</i> dry food for beasts, as hay or corn: esp. a mixture of meal and cut straw or - hay.—<i>v.t.</i> to feed. [O. Fr.,—L. <i>præbenda</i>, in + hay.—<i>v.t.</i> to feed. [O. Fr.,—L. <i>præbenda</i>, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.]</p> <p><b>Proverb</b>, prov′ėrb, <i>n.</i> a short familiar @@ -31729,7 +31691,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> province; perh. <i>pro</i>, for, <i>vincĕre</i>, to conquer.]</p> <p><b>Provincial</b>, prō-vin′shal, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to - <i>Provence</i> or <i>Provençal</i>.—<b>Provincial rose</b>, the + <i>Provence</i> or <i>Provençal</i>.—<b>Provincial rose</b>, the cabbage-rose—from <i>Provins-rose</i>, Provins in Seine-et-Marne, being famous for its roses: (<i>Shak.</i>) a rosette formerly worn on the shoe.</p> @@ -31811,8 +31773,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> under a provost; <b><span class="nw">Prov′ostship</span></b>, the office of a provost.—<b>Lord Provost</b>, the style of the chief magistrates of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, and Dundee. [O. Fr. - <i>provost</i> (Fr. <i>prévôt</i>), L. <i>præpositus</i>, pa.p. of - <i>præponĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, over, <i>ponĕre</i>, to + <i>provost</i> (Fr. <i>prévôt</i>), L. <i>præpositus</i>, pa.p. of + <i>præponĕre</i>—<i>præ</i>, over, <i>ponĕre</i>, to place.]</p> <p><b>Prow</b>, prow, <i>n.</i> the forepart of a ship: the bow or beak. @@ -31913,7 +31875,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>prunum</i>—Gr. <i>prounon</i>.]</p> <p><b>Prunella</b>, prōō-nel′a, <i>n.</i> sore throat: - angina pectoris. [Low L., from Teut.; Ger. <i>bräune</i>, quinsy.]</p> + angina pectoris. [Low L., from Teut.; Ger. <i>bräune</i>, quinsy.]</p> <p><b>Prunella</b>, prōō-nel′a, <i>n.</i> a genus of plants, the best known of which is <i>Self-heal</i>, formerly used as a @@ -31976,10 +31938,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Prythee</b>, prith′ē (<i>Shak.</i>). Same as <i>Prithee</i>.</p> - <p><b>Psalm</b>, säm, <i>n.</i> a sacred song.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span + <p><b>Psalm</b>, säm, <i>n.</i> a sacred song.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Psalm′-book</span></b>, a book containing psalms for purposes of worship; <i>Psalmist</i> <span - class="nw">(säm′ist,</span> or <span + class="nw">(säm′ist,</span> or <span class="nw">sal′mist),</span> a composer of psalms, applied to David and to the writers of the Scriptural psalms.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Psalmod′ic</span></b>, <b><span @@ -31988,7 +31950,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> psalmody.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Psal′modist</span></b>, a singer of psalms; <b>Psalmody</b> <span class="nw">(sal′mo-di,</span> or <span - class="nw">säm′o-di),</span> the singing of psalms, esp. in public + class="nw">säm′o-di),</span> the singing of psalms, esp. in public worship: psalms collectively.—<i>v.t.</i> to celebrate in psalms.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Psalmog′rapher</span></b>, <b><span @@ -32029,7 +31991,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pseudo-</b>, sū′dō, a prefix signifying false or spurious, as in <i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pseudæsthē′sia</span></b>, imaginary feeling, as + class="nw">Pseudæsthē′sia</span></b>, imaginary feeling, as in an amputated limb; <b><span class="nw">Pseudepig′rapha</span></b> (<i>pl.</i>), spurious writings, especially those writings claiming to be Biblical, but not @@ -32079,7 +32041,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pseu′dopod</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pseu′doscope</span></b>, a species of stereoscope which causes the parts of bodies in relief to appear hollow, and <i>vice - versâ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + versâ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pseudoscop′ic</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pseu′doscopy</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pseudēs</i>, false.]</p> @@ -32213,7 +32175,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ptarmic</b>, tar′mik, <i>n.</i> a medicine which causes sneezing.</p> - <p><b>Ptarmigan</b>, tär′mi-gan, <i>n.</i> a species of grouse with + <p><b>Ptarmigan</b>, tär′mi-gan, <i>n.</i> a species of grouse with feathered toes inhabiting the tops of mountains. [Gael. <i>tarmachan</i>.]</p> @@ -32241,7 +32203,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> feather.]</p> <p><b>Pterna</b>, ter′na, <i>n.</i> the heel-pad in - birds:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pter′næ</span></b>.</p> + birds:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pter′næ</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Pterodactyl</b>, ter-ō-dak′til, <i>n.</i> an extinct flying reptile with large and bird-like skull, long jaws, and a @@ -32258,7 +32220,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> wings.</p> <p><b>Pteromys</b>, ter′ō-mis, <i>n.</i> a genus of - <i>Sciuridæ</i>, the flying-squirrels.</p> + <i>Sciuridæ</i>, the flying-squirrels.</p> <p><b>Pteron</b>, tē′ron, <i>n.</i> a range of columns, portico.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -32287,7 +32249,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pteryg′ium</span></b>, a generalised limb of a vertebrate.</p> - <p><b>Pterylæ</b>, ter′i-lē, <i>n.pl.</i> the bands of + <p><b>Pterylæ</b>, ter′i-lē, <i>n.pl.</i> the bands of contour feathers in birds.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pterylograph′ic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-al</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -32312,18 +32274,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ptolemaic</b>, tol-e-mā′ik, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the race of Egyptian kings called the <i>Ptolemies</i>: pertaining to <i>Ptolemy</i> the astronomer (of the 2d century)—also <b><span - class="nw">Ptolemæ′an</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span + class="nw">Ptolemæ′an</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ptolemā′ist</span></b>, one who believes in the Ptolemaic system of astronomy.—<b>Ptolemaic system</b>, the method by which Ptolemy, the astronomer, explained the structure of the heavens and the motions of the heavenly bodies (139 <span class="scac">A.D.</span>).</p> - <p><b>Ptomaïne</b>, tō′ma-in, <i>n.</i> a somewhat loosely + <p><b>Ptomaïne</b>, tō′ma-in, <i>n.</i> a somewhat loosely used generic name for those bodies, usually poisonous, formed from animal tissues during putrefaction—<i>putrescine</i>, <i>cadaverine</i>, <i>creatinin</i>, <i>neurin</i>, <i>choline</i>, <i>muscarine</i>, - &c.—Also <b><span class="nw">Ptō′maïn</span></b>. + &c.—Also <b><span class="nw">Ptō′maïn</span></b>. [Gr. <i>ptōma</i>, a corpse—<i>piptein</i>, to fall.]</p> <p><b>Ptosis</b>, tō′sis, <i>n.</i> inability to raise the @@ -32354,7 +32316,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pūbes′cent</span></b>, arriving at puberty: (<i>bot.</i>, <i>zool.</i>) covered with soft, short hair; <b><span class="nw">Pubig′erous</span></b>, pubescent. [Fr. - <i>puberté</i>—L. <i>pubertas</i>, <i><span + <i>puberté</i>—L. <i>pubertas</i>, <i><span class="nw">-tatis</span></i>—<i>pubes</i>, <i>puber</i>, grown up.]</p> @@ -32445,7 +32407,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Puck</b>, puk, <i>n.</i> a goblin or mischievous sprite: a merry fairy in <i>Midsummer Night's Dream</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Puck′ish</span></b>. [M. E. <i>pouke</i>—Celt., as - Ir. <i>puca</i>, W. <i>pwca</i>, <i>bwg</i>; conn. with Ice. <i>púki</i>. + Ir. <i>puca</i>, W. <i>pwca</i>, <i>bwg</i>; conn. with Ice. <i>púki</i>. Cf. <i>Pug</i>, <i>Bug</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pucka</b>, puk′a, <i>adj.</i> durable, substantial—opp. @@ -32528,7 +32490,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pū′erilely</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pū′erileness</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pūeril′ity</span></b>, quality of being puerile: - that which is puerile: a childish expression. [Fr. <i>puéril</i>—L. + that which is puerile: a childish expression. [Fr. <i>puéril</i>—L. <i>puerilis</i>—<i>puer</i>, a child.]</p> <p><b>Puerperal</b>, pū-ėr′pėr-al, <i>adj.</i> @@ -32624,8 +32586,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Puisne</b>, pū′ne, <i>adj.</i> (<i>law</i>) younger or inferior in rank, applied to certain judges in England. [O. Fr. (Fr. - <i>puiné</i>), from <i>puis</i>—L. <i>post</i>, after, <i>né</i>, - pa.p. of <i>naître</i>—L. <i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be + <i>puiné</i>), from <i>puis</i>—L. <i>post</i>, after, <i>né</i>, + pa.p. of <i>naître</i>—L. <i>nasci</i>, <i>natus</i>, to be born.]</p> <p><b>Puissant</b>, pū′is-ant, <i>adj.</i> potent or @@ -32662,7 +32624,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pulex</b>, pū′leks, <i>n.</i> a genus of insects: the flea. [L.]</p> - <p><b>Pulkha</b>, pul′kä, <i>n.</i> a Laplander's sledge, shaped + <p><b>Pulkha</b>, pul′kä, <i>n.</i> a Laplander's sledge, shaped like a boat.—Also <b>Pulk</b>. [Lap.]</p> <p><b>Pull</b>, pōōl, <i>v.t.</i> to draw, or try to draw, @@ -32698,7 +32660,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:9%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pulley.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pulley.png" - alt="Pulley." title="Pulley." /></a> + alt="Pulley." title="Pulley."></a> </div> <p><b>Pulley</b>, pōōl′i, <i>n.</i> a wheel turning about an axis, and having a groove on its rim in which a cord runs, used @@ -32711,7 +32673,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pullanus</i>—<i>pullus</i>; acc. to Diez, from Fr. <i>poulie</i>, itself from Eng. <i>pull</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Pullman-car</b>, pōōl′man-kär, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Pullman-car</b>, pōōl′man-kär, <i>n.</i> a railway sleeping-car or palace-car, first made by George M. <i>Pullman</i> (b. 1831) in America.</p> @@ -32850,7 +32812,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>polviglio</i>—L. <i>pulvillus</i>, a little cushion—<i>pulvinus</i>, a cushion.]</p> - <p><b>Pulvillar</b>, pul′vi-lär, <i>adj.</i> cushion or + <p><b>Pulvillar</b>, pul′vi-lär, <i>adj.</i> cushion or pad-like.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pulvil′liform</span></b>, like a pulvillus.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -32866,10 +32828,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pulvillus</i>, <i>pulvinus</i>, a cushion, <i>pulvinar</i>, a soft couch.]</p> - <p><b>Pulwar</b>, pul′wär, <i>n.</i> a light keelless boat used on + <p><b>Pulwar</b>, pul′wär, <i>n.</i> a light keelless boat used on the Ganges.—Also <b><span class="nw">Pal′war</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Pulza-oil</b>, pul′zä-oil, <i>n.</i> an oil obtained from the + <p><b>Pulza-oil</b>, pul′zä-oil, <i>n.</i> an oil obtained from the seeds of <i>Fatropha Curcas</i>, from the Cape Verd Islands.</p> <p><b>Puma</b>, pū′ma, <i>n.</i> a carnivorous animal, of the @@ -32886,7 +32848,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pumice.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pum′ice-stone</span></b> (same as <b>Pumice</b>); <b><span class="nw">Pū′my</span></b> (<i>Spens.</i>), a - pebble, stone. [A.S. <i>pumic-</i>(<i><span class="nw">-stán</span></i>), + pebble, stone. [A.S. <i>pumic-</i>(<i><span class="nw">-stán</span></i>), pumice (-stone)—L. <i>pumex</i>, <i>pumicis</i>, for <i>spumex</i>—<i>spuma</i>, foam—<i>spuĕre</i>. Cf. <i>Spume</i>, and <i>Pounce</i>, a fine powder.]</p> @@ -33044,7 +33006,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-d</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Punctūlā′tion</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Punc′tūle</span></b>; <b><span - class="nw">Punc′tūlum</span></b>.—<b>Punctum cæcum</b>, + class="nw">Punc′tūlum</span></b>.—<b>Punctum cæcum</b>, the point of the retina from which the optic nerve fibres radiate, so called because impervious to light.</p> @@ -33096,7 +33058,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> punishment. [Fr. <i>punir</i>, <i>punis-sant</i>—L. <i>punīre</i>, to punish—<i>pœna</i>, penalty.]</p> - <p><b>Punjabee</b>, <b>Punjabi</b>, pun-jä′bē, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Punjabee</b>, <b>Punjabi</b>, pun-jä′bē, <i>n.</i> a native or inhabitant of the <i>Punjab</i> in India.</p> <p><b>Punk</b>, pungk, <i>n.</i> rotten wood used as tinder: @@ -33149,7 +33111,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pupa</b>, pū′pa, <i>n.</i> an insect enclosed in a case while passing from the caterpillar to the winged stage: a - chrysalis—also <b>Pūpe</b>:—<i>pl.</i> <b>Pupæ</b> + chrysalis—also <b>Pūpe</b>:—<i>pl.</i> <b>Pupæ</b> <span class="nw">(pū′pē).</span>—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pū′pal</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pūpā′rial</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> @@ -33161,7 +33123,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pū′piform</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Pūpig′erous</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pūpip′ara</span></b>, a division of dipterous - insects having pupæ developed within the body of the + insects having pupæ developed within the body of the mother.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pūpip′arous</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Pūpiv′orous</span></b>; <b><span @@ -33214,11 +33176,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the condition of being a puppy.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pupp′yish</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pupp′yism</span></b>, conceit in men. [Fr. - <i>poupée</i>, a doll or puppet—L. <i>pupa</i>.]</p> + <i>poupée</i>, a doll or puppet—L. <i>pupa</i>.]</p> <p><b>Pur</b>. See <b>Purr</b>.</p> - <p><b>Purana</b>, pōō-rä′na, <i>n.</i> one of a class + <p><b>Purana</b>, pōō-rä′na, <i>n.</i> one of a class of sacred poetical books in Sanscrit literature, forming with the Tantras the main foundation of the actual popular creed of the Brahmanical Hindus.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Puran′ic</span></b>. @@ -33251,7 +33213,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> eagerly, pursue—<i>pur</i> (L. <i>pro</i>), for, <i>chasser</i>, to chase.]</p> - <p><b>Purdah</b>, pur′dä, <i>n.</i> a curtain screening a chamber + <p><b>Purdah</b>, pur′dä, <i>n.</i> a curtain screening a chamber of state or the women's apartments: the seclusion itself. [Hind. <i>parda</i>, a screen.]</p> @@ -33274,7 +33236,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> knowledge, as <i>pure mathematics</i>, <i>pure logic</i>, &c. [Fr. <i>pur</i>—L. <i>purus</i>, pure.]</p> - <p><b>Purée</b>, pü-rā′, <i>n.</i> a soup, such as pea-soup, + <p><b>Purée</b>, pü-rā′, <i>n.</i> a soup, such as pea-soup, in which there are no pieces of solids. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Purfle</b>, pur′fl, <i>v.t.</i> to decorate with a wrought or @@ -33416,7 +33378,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Pur′ple-frost′y</span></b> (<i>Tenn.</i>), purple with frost or cold; <b><span class="nw">Pur′ple-hued</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), having a purple hue.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pur′ples</span></b>, petechiæ or spots of livid red on + class="nw">Pur′ples</span></b>, petechiæ or spots of livid red on the body: a disease of wheat: an early purple-flowered orchid.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pur′ple-spiked</span></b>, having purple @@ -33757,14 +33719,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Put-log</b>, put′-log, <i>n.</i> a cross-piece in a scaffolding, the inner end resting in a hole left in the wall.</p> - <p><b>Putois</b>, pü-twa′, <i>n.</i> a brush of polecat's hair for + <p><b>Putois</b>, pü-twa′, <i>n.</i> a brush of polecat's hair for pottery. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Putoo</b>, put′ōō, <i>n.</i> a dish made of palmyra-nut meal, scraped coco-nut, &c.</p> <p><b>Putorius</b>, pū-tō′ri-us, <i>n.</i> a large - family of <i>Mustelidæ</i>, including weasels, stoats, polecats, ferrets, + family of <i>Mustelidæ</i>, including weasels, stoats, polecats, ferrets, &c.</p> <p><b>Putrefy</b>, pū′tre-fī, <i>v.t.</i> to make @@ -33833,7 +33795,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Putt′y-root</span></b>, an American orchid the corm of whose root-stock contains a highly glutinous matter; <b><span class="nw">Putt′y-work</span></b>, decoration in a soft substance - which grows very hard. [O. Fr. <i>potée</i>, properly that which is + which grows very hard. [O. Fr. <i>potée</i>, properly that which is contained in a pot, Fr. <i>pot.</i>]</p> <p><b>Put-up</b>, poot′-up, <i>adj.</i> speciously conceived, @@ -33844,7 +33806,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Pul′tūre</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>peulture</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Puxi</b>, puk′si, <i>n.</i> the edible larvæ of various flies + <p><b>Puxi</b>, puk′si, <i>n.</i> the edible larvæ of various flies of the genus <i>Ephydra</i>, found in the alkali lakes of western North America. [Mex. Ind.]</p> @@ -33880,16 +33842,16 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (Eng. <i>opposal</i>), an objection—<i>opposen</i>, <i>posen</i>. Cf. <i>Pose</i> and <i>Oppose</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Puzzolana</b>, puz-ō-lä′na, <i>n.</i> a loosely + <p><b>Puzzolana</b>, puz-ō-lä′na, <i>n.</i> a loosely coherent volcanic sand found at <i>Pozzuoli</i>, near Naples, forming a hydraulic cement with ordinary lime.—Also <b><span - class="nw">Puzzolä′no</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Pozzuolä′na</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Puzzolä′no</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Pozzuolä′na</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Pyæmia</b>, <b>Pyemia</b>, pī-ē′mi-a, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Pyæmia</b>, <b>Pyemia</b>, pī-ē′mi-a, <i>n.</i> a disease caused by the introduction into the blood of decomposing matter, from pus, &c.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Pyæ′mic</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Pyæ′mic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Pyē′mic</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pyon</i>, pus, <i>haima</i>, blood.]</p> @@ -33917,7 +33879,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>pyknos</i>, thick.]</p> <p><b>Pycnostyle</b>, pik′nō-stīl, <i>adj.</i> - (<i>archit.</i>) noting a lower degree of intercolumniation, usually 1½ + (<i>archit.</i>) noting a lower degree of intercolumniation, usually 1½ diameters. [Gr. <i>pyknos</i>, thick, <i>stylos</i>, a column.]</p> <p><b>Pyebald</b>. See <b>Piebald</b>.</p> @@ -33950,8 +33912,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> folklore.—<i>adj.</i> resembling a pygmy: very small.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pygmē′an</span></b>, dwarfish: diminutive. [O. Fr. - <i>pigme</i>, <i>pygme</i>—L. <i>Pygmæi</i>—Gr. - <i>Pygmaioi</i>, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) <i>pygmē</i>—13½ in. + <i>pigme</i>, <i>pygme</i>—L. <i>Pygmæi</i>—Gr. + <i>Pygmaioi</i>, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) <i>pygmē</i>—13½ in. long—<i>pygmē</i>, fist.]</p> <p><b>Pygopus</b>, pī′gō-pus, <i>n.</i> a genus of @@ -33962,11 +33924,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Py′gostyled</span></b>. [Gr. <i>pygē</i>, the rump, <i>stylos</i>, a column.]</p> - <p><b>Pyjamas</b>, pe-jä′maz, <i>n.pl.</i> loose drawers or + <p><b>Pyjamas</b>, pe-jä′maz, <i>n.pl.</i> loose drawers or trousers tied round the waist, in India, used also by - Europeans.—Also <b><span class="nw">Paijä′mas</span></b>, - <b><span class="nw">Pajä′mas</span></b>. [Hind. - <i>pāëjāma</i>, lit. 'leg-clothing.']</p> + Europeans.—Also <b><span class="nw">Paijä′mas</span></b>, + <b><span class="nw">Pajä′mas</span></b>. [Hind. + <i>pāëjāma</i>, lit. 'leg-clothing.']</p> <p><b>Pylon</b>, pī′lon, <i>n.</i> a gateway to an Egyptian temple: the mass of building through which the gateway was pierced. [Gr. @@ -34039,7 +34001,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pertaining to the <i>Pyrenees</i>, the range of mountains between France and Spain.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Pyrenē′ite</span></b>, a grayish-black garnet. [L. - <i>Pyrenæi</i> (<i>montes</i>), the Pyrenees.]</p> + <i>Pyrenæi</i> (<i>montes</i>), the Pyrenees.]</p> <p><b>Pyrenomycetes</b>, pī-rē-nō-mī-sē′tez, <i>n.pl.</i> an @@ -34310,7 +34272,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Pyrrhous</b>, pir′us, <i>adj.</i> reddish. [Gr.]</p> <p><b>Pyrus</b>, pī′rus, <i>n.</i> a genus of trees and - shrubs of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>, sub-order <i>Pomeæ</i>. [L. + shrubs of the natural order <i>Rosaceæ</i>, sub-order <i>Pomeæ</i>. [L. <i>pyrus</i>, for <i>pirus</i>, a pear-tree.]</p> <p><b>Pythagorean</b>, pi-thag-ō-rē′an, <i>adj.</i> @@ -34334,7 +34296,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:10%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Pyx.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Pyx.png" - alt="Pyx." title="Pyx." /></a> + alt="Pyx." title="Pyx."></a> </div> <p><b>Pythogenic</b>, pī-thō-jen′ik, <i>adj.</i> produced by filth.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -34370,19 +34332,19 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> seed-vessel which opens in two halves, the upper one resembling a lid. [Gr. <i>pyxidion</i>, dim. of <i>pyxis</i>.]</p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> <div class="figleft" style="width:5%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Q.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Q.png" - alt="Q" title="Q" /></a> + alt="Q" title="Q"></a> </div> <p>the seventeenth letter of our alphabet—absent from the Anglo-Saxon alphabet, in which the sound was expressed by <i>cw</i>; in Scotland replacing <i>hw</i>, now always followed by <i>u</i>: Roman numeral=500.</p> - <p><b>Qua</b>, kwä, <i>adv.</i> as far as. [L.]</p> + <p><b>Qua</b>, kwä, <i>adv.</i> as far as. [L.]</p> <p><b>Quab</b>, <b>Quob</b>, kwob, <i>v.i.</i> (<i>obs.</i>) to tremble.</p> @@ -34413,7 +34375,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>quadrat</i>.—<i>v.t.</i> to fill with quadrats.</p> <p><b>Quadra</b>, kwod′ra, <i>n.</i> a frame enclosing a - bas-relief:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quad′ræ</span></b> + bas-relief:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quad′ræ</span></b> (-ē). [L. <i>quadrus</i>, square.]</p> <p><b>Quadragenarian</b>, kwod-ra-jē-nā′ri-an, @@ -34445,7 +34407,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Quadran′tes</span></b>. [L.]</p> <p><b>Quadrant</b>, kwod′rant, <i>n.</i> (<i>geom.</i>) the fourth - part of a circle, or an arc of 90°: an instrument used in astronomy for + part of a circle, or an arc of 90°: an instrument used in astronomy for the determination of angular measurements: an instrument of navigation for measuring the altitude of the sun.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quadrant′al</span></b>, pertaining to, equal to, or @@ -34457,17 +34419,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> lines (commonly <b>Quad</b>)—distinguished as <i>en</i> <span class="nw">(<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_En.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_En.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="En quadrat" /></a>)</span>, <i>em</i> <span + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="En quadrat"></a>)</span>, <i>em</i> <span class="nw">(<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_Em.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_Em.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Em quadrat" /></a>)</span>, <i>two-em</i> + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Em quadrat"></a>)</span>, <i>two-em</i> <span class="nw">(<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_2Em.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_2Em.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Two-Em quadrat" /></a>)</span>, and + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Two-Em quadrat"></a>)</span>, and <i>three-em</i> <span class="nw">(<a href="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_3Em.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Quadrat_3Em.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Three-Em quadrat" /></a>)</span>.</p> + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="Three-Em quadrat"></a>)</span>.</p> <p><b>Quadrate</b>, kwod′rāt, <i>adj.</i> squared: having four equal sides and four right angles: divisible into four equal parts: @@ -34488,7 +34450,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> curves; <b><span class="nw">Quad′rāture</span></b>, a squaring: (<i>geom.</i>) the finding, exactly or approximately, of a square that shall be equal to a given figure of some other shape: the - position of a heavenly body when 90° distant from another: (<i>Milt.</i>) + position of a heavenly body when 90° distant from another: (<i>Milt.</i>) a square space; <b><span class="nw">Quadrā′tus</span></b>, the <i>quadratus femoris</i>, or square muscle of the femur in man, the <i>quadratus lumborum</i>, that of the loins, the <i>depressor labii @@ -34526,7 +34488,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>caput</i>, head.]</p> <p><b>Quadricorn</b>, kwod′ri-korn, <i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> - having four horns, antennæ, &c.—Also <b><span + having four horns, antennæ, &c.—Also <b><span class="nw">Quadricorn′ous</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Quadricycle</b>, kwod′ri-sī-kl, <i>n.</i> a @@ -34548,8 +34510,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quadriga</b>, kwod-rī′ga, <i>n.</i> in Greek and Roman times a two-wheeled car drawn by four horses abreast:—<i>pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Quadrī′gæ</span></b>. [L., a contr. of - <i>quadrijugæ</i>—<i>quatuor</i>, four, <i>jugum</i>, a yoke.]</p> + <b><span class="nw">Quadrī′gæ</span></b>. [L., a contr. of + <i>quadrijugæ</i>—<i>quatuor</i>, four, <i>jugum</i>, a yoke.]</p> <p><b>Quadrigeminous</b>, kwod-ri-jem′i-nus, <i>adj.</i> fourfold, having four similar parts.—Also <b><span @@ -34689,19 +34651,19 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of Alberoni. [Fr.,—L. <i>quadruplus</i>—<i>quatuor</i>, four.]</p> - <p><b>Quæsitum</b>, kwē-sī′tum, <i>n.</i> something + <p><b>Quæsitum</b>, kwē-sī′tum, <i>n.</i> something sought or required:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Quæsī′ta</span></b>. [L. neut. of <i>quæsitus</i>, - pa.p. of <i>quærĕre</i>, to seek.]</p> + class="nw">Quæsī′ta</span></b>. [L. neut. of <i>quæsitus</i>, + pa.p. of <i>quærĕre</i>, to seek.]</p> - <p><b>Quæstor</b>, kwēs′tor, <i>n.</i> a magistrate with + <p><b>Quæstor</b>, kwēs′tor, <i>n.</i> a magistrate with charge of the Roman public funds—originally who investigated cases of murder and executed sentence: in the Middle Ages an officer who announced indulgences: a treasurer—also <b><span class="nw">Ques′tor</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Quæs′torship</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Ques′torship</span></b>. [L.,—<i>quærere</i>, - <i>quæsitum</i>, to seek.]</p> + class="nw">Quæs′torship</span></b>, <b><span + class="nw">Ques′torship</span></b>. [L.,—<i>quærere</i>, + <i>quæsitum</i>, to seek.]</p> <p><b>Quaff</b>, kwaf, <i>v.t.</i> to drink in large draughts.—<i>v.i.</i> to drink largely.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -34735,7 +34697,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (<i>Shak.</i>) to slacken.—<i>v.t.</i> to subdue: to terrify.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quail′ing</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), act of one who quails: a failing in courage. [A.S. - <i>cwelan</i>, to die; Ger. <i>quälen</i>, to suffer.]</p> + <i>cwelan</i>, to die; Ger. <i>quälen</i>, to suffer.]</p> <p><b>Quail</b>, kwāl, <i>n.</i> a small gallinaceous bird, related to the partridge family: (<i>Shak.</i>) a whore.—<i>ns.</i> @@ -34828,7 +34790,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> quality; <b>The quality</b>, persons of high rank, collectively. [Fr.,—L. <i>qualitas</i>, <i>qualitatis</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Qualm</b>, kwäm, <i>n.</i> a sudden attack of illness: a sensation + <p><b>Qualm</b>, kwäm, <i>n.</i> a sudden attack of illness: a sensation of nausea: a scruple, as of conscience.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Qualm′ish</span></b>, affected with qualm, or a disposition to vomit, or with slight sickness: uneasy.—<i>adv.</i> @@ -34845,7 +34807,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quandary</b>, kwon-dā′ri, or <span class="nw">kwon′da-ri,</span> <i>n.</i> a state of difficulty or uncertainty: a hard plight. [Prob. M. E. <i>wandreth</i>, - peril—Ice. <i>vandrætdi</i>, trouble.]</p> + peril—Ice. <i>vandrætdi</i>, trouble.]</p> <p><b>Quannet</b>, kwan′et, <i>n.</i> a file for scraping zinc plates: a kind of file used in comb-making.</p> @@ -34893,7 +34855,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> sufficit</b>—as much as is sufficient. [L. <i>quantum</i>, neut. of <i>quantus</i>, how great.]</p> - <p><b>Quaquaversal</b>, kwä-kwä-ver′sal, <i>adj.</i> (<i>geol.</i>) + <p><b>Quaquaversal</b>, kwä-kwä-ver′sal, <i>adj.</i> (<i>geol.</i>) inclining outward in all directions from a centre: facing all ways.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quaquaver′sally</span></b>. [L. <i>quaqua</i>, @@ -34912,10 +34874,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>quarantaine</i>—L. <i>quadraginta</i>, forty—<i>quatuor</i>, four.]</p> - <p><b>Quarl</b>, kwärl, <i>n.</i> a segment of fireclay used in making + <p><b>Quarl</b>, kwärl, <i>n.</i> a segment of fireclay used in making covers for retorts, &c.</p> - <p><b>Quarl</b>, kwärl, <i>n.</i> a medusa or jelly-fish.</p> + <p><b>Quarl</b>, kwärl, <i>n.</i> a medusa or jelly-fish.</p> <p><b>Quarrel</b>, kwor′el, <i>n.</i> a square of glass placed diagonally: a lozenge or diamond: a diamond pane of glass: a small square @@ -34964,7 +34926,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> rock-drill; <b><span class="nw">Quarr′y-wa′ter</span></b>, the water contained in the pores of stone while unquarried, or newly quarried, before its evaporation. [O. Fr. <i>quarriere</i> (Fr. - <i>carrière</i>)—Low L. <i>quadraria</i>—L. <i>quadratus</i>, + <i>carrière</i>)—Low L. <i>quadraria</i>—L. <i>quadratus</i>, square.]</p> <p><b>Quarry</b>, kwor′i, <i>n.</i> the entrails of the game given @@ -34978,7 +34940,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> paved with such. [O. Fr. <i>quarre</i>—L. <i>quadratus</i>, square.]</p> - <p><b>Quart</b>, <b>Quarte</b>, kärt, <i>n.</i> a sequence of four cards: + <p><b>Quart</b>, <b>Quarte</b>, kärt, <i>n.</i> a sequence of four cards: one of the eight thrusts and parries in fencing.—<b>Quart and tierce</b>, practice between fencers. [Fr. <i>quarte</i>.]</p> @@ -34987,7 +34949,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the peck or quarter of a bushel: (<i>mus.</i>) the interval of a fourth.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quartā′tion</span></b>, the parting of gold and - silver by means of nitric acid.—<b>Quart d'écu</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), + silver by means of nitric acid.—<b>Quart d'écu</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), a cardecu. [Fr. <i>quarte</i>—L. <i>quartus</i>, fourth—<i>quatuor</i>, four.]</p> @@ -35019,7 +34981,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Quar′ter-back</span></b>, a certain player or position in football (see <b>Back</b>); <b><span class="nw">Quar′ter-bend</span></b>, a bend in a pipe or rod - altering its direction 90°; <b><span + altering its direction 90°; <b><span class="nw">Quar′ter-bill</span></b>, a list of the stations for men on board a man-of-war during action; <b><span class="nw">Quar′ter-blank′et</span></b>, a horse-blanket for @@ -35094,7 +35056,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Quar′tern-loaf</span></b>, a loaf weighing, generally, four pounds; <b><span class="nw">Quarteroon′</span></b> (see <b>Quadroon</b>); <b><span class="nw">Quar′ter-plate</span></b>, in - photography, a size of plate measuring 3¼ by 4¼ inches: a picture of this + photography, a size of plate measuring 3¼ by 4¼ inches: a picture of this size; <b><span class="nw">Quar′ter-round</span></b>, a moulding having an outline approximating to a quadrant, an <i>ovolo</i>: any tool adapted for making such; <b><span @@ -35117,11 +35079,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> or order.—<i>n.</i> an algebraic function of the fourth degree.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quar′tile</span></b> (<i>astrol.</i>), an aspect of planets when their longitudes differ by - 90°.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quar′to</span></b>, + 90°.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quar′to</span></b>, having the sheet folded into four leaves (abbrev. 4to).—<i>n.</i> a book of a quarto size:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Quar′tos</span></b> (demy quarto, 8¾ × 11¼ in.; medium - quarto, 9¼ × 11¾ in.; royal quarto, 10 × 12½ in.).—<b>Beat up the + class="nw">Quar′tos</span></b> (demy quarto, 8¾ × 11¼ in.; medium + quarto, 9¼ × 11¾ in.; royal quarto, 10 × 12½ in.).—<b>Beat up the quarters of</b>, to disturb: to visit unceremoniously; <b>Come to close quarters</b>, to get into a hand-to-hand struggle.—<b>Small quarto</b>, a square octavo: a book having eight leaves to a sheet but @@ -35184,7 +35146,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> bitter wood and bark of which are used as a tonic.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quass′ine</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Quass′ite</span></b>, the bitter principle of - quassia-wood, the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. [So called by Linnæus + quassia-wood, the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. [So called by Linnæus from a negro named <i>Quassi</i>, who first discoverer its value against fever.]</p> @@ -35246,7 +35208,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quay</b>, kē, <i>n.</i> a landing-place: a wharf for the loading or unloading of vessels.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quay′age</span></b>, payment for use of a quay. [O. Fr. - <i>quay</i>—Celt., as in Bret. <i>kaé</i>, and W. <i>cae</i>, an + <i>quay</i>—Celt., as in Bret. <i>kaé</i>, and W. <i>cae</i>, an enclosure.]</p> <p><b>Quayd</b>, kwād, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>). Same as @@ -35266,12 +35228,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> sickness after a debauch, Ice. <i><span class="nw">-kveisa</span></i>, pains, as in <i>idhra-kveisa</i>, pains in the stomach.]</p> - <p><b>Quebracho</b>, ke-brä′chō, <i>n.</i> the bark of + <p><b>Quebracho</b>, ke-brä′chō, <i>n.</i> the bark of several hard-wooded South American trees—good in fever. [Port.,—<i>quebrahacho</i>, axe-breaker—<i>quebrar</i>, to break, <i>hacha</i>, <i>facha</i>, axe.]</p> - <p><b>Quebrada</b>, ke-brä′da, <i>n.</i> a ravine. [Sp. Amer.]</p> + <p><b>Quebrada</b>, ke-brä′da, <i>n.</i> a ravine. [Sp. Amer.]</p> <p><b>Queen</b>, kwēn, <i>n.</i> the wife of a king: a female sovereign: the best or chief of her kind: a queen-bee or queen-ant: of @@ -35328,8 +35290,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Docks, and in which contraband goods were burned; <b>Queen's ware</b>, a variety of Wedgwood ware, otherwise known as <i>cream-coloured ware</i>; <b>Queen's yellow</b>, the yellow subsulphate of mercury. [A.S. - <i>cwén</i>; Goth. <i>kwēns</i>, Ice. <i>kván</i>, - <i>kvæn</i>.]</p> + <i>cwén</i>; Goth. <i>kwēns</i>, Ice. <i>kván</i>, + <i>kvæn</i>.]</p> <blockquote class="b1n"> @@ -35378,7 +35340,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Cf. <i>Quail</i> (v.).]</p> <p><b>Queme</b>, kwēm, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to please, suit, - fit. [A.S. <i>cwéman</i>; cf. Ger. <i>bequem</i>, fit.]</p> + fit. [A.S. <i>cwéman</i>; cf. Ger. <i>bequem</i>, fit.]</p> <p><b>Quench</b>, kwensh, <i>v.t.</i> to put out: to destroy: to check: to allay: to place in water.—<i>v.i.</i> to lose zeal, grow @@ -35455,8 +35417,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of: to mark with a query.—<i>v.i.</i> to question:—<i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> <span class="nw">quē′ried.</span>—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Ques′itive</span></b>, interrogatory. [L. <i>quære</i>, - imper. of <i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to inquire.]</p> + class="nw">Ques′itive</span></b>, interrogatory. [L. <i>quære</i>, + imper. of <i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to inquire.]</p> <p><b>Quest</b>, kwest, <i>n.</i> the act of seeking: search: pursuit: a searching party: a jury of inquest: inquiry, investigation: request or @@ -35466,8 +35428,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Quest′er</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), one who seeks after anything, a candidate.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quest′ful</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>queste</i> (Fr. - <i>quête</i>)—L. <i>quæsita</i> (<i>res</i>), a thing - sought—<i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to seek.]</p> + <i>quête</i>)—L. <i>quæsita</i> (<i>res</i>), a thing + sought—<i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to seek.]</p> <p><b>Question</b>, kwest′yun, <i>n.</i> a seeking: an inquiry: an examination, esp. by torture: an investigation: dispute: doubt: a subject @@ -35504,10 +35466,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of question</b>, doubtless; <b>Out of the question</b>, not to be thought of; <b>Pop the question</b> (see <b>Pop</b>); <b>Previous question</b> (see <b>Previous</b>). [Fr.,—L. - <i>quæstion-em</i>—<i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to + <i>quæstion-em</i>—<i>quærĕre</i>, <i>quæsitum</i>, to seek.]</p> - <p><b>Questor</b>, <b>Questorship</b>. See <b>Quæstor</b>.</p> + <p><b>Questor</b>, <b>Questorship</b>. See <b>Quæstor</b>.</p> <p><b>Quetzal</b>, kwet′sal, <i>n.</i> the resplendent trogon, a native of Central America, the plumage of the male a magnificent golden @@ -35521,7 +35483,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.,—L. <i>cauda</i>, a tail.]</p> <p><b>Quey</b>, kwā, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) a young cow or - heifer, a cow that has not yet had a calf. [Ice. <i>kvíga</i>; Dan. + heifer, a cow that has not yet had a calf. [Ice. <i>kvÃga</i>; Dan. <i>kvie</i>.]</p> <p><b>Quhilk</b>, hwilk, <i>pron.</i> an obsolete Scotch form of @@ -35647,7 +35609,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> given or taken as equivalent to something else. [L., 'something for something.']</p> - <p><b>Quien sabe</b>, kien sä′be, who knows? a common reply to a + <p><b>Quien sabe</b>, kien sä′be, who knows? a common reply to a question in the south-western United States, meaning 'I do not know.' [Sp. <i>quien</i>, who—L. <i>quis</i>, who; <i>sabe</i>, 3d pers. sing. pres. indic. of <i>saber</i>, to know—L. <i>sapĕre</i>, @@ -35735,8 +35697,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> machine in which a weaver's quill is turned; <b><span class="nw">Quill′-work</span></b>, embroidery with porcupine quills, done by the North American Indians; <b><span - class="nw">Quill′-wort</span></b>, any plant of the genus Isoëtes, - esp. <i>Isoëtes lacustris</i>.—<b>In the quill</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), + class="nw">Quill′-wort</span></b>, any plant of the genus Isoëtes, + esp. <i>Isoëtes lacustris</i>.—<b>In the quill</b> (<i>Shak.</i>), perhaps=penned, though others interpret 'in form and order like a quilled ruff.' [Explained by Skeat as orig. a stalk, hence anything pointed, O. Fr. <i>quille</i>, a peg—Old High Ger. <i>kegil</i> or @@ -35800,7 +35762,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:11%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Quincunx.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Quincunx.png" - alt="Quincunx." title="Quincunx." /></a> + alt="Quincunx." title="Quincunx."></a> </div> <p><b>Quincunx</b>, kwin′kungks, <i>n.</i> an arrangement of five things, so as to occupy each corner and the centre of a square, esp. of @@ -35886,7 +35848,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Quinquelit′eral</span></b>, consisting of five letters; <b><span class="nw">Quinquelō′bate</span></b>, having five lobes; <b><span class="nw">Quinqueloc′ular</span></b>, - having five loculi; <b><span class="nw">Quinquepär′tite</span></b>, + having five loculi; <b><span class="nw">Quinquepär′tite</span></b>, five-parted; <b><span class="nw">Quinquesep′tate</span></b>, having five septa; <b><span class="nw">Quinquesē′rial</span></b>, arranged in five series; <b><span @@ -35907,11 +35869,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> galley having five banks of oars. [L.,—<i>quinque</i>, five, <i>remus</i>, an oar.]</p> - <p><b>Quinquina</b>, kin-kī′nä, <i>n.</i> quinaquina. + <p><b>Quinquina</b>, kin-kī′nä, <i>n.</i> quinaquina. [<i>Quinine</i>.]</p> <p><b>Quinquino</b>, kin′ki-nō, <i>n.</i> the tree - (<i>Myroxylon Pereiræ</i>) which yields the balsam of Peru.</p> + (<i>Myroxylon Pereiræ</i>) which yields the balsam of Peru.</p> <p><b>Quinsy</b>, kwin′zi, <i>n.</i> an inflammatory affection of the substance of the tonsils, attended when fully developed by @@ -35930,7 +35892,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> fifth day. [Fr.,—L. <i>quintus</i>, fifth—<i>quinque</i>, five.]</p> - <p><b>Quinta</b>, kwin′tä, <i>n.</i> a country house in Madeira. + <p><b>Quinta</b>, kwin′tä, <i>n.</i> a country house in Madeira. [Sp.]</p> <p><b>Quintad</b>, kwin′tad, <i>n.</i> the same as @@ -35947,7 +35909,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> between the fifth and sixth maniples.]</p> <p><b>Quintal</b>, kwin′tal, <i>n.</i> a hundredweight, either 112 - or 100 pounds according to the scale.—The <b>Quintal métrique</b>, + or 100 pounds according to the scale.—The <b>Quintal métrique</b>, the modern French quintal, is 100 kilograms=220 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr. and Sp. <i>quintal</i>—Ar. <i>qintăr</i>—L. <i>centum</i>, a hundred.]</p> @@ -35969,7 +35931,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quintic</b>, kwin′tik, <i>adj.</i> of the fifth degree.</p> <p><b>Quintile</b>, kwin′til, <i>n.</i> the aspect of planets - distant from each other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72°.</p> + distant from each other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72°.</p> <p><b>Quintillion</b>, kwin-til′yun, <i>n.</i> the fifth power of a million, or a unit followed by thirty ciphers: generally, in U.S., the @@ -36112,7 +36074,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quiver</b>, kwiv′ėr, <i>n.</i> a case for arrows.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quiv′ered</span></b>, furnished with a quiver: sheathed, as in a quiver. [O. Fr. <i>cuivre</i>; - from Old High Ger. <i>kohhar</i> (Ger. <i>köcher</i>); cog. with A.S. + from Old High Ger. <i>kohhar</i> (Ger. <i>köcher</i>); cog. with A.S. <i>cocer</i>.]</p> <p><b>Quiver</b>, kwiv′ėr, <i>v.i.</i> to shake with slight @@ -36123,7 +36085,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Quiv′eringly</span></b>, with quivering.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Quiv′erish</span></b>, tremulous. [A.S. <i>cwifer</i>, - seen in adv. <i>cwiferlíce</i>, eagerly. Cf. <i>Quick</i> and + seen in adv. <i>cwiferlÃce</i>, eagerly. Cf. <i>Quick</i> and <i>Quaver</i>.]</p> <p><b>Qui vive</b>, kē vēv, Who goes there?—the @@ -36159,7 +36121,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> oddness; <b><span class="nw">Quiz′zing</span></b>, raillery; <b><span class="nw">Quiz′zing-glass</span></b>, a single eye-glass. [Origin obscure; doubtless framed from <i>question</i>, or direct from L. - <i>quæso</i>, I ask.]</p> + <i>quæso</i>, I ask.]</p> <p><b>Quoad</b>, kwō′ad, <i>prep.</i> as far as, to this extent.—<b>Quoad hoc</b>, as far as this; <b>Quoad omnia</b>, in @@ -36246,8 +36208,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Quoth</b>, kwōth, <i>v.t.</i> say, says, or said—used only in the 1st and 3d persons present and past, and always followed by its subject.—<i>interj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Quō′thä</span></b>, forsooth, indeed. [A.S. - <i>cwethan</i>, pa.t. <i>cwæth</i>, to say. For <i>quoth'a</i>, said + class="nw">Quō′thä</span></b>, forsooth, indeed. [A.S. + <i>cwethan</i>, pa.t. <i>cwæth</i>, to say. For <i>quoth'a</i>, said he—<i>'a</i> being a corr. of <i>he</i>.]</p> <p><b>Quotidian</b>, kwō-tid′i-an, <i>adj.</i> every day: @@ -36273,12 +36235,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> neut. of <i>quis</i>, who, which, what), <i>warranto</i>, abl. of Low L. <i>warrantum</i>, warrant.]</p> - <p><br style="clear:both" /></p> -<hr class="short" /> + <p><br style="clear:both"></p> +<hr class="short"> <div class="figleft" style="width:5%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_R.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_R.png" - alt="R" title="R" /></a> + alt="R" title="R"></a> </div> <p>the eighteenth letter in our alphabet, belonging to the class of liquids—the 'dog's letter' (<i>littera canina</i>), from the @@ -36286,13 +36248,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="over">R</span></b>=80,000.—<b>The three R's</b>, a humorous term for reading, writing, and arithmetic.</p> - <p><b>Ra</b>, rä, <i>n.</i> the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of + <p><b>Ra</b>, rä, <i>n.</i> the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of ancient Egyptian mythology.</p> <p><b>Rabanna</b>, ra-ban′a, <i>n.</i> matting made from the fibre of the raffia, in Madagascar. [Malagasy.]</p> - <p><b>Rabat</b>, ra-bä′, <i>n.</i> a neck-band with flaps worn by + <p><b>Rabat</b>, ra-bä′, <i>n.</i> a neck-band with flaps worn by French ecclesiastics: a turned-down collar or ruff—(<i>obs.</i>) <b><span class="nw">Rab′atine</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rabā′to</span></b>. [Fr.]</p> @@ -36334,7 +36296,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rabb′inite</span></b>, one who adheres to the Talmud and traditions of the rabbis; <b><span class="nw">Rabbō′ni</span></b>, my great master. - [Gr.,—Heb. <i>rabbí</i>—<i>rab</i>, great, + [Gr.,—Heb. <i>rabbÃ</i>—<i>rab</i>, great, master—<i>rābab</i>, to be great. Cf. Ar. <i>rabb</i>, master, the Lord.]</p> @@ -36378,7 +36340,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rabble</b>, rab′l, <i>n.</i> an iron bar used in puddling.—<i>v.t.</i> to stir with a rabble.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rabb′ler</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>roable</i> (Fr. - <i>râble</i>)—L. <i>rutabulum</i>, a poker.]</p> + <i>râble</i>)—L. <i>rutabulum</i>, a poker.]</p> <p><b>Rabdomancy</b>. Same as <b>Rhabdomancy</b>.</p> @@ -36453,7 +36415,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> horse-race over <i>level</i> or clear ground—opp. to a <i>Hurdle-race</i> or <i>Steeplechase</i>, which are called generally <i>Obstacle-races</i>.—<b>Racing calendar</b>, a full list of races - to be run. [A.S. <i>rǽs</i>, stream; Ice. <i>rás</i>, rapid + to be run. [A.S. <i>rǽs</i>, stream; Ice. <i>rás</i>, rapid course.]</p> <p><b>Race</b>, rās, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) a @@ -36479,7 +36441,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.,—L. <i>racemus</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rach</b>, <b>Ratch</b>, rach, <i>n.</i> a dog that hunts by scent. - [A.S. <i>ræcc</i>, a dog; Ice. <i>rakki</i>.]</p> + [A.S. <i>ræcc</i>, a dog; Ice. <i>rakki</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rachianectes</b>, ra-ki-an-ek′tez, <i>n.</i> the gray whale of the North Pacific. [Gr. <i>rhachia</i>, a rocky shore, @@ -36514,7 +36476,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>letter-rack</i>, &c.: the grating above a manger for hay: (<i>mech.</i>) a straight bar with teeth to work into those of a wheel, pinion, or endless screw, for converting a circular into a rectilinear - motion, or <i>vice versâ</i>: (<i>Scot.</i>) the course in + motion, or <i>vice versâ</i>: (<i>Scot.</i>) the course in curling.—<i>v.t.</i> to stretch forcibly: to strain: to stretch on the rack or wheel: to torture: to exhaust: to worry, agitate: to wrest, overstrain: to practise rapacity: to extort: to place in a rack or frame: @@ -36555,7 +36517,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-fau′cet</span></b>, a cock used in drawing off liquour from a cask; <b><span class="nw">Rack′ing-pump</span></b>, a pump for the transfer of liquor to casks. [O. Fr. <i>raquer</i>, <i>vin - raqué</i>; prob. cog. with Sp. <i>rascar</i>, to scrape.]</p> + raqué</i>; prob. cog. with Sp. <i>rascar</i>, to scrape.]</p> <p><b>Rack</b>, rak, <i>n.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) the neck and spine of a fore-quarter of veal or mutton: the neck of mutton or pork.</p> @@ -36867,7 +36829,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Raft′-rope</span></b>, a rope used in whaling-vessels for stringing blubber; <b><span class="nw">Rafts′man</span></b>, one who guides a raft. [Ice. <i>raptr</i> (pron. <i>raftr</i>), a - rafter—<i>ráf</i>, <i>ræfr</i>, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. + rafter—<i>ráf</i>, <i>ræfr</i>, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. <i>rāfo</i>, a spar.]</p> <p><b>Rafter</b>, raft′ėr, <i>n.</i> an inclined beam @@ -36875,7 +36837,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> rafters.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Raft′er-bird</span></b>, the spotted fly-catcher.—<b>Principal rafter</b>, a main timber in supporting - the weight of a roof. [A.S. <i>ræfter</i>, a beam; Ice. <i>raptr</i> + the weight of a roof. [A.S. <i>ræfter</i>, a beam; Ice. <i>raptr</i> (<i>raftr</i>), a beam; Dan. <i>raft</i>, a pole.]</p> <p><b>Rag</b>, rag, <i>n.</i> a fragment of cloth: a rock having a rough @@ -36913,12 +36875,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rag′-wool</span></b>, shoddy; <b><span class="nw">Rag′work</span></b>, mason-work built of small stones about the size of bricks: a manufacture from strips of - rag.—<b>Rag-tag and bobtail</b>, a rabble. [Ice. <i>rögg</i>, + rag.—<b>Rag-tag and bobtail</b>, a rabble. [Ice. <i>rögg</i>, shagginess.]</p> <p><b>Rag</b>, rag, <i>v.t.</i> to banter, torment.—Also <i>n.</i> - [Perh. from the previous word; others refer to Ice. <i>rægja</i>, to - calumniate; cog. with A.S. <i>wrégan</i>, to accuse.]</p> + [Perh. from the previous word; others refer to Ice. <i>rægja</i>, to + calumniate; cog. with A.S. <i>wrégan</i>, to accuse.]</p> <p><b>Ragbolt</b>, rag′bōlt, <i>n.</i> an iron pin with barbed shank.</p> @@ -36968,18 +36930,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> craven—<i>ragr</i>, cowardly (A.S. <i>earg</i>), <i>madhr</i>, man.]</p> - <p><b>Ragnarök</b>, rag′na-rōōk′, <i>n.</i> the + <p><b>Ragnarök</b>, rag′na-rōōk′, <i>n.</i> the end of the world when the gods (Odin, Thor, &c.) shall be overcome by - their enemies and the world burnt up. [Ice. <i>ragna rökr</i>, twilight - of the gods—<i>rögn</i>, <i>régin</i>, the gods, <i>rökr</i>, - darkness; but orig. <i>ragna rök</i>, the history of the - gods—<i>rök</i>, reason, judgment.]</p> + their enemies and the world burnt up. [Ice. <i>ragna rökr</i>, twilight + of the gods—<i>rögn</i>, <i>régin</i>, the gods, <i>rökr</i>, + darkness; but orig. <i>ragna rök</i>, the history of the + gods—<i>rök</i>, reason, judgment.]</p> <p><b>Ragout</b>, ra-gōō′, <i>n.</i> a stew of meat with kitchen herbs, the French equivalent of Irish stew: any spicy - mixture or combination, even of persons. [Fr.,—<i>ragoûter</i>, to - restore the appetite—L. <i>re</i>, again, Fr. <i>à</i> - (=<i>ad</i>), to, <i>goût</i>—L. <i>gustus</i>, taste.]</p> + mixture or combination, even of persons. [Fr.,—<i>ragoûter</i>, to + restore the appetite—L. <i>re</i>, again, Fr. <i>à </i> + (=<i>ad</i>), to, <i>goût</i>—L. <i>gustus</i>, taste.]</p> <p><b>Raguly</b>, rag′ū-li, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) ragged or notched at the edges.—Also <b><span @@ -36992,7 +36954,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> States, and covered with hoary wool. [<i>Rag</i>, and A.S. <i>wyrt</i>, a plant.]</p> - <p><b>Rahu</b>, rä′hōō, <i>n.</i> in Hindu mythology, + <p><b>Rahu</b>, rä′hōō, <i>n.</i> in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses of sun and moon.</p> <p><b>Raible</b>, rā′bl, <i>v.t.</i> and <i>v.i.</i> a Scotch @@ -37003,7 +36965,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> seizure.—<i>v.t.</i> to make a sudden attack.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Raid′er</span></b>, one who makes a raid.—<b>Raid the market</b>, to derange prices by a panic. [A.S. - <i>rád</i>, a riding; Ice. <i>reidh</i>.]</p> + <i>rád</i>, a riding; Ice. <i>reidh</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rail</b>, rāl, <i>n.</i> a bar of timber or metal extending from one support to another, as in fences, staircases, &c.: one of @@ -37076,7 +37038,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rail</b>, rāl, <i>n.</i> a genus of wading-birds with a harsh cry.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rail′-bird</span></b>, the Carolina rail.—<b>Golden rail</b>, a rail snipe. [O. Fr. - <i>rasle</i> (Fr. <i>râle</i>)—Old Dut. <i>ratelen</i>, to + <i>rasle</i> (Fr. <i>râle</i>)—Old Dut. <i>ratelen</i>, to rattle.]</p> <p><b>Rail</b>, rāl, <i>v.i.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to flow or pour @@ -37137,7 +37099,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> showery.—<b>Rain cats and dogs</b> (see <b>Cat</b>).—<b>A rainy day</b> (<i>fig.</i>), a time of need or hardship: future want or need; <b>The former and the latter rain</b>, Palestine, the rain in - spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S. <i>regn</i>, <i>rén</i>, + spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S. <i>regn</i>, <i>rén</i>, rain; Dut. and Ger. <i>regen</i>, Ice. <i>regn</i>.]</p> <p><b>Raindeer</b>. Same as <b>Reindeer</b>.</p> @@ -37178,25 +37140,25 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> something; <b>Raise one's dander</b> (see <b>Dander</b>); <b>Raise the market upon</b> (<i>coll.</i>), to charge more than the regular price; <b>Raise the wind</b>, to obtain money by any shift. [M. E. - <i>reisen</i>—Ice. <i>reisa</i>, causal of <i>rísa</i>, to rise. + <i>reisen</i>—Ice. <i>reisa</i>, causal of <i>rÃsa</i>, to rise. Cf. <i>Rise</i>.]</p> <p><b>Raisin</b>, rā′zn, <i>n.</i> a dried ripe grape.—<b>Raisin wine</b>, wine made from dried grapes. [Fr.,—L. <i>racemus</i>, a bunch of grapes.]</p> - <p><b>Raison d'être</b>, rā-zong′ <span + <p><b>Raison d'être</b>, rā-zong′ <span class="nw">dā′tr,</span> <i>n.</i> reason or excuse for - being: rational ground for existence.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Raisonné</b> + being: rational ground for existence.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Raisonné</b> <span class="nw">(rā-zo-nā′),</span> reasoned out, - systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. <i>raison</i>, reason, - <i>de</i>, of, <i>être</i>, to be.]</p> + systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonné.' [Fr. <i>raison</i>, reason, + <i>de</i>, of, <i>être</i>, to be.]</p> - <p><b>Rajah</b>, <b>Raja</b>, rä′ja, <i>n.</i> a native prince or - king in Hindustan.—<i>ns.</i> <b>Raj</b> (räj), rule; <b><span + <p><b>Rajah</b>, <b>Raja</b>, rä′ja, <i>n.</i> a native prince or + king in Hindustan.—<i>ns.</i> <b>Raj</b> (räj), rule; <b><span class="nw">Ra′jahship</span></b>, the dignity or principality of a rajah; <b>Rajpoot</b>, <b>Rajput</b> <span - class="nw">(räj-poot′),</span> a member of various tribes in India, + class="nw">(räj-poot′),</span> a member of various tribes in India, descended either from the old royal races of the Hindus or from the warrior caste. [Sans. <i>rājan</i>, a king, cog. with L. <i>rex</i>; Sans. <i>putra</i>, a son.]</p> @@ -37261,12 +37223,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the Levant and Greece.—Also <b><span class="nw">Rak′ee</span></b>. [Turk.]</p> - <p><b>Rakshas</b>, <b>-a</b>, rak′shas, -ä, <i>n.</i> in Hindu + <p><b>Rakshas</b>, <b>-a</b>, rak′shas, -ä, <i>n.</i> in Hindu mythology, one of a class of evil spirits or genii, generally hideous, frequenting cemeteries.</p> - <p><b>Râle</b>, räl, <i>n.</i> (<i>path.</i>) an abnormal sound heard on - auscultation of the lungs. [Fr.,—<i>râler</i>, to rattle—Low + <p><b>Râle</b>, räl, <i>n.</i> (<i>path.</i>) an abnormal sound heard on + auscultation of the lungs. [Fr.,—<i>râler</i>, to rattle—Low Ger. <i>ratelen</i>, to rattle.]</p> <p><b>Rallentando</b>, ral-len-tan′dō, <i>adj.</i> @@ -37286,7 +37248,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> reassemble, esp. after confusion: to recover wasted strength:—<i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> rallied <span class="nw">(ral′id).</span>—<i>n.</i> act of rallying: a - mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation scene: recovery + mêlée of pantomimists, as at the end of a transformation scene: recovery of order: recovery of prices: the return of the ball in tennis, playing frequently from one side to the other.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rall′ying-point</span></b>, a place or person at or @@ -37331,7 +37293,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ramal</b>. See <b>Ramus</b>.</p> - <p><b>Ramayana</b>, rä-mä′ya-nä, <i>n.</i> one of the two great + <p><b>Ramayana</b>, rä-mä′ya-nä, <i>n.</i> one of the two great epic poems of ancient India—the history of <i>Rama</i>.</p> <p><b>Rambade</b>, ram′bād, <i>n.</i> the elevated platform @@ -37355,7 +37317,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Rambōō′tan</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rambost′an</span></b>. [Malay.]</p> - <p><b>Ramé</b>, ra-mā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) attired. + <p><b>Ramé</b>, ra-mā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.']</p> <p><b>Rameal</b>, rā′mē-al, <i>adj.</i>; <b>Ramify</b>, @@ -37386,7 +37348,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ramicorn</b>, rā′mi-korn, <i>n.</i> the horny sheath of the side of the lower mandible in birds.—<i>adj.</i> possessing - ramified antennæ. [L. <i>ramus</i>, branch, <i>cornu</i>, horn.]</p> + ramified antennæ. [L. <i>ramus</i>, branch, <i>cornu</i>, horn.]</p> <p><b>Ramie</b>, <b>Ramee</b>, ram′ē, <i>n.</i> China-grass, <i>Bœhmeria nivea</i>, or its fibre, long used in the East for @@ -37453,7 +37415,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:10%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Rampant.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Rampant.png" - alt="Rampant." title="Rampant." /></a> + alt="Rampant." title="Rampant."></a> </div> <p><b>Rampant</b>, ramp′ant, <i>adj.</i> overgrowing usual bounds: rank in growth: overleaping restraint: (<i>her.</i>) standing on the @@ -37553,7 +37515,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ranā′rium</span></b>, a place where frogs are reared. [L., 'a frog.']</p> - <p><b>Rana</b>, rä′nä, <i>n.</i> prince or chief in Rajputana. + <p><b>Rana</b>, rä′nä, <i>n.</i> prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.]</p> <p><b>Rance</b>, rans, <i>n.</i> a prop, as for the support of a @@ -37645,7 +37607,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of mind: extent of acquirements: the horizontal distance to which a shot is carried: a space through which a body moves, as the range of a thermometer: the long cooking-stove of a kitchen: a - fire-grate.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Rangé</b> (<i>her.</i>), arranged in + fire-grate.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Rangé</b> (<i>her.</i>), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row fessewise.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Range′-find′er</span></b>, an instrument for determining the range of an object by sight.—<i>n.pl.</i> @@ -37668,17 +37630,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Rang</i>, a French conchologist.]</p> <p><b>Rangifer</b>, ran′ji-fer, <i>n.</i> a genus of - <i>Cervidæ</i>, to which the reindeer belongs.—<i>adjs.</i> + <i>Cervidæ</i>, to which the reindeer belongs.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ran′gerine</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rangif′erine</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>rangier</i>, a reindeer, most prob. the Ice. <i>hreinn</i>, reindeer, L. <i>fera</i>, a wild beast.]</p> <p><b>Rani</b>, <b>Ranee</b>, ran′ē, <i>n.</i> the wife of a - rajah. [Hind. <i>rānī</i>—Sans. <i>rājñi</i>, + rajah. [Hind. <i>rānī</i>—Sans. <i>rājñi</i>, queen, fem. of <i>rājan</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Ranidæ</b>, ran′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> the largest family + <p><b>Ranidæ</b>, ran′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> the largest family of batrachians, including about 250 species, of several genera.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ran′iform</span></b>, frog-like; <b><span @@ -37721,7 +37683,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ransack</b>, ran′sak, <i>v.t.</i> to search thoroughly: to plunder: to pillage.—<i>n.</i> eager search.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ran′sacker</span></b>. [Scand. - <i>rannsaka</i>—<i>rann</i>, a house, <i>sak</i> (<i>sækja</i>), + <i>rannsaka</i>—<i>rann</i>, a house, <i>sak</i> (<i>sækja</i>), Eng. <i>seek</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ransom</b>, ran′sum, <i>n.</i> price paid for redemption from @@ -37732,7 +37694,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ran′somable</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ran′somer</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ran′somless</span></b>, without ransom: incapable of - being ransomed. [Fr. <i>rançon</i>—L. <i>redemptio</i>; cf. + being ransomed. [Fr. <i>rançon</i>—L. <i>redemptio</i>; cf. <i>Redemption</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rant</b>, rant, <i>v.i.</i> to use extravagant language: to be @@ -37762,7 +37724,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pertaining to, or resembling, plants of the order of which the ranunculus is the typical genus. [L., a dim. of <i>rana</i>, a frog.]</p> - <p><b>Ranz-des-vaches</b>, rong′-dā-väsh′, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Ranz-des-vaches</b>, rong′-dā-väsh′, <i>n.</i> a melody of the Swiss, played on the alpenhorn. [Swiss Fr., either 'the lowing of the cows' or 'the line of cows.' <i>Vaches</i>, pl. of <i>vache</i>—L. <i>vacca</i>, a cow; <i>ranz</i>, either Swiss @@ -37832,7 +37794,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> occurring in two forms, a spasmodic and a gangrenous, due to the use of rye, wheat, rice, &c., in which a poisonous fungus has developed.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Raph′anus</span></b>, a genus of <i>Cruciferæ</i>, the + class="nw">Raph′anus</span></b>, a genus of <i>Cruciferæ</i>, the radish family.</p> <p><b>Raphe</b>, rā′fē, <i>n.</i> (<i>anat.</i>) a @@ -37865,7 +37827,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rap′idness</span></b>. [Fr. <i>rapide</i>—L. <i>rapidus</i>—<i>rapĕre</i>, to seize.]</p> - <p><b>Rapidamente</b>, ra-pē-dä-men′te, <i>adv.</i> + <p><b>Rapidamente</b>, ra-pē-dä-men′te, <i>adv.</i> (<i>mus.</i>) rapidly.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rap′ido</span></b>, with rapidity. [It.]</p> @@ -37873,7 +37835,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> tempered, edgeless, thrusting weapon, finely pointed, and about 3 feet in length, long the favourite weapon in duelling.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rā′pier-fish</span></b>, a swordfish. [Fr. - <i>rapière</i>, prob. from Sp. <i>raspadera</i>—<i>raspar</i>, + <i>rapière</i>, prob. from Sp. <i>raspadera</i>—<i>raspar</i>, <i>rapar</i>, to rasp.]</p> <p><b>Rapine</b>, rap′in, <i>n.</i> act of seizing and carrying @@ -37890,8 +37852,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> plunderer: a vagabond. [Ir. <i>rapaire</i>, a robber.]</p> <p><b>Rappee</b>, ra-pē′, <i>n.</i> a coarse, - strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. <i>râpé</i>, rasped, - grated—<i>râper</i>, to rasp.]</p> + strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. <i>râpé</i>, rasped, + grated—<i>râper</i>, to rasp.]</p> <p><b>Rappel</b>, ra-pel′, <i>n.</i> the beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. [Fr.]</p> @@ -37938,7 +37900,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rara avis</b>, rā′ra ā′vis, <i>n.</i> a rare bird: a remarkable person:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rā′ræ</span> <span + class="nw">Rā′ræ</span> <span class="nw">ā′ves</span></b>. [L.]</p> <p><b>Rare</b>, rār, <i>adj.</i> (<i>comp.</i> <b><span @@ -37948,7 +37910,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> good: extraordinary.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rāre′bit</span></b>, an erroneous form of <i>Welsh-rabbit</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rarefac′tion</span></b>, - act of rarefying: expansion of aëriform bodies.—<i>adj.</i> + act of rarefying: expansion of aëriform bodies.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rar′efiable</span></b>, capable of being rarefied.—<i>v.t.</i> <b>Rarefy</b> <span class="nw">(rar′e-fī,</span> or <span @@ -38034,7 +37996,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rasorial</b>, ra-sō′ri-al, <i>adj.</i> belonging to an order of birds which scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rasō′res</span></b>, the <i>Gallinæ</i>. + class="nw">Rasō′res</span></b>, the <i>Gallinæ</i>. [<i>Rase</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rasp</b>, rasp, <i>v.t.</i> to rub with a coarse file: to utter in @@ -38051,14 +38013,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> machine; <b><span class="nw">Rasp′ing-mill</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Rasp′-punch</span></b>, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rasp′y</span></b>, - rough. [O. Fr. <i>rasper</i> (Fr. <i>râper</i>)—Old High Ger. + rough. [O. Fr. <i>rasper</i> (Fr. <i>râper</i>)—Old High Ger. <i>raspōn</i>, whence Ger. <i>raspeln</i>, to rasp.]</p> <p><b>Raspberry</b>, raz′ber-i, <i>n.</i> the fruit of several plants of genus <i>Rubus</i>, the plant producing it—also <b>Rasp</b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rasp′berry-bush</span></b>, the shrub which yields the - raspberry.—<b>Raspberry borer</b>, the larvæ of one of the + raspberry.—<b>Raspberry borer</b>, the larvæ of one of the clear-winged sphinxes; <b>Raspberry vinegar</b>, a drink of raspberry juice, vinegar, and sugar.</p> @@ -38092,10 +38054,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> for less than the usual prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; <b><span class="nw">Rat′-trap</span></b>, a trap for catching rats.—<b>Rat-tailed larva</b>, the larva of certain syrphid - flies.—<b>Smell a rat</b>, to have a suspicion. [A.S. <i>ræt</i>; + flies.—<b>Smell a rat</b>, to have a suspicion. [A.S. <i>ræt</i>; Ger. <i>ratte</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Rata</b>, rä′ta, <i>n.</i> a New Zealand tree related to + <p><b>Rata</b>, rä′ta, <i>n.</i> a New Zealand tree related to various species of Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for shipbuilding.</p> @@ -38104,7 +38066,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ratafia</b>, rat-a-fē′a, <i>n.</i> a flavouring essence made with the essential oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,—Malay - <i>araqtáfía</i>, from Ar. <i>‛araq</i>, Malay <i>táfía</i>, + <i>araqtáfÃa</i>, from Ar. <i>‛araq</i>, Malay <i>táfÃa</i>, rum.]</p> <p><b>Ratan</b>, ra-tan′, <i>n.</i> Same as <b>Rattan</b>.</p> @@ -38183,23 +38145,23 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rat-goose</b>, rat′-gōōs, <i>n.</i> the brent or brant goose.</p> - <p><b>Rath</b>, räth, <i>adj.</i> early, soon—also + <p><b>Rath</b>, räth, <i>adj.</i> early, soon—also <b>Rathe</b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b>Rath</b> (<i>arch.</i>), early, soon.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rath′erest</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), <i>superl.</i> of <b>Rath</b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rath′ly</span></b>, suddenly.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rath′ripe</span></b>, early ripe. [A.S. <i>hræth</i>, + class="nw">Rath′ripe</span></b>, early ripe. [A.S. <i>hræth</i>, quickly; Ice. <i>hradhr</i>, swift, Mid. High Ger. <i>hrad</i>, quick.]</p> <p><b>Rath</b>, rath, <i>n.</i> a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.]</p> - <p><b>Rath</b>, rät, <i>n.</i> a name given to some Indian rock-cut + <p><b>Rath</b>, rät, <i>n.</i> a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples.</p> - <p><b>Rath</b>, rät, <i>n.</i> a Burmese state-carriage.</p> + <p><b>Rath</b>, rät, <i>n.</i> a Burmese state-carriage.</p> - <p><b>Rather</b>, räth′ėr, <i>adv.</i> more willingly: in + <p><b>Rather</b>, räth′ėr, <i>adv.</i> more willingly: in preference: especially: more so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more properly: (<i>coll.</i>) considerably, very much.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -38276,7 +38238,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Jewish high-priest: a pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. <i>rationale</i>, a mistaken rendering in the Vulgate of the Gr. <i>logion</i>, oracle.]</p> - <p><b>Ratitæ</b>, rā-tī′tē, <i>n.</i> a division + <p><b>Ratitæ</b>, rā-tī′tē, <i>n.</i> a division of birds, including the ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rā′tite</span></b>, <b><span @@ -38287,7 +38249,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:12%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Ratlines.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Ratlines.png" - alt="Ratlines." title="Ratlines." /></a> + alt="Ratlines." title="Ratlines."></a> </div> <p><b>Ratline</b>, <b>Ratlin</b>, rat′lin, <i>n.</i> one of the small lines or ropes traversing the shrouds and forming the steps of the @@ -38304,7 +38266,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rattan</b>, rat-an′, <i>n.</i> a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay - <i>rótan</i>.]</p> + <i>rótan</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rattan</b>, ra-tan′, <i>n.</i> the continuous beat of a drum.</p> @@ -38348,7 +38310,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ratt′lewort</span></b>, a plant of genus <i>Crotalaria</i>; <b><span class="nw">Ratt′ling</span></b>, a clattering: railing.—<i>adj.</i> making a rattle: smart, lively: - (<i>coll.</i>) strikingly great. [A.S. <i>hrætele</i>, <i>hratele</i>, a + (<i>coll.</i>) strikingly great. [A.S. <i>hrætele</i>, <i>hratele</i>, a plant—from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. <i>rasseln</i>, Dut. <i>ratelen</i>, to rattle.]</p> @@ -38378,7 +38340,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Rā′ving</span></b>, furious talk.—<i>adj.</i> delirious: distracted.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rā′vingly</span></b>, in a raving manner: with - frenzy: with distraction. [O. Fr. <i>râver</i> (Fr. <i>rêver</i>), to be + frenzy: with distraction. [O. Fr. <i>râver</i> (Fr. <i>rêver</i>), to be delirious—L. <i>rabies</i>, madness.]</p> <p><b>Rave</b>, rāv, <i>n.</i> one of the side pieces of a @@ -38414,7 +38376,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (<i>Shak.</i>).—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rā′ven's-duck</span></b>, fine hempen sail-cloth; <b><span class="nw">Rā′venstone</span></b>, a gallows. [A.S. - <i>hræfn</i>; Ice. <i>hrafn</i>, Dut. <i>raaf</i>.]</p> + <i>hræfn</i>; Ice. <i>hrafn</i>, Dut. <i>raaf</i>.]</p> <p><b>Raven</b>, <b>Ravin</b> (<i>B.</i>), <span class="nw">rav′n,</span> <i>v.t.</i> to obtain by violence: to @@ -38464,8 +38426,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Raw′ly</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Raw′ness</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Raw′-port</span></b>, a porthole through which an oar - can be worked in a small vessel. [A.S. <i>hreáw</i>; Dut. <i>raauw</i>, - Ice. <i>hrár</i>, Ger. <i>roh</i>.]</p> + can be worked in a small vessel. [A.S. <i>hreáw</i>; Dut. <i>raauw</i>, + Ice. <i>hrár</i>, Ger. <i>roh</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rax</b>, raks, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) to reach out, hand. [<i>Rack.</i>]</p> @@ -38493,7 +38455,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ray</b>, rā, <i>n.</i> (<i>mus.</i>) the second note of the diatonic scale.</p> - <p><b>Rayah</b>, rä′ya, <i>n.</i> a non-Mohammedan subject of + <p><b>Rayah</b>, rä′ya, <i>n.</i> a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the capitation tax. [Ar. <i>raiya</i>—<i>ra‛a</i>, to pasture.]</p> @@ -38520,7 +38482,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to prevent the passage of cattle.</p> <p><b>Razee</b>, ra-zē′, <i>n.</i> a ship-of-war cut down by - reducing the number of decks. [Fr. <i>rasé</i>, cut down.]</p> + reducing the number of decks. [Fr. <i>rasé</i>, cut down.]</p> <p><b>Razor</b>, rā′zor, <i>n.</i> a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the <i>razors</i> of a boar.—<i>adj</i> @@ -38686,7 +38648,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> upwards.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Read′y-wit′ted</span></b>, having ready wit: clever: sharp.—<b>Make ready</b>, to prepare. [A.S. - <i>rǽde</i>—<i>rídan</i>, to ride; Scot. <i>red</i>, to put + <i>rǽde</i>—<i>rÃdan</i>, to ride; Scot. <i>red</i>, to put in order, Ger. <i>be-reit</i>, ready.]</p> <p><b>Reaffirm</b>, re-af-fėrm′, <i>v.t.</i> to affirm @@ -38756,7 +38718,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>realis</i>—L. <i>res</i>, a thing.]</p> <p><b>Real</b>, rē-al′, <i>n.</i> a Spanish coin, 100 of - which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,—L. <i>regalis</i>, royal.]</p> + which=£1 sterling. [Sp.,—L. <i>regalis</i>, royal.]</p> <p><b>Realgar</b>, rē-al′gar, <i>n.</i> a native sulphuret of arsenic, a mineral consisting of about 70 parts of arsenic and 30 of @@ -38821,7 +38783,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cutting grain, drawn by horses, &c.; <b><span class="nw">Reap′-sil′ver</span></b>, money paid by feudal tenants as a commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. - <i>rípan</i>, to pluck; Goth. <i>raupjan</i>, Ger. <i>raufen</i>.]</p> + <i>rÃpan</i>, to pluck; Goth. <i>raupjan</i>, Ger. <i>raufen</i>.]</p> <p><b>Reapparel</b>, rē-ap-par′el, <i>v.t.</i> to clothe again.</p> @@ -38855,7 +38817,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> troops when faced about; <b><span class="nw">Rear′-guard</span></b>, troops which protect the rear of an army; <b><span class="nw">Rear′horse</span></b>, an insect of - the family <i>Mantidæ</i>; <b><span + the family <i>Mantidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rear′ing-bit</span></b>, a bit to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing; <b><span class="nw">Rear′ing-box</span></b>, in fish-culture, a @@ -38873,8 +38835,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (<i>Spens.</i>) to carry off by force: to stir up.—<i>v.i.</i> to rise on the hind-legs, as a horse.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rear′er</span></b>, one who rears or raises: in - coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more than 30°. [A.S. - <i>rǽran</i>, to raise, the causal of <i>rísan</i>, to rise.]</p> + coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more than 30°. [A.S. + <i>rǽran</i>, to raise, the causal of <i>rÃsan</i>, to rise.]</p> <p><b>Rear</b>, rēr, <i>adj.</i> early: underdone.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span @@ -38954,7 +38916,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reast</b>, rēst, <i>v.t.</i> to dry or smoke (as meat). [<i>Roast.</i>]</p> - <p><b>Reata</b>, <b>Riata</b>, rē-ä′ta, <i>n.</i> a rope of + <p><b>Reata</b>, <b>Riata</b>, rē-ä′ta, <i>n.</i> a rope of raw hide, used in America for catching animals. [Sp.,—L. <i>re-</i>, back, <i>aptare</i>, to fit on.]</p> @@ -38968,12 +38930,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reattempt</b>, rē-at-temt′, <i>v.t.</i> to attempt again.</p> - <p><b>Réaumur's scale</b>. See <b>Thermometer</b>.</p> + <p><b>Réaumur's scale</b>. See <b>Thermometer</b>.</p> <p><b>Reave</b>, rēv, <i>v.t.</i> to take away by violence:—<i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> reft.—<i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Reav′er</span></b>. [A.S. <i>reáfian</i>, to - rob—<i>reáf</i>, clothing, spoil; Ger. <i>rauben</i>, to rob.]</p> + <b><span class="nw">Reav′er</span></b>. [A.S. <i>reáfian</i>, to + rob—<i>reáf</i>, clothing, spoil; Ger. <i>rauben</i>, to rob.]</p> <p><b>Reawake</b>, rē-a-wāk′, <i>v.i.</i> to awake again.</p> @@ -39130,7 +39092,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Recalesce</b>, rē-kal-es′, <i>v.t.</i> to show anew a state of glowing heat.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Recales′cence</span></b> (<i>phys.</i>), a peculiar - behaviour of iron when cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it + behaviour of iron when cooling from a white-heat. At 1000°, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for a short time. [L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>calescĕre</i>, to grow hot.]</p> @@ -39172,12 +39134,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> retaking: a prize recaptured.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Recap′tor</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Recarburise</b>, rē-kär′bū-rīz, <i>v.t.</i> + <p><b>Recarburise</b>, rē-kär′bū-rīz, <i>v.t.</i> to restore the carbon to metal from which it has been removed.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Recarbonisā′tion</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Recarnify</b>, rē-kär′ni-fī, <i>v.t.</i> to + <p><b>Recarnify</b>, rē-kär′ni-fī, <i>v.t.</i> to convert again into flesh. [L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>carnify</i>, to change into flesh.]</p> @@ -39233,7 +39195,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> receives the public revenue; <b><span class="nw">Receiv′ership</span></b>, the office of a receiver; <b><span class="nw">Receiv′ing</span></b>, the act of receiving; - <b><span class="nw">Receiv′ing-house</span></b>, a depôt: a house + <b><span class="nw">Receiv′ing-house</span></b>, a depôt: a house where letters and parcels are left for transmission; <b><span class="nw">Receiv′ing-in′strument</span></b>, an appliance by which operators at two telegraph stations can communicate; <b><span @@ -39312,14 +39274,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Rechabite order of total abstainers.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rech′abitism</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Réchauffé</b>, rā-shō-fā′, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Réchauffé</b>, rā-shō-fā′, <i>n.</i> a warmed-up dish: a fresh concoction of old literary material. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Recheat</b>, rē-chēt′, <i>n.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) a recall on the horn when the hounds have lost the scent, or at the end of the chase. [O. Fr. <i>recet</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Recherché</b>, rē-sher′shā, <i>adj.</i> extremely + <p><b>Recherché</b>, rē-sher′shā, <i>adj.</i> extremely nice: peculiar and refined: rare. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Rechlesse</b>, rek′les, <i>adj.</i> Same as @@ -39414,7 +39376,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Recitati′vo</span></b> (<i>mus.</i>), recitative; <b><span class="nw">Recit′er</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Recit′ing-note</span></b>, a note in chanting on which - several syllables are sung. [Fr. <i>réciter</i>—L. + several syllables are sung. [Fr. <i>réciter</i>—L. <i>recitāre</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>citāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to call.]</p> @@ -39427,7 +39389,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Reck′lessness</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Reck′ling</span></b>, a reckless person: the weakest in a litter: a helpless babe.—<i>adj.</i> stunted.—<b>It - recks</b> (<i>Milt.</i>), it concerns. [A.S. <i>récan</i>, from a root + recks</b> (<i>Milt.</i>), it concerns. [A.S. <i>récan</i>, from a root seen in Old High Ger. <i>ruoh</i>, care, Ger. <i>ruchlos</i>, regardless.]</p> @@ -39610,7 +39572,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to remunerate.—<i>n.</i> that which is returned as an equivalent: repayment: reward: compensation: remuneration.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rec′ompenser</span></b>. [Fr. - <i>récompenser</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>compensāre</i>, + <i>récompenser</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>compensāre</i>, to compensate.]</p> <p><b>Recompile</b>, rē-kom-pīl′, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -39642,7 +39604,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> being reconciled: renewal of friendship: propitiation: atonement: the bringing to agreement things at variance.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reconcil′iatory</span></b>, serving or tending to - reconcile. [Fr. <i>réconcilier</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, + reconcile. [Fr. <i>réconcilier</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>conciliāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>, to call together.]</p> @@ -39678,7 +39640,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> operations.—<i>v.i.</i> to make preliminary examination:—<i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> <span class="nw">reconnoi′tred.</span>—<i>n.</i> a preliminary - survey. [O. Fr. <i>reconoistre</i> (Fr. <i>reconnaître</i>)—L. + survey. [O. Fr. <i>reconoistre</i> (Fr. <i>reconnaître</i>)—L. <i>recognoscĕre</i>, to recognise.]</p> <p><b>Reconquer</b>, rē-kong′kėr, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -39778,7 +39740,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> tell.]</p> <p><b>Recoup</b>, rē-kōōp′, <i>v.t.</i> to make - good: to indemnify.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Recoupé</b> (<i>her.</i>), + good: to indemnify.—<i>adj.</i> <b>Recoupé</b> (<i>her.</i>), divided a second time.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Recoup′ment</span></b>, reimbursement: (<i>law</i>) reduction of the plaintiff's damages by keeping out a part. [Fr. @@ -39905,7 +39867,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Recruit′ing-ser′geant</span></b>, a sergeant who enlists recruits; <b><span class="nw">Recruit′ment</span></b>, the act, business, or employment of raising new supplies of men for an army. - [O. Fr. <i>recruter</i>—<i>re-</i>, <i>croître</i>—L. + [O. Fr. <i>recruter</i>—<i>re-</i>, <i>croître</i>—L. <i>recrescĕre</i>—<i>re-</i>, again, <i>crescĕre</i>, to grow.]</p> @@ -40252,7 +40214,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Red′-polled</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Red′-ribbed</span></b> (<i>Tenn.</i>), having red ribs.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Red′-root</span></b>, a - genus of plants of the natural order <i>Rhamnaceæ</i>—<i>New Jersey + genus of plants of the natural order <i>Rhamnaceæ</i>—<i>New Jersey Tea</i>; <b>Reds</b>, or <b>Red Republicans</b> (see <b>Republic</b>); <b><span class="nw">Red′-saun′ders</span></b>, the sliced or rasped heart-wood of <i>Pterocarpus santalinus</i>, used for giving @@ -40298,7 +40260,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> large patches in arctic and alpine regions.—<b>Indian red</b>, a permanent red pigment, orig. a natural earth rich in oxide of iron, now prepared artificially.—<b>Royal Red Cross</b>, a decoration for - nurses, instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. <i>reád</i>; Ger. + nurses, instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. <i>reád</i>; Ger. <i>roth</i>, L. <i>ruber</i>, Gr. <i>e-rythros</i>, Gael. <i>ruath</i>.]</p> @@ -40330,7 +40292,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> causeway—quite open at the gorge. [O. Fr. <i>redan</i>, <i>redent</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, back, <i>dens</i>, a tooth.]</p> - <p><b>Redargue</b>, rē-där′gū, <i>v.t.</i> to + <p><b>Redargue</b>, rē-där′gū, <i>v.t.</i> to disprove.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Redargū′tion</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>redarguer</i>—L. <i>redarguĕre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, @@ -40449,7 +40411,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Redia</b>, rē′di-a, <i>n.</i> a stage in some trematode worms immediately before <i>cercaria</i>:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rē′diæ</span></b>. [From <i>Redi</i>, an Italian + class="nw">Rē′diæ</span></b>. [From <i>Redi</i>, an Italian naturalist.]</p> <p><b>Redifferentiate</b>, rē-dif-e-ren′shi-āt, @@ -40540,7 +40502,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> from the parapet: a central or retired work within any other works, intended to afford the garrison a last retreat—also <b><span class="nw">Reduit′</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) bent - in many angles. [Fr. <i>redoute</i>, <i>réduit</i>, a redoubt—It. + in many angles. [Fr. <i>redoute</i>, <i>réduit</i>, a redoubt—It. <i>ridotto</i>—L. <i>reducĕre</i>, <i>reductum</i>—to bring back.]</p> @@ -40556,14 +40518,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> reaction, to rebound: to result, turn out: (<i>Spens.</i>, <i>Milt.</i>) to overflow, to be in excess.—<i>n.</i> the coming back, as an effect or consequence, return.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Redound′ing</span></b>. [Fr. <i>rédonder</i>—L. + class="nw">Redound′ing</span></b>. [Fr. <i>rédonder</i>—L. <i>redundāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>undāre</i>, to surge—<i>unda</i>, a wave.]</p> <p><b>Redowa</b>, red′ō-a, <i>n.</i> a Bohemian round dance, one form resembling the waltz, the other the polka: the music for such a dance, usually in quick triple time. [Fr.,—Bohem. - <i>rejdowák</i>.]</p> + <i>rejdowák</i>.]</p> <p><b>Redraft</b>, rē-draft′, <i>n.</i> a second draft or copy: a new bill of exchange which the holder of a protested bill draws @@ -40651,7 +40613,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> doubling of a part or organ.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Redū′plicātive</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Reduviidæ</b>, red-ū-vī′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> + <p><b>Reduviidæ</b>, red-ū-vī′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> a family of predacious bugs.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Redū′vioid</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Redū′vius</span></b>, a genus embracing about @@ -40659,7 +40621,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Redux</b>, rē′duks, <i>adj.</i> led back, as from captivity, &c., as in Dryden's poem on the Restoration entitled - <i>Astræa Redux</i>: (<i>med.</i>) noting the reappearance of certain + <i>Astræa Redux</i>: (<i>med.</i>) noting the reappearance of certain physical signs after interruption in consequence of disease.</p> <p><b>Ree</b>, rē, (<i>prov.</i>) <i>v.t.</i> to riddle.</p> @@ -40682,7 +40644,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:19%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Reed.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Reed.png" - alt="Reed." title="Reed." /></a> + alt="Reed." title="Reed."></a> </div> <p><b>Reed</b>, rēd, <i>n.</i> the common English name of certain tall grasses, growing in moist or marshy places, and having a very hard @@ -40736,7 +40698,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> American wren.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reed′y</span></b>, abounding with reeds: resembling or sounding as a reed—<i>n.</i> masses of rods of iron imperfectly - welded together. [A.S. <i>hreód</i>; Dut. <i>riet</i>, Ger. + welded together. [A.S. <i>hreód</i>; Dut. <i>riet</i>, Ger. <i>ried</i>.]</p> <p><b>Re-edify</b>, rē-ed′i-fī, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -40751,7 +40713,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:11%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Reefknot.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Reefknot.png" - alt="Reefknot." title="Reefknot." /></a> + alt="Reefknot." title="Reefknot."></a> </div> <p><b>Reef</b>, rēf, <i>n.</i> a portion of a sail rolled or folded up.—<i>v.t.</i> to reduce the exposed surface of, as a sail: to @@ -40778,12 +40740,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>rif</i>, Dan. <i>reb</i>.]</p> <p><b>Reef</b>, rēf, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) - scabby.—<i>n.</i> the itch. [A.S. <i>hreóf</i>, scabby.]</p> + scabby.—<i>n.</i> the itch. [A.S. <i>hreóf</i>, scabby.]</p> <p><b>Reek</b>, rēk, <i>n.</i> smoke: vapour.—<i>v.i.</i> to emit smoke or vapour: to steam.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reek′y</span></b>, full of reek: smoky: soiled with - steam or smoke: foul. [A.S. <i>réc</i>; Ice. <i>reykr</i>, Ger. + steam or smoke: foul. [A.S. <i>réc</i>; Ice. <i>reykr</i>, Ger. <i>rauch</i>, Dut. <i>rook</i>, smoke.]</p> <p><b>Reel</b>, rēl, <i>n.</i> a lively Scottish dance for two @@ -40814,7 +40776,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> plate of a fishing-reel that fits into the reel-seat; <b><span class="nw">Reel′-seat</span></b>, the groove on an angler's rod which receives the reel.—<b>Reel off</b>, to give out with rapidity - or fluency. [A.S. <i>reól</i>, <i>hreól</i>.]</p> + or fluency. [A.S. <i>reól</i>, <i>hreól</i>.]</p> <p><b>Reel</b>, rēl, <i>v.i.</i> to stagger: to vacillate.—<i>n.</i> giddiness.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -40835,7 +40797,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reem</b>, rēm, <i>n.</i> an animal mentioned in Job, xxxix. 9—unicorn, wild ox, or ox-antelope.</p> - <p><b>Re-embark</b>, rē-em-bärk′, <i>v.t.</i> to embark or + <p><b>Re-embark</b>, rē-em-bärk′, <i>v.t.</i> to embark or put on board again.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Re-embarkā′tion</span></b>.</p> @@ -40927,7 +40889,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> several classes of old English magistrates over various territorial areas, as <i>borough-reeves</i>, over boroughs; <i>port-reeves</i>, in trading towns, in ports; <i>high-reeves</i>, &c. [M. E. - <i>reve</i>—A.S. <i>geréfa</i>—<i>róf</i>, excellent. Cf. + <i>reve</i>—A.S. <i>geréfa</i>—<i>róf</i>, excellent. Cf. Ger. <i>graf</i>.]</p> <p><b>Reeve</b>, rēv, <i>v.t.</i> to pass the end of a rope through @@ -41004,7 +40966,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ref′erence-Bī′ble</span></b>, a Bible having references to parallel passages; <b><span class="nw">Ref′erence-book</span></b>, a book to be referred to or - consulted, as an encyclopædia; <b><span + consulted, as an encyclopædia; <b><span class="nw">Ref′erence-Lī′brary</span></b>, a library containing books to be consulted only in the premises.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ref′erence-marks</span></b> (<i>print.</i>), @@ -41027,7 +40989,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> reference.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Refer′ment</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Refer′rer</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>referer</i> - (<i>référer</i>)—L. <i>referre</i>, to carry back—<i>re-</i>, + (<i>référer</i>)—L. <i>referre</i>, to carry back—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>ferre</i>, to carry.]</p> <p><b>Referrible</b>. Same as <b>Referable</b>.</p> @@ -41278,7 +41240,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> forbear.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Refrain′er</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Refrain′ment</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>refraindre</i> (Fr. - <i>refréner</i>)—Low L. <i>refrenāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, + <i>refréner</i>)—Low L. <i>refrenāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>frenum</i>, a bridle.]</p> <p><b>Reframe</b>, rē-frām′, <i>v.t.</i> to frame @@ -41419,7 +41381,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rēfū′tātory</span></b>, tending to refute: refuting.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rēfū′ter</span></b>, one who, or that which, - refutes. [Fr. <i>réfuter</i>—L. + refutes. [Fr. <i>réfuter</i>—L. <i>refutāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, root of <i>fundĕre</i>, <i>futilis</i>.]</p> @@ -41442,7 +41404,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> feast.—<i>n.</i> a regal or magnificent feast.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Regale′ment</span></b>, the act of regaling: entertainment: refreshment; <b><span - class="nw">Regā′ler</span></b>. [Fr. <i>régaler</i>, derived + class="nw">Regā′ler</span></b>. [Fr. <i>régaler</i>, derived by Diez, like Sp. <i>regalar</i>, from L. <i>regelāre</i>, to thaw. Scheler prefers to connect with O. Fr. <i>galer</i>, to rejoice (cf. <i>Gala</i>), and Skeat follows him.]</p> @@ -41465,7 +41427,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Regalia</b>, rē-gā′lya, <i>n.</i> a superior Cuban cigar.</p> - <p><b>Regard</b>, rē-gärd′, <i>v.t.</i> to observe + <p><b>Regard</b>, rē-gärd′, <i>v.t.</i> to observe particularly: to hold in respect or affection: to pay attention to: to care for: to keep or observe: to esteem: to consider as important or valuable: to have respect or relation to.—<i>n.</i> (<i>orig.</i>) @@ -41571,7 +41533,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> king—applied esp. to the members of the High Court of Justice who sentenced Charles I. to death.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Regicī′dal</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>rex</i>, - <i>regis</i>, a king, <i>cædĕre</i>, to kill.]</p> + <i>regis</i>, a king, <i>cædĕre</i>, to kill.]</p> <p><b>Regifugium</b>, rē-ji-fū′ji-um, <i>n.</i> an ancient Roman festival commemorating the expulsion of the Tarquins.</p> @@ -41579,9 +41541,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Regild</b>, rē-gild′, <i>v.t.</i> to gild again or anew.</p> - <p><b>Régime</b>, rā-zhēm′, <i>n.</i> mode of ruling + <p><b>Régime</b>, rā-zhēm′, <i>n.</i> mode of ruling one's diet: form of government: administration.—<b>Ancien - régime</b>, the political system that prevailed in France before the + régime</b>, the political system that prevailed in France before the Revolution of 1789. [Fr.,—L. <i>regimen</i>—<i>regĕre</i>, to rule.]</p> @@ -41684,7 +41646,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to separate panels, &c.: a fillet: (<i>print.</i>) a ledge of wood thicker than a lead, and used for a like purpose.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reg′let-plane</span></b>, a plane for making - printers' reglets. [Fr., dim. of <i>règle</i>—L. <i>regula</i>, a + printers' reglets. [Fr., dim. of <i>règle</i>—L. <i>regula</i>, a rule.]</p> <p><b>Reglow</b>, rē-glō′, <i>v.i.</i> to @@ -41695,7 +41657,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Reg′mata</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhēgma</i>, a fracture.]</p> - <p><b>Regmacarp</b>, reg′ma-kärp, <i>n.</i> any dehiscent + <p><b>Regmacarp</b>, reg′ma-kärp, <i>n.</i> any dehiscent fruit.</p> <p><b>Regnal</b>, reg′nal, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the reign of a @@ -41778,7 +41740,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Regula</b>, reg′ū-la, <i>n.</i> a book of rules for a religious house: (<i>archit.</i>) one of the bands under a Doric triglyph or between the canals of the triglyphs:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Reg′ulæ</span></b> (-lē). [L. <i>regula</i>, a + class="nw">Reg′ulæ</span></b> (-lē). [L. <i>regula</i>, a rule.]</p> <p><b>Regular</b>, reg′ū-lar, <i>adj.</i> according to rule, @@ -41852,7 +41814,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rehabilitate</b>, rē-ha-bil′i-tāt, <i>v.t.</i> to reinstate, restore to former privileges.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rehabilitā′tion</span></b>, the act of restoring - to forfeited rights or privileges. [Fr. <i>réhabiliter</i>—L. + to forfeited rights or privileges. [Fr. <i>réhabiliter</i>—L. <i>re-</i>, again, <i>habilitāre</i>—<i>habēre</i>, to have.]</p> @@ -41895,11 +41857,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>v.t.</i> to lend as security bonds already pledged.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rehypothecā′tion</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Reichsrath</b>, rīhs′rät, <i>n.</i> the chief + <p><b>Reichsrath</b>, rīhs′rät, <i>n.</i> the chief deliberative body in the western part of the Austrian Empire, excluding Hungary, which has its own parliament.</p> - <p><b>Reichstag</b>, rīhs′täh, <i>n.</i> the chief + <p><b>Reichstag</b>, rīhs′täh, <i>n.</i> the chief deliberative body in the German Empire, exercising legislative power in conjunction with the <i>Bundesrath</i>: the diet of the old German Empire.</p> @@ -41911,7 +41873,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reign</b>, rān, <i>n.</i> rule: dominion, as Reign of Terror: royal authority: supreme power: influence: time during which a sovereign rules.—<i>v.i.</i> to rule: to have sovereign power: to be - predominant. [Fr. <i>règne</i>—L. + predominant. [Fr. <i>règne</i>—L. <i>regnum</i>—<i>regĕre</i>, to rule.]</p> <p><b>Reilluminate</b>, rē-il-lū′min-āt, @@ -41965,13 +41927,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Reins′man</span></b>, a skilful driver.—<b>Rein up</b>, to bring a horse to a stop.—<b>Give the reins to</b>, to leave unchecked; <b>Take the reins</b>, to take the control. [O. Fr. - <i>reine</i> (Fr. <i>rêne</i>), through Late L. <i>retina</i>, from + <i>reine</i> (Fr. <i>rêne</i>), through Late L. <i>retina</i>, from <i>retinēre</i>, to hold back.]</p> <p><b>Reinaugurate</b>, rē-in-aw′gū-rāt, <i>v.t.</i> to inaugurate again or anew.</p> - <p><b>Reincarnate</b>, rē-in-kär′nāt, <i>v.t.</i> to + <p><b>Reincarnate</b>, rē-in-kär′nāt, <i>v.t.</i> to embody anew.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reincarnā′tion</span></b>.</p> @@ -42147,7 +42109,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rejoic′ing</span></b>, act of being joyful: expression, subject, or experience of joy.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rejoic′ingly</span></b>, with joy or exultation. [O. Fr. - <i>resjoir</i> (Fr. <i>réjouir</i>)—<i>re-</i>, again, + <i>resjoir</i> (Fr. <i>réjouir</i>)—<i>re-</i>, again, <i>jouir</i>, to enjoy—<i>joie</i>, joy.]</p> <p><b>Rejoin</b>, rē-join′, <i>v.t.</i> to join again: to @@ -42166,7 +42128,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rejourn</b>, rē-jurn′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) to adjourn or postpone, to defer.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rejourn′ment</span></b>. [Fr. <i>réajourner</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Rejourn′ment</span></b>. [Fr. <i>réajourner</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rejudge</b>, rē-juj′, <i>v.t.</i> to re-examine.</p> @@ -42336,7 +42298,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> monument.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rel′ic-mong′er</span></b>, one who traffics in relics. [Fr. <i>relique</i>—L. - <i>reliquiæ</i>—<i>relinquĕre</i>, <i>relictum</i>, to leave + <i>reliquiæ</i>—<i>relinquĕre</i>, <i>relictum</i>, to leave behind.]</p> <p><b>Relict</b>, rel′ikt, <i>n.</i> a woman surviving her husband, @@ -42449,9 +42411,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr. <i>reliquaire</i>; cf. <i>Relic</i>.]</p> <p><b>Relique</b>, re-lēk′, <i>n.</i> a - relic.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Reliquiæ</b> <span + relic.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Reliquiæ</b> <span class="nw">(rē-lik′wi-ē),</span> remains, esp. of - fossil organisms: (<i>archæology</i>) artifacts, or things made or + fossil organisms: (<i>archæology</i>) artifacts, or things made or modified by human art.</p> <p><b>Reliquidate</b>, rē-lik′wi-dāt, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -42549,7 +42511,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>remander</i>—L. <i>remandāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>mandāre</i>, to order.]</p> - <p><b>Remark</b>, rē-märk′, <i>v.t.</i> to mark or take + <p><b>Remark</b>, rē-märk′, <i>v.t.</i> to mark or take notice of: to express what one thinks or sees: to say.—<i>n.</i> words regarding anything: notice: any distinguishing mark on an engraving or etching indicating a certain state of the plate before completion, @@ -42565,7 +42527,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Remark′er</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>remarquer</i>—<i>re-</i>, inten., <i>marquer</i>, to mark.]</p> - <p><b>Re-mark</b>, rē-märk′, <i>v.t.</i> to mark a second + <p><b>Re-mark</b>, rē-märk′, <i>v.t.</i> to mark a second time.</p> <p><b>Remarry</b>, rē-mar′i, <i>v.t.</i> to marry @@ -42673,7 +42635,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to mind.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reminiscen′tial</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Reminis′citory</span></b>, tending to remind. - [Fr.,—Low L. <i>reminiscentiæ</i>, recollections—L. + [Fr.,—Low L. <i>reminiscentiæ</i>, recollections—L. <i>reminisci</i>, to recall to mind.]</p> <p><b>Remiped</b>, rem′i-ped, <i>adj.</i> @@ -42845,7 +42807,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rempli</b>, rong-plē′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) having another tincture than its own covering the greater part. [Fr.]</p> - <p><b>Remplissage</b>, rong-plē-säzh′, <i>n.</i> padding. + <p><b>Remplissage</b>, rong-plē-säzh′, <i>n.</i> padding. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Remunerate</b>, rē-mū′nė-rāt, @@ -42904,7 +42866,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> again.</p> <p><b>Rencounter</b>, ren-kownt′ėr, <b>Rencontre</b>, <span - class="nw">räng-kong′tr,</span> <i>n.</i> a meeting in contest: a + class="nw">räng-kong′tr,</span> <i>n.</i> a meeting in contest: a casual combat: a collision.—<i>v.t.</i> to encounter. [Fr. <i>rencontre</i>.]</p> @@ -42930,7 +42892,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> give.]</p> <p><b>Rendezvous</b>, ren′de-vōō, or <span - class="nw">räng′-,</span> <i>n.</i> an appointed place of meeting, + class="nw">räng′-,</span> <i>n.</i> an appointed place of meeting, esp. for troops or ships: a place for enlistment: a refuge:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ren′dezvous</span></b>.—<i>v.i.</i> to assemble at @@ -43024,7 +42986,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to make new—<i>novus</i>, new.]</p> <p><b>Renown</b>, rē-nown′, <i>n.</i> a great name: - celebrity: éclat.—<i>v.t.</i> to make famous.—<i>adj.</i> + celebrity: éclat.—<i>v.t.</i> to make famous.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Renowned′</span></b>, celebrated: illustrious: famous.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Renown′edly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -43154,7 +43116,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Repair</b>, rē-pār′, <i>v.i.</i> to betake one's self to: to go: to resort.—<i>n.</i> a retreat or abode. [O. Fr. <i>repairer</i>, to return to a haunt—Low L. - <i>répatriāre</i>, to return to one's country—L. <i>re-</i>, + <i>répatriāre</i>, to return to one's country—L. <i>re-</i>, back, <i>patria</i>, native country.]</p> <p><b>Repair</b>, rē-pār′, <i>v.t.</i> to restore after @@ -43190,7 +43152,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> back, <i>partir</i>, to set out—L. <i>partīri</i>, to divide.]</p> - <p><b>Repartimiento</b>, re-pär-ti-mi-en′tō, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Repartimiento</b>, re-pär-ti-mi-en′tō, <i>n.</i> a division: an assessment: allotment. [Sp.]</p> <p><b>Repartition</b>, rē-par-tish′un, <i>n.</i> a second @@ -43265,7 +43227,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> many times in quick succession; <b>Repeat one's self</b>, to say again what one has said already; <b>Repeat signals</b>, to repeat those of the senior officer: to make a signal again. [O. Fr. <i>repeter</i> (Fr. - <i>répéter</i>)—L. <i>repetĕre</i>, + <i>répéter</i>)—L. <i>repetĕre</i>, <i>repetitum</i>—<i>re-</i>, again, <i>petĕre</i>, to seek.]</p> @@ -43438,7 +43400,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> reply.</p> <p><b>Replicate</b>, rep′li-kāt, <i>adj.</i> folded: - (<i>bot.</i>) folded outward as in vernation, inward as in æstivation: + (<i>bot.</i>) folded outward as in vernation, inward as in æstivation: (<i>mus.</i>) a tone one or more octaves from a given tone.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rep′licātile</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -43539,12 +43501,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Repour</b>, rē-pōr′, <i>v.i.</i> to pour again.</p> - <p><b>Repoussage</b>, rē-pōō′säj, <i>n.</i> the + <p><b>Repoussage</b>, rē-pōō′säj, <i>n.</i> the hammering from behind of ornamental patterns upon a metal plate: or of etched plates making hollows which would show as spots in printing.</p> - <p><b>Repoussé</b>, rē-pōō′sā, <i>adj.</i> - raised in relief by means of the hammer.—<b>Repoussé work</b>, + <p><b>Repoussé</b>, rē-pōō′sā, <i>adj.</i> + raised in relief by means of the hammer.—<b>Repoussé work</b>, vessels ornamented by hammering on the reverse side.</p> <p><b>Repped</b>, rept, <i>adj.</i> corded transversely. @@ -43601,9 +43563,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Represent′ment</span></b>.—<b>Representative faculty</b>, the imagination.—<b>House of Representatives</b>, the lower branch of the United States Congress, consisting of members chosen - biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,—L. <i>repræsentāre</i>, + biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,—L. <i>repræsentāre</i>, <i><span class="nw">-ātum</span></i>—<i>re-</i>, again, - <i>præsentāre</i>, to place before.]</p> + <i>præsentāre</i>, to place before.]</p> <p><b>Repress</b>, rē-pres′, <i>v.t.</i> to restrain, quell—also <i>n.</i>—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -43631,7 +43593,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> release.—<i>n.</i> a suspension of a criminal sentence: interval of ease or relief.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Repriev′al</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>reprover</i> (Fr. - <i>réprouver</i>)—L. <i>reprobāre</i>, to reprove.]</p> + <i>réprouver</i>)—L. <i>reprobāre</i>, to reprove.]</p> <p><b>Reprimand</b>, rep′ri-mand, or -mand′, <i>n.</i> a severe reproof.—<i>v.t.</i> to chide: to reprove severely: to @@ -43750,7 +43712,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> refute.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Repro′ver</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Repro′ving</span></b>.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Repro′vingly</span></b>. [O. Fr. - <i>reprover</i> (Fr. <i>réprouver</i>)—L. <i>reprobāre</i>, + <i>reprover</i> (Fr. <i>réprouver</i>)—L. <i>reprobāre</i>, the opposite of <i>approbāre</i> (cf. <i>Approve</i>)—<i>re-</i>, off, <i>probāre</i>, to try.]</p> @@ -43806,7 +43768,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> men.—<b>Republican era</b>, the era adopted by the French after the downfall of the monarchy, beginning with 22d September 1792.—<b>Red republican</b>, a violent republican, from the red cap affected by such. - [Fr. <i>république</i>—L. <i>respublica</i>, commonwealth.]</p> + [Fr. <i>république</i>—L. <i>respublica</i>, commonwealth.]</p> <p><b>Republish</b>, rē-pub′lish, <i>v.t.</i> to publish again or anew.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -43924,9 +43886,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> small debts—called also <i>Court of Conscience</i>: <b>Letters of Request</b>, the formal instrument by which in English ecclesiastical law an inferior judge waives his jurisdiction over a cause, and refers it to - a higher court. [O. Fr. <i>requeste</i> (Fr. <i>requête</i>)—L. + a higher court. [O. Fr. <i>requeste</i> (Fr. <i>requête</i>)—L. <i>requisitum</i>, pa.p. of <i>requirĕre</i>—<i>re-</i>, - away, <i>quærĕre</i>, to seek.]</p> + away, <i>quærĕre</i>, to seek.]</p> <p><b>Requicken</b>, rē-kwik′n, <i>v.t.</i> to give new life to.</p> @@ -43938,7 +43900,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pace</b>, may he (or she) rest in peace, often abbreviated <i>R.I.P.</i> [L., accus. of <i>requies</i>—(<i>re-</i>, inten., <i>quies</i>, rest); so called from the initial words of the introit, <i>Requiem - æternam dona eis, Domine!</i> 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!']</p> + æternam dona eis, Domine!</i> 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!']</p> <p><b>Require</b>, rē-kwīr′, <i>v.t.</i> to ask: to demand: to need: to exact: to direct.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -43986,7 +43948,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> again.</p> <p><b>Rerebrace</b>, rēr′brās, <i>n.</i> the armour of - the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.—Also <i>Arrière-bras</i>.</p> + the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.—Also <i>Arrière-bras</i>.</p> <p><b>Rerebrake</b>, rēr-brāk′, <i>n.</i> an appurtenance of a mounted warrior in the fifteenth century.</p> @@ -44004,7 +43966,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>p.adj.</i> (<i>Tenn.</i>) reiterated or repeated again and again.</p> <p><b>Reremouse</b>, rēr′mows, <i>n.</i> a bat. [A.S. - <i>hréremús</i>—<i>hréran</i>, to move, <i>mús</i>, a mouse.]</p> + <i>hréremús</i>—<i>hréran</i>, to move, <i>mús</i>, a mouse.]</p> <p><b>Reresupper</b>, rēr′sup-ėr, <i>n.</i> a late supper.</p> @@ -44012,7 +43974,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rereward</b>. Same as <b>Rearward</b>.</p> <p><b>Res</b>, rēz, <i>n.</i> a thing, a point.—<b>Res - angusta domi</b>, straitened circumstances; <b>Res gestæ</b>, things + angusta domi</b>, straitened circumstances; <b>Res gestæ</b>, things done; <b>Res judicāta</b>, a matter decided.</p> <p><b>Resail</b>, rē-sāl′, <i>v.i.</i> to sail @@ -44084,7 +44046,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reseat</b>, rē-sēt′, <i>v.t.</i> to furnish with new seats.</p> - <p><b>Réseau</b>, rā-zō′, <i>n.</i> a fine meshed + <p><b>Réseau</b>, rā-zō′, <i>n.</i> a fine meshed ground for lace-work.</p> <p><b>Resection</b>, rē-sek′shun, <i>n.</i> act of cutting @@ -44583,7 +44545,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the execution of a criminal.—<i>v.t.</i> to grant a respite to: to relieve by a pause: to delay.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Res′piteless</span></b>. [O. Fr. <i>respit</i> (Fr. - <i>répit</i>)—L. <i>respectus</i>, respect.]</p> + <i>répit</i>)—L. <i>respectus</i>, respect.]</p> <p><b>Resplendent</b>, rē-splen′dent, <i>adj.</i> very splendid, shining brilliantly: very bright: (<i>her.</i>) issuing @@ -44681,7 +44643,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> plants, bulbs; <b><span class="nw">Rest′ing-while</span></b>, a period of leisure.—<b>At rest</b>, applied to a body, means, having no velocity with respect to that on which the body stands. [A.S. - <i>rest</i>, <i>ræst</i>; Ger. <i>rast</i>, Dut. <i>rust</i>.]</p> + <i>rest</i>, <i>ræst</i>; Ger. <i>rast</i>, Dut. <i>rust</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rest</b>, rest, <i>n.</i> that which remains after the separation of a part: remainder: others: balance of assets above @@ -44732,7 +44694,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Restio</b>, res′ti-ō, <i>n.</i> a genus of glumaceous plants.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Restioi′deæ</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Restioi′deæ</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Restipulate</b>, rē-stip′ū-lāt, <i>v.i.</i> to stipulate anew.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -44774,7 +44736,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Restōrā′tion</span></b>, act of restoring: replacement: recovery: revival: reparation: renewal: restoration of a building to its original design: (<i>theol.</i>) receiving of a sinner to - the divine favour: the final recovery of all men: (<i>palæont.</i>) the + the divine favour: the final recovery of all men: (<i>palæont.</i>) the proper adjustment of the bones of an extinct animal; <b><span class="nw">Restōrā′tionist</span></b>, one who holds the belief that after a purgation all wicked men and angels will be @@ -44873,7 +44835,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> again, or taken up again. [L. <i>resumĕre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>sumĕre</i>, <i>sumptum</i>, to take.]</p> - <p><b>Résumé</b>, rā-zū-mā′, <i>n.</i> a summing + <p><b>Résumé</b>, rā-zū-mā′, <i>n.</i> a summing up: a summary.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Resume′</span></b>. [Fr.,—L. <i>resumĕre</i>, to resume.]</p> @@ -44983,10 +44945,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>talio</i>, <i><span class="nw">-onis</span></i>, like for like—<i>talis</i>, of such a kind.]</p> - <p><b>Retama</b>, re-tä′mä, or re-tā′mä, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Retama</b>, re-tä′mä, or re-tā′mä, <i>n.</i> a group of yellow-flowered shrubs, with rush-like branches.</p> - <p><b>Retard</b>, rē-tärd′, <i>v.t.</i> to keep back: to + <p><b>Retard</b>, rē-tärd′, <i>v.t.</i> to keep back: to delay: to defer.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Retar′dant</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Retardā′tion</span></b>, delay: hinderance: @@ -45005,7 +44967,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Retch</b>, rech, <i>v.i.</i> to try to vomit: to strain: to reach. [A.S. <i>hrǽcan</i>—<i>hrǽc</i>, a cough; Ice. - <i>hrækja</i>.]</p> + <i>hrækja</i>.]</p> <p><b>Retchless</b>, rech′les, <i>adj.</i> (<i>obs.</i>) reckless.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span @@ -45037,7 +44999,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> organ in place.—<b>Magnetic retentiveness</b>, coercive force.</p> <p><b>Retepore</b>, rē′te-pōr, <i>n.</i> a coral of the - genus <i>Reteporidæ</i>.</p> + genus <i>Reteporidæ</i>.</p> <p><b>Retex</b>, rē-teks′, <i>v.t.</i> to annul.</p> @@ -45048,7 +45010,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> constructing a web to catch prey: provided with a net.—<i>n.</i> a gladiator who fights with a net—also <b><span class="nw">Retiā′rius</span></b>.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rē′tiāriæ</span></b>, the spinning spiders. + class="nw">Rē′tiāriæ</span></b>, the spinning spiders. [L. <i>retiarius</i>—<i>rete</i>, a net.]</p> <p><b>Reticence</b>, ret′i-sens, <i>n.</i> concealment by silence: @@ -45069,7 +45031,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Reticulā′rē</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Reticulā′ria</span></b>, a genus of the myxomycetous fungi.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Reticulariā′ceæ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> + class="nw">Reticulariā′ceæ</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Reticulā′rian</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Reticulā′rious</span></b>.—<i><i>adv.</i></i> <b><span class="nw">Retic′ularly</span></b>.—<i>adjs.</i> @@ -45093,7 +45055,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> ways; <b>Reticulated work</b>, masonry constructed with diamond-shaped stones. [L. <i>reticulum</i>—<i>rete</i>, net.]</p> - <p><b>Retiercé</b>, rē-tyār′sā, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Retiercé</b>, rē-tyār′sā, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) divided fesswise into three equal parts.</p> <p><b>Retifera</b>, rē-tif′er-a, <i>n.</i> the true @@ -45151,7 +45113,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Retiracy</b>, rē-tīr′ā-si, <i>n.</i> retirement.</p> - <p><b>Retirade</b>, ret-i-räd′, <i>n.</i> a retrenchment in the + <p><b>Retirade</b>, ret-i-räd′, <i>n.</i> a retrenchment in the body of a bastion which a garrison may defend. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Retire</b>, rē-tīr′, <i>v.i.</i> to draw back: to @@ -45174,7 +45136,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> from active service but receive a certain amount of pay. [O. Fr. <i>retirer</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>tirer</i>, to draw.]</p> - <p><b>Retitelæ</b>, ret-i-tē′lē, <i>n.pl.</i> a group + <p><b>Retitelæ</b>, ret-i-tē′lē, <i>n.pl.</i> a group of spiders which spin irregular webs.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Retitelā′rian</span></b>.</p> @@ -45189,7 +45151,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:18%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Retort.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Retort.png" - alt="Retort." title="Retort." /></a> + alt="Retort." title="Retort."></a> </div> <p><b>Retort</b>, rē-tort′, <i>v.t.</i> to throw back: to return: to retaliate: to separate by means of a retort.—<i>v.i.</i> @@ -45268,7 +45230,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Retral</b>, rē′tral, <i>adj.</i> back, posterior.</p> - <p><b>Retranché</b>, re-trong-shā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) + <p><b>Retranché</b>, re-trong-shā′, <i>adj.</i> (<i>her.</i>) divided bend-wise twice or into three parts.</p> <p><b>Retransfer</b>, rē-trans-fėr′, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -45322,7 +45284,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> abridging: reduction: economy: (<i>fort.</i>) a work within another for prolonging the defence. [O. Fr. <i>retrencher</i> (Fr. <i>retrancher</i>)—<i>re-</i>, off, <i>trencher</i>, to cut, which, - acc. to Littré, is from L. <i>truncāre</i>, to cut off.]</p> + acc. to Littré, is from L. <i>truncāre</i>, to cut off.]</p> <p><b>Retrial</b>, rē-trī′al, <i>n.</i> a repetition of trial.</p> @@ -45372,7 +45334,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>retroagĕre</i>—<i>retro</i>, backward, <i>agĕre</i>, <i>actum</i>, to do.]</p> - <p><b>Retrobulbar</b>, rē-trō-bul′bär, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Retrobulbar</b>, rē-trō-bul′bär, <i>adj.</i> being behind the eyeball.</p> <p><b>Retrocede</b>, rē-trō-sēd′, <i>v.t.</i> to @@ -45482,7 +45444,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> method of producing effective tones in the printing of etchings by skilful treatment of the ink in certain parts.</p> - <p><b>Retroussé</b>, re-trōō-sā′, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Retroussé</b>, re-trōō-sā′, <i>adj.</i> turned up: pug.</p> <p><b>Retrovaccinate</b>, rē-trō-vak′si-nāt, @@ -45540,7 +45502,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Return′-bend</span></b>, a pipe-coupling in the shape of the letter <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Returnbend.png"><img src="images/Chambers_1908_Returnbend.png" class="middle" - style="height:2.5ex;" alt="U shape" /></a>; <b><span + style="height:2.5ex;" alt="U shape"></a>; <b><span class="nw">Return′-car′go</span></b>, a cargo brought back in place of merchandise previously sent out; <b><span class="nw">Return′-check</span></b>, a ticket for readmission; @@ -45579,7 +45541,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Reunion</b>, rē-ūn′yun, <i>n.</i> a union after separation: an assembly or social gathering. [Fr. - <i>réunion</i>—<i>re-</i>, again, <i>union</i>, union.]</p> + <i>réunion</i>—<i>re-</i>, again, <i>union</i>, union.]</p> <p><b>Reunite</b>, rē-ū-nīt′, <i>v.t.</i> to join after separation: to reconcile after variance.—<i>v.i.</i> to @@ -45639,7 +45601,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Reveal′er</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Reveal′ment</span></b>, revelation.—<b>Revealed religion</b>, that which has been supernaturally revealed. [O. Fr. - <i>reveler</i> (Fr. <i>révéler</i>)—L. + <i>reveler</i> (Fr. <i>révéler</i>)—L. <i>revelāre</i>—<i>re-</i>, back, <i>velāre</i>, to veil—<i>velum</i>, a veil.]</p> @@ -45764,7 +45726,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Re′verer</span></b>, one who reveres.—<b>Do reverence</b>, to do honour; <b>Make reverence</b>, to worship; <b>Saving your reverence</b>, with all due respect to you. [O. Fr. <i>reverer</i> - (Fr. <i>révérer</i>)—L. <i>reverēri</i>—<i>re-</i>, + (Fr. <i>révérer</i>)—L. <i>reverēri</i>—<i>re-</i>, inten., <i>verēri</i>, to feel awe.]</p> <p><b>Reverie</b>, <b>Revery</b>, rev′e-ri, <i>n.</i> an irregular @@ -45772,7 +45734,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> external senses to the impressions of surrounding objects during wakefulness: mental abstraction: a waking dream: a brown study.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rev′erist</span></b>. - [O. Fr. <i>resveri</i> (Fr. <i>rêverie</i>)—<i>resver</i>, + [O. Fr. <i>resveri</i> (Fr. <i>rêverie</i>)—<i>resver</i>, <i>rever</i>, to dream.]</p> <p><b>Revers</b>, re-vār′ (gener. <span @@ -45869,7 +45831,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Revet</b>, rē-vet′, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>fort.</i>) to face with masonry, &c., as an embankment with a steep slope.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Revet′ment</span></b>, a - retaining wall, a facing of stone, wood, &c. [Fr. <i>revêtir</i>, to + retaining wall, a facing of stone, wood, &c. [Fr. <i>revêtir</i>, to reclothe.]</p> <p><b>Revibrate</b>, rē-vī′brāt, <i>v.i.</i> to @@ -46043,7 +46005,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> revolving: motion round a centre: course which brings to the same point or state: space measured by a revolving body: a radical change, as of one's way of living: fundamental change in the government of a country: a - revolt: a complete rotation through 360°: a round of periodic changes, as + revolt: a complete rotation through 360°: a round of periodic changes, as the revolutions of the seasons: the winding of a spiral about its axis: change of circumstances: consideration.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Revolū′tionary</span></b>, pertaining to, or @@ -46156,11 +46118,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>Reinaerd</i>, <i>Reinaert</i>—Mid. High Ger. <i>Reinhart</i> (Old High Ger. <i>Reginhart</i>), lit. 'strong in counsel.']</p> - <p><b>Rhabarbarate</b>, ra-bär′ba-rāt, <i>adj.</i> + <p><b>Rhabarbarate</b>, ra-bär′ba-rāt, <i>adj.</i> (<i>obs.</i>) impregnated with rhubarb.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhabar′barum</span></b>, rhubarb.</p> - <p><b>Rhabarbarine</b>, ra-bär′ba-rin, <i>n.</i> chrysophanic + <p><b>Rhabarbarine</b>, ra-bär′ba-rin, <i>n.</i> chrysophanic acid.</p> <p><b>Rhabdamminina</b>, rab-da-mi-nī′na, <i>n.</i> a group @@ -46185,7 +46147,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rhabdoid</b>, rab′doid, <i>n.</i> a spindle-shaped body chemically related to the plastids, found in certain cells of irritable - plants like <i>Drosera</i>, <i>Dionæa</i>, &c.—<i>adj.</i> + plants like <i>Drosera</i>, <i>Dionæa</i>, &c.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhabdoid′al</span></b>, rod-like: (<i>anat.</i>) sagittal. [Gr. <i>rhabdos</i>, a rod.]</p> @@ -46241,7 +46203,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> spherical body found in the depths of the Atlantic. [Gr. <i>rhabdos</i>, a rod, <i>sphaira</i>, sphere.]</p> - <p><b>Rhabdosteidæ</b>, rab-dos-tē′i-dē, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Rhabdosteidæ</b>, rab-dos-tē′i-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of fossil-toothed cetaceans—its typical genus, <b><span class="nw">Rhabdos′tēus</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhabdos</i>, rod, <i>osteon</i>, bone.]</p> @@ -46274,18 +46236,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rhadamanthine</b>, ra-da-man′thin, <i>n.</i> of <i>Rhadamanthus</i>, judge of the lower world, with Minos and - Æacus—applied generally to a solemn and final judgment.—Also + Æacus—applied generally to a solemn and final judgment.—Also <b><span class="nw">Rhadaman′tine</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Rhætian</b>, rē′shi-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the - ancient Rhætians or their country <i>Rhætia</i>, a Roman province between + <p><b>Rhætian</b>, rē′shi-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the + ancient Rhætians or their country <i>Rhætia</i>, a Roman province between the Po and the Danube—also <b><span - class="nw">Rhæ′tic</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Rhæ′to-Roman′ic</span></b>, pertaining to + class="nw">Rhæ′tic</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> and <i>n.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Rhæ′to-Roman′ic</span></b>, pertaining to a group of Romance dialects spoken in south-eastern - Switzerland.—<b>Rhætic beds</b>, a series of strata forming the + Switzerland.—<b>Rhætic beds</b>, a series of strata forming the uppermost portion of the Trias, extensively developed in the - <i>Rhætian</i> Alps.</p> + <i>Rhætian</i> Alps.</p> <p><b>Rhagades</b>, rag′a-dēz, <i>n.pl.</i> fissures of the skin. [Gr. <i>rhagas</i> (pl. <i>rhagades</i>), a crack.]</p> @@ -46300,14 +46262,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rhag′ose</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhax</i>, <i>rhagos</i>, a grape.]</p> - <p><b>Rhamnaceæ</b>, ram-nā′sē-ē, <i>n.</i> an + <p><b>Rhamnaceæ</b>, ram-nā′sē-ē, <i>n.</i> an order of polypetalous plants.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhamnā′ceous</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Rhamnus</b>, ram′nus, <i>n.</i> a genus of polypetalous shrubs and trees, including the buckthorn. [Gr.]</p> - <p><b>Rhamphastidæ</b>, ram-fas′ti-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of + <p><b>Rhamphastidæ</b>, ram-fas′ti-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of picarian birds, toucans. [Gr. <i>rhamphos</i>, a beak.]</p> <p><b>Rhamphocelus</b>, ram-fō-cē′lus, <i>n.</i> a @@ -46468,7 +46430,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [L.,—Gr. <i>rheuma</i>—<i>rhein</i>, to flow.]</p> <p><b>Rhexia</b>, rek′si-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of polypetalous - plants, native to North America, of the tribe <b>Rhexieæ</b> <span + plants, native to North America, of the tribe <b>Rhexieæ</b> <span class="nw">(rek-sī′ē-ē).</span> [L.,—Gr. <i>rhēxis</i>—<i>rhēgnynai</i>, to break.]</p> @@ -46480,10 +46442,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> gamopetalous plants in tropical Africa, India, &c. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, <i>rhinos</i>, nose, <i>akanthos</i>, acanthus.]</p> - <p><b>Rhinæ</b>, rī′nē, <i>n.pl.</i> one of the main + <p><b>Rhinæ</b>, rī′nē, <i>n.pl.</i> one of the main divisions of sharks. [L.,—Gr. <i>rhinē</i>, a file.]</p> - <p><b>Rhinæsthesia</b>, rī-nez-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> + <p><b>Rhinæsthesia</b>, rī-nez-thē′si-a, <i>n.</i> sense of smell. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, <i>rhinos</i>, nose, <i>aisthēsis</i>, perception.]</p> @@ -46523,7 +46485,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> American genus of cyprinoid fishes. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, <i>rhinos</i>, nose, <i>ichthys</i>, fish.]</p> - <p><b>Rhinidæ</b>, rī′ni-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of + <p><b>Rhinidæ</b>, rī′ni-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of plagiostomous fishes. [L. <i>rhina</i>, shark—Gr. <i>rhinē</i>.]</p> @@ -46534,7 +46496,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cash.—Also <b><span class="nw">Rī′no</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Rhinobatus</b>, rī-nob′a-tus, <i>n.</i> the typical - genus of the <i>Rhinobatidæ</i>, or shark-rays: (<i>entom.</i>) a genus + genus of the <i>Rhinobatidæ</i>, or shark-rays: (<i>entom.</i>) a genus of coleopterous insects.</p> <p><b>Rhinoblennorrhea</b>, @@ -46554,7 +46516,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rhinocē′rial</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rhinocē′rical</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhinoc′eros-auk</span></b>, a bird belonging to - the family <i>Alcidæ</i>; <b><span + the family <i>Alcidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rhinoc′eros-bee′tle</span></b>, a beetle of the genus <i>Dynastes</i> having a large up-curved horn on the head; <b><span class="nw">Rhinoc′eros-bird</span></b>, a beefeater, the hornbill; @@ -46655,7 +46617,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> rays. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, <i>rhinos</i>, nose, <i>pteron</i>, wing.]</p> <p><b>Rhinorrhagia</b>, rī-nō-rā′ji-a, <i>n.</i> - hæmorrhage from the nose. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, nose, + hæmorrhage from the nose. [Gr. <i>rhis</i>, nose, <i>rhagia</i>—<i>rhegnynai</i>, break.]</p> <p><b>Rhinorrhea</b>, rī-nō-rē′a, <i>n.</i> @@ -46738,7 +46700,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> throw, <i>glōssa</i>, the tongue.]</p> <p><b>Rhizanth</b>, rī′zanth, <i>n.</i> a plant that seems to - flower from the root.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Rhizantheæ</b> <span + flower from the root.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b>Rhizantheæ</b> <span class="nw">(rī-zan′thē-ē),</span> one of the five classes into which Lindley divides the vegetable kingdom.</p> @@ -46748,10 +46710,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rhizina</b>, ri-zī′na, <i>n.</i> a rhizoid.—Also <b><span class="nw">Rhī′zine</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Rhizocarpic</b>, rī-zō-kär′pik, <i>adj.</i> with + <p><b>Rhizocarpic</b>, rī-zō-kär′pik, <i>adj.</i> with annual stem and perennial root—also <b><span class="nw">Rhizocar′pous</span></b>.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rhizocar′peæ</span></b>, a group of + class="nw">Rhizocar′peæ</span></b>, a group of cryptogams.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhizocar′pēan</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhiza</i>, root, <i>karpos</i>, fruit.]</p> @@ -46904,12 +46866,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> paleozoic encrinites. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>krinon</i>, lily.]</p> <p><b>Rhododendron</b>, rō-dō-den′dron, <i>n.</i> a - genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order <i>Ericaceæ</i>, having + genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order <i>Ericaceæ</i>, having evergreen leaves and large, beautiful flowers like roses. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>dendron</i>, tree.]</p> <p><b>Rhodomela</b>, rō-dom′e-la, <i>n.</i> a genus of marine - algæ. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>melas</i>, black.]</p> + algæ. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>melas</i>, black.]</p> <p><b>Rhodomontade</b>. Same as <b>Rodomontade</b>.</p> @@ -46917,7 +46879,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> native manganese silicate. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, a rose.]</p> <p><b>Rhodope</b>, rō′dō-pē, <i>n.</i> a genus of - the family <i>Rhodopidæ</i>, marine invertebrates of dubious + the family <i>Rhodopidæ</i>, marine invertebrates of dubious relationships. [<i>Rhodopē</i>, a Thracian nymph.]</p> <p><b>Rhodophane</b>, rō′dō-fān, <i>n.</i> a red @@ -46926,7 +46888,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> appearing.]</p> <p><b>Rhodophyl</b>, rō′dō-fil, <i>n.</i> the compound - pigment found in the red algæ.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + pigment found in the red algæ.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhodophyl′lous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>phyllon</i>, leaf.]</p> @@ -46935,7 +46897,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rhodora</b>, rō-dō′ra, <i>n.</i> a handsome shrub with terminal clusters of pale purple flowers preceding the deciduous - leaves: a genus of <i>Ericaceæ</i>, now included in Rhododendron. [Gr. + leaves: a genus of <i>Ericaceæ</i>, now included in Rhododendron. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, a rose.]</p> <p><b>Rhodostaurotic</b>, rō-dō-staw-rot′ik, @@ -46943,7 +46905,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>stauros</i>, a cross.]</p> <p><b>Rhodostethia</b>, rō-dō-stē′thi-a, - <i>n.</i> a genus of <i>Laridæ</i>, with rose-tinted breast and + <i>n.</i> a genus of <i>Laridæ</i>, with rose-tinted breast and wedge-shaped tail. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>stēthos</i>, the breast.]</p> @@ -46952,7 +46914,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>thamnos</i>, bush.]</p> <p><b>Rhodymenia</b>, rō-di-mē′ni-a, <i>n.</i> a genus - of marine algæ. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>hymēn</i>, + of marine algæ. [Gr. <i>rhodon</i>, rose, <i>hymēn</i>, membrane.]</p> <p><b>Rhœadic</b>, rē-ad′ik, <i>adj.</i> pertaining, to @@ -47007,7 +46969,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rhombus</b>. Same as <b>Rhomb</b>.</p> - <p><b>Rhonchus</b>, rong′kus, <i>n.</i> a râle, esp. when + <p><b>Rhonchus</b>, rong′kus, <i>n.</i> a râle, esp. when bronchial.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhonch′al</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rhonch′ial</span></b>. [L.,—Gr. <i>rhengchos</i>, @@ -47018,12 +46980,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Gr. <i>rhopalikos</i>, club-like, <i>rhopalon</i>, a club.]</p> <p><b>Rhopalocera</b>, rō-pa-los′e-ra, <i>n.pl.</i> an order - of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, with clubbed antennæ.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span + of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, with clubbed antennæ.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhopaloc′eral</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rhopaloc′erous</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhopalon</i>, a club, <i>keras</i>, a horn.]</p> - <p><b>Rhopalodinidæ</b>, rō-pa-lō-din′i-dē, + <p><b>Rhopalodinidæ</b>, rō-pa-lō-din′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> the sea-gourds.</p> <p><b>Rhotacism</b>, rō′ta-sizm, <i>n.</i> erroneous @@ -47031,7 +46993,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> to change into <i>r</i>.—<i>v.i.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhō′tacise</span></b>.</p> - <p><b>Rhubarb</b>, rōō′bärb, <i>n.</i> a plant, the + <p><b>Rhubarb</b>, rōō′bärb, <i>n.</i> a plant, the tender acidulous leaf-stalks of which are much used in cooking, and the root in medicine: the root of any medicinal rhubarb, with cathartic properties.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -47060,10 +47022,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> glassy feldspar found at Mt. Somma in Italy. [Gr. <i>rhyax</i>, <i>rhyakos</i>, a stream, <i>lithos</i>, stone.]</p> - <p><b>Rhyacophilidæ</b>, rī-a-kō-fil′i-dē, + <p><b>Rhyacophilidæ</b>, rī-a-kō-fil′i-dē, <i>n.</i> a family of neuropterous insects.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhyacoph′ilus</span></b>, a genus of - <i>Scolopacidæ</i>—the green or solitary sandpiper. [Gr. + <i>Scolopacidæ</i>—the green or solitary sandpiper. [Gr. <i>rhyax</i>, a stream, <i>philein</i>, to love.]</p> <p><b>Rhyme</b>, <b>Rime</b>, rīm, <i>n.</i> the recurrence of @@ -47093,15 +47055,15 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> due to the influence of <i>Rhythm</i>)—A.S. <i>rim</i>, number, cog. with Old High Ger. <i>rīm</i> (Ger. <i>reim</i>).]</p> - <p><b>Rhynchænus</b>, ring-kē′nus, <i>n.</i> a genus of + <p><b>Rhynchænus</b>, ring-kē′nus, <i>n.</i> a genus of coleopterous insects, of the family of snout-beetles. [Gr. <i>rhyngchaina</i>, having a large snout.]</p> <p><b>Rhynchea</b>, ring-kē′a, <i>n.</i> the painted - snipe.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhynchæ′an</span></b>. + snipe.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhynchæ′an</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhyngchos</i>, snout.]</p> - <p><b>Rhynchetidæ</b>, ring-ket′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> a family + <p><b>Rhynchetidæ</b>, ring-ket′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> a family of suctorial infusorians—its typical genus, <b><span class="nw">Rhynchē′ta</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhyngchos</i>, snout, <i>chaitē</i>, a mane.]</p> @@ -47115,7 +47077,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rhynchocœ′lan</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhyngchos</i>, snout, <i>koilos</i>, hollow.]</p> - <p><b>Rhynchocyonidæ</b>, ring-kō-sī-on′i-dē, + <p><b>Rhynchocyonidæ</b>, ring-kō-sī-on′i-dē, <i>n.pl.</i> a family of small insectivorous mammals, native to eastern Africa.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rhynchoc′yon</span></b>. [Gr. <i>rhyngchos</i>, snout, @@ -47133,7 +47095,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> snout, <i>lithos</i>, stone.]</p> <p><b>Rhynchonella</b>, ring-kō-nel′a, <i>n.</i> a typical - genus of <i>Rhynchonellidæ</i>, a family of arthropomatous brachiopods. + genus of <i>Rhynchonellidæ</i>, a family of arthropomatous brachiopods. [Gr <i>rhyngchos</i>, a snout.]</p> <p><b>Rhynchophora</b>, ring-kof′ō-ra, <i>n.pl.</i> a section @@ -47330,7 +47292,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ribes</b>, ribz, <i>n.sing.</i> and <i>pl.</i> a currant, currants.—<i>n.sing.</i> <b> Ribes</b> <span class="nw">(rī′bēz),</span> a genus of shrubs belonging - to the natural order <i>Ribesiaceæ</i>, familiar examples of which are + to the natural order <i>Ribesiaceæ</i>, familiar examples of which are the garden Gooseberry and the Currant. [O. Fr. <i>ribes</i>—Low L. <i>ribus</i>—Ar. <i>rībēs</i>, <i>rībās</i>.]</p> @@ -47342,7 +47304,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> variety of winter apple—from <i>Ribston</i> in Yorkshire, where Sir Henry Goodricke (1642-1705) first introduced them.</p> - <p><b>Ricardian</b>, ri-kär′di-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the + <p><b>Ricardian</b>, ri-kär′di-an, <i>adj.</i> pertaining to the political economist David <i>Ricardo</i> (1772-1823), or his theory.</p> <p><b>Ricasso</b>, ri-kas′ō, <i>n.</i> that part of a @@ -47383,7 +47345,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>oryza</i>, from Old Pers., whence also Ar. <i>uruzz</i>, <i>ruzz</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Ricercata</b>, rē-cher-kä′ta, <i>n.</i> a very + <p><b>Ricercata</b>, rē-cher-kä′ta, <i>n.</i> a very elaborate form of fugue. [It. <i>ricercare</i>, to search out.]</p> <p><b>Rich</b>, rich (<i>comp.</i> <b>Rich′er</b>, <i>superl.</i> @@ -47402,14 +47364,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> wealth, richly endowed.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rich′ly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rich′ness</span></b>, wealth: abundance: fruitfulness: - value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. <i>ríce</i>, rich; Ger. + value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. <i>rÃce</i>, rich; Ger. <i>reich</i>, Dut. <i>rijk</i>, Goth. <i>reiks</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Richardia</b>, ri-chär′di-a, <i>n.</i> a small genus of South + <p><b>Richardia</b>, ri-chär′di-a, <i>n.</i> a small genus of South African herbs of the Arum family, including the calla-lily. [From the French botanists, L. C. M. <i>Richard</i> (1754-1821) and his son.]</p> - <p><b>Richardsonia</b>, rich-ärd-sō′ni-a, <i>n.</i> a genus + <p><b>Richardsonia</b>, rich-ärd-sō′ni-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of gamopetalous plants, belonging to the madder family, native to the warmer parts of America. [Named from the 17th-cent. Eng. botanist, Richard <i>Richardson</i>.]</p> @@ -47421,9 +47383,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>n.sing.</i>) wealth: richness: abundance: an intellectual treasure, as the riches of wisdom: the pearl, flower, or cream of anything. [M. E. <i>richesse</i> (n.sing.)—O. Fr. <i>richesse</i>—Mid. High - Ger. <i>ríche</i>.]</p> + Ger. <i>rÃche</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Riciniæ</b>, rī-sin′i-ē, <i>n.</i> a division of + <p><b>Riciniæ</b>, rī-sin′i-ē, <i>n.</i> a division of mites or acarines. [L. <i>ricinus</i>, a tick.]</p> <p><b>Ricinium</b>, rī-sin′i-um, <i>n.</i> a mantle, chiefly @@ -47444,7 +47406,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of serpentine braid; <b><span class="nw">Rick′-stand</span></b>, a flooring on which a rick is made; <b><span class="nw">Hay′-rick′er</span></b>, a horse-rake for cocking - up hay. [A.S. <i>hreác</i>; Ice. <i>hraukr.</i>]</p> + up hay. [A.S. <i>hreác</i>; Ice. <i>hraukr.</i>]</p> <p><b>Rickets</b>, rik′ets, <i>n.sing.</i> a disease of children, characterised by softness and curvature of the bones.—<i>adv.</i> @@ -47608,7 +47570,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ridge′-rope</span></b>, the central rope of an awning.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ridg′y</span></b>, having ridges. [A.S. <i>hrycg</i>; Ice. <i>hryggr</i>, Ger. - <i>rücken</i>, back.]</p> + <i>rücken</i>, back.]</p> <p><b>Ridgel</b>, rij′el, <i>n.</i> a male animal with but one testicle.—Also <b><span class="nw">Ridg′il</span></b>, @@ -47630,7 +47592,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Riding</b>, rī′ding, <i>n.</i> one of the three divisions of the county of York. [A corr. of <i>thriding</i>—Ice. - <i>þridjungr</i>, the third, <i>þriði</i>, third, <i>þrir</i>, + <i>þridjungr</i>, the third, <i>þriði</i>, third, <i>þrir</i>, three.]</p> <p><b>Ridotto</b>, ri-dot′ō, <i>n.</i> a house of public @@ -47646,15 +47608,15 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rieve</b>, <b>Riever</b>. Same as <b>Reave</b>, <b>Reaver</b>.</p> - <p><b>Rifacimento</b>, rē-fä-chi-men′tō, <i>n.</i> a + <p><b>Rifacimento</b>, rē-fä-chi-men′tō, <i>n.</i> a recasting of literary works:—<i>pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rifacimen′ti</span></b>. [It.]</p> <p><b>Rife</b>, rīf, <i>adj.</i> prevailing: abundant: plentiful: well supplied: current: manifest.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rife′ly</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Rife′ness</span></b>. [A.S. <i>rífe</i>; Dut. - <i>rijf</i>, Ice. <i>rífr</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Rife′ness</span></b>. [A.S. <i>rÃfe</i>; Dut. + <i>rijf</i>, Ice. <i>rÃfr</i>.]</p> <p><b>Riffle</b>, rif′l, <i>n.</i> in mining, the lining of the bottom of a sluice: in seal engraving, a small iron disc at the end of a @@ -47665,17 +47627,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Riff-raff</b>, rif′-raf, <i>n.</i> sweepings: refuse: the rabble, the mob. [Explained by Skeat as M. E. <i>rif and raf</i>—O. Fr. <i>rif et raf</i>, also <i>rifle et rafle</i>. <i>Rifler</i>, to - rifle, ransack—Ice. <i>hrífa</i>, to catch; + rifle, ransack—Ice. <i>hrÃfa</i>, to catch; <i>rafler</i>—Teut., cf. Ger. <i>raffen</i>, to seize.]</p> <p><b>Rifle</b>, rī′fl, <i>v.t.</i> to carry off by force: to strip, to rob: to whet, as a scythe.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rī′fler</span></b>. [O. Fr. - <i>rifler</i>—Scand., Ice. <i>hrífa</i>, to seize.]</p> + <i>rifler</i>—Scand., Ice. <i>hrÃfa</i>, to seize.]</p> <p><b>Rifle</b>, rī′fl, <i>v.t.</i> to groove spirally, as a gun-barrel.—<i>n.</i> a musket with a barrel spirally - grooved—many varieties, the <i>Enfield</i>, <i>Minié</i>, + grooved—many varieties, the <i>Enfield</i>, <i>Minié</i>, <i>Martini-Henry</i>, <i>Chassepot</i>, <i>Mannlicher-repeating</i>, <i>Remington</i>, <i>Lee-Metford</i>, &c.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rī′fle-bird</span></b>, an Australian @@ -47835,7 +47797,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> righteousness of Christ being imputed to a man in consequence of faith.—<b>Original righteousness</b>, the condition of man before the Fall as made in the image of God. [A.S. - <i>rihtwís</i>—<i>riht</i>, right, <i>wís</i>, wise.]</p> + <i>rihtwÃs</i>—<i>riht</i>, right, <i>wÃs</i>, wise.]</p> <p><b>Rigid</b>, rij′id, <i>adj.</i> not easily bent: stiff: severe: strict: unyielding: harsh: without delicacy: wanting in @@ -47917,18 +47879,18 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> annular. [A.S. <i>rima</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rim</b>, rim, <i>n.</i> a membrane: the peritoneum. [A.S. - <i>reóma</i>.]</p> + <i>reóma</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rimbase</b>, rim′bās, <i>n.</i> a short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the body of a cannon.</p> <p><b>Rime</b>, rīm, <i>n.</i> hoar-frost: frozen dew.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rī′my</span></b>. - [A.S. <i>hrím</i>; Dut. <i>rijm</i>, Ger. <i>reif</i>.]</p> + [A.S. <i>hrÃm</i>; Dut. <i>rijm</i>, Ger. <i>reif</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rime</b>, rīm, <i>n.</i> a rent, chink, or fissure—also <b><span class="nw">Rī′ma</span></b>:—<i>pl.</i> - <b><span class="nw">Rī′mæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> + <b><span class="nw">Rī′mæ</span></b>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rīmose′</span></b>, full of rimes or chinks: having numerous minute fissures, mostly parallel, like the bark of a tree.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -47959,7 +47921,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> contagious disease of cattle. [Ger., 'cattle-plague.']</p> <p><b>Rine</b>, rīn, <i>v.t.</i> to touch.—<i>n.</i> the same - as <b>Rind</b>. [A.S. <i>hrínan</i>; Ice. <i>hrína</i>, to hurt.]</p> + as <b>Rind</b>. [A.S. <i>hrÃnan</i>; Ice. <i>hrÃna</i>, to hurt.]</p> <p><b>Rine</b>, rīn, <i>n.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) a ditch or water-course.—Also <b>Rhine</b>, <b>Rone</b>, <b>Rune</b>. [A.S. @@ -48131,7 +48093,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>out</i>):—<i>pr.p.</i> <span class="nw">rip′ping;</span> <i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> ripped.—<i>n.</i> a tear: a rent: a place torn: (<i>slang</i>) a vicious person: a worthless horse: a ripple. - [Scand., Norw. <i>ripa</i>, to scratch; Ice. <i>rífa</i>, to rive.]</p> + [Scand., Norw. <i>ripa</i>, to scratch; Ice. <i>rÃfa</i>, to rive.]</p> <p><b>Rip</b>, rip, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) a handful of grain not thrashed.</p> @@ -48225,7 +48187,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ripuarian</b>, rip-ū-ā′ri-an, <i>adj.</i> riparian.</p> - <p><b>Risaldar</b>, ris-al-där′, <i>n.</i> the native commander of + <p><b>Risaldar</b>, ris-al-där′, <i>n.</i> the native commander of a troop of cavalry in the British Indian army.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ris′ala</span></b>, a troop of native irregular cavalry.</p> @@ -48255,14 +48217,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> which, rises.—<b>Rise from the ranks</b>, to win a commission; <b>Rise to the occasion</b>, to be equal to an emergency.—<b>Take a rise out of</b>, to take the conceit out of a person by making him - ridiculous. [A.S. <i>rísan</i>; Ice. <i>rísa</i>, Goth. <i>reisan</i>, + ridiculous. [A.S. <i>rÃsan</i>; Ice. <i>rÃsa</i>, Goth. <i>reisan</i>, Ger. <i>reisen</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rise</b>, rīs, <i>n.</i> a twig, a small bush.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rise′bush</span></b>, a faggot; <b><span class="nw">Rī′sel</span></b>, a support for a climbing vine; <b><span class="nw">Rise′-wood</span></b>, small - wood cut for hedging. [A.S. <i>hrís</i>; Ger. <i>reis</i>.]</p> + wood cut for hedging. [A.S. <i>hrÃs</i>; Ger. <i>reis</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rishi</b>, rish′i, <i>n.</i> a sage or poet, the author of a Vedic hymn.—<b>The seven rishis</b>, the stars of the Great Bear. @@ -48337,7 +48299,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>ritus</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rithe</b>, rī<i>th</i>, <i>n.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) a small - stream. [A.S. <i>ríth</i>.]</p> + stream. [A.S. <i>rÃth</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ritornelle</b>, rē-tor-nel′, <i>n.</i> (<i>mus.</i>) an instrumental prelude belonging to a vocal work.—Also <b><span @@ -48348,7 +48310,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> cavalry. [Ger. <i>ritter</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rittock</b>, rit′ok, <i>n.</i> the common tern.—Also - <b><span class="nw">Rípp′ock</span></b>.</p> + <b><span class="nw">RÃpp′ock</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Ritual</b>, rit′ū-al, <i>adj.</i> consisting of or prescribing rites.—<i>n.</i> manner of performing divine service, @@ -48397,7 +48359,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> pierce: to explode.—<i>v.i.</i> to be split asunder:—<i>pa.t.</i> rīved; <i>pa.p.</i> rīved, <span class="nw">riv′en.</span>—<i>n.</i> that which is torn. - [Scand., Ice. <i>rífa</i>, to rive; Dut. <i>rijven</i>, Ger. + [Scand., Ice. <i>rÃfa</i>, to rive; Dut. <i>rijven</i>, Ger. <i>reiben</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rive</b>, rīv, <i>n.</i> a bank: shore.—<i>v.i.</i> to @@ -48458,17 +48420,17 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> turtle; <b><span class="nw">Riv′er-wall</span></b>, a wall made to confine the waters of a river within definite bounds.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Riv′ery</span></b>, pertaining to rivers, like - rivers. [Fr. <i>rivière</i> (It. <i>riviera</i>, shore, river)—Low + rivers. [Fr. <i>rivière</i> (It. <i>riviera</i>, shore, river)—Low L. <i>riparia</i>, a shore district—L. <i>ripa</i>, a bank.]</p> <p><b>Rivesaltes</b>, rēv′salt, <i>n.</i> a sweet wine made - from Muscat grapes. [<i>Rivésaltes</i> in southern France.]</p> + from Muscat grapes. [<i>Rivésaltes</i> in southern France.]</p> <p><b>Rivet</b>, riv′et, <i>n.</i> bearded wheat.</p> <div class="figright" style="width:11%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Rivets.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Rivets.png" - alt="Rivets." title="Rivets." /></a> + alt="Rivets." title="Rivets."></a> </div> <p><b>Rivet</b>, riv′et, <i>n.</i> a bolt of metal fastened by being hammered at both ends.—<i>v.t.</i> to fasten with a rivet: to @@ -48488,10 +48450,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Riv′et-knob</span></b>, a tool for swaging rivet-heads; <b><span class="nw">Riv′et-machine′</span></b>, a machine for making rivets from rod-iron. [O. Fr. <i>rivet</i>; acc. to Diez from the - root of Ice. <i>rífa</i>, Dan. <i>rive</i>, Ger. <i>reiben</i>, Eng. + root of Ice. <i>rÃfa</i>, Dan. <i>rive</i>, Ger. <i>reiben</i>, Eng. <i>rive</i>.]</p> - <p><b>Rivière</b>, rē-viār, <i>n.</i> a necklace of precious + <p><b>Rivière</b>, rē-viār, <i>n.</i> a necklace of precious stones, particularly diamonds. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Rivina</b>, ri-vī′na, <i>n.</i> a genus of apetalous @@ -48510,7 +48472,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>rivus</i>, a stream.]</p> <p><b>Rivularia</b>, riv-ū-lā′ri-a, <i>n.</i> a genus - of fresh-water algæ.</p> + of fresh-water algæ.</p> <p><b>Rivulet</b>, riv′ū-let, <i>n.</i> a small stream, brook: a geometrid moth.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -48590,13 +48552,13 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Road′worthy</span></b>, fit for the road.—<b>By the road</b>, by the highway; <b>On the road</b>, travelling; <b>Rule of the road</b>, the custom of the country in passing on a highway; <b>Take - to the road</b>, to become a highwayman. [A.S. <i>rád</i>, a - riding—<i>rád</i>, pa.t. of <i>rídan</i>, to ride.]</p> + to the road</b>, to become a highwayman. [A.S. <i>rád</i>, a + riding—<i>rád</i>, pa.t. of <i>rÃdan</i>, to ride.]</p> <p><b>Roam</b>, rōm, <i>v.i.</i> to rove about: to ramble.—<i>v.t.</i> to wander over: to range.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Roam′er</span></b>, a wanderer. [M. E. - <i>romen</i>, <i>ramen</i>; allied to A.S. <i>á-rǽman</i>, to + <i>romen</i>, <i>ramen</i>; allied to A.S. <i>á-rǽman</i>, to spread out, Old High Ger. <i>rāman</i>, <i>rāmen</i>, to direct one's course; the meaning influenced by M. E. <i>Rome-rennere</i>, a pilgrim.]</p> @@ -48617,8 +48579,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> disease of horses causing them to roar in breathing.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Roar′ingly</span></b>.—<b>Roaring boys</b>, swaggerers; <b>Roaring forties</b>, the stormy tract between - 49° and 50° N. latitude; <b>Roaring game</b>, curling. [A.S. - <i>rárian</i>; Mid. High Ger. <i>rēran</i>, Ger. <i>röhren</i>, to + 49° and 50° N. latitude; <b>Roaring game</b>, curling. [A.S. + <i>rárian</i>; Mid. High Ger. <i>rēran</i>, Ger. <i>röhren</i>, to cry as a stag, to bellow.]</p> <p><b>Roast</b>, rōst, <i>v.t.</i> to cook before a fire, or in an @@ -48638,9 +48600,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Roas′ting-ov′en</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Roast′-ī′ron</span></b>, a gridiron.—<b>Roastbeef plant</b>, an iris of Western - Europe.—<b>Rule the roast</b>, to domineer. [A.S. <i>róstian</i>; - cog. with Dut. <i>roosten</i>, Ger. <i>rösten</i>; or O. Fr. - <i>rostir</i> (Fr. <i>rôtir</i>)—Old High Ger. <i>rōstan</i>; + Europe.—<b>Rule the roast</b>, to domineer. [A.S. <i>róstian</i>; + cog. with Dut. <i>roosten</i>, Ger. <i>rösten</i>; or O. Fr. + <i>rostir</i> (Fr. <i>rôtir</i>)—Old High Ger. <i>rōstan</i>; or Celt., as Gael. <i>rost</i>, W. <i>rhostio</i>, Bret. <i>rosta</i>, all meaning to roast.]</p> @@ -48656,7 +48618,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> resolutions were annulled at Chalcedon in 451; <b><span class="nw">Rob′ber-crab</span></b>, a hermit-crab; <b><span class="nw">Rob′ber-fly</span></b>, any dipterous insect of the - family <i>Asilidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rob′ber-gull</span></b>, + family <i>Asilidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rob′ber-gull</span></b>, the skua; <b><span class="nw">Rob′bery</span></b>, theft from the person, aggravated by violence or intimidation: plundering.—<b>Robbing Peter to pay Paul</b>, paying and repaying @@ -48699,7 +48661,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Robin</b>, rob′in, <i>n.</i> the <b><span class="nw">Rob′in-red′breast</span></b>, a well-known and - widely-spread singing bird of the family <i>Sylviidæ</i>, with a + widely-spread singing bird of the family <i>Sylviidæ</i>, with a reddish-orange breast: the red-breasted thrush of North America: the sea-robin or red-breasted merganser: a trimming in front of a dress.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -48766,7 +48728,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> including the rock-fish or striped bass of the United States.</p> <p><b>Rochea</b>, rō′kē-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of plants - of the order <i>Crassulaceæ</i>. [From the botanist <i>Laroche</i>.]</p> + of the order <i>Crassulaceæ</i>. [From the botanist <i>Laroche</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rochelle-powder</b>, rō-shel′-pow′dėr, <i>n.</i> seidlitz-powder.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -48780,10 +48742,10 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>roccus</i>—Old High Ger. <i>roch</i> (A.S. <i>rocc</i>, Ger. <i>rock</i>), a coat.]</p> - <p><b>Roches moutonnées</b>, rosh mōō-to-nā, + <p><b>Roches moutonnées</b>, rosh mōō-to-nā, <i>n.pl.</i> smooth, rounded, hummocky bosses and undulating surfaces of rock, common in regions overflowed by glacier-ice. [Fr., <i>roche</i>, a - rock, <i>moutonnée</i>, masc. <i>moutonné</i>, rounded like a sheep's + rock, <i>moutonnée</i>, masc. <i>moutonné</i>, rounded like a sheep's back.]</p> <p><b>Rock</b>, rok, <i>n.</i> a large mass of stone: (<i>geol.</i>) a @@ -48824,7 +48786,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> blue-rock; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-drill</span></b>, a machine-drill worked by steam, &c.; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-eel</span></b>, a fish of the family - <i>Xiphidiontidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-elm</span></b>, an + <i>Xiphidiontidæ</i>; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-elm</span></b>, an American elm; <b><span class="nw">Rock′er</span></b>, the rock-dove; <b><span class="nw">Rock′ery</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Rock′work</span></b>, a mound made with pieces of rock, @@ -48846,7 +48808,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> American cryptogamous plant: a white-flowered Australian orchid; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-lim′pet</span></b>, a limpet which adheres to rocks; <b><span class="nw">Rock′ling</span></b>, a genus of - fishes of the cod family <i>Gadidæ</i>, of which several species frequent + fishes of the cod family <i>Gadidæ</i>, of which several species frequent the British seas; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-lin′tie</span></b> (<i>Scot.</i>), the twite: the <b><span class="nw">Rock′-lark</span></b>; <b><span @@ -48866,7 +48828,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rock′-rabb′it</span></b>, a hyrax; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-rose</span></b>, a plant of either of the genera <i>Cistus</i> and <i>Helianthemum</i> of the rock-rose family - (<i>Cistaceæ</i>); <b><span + (<i>Cistaceæ</i>); <b><span class="nw">Rock′-ru′by</span></b>, a ruby-red garnet; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-salm′on</span></b>, the coal-fish: an amber-fish; <b><span class="nw">Rock′-salt</span></b>, salt in @@ -48930,7 +48892,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rock′-shaft</span></b>, in steam-engines, a shaft that oscillates instead of revolving.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rock′y</span></b>, disposed to rock: tipsy. [A.S. - <i>roccian</i>; cf. Dan. <i>rokke</i>, to rock, Ger. <i>rücken</i>, to + <i>roccian</i>; cf. Dan. <i>rokke</i>, to rock, Ger. <i>rücken</i>, to pull.]</p> <p><b>Rockel</b>, rok′el, <i>n.</i> (prov.) a woman's cloak.</p> @@ -48959,9 +48921,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rod</b>, rod, <i>n.</i> a long twig: a slender stick: anything long and slender, as a magic rod, a lightning-rod, a fishing-rod, &c.: an instrument of correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or - perch (5½ yards, or 16½ feet)—the square rod, generally called - rood, is employed in estimating masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or - 272¼ sq. feet: (<i>fig.</i>) punishment: authority: oppression: + perch (5½ yards, or 16½ feet)—the square rod, generally called + rood, is employed in estimating masonry-work, and contains 16½ × 16½, or + 272¼ sq. feet: (<i>fig.</i>) punishment: authority: oppression: (<i>B.</i>) race or tribe: one of the layers of rods composing the retina of the eye: any bar connecting parts of a machine.—<i>v.t.</i> to furnish with rods, esp. lightning-rods.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span @@ -48973,7 +48935,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> broom-handles; <b><span class="nw">Rod′-ring</span></b>, one of the rings along a fishing-rod through which the line runs; <b><span class="nw">Rod′ster</span></b>, an angler.—<b>Napier's - rods</b> (see <b>Napierian</b>). [A.S. <i>ród</i>; Dut. <i>roede</i>, + rods</b> (see <b>Napierian</b>). [A.S. <i>ród</i>; Dut. <i>roede</i>, Ger. <i>ruthe</i>; L. <i>rudis</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roddin</b>, rod′in, <i>n.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) rowan-tree.</p> @@ -49017,7 +48979,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> one front antler and two hinder ones; <b><span class="nw">Roe′buck-berr′y</span></b>, the stone-bramble; <b><span class="nw">Roe′-deer</span></b>, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. - <i>ráh</i>; Ger. <i>reh</i>, Dut. <i>ree</i>.]</p> + <i>ráh</i>; Ger. <i>reh</i>, Dut. <i>ree</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roe-stone</b>, rō′-stōn, <i>n.</i> the same as <i>Oolite</i> (q.v.).</p> @@ -49072,7 +49034,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rō′guy</span></b> (<i>obs.</i>).—<b>Rogues' gallery</b>, a collection of photographs of criminals kept at police headquarters. [O. Fr. <i>rogue</i>, proud; either from Bret. <i>rok</i>, - proud, or acc. to Diez, from Ice. <i>hrók-r</i>, proud.]</p> + proud, or acc. to Diez, from Ice. <i>hrók-r</i>, proud.]</p> <p><b>Rohan</b>, rō′han, <i>n.</i> an East Indian timber-tree—called also <i>Red-wood</i> and <i>East Indian @@ -49123,7 +49085,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Roncesvalles in 778.—<b>A Roland for an Oliver</b>, a blow for a blow, anything done or said to match something else.</p> - <p><b>Rôle</b>, rōl, <i>n.</i> the part performed by an actor in a + <p><b>Rôle</b>, rōl, <i>n.</i> the part performed by an actor in a play: any important part played in public life. [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Role</b>, rōl, <i>n.</i> an ancient unit of quantity, @@ -49193,7 +49155,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> language of the descendants of the Eastern Romans: Hellenic.—<i>adj.</i> pertaining to the foregoing.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Romā′ika</span></b>, a modern Greek - dance. [Fr. <i>Romaïque</i>—modern Gr. + dance. [Fr. <i>Romaïque</i>—modern Gr. <i>Rhōmaikos</i>—<i>Rhōmē</i>, Rome.]</p> <p><b>Romal</b>, rō-mal′, <i>n.</i> a braided thong of @@ -49252,7 +49214,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Romance</b>, rō-mans′, <i>n.</i> a general name for those modern languages in southern Europe which sprang from a corruption of the Roman or Latin language—Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, - Provençal, French, Roumanian, Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of + Provençal, French, Roumanian, Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of these dialects: any fictitious and wonderful tale: a fictitious narrative in prose or verse which passes beyond the limits of real life: a ballad.—<i>adj.</i> belonging to the dialects called @@ -49276,7 +49238,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Romansch</b>, rō-mansh′, <i>n.</i> the language spoken from the Grisons to Friuli on the Adriatic.—Also <b><span - class="nw">Rhæ′to-Roman′ic</span></b>.</p> + class="nw">Rhæ′to-Roman′ic</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Romant</b>, rō-mant′, <i>v.i.</i> to romance: to exaggerate.—<i>n.</i> a romance—generally <b><span @@ -49319,7 +49281,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [Fr.]</p> <p><b>Roncador</b>, rong′ka-dōr, <i>n.</i> one of several - sciænoid fishes of the Pacific coast. [Sp.,—L. <i>rhonchus</i>, a + sciænoid fishes of the Pacific coast. [Sp.,—L. <i>rhonchus</i>, a snoring.]</p> <p><b>Ronchil</b>. See <b>Ronquil</b>.</p> @@ -49381,7 +49343,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ront</b>, ront. Same as <i>Runt</i> (q.v.).</p> - <p><b>Röntgen rays</b>. See <b>X-rays</b>.</p> + <p><b>Röntgen rays</b>. See <b>X-rays</b>.</p> <p><b>Rood</b>, rōōd, <i>n.</i> the fourth part of an acre, or forty perches—from the rod used in measuring: a figure of @@ -49396,7 +49358,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rood′-steep′le</span></b>, a spire built over the entrance to the chancel; <b><span class="nw">Rood′-tree</span></b>, the cross; <b><span class="nw">Hō′ly-rood</span></b>, a - crucifix. [Same as <i>rod</i>. A.S. <i>ród</i>.]</p> + crucifix. [Same as <i>rod</i>. A.S. <i>ród</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roodebok</b>, rōōd′e-bok, <i>n.</i> the bush-buck. [Dut. <i>rood</i>, red, <i>bok</i>, buck.]</p> @@ -49424,7 +49386,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> having a roof or roofs.—<b>French roof</b>, a form of roof with almost vertical sides; <b>Gothic roof</b>, a very high-pitched roof; <b>Mansard roof</b> (see <b>Mansard</b>); <b>Square roof</b>, one in - which the chief rafters meet at a right angle. [A.S. <i>hróf</i>; Dut. + which the chief rafters meet at a right angle. [A.S. <i>hróf</i>; Dut. <i>roef</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rook</b>, rook, <i>n.</i> a species of crow—from its croak: @@ -49434,7 +49396,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> on which rooks build: a cluster of mean tenements: a resort of thieves: a disturbance.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rook′y</span></b> (<i>Shak.</i>), inhabited by rooks. - [A.S. <i>hróc</i>; Goth. <i>hrukjan</i>, to croak.]</p> + [A.S. <i>hróc</i>; Goth. <i>hrukjan</i>, to croak.]</p> <p><b>Rook</b>, rook, <i>n.</i> a castle or piece used in playing chess. [O. Fr. <i>roc</i>—Pers. <i>rokh</i>.]</p> @@ -49460,7 +49422,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Room′some</span></b>, roomy.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Room′y</span></b>, having ample room: wide: spacious.—<b>Give room</b>, to withdraw so as to leave space for - others; <b>Make room</b>, to open a way. [A.S. <i>rúm</i>; Ger. + others; <b>Make room</b>, to open a way. [A.S. <i>rúm</i>; Ger. <i>raum</i>, Dut. <i>ruim</i>.]</p> <p><b>Room</b>, rōōm, <i>n.</i> a deep-blue dye.—Also @@ -49473,11 +49435,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> roar.—<i>n.</i> hoarseness.—<i>adsj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Roop′it</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Roop′y</span></b> (<i>Scot.</i>), hoarse. [A.S. - <i>hrópan</i>, pa.t. <i>hreóp</i>; cf. Ger. <i>rufen</i>, to cry + <i>hrópan</i>, pa.t. <i>hreóp</i>; cf. Ger. <i>rufen</i>, to cry out.]</p> <p><b>Roose</b>, rōōz, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Scot.</i>) to praise - highly. [M. E. <i>rosen</i>—Scand., Ice. <i>hrósa</i>, to + highly. [M. E. <i>rosen</i>—Scand., Ice. <i>hrósa</i>, to praise.]</p> <p><b>Roost</b>, rōōst, <i>n.</i> a pole or support on which @@ -49485,7 +49447,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> the inner roof of a cottage.—<i>v.i.</i> to sit or sleep on a roost.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Roost′er</span></b>, the male of the domestic fowl, cock: any bird that roosts.—<b>At - roost</b>, roosting, asleep. [A.S. <i>hróst</i>; Dut. <i>roest</i>.]</p> + roost</b>, roosting, asleep. [A.S. <i>hróst</i>; Dut. <i>roest</i>.]</p> <p><b>Root</b>, rōōt, <i>n.</i> the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: @@ -49550,14 +49512,14 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> bitterness</b>, a dangerous error drawing away to apostasy; <b>Root of the matter</b>, that which is essential.—<b>Strike</b>, or <b>Take</b>, <b>root</b>, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice. - <i>rót</i>; Dan. <i>rod</i>; Goth. <i>waurts</i>, A.S. <i>wyrt</i>.]</p> + <i>rót</i>; Dan. <i>rod</i>; Goth. <i>waurts</i>, A.S. <i>wyrt</i>.]</p> <p><b>Root</b>, rōōt, <i>v.t.</i> to turn up with the snout.—<i>v.i</i>. to turn up the earth with the snout.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Root′er</span></b>.—<i>v.t.</i> <b><span class="nw">Root′le</span></b>. [A.S. - <i>wrótan</i>—<i>wrót</i>, a snout.]</p> + <i>wrótan</i>—<i>wrót</i>, a snout.]</p> <p><b>Ropalic</b>=<i>Rhopalic</i> (q.v.).</p> @@ -49565,7 +49527,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <div class="figright" style="width:17%;"> <a href="images/Chambers_1908_Rope.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/Chambers_1908_Rope.png" - alt="Rope." title="Rope." /></a> + alt="Rope." title="Rope."></a> </div> <p><b>Rope</b>, rōp, <i>n.</i> a thick twisted cord: a string consisting of a number of things united, as a rope of pearls: anything @@ -49622,7 +49584,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> sand</b>, a tie easily broken; <b>Rope's end</b>, an instrument of punishment.—<b>Be at the end of one's rope</b>, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; <b>Give a person rope</b>, to allow a person - full scope; <b>On the high rope</b>, elated, arrogant. [A.S. <i>ráp</i>; + full scope; <b>On the high rope</b>, elated, arrogant. [A.S. <i>ráp</i>; Ice. <i>reip</i>, Dut. <i>reep</i>, Ger. <i>reif</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roquelaure</b>, rok′e-lōr, <i>n.</i> a short cloak worn @@ -49644,7 +49606,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. <i>ros</i>, <i>roris</i>, dew.]</p> <p><b>Rorqual</b>, ror′kwal, <i>n.</i> a genus of whales of the - largest size. [Sw. <i>rörhval</i>—<i>rör</i>, round, <i>hval</i>, + largest size. [Sw. <i>rörhval</i>—<i>rör</i>, round, <i>hval</i>, whale.]</p> <p><b>Rosaceous</b>, rō-zā′shus, <i>adj.</i> @@ -49799,12 +49761,12 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-rus′tic</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">-wave</span></b>, names of moths.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rō′sy-tint′ed</span></b>, tinted of a - rose-colour.—<b>Under the rose</b> (L., <i>sub rosâ</i>), under the + rose-colour.—<b>Under the rose</b> (L., <i>sub rosâ</i>), under the pledge of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of secrecy; <b>Wars of the Roses</b>, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the Houses of Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th century, from the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth - (1485). [A.S. <i>róse</i>—L. <i>rosa</i>, Gr. <i>rhodon</i>.]</p> + (1485). [A.S. <i>róse</i>—L. <i>rosa</i>, Gr. <i>rhodon</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roselet</b>, roz′let, <i>n.</i> the summer fur of the ermine.</p> @@ -49936,7 +49898,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rostrif′erous</span></b>, having a rostrum; <b><span class="nw">Ros′triform</span></b>, shaped like a rostrum; <b><span class="nw">Ros′tro-anten′nary</span></b>, pertaining to the - rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; <b><span + rostrum and antennæ of a crustacean; <b><span class="nw">Ros′troid</span></b>, resembling a rostrum; <b><span class="nw">Rostrolat′eral</span></b>, situated alongside the rostrum.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ros′trulum</span></b>, @@ -49970,7 +49932,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> papal court.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rō′tal</span></b>.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rotā′lia</span></b>, the typical genus of - <i>Rotaliidæ</i>, small foraminifers of rotate figure.—<i>adjs.</i> + <i>Rotaliidæ</i>, small foraminifers of rotate figure.—<i>adjs.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rotā′lian</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Rotal′iform</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Rō′taline</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span @@ -50024,7 +49986,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rother</b>, roth′ėr, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Shak.</i>) roaring, lowing, denoting cattle generally, or horned or black cattle.—<i>n.</i> <b><span - class="nw">Roth′er-beast</span></b>. [A.S. <i>hrýther</i>, an ox, a + class="nw">Roth′er-beast</span></b>. [A.S. <i>hrýther</i>, an ox, a cow; cf. Ger. pl. <i>rinder</i>, horned cattle.]</p> <p><b>Rothesay Herald</b>, one of the six Scottish heralds.</p> @@ -50090,7 +50052,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Roture</b>, rō-tūr′, <i>n.</i> in Canadian law, a grant made of feudal property: plebeian rank in France.—<i>n.</i> - <b>Roturier</b> <span class="nw">(ro-tü-ri-ā′),</span> a + <b>Roturier</b> <span class="nw">(ro-tü-ri-ā′),</span> a plebeian. [Fr.,—Low L. <i>ruptura</i>, ground broken by the plough—L. <i>rumpĕre</i>, <i>ruptum</i>, to break.]</p> @@ -50102,11 +50064,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Roucou</b>, rōō′kōō, <i>n.</i> a dye—arnotto. [Fr.,—Braz.]</p> - <p><b>Roué</b>, rōō-ā′, <i>n.</i> a fashionable + <p><b>Roué</b>, rōō-ā′, <i>n.</i> a fashionable profligate: a rake, debauchee.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rou′erie</span></b>, debauchery. [A name given by - Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France 1715-23, to his dissolute - companions—Fr. <i>roué</i>, one broken on the wheel—pa.p. of + Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France 1715-23, to his dissolute + companions—Fr. <i>roué</i>, one broken on the wheel—pa.p. of <i>rouer</i>—<i>roue</i>—L. <i>rota</i>, a wheel.]</p> <p><b>Rouelle</b>, rōō-el′, <i>n.</i> a wheel-like @@ -50215,7 +50177,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> (see <b>Diamond</b>); <b>Rough it</b>, to take what comes.—<b>Cut up rough</b>, to become quarrelsome or violent; <b>In the rough</b>, in an unwrought or rude condition; <b>Ride rough-shod</b> (see <b>Ride</b>). - [A.S. <i>rúh</i>, rough; Ger. <i>rauch</i>, <i>rauh</i>, Dut. + [A.S. <i>rúh</i>, rough; Ger. <i>rauch</i>, <i>rauh</i>, Dut. <i>ruig</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rought</b>, rawt, an obsolete pret. of <i>reck</i>.</p> @@ -50401,7 +50363,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>rusa</i>, Dan. <i>ruse</i>, to rush.]</p> <p><b>Rouse</b>, rowz, <i>n.</i> a carousal: a bumper. [Scand., Sw. - <i>rus</i>, drunkenness, Ice. <i>rúss</i>; cf. Dut. <i>roes</i>, Ger. + <i>rus</i>, drunkenness, Ice. <i>rúss</i>; cf. Dut. <i>roes</i>, Ger. <i>rausch</i>.]</p> <p><b>Roussette</b>, rōō-set′, <i>n.</i> a fruit-eating @@ -50435,7 +50397,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>rumpĕre</i>, to break.]</p> <p><b>Rout</b>, rowt, <i>v.i.</i> to roar like a cow: to snore: to howl - like the wind. [A.S. <i>hrútan</i>, to roar.]</p> + like the wind. [A.S. <i>hrútan</i>, to roar.]</p> <p><b>Rout</b>, rowt, <i>v.t.</i> to root up, as a pig: to scoop out.—<i>v.i.</i> to poke about—also @@ -50520,8 +50482,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> insect.</p> <p><b>Row</b>, rō, <i>n.</i> a line: a rank: persons or things in a - line.—<i>v.t.</i> to arrange in a line. [A.S. <i>ráw</i>, - <i>ráwe</i>; Ger. <i>reihe</i>, Dut. <i>rij</i>.]</p> + line.—<i>v.t.</i> to arrange in a line. [A.S. <i>ráw</i>, + <i>ráwe</i>; Ger. <i>reihe</i>, Dut. <i>rij</i>.]</p> <p><b>Row</b>, rō, <i>v.t.</i> to impel with an oar: to transport by rowing.—<i>v.i.</i> to work with the oar: to be moved by @@ -50530,8 +50492,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Row′boat</span></b>, a boat moved by rowers; <b><span class="nw">Row′er</span></b>; <b><span class="nw">Row′-port</span></b>, a small square hole in small - vessels near the water-line for the oars in a calm. [A.S. <i>rówan</i>; - Ger. <i>rudern</i>, Ice. <i>róa</i>.]</p> + vessels near the water-line for the oars in a calm. [A.S. <i>rówan</i>; + Ger. <i>rudern</i>, Ice. <i>róa</i>.]</p> <p><b>Row</b>, row, <i>n.</i> a noisy squabble: uproar: an outbreak: a brawl.—<i>v.t.</i> to injure by wild treatment: to abuse, @@ -50554,9 +50516,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rowan</b>, row′an, <i>n.</i> the mountain-ash, or quicken-tree, a British tree belonging to the natural order - <i>Rosaceæ</i>, whose acid fruit—<b>Rowan berries</b>—is + <i>Rosaceæ</i>, whose acid fruit—<b>Rowan berries</b>—is sometimes used for preserves.—Also <b>Roan-tree</b>. [Scand., Sw. - <i>röun</i>, Dan. <i>rön</i>, Ice. <i>reynir</i>.]</p> + <i>röun</i>, Dan. <i>rön</i>, Ice. <i>reynir</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rowel</b>, row′el, <i>n.</i> the little wheel in a spur, set with sharp points: a little flat wheel or ring on horses' bits: a seton @@ -50577,7 +50539,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rowlock</b>, rō′lok, or rul′uk, <i>n.</i> a contrivance on the wale of a boat, to rest the oar in rowing.—Also <b><span class="nw">Roll′ock</span></b>, <b><span - class="nw">Rull′ock</span></b>. [Prob. A.S. <i>árlóc</i>.]</p> + class="nw">Rull′ock</span></b>. [Prob. A.S. <i>árlóc</i>.]</p> <p><b>Rowme</b>, rowm, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) room, space, place.</p> @@ -50667,7 +50629,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rubasse</b>, rōō-bas′, <i>n.</i> a beautiful variety of rock-crystal. [Fr.,—L. <i>rubeus</i>, reddish.]</p> - <p><b>Rubato</b>, rōō-bä′to, <i>adj.</i> (<i>mus.</i>) + <p><b>Rubato</b>, rōō-bä′to, <i>adj.</i> (<i>mus.</i>) in modified or distorted rhythm. [It., pa.p. of <i>rubare</i>, to steal.]</p> @@ -50778,7 +50740,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Central Italy, forming the boundary in the republican period of ancient Roman history between the province of Gallia Cisalpina and Italia proper.—<b>Pass the Rubicon</b>, to take a decisive, irrevocable - step, as Julius Cæsar's crossing this stream, the limit of his + step, as Julius Cæsar's crossing this stream, the limit of his province—a virtual declaration of war against the republic.</p> <p><b>Rubicund</b>, rōō′bi-kund, <i>adj.</i> inclining @@ -50812,7 +50774,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ruble</b>, <b>Rouble</b>, rōō′bl, <i>n.</i> the unit of the Russian money system, divided into 100 copecks—the - present silver ruble is equivalent to 2s. 1½d. [Russ. + present silver ruble is equivalent to 2s. 1½d. [Russ. <i>rublĭ</i>—<i>rubitĭ</i>, cut off, prob. from Pers. <i>rūpīya</i>, a rupee.]</p> @@ -50845,7 +50807,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> red-coloured corundum, inferior in hardness to the diamond only among gems: redness, anything red: (<i>her.</i>) the tincture red or gules: (<i>print.</i>) a type smaller than nonpareil and larger than - pearl—5½ points in the new system: the red bird of Paradise: the + pearl—5½ points in the new system: the red bird of Paradise: the ruby hummer of Brazil.—<i>adj.</i> red.—<i>v.t.</i> to make red:—<i>pa.t.</i> and <i>pa.p.</i> <span class="nw">ru′bied.</span>—<i>adj.</i> <b><span @@ -50865,7 +50827,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <i>rubi</i>—L. <i>rubeus</i>—<i>ruber</i>, red.]</p> <p><b>Rucervus</b>, rōō-ser′vus, <i>n.</i> a genus of - East Indian <i>Cervidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span + East Indian <i>Cervidæ</i>.—<i>adj.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rucer′vine</span></b>.</p> <p><b>Ruche</b>, rōōsh, <i>n.</i> a plaited @@ -50898,7 +50860,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rud</b>, rud, <i>n.</i> redness: blush: flush: red ochre for marking sheep.—<i>v.t.</i> to make red. [A.S. <i>rudu</i>, redness, - <i>reódan</i>, to redden.]</p> + <i>reódan</i>, to redden.]</p> <p><b>Rud</b>, rud, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) to rub: to polish.</p> @@ -50936,7 +50898,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Rudd′er-trunk</span></b>, a casing of wood fitted into the post, through which the rudder-stock is inserted; <b><span class="nw">Rudd′er-wheel</span></b>, a small wheel at the end of a - plough helping to guide it. [A.S. <i>róther</i>; Ger. <i>ruder</i>, an + plough helping to guide it. [A.S. <i>róther</i>; Ger. <i>ruder</i>, an oar.]</p> <p><b>Rudder</b>, rud′ėr, <i>n.</i> a riddle or @@ -50951,11 +50913,11 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> ruddle—also <b><span class="nw">Radd′le</span></b>, <b><span class="nw">Redd′le</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rudd′leman</span></b>=<i>Reddleman</i>. [A.S. - <i>rudu</i>, redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> + <i>rudu</i>, redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> <p><b>Ruddoc</b>, <b>Ruddock</b>, rud′uk, <i>n.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) the redbreast: a gold coin: a kind of apple. [A.S. - <i>rudduc</i>—<i>rudu</i>, redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> + <i>rudduc</i>—<i>rudu</i>, redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> <p><b>Ruddy</b>, rud′i (<i>comp.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rudd′ier</span></b>, <i>superl.</i> <b><span @@ -50968,7 +50930,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">-duck</span></b>, an American duck with wedge-shaped tail; <b><span class="nw">Rudd′y-rudd′er</span></b>, the long-eared sun-fish. [A.S. <i>rudig</i>, <i>rudi</i>—<i>rudu</i>, - redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> + redness—<i>reád</i>, red.]</p> <p><b>Rude</b>, rōōd (<i>comp.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ru′der</span></b>, <i>superl.</i> <b><span @@ -50993,8 +50955,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b><span class="nw">Ruderā′tion</span></b>, the act of paving with small stones and mortar. [L. <i>rudus</i>, rubbish.]</p> - <p><b>Rudesheimer</b>, rü′des-hī-mėr, <i>n.</i> one of - the white Rhine wines highly esteemed—named from <i>Rüdesheim</i> + <p><b>Rudesheimer</b>, rü′des-hī-mėr, <i>n.</i> one of + the white Rhine wines highly esteemed—named from <i>Rüdesheim</i> on the Rhine, opposite Bingen.</p> <p><b>Rudge</b>, ruj, <i>n.</i> (<i>prov.</i>) a partridge.</p> @@ -51040,8 +51002,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> mournful: melancholy.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rue′fully</span></b>.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Rue′fulness</span></b>; <b><span - class="nw">Ru′ing</span></b>, repentance. [A.S. <i>hreówan</i>, to - be sorry for—<i>hreów</i>, sorrow; Ger. <i>reue</i>, Old High Ger. + class="nw">Ru′ing</span></b>, repentance. [A.S. <i>hreówan</i>, to + be sorry for—<i>hreów</i>, sorrow; Ger. <i>reue</i>, Old High Ger. <i>hriuwa</i>, mourning.]</p> <p><b>Ruelle</b>, rōō-el′, <i>n.</i> the space between @@ -51258,7 +51220,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <b>Nisi</b>); As a rule, on the whole; <b>One hour rule</b>, a rule prohibiting members of the United States House of Representatives speaking more than an hour. [O. Fr. <i>reule</i> (Fr. - <i>règle</i>)—L. <i>regula</i>—<i>regĕre</i>, to + <i>règle</i>)—L. <i>regula</i>—<i>regĕre</i>, to rule.]</p> <p><b>Rule</b>, rōōl, <i>n.</i> revelry.—<i>v.i.</i> to @@ -51332,9 +51294,9 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> class="nw">Ru′minal</span></b>.—<i>n.</i> an animal that chews the cud, as the ox, &c.—<i>n.pl.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ruminan′tia</span></b>, the even-toed or Artiodactyl - Ungulates, which chew the cud—the <i>Tragulidæ</i>, often called + Ungulates, which chew the cud—the <i>Tragulidæ</i>, often called musk-deer; the <i>Cotylophora</i>, including antelopes, sheep, goats, - oxen, giraffes, deer; the <i>Camelidæ</i>, or camels and + oxen, giraffes, deer; the <i>Camelidæ</i>, or camels and llamas.—<i>adv.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ru′minantly</span></b>.—<i>v.i.</i> <b><span class="nw">Ru′mināte</span></b>, to chew the cud: to @@ -51363,8 +51325,8 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> of unclaimed goods. [<i>Room-age.</i>]</p> <p><b>Rummer</b>, rum′ėr, <i>n.</i> a large drinking-glass. - [Dut. <i>roemer</i>; Ger. <i>römer</i>—prob. from such being used - in the <i>Römersaal</i> at Frankfurt.]</p> + [Dut. <i>roemer</i>; Ger. <i>römer</i>—prob. from such being used + in the <i>Römersaal</i> at Frankfurt.]</p> <p><b>Rummy</b>, rum′i, <i>adj.</i> rum: queer.</p> @@ -51545,7 +51507,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> Teutonic nations, or to their characters.—<i>ns.</i> <b><span class="nw">Runol′ogist</span></b>, one versed in Runic remains; <b><span class="nw">Runol′ogy</span></b>.—<b>Runic knots</b>, - a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. <i>rún</i>, a secret. The word is + a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. <i>rún</i>, a secret. The word is found in M. E. <i>rounen</i>, to whisper, and is cog. with Old High Ger. <i>runa</i>, a secret, Goth. <i>runa</i>, secret.]</p> @@ -51580,7 +51542,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Rupee</b>, rōō-pē′, <i>n.</i> an East Indian silver coin, nominally worth about 2s.—at present about 1s. - 4½d. [Hind. <i>rūpīyah</i>—Sans. <i>rūpya</i>, + 4½d. [Hind. <i>rūpīyah</i>—Sans. <i>rūpya</i>, silver.]</p> <p><b>Rupert's-drop</b>, rōō′perts-drop, <i>n.</i> a @@ -51591,7 +51553,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> rock-inhabiting. [L. <i>rupes</i>, a rock.]</p> <p><b>Rupia</b>, rōō′pi-a, <i>n.</i> a severe form of - skin disease, with flattish distinct <i>bullæ</i> or blebs, containing a + skin disease, with flattish distinct <i>bullæ</i> or blebs, containing a serous, purulent, or sanious fluid, becoming thick scabs. [Gr. <i>hrypos</i>, filth.]</p> @@ -51605,7 +51567,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> [L. <i>rupes</i>, a rock, <i>colĕre</i>, to inhabit.]</p> <p><b>Ruppia</b>, rup′i-a, <i>n.</i> a genus of monocotyledonous - plants of the order <i>Naiadaceæ</i>—to which <i>Ditch</i> or + plants of the order <i>Naiadaceæ</i>—to which <i>Ditch</i> or <i>Tassel grass</i> belongs. [From the 18th-cent. German botanist H. B. <i>Ruppius</i>.]</p> @@ -51647,7 +51609,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> water-nymph.</p> <p><b>Ruscus</b>, rus′kus, <i>n.</i> a genus of monocotyledonous - plants of the order <i>Liliaceæ</i>—containing <i>Butcher's + plants of the order <i>Liliaceæ</i>—containing <i>Butcher's broom</i>, <i>Shepherd's myrtle</i>, &c. [L. <i>ruscum</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ruse</b>, rōōz, <i>n.</i> a turning or doubling, as of @@ -51897,7 +51859,7 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> stems of rye; <b><span class="nw">Rye′-wolf</span></b>, an evil creature of German folklore lurking in the rye-fields; <b><span class="nw">Rye′-worm</span></b>, an insect which devours the stems - of rye. [A.S. <i>ryge</i>; Ice. <i>rúgr</i>, Ger. <i>rocken</i>, + of rye. [A.S. <i>ryge</i>; Ice. <i>rúgr</i>, Ger. <i>rocken</i>, <i>roggen</i>.]</p> <p><b>Ryfe</b>, rīf, <i>adj.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>). Same as @@ -51925,386 +51887,6 @@ EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY'</span></p> <p><b>Ryve</b>, rīv, <i>v.t.</i> (<i>Spens.</i>) to pierce. [<i>Rive.</i>]</p> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chambers's Twentieth Century -Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R), by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R) - -Author: Various - -Editor: Thomas Davidson - -Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38699] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. DICTIONARY (N-R) *** - - - - -Produced by Colin Bell, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - -Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they -are listed at the end of the text. - - * * * * * - - -In this version [=e] signifies "e macron"; [)e] "e breve"; [.e] "e with dot -above"; [:a] "a with diaeresis"; ['e] "e with acute"; [`e] "with grave"; -[^e] "with circumflex"; and so forth. - -CHAMBERS'S -TWENTIETH CENTURY DICTIONARY -OF THE -ENGLISH LANGUAGE - -PRONOUNCING, EXPLANATORY, ETYMOLOGICAL, WITH COMPOUND PHRASES, -TECHNICAL TERMS IN USE IN THE ARTS AND SCIENCES, -COLLOQUIALISMS, FULL APPENDICES, AND -COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED - -EDITED BY -REV. THOMAS DAVIDSON -ASSISTANT-EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA' -EDITOR OF 'CHAMBERS'S ENGLISH DICTIONARY' - -LONDON: 47 Paternoster Row -W. & R. CHAMBERS, LIMITED -EDINBURGH: 339 High Street -1908 - -EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT. - -THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE WORDS.--Every word is given in its _alphabetical_ -order, except in cases where, to save space, derivatives are given after -and under the words from which they are derived. Each uncompounded verb has -its participles, when irregular, placed after it. Exceptional plurals are -also given. When a word stands after another, with no meaning given, its -meanings can be at once formed from those of the latter, by adding the -signification of the affix: thus the meanings of _Darkness_ are obtained by -prefixing the meaning of _ness_, _state of being_, to those of _Dark_. - -Many words from French and other tongues, current in English usage, but not -yet fairly Anglicised, are inserted in the list of Foreign Phrases, &c., at -the end, rather than in the body of the Dictionary. - -THE PRONUNCIATION.--The Pronunciation is given immediately after each word, -by the word being spelled anew. In this new spelling, every consonant used -has its ordinary unvarying sound, _no consonant being employed that has -more than one sound_. The same sounds are always represented by the same -letters, no matter how varied their actual spelling in the language. No -consonant used has any mark attached to it, with the one exception of _th_, -which is printed in common letters when sounded as in _thick_, but in -italics when sounded as in _th_en. _Unmarked vowels_ have always their -short sounds, as in _lad_, _led_, _lid_, _lot_, _but_, _book_. The _marked -vowels_ are shown in the following line, which is printed at the top of -each page:-- - -f[=a]te, f[:a]r; m[=e], h[.e]r; m[=i]ne; m[=o]te; m[=u]te; m[=oo]n; _th_en. - -The vowel _u_ when marked thus, _[:u]_, has the sound heard in Scotch -_bluid_, _gude_, the French _du_, almost that of the German _[:u]_ in -_M[:u]ller_. Where more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that -which is placed first is more accepted. - -THE SPELLING.--When more than one form of a word is given, that which is -placed first is the spelling in current English use. Unfortunately our -modern spelling does not represent the English we actually speak, but -rather the language of the 16th century, up to which period, generally -speaking, English spelling was mainly phonetic, like the present German. -The fundamental principle of all rational spelling is no doubt the -representation of every sound by an invariable symbol, but in modern -English the usage of pronunciation has drifted far from the conventional -forms established by a traditional orthography, with the result that the -present spelling of our written speech is to a large extent a mere exercise -of memory, full of confusing anomalies and imperfections, and involving an -enormous and unnecessary strain on the faculties of learners. Spelling -reform is indeed an imperative necessity, but it must proceed with a wise -moderation, for, in the words of Mr Sweet, 'nothing can be done without -unanimity, and until the majority of the community are convinced of the -superiority of some one system unanimity is impossible.' The true path of -progress should follow such wisely moderate counsels as those of Dr J. A. -H. Murray:--the dropping of the final or inflexional silent _e_; the -restoration of the historical _-t_ after breath consonants; uniformity in -the employment of double consonants, as in _traveler_, &c.; the discarding -of _ue_ in words like _demagogue_ and _catalogue_; the uniform levelling of -the agent _-our_ into _-or_; the making of _ea = [)e]_ short into _e_ and -the long _ie_ into _ee_; the restoration of _some_, _come_, _tongue_, to -their old English forms, _sum_, _cum_, _tung_; a more extended use of _z_ -in the body of words, as _chozen_, _praize_, _raize_; and the correction of -the worst individual monstrosities, as _foreign_, _scent_, _scythe_, -_ache_, _debt_, _people_, _parliament_, _court_, _would_, _sceptic_, -_phthisis_, _queue_, _schedule_, _twopence-halfpenny_, _yeoman_, _sieve_, -_gauge_, _barque_, _buoy_, _yacht_, &c. - -Already in America a moderate degree of spelling reform may be said to be -established in good usage, by the adoption of _-or_ for _-our_, as _color_, -_labor_, &c.; of _-er_ for _-re_, as _center_, _meter_, &c.; _-ize_ for -_-ise_, as _civilize_, &c.; the use of a uniform single consonant after an -unaccented vowel, as _traveler_ for _traveller_; the adoption of _e_ for -_oe_ or _ae_ in _hemorrhage_, _diarrhea_, &c. - -THE MEANINGS.--The current and most important meaning of a word is usually -given first. But in cases like _Clerk_, _Livery_, _Marshal_, where the -force of the word can be made much clearer by tracing its history, the -original meaning is also given, and the successive variations of its usage -defined. - -THE ETYMOLOGY.--The Etymology of each word is given after the meanings, -within brackets. Where further information regarding a word is given -elsewhere, it is so indicated by a reference. It must be noted under the -etymology that whenever a word is printed thus, BAN, BASE, the student is -referred to it; also that here the sign--is always to be read as meaning -'derived from.' Examples are generally given of words that are cognate or -correspond to the English words; but it must be remembered that they are -inserted merely for illustration. Such words are usually separated from the -rest by a semicolon. For instance, when an English word is traced to its -Anglo-Saxon form, and then a German word is given, no one should suppose -that our English word is derived from the German. German and Anglo-Saxon -are alike branches from a common Teutonic stem, and have seldom borrowed -from each other. Under each word the force of the prefix is usually given, -though not the affix. For fuller explanation in such cases the student is -referred to the list of Prefixes and Suffixes in the Appendix. - - * * * * * - - -LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS DICTIONARY. - - _aor._ aorist. - _abbrev._ abbreviation. - _abl._ ablative. - _acc._ according. - _accus._ accusative. - _adj._ adjective. - _adv._ adverb. - _agri._ agriculture. - _alg._ algebra. - _anat._ anatomy. - _app._ apparently. - _arch._ archaic. - _archit._ architecture. - _arith._ arithmetic. - _astrol._ astrology. - _astron._ astronomy. - _attrib._ attributive. - _augm._ augmentative. - _B._ Bible. - _biol._ biology. - _book-k._ book-keeping. - _bot._ botany. - _c._ (_circa_) about. - _c._, _cent._ century. - _carp._ carpentry. - _cf._ compare. - _chem._ chemistry. - _cog._ cognate. - _coll._, _colloq._ colloquially. - _comp._ comparative. - _conch._ conchology. - _conj._ conjunction. - _conn._ connected. - _contr._ contracted. - _cook._ cookery. - _corr._ corruption. - _crystal._ crystallography. - _dat._ dative. - _demons._ demonstrative. - _der._ derivation. - _dial._ dialect, dialectal. - _Dict._ Dictionary. - _dim._ diminutive. - _dub._ doubtful. - _eccles._ ecclesiastical history. - _e.g._ for example. - _elect._ electricity. - _entom._ entomology. - _esp._ especially. - _ety._ etymology. - _fem._ feminine. - _fig._ figuratively. - _fol._ followed; following. - _fort._ fortification. - _freq._ frequentative. - _fut._ future. - _gen._ genitive. - _gener._ generally. - _geog._ geography. - _geol._ geology. - _geom._ geometry. - _ger._ gerundive. - _gram._ grammar. - _gun._ gunnery. - _her._ heraldry. - _hist._ history. - _hort._ horticulture. - _hum._ humorous. - _i.e._ that is. - _imit._ imitative. - _imper._ imperative. - _impers._ impersonal. - _indic._ indicative. - _infin._ infinitive. - _inten._ intensive. - _interj._ interjection. - _interrog._ interrogative. - _jew._ jewellery. - _lit._ literally. - _mach._ machinery. - _masc._ masculine. - _math._ mathematics. - _mech._ mechanics. - _med._ medicine. - _metaph._ metaphysics. - _mil._ military. - _Milt._ Milton. - _min._ mineralogy. - _mod._ modern. - _Mt._ Mount. - _mus._ music. - _myth._ mythology. - _n._, _ns._ noun, nouns. - _nat. hist._ natural history. - _naut._ nautical. - _neg._ negative. - _neut._ neuter. - _n.pl._ noun plural. - _n.sing._ noun singular. - _N.T._ New Testament. - _obs._ obsolete. - _opp._ opposed. - _opt._ optics. - _orig._ originally. - _ornith._ ornithology. - _O.S._ old style. - _O.T._ Old Testament. - _p._, _part._ participle. - _p.adj._ participial adjective. - _paint._ painting. - _paleog._ paleography. - _paleon._ paleontology. - _palm._ palmistry. - _pa.p._ past participle. - _pass._ passive. - _pa.t._ past tense. - _path._ pathology. - _perf._ perfect. - _perh._ perhaps. - _pers._ person. - _pfx._ prefix. - _phil._, _philos._ philosophy. - _philol._ philology. - _phon._ phonetics. - _phot._ photography. - _phrenol._ phrenology. - _phys._ physics. - _physiol._ physiology. - _pl._ plural. - _poet._ poetical. - _pol. econ._ political economy. - _poss._ possessive. - _Pr.Bk._ Book of Common - Prayer. - _pr.p._ present participle. - _prep._ preposition. - _pres._ present. - _print._ printing. - _priv._ privative. - _prob._ probably. - _Prof._ Professor. - _pron._ pronoun; - pronounced; - pronunciation. - _prop._ properly. - _pros._ prosody. - _prov._ provincial. - _q.v._ which see. - _R.C._ Roman Catholic. - _recip._ reciprocal. - _redup._ reduplication. - _refl._ reflexive. - _rel._ related; relative. - _rhet._ rhetoric. - _sculp._ sculpture. - _Shak._ Shakespeare. - _sig._ signifying. - _sing._ singular. - _spec._ specifically. - _Spens_. Spenser. - _subj._ subjunctive. - _suff._ suffix. - _superl._ superlative. - _surg._ surgery. - _term._ termination. - _teleg._ telegraphy. - _Tenn._ Tennyson. - _Test._ Testament. - _theat._ theatre; theatricals. - _theol._ theology. - _trig._ trigonometry. - _ult._ ultimately. - _v.i._ verb intransitive. - _voc._ vocative. - _v.t._ verb transitive. - _vul._ vulgar. - _zool._ zoology. - - * * * * * - - Amer. American. - Ar. Arabic. - A.S. Anglo-Saxon. - Austr. Australian. - Bav. Bavarian. - Beng. Bengali. - Bohem. Bohemian. - Braz. Brazilian. - Bret. Breton. - Carib. Caribbean. - Celt. Celtic. - Chal. Chaldean. - Chin. Chinese. - Corn. Cornish. - Dan. Danish. - Dut. Dutch. - Egypt. Egyptian. - Eng. English. - Finn. Finnish. - Flem. Flemish. - Fr. French. - Fris. Frisian. - Gael. Gaelic. - Ger. German. - Goth. Gothic. - Gr. Greek. - Heb. Hebrew. - Hind. Hindustani. - Hung. Hungarian. - Ice. Icelandic. - Ind. Indian. - Ion. Ionic. - Ir. Irish. - It. Italian. - Jap. Japanese. - Jav. Javanese. - L. Latin. - Lith. Lithuanian. - L. L. Low or Late Latin. - M. E. Middle English. - Mex. Mexican. - Norm. Norman. - Norw. Norwegian. - O. Fr. Old French. - Pers. Persian. - Peruv. Peruvian. - Pol. Polish. - Port. Portuguese. - Prov. Provencal. - Rom. Romance. - Russ. Russian - Sans. Sanskrit. - Scand. Scandinavian. - Scot. Scottish. - Singh. Singhalese. - Slav. Slavonic. - Sp. Spanish. - Sw. Swedish. - Teut. Teutonic. - Turk. Turkish. - U.S. United States. - W. Welsh. - - * * * * * - - -CHAMBERS'S -TWENTIETH CENTURY -DICTIONARY. - - * * * * * - -N the fourteenth letter and eleventh consonant of our alphabet, a -nasal-dental: (_chem._) the symbol for nitrogen: (_math._) an indefinite -constant whole number, esp. the degree of a quantic or an equation: as a -numeral, formerly, N=90, and ([=N])=90,000. - -NA, n[:a], a Scotch form of _no_. - -NAB, nab, _v.t._ to seize suddenly:--_pr.p._ nab'bing; _pa.p._ nabbed. [Sw. -_nappa_; Dan. _nappe_, to catch.] - -NAB, nab, _n._ a hill-top: the projecting cavity fixed to the jamb of a -door to receive the latch or bolt: (_obs._) a hat. [For _knab_=_knap_.] - -NABATAEAN, nab-a-t[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to a once powerful Arab -people who formerly dwelt on the east and south-east of Palestine, -identified by some with the _Nebaioth_ of Isa. lx. 7, the _Nabathites_ of 1 -Maccab. v. 25.--Also NABATH[=E]'AN. - -NABK, nabk, _n._ one of the plants in the crown of thorns (_Zizyphus -Spina-Christi_). [Prob. Ar.] - -NABOB, n[=a]'bob, _n._ a deputy or governor under the Mogul Empire: a -European who has enriched himself in the East: any man of great wealth. -[Corr. of Hind. _naww[^a]b_, a deputy, from Ar. _naww[=a]b_, pl. (used as -sing.) of _n[=a]ib_, a deputy.] - -NACARAT, nak'a-rat, _n._ a light-red colour, scarlet: a fabric of this -colour. [Fr.] - -NACKET, nak'et, _n._ (_Scot._) a small cake, luncheon. - -NACRE, n[=a]'kr, _n._ mother-of-pearl.--_adj._ iridescent.--_adj._ -N[=A]'CREOUS, consisting of nacre: having a pearly lustre. [Fr.,--Ar. -_nak[=i]r_, hollowed.] - -NADIR, n[=a]'dir, _n._ the point of the heavens diametrically opposite to -the zenith: the lowest point of anything. [Fr.,--Ar. _naz[=i]r_, from -_nazara_, to be like.] - -NAEVUS, n[=e]'vus, _n._ a birth-mark: a congenital growth strictly on a -part of the skin, whether a _pigmentary naevus_ or mole, or a _vascular -naevus_ or overgrowth of capillary blood-vessels--also _Mother-spot_ or -_Birth-mark_--also NAEVE, NEVE:--_pl._ NAE'V[=I].--_adjs._ NAE'VOID, -NAE'VOUS, NAE'VOSE. [L.] - -NAG, nag, _n._ a horse, but particularly a small one--(_Scot._) NAIG: -(_Shak._) a jade. [M. E. _nagge_--Mid. Dut. _negge_, _negghe_ (mod. Dut. -_negge_); cf. _Neigh._] - -NAG, nag, _v.t._ to worry or annoy continually: to tease or vex: to find -fault with constantly:--_pr.p._ nag'ging; _pa.p._ nagged.--_n._ NAG'GER. -[Cf. _Gnaw_.] - -NAGA, n[:a]'ga, _n._ the name of deified serpents in Hindu mythology. - -NAGARI. See DEVA-NAGARI. - -NAIAD, n[=a]'yad, _n._ a water-nymph or a goddess, presiding over rivers -and springs:--_pl._ NAI'ADES. [L. and Gr. _naias_, _naiados_, from _naein_, -to flow.] - -NAIANT, n[=a]'yant, _adj._ floating: (_her._) swimming, as a fish placed -horizontally across a shield. [L. _nans_, _nantis_, pr.p. of _nat[=a]re_, -to swim.] - -NAIF, n[:a]-[=e]f', NAIVE, n[:a]-[=e]v', _adj._ with natural or unaffected -simplicity, esp. in thought, manners, or speech: artless: -ingenuous.--_adv._ NAIVE'LY.--_n._ NAIVET['E] (n[:a]-[=e]v-t[=a]'), natural -simplicity and unreservedness of thought, manner, or speech. [Fr. _naif_, -fem, _naive_--L. _nativus_, native--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] - -NAIL, n[=a]l, _n._ one of the flattened, elastic, horny plates placed as -protective coverings on the dorsal surface of the terminal phalanges of the -fingers and toes: the claw of a bird or other animal: a thin pointed piece -of metal for fastening wood: a measure of length (2-1/4 inches):--_v.t._ to -fasten with nails: to make certain: to confirm, pin down, hold fast: to -catch or secure through promptitude; to trip up or expose.--_ns._ -NAIL'-BRUSH, a small brush for cleaning the nails; NAIL'ER, one whose trade -is to make nails; NAIL'ERY, a place where nails are made.--_adj._ -NAIL'-HEAD'ED, having a head like that of a nail: formed like nail-heads, -said of ornamental marks on cloth and on certain kinds of mouldings -(_dog-tooth_).--_n._ NAIL'-ROD, a strip cut from an iron plate to be made -into nails: a trade name for a strong kind of manufactured tobacco.--NAIL -TO THE COUNTER, to expose publicly as false, from the habit of nailing a -counterfeit coin to a shop counter.--DRIVE A NAIL IN ONE'S COFFIN (see -COFFIN); HIT THE NAIL ON THE HEAD, to touch the exact point; ON THE NAIL, -on the spot: immediately: without delay. [A.S. _naegel_; Ger. _nagel_.] - -NAINSELL, n[=a]n'sel, _n._ own self--_Highland Scotch_. - -NAINSOOK, n[=a]n's[=oo]k, _n._ a kind of muslin like jaconet, both plain -and striped. [Hind.] - -NAISSANT, n[=a]s'sant, _adj._ (_her._) rising or coming forth, as an animal -newly born or about to be born. [Fr., pr.p. of _na[^i]tre_--L. _nasci_, -_natus_, to be born.] - -NAIVE. See NAIF. - -NAKED, n[=a]'ked, _adj._ without clothes: uncovered: open to view: -unconcealed: evident: unarmed: defenceless: unprovided: without addition or -ornament: simple: artless: (_bot._) without the usual covering.--_adv._ -N[=A]'KEDLY.--_n._ N[=A]'KEDNESS.--NAKED EYE, the eye unassisted by glasses -of any kind; NAKED LADY, the meadow-saffron.--STARK NAKED, entirely naked. -[A.S. _nacod_; Ger. _nackt_.] - -NAKER, n[=a]'ker, _n._ a kettledrum. [O. Fr.,--Ar.] - -NAM, nam, _n._ an obsolete law term for distraint.--_n._ NAM[=A]'TION. -[A.S. _niman_, pa.t. _nam_, to take.] - -NAMBY-PAMBY, nam'bi-pam'bi, _n._ silly talking or writing.--_adj._ -sentimental, affectedly pretty.--_v.t._ to coddle. [H. Carey's nickname for -_Ambrose_ Philips (1671-1749), from his childish odes to children.] - -NAME, n[=a]m, _n._ that by which a person or a thing is known or called: a -designation: that which is said of a person: reputed character: reputation: -fame: celebrity: remembrance: a race or family: appearance, not reality: -authority: behalf: assumed character of another: (_gram._) a noun.--_v.t._ -to give a name to: to designate: to speak of or to call by name: to mention -for a post or office: to nominate: to mention formally by name a person in -the House of Commons as guilty of disorderly conduct.--_adjs._ NAM'ABLE, -NAME'ABLE; NAME'LESS, without a name: undistinguished: indescribable; -NAME'WORTHY, distinguished.--_adv._ NAME'LESSLY.--_n._ -NAME'LESSNESS.--_adv._ NAME'LY, by name: that is to say.--_ns._ -NAME'-PLATE, a plate of metal having on it the name of a person, usually -affixed to a door or a gate; NAM'ER; NAME'SAKE, one bearing the same name -as another for his sake.--NAME THE DAY, to fix a day, esp. for a -marriage.--CALL NAMES, to nickname; CHRISTIAN NAME (see CHRISTIAN); IN NAME -OF, on behalf of: by the authority of; PROPER NAME, a name given to a -particular person, place, or thing; TAKE A NAME IN VAIN, to use a name -lightly or profanely. [A.S. _nama_; Ger. _name_; L. _nomen_.] - -NANCY, nan'si, _n._ an effeminate young man, often a 'Miss Nancy.'--NANCY -PRETTY, a corruption of _none so pretty_, the _Saxifraga umbrosa_. - -NANDINE, nan'din, _n._ a small West African paradoxure, with spotted sides. - -NANDU, NANDOO, nan'd[=oo], _n._ the South American ostrich. - -NANISM, n[=a]'nizm, _n._ dwarfishness.--_n._ NANIS[=A]'TION, the artificial -dwarfing of trees.--_adj._ N[=A]'NOID. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _nanos_, a dwarf.] - -NANKEEN, nan-k[=e]n', _n._ a buff-coloured cotton cloth first made at -_Nankin_ in China: (_pl._) clothes, esp. breeches, made of nankeen.--Also -NANKIN'. - -NANNY, nan'i, _n._ a female goat.--Also NANN'Y-GOAT. - -NAP, nap, _n._ a short sleep.--_v.i._ to take a short sleep: to feel drowsy -and secure:--_pr.p._ nap'ping; _pa.p._ napped.--CATCH NAPPING, to come upon -unprepared. [A.S. _hnappian_; cf. Ger. _nicken_, to nod.] - -NAP, nap, _n._ the woolly substance on the surface of cloth: the downy -covering of plants.--_v.t._ to raise a nap on.--_ns._ NAP'-M[=E]'TER, a -machine for testing the wearing strength of cloth; NAP'PINESS.--_adj._ -NAP'PY. [M. E. _noppe_: the same as _knop_.] - -NAP, nap, _n._ a game of cards--_Napoleon_ (q.v.). - -NAP, nap, _v.t._ to seize, to take hold of, steal. - -NAPE, n[=a]p, _n._ the back upper part of the neck, perhaps so called from -the knob or projecting point of the neck behind. [_Knap_, _knob_.] - -NAPERY, n[=a]'per-i, _n._ linen, esp. for the table: table-cloths, napkins, -&c. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _naparia_--_napa, a cloth_--L. _mappa_, a napkin.] - -NAPHTHA, naf'tha, or nap'tha, _n._ a clear, inflammable liquid distilled -from petroleum, wood, coal-tar, &c.: rock-oil.--_n._ NAPH'THALENE, a -grayish-white, inflammable substance obtained by the distillation of -coal-tar.--_adj._ NAPHTHAL'IC, pertaining to, or derived from, -naphthalene.--_v.t._ NAPH'THALISE.--_ns._ NAPH'THOL, NAPHTHYL'AMINE. -[L.,--Gr.,--Ar. _naft_.] - -NAPIERIAN, n[=a]-p[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to John _Napier_ of -Merchiston (1550-1617), the inventor of logarithms.--NAPIER'S BONES, or -RODS, an invention of Napier's for performing mechanically the operations -of multiplication and division, by means of sets of rods. - -NAPIFORM, n[=a]p'i-form, _adj._ shaped like a turnip: large and round above -and slender below.--_adj._ NAPIF[=O]'LIOUS, with leaves like the turnip. -[L. _napus_, a turnip.] - -NAPKIN, nap'kin, _n._ a cloth for wiping the hands: a handkerchief.--_n._ -NAP'KIN-RING, a ring in which a table-napkin is rolled. [Dim. of Fr. -_nappe_.] - -NAPLESS, nap'les, _adj._ without nap: threadbare. - -NAPLES-YELLOW, n[=a]'plz-yel'l[=o], _n._ a light-yellow pigment consisting -of antimoniate of lead, originally made in Italy by a secret process. - -NAPOLEON, na-p[=o]'l[=e]-on, _n._ a French gold coin worth 20 francs, or -about 15s. 10-1/2d.: a French modification of the game of euchre, each -player receiving five cards and playing for himself: a kind of rich iced -cake.--_adj._ NAPOLEON'IC, relating to _Napoleon I_. or _III_., the Great -or the Little.--_ns._ NAP[=O]'LEONISM; NAP[=O]'LEONIST.--GO NAP, to declare -all five tricks--success rewarded by double payment all round. - -NAPPY, nap'i, _adj._ heady, strong: tipsy.--_n._ strong ale. [Prob. from -_nap_, a sleep.] - -NAPPY, nap'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) brittle. [Cf. _Knap._] - -NAPRON, nap'ron, _n._ (_Spens._) an apron. - -NARCISSUS, nar-sis'us, _n._ a genus of plants of the Amaryllis family, -comprising the daffodils. [L.,--Gr. _narkissos_--_nark[=e]_, torpor.] - -NARCOLEPSY, nar'k[=o]-lep-si, _n._ a nervous disorder marked by frequent -short attacks of irresistible drowsiness. - -NARCOTIC, nar-kot'ik, _adj._ having power to produce torpor, sleep, or -deadness.--_n._ a medicine producing sleep or stupor.--_n._ NARC[=O]'SIS, -the stupefying effect of a narcotic.--_adv._ NARCOT'ICALLY.--_n._ -NAR'COTINE, one of the organic bases or alkaloids occurring in -opium.--_v.t._ NAR'COTISE.--_n._ NAR'COTISM, the influence of narcotics, or -the effects produced by their use. [Fr.,--Gr. _nark[=e]_, torpor.] - -NARD, n[:a]rd, _n._ an aromatic plant usually called _Spikenard_: an -ointment prepared from it.--_adj._ NARD'INE. [Fr.,--L. _nardus_--Gr. -_nardos_--Pers. _nard_--Sans. _nalada_, from Sans. _nal_, to smell.] - -NARDOO, n[:a]r-d[=oo]', _n._ an Australian cryptogamic plant whose -spore-cases are eaten by the natives. - -NARDUS, n[:a]r'dus, _n._ a genus of grasses, having but one species, -_Nardus stricta_, mat-grass. - -NARGHILE, n[:a]r'gi-le, _n._ an Eastern tobacco-pipe, in which the smoke is -passed through water.--Also NAR'GILE, NAR'GILEH, NAR'GILI. [Pers.] - -NARIS, n[=a]'ris, _n._ a nostril:--_pl._ N[=A]'RES.--_adjs._ NAR'IAL, -NAR'INE.--_n._ NAR'ICORN, the horny nasal sheath of the beak of some -birds.--_adj._ NAR'IFORM. [L.] - -NARRATE, na-r[=a]t', or nar'-, _v.t._ to tell, to give an account -of.--_adj._ NARR'ABLE, capable of being told.--_n._ NARR[=A]'TION, act of -telling: that which is told: an orderly account of what has -happened.--_adj._ NARR'ATIVE, narrating: giving an account of any -occurrence: inclined to narration: story-telling.--_n._ that which is -narrated: a continued account of any occurrence: story.--_adv._ -NARR'ATIVELY.--_n._ NARR[=A]'TOR, one who narrates: one who tells or states -facts, &c.--_adj._ NARR'ATORY, like narrative: consisting of narrative. -[Fr.,--L. _narr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_gn[=a]rus_, knowing.] - -NARRE, n[:a]r, _adj._ (_Spens._) an older form of _near_. - -NARROW, nar'[=o], _adj._ of little breadth: of small extent from side to -side: limited: contracted in mind: bigoted: not liberal: selfish: within a -small distance: almost too small: close: accurate: careful.--_n._ (oftener -used in the _pl._) a narrow passage, channel, or strait.--_v.t._ to make -narrow: to contract or confine.--_v.i._ to become narrow: to reduce the -number of stitches in knitting.--_adj._ NARR'OW-GAUGE, denoting a railroad -of less width than 4 ft. 8-1/2 in.--_n._ NARR'OWING, the act of making less -in breadth: the state of being contracted: the part of anything which is -made narrower.--_adv._ NARR'OWLY.--_adj._ NARR'OW-MIND'ED, of a narrow or -illiberal mind.--_ns._ NARR'OW-MIND'EDNESS; NARR'OWNESS.--_adjs._ -NARR'OW-PRY'ING (_Shak._), scrutinising closely, inquisitive; -NARR'OW-SOULED, illiberal.--NARROW CLOTH, cloth, esp. woollen, of less than -54 inches in width; NARROW WORK, in mining, the making of passages, -air-shafts, &c. [A.S. _nearu_; not conn. with _near_, but prob. with -_nerve_, _snare_.] - -NARTHEX, nar'theks, _n._ a former genus of umbelliferous plants, now -included in _Ferula_: a portico or lobby in an early Christian or Oriental -church or basilica. [L.,--Gr., _narth[=e]x_.] - -NARWHAL, n[:a]r'hwal, NARWAL, n[:a]r'wal, _n._ the sea-unicorn, a mammal of -the whale family with one large projecting tusk. [Dan. _narhval_--Ice. -_n['a]hvalr_, 'corpse-whale,' from the creature's pallid colour (Ice. -_n['a]r_, corpse).] - -NARY, ner'i, a provincial corruption of _ne'er a_, _never a_. - -NAS, nas, an obsolete corruption of _ne has_; of _ne was_. - -NASAL, n[=a]'zal, _adj._ belonging to the nose: affected by, or sounded -through, the nose.--_n._ a letter or sound uttered through the nose: the -nose-piece in a helmet.--_n._ NASALIS[=A]'TION, the act of uttering with a -nasal sound.--_v.i._ N[=A]'SALISE, to render nasal, as a sound: to insert a -nasal letter into.--_n._ NASAL'ITY.--_adv._ N[=A]'SALLY, by or through the -nose.--_adjs._ N[=A]'SICORN, having a horn on the nose, as a rhinoceros; -N[=A]'SIFORM, nose-shaped.--_n._ N[=A]'SION, the median point of the -naso-frontal suture.--_adjs._ NASOB[=A]'SAL, pertaining to the nose and -base of the skull; NASOC'ULAR, pertaining to the nose and eye, nasorbital; -NASOFRON'TAL, pertaining to the nasal bone and the frontal bone; -NASOL[=A]'BIAL, pertaining to the nose and the upper lip; NASOLAC'RYMAL, -pertaining to the nose and to tears, as the duct which carries tears from -the eyes to the nose; NASOPAL'ATINE, pertaining to the nose and to the -palate or palate-bones. [Fr.,--L. _nasus_, the nose.] - -NASARD, naz'ard, _n._ a mutation-stop in organ-building.--Also NAS'ARDE. - -NASCENT, nas'ent, _adj._ springing up: arising: beginning to exist or to -grow.--_n._ NAS'CENCY, the beginning of production: birth or origin. [L. -_nascens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] - -NASEBERRY, n[=a]z'ber-i, _n._ an American tropical tree.--Also NEES'BERRY, -NIS'BERRY. [Sp. _n['i]spero_--L. _mespilus_, medlar.] - -NASTURTIUM, nas-tur'shi-um, _n._ the water-cress. [L., _nasus_, the nose, -_torqu[=e]re_, _tortum_, to twist.] - -NASTY, nas'ti, _adj._ dirty: filthy: obscene: disagreeable to the taste or -smell: difficult to deal with: ill-natured: nauseous.--_adv._ -NAS'TILY.--_n._ NAS'TINESS. [Old form _nasky_, soft; cf. prov. Swed. -_snaskig_, nasty, Low Ger. _nask_, nasty.] - -NASUTE, n[=a]-s[=u]t', _adj._ having a long snout: keen-scented. - -NATAL, n[=a]'tal, _adj._ pertaining to the nates or buttocks.--_n.pl._ -N[=A]'TES, the buttocks.--_adj._ NAT'IFORM. [L. _natis_, the rump.] - -NATAL, n[=a]'tal, _adj._ pertaining to birth: native: presiding over -birthdays.--_adj._ NATALI'TIAL, pertaining to a birthday.--_n._ NATAL'ITY, -birth-rate. [Fr.,--L. _natalis_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] - -NATANT, n[=a]'tant, _adj._ floating on the surface, as leaves of -water-plants: (_her._) in a horizontal position, as if swimming.--_n._ -NAT[=A]'TION, swimming.--_n.pl._ NATAT[=O]'RES, the swimming-birds.--_adj._ -NATAT[=O]'RIAL, swimming: adapted to swim.--_n._ NATAT[=O]'RIUM, a -swimming-school.--_adj._ N[=A]'TATORY, pertaining to swimming: having the -habit of swimming. [L. _natans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _nat[=a]re_, inten. of -_n[=a]re_, to swim.] - -NATCH, nach, _n._ (_prov._) the rump. - -NATCH, nach, _n._ a provincial form of _notch_. - -NATHLESS, nath'les, _adj._ not the less: nevertheless.--Also NATHE'LESS. -[A.S. _n['a] th['y] laes_, not the less.] - -NATHMORE, nath'm[=o]r, _adv._ (_Spens._) not or never the more.--Also -NATH'MOE. [A.S. _n['a] th['y] m['a]ra_.] - -NATION, n[=a]'shun, _n._ a body of people born of the same stock: the -people inhabiting the same country, or under the same government: a race: a -great number: a division of students in a university for voting purposes at -Aberdeen and Glasgow. [Fr.,--L. _nation-em_,--_nasci_, _natus_, to be -born.] - -NATIONAL, nash'un-al, _adj._ pertaining to a nation: public: general: -attached to one's own country.--_n._ NATIONALIS[=A]'TION, the act of -nationalising, as of railways, private property, &c.: the state of being -nationalised.--_v.t._ NAT'IONALISE, to make national: to make a nation -of.--_ns._ NAT'IONALISM; NAT'IONALIST, one who strives after national unity -or independence, esp. as in Ireland for more or less separation from Great -Britain: an advocate of nationalism: NATIONAL'ITY, birth or membership in a -particular country: separate existence as a nation: a nation, race of -people: national character.--_adv._ NAT'IONALLY.--_n._ -NAT'IONALNESS.--NATIONAL AIR, ANTHEM, the popular song by which a people's -patriotic feelings are expressed; NATIONAL CHURCH, the church established -by law in a country; NATIONAL CONVENTION, the sovereign assembly which sat -from Sept. 21, 1792, to Oct. 26, 1795, after the abolition of monarchy in -France; NATIONAL DEBT, money borrowed by the government of a country and -not yet paid; NATIONAL FLAG, or ENSIGN, the principal flag of a country; -NATIONAL GUARD, a force which took part in the French Revolution, first -formed in 1789. - -NATIVE, n[=a]'tiv, _adj._ arising or appearing by birth: produced by -nature: pertaining to the time or place of birth: belonging by birth, -hereditary, natural, original: occurring uncombined with other substances, -as metals.--_n._ one born in any place: an original inhabitant: (_pl._) -oysters raised in artificial beds.--_adv._ N[=A]'TIVELY.--_ns._ -N[=A]'TIVENESS; N[=A]'TIVISM, the belief that the mind possesses some ideas -or forms of thought that are inborn, and not derived from sensation: the -disposition to favour the natives of a country in preference to immigrants; -N[=A]'TIVIST.--_adj._ NATIVIS'TIC.--_n._ NATIV'ITY, state or fact of being -born: time, place, and manner of birth: the birth of Christ, hence the -festival of His birth, Christmas--also a picture representing His birth: -state or place of being produced: a horoscope.--NATIVE ROCK, stone not yet -quarried. [Fr.,--L. _nativus_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] - -NATRIX, n[=a]'triks, _n._ a genus of colubrine snakes. [L.,--_nat[=a]re_, -to swim.] - -NATROLITE, nat'ro-l[=i]t, _n._ one of the most common of the group of -minerals known as Zeolites. - -NATRON, n[=a]'trun, _n._ native carbonate of sodium, or mineral alkali, the -nitre of the Bible.--_n._ NATROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the -quantity of soda in salts of potash and soda. [Fr.,--L. _nitrum_--Gr. -_nitron_.] - -NATTER, nat'[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_prov._) to find fault.--_adjs._ -NATT'ERED, NATT'ERY, peevish. - -NATTERJACK, nat'[.e]r-jak, _n._ a common European toad. [Cf. _Adder_.] - -NATTES, nats, _n.pl._ surface decoration or diaper resembling plaited or -interlaced work. [Fr.] - -NATTY, nat'i, _adj._ trim, tidy, neat, spruce.--_adv._ NATT'ILY.--_n._ -NATT'INESS. [Allied to _neat_.] - -NATURAL, nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ pertaining to, produced by, or according to -nature: inborn: not far-fetched: not acquired: tender: unaffected: in a -state of nature, unregenerate: (_math._) having 1 as the base of the -system, of a function or number: illegitimate: (_mus._) according to the -usual diatonic scale.--_n._ an idiot: (_mus._) a character ([Natural]) -which removes the effect of a preceding sharp or flat: a white key in -keyboard musical instruments.--_adj._ NAT'URAL-BORN, native.--_n.pl._ -NATUR[=A]'LIA, the sexual organs.--_n._ NATURALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ -NAT'URALISE, to make natural or easy: to adapt to a different climate or to -different conditions of life: to grant the privileges of natural-born -subjects to.--_ns._ NAT'URALISM, mere state of nature: a close following of -nature, without idealisation, in painting, sculpture, fiction, &c.: the -belief that natural religion is of itself sufficient; NAT'URALIST, one who -studies nature, more particularly zoology and botany: a believer in -naturalism.--_adj._ NATURALIST'IC, pertaining to, or in accordance with, -nature: belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.--_adv._ NAT'URALLY.--_n._ -NAT'URALNESS.--NATURAL HISTORY, originally the description of all that is -in nature, now used of the sciences that deal with the earth and its -productions--botany, zoology, and mineralogy, esp. zoology; NATURAL LAW, -the sense of right and wrong which arises from the constitution of the mind -of man, as distinguished from the results of revelation or legislation; -NATURAL NUMBERS, the numbers 1, 2, 3, and upwards; NATURAL ORDER, in -botany, an order or division belonging to the natural system of -classification, based on a consideration of all the organs of the plant; -NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, the science of nature, of the physical properties of -bodies: physics; NATURAL SCALE, a scale of music written without sharps or -flats; NATURAL SCIENCE, the science of _nature_, as distinguished from that -of _mind_ (mental and moral science), and from _pure_ science -(mathematics); NATURAL SELECTION, a supposed operation of the laws of -nature, the result of which is the 'survival of the fittest,' as if brought -about by intelligent design; NATURAL SYSTEM, a classification of plants and -animals according to real differences in structure; NATURAL THEOLOGY, or -NATURAL RELIGION, the body of theological truths discoverable by reason -without revelation. - -NATURE, n[=a]'t[=u]r, _n._ the power which creates and which regulates the -material world: the power of growth: the established order of things, the -universe: the qualities of anything which make it what it is: constitution: -species: conformity to nature, truth, or reality: inborn mind, character, -instinct, or disposition: vital power, as of man or animal: course of life: -nakedness: a primitive undomesticated condition.--_adj._ N[=A]'TURED, -having a certain temper or disposition: used in compounds, as -_good-natured_.--_ns._ N[=A]'TURE-D[=E]'ITY, a deity personifying some -force of physical nature; N[=A]'TURE-MYTH, a myth symbolising natural -phenomena; N[=A]'TURE-PRINT'ING, the process of printing in colours from -plates that have been impressed with some object of nature, as a plant, -leaf, &c.; N[=A]'TURE-WOR'SHIP, N[=A]'TURISM, worship of the powers of -nature.--_n._ N[=A]'TURIST.--_adj._ NATURIST'IC.--DEBT OF NATURE, death; -EASE, or RELIEVE, NATURE, to evacuate the bowels. [Fr.,--L. -_natura_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.] - -NAUGHT, nawt, _n._ no-whit, nothing.--_adv._ in no degree.--_adj._ of no -value or account: worthless: bad.--BE NAUGHT, an obsolete form of -malediction; COME TO NAUGHT, to come to nothing, to fail; SET AT NAUGHT, to -treat as of no account, to despise. [Another form of _nought_. A.S. -_n['a]ht_, _n['a]wiht_--_n['a]_, not, _wiht_, a whit.] - -NAUGHTY, nawt'i, _adj._ bad in conduct or speech: mischievous: perverse: -disagreeable.--_adv._ NAUGHT'ILY.--_n._ NAUGHT'INESS. - -NAUMACHY, naw'ma-ki, _n._ a sea-fight: a show representing a -sea-fight.--Also NAUMACH'IA. [Gr. _naus_, a ship, _mach[=e]_, a fight.] - -NAUPLIUS, naw'pli-us, _n._ a stage of development of low Crustaceans, as -cirripeds, &c.:--_pl._ NAU'PLII.--_adjs._ NAU'PLIIFORM, NAU'PLIOID. [L., a -kind of shell-fish--Gr. _Nauplios_, a son of Poseidon, _naus_, a ship, -_plein_, to sail.] - -NAUROPOMETER, naw-r[=o]-pom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring a -ship's heeling or inclination at sea. [Gr. _naus_, a ship, _hrop[=e]_, -inclination, _metron_, measure.] - -NAUSCOPY, naw'skop-i, _n._ the art of sighting ships at great distances. -[Gr. _naus_, a ship, _skopein_, to see.] - -NAUSEA, naw'she-a, _n._ sea-sickness: any sickness of the stomach, with a -tendency to vomit: loathing.--_adj._ NAU'SEANT, producing nausea.--_n._ a -substance having this quality.--_v.i._ NAU'SE[=A]TE, to feel nausea or -disgust.--_v.t._ to loathe: to strike with disgust.--_n._ -NAUSE[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ NAU'SE[=A]TIVE, causing nausea or loathing; -NAU'SEOUS, producing nausea: disgusting: loathsome.--_adv._ -NAU'SEOUSLY.--_n._ NAU'SEOUSNESS. [L.,--Gr. _nausia_, sea-sickness--_naus_, -a ship.] - -NAUTCH, nawch, _n._ a kind of ballet-dance performed by professional -dancers known as NAUTCH'-GIRLS in India: any form of stage entertainment -with dancing. [Hind. _n[=a]ch_, dance.] - -NAUTICAL, naw'tik-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to ships, to sailors, or to -navigation: naval: marine.--_adv._ NAU'TICALLY.--NAUTICAL ALMANAC, an -almanac giving information specially useful to sailors; NAUTICAL MILE, -one-sixtieth of a degree measured at the Equator (=about 2025 yards). [L. -_nauticus_--Gr. _nautikos_--_naus_; cog. with L. _navis_, a ship.] - -NAUTILUS, naw'ti-lus, _n._ a Cephalopod found in the southern seas, once -believed to sail by means of the expanded tentacular arms: a kind of -diving-bell sinking or rising by means of condensed air:--_pl._ -NAU'TILUSES, or NAU'TILI.--_adjs._ NAU'TILIFORM, NAU'TILOID.--PAPER -NAUTILUS, any species of _Argonauta_. [L.,--Gr. _nautilos_, a sailor.] - -NAVAL, n[=a]'val, _adj._ pertaining to ships: consisting of, or possessing, -ships: marine: nautical: belonging to the navy.--NAVAL BRIGADE, a body of -seamen so arranged as to be able to serve on land; NAVAL OFFICER, an -officer on board a man-of-war: a custom-house officer of high rank in the -United States; NAVAL TACTICS, the science and methods of managing and -moving squadrons of ships. [Fr.,--L. _navalis_--_navis_, a ship.] - -NAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ the middle or main body of a church, distinct from the -aisles or wings.--_n._ N[=A]'VARCH, a Greek admiral. [Fr. _nef_--L. -_navis_, a ship.] - -NAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ the hub or piece of wood, &c., in the centre of a wheel, -through which the axle passes.--_v.t._ to form as a nave. [A.S. _nafu_, -nave; cf. Dut. _naaf_, Ger. _nabe_.] - -NAVEL, n[=a]v'l, _n._ the mark or depression in the centre of the lower -part of the abdomen, at first a small projection.--_n._ N[=A]V'EL-STRING, -the umbilical cord. [A.S. _nafela_, dim. of _nafu_, nave.] - -NAVEW, n[=a]'v[=u], _n._ the wild turnip. - -NAVICULAR, nav-ik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to small ships or boats: -(_bot._) boat-shaped: scaphoid.--_n._ a bone in man and animals, so called -from its shape.--_n._ NAVIC'ULA, an incense-boat.--NAVICULAR DISEASE, an -inflammation, often rheumatic, of the small bone--the navicular--in horses, -below which passes the strong flexor tendon of the foot. [L. -_navicularis_--_navicula_, dim. of _navis_, a ship.] - -NAVIGATE, nav'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to steer or manage a ship in sailing: to -sail upon.--_v.i._ to go in a vessel or ship: to sail.--_ns._ -NAVIGABIL'ITY, NAV'IGABLENESS.--_adj._ NAV'IGABLE, that may be passed by -ships or vessels.--_adv._ NAV'IGABLY.--_ns._ NAVIG[=A]'TION, the act, -science, or art of sailing ships: shipping generally: a canal or artificial -waterway; NAV'IGATOR, one who navigates or sails: one who directs the -course of a ship.--NAVIGATION LAWS, the laws passed from time to time to -regulate the management and privileges of ships, and the conditions under -which they may sail or carry on trade.--AERIAL NAVIGATION, the management -of balloons in motion; INLAND NAVIGATION, the passing of boats, &c., along -rivers and canals. [L. _navig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_navis_, a ship, -_ag[)e]re_, to drive.] - -NAVVY, nav'i, _n._ a labourer--originally a labourer on a navigation or -canal: a machine for digging out earth, &c.--called also _French -navvy_:--_pl._ NAVV'IES. [A contr. of _navigator_.] - -NAVY, n[=a]'vi, _n._ a fleet of ships: the whole of the ships-of-war of a -nation: the officers and men belonging to the warships of a nation.--_ns._ -N[=A]'VY-LIST, a list of the officers and ships of a navy, published from -time to time; N[=A]'VY-YARD, a government dockyard. [O. Fr. _navie_--L. -_navis_, a ship.] - -NAWAB, na-wab', _n._ a nabob. - -NAY, n[=a], _adv._ no: not only so, but: yet more: in point of fact.--_n._ -a denial: a vote against.--_n._ NAY'WARD (_Shak._), tendency to denial: the -negative side. [M. E. _nay_, _nai_--Ice. _nei_, Dan. _nei_; cog. with -_no_.] - -NAYWORD, n[=a]'wurd, _n._ (_Shak._) a proverbial reproach, a byword, a -watchword. - -NAZARENE, naz'ar-[=e]n, _n._ an inhabitant of Nazareth, in Galilee: a -follower of Jesus of Nazareth, originally used of Christians in contempt: -one belonging to the early Christian sect of the Nazarenes, which existed -from the 1st to the 4th cent. A.D.--Also NAZAR[=E]'AN. [From _Nazareth_, -the town.] - -NAZARITE, naz'ar-[=i]t, _n._ a Jew who vowed to abstain from strong drink, -&c.--also NAZ'IRITE.--_n._ NAZ'ARITISM, the vow and practice of a Nazarite. -[Heb. _n[=a]zar_, to consecrate.] - -NAZE, n[=a]z, _n._ a headland or cape. [Scand., as in Dan. _naes_; a -doublet of _ness_.] - -NAZIR, na-z[=e]r', _n._ a native official in an Anglo-Indian court who -serves summonses, &c. [Ar.] - -NE, ne, _adv._ not: never. [A.S. _ne_; cf. _Nay_.] - -NEAF, n[=e]f, _n._ the fist--(_Scot._) NEIVE. [M. E. _nefe_--Ice. _hnefi_, -_nefi_; cf. Sw. _n[:a]fve_, the fist.] - -NEAL, n[=e]l, _v.t._ to temper by heat.--_v.i._ to be tempered by heat. -[Cf. _Anneal_.] - -NEALOGY, n[=e]-al'o-ji, _n._ the description of the morphological -correlations of the early adolescent stages of an animal.--_adj._ -NEALOG'IC. [Gr. _neos_, young, logia--_legein_, to speak.] - -NEANDERTHALOID, n[=e]-an'd[.e]r-tal-oid, _adj._ like the low type of skull -found in 1857 in a cave in the _Neanderthal_, a valley between -D[:u]sseldorf and Elberfeld. - -NEAP, n[=e]p, _adj._ low, applied to the lowest tides.--_n._ a neap-tide: -the lowest point of the tide.--_adj._ NEAPED, left aground from one high -tide to another. [A.S. _n['e]p_, orig. _hn['e]p_; Dan. _knap_, Ice. -_neppr_, scanty.] - -NEAPOLITAN, n[=e]-a-pol'i-tan, _adj._ pertaining to the city of Naples or -its inhabitants.--_n._ a native or inhabitant of Naples.--NEAPOLITAN ICE, a -combination of two different ices. [L. _Neapolitanus_--Gr. _Neapolis_, -Naples--_neos_, new, _polis_, city.] - -NEAR, n[=e]r, _adj._ nigh: not far away in place or time: close in kin or -friendship: dear: following or imitating anything closely: close, narrow, -so as barely to escape: short, as a road: greedy, stingy: on the left in -riding or driving.--_adv._ at a little distance: almost: closely,--_prep._ -close to.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to approach: to come nearer.--_adjs._ -NEAR'-BY, adjacent; NEAR'-HAND (_Scot._), near--also _adv._ nearly.--_adv._ -NEAR'LY, at no great distance: closely: intimately: pressingly: almost: -stingily.--_n._ NEAR'NESS, the state of being near: closeness: intimacy: -close alliance: stinginess.--_adj._ NEAR'-SIGHT'ED, seeing distinctly only -when near, myopic, short-sighted.--_n._ NEAR'-SIGHT'EDNESS.--NEAR POINT, -the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. _ne['a]r_, comp. of _ne['a]h_, -nigh; Ice. _naer_; Ger. _n[:a]her_.] - -NEARCTIC, n[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the northern part of -the New World--embracing temperate and arctic North America. - -NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ belonging to the bovine genus.--_n._ black-cattle: an -ox or cow.--_ns._ NEAT'-HERD, one who herds, or has the care of, neat or -cattle; NEAT'-HOUSE, a building for the shelter of -neat-cattle.--NEAT'S-FOOT OIL, an oil obtained from the feet of oxen; -NEAT'S LEATHER, leather made of the hides of neat-cattle. [A.S. _ne['a]t_, -cattle, a beast--_ne['o]tan_, _ni['o]tan_, to use; cf. Scot. _nowt_, -black-cattle.] - -NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ trim: tidy: clean: well-shaped: without mixture or -adulteration: finished, adroit, clever, skilful.--_adj._ NEAT'-HAND'ED, -dexterous.--_adv._ NEAT'LY.--_n._ NEAT'NESS. [Fr. _net_--L. _nitidus_, -shining--_n[`i]t[=e]re_, to shine.] - -NEB, neb, _n._ the beak of a bird: the nose: the sharp point of -anything.--_adj._ NEBB'Y (_Scot._), saucy. [A.S. _nebb_, the face; cog. -with Dut. _neb_, beak.] - -NEBBUK, neb'uk, _n._ a shrub, _Zizyphus Spina-Christi_, one of the thorns -of Christ's crown. - -NEBEL, neb'el, _n._ a Hebrew stringed instrument. - -NEB-NEB, neb'-neb, _n._ the dried pods of a species of acacia found in -Africa, which are much used in Egypt for tanning--called also _Bablah_. - -NEBRIS, neb'ris, _n._ a fawn-skin worn in imitation of Bacchus by his -priests and votaries. - -NEBULA, neb'[=u]-la, _n._ a little cloud: a faint, misty appearance in the -heavens produced either by a group of stars too distant to be seen singly, -or by diffused gaseous matter:--_pl._ NEB'ULAE.--_adjs._ NEB'ULAR, -pertaining to nebulae: like nebulae; NEBUL['E] (neb-[=u]-l[=a]'), curved in -and out (_her._); NEB'ULOSE, NEB'ULOUS, misty, hazy, vague: relating to, or -having the appearance of, a nebula.--_ns._ NEBULOS'ITY, -NEB'ULOUSNESS.--NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, the theory of Laplace and Sir W. -Herschel that nebulae form the earliest stage in the formation of stars and -planets. [L.; Gr. _nephel[=e]_, cloud, mist.] - -NECESSARY, nes'es-sar-i, _adj._ that must be: that cannot be otherwise: -unavoidable: indispensable: under compulsion: not free.--_n._ that which -cannot be left out or done without (food, &c.)--used chiefly in _pl._: a -privy.--_ns._ NECESS[=A]'RIAN, one who holds the doctrine of necessity; -NECESS[=A]'RIANISM, the doctrine that the will is not free, but subject to -causes without, which determine its action.--_adv._ NEC'ESSARILY.--_n._ -NEC'ESSARINESS, the state or quality of being necessary.--NECESSARY TRUTHS, -such as cannot but be true. [Fr.,--L. _necessarius_.] - -NECESSITY, ne-ses'i-ti, _n._ state or quality of being necessary: that -which is necessary or unavoidable: compulsion: great need: poverty.--_ns._ -NECESSIT[=A]'RIAN; NECESSIT[=A]'RIANISM, necessarianism.--_v.t._ -NECESS'IT[=A]TE, to make necessary: to render unavoidable: to compel.--_n._ -NECESSIT[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ NECESS'ITIED (_Shak._), in a state of want; -NECESS'ITOUS, in necessity: very poor: destitute.--_adv._ -NECESS'ITOUSLY.--_n._ NECESS'ITOUSNESS.--NATURAL NECESSITY, the condition -of being necessary according to the laws of nature; LOGICAL or -MATHEMATICAL, according to those of human intelligence; MORAL, according to -those of moral law; WORKS OF NECESSITY, work so necessary as to be -allowable on the Sabbath. [L. _necessitas_.] - -NECK, nek, _n._ the part of an animal's body between the head and trunk: -anything that resembles the neck: a long narrow part or corner: (_fig._) -life: the flesh of the neck and adjoining parts.--_v.t._ to break the neck -or cut off the head.--_ns._ NECK'ATEE, a neckerchief; NECK'-BAND, the part -of a shirt encircling the neck; NECK'-BEAR'ING, that part of a shaft which -rotates in the bearing proper, a journal; NECK'BEEF, the coarse flesh of -the neck of cattle; NECK'CLOTH, a piece of folded cloth worn round the neck -by men as a band or cravat, the ends hanging down often of lace.--_adj._ -NECKED, having a neck of a certain kind.--_ns._ NECK'ERCHIEF, a kerchief -for the neck; NECK'LACE, a lace or string of beads or precious stones worn -on the neck by women; NECK'LET, a simple form of necklace; NECK'-MOULD, a -small moulding surrounding a column at the junction of the shaft and -capital; NECK'-PIECE, the part of a suit of armour that protects the neck: -an ornamental frill round the neck of a gown; NECK'TIE, a tie or cloth for -the neck; NECK'VERSE, the verse (usually Ps. li. 1) in early times placed -before a prisoner claiming _benefit-of-clergy_, in order to test his -ability to read, which, if he could do, he was burned in the hand and set -free (see BENEFIT).--_n._ STIFF'NECK (see STIFF).--NECK AND CROP, -completely; NECK AND NECK, exactly equal: side by side; NECK OR NOTHING, -risking everything.--HARDEN THE NECK, to grow more obstinate; TREAD ON THE -NECK OF, to oppress or tyrannise over. [A.S. _hnecca_; Ger. _nacken_.] - -NECROLATRY, nek-rol'a-tri, _n._ worship of the dead.--_ns._ -NECROBI[=O]'SIS, degeneration of living tissue; NECROG'RAPHER, one who -writes an obituary notice.--_adjs._ NECROLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to -necrology.--_ns._ NECROL'OGIST, one who gives an account of deaths; -NECROL'OGY, an account of those who have died, esp. of the members of some -society: a register of deaths; NEC'ROMANCER, one who practises necromancy: -a sorcerer; NEC'ROMANCY, the art of revealing future events by calling up -and questioning the spirits of the dead: enchantment.--_adjs._ -NECROMAN'TIC, -AL, pertaining to necromancy: performed by -necromancy.--_adv._ NECROMAN'TICALLY.--_adj._ NECROPH'AGOUS, feeding on -carrion.--_ns._ NECROPH'ILISM, a morbid love for the dead; NECROPH[=O]'BIA, -a morbid horror of corpses.--_adj._ NECROPH'OROUS, carrying away and -burying dead bodies, esp. of beetles of the genus _Necrophorus_.--_n._ -NECROP'OLIS, a cemetery.--_adjs._ NECROSCOP'IC, -AL.--_n._ NEC'ROSCOPY, a -post-mortem examination, autopsy--also NEC'ROPSY.--_adjs._ NECROSED', -NECR[=O]'TIC.--_ns._ NECR[=O]'SIS, the mortification of bone: (_bot._) a -disease of plants marked by small black spots; NECROT'OMIST; NECROT'OMY, -dissection of dead bodies. [Gr. _nekros_, dead.] - -NECTAR, nek'tar, _n._ the name given by Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, &c. to the -beverage of the gods, giving life and beauty: a delicious beverage: the -honey of the glands of plants.--_adjs._ NECT[=A]'REAL, NECT[=A]'REAN, -pertaining to, or resembling, nectar: delicious; NEC'TARED, imbued with -nectar: mingled or abounding with nectar; NECT[=A]'REOUS, NEC'TAROUS, -pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar: delicious.--_adv._ -NECT[=A]'REOUSLY, in a nectareous manner.--_n._ NECT[=A]'REOUSNESS, the -quality of being nectareous.--_adjs._ NECT[=A]'RIAL; NECTARIF'EROUS, -producing nectar or honey: having a nectary; NEC'TARINE, sweet as -nectar.--_n._ a variety of peach with a smooth fruit.--_n._ NEC'TARY, the -part of a flower which secretes the nectar or honey. [L.,--Gr. _nektar_; -ety. dub.] - -NECTOCALYX, nek'to-k[=a]-liks, _n._ the swimming-bell of a medusa:--_pl._ -NECTOC[=A]'LYCES. - -NEDDY, ned'i, _n._ a donkey. [From _Ned_=Edward.] - -N['E]E, n[=a], _adj._ born: placed before a married woman's maiden-name, to -show her own family, as Rebecca Crawley, _n['e]e_ Sharp. [Fr., fem. of -_n['e]_, pa.p. of _na[^i]tre_, to be born--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be -born.] - -NEED, n[=e]d, _n._ want of something which one cannot do without: -necessity: a state that requires relief: want of the means of -living.--_v.t._ to have occasion for: to want.--_ns._ NEED'-BE, a -necessity; NEED'ER; NEED'FIRE, fire produced by friction, to which a -certain virtue is superstitiously attached: a beacon generally.--_adj._ -NEED'FUL, full of need: having need: needy: necessary: requisite.--_adv._ -NEED'FULLY.--_n._ NEED'FULNESS.--_adv._ NEED'ILY.--_n._ NEED'INESS.--_adj._ -NEED'LESS (_Shak._), having no need: not needed: unnecessary.--_adv._ -NEED'LESSLY.--_n._ NEED'LESSNESS.--_adv._ NEED'LY (_Shak._), -necessarily.--_n._ NEED'MENT, something needed.--_adv._ NEEDS, of -necessity: indispensably--often used with _must_, as 'needs must.'--_adj._ -NEED'Y, very poor: requisite.--_n._ NEED'YHOOD.--THE NEEDFUL (_slang_), -ready money. [A.S. _n['e]d_, _ni['e]d_, _n['y]d_; Dut. _nood_, Ger. -_noth_.] - -NEEDLE, n[=e]d'l, _n._ a small, sharp-pointed steel instrument, with an eye -for a thread--(_Shak._) NEELD, NEELE: any slender, pointed instrument like -a needle, as the magnet or movable bar of a compass, or for knitting, -etching, &c.: anything sharp and pointed, like a pinnacle of rock, &c.: an -aciform crystal: a temporary support used by builders to sustain while -repairing, being a strong beam resting on props: the long, narrow, -needle-like leaf of a pine-tree.--_v.t._ to form into a shape like a -needle, as crystals: to work with a needle.--_v.i._ to become of the shape -of needles, as crystals.--_ns._ NEED'LE-BOOK, a number of pieces of cloth, -leather, &c. arranged like a book, for holding needles; NEED'LE-CASE, a -case for holding needles; NEED'LE-FISH, a pipe-fish: a garfish or belonid; -NEED'LEFUL, as much thread as fills a needle; NEED'LE-GUN, a gun or rifle -loaded at the breech, the cartridge of which is exploded by the impact of a -needle or spike at its base.--_adjs._ NEED'LE-POINT'ED, pointed like a -needle: without a barb, as a fish-hook; NEED'LE-SHAPED, shaped like a -needle: applied to the long, slender, sharp-pointed leaves of pines, firs, -and other trees.--_ns._ NEED'LE-TEL'EGRAPH, a telegraph the receiver of -which gives its messages by the deflections of a magnetic needle; -NEED'LEWOMAN, a woman who makes her living by her needle, a seamstress; -NEED'LEWORK, work done with a needle: the business of a seamstress.--_adj._ -NEED'LY, thorny. [A.S. _n['ae]dl_; Ger. _nadel_; cog. with Ger. _n[:a]hen_, -to sew, L. _n[=e]re_, to spin.] - -NEEP, a Scotch form of _turnip_. - -NE'ER, n[=a]r, _adv._ contr. of _never_.--_adj._ and _n._ NE'ER'-DO-WELL, -past all well-doing: one who is good for nothing. - -NEESE, n[=e]z, _v.i._ an old form of _sneeze_.--_n._ NEES'ING, sneezing. - -NEF, nef, _n._ a cadenas. - -NEFANDOUS, n[=e]-fan'dus, _adj._ bad to execration, abominable. [L.,--_ne_, -not, _fandus_, _f[=a]ri_, to speak.] - -NEFARIOUS, n[=e]-f[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ impious: extremely wicked: -villainous.--_adv._ NEF[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ NEF[=A]'RIOUSNESS.--_adj._ -N[=E]FAST', abominable. [L. _nefarius_, contrary to divine law--_ne_, not, -_fas_, divine law, prob. from _f[=a]ri_, to speak.] - -NEGATION, ne-g[=a]'shun, _n._ act of saying no: denial: (_logic_) the -absence of certain qualities in anything. [Fr.,--L. -_negation-em-_--_neg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to say no--_nec_, not, _aio_, I -say yes.] - -NEGATIVE, neg'a-tiv, _adj._ that denies or refuses--opp. to _Affirmative_: -implying absence: that stops, hinders, neutralises--opp. to _Positive_: in -photography, exhibiting the reverse, as dark for light, light for dark: -(_logic_) denying the connection between a subject and a predicate: -(_algebra_) noting a quantity to be subtracted.--_n._ a word or statement -by which something is denied: the right or act of saying 'no,' or of -refusing assent: the side of a question or the decision which denies what -is affirmed: in photography, an image on glass or other medium, in which -the lights and shades are the opposite of those in nature, used for -printing positive impressions from on paper, &c.: (_gram._) a word that -denies.--_v.t._ to prove the contrary: to reject by vote.--_adv._ -NEG'ATIVELY.--_ns._ NEG'ATIVENESS, NEG'ATIVISM, NEGATIV'ITY.--_adj._ -NEG'ATORY, expressing denial.--NEGATIVE BATH, a silver solution in which -photographic negatives are placed to be sensitised; NEGATIVE ELECTRICITY, -electricity with a relatively low potential, electricity such as is -developed by rubbing resinous bodies with flannel, opposite to that -obtained by rubbing glass; NEGATIVE QUANTITY (_math._), a quantity with a -_minus_ sign ( - ) before it, indicating that it is either to be -subtracted, or reckoned in an opposite direction from some other with a -_plus_ sign; NEGATIVE SIGN, the sign ( - or _minus_) of subtraction. [L. -_negativus_--_neg[=a]re_, to deny.] - -NEG[=A]TUR, _v._ it is denied. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. pass. of -_neg[=a]re_, to deny.] - -NEGLECT, neg-lekt', _v.t._ to treat carelessly, pass by without notice: to -omit by carelessness.--_n._ disregard: slight: omission.--_adj._ -NEGLECT'ABLE, that may be neglected.--_ns._ NEGLECT'EDNESS; -NEGLECT'ER.--_adj._ NEGLECT'FUL, careless: accustomed to omit or neglect -things: slighting.--_adv._ NEGLECT'FULLY.--_n._ NEGLECT'FULNESS.--_adj._ -NEGLECT'IBLE.--_adv._ NEGLECT'INGLY, carelessly: heedlessly. [L. -_neglig[)e]re_, _neglectum_--_nec_, not, _leg[)e]re_, to gather.] - -NEGLIG['E]E, neg-li-zh[=a]', _n._ easy undress: a plain, loose gown: a -necklace, usually of red coral.--_adj._ carelessly or unceremoniously -dressed: careless. [Fr., fem. of _n['e]glig['e]_--_n['e]gliger_, to -neglect.] - -NEGLIGENCE, neg'li-jens, _n._ fact or quality of being negligent: want of -proper care: habitual neglect: a single act of carelessness or neglect, a -slight: carelessness about dress, manner, &c.: omission of duty, esp. such -care for the interests of others as the law may require--(_Shak._) -NEGLEC'TION.--_adj._ NEG'LIGENT, neglecting: careless: inattentive: -disregarding ceremony or fashion.--_adv._ NEG'LIGENTLY.--_adj._ -NEG'LIGIBLE.--_adv._ NEG'LIGIBLY. [Fr.,--L. _negligentia_--_negligens_, -_-entis_, pr.p. of _neglig[)e]re_, to neglect.] - -NEGOTIABLE, ne-g[=o]'shi-a-bl, _adj._ that may be transacted: that can be -transferred to another with the same rights as belonged to the original -holder, as a bill of exchange.--_n._ NEGOTIABIL'ITY. - -NEGOTIATE, ne-g[=o]'shi-[=a]t, _v.i._ to carry on business: to bargain: to -hold intercourse for the purpose of mutual arrangement.--_v.t._ to arrange -for by agreement: to manage: to transfer to another with all the rights of -the original holder: to pass, as a bill: to sell.--_ns._ NEGOTI[=A]'TION, -act of negotiating: the treating with another on business; NEG[=O]'TIATOR; -NEG[=O]'TIATRIX.--_adj._ NEGOTI[=A]'TORY, of or pertaining to negotiation. -[L. _negoti[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_negotium_, business--_nec_, not, _otium_, -leisure.] - -NEGRITO, ne-gr[=e]'to, _n._ the Spanish name for certain tribes of -negro-like diminutive people in the interior of some of the Philippine -Islands--also _Aetas_ or _Itas_: in a wider sense, the Papuans and all the -Melanesian peoples of Polynesia. - -NEGRO, n[=e]'gr[=o], _n._ one of the black-skinned woolly-haired race in -the Soudan and central parts of Africa, also their descendants in -America.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the race of black men:--_fem._ -N[=E]'GRESS.--_ns._ N[=E]'GRO-CORN, the name given in the West Indies to -the plant durra or Indian millet; N[=E]'GROHEAD, tobacco soaked in molasses -and pressed into cakes, so called from its blackness.--_adj._ -N[=E]'GROID.--_n._ N[=E]'GR[=O]ISM, any peculiarity of speech noticeable -among negroes, esp. in the southern United States. [Sp. _negro_--L. -_niger_, black.] - -NEGUS, n[=e]'gus, _n._ a beverage of either port or sherry with hot water, -sweetened and spiced. [Said to be so called from Colonel _Negus_, its first -maker, in the reign of Queen Anne.] - -NEGUS, n[=e]'gus, _n._ the title of the kings of Abyssinia. - -NEIF, n[=e]f, _n._ (_Shak._) the fist. - -NEIGH, n[=a], _v.i._ to utter the cry of a horse:--_pr.p._ neigh'ing; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p_. neighed (n[=a]d).--_n._ the cry of a horse--(_Scot._) -NICH'ER. [A.S. _hn['ae]gan_; Ice. _hneggja_.] - -NEIGHBOUR, n[:a]'bur, _n._ a person who dwells, sits, or stands near -another: one who is on friendly terms with another.--_adj._ (_B._) -neighbouring.--_v.i._ to live near each other.--_v.t._ to be near to.--_n._ -NEIGH'BOURHOOD, state of being neighbours, kindly feeling: adjoining -district or the people living in it: a district generally, esp. with -reference to its inhabitants.--_adj._ NEIGH'BOURING, being near: -adjoining.--_n._ NEIGH'BOURLINESS.--_adjs._ NEIGH'BOURLY, like or becoming -a neighbour: friendly: social--also _adv._; NEIGH'BOUR-STAINED (_Shak._), -stained with neighbours' blood. [A.S. _ne['a]hb['u]r_, -_ne['a]hgeb['u]r_--A.S. _ne['a]h_, near, _geb['u]r_ or _b['u]r_, a farmer.] - -NEIST, n[=e]st, a dialectic form of _next_. - -NEITHER, n[=e]'_th_[.e]r, or n[=i]'_th_[.e]r, _adj._ and _pron._ not -either.--_conj._ not either: and not: nor yet.--_adv._ not at all: in no -case. [A.S. _n['a]_th_er, n['a]w_th_er_, abbrev. of _n['a]hwaether_--_ne_, -not, _['a]hwaether_, _['a]wther_, either.] - -NEIVIE-NICK-NACK, n[=e]'vi-nik'-nak, _n._ a Scotch children's game of -guessing in which hand a thing is held while the holder repeats a rhyme -beginning with these words. - -NELUMBO, n[=e]-lum'b[=o], _n._ a genus of water-lilies including the -_Egyptian Bean_ of Pythagoras, and the Hindu _Lotus_.--Also NELUM'BIUM. -[Ceylon name.] - -NEMALITE, nem'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a fibrous hydrate of magnesia. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, -a thread, _lithos_, a stone.] - -NEMATHECIUM, nem-a-th[=e]'si-um, _n._ a wart-like elevation on the surface -of the thallus of certain florideous algae. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, -_th[=e]kion_, _th[=e]k[=e]_, case.] - -NEMATHELMINTHES, nem-a-thel-min'thez, _n.pl._ a name applied to the -thread-worms or nematodes (as _Ascaris_, _Guinea-worm_, _Trichina_), to the -somewhat distinct _Gordiidae_ or _hair-eels_, and to the more remotely -allied _Acanthocephala_ or _Echinorhynchus_.--Also -NEMATHELMIN'THA.--_adjs._ NEMATHEL'MINTH, -IC. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, -_helmins_, _-minthos_, worm.] - -NEMATOCEROUS, nem-a-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having long thready antennae, as a -dipterous insect. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _keras_, a horn.] - -NEMATOCYST, nem'a-t[=o]-sist, _n._ a cnida, one of the offensive organs of -Coelenterates, as jellyfish. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _kystis_, a -bladder.] - -NEMATOID, nem'a-toid, _adj._ thread-like--also NEM'ATODE.--_n.pl._ -NEMATOI'DEA, a class of Vermes, with mouth, alimentary canal, and separate -sexes, usually parasitic. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, thread, _eidos_, form.] - -NEMEAN, n[=e]'m[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Nemea_, a valley of Argolis -in the Peloponnesus, famous for its public games held in the second and -fourth of each Olympiad. - -NEMERTEA, n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ a class of Vermes, mostly marine, -unsegmented, covered with cilia, often brightly coloured, with protrusile -proboscis, and usually distinct sexes.--_adj._ NEMER'TEAN. [Gr. -_N[=e]mert[=e]s_, a nereid's name.] - -NEMESIS, nem'e-sis, _n._ (_myth._) the goddess of vengeance: retributive -justice.--_adj._ NEMES'IC. [Gr.,--_nemein_, to distribute.] - -NEMO, n[=e]'mo, _n._ nobody: a nobody. [L.] - -NEMOCEROUS, n[=e]-mos'e-rus, _adj._ having filamentous antennae. - -NEMORAL, nem'o-ral, _adj._ pertaining to a wood or grove.--_n._ -NEMOPH'ILIST.--_adjs._ NEMOPH'ILOUS, fond of woods, inhabiting woods; -NEM'OROSE, growing in woodland; NEM'OROUS, woody. [L. _nemus_, _-[)o]ris_, -a grove.] - -NEMPT, nemt (_Spens._), named, called. - -NENUPHAR, nen'[=u]-far, _n._ the great white water-lily. [Fr.,--Ar.] - -NEO-CATHOLIC, n[=e]-[=o]-kath'o-lik, _adj._ pertaining to the short-lived -school of liberal Catholicism that followed Lamennais, Lacordaire, and -Montalembert about 1830: pertaining to a small party within the Anglican -Church, who think they have outgrown Keble and Pusey and the great Caroline -divines, and are more noisy than intelligent in their avowal of preference -for Roman doctrine, ritual, and discipline. - -NEO-CHRISTIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-kris'tyan, _adj._ and _n._ of or pertaining to -so-called _Neo-Christianity_, which merely means old Rationalism. - -NEOCOMIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-k[=o]'mi-an, _adj._ and _n._ (_geol._) of or -pertaining to the lower division of the Cretaceous system, including the -Lower Greensand and the Wealden of English geologists. [Graecised from -_Neuch[^a]tel_, near which is its typical region; Gr. _neos_, new, -_k[=o]m[=e]_, a village.] - -NEOCOSMIC, n[=e]-[=o]-koz'mik, _adj._ pertaining to the present condition -of the universe, esp. its races of men. [Gr. _neos_, new, _kosmos_, the -universe.] - -NEOCRACY, n[=e]-ok'ra-si, _n._ government by upstarts. - -NEOGAMIST, n[=e]-og'a-mist, _n._ a person recently married. - -NEOGRAMMARIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-gra-m[=a]'ri-an, _n._ one of the more recent -school in the study of Indo-European grammar and philology, who attach vast -importance to phonetic change, and the laws governing it.--_adj._ -NEOGRAMMAT'ICAL. - -NEOHELLENISM, n[=e]-[=o]-hel'en-izm, _n._ the modern Hellenism inspired by -the ancient: the devotion to ancient Greek ideals in literature and art, -esp. in the Italian Renaissance. - -NEO-KANTIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-kan'ti-an, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophy of -_Kant_ as taught by his successors. - -NEO-LATIN, n[=e]-[=o]-lat'in, _n._ Latin as written by modern writers: new -Latin, as in the Romance languages sprung from the Latin. - -NEOLITE, n[=e]'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green silicate of aluminium and -magnesium. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a stone.] - -NEOLITHIC, n[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ applied to the more recent implements -of the stone age--opp. to _Palaeolithic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a -stone.] - -NEOLOGY, n[=e]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the introduction of new words, or new senses -of old words, into a language: (_theol._) new doctrines, esp. German -rationalism.--_n._ NEOL[=O]'GIAN.--_adjs._ NEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to -neology: using new words.--_adv._ NEOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ NEOL'OGISE, to -introduce new words or doctrines.--_ns._ NEOL'OGISM, a new word, phrase, or -doctrine: the use of old words in a new sense; NEOL'OGIST, one who -introduces new words or senses: one who introduces new doctrines in -theology.--_adjs._ NEOLOGIS'TIC, -AL. [Gr. _neos_, new, _logos_, word.] - -NEONOMIANISM, n[=e]-[=o]-n[=o]'mi-an-izm, _n._ the doctrine that the gospel -is a new law, and that faith has abrogated the old moral obedience.--_n._ -NEON[=O]'MIAN. [Gr. _neos_, new, _nomos_, law.] - -NEONOMOUS, n[=e]-on'o-mus, _adj._ having a greatly modified biological -structure, specialised according to recent conditions of environment. [Gr. -_neos_, new, _nomos_, law.] - -NEONTOLOGY, n[=e]-on-tol'o-ji, _n._ the science and description of extant, -as apart from extinct, animals.--_n._ NEONTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _neos_, new, -_on_, _ontos_, being, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.] - -NEO-PAGANISM, n[=e]-[=o]-p[=a]'gan-izm, _n._ a revival of paganism, or its -spirit--a euphemism for mere animalism.--_v.t._ NEO-P[=A]'GAN[=I]SE, to -imbue with this spirit. - -NEOPHOBIA, n[=e]-[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ dread of novelty. [Gr. _neos_, new, -_phobia_--_phebesthai_, to fear.] - -NEOPHRON, n[=e]'[=o]-fron, _n._ a genus of vultures, having horizontal -nostrils. [Gr.,--_neos_, new, _phren_, mind.] - -NEOPHYTE, n[=e]'[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ a new convert, one newly baptised or -admitted to the priesthood, or to a monastery, a novice: a tyro or -beginner.--_adj._ newly admitted or entered on office.--_n._ -N[=E]'OPHYTISM. [L. _neophytus_--Gr. _neos_, new, _phytos_, -grown--_phyein_, to produce.] - -NEOPLASM, n[=e]'[=o]-plazm, _n._ a morbid new growth or formation of -tissue.--_adj._ NEOPLAS'TIC. - -NEOPLATONISM, n[=e]-[=o]-pl[=a]'to-nizm, _n._ a system of philosophy -combining _Platonic_ and Oriental elements, originating with Ammonius -Saccas at Alexandria in the 3d century, developed by Plotinus, Porphyry, -Proclus, &c.--_adj._ NEOPLATON'IC.--_n._ NEOPL[=A]'TONIST. - -NEOTERIC, -AL, n[=e]-[=o]-ter'ik, -al, _adj._ of recent origin, -modern.--_v.i._ NEOT'ERISE.--_n._ NEOT'ERISM, the introduction of new -things, esp. new words. [Gr.,--_ne[=o]teros_, comp. of _neos_, new.] - -NEOTIC, n[=e]-ot'ik, _adj._ addressed to the understanding. - -NEOTROPICAL, n[=e]-[=o]-trop'i-kal, _adj._ applied to the part of the New -World including tropical and South America and the adjacent islands. - -NEOZOIC, n[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting all rocks from the Trias down -to the most recent formations, as opposed to _Palaeozoic_. [Gr. _neos_, -new, _zo[=e]_, life.] - -NEP, nep, _n._ (_prov._) a knot in a fibre of cotton. - -NEPENTHES, ne-pen'th[=e]z, _n._ (_med._) a drug that relieves pain--also -NEPEN'THE: a genus of plants having a cup or pitcher attached to the leaf, -often filled with a sweetish liquid, the pitcher-plant. [Gr.,--_n[=e]_, -neg., _penthos_, grief.] - -NEPHALISM, nef'a-lizm, _n._ total abstinence from alcoholic drinks.--_n._ -NEPH'ALIST, a bigoted teetotaler. [Gr. _n[=e]phalios_, sober; _n[=e]phein_, -to be sober.] - -NEPHELINE, nef'e-lin, _n._ a rock-forming mineral, colourless, usually -crystallising in hexagonal prisms, occurring in various volcanic rocks, as -in certain basalts. [Gr. _nephel[=e]_, a cloud.] - -NEPHELOID, nef'e-loid, _adj._ cloudy, turbid.--_ns._ NEPHELOM'ETER, a -supposititious instrument for measuring cloudiness; NEPH'ELOSCOPE, an -apparatus for illustrating the formation of cloud; NEPH'ELOSPHERE, an -atmosphere of cloud surrounding a planet, &c. [Gr. _nephel[=e]_, cloud.] - -NEPHEW, nev'[=u], or nef'[=u], _n._ the son of a brother or sister: -(_orig._) a grandson (so in New Test.):--_fem._ NIECE. [O. Fr. _neveu_--L. -_nepos_, _nepotis_, grandson, nephew; A.S. _nefa_, Ger. _neffe_, nephew.] - -NEPHRALGIA, ne-fral'ji-a, _n._ pain or disease of the kidneys--also -NEPHRAL'GY.--_ns._ NEPH'RITE, a mineral usually called _Jade_, an old charm -against kidney disease; NEPHRIT'IC, a medicine for the cure of diseases of -the kidneys.--_adjs._ NEPHRIT'IC, -AL, pertaining to the kidneys: affected -with a disease of the kidneys: relieving diseases of the kidneys.--_ns._ -NEPHR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the kidneys; NEPH'ROCELE, hernia of the -kidney; NEPHROG'RAPHY, a description of the kidneys.--_adj._ NEPH'ROID, -kidney-shaped.--_ns._ NEPHROL'OGY, scientific knowledge of the kidneys; -NEPHROT'OMY, the operation of excising the kidneys. [Gr. _nephros_, a -kidney, _algos_, pain.] - -NEPOTISM, nep'o-tizm, _n._ undue favouritism to one's relations, as in the -bestowal of patronage.--_adjs._ NEPOT'IC, NEP[=O]'TIOUS.--_n._ NEP'OTIST, -one who practises nepotism. [L. _nepos_, _nepotis_, a grandson.] - -NEPTUNE, nep't[=u]n, _n._ (_Rom. myth._) the god of the sea, identified -with the Greek Poseidon, represented with a trident in his hand: -(_astron._) the outermost planet of the solar system, discovered in -1846.--_adj._ NEPT[=U]'NIAN, pertaining to the sea: (_geol._) formed by -water: applied to stratified rocks or to those due mainly to the agency of -water, as opposed to _Plutonic_ or _Igneous_.--_n._ NEP'T[=U]NIST, one who -holds the Neptunian theory in geology--also _adj._ [L. _Neptunus_.] - -NEREID, n[=e]'r[=e]-id, _n._ (_Gr. myth._) a sea-nymph, one of the -daughters of the sea-god _Nereus_, who attended Neptune riding on -sea-horses: (_zool._) a genus of marine worms like long myriapods.--_ns._ -N[=E]'R[=E]IS, a nereid; N[=E]'R[=E]ITE, a fossil annelid related to the -nereids. [L.,--Gr.] - -NERINE, n[=e]-r[=i]'n[=e], _n._ a genus of ornamental South African plants -of the Amaryllis family, with scarlet or rose-coloured flowers.--The -Guernsey Lily is the _Nerine Sarniensis_. - -NERITE, n[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a gasteropod of the genus _Nerita_ or the family -_Neritidae_.--_adj._ NERIT[=A]'CEAN. - -NERIUM, n[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of Mediterranean shrubs, with fragrant -and showy pink, white, or yellowish flowers, the oleander. - -NERO, n[=e]'ro, _n._ the last emperor of the family of the Caesars, at Rome -(54-68 A.D.): any cruel and wicked tyrant.--_adj._ NER[=O]'NIAN. - -NERO-ANTICO, n[=a]-r[=o]-an-t[=e]'ko, _n._ a deep-black marble found in -Roman ruins. [It.] - -NERVE, n[.e]rv, _n._ bodily strength, firmness, courage: (_anat._) one of -the fibres which convey sensation from all parts of the body to the brain: -(_bot._) one of the fibres or ribs in the leaves of plants: a trade term -for a non-porous quality of cork, slightly charred: (_pl._) hysterical -nervousness.--_v.t._ to give strength or vigour to: to arm with -force.--_adj._ NERV'AL.--_ns._ NERV[=A]'TION, the arrangement or -distribution of nerves, esp. those of leaves; NERVE'-CELL, any cell forming -part of the nervous system, esp. one of those by means of which -nerve-fibres are connected with each other; NERVE'-CEN'TRE, a collection of -nerve-cells from which nerves branch out.--_adj._ NERVED, furnished with -nerves, or with nerves of a special character, as 'strong-nerved.'--_n._ -NERVE'-F[=I]'BRE, one of the essential thread-like units of which a nerve -is composed.--_adj._ NERVE'LESS, without strength.--_n._ -NERVE'LESSNESS.--_adj._ NERV'INE, acting on the nerves: quieting nervous -excitement.--_n._ a medicine that soothes nervous excitement.--_adjs._ -NERV'OUS, having nerve: sinewy: strong, vigorous, showing strength and -vigour: pertaining to the nerves: having the nerves easily excited or weak; -NERV'OUS, NERVOSE', NERVED (_bot._) having parallel fibres or -veins.--_adv._ NERV'OUSLY.--_n._ NERV'OUSNESS.--_adj._ NERV'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ -NERV'[=U]LE, a small nerve, a small vein of an insect's wing--also -_Nervulet_, _Veinlet_, _Venule_; NERV'URE, one of the nerves or veins of -leaves: one of the horny tubes or divisions which expand the wings of -insects: one of the ribs in a groined vault: a projecting moulding.--_adj._ -NERV'Y, strong, vigorous.--NERVOUS SYSTEM (_anat._), the brain, spinal -cord, and nerves collectively: the whole of the nerves and nerve-centres of -the body considered as related to each other, and fitted to act together. -[Fr.,--L. _nervus_; Gr. _neuron_, a sinew.] - -NESCIENCE, nesh'ens, _n._ want of knowledge.--_adj._ NESC'IENT. [L. -_nescientia_--_nesc[=i]re_, to be ignorant--_ne_, not, _sc[=i]re_, to -know.] - -NESH, nesh, _adj._ (_prov._) soft, crumbly: tender.--_v.t._ NESH'EN, to -make tender. - -NESHAMAH, nesh'a-m[:a], _n._ the highest degree of the soul in the -cabbalistic system. - -NESIOTE, n[=e]'si-[=o]t, _adj._ insular. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island.] - -NESKI, nes'ki, _n._ the cursive hand generally used in Arabic.--Also -NESH'KI. [Ar.] - -NESOGAEAN, n[=e]-s[=o]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Nesogaea--Polynesia -or Oceania, New Zealand excepted, with regard to the distribution of its -animals. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island, _gaia_, the earth.] - -NESS, nes, _n._ a promontory or headland. [A.S. _naess_; a doublet of -_naze_, prob. conn. with _nose_.] - -NEST, nest, _n._ the bed formed by a bird for hatching her young: the place -in which the eggs of any animal are laid and hatched: a comfortable -residence: a number of persons haunting one place for a bad purpose: the -place itself: a number of baskets or boxes each fitting inside the next -larger.--_v.t._ to form a nest for.--_v.i._ to build and occupy a -nest.--_n._ NEST'-EGG, an egg left in the nest to keep the hen from -forsaking it: something laid up as the beginning of an -accumulation.--FEATHER ONE'S NEST, to provide for one's self, esp. from -other people's property of which one has had charge. [A.S. _nest_; Ger. -_nest_, L. _n[=i]dus_.] - -NESTLE, nes'l, _v.i._ to lie close or snug as in a nest: to settle -comfortably.--_v.t._ to cherish, as a bird does her young.--_adj._ -NEST'LING, being in the nest, newly hatched.--_n._ act of making a nest: a -young bird in the nest--also NEST'LER. [A.S. _nestlian_--_nest_.] - -NESTOR, nes'tor, _n._ a Greek hero at Troy, remarkable for eloquence and -wisdom gained through long life and varied experience: any one who -possesses those qualities, a counsellor, adviser.--_adj._ NEST[=O]'RIAN. - -NESTORIAN, nes-t[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Christological -doctrine of _Nestorius_, patriarch of Constantinople from 428 to his -condemnation and deposition at the general council of Ephesus in 431; he -held the true divinity and humanity of Christ, but denied their union in a -single self-conscious personality, that union being merely moral or -sympathetic--thus the personality was broken up into a duality.--_n._ a -follower of Nestorius.--_n._ NEST[=O]'RIANISM. - -NET, net, _n._ an open fabric of twine, &c., knotted into meshes for -catching birds, fishes, &c.: anything like a net for keeping out insects, -&c.: a meshed bag for holding a woman's hair: machine-made lace of various -kinds: a snare: a difficulty.--_adj._ made of netting or resembling it, -reticulate: caught in a net.--_v.t._ to form into network: to take with a -net: to protect with a net, to veil.--_v.i._ to form network:--_pr.p._ -net'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ net'ted.--_ns._ NET'-FISH, any fish, like the -herring, caught in nets--opp. to _Trawl-fish_ and _Line-fish_; -NET'-FISH'ERY, a place for net-fishing, the business of such fishing; -NET'-FISH'ING, the method or the industry of fishing with nets.--_p.adj._ -NET'TED, made into a net, reticulated: caught in a net.--_ns._ NET'TING, -act or process of forming network: a piece of network: any network of ropes -or wire, esp. for use on shipboard; NET'TING-NEED'LE, a kind of shuttle -used in netting.--_adjs._ NET'TY, like a net; NET'-VEINED, in entomology, -having a great number of veins or nervures like a network on the surface, -as in the wings of many Orthoptera; NET'-WINGED, having net-veined -wings.--_n._ NET'WORK, any work showing cross lines or open spaces like the -meshes of a net. [A.S. _net_, _nett_; Dut. _net_, Ger. _netz_.] - -NET, NETT, net, _adj._ clear of all charges or deductions--opp. to _Gross_: -lowest, subject to no further deductions.--_v.t._ to produce as clear -profit:--_pr.p._ net'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ net'ted. [_Neat._] - -NETHELESSE, neth'les, _adv._=NATHLESS. - -NETHER, ne_th_'[.e]r, _adj._ beneath another, lower: infernal.--_n._ -NETH'ERLANDER, an inhabitant of Holland.--_adj._ NETH'ERLANDISH, -Dutch.--_n.pl._ NETH'ERLINGS, stockings.--_adjs._ NETH'ERMORE, lower; -NETH'ERMOST, lowest.--_n.pl._ NETH'ERSTOCKS (_Shak._), short stockings or -half-hose for the leg, as distinguished from trunk hose for the -thigh.--_advs._ NETH'ERWARD, -S, downward. [A.S. _neothera_, a comp. adj. -due to adv. _nither_, downward; Ger. _nieder_, low.] - -NETHINIM, neth'in-im, _n.pl._ (_B._) servants of the old Jewish temple, set -apart to assist the Levites. [Heb.] - -NETSUKE, net'su-k[=a], _n._ a small toggle or button, carved or inlaid, on -Japanese pipe-cases, pouches, &c. - -NETTLE, net'l, _n._ a common plant covered with hairs which sting -sharply.--_v.t._ to fret, as a nettle does the skin: to irritate.--_ns._ -NETT'LE-CLOTH, thick japanned cotton cloth used for leather; NETT'LE-FISH, -a jelly-fish, sea-nettle; NETT'LERASH, a kind of fever characterised by a -rash or eruption on the skin; NETT'LE-TREE, a genus of trees, with simple -and generally serrated leaves, the fruit a fleshy, globose, one-celled -drupe; NETT'LE-WORT, any plant of the nettle family. [A.S. _netele_; Ger. -_nessel_.] - -NETTLING, net'ling, _n._ the joining of two ropes, end to end, without -seam: the tying in pairs of yarns in a ropewalk to prevent tangling. -[_Knittle._] - -NEUME, n[=u]m, _n._ a succession of notes to be sung to one syllable, a -sequence: an old sign for a tone or a phrase. [O. Fr.,--Gr. _pneuma_, -breath.] - -NEURAL, n[=u]'ral, _adj._ pertaining to the nerves--also NEUR'IC.--_ns._ -NEURIC'ITY, nerve-force; NEURIL'ITY, the function of the nervous -system--that of conducting stimuli.--NEURAL ARCH, the arch of a vertebra -protecting the spinal cord. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve.] - -NEURALGIA, n[=u]-ral'ji-a, _n._ pain of a purely nervous character, -occurring in paroxysms, usually unaccompanied by inflammation, fever, or -any appreciable change of structure in the affected part--(_obs._) -NEURAL'GY.--_adjs._ NEURAL'GIC, NEURAL'GIFORM. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, -_algos_, pain.] - -NEURASTHENIA, n[=u]-ras-the-n[=i]'a, _n._ nervous debility.--_adj._ -NEURASTHEN'IC--also _n._ one suffering from this. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve, -_astheneia_, weakness.] - -NEURATION, n[=u]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ Same as NERVATION. - -NEURILEMMA, n[=u]-ri-lem'a, _n._ the external sheath of a nerve-fibre. - -NEURITIS, n[=u]-r[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a nerve. - -NEUROHYPNOLOGY, n[=u]-r[=o]-hip-nol'o-ji, _n._ the study of hypnotism: the -means employed for inducing the hypnotic state.--_ns._ NEUROHYPNOL'OGIST; -NEUROHYP'NOTISM, hypnotism. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _hypnos_, sleep, _logia_, -discourse.] - -NEUROLOGY, n[=u]-rol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the nerves.--_adj._ -NEUROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ NEUROL'OGIST, a writer on neurology. [Gr. _neuron_, -nerve, _logia_, science.] - -NEURON, n[=u]'ron, _n._ the cerebro-spinal axis in its entirety: a nervure -of an insect's wing. - -NEUROPATH, n[=u]'ro-path, _n._ one who takes nervous conditions solely or -mostly into account in his pathology.--_adjs._ NEUROPATH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -NEUROPATH'ICALLY.--_ns._ NEUROPATHOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge of the -diseases of the nervous system; NEUROP'ATHY, nervous disease generally. -[Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _pathos_, suffering.] - -NEUROPTERA, n[=u]-rop't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ an order of insects which have -generally four wings marked with a network of many nerves:--_sing._ -NEUROP'TERON; also NEUROP'TER, NEUROP'TERAN.--_adjs._ NEUROP'TERAL, -NEUROP'TEROUS, nerve-winged. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _ptera_, pl. of -_pteron_, a wing.] - -NEUROSE, n[=u]'r[=o]s, _adj._ nerved: having many nervures or veins, of an -insect's wing, &c. - -NEUROTIC, n[=u]-rot'ik, _adj._ relating to, or seated in, the nerves.--_n._ -a disease of the nerves: a medicine useful for diseases of the -nerves.--_adj._ NEUR[=O]'SAL.--_n._ NEUR[=O]'SIS, a nervous disease, esp. -without lesion of parts, as epilepsy, &c. - -NEUROTOMY, n[=u]-rot'om-i, _n._ the cutting or dissection of a -nerve.--_adj._ NEUROTOM'ICAL. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve, _tom[=e]_, cutting.] - -NEUROTONIC, n[=u]-ro-ton'ik, _n._ a medicine intended to strengthen the -nervous system. - -NEUTER, n[=u]'t[.e]r, _adj._ neither: taking no part with either side: -(_gram._) neither masculine nor feminine: neither active nor passive: -(_bot._) without stamens or pistils: (_zool._) without sex.--_n._ one -taking no part in a contest: (_bot._) a plant having neither stamens nor -pistils: (_zool._) a sexless animal, esp. the working bee. [L., -'neither'--_ne_, not, _uter_, either.] - -NEUTRAL, n[=u]'tral, _adj._ being neuter, indifferent: taking no part on -either side: unbiassed: neither very good nor very bad, of no decided -character: having no decided colour, bluish or grayish: (_chem._) neither -acid nor alkaline.--_n._ a person or nation that takes no part in a -contest.--_n._ NEUTRALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ NEU'TRALISE, to declare by -convention any nation permanently neutral or neutral during certain -hostilities: to make inert: to render of no effect.--_ns._ NEU'TRALISER; -NEUTRAL'ITY, state of taking no part on either of two sides: those who are -neutral.--_adv._ NEU'TRALLY.--NEUTRAL TINT, a dull grayish colour; NEUTRAL -VOWEL, the vowel-sound heard in _but_, _firm_, _her_, &c., and commonly in -unaccented syllables.--ARMED NEUTRALITY, the condition of a neutral power -ready to repel aggression from either belligerent. [L. -_neutralis_--_neuter_, neither.] - -N['E]V['E], n[=a]-v[=a]', _n._ the same as _firn_ or _glacier snow_. -[Fr.,--L. _nix_, _nivis_, snow.] - -NEVEL, nev'el, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat with the fists. - -NEVER, nev'[.e]r, _adv._ not ever: at no time: in no degree: not.--_adv._ -NEV'ERMORE, at no future time.--_conj._ NEVERTHELESS', notwithstanding: in -spite of that (earlier _Natheless_).--_adv._ NEVERTHEMORE' (_Spens._), none -the more. [A.S. _n['ae]fre_--_ne_, not, _['ae]fre_, ever.] - -NEW, n[=u], _adj._ lately made: having happened lately: recent, modern: not -before seen or known: strange, different: recently commenced: changed for -the better: not of an ancient family: as at first: unaccustomed: fresh from -anything: uncultivated or only recently cultivated.--_adjs._ NEW'BORN -(_Shak._), recently born; NEW'COME, recently arrived.--_n._ NEW'-COM'ER, -one who has lately come.--_v.t._ NEW'-CREATE' (_Shak._), to create for the -first time.--_adjs._ NEW'-FASH'IONED, made in a new way or fashion: lately -come into fashion; NEW'-FLEDGED, having just got feathers; NEW'ISH, -somewhat new: nearly new.--_adv._ NEW'LY.--_adj._ NEW'-MADE (_Shak._), -recently made.--_v.t._ NEW'-MOD'EL, to model or form anew.--_n._ the -Parliamentary army as remodelled by Cromwell after the second battle of -Newbury, which gained a conclusive victory at Naseby (1645).--_n._ -NEW'NESS.--_adj._ NEW'-SAD (_Shak._), recently made sad.--NEW BIRTH (see -REGENERATION); NEW CHUM, a new arrival from the old country in Australia; -NEW CHURCH, NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, the Swedenborgian Church; NEW COVENANT -(see COVENANT); NEW DEPARTURE (see DEPARTURE); NEW ENGLANDER, a native or -resident in any of the New England states; NEW JERUSALEM, the heavenly -city; NEW LEARNING (see RENAISSANCE); NEW LIGHT, a member of a relatively -more advanced religious school--applied esp. to the party within the -18th-century Scottish Secession Church which adopted Voluntary views of the -relations of Church and State, also sometimes to the Socinianising party in -the Church of Scotland in the 18th century, &c.; NEW RED SANDSTONE -(_geol._), the name formerly given to the great series of red sandstones -which occur between the Carboniferous and Jurassic systems; NEW STYLE (see -STYLE); NEW WOMAN, a name humorously applied to such modern women as rebel -against the conventional restrictions of their sex, and ape men in their -freedom, education, pursuits, amusements, clothing, manners, and sometimes -morals; NEW WORLD, North and South America; NEW-YEAR'S DAY, the first day -of the new year. [A.S. _n['i]we_, _ne['o]we_; Ger. _neu_, Ir. _nuadh_, L. -_novus_, Gr. _neos_.] - -NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_archit._) the upright column about which the steps -of a circular staircase wind. [O. Fr. _nual_ (Fr. _noyau_), stone of -fruit--Low L. _nucalis_, like a nut--L. _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] - -NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_Spens._) a new thing: a novelty. - -NEWFANGLED, n[=u]-fang'gld, _adj._ fond of new things: newly devised, -novel.--_adv._ NEWFANG'LEDLY.--_ns._ NEWFANG'LEDNESS, NEWFANG'LENESS. -[Corr. from M. E. _newefangel_--_newe_ (A.S. _n['i]we_), new, _fangel_ -(A.S. _fangen_--_f['o]n_), ready to catch.] - -NEWFOUNDLAND, n[=u]-fownd'land, _n._ a large dog of great intelligence, a -strong swimmer, black without any white markings, first brought from -_Newfoundland_. - -NEWGATE, n[=u]'g[=a]t, _n._ a famous prison in London.--NEWGATE CALENDAR, a -list of Newgate prisoners, with their crimes; NEWGATE FRILL, or FRINGE, a -beard under the chin and jaw. - -NEWMARKET, n[=u]'mar-ket, _n._ a card-game for any number of persons, on a -table on which duplicates of certain cards have been placed face up: a -close-fitting coat, originally a riding-coat, a long close-fitting coat for -women. - -NEWS, n[=u]z, _n.sing._ something heard of that is new: recent account: -first information of something that has just happened or of something not -formerly known: intelligence.--_v.t._ to report.--_ns._ NEWS'AGENT, one who -deals in newspapers; NEWS'BOY, NEWS'MAN, a boy or man who delivers or sells -newspapers; NEWS'-HOUSE, a printing-office for newspapers only; -NEWS'LETTER, an occasional letter or printed sheet containing news, the -predecessor of the regular newspaper; NEWS'MONGER, one who deals in news: -one who spends much time in hearing and telling news; NEWS'PAPER, a paper -published periodically for circulating news, &c.--the first English -newspaper was published in 1622; NEWS'PAPERDOM; NEWS'PAPERISM.--_adj._ -NEWS'PAPERY, superficial.--_ns._ NEWS'ROOM, a room where newspapers, -magazines, &c. lie to be read; NEWS'VENDER, a seller of newspapers; -NEWS'-WRIT'ER, a reporter or writer of news.--_adj._ NEWS'Y, gossipy. [Late -M. E., an imit. of Fr. _nouvelles_.] - -NEWT, n[=u]t, _n._ a genus of amphibious animals like small lizards. -[Formed with initial _n_, borrowed from the article _an_, from _ewt_--A.S. -_efeta_.] - -NEWTONIAN, n[=u]-t[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ relating to, formed, or discovered by -Sir Isaac _Newton_, the celebrated philosopher (1642-1727)--also -NEWTON'IC.--NEWTONIAN TELESCOPE, a form of reflecting telescope. - -NEXT, nekst, _adj._ (_superl._ of NIGH) nearest in place, time, &c.--_adv._ -nearest or immediately after.--_prep._ nearest to.--_n._ NEXT'NESS.--NEXT -DOOR TO (see DOOR); NEXT TO NOTHING, almost nothing at all. [A.S. -_n['e]hst_, superl. of _n['e]h_, _ne['a]h_, near; Ger. _n[:a]chst_.] - -NEXUS, nek'sus, _n._ a tie, connecting principle, bond: (_Rom. law_) a -person who had contracted a _nexum_ or obligation of such a kind that, if -he failed to pay, his creditor could compel him to serve until the debt was -paid. [L.--_nect[)e]re_, to bind.] - -NIB, nib, _n._ something small and pointed: a point, esp. of a pen: the -bill of a bird: the handle of a scythe-snath.--_v.t._ to furnish with a -nib: to point.--_adj._ NIBBED, having a nib. [NEB.] - -NIBBLE, nib'l, _v.t._ to bite by small bits: to eat by little at a -time.--_v.i._ to bite gently: to find fault.--_n._ act of nibbling: a -little bit.--_ns._ NIBB'LER; NIBB'LING.--_adv._ NIBB'LINGLY. [Freq. of -_nip_.] - -NIBELUNGEN, n[=e]'bel-[=oo]ng-en, _n.pl._ a supernatural race in German -mythology guarding a treasure wrested from them by Siegfried, the hero of -the _Nibelungenlied_, an epic of _c._ 1190-1210. - -NIBLICK, nib'lik, _n._ a golf-club with cup-shaped head. - -NICE, n[=i]s, _adj._ foolishly simple: over-particular: hard to please: -fastidious: marking or taking notice of very small differences: done with -great care and exactness, accurate: easily injured: delicate: dainty: -agreeable: delightful.--_adv._ NICE'LY.--_ns._ NICE'NESS, quality of being -nice: exactness: scrupulousness: pleasantness; NIC'ETY, quality of being -nice: delicate management: exactness of treatment: fineness of perception: -fastidiousness: that which is delicate to the taste: a delicacy.--TO A -NICETY, with great exactness. [O. Fr. _nice_, foolish, simple--L. -_nescius_, ignorant--_ne_, not, _sc[=i]re_, to know.] - -NICENE, n[=i]'s[=e]n, _adj._ pertaining to the town of _Nice_ or _Nicaea_, -in Bithynia, Asia Minor, where an ecumenical council was held in 325 for -the purpose of defining the questions raised in the Arian controversy--it -promulgated the _Nicene Creed_. A second council, the seventh general -council, held here in 787, condemned the Iconoclasts. - -[Illustration] - -NICHE, nich, _n._ a recess in a wall for a statue, vase, &c.: a person's -proper place or condition in life or public estimation, one's appointed or -appropriate place.--_v.t._ to place in a niche.--_adj._ NICHED, placed in a -niche. [Fr.,--It. _nicchia_, a niche, _nicchio_, a shell--L. _mytilus_, -_mitulus_, a sea-mussel.] - -NICK, nik, _n._ a notch cut into something: a score for keeping an account: -the precise moment of time: a lucky throw at hazard.--_v.t._ to cut in -notches: to hit the precise time: to strike as if making a nick: to cheat: -catch in the act: to cut short: (_Scot._) to cut with a single snip, as of -shears: to make a cut with the pick in the face of coal to facilitate -blasting or wedging.--_adj._ NICK'-EARED, crop-eared.--_n._ NICK'ER, one -who, or that which, nicks: a woodpecker: a street-ruffian in the early part -of the 18th century.--NICK A HORSE'S TAIL, to make a cut at the root of the -tail, making the horse carry it higher. [Another spelling of _nock_, old -form of _notch_.] - -NICK, nik, _n._ the devil, esp. OLD NICK. [Prob. a corr. of St _Nicholas_, -or from A.S. _nicor_, a water-spirit; Ice. _nykr_, Ger. _nix_, _nixe_.] - -NICKEL, nik'el, _n._ a grayish-white metal related to cobalt, very -malleable and ductile.--_v.t._ to plate with nickel.--_ns._ NICK'ELAGE, -NICK'ELURE, the art of nickel-plating.--_adjs._ NICK'ELIC, NICK'ELOUS; -NICKELIF'EROUS, containing nickel.--_ns._ NICK'ELINE, NIC'COLITE, native -nickel arsenide.--_v.t._ NICK'ELISE, to plate with nickel.--_ns._ -NICK'EL-PLAT'ING, the plating of metals with nickel; NICK'EL-SIL'VER, -German silver (see GERMAN). [Sw. _koppar-nickel_ (Ger. _kupfernickel_), -_koppar_, copper, _nickel_, a word corresponding to Ger. _nickel_, the -devil (cf. _Cobalt_ and _Kobold_), or to Ice. _hnikill_, a lump.] - -NICKER, nik'[.e]r, _v.i._ to neigh: to snigger.--_n._ a neigh: a loud -laugh--(_obs._) NICH'ER. - -NICKNACK, nik'nak, _n._ a trifle--dim. NICK'NACKET.--_n._ NICK'NACKERY. -[Same as _Knick-knack_.] - -NICKNAME, nik'n[=a]m, _n._ a name given in contempt or sportive -familiarity.--_v.t._ to give a nickname to. [M. E. _neke-name_, with -intrusive initial _n_ from _eke-name_, surname; from _eke_ and _name_.] - -NICOTINE, nik'o-tin, _n._ a poisonous, volatile, alkaloid base, obtained -from tobacco.--_adj._ NIC[=O]'TIAN, pertaining to tobacco, from Jean -_Nicot_ (1530-1600), the benefactor who introduced it into France in -1560.--_n._ a smoker of tobacco.--_n.pl._ NICOTI[=A]'NA, the literature of -tobacco.--_n._ NIC'OTINISM, a morbid state induced by excessive misuse of -tobacco. - -NICTATE, nik't[=a]t, _v.i._ to wink--also NIC'TITATE.--_ns._ NIC'T[=A]TION, -NICTIT[=A]'TION.--NICTITATING MEMBRANE, a thin movable membrane covering -the eyes of birds. [L. _nict[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.] - -NIDDER, nid'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to keep under: to pinch with cold or -hunger: to molest. - -NIDDLE-NODDLE, nid'l-nod'l, _adj._ vacillating.--_v.i._ to wag the head. - -NIDERLING, nid'[.e]r-ling, _n._ a wicked fellow--also NID'ERING, -NITH'ING.--_n._ NIDD'ERING, a noodle. - -NIDGE, nij, _v.t._ to dress the face of (a stone) with a sharp-pointed -hammer. - -NIDGING, nij'ing, _adj._ trifling.--_n._ NIDG'ET, a fool. - -NIDIFICATION, nid-i-fi-k[=a]'shun, _n._ the act or art of building a nest, -and the hatching and rearing of the young.--_adj._ NIDAMENT'AL, pertaining -to nests or what protects eggs.--_n._ NIDAMENT'UM, an egg-case.--_vs.i._ -NID'IFICATE, NID'IFY.--_adjs._ NID'ULANT, NID'ULATE, lying free in a -cup-shaped body, or in pulp.--_n._ NIDUL[=A]'TION, nest-building. [L. -_nidus_, a nest, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -NIDOR, n[=i]'dor, _n._ odour, esp. of cooked food.--_adjs._ N[=I]'DOROSE, -N[=I]'DOROUS, N[=I]'DOSE. [L.] - -NIDUS, n[=i]'dus, _n._ a place, esp. in an animal body, in which a germ -lodges and begins to develop. [L.] - -NIECE, n[=e]s, _n._ (_fem._ of NEPHEW) the daughter of a brother or sister: -(_orig._) a granddaughter. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _nepta_--L. _neptis_, a -granddaughter, niece.] - -NIELLO, ni-el'lo, _n._ a method of ornamenting silver or gold plates by -engraving the surface, and filling up the lines with a black composition, -to give clearness and effect to the incised design: a work produced by this -method: an impression taken from the engraved surface before the incised -lines have been filled up: the compound used in niello-work.--_v.t._ to -decorate with niello.--_n._ NIELL'URE, the process, also the work done. -[It. _niello_--Low L. _nigellum_, a black enamel--L. _nigellus_, dim. of -_niger_, black.] - -NIERSTEINER, n[=e]r'st[=i]-ner, _n._ a variety of Rhine wine, named from -_Nierstein_, near Mainz. - -NIFFER, nif'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to barter.--_n._ an exchange. - -NIFFLE, nif'l, _v.t._ (_prov._) to pilfer.--_n._ NIFF'NAFF, a -trifle.--_adj._ NIFF'NAFFY, fastidious. - -NIFLHEIM, nifl'h[=i]m, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) a region of mist, ruled over -by Hel. - -NIFTY, nif'ti, _adj._ (_slang_) stylish. - -NIGELLA, n[=i]-jel'a, _n._ a genus of ranunculaceous plants, with finely -dissected leaves, and whitish, blue, or yellow flowers, often almost -concealed by their leafy involucres--_Nigella damascena_, called -Love-in-a-mist, Devil-in-a-bush, and Ragged Lady. - -NIGGARD, nig'ard, _n._ a person who is unwilling to spend or give away: a -miser.--_adjs._ NIGG'ARD, NIGG'ARDLY, having the qualities of a niggard: -miserly; NIGG'ARDISH, rather niggardly.--_n._ NIGG'ARDLINESS, meanness in -giving or spending--(_Spens._) NIGG'ARDISE.--_adv._ NIGG'ARDLY. [Ice. -_hn[:o]ggr_, stingy; Ger. _genau_, close.] - -NIGGER, nig'[.e]r, _n._ a black man, a negro: a native of the East Indies -or one of the Australian aborigines: a black caterpillar: a Cornish -holothurian.--_v.t._ to exhaust soil by cropping it year by year without -manure.--_n._ NIGG'ERDOM, niggers collectively.--_adjs._ NIGG'ERISH, -NIGG'ERY.--_ns._ NIGG'ER-KILL'ER, a scorpion; NIGG'ERLING, a little nigger. - -NIGGLE, nig'l, _v.i._ to trifle, busy one's self with petty matters: to -cramp.--_v.t._ to fill with excessive detail: to befool.--_n._ small -cramped handwriting.--_ns._ NIGG'LER, one who trifles; NIGG'LING, -fussiness, finicking work.--_adj._ mean: fussy. [Freq. of _nig_, which may -be a variant of _nick_.] - -NIGH, n[=i], _adj._ near: not distant in place or time: not far off in -degree, kindred, &c.: close.--_adv._ nearly: almost.--_prep._ near to: not -distant from.--_adv._ NIGH'LY, nearly: within a little.--_n._ NIGH'NESS, -the state or quality of being nigh: nearness. [A.S. _n['e]ah_, _n['e]h_; -Dut. _na_, Ger. _nahe_.] - -NIGHT, n[=i]t, _n._ the end of the day: the time from sunset to sunrise: -darkness: ignorance, affliction, or sorrow: death.--_ns._ NIGHT'-BELL, a -bell for use at night--of a physician, &c.; NIGHT'-BIRD, a bird that flies -only at night, esp. the owl: the nightingale, as singing at night; -NIGHT'-BLIND'NESS, inability to see in a dim light, nyctalopia; -NIGHT'-BRAWL'ER, one who raises disturbances in the night; NIGHT'CAP, a cap -worn at night in bed (so NIGHT'DRESS, -SHIRT, &c.): a dram taken before -going to bed: a cap drawn over the face before hanging; NIGHT'-CART, a cart -used to remove the contents of privies before daylight; NIGHT'-CHAIR, a -night-stool; NIGHT'-CHURR, or -JAR, the British species of goat-sucker, so -called from the sound of its cry.--_n.pl._ NIGHT'-CLOTHES, garments worn in -bed.--_ns._ NIGHT'-CROW, a bird that cries in the night; NIGHT'-DOG -(_Shak._), a dog that hunts in the night.--_adj._ NIGHT'ED, benighted: -(_Shak._) darkened, clouded.--_ns._ NIGHT'FALL, the fall or beginning of -the night: the close of the day: evening; NIGHT'FARING, travelling by -night; NIGHT'FIRE, a fire burning in the night: a will-o'-the-wisp; -NIGHT'-FISH'ERY, a mode of fishing by night, or a place where this is done; -NIGHT'-FLY, a moth that flies at night; NIGHT'-FOE, one who makes his -attack by night; NIGHT'-FOSS'ICKER, one who robs a digging by -night.--_adj._ NIGHT'-FOUN'DERED, lost in the night.--_ns._ NIGHT'-FOWL, a -night-bird; NIGHT'-GLASS, a spy-glass with concentrating lenses for use at -night; NIGHT'-GOWN, a long loose robe for sleeping in, for men or women; a -loose gown for wearing in the house; NIGHT'-HAG, a witch supposed to be -abroad at night; NIGHT'-HAWK, a species of migratory goat-sucker, common in -America; NIGHT'-HER'ON, a heron of nocturnal habit; NIGHT'-HOUSE, a tavern -allowed to be open during the night; NIGHT'-HUNT'ER, a degraded woman who -prowls about the streets at night for her prey; NIGHT'-LAMP, or -LIGHT, a -light left burning all night.--_adj._ NIGHT'LESS, having no night.--_n._ -NIGHT'-LINE, a fishing-line set overnight.--_adj._ and _adv._ NIGHT'LONG, -lasting all night.--_adj._ NIGHT'LY, done by night: done every -night.--_adv._ by night: every night.--_ns._ NIGHT'-MAN, a night-watchman -or scavenger; NIGHT'-OWL, an owl of exclusively nocturnal habits: one who -sits up very late; NIGHT'-PAL'SY, a numbness of the lower limbs, incidental -to women; NIGHT'PIECE, a picture or literary description of a night-scene: -a painting to be seen best by artificial light; NIGHT'-POR'TER, a porter in -attendance during the night at hotels, railway stations, &c.; NIGHT'-RAIL, -a night-gown: a 17th-century form of head-dress; NIGHT'-RAV'EN (_Shak._), a -bird that cries at night, supposed to be of ill-omen; NIGHT'-REST, the -repose of the night; NIGHT'-RULE (_Shak._), a frolic at night.--_adv._ -NIGHTS (_obs._), by night.--_ns._ NIGHT'-SCHOOL, a school held at night, -esp. for those at work during the day; NIGHT'-SEA'SON, the time of night; -NIGHT'SHADE, a name of several plants of the genus _Solanum_, having -narcotic properties, often found in damp shady woods; NIGHT'-SHRIEK, a cry -in the night; NIGHT'-SIDE, the dark, mysterious, or gloomy side of -anything; NIGHT'-SING'ER, any bird like the nightingale, esp. the Irish -sedge-warbler; NIGHT'-SOIL, the contents of privies, cesspools, &c., -generally carried away at night; NIGHT'-SPELL, a charm against accidents by -night; NIGHT'-STEED, one of the horses in the chariot of NIGHT; -NIGHT'-STOOL, a close-stool for use in a bedroom; NIGHT'-T[=A]'PER, a -night-light burning slowly.--_n.pl._ NIGHT'-TERR'ORS, the sudden starting -from sleep of children in a state of fright.--_p.adj._ NIGHT'-TRIP'PING -(_Shak._), tripping about in the night.--_ns._ NIGHT'-WAK'ING, watching in -the night; NIGHT'-WALK, a walk in the night; NIGHT'-WALK'ER, one who walks -in his sleep at night, a somnambulist: one who walks about at night for bad -purposes, esp. a prostitute; NIGHT'-WALK'ING, walking in one's sleep, -somnambulism: roving about at night with evil designs; NIGHT'-WAN'DERER, -one who wanders by night.--_adjs._ NIGHT'-WAR'BLING, singing in the night; -NIGHT'WARD, toward night.--_ns._ NIGHT'-WATCH, a watch or guard at night: -time of watch in the night; NIGHT'-WATCH'MAN, one who acts as a watch -during the night; NIGHT'-WORK, work done at night. [A.S. _niht_; Ger. -_nacht_, L. _nox_.] - -NIGHTINGALE, n[=i]t'in-g[=a]l, _n._ a small sylviine bird, of the Passerine -family, widely distributed in the Old World, celebrated for the rich -love-song of the male heard chiefly at night. [A.S. _nihtegale_--_niht_, -night, _galan_, to sing; Ger. _nachtigall_.] - -NIGHTINGALE, n[=i]t'in-g[=a]l, _n._ a kind of flannel scarf with sleeves, -worn by invalids when sitting up in bed. [From the famous Crimean hospital -nurse, Florence _Nightingale_, born 1820.] - -NIGHTMARE, n[=i]t'm[=a]r, _n._ a dreadful dream accompanied with pressure -on the breast, and a feeling of powerlessness to move or speak--personified -as an incubus or evil-spirit.--_adj._ NIGHT'MARISH. [A.S. _niht_, night, -_mara_, a nightmare; cf. Old High Ger. _mara_, incubus, Ice. _mara_, -nightmare.] - -NIGRESCENT, n[=i]-gres'ent, _adj._ growing black or dark: approaching to -blackness.--_n._ NIGRESC'ENCE. [L., _nigresc[)e]re_, to grow -black--_niger_, black.] - -NIGRITE, nig'r[=i]t, _n._ an insulating composition consisting of the -impure residuum obtained in the distillation of paraffin. [L. _niger_, -black.] - -NIGRITIAN, ni-grish'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Nigritia_, Upper Guinea, -Senegambia, and the Soudan region generally, the home of the true -negroes.--_n._ a native of this region, a negro. - -NIGRITUDE, nig'ri-t[=u]d, _n._ blackness. [L. _nigritudo_--_niger_, black.] - -NIGROSINE, nig'r[=o]-sin, _n._ a coal-tar colour prepared from the -hydrochloride of violaniline. [L. _niger_, black.] - -NIHIL, n[=i]'hil, _n._ nothing.--_ns._ N[=I]'HILISM, belief in nothing, -extreme scepticism: in Russia, a revolutionary socialistic movement aiming -at the overturn of all the existing institutions of society in order to -build it up anew on different principles; N[=I]'HILIST, one who professes -Nihilism.--_adj._ NIHILIST'IC.--_ns._ NIHIL'ITY, nothingness; NIL, nothing. -[L.] - -NIKE, n[=i]'k[=e], _n._ the goddess of victory. [Gr.] - -NILGAU. See NYL-GHAU. - -NILL, nil, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to refuse, to reject.--_v.i._ to be unwilling. -[A.S. _nillan_--_ne_, not, _willan_, to will.] - -NILOMETER, n[=i]-lom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a gauge for measuring the height of -water in the river _Nile_: any river-gauge--also N[=I]'LOSCOPE.--_adj._ -NILOT'IC. - -NIM, nim, _v.t._ to steal, pilfer. [A.S. _niman_, to take.] - -NIMBLE, nim'bl, _adj._ light and quick in motion: active: swift.--_adjs._ -NIM'BLE-FING'ERED, skilful with the fingers, thievish; NIM'BLE-FOOT'ED, -swift of foot.--_ns._ NIM'BLENESS, NIM'BLESS (_Spens._), quickness of -motion either in body or mind.--_adj._ NIM'BLE-WIT'TED, -quick-witted.--_adv._ NIM'BLY. [M. E. _nimel_--A.S. _niman_, to catch; cf. -Ger. _nehmen_.] - -NIMBUS, nim'bus, _n._ the raincloud: (_paint._) the disc or halo, generally -circular or semicircular, which encircles the head of the sacred person -represented.--_adj._ NIMBIF'EROUS, bringing clouds. [L.] - -NIMIETY, ni-m[=i]'e-ti, _n._ (rare) state of being too much. [L. -_nimietas_--_nimis_, too much.] - -NIMINY-PIMINY, nim'i-ni-pim'i-ni, _adj._ affectedly fine or delicate.--_n._ -affected delicacy. [Imit.] - -NIMROD, nim'rod, _n._ the founder of Babel (see Gen. x. 8-10): any great -hunter. - -NINCOMPOOP, nin'kom-poop, _n._ a simpleton. [Corr. of L. _non compos_ -(_mentis_), not of sound mind.] - -NINE, n[=i]n, _adj._ and _n._ eight and one.--_n._ NINE'-EYES, a popular -name for the young lampreys found in rivers.--_adj._ NINE'FOLD, nine times -folded or repeated.--_ns._ NINE'HOLES, a game in which a ball is to be -bowled into nine holes in the ground or a board; NINE'PINS, a game at -bowls, a form of skittles, so called from nine pins being set up to be -knocked down by a ball.--_adj._ NINE'-SCORE, nine times twenty.--_n._ the -number of nine times twenty.--_adj._ and _n._ NINE'TEEN, nine and -ten.--_adj._ NINE'TEENTH, the ninth after the tenth: being one of nineteen -equal parts.--_n._ a nineteenth part.--_adj._ NINE'TIETH, the last of -ninety: next after the eighty-ninth.--_n._ a ninetieth part.--_adj._ and -_n._ NINE'TY, nine tens.--_adj._ NINTH, the last of nine: next after the -eighth.--_n._ one of nine equal parts.--_adv._ NINTH'LY, in the ninth -place.--NINE DAYS' WONDER (see WONDER); NINE MEN'S MORRIS (see MORRIS); -NINE WORTHIES, Hector, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Joshua, David, -Judas Maccabaeus, Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon; THE NINE, the -nine muses (see MUSE); TO THE NINES, to perfection, fully, elaborately. -[A.S. _nigon_; Dut. _negen_, L. _novem_, Gr. _ennea_, Sans. _navan_.] - -NINNY, nin'i, _n._ a simpleton.--Also NINN'Y-HAMM'ER. [It. _ninno_, child; -Sp. _nino_, infant.] - -NIOBE, n[=i]'o-b[=e], _n._ daughter of Tantalus, and wife of Amphion, king -of Thebes. Proud of her many children, she gloried over Latona, who had but -two, Artemis and Apollo. But these killed them all, on which the weeping -mother was turned into stone by Zeus.--_adj._ NIOB[=E]'AN. - -NIOBIUM, n[=i]-[=o]'bi-um, _n._ a rare metal, steel-gray in colour, -discovered in the mineral Tantalite--sometimes called _Columbium_. - -NIP, nip, _n._ a sip, esp. of spirits--also NIP'PER (_U.S._).--_v.i._ to -take a dram.--_n._ NIP'PERKIN, a small measure of liquor. [Dut. _nippen_, -to sip.] - -NIP, nip, _v.t._ to pinch: to press between two surfaces: to cut off the -edge: to check the growth or vigour of: to destroy: to bite, sting, -satirise:--_pr.p._ nip'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ nipped.--_n._ a pinch: a -seizing or closing in upon: a cutting off the end: a blast: destruction by -frost: (_min._) a more or less gradual thinning out of a stratum: (_naut._) -a short turn in a rope, the part of a rope at the place bound by the -seizing or caught by jambing.--_ns._ NIP'-CHEESE, a stingy fellow: -(_naut._) the purser's steward; NIP'PER, he who, or that which, nips: one -of various tools or implements like pincers: one of a pair of automatically -locking handcuffs: a chela or great claw, as of a crab: the young bluefish: -a boy who attends on navvies: (_obs._) a thief: one of the four fore-teeth -of a horse: (_pl._) small pincers.--_v.t._ to seize (two ropes) -together.--_adv._ NIP'PINGLY.--NIP IN THE BUD, to cut off in the earliest -stage. [From root of _knife_; Dut. _knijpen_, Ger. _kneipen_, to pinch.] - -NIPPERTY-TIPPERTY, nip'[.e]r-ti-tip'[.e]r-ti, _adj._ (_Scot._) silly, -frivolous. - -NIPPLE, nip'l, _n._ the pap by which milk is drawn from the breasts of -females: a teat: a small projection with an orifice, as the nipple of a -gun.--_v.t._ to furnish with a nipple.--_ns._ NIPP'LE-SHIELD, a defence for -the nipple worn by nursing women; NIPP'LE-WORT, a small, yellow-flowered -plant of remedial use. [A dim. of _neb_ or _nib_.] - -NIPPY, nip'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) sharp in taste: curt: parsimonious. - -NIPTER, nip't[.e]r, _n._ the ecclesiastical ceremony of washing the -feet--the same as maundy. [Gr. _nipt[=e]r_, a basin--_niptein_, to wash.] - -NIRLES, NIRLS, nirlz, _n._ herpes. - -NIRVANA, nir-v[:a]'na, _n._ the cessation of individual existence--the -state to which a Buddhist aspires as the best attainable. [Sans., 'a -blowing out.'] - -NIS, nis (_Spens._), is not. [A contr. of _ne is_.] - -NIS, nis, _n._ a hobgoblin. [Same as _Nix_.] - -NISAN, n[=i]'san, _n._ the name given after the Captivity to the Jewish -month Abib. [Heb.] - -NISI, n[=i]'s[=i], _conj._ unless, placed after the words 'decree' or -'rule,' to indicate that the decree or rule will be made absolute unless, -after a time, some condition referred to be fulfilled.--NISI PRIUS, the -name usually given in England to the sittings of juries in civil -cases--from the first two words of the old Latin writ summoning the juries -to appear at Westminster _unless_, _before_ the day appointed, the judges -shall have come to the county. - -NISUS, n[=i]'sus, _n._ effort, attempt.--NISUS FORMATIVUS (_biol._), -formative effort. [L.] - -NIT, nit, _n._ the egg of a louse or other small insect.--_adj._ NIT'TY, -full of nits. [A.S. _hnitu_; Ger. _niss_.] - -NITHING, n[=i]'_th_ing, _adj._ wicked, mean.--_n._ a wicked man. [A.S. -_n['i]thing_; Ger. _neiding_.] - -NITHSDALE, niths'd[=a]l, _n._ a hood which can be drawn over the face. -[From the Jacobite Earl of _Nithsdale_ who escaped from the Tower in -women's clothes brought in by his wife, in 1716.] - -NITID, nit'id, _adj._ shining: gay.--_n._ N[=I]'TENCY, brightness. [L. -_nitidus_--_nit[=e]re_, to shine.] - -NITRE, n[=i]'t[.e]r, _n._ the nitrate of potash--also called -_Saltpetre_.--_n._ N[=I]'TR[=A]TE, a salt of nitric acid.--_adjs._ -N[=I]'TR[=A]TED, combined with nitric acid; N[=I]'TRIC, pertaining to, -formed from, or containing or resembling nitre.--_n._ N[=I]'TRIC AC'ID, an -acid got by distilling a mixture of sulphuric acid and nitrate of -sodium--it acts powerfully on metals, and is known by the name of -_Aqua-fortis_.--_adj._ NITRIF'EROUS, nitre-bearing.--_n._ -NITRIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ N[=I]'TRIFY, to convert into nitre.--_v.i._ to -become nitre:--_pr.p._ n[=i]'trifying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -n[=i]'trified.--_ns._ N[=I]'TRITE, a salt of nitrous acid; -N[=I]'TRO-BEN'ZOL, a yellow oily fluid, obtained by treating benzol with -warm fuming nitric acid--used in perfumery and known as _Essence of -mirbane_; N[=I]'TRO-GLYC'ERINE, a powerfully explosive compound produced by -the action of nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerine--sometimes used in -minute doses as a medicine.--_adjs._ NITROSE', N[=I]'TROUS, resembling, or -containing, nitre.--_n._ N[=I]'TROUS OX'IDE, a combination of oxygen and -nitrogen, called also _Laughing gas_, which causes, when breathed, -insensibility to pain.--_adj._ N[=I]'TRY, of or producing nitre.--CUBIC -NITRE, nitrate of soda, so called because it crystallises in cubes. -[Fr.,--L. _nitrum_--Gr. _nitron_, natron, potash, soda--Ar. _nitr['u]n_, -_natr['u]n_.] - -NITROGEN, n[=i]'tro-jen, _n._ a gas forming nearly four-fifths of common -air, a necessary constituent of every organised body, so called from its -being an essential constituent of nitre.--_adjs._ NITROGEN'IC, -NITROG'ENOUS.--_v.t._ NITROG'ENISE, to impregnate with nitrogen.--_n._ -NITROM'ETER, an apparatus for estimating nitrogen in some of its -combinations. [Gr. _nitron_, and _gennaein_, to generate.] - -NITTER, nit'[.e]r, _n._ a bot-fly, the horse-bot. - -NITTINGS, nit'ingz, _n.pl._ small particles of coal or refuse of any ore. - -NIVAL, n[=i]'val, _adj._ snowy, growing among snow.--_adj._ NIV'EOUS, -snowy, white.--_n._ NIV[^O]SE (n[=e]-v[=o]z'), the 4th month of the French -revolutionary calendar, Dec. 21-Jan. 19. [L. _niveus_--_nix_, _nivis_, -snow.] - -NIX, niks, _n._ (_Teut. myth._) a water-spirit, mostly malignant.--Also -NIX'IE, NIX'Y. [Ger. _nix_; cf. _Nicker_.] - -NIX, niks, _n._ nothing: (_U.S._) in the postal service, anything -unmailable because addressed to places which are not post-offices or to -post-offices not existing in the States, &c., indicated in the -address--usually in _pl._ [Ger. _nichts_, nothing.] - -NIX, niks, _interj._ a roughs' street-cry of warning at the policeman, &c. - -NIZAM, ni-zam', _n._ the title of the sovereign of Hyderabad in India, -first used in 1713: _sing._ and _pl._ the Turkish regulars, or one of them. -[Hind., contr. of _Nizam-ul-Mulk_=Regulator of the state.] - -NO, n[=o], _adv._ the word of refusal or denial: not at all: never: not so: -not.--_n._ a denial: a vote against or in the negative:--_pl._ NOES -(n[=o]z).--_adj._ not any: not one: none.--_advs._ N[=O]'WAY, in no way, -manner, or degree--also N[=O]'WAYS; N[=O]'WISE, in no way, manner, or -degree.--NO ACCOUNT, worthless; NO DOUBT, surely; NO GO (see GO); NO JOKE, -not a trifling matter. [A.S. _n['a]_, compounded of _ne_, not, and _['a]_ -ever; _nay_, the neg. of _aye_, is Scand.] - -NOACHIAN, n[=o]-[=a]'ki-an, _adj._ pertaining to the patriarch _Noah_, or -to his time--also NOACH'IC.--NOAH'S ARK, a child's toy in imitation of the -ark of Noah and its inhabitants. - -NOB, nob, _n._ the head: a knobstick.--ONE FOR HIS NOB, a blow on the head -in boxing: a point at cribbage by holding the knave of trumps. [_Knob._] - -NOB, nob, _n._ a superior sort of person.--_adv._ NOB'BILY.--_adj._ NOB'BY, -smart, fashionable: good, capital. [A contr. of _nobleman._] - -NOBBLE, nob'l, _v.t._ (_slang_) to get hold of dishonestly, to steal: to -baffle or circumvent dexterously: to injure, destroy the chances of, as a -racer.--_n._ NOBB'LER, a finishing-stroke: a thimble-rigger's confederate: -a dram of spirits. - -NOBILITY, no-bil'i-ti, _n._ the quality of being noble: high rank: dignity: -excellence: greatness of mind or character: antiquity of family: descent -from noble ancestors: the persons holding the rank of nobles.--_adj._ -NOBIL'IARY, pertaining to the nobility.--_v.t._ NOBIL'ITATE, to -ennoble.--_n._ NOBILIT[=A]'TION. - -NOBLE, n[=o]'bl, _adj._ illustrious: high in rank or character: of high -birth: magnificent: generous: excellent.--_n._ a person of exalted rank: a -peer: an obsolete gold coin=6s. 8d. sterling.--_n._ N[=O]'BLEMAN, a man who -is noble or of rank: a peer: one above a commoner.--_adj._ -N[=O]'BLE-MIND'ED, having a noble mind.--_ns._ N[=O]BLE-MIND'EDNESS; -N[=O]'BLENESS, the quality of being noble: excellence in quality: dignity: -greatness by birth or character: ingenuousness: worth; NOBLESS', NOBLESSE' -(_Spens._), nobility: greatness: the nobility collectively; N[=O]'BLEWOMAN, -the fem. of NOBLEMAN.--_adv._ N[=O]'BLY.--NOBLE ART, boxing; NOBLE METALS -(see METAL).--MOST NOBLE, the style of a duke. [Fr.,--L. _nobilis_, obs. -_gnobilis_--_nosc[)e]re_ (_gnosc[)e]re_), to know.] - -NOBODY, n[=o]'bod-i, _n._ no body or person: no one: a person of no -account, one not in fashionable society. - -NOCAKE, n[=o]'k[=a]k, _n._ meal made of parched corn, once much used by -North American Indians on the march. [Amer. Ind. _nookik_, meal.] - -NOCENT, n[=o]'sent, _adj._ (_obs._) hurtful: guilty.--_n._ one who is -hurtful or guilty.--_adv._ N[=O]'CENTLY. [L. _noc[=e]re_, to hurt.] - -NOCK, nok, _n._ the forward upper end of a sail that sets with a boom: a -notch, esp. that on the butt-end of an arrow for the string. [Cf. _Notch._] - -NOCTAMBULATION, nok-tam-b[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ walking in sleep.--_ns._ -NOCTAM'BULISM, sleep-walking; NOCTAM'BULIST, one who walks in his sleep. -[L. _nox_, _noctis_, night, _ambul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to walk.] - -NOCTILIO, nok-til'i-[=o], _n._ a genus of American bats. - -NOCTILUCA, nok-ti-l[=u]'ka, _n._ a phosphorescent marine Infusorian, -abundant around the British coasts, one of the chief causes of the -phosphorescence of the waves.--_adjs._ NOCTIL[=U]'CENT, NOCTIL[=U]'CID, -NOCTIL[=U]'COUS, shining in the dark. [L. _nox_, _noctis_, night, -_luc[=e]re_, to shine.] - -NOCTIVAGANT, nok-tiv'a-gant, _adj._ wandering in the night.--_n._ -NOCTIVAG[=A]'TION.--_adj._ NOCTIV'AGOUS. [L. _nox_, _noctis_, night, -_vag[=a]ri_, to wander.] - -NOCTOGRAPH, nok'to-graf, _n._ a writing-frame for the blind: an instrument -for recording the presence of a night-watchman on his beat.--_n._ -NOCTURN'OGRAPH, an instrument for recording work done in factories, &c., -during the night. [L. _nox_, Gr. _graphein_, to write.] - -NOCTUA, nok't[=u]-a, _n._ a generic name variously used--giving name to the -NOCT[=U]'IDAE, a large family of nocturnal lepidopterous insects, -strong-bodied moths.--_n._ NOC'TUID.--_adjs._ NOCT[=U]'IDOUS; NOC'TUIFORM; -NOC'TUOID. - -NOCTUARY, nok't[=u]-[=a]-ri, _n._ an account kept of the events or thoughts -of night. - -NOCTULE, nok't[=u]l, _n._ a vespertilionine bat. [Fr.,--L. _nox_, _noctis_, -night.] - -NOCTURN, nok'turn, _n._ in the early church, a service of psalms and -prayers at midnight or at daybreak: a portion of the psalter used at -nocturns. [Fr. _nocturne_--L. _nocturnus_--_nox_, _noctis_, night.] - -NOCTURNAL, nok-tur'nal, _adj._ pertaining to night: happening by night: -nightly.--_n._ an instrument for observations in the night.--_adv._ -NOCTUR'NALLY. - -NOCTURNE, nok'turn, _n._ a painting showing a scene by night: a piece of -music of a dreamy character suitable to evening or night thoughts: a -serenade: a reverie. [Fr.; cf. _Nocturn_.] - -NOCUOUS, nok'[=u]-us, _adj._ hurtful.--_adv._ NOC'UOUSLY. [L. -_nocuus_--_noc[=e]re_, to hurt.] - -NOD, nod, _v.i._ to give a quick forward motion of the head: to bend the -head in assent: to salute by a quick motion of the head: to let the head -drop in weariness.--_v.t._ to incline: to signify by a nod:--_pr.p._ -nod'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ nod'ded.--_n._ a bending forward of the head -quickly: a slight bow: a command.--_ns._ NOD'DER; NOD'DING.--_adj._ -inclining the head quickly: indicating by a nod: acknowledged by a nod -merely, as a nodding acquaintance: (_bot._) having the flower looking -downwards.--LAND OF NOD, the state of sleep. [M. E. _nodden_, not in A.S.; -but cf. Old High Ger. _hn[=o]ton_, to shake, prov. Ger. _notteln_, to wag.] - -NODDLE, nod'l, _n._ properly, the projecting part at the back of the head: -the head.--_v.i._ to nod repeatedly. [A variant of _knot_; cf. Old Dut. -_knodde_, a knob, Ger. _knoten_, a knot.] - -NODDY, nod'i, _n._ one whose head nods from weakness: a stupid fellow: a -sea-fowl--easily taken: a four-wheeled carriage with a door at the back: an -upright flat spring with a weight on the top, forming an inverted pendulum, -indicating the vibration of any body to which it is attached. [_Nod._] - -NODE, n[=o]d, _n._ a knot: a knob: a knot or entanglement: (_astron._) one -of the two points in which the orbit of a planet intersects the plane of -the ecliptic: (_bot._) the joint of a stem: the plot of a piece in poetry: -(_math._) a point at which a curve cuts itself, and through which more than -one tangent to the curve can be drawn: a similar point on a surface, where -there is more than one tangent-plane.--_adjs._ NOD'AL, pertaining to nodes; -NOD[=A]T'ED, knotted.--_ns._ NOD[=A]'TION, the act of making knots: the -state of being knotted; NODE'-COUP'LE, a pair of points on a surface at -which one plane is tangent; NODE'-CUSP, a peculiar kind of curve formed by -the union of a node, a cusp, an inflection, and a bitangent.--_adjs._ -NOD'ICAL, pertaining to the nodes: from a node round to the same node -again; NODIF'EROUS (_bot._), bearing nodes; N[=O]'DIFORM; NOD'OSE, full of -knots: having knots or swelling joints: knotty.--_n._ NODOS'ITY.--_adjs._ -NOD'ULAR, of or like a nodule; NOD'UL[=A]TED, having nodules.--_ns._ -NOD'ULE, NOD'ULUS, a little knot: a small lump.--_adjs._ NOD'ULED, having -nodules or little knots or lumps; NODULIF'EROUS; NOD'ULIFORM; NOD'ULOSE, -NOD'ULOUS (_bot._), having nodules or small knots: knotty.--_ns._ -NOD'ULUS:--_pl._ NOD'UL[=I]; N[=O]'DUS:--_pl._ N[=O]'D[=I]. [L. _nodus_ -(for _gnodus_), allied to _Knot_.] - -NOEL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas.--Same as NOWEL (q.v.). - -NOEMATIC, -AL, n[=o]-[=e]-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ intellectual--also NOET'IC, --AL.--_adv._ NOEMAT'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ NOEM'ICS, intellectual science. [Gr. -_no[=e]ma_--_noein_, to perceive.] - -NOETIAN, n[=o]-[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to NOE'TUS or NOE'TIANISM, a -form of Patripassianism taught by _Noetus_ of Smyrna about 200 A.D. - -NOG, nog, _n._ a mug, small pot: a kind of strong ale. - -NOG, nog, _n._ a tree nail driven through the heels of the shores, to -secure them: one of the pins in the lever of a clutch-coupling: a piece of -wood in an inner wall: a cog in mining. - -NOGGIN, nog'in, _n._ a small mug or wooden cup, or its contents, a dram -suitable for one person. [Ir. _noigin_, Gael. _noigean_.] - -NOGGING, nog'ging, _n._ a partition of wooden posts with the spaces between -filled up with bricks: brick-building filling up the spaces between the -wooden posts of a partition. - -NOHOW, n[=o]'how, _adv._ not in any way, not at all: (_coll._) out of one's -ordinary way, out of sorts. - -NOIANCE, noi'ans, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as ANNOYANCE. - -NOILS, noilz, _n.pl._ short pieces of wool separated from the longer fibres -by combing. - -NOINT, noint, _v.t._ (_Shak._). Same as ANOINT. - -NOISE, noiz, _n._ sound of any kind: any over-loud or excessive sound, din: -frequent or public talk: (_Shak._) report: a musical band.--_v.t._ to -spread by rumour.--_v.i._ to sound loud.--_adjs._ NOISE'FUL, noisy; -NOISE'LESS, without noise: silent.--_adv._ NOISE'LESSLY.--_n._ -NOISE'LESSNESS.--MAKE A NOISE IN THE WORLD, to attract great notoriety. -[Fr. _noise_, quarrel; prob. from L. _nausea_, disgust; but possibly from -L. _noxa_, hurt--_noc[=e]re_, to hurt.] - -NOISETTE, nwo-zet', _n._ a variety of rose. [Fr.] - -NOISOME, noi'sum, _adj._ injurious to health: disgusting to sight or -smell.--_adv._ NOI'SOMELY.--_n._ NOI'SOMENESS. [M. E. _noy_, annoyance. Cf. -_Annoy_.] - -NOISY, noiz'i, _adj._ making a loud noise or sound: attended with noise: -clamorous: turbulent.--_adv._ NOIS'ILY.--_n._ NOIS'INESS. - -NOKES, n[=o]ks, _n._ a simpleton. - -NOLENS VOLENS, n[=o]lens vol'ens, unwilling (or) willing: -willy-nilly.--_n._ NOLI-ME-TANGERE (n[=o]'l[=i]-m[=e]-tan'je-r[=e]), the -wild cucumber: lupus of the nose: a picture showing Jesus appearing to Mary -Magdalene, as in John XX.--NOLLE PROSEQUI (nol'e pros'e-kw[=i]), a term -used in English law to indicate that the plaintiff does not intend to go on -with his action. [L. _nolle_, to be unwilling, _velle_, to be willing, -_tang[)e]re_, to touch, _prosequi_, to prosecute.] - -NOLL, nol, _n._ the head. - -NOM, nong, _n._ name.--NOM DE PLUME, 'pen-name:' the signature assumed by -an author instead of his own name--not a Fr. phrase, but one of Eng. -manufacture from Fr. _nom_, a name, _de_, of, _plume_, a pen. - -NOMAD, NOMADE, nom'ad, _n._ one of a tribe that wanders about in quest of -game, or of pasture for their flocks.--_adj._ NOMAD'IC, of or for the -feeding of cattle: pastoral: pertaining to the life of nomads: wandering: -unsettled: rude.--_adv._ NOMAD'ICALLY.--_v.i._ NOM'ADISE, to lead a nomadic -or vagabond life.--_n._ NOM'ADISM, the state of being nomadic: habits of -nomads. [Gr. _nomas_, _nomados_--_nomos_, pasture--_nemein_, to drive to -pasture.] - -NOMANCY, n[=o]'man-si, _n._ divination from the letters in a name. - -NO-MAN'S-LAND, n[=o]'-manz-land, _n._ a region to which no one possesses a -recognised claim. - -NOMARCH, nom'[:a]rk, _n._ the ruler of a NOME, or division of a province, -as in modern Greece.--_n._ NOM'ARCHY, the district governed by a nomarch. -[Gr. _nomos_, district, _arch[=e]_, rule.] - -NOMBRIL, nom'bril, _n._ (_her._) the navel-point. - -NOME, n[=o]m, _n._ See NOMARCH. - -NOMEN, n[=o]'men, _n._ a name, esp. of the _gens_ or clan, as Caius -_Julius_ Caesar. [L.] - -NOMENCLATOR, n[=o]'men-kl[=a]-tor, _n._ one who gives names to -things:--_fem._ N[=O]'MENCLATRESS.--_adjs._ NOMENCLAT[=O]'RIAL, -N[=O]'MENCL[=A]TORY, N[=O]'MENCL[=A]T[=U]RAL.--_n._ N[=O]'MENCL[=A]TURE, a -system of naming: a list of names: a calling by name: the peculiar terms of -a science. [L.,--_nomen_, a name, _cal[=a]re_, to call.] - -NOMIAL, n[=o]'mi-al, _n._ (_alg._) a single name or term. - -NOMIC, nom'ik, _adj._ customary, applied to the common mode of -spelling--opp. to _Glossic_ and _Phonetic_. [Gr. _nomos_, custom.] - -NOMINAL, nom'in-al, _adj._ pertaining to a name: existing only in name: -having a name.--_ns._ NOM'INALISM, the doctrine that general terms have no -corresponding reality either in or out of the mind, being mere words; -NOM'INALIST, one of a sect of philosophers who held the doctrine of -nominalism.--_adj._ NOMINALIST'IC, pertaining to nominalism.--_adv._ -NOM'INALLY. [L. _nominalis_--_nomen_, _-[)i]nis_, a name.] - -NOMINATE, nom'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to name: to mention by name: to appoint: to -propose by name, as for an office or for an appointment.--_adv._ -NOM'IN[=A]TELY, by name.--_ns._ NOM'IN[=A]TION, the act or power of -nominating: state of being nominated; NOM'IN[=A]TION-GAME, in billiards, a -game in which the player has to name beforehand what stroke he is -leading.--_adjs._ NOMIN[=A]T[=I]'VAL; NOM'IN[=A]TIVE, naming: (_gram._) -applied to the case of the subject.--_n._ the naming case, the case in -which the subject is expressed.--_adv._ NOM'IN[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ -NOM'IN[=A]TOR, one who nominates.--NOMINATIVE ABSOLUTE, a grammatical -construction in which we have a subject (noun or pronoun) combined with a -participle, but not connected with a finite verb or governed by any other -words, as 'All being well, I will come.' [L. _nomin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -name--_nomen_.] - -NOMINEE, nom-in-[=e]', _n._ one who is nominated by another: one on whose -life an annuity or lease depends: one to whom the holder of a copyhold -estate surrenders his interest. - -NOMISTIC, n[=o]-mis'tik, _adj._ pertaining to laws founded on a sacred -book. [Gr. _nomos_, a law.] - -NOMOCRACY, n[=o]-mok'ra-si, _n._ a government according to a code of laws. -[Gr. _nomos_, law, _kratia_--_kratein_, to rule.] - -NOMOGENY, n[=o]-moj'e-ni, _n._ the origination of life according to natural -law, not miracle--opp. to _Thaumatogeny_. [Gr. _nomos_, law, -_geneia_--_gen[=e]s_, producing.] - -NOMOGRAPHY, n[=o]-mog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of drawing up laws in proper -form.--_n._ NOMOG'RAPHER, one versed in this art. [Gr. _nomos_, law, -_graphein_, to write.] - -NOMOLOGY, no-mol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the laws of the mind.--_adj._ -NOMOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ NOMOL'OGIST. [Gr. _nomos_, law, _logia_, -discourse--_legein_, to speak.] - -NOMOS, nom'os, _n._ in modern Greece, a nome. - -NOMOTHETIC, nom-[=o]-thet'ik, _adj._ legislative: founded on a system of -laws, or by a lawgiver. [Gr. _nomothet[=e]s_, a lawgiver, one of a body of -heliasts or jurors in ancient Athens, charged with the decision as to any -proposed change in legislation.] - -NON, non, _adv._ not, a Latin word used as a prefix, as in _ns._ -NON-ABIL'ITY, want of ability; NON-ACCEPT'ANCE, want of acceptance: refusal -to accept; NON-AC'CESS (_law_), absence of opportunity for marital -commerce; NON-ACQUAINT'ANCE, want of acquaintance; NON-ACQUIESC'ENCE, -refusal of acquiescence; NON-ADMISS'ION, refusal of admission: failure to -be admitted; NON-ALIEN[=A]'TION, state of not being alienated: failure to -alienate; NON-APPEAR'ANCE, failure or neglect to appear, esp. in a court of -law; NON-ARR[=I]'VAL, failure to arrive; NON-ATTEND'ANCE, a failure to -attend: absence; NON-ATTEN'TION, inattention; NON'-CLAIM, a failure to make -claim within the time limited by law; NON-COM'BATANT, any one connected -with an army who is there for some other purpose than that of fighting, as -a surgeon, &c.: a civilian in time of war.--_adjs._ NON-COMMISS'IONED, not -having a commission, as an officer in the army below the rank of -commissioned officer--abbrev. NON-COM'.; NON-COMMIT'TAL, unwilling to -commit one's self to any particular opinion or course of conduct, free from -any declared preference or pledge.--_ns._ NON-COMM[=U]'NICANT, one who -abstains from joining in holy communion, or who has not yet communicated; -NON-COMM[=U]N'ION; NON-COMPL[=I]'ANCE, neglect or failure of -compliance.--_adj._ NON-COMPLY'ING.--_n._ NON-CONCUR'RENCE, refusal to -concur.--_adj._ NON-CONDUCT'ING, not conducting or transmitting: not -allowing a fluid or a force to pass along, as glass does not conduct -electricity.--_n._ NON-CONDUCT'OR, a substance which does not conduct or -transmit certain properties or conditions, as heat or electricity.--_adj._ -NONCONFORM'ING, not conforming, esp. to an established church.--_n._ and -_adj._ NONCONFORM'IST, one who does not conform: esp. one who refused to -conform or subscribe to the Act of Uniformity in 1662--abbrev. -NON-CON'.--_n._ NONCONFORM'ITY, want of conformity, esp. to the established -church.--_adj._ NON-CONT[=A]'GIOUS, not infectious.--_ns._ NON'-CONTENT, -one not content: in House of Lords, one giving a negative vote; -NON-DELIV'ERY, failure or neglect to deliver.--_adj._ NON-EFFECT'IVE, not -efficient or serviceable: unfitted for service.--_n._ a member of a force -who is not able, for some reason, to take part in active service.--_adj._ -NON-EFFIC'IENT, not up to the mark required for service.--_n._ a soldier -who has not yet undergone the full number of drills.--_n._ NON-[=E]'GO, in -metaphysics, the not-I, the object as opposed to the subject, whatever is -not the conscious self.--_adjs._ NON-EGOIS'TICAL; NON-ELAS'TIC, not -elastic; NON-[=E]LECT', not elect.--_n._ one not predestined to -salvation.--_n._ NON-[=E]LEC'TION, state of not being elected.--_adjs._ -NON-ELEC'TRIC, -AL, not conducting the electric fluid; NON-EMPHAT'IC; -NON-EMPIR'ICAL, not empirical, not presented in experience; -NON-EPIS'COPAL.--_n._ NON-EPISCOP[=A]'LIAN.--_adj._ NON-ESSEN'TIAL, not -essential: not absolutely required.--_n._ something that may be done -without.--_n._ NON-EXIST'ENCE, negation of existence: a thing that has no -existence.--_adj._ NON-EXIST'ENT.--_n._ NON-EXPORT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ -NON-FOR'FEITING, of a life insurance policy not forfeited by reason of -non-payment.--_ns._ NON-FULFIL'MENT; NON-IMPORT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ -NON-IMPORT'ING.--_ns._ NON-INTERVEN'TION, a policy of systematic -non-interference by one country with the affairs of other nations; -NON-INTRU'SION, in Scottish Church history, the principle that a patron -should not force an unacceptable clergyman on an unwilling congregation; -NON-INTRU'SIONIST.--_adj._ NON-ISS'UABLE, not capable of being issued: not -admitting of issue being taken on it.--_n._ NON-JOIN'DER (_law_), the -omitting to join all the parties to the action or suit.--_adj._ NONJUR'ING, -not swearing allegiance.--_n._ NONJUR'OR, one of the clergy in England and -Scotland who would not swear allegiance to William and Mary in 1689, -holding themselves still bound by the oath they had taken to the deposed -king, James II.--_adjs._ NON-L[=U]'MINOUS; NON-MANUFACT'URING; -NON-MARR'YING, not readily disposed to marry; NON-METAL'LIC, not consisting -of metal: not like the metals; NON-MOR'AL, involving no moral -considerations; NON-NAT'URAL, not natural: forced or strained.--_n._ in -ancient medicine, anything not considered of the essence of man, but -necessary to his well-being, as air, food, sleep, rest, &c.--_ns._ -NON-OB[=E]'DIENCE; NON-OBSERV'ANCE, neglect or failure to observe; -NON-PAY'MENT, neglect or failure to pay; NON-PERFORM'ANCE, neglect or -failure to perform.--_adjs._ NON-PLACENT'AL; NON-PON'DEROUS.--_n._ -NON-PRODUC'TION.--_adj._ NON-PROFESS'IONAL, not done by a professional man, -amateur: not proper to be done by a professional man, as unbecoming conduct -in a physician, &c.--_ns._ NON-PROFIC'IENT, one who has made no progress in -the art or study in which he is engaged; NON-REGARD'ANCE, want of due -regard; NON-RES'IDENCE, failure to reside, or the fact of not residing at a -certain place, where one's official or social duties require one to -reside.--_adj._ NON-RES'IDENT, not residing within the range of one's -responsibilities.--_n._ one who does not do so, as a landlord, clergyman, -&c.--_n._ NON-RESIST'ANCE, the principle of not offering opposition: -passive or ready obedience.--_adjs._ NON-RESIST'ANT, NON-RESIST'ING; -NON-SEX'UAL, sexless, asexual; NON-SOC[=I]'ETY, not belonging to a society, -esp. of a workman not attached to a trades-union, or of a place in which -such men are employed.--_n._ NON-SOL[=U]'TION.--_adjs._ NON-SOL'VENT; -NON-SUBMIS'SIVE.--_n._ NON'SUIT, a legal term in England, which means that -where a plaintiff in a jury trial finds he will lose his case, owing to -some defect or accident, he is allowed to be nonsuited, instead of allowing -a verdict and judgment to go for the defendant.--_v.t._ to record that a -plaintiff drops his suit.--_n._ NON'-TERM, a vacation between two terms of -a law-court.--_adj._ NON-UN'ION (see NON-SOCIETY).--_ns._ NON-[=U]'SAGER -(see USAGE); NON-[=U]'SER (_law_), neglect of official duty: omission to -take advantage of an easement, &c.--_adj._ NON-V[=I]'ABLE, not viable, of a -foetus too young for independent life. - -NONAGE, non'[=a]j, _n._ legal infancy, minority: time of immaturity -generally.--_adj._ NON'AGED. [L. _non_, not, and _age_.] - -NONAGENARIAN, non-a-je-n[=a]'ri-an, _n._ one who is ninety years -old.--_adj._ relating to ninety.--_adj._ NONAGES'IMAL, belonging to the -number ninety.--_n._ that point of the ecliptic 90 degrees from its -intersection by the horizon. [L. _nonagenarius_, containing -ninety--_nonaginta_, ninety.] - -NONAGON, non'a-gon, _n._ (_math._) a plane figure having nine sides and -nine angles. [L. _novem_, nine, _nonus_, ninth, _g[=o]nia_, angle.] - -NONCE, nons, _n._ (only in phrase 'for the nonce') the present time, -occasion.--NONCE-WORD, a word specially coined, like Carlyle's _gigmanity_. -[The substantive has arisen by mistake from 'for the nones,' originally -_for then ones_, meaning simply 'for the once.'] - -NONCHALANCE, non'shal-ans, _n._ unconcern: coolness: indifference.--_adj._ -NONCHALANT (non'sha-lant).--_adv._ NON'CHALANTLY. [Fr., _non_, not, -_chaloir_, to care for--L. _cal[=e]re_, to be warm.] - -NONDESCRIPT, non'de-skript, _adj._ novel: odd.--_n._ anything not yet -described or classed: a person or thing not easily described or classed. -[L. _non_, not, _descriptus_, _describ[)e]re_, to describe.] - -NONE, nun, _adj._ and _pron._ not one: not any: not the smallest -part.--_adv._ in no respect: to no extent or degree.--_n._ -NONE'-SO-PRETT'Y, or London Pride, _Saxifraga umbrosa_, a common English -garden-plant.--_adj._ NONE'-SPAR'ING (_Shak._), all-destroying. [M. E. -_noon_, _non_--A.S. _n['a]n_--_ne_, not, _['a]n_, one.] - -NONENTITY, non-en'ti-ti, _n._ want of entity or being: a thing not -existing: a person of no importance. - -NONES, n[=o]nz, _n.pl._ in the Roman calendar, the ninth day before the -Ides (both days included)--the 5th of Jan., Feb., April, June, Aug., Sept., -Nov., Dec., and the 7th of the other months: the Divine office for the -ninth hour, or three o'clock. [L. _nonae_--_nonus_ for _novenus_, -ninth--_novem_, nine.] - -NON EST, non est, _adj._ for absent, being a familiar shortening of the -legal phrase _non est inventus_=he has not been found (_coll_). - -NONESUCH, nun'such, _n._ a thing like which there is none such: an -extraordinary thing. - -NONET, n[=o]-net', _n._ (_mus._) a composition for nine voices or -instruments. - -NON-FEASANCE, non-f[=e]'zans, _n._ omission of something which ought to be -done, distinguished from _Misfeasance_, which means the wrongful use of -power or authority. [Pfx. _non_, not, O. Fr. _faisance_, doing--_faire_--L. -_fac[)e]re_, to do.] - -NONILLION, n[=o]-nil'yun, _n._ the number produced by raising a million to -the ninth power. - -NONINO. See NONNY. - -NONNY, non'i, _n._ a meaningless refrain in Old English ballads, &c., -usually 'hey, nonny'--often repeated _nonny-nonny_, _nonino_, as a cover -for obscenity. - -NONPAREIL, non-pa-rel', _n._ a person or thing without equal or unique: a -fine apple: a printing-type forming about twelve lines to the inch, between -emerald (larger) and ruby (smaller).--_adj._ without an equal: matchless. -[Fr.,--_non_, not, _pareil_, equal--Low L. _pariculus_, dim. of _par_, -equal.] - -NONPLUS, non'plus, _n._ a state in which no more can be done or said: great -difficulty.--_v.t._ to perplex completely, to puzzle:--_pr.p._ -non'plussing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ non'plussed. [L. _non_, not, _plus_, -more.] - -NON POSSUMUS, non pos'[=u]-mus, we are not able: we cannot, a plea of -inability. [L., 1st pl. pres. ind. of _posse_, to be able.] - -NONSENSE, non'sens, _n._ that which has no sense: language without meaning: -absurdity: trifles.--_adj._ NONSENS'ICAL, without sense: absurd.--_ns._ -NONSENSICAL'ITY, NONSENS'ICALNESS.--_adv._ NONSENS'ICALLY.--NONSENSE NAME, -an arbitrarily coined name, for mnemonic purposes, &c.; NONSENSE VERSES, -verses perfect in form but without any connected sense, being merely -exercises in metre, &c.: verses intentionally absurd, like that of the -Jabberwock in _Through the Looking-glass_. - -NON SEQUITUR, non sek'wi-tur, it does not follow: a wrong conclusion: one -that does not follow from the premises. [L. _non_, not, and 3d sing. pres. -ind. of _sequi_, to follow.] - -NOODLE, n[=oo]d'l, _n._ a simpleton: a blockhead.--_n._ NOOD'LEDOM. -[_Noddy._] - -NOODLE, n[=oo]d'l, _n._ dried dough of wheat-flour and eggs, used in soup -or as a baked dish. - -NOOK, n[=oo]k, _n._ a corner: a narrow place formed by an angle: a recess: -a secluded retreat.--_adjs._ NOOK'-SHOT'TEN, full of nooks and corners; -NOOK'Y. [Gael. and Ir. _niuc_; Scot. _neuk_.] - -NOOLOGY, no-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the phenomena of the mind, or of -the facts of intellect. [Gr. _noos_, the mind, _logia_, discourse.] - -NOON, n[=oo]n, _n._ the ninth hour of the day in Roman and ecclesiastical -reckoning, three o'clock P.M.: afterwards (when the church service for the -ninth hour, called _Nones_, was shifted to midday) midday: twelve o'clock: -middle: height.--_adj._ belonging to midday: meridional.--_v.i._ to rest at -noon.--_n._ NOON'DAY, midday: the time of greatest prosperity.--_adj._ -pertaining to midday: meridional.--_ns._ NOON'ING, a rest about noon: a -repast at noon; NOON'TIDE, the tide or time of noon: midday.--_adj._ -pertaining to noon: meridional. [A.S. _n['o]n-t['i]d_ (noontide)--L. _nona_ -(_hora_), the ninth (hour).] - -NOOSE, n[=oo]s, or n[=oo]z, _n._ a running knot which ties the firmer the -closer it is drawn: a snare or knot generally.--_v.t._ to tie or catch in a -noose. [Prob. O. Fr. _nous_, pl. of _nou_ (Fr. _noeud_)--L. _nodus_, knot.] - -NOR, nor, _conj._ and not, a particle introducing the second part of a -negative proposition--correlative to _neither_. [Contr. of -_nother_=_neither_.] - -NORIA, n[=o]'ri-a, _n._ a water-raising apparatus in Spain, Syria, and -elsewhere, by means of a large paddle-wheel having fixed to its rim a -series of buckets, a flush-wheel. [Sp.,--Ar.] - -NORIMON, nor'i-mon, _n._ a kind of sedan-chair used in Japan. [Jap. _nori_, -ride, _mono_, thing.] - -NORLAND, nor'land, _n._ the same as NORTHLAND. - -NORM, norm, _n._ a rule: a pattern: an authoritative standard: a type or -typical unit.--_n._ NOR'MA, a rule, model: a square for measuring right -angles.--_adj._ NOR'MAL, according to rule: regular: exact: -perpendicular.--_n._ a perpendicular.--_ns._ NORMALIS[=A]'TION, -NORMAL'ITY.--_v.t._ NOR'MALISE.--_adv._ NOR'MALLY.--_adj._ NOR'MATIVE, -establishing a standard.--NORMAL SCHOOL, a training-college for teachers in -the practice of their profession. [L. _norma_, a rule.] - -NORMAN, nor'man, _n._ a native or inhabitant of Normandy: one of that -Scandinavian race which settled in northern France about the beginning of -the 10th century, founded the Duchy of Normandy, and conquered England in -1066--the _Norman Conquest_.--_adj._ pertaining to the Normans or to -Normandy.--_v.t._ NOR'MANISE, to give a Norman character to.--NORMAN -ARCHITECTURE, a round-arched style, a variety of Romanesque, prevalent in -England from the Norman Conquest (1066) till the end of the 12th century, -of massive simplicity, the churches cruciform with semicircular apse and a -great tower rising from the intersection of nave and transept, deeply -recessed doorways, windows small, round-headed, high in wall; NORMAN -FRENCH, a form of French spoken by the Normans, which came into England at -the Norman Conquest, modified the spelling, accent, and pronunciation of -Anglo-Saxon, and enriched it with a large infusion of new words relating to -the arts of life, &c. [_Northmen._] - -NORMAN, nor'man, _n._ (_naut._) a bar inserted in a windlass, on which to -fasten or veer a rope or cable. - -NORN, norn, _n._ (_Scand. myth._) one of the three fates--Urd, Verdande, -and Skuld.--Also NORN'A. - -NORROY, nor'roi, _n._ (_her._) the third of the three English -kings-at-arms, or provincial heralds, whose jurisdiction lies north of the -Trent. [Fr. _nord_, north, _roy_, _roi_, king.] - -NORSE, nors, _adj._ pertaining to ancient Scandinavia.--_n._ the language -of ancient Scandinavia--also OLD NORSE.--_n._ NORSE'MAN, a Scandinavian or -Northman. [Ice. _Norskr_; Norw. _Norsk_.] - -NORTH, north, _n._ the point opposite the sun at noon: one of the four -cardinal points of the horizon: the side of a church to the left of one -facing the principal altar: that portion of the United States north of the -former slave-holding states--i.e. north of Maryland, the Ohio, and -Missouri.--_adv._ to or in the north.--_ns._ NORTH'-COCK, the snow bunting; -NORTH'-EAST, the point between the north and east, equidistant from -each.--_adj._ belonging to or from the north-east.--_n._ NORTH'-EAST'ER, a -wind from the north-east.--_adjs._ NORTH'-EAST'ERLY, toward or coming from -the north-east; NORTH'-EAST'ERN, belonging to the north-east: being in the -north-east, or in that direction.--_adv._ NORTH'-EAST'WARD, toward the -north-east.--_ns._ NORTH'ER (_th_), a wind or gale from the north, esp. -applied to a cold wind that blows in winter over Texas and the Gulf of -Mexico; NORTH'ERLINESS (_th_), state of being toward the north.--_adj._ -NORTH'ERLY (_th_), being toward the north: coming from the north.--_adv._ -toward or from the north.--_adj._ NORTH'ERN (_th_), pertaining to the -north: being in the north or in the direction toward it: proceeding from -the north.--_n._ an inhabitant of the north.--_n._ NORTH'ERNER (_th_), a -native of, or resident in, the north, esp. of the northern United -States.--_adjs._ NORTH'ERNMOST (_th_), NORTH'MOST, situate at the point -farthest north.--_ns._ NORTH'ING, motion, distance, or tendency northward: -distance of a heavenly body from the equator northward: difference of -latitude made by a ship in sailing northward: deviation towards the north; -NORTH'MAN, one of the ancient Scandinavians; NORTH'-POLE, the point in the -heavens, or beneath it on the earth's surface, ninety degrees north of the -equator; NORTH'-STAR, the north polar star; NORTHUM'BRIAN, a native of the -modern _Northumberland_, or of the ancient kingdom of _Northumbria_, -stretching from the Humber to the Forth: that variety of English spoken in -Northumbria before the Conquest--also _adj._--_adjs._ NORTH'WARD, -NORTH'WARDLY, being toward the north.--_adv._ toward the north--also -NORTH'WARDS.--_n._ NORTH'-WEST, the point between the north and west, -equidistant from each.--_adj._ pertaining to or from the -north-west.--_adjs._ NORTH'-WEST'ERLY, toward or coming from the -north-west; NORTH'-WEST'ERN, belonging to the north-west: pertaining to, or -being in, the north-west or in that direction.--NORTH WATER, the space of -open sea left by the winter pack of ice moving southward.--NORTH-EAST -PASSAGE, a passage for ships along the north coasts of Europe and Asia to -the Pacific, first made by Nordenski[:o]ld in 1878-79; NORTHERN LIGHTS, the -aurora borealis (q.v.); NORTH-WEST PASSAGE, a sea-way for ships from the -Atlantic into the Pacific along the northern coast of America, first made -by Sir Robert McClure, 1850-54. [A.S. _north_; cf. Ger. _nord_.] - -NORWEGIAN, nor-w[=e]'ji-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Norway_--(_Shak._) -NORW[=E]'YAN.--_n._ a native of _Norway_: a kind of fishing-boat on the -Great Lakes. - -NOSE, n[=o]z, _n._ the organ of smell: the power of smelling: sagacity: the -projecting part of anything resembling a nose, as the spout of a kettle, -&c.: a drip, a downward projection from a cornice: (_slang_) an -informer.--_v.t._ to smell: to oppose rudely face to face: to sound through -the nose.--_ns._ NOSE'BAG, a bag for a horse's nose, containing oats, &c.; -NOSE'-BAND, the part of the bridle coming over the nose, attached to the -cheek-straps.--_adjs._ NOSED, having a nose--used in composition, as -bottle-_nosed_, long-_nosed_, &c.; NOSE'-LED, led by the nose, ruled and -befooled completely; NOSE'LESS, without a nose.--_ns._ NOSE'-LEAF, a -membranous appendage on the snouts of phyllostomine and rhinolophine bats, -forming a highly sensitive tactile organ; NOSE'-OF-WAX, an over-pliable -person or thing; NOSE'-PIECE, the outer end or point of a pipe, bellows, -&c.: the extremity of the tube of a microscope to which the objective is -attached: a nose-band: the nasal in armour; NOSE'-RING, an ornament worn in -the septum of the nose or in either of its wings; NOS'ING, the projecting -rounded edge of the step of a stair or of a moulding.--AQUILINE NOSE, a -prominent nose, convex in profile; BOTTLE NOSE, a name given to certain -species of cetaceans: an eruption on the nose such as is produced by -intemperate drinking; PUG NOSE, a short turned-up nose; ROMAN NOSE, an -aquiline nose.--HOLD, KEEP, or PUT ONE'S NOSE TO THE GRINDSTONE (see -GRINDSTONE); LEAD BY THE NOSE, to cause to follow blindly; PUT ONE'S NOSE -OUT OF JOINT, to bring down one's pride or sense of importance: to push out -of favour; THRUST ONE'S NOSE INTO, to meddle officiously with anything; -TURN UP ONE'S NOSE (_at_), to express contempt for a person or thing. [A.S. -_nosu_; Ger. _nase_, L. _nasus_.] - -NOSEGAY, n[=o]z'g[=a], _n._ a bunch of fragrant flowers: a posy or bouquet. -[From _nose_ and _gay_ (adj.).] - -NOSOCOMIAL, nos-[=o]-k[=o]'mi-al, _adj._ relating to a hospital. [Gr. -_nosos_, sickness, _komein_, to take care of.] - -NOSOGRAPHY, n[=o]-sog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of diseases.--_adj._ -NOSOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _nosos_, disease, _graphein_, to write.] - -NOSOLOGY, nos-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science of diseases: the branch of medicine -which treats of the classification of diseases.--_adj._ NOSOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ -NOSOL'OGIST. [Gr. _nosos_, disease, _logia_, discourse.] - -NOSONOMY, n[=o]-son'o-mi, _n._ the classification of diseases. [Gr. -_nosos_, a disease, _onoma_, a name.] - -NOSOPHOBIA, nos-o-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ morbid dread of disease. [Gr. _nosos_, a -disease, _phobia_, fear.] - -NOSTALGIA, nos-tal'ji-a, _n._ home-sickness, esp. when morbid.--_adj._ -NOSTAL'GIC. [Gr. _nostos_, a return, algos, pain.] - -NOSTOC, nos'tok, _n._ a genus of Algae, found in moist places.--Also -_Witches' butter_, _Spittle of the stars_, _Star-jelly_, &c. [Ger. -_nostoch_.] - -NOSTOLOGY, nos-tol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the phenomena of extreme old -age or senility in which there is ever seen a return to the characteristics -of the youthful stage.--_adj._ NOSTOLOG'IC. [Gr. _nostos_, return, -_logia_--_legein_, to speak.] - -NOSTRADAMUS, nos-tra-d[=a]'mus, _n._ any quack doctor or charlatan--from -the French astrologer (1503-66). - -NOSTRIL, nos'tril, _n._ one of the openings of the nose. [M. E. -_nosethirl_--A.S. _nosthyrl_--_nosu_, nose, _thyrel_, opening. Cf. _Drill_, -to pierce, and _Thrill_.] - -NOSTRUM, nos'trum, _n._ any secret, quack, or patent medicine: any -favourite remedy or scheme. [L., 'our own,' from _nos_, we.] - -NOT, not, _adv._ a word expressing denial, negation, or refusal.--NOT IN IT -(_coll._), having no part in some confidence or advantage. [Same as -_Naught_, from A.S. _n['a]_, _wiht_, a whit.] - -NOTABLE, n[=o]'ta-bl, _adj._ worthy of being known or noted: remarkable: -memorable: distinguished: notorious: capable, clever, industrious.--_n._ a -person or thing worthy of note, esp. in _pl._ for persons of distinction -and political importance in France in pre-Revolution times.--_n.pl._ -NOTABIL'IA, things worthy of notice: noteworthy sayings.--_ns._ -NOTABIL'ITY, the being notable: a notable person or thing; -N[=O]'TABLENESS.--_adv._ N[=O]'TABLY. - -NOTAEUM, n[=o]-t[=e]'um, _n._ the upper surface of a bird's trunk--opp. to -_Gastraeum_: a dorsal buckler in some gasteropods. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the -back.] - -NOTALGIA, n[=o]-tal'ji-a, _n._ pain in the back.--_adj._ NOTAL'GIC. [Gr. -_n[=o]tos_, the back, _algos_, pain.] - -NOTANDA, n[=o]-tan'da, _n.pl._ something to be specially noted or -observed:--_sing._ NOTAN'DUM. [L. pl. ger. of _not[=a]re_, to note.] - -NOTARY, n[=o]'ta-ri, _n._ an officer authorised to certify deeds, -contracts, copies of documents, affidavits, &c.--generally called a NOTARY -PUBLIC--anciently one who took notes or memoranda of others' acts.--_adj._ -NOT[=A]'RIAL.--_adv._ NOT[=A]'RIALLY.--APOSTOLICAL NOTARY, the official who -despatches the orders of the Pope; ECCLESIASTICAL NOTARY, in the early -church, a secretary who recorded the proceedings of councils, &c. [L. -_notarius_.] - -NOTATION, n[=o]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act or practice of recording by marks -or symbols: a system of signs or symbols.--_adj._ N[=O]'TATE (_bot._), -marked with coloured spots or lines.--CHEMICAL NOTATION (see CHEMISTRY). -[L.,--_not[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to mark.] - -NOTCH, noch, _n._ a nick cut in anything: an indentation, incision, -incisure: a narrow pass in a rock, or between two mountains.--_v.t._ to cut -a hollow into.--_n._ NOTCH'-BOARD, the board which receives the ends of the -steps of a staircase--also _Bridge-board_.--_adjs._ NOTCH'-EARED, having -emarginate ears, as the notch-eared bat; NOTCHED, nicked.--_n._ NOTCH'ING, -a method of joining framing-timbers, by halving, scarfing, or caulking. -[From a Teut. root, as in Old Dut. _nock_. Cf. _Nick_, a notch.] - -NOTCHEL, NOCHEL, noch'el, _v.t._ (_prov._) to repudiate. - -NOTE, n[=o]t, _n._ that by which a person or thing is known: a mark or sign -calling attention: a brief explanation: a short remark: a brief report, a -catalogue, a bill: a memorandum: a short letter: a diplomatic paper: a -small size of paper used for writing: (_mus._) a mark representing a sound, -also the sound itself, air, tune, tone, also a digital or key of the -keyboard: a paper acknowledging a debt and promising payment, as a -bank-note, a note of hand: notice, heed, observation: reputation: -fame.--_v.t._ to make a note of: to notice: to attend to: to record in -writing: to furnish with notes.--_n._ NOTE'-BOOK, a book in which notes or -memoranda are written: a bill-book.--_adj._ NOT'ED, marked: well known: -celebrated: eminent: notorious.--_adv._ NOT'EDLY.--_n._ NOT'EDNESS.--_adj._ -NOTE'LESS, not attracting notice.--_ns._ NOTE'-P[=A]'PER, folded -writing-paper for letters (_commercial_, 5 x 8 in.; _octavo_, 4-1/2 x 7; -_billet_, 4 x 6; _queen_, 3-1/2 x 5-3/8; _packet_, 5-1/2 x 9; _Bath_, 7 x -8); NOT'ER, one who notes or observes: one who makes notes, an annotator; -NOTE'-SHAV'ER (_U.S._), a money-lender.--_adj._ NOTE'WORTHY, worthy of note -or of notice.--NOTE A BILL, to record on the back of it a refusal of -acceptance, as a ground of protest. [Fr.,--L. _nota_, _nosc[)e]re_, -_notum_, to know.] - -NOTE, n[=o]t (_Spens._), wot or knew not (a contr. of _ne wot_): could not -(a contr. of _ne mote_). - -NOTHING, nuth'ing, _n._ no thing: non-existence: absence of being: a low -condition: no value or use: not anything of importance, a trifle: utter -insignificance, no difficulty or trouble: no magnitude: a cipher.--_adv._ -in no degree: not at all.--_adj._ and _n._ NOTHING[=A]'RIAN, believing -nothing.--_ns._ NOTHING[=A]'RIANISM; NOTH'ING-GIFT (_Shak._), a gift of no -value; NOTH'INGISM, nihility; NOTH'INGNESS, state of being nothing or of no -value: a thing of no value.--NOTHING BUT, no more than: only; NOTHING LESS -THAN, equal to: as much as.--COME TO NOTHING, to have no result: to turn -out a failure; MAKE NOTHING OF, to consider as of no difficulty or -importance; NECK OR NOTHING (see NECK); NEXT TO NOTHING, almost nothing. -[_No_ and _thing_.] - -NOTICE, n[=o]t'is, _n._ act of noting or observing: attention: observation: -information: warning: a writing containing information: public intimation: -civility or respectful treatment: remark.--_v.t._ to mark or see: to regard -or attend to: to mention: to make observations upon: to treat with -civility.--_adj._ NOT'ICEABLE, that can be noticed: worthy of notice: -likely to be noticed.--_adv._ NOT'ICEABLY.--_n._ NOT'ICE-BOARD, a board on -which a notice is fixed.--GIVE NOTICE, to warn beforehand: to inform. -[Fr.,--L. _notitia_--_nosc[)e]re_, _notum_, to know.] - -NOTIFY, n[=o]'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make known: to declare: to give notice or -information of:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ n[=o]'tified.--_adj._ N[=O]'TIFIABLE, -that must be made known.--_n._ NOTIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of notifying: the -notice given: the paper containing the notice. [Fr.,--L. _notific[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_notus_, known, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -NOTION, n[=o]'shun, _n._ the art of forming a conception in the mind of the -various marks or qualities of an object: the result of this act, a -conception: opinion: belief: judgment: a caprice or whim: any small article -ingeniously devised or invented, usually in _pl._--_adj._ N[=O]'TIONAL, of -the nature of a notion: ideal: fanciful.--_adv._ N[=O]'TIONALLY, in notion -or mental apprehension: in idea, not in reality.--_n._ N[=O]'TIONIST, one -who holds ungrounded opinions. [Fr.,--L. _notion-em_--_nosc[)e]re_, -_notum_, to know.] - -NOTITIA, n[=o]-tish'i-a, _n._ a roll, list, register: a catalogue of public -functionaries, with their districts: a list of episcopal sees. [L.; cf. -_Notice_.] - -NOTOBRANCHIATE, n[=o]-t[=o]-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ and _n._ having dorsal -gills, belonging to NOTOBRANCHI[=A]'TA, an order of worms having such. [Gr. -_n[=o]tos_, the back, _brangchia_, gills.] - -NOTOCHORD, n[=o]'t[=o]-kord, _n._ a simple cellular rod, the basis of the -future spinal column, persisting throughout life in many lower vertebrates, -as the amphioxus, &c.--_adj._ N[=O]'TOCHORDAL. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, -_chord[=e]_, a string.] - -NOTODONTIFORM, n[=o]-t[=o]-don'ti-form, _adj._ resembling a tooth-back or -moth of the family _Notodontidae_. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, back, _odous_, tooth, -L. _forma_, form.] - -NOTONECTAL, n[=o]-t[=o]-nek'tal, _adj._ swimming on the back, as certain -insects: related to the _Notonectidae_, a family of aquatic bugs, the -boat-flies or water-boatmen. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a -swimmer.] - -NOTOPODAL, n[=o]-top'[=o]-dal, _adj._ pertaining to the NOTOP'ODA, a -division of decapods, including the dromioid crabs, &c.--Also NOTOP'ODOUS. -[Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.] - -NOTOPODIUM, n[=o]-t[=o]-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ the dorsal or upper part of the -parapodium of an annelid, a dorsal oar.--_adj._ NOTOP[=O]'DIAL. [Gr. -_n[=o]tos_, the back, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.] - -NOTORIOUS, no-t[=o]'ri-us, _adj._ publicly known (now used in a bad sense): -infamous.--_n._ NOTOR[=I]'ETY, state of being notorious: publicity: public -exposure.--_adv._ NOT[=O]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ NOT[=O]'RIOUSNESS. [Low L. -_notorius_--_not[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to mark--_nosc[)e]re_.] - -NOTORNIS, n[=o]-tor'nis, _n._ a genus of gigantic ralline birds, with wings -so much reduced as to be incapable of flight, which have within historical -times become extinct in New Zealand, &c. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the south, -_ornis_, a bird.] - -NOTOTHERIUM, n[=o]-t[=o]-th[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of gigantic fossil -kangaroo-like marsupials, found in Australia. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the south, -_th[=e]rion_, a wild beast.] - -NOTOTREMA, n[=o]-t[=o]-tr[=e]'ma, _n._ the pouch-toads, a genus of -_Hylidae_.--_adj._ NOTOTREM'ATOUS. [Gr. _n[=o]tos_, the back, _tr[=e]ma_, a -hole.] - -NOTOUR, no-t[=oo]r', _adj._ (_Scot._) well known, notorious. - -NOTT-HEADED, not'-hed'ed, _adj._ (_Shak._) having the hair cut -bare.--NOTT'-PAT'ED. [A.S. _hnot_, shorn.] - -NOTUM, n[=o]'tum, _n._ the dorsal aspect of the thorax in insects. [Gr. -_n[=o]tos_, the back.] - -NOTUS, n[=o]'tus, _n._ the south or south-west wind. [L.] - -NOTWITHSTANDING, not-with-stand'ing, _prep._ in spite of.--_conj._ in spite -of the fact that, although.--_adv._ nevertheless, however, yet. [Orig. a -participial phrase in nominative absolute=L. _non obstante_.] - -NOUGAT, n[=oo]-g[:a]', _n._ a confection made of a sweet paste filled with -chopped almonds or pistachio-nuts. [Fr. (cf. Sp. _nogado_, an -almond-cake)--L. _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] - -NOUGHT, nawt, _n._ not anything: nothing.--_adv._ in no degree.--SET AT -NOUGHT, to despise. [Same as _Naught_.] - -NOUL, n[=o]l, _n._ (_Spens._) the top of the head. [A.S. _hnoll_, top or -summit.] - -NOULD, n[=oo]ld (_Spens._), would not. [A contr. of _ne would_.] - -NOUMENON, n[=oo]'me-non, _n._ an unknown and unknowable substance or thing -as it is in itself--opp. to _Phenomenon_, or the form through which it -becomes known to the senses or the understanding:--_pl._ NOU'MENA.--_adj._ -NOU'MENAL. [Gr. _noumenon_, pa.p. of _noein_, to perceive--_nous_, the -mind.] - -NOUN, nown, _n._ (_gram._) the name of any person or thing.--_adj._ -NOUN'AL. [O. Fr. _non_ (Fr. _nom_)--L. _nomen_, name.] - -NOURICE, nur'is, _n._ (_Spens._) a nurse. [_Nurse._] - -NOURISH, nur'ish, _v.t._ to suckle: to feed or bring up: to support: to -help forward growth in any way: to encourage: to cherish: to -educate.--_adjs._ NOUR'ISHABLE, able to be nourished.--_n._ -NOUR'ISHER.--_adj._ NOUR'ISHING, giving nourishment.--_n._ NOUR'ISHMENT, -the act of nourishing or the state of being nourished: that which -nourishes: nutriment. [O. Fr. _norir_ (Fr. _nourrir_)--L. _nutr[=i]re_, to -feed.] - -NOURSLE, nurs'l, _v.t._ to nurse: to bring up.--Also NOUS'LE. [_Nuzzle._] - -NOUS, nows, _n._ intellect: talent: common-sense. [Gr.] - -NOVACULITE, n[=o]-vak'[=u]-l[=i]t, _n._ a hone-stone. - -NOVALIA, n[=o]-v[=a]'li-a, _n.pl._ (_Scots law_) waste lands newly -reclaimed. - -NOVATIAN, n[=o]-v[=a]'shi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Novatianus_, who -had himself ordained Bishop of Rome in opposition to Cornelius (251), and -headed the party of severity against the lapsed in the controversy about -their treatment that arose after the Decian persecution.--_ns._ -NOV[=A]'TIANISM; NOV[=A]'TIANIST. - -NOVATION, n[=o]-v[=a]'shun, _n._ the substitution of a new obligation for -the one existing: innovation. - -NOVEL, nov'el, _adj._ new: unusual: strange.--_n._ that which is new: a new -or supplemental constitution or decree, issued by certain Roman emperors, -as Justinian, after their authentic publications of law (also NOVELL'A): a -fictitious prose narrative or tale presenting a picture of real life, esp. -of the emotional crises in the life-history of the men and women -portrayed.--_n._ NOVELETTE', a small novel.--_v.t._ NOV'ELISE, to change by -introducing novelties: to put into the form of novels.--_v.i._ to make -innovations.--_n._ NOV'ELIST, a novel-writer: an innovator.--_adj._ -NOVELIST'IC.--_n._ NOV'ELTY, newness: unusual appearance: anything new, -strange, or different from anything before:--_pl._ NOV'ELTIES. [O. Fr. -_novel_ (Fr. _nouveau_)--L. _novellus_--_novus_.] - -NOVEMBER, n[=o]-vem'b[.e]r, _n._ the eleventh month of our year. [The -_ninth_ month of the Roman year; L., from _novem_, nine.] - -NOVENA, n[=o]-v[=e]'na, _n._ a devotion lasting nine days, to obtain a -particular request, through the intercession of the Virgin or some saint. -[L. _novenus_, nine each, _novem_, nine.] - -NOVENARY, nov'en-a-ri, _adj._ pertaining to the number nine.--_adj._ -NOVENE', going by nines. [L. _novenarius_--_novem_, nine.] - -NOVENNIAL, n[=o]-ven'yal, _adj._ done every ninth year. [L. -_novennis_--_novem_, nine, _annus_, a year.] - -NOVERCAL, n[=o]-v[.e]r'kal, _adj_. pertaining to or befitting a stepmother. -[L. _novercalis_--_noverca_, a stepmother.] - -NOVERINT, nov'e-rint, _n._ a writ--beginning with the words _noverint -universi_--let all men know. [3d pers. pl. perf. subj. of _nosc[)e]re_, to -know.] - -NOVICE, nov'is, _n._ one new in anything: a beginner: one newly received -into the church: an inmate of a convent or nunnery who has not yet taken -the vow.--_ns._ NOV'ICESHIP; NOVI'CIATE, NOVI'TIATE, the state of being a -novice: the period of being a novice: a novice. [Fr.,--L. -_novitius_--_novus_, new.] - -NOVUM, n[=o]'vum, _n._ (_Shak._) a certain game at dice, in which the chief -throws were nine and five. - -NOVUS HOMO, nov'us hom'o, _n._ a new man: one who has risen from a low -position to a high dignity. - -NOW, now, _adv._ at the present time: at this time or a little -before.--_conj._ but: after this: things being so.--_n._ the present -time.--_advs._ NOW'ADAYS, in days now present.--NOW--NOW, at one time--at -another time. [A.S. _n['u]_; Ger. _nun_, L. _nunc_, Gr. _nun_.] - -NOWEL, NOEL, n[=o]'el, _n._ Christmas: a joyous shout or song at Christmas: -a Christmas carol. [O. Fr. _nowel_, _noel_ (mod. Fr. _noel_; cf. Sp. -_natal_, It. _natale_)--L. _natalis_, belonging to one's birthday.] - -NOWHERE, n[=o]'hw[=a]r, _adv._ in no where or place: at no time.--_adv._ -N[=O]'WHITHER, not any whither: to no place: in no direction: nowhere. - -NOWL, nowl, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as NOUL. - -NOWT, nowt, _n._ (_Scot._) cattle.--Also NOUT. [_Neat._] - -NOWY, now'i, _adj._ (_her._) having a convex curvature near the -middle.--Also NOWED. [O. Fr. _noue_--L. _nudatus_, knotted.] - -NOXIOUS, nok'shus, _adj._ hurtful: unwholesome: injurious: destructive: -poisonous.--_adj._ NOX'AL, relating to wrongful injury.--_adv._ -NOX'IOUSLY.--_n._ NOX'IOUSNESS. [L. _noxius_--_noxa_, hurt--_noc[=e]re_, to -hurt.] - -NOY, noi, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as ANNOY. - -NOYADE, nwa-yad', _n._ an infamous mode of drowning by means of a boat with -movable bottom, practised by Carrier at Nantes, 1793-94. [Fr.,--_noyer_, to -drown.] - -NOYANCE, noi'ans, _n._ Same as ANNOYANCE. - -NOYAU, nwo-y[=o]', _n._ a liqueur flavoured with kernels of bitter almonds -or of peach-stones. [Fr., the stone of a fruit--L. _nucalis_, like a -nut--_nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] - -NOYOUS, noi'us, _adj._ (_Spens._) serving to annoy: troublesome: hurtful. -[_Annoy._] - -NOYSOME, noi'sum, _adj._ (_Spens._) noisome (q.v.). - -NOZZLE, noz'l, _n._ a little nose: the snout: the extremity of anything: -the open end of a pipe or tube, as of a bellows, &c. [Dim. of _nose_.] - -NUANCE, n[=u]-ans', _n._ a delicate degree or shade of difference perceived -by any of the senses, or by the intellect. [Fr.,--L. _nubes_, a cloud.] - -NUB, nub, _v.t._ (_prov._) to push: beckon: hang. - -NUB, nub, _n._ a knob, knot: point, gist.--_adjs._ NUB'BLY, full of knots; -NUB'BY, lumpy, dirty. - -NUBBLE, nub'l, _v.t._ to beat with the fist. - -NUBECULA, n[=u]-bek'[=u]-la, _n._ a light film on the eye: a cloudy -appearance in urine:--_pl._ NUBEC'ULAE. - -NUBIFEROUS, n[=u]-bif'e-rus, _adj._ bringing clouds.--_adjs._ -N[=U]BIG'ENOUS, produced by clouds; N[=U]'BILOUS, cloudy, -overcast--(_obs._) N[=U]'BILOSE. - -NUBILE, n[=u]'bil, _adj._ marriageable.--_n._ NUBIL'ITY. [L. -_nubilis_--_nub[)e]re_, to veil one's self, hence to marry.] - -NUCELLUS, n[=u]-sel'us, _n._ the nucleus of the ovule. - -NUCHAL, n[=u]'kal, _adj._ pertaining to the N[=U]'CHA or nape. - -NUCIFORM, n[=u]s'i-form, _adj._ nut-shaped.--_adj._ NUCIF'EROUS, -nut-bearing. [L. _nux_, _nucis_, nut, _forma_, form.] - -NUCIFRAGA, n[=u]-sif'ra-ga, _n._ a genus of corvine birds, between crows -and jays, the nutcrackers. - -NUCLEUS, n[=u]'kl[=e]-us, _n._ the central mass round which matter gathers: -(_astron._) the head of a comet:--_pl._ NUCLEI -(n[=u]'kl[=e]-[=i]).--_adjs._ N[=U]'CL[=E]AL, N[=U]'CL[=E]AR, pertaining to -a nucleus.--_v.t._ N[=U]'CL[=E][=A]TE, to gather into or around a -nucleus.--_adjs._ N[=U]'CL[=E]ATE, -D, having a nucleus; -N[=U]'CL[=E]IFORM.--_ns._ N[=U]'CL[=E]IN, a colourless amorphous proteid, a -constituent of cell-nuclei; N[=U]'CLEOBRANCH, one of an order of molluscs -which have the gills packed in the shell along with the heart:--_pl._ -NUCLEOBRANCHI[)A]'TA; N[=U]'CL[=E][=O]LE, a little nucleus: a nucleus -within a nucleus--also NUCL[=E]'OLUS:--_pl._ NUCL[=E]'OLI. [L.,--_nux_, -_nucis_, a nut.] - -NUCULE, n[=u]k'[=u]l, _n._ a little nut: in _Characeae_ the female sexual -organ. [L. _nucula_, dim. of _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.] - -NUDE, n[=u]d, _adj._ naked: bare: without drapery, as a statue: void, as a -contract.--_n._ N[=U]D[=A]'TION, act of making bare.--_adv._ -N[=U]DE'LY.--_ns._ N[=U]DE'NESS, N[=U]'DITY, nakedness: want of covering: -anything laid bare.--_adjs._ NUDIFL[=O]'ROUS, having the flowers destitute -of hairs, glands, &c.; N[=U]DIF[=O]'LIOUS, having bare or smooth leaves; -N[=U]DIROS'TRATE, having the rostrum naked.--_n.pl._ N[=U]'DITIES, naked -parts: figures divested of drapery.--THE NUDE, the undraped human figure as -a branch of art. [L. _nudus_, naked.] - -NUDGE, nuj, _n._ a gentle push.--_v.t._ to push gently. [Cf. _Knock_, -_Knuckle_; Dan. _knuge_.] - -NUDIBRANCH, n[=u]'di-brangk, _n._ one of an order of gasteropods having no -shell, and with the gills exposed on the surface of the body:--_pl._ -NUDIBRANCHI[=A]'TA. [L. _nudus_, naked, _branchiae_, gills.] - -NUGATORY, n[=u]'ga-tor-i, _adj._ trifling: vain: insignificant: of no -power: ineffectual. [L. _nugatorius_,--_nugae_, jokes, trifles.] - -NUGGET, nug'et, _n._ a lump or mass, as of a metal. [Prob. _ingot_, with -the _n_ of the article.] - -NUISANCE, n[=u]'sans, _n._ that which annoys or hurts: that which troubles: -that which is offensive.--_n._ N[=U]'ISANCER. [Fr.,--L. _noc[=e]re_, to -hurt.] - -NULL, nul, _adj._ of no legal force: void: invalid: of no importance.--_n._ -something of no value or meaning, a cipher: a bead-like raised -work.--_v.t._ to annul, nullify.--_v.i._ to kink: to form nulls, or into -nulls, as in a lathe.--NULLED WORK, woodwork turned by means of a lathe so -as to form a series of connected knobs--for rounds of chairs, &c. [L. -_nullus_, not any, from _ne_, not, _ullus_, any.] - -NULLAH, nul'a, _n._ a dry water-course. - -NULLA-NULLA, nul'a-nul'a, _n._ an Australian's hard-wood club. - -NULLIFIDIAN, nul-i-fid'i-an, _adj._ having no faith.--_n._ a person in such -a condition. [L. _nullus_, none, _fides_, faith.] - -NULLIFY, nul'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make null: to annul: to render void or of -no force:--_pr.p._ null'ifying; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ null'ified.--_ns._ -NULLIFIC[=A]'TION, a rendering void or of none effect, esp. (_U.S._) of a -contract by one of the parties, or of a law by one legislature which has -been passed by another; NULL'IFIER; NULL'ITY, the state of being null or -void: nothingness: want of existence, force, or efficacy. - -NULLIPARA, nul-lip'a-ra, _n._ a woman who has never given birth to a child, -esp. if not a virgin.--_adj._ NULLIP'AROUS. - -NULLIPENNATE, nul-i-pen'[=a]t, _adj._ having no flight-feathers, as a -penguin. - -NULLIPORE, nul'i-p[=o]r, _n._ a small coral-like seaweed.--_adj._ -NULL'IPOROUS. - -NUMB, num, _adj._ deprived of sensation or motion: powerless to feel or -act: stupefied: motionless: (_Shak._) causing numbness.--_v.t._ to make -numb: to deaden: to render motionless:--_pr.p._ numbing (num'ing); _pa.p._ -numbed (numd).--_adj._ NUMB'-COLD (_Shak._), numbed with cold: causing -numbness.--_n._ NUMB'NESS, state of being numb: condition of living body in -which it has lost the power of feeling: torpor. [A.S. _numen_, pa.p. of -_niman_, to take; so Ice. _numinn_, bereft.] - -NUMBER, num'b[.e]r, _n._ that by which things are counted or computed: a -collection of things: more than one: a unit in counting: a numerical -figure: the measure of multiplicity: sounds distributed into harmonies: -metre, verse, esp. in _pl._: (_gram._) the difference in words to express -singular or plural: (_pl._) the fourth book of the Old Testament.--_v.t._ -to count: to reckon as one of a multitude: to mark with a number: to amount -to.--_n._ NUM'BERER.--_adj._ NUM'BERLESS, without number: more than can be -counted.--_ns._ NUMERABIL'ITY, N[=U]'MERABLENESS.--_adj._ N[=U]'MERABLE, -that may be numbered or counted.--_adv._ N[=U]'MERABLY.--_adj._ -N[=U]'MERAL, pertaining to, consisting of, or expressing number.--_n._ a -figure or mark used to express a number, as 1, 2, 3, &c.: (_gram._) a word -used to denote a number.--_adv._ N[=U]'MERALLY, according to -number.--_adj._ N[=U]'MERARY, belonging to a certain number: contained -within or counting as one of a body or a number--opp. to -_Supernumerary_.--_v.t._ N[=U]'MER[=A]TE, to point off and read as figures: -(_orig._) to enumerate, to number.--_ns._ N[=U]MER[=A]'TION, act of -numbering: the art of reading numbers, and expressing their values; -N[=U]'MER[=A]TOR, one who numbers: the upper number of a vulgar fraction, -which expresses the number of fractional parts taken.--_adjs._ N[=U]MER'IC, --AL, belonging to, or consisting in, number: the same both in number and -kind.--_adv._ N[=U]MER'ICALLY.--_n._ N[=U]MEROS'ITY, numerousness: -harmonious flow.--_adj._ N[=U]'MEROUS, great in number: being many.--_adv._ -N[=U]'MEROUSLY.--_n._ N[=U]'MEROUSNESS. [Fr. _nombre_--L. _numerus_, -number.] - -NUMBLES, num'bls, _n.pl._ the entrails of a deer. See UMBLES. - -NUMEROTAGE, n[=u]-me-r[=o]-t[:a]zh', _n._ the numbering of yarns so as to -denote their fineness. [Fr.] - -NUMISMATIC, n[=u]-mis-mat'ik, _adj._ pertaining to money, coins, or -medals.--_n.sing._ N[=U]MISMAT'ICS, the science of coins and medals.--_ns._ -N[=U]MIS'MATIST, one having a knowledge of coins and medals; -N[=U]MISMATOG'RAPHY, description of coins; NUMISMATOL'OGIST, one versed in -numismatology; N[=U]MISMATOL'OGY, the science of coins and medals in -relation to history. [L. _numisma_--Gr. _nomisma_, current -coin--_nomizein_, to use commonly--_nomos_, custom.] - -NUMMARY, num'a-ri, _adj._ relating to coins or money.--_adjs._ NUMM'IFORM, -shaped like a coin; NUMM'[=U]LAR, NUMM'[=U]LARY, NUMM'[=U]L[=A]TED, -NUMM'[=U]LINE, pertaining to coins: like a coin in shape; -NUMM'[=U]LIFORM.--_n._ NUMM'[=U]LITE, a fossil shell resembling a -coin.--_adj._ NUMMULIT'IC. [L. _nummus_, a coin.] - -NUMSKULL, num'skul, _n._ a stupid fellow: a blockhead.--_adj._ NUM'SKULLED. -[From _numb_ and _skull_.] - -NUN, nun, _n._ a female who, under a vow, secludes herself in a religious -house, to give her time to devotion: (_zool._) a kind of pigeon with the -feathers on its head like the hood of a nun.--_ns._ NUN'-BUOY, a buoy -somewhat in the form of a double cone; NUN'NERY, a house for nuns.--_adj._ -NUN'NISH.--_ns._ NUN'NISHNESS; NUN'S'-VEIL'ING, a woollen cloth, soft and -thin, used by women for veils and dresses. [A.S. _nunne_--Low L. _nunna_, -_nonna_, a nun, an old maiden lady, the orig. sig. being 'mother;' cf. Gr. -_nann[=e]_, aunt, Sans. _nan[=a]_, a child's word for 'mother.'] - -NUNC DIMITTIS, nungk di-mit'tis, _n._ 'now lettest thou depart:' the name -given to the song of Simeon (Luke, ii. 29-32) in the R.C. Breviary and the -Anglican evening service--from the opening words. - -NUNCHEON, nun'shun, _n._ a luncheon. [Prob. a corr. of _luncheon_, with -some reference to _noon_.] - -NUNCIO, nun'shi-o, _n._ a messenger: one who brings tidings: an ambassador -from the Pope to an emperor or a king.--_n._ NUN'CI[=A]T[=U]RE, the office -of a nuncio. [It.,--L. _nuncius_, a messenger, one who brings news--prob. a -contr. of _noventius_; cf. _novus_, new.] - -NUNCLE, nung'kl, _n._ (_Shak._) a contr. of _mine uncle_. - -NUNCUPATIVE, nung'k[=u]-p[=a]-tiv, _adj._ declaring publicly or solemnly: -(_law_) verbal, not written, as a will--also NUN'C[=U]P[=A]TORY.--_v.t._ -and _v.i._ NUN'CUPATE, to declare solemnly: to declare orally.--_n._ -NUNC[=U]P[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--Low L. _nuncupativus_, nominal--L. -_nuncup[=a]re_, to call by name--prob. from _nomen_, name, _cap[)e]re_, to -take.] - -NUNDINAL, nun'di-nal, _adj._ pertaining to a fair or market.--Also -NUN'DINARY. [L. _nundinae_, the market-day, properly the ninth day--i.e. -from the preceding market-day, both days inclusive--_novem_, nine, _dies_, -a day.] - -NUPHAR, n[=u]'f[:a]r, _n._ a genus of yellow water-lilies, the _Nymphaea_. - -NUPTIAL, nup'shal, _adj._ pertaining to marriage: constituting -marriage.--_n.pl._ NUP'TIALS, marriage: wedding ceremony. [Fr.,--L. -_nuptialis_--_nuptiae_, marriage--_nub[)e]re_, _nuptum_, to marry.] - -NUR, nur, _n._ a knot or knob in wood. See KNURR. - -NURL, nurl, _v.t._ to mill or indent on the edge.--_ns._ NURL'ING, the -milling of a coin: the series of indentations on the edge of some -screw-heads: zigzag ornamental engraving; NURL'ING-TOOL. - -NURSE, nurs, _n._ a woman who nourishes an infant: a mother while her -infant is at the breast: one who has the care of infants or of the sick: -(_hort._) a shrub or tree which protects a young plant.--_v.t._ to tend, as -an infant or a sick person: to bring up: to cherish: to manage with care -and economy: to play skilfully, as billiard-balls, in order to get them -into the position one wants.--_adj._ NURSE'LIKE (_Shak._), like or becoming -a nurse.--_ns._ NURSE'MAID, a girl who takes care of children; NURS'ER, one -who nurses: one who promotes growth; NURS'ERY, place for nursing: an -apartment for young children: a place where the growth of anything is -promoted: (_hort._) a piece of ground where plants are reared; -NURS'ERY-GOV'ERNESS; NURS'ERYMAID, a nurse-maid; NURS'ERYMAN, a man who -owns or works a nursery: one who is employed in cultivating plants, &c., -for sale; NURS'ING-FA'THER (_B._), a foster-father; NURS'LING, that which -is nursed: an infant. [O. Fr. _norrice_ (Fr. _nourrice_)--L. -_nutrix_--_nutr[=i]re_, to nourish.] - -NURTURE, nurt'[=u]r, _n._ act of nursing or nourishing: nourishment: -education: instruction.--_v.t._ to nourish: to bring up: to educate.--_n._ -NURT'URER. [O. Fr. _noriture_ (Fr. _nourriture_)--Low L. _nutritura_--L. -_nutr[=i]re_, to nourish.] - -NUT, nut, _n._ the name popularly given to all those fruits which have the -seed enclosed in a bony, woody, or leathery pericarp, not opening when -ripe: (_bot._) a one-celled fruit, with a hardened pericarp, containing, -when mature, only one seed: often the hazel-nut, sometimes the walnut: a -small block of metal for screwing on the end of a bolt.--_v.i._ to gather -nuts:--_pr.p._ nut'ting; _pa.p._ nut'ted.--_adj._ NUT'-BROWN, brown, like a -ripe old nut.--_ns._ NUT'CRACKER, an instrument for cracking nuts: a genus -of birds of the family _Corvidae_; NUT'-GALL, an excrescence, chiefly of -the oak; NUT'HATCH, a genus of birds of the family _Sittidae_, agile -creepers--also NUT'JOBBER, NUT'PECKER; NUT'-HOOK, a stick with a hook at -the end for pulling down boughs that the nuts may be gathered: a bailiff, a -thief who uses a hook; NUT'MEAL, meal made from the kernels of nuts; -NUT'-OIL, an oil obtained from walnuts; NUT'-PINE, one of several pines -with large edible seeds; NUT'SHELL, the hard substance that encloses the -kernel of a nut: anything of little value; NUT'TER, one who gathers nuts; -NUT'TINESS; NUT'TING, the gathering of nuts; NUT'-TREE, any tree bearing -nuts, esp. the hazel.--_adj._ NUT'TY, abounding in nuts: having the flavour -of nuts.--_n._ NUT'-WRENCH, an instrument for fixing on nuts or removing -them from screws.--A NUT TO CRACK, a difficult problem to solve; BE NUTS ON -(_slang_), to be very fond of; IN A NUTSHELL, in small compass. [A.S. -_hnutu_; Ice. _hnot_, Dut. _noot_, Ger. _nuss_.] - -NUTANT, n[=u]'tant, _adj._ nodding: (_bot._) having the top of the stem of -the flower-cluster bent downward.--_n._ N[=U]T[=A]'TION, a nodding: -(_astron._) a periodical and constant change of the angle made by the -earth's axis, with the ecliptic, caused by the attraction of the moon on -the greater mass of matter round the equator: (_bot._) the turning of -flowers towards the sun. [L. _nut[=a]re_, to nod.] - -NUTMEG, nut'meg, _n._ the aromatic kernel of an East Indian tree, much used -as a seasoning in cookery.--_adj._ NUT'MEGGED; NUT'MEGGY. [M. E. -_notemuge_, a hybrid word formed from _nut_, and O. Fr. _muge_, musk--L. -_muscus_, musk.] - -NUTRIA, n[=u]'tri-a, _n._ the fur of the coypou, a South American beaver. -[Sp.,--L. _lutra_, an otter.] - -NUTRIMENT, n[=u]'tri-ment, _n._ that which nourishes: that which helps -forward growth or development: food.--_adj._ N[=U]'TRIENT, -nourishing.--_n._ anything nourishing.--_adj._ N[=U]'TRIMENTAL, having the -quality of nutriment or food: nutritious.--_n._ N[=U]TRI'TION, act of -nourishing: process of promoting the growth of bodies: that which -nourishes: nutriment.--_adjs._ N[=U]TRI'TIONAL; N[=U]TRI'TIOUS, nourishing: -promoting growth.--_adv._ N[=U]TRI'TIOUSLY.--_n._ -N[=U]TRI'TIOUSNESS.--_adjs._ N[=U]'TRITIVE, N[=U]'TRITORY, nourishing: -concerned in nutrition.--_adv._ N[=U]'TRITIVELY.--_ns._ N[=U]'TRITIVENESS; -N[=U]TRIT[=O]'RIUM, the nutritive apparatus. [L. -_nutrimentum_--_nutr[=i]re_, to nourish.] - -NUX VOMICA, nuks vom'ik-a, _n._ the seed of an East Indian tree, from which -the powerful poison known as strychnine is obtained. [L. _nux_, a nut, -_vomicus_, from _vom[)e]re_, to vomit.] - -NUZZER, nuz'[.e]r, _n._ a present made to a superior. [Ind.] - -NUZZLE, nuz'l, _v.i._ to rub the nose against: to fondle closely, to -cuddle: to nurse or rear.--_v.t._ to touch with the nose: to go with the -nose toward the ground.--Also NOUS'LE. [A freq. verb from _nose_.] - -NYANZA, ni-an'za, _n._ a sheet of water, marsh, the river feeding a lake. -[Afr.] - -NYAS. See EYAS. - -NYCTALA, nik'ta-la, _n._ a genus of owls of family _Strigidae_. - -NYCTALOPIA, nik-ta-l[=o]'pi-a, _n._ the defective vision of persons who can -see in a faint light but not in bright daylight: sometimes applied to the -opposite defect, inability to see save in a strong daylight--also -NYC'TALOPY.--_n._ NYC'TALOPS, one affected with nyctalopia. [Gr. -_nyktal[=o]ps_, seeing by night only--_nyx_, _nyktos_, night, _[=o]ps_, -vision.] - -NYCTITROPISM, nik'ti-tr[=o]-pizm, _n._ the so-called sleep of plants, the -habit of taking at night certain positions unlike those during the -day.--_adj._ NYCTITROP'IC. [Gr. _nyx_, night, _tropos_, a turn.] - -NYLGHAU, nil'gaw, _n._ a large species of antelope, in North Hindustan, the -males of which are of a bluish colour. [Pers. _n['i]l g['a]w_--_n['i]l_, -blue, _g['a]w_, ox, cow.] - -NYMPH, nimf, _n._ a young and beautiful maiden: (_myth._) one of the -beautiful goddesses who inhabited mountains, rivers, trees, &c.--_adjs._ -NYMPH'AL, relating to nymphs; NYMPH[=E]'AN, pertaining to nymphs: inhabited -by nymphs; NYMPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to nymphs; NYMPH'ISH, NYMPH'LY, -nymph-like; NYMPH'-LIKE.--_ns._ NYMPH'OLEPSY, a species of ecstasy or -frenzy said to have seized those who had seen a nymph; NYMPH'OLEPT, a -person in frenzy.--_adj._ NYMPHOLEPT'IC.--_ns._ NYMPHOM[=A]'NIA, morbid and -uncontrollable sexual desire in women; NYMPHOM[=A]'NIAC, a woman affected -with the foregoing.--_adjs._ NYMPHOM[=A]'NIAC, -AL. [Fr.,--L. _nympha_--Gr. -_nymph[=e]_, a bride.] - -NYMPH, nimf, NYMPHA, nimf'a, _n._ the pupa or chrysalis of an -insect.--_n.pl._ NYMPHAE (nimf'[=e]), the labia minora.--_adj._ -NYMPHIP'AROUS, producing pupae.--_ns._ NYMPH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the -nymphae; NYMPHOT'OMY, the excision of the nymphae. - -NYMPHAEA, nim-f[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of water-plants, with beautiful -fragrant flowers, including the water-lily, Egyptian lotus, &c. [L. -_nympha_, a nymph.] - -NYS, nis (_Spens._), none is. [_Ne_, not, and _is_.] - -NYSTAGMUS, nis-tag'mus, _n._ a spasmodic, lateral, oscillatory movement of -the eyes, found in miners, &c. [Gr., _nystazein_, to nap.] - -NYULA, ni-[=u]'la, _n._ an ichneumon. - - * * * * * - -O the fifteenth letter and fourth vowel of our alphabet, its sound -intermediate between _a_ and _u_--with three values in English, the -name-sound heard in _note_, the shorter sound heard in _not_, and the -neutral vowel heard in _son_: as a numeral, 'nothing,' or 'zero' (formerly -O=11, and ([=O])=11,000): (_chem._) the symbol of oxygen: anything round or -nearly so (_pl._ O'S, OES, pron. [=o]z). - -O, OH, [=o], _interj._ an exclamation of wonder, pain, desire, fear, &c. -The form _oh_ is the more usual in prose.--O HONE! OCH HONE! an Irish -exclamation of lamentation. [A.S. _e['a]_.] - -O, usually written o', an abbrev. for _of_ and _on_. - -OAF, [=o]f, _n._ a foolish or deformed child left by the fairies in place -of another: a dolt, an idiot.--_adj._ OAF'ISH, idiotic, doltish. [_Elf._] - -OAK, [=o]k, _n._ a tree of about 300 species, the most famous the British -oak, valued for its timber in shipbuilding, &c.--_ns._ OAK'-APP'LE, a -spongy substance on the leaves of the oak, caused by insects--also -OAK'LEAF-GALL; OAK'-BARK, the bark of some species of oak used in -tanning.--_adjs._ OAK'-CLEAV'ING (_Shak._), cleaving oaks; OAK'EN, -consisting or made of oak.--_ns._ OAK'-GALL, a gall produced on the oak; -OAK'-LEATH'ER, a fungus mycelium in the fissures of old oaks; OAK'LING, a -young oak; OAK'-P[=A]'PER, paper for wall-hangings veined like oak.--_adj._ -OAK'Y, like oak, firm.--OAK-APPLE DAY, the 29th of May, the anniversary of -the Restoration in 1660, when country boys used to wear oak-apples in -commemoration of Charles II. skulking in the branches of an oak (the ROYAL -OAK) from Cromwell's troopers after Worcester.--SPORT ONE'S OAK, in English -university slang, to signify that one does not wish visitors by closing the -outer door of one's rooms; THE OAKS, one of the three great English -races--for mares--the others being the Derby and St Leger. [A.S. _['a]c_; -Ice. _eik_, Ger. _eiche_.] - -OAKER, [=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ (_Spens._) ochre. - -OAKUM, [=o]k'um, _n._ old ropes untwisted and teased into loose hemp for -caulking the seams of ships. [A.S. _['a]cumba_, _['ae]cemba_--_cemban_, to -comb.] - -OAR, [=o]r, _n._ a light pole with a flat feather or spoon-shaped end (the -_blade_) for propelling a boat: an oar-like appendage for swimming, as the -antennae of an insect or crustacean, &c.: an oarsman.--_v.t._ to impel by -rowing.--_v.i._ to row.--_n._ OAR'AGE, oars collectively.--_adj._ OARED, -furnished with oars.--_ns._ OAR'LAP, a rabbit with its ears standing out at -right-angles to the head; OAR'-LOCK, a rowlock; OARS'MAN, one who rows with -an oar; OARS'MANSHIP, skill in rowing.--_adj._ OAR'Y, having the form or -use of oars.--BOAT OARS, to bring the oars inboard; FEATHER OARS, to turn -the blades parallel to the water when reaching back for another stroke; LIE -ON THE OARS, to cease rowing without shipping the oars: to rest, take -things easily: to cease from work; PUT IN ONE'S OAR, to give advice when -not wanted; SHIP, or UNSHIP, OARS, to place the oars in the rowlocks, or to -take them out. [A.S. _['a]r_.] - -OARIUM, [=o]-[=a]'ri-um, _n._ an ovary or ovarium. - -OASIS, [=o]-[=a]'sis, _n._ a fertile spot in a sandy desert: any place of -rest or pleasure in the midst of toil and gloom:--_pl._ OASES -([=o]-[=a]'s[=e]z). [L.,--Gr. _oasis_, an Egyptian word; cf. Coptic -_ouahe_.] - -OAST, [=o]st, _n._ a kiln to dry hops or malt.--_n._ OAST'-HOUSE. [A.S. -_['a]st_.] - -OAT, [=o]t (oftener in _pl._ OATS, [=o]ts), _n._ a well-known grassy plant, -the seeds of which are much used as food: its seeds: a musical pipe of -oat-straw: a shepherd's pipe, pastoral song generally.--_n._ OAT'CAKE, a -thin broad cake made of oatmeal.--_adj._ OAT'EN, consisting of an oat stem -or straw: made of oatmeal.--_ns._ OAT'-GRASS, two species of oat, useful -more as fodder than for the seed; OAT'MEAL, meal made of oats.--SOW ONE'S -WILD OATS, to indulge in the usual youthful dissipations. [A.S. _['a]ta_, -pl. _['a]tan_.] - -OATH, [=o]th, _n._ a solemn statement with an appeal to God as witness, and -a calling for punishment from Him in case of falsehood or of failure, also -the form of words in which such is made--_oath of abjuration_, -_allegiance_, &c.: an irreverent use of God's name in conversation or in -any way: any merely exclamatory imprecation, &c.:--_pl._ OATHS -([=o]_th_z).--_adj._ OATH'ABLE (_Shak._), capable of having an oath -administered to.--_n._ OATH'-BREAK'ING (_Shak._), the violation of an oath, -perjury.--UPON ONE'S OATH, sworn to speak the truth. [A.S. _['a]th_; Ger. -_eid_, Ice. _eithr_.] - -OB., for _objection_, just as _sol._ for _solution_, on the margins of old -books of controversial divinity.--_n._ OB'-AND-SOL'ER, a disputant, -polemic. - -OBANG, [=o]-bang', _n._ an old Japanese oblong gold coin. - -OBBLIGATO, ob-li-g[:a]'to, _adj._ that cannot be done without.--_n._ a -musical accompaniment, itself of independent importance, esp. that of a -single instrument to a vocal piece.--Also OBLIGA'TO. [It.] - -OBCONIC, -AL, ob-kon'ik, -al, _adj._ inversely conical. - -OBCORDATE, ob-kor'd[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) inversely heart-shaped, as a -leaf. - -OBDURATE, ob'd[=u]-r[=a]t, _adj._ hardened in heart or in feelings: -difficult to influence, esp. in a moral sense: stubborn: harsh.--_n._ -OB'D[=U]RACY, state of being obdurate: invincible hardness of -heart.--_adv._ OB'D[=U]RATELY.--_ns._ OB'D[=U]RATENESS, -OBD[=U]R[=A]'TION.--_adj._ OBD[=U]RED', hardened. [L. _obdur[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_ob_, against, _dur[=a]re_, to harden--_durus_, hard.] - -OBEAH. See OBI. - -OBEDIENCE, [=o]-b[=e]'di-ens, _n._ state of being obedient: willingness to -obey commands: dutifulness: the collective body of persons subject to any -particular authority: a written instruction from the superior of an order -to those under him: any official position under an abbot's -jurisdiction.--_adjs._ OB[=E]'DIENT, willing to obey; OB[=E]DIEN'TIAL, -submissive: obligatory.--_adv._ OB[=E]'DIENTLY.--CANONICAL OBEDIENCE, the -obedience, as regulated by the canons, of an ecclesiastic to another of -higher rank; PASSIVE OBEDIENCE, unresisting and unquestioning obedience to -authority, like that taught by some Anglican divines as due even to -faithless and worthless kings like Charles II. and James II. - -OBEISANCE, [=o]-b[=a]'sans, or [=o]-b[=e]'sans, _n._ obedience: a bow or -act of reverence: an expression of respect.--_adj._ OB[=E]'ISANT. -[Fr.,--_ob['e]ir_--L. _obed[=i]re_, to obey.] - -OBELION, [=o]-b[=e]'li-on, _n._ a point in the sagittal suture of the -skull, between the two parietal foramina. [Gr. _obelos_, a spit.] - -OBELISK, ob'e-lisk, _n._ a tall, four-sided, tapering pillar, usually of -one stone, finished at the top like a flat pyramid: (_print._) a dagger -( + ).--_adj._ OB'ELISCAL.--_v.t._ OB'ELISE, to mark with an obelisk, to -condemn as spurious, indelicate, &c.--_n._ OB'ELUS, a mark ( -- or / ) used -in ancient MSS. to mark suspected passages, esp. in the Septuagint to -indicate passages not in the Hebrew:--_pl._ OB'ELI. [Through Fr. and L., -from Gr. _obeliskos_, dim. of _obelos_, a spit.] - -OBERHAUS, [=o]'ber-hows, _n._ the upper house in those German legislative -bodies that have two chambers. [Ger. _ober_, upper, _haus_, house.] - -OBERLAND, [=o]'ber-lant, _n._ highlands, as the Bernese Oberland in -Switzerland. - -OBERON, [=o]'ber-on, king of the fairies, husband of Titania. - -OBESE, [=o]-b[=e]s', _adj._ fat: fleshy.--_ns._ OBESE'NESS, OBES'ITY, -fatness: abnormal fatness. [L. _obesus_--_ob_, up, _ed[)e]re_, _esum_, to -eat.] - -OBEX, [=o]'beks, _n._ a barrier: a thickening at the calamus scriptorius of -the medulla oblongata. [L., _objic[)e]re_, to throw before.] - -OBEY, [=o]-b[=a]', _v.t._ to do as told by: to be ruled by: to yield to: to -carry out or perform.--_v.i._ to submit to power, &c.: (_B._) to yield -obedience (followed by _to_).--_n._ OBEY'ER.--_adv._ OBEY'INGLY, -obediently. [Fr. _ob['e]ir_--L. _obed[=i]re_--_ob_, near, _aud[=i]re_, to -hear.] - -OBFUSCATE, ob-fus'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to darken: to confuse.--_n._ -OBFUSC[=A]'TION. [L. _obfusc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, inten., _fuscus_, -dark.] - -OBI, [=o]'bi, _n._ a kind of sorcery practised by _obeah-men_ and -_obeah-women_ among the negroes of the West Indies and United States, a -survival of African magic: a fetish or charm--also O'BEA, O'BEAH, -O'BY.--_n._ O'BIISM. [Prob. Afr.] - -OBI, [=o]'bi, _n._ a broad, gaily embroidered sash worn by Japanese women. -[Jap.] - -OBIT, [=o]'bit, or ob'it, _n._ death: the fact or the date of death: -funeral ceremonies: the anniversary of a person's death, or a service at -such time.--_adj._ OBIT'UAL, pertaining to obits.--_adv._ -OBIT'UARILY.--_n._ OBIT'UARIST, a writer of obituaries.--_adj._ OBIT'UARY, -relating to the death of a person or persons.--_n._ a register of deaths -(_orig._) in a monastery: an account of a deceased person, or a notice of -his death. [Fr.,--L. _obitus_--_ob[=i]re_--_ob_, to, _[=i]re_, to go.] - -OBJECT, ob-jekt', _v.t._ to place before the view: to throw in the way of: -to offer in opposition: to oppose.--_v.i._ to oppose: to give a reason -against.--_n._ OBJECTIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ OBJECT'IFY, to make -objective.--_n._ OBJEC'TION, act of objecting: anything said or done in -opposition: argument against.--_adj._ OBJEC'TIONABLE, that may be objected -to: requiring to be disapproved of.--_adv._ OBJEC'TIONABLY, in an -objectionable manner or degree.--_adj._ OBJECT'IVE, relating to an object: -being exterior to the mind: substantive, self-existent: setting forth what -is external, actual, practical, apart from the sensations or emotions of -the speaker: as opposed to _Subjective_, pertaining to that which is real -or exists in nature, in contrast with what is ideal or exists merely in -thought: (_gram._) belonging to the case of the object.--_n._ (_gram._) the -case of the object: in microscopes, &c., the lens which brings the rays to -a focus: the point to which the operations of an army are directed.--_adv._ -OBJECT'IVELY.--_ns._ OBJECT'IVENESS; OBJECT'IVISM.--_adj._ -OBJECTIVIST'IC.--_ns._ OBJECTIV'ITY, state of being objective; OBJECT'OR. -[Fr.,--L. _object[=a]re_, a freq. of _objic[)e]re_, _-jectum_--_ob_, in the -way of, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.] - -OBJECT, ob'jekt, _n._ anything perceived or set before the mind: that which -is sought after, or that toward which an action is directed: end: motive: -(_gram._) that toward which the action of a transitive verb is -directed.--_ns._ OB'JECT-FIND'ER, a device in microscopes for locating an -object in the field before examination by a higher power; OB'JECT-GLASS, -the glass at the end of a telescope or microscope next the object; -OB'JECTIST, one versed in the objective philosophy.--_adj._ OB'JECTLESS, -having no object: purposeless.--_ns._ OB'JECT-LESS'ON, a lesson in which -the object to be described, or a representation of it, is shown; -OB'JECT-SOUL, a vital principle attributed by the primitive mind to -inanimate objects. - -OBJURE, ob-j[=oo]r', _v.i._ to swear.--_n._ OBJUR[=A]'TION, act of binding -by oath. - -OBJURGATION, ob-jur-g[=a]'shun, _n._ act of chiding: a blaming, reproof: -reprehension.--_v.t._ OBJUR'GATE, to chide.--_adj._ OBJUR'GATORY, -expressing blame or reproof. [Fr.,--L.,--_ob_, against, _jurg[=a]re_, to -sue at law--_jus_, law, _ag[)e]re_, to drive.] - -OBLANCEOLATE, ob-lan'se-o-l[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) shaped like the head of a -lance reversed, as a leaf. - -OBLATE, ob-l[=a]t', _n._ a secular person devoted to a monastery, but not -under its vows, esp. one of the Oblate Fathers or Oblate Sisters: one -dedicated to a religious order from childhood, or who takes the cowl in -anticipation of death: a loaf of altar-bread before its consecration.--_n._ -OBL[=A]'TION, act of offering: anything offered in worship or sacred -service, esp. a eucharistic offering: an offering generally.--GREAT -OBLATION, the solemn offering or presentation in memorial before God of the -consecrated elements, as sacramentally the body and blood of Christ; LESSER -OBLATION, the offertory. [L. _oblatus_, offered up.] - -OBLATE, ob-l[=a]t', _adj._ flattened at opposite sides or poles: shaped -like an orange.--_ns._ OBLATE'NESS, flatness at the poles; -OBLATE'-SPHER'OID, a spherical body flattened at the poles. [L. _oblatus_, -pa.p. of _offerre_, to offer--_ob_, against, _ferre_, to bring.] - -OBLIGATO. See OBBLIGATO. - -OBLIGE, [=o]-bl[=i]j', _v.t._ to bind or constrain: to bind by some favour -rendered, hence to do a favour to.--_adj._ OB'LIGABLE, that can be held to -a promise or an undertaking: true to a promise or a contract.--_n._ -OB'LIGANT, one who binds himself to another to pay or to perform -something.--_v.t._ OB'LIG[=A]TE, to constrain: to bind by contract or -duty:--_pr.p._ ob'lig[=a]ting; _pa.p._ ob'lig[=a]ted.--_n._ OBLIG[=A]'TION, -act of obliging: the power which binds to a promise, a duty, &c.: any act -which binds one to do something for another: that to which one is bound: -state of being indebted for a favour: (_law_) a bond containing a penalty -in case of failure.--_adv._ OB'LIGATORILY.--_n._ OB'LIGATORINESS.--_adj._ -OB'LIG[=A]TORY, binding: imposing duty.--_ns._ OBLIGEE (ob-li-j[=e]'), the -person to whom another is obliged; OBLIGE'MENT, a favour conferred.--_adj._ -OBLIG'ING, disposed to confer favours: ready to do a good turn.--_adv._ -OBLIG'INGLY.--_ns._ OBLIG'INGNESS; OB'LIGOR (_law_), the person who binds -himself to another. [Fr.,--L. _oblig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, before, -_lig[=a]re_, to bind.] - -OBLIQUE, ob-l[=e]k', _adj._ slanting: not perpendicular: not parallel: not -straightforward: obscure: (_geom._) not a right-angle: (_gram._) denoting -any case except the nominative.--_v.i._ to deviate from a direct line or -from the perpendicular, to slant: to advance obliquely by facing half right -or left and then advancing.--_ns._ OBLIQU[=A]'TION, OBLIQUE'NESS, -OBLIQ'UITY, state of being oblique: a slanting direction: error or wrong: -irregularity.--_adv._ OBLIQUE'LY.--_adj._ OBLIQ'UID (_Spens._), -oblique.--OBLIQUE CONE or CYLINDER, one whose axis is oblique to the plane -of its base; OBLIQUE NARRATION or SPEECH (L. _oratio obliqua_), indirect -narration, the actual words of the speaker, but, as related by a third -person, having the first person in pronoun and verb converted into the -third, adverbs of present time into the corresponding adverbs of past time, -&c.; OBLIQUE SAILING, the reduction of the position of a ship from the -various courses made good, oblique to the meridian or parallel of latitude; -OBLIQUITY OF THE ECLIPTIC, the angle between the plane of the earth's orbit -and that of the earth's equator. [Fr.,--L. _obliquus_--_ob_, before, -_liquis_, slanting.] - -OBLITERATE, ob-lit'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to blot out, so as not to be -readable: to wear out: to destroy: to reduce to a very low state.--_n._ -OBLITER[=A]'TION, act of obliterating: a blotting or wearing out: -extinction.--_adj._ OBLIT'ER[=A]TIVE. [L. _obliter[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_ob_, over, _litera_, a letter.] - -OBLIVION, ob-liv'i-un, _n._ act of forgetting or state of being forgotten: -remission of punishment.--_adj._ OBLIV'IOUS, forgetful: prone to forget: -causing forgetfulness.--_adv._ OBLIV'IOUSLY.--_ns._ OBLIV'IOUSNESS; -OBLIVISC'ENCE. [Fr.,--L. _oblivion-em_--_oblivisci_, to forget.] - -OBLONG, ob'long, _adj._ long in one way: longer than broad.--_n._ (_geom._) -a rectangle longer than broad: any oblong figure.--_adj._ -OB'LONGISH.--_adv._ OB'LONGLY.--_n._ OB'LONGNESS. [Fr.,--L. _ob_, over, -_longus_, long.] - -OBLOQUY, ob'lo-kwi, _n._ reproachful language: censure: calumny: disgrace. -[L. _obloquium_--_ob_, against, _loqui_, to speak.] - -OBMUTESCENCE, ob-m[=u]-tes'ens, _n._ loss of speech, dumbness. [L. -_obmutesc[)e]re_, to become dumb.] - -OBNOXIOUS, ob-nok'shus, _adj._ liable to hurt or punishment: exposed to: -guilty: blameworthy: offensive: subject: answerable.--_adv._ -OBNOX'IOUSLY.--_n._ OBNOX'IOUSNESS. [L.,--_ob_, before, _noxa_, hurt.] - -OBNUBILATION, ob-n[=u]-bi-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of making dark or -obscure.--_v.t._ OBN[=U]'BIL[=A]TE. [Low L. _obnubilare_, to cloud over--L. -_ob_, over, _nubilus_, cloudy.] - -OBOE, [=o]'b[=o]-e, _n._ a treble reed musical instrument, usually with -fifteen keys, with a rich tone, giving the pitch to the violin in the -orchestra: a treble stop on the organ, its bass being the bassoon--also -_Hautboy._--_n._ O'B[=O]IST, a player on the oboe.--OBOE D'AMORE, an -obsolete alto oboe; OBOE DI CACCIA, an obsolete tenor oboe, or rather tenor -bassoon. [Fr. _hautbois_.] - -OBOL, ob'ol, _n._ in ancient Greece, a small coin, worth rather more than -three-halfpence: also a weight, the sixth part of a drachma--also -OB'OLUS:--_pl._ OB'OLI ([=i]).--_adj_. OB'OLARY, consisting of obols: -extremely poor. [Gr. _obelos_, a spit.] - -OBOVATE, ob-[=o]'v[=a]t, _adj_. _(bot.)_ egg-shaped, as a leaf, with the -narrow end next the leaf-stalk.--_adv._ OB[=O]'V[=A]TELY.--_adj_. -OB[=O]'VOID, solidly obovate. - -OBREPTION, ob-rep'shun, _n._ obtaining of gifts of escheat by -falsehood--opp. to _Subreption_ (q.v.).--_adj._ OBREPTIT'IOUS. - -OBSCENE, ob-s[=e]n', _adj_. offensive to chastity: unchaste: indecent: -disgusting: ill-omened.--_adv_. OBSCENE'LY.--_ns._ OBSCENE'NESS, -OBSCEN'ITY, quality of being obscene: lewdness. [L. _obscenus_.] - -OBSCURE, ob-sk[=u]r', _adj_. dark: not distinct: not easily understood: not -clear, legible, or perspicuous: unknown: humble: unknown to fame: living in -darkness.--_v.t._ to darken: to make less plain: to render doubtful.--_ns._ -OBSC[=U]'RANT, one who labours to prevent enlightenment or reform; -OBSC[=U]'RANTISM, opposition to inquiry or reform; OBSC[=U]'RANTIST, an -obscurant.--_adj_. pertaining to obscurantism.--_n._ OBSC[=U]R[=A]'TION, -the act of obscuring or state of being obscured.--_adv_. -OBSC[=U]RE'LY.--_ns._ OBSC[=U]RE'MENT; OBSC[=U]RE'NESS; OBSC[=U]'RER; -OBSC[=U]'RITY, state or quality of being obscure: darkness: an obscure -place or condition: unintelligibleness: humility. [Fr.,--L. _obscurus_.] - -OBSECRATE, ob'se-kr[=a]t, _v._ to beseech: to implore.--_n._ -OBSECR[=A]'TION, supplication: one of the clauses in the Litany beginning -with _by._--_adj_. OB'SECR[=A]TORY, supplicatory. [L. _obsecr[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to entreat; _ob_, before, _sacr[=a]re_--_sacer_, sacred.] - -OBSEQUIES, ob'se-kwiz, _n.pl._ funeral rites and solemnities:--_sing._ -OB'SEQUY (_Milt._)--rarely used.--_adj_. OBS[=E]'QUIAL. [Fr. -_obs[`e]ques_--L. _obsequiae_--_ob_, before, upon, sequi, to comply.] - -OBSEQUIOUS, ob-s[=e]'kwi-us, _adj_. compliant to excess: meanly -condescending.--_adv_. OBS[=E]'QUIOUSLY.--_n._ OBS[=E]'QUIOUSNESS. -[Fr.,--L. _obsequiosus_, compliant, _obsequium_, compliance.] - -OBSERVE, ob-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep in view: to notice: to subject to -systematic observation: to regard attentively: to remark, refer to in -words: to comply with: to heed and to carry out in practice: to keep with -proper ceremony: to keep or guard.--_v.i._ to take notice: to attend: to -remark.--_adj._ OBSERV'ABLE, that may be observed or noticed: worthy of -observation: remarkable: requiring to be observed.--_n._ -OBSERV'ABLENESS.--_adv_. OBSERV'ABLY.--_ns._ OBSERV'ANCE, act of observing -or paying attention to: performance: attention: that which is to be -observed: rule of practice, a custom to be observed: reverence: homage; -OBSERV'ANCY, observance: obsequiousness.--_adj._ OBSERV'ANT, observing: -having powers of observing and noting: taking notice: adhering to: -carefully attentive.--_n._ (_Shak._) an obsequious attendant: one strict to -comply with a custom, &c.; or OBSERV'ANTINE, one of those Franciscan monks -of stricter rule who separated from the Conventuals in the 15th -century.--_adv._ OBSERV'ANTLY.--_n._ OBSERV[=A]'TION, act of observing: -habit of seeing and noting: attention: the act of recognising and noting -phenomena as they occur in nature, as distinguished from _experiment:_ that -which is observed: a remark: performance: the fact of being -observed.--_adj_. OBSERV[=A]'TIONAL, consisting of, or containing, -observations or remarks: derived from observation, as distinguished from -_experiment_.--_adv._ OBSERV[=A]'TIONALLY.--_adj._ OBSER'VATIVE, -attentive.--_ns._ OB'SERV[=A]TOR, one who observes: a remarker; -OBSERV'ATORY, a place for making astronomical and physical observations, -usually placed in some high and stable place; OBSERV'ER.--_adj._ -OBSERV'ING, habitually taking notice: attentive.--_adv._ OBSERV'INGLY. -[Fr.,--L. _observ[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, before, _serv[=a]re_, to keep.] - -OBSESSION, ob-sesh'un, _n._ persistent attack, esp. of an evil spirit upon -a person: the state of being so molested from without--opp. to -_Possession_, or control by an evil spirit from within. [L. -_obsession-em_--_obsid[=e]re_, to besiege.] - -OBSIDIAN, ob-sid'i-an, _n._ a natural glass--the vitreous condition of an -acid lava. [From _Obsidius_, who, according to Pliny, discovered it in -Ethiopia.] - -OBSIDIONAL, ob-sid'i-[=o]-nal, _adj._ pertaining to a siege.--Also -OBSID'IONARY. - -OBSIGNATE, ob-sig'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to seal, confirm.--_n._ OBSIGN[=A]'TION. - -OBSOLESCENT, ob-so-les'ent, _adj._ going out of use.--_n._ -OBSOLESC'ENCE.--_adj._ OB'SOLETE, gone out of use: antiquated: (_zool._) -obscure: not clearly marked or developed: rudimental.--_adv._ -OB'SOLETELY.--_ns._ OB'SOLETENESS; OBSOL[=E]'TION (_rare_); OB'SOLETISM. -[L. _obsolescens_, _-entis_, _pr.p._ of _obsolesc[)e]re_, -_obsoletum_--_ob_, before, _sol[=e]re_, to be wont.] - -OBSTACLE, ob'sta-kl, _n._ anything that stands in the way of or hinders -progress: obstruction.--OBSTACLE RACE, a race in which obstacles have to be -surmounted or circumvented. [Fr.,--L. _obstaculum_--_ob_, in the way of, -_st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -OBSTETRIC, -AL, ob-stet'rik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to midwifery.--_ns._ -OBSTETRIC'IAN, one skilled in obstetrics; OBSTET'RICS, the science of -midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; OBSTET'RIX, a midwife. [L. -_obstetricius_--_obstetrix_, _-icis_, a midwife--_ob_, before, _st[=a]re_, -to stand.] - -OBSTINATE, ob'sti-n[=a]t, _adj._ blindly or excessively firm: unyielding: -stubborn: not easily subdued or remedied.--_ns._ OB'STINACY, -OB'STINATENESS, the condition of being obstinate: excess of firmness: -stubbornness: fixedness that yields with difficulty, as a disease.--_adv._ -OB'STINATELY. [L. _obstin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, in the way of, -_st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -OBSTIPATION, ob-sti-p[=a]'shun, _n._ extreme costiveness. - -OBSTREPEROUS, ob-strep'[.e]r-us, _adj._ making a loud noise: clamorous: -noisy.--_v.i._ OBSTREP'ER[=A]TE (_Sterne_).--_adv._ OBSTREP'EROUSLY.--_n._ -OBSTREP'EROUSNESS. [L. _obstreperus_--_ob_, before, _strep[)e]re_, to make -a noise.] - -OBSTRICTION, ob-strik'shun, _n._ obligation. [L. _obstring[)e]re_, -_obstrictum_, to bind up.] - -OBSTROPULOUS, ob-strop'[=u]-lus, _adj._ a vulgar form of _obstreperous_. - -OBSTRUCT, ob-strukt', _v.t._ to block up, to hinder from passing, to -retard.--_ns._ OBSTRUC'TER, OBSTRUC'TOR, one who obstructs; OBSTRUC'TION, -act of obstructing: that which hinders progress or action: opposition, esp. -in a legislative assembly; OBSTRUC'TIONIST.--_adj._ OBSTRUC'TIVE, tending -to obstruct: hindering.--_n._ one who opposes progress.--_adv._ -OBSTRUCT'IVELY.--_adj._ OB'STRUENT, obstructing: blocking up.--_n._ -(_med._) anything that obstructs, esp. in the passages of the body. [L. -_obstru[)e]re_, _obstructum_--_ob_, in the way of, _stru[)e]re_, -_structum_, to pile up.] - -OBTAIN, ob-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to lay hold of: to hold: to procure by effort: -to gain: to keep possession of.--_v.i._ to be established: to continue in -use: to become customary or prevalent: to hold good: (_rare_) to -succeed.--_adj._ OBTAIN'ABLE, that may be obtained, procured, or -acquired.--_ns._ OBTAIN'ER; OBTAIN'MENT; OBTEN'TION, procurement.--OBTAIN -TO (_Bacon_), to attain to. [Fr.,--L. _obtin[=e]re_--_ob_, upon, -_ten[=e]re_, to hold.] - -OBTECTED, ob-tek'ted, _adj._ covered, protected by a chitonous case, as the -pupae of most flies. [L. _obteg[)e]re_, _obtectum_, to cover over.] - -OBTEMPER, ob-tem'per, _v.t._ to yield obedience to (with _to_, _unto_). [L. -_obtemper[=a]re_.] - -OBTEND, ob-tend', _v.t._ (_obs._) to oppose: to allege. [L. _obtend[)e]re_, -to stretch before.] - -OBTEST, ob-test', _v.t._ to call upon, as a witness: to beg for.--_v.i._ to -protest.--_n._ OBTEST[=A]'TION, act of calling to witness: a supplication. -[L. _obtest[=a]ri_, to call as a witness--_ob_, before, _testis_, a -witness.] - -OBTRUDE, ob-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust in upon when not wanted: to urge -upon against the will of.--_v.i._ to thrust one's self or be thrust -upon.--_ns._ OBTRUD'ER; OBTRUD'ING, OBTRU'SION, a thrusting in or upon -against the will of.--_adj._ OBTRUS'IVE, disposed to thrust one's self -among others.--_adv._ OBTRUS'IVELY.--_n._ OBTRUS'IVENESS. [L. -_obtrud[)e]re_--_ob_, before, _trud[)e]re_, _trusum_, to thrust.] - -OBTRUNCATE, ob-trung'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to cut or lop off. [L. _obtrunc[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_ob_, before, _trunc[=a]re_, cut off.] - -OBTUND, ob-tund', _v.t._ to dull or blunt, to deaden.--_adj._ OBTUND'ENT, -dulling.--_n._ an oily mucilage for sores: an application to deaden the -nerve of a tooth. [L. _obtund[)e]re_, to strike upon.] - -OBTURATE, ob't[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to close or stop up.--_ns._ -OBTUR[=A]'TION, the act of stopping up, esp. in gunnery, of a hole to -prevent the escape of gas; OB'T[=U]R[=A]TOR, that which stops or closes up, -as a device of this kind in gunnery, &c.: in surgery, an artificial plate -for closing an abnormal aperture or fissure, as with cleft palate, &c., or -for distending an opening, as in lithotomy: any structure that shuts off a -cavity or passage, esp. in anatomy, the membrane vessels, &c., closing the -_obturator foramen_, or _thyroid foramen_, a large opening or fenestra in -the anterior part of the hip-bone. [L. _obtur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to stop -up.] - -OBTURBINATE, ob-tur'bi-n[=a]t, _adj._ inversely top-shaped. - -OBTUSE, ob-t[=u]s', _adj._ blunt: not pointed: (_bot._) blunt or rounded at -the point, as a leaf: stupid: not shrill: (_geom._) greater than a right -angle.--_adjs._ OBTUSE'-ANG'LED, OBTUSE'-ANG'ULAR, having an angle greater -than a right angle.--_adv._ OBTUSE'LY.--_ns._ OBTUSE'NESS, OBTUS'ITY. -[Fr.,--L. _obtusus_--_obtund[)e]re_, to blunt--_ob_, against, _tund[)e]re_, -to beat.] - -OBUMBRATE, ob-um'br[=a]t, _v.t._ to overshadow, to darken.--_adj._ lying -under some projecting part, as the abdomen of certain spiders.--_adj._ -OBUM'BRANT, overhanging. [L. _obumbr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to overshadow.] - -OBVALLATE, ob-val'[=a]t, _adj._ walled up. [L. _obvall[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, -to wall round.] - -OBVELATION, ob-v[=e]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ concealment. - -OBVENTION, ob-ven'shun, _n._ (_obs._) any incidental occurrence, or -advantage, esp. an offering. - -OBVERSE, ob-v[.e]rs', _adj._ turned towards one: bearing the head, as one -face of a coin--opp. to _Reverse_: a second or complemental aspect of the -same fact, a correlative proposition identically, implying another: -(_bot._) having the base narrower than the top.--_n._ OB'VERSE, the side of -a coin containing the head, or principal symbol.--_adv._ OBVERSE'LY.--_n._ -OBVER'SION, the act of turning toward the front of anything: in logic, a -species of immediate inference--viz. the predicating of the original -subject, the contradictory of the original predicate, and changing the -quality of the proposition--e.g. to infer from _all_ A is B that _no_ A is -not B--also called _Permutation_ and _Equipollence_.--_v.t._ OBVERT', to -turn towards the front. [L. _obversus_--_ob_, towards, _vert[)e]re_, to -turn.] - -OBVIATE, ob'vi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to meet on the way, hence to remove, as -difficulties. [L. _obvi[=a]re_, -[=a]tum--_ob_, in the way of, _vi[=a]re_, -_vi[=a]tum_, to go--_via_, a way.] - -OBVIOUS, ob'vi-us, _adj._ meeting one in the way: easily discovered or -understood: evident.--_adv._ OB'VIOUSLY.--_n._ OB'VIOUSNESS. [L. _obvius_.] - -OBVOLUTE, -D, ob'vo-l[=u]t, -ed, _adj._ rolled or turned in, as two leaves -in a bud, one edge of each out and the other in, as in the poppy.--_adj._ -OBVOL'VENT, curved downward or inward. [L. _obvolutus_--_ob_, before, -_volv[)e]re_, _volutum_, to roll.] - -OCARINA, ok-a-r[=e]'na, _n._ a kind of musical instrument with a whistling -sound, made of terra-cotta, with finger-holes and a mouthpiece. [It.] - -OCCAMISM, ok'am-mizm, _n._ the doctrine of the nominalist schoolman, -William of _Occam_ or _Ockham_ (_c._ 1270-1349).--_n._ OCC'AMIST, a -follower of Occam. - -OCCAMY, ok'a-mi, _n._ a silvery alloy. [_Alchemy._] - -OCCASION, o-k[=a]'zhun, _n._ a case of something happening: a special time -or season: a chance of bringing about something desired: an event which, -although not the cause, determines the time at which another happens: a -reason or excuse: opportunity: requirement, business: a special -ceremony.--_v.t._ to cause indirectly: to influence.--_adj._ -OCC[=A]'SIONAL, falling in the way or happening: occurring only at times: -resulting from accident: produced on some special event.--_ns._ -OCC[=A]'SIONALISM, the philosophical system of the Cartesian school for -explaining the action of mind upon matter, or the combined action of both -by the direct intervention of God, who on the occasion of certain -modifications in our minds, excites the corresponding movements of body, -and on the occasion of certain changes in our body, awakens the -corresponding feelings in the mind; OCC[=A]'SIONALIST; -OCCASIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ OCC[=A]'SIONALLY.--_n._ OCC[=A]'SIONER.--ON -OCCASION, in case of need: as opportunity offers, from time to time; TAKE -OCCASION, to take advantage of an opportunity. [Fr.,--L. -_occasion-em_--_occid[)e]re_--_ob_, in the way of, _cad[)e]re_, _casum_, to -fall.] - -OCCIDENT, ok'si-dent, _n._ the western quarter of the sky where the sun -goes down or sets: the west generally.--_adj._ OCCIDEN'TAL, noting the -quarter where the sun goes down or sets: western: relatively less precious, -as a gem.--_n._ a native of some occidental country--opp. to -_Oriental_.--_v.t._ OCCIDEN'TALISE, to cause to conform to western ideas or -customs.--_ns._ OCCIDEN'TALISM, habits, &c., of occidental peoples; -OCCIDEN'TALIST, a student of occidental languages--opp. to _Orientalist_: -an individual belonging to an oriental country who favours western ideas, -customs, &c.--_adv._ OCCIDEN'TALLY. [Fr.,--L. _occidens_, _-entis_, pr.p. -of _occid[)e]re_, to fall down.] - -OCCIPUT, ok'si-put, _n._ the back part of the head or skull.--_adj._ -OCCIP'ITAL, pertaining to the occiput or back part of the head.--_n._ the -occipital bone.--_adv._ OCCIP'ITALLY.--_adjs._ OCCIP'ITO-AX'IAL, of or -pertaining to the occipital bone and to the axis or second cervical -vertebra; OCCIP'ITO-FRONT'AL, pertaining to the occiput and to the -forehead; OCCIP'ITO-TEM'PORAL, pertaining to the occipital and temporal -regions. [L.,--_ob_, over against, _caput_, head.] - -OCCLUDE, o-kl[=oo]d', _v.t._ to absorb, as a gas by a metal.--_adj._ -OCCLU'DENT, serving to close.--_n._ OCCLU'SION, a closing of an opening, -passage, or cavity: the act of occluding or absorbing.--_adj._ OCCLU'SIVE, -serving to close.--_n._ OCCLU'SOR, that which closes, esp. an organ for -closing an opening in a body. [L. _occlud[)e]re_,--_ob_, before, -_claud[)e]re_, to shut.] - -OCCULT, ok-kult', _adj._ covered over: escaping observation: hidden: not -discovered without test or experiment: secret, unknown, transcending the -bounds of natural knowledge.--_n._ OCCULT[=A]'TION, a concealing, esp. of -one of the heavenly bodies by another: state of being hid.--_adj._ -OCCULT'ED (_Shak._), hidden, secret: (_astron._) concealed, as by a body -coming between.--_ns._ OCCULT'ISM, the doctrine or study of things hidden -or mysterious--theosophy, &c.; OCCULT'IST, one who believes in occult -things.--_adv._ OCCULT'LY.--_n._ OCCULT'NESS.--OCCULT SCIENCES, alchemy, -astrology, magic, &c. [Fr.,--L. _occul[)e]re_, _occultum_, to hide.] - -OCCUPY, ok'[=u]-p[=i], _v.t._ to take or hold possession of: to take up, as -room, &c.: to fill, as an office: to employ: (_B._) to use: to trade with: -(_Shak._) to possess, enjoy.--_v.i._ to hold possession: (_B._) to -trade:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ occ'[=u]pied.--_ns._ OCC'UPANCY, the act of -occupying, or of taking or holding possession: possession: the time during -which one occupies; OCC'UPANT, one who takes or has possession.--_v.t._ -OCC'UP[=A]TE (_Bacon_), to hold: to possess:--_pr.p._ occ'[=u]p[=a]ting; -_pa.p._ occ'[=u]p[=a]ted.--_n._ OCCUP[=A]'TION, the act of occupying or -taking possession: possession: state of being employed or occupied: that -which occupies or takes up one's attention: employment.--_adj._ -OCCUP[=A]'TIVE.--_n._ OCC'UPIER, one who takes or holds possession of: an -occupant: (_B._) a trader. [Fr.,--L. _occup[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, to, -on, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] - -OCCUR, o-kur', _v.i._ to come or be presented to the mind: to happen: to -appear: to be found here and there: to coincide in time:--_pr.p._ -occur'ring; _pa.p._ occurred'.--_ns._ OCCUR'RENCE, anything that occurs: an -event, esp. one unlooked for or unplanned: occasional presentation; -OCCUR'RENT, one who comes to meet another: (_B._) an occurrence or -chance.--_adj._ (_B._) coming in the way. [Fr.,--L. _occurr[)e]re_--_ob_, -towards, _curr[)e]re_, to run.] - -OCEAN, [=o]'shan, _n._ the vast expanse of salt water that covers the -greater part of the surface of the globe: one of its five great divisions -(Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic): any immense expanse or vast -quantity.--_adj._ pertaining to the great sea.--_n._ O'CEAN-B[=A]'SIN, the -depression of the earth's surface in which the waters of an ocean are -contained.--_adjs._ OCEAN'IAN, pertaining to _Oceania_, which includes -Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australasia, and Malaysia; OCEAN'IC, -pertaining to the ocean: found or formed in the ocean or high seas, -pelagic: wide like the ocean.--_ns.pl._ OCEAN'IC-IS'LANDS, islands far from -the mainland, situated in the midst of the ocean; OCEAN'IDES, marine -molluscs or sea-shells.--_ns._ O'CEAN-LANE (see LANE); OCEANOG'RAPHER, one -versed in oceanography.--_adj._ OCEANOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._ OCEANOG'RAPHY, the -scientific description of the ocean; OCEANOL'OGY, the science of the ocean: -a treatise on the ocean. [Fr.,--L. _oceanus_--Gr. _[=o]keanos_, perh. from -_[=o]kys_, swift.] - -OCELLATE, -D, [=o]'sel-l[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ resembling an eye: marked with -spots resembling eyes, as the feathers of a peacock.--_adjs._ OCEL'LAR, -OC'ELLARY, ocellate, pertaining to ocelli; OCELLIF'EROUS, OCELLIG'EROUS, -bearing spots like small eyes.--_n._ OCEL'LUS, a little eye, an eye-spot: -one of the round spots of varied colour in the tail of a peacock, -&c.:--_pl._ OCEL'L[=I]. [L. _ocellatus_--_ocellus_, dim. of _oculus_, an -eye.] - -OCELOT, [=o]'se-lot, _n._ the name of several species of animals in -tropical America allied to the leopard, but much smaller.--_adj._ O'CELOID. -[Mex.] - -OCHER, OCHEROUS. See OCHRE. - -OCH HONE, oh h[=o]n, an exclamation of lamentation. [Ir.] - -OCHIDORE, ok'i-d[=o]r, _n._ a shore-crab. - -OCHLESIS, ok-l[=e]'sis, _n._ an unhealthy condition due to -overcrowding.--_adj._ OCHLET'IC. [Gr. _ochlos_, a crowd.] - -OCHLOCRACY, ok-lok'ra-si, _n._ mob-rule: government by the -populace.--_adjs._ OCHLOCRAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ OCHLOCRAT'ICALLY. [Gr. -_ochlokratia_--_ochlos_, the mob, _kratia_, rule.] - -OCHRE, [=o]'k[.e]r, _n._ a fine clay, mostly pale yellow, used for -colouring walls, &c.: (_slang_) money, esp. gold.--_adjs._ O'CHEROUS, -OCHR[=A]'CEOUS, O'CHREOUS, O'CHROID, O'CHRY, consisting of, containing, or -resembling ochre. [Fr.,--L. _ochra_--Gr. _[=o]chra_--_[=o]chros_, pale -yellow.] - -OCREA, [=o]'kre-a, _n._ (_bot._) a sheath formed of two stipules united -round a stem:--_pl._ O'CHREAE, O'CREAE.--_adj._ O'CHRE[=A]TE. [L. _ochrea_, -a legging.] - -OCTACHORD, ok'ta-kord, _n._ a musical instrument with eight strings: a -diatonic series of eight tones. - -OCTAGON, ok'ta-gon, _n._ a plane figure of eight sides and eight -angles.--_adj._ OCTAG'ONAL. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.] - -OCTAHEDRON, ok-ta-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid bounded by eight faces.--_adj._ -OCTAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _hedra_, a base.] - -OCTANDROUS, ok-tan'drus, _adj._ (_bot._) having eight stamens.--_n.pl._ -OCTAN'DRIA.--_adj._ OCTAN'DRIAN. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _an[=e]r_, -_andros_, a man.] - -OCTANGULAR, ok-tang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having eight angles. - -OCTANT, ok'tant, _n._ the eighth part of a circle: an instrument for -measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45deg, or one-eighth of a -circle, apart.--Also OC'TILE. [L. _octans_, _octantis_--_octo_, eight.] - -OCTAPLA, ok'ta-pla, _n._ something eightfold: a Bible in eight languages. -[Gr. _oktaplous_, eightfold.] - -OCTAPODY, ok-tap'[=o]-di, _n._ (_pros._) a metre or verse of eight -feet.--_adj._ OCTAPOD'IC.--_n._ OC'TASTICH, a strophe of eight verses or -lines--also OCTAS'TICHON.--_adj._ OCTASTROPH'IC, consisting of eight -strophes. - -OCTASTYLE. See OCTOSTYLE. - -OCTAVE, ok't[=a]v, _adj._ eight: consisting of eight.--_n._ an eighth: that -which consists of eight: the eighth day after a church festival, counting -the feast-day itself as the first: the period between a festival and its -octave: (_mus._) an eighth, or an interval of twelve semitones: the eighth -part of a pipe of wine. [Fr.,--L. _octavus_, eighth--_octo_, eight.] - -OCTAVO, ok-t[=a]'v[=o], _adj._ having eight leaves to the sheet.--_n._ a -book printed on sheets folded into eight leaves, contracted 8vo--usually -meaning a medium octavo, 6x9-1/2 inches. Smaller octavos are--post 8vo, -5-1/2x8-1/2 in.; demy 8vo, 5-1/4x8 in.; crown 8vo, 5x7-1/2 in.; cap 8vo, -4-1/2x7 in. Larger octavos are--royal 8vo, 6-1/2x10 in.; super-royal 8vo, -7x11 in.; imperial 8vo, 8-1/4x11 in.:--_pl._ OCT[=A]'VOS. - -OCTENNIAL, ok-ten'i-al, _adj._ happening every eighth year: lasting eight -years.--_adv._ OCTENN'IALLY.--_n._ OCTOCEN'TENARY, the 800th anniversary of -an event. [L. _octennis_--_octo_, eight, _annus_, a year.] - -OCTILLION, ok-til'yun, _n._ the number produced by raising a million to the -eighth power, expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers: in France and -the United States, one thousand raised to the ninth power, expressed by a -unit with twenty-seven ciphers. [L. _octo_, eight, _million_.] - -OCTOBER, ok-t[=o]'b[.e]r, _n._ the eighth month of the Roman year, which -began in March: the tenth month in our calendar. [L. _octo_, eight.] - -OCTOBRACHIATE, ok-t[=o]-br[=a]'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having eight brachia, arms, -or rays. - -OCTOCEROUS, ok-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having eight arms or rays. - -OCTODECIMO, ok-t[=o]-des'i-m[=o], _adj._ having eighteen leaves to the -sheet, contracted 18mo.--_adj._ OCTODEC'IMAL (_crystal._), having eighteen -faces. [L. _octodecim_, eighteen--_octo_, eight, _decem_, ten.] - -OCTODENTATE, ok-t[=o]-den't[=a]t, _adj._ having eight teeth. - -OCTOFID, ok't[=o]-fid, _adj._ (_bot._) cleft into eight segments. - -OCTOGENARIAN, ok-t[=o]-je-n[=a]'ri-an, _n._ and _adj._ one who is eighty -years old, or between eighty and ninety.--_adj._ OCTOG'ENARY. - -OCTOGYNOUS, ok-toj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having eight pistils or styles. -[Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _gyn[=e]_, wife.] - -OCTOHEDRON=OCTAHEDRON. - -OCTOLATERAL, ok-t[=o]-lat'e-ral, _adj._ having eight sides. - -OCTONARY, ok't[=o]-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ consisting of eight. - -OCTONOCULAR, ok-t[=o]-nok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having eight eyes. - -OCTOPEDE, ok't[=o]-p[=e]d, _n._ an eight-footed animal. - -OCTOPETALOUS, ok-t[=o]-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having eight petals. - -OCTOPOD, ok't[=o]-pod, _adj._ eight-footed or eight-armed--also -OCTOP'ODOUS.--_n._ an octopus. - -OCTOPUS, ok't[=o]-pus, _n._ a widely distributed genus of eight-armed -cuttle-fishes, covered with suckers, a devil-fish. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, -_pous_, _podos_, foot.] - -OCTORADIATE, -D, ok-t[=o]-r[=a]'di-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ having eight rays. - -OCTOROON, ok-t[=o]-r[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a quadroon and a white -person: one who has one-eighth negro blood. [L. _octo_, eight.] - -OCTOSEPALOUS, ok-t[=o]-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having eight sepals. - -OCTOSPERMOUS, ok-t[=o]-sper'mus, _adj._ having eight seeds. - -OCTOSPOROUS, ok-t[=o]-sp[=o]'rus, _adj._ eight-spored. - -OCTOSTICHOUS, ok-tos'ti-kus, _adj._ (_bot._) eight-ranked. - -OCTOSTYLE, ok't[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ an edifice or portico with eight pillars -in front. - -OCTOSYLLABIC, ok-t[=o]-sil-lab'ik, _adj._ consisting of eight -syllables.--_n._ OC'TOSYLLABLE, a word of eight syllables. - -OCTROI, ok-trw[:a]', _n._ a grant of the exclusive right of trade: a toll -or tax levied at the gates of a city on articles brought in: the place -where such taxes are paid. [Fr.,--_octroyer_, to grant--L. _auctor[=a]re_, -to authorise--_auctor_, author.] - -OCTUPLE, ok't[=u]-pl, _adj._ eightfold.--_n._ OC'T[=U]PLET (_mus._), a -group of eight notes to be played in the time of six. - -OCTYL, ok'til, _n._ a hypothetical organic radical, known only in -combination--also _Capryl_.--_n._ OC'TYL[=E]NE, a hydrocarbon obtained by -heating octylic alcohol with sulphuric acid.--_adj._ OCTYL'IC. - -OCULAR, ok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the eye: formed in, or known by, -the eye: received by actual sight.--_adv._ OC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ OC'UL[=A]TE, --D, having eyes, or spots like eyes; OCULAU'DITORY, representing an eye and -an ear together; OCULIF'EROUS, OCULIG'EROUS, bearing an eye or eyes; -OC'ULIFORM, ocular in form; OC'ULIM[=O]TOR, -Y, ocular and motory.--_n._ -OC'ULIST, one skilled in diseases of the eye. [L. _ocularius_--_oculus_, -the eye.] - -OD, [=o]d, or od, _n._ a peculiar force acting on the nervous system, -assumed by Reichenbach to exist in light, heat, electricity, living bodies, -and all material substances whatever, and to produce the phenomena of -mesmerism.--_adj._ O'DIC.--_ns._ OD'-FORCE, od; O'DISM, belief in od. [Gr. -_hodos_, a way.] - -OD, od, _n._ for God--sometimes ODD.--_interjs._ OD'S-BODIKINS, God's body; -OD'S LIFE, God's life; OD'S-PITIKINS (_Shak._), a corr. of God's pity. - -ODAL, ODALLER, same as UDAL, UDALLER. - -ODALISQUE, ODALISK, [=o]'da-lisk, _n._ a female slave in a harem. -[Fr.,--Turk. _oda_, a chamber.] - -ODD, od, _adj._ not paired with another: not even: left over after a round -number has been taken: additional to a certain amount in round numbers: not -exactly divisible by two: strange: unusual in kind or appearance: trifling: -remote: (_Shak._) at variance.--_ns._ ODD'-COME-SHORTLY, an early day, any -time; ODD'FELLOW, a member of a secret benevolent society called -Oddfellows; ODD'ITY, the state of being odd or singular: strangeness: a -singular person or thing.--_adj._ ODD'-LOOK'ING, having a singular -appearance.--_adv._ ODD'LY.--_ns._ ODD'MENT, something remaining over: one -of a broken set--often used in the plural; ODD'NESS.--_n.pl._ ODDS (odz), -inequality: difference in favour of one against another: more than an even -wager: the amount or proportion by which the bet of one exceeds that of -another: advantage: dispute: scraps, miscellaneous pieces, as in the phrase -ODDS AND ENDS (lit. 'points' and ends).--AT ODDS, at variance. [Scand., -Ice. _oddi_, a triangle, odd number--Ice. _oddr_, point; cf. A.S. _ord_, -point.] - -ODE, [=o]d, _n._ a song: a poem written to be set to music: the music -written for such a poem.--_adj._ O'DIC.--_n._ O'DIST, a writer of odes. -[Fr. _ode_--Gr. _[=o]d[=e]_, contr. from _aoid[=e]_--_aeidein_, to sing.] - -ODEUM, [=o]-d[=e]'um, _n._ in ancient Greece a theatre for musical -contests, &c., sometimes applied to a modern music-hall.--Also OD[=E]'ON. -[Gr.] - -ODIN, [=o]'din, _n._ the chief of the gods in Norse mythology. - -ODIOUS, [=o]'di-us, _adj._ hateful: offensive: repulsive: causing -hatred.--_adv._ O'DIOUSLY.--_ns._ O'DIOUSNESS; O'DIUM, hatred: -offensiveness: blame: quality of provoking hate.--ODIUM THEOLOGICUM, the -proverbial hatred of controversial divines for each other's errors--and -persons. [L.,--_odi_, to hate.] - -ODOMETER=HODOMETER (q.v.). - -ODONTOGLOSSUM, [=o]-don-t[=o]-glos'um, _n._ a genus of tropical American -orchids with showy flowers. - -ODONTOID, o-don'toid, _adj._ tooth-shaped: tooth-like.--_ns._ ODONTAL'GIA, -ODONTAL'GY, toothache.--_adj._ ODONTAL'GIC.--_n._ ODONT[=I]'ASIS, the -cutting of the teeth.--_adj._ ODON'TIC, dental.--_n._ ODON'TOBLAST, a cell -by which dentine is developed.--_adjs._ ODON'TOCETE, toothed, as a -cetacean; ODONTOGEN'IC.--_ns._ ODONTOG'ENY, the origin and development of -teeth; ODONTOG'RAPHY, description of teeth.--_adjs._ ODONTOLOG'IC, --AL.--_ns._ ODONTOL'OGIST, one skilled in odontology; ODONTOL'OGY, the -science of the teeth; ODONTOLOX'IA, irregularity of teeth; ODONT[=O]'MA, a -small tumour composed of dentine.--_adjs._ ODON'TOMOUS, pertaining to -odontoma; ODONTOPH'ORAL, ODONTOPH'ORAN.--_n._ ODON'TOPHORE, the radula, -tongue, or lingual ribbon of certain molluscs.--_adjs._ ODONTOPH'OROUS, -bearing teeth; ODONTOSTOM'ATOUS, having jaws which bite like teeth.--_ns._ -ODONTOTHERAP[=I]'A, the treatment or care of the teeth; ODON'TRYPY, the -operation of perforating a tooth to draw off purulent matter from the -cavity of the pulp. [Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.] - -ODOUR, [=o]'dur, _n._ smell: perfume: estimation: reputation.--_adj._ -ODORIF'EROUS, bearing odour or scent: diffusing fragrance: -perfumed.--_adv._ ODORIF'EROUSLY.--_n._ ODORIF'EROUSNESS, the quality of -being odoriferous.--_adj._ O'DOROUS, emitting an odour or scent: -sweet-smelling: fragrant.--_adv._ O'DOROUSLY.--_n._ O'DOROUSNESS, the -quality of exciting the sensation of smell.--_adjs._ O'DOURED, perfumed; -O'DOURLESS, without odour.--ODOUR OF SANCTITY (see SANCTITY); IN BAD ODOUR, -in bad repute. [Fr.,--L. _odor_.] - -ODYLE, [=o]'dil, _n._ Same as OD (1). - -ODYSSEY, od'is-si, _n._ a Greek epic poem, ascribed to Homer, describing -the return of the Greeks from the Trojan war, and esp. of _Odysseus_ -(Ulysses) to Ithaca after ten years' wanderings. - -OECOLOGY, [=e]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of animal and vegetable -economy.--_n._ OE'CIUM, the household common to the individuals of a -compound organism.--_adj._ OECOLOG'ICAL. - -OECONOMY, OECUMENIC, -AL, &c. See ECONOMY, ECUMENIC. - -OEDEMA, [=e]-d[=e]'ma, _n._ (_med._) the swelling occasioned by the -effusion or infiltration of serum into cellular or areolar structures, -usually the subcutaneous cellular tissue. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_, swelling.] - -OEDEMIA, [=e]-d[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a genus of _Anatidae_, the scoters, -surf-ducks, or sea-coots. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_.] - -OEILLADE, [.e]l-yad', _n._ (_Shak._) a glance or wink given with the -eye.--_ns._ OEIL-DE-BOEUF, a round or oval opening for admitting light: a -small, narrow window, or bull's-eye:--_pl._ OEILS-DE-BOEUF; -OEIL-DE-PERDRIX, a small, round figure in decorative art, a dot. [Fr. -_oeillade_--_oeil_, eye.] - -OENANTHIC, [=e]-nan'thik, _adj._ having or imparting the characteristic -odour of wine.--_ns._ OENOL'OGY, the science of wines; OE'NOMANCY, -divination from the appearance of wine poured out in libations; -OENOM[=A]'NIA, dipsomania; OENOM'ETER, a hydrometer for measuring the -alcoholic strength of wines; OENOPH'ILIST, a lover of wine. [Gr. _oinos_ -wine.] - -OENOMEL, [=e]'no-mel, _n._ wine mixed with honey: mead. [Gr. _oinos_, wine, -and _meli_, honey.] - -OENOTHERA, [=e]-n[=o]-th[=e]'ra, _n._ a genus of leafy branching plants, -with yellow or purplish flowers, called also _Evening_, or _Tree_, -_primrose_. [Gr. _oinos_, wine, and perh. _th[=e]ran_, to hunt.] - -O'ER, [=o]r, contracted from _over_. - -O'ERCOME, owr'kum, _n._ (_Scot._) the burden of a song: overplus.--_n._ -O'ER'LAY, a large cravat. - -OES, [=o]z, _n._ (_Bacon_) circlets of gold or silver. - -OESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGUS, [=e]-sof'a-gus, _n._ the gullet, a membranous canal -about nine inches in length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach, -thus forming part of the alimentary canal.--_n._ OESOPHAGAL'GIA, pain, esp. -neuralgia, in the oesophagus.--_adj._ OESOPHAGEAL (-faj'-).--_ns._ -OESOPHAGEC'TOMY, excision of a portion of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGIS'MUS, -oesophageal spasm; OESOPHAG[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the oesophagus; -OESOPHAG'OCELE, hernia of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus through its -walls; OESOPHAGODYN'IA, pain in the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOP'ATHY, disease of -the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOPL[=E]'GIA, paralysis of the oesophagus; -OESOPHAGORRH[=A]'GIA, hemorrhage from the oesophagus; OESOPH'AGOSCOPE, an -instrument for inspecting the interior of the oesophagus; -OESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, spasm of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOSTEN[=O]'SIS, a -constriction of the oesophagus. [Gr.] - -OESTRUM, [=e]s'trum, _n._ violent desire.--_adj._ OES'TRUAL, in heat, -rutting.--_v.i._ OES'TRU[=A]TE, to be in heat.--_ns._ OESTRU[=A]'TION; -OES'TRUS, a gadfly. [L.] - -OF, ov, _prep._ from or out from: belonging to: out of: among: proceeding -from, so in the Litany and Nicene Creed: owing to: with: over: concerning: -during: (_B._ and _Pr. Bk._) sometimes=by, from, on, or over.--OF PURPOSE -(_B._), intentionally. [A.S. _of_; Dut. _af_, Ger. _ab_, also L. _ab_, Gr. -_apo_.] - -OFF, of, _adv._ from: away from: on the opposite side of a -question.--_adj._ most distant: on the opposite or farther side: on the -side of a cricket-field right of the wicket-keeper and left of the bowler: -not devoted to usual business, as an OFF DAY.--_prep._ not on.--_interj._ -away! depart!--_adj._ and _adv._ OFF'-AND-ON', occasional.--_adj._ -OFF'-COL'OUR, of inferior value: indisposed.--_n._ OFF'-COME (_Scot._), an -apology, pretext: any exhibition of temper, &c.--_adv._ OFF'-HAND, at once: -without hesitating.--_adj._ without study: impromptu: free and -easy.--_adj._ OFF'ISH, reserved in manner.--_ns._ OFF'-PRINT, a reprint of -a single article from a magazine or other periodical--the French _tirage -[`a] part_, German _Abdruck_; OFF'-RECK'ONING, an allowance formerly made -to certain British officers from the money appropriated for army -clothing.--_v.t._ OFF'SADDLE, to unsaddle.--_ns._ OFF'SCOURING, matter -scoured off: refuse: anything vile or despised; OFF'-SCUM, refuse or scum; -OFF'SET (_in accounts_), a sum or value set off against another as an -equivalent: a short lateral shoot or bulb: a terrace on a hillside: -(_archit._) a horizontal ledge on the face of a wall: in surveying, a -perpendicular from the main line to an outlying point.--_v.t._ (_in -accounts_) to place against as an equivalent.--_n._ OFF'SHOOT, that which -shoots off from the main stem, stream, &c.: anything growing out of -another.--_adv._ OFF'SHORE, in a direction from the shore, as a wind: at a -distance from the shore.--_adj._ from the shore.--_ns._ OFF'SIDE, the -right-hand side in driving: the farther side; OFF'SPRING, that which -springs from another: a child, or children: issue: production of any -kind.--OFF ONE'S CHUMP, HEAD, demented; OFF ONE'S FEED, indisposed to -eat.--BE OFF, to go away quickly; COME OFF, GO OFF, SHOW OFF, TAKE OFF, &c. -(see COME, GO, SHOW, TAKE, &c.); ILL OFF, poor or unfortunate; TELL OFF, to -count: to assign, as for a special duty; WELL OFF, rich, well provided. -[Same as _Of_.] - -OFFAL, of'al, _n._ waste meat: the part of an animal which is unfit for -use: refuse: anything worthless. [_Off_ and _fall_.] - -OFFEND, of-fend', _v.t._ to displease or make angry: to do harm to: to -affront: (_B._) to cause to sin.--_v.i._ to sin: to cause anger: (_B._) to -be made to sin.--_n._ OFFENCE', any cause of anger or displeasure: an -injury: a crime: a sin: affront: assault.--_adjs._ OFFENCE'FUL (_Shak._) -giving offence or displeasure: injurious; OFFENCE'LESS (_Milt._), -unoffending: innocent.--_ns._ OFFEND'ER, one who offends or injures: a -trespasser: a criminal:--_fem._ OFFEND'RESS; OFFENSE', &c., same as -OFFENCE, &c.--_adj._ OFFENS'IVE, causing offence, displeasure, or injury: -used in attack: making the first attack.--_n._ the act of the attacking -party: the posture of one who attacks.--_adv._ OFFENS'IVELY.--_n._ -OFFENS'IVENESS.--OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE, requiring all parties to make war -together, or to defend each other if attacked.--GIVE OFFENCE, to cause -displeasure; TAKE OFFENCE, to feel displeasure, be offended. [Fr.,--L. -_ob_, against, _fend[)e]re_, to strike.] - -OFFER, of'[.e]r, _v.t._ to bring to or before: to hold out for acceptance -or rejection: to make a proposal to: to lay before: to present to the mind: -to attempt: to propose to give, as a price or service: to present in -worship.--_v.i._ to present itself: to be at hand: to declare a -willingness.--_n._ act of offering: first advance: that which is offered: -proposal made.--_adj._ OFF'ERABLE, that may be offered.--_ns._ OFF'ERER; -OFF'ERING, act of making an offer: that which is offered: a gift: (_B._) -that which is offered on an altar: a sacrifice: (_pl._) in Church of -England, certain dues payable at Easter; OFF'ERTORY, act of offering, the -thing offered: the verses or the anthem said or sung while the offerings of -the congregation are being made and the celebrant is placing the -unconsecrated elements on the altar: the money collected at a religious -service: anciently a linen or silken cloth used in various ceremonies -connected with the administration of the eucharist. [L. _offerre_--_ob_, -towards, _ferre_, to bring.] - -OFFICE, of'is, _n._ settled duty or employment: a position imposing certain -duties or giving a right to exercise an employment: business: act of -worship: order or form of a religious service, either public or private: -that which a thing is designed or fitted to do: a place where business is -carried on: (_pl._) acts of good or ill: service: the apartments of a house -in which the domestics discharge their duties.--_ns._ OFF'ICE-BEAR'ER, one -who holds office: one who has an appointed duty to perform in connection -with some company, society, &c.; OFF'ICER, one who holds an office: a -person who performs some public duty: a person entrusted with -responsibility in the army or navy.--_v.t._ to furnish with officers: to -command, as officers.--_adj._ OFFIC'IAL, pertaining to an office: depending -on the proper office or authority: done by authority.--_n._ one who holds -an office: a subordinate public officer: the deputy of a bishop, &c.--_ns._ -OFFIC'IALISM, official position: excessive devotion to official routine and -detail; OFFICIAL'ITY, OFFIC'IALTY, the charge, office, or jurisdiction of -an official: the official headquarters of an ecclesiastical or other -deliberative and governing body.--_adv._ OFFIC'IALLY.--_n._ OFFIC'IANT, one -who officiates at a religious service, one who administers a -sacrament.--_v.i._ OFFIC'I[=A]TE, to perform the duties of an office: (with -_for_) to perform official duties in place of another.--_n._ -OFFIC'I[=A]TOR.--GIVE THE OFFICE (_slang_), to suggest, supply information; -HOLY OFFICE, the Inquisition. [Fr.,--L. _officium_.] - -OFFICINAL, of-fis'i-nal, _adj._ belonging to, or used in, a shop: denoting -an approved medicine kept prepared by apothecaries. [Fr.,--L. _officina_, a -workshop--_opus_, work, _fac[)e]re_, to do.] - -OFFICIOUS, of-fish'us, _adj._ too forward in offering services: overkind: -intermeddling.--_adv._ OFFIC'IOUSLY.--_n._ OFFIC'IOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. -_officiosus_--_officium_.] - -OFFING, of'ing, _n._ the part of the sea more than half-way between the -shore and the horizon. - -OFT, oft, OFTEN, of'n, _adv._ frequently: many times.--_adj._ OFT'EN -(_B._), frequent.--_n._ OFT'ENNESS, frequency.--_advs._ OFT'TIMES, -OFT'ENTIMES, many times: frequently. [A.S. _oft_; Ger. _oft_, Goth. -_ufta_.] - -OGEE, [=o]-j[=e]', _n._ a wave-like moulding formed of a convex curve -continued or followed by a concave one. [Fr. _ogive_.] - -[Illustration] - -OGHAM, OGAM, og'am, _n._ an ancient Irish writing, in straight lines -crossing each other; one of the characters, twenty in number, of which it -is formed.--_adjs._ OGH'AMIC, OG'AMIC. - -OGIVE, [=o]'jiv, _n._ (_archit._) a pointed arch or window.--_adj._ -OG[=I]'VAL. [Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. _['a]wj_, summit.] - -OGLE, [=o]'gl, _v.t._ to look at fondly with side glances.--_v.i._ to cast -amorous glances.--_ns._ O'GLE; O'GLER; O'GLING. [Dut. _oogen_--_ooge_, the -eye.] - -OGRE, [=o]'g[.e]r, _n._ a man-eating monster or giant of fairy -tales:--_fem._ O'GRESS.--_adj._ O'GREISH. [Fr. _ogre_--Sp. _ogro_--L. -_orcus_, the lower world.] - -OGYGIAN, [=o]-jij'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the mythical Attic king -_Og[)y]ges_, prehistoric, primeval. - -OH, [=o], _interj._ denoting surprise, pain, sorrow, &c. - -OHM, [=o]m, _n._ the unit by which electrical resistance is measured, being -nearly equal to that caused by a thousand feet of copper wire one-tenth of -an inch in diameter.--OHM'S LAW (see LAW). [Georg Simon _Ohm_, a German -electrician, 1787-1854.] - -OIDIUM, [=o]-id'i-um, _n._ a genus of parasitic fungi, including the -vine-mildew, &c. [Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg.] - -OIL, oil, _n._ the juice from the fruit of the olive-tree: any greasy -liquid.--_v.t._ to smear or anoint with oil.--_ns._ OIL'BAG, a bag or cyst -in animals containing oil; OIL'CAKE, a cake made of flax seed from which -the oil has been pressed out; OIL'CLOTH, a painted floorcloth; -OIL'-COL'OUR, a colouring substance mixed with oil; OIL'ER, one who, or -that which, oils: an oil-can: (_coll._) a coat of oilskin; OIL'ERY, the -commodities of an oil-man; OIL'-GAS, illuminating gas or heating gas made -by distilling oil in closed retorts; OIL'INESS; OIL'-MAN, one who deals in -oils; OIL'-MILL, a grinding-mill for expressing oil from seeds, nuts, &c.; -OIL'NUT, the butter-nut of North America; OIL'-PAINT'ING, a picture painted -in oil-colours: the art of painting in oil-colours; OIL'-PALM, a palm whose -fruit-pulp yields palm-oil; OIL'-PRESS, a machine for expressing oils from -seeds or pulp; OIL'SKIN, cloth made waterproof by means of oil: a garment -made of oilskin; OIL'-SPRING, a spring whose water contains oily matter: a -fissure or area from which petroleum, &c. oozes; OIL'STONE, a fine-grained -kind of stone used, when wetted with oil, for sharpening tools; OIL'-WELL, -a boring made for petroleum.--_adj._ OIL'Y, consisting of, containing, or -having the qualities of oil: greasy.--STRIKE OIL (see STRIKE). [O. Fr. -_oile_ (Fr. _huile_)--L. _oleum_--Gr. _elaion_--_elaia_, the olive.] - -OINTMENT, oint'ment, _n._ anything used in anointing: (_med._) any greasy -substance applied to diseased or wounded parts: (_B._) a perfume. [O. -Fr.,--L. _unguentum_--_ung[)e]re_, to smear.] - -OKAPI, [=o]'ka-pi, _n._ a giraffe-like animal of the Semliki forests of -Central Africa. - -OKE, [=o]k, _n._ a Turkish weight of 2-3/4 lb. avoirdupois. - -OLD, [=o]ld, _adj._ advanced in years: having been long in existence: worn -out: out of date, old-fashioned: ancient, former, antique, early: (_coll._) -great, high: having the age or duration of: long practised: sober, -wise.--_n._ OLD-CLOTHES'MAN, one who buys cast-off garments.--_v.i._ -OLD'EN, to grow old, to become affected by age.--_adj._ old, -ancient.--_adj._ OLD-FASH'IONED, of a fashion like that used long ago: out -of date: clinging to old things and old styles: with manners like those of -a grown-up person (said of a child).--_n._ OLD-FASH'IONEDNESS.--_adjs._ -OLD-F[=O]'GYISH, like an old fogy; OLD-GEN'TLEMANLY, characteristic of an -old gentleman; OLD'ISH, somewhat old; OLD'-LIGHT, denoting those of the -Seceders from the Church of Scotland who continued to hold unchanged the -principle of the connection between church and state--the position -maintained by the first Seceders in 1733.--_n._ one of this body.--_ns._ -OLD-MAID'HOOD, OLD-MAID'ISM.--_adj._ OLD-MAID'ISH, like the conventional -old maid, prim.--_ns._ OLD'NESS; OLD'STER (_coll._), a man getting old: a -midshipman of four years' standing, a master's mate.--_adj._ OLD'-TIME, of -or pertaining to times long gone by: of long standing: old-fashioned.--_n._ -OLD'-TIM'ER, one who has lived in a place or kept a position for a long -time.--_adjs._ OLD-WOM'ANISH, like an old woman; OLD'-WORLD, belonging to -earlier times, antiquated, old-fashioned.--_n._ the Eastern -Hemisphere.--OLD AGE, the later part of life; OLD BACHELOR, an unmarried -man somewhat advanced in years; OLD ENGLISH (see ENGLISH): the form of -black letter used by 16th-century English printers; OLD GOLD, a dull gold -colour like tarnished gold, used in textile fabrics; OLD HARRY, NICK, ONE, -&c., the devil; OLD HUNDRED, properly OLD HUNDREDTH, a famous tune set in -England about the middle of the 16th century to Kethe's version of the -100th Psalm, marked 'Old Hundredth' in Tate and Brady's new version in -1696; OLD MAID, a woman who has not been married, and is past the usual age -of marriage: a simple game played by matching cards from a pack from which -a card (usually a queen) has been removed; OLD MAN, unregenerate human -nature: (_coll._) one's father, guardian, or employer (usually with 'the'); -OLD RED SANDSTONE (see SAND); OLD SALT, an experienced sailor; OLD SCHOOL, -of, or resembling, earlier days, old-fashioned; OLD SONG, a mere trifle, a -very small price; OLD SQUAW, a sea-duck of the northern hemisphere--also -OLD WIFE; OLD STYLE (often written with a date O.S.), the mode of reckoning -time before 1752, according to the Julian calendar or year of 365-1/4 days; -OLD TESTAMENT (see TESTAMENT); OLD TOM, a strong kind of English gin; OLD -WIFE, a prating old woman, or even a man: a chimney-cap for curing -smoking.--OF OLD, long ago, in ancient times, or belonging to such. [A.S. -_eald_; Dut. _oud_; Ger. _alt_.] - -OLEAGINOUS, [=o]-l[=e]-aj'in-us, _adj._ oily: (_bot._) fleshy and oily: -unctuous, sanctimonious, fawning.--_n._ OLEAG'INOUSNESS. [L. -_oleaginus_--_oleum_, oil.] - -OLEANDER, [=o]-l[=e]-an'd[.e]r, _n._ an evergreen shrub with lance-shaped -leathery leaves and beautiful red or white flowers, the _Rose Bay_ or _Rose -Laurel_. [Fr., a corr. of Low L. _lorandrum_. Cf. _Rhododendron_.] - -OLEASTER, [=o]-l[=e]-as't[.e]r, _n._ the wild olive. [L.,--_olea_, an -olive-tree--Gr. _elaia_.] - -OLECRANON, [=o]-l[=e]-kr[=a]'non, _n._ a process forming the upper end of -the ulna.--_adj._ OLECR[=A]'NAL. [Gr.] - -OLEIN, [=o]'l[=e]-in, _n._ a natural fat, found in the fatty oils of -animals and vegetables.--_n._ O'LE[=A]TE, a salt of oleic acid.--_adj._ -OLEF[=I]'ANT, producing oil.--_ns._ OLEF[=I]'ANT-GAS, ethylene; O'LEFINE, -any one of a group of hydrocarbons homologous with ethylene.--_adjs._ -O'LEIC; OLEIF'EROUS, producing oil, as seeds.--_ns._ OLEOMAR'GARINE, -artificial butter at first made from pure beef-fat, now from oleo-oil, -neutral lard, milk, cream, and pure butter, worked together, with a -colouring matter; OLEOM'ETER, an instrument for determining the density of -oils; O'LEON, a liquid obtained from the distillation of olein and lime; -OLEORES'IN, a native compound of an essential oil and a resin: a -preparation of a fixed or volatile oil holding resin in solution; -OLEOSAC'CHARUM, a mixture of oil and sugar.--_adjs._ O'LE[=O]SE, O'LEOUS, -oily. [L. _oleum_, oil.] - -OLENT, [=o]'lent, _adj._ smelling. [L. _ol[=e]re_, to smell.] - -OLEOGRAPH, [=o]'l[=e]-[=o]-graf, _n._ a print in oil-colours to imitate an -oil-painting.--_n._ OLEOG'RAPHY, the art of preparing such. [L. _oleum_, -oil, Gr. _graphein_, to write.] - -OLERACEOUS, ol-e-r[=a]'shus, _adj._ of the nature of a pot-herb, for -kitchen use. [L.] - -OLFACTORY, ol-fak'tor-i, _adj._ pertaining to, or used in, smelling. [L. -_olfact[=a]re_, to smell--_ol[=e]re_, to smell, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -OLIBANUM, [=o]-lib'a-num, _n._ a gum-resin flowing from incisions in -several species of _Boswellia_ in Somaliland and southern Arabia--the -_Lebonah_ of the Hebrews, _Libanos_ and _Liban[=o]tos_ of the Greeks. - -OLIGAEMIA, ol-i-j[=e]'mi-a, _n._ abnormal deficiency of blood. - -OLIGARCHY, ol'i-g[:a]rk-i, _n._ government by a small exclusive class: a -state governed by such: a small body of men who have the supreme power of a -state in their hands.--_n._ OL'IGARCH, a member of an oligarchy.--_adjs._ -OLIGARCH'AL, OLIGARCH'IC, -AL, pertaining to an oligarchy. [Fr.,--Gr., -_oligos_, few, _archein_, to rule.] - -OLIGIST, ol'i-jist, _n._ a crystallised variety of hematite. - -OLIGOCENE, ol'i-g[=o]-s[=e]n, _adj._ (_geol._) pertaining to a division of -the Tertiary series, the rocks chiefly of fresh and brackish water origin, -with intercalations of marine beds. [Gr. _oligos_, little, _kainos_, new.] - -OLIGOCHROME, ol'i-g[=o]-kr[=o]m, _adj._ and _n._ painted in few colours. -[Gr. _oligos_, few, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.] - -OLIGOCLASE, ol'i-g[=o]-kl[=a]s, _n._ a soda-lime triclinic feldspar. - -OLIO, [=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a savoury dish of different sorts of meat and -vegetables: a mixture: a medley, literary miscellany. [Sp. _olla_--L. -_olla_, a pot.] - -OLIPHANT, ol'i-fant, _n._ an ancient ivory hunting-horn: an obsolete form -of elephant. - -OLITORY, ol'i-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ and _n._ pertaining to -kitchen-vegetables:--_pl._ OL'ITORIES. [L. _olitor_, gardener.] - -OLIVE, ol'iv, _n._ a tree cultivated round the Mediterranean for its oily -fruit: its fruit: peace, of which the olive was the emblem: a colour like -the unripe olive.--_adj._ of a brownish-green colour like the -olive.--_adjs._ OLIV[=A]'CEOUS, olive-coloured: olive-green; OL'IVARY, like -olives.--_ns._ OL'IVENITE, a mineral consisting chiefly of arsenic acid and -protoxide of iron; OL'IVE-OIL, oil pressed from the fruit of the olive; -OL'IVE-YARD, a piece of ground on which olives are grown; OL'IVINE, -chrysolite.--OLIVE BRANCH, a symbol of peace: (_pl._) children (Ps. -cxxviii. 4; _Pr. Bk._). [Fr.,--L. _oliva_--Gr. _elaia_.] - -OLIVER, ol'i-v[.e]r, _n._ a forge-hammer worked by foot. - -OLIVERIAN, ol-i-v[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ an adherent of the great Protector, -_Oliver_ Cromwell (1599-1658). - -OLIVET, ol'i-vet, _n._ an imitation pearl manufactured for trade with -savages. - -OLIVETAN, ol'i-vet-an, _n._ one of an order of Benedictine monks founded in -1313, the original house at Monte _Oliveto_, near Siena. - -OLLA, ol'la, _n._ a jar or urn.--_n._ OL'LA-PODRIDA (-po-dr[=e]'da), a -Spanish mixed stew or hash of meat and vegetables: any incongruous mixture -or miscellaneous collection. [Sp.,--L. _olla_, a pot.] - -OLLAM, ol'am, _n._ a doctor or master among the ancient Irish.--Also -OLL'AMH. [Ir.] - -OLOGY, ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ a science whose name ends in -ology, hence any -science generally. - -OLPE, ol'p[=e], _n._ a small Greek even-rimmed spoutless vase or jug. [Gr.] - -OLYMPIAD, [=o]-lim'pi-ad, _n._ in ancient Greece, a period of four years, -being the interval from one celebration of the Olympic games to another, -used in reckoning time (the date of the first Olympiad is 776 -B.C.).--_adjs._ OLYM'PIAN, OLYM'PIC, pertaining to Olympia in Elis, where -the Olympic games were celebrated, or to Mount Olympus in Thessaly, the -seat of the gods.--_n._ a dweller in Olympus, one of the twelve greater -gods of Greek mythology.--_ns.pl._ OLYM'PICS, OLYM'PIC GAMES, games -celebrated every four years at Olympia, dedicated to Olympian Zeus; -OLYM'PUS, the abode of the gods, supposed to have been Mount Olympus in -Thessaly. [Gr. _olympias_, _-ados_, belonging to _Olympia_ in Elis.] - -OMADHAUN, om'a-dawn, _n._ a stupid, silly creature. [Ir.] - -OMASUM, [=o]-m[=a]'sum, _n._ a ruminant's third stomach, the psalterium or -manyplies.--_adj._ OM[=A]'SAL. - -OMBRE, om'b[.e]r, _n._ a game of cards played with a pack of forty cards, -usually by three persons. [Fr.,--Sp. _hombre_--L. _homo_, a man.] - -OMBROMETER, om-brom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a rain-gauge. - -OMEGA, [=o]'meg-a, or [=o]-m[=e]'ga, _n._ the last letter of the Greek -alphabet: (_B._) the end.--ALPHA AND OMEGA, the beginning and the end: the -chief point or purpose (Rev. i. 8). [Gr. _[=o] mega_, the great or long -_O_.] - -OMELET, OMELETTE, om'e-let, _n._ a pancake chiefly of eggs, beaten up with -flour, &c., and fried in a pan. [O. Fr. _amelette_ (Fr. _omelette_), which -through the form _alemette_ is traced to _alemelle_, the O. Fr. form of Fr. -_alumelle_, a thin plate, a corr. of _lemelle_--L. _lamella_, _lamina_, a -thin plate.] - -OMEN, [=o]'men, _n._ a sign of some future event, either good or evil: a -foreboding.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to prognosticate: to predict.--_adj._ -O'MENED, containing omens, mostly with prefixes, as ill-_omened_. [L. for -_osmen_, that which is uttered by the mouth--L. _os_; or for _ausmen_, that -heard--_aud[=i]re_, to hear.] - -OMENTUM, [=o]-men'tum, _n._ a fold of peritoneum, proceeding from one of -the abdominal viscera to another:--_pl._ OMEN'TA.--_adj._ OMEN'TAL.--GREAT -OMENTUM, the epiploon. [L.] - -OMER, [=o]'m[.e]r, _n._ a Hebrew dry measure containing about half a -gallon, 1/10 ephah. - -OMICRON, [=o]-m[=i]'kron, _n._ the short _o_ in the Greek alphabet. - -OMINOUS, om'in-us, _adj._ pertaining to, or containing, an omen: foreboding -evil: inauspicious.--_adv._ OM'INOUSLY.--_n._ OM'INOUSNESS. - -OMIT, [=o]-mit', _v.t._ to leave out: to neglect: to fail: to make no use -of:--_pr.p._ omit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ omit'ted.--_adj._ OMISS'IBLE, -that may be omitted.--_n._ OMISS'ION, act of omitting: the neglect or -failure to do something required: that which is left out.--_adj._ -OMISS'IVE, omitting or leaving out.--_n._ OMIT'TANCE, the act of omitting: -the state of being omitted: forbearance. [L. _omitt[)e]re_, -_omissum_--_ob_, away, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] - -OMLAH, om'la, _n._ a staff of native clerks or officials in India. [Ar.] - -OMNI-, om'ni, from L. _omnis_, all, a combining form, as in _adjs._ -OMNIF[=A]'RIOUS, of all varieties or kinds; OMNIF'EROUS, bearing or -producing all kinds; OMNIF'IC, all-creating; OM'NIFORM, of, or capable of, -every form.--_n._ OMNIFORM'ITY.--_v.t._ OM'NIFY (_rare_), to make -universal.--_adj._ OMNIG'ENOUS, consisting of all kinds.--_n._ OMNIPAR'ITY, -general equality.--_adjs._ OMNIP'AROUS, producing all things; -OMNIP[=A]'TIENT, enduring all things.--_ns._ OMNIP'OTENCE, OMNIP'OTENCY, -unlimited power--an attribute of God.--_adj._ OMNIP'OTENT, all-powerful, -possessing unlimited power.--_adv._ OMNIP'OTENTLY.--_n._ OMNIPRES'ENCE, -quality of being present everywhere at the same time--an attribute of -God.--_adj._ OMNIPRES'ENT, present everywhere at the same time.--_n._ -OMNISC'IENCE, knowledge of all things--an attribute of God.--_adj._ -OMNISC'IENT, all-knowing: all-seeing: infinitely wise.--_adv._ -OMNISC'IENTLY.--_adj._ OMNIV'OROUS, all-devouring: (_zool._) feeding on -both animal and vegetable food.--THE OMNIPOTENT, God. - -OMNIBUS, om'ni-bus, _adj._ including all: covering many different cases or -objects, as 'an _omnibus_ clause.'--_n._ a large four-wheeled vehicle for -passengers, chiefly between two fixed points:--_pl._ OM'NIBUSES. [Lit. 'for -all,' L. dative pl. of _omnis_, all.] - -OMNIUM, om'ni-um, _n._ a Stock Exchange term for the aggregate value of the -different stocks in which a loan is funded.--_n._ OM'NIUM-GATH'ERUM -(_coll._), a miscellaneous collection of things or persons. [L., 'of all;' -gen. pl. of _omnis_, all.] - -OMOHYOID, [=o]-m[=o]-h[=i]'oid, _adj._ pertaining to the shoulder-blade, -and to the lingual or hyoid bone--also OMOHYOI'DEAN.--_n._ OMOI'DEUM, the -pterygoid bone. [Gr. _[=o]mos_, the shoulder.] - -OMOPHAGOUS, [=o]-mof'a-gus, _adj._ eating raw flesh--also OMOPHAG'IC.--_n._ -OMOPH[=A]'GIA. [Gr. _[=o]mos_, raw, _phagein_, to eat.] - -OMOPHORION, [=o]-m[=o]-f[=o]'ri-on, _n._ an eastern ecclesiastical vestment -like the western pallium, worn over the phenolion by bishops and patriarchs -at the eucharist, &c. [Gr. _[=o]mos_, the shoulder, _pherein_, to carry.] - -OMOPLATE, [=o]'m[=o]-pl[=a]t, _n._ the shoulder-blade or scapula.--_n._ -OMOPLATOS'COPY, scapulimancy. [Gr. _[=o]moplat[=e]_.] - -OMOSTERNUM, [=o]-m[=o]-ster'num, _n._ a median ossification of the -coraco-scapular cartilages of a batrachian. [Gr. _[=o]mos_, the shoulder, -_sternon_, the chest.] - -OMPHACITE, om'fa-s[=i]t, _n._ a grass-green granular variety of pyroxene, -one of the constituents of eclogite.--_adj._ OM'PHACINE, pertaining to -unripe fruit. - -OMPHALOS, om'fal-us, _n._ the navel: a raised central point: a -boss.--_adj._ OMPHAL'IC.--_ns._ OM'PHALISM, tendency to place the capital -of a country at its geographical centre, or to increase the powers of -central at the expense of local government; OMPHAL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of -the umbilicus; OM'PHALOCELE, umbilical hernia.--_adj._ OM'PHALOID.--_ns._ -OM'PHALOMANCY, divination from the number of knots in the navel-string as -to how many children the mother will bear; OMPHALOP'AGUS, a double monster -united at the umbilicus; OMPHALOT'OMY, cutting of the umbilical cord at -birth. [Gr., the navel.] - -ON, on, _prep._, in contact with the upper part of: to and toward the -surface of: upon or acting by contact with: not off: at or near: at or -during: in addition to: toward, for: at the peril of: in consequence: -immediately after: (_B._) off.--_adv._ above, or next beyond: forward, in -succession: in continuance: not off.--_interj._ go on! proceed!--_adj._ -denoting the part of the field to the left of a right-handed batter, and to -the right of the bowler--opp. to _Off._ [A.S. _on_; Dut. _aan_, Ice. -_['a]_, Ger. _an_.] - -ON, on, _prep._ (_Scot._) without. - -ONAGER, on'[=a]-j[.e]r, _n._ the wild ass of Central Asia. [L.,--Gr. -_onagros_--_onos_, an ass, _agros_, wild.] - -ONANISM, [=o]'nan-izm, _n._ self-pollution.--_n._ O'NANIST.--_adj._ -ONANIST'IC. [See Gen. xxxviii. 9.] - -ONCE, ons, _n._ Same as OUNCE, the animal. - -ONCE, wuns, _adv._ a single time: at a former time: at any time or -circumstances.--_n._ one time.--ONCE AND AGAIN, more than once: repeatedly; -ONCE FOR ALL, once only and not again; ONCE IN A WAY, on one occasion only: -very rarely.--AT ONCE, without delay: alike: at the same time; FOR ONCE, on -one occasion only. [A.S. _['a]nes_, orig. gen. of _['a]n_, one, used as -adv.] - -ONCIDIUM, on-sid'i-um, _n._ a widely-spread American genus of orchids. [Gr. -_ogkos_, a hook.] - -ONCOLOGY, ong-kol'o-ji, _n._ the science of tumours.--_n._ ONCOT'OMY, -incision into, or excision of, a tumour. - -ONCOME, on'kum, _n._ (_prov._) a sudden fall of rain or snow: the beginning -of attack by some insidious disease.--_n._ ON'COMING, approach. - -ONCOMETER, ong-com'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for recording variations in -volume, as of the kidney, &c.--_n._ ON'COGRAPH, an apparatus for recording -such. [Gr. _ogkos_, bulk, _metron_, measure.] - -ONCOST, on'kost, _n._ all charges for labour in getting mineral, other than -the miners' wages: payment to the collier in addition to the rate per -ton.--_n.pl._ ON'COSTMEN, men who work in or about a mine at other work -than cutting coal. [_On_ and _cost_.] - -ONDINE, on'din, _n._ a water-spirit, an undine. - -ONDING, on'ding, _n._ a sudden fall of rain or snow. - -ONE, wun, _pron._ a person (indefinitely), as in 'one says:' any one: some -one.--_n._ a single person or thing: a unit. [A special use of the numeral -_one_; not conn. with Fr. _on_--L. _homo_, a man.] - -ONE, wun, _adj._ single in number, position, or kind: undivided: the same: -a certain, some, implying a name unknown or denoting insignificance or -contempt, as '_one_ Guy Fawkes, a Spaniard!'--_adjs._ ONE'-EYED, having but -one eye: limited in vision; ONE'-HAND'ED, single-handed; ONE'-HORSE, drawn -by a single horse: petty, mean, inferior; ONE'-IDEA'D, entirely possessed -by one idea.--_ns._ ONE'NESS, singleness, unity; ONER (wun'[.e]r), one -possessing some special skill, an adept (_slang_).--_pron._ ONESELF', one's -self: himself or herself.--_adj._ ONE'-SID'ED, limited to one side: -partial: (_bot._) turned to one side.--_adv._ ONE'-SID'EDLY.--_n._ -ONE'-SID'EDNESS.--ONE ANOTHER, each other; ONE BY ONE, singly: in order; -ONE DAY, on a certain day: at an indefinite time.--ALL ONE, just the same: -of no consequence; AT ONE, of one mind. [A.S. _an_; Ice. _einn_, Ger. -_ein_.] - -ONEIROMANCY, [=o]-n[=i]'r[=o]-man-si, _n._ the art of divining by -dreams.--_ns._ ONEIROCRIT'IC, ONIROCRIT'IC, one who interprets -dreams.--_adjs._ ONEIROCRIT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ ONEIRODYN'IA, nightmare; -ONEIROL'OGY, the doctrine of dreams; ONEI'ROSCOPIST, an interpreter of -dreams. [Gr. _oneiros_, a dream, _manteia_, divination.] - -ONELY, [=o]n'li, _adv._ (_Spens._) only. - -ONEROUS, on'[.e]r-us, _adj._ burdensome: oppressive.--_adj._ ON'ERARY, -fitted or intended for carrying burdens: comprising burdens.--_adv._ -ON'EROUSLY.--_n._ ON'EROUSNESS. [L. _onerosus_--_onus_.] - -ONEYER, wun'y[.e]r, _n._ (1 _Hen. IV._, II. i. 84) probably a person that -converses with great ones--hardly, as Malone explains, an accountant of the -exchequer, a banker. [No doubt formed from _one_, like law_yer_, saw_yer_, -&c. Malone over-ingeniously refers to the mark _o.ni._, an abbreviation of -the Latin form _oneretur, nisi habeat sufficientem exonerationem_ ('let him -be charged unless he have a sufficient discharge'), or explains as a -misprint for _moneyer_.] - -ONGOING, on'g[=o]-ing, _n._ a going on: course of conduct: event: (_pl._) -proceedings, behaviour. - -ONICOLO, [=o]-nik'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a variety of onyx for cameos, a -bluish-white band on the dark ground. [It.] - -ONION, un'yun, _n._ the name given to a few species of genus _Allium_, esp. -_Allium cepa_, an edible biennial bulbous root.--_adj._ ON'ION-EYED -(_Shak._), having the eyes full of tears.--_n._ ON'ION-SKIN, a very thin -variety of paper.--_adj._ ON'IONY. [Fr. _oignon_--L. _unio_, -_-onis_--_unus_, one.] - -ONLOOKER, on'l[=oo]k-[.e]r, _n._ a looker on, observer.--_adj._ ON'LOOKING. - -ONLY, [=o]n'li, _adj._ single in number or kind: this above all others: -alone.--_adv._ in one manner: for one purpose: singly: merely: barely: -entirely.--_conj._ but: except that.--_n._ ON'LINESS. [A.S. _['a]nl['i]c_ -(adj.)--_['a]n_, one, _l['i]c_, like.] - -ONOCENTAUR, on-o-sen'tawr, _n._ a kind of centaur, half-man, half-ass. - -ONOCLEA, on-[=o]-kl[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of aspidioid ferns, with contracted -fertile fronds. [Gr. _onos_, a vessel, _kleiein_, to close.] - -ONOLOGY, [=o]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ foolish talk. - -ONOMANTIC, on-[=o]-man'tik, _adj._ pertaining to ON'OMANCY or (_obs._) -ONOMAT'OMANCY, divination by names. [Gr. _onoma_, a name, _manteia_, -divination.] - -ONOMASTIC, on-[=o]-mas'tik, _adj._ pertaining to a name, esp. pertaining to -the signature to a paper written in another hand.--_n._ ONOMAS'TICON, a -list of words: a vocabulary. [Gr., from _onoma_, a name.] - -ONOMATOLOGY, on-[=o]-ma-tol'o-ji, _n._ the science of, or a treatise on, -the derivation of names.--_n._ ONOMATOL'OGIST, one versed in such. [Gr. -_onoma_, _onomatos_, name, _logia_--_legein_, to discourse.] - -ONOMATOPOEIA, on-[=o]-mat-o-p[=e]'ya, _n._ the formation of a word so as to -resemble the sound of the thing of which it is the name: such a word -itself, also the use of such a word, as 'click,' 'cuckoo'--also -ONOMATOPO[=E]'SIS, or ONOMATOPOI[=E]'SIS.--_adjs._ ONOMATOPOE'IC, -ONOMATOPOET'IC. [Gr. _onoma_, _-atos_, a name, _poiein_, to make.] - -ONSET, on'set, _n._ violent attack: assault: storming. [_On_ and _set_.] - -ONSHORE, on'sh[=o]r, _adj._ toward the land. - -ONSLAUGHT, on'slawt, _n._ an attack or onset: assault. [A.S. _on_, on, -_sleaht_, a stroke.] - -ONST, wunst, _adv._ a vulgar form of _once_. - -ONSTEAD, on'sted, _n._ (_Scot._) a farmstead, the farm buildings. [M. E. -_wone_--A.S. _wunian_, to dwell, _stead_, place.] - -ONTOGENESIS, on-t[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the history of the individual -development of an organised being as distinguished from _phylogenesis_ and -_biogenesis_--also ONTOG'ENY.--_adjs._ ONTOGENET'IC, -AL, -ONTOGEN'IC.--_adv._ ONTOGENET'ICALLY. [Gr. _onta_, things being, neut. pl. -of _[=o]n_, pr.p. of _einai_, to be, _genesis_, generation.] - -ONTOLOGY, on-tol'o-ji, _n._ the science that treats of the principles of -pure being: that part of metaphysics which treats of the nature and essence -of things.--_adjs._ ONTOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ONTOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ -ONTOL'OGIST, one versed in ontology. [Gr. _[=o]n_, _ontos_, being pr.p. of -_einai_, to be, _logia_--_legein_, to discourse.] - -ONUS, [=o]'nus, _n._ burden: responsibility.--ONUS PROBAND[=I], the burden -of proving. [L. _onus_, burden.] - -ONWARD, on'ward, _adj._ going on: advancing: advanced.--_adv._ (also -ON'WARDS) toward a point on or in front: forward. - -ONYM, on'im, _n._ (_zool._) the technical name of a species or other -group.--_adjs._ ON'YMAL, ONYMAT'IC.--_v.i._ ON'YMISE.--_n._ ON'YMY, the use -of onyms. - -ONYX, on'iks, _n._ (_min._) an agate formed of layers of chalcedony of -different colours, used for making cameos.--_ns._ ONYCH'IA, suppurative -inflammation near the finger-nail; ONYCH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the soft -parts about the nail; ONYCH'IUM, a little claw; ON'YCHOMANCY, divination by -means of the finger-nails; ONYCHON[=O]'SOS, disease of the nails.--_adj._ -ONYCHOPATH'IC, affected with such.--_n._ ONYCH[=O]'SIS, disease of the -nails. [L.,--Gr. _onyx_, _onychos_, a finger-nail.] - -OODLES, [=oo]'dlz, _n._ (_U.S._) abundance.--Also OOD'LINS. - -OOF, [=oo]f, _n._ (_slang_) money. - -O[:O]GENESIS, [=o]-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the genesis and development of the -ovum--also O[:O]G'ENY.--_adj._ O[:O]GENET'IC. - -O[:O]IDAL, [=o]-oi'dal, _adj._ egg-shaped. - -O[:O]LITE, [=o]'o-l[=i]t, _n._ (_geol._) a kind of limestone, composed of -grains like the eggs or roe of a fish.--_adjs._ O[:O]LIT'IC; -O[:O]LITIF'EROUS. [Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg, _lithos_, stone.] - -O[:O]LOGY, [=o]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the science or study of birds' eggs.--_n._ -O'[:O]GRAPH, a mechanical device for drawing the outline of a bird's -egg.--_adjs._ O[:O]LOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ O[:O]LOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ -O[:O]L'OGIST, one versed in oology; O[:O]M'ETER, an apparatus for measuring -eggs.--_adj._ O[:O]MET'RIC.--_n._ O[:O]M'ETRY, the measurement of eggs. -[Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg.] - -OOLONG, [=oo]'long, _n._ a variety of black tea, with the flavour of -green.--Also OU'LONG. - -OORIE, OURIE, [=oo]'ri, _adj._ (_Scot._) feeling cold or chill, shivering. - -OOZE, [=oo]z, _n._ soft mud: gentle flow, as of water through sand or -earth: a kind of mud in the bottom of the ocean: the liquor of a tan -vat.--_v.i._ to flow gently: to percolate, as a liquid through pores or -small openings.--_adj._ OOZ'Y, resembling ooze: slimy. [M. E. _wose_--A.S. -_wase_, mud; akin to A.S. _wos_, juice, Ice. _vas_, moisture.] - -OPACITY, [=o]-pas'i-ti, _n._ opaqueness: obscurity. - -OPACOUS, [=o]-p[=a]'kus, _adj._ Same as OPAQUE. - -OPAH, [=o]'pa, _n._ a sea-fish of the Dory family--also called _Kingfish_. - -OPAL, [=o]'pal, _n._ a precious stone of a milky hue, remarkable for its -changing colours.--_n._ OPALESC'ENCE.--_adjs._ OPALESC'ENT, reflecting a -milky or pearly light from the interior; O'PALINE, relating to, or like, -opal.--_v.t._ O'PALISE. [Fr. _opale_--L. _opalus_.] - -OPAQUE, [=o]-p[=a]k', _adj._ shady: dark: that cannot be seen through: not -transparent.--_adv._ OPAQUE'LY.--_n._ OPAQUE'NESS, quality of being opaque: -want of transparency. [Fr.,--L. _opacus_.] - -OPE, [=o]p, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_poet._) short for _open_. - -OPEIDOCOPE, [=o]-p[=i]'d[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for illustrating -sound by means of light. - -OPEN, [=o]'pn, _adj._ not shut: allowing one to pass out or in: free from -trees: not fenced: not drawn together: spread out: not frozen up: not -frosty: free to be used, &c.: public: without reserve: frank: easily -understood: generous: liberal: clear: unbalanced, as an account: attentive: -free to be discussed.--_v.t._ to make open: to remove hinderances: to bring -to view: to explain: to begin.--_v.i._ to become open: to unclose: to be -unclosed: to begin to appear: to begin.--_n._ a clear space.--_n._ -O'PENER.--_adjs._ O'PEN-EYED (_Shak._), watchful; O'PEN-HAND'ED, with an -open hand: generous: liberal.--_n._ O'PEN-HAND'EDNESS.--_adj._ -O'PEN-HEART'ED, with an open heart: frank: generous.--_ns._ -O'PEN-HEART'EDNESS, liberality: generosity: frankness: candour; O'PENING, -an open place: a breach: an aperture: beginning: first appearance: -opportunity.--_adv._ O'PENLY.--_adj._ O'PEN-MIND'ED, free from prejudice: -ready to receive and consider new ideas.--_n._ O'PEN-MIND'EDNESS.--_adj._ -O'PEN-MOUTHED, gaping: greedy: clamorous.--_ns._ O'PENNESS; O'PEN-SES'AME, -a form of words which makes barriers fly open--from the story of Ali Baba -and the Forty Thieves in the _Arabian Nights' Entertainments_; O'PEN-STEEK -(_Scot._), a kind of open-work stitching; O'PEN-WORK, any work showing -openings through it for ornament.--_adj._ open-cast, of mining work in open -air.--OPEN VERDICT (see VERDICT). [A.S. _open_--_up_, up; cf. Dut. -_open_--_op_, Ice. _opinn_--_upp_, and Ger. _offen_--_auf_.] - -OPERA, op'[.e]r-a, _n._ a musical drama: a place where operas are -performed.--_adj._ used in or for an opera, as an _opera_-glass, &c.--_ns._ -OP'ERA-CLOAK, a cloak of elegant form and material for carrying into the -auditorium of a theatre or opera-house as a protection against draughts; -OP'ERA-DANC'ER, one who dances in ballets introduced into operas; -OP'ERA-GLASS, a small glass or telescope for use at operas, theatres, &c.; -OP'ERA-HAT, a hat which can be made flat by compression and expanded again -to its full size; OP'ERA-HOUSE, a theatre where operas are represented; -OP'ERA-SING'ER.--_adjs._ OPERAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or resembling the -opera. [It.,--L. _opera_. Cf. _Operate_.] - -OPERA-BOUFFE, op'[.e]r-a-b[=oo]f, _n._ a comic opera. [Fr.,--It. -_opera-buffa_. Cf. _Buffoon_.] - -OPERATE, op'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.i._ to work: to exert strength: to produce any -effect: to exert moral power: (_med._) to take effect upon the human -system: (_surg._) to perform some unusual act upon the body with the hand -or an instrument.--_v.t._ to effect: to produce by agency.--_n._ -OPERAM'ETER, an instrument for indicating the number of movements made by a -part of a machine.--_adj._ OP'ERANT, operative.--_n._ an operator.--_n._ -OPER[=A]'TION, art or process of operating, or of being at work: that which -is done or carried out: agency: influence: method of working: action or -movements: surgical performance.--_adj._ OP'ER[=A]TIVE, having the power of -operating or acting: exerting force: producing effects: efficacious.--_n._ -a workman in a manufactory: a labourer.--_adv._ OP'ER[=A]TIVELY.--_ns._ -OP'ER[=A]TIVENESS; OP'ER[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, operates or -produces an effect: (_math._) a letter, &c., signifying an operation to be -performed. [L. _oper[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_opera_, work, closely conn. with -_opus_, _operis_, work.] - -OPERCULUM, [=o]-p[.e]r'k[=u]-lum, _n._ (_bot._) a cover or lid: (_zool._) -the plate over the entrance of a shell: the apparatus which protects the -gills of fishes:--_pl._ OPER'CULA.--_adjs._ OPER'CULAR, belonging to the -operculum; OPER'CULATE, -D, having an operculum; OPERCULIF'EROUS; -OPER'CULIFORM; OPERCULIG'ENOUS; OPERCULIG'EROUS. [L.,--_oper[=i]re_, to -cover.] - -OPERETTA, op-[.e]r-et'a, _n._ a short, light musical drama. [It., dim. of -_opera_.] - -OPEROSE, op'[.e]r-[=o]z, _adj._ laborious: tedious.--_adv._ -OP'EROSELY.--_ns._ OP'EROSENESS, OPEROS'ITY. - -OPHICLEIDE, of'i-kl[=i]d, _n._ a large bass trumpet, with a deep pitch. -[Fr.; coined from Gr. _ophis_, a serpent, _kleis_, _kleidos_, a key.] - -OPHIDIAN, o-fid'i-an, _n._ one of the true serpents, in which the ribs are -the only organs of locomotion.--_adjs._ OPHID'IAN, OPHID'IOUS, pertaining -to serpents: having the nature of a serpent.--_ns._ OPHIDI[=A]'RIUM, a -place where serpents are confined; OPHIOG'RAPHY, the description of -serpents; OPHIOL'ATER, a serpent-worshipper.--_adj._ OPHIOL'ATROUS.--_n._ -OPHIOL'ATRY, serpent-worship.--_adjs._ OPHIOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ -OPHIOL'OGIST, one versed in ophiology; OPHIOL'OGY, the study of serpents; -OPH'IOMANCY, divination by serpents.--_adjs._ OPHIOMOR'PHIC, -OPHIOMOR'PHOUS, having the form of a serpent; OPHIOPH'AGOUS, feeding on -serpents.--_n._ OPH'ITE, one of a Gnostic sect who worshipped the serpent. -[Gr. _ophidion_, dim. of _ophis_, _ophe[=o]s_, a serpent.] - -OPHIURA, of-i-[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of sand-stars.--_ns._ and _adjs._ -OPHI[=U]'RAN; OPHI[=U]'ROID. [Gr. _ophis_, serpent, _oura_, tail.] - -OPHTHALMIA, of-thal'mi-a, _n._ inflammation of the eye--also -OPHTHAL'MY.--_adj._ OPHTHAL'MIC, pertaining to the eye.--_ns._ -OPHTHAL'MIST, OPHTHALMOL'OGIST, one skilled in ophthalmology; -OPHTHALM[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the eyeball; OPHTHALMODYN'IA, pain, esp. -rheumatic pain, of the eye; OPHTHALMOG'RAPHY, a description of the -eye.--_adjs._ OPHTHALMOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ OPHTHALMOL'OGY, the science of -the eye, its structure and functions; OPHTHALMOM'ETER, an instrument for -eye-measurements; OPHTHALMOM'ETRY, the making of such; OPHTHALMOPL[=E]'GIA, -paralysis of one or more of the muscles of the eye; OPHTHAL'MOSCOPE, an -instrument for examining the interior of the eye.--_adjs._ -OPHTHALMOSCOP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ OPHTHALMOSCOP'ICALLY.--_ns._ -OPHTHAL'MOSCOPY, examination of the interior of the eye with the -ophthalmoscope; OPHTHALMOT'OMY, dissection of the eye: an incision into the -eye. [Gr.,--_ophthalmos_, eye.] - -OPIATE, [=o]'pi-[=a]t, _n._ a drug containing opium to induce sleep: that -which dulls sensation, physical or mental.--_adj._ inducing sleep.--_adj._ -O'PIATED. - -OPINE, o-p[=i]n', _v.i._ to suppose.--_adj._ OPIN'ABLE, capable of being -thought.--_ns._ OP[=I]'NANT, one who forms an opinion; OPIN'ICUS (_her._), -a half-lion, half-dragon. [Fr.,--L. _opin[=a]ri_, to think.] - -OPINION, [=o]-pin'yun, _n._ one's belief, judgment: favourable estimation: -(_Shak._) opinionativeness.--_adjs._ OPIN'IONABLE, that may be matter of -opinion; OPIN'ION[=A]TED, OPIN'IONED, firmly adhering to one's own -opinions.--_adv._ OPIN'ION[=A]TELY (_obs._).--_adj._ OPIN'ION[=A]TIVE, -unduly attached to one's own opinions: stubborn.--_adv._ -OPIN'ION[=A]TIVELY.--_ns._ OPIN'ION[=A]TIVENESS; OPIN'IONIST. [L.] - -OPISOMETER, op-i-som'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring curved -lines on a map. [Gr. _opis[=o]_, backward, _metron_, measure.] - -OPISTHOBRANCHIATE, [=o]-pis-th[=o]-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having the gills -behind the heart--_n._ OPISTHOBRANCH'ISM. - -OPISTHOCOELIAN, [=o]-pis-th[=o]-s[=e]'li-an, _adj._ hollow or concave -behind, as a vertebra.--Also OPISTHOCOE'LOUS. - -OPISTHOCOMOUS, op-is-thok'[=o]-mus, _adj._ having an occipital crest. - -OPISTHODOMOS, op-is-thod'[=o]-mos, _n._ a rear-chamber or treasury at the -back of the cella in some temples. [Gr.] - -OPISTHODONT, [=o]-pis'th[=o]-dont, _adj._ having back teeth only. - -OPISTHOGASTRIC, [=o]-pis-th[=o]-gas'trik, _adj._ behind the stomach. - -OPISTHOGNATHOUS, op-is-thog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having retreating jaws or -teeth. - -OPISTHOGRAPH, [=o]-pis'th[=o]-graf, _n._ a manuscript or a slab inscribed -on the back as well as the front.--_adj._ OPISTHOGRAPH'IC, written on both -sides.--_n._ OPISTHOG'RAPHY. - -OPIUM, [=o]'pi-um, _n._ the narcotic juice of the white poppy.--_n._ -O'PIUM-EAT'ER, one who makes a habitual use of opium. [L.,--Gr. _opion_, -dim. from _opos_, sap.] - -OPOBALSAM, op-[=o]-bal'sam, _n._ a resinous juice, balm of Gilead. - -OPODELDOC, op-[=o]-del'dok, _n._ a solution of soap in alcohol, with -camphor and essential oils, soap-liniment. [Fr., perh. from Gr. _opos_, -juice.] - -OPOPANAX, [=o]-pop'a-naks, _n._ a gum-resin used in perfumery and formerly -in medicine. [Gr., opos, juice, _panax_, a plant, _panak[=e]s_, -all-healing.] - -OPORICE, [=o]-por'i-s[=e], _n._ a medicine prepared from quinces, -pomegranates, &c. - -OPOSSUM, o-pos'um, _n._ a small American marsupial mammal, nocturnal, -mainly arboreal, with prehensile tail: an Australian marsupial. [West -Indian.] - -OPPIDAN, op'i-dan, _n._ at Eton, a student who is not a foundationer or -colleger. [L. _oppidanus_--_oppidum_, town.] - -OPPILATION, op-i-l[=a]'shun, _n._ stoppage.--_v.t._ OPP'ILATE, to crowd -together.--_adj._ OPP'IL[=A]TIVE, obstructive. [L.] - -OPPONENT, [=o]-p[=o]'nent, _adj._ opposing in action, speech, &c.: placed -in front.--_n._ one who opposes. - -OPPORTUNE, op-or-t[=u]n', _adj._ present at a proper time: timely: -convenient.--_adv._ OPPORTUNE'LY.--_ns._ OPPORTUNE'NESS; OPPORTUN'ISM, -practice of regulating principles by favourable opportunities without -regard to consistency; OPPORTUN'IST, a politician who waits for events -before declaring his opinions: a person without settled principles; -OPPORTUN'ITY, an opportune or convenient time: a good occasion or chance. -[Fr.,--L. _opportunus_--_ob_, before, _portus_, a harbour.] - -OPPOSE, o-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to place before or in the way of: to set against: -to place as an obstacle: to resist: to check: to compete with.--_v.i._ to -make objection.--_n._ OPPOSABIL'ITY.--_adjs._ OPPOS'ABLE, that may be -opposed; OPPOSE'LESS (_Shak._), not to be opposed, irresistible.--_n._ -OPPOS'ER, one who opposes.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ OPPOS'IT, to negative. -[Fr.,--L. _ob_, Fr. _poser_, to place.] - -OPPOSITE, op'[=o]-zit, _adj._ placed over against: standing in front: -situated on opposite sides: contrasted with: opposed to: of an entirely -different nature.--_n._ that which is opposed or contrary: an -opponent.--_adv._ OPP'OSITELY.--_n._ OPP'OSITENESS.--BE OPPOSITE WITH -(_Shak._), to be perverse and contradictory in dealing with. [Fr.,--L. -_oppositus_--_ob_, against, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.] - -OPPOSITION, op-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ state of being placed over against: -position over against: repugnance: contrariety: contrast: act or action of -opposing: resistance: that which opposes: obstacle: (_logic_) a difference -of quantity or quality between two propositions having the same subject and -predicate: the party that opposes the ministry or existing administration: -(_astron._) the situation of heavenly bodies when 180 degrees apart.--_n._ -OPPOSI'TIONIST, one who belongs to an opposing party, esp. that opposed to -the government. [_Opposite._] - -OPPRESS, o-pres', _v.t._ to press against or upon: to use severely: to -burden: to lie heavy upon: to constrain: to overpower: to treat unjustly: -to load with heavy burdens.--_n._ OPPRESS'ION, act of oppressing or -treating unjustly or harshly: severity: cruelty: state of being oppressed: -misery: hardship: injustice: dullness of spirits: (_Shak._) -pressure.--_adj._ OPPRESS'IVE, tending to oppress: overburdensome: treating -with severity or injustice: heavy: overpowering: difficult to bear.--_adv._ -OPPRESS'IVELY.--_ns._ OPPRESS'IVENESS; OPPRESS'OR, one who oppresses. -[Fr.,--L. _opprim[)e]re_, _oppressum_--_ob_, against, _prem[)e]re_, to -press.] - -OPPROBRIOUS, o-pr[=o]'bri-us, _adj._ expressive of opprobrium or disgrace: -reproachful: infamous: despised.--_adv._ OPPR[=O]'BRIOUSLY.--_ns._ -OPPR[=O]'BRIOUSNESS; OPPR[=O]'BRIUM, reproach expressing contempt or -disdain: disgrace: infamy. [L.,--_ob_, against, _probrum_, reproach.] - -OPPUGN, o-p[=u]n', _v.t._ to fight against, esp. by argument: to oppose: to -resist.--_n._ OPPUGN'ER. [Fr.,--L. _oppugn[=a]re_, to fight against--_ob_, -against, _pugna_, a fight.] - -OPPUGNANCY, o-pug'nan-si, _n._ (_Shak._) opposition, resistance.--_adj._ -OPPUG'NANT, opposing: hostile.--_n._ an opponent. [L. _oppugnans_, -_-antis_, _pr.p._ of _oppugn[=a]re_.] - -OPSIMATHY, op-sim'a-thi, _n._ learning obtained late in life. -[Gr.,--_opse_, late, _mathein_, to learn.] - -OPSIOMETER, op-si-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an optometer. - -OPSONIUM, op-s[=o]'ni-um, _n._ anything eaten with bread as a relish, esp. -fish.--_ns._ OPSOM[=A]'NIA, any morbid love for some special kind of food; -OPSOM[=A]'NIAC, one who manifests the foregoing. [Gr. -_ops[=o]nion_--_opson_, strictly boiled meat, any relish.] - -OPTATIVE, op'ta-tiv, or op-t[=a]'tiv, _adj._ expressing desire or -wish.--_n._ (_gram._) a mood of the verb expressing wish.--_adv._ -OP'TATIVELY. [L. _optativus_--_opt[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to wish.] - -OPTIC, -AL, op'tik, -al, _adj._ relating to sight, or to optics.--_n._ -OP'TIC (_Pope_), an organ of sight: an eye.--_adv._ OP'TICALLY.--_ns._ -OPTIC'IAN, one skilled in optics: one who makes or sells optical -instruments; OP'TICS (_sing._), the science of the nature and laws of -vision and light; OPTIM'ETER, OPTOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the -refractive powers of the eye; OPTOM'ETRY, the measurement of the visual -powers.--OPTIC AXIS, the axis of the eye--that is, a line going through the -middle of the pupil and the centre of the eye. [Fr. _optique_--Gr. -_optikos_.] - -OPTIME, op'ti-m[=e], _n._ in the university of Cambridge, one of those in -the second or third rank of honours (_senior_ and _junior optimes_ -respectively), next to the wranglers.--_n.pl._ OPTIM[=A]'TES, the Roman -aristocracy. [L. _optimus_, best.] - -OPTIMISM, op'ti-mizm, _n._ the doctrine that everything is ordered for the -best: a disposition to take a hopeful view of things--opp. to -_Pessimism_.--_v.i._ OP'TIMISE, to take the most hopeful view of -anything.--_n._ OP'TIMIST, one who holds that everything is ordered for the -best.--_adj._ OPTIMIST'IC.--_adv._ OPTIMIST'ICALLY.--_n._ OP'TIMUM -(_bot._), that point of temperature at which metabolic--i.e. vegetative and -fructificative processes are best carried on. [L. _optimus_, best.] - -OPTION, op'shun, _n._ act of choosing: power of choosing or wishing: -wish.--_adj._ OP'TIONAL, left to one's option or choice.--_adv._ -OP'TIONALLY.--_n._ OP'TIONS, a mode of speculating, chiefly in stocks and -shares, which is intended to limit the speculator's risk. It consists in -paying a sum down for the right to _put_ (make delivery) or _call_ (call -for delivery) a given amount of stock at a fixed future date, the price -also being fixed at the time the contract is entered into.--LOCAL OPTION -(see LOCAL). [L. _optio_, _optionis_--_opt[=a]re_, to choose.] - -OPTOMETER, OPTOMETRY. See OPTIC. - -OPULENT, op'[=u]-lent, _adj._ wealthy.--_n._ OP'ULENCE, means: riches: -wealth.--_adv._ OP'ULENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _op-ulentus_.] - -OPUNTIA, [=o]-pun'shi-a, _n._ a genus of cacti. - -OPUS, [=o]'pus, _n._ work, a work.--OPUS MAGNUM, the great work of one's -life; OPUS OPERANTIS (_theol._), the effect of a sacrament ascribed -chiefly, if not exclusively, to the spiritual disposition of the recipient, -the grace flowing _ex opere operantis_--the Protestant view; OPUS OPERATUM, -the due celebration of a sacrament necessarily involving the grace of the -sacrament, which flows _ex opere operato_ from the sacramental act -performed independent of the merit of him who administers it--the R.C. -view. - -OPUSCULE, [=o]-pus'k[=u]l, _n._ a little work.--Also OPUS'CLE, OPUS'CULUM. -[L. _opusculum_, dim. of _opus_, work.] - -OR, or, _adv._ ere, before. [_Ere._] - -OR, or, _conj._ marking an alternative, and sometimes opposition [short for -_other_, modern Eng. _either_].--_prep._ (_B._) before. [In this sense a -corr. of _ere_.] - -OR, or, _n._ (_her._) gold. [Fr.,--L. _aurum_, gold.] - -ORACH, ORACHE, or'ach, _n._ one of several European plants used as spinach. -[Fr. _arroche_.] - -ORACLE, or'a-kl, _n._ the answer spoken or uttered by the gods: the place -where responses were given, and the deities supposed to give them: a person -famed for wisdom: a wise decision: (_B._) the sanctuary: (_pl._) the -revelations made to the prophets: the word of God.--_adj._ ORAC'ULAR, -delivering oracles: resembling oracles: grave: venerable: not to be -disputed: ambiguous: obscure--also ORAC'ULOUS.--_ns._ ORACULAR'ITY, -ORAC'ULARNESS.--_adv._ ORAC'ULARLY. [Fr.,--L. _ora-culum_, double dim. from -_or[=a]re_, to speak--_os_, _oris_, the mouth.] - -ORAGIOUS, [=o]-r[=a]'jus, _adj._ stormy. [Fr.] - -ORAISON, or'i-zun, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as ORISON. - -ORAL, [=o]'ral, _adj._ uttered by the mouth: spoken, not written.--_adv._ -O'RALLY. [L. _os_, _oris_, the mouth.] - -ORALE, or-[=a]'le, _n._ a white silk veil, with coloured stripes, sometimes -worn by the Pope. - -ORANG, [=o]-rang', _n._ See ORANG-OUTANG. - -ORANGE, or'anj, _n._ a delightful gold-coloured fruit with a thick, rough -skin, within which are usually from eight to ten juicy divisions: the tree -on which it grows: a colour composed of red and yellow.--_adj._ pertaining -to an orange: orange-coloured.--_ns._ ORANGE[=A]DE', a drink made with -orange juice; OR'ANGE-BLOSS'OM, the white blossom of the orange-tree, worn -by brides.--_adj._ OR'ANGE-COL'OURED, having the colour of an -orange.--_ns._ OR'ANGE-LIL'Y, a garden-plant with large orange flowers; -OR'ANGE-PEEL, the rind of an orange separated from the pulp; OR'ANGERY, a -plantation of orange-trees: an orange-garden.--_adj._ OR'ANGE-TAW'NY -(_Shak._), of a colour between orange and brown.--_n._ the colour -itself.--_n._ OR'ANGE-WIFE (_Shak._), a woman who sells oranges. [Fr.,--It. -_arancio_--Pers. _naranj_, the _n_ being dropped; it was thought to come -from L. _aurum_, gold, hence Low L. _aurantium_.] - -ORANGEMAN, or'anj-man, _n._ a member of a society instituted in Ireland in -1795 to uphold Protestantism, or the cause of William of _Orange_--a secret -society since its formal suppression in 1835 after a protracted -parliamentary inquiry.--_adj._ OR'ANGE.--_n._ OR'ANGEISM. [From the -principality of _Orange_ (L. _Arausio_), near Avignon, ruled by its own -sovereigns from the 11th to the 16th century, passing by the last heiress -in 1531 to the Count of Nassau, father of William the Silent.] - -ORANG-OUTANG, [=o]-rang'-[=oo]-tang', _n._ an anthropoid ape, found only in -the forests of Sumatra and Borneo, reddish-brown, arboreal in habit.--Also -ORANG' and ORANG'-UTAN'. [Malay, 'man of the woods.'] - -ORANT, [=o]'rant, _n._ a worshipping figure in ancient Greek and early -Christian art. - -ORARIAN, [=o]-r[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the coast. [L. _ora_, the -shore.] - -ORARION, [=o]-r[=a]'ri-on, _n._ a deacon's stole in the Eastern Church. - -ORARIUM, [=o]-r[=a]'ri-um, _n._ a linen neckcloth or handkerchief: a scarf -attached to a bishop's staff. [L. _os_, _oris_, the mouth.] - -ORARIUM, [=o]-r[=a]'ri-um, _n._ a collection of private devotions. [L. -_or[=a]re_, to pray.] - -ORATION, [=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ a public speech of a formal character: an -eloquent speech.--_n._ ORATIUN'CLE, a brief speech. [Fr.,--L. -_oratio_--_or[=a]re_, to pray.] - -ORATOR, or'a-tor, _n._ a public speaker: a man of eloquence: a spokesman or -advocate:--_fem._ OR'ATRESS, OR'ATRIX.--_v.i._ OR'[=A]TE, to deliver an -oration.--_adjs._ ORAT[=O]'RIAL; ORATOR'ICAL, pertaining to oratory: -becoming an orator.--_adv._ ORATOR'ICALLY.--_n._ OR'ATORY, the art of -speaking well, or so as to please and persuade, esp. publicly: the exercise -of eloquence: an apartment or building for private worship: one of various -congregations in the R.C. Church, esp. the Fathers of the Oratory, -established by St Philip Neri (1515-95): a religious house of theirs. - -ORATORIO, or-a-t[=o]'ri-[=o], _n._ a sacred story set to music, which, as -in the opera, requires soloists, chorus, and full orchestra for its -performance, the theatrical adjuncts, however, of scenery, costumes, and -acting bring dispensed with. [It., so called because first performed in the -_Oratory_ of the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, near Rome, under the care -of St Philip Neri (1571-94).] - -ORB, orb, _adj._ (_obs._) bereft, esp. of children. [L. _orbus_.] - -ORB, orb, _n._ a circle: a sphere: a celestial body: a wheel: any rolling -body: the eye: (_archit._) a blank window or panel: the globe forming part -of regalia, the monde or mound: the space within which the astrological -influence of a planet operates.--_v.t._ to surround: to form into an -orb.--_adjs._ OR'BATE; ORBED, in the form of an orb; circular; ORBIC'ULAR, -having the form of an orb or sphere: spherical: round.--_n._ -ORBICUL[=A]'RIS, a muscle surrounding an opening.--_adv._ -ORBIC'ULARLY.--_n._ ORBIC'ULARNESS.--_adjs._ ORBIC'ULATE, -D, made in the -form of an orb.--_n._ ORBICUL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ OR'BY, orbed. [L. _orbis_, -circle.] - -ORBILIUS, or-bil'i-us, _n._ a flogging schoolmaster--from Horace's master. - -ORBIT, or'bit, _n._ the path in which one of the heavenly bodies, as a -planet, moves round another, as the sun: the hollow in the bone in which -the eyeball rests--also OR'BITA: the skin round the eye.--_adjs._ OR'BITAL, -OR'BITARY. [L. _orbita_--_orbis_, a ring.] - -ORC, ork, _n._ any whale, the grampus. [L. _orca_.] - -ORCADIAN, or-k[=a]'di-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the Orkney -Islands.--_n._ an inhabitant or a native of the Orkneys. [L. _Orcades_.] - -ORCHARD, or'chard, _n._ a garden of fruit-trees, esp. of apple-trees, also -the enclosure containing such.--_ns._ OR'CHARD-HOUSE, a glass house for -cultivating fruits without artificial heat; OR'CHARDING; OR'CHARDIST. [A.S. -_orceard_--older form _ort-geard_.] - -ORCHELLA-WEED=_Archil_ (q. v.). - -ORCHEOCELE, or-ke-o-s[=e]l', _n._ a tumour or inflammation of the -testicle.--_ns._ ORCHIAL'GIA, pain, esp. neuralgia, in a testicle; -ORCHIDEC'TOMY, ORCHOT'OMY, the excision of a testicle; ORCHIODYN'IA, pain -in a testicle; ORCH[=I]'TIS, inflammation of a testicle.--_adj._ ORCHIT'IC. -[Gr. _orchis_, a testicle, _k[=e]l[=e]_, a tumour.] - -ORCHESTRA, or'kes-tra, _n._ in the Greek theatre, the place where the -chorus danced: now the part of a theatre or concert-room in which the -musicians are placed: the performers in an orchestra.--_ns._ ORCH[=E]'SIS, -the art of dancing or rhythmical movement of the body; ORCHESOG'RAPHY, the -theory of dancing.--_adjs._ OR'CHESTRAL, ORCHES'TRIC, of or pertaining to -an orchestra: performed in an orchestra.--_v.t._ OR'CHESTR[=A]TE, to -arrange for an orchestra.--_ns._ ORCHESTR[=A]'TION, the arrangement of -music for an orchestra: instrumentation; ORCHES'TRION, a musical instrument -of the barrel-organ kind, designed to imitate an orchestra. [L.,--Gr. -_orch[=e]stra_--_orchesthai_, to dance.] - -ORCHID, or'kid, _n._ a plant with a rich, showy, often fragrant flower, -frequently found growing, in warm countries, on rocks and stems of -trees.--_adjs._ ORCHID[=A]'CEOUS, ORCHID'[=E]OUS, pertaining to the -orchids.--_ns._ ORCHIDOL'OGY, the knowledge of orchids; OR'CHIS, a genus -containing ten of the British species of orchids. [Gr. _orchis_, a -testicle.] - -ORCHIL, or'kil, _n._ the colouring matter derived from archil (q.v.). - -ORCINE, or'sin, _n._ a colouring matter obtained from orchella-weed and -other lichens. - -ORDAIN, or-d[=a]n', _v.t._ to put in order: to appoint: to dispose or -regulate: to set apart for an office: to invest with ministerial -functions.--_adj._ ORDAIN'ABLE.--_ns._ ORDAIN'ER; ORDAIN'MENT.--_adj._ -OR'DINAL, showing order or succession.--_n._ a number noting order or place -among others: a body of regulations, a book containing forms and rules for -ordination.--_n._ OR'DINANCE, that which is ordained by authority: a law: a -religious practice or right established by authority.--_adj._ OR'DINANT -(_Shak._), ordaining, decreeing.--_n._ one who ordains, as a bishop--opp. -to OR'DINAND, or one who is to be ordained.--_n._ ORDIN[=A]'TION, the act -of ordaining: admission to the Christian ministry by the laying on of hands -of a bishop or a presbytery: established order. [O. Fr. _ordener_ (Fr. -_ordonner_)--L. _ordin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ordo_.] - -ORDEAL, or'de-al, _n._ a dealing out or giving of just judgment: an ancient -form of referring a disputed question to the judgment of God, by lot, fire, -water, &c.: any severe trial or examination. [A.S. _or-d['e]l_, -_or-d['a]l_; cf. Dut. _oor-deel_, Ger. _ur-theil_.] - -ORDER, or'd[.e]r, _n._ regular arrangement, method: degree, rank, or -position: rule, regular system or government: command: a class, a society -of persons of the same profession, &c.: a religious fraternity: a dignity -conferred by a sovereign, &c., giving membership in a body, after the -medieval orders of knighthood, also the distinctive insignia thereof: -social rank generally: a number of genera having many important points in -common: a commission to supply, purchase, or sell something: (_archit._) -one of the different ways in which the column, with its various parts and -its entablature, are moulded and related to each other: due action towards -some end, esp. in old phrase 'to take order:' the sacerdotal or clerical -function: (_pl._) the several degrees or grades of the Christian -ministry.--_v.t._ to arrange: to conduct: to command.--_v.i._ to give -command.--_ns._ OR'DER-BOOK, a book for entering the orders of customers, -the special orders of a commanding officer, or, the motions to be put to -the House of Commons; OR'DERER; OR'DERING, arrangement: management: the act -or ceremony of ordaining, as priests or deacons.--_adj._ OR'DERLESS, -without order: disorderly.--_n._ OR'DERLINESS.--_adj._ OR'DERLY, in good -order: regular: well regulated: of good behaviour: quiet: being on -duty.--_adv._ regularly: methodically.--_n._ a non-commissioned officer who -carries official messages for his superior officer, formerly the first -sergeant of a company.--_adj._ OR'DINATE, in order: regular.--_n._ the -distance of a point in a curve from a straight line, measured along another -straight line at right angles to it--the distance of the point from the -other of the two lines is called the _abscissa_, and the two lines are the -_axes of co-ordinates_.--_adv._ OR'DINATELY.--ORDER-IN-COUNCIL, a sovereign -order given with advice of the Privy Council; ORDER-OF-BATTLE, the -arrangement of troops or ships at the beginning of a battle; -ORDER-OF-THE-DAY, in a legislative assembly, the business set down to be -considered on any particular day: any duty assigned for a particular -day.--CLOSE ORDER, the usual formation for soldiers in line or column, the -ranks 16 inches apart, or for vessels two cables'-length (1440 ft.) -apart--opp. to _Extended order_; FULL ORDERS, the priestly order; MINOR -ORDERS, those of acolyte, exorcist, reader, and doorkeeper; OPEN ORDER, a -formation in which ships are four cables'-length (2880 ft.) apart; SAILING -ORDERS, written instructions given to the commander of a vessel before -sailing; SEALED ORDERS, such instructions as the foregoing, not to be -opened until a certain specified time; STANDING ORDERS or RULES, -regulations for procedure adopted by a legislative assembly.--IN ORDER, and -OUT OF ORDER, in accordance with regular and established usage of -procedure, in subject or way of presenting it before a legislative -assembly, &c., or the opposite; IN ORDER TO, for the end that; TAKE ORDER -(_Shak._), to take measures. [Fr. _ordre_--L. _ordo_, _-inis_.] - -ORDINAIRE, or-din-[=a]r', _n._ wine for ordinary use--usually _vin -ordinaire_: a soldier's mess: a person of common rank. - -ORDINARY, or'di-na-ri, _adj._ according to the common order: usual: of -common rank: plain: of little merit: (_coll._) plain-looking.--_n._ a judge -of ecclesiastical or other causes who acts in his own right: something -settled or customary: actual office: a bishop or his deputy: a place where -regular meals are provided at fixed charges: the common run or mass: -(_her._) one of a class of armorial charges, called also _honourable -ordinaries_, figures of simple outline and geometrical form, conventional -in character--_chief_, _pale_, _fess_, _bend_, _bend-sinister_, _chevron_, -_cross_, _saltire_, _pile_, _pall_, _bordure_, _orle_, _tressure_, -_canton_, _flanches_.--_adv._ OR'DINARILY.--ORDINARY OF THE MASS, the -established sequence or fixed order for saying mass.--IN ORDINARY, in -regular and customary attendance. - -ORDNANCE, ord'nans, _n._ great guns: artillery: (_orig._) any arrangement, -disposition, or equipment.--ORDNANCE SURVEY, a preparation of maps and -plans of Great Britain and Ireland, or parts thereof, undertaken by -government and carried out by men selected from the Royal Engineers--so -called because in earlier days the survey was carried out under the -direction of the Master-general of the Ordnance. [_Ordinance._] - -ORDONNANCE, or'do-nans, _n._ co-ordination, esp. the proper disposition of -figures in a picture, parts of a building, &c. - -ORDURE, or'd[=u]r, _n._ dirt: dung: excrement: also _fig._ anything -unclean.--_adj._ OR'DUROUS. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _ord_, foul--L. _horridus_, -rough.] - -ORE, [=o]r, _n._ metal as it comes from the mine: metal mixed with earthy -and other substances. [A.S. _['o]r_, another form of _['a]r_, brass; Ice. -_eir_, L. _aes_, _aer-is_, bronze.] - -OREAD, [=o]'r[=e]-ad, _n._ (_myth._) a mountain nymph:--_pl._ O'READS, or -OR[=E]'ADES. [Gr. _oreias_, _oreiados_--_oros_, a mountain.] - -OREOG'RAPHY=OROGRAPHY. - -ORGAN, or'gan, _n._ an instrument or means by which anything is done: a -part of a body fitted for carrying on a natural or vital operation: a means -of communication, or of conveying information or opinions from one to -another of two parties, as an ambassador, a newspaper, &c.: a musical wind -instrument consisting of a collection of pipes made to sound by means of -compressed air from bellows, and played upon by means of keys: a system of -pipes in such an organ, having an individual keyboard, a partial organ: a -musical instrument having some mechanism resembling the pipe-organ, as the -barrel-organ, &c.--_ns._ OR'GAN-BUILD'ER, one who constructs organs; -OR'GAN-GRIND'ER, a fellow who plays a hand-organ by a crank; -OR'GAN-HARM[=O]'NIUM, a large harmonium used instead of a -pipe-organ.--_adjs._ ORGAN'IC, -AL, pertaining to an organ: organised: -instrumental.--_adv._ ORGAN'ICALLY.--_n._ ORGAN'ICALNESS.--_v.t._ -ORGAN'IFY, to add organic matter to.--_n._ ORGANISABIL'ITY.--_adj._ -ORGANIS'ABLE, that may be organised.--_n._ ORGANIS[=A]'TION, the act of -organising: the state of being organised.--_v.t._ OR'GAN[=I]SE, to supply -with organs: to form several parts into an organised whole, to -arrange.--_ns._ OR'GAN[=I]SER; OR'GANISM, organic structure, or a body -exhibiting such: a living being, animal or vegetable.--_adj._ -OR'GANISMAL.--_ns._ OR'GANIST, one who plays on an organ; OR'GAN-LOFT, the -loft where an organ stands; ORGANOG'ENY, ORGANOGEN'ESIS, history of the -development of living organs; ORGANOG'RAPHY, a description of the organs of -plants or animals; ORGANOL'OGY, the study of structure and function; -OR'GAN-PIPE, one of the sounding pipes of a pipe-organ (_flue-pipes_ and -_reed-pipes_); OR'GAN-POINT, a note sustained through a series of chords, -although only in harmony with the first and last; OR'GANRY, the music of -the organ; OR'GAN-SCREEN, an ornamental stone or wood screen, on which a -secondary organ is sometimes placed in cathedrals; ORGUINETTE', a -mechanical musical instrument, with reeds and exhaust-bellows.--ORGANIC -CHEMISTRY, the chemistry of substances of animal or vegetable origin, prior -to 1828 supposed to be capable of formation only as products of vital -processes: the chemistry of the compounds of carbon; ORGANIC DISEASE, a -disease accompanied by changes in the structures involved; ORGANIC REMAINS, -fossil remains of a plant or animal.--HYDRAULIC ORGAN, one whose bellows is -operated by a hydraulic motor. [Fr. _organe_--L. _organum_--Gr. _organon_.] - -ORGANON, or'ga-non, _n._ an instrument: a system of rules and principles -for scientific investigation: a system of thought: the logic of -Aristotle--also OR'GANUM:--_pl._ OR'GANA. [Gr., from _ergon_, a work.] - -ORGANZINE, or'gan-zin, _n._ a silk thread of several twisted together, a -fabric of the same. [Fr.] - -ORGASM, or'gasm, _n._ immoderate excitement or action.--_adj._ ORGAS'TIC. -[Gr. _orgasmos_, swelling.] - -ORGEAT, or'zhat, _n._ a confectioner's syrup made from almonds, sugar, &c. -[Fr. _orge_--L. _hordeum_, barley.] - -ORGULOUS, or'g[=u]-lus, _adj._ (_Shak._) haughty. - -ORGY, or'ji, _n._ any drunken or riotous rite or revelry, esp. by -night--(_rare_) ORGE:--_pl._ OR'GIES, riotous secret rites observed in the -worship of Bacchus.--_v.i._ ORGE, to indulge in riotous jollity.--_n._ -OR'GIAST.--_adjs._ ORGIAS'TIC, OR'GIC. [Fr.,--L. _orgia_--Gr.] - -ORICHALC, or'i-kalk, _n._ (_Spens._) a gold-coloured alloy resembling -brass.--_adj._ ORICHAL'CEOUS. [Fr., from Gr. _oreichalkos_, mountain -copper--_oros_, a mountain, _chalkos_, copper.] - -ORIEL, [=o]'ri-el, _n._ a portico or recess in the form of a window built -out from a wall, supported on brackets or corbels--distinguished from a bay -window. [O. Fr. _oriol_, a porch--Low L. _oriolum_, a highly ornamented -recess--L. _aureolus_, gilded--_aurum_, gold.] - -ORIENT, [=o]'ri-ent, _adj._ rising, as the sun: eastern: bright or pure in -colour.--_n._ the part where the sun rises: the east, or the countries of -the east: purity of lustre, as in a pearl.--_v.t._ to set so as to face the -east: to build, as a church, with its length from east to west.--_adj._ -ORIEN'TAL, eastern: pertaining to, in, or from the east.--_n._ a native of -the east.--_v.t._ ORIEN'TALISE.--_ns._ ORIEN'TALISM, an eastern word, -expression, or custom; ORIEN'TALIST, one versed in the eastern languages: -an oriental; ORIENTAL'ITY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ ORIEN'T[=A]TE.--_ns._ -ORIENT[=A]'TION, the act of turning or state of being turned toward the -east, the process of determining the east in taking bearings: the situation -of a building relative to the points of the compass: the act of making -clear one's position in some matter: the homing instinct, as in pigeons; -O'RIENT[=A]TOR, an instrument for orientating. [L. _oriens_, _-entis_, -pr.p. of _or[=i]ri_, to rise.] - -ORIFICE, or'i-fis, _n._ something made like a mouth or opening. [Fr.,--L. -_orificium_--_os_, _oris_, mouth, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -ORIFLAMME, or'i-flam, _n._ a little banner of red silk split into many -points, borne on a gilt staff--the ancient royal standard of France. -[Fr.,--Low L. _auriflamma_--L. _aurum_, gold, _flamma_, a flame.] - -ORIGAN, or'i-gan, _n._ wild marjoram.--Also ORIG'ANUM. [Fr.,--L. -_origanum_.--Gr. _origanon_--_oros_, mountain, _ganos_, brightness.] - -ORIGENIST, or'ij-en-ist, _n._ a follower of _Origen_ (_c._ 186-254 A.D.), -his allegorical method of scriptural interpretation, or his theology, esp. -his heresies--the subordination though eternal generation of the Logos, -pre-existence of all men, and universal restoration, even of the -devil.--_n._ OR'IGENISM.--_adj._ ORIGENIST'IC. - -ORIGIN, or'i-jin, _n._ the rising or first existence of anything: that from -which anything first proceeds: (_math._) the fixed starting-point: cause: -derivation.--_adjs._ ORIG'INABLE; ORIG'INAL, pertaining to the origin or -beginning: first in order or existence: in the author's own words or from -the artist's own pencil: not copied: not translated: having the power to -originate, as thought.--_n._ origin: first copy: the precise language used -by a writer: an untranslated tongue: a person of marked -individuality.--_ns._ ORIGINAL'ITY, ORIG'INALNESS, quality or state of -being original or of originating ideas.--_adv._ ORIG'INALLY.--_v.t._ -ORIG'IN[=A]TE, to give origin to: to bring into existence.--_v.i._ to have -origin: to begin.--_n._ ORIGIN[=A]'TION, act of originating or of coming -into existence: mode of production.--_adj._ ORIG'IN[=A]TIVE, having power -to originate or bring into existence.--_n._ ORIG'IN[=A]TOR. [Fr. -_origine_--L. _origo_, _originis_--_or[=i]ri_, to rise.] - -ORILLON, o-ril'lon, _n._ a semicircular projection at the shoulder of a -bastion intended to cover the guns and defenders on the flank. -[Fr.,--_oreille_, an ear--L. _auricula_, dim. of _auris_, ear.] - -ORIOLE, [=o]r'i-[=o]l, _n._ the golden thrush. [O. Fr. _oriol_--L. -_aureolus_, dim. of _aureus_, golden--_aurum_, gold.] - -ORION, [=o]-r[=i]'on, _n._ (_astron._) one of the constellations containing -seven very bright stars, three of which, in a straight line, form Orion's -belt. [_Orion_, a hunter placed among the stars at his death.] - -ORISMOLOGY, or-is-mol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of defining technical -terms.--_adjs._ ORISMOLOG'IC, -AL. [Gr. _horismos_--_horizein_, to bound.] - -ORISON, or'i-zun, _n._ a prayer. [O. Fr. _orison_ (Fr. _oraison_)--L. -_oratio_, _-[=o]nis_--_or[=a]re_, to pray.] - -ORLE, orl, _n._ (_archit._) a fillet under the ovolo of a capital--also -OR'LET: (_her._) a border within a shield at a short distance from the -edge. [O. Fr., border, from Low L. _orlum_, dim. of L. _ora_, border.] - -ORLEANIST, or'l[=e]-an-ist, _n._ one of the family of the Duke of -_Orleans_, brother of Louis XIV. of France: a supporter of the claims of -this family to the throne of France.--_adj._ favourable to the claims of -the Orleans family.--_ns._ OR'LEANISM; OR'LEANS, a wool and cotton cloth -for women's dresses. - -ORLOP, or'lop, _n._ the deck below the berth-deck in a ship where the -cables, &c., are stowed. [Dut. _overloop_, the upper deck--_overlopen_, to -run over.] - -ORMER, or'm[.e]r, _n._ an ear-shell or sea-ear. - -ORMOLU, or'mo-l[=oo], _n._ an alloy of copper, zinc, and tin: gilt or -bronzed metallic ware: gold-leaf prepared for gilding bronze, &c. [Fr. -_or_--L. _aurum_, gold, _moulu_, pa.p. of _moudre_, to grind--L. -_mol[=a]re_, to grind.] - -ORMUZD, or'muzd, _n._ the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: -the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as -opposed to _Ahriman_, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. _Ahura-Mazd[^a]h_=the -Living God or Lord (_ahu_='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root _ah_='to -be'), the Great Creator (_maz_+_d[^a]_=Sans. _mah[^a]_+_dh[^a]_), or the -Wise One.] - -ORNAMENT, or'na-ment, _n._ anything that adds grace or beauty: additional -beauty: a mark of honour: (_pl._, _Pr. Bk._) all the articles used in the -services of the church.--_v.t._ to adorn: to furnish with -ornaments.--_adj._ ORNAMENT'AL, serving to adorn or beautify.--_adv._ -ORNAMENT'ALLY.--_ns._ ORNAMENT[=A]'TION, act or art of ornamenting: -(_archit._) ornamental work; OR'NAMENTER; OR'NAMENTIST.--_adj._ ORNATE', -ornamented: decorated: highly finished, esp. applied to a style of -writing.--_adv._ ORNATE'LY.--_n._ ORNATE'NESS. [Fr. _ornement_--L. -_ornamentum_--_orn[=a]re_, to adorn.] - -ORNIS, or'nis, _n._ the birds collectively of a region, its -avifauna.--_adj._ ORNITH'IC.--_ns._ ORNITHICH'NITE (_geol._), the footmark -of a bird found impressed on sandstone, &c.; ORNITHODEL'PHIA, the lowest of -the three sub-classes of mammals, same as _Monotremata_--from the ornithic -character of the urogenital organs.--_adjs._ ORNITHODEL'PHIAN (also _n._), -ORNITHODEL'PHIC, ORNITHODEL'PHOUS; OR'NITHOID, somewhat ornithic.--_ns._ -ORNITH'OLITE (_geol._), the fossil remains of a bird: a stone occurring of -various colours and forms bearing the figures of birds.--_adj._ -ORNITHOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to ornithology.--_adv._ -ORNITHOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ ORNITHOL'OGIST, one versed in ornithology, or who -makes a special study of birds; ORNITHOL'OGY, the science and study of -birds; OR'NITHOMANCY, divination by means of birds, by observing their -flight, &c.--_adjs._ ORNITHOMAN'TIC; ORNITHOPH'ILOUS, bird-fertilised; -OR'NITHOPOD, ORNITHOP'ODOUS, having feet like a bird.--_ns._ -ORNITHORHYN'CHUS, an animal in Australia, with a body like an otter and a -snout like the bill of a duck, also called _Duck-bill_; ORNITHOS'COPY, -observation of birds or of their habits; ORNITHOT'OMY, the act of -dissecting birds. [Gr. _ornis_, _ornithos_, a bird.] - -OROGRAPHY, or-og'ra-fi, _n._ the description of mountains--also -OROL'OGY.--_n._ OROG'ENY, the origin and formation of mountains.--_adjs._ -OROGRAPH'IC, -AL; OROLOG'ICAL, of or pertaining to orology.--_ns._ -OROL'OGIST, one versed in orology; OROM'ETER, a mountain-barometer. [Gr. -_oros_, a mountain.] - -OROIDE, [=o]'r[=o]-[=i]d, _n._ an alloy of copper, tin, and other metals -used for watch-cases, cheap jewellery, &c.--Also O'R[=E]IDE. [Fr. _or_--L. -_aurum_, gold, Gr. _eidos_, form.] - -OROTUND, [=o]'r[=o]-tund, _adj._ full, clear, and musical, as speech.--_n._ -full, clear, and musical speech, as when directly from the larynx. [L. -_os_, _oris_, the mouth, _rotundus_, round.] - -ORPHAN, or'fan, _n._ a child bereft of father or mother, or of -both.--_adj._ bereft of parents.--_v.t._ to bereave of parents.--_ns._ -OR'PHANAGE, the state of being an orphan: a house for orphans; -OR'PHAN-ASY'LUM; OR'PHANHOOD, OR'PHANISM; ORPHANOT'ROPHY, the supporting of -orphans. [Gr. _orphanos_, akin to L. _orbus_, bereaved.] - -ORPHARION, or-f[=a]'ri-on, _n._ a large lute with six to nine metal -strings.--Also ORPHE[=O]'REON. - -ORPHEAN, or'f[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Orpheus_, a poet who could move -inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.--_adj._ OR'PHIC, pertaining to -Orpheus, or the mysteries connected with the cult of Bacchus.--_v.i._ -OR'PHISE.--_n._ OR'PHISM. - -ORPHREY, or'fri, _n._ gold or other rich embroidery attached to vestments, -esp. chasuble and cope. [Fr. _orfroi_--_or_--L. _aurum_, gold, Fr. -_fraise_, fringe.] - -ORPIMENT, or'pi-ment, _n._ arsenic trisulphide, giving king's yellow and -realgar (red).--_ns._ OR'PINE, OR'PIN, a deep-yellow colour: the _Sedum -Telephium_, a popular vulnerary. [Fr.,--L. _auripigmentum_--_aurum_, gold, -_pigmentum_, paint.] - -ORRA, or'a, _adj._ (_Scot._) odd: not matched: left over: doing odd pieces -of work: worthless. - -ORRERY, or'[.e]r-i, _n._ an apparatus for illustrating, by balls mounted on -rods and moved by clockwork around a centre, the size, positions, motions, -&c. of the heavenly bodies. [From Charles Boyle, fourth Earl of _Orrery_ -(1676-1731).] - -ORRIS, or'is, _n._ a species of iris in the south of Europe, the dried root -of which has the smell of violets, used in perfumery.--Also ORR'ICE. - -ORRIS, or'is, _n._ a peculiar kind of gold or silver lace: upholsterers' -galloon and gimp. [_Orphrey._] - -ORSEILLE, or-s[=a]l', _n._ a colouring matter (cf. _Archil_ and -_Litmus_).--_adj._ ORSEL'LIC. [Fr.] - -ORT, ort, _n._ a fragment, esp. one left from a meal--usually _pl._ [Low -Ger. _ort_, refuse of fodder.] - -ORTHOCEPHALY, or-th[=o]-sef'a-li, _n._ the character of a skull in which -the ratio between the vertical and transverse diameters is from 70 to -75.--_adj._ ORTHOCEPHAL'IC. - -ORTHOCERAS, or-thos'e-ras, _n._ a genus of fossil cephalopods, having the -shell straight or but slightly curved. - -ORTHOCHROMATIC, or-th[=o]-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ correct in rendering the -relation of colours, without the usual photographic modifications. [Gr. -_orthos_, right, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.] - -ORTHOCLASE, or'tho-kl[=a]z, _n._ common or potash feldspar.--_adj._ -ORTHOCLAS'TIC. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _klasis_, a fracture.] - -ORTHODOX, or'tho-doks, _adj._ sound in doctrine: believing the received or -established opinions, esp. in religion: according to the received -doctrine.--_adv._ OR'THODOXLY.--_ns._ OR'THODOXNESS; OR'THODOXY, soundness -of opinion or doctrine: belief in the commonly accepted opinions, esp. in -religion. [Through Fr. and Late L. from Gr. _orthodoxos_--_orthos_, right, -_doxa_, opinion--_dokein_, to seem.] - -ORTHODROMIC, or-th[=o]-drom'ik, _adj._ pertaining to OR'THODROMY, the art -of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course. - -ORTHOEPY, or'tho-e-pi, _n._ (_gram._) correct pronunciation of -words.--_adjs._ ORTHOEP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ORTHOEP'ICALLY.--_n._ OR'THOEPIST, -one versed in orthoepy. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _epos_, a word.] - -ORTHOGAMY, or-thog'a-mi, _n._ (_bot._) direct or immediate fertilisation. - -ORTHOGNATHOUS, or-thog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ straight-jawed--also -ORTHOGNATH'IC.--_n._ ORTHOG'NATHISM. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _gnathos_, -the jaw.] - -ORTHOGON, or'tho-gon, _n._ (_geom._) a figure with all its angles right -angles.--_adj._ ORTHOG'ONAL, rectangular.--_adv._ ORTHOG'ONALLY. [Gr. -_orthos_, right, _g[=o]nia_, angle.] - -ORTHOGRAPHER, or-thog'ra-f[.e]r, _n._ one who spells words correctly--also -ORTHOG'RAPHIST.--_adjs._ ORTHOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining or according to -orthography: spelt correctly.--_adv._ ORTHOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ ORTHOG'RAPHY -(_gram._), the art or practice of spelling words correctly. [Gr. -_orthographia_--_orthos_, right, _graphein_, to write.] - -ORTHOMETRY, or-thom'et-ri, _n._ the art of constructing verse correctly. - -ORTHOPAEDIA, or-th[=o]-p[=e]-d[=i]'a, _n._ the art or process of curing -deformities of the body, esp. in childhood--also OR'THOPAEDY, -OR'THOPEDY.--_adjs._ ORTHOPAE'DIC, -AL, ORTHOPED'IC, -AL.--_ns._ -ORTHOPAE'DICS, ORTHOPED'ICS, orthopaedic surgery; OR'THOPAEDIST, -OR'THOPEDIST, one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, -_pais_, _paidos_, a child.] - -ORTHOPHONY, or'th[=o]-f[=o]-ni, _n._ the art of correct speaking: the -proper culture of the voice. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _ph[=o]nein_, to -speak--_ph[=o]n[=e]_, voice.] - -ORTHOPNOEA, or-thop-n[=e]'a, _n._ dyspnoea.--_n._ ORTHOP'NIC, one who can -breathe in an upright posture only. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _pnein_, to -breathe.] - -ORTHOPRAXY, or'th[=o]-prak-si, _n._ correct practice or procedure. - -ORTHOPTERA, or-thop't[.e]r-a, _n._ an order of insects with wing-covers, -that overlap at the top when shut, under which are the true wings, which -fold lengthwise like a fan.--_ns._ ORTHOP'TER, ORTHOP'TERAN, an insect of -the order orthoptera; ORTHOPTEROL'OGY.--_adj._ ORTHOP'TEROUS, pertaining to -the orthoptera. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _ptera_, pl. of _pteron_, wing.] - -ORTHOSCOPIC, or-th[=o]-skop'ik, _adj._ seeing correctly: appearing normal -to the eye. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _skopein_, to see.] - -ORTHOSTYLE, or'th[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ (_archit._) an arrangement of columns -or pillars in a straight line. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _stylos_, a -column.] - -ORTHOTONIC, or-th[=o]-ton'ik, _adj._ retaining an accent in certain -positions, but not in others--also OR'THOTONE.--_n._ ORTHOTON[=E]'SIS, -accentuation of a proclitic or enclitic--opp. to _Enclisis_. [Gr. _orthos_, -straight, _tonos_, accent.] - -ORTHOTROPISM, or-thot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ vertical growth in plants.--_adjs._ -ORTHOT'ROPAL, ORTHOTROP'IC, ORTHOT'ROPOUS. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, -_trepein_, to turn.] - -ORTHOTYPOUS, or'th[=o]-t[=i]-pus, _adj._ in mineralogy, having a -perpendicular cleavage. - -ORTHROS, or'thros, _n._ one of the Greek canonical hours, corresponding to -the Western lauds. [Gr. _orthros_, dawn.] - -ORTIVE, or'tiv, _adj._ rising: eastern. - -ORTOLAN, or't[=o]-lan, _n._ a kind of bunting, common in Europe, and -considered a great table delicacy. [Fr.,--It. _ortolano_--L. _hortulanus_, -belonging to gardens--_hortulus_, dim. of _hortus_, a garden.] - -ORVIETAN, or-vi-[=e]'tan, _n._ a supposed antidote or counter-poison.--_n._ -ORVI[=E]'TO, an esteemed still white wine. - -ORYCTICS, [=o]-rik'tiks, _n._ the branch of geology relating to -fossils.--_adjs._ ORYCTOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ ORYCTOZO[:O]L'OGY, -palaeontology. [Gr. _oryctos_, fossil.] - -ORYX, or'iks, _n._ a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a pick-axe.] - -ORYZA, [=o]-r[=i]'za, _n._ a small tropical genus of true grasses, -including rice. - -OS, os, _n._ a bone. [L.] - -OSCAN, os'kan, _n._ and _adj._ one of an ancient Italic race in southern -Italy: a language closely akin to Latin, being a ruder and more primitive -form of the same central Italic tongue. - -OSCHEAL, os'k[=e]-al, _adj._ pertaining to the scrotum.--_ns._ -OSCHE[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the scrotum; OS'CHEOCELE, a scrotal hernia; -OS'CHEOPLASTY, plastic surgery of the scrotum. [Gr. _osch[=e]_, the -scrotum.] - -OSCILLATE, os'sil-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to move backwards and forwards like a -pendulum: to vary between certain limits.--_n._ OS'CILLANCY, a swinging -condition.--_adj._ OS'CILL[=A]TING.--_n._ OSCILL[=A]'TION, act of -oscillating: a swinging like a pendulum: variation within limits.--_adjs._ -OS'CILL[=A]TIVE, having a tendency to vibrate; OS'CILL[=A]TORY, swinging: -moving as a pendulum does. [L. _oscill[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -swing--_oscillum_, a swing.] - -OSCINES, os'si-n[=e]z, _n.pl._ a sub-order of birds of the order -Passeres.--_adj._ OS'CINE--also _n._ [L. _oscen_, _oscinis_, a -singing-bird.] - -OSCITANCY, os'si-tan-si, _n._ sleepiness, stupidity.--_adj._ -OS'CITANT.--_adv._ OS'CITANTLY.--_v.i._ OS'CITATE, to yawn.--_n._ -OSCIT[=A]'TION, act of yawning or gaping from sleepiness. [L. -_oscit[=a]re_, to yawn.] - -OSCULANT, os'k[=u]-lant, _adj._ kissing: adhering closely: (_biol._) -situated between two other genera, and partaking partly of the character of -each.--_v.t._ OS'CUL[=A]TE, to kiss: to touch, as two curves: to form a -connecting-link between two genera.--_adj._ of or pertaining to -kissing.--_n._ OSCUL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ OS'CUL[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to -kissing: (_geom._) having the same curvature at the point of contact.--_n._ -a tablet with a picture of the Virgin or of Christ, which was kissed by the -priest and then by the people.--_ns._ OS'CULE, a little mouth: a small -bilabiate aperture; OS'C[=U]LUM, a mouth in sponges: one of the suckers on -the head of a tapeworm. [L. _oscul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_osculum_, a little -mouth, a kiss, dim. of _os_, mouth.] - -OSIER, [=o]'zh[.e]r, _n._ the popular name for those species of willow -whose twigs are used in making baskets, &c.--_adj._ made of or like -osiers.--_adj._ O'SIERED, adorned with willows.--_n._ O'SIERY, a place -where osiers are grown. [Fr.; perh. from Gr. _oisos_.] - -OSIRIS, [=o]-s[=i]'ris, _n._ the greatest of Egyptian gods, son of Seb and -Nut, or Heaven and Earth, married to Isis, slain by Set but avenged by his -son Horus, judge of the dead in the nether-world. - -OSITE, os'[=i]t, _n._ Sombrero guano. - -OSMANLI, os-man'li, _adj._ of or belonging to Turkey.--_n._ a member of the -reigning family of Turkey: a subject of the emperor of Turkey. [_Osman_ or -_Othman_, who founded the Turkish empire in Asia, and reigned 1288-1326.] - -OSMETERIUM, os-m[=e]-t[=e]'ri-um, _n._ an organ devoted to the production -of an odour, esp. the forked process behind the head of certain -butterfly-larvae:--_pl._ OSMET[=E]'RIA. - -OSMIDROSIS, os-mi-dr[=o]'sis, _n._ the secretion of strongly smelling -perspiration.--Also _Bromidrosis_. [Gr. _osm[=e]_, smell, _hidr[=o]sis_, -sweat.] - -OSMIUM, [=o]s'mi-um, _n._ a gray-coloured metal found in platinum ore, the -oxide of which has a disagreeable smell.--_adjs._ OS'MIC, OS'MIOUS. [Gr. -_osm[=e]_, smell, orig. _od-m[=e]_--_ozein_, to smell.] - -OSMOSE, os'm[=o]s, _n._ the tendency of fluids to mix or become equally -diffused when in contact, even through an intervening membrane or porous -structure--also OSM[=O]'SIS.--_adj._ OSMOT'IC, pertaining to, or having, -the property of osmose.--_adv._ OSMOT'ICALLY. [Gr. _[=o]smos_=_[=o]sis_, -impulse--_[=o]thein_, to push.] - -OSMUNDA, os-mun'da, _n._ a genus of ferns, the chief species being OSMUNDA -REGALIS, the royal fern--also called _Bog-onion_, _King-fern_, &c. - -OSNABURG, oz'na-burg, _n._ a coarse kind of linen, originally brought from -_Osnaburg_ in Germany. - -OSPREY, os'pr[=a], _n._ the fish-hawk, a species of eagle very common on -the coast of North America. [Corr. from _ossifrage_, which see.] - -OSSEOUS, os'[=e]-us, _adj._ bony: composed of, or resembling, bone: of the -nature or structure of bone.--_ns._ OSS[=A]'RIUM, an ossuary; OSS'[=E]IN, -the organic basis of bone; OSS'ELET, a hard substance growing on the inside -of a horse's knee; OSS'ICLE, a small bone.--_adjs._ OSSIF'EROUS, producing -bone: (_geol._) containing bones; OSSIF'IC.--_n._ OSSIFIC[=A]'TION, the -process or state of being changed into a bony substance.--_v.t._ OSS'IFY, -to make into bone or into a bone-like substance.--_v.i._ to become -bone:--_pa.p._ oss'ified.--_adj._ OSSIV'OROUS, devouring or feeding on -bones.--_ns._ OS'TEOBLAST, a cell concerned in the formation of bone; -OS'TEOCLAST, an apparatus for fracturing bones; OSTEOCOL'LA, a deposited -carbonate of lime encrusted on the roots and stems of plants; -OSTEODEN'TINE, one of the varieties of dentine, resembling bone; -OSTEOGEN'ESIS, the formation or growth of bone--also OSTEOG'ENY; -OSTEOG'RAPHER; OSTEOG'RAPHY, description of bones.--_adj._ OS'TEOID, like -bone: having the appearance of bone.--_ns._ OSTEOL'EPIS, a genus of fossil -ganoid fishes peculiar to the Old Red Sandstone, so called from the bony -appearance of their scales; OSTEOL'OGER, OSTEOL'OGIST, one versed in -osteology.--_adjs._ OSTEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to osteology.--_adv._ -OSTEOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ OSTEOL'OGY, the science of the bones, that part of -anatomy which treats of the bones; OSTEOMAL[=A]'CIA, a disease in which the -earthy salts disappear from the bones, which become soft and misshapen; -OS'TEOPHYTE, an abnormal bony outgrowth.--_adjs._ OSTEOPHYT'IC; -OSTEOPLAST'IC.--_ns._ OS'TEOPLASTY, a plastic operation by which a loss of -bone is remedied; OSTEOSARC[=O]'MA, a tumour composed of intermingled bony -and sarcomatous tissue; OS'TEOTOME (_surg._), a saw-like instrument for -cutting bones; OSTEOT'OMY, the division of, or incision into, a bone; -OST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of bone. [L. _osseus_--_os_, _ossis_, bone; Gr. -_osteon_, bone.] - -OSSIANIC, os-i-an'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Ossian_ or the poems dubiously -attributed to him. - -OSSIFRAGE, os'i-fr[=a]j, _n._ the sea or bald eagle, common in the United -States: (_B._) the bearded vulture, the largest of European birds. [L. -_ossifragus_, breaking bones--_os_, _frag_, root of _frang[)e]re_, -_fractum_, to break.] - -OSSUARY, os'[=u]-ar-i, _n._ a place where the bones of the dead are -deposited: a charnel-house. [L. _ossuarium_, a charnel-house--_os_, a -bone.] - -OSTENSIBLE, os-tens'i-bl, _adj._ that may be shown: declared: put forth as -real: apparent.--_n._ OSTENSIBIL'ITY.--_adv._ OSTENS'IBLY.--_adj._ -OSTENS'IVE, showing: exhibiting.--_adv._ OSTENS'IVELY.--_ns._ OSTEN'SORY, a -monstrance; OS'TENT (_Shak._), appearance, manner: token: portent, prodigy; -OSTENT[=A]'TION, act of making a display: ambitious display: display to -draw attention or admiration: boasting.--_adj._ OSTENT[=A]'TIOUS, given to -show: fond of self-display: intended for display.--_adv._ -OSTENT[=A]'TIOUSLY.--_n._ OSTENT[=A]'TIOUSNESS. [L. _ostend[)e]re_, -_ostensum_, to show.] - -OSTIARY, os'ti-ar-i, _n._ the doorkeeper of a church. - -OSTIUM, os'ti-um, _n._ an opening: the mouth of a river.--_n._ OSTI[=O]'LE, -a small orifice.--_adjs._ OS'TIOLAR; OS'TIOL[=A]TE, furnished with an -ostiole. [L.] - -OSTLER, os'l[.e]r. Same as HOSTLER. - -OSTMEN, ost'men. _n.pl._ the Danish settlers in Ireland. - -OSTRACEA, os-tr[=a]'s[=e]'a, _n.pl._ the oyster family.--_adjs._ -OSTR[=A]'CEAN, OSTR[=A]'CEOUS.--_ns._ OS'TRACITE, a fossil oyster; -OS'TR[=E]A, the typical genus of the oyster family; OSTR[=E]ICUL'TURE, -oyster-culture; OSTR[=E]ICUL'TURIST. - -OSTRACISE, os'tra-s[=i]z, _v.t._ in ancient Greece, to banish by the vote -of the people written on an earthenware tablet: to banish from -society.--_n._ OS'TRACISM, banishment by ostracising: expulsion from -society. [Gr. _ostrakizein_--_ostrakon_, an earthenware tablet.] - -OSTRICH, os'trich, _n._ the largest of birds, found in Africa, remarkable -for its speed in running, and prized for its feathers.--_n._ OS'TRICH-FARM, -a place where ostriches are bred and reared for their feathers. [O. Fr. -_ostruche_ (Fr. _autruche_)--L. _avis-_, _struthio_, ostrich--Gr. -_strouthi[=o]n_, an ostrich, _strouthos_, a bird.] - -OSTROGOTH, os'tr[=o]-goth, _n._ an eastern Goth: one of the tribe of east -Goths who established their power in Italy in 493, and were overthrown in -555.--_adj._ OS'TROGOTHIC. - -OTACOUSTIC, ot-a-kows'tik, _adj._ assisting hearing.--_n._ an instrument to -assist hearing--also OTACOUS'TICON. [Gr. _akoustikos_--_akouein_, to -hear--_ous_, _[=o]tos_, ear.] - -OTALGIA, [=o]-tal'ji-a, _n._ earache--also OTAL'GY.--_ns._ OTOG'RAPHY, -descriptive anatomy of the ear; OTORRH[=E]'A, a purulent discharge from the -ear; O'TOSCOPE, an instrument for viewing the interior of the ear. - -OTARY, [=o]'tar-i, _n._ a genus of seals with an external ear:--_pl._ -O'TARIES.--_adj._ OT'ARINE. [Gr. _[=o]taros_, large-eared--_ous_, -_[=o]tos_, ear.] - -OTHER, u_th_'[.e]r, _adj._ and _pron._ different, not the same: additional: -second of two.--_adj._ OTH'ERGUESS=_Othergates_.--_n._ OTH'ERNESS.--_advs._ -OTH'ERWHERE, elsewhere; OTH'ERWHILE, OTH'ERWHILES, at other times: -sometimes; OTH'ERWISE, in another way or manner: by other causes: in other -respects.--_conj._ else: under other conditions.--EVERY OTHER, each -alternate; RATHER ... THAN OTHERWISE, rather than not; THE OTHER DAY, on -some day not long past, quite recently. [A.S. _other_; cf. Ger. _ander_, L. -_alter_.] - -OTHERGATES, u_th_'[.e]r-g[=a]tz, _adv._ (_obs._) in another way--also -_adj._ [_Other_, and _gate_, way, manner.] - -OTIC, [=o]'tik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the ear.--_ns._ OT[=I]'TIS, -inflammation of the internal ear; OT'OCYST, an auditory vesicle; OT'OLITH, -a calcareous concretion within the membranous labyrinth of the ear; -OTOL'OGIST, one skilled in otology; OTOL'OGY, knowledge of the ear. [Gr. -_ous_, _[=o]tos_, ear.] - -OTIOSE, o'shi-[=o]s, _adj._ unoccupied: lazy: done in a careless way, -perfunctory, futile.--_n._ OTIOS'ITY, ease, idleness. [L. -_otiosus_--_otium_, rest.] - -OTOSCOPE. See under OTALGIA. - -OTTAVA, ot-t[:a]'v[:a], _n._ an octave.--OTTAVA RIMA, an Italian form of -versification consisting of eight lines, the first six rhyming alternately, -the last two forming a couplet--used by Byron in _Don Juan_. [It.] - -OTTER, ot'[.e]r, _n._ a large kind of weasel living entirely on fish. [A.S. -_otor_, _oter_; cf. Dut. and Ger. _otter_.] - -OTTO, ot'o, OTTAR, ot'ar (better ATT'AR), _n._ a fragrant oil obtained from -certain flowers, esp. the rose. [Ar. _`itr_--_`atira_, to smell sweetly.] - -OTTOMAN, ot'o-man, _adj._ pertaining to the Turkish Empire, founded by -_Othman_ or _Osman_ about 1299.--_n._ a Turk (_Shak._ OTT'OMITE): a -cushioned seat for several persons sitting with their backs to one another: -a low, stuffed seat without a back: a variety of corded silk. [Fr.] - -OUBIT, [=oo]'bit, _n._ a hairy caterpillar. [Prob. the A.S. _wibba_, a -crawling thing.] - -OUBLIETTE, [=oo]-bli-et', _n._ a dungeon with no opening but at the top: a -secret pit in the floor of a dungeon into which a victim could be -precipitated. [Fr.,--_oublier_, to forget--L. _oblivisci_.] - -OUCH, owch, _n._ a jewel or ornament, esp. one in the form of a clasp: the -socket of a precious stone. [O. Fr. _nouche_, _nosche_, from Teut., cf. Old -High Ger. _nusca_, a clasp.] - -OUDENARDE, [=oo]'de-n[:a]rd, _n._ a kind of decorative tapestry, -representing foliage, &c., once made at _Oudenarde_ in Belgium. - -OUGHT, awt, _n._ (same as _Aught_) a vulgar corr. of _nought_.--_adv._ -(_Scot._) OUGHT'LINGS, at all, in any degree. - -OUGHT, awt, _v.i._ to be under obligation: to be proper or necessary.--_n._ -OUGHT'NESS, rightness. [A.S. _['a]hte_, pa.t. of _['a]gan_, to owe.] - -OUISTITI, wis'ti-ti, _n._ a wistit or marmoset. - -OUNCE, owns, _n._ the twelfth part of a pound troy=480 grains: 1/16 of a -pound avoirdupois=437-1/2 troy grains. [O. Fr. _unce_--L. _uncia_, the -twelfth part.] - -OUNCE, owns, _n._ a carnivorous animal of the cat kind, found in Asia, -allied to the leopard--(_obs._) ONCE. [Fr. _once_, prob. Pers. _y['u]z_, a -panther.] - -OUNDY, own'di, _adj._ wavy: scalloped: (_her._) und['e]. - -OUPHE, [=oo]f, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as OAF. - -OUR, owr, _adj._ and _pron._ pertaining or belonging to us--prov. -OURN.--_prons._ OURS, possessive of _We_; OURSELF', myself (as a king or -queen would say):--_pl._ OURSELVES (-selvz'), we, not others: us. [A.S. -_['u]re_, gen. pl. of _w['e]_, we.] - -OURANG-OUTANG. Same as ORANG-OUTANG. - -OUROLOGY, OUROSCOPY, &c. See UROLOGY under URINE. - -OUSEL. See OUZEL. - -OUST, owst, _v.t._ to eject or expel.--_n._ OUST'ER (_law_), ejection: -dispossession. [O. Fr. _oster_ (Fr. _[^o]ter_), to remove; acc. to Diez, -from L. _haur[=i]re_, _haustum_, to draw (water).] - -OUT, owt, _adv._ without, not within: gone forth: abroad: to the full -stretch or extent: in a state of discovery, development, &c.: in a state of -exhaustion, extinction, &c.: away from the mark: completely: at or to an -end: to others, as to hire _out_: freely: forcibly: at a loss: unsheltered: -uncovered.--_prep._ forth from: outside of: exterior: outlying, -remote.--_n._ one who is out, esp. of office--opp. to _In_: leave to go -out, an outing.--_v.i._ to go or come out.--_interj._ away! begone!--_n._ -OUT'-AND-OUT'ER, a thoroughgoer, a first-rate fellow.--_adjs._ -OUT'-OF-DOOR, open-air; OUT-OF-THE-WAY', uncommon: singular: secluded.--OUT -AND AWAY, by far; OUT AND OUT, thoroughly: completely--also as _adj._ -thorough, complete; OUT-AT-ELBOWS, worn-out, threadbare; OUT OF CHARACTER, -unbecoming: improper; OUT OF COURSE, out of order; OUT OF DATE, -unfashionable: not now in use; OUT OF FAVOUR, disliked; OUT OF HAND, -instantly; OUT OF JOINT, not in proper connection: disjointed; OUT OF ONE'S -MIND, mad; OUT OF POCKET, having spent more than one has received; OUT OF -PRINT, not to be had for sale, said of books, &c.; OUT OF SORTS, or TEMPER, -unhappy: cross-tempered; OUT OF THE COMMON, unusual, pre-eminent; OUT OF -THE QUESTION, that cannot be at all considered; OUT OF TIME, too soon or -too late: not keeping time in music; OUT WITH, away with: (_Scot._) outside -of: say, do, &c., at once. [A.S. _['u]te_, _['u]t_; Goth. _ut_, Ger. _aus_, -Sans. _ud_.] - -OUTASK, owt-ask', _v.t._ to ask or proclaim, as to be married, in church -for the last time. - -OUTBALANCE, owt-bal'ans, _v.t._ to exceed in weight or effect: to outweigh. - -OUTBAR, owt-b[:a]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bar out, esp. to shut out by -fortifications. - -OUTBARGAIN, owt-b[:a]r'gin, _v.t._ to get the better of in a bargain. - -OUTBID, owt-bid', _v.t._ to offer a higher price than another. - -OUTBLUSH, owt-blush', _v.t._ to exceed in rosy colour. - -OUTBLUSTER, owt-blus't[.e]r, _v.t._ to exceed in blustering: to get the -better of in this way. - -OUTBOUND, owt'bownd, _adj._ bound for a distant port. - -OUTBOUNDS, owt'bowndz, _n.pl._ (_Spens._) boundaries. - -OUTBRAG, owt-brag', _v.t._ to surpass in bragging or boasting: to surpass -in beauty or splendour. - -OUTBRAVE, owt-br[=a]v', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to excel in bravery or boldness, -to defy. - -OUTBREAK, owt'br[=a]k, _n._ a breaking out: eruption: a disturbance of the -peace.--_v.i._ OUTBREAK', to burst forth.--_ns._ OUT'BREAKER, a wave which -breaks on the shore or on rocks; OUT'BREAKING. - -OUTBREATHE, owt-br[=e]th', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to breathe out as breath or -life: to exhaust or deprive of breath.--_v.i._ to be breathed out: -(_Shak._) to expire. - -OUTBUD, owt-bud', _v.i._ (_Spens._) to sprout forth. - -OUTBUILDING, owt'bild-ing, _n._ a building separate from, but used in -connection with, a dwelling-house or a main building: an outhouse. - -OUTBURN, owt-burn', _v.t._ to exceed in burning.--_v.i._ to burn away. - -OUTBURST, owt'burst, _n._ a bursting out: an explosion. - -OUTBY, owt'b[=i], _adv._ (_Scot._) out of doors: (_min._) towards the -shaft--opp. to _Inby._--Also OUT'BYE. - -OUTCAST, owt'kast, _adj._ exiled from home or country: rejected.--_n._ a -person banished: a vagabond: an exile: (_Scot._) a quarrel: the amount of -increase in bulk of grain in malting. - -OUTCOME, owt'kum, _n._ the issue: consequence: result. - -OUTCRAFTY, owt-kraft'i, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in craft. - -OUTCROP, owt'krop, _n._ the appearance, at the surface, of a layer of rock -or a vein of metal, caused by tilting or inclination of the strata: the -part of a layer which appears at the surface of the ground.--_v.i._ to -appear at the surface. - -OUTCRY, owt'kr[=i], _n._ a loud cry of distress: a confused noise: a public -auction.--_v.t._ to cry louder than. - -OUTDARE, owt-d[=a]r', _v.t._ to surpass in daring: to defy. - -OUTDISTANCE, owt-dis'tans, _v.t._ to distance, leave far behind in any -competition. - -OUTDO, owt-d[=oo]', _v.t._ to surpass: excel. - -OUTDOOR, owt'd[=o]r, _adj._ outside the door or the house: in the open -air.--_adv._ OUT'DOORS, out of the house: abroad.--OUTDOOR RELIEF, help -given to a pauper who does not live in the workhouse. - -OUTDWELL, owt-dwel', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to dwell or stay beyond.--_n._ -OUT-DWELL'ER, one who owns land in a parish but lives outside it. - -OUT-EDGE, owt'-ej, _n._ the farthest bound. - -OUTER, owt'[.e]r, _adj._ more out or without: external--opp. to -_Inner_.--_n._ the part of a target outside the rings, a shot striking -here.--_adj._ OUT'ERMOST, most or farthest out: most distant.--OUTER BAR, -the junior barristers who plead outside the bar in court, as distinguished -from King's Counsel and others who plead within the bar. [Comp. of _out_.] - -OUTFACE, owt-f[=a]s', _v.t._ to stare down: to bear down by bravery or -impudence: to confront boldly. - -OUTFALL, owt'-fawl, _n._ the place of discharge of a river, sewer, &c.: -(_prov._) a quarrel. - -OUTFIELD, owt'f[=e]ld, _n._ (_Scot._) arable land continually cropped -without being manured--opp. to _Infield_: any open field at a distance from -the farm-steading: any undefined district or sphere: at cricket and -baseball, the players collectively who occupy the outer part of the -field.--_n._ OUT'FIELDER, one of such players. - -OUTFIT, owt'fit, _n._ the act of making ready everything required for a -journey or a voyage: complete equipment: the articles or the expenses for -fitting out: the means for an outfit.--_v.t._ to fit out, equip.--_ns._ -OUT'FITTER, one who furnishes outfits; OUT'FITTING, an outfit: equipment -for a voyage. - -OUTFLANK, owt-flangk', _v.t._ to extend the flank of one army beyond that -of another: to get the better of. - -OUTFLASH, owt-flash', _v.t._ to outshine. - -OUTFLING, owt'fling, _n._ a sharp retort or gibe. - -OUTFLOW, owt-fl[=o]', _v.i._ to flow out.--_n._ issue. - -OUTFLUSH, owt'flush, _n._ any sudden glow of heat. - -OUTFLY, owt-fl[=i]', _v.t._ to surpass in flying: to fly faster than: to -escape by swiftness of flight. - -OUTFOOT, owt-f[=oo]t', _v.i._ to outsail. - -OUTFROWN, owt-frown', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to frown down. - -OUTGARTH, owt'g[:a]rth, _n._ an outer yard or garden. - -OUTGAZE, owt-g[=a]z', _v.t._ to stare out of countenance: to gaze farther -than. - -OUTGENERAL, owt-jen'[.e]r-al, _v.t._ to outdo in generalship: to prove a -better general than. - -OUTGIVE, owt-giv', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to surpass in liberality. - -OUTGO, owt-g[=o]', _v.t._ to advance before in going: to surpass: to -overreach.--_v.i._ to go out: to come to an end.--_ns._ OUT'GO, that which -goes out: expenditure--opp. to _Income_; OUT'GOER; OUT'GOING, act or state -of going out: extreme limit: expenditure.--_adj._ departing--opp. to -_Incoming_, as a tenant. - -OUTGROW, owt-gr[=o]', _v.t._ to surpass in growth: to grow out of.--_n._ -OUT'GROWTH, that which grows out of a thing: growth to excess. - -OUTGUARD, owt'g[:a]rd, _n._ a guard at a distance or at the farthest -distance from the main body. - -OUTGUSH, owt-gush', _v.i._ to issue with force.--_n._ OUT'GUSH, a gushing -out. - -OUTHAUL, owt'hawl, _n._ a rope for hauling out the clew of a sail.--Also -OUT'HAULER. - -OUT-HEROD, owt-her'od, _v.t._ to surpass (_Herod_) in cruelty: to exceed, -esp. in anything bad. - -OUTHIRE, owt-h[=i]r', _v.t._ to hire or let out. - -OUTHOUSE, owt'hows, _n._ a small building outside a dwelling-house. - -OUTING, owt'ing, _n._ the act of going out, or the distance gone out: an -excursion or airing. - -OUTJEST, owt-jest', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overpower by jesting: to excel in -jesting. - -OUTJET, owt'jet, _n._ that which projects from anything.--_n._ OUTJUT'TING, -a projection. - -OUTLAND, owt'land, _n._ land beyond the limits of cultivation.--_adj._ -(_Tenn._) foreign.--_n._ OUT'LANDER, a foreigner, a person not -naturalised.--_adj._ OUTLAND'ISH, belonging to an out or foreign land: -foreign: not according to custom: strange: rustic: rude: vulgar.--_adv._ -OUTLAND'ISHLY.--_n._ OUTLAND'ISHNESS. - -OUTLASH, owt'lash, _n._ any sudden outburst. - -OUTLAST, owt-last', _v.t._ to last longer than. - -OUTLAW, owt'law, _n._ one deprived of the protection of the law: a robber -or bandit.--_v.t._ to place beyond the law: to deprive of the benefit of -the law: to proscribe.--_n._ OUT'LAWRY, the act of putting a man out of the -protection of the law: state of being an outlaw. [A.S. _['u]tlaga_; cf. -Ice. _['u]tl['a]gi_--_['u]t_, out, _l[:o]g_, law.] - -OUTLAY, owt'l[=a], _n._ that which is laid out: expenditure.--_v.t._ to lay -out to view. - -OUTLEAP, owt'l[=e]p, _n._ a sally, flight. - -OUTLEARN, owt-l[.e]rn', _v.t._ to learn: to excel in learning: to get -beyond the instruction of. - -OUTLET, owt'let, _n._ the place or means by which anything is let out: the -passage outward, vent. - -OUTLIER, owt'l[=i]-[.e]r, _n._ (_geol._) a portion of a stratum: anything, -as detached from the principal mass, and lying some distance from -it.--_v.t._ OUTLIE', to beat in lying.--_v.i._ to live in the open air. - -OUTLINE, owt'l[=i]n, _n._ the outer line: the lines by which any figure is -bounded: a sketch showing only the main lines: a draft: a set-line in -fishing.--_v.t._ to draw the exterior line of: to delineate or -sketch.--_adj._ OUTLIN'EAR, like an outline. - -OUTLIVE, owt-liv', _v.t._ to live longer than: to survive.--_n._ OUTLIV'ER. - -OUTLODGING, owt'loj-ing, _n._ a lodging outside a college bounds at Oxford -and Cambridge. - -OUTLOOK, owt'l[=oo]k, _n._ vigilant watch: view obtained by looking out: -prospect, or (_fig._) one's prospects: a watch-tower.--_v.t._ to face -courageously. - -OUTLUSTRE, owt-lus't[.e]r, _v.t._ to excel in brightness. - -OUTLYING, owt'l[=i]-ing, _adj._ lying out or beyond: remote: on the -exterior or frontier: detached. - -OUTMAN, owt-man', _v.t._ to outdo in manliness: to outnumber in men. - -OUTMANOEUVRE, owt-ma-n[=u]'v[.e]r, _v.t._ to surpass in manoeuvring. - -OUTMANTLE, owt-man'tl, _v.t._ to excel in dress or ornament. - -OUTMARCH, owt-m[:a]rch', _v.t._ to march faster than: to leave behind by -marching. - -OUTMATE, owt-m[=a]t', _v.t._ to outmatch. - -OUTMEASURE, owt-mezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ to exceed in extent. - -OUTMOST, owt'm[=o]st. Same as OUTERMOST. - -OUTMOVE, owt-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ to move faster than. - -OUTNAME, owt-n[=a]m', _v.t._ to surpass in name, reputation, or importance. - -OUTNESS, owt'nes, _n._ state of being out, externality to the perceiving -mind, objectiveness. - -OUTNUMBER, owt-num'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to exceed in number. - -OUTPACE, owt-p[=a]s', _v.t._ to walk faster than. - -OUT-PARAMOUR, owt-par'a-m[=oo]r, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in number of -mistresses. - -OUTPARISH, owt'par-ish, _n._ a rural parish, as distinguished from an urban -one. - -OUTPART, owt'part, _n._ a part remote from the centre. - -OUTPASSION, owt-pash'un, _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to go beyond in passionateness. - -OUTPATIENT, owt'p[=a]-shent, _n._ a patient who receives aid from a -hospital, but lives outside of it. - -OUTPEER, owt-p[=e]r', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to surpass or excel. - -OUT-PENSIONER, owt'-pen'shun-[.e]r, _n._ a non-resident pensioner. - -OUTPORT, owt'p[=o]rt, _n._ a port out of or remote from the chief port: a -place of export. - -OUTPOST, owt'p[=o]st, _n._ a post or station beyond the main body of an -army: the troops placed there. - -OUTPOUR, owt-p[=o]r', _v.t._ to pour out: to send out in a stream.--_ns._ -OUTPOUR'; OUTPOUR'ER; OUT'POURING, a pouring out: an abundant supply. - -OUTPOWER, owt-pow'[.e]r, _v.t._ to surpass in power. - -OUTPRAY, owt-pr[=a]', _v.t._ to exceed in earnestness of prayer. - -OUTPRIZE, owt-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in the value set upon -it. - -OUTPUT, owt'p[=oo]t, _n._ the quantity of metal made by a smelting furnace, -or of coal taken from a pit, within a certain time, production generally. - -OUTQUARTERS, owt-kw[:a]r't[.e]rz, _n.pl._ quarters situated away from -headquarters. - -OUTQUENCH, owt-kwensh', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to extinguish. - -OUTRAGE, owt'r[=a]j, _n._ violence beyond measure: excessive abuse: wanton -mischief.--_v.t._ to treat with excessive abuse: to injure by violence, -esp. to violate, to ravish.--_v.i._ to be guilty of outrage.--_adj._ -OUTR[=A]'GEOUS, violent: furious: turbulent: atrocious: enormous, -immoderate.--_adv._ OUTR[=A]'GEOUSLY.--_n._ OUTR[=A]'GEOUSNESS. [O. Fr. -_oultrage_ (mod. _outrage_)--Low L. _ultragium_--L. _ultra_, beyond.] - -OUTRANCE, owt'rans, _n._ the utmost extremity: the bitter end.--[`A] -OUTRANCE, to the bitter end of a combat--usually in Eng. use, [`A] -L'OUTRANCE. [Fr.] - -OUTR['E], [=oo]t-r[=a]', _adj._ beyond what is customary or proper: -extravagant: overstrained. [Fr. pa.p. of _outrer_--_outre_--L. _ultra_, -beyond.] - -OUTREACH, owt-r[=e]ch', _v.t._ to reach or extend beyond: to cheat or -overreach. - -OUTREDDEN, owt-red'n, _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to grow redder than. - -OUTREIGN, owt-r[=a]n', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to reign longer than: to reign -through the whole of (a period). - -OUTREMER, [=oo]tr-m[=a]r', _n._ the region beyond sea. [Fr.] - -OUTRIDE, owt-r[=i]d', _v.t._ to ride beyond: to ride faster than.--_n._ -OUT'RIDER, one who rides abroad: a servant on horseback who attends a -carriage. - -OUTRIGGER, owt'rig-[.e]r, _n._ a projecting spar for extending sails or any -part of the rigging: a projecting contrivance ending in a float fixed to -the side of a canoe against capsizing: an iron bracket fixed to the outside -of a boat carrying a rowlock at its extremity to increase the leverage of -the oar: a light racing-boat with projecting rowlocks. - -OUTRIGHT, owt'r[=i]t, _adv._ immediately: at once: completely.--_adj._ free -from reserve: positive, undisguised. - -OUTRIVAL, owt-r[=i]'val, _v.t._ to surpass, excel. - -OUTROAD, owt'r[=o]d, _n._ (_obs._) a foray into an enemy's country, a -hostile attack--opp. to _Inroad_. - -OUTROAR, owt-r[=o]r', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in roaring.--_n._ -OUT'ROAR, an uproar. - -OUTROOT, owt-r[=oo]t', _v.t._ to root out. - -OUTROPER, owt-r[=o]'p[.e]r, _n._ formerly an officer in London who seized -the goods of foreigners sold elsewhere than in the public market. - -OUTRUN, owt-run', _v.t._ to go beyond in running: to exceed: to get the -better of or to escape by running.--_n._ OUT'RUNNER. - -OUTRUSH, owt-rush', _v.i._ to rush out:--_n._ a rushing out. - -OUTSAIL, owt-s[=a]l', _v.t._ to leave behind in sailing. - -OUTSCOLD, owt-sk[=o]ld', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in scolding. - -OUTSCORN, owt-skorn', _v.t._ to bear down or confront by contempt: to -disregard or despise. - -OUTSCOURING, owt'skowr-ing, _n._ substance washed or scoured out. - -OUTSELL, owt-sel', _v.t._ to sell for a higher price than: to exceed in the -number or amount of sales. - -OUT-SENTRY, owt'-sen-tri, _n._ a sentry who guards the entrance to a place -at a distance.--_n._ OUT'SCOUT, an advance scout. - -OUTSET, owt'set, _n._ a setting out: beginning.--Also OUT'SETTING. - -OUTSETTLEMENT, owt'set'l-ment, _n._ a settlement away from the main one. - -OUTSHINE, owt-sh[=i]n', _v.i._ to shine out or forth.--_v.t._ to excel in -shining: to be brighter than. - -OUTSHOT, owt'shot, _n._ (_Scot._) a projection in a building: (_pl._) in -paper-making, rags of second quality. - -OUTSIDE, owt's[=i]d, _n._ the outer side: the farthest limit: the surface: -the exterior: one who is without, as a passenger on a coach, &c.: the outer -or soiled sheets of a package of paper.--_adj._ on the outside: exterior: -superficial: external: extreme, beyond the limit.--_adv._ on the outside: -not within.--_prep._ beyond.--_ns._ OUT'SIDE-CAR, an Irish jaunting-car; -OUT'SIDER, one not admitted to a particular company, profession, &c., a -stranger, a layman: a racehorse not included among the favourites in the -betting: (_pl._) a pair of nippers for turning a key in a keyhole from the -outside.--OUTSIDE COUNTRY, districts beyond the line of settlements in -Australia; OUTSIDE OF, outside: (_coll._) besides.--GET OUTSIDE OF -(_vulgar_), to comprehend: to eat or drink. - -OUTSIGHT, owt's[=i]t, _n._ power of seeing things, outlook.--OUTSIGHT -PLENISHING (_Scot._), outdoor movables. - -OUTSIT, owt-sit', _v.t._ to sit beyond the time of. - -OUTSKIRT, owt'sk[.e]rt, _n._ the outer skirt: border: suburb--often used in -_pl._ - -OUTSLEEP, owt-sl[=e]p' _v.t._ (_Shak._) to sleep longer than. - -OUTSLIDE, owt-sl[=i]d', _v.t._ to slide forward. - -OUTSOAR, owt-s[=o]r', _v.t._ to soar beyond. - -OUTSOLE, owt's[=o]l, _n._ the outer sole of a boot or shoe which rests on -the ground. - -OUTSPAN, owt-span', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to unyoke or unharness draught-oxen, -&c., from a vehicle, to encamp--opp. to _Inspan_. - -OUTSPEAK, owt-sp[=e]k', _v.t._ to say aloud: to speak more, louder, or -longer than.--_v.i._ to speak boldly, to speak up.--_adj._ OUTSP[=O]'KEN, -frank or bold of speech: uttered with boldness.--_n._ OUTSP[=O]'KENNESS. - -OUTSPECKLE, owt'spek'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a laughing-stock. - -OUTSPENT, owt-spent', _adj._ thoroughly tired out. - -OUTSPORT, owt-sport', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to outdo in sporting. - -OUTSPREAD, owt-spred', _v.t._ to spread out or over.--_adj._ OUTSPREAD'ING. - -OUTSPRING, owt'spring, _n._ the outcome, result, or issue. - -OUTSTAND, owt-stand', _v.t._ to resist or withstand: to stand beyond the -proper time.--_v.i._ to stand out or project from a mass: to remain unpaid -or unsettled in any way.--_adj._ OUTSTAND'ING, prominent: uncollected: -remaining unpaid. - -OUTSTARE, owt'st[=a]r, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to stare down or abash with -effrontery. - -OUTSTAY, owt-st[=a]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to stay beyond. - -OUTSTEP, owt-step', _v.t._ to step beyond, overstep. - -OUTSTRETCH, owt-strech', _v.t._ to spread out, extend. - -OUTSTRIKE, owt-str[=i]k', _v.t._ to exceed in striking, so as to overpower. - -OUTSTRIP, owt-strip', _v.t._ to outrun: to leave behind: to escape beyond -one's reach. - -OUTSUM, owt-sum', _v.t._ to outnumber. - -OUTSWEAR, owt-sw[=a]r', _v.t._ to exceed in swearing. - -OUTSWEETEN, owt-sw[=e]t'n, _v.t._ to excel in sweetness. - -OUTSWELL, owt-swel', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overflow. - -OUTTALK, owt-tawk', _v.t._ to talk down. - -OUTTONGUE, owt-tung', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to bear down by talk or noise. - -OUTTOP, owt-top', _v.t._ to reach higher than: to excel. - -OUT-TRAVEL, owt-trav'el, _v.t._ to surpass in travelling, to go more -swiftly than. - -OUTVALUE, owt-val'[=u], _v.t._ to exceed in value. - -OUTVENOM, owt-ven'um, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in poison. - -OUTVIE, owt-v[=i]', _v.t._ to go beyond in vying with: to exceed: to -surpass. - -OUTVILLAIN, owt-vil'[=a]n, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in villainy. - -OUTVOICE, owt-vois', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in clamour or noise: to -drown the voice of. - -OUTVOTE, owt-v[=o]t', _v.t._ to defeat by a greater number of votes. - -OUTWALK, owt-wawk', _v.t._ to walk farther, longer, or faster than. - -OUTWALL, owt'wawl, _n._ the outside wall of a building: (_Shak._) external -appearance. - -OUTWARD, owt'ward, _adj._ toward the outside: external: exterior: not -inherent, adventitious: (_theol._) worldly, carnal--opp. to _Inward_ or -spiritual: (_B._) public.--_adv._ toward the exterior: away from port: to a -foreign port: superficially--also OUT'WARDS.--_n._ OUT'WARD (_Shak._), -external form: the outside.--_adj._ OUT'WARD-BOUND, bound outwards or to a -foreign port.--_adv._ OUT'WARDLY, in an outward manner: externally: in -appearance.--_n._ OUT'WARDNESS.--_adj._ OUT'WARD-SAINT'ED, appearing -outwardly to be a saint. - -OUTWARD, owt-wawrd', _n._ a ward in a detached building connected with a -hospital. - -OUTWATCH, owt-wawch', _v.t._ to watch longer than. - -OUTWEAR, owt-w[=a]r', _v.t._ to wear out: to spend tediously: to last -longer than: to consume. - -OUTWEARY, owt-w[=e]'ri, _v.t._ to weary out completely. - -OUTWEED, owt-w[=e]d', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to root out. - -OUTWEIGH, owt-w[=a]', _v.t._ to exceed in weight or importance: to -overtask. - -OUTWELL, owt-wel', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to pour or well out. - -OUTWENT, owt-went', _v.t._ went faster than, outstripped. - -OUTWIN, owt-win', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to get out of. - -OUTWIND, owt-w[=i]nd', _v.t._ to extricate by winding, to unloose. - -OUTWING, owt-wing', _v.t._ to outstrip in flying: to outflank. - -OUTWIT, owt-wit', _v.t._ to surpass in wit or ingenuity: to defeat by -superior ingenuity:--_pr.p._ outwit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ outwit'ted. - -OUTWITH, owt'with, _prep._ (_Scot._), without, outside of. - -OUTWORK, owt'wurk, _n._ a work outside the principal wall or line of -fortification: work done in the fields, out of doors, as distinguished from -indoor work.--_v.t._ OUTWORK' (_Shak._), to surpass in work or labour: to -work out or bring to an end: to finish.--_n._ OUT'WORKER, one who works out -of doors, or who takes away work to do at home. - -OUTWORTH, owt-wurth', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to exceed in value. - -OUTWREST, owt-rest', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to extort by violence. - -OUVRAGE, [=oo]v'razh, _n._ work.--_ns._ (_masc._) OUVRIER ([=oo]v'ri-[=a]), -(_fem._) OUVRI[`E]RE ([=oo]v'ri-[=a]r), a working man or woman.--_adj._ -working. [Fr.] - -OUZEL, [=oo]'zl, _n._ a kind of thrush--also OU'SEL. [A.S. _['o]sle_; cog. -with Ger. _amsel_.] - -OVAL, [=o]'val, _adj._ having the shape of an egg.--_n._ anything oval, a -plot of ground, &c.: an ellipse.--_adv._ O'VALLY. [Fr. _ovale_--L. _ovum_, -an egg.] - -OVARY, [=o]'var-i, _n._ the part of the female animal in which the egg of -the offspring is formed, the female genital gland: (_bot._) the part of the -pistil which contains the seed.--_n.pl._ O'VA, eggs.--_adjs._ OV[=A]'RIAL, -OV[=A]'RIAN, of or pertaining to the ovary.--_ns._ OV[=A]'RI[=O]LE; -OVARIOT'OMIST; OVARIOT'OMY (_surg._), the removal of a diseased tumour from -the ovary.--_adj._ OV[=A]'RIOUS, consisting of eggs.--_n._ OVAR[=I]'TIS, -inflammation of the ovary. [Low L. _ovaria_.] - -OVATE, [=o]'v[=a]t, _n._ an Eisteddfodic graduate who is neither a bard nor -a druid. [W. _ofydd_, a philosopher.] - -OVATE, -D, [=o]'v[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ egg-shaped. - -OVATION, [=o]-v[=a]'shun, _n._ an outburst of popular applause, an -enthusiastic reception: in ancient Rome, a lesser triumph. -[Fr.,--L.,--_ov[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to shout.] - -OVEN, uv'n, _n._ an arched cavity over a fire for baking, heating, or -drying: any apparatus used as an oven.--_ns._ OV'EN-BIRD, a South American -tree-creeper which builds an oven-shaped nest; OV'EN-TIT, the -willow-warbler; OV'EN-WOOD, brushwood.--DUTCH OVEN, a baking-pot, heated by -heaping coals round it. [A.S. _ofen_; Ger. _ofen_.] - -OVER, [=o]'v[.e]r, _prep._ higher than in place, rank, value, &c.: across: -on the surface of: upon the whole surface of: through: concerning: on -account of: longer than.--_adv._ on the top: above: across: from one side, -person, &c. to another: above in measure: too much: in excess: left -remaining: at an end: completely.--_adj._ upper or superior (often used as -a prefix, as in _over_coat, _over_lord, &c.): beyond: past.--_n._ the -number of balls delivered at cricket between successive changes of bowlers: -an excess, overplus.--_v.t._ to go, leap, or vault over.--_v.i._ to go -over.--OVER AGAIN, afresh, anew; OVER AGAINST, opposite; OVER AND ABOVE, in -addition to: besides; OVER AND OVER, several times: repeatedly; OVER HEAD -AND EARS, beyond one's depth: completely; OVER SEAS, to foreign lands.--All -over, completely: at an end. [A.S. _ofer_; Ger. _[:u]ber_, L. _super_, Gr. -_huper_.] - -OVERACT, [=o]-v[.e]r-akt', _v.t._ to act overmuch, to overdo any -part.--_v.i._ to act more than necessary. - -OVER-ALL, [=o]'v[.e]r-awl, _adv._ (_Spens._) everywhere, all over.--_n.pl._ -O'VERALLS, loose trousers of canvas, &c., worn over the others to keep them -sound or clean, waterproof leggings. - -OVER-ANXIOUS, [=o]-v[.e]r-angk'shus, _adj._ anxious beyond what is right or -reasonable.--_n._ OVER-ANX[=I]'ETY.--_adv._ OVER-ANX'IOUSLY. - -OVERARCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-[:a]rch', _v.t._ to arch over.--_v.i._ to hang over -like an arch. - -OVERAWE, [=o]-v[.e]r-aw', _v.t._ to restrain by fear or by superior -influence. - -OVERBALANCE, [=o]-v[.e]r-bal'ans, _v.t._ to exceed in weight, value, or -importance: to cause to lose (one's) balance.--_n._ excess of weight or -value. - -OVERBATTLE, [=o]-v[.e]r-bat'tl, _adj._ (_obs._) too fertile. - -OVERBEAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-b[=a]r', _v.t._ to bear down or overpower: to -overwhelm.--_adj._ OVERBEAR'ING, inclined to domineer, esp. in manner or -conduct: haughty and dogmatical: imperious.--_adv._ OVERBEAR'INGLY.--_n._ -OVERBEAR'INGNESS. - -OVERBID, [=o]-v[.e]r-bid', _v.t._ to offer a price greater than.--_v.i._ -offer more than the value of. - -OVERBLOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-bl[=o]', _v.i._ to blow over or to be past its -violence: to blow with too much violence.--_v.t._ to blow away: to blow -across.--_adj._ OVERBLOWN', blown over or past, at an end: burnt by an -excessive blast, in the Bessemer steel process. - -OVERBLOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-bl[=o]', _v.t._ to cover with blossoms or -flowers.--_adj._ OVERBLOWN', past the time of flower, withered. - -OVERBOARD, [=o]'v[.e]r-b[=o]rd, _adv._ over the board or side: from on -board: out of a ship.--THROWN OVERBOARD, deserted, discarded, betrayed. - -OVERBODY, [=o]-v[.e]r-bod'i, _v.t._ to give too much body to. - -OVERBOIL, [=o]'v[.e]r-boil', _v.i._ and _v.t._ to boil excessively. - -OVERBOLD, [=o]-v[.e]r-b[=o]ld', _adj._ (_Shak._) excessively bold: -impudent.--_adv._ OVERBOLD'LY. - -OVERBRIDGE, [=o]'v[.e]r-brij, _n._ a bridge over a road. - -OVERBRIM, [=o]-v[.e]r-brim', _v.t._ to fill to overflowing.--_v.i._ to be -so full as to overflow.--_adj._ OVERBRIMMED', having too large a brim. - -OVERBROOD, [=o]-v[.e]r-br[=oo]d', _v.t._ to brood over. - -OVERBROW, [=o]-v[.e]r-brow', _v.t._ to overhang like a projecting brow. - -OVERBUILD, [=o]-v[.e]r-bild', _v.t._ to build over: to build more than is -needed.--_v.i._ to build beyond one's means. - -OVERBULK, [=o]-v[.e]r-bulk', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to oppress by bulk. - -OVERBURDEN, [=o]-v[.e]r-bur'dn, _v.t._ to burden overmuch.--_n._ alluvial -soil overlying a bed of ore. - -OVERBURN, [=o]-v[.e]r-burn', _v.t._ to burn too much.--_v.i._ to be too -zealous. - -OVERBUSY, [=o]-v[.e]r-biz'i, _adj._ too busy, over-officious. - -OVERBUY, [=o]-v[.e]r-b[=i]', _v.t._ to buy at too dear a rate: to buy more -than is needed. - -OVERBY, [=o]-v[.e]r-b[=i]', _adv._ a little way over--(_Scot._) OWERBY', -O'ERBY'. - -OVERCANOPY, [=o]-v[.e]r-kan'o-pi, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cover as with a -canopy. - -OVERCAREFUL, [=o]-v[.e]r-k[=a]r'fool, _adj._ careful to excess. - -OVERCARRY, [=o]-v[.e]r-kar'i, _v.t._ to carry too far, to go -beyond.--_v.i._ to go to excess. - -OVERCAST, [=o]-v[.e]r-kast', _v.t._ to cast over: to cloud: to cover with -gloom: to sew over or stitch the edges (of a piece of cloth) -slightly.--_v.i._ to grow dull or cloudy.--_n._ OVERCAST'ING, the action of -the verb overcast: in bookbinding, a method of oversewing single leaves in -hem-stitch style to give the pliability of folded double leaves. - -OVERCATCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-kach', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overtake. - -OVERCHARGE, [=o]-v[.e]r-ch[:a]rj', _v.t._ to load with too great a charge: -to charge too great a price.--_n._ O'VERCHARGE, an excessive load or -burden: too great a charge, as of gunpowder or of price. - -OVERCHECK, [=o]-v[.e]r-chek', _n._ a check-rein passing over a horse's head -between the ears. - -OVERCLOUD, [=o]-v[.e]r-klowd', _v.t._ to cover over with clouds: to cause -gloom or sorrow to. - -OVERCLOY, [=o]-v[.e]r-kloi', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to fill beyond satiety. - -OVERCOAT, [=o]'v[.e]r-k[=o]t, _n._ an outdoor coat worn over all the other -dress, a top-coat.--_n._ O'VERCOATING, cloth from which such is made. - -OVERCOLD, [=o]'v[.e]r-k[=o]ld, _adj._ too cold. - -OVERCOLOUR, [=o]-v[.e]r-kul'ur, _v.t._ to colour to excess, to exaggerate. - -OVERCOME, [=o]-v[.e]r-kum', _v.t._ to get the better of: to conquer or -subdue: (_obs._) to spread over, surcharge.--_v.i._ to be victorious. - -OVER-CONFIDENT, [=o]-v[.e]r-kon'fi-dent, _adj._ too confident.--_n._ -OVER-CON'FIDENCE.--_adv._ OVER-CON'FIDENTLY. - -OVERCOUNT, [=o]-v[.e]r-kownt', _v.t._ to outnumber. - -OVERCOVER, [=o]-v[.e]r-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to cover completely. - -OVERCREDULOUS, [=o]-v[.e]r-kred'[=u]-lus, _adj._ too easily persuaded to -believe. - -OVERCROW, [=o]-v[.e]r-kr[=o]', _v.t._ to crow over, insult. - -OVERCROWD, [=o]-v[.e]r-krowd', _v.t._ to fill or crowd to excess. - -OVERDARING, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=a]r'ing, _adj._ foolhardy. - -OVERDATE, [=o]'v[.e]r-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to post-date. - -OVER-DEVELOP, [=o]-v[.e]r-de-vel'op, _v.t._ in photography, to develop a -plate too much, as by too long a process or by too strong a -developer.--_n._ OVER-DEVEL'OPMENT. - -OVERDIGHT, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=i]t', _adj._ (_Spens._) dight or covered over: -overspread. - -OVERDO, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=oo]', _v.t._ to do overmuch: to carry too far: to -harass, to fatigue: to cook too much: to excel.--_n._ OVERDO'ER.--_adj._ -OVERDONE', overacted: fatigued: cooked too much. - -OVERDOSE, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=o]s', _v.t._ to dose overmuch.--_n._ an excessive -dose. - -OVERDRAW, [=o]-v[.e]r-draw', _v.t._ to draw overmuch: to draw beyond one's -credit: to exaggerate.--_n._ O'VERDRAFT, the act of overdrawing, the amount -by which the cheque, &c., exceeds the sum against which it is drawn: a -current of air passing over, not through, the ignited fuel in a furnace: an -arrangement of flues by which the kiln is heated from the top toward the -bottom--also O'VERDRAUGHT. - -OVERDRESS, [=o]-v[.e]r-dres', _v.t._ to dress too ostentatiously.--_n._ -O'VERDRESS, any garment worn over another. - -OVERDRIVE, [=o]-v[.e]r-dr[=i]v', _v.t._ to drive too hard. - -OVERDROP, [=o]-v[.e]r-drop', _v.t._ to drop over: to overhang. - -OVERDUE, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=u]', _adj._ due beyond the time: unpaid at the -right time. - -OVERDYE, [=o]-v[.e]r-d[=i]', _v.t._ to dye too deeply. - -OVEREARNEST, [=o]'v[.e]r-[.e]r'nest, _adj._ too earnest. - -OVEREAT, [=o]-v[.e]r-[=e]t', _v.t._ to surfeit with eating (generally -reflexive): (_Shak._) to eat over again. - -OVERENTREAT, [=o]-v[.e]r-en-tr[=e]t', _v.t._ to entreat to excess. - -OVERESTIMATE, [=o]-v[.e]r-es'tim-[=a]t, _v.t._ to estimate too -highly.--_n._ an excessive estimate.--_n._ OVERESTIM[=A]'TION. - -OVEREXCITE, [=o]'v[.e]r-ek-s[=i]t', _v.t._ to excite unduly.--_n._ -OVEREXCITE'MENT. - -OVER-EXERTION, [=o]'v[.e]r-eg-z[.e]r'shun, _n._ too great exertion. - -OVER-EXPOSURE, [=o]'v[.e]r-eks-p[=o]'zh[=u]r, _n._ excessive exposure: -(_photography_) the exposure to light for too long a time of the sensitive -plate.--_v.t._ OVER-EXPOSE'. - -OVER-EXQUISITE, [=o]'v[.e]r-eks'kwi-zit, _adj._ excessively exquisite: over -exact or nice: too careful. - -OVEREYE, [=o]-v[=e]r-[=i]', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overlook or superintend: -(_Shak._) to observe or remark. - -OVERFALL, [=o]'v[.e]r-fawl, _n._ a rippling or race in the sea, where, by -the peculiarities of bottom, the water is propelled with immense force, -esp. when the wind and tide, or current, set strongly together. - -OVERFAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-f[:a]r', _adv._ (_Shak._) to too great an extent. - -OVERFAST, [=o]-v[.e]r-fast', _adj._ too fast: at too great speed. - -OVERFEED, [=o]-v[.e]r-f[=e]d', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to feed to excess. - -OVERFILL, [=o]-v[.e]r-fil', _v.t._ to fill to excess. - -OVERFINENESS, [=o]'v[.e]r-f[=i]n'nes, _n._ excessive fineness. - -OVERFIRED, [=o]-v[.e]r-f[=i]rd', _adj._ overheated in firing. - -OVERFISH, [=o]-v[.e]r-fish', _v.t._ to fish to excess: to diminish unduly -the stock of fish. - -OVERFLOURISH, [=o]'v[.e]r-flur'ish, _v.t._ to make excessive flourish of: -to decorate superficially. - -OVERFLOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-fl[=o]', _v.t._ to flow over: to flood: to overwhelm: -to cover, as with numbers.--_v.i._ to run over: to abound.--_n._ O'VERFLOW, -a flowing over: that which flows over: a pipe or channel for spare water, -&c.: an inundation: superabundance: abundance: copiousness.--_adj._ flowing -over: over full: abundant.--_adj._ OVERFLOW'ING, exuberant, very -abundant.--_adv._ OVERFLOW'INGLY.--OVERFLOW MEETING, a supplementary -meeting of those unable to find room in the main meeting. - -OVERFLY, [=o]'v[.e]r-fl[=i]', _v.t._ to soar beyond. - -OVERFOLD, [=o]'v[.e]r-f[=o]ld, _n._ (_geol._) a reflexed or inverted fold -in strata. - -OVERFOND, [=o]-v[.e]r-fond', _adj._ fond to excess.--_adv._ OVERFOND'LY. - -OVERFORWARD, [=o]-v[.e]r-for'w[:a]rd, _adj._ too forward or -officious.--_n._ OVERFOR'WARDNESS. - -OVERFREIGHT, [=o]-v[.e]r-fr[=a]t', _v.t._ to overload. - -OVERFULL, [=o]-v[.e]r-fool', _adj._ (_Shak._) too full.--_n._ -OVERFULL'NESS. - -OVERGAZE, [=o]-v[.e]r-g[=a]z', _v.t._ to gaze or look over. - -OVERGET, [=o]-v[.e]r-get', _v.t._ (_obs._) to reach, overtake: to get over. - -OVERGIVE, [=o]-v[.e]r-giv', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to give over or -surrender.--_v.i._ to give too lavishly. - -OVERGLANCE, [=o]-v[.e]r-glans', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to look hastily over. - -OVERGLAZE, [=o]-v[.e]r-gl[=a]z', _v.t._ to glaze over: decorate -superficially.--_adj._ suitable for painting on glazed articles.--_n._ -O'VERGLAZE, an additional glaze given to porcelain, &c. - -OVERGLOOM, [=o]-v[.e]r-gl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to cover with gloom. - -OVERGO, [=o]-v[.e]r-g[=o]', _v.t._ to exceed: excel: to go over: to -cover.--_v.i._ to go over: to pass away. - -OVERGORGE, [=o]-v[.e]r-gorj', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to gorge to excess. - -OVERGRAIN, [=o]-v[.e]r-gr[=a]n', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to grain over a surface -already grained.--_n._ OVERGRAIN'ER, a long-bristled brush used in graining -wood. - -OVERGRASSED, [=o]-v[.e]r-grast', _adj._ (_Spens._) overstocked or overgrown -with grass. - -OVERGREEDY, [=o]-v[.e]r-gr[=e]d'i, _adj._ excessively greedy. - -OVERGREEN, [=o]-v[.e]r-gr[=e]n', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cover over so as to -hide blemishes. - -OVERGROUND, [=o]'v[.e]r-grownd, _adj._ being above ground. - -OVERGROW, [=o]-v[.e]r-gr[=o]', _v.t._ to grow beyond: to rise above: to -cover with growth.--_v.i._ to grow beyond the proper size.--_adj._ -OVERGROWN', grown beyond the natural size.--_n._ O'VERGROWTH. - -OVERHAIL, [=o]-v[.e]r-h[=a]l', _v.t._ Same as OVERHAUL. - -OVERHAIR, [=o]'v[.e]r-h[=a]r, _n._ the long hair overlying the fur of many -animals. - -OVERHAND, [=o]'v[.e]r-hand, _adj._ having the hand raised above the elbow -or over the ball at cricket (also O'VERHANDED): above the shoulder at -baseball: (_min._) done from below upward.--_adv._ with the hand over the -object.--_v.t._ to sew over and over. - -OVERHANDLE, [=o]-v[.e]r-han'dl, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to handle or mention too -often. - -OVERHANG, [=o]-v[.e]r-hang', _v.t._ to hang over: to project over: to -impend: to overlade with ornamentation.--_v.i._ to hang over.--_n._ -O'VERHANG, a projecting part, the degree of projection, of roofs, -&c.--_adj._ OVERHUNG', covered over, adorned with hangings. - -OVERHAPPY, [=o]-v[.e]r-hap'i, _adj._ excessively or too happy. - -OVERHASTY, [=o]-v[.e]r-h[=a]s'ti, _adj._ too hasty or rash.--_adv._ -OVERHAS'TILY.--_n._ OVERHAS'TINESS. - -OVERHAUL, [=o]-v[.e]r-hawl', _v.t._ to haul or draw over: to turn over for -examination: to examine: to re-examine: (_naut._) to overtake in a -chase.--_n._ O'VERHAUL, a hauling over: examination: repair.--OVERHAUL A -SHIP, to overtake a ship: to search her for contraband goods. - -OVERHEAD, [=o]'v[.e]r-hed, _adv._ over the head: aloft: in the zenith: per -head.--_adj._ situated above. - -OVERHEAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-h[=e]r', _v.t._ to hear what was not intended to be -heard: to hear by accident: (_Shak._) to hear over again. - -OVERHEAT, [=o]-v[.e]r-h[=e]t', _v.t._ to heat to excess.--_n._ O'VERHEAT, -extreme heat. - -OVERHEND, [=o]-v[.e]r-hend', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overtake. - -OVERHOLD, [=o]-v[.e]r-h[=o]ld', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overvalue. - -OVERHOURS, [=o]'v[.e]r-owrz, _n.pl._ time beyond the regular number of -hours: overtime in labour. - -OVERHOUSE, [=o]'v[.e]r-hows, _adj._ stretched along the roofs, rather than -on poles or underground. - -OVERINFORM, [=o]-v[.e]r-in-form', _v.t._ to animate too much. - -OVERISSUE, [=o]-v[.e]r-ish'[=u], _v.t._ to issue in excess, as bank-notes -or bills of exchange.--_n._ O'VERISSUE, any excessive issue. - -OVERJOY, [=o]-v[.e]r-joi', _v.t._ to fill with great joy: to transport with -delight or gladness.--_n._ O'VERJOY, joy to excess: transport. - -OVERJUMP, [=o]-v[.e]r-jump', _v.t._ to jump beyond: to pass by: neglect. - -OVERKIND, [=o]-v[.e]r-k[=i]nd', _adj._ excessively kind.--_n._ -OVERKIND'NESS. - -OVERKING, [=o]'v[.e]r-king, _n._ a king holding sway over inferior kings or -princes. - -OVERKNEE, [=o]'v[.e]r-n[=e], _adj._ reaching above the knee, as waders, &c. - -OVERLABOUR, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=a]'bur, _v.t._ to labour excessively over: to be -too nice with: to overwork. - -OVERLADE, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=a]d', _v.t._ to load with too great a burden. - -OVERLAID, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=a]d', _adj._ (_her._) lapping over. - -OVERLAND, [=o]'v[.e]r-land, _adj._ passing entirely or principally by land, -as a route, esp. that from England to India by the Suez Canal, rather than -by the Cape of Good Hope. - -OVERLAP, [=o]-v[.e]r-lap', _v.t._ to lap over: to lay so that the edge of -one rests on that of another.--_n._ O'VERLAP (_geol._), a disposition of -strata where the upper beds extend beyond the bottom beds of the same -series. - -OVERLAUNCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-lawnsh', _v.t._ to unite timbers by long splices or -scarfs. - -OVERLAY, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=a]', _v.t._ to spread over or across: to cover -completely: to smother by lying on (for _overlie_): to use overlays in -printing: to cloud: to overwhelm or oppress: to span by means of a -bridge.--_ns._ O'VERLAY, a piece of paper pasted on the impression-surface -of a printing-press, so as to increase the impression in a place where it -is too faint: (_Scot._) a cravat; OVERLAY'ING, a superficial covering: that -which overlays: plating. - -OVERLEAF, [=o]'v[.e]r-l[=e]f, _adv._ on the other side of the leaf of a -book. - -OVERLEAP, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=e]p', _v.t._ to leap over: to pass over without -notice.--OVERLEAP ONE'S SELF, to make too much effort in leaping: to leap -too far. - -OVERLEATHER, [=o]'v[.e]r-leth-[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) the upper part of a -shoe or boot. - -OVERLEAVEN, [=o]-v[.e]r-lev'n, _v.t._ to leaven too much: to mix too much -with. - -OVERLIE, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=i]', _v.t._ to lie above or upon: to smother by -lying on. - -OVERLIVE, [=o]-v[.e]r-liv', _v.t._ (_B._) to live longer than: to -survive.--_v.i._ to live too long: to live too fast, or so as prematurely -to exhaust the fund of life. - -OVERLOAD, [=o]-v[.e]r-l[=o]d', _v.t._ to load or fill overmuch.--_n._ an -excessive load. - -OVERLOCK, [=o]-v[.e]r-lok', _v.t._ to make the bolt of a lock go too far. - -OVERLONG, [=o]-v[.e]r-long', _adj._ too long. - -OVERLOOK, [=o]-v[.e]r-look', _v.t._ to look over: to see from a higher -position: to view carefully: to neglect by carelessness or inadvertence: to -pass by without punishment: to pardon: to slight: to bewitch by looking -upon with the Evil Eye.--_n._ OVERLOOK'ER. - -OVERLORD, [=o]-v[.e]r-lawrd', _n._ a lord over other lords: a feudal -superior.--_n._ OVERLORD'SHIP. - -OVERLUSTY, [=o]-v[.e]r-lust'i, _adj._ (_Shak._) too lusty. - -OVERLY, [=o]'v[.e]r-li, _adv._ (_coll._) excessively, too. - -OVERLYING, [=o]'v[.e]r-l[=i]'ing, _adj._ lying on the top. - -OVERMAN, [=o]'v[.e]r-man, _n._ in mining, the person in charge of the work -below ground. - -OVERMAN, [=o]-v[.e]r-man', _v.t._ to keep more men than necessary on a -ship, farm, &c. - -OVERMANTEL, [=o]'v[.e]r-man-tl, _n._ a frame containing shelves and other -decorations, and often a mirror, set on a mantel-shelf. - -OVERMASTED, [=o]-v[.e]r-mast'ed, _adj._ furnished with a mast or masts too -long or too heavy. - -OVERMASTER, [=o]-v[.e]r-mas't[.e]r, _v.t._ to subdue, to govern: to get and -keep in one's power. - -OVERMATCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-mach', _v.t._ to be more than a match for: to -conquer.--_n._ O'VERMATCH, one who is more than a match: one who cannot be -overcome. - -OVERMEASURE, [=o]'v[.e]r-mezh-[=u]r, _n._ something given over the due -measure.--_v.t._ to measure too largely. - -OVERMELLOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-mel'l[=o], _adj._ (_Tenn._) excessively or too -mellow. - -OVERMOUNT, [=o]-v[.e]r-mownt', _v.t._ to surmount: to go higher than.--_n._ -O'VERMOUNT, a piece of cardboard cut in proper shape, to prevent the glass -of the frame from lying too closely upon an engraving or a picture. - -OVERMUCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-much', _adj._ and _adv._ too much. - -OVERMULTITUDE, [=o]-v[.e]r-mul'ti-t[=u]d, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to -outnumber.--_v.t._ OVERMUL'TIPLY, to repeat too often.--_v.i._ to increase -to excess. - -OVERNAME, [=o]-v[.e]r-n[=a]m', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to name over: to name in a -series, to recount.--_n._ O'VERNAME, a surname, nickname. - -OVERNEAT, [=o]-v[.e]r-n[=e]t', _adj._ unnecessarily neat. - -OVERNET, [=o]-v[.e]r-net', _v.t._ to cover with a net. - -OVERNICE, [=o]-v[.e]r-n[=i]s', _adj._ fastidious.--_adv._ OVERNICE'LY. - -OVERNIGHT, [=o]'v[.e]r-n[=i]t, _n._ the forepart of the evening, esp. that -of the day just past.--_adv._ during the night: on the evening of the day -just past. - -OVEROFFICE, [=o]-v[.e]r-of'is, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to lord it over by virtue -of an office. - -OVERPART, [=o]-v[.e]r-part' _v.t._ to assign too difficult a part to. - -OVERPASS, [=o]-v[.e]r-pas', _v.t._ to pass over: to pass by without -notice.--_pa.p._ OVERPAST' (_B._), that has already passed. - -OVERPAY, [=o]-v[.e]r-p[=a]', _v.t._ to pay too much: to be more than an -ample reward for.--_n._ OVERPAY'MENT. - -OVERPEER, [=o]-v[.e]r-p[=e]r', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to overlook: to look down -on: to hover above. - -OVERPEOPLE, [=o]-v[.e]r-p[=e]'pl, _v.t._ to fill with too many -inhabitants.--Also OVERPOP'ULATE. - -OVERPERCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-p[.e]rch', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to perch or fly over. - -OVERPERSUADE, [=o]-v[.e]r-p[.e]r-sw[=a]d', _v.t._ to persuade a person -against his inclination. - -OVERPICTURE, [=o]-v[.e]r-pik't[=u]r, _v.t._ to exceed the picture of: to -exaggerate. - -OVERPLATE, [=o]'v[.e]r-pl[=a]t, _n._ in armour, a large pauldron protecting -the shoulder, or a cubiti[`e]re protecting the elbow. - -OVERPLUS, [=o]'v[.e]r-plus, _n._ that which is more than enough: surplus. - -OVERPLY, [=o]-v[.e]r-pl[=i]', _v.t._ to ply to excess. - -OVERPOISE, [=o]'v[.e]r-poiz, _v.t._ to outweigh.--_n._ O'VERPOISE, a weight -sufficient to weigh another down. - -OVERPOST, [=o]-v[.e]r-post', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to hasten over quickly. - -OVERPOWER, [=o]-v[.e]r-pow'[.e]r, _v.t._ to have or gain power over: to -subdue, defeat: to overwhelm.--_adj._ OVERPOW'ERING, excessive in degree or -amount: irresistible.--_adv._ OVERPOW'ERINGLY. - -OVERPRAISE, [=o]-v[.e]r-pr[=a]z', _v.t._ to praise too much.--_n._ -OVERPRAIS'ING, excessive praise. - -OVERPRESS, [=o]-v[.e]r-pres', _v.t._ to overwhelm, to crush: to overcome by -importunity.--_n._ OVERPRESS'URE, excessive pressure. - -OVERPRIZE, [=o]-v[.e]r-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ to value too highly: to surpass in -value. - -OVERPRODUCTION, [=o]'v[.e]r-pro-duk-shun, _n._ the act of producing a -supply of commodities in excess of the demand. - -OVERPROOF, [=o]'v[.e]r-proof, _adj._ containing more than a certain amount -of alcohol, stronger than proof-spirit, the standard by which all mixtures -of alcohol and water are judged--containing 57.27 per cent. by volume, and -49.50 per cent. by weight, of alcohol. - -OVERPROUD, [=o]-v[.e]r-prowd', _adj._ too proud. - -OVERPURCHASE, [=o]-v[.e]r-pur'ch[=a]s, _n._ a dear bargain.--_v.i._ -(_obs._) to pay too dear a price. - -OVERRACK, [=o]-v[.e]r-rak', _v.t._ to torture beyond bearing. - -OVERRAKE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=a]k', _v.t._ to sweep over, as a vessel by a wave. - -OVERRANK, [=o]-v[.e]r-rangk', _adj._ too rank or luxurious. - -OVERRATE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=a]t', _v.t._ to rate or value too high.--_n._ -O'VERRATE, an excessive estimate or rate. - -OVERREACH, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=e]ch', _v.t._ to reach or extend beyond: to cheat -or get the better of.--_v.i._ to strike the hindfoot against the forefoot, -as a horse. - -OVERREAD, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=e]d', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to read over, to -peruse.--_adj._ OVERREAD ([=o]-v[.e]r-red'), having read too much. - -OVER-RECKON, [=o]-v[.e]r-rek'n, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to compute too highly. - -OVERRED, [=o]-v[.e]r-red', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to smear with a red colour. - -OVERREFINE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=e]-f[=i]n', _v.i._ to refine too much.--_n._ -OVERREFINE'MENT, any over subtle or affected refinement. - -OVERRENT, [=o]-v[.e]r-rent', _v.i._ to exact too high a rent. - -OVERRIDE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=i]d', _v.t._ to ride too much: to pass on -horseback: to trample down or set aside.--OVERRIDE ONE'S COMMISSION, to act -with too high a hand: to stretch one's authority too far. - -OVERRIPEN, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=i]p'n, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to make too ripe.--_adj._ -OVERRIPE', too ripe, more than ripe. - -OVERROAST, [=o]-v[=e]r-r[=o]st', _v.t._ to roast too much. - -OVERRULE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=oo]l', _v.t._ to rule over: to influence or to set -aside by greater power: (_law_) to reject or declare to be invalid.--_v.i._ -to prevail.--_n._ OVERRUL'ER.--_adv._ OVERRUL'INGLY. - -OVERRUN, [=o]-v[.e]r-run', _v.t._ to run or spread over: to grow over: to -spread over and take possession of: to crush down: (_B._) to run faster -than: to pass in running: to extend composed types beyond their first -limit.--_v.i._ to run over: to extend beyond the right length, as a line or -page in printing.--_n._ OVERRUN'NER, one that overruns. - -OVERSCORE, [=o]-v[.e]r-sk[=o]r', _v.t._ to score or draw lines over -anything: to erase by this means. - -OVERSCRUPULOUS, [=o]-v[.e]r-skroop'[=u]-lus, _adj._ scrupulous to -excess.--_n._ OVERSCRUP'ULOUSNESS. - -OVERSCUTCHED, [=o]-v[.e]r-skucht', _adj._ (_Shak._) over switched or -whipped, or more probably worn out in the service. - -OVERSEA, [=o]'v[.e]r-s[=e], _adj._ foreign, from beyond the sea.--_adv._ to -a place beyond the sea, abroad.--Also O'VERSEAS. - -OVERSEAM, [=o]'v[.e]r-s[=e]m, _n._ a seam in which the thread is at each -stitch passed over the edges sewn together.--_n._ O'VERSEAMING, the -foregoing kind of sewing. - -OVERSEE, [=o]-v[.e]r-s[=e]', _v.t._ to see or look over, to -superintend.--_n._ OVERS[=E]'ER, one who oversees: a superintendent: an -officer who has the care of the poor, and other duties, such as making out -lists of voters, of persons who have not paid rates, &c.: one who manages a -plantation of slaves: (_obs._) a critic.--OVERSEERS OF THE POOR, officers -in England who manage the poor-rate.--BE OVERSEEN (_obs._), to be deceived: -to be fuddled. - -OVERSELL, [=o]-v[.e]r-sel', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to sell too dear: to sell -more than exists, of stock, &c. - -OVERSET, [=o]-v[.e]r-set', _v.t._ to set or turn over: to upset: to -overthrow.--_v.i._ to turn or be turned over. - -OVERSHADE, [=o]-v[.e]r-sh[=a]d', _v.t._ to throw a shade over. - -OVERSHADOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-shad'[=o], _v.t._ to throw a shadow over: to -shelter or protect. - -OVERSHINE, [=o]-v[.e]r-sh[=i]n', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to shine upon, illumine: -to outshine. - -OVERSHOE, [=o]'v[.e]r-sh[=oo], _n._ a shoe, esp. of waterproof, worn over -another. - -OVERSHOOT, [=o]-v[.e]r-sh[=oo]t', _v.t._ to shoot over or beyond, as a -mark: to pass swiftly over.--_v.i._ to shoot or fly beyond the -mark.--_adj._ O'VERSHOT, having the water falling on it from above, as a -water-wheel: surpassed: fuddled.--OVERSHOOT ONE'S SELF, to venture too far, -to overreach one's self. - -OVERSIDE, [=o]-v[.e]r-s[=i]d', _adj._ acting over the side.--_adv._ over -the side. - -OVERSIGHT, [=o]'v[.e]r-s[=i]t, _n._ a failing to notice: mistake: omission: -(_orig._) superintendence. - -OVERSIZE, [=o]-v[.e]r-s[=i]z', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cover with any gluey -matter: to plaster over. - -OVERSKIP, [=o]-v[.e]r-skip', _v.t._ to skip, leap, or pass over: (_Shak._) -to fail to see or find: to escape. - -OVERSLAUGH, [=o]-v[.e]r-slaw', _v.t._ (_U.S._) to pass over in favour of -another: to supersede: to hinder: to oppress. [Dut. _overslaan_ (cf. Ger. -_[:u]berschlagen_), to skip over.] - -OVERSLEEP, [=o]-v[.e]r-sl[=e]p', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to sleep beyond one's -usual time. - -OVERSLIP, [=o]-v[.e]r-slip', _v.t._ to pass without notice. - -OVERSMAN, [=o]'v[.e]rz-man, _n._ an overseer: (_Scot._) an umpire appointed -to decide between the differing judgment of two arbiters. - -OVERSOUL, [=o]'v[.e]r-s[=o]l, _n._ the divine principle forming the -spiritual unity of all being. - -OVERSOW, [=o]-v[.e]r-s[=o]', _v.t._ to sow too much seed on: to sow over. - -OVERSPENT, [=o]-v[.e]r-spent', _adj._ excessively fatigued. - -OVERSPREAD, [=o]-v[.e]r-spred', _v.t._ to spread over: to scatter -over.--_v.i._ to be spread over. - -OVERSTAIN, [=o]-v[.e]r-st[=a]n', _v.t._ to besmear the surface of. - -OVERSTAND, [=o]-v[.e]r-stand', _v.t._ to stand too strictly on the -conditions of. - -OVERSTARE, [=o]-v[.e]r-st[=a]r', _v.t._ to outstare. - -OVERSTATE, [=o]-v[.e]r-st[=a]t', to state over and above: to -exaggerate.--_n._ OVERSTATE'MENT. - -OVERSTAY, [=o]-v[.e]r-st[=a]', _v.t._ to stay too long. - -OVERSTEP, [=o]-v[.e]r-step', _v.t._ to step beyond: to exceed. - -OVERSTOCK, [=o]-v[.e]r-stok', _v.t._ to stock overmuch: to fill too -full.--_n._ superabundance. - -OVERSTRAIN, [=o]v[.e]r-str[=a]n', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to strain or stretch -too far.--_n._ too great strain.--_adj._ OVERSTRAINED', strained to excess: -exaggerated. - -OVERSTREAM, [=o]-v[.e]r-str[=e]m', _v.t._ to stream or flow over. - -OVERSTRETCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-strech', _v.t._ to stretch to excess: to -exaggerate. - -OVERSTREW, [=o]-v[.e]r-str[=oo]', _v.t._ to scatter over. - -OVERSTRUNG, [=o]-v[.e]r-strung', _adj._ too highly strung. - -OVERSUPPLY, [=o]'v[.e]r-sup-pl[=i], _n._ an excessive supply. - -OVERSWAY, [=o]-v[.e]r-sw[=a]', _v.t._ to overrule, to bear down. - -OVERSWELL, [=o]-v[.e]r-swel', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to swell or rise above: to -overflow. - -OVERT, [=o]'v[.e]rt, _adj._ open to view: public: apparent.--_adv._ -O'VERTLY.--OVERT ACT, something actually done in execution of a criminal -intent.--MARKET OVERT, open or public market. [Fr. _ouvert_, pa.p. of -_ouvrir_, to open; acc. to Diez, from O. Fr. _a-ovrir_, through Prov. -_adubrir_, from L. _de-oper[=i]re_, to uncover--_de_=un-, and _oper[=i]re_, -to cover; acc. to Littr['e], from L. _oper[=i]re_, to cover, confounded in -meaning with _aper[=i]re_, to open.] - -OVERTAKE, [=o]-v[.e]r-t[=a]k', _v.t._ to come up with: to catch: to come -upon: to take by surprise.--_p.adj._ OVERT[=A]'KEN, fuddled. - -OVERTASK, [=o]-v[.e]r-task', _v.t._ to task overmuch: to impose too heavy a -task on. - -OVERTAX, [=o]-v[.e]r-taks', _v.t._ to tax overmuch. - -OVERTEDIOUS, [=o]-v[.e]r-t[=e]'di-us, _adj._ (_Shak._) too tedious. - -OVERTHROW, [=o]-v[.e]r-thr[=o]', _v.t._ to throw down: to upset: to bring -to an end: to demolish: to defeat utterly.--_ns._ O'VERTHROW, act of -overthrowing or state of being overthrown: ruin: defeat: a throwing of a -ball beyond the player; O'VERTHROWER. - -OVERTHRUST, [=o]'v[.e]r-thrust, _adj._ (_geol._) belonging to earlier -strata, pushed by faulting over later and higher strata. - -OVERTHWART, [=o]-v[.e]r-thwawrt', _v.t._ to lie athwart: to cross.--_adj._ -opposite, transverse: contrary, perverse.--_prep_. across, on the other -side of. - -OVERTILT, [=o]-v[.e]r-tilt', _v.t._ to upset. - -OVERTIME, [=o]'v[.e]r-t[=i]m, _n._ time employed in working beyond the -regular hours. - -OVERTOIL, [=o]-v[.e]r-toil', _v.i._ to overwork one's self. - -OVERTONE, [=o]'v[.e]r-t[=o]n, _n._ a harmonic, because heard above its -fundamental tone. - -OVERTOP, [=o]-v[.e]r-top', _v.t._ to rise over the top of: to make of less -importance: to surpass: to obscure. - -OVERTOWER, [=o]-v[.e]r-tow'er, _v.t._ to tower above.--_v.i._ to soar too -high. - -OVERTRADE, [=o]-v[.e]r-tr[=a]d', _v.i._ to trade overmuch or beyond -capital: to buy in more than can be sold or paid for.--_n._ OVERTRAD'ING, -the buying of a greater amount of goods than one can sell or pay for. - -OVERTRIP, [=o]-v[.e]r-trip', _v.t._ to trip nimbly over. - -OVERTURE, [=o]'v[.e]r-t[=u]r, _n._ a proposal, an offer for acceptance or -rejection: (_mus._) a piece introductory to a greater piece or ballet: a -discovery or disclosure: the method in Presbyterian usage of beginning -legislation and maturing opinion by sending some proposition from the -presbyteries to the General Assembly, and _vice vers[^a]_, also the -proposal so sent.--_v.t._ to lay a proposal before. [Fr.] - -OVERTURN, [=o]-v[.e]r-turn', _v.t._ to throw down or over: to subvert: to -conquer: to ruin.--_ns._ O'VERTURN, state of being overturned; OVERTURN'ER. - -OVERVALUE, [=o]-v[.e]r-val'l[=u], _v.t._ to set too high a value on.--_n._ -OVERVALU[=A]'TION, an overestimate. - -OVERVEIL, [=o]-v[.e]r-v[=a]l', _v.t._ to veil or cover. - -OVERVIEW, [=o]'v[.e]r-v[=u], _n._ (_Shak._) an inspection. - -OVERWASH, [=o]'v[.e]r-wawsh, _adj._ (_geol._) carried by glacier-streams -over a frontal moraine, or formed of material so carried. - -OVERWATCH, [=o]-v[.e]r-wawch', _v.t._ to watch excessively: to overcome -with long want of rest. - -OVERWEAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=a]r', _v.t._ to wear out: to outwear, -outlive.--_n._ O'VERWEAR, clothes for wearing out of doors. - -OVERWEATHER, [=o]-v[.e]r-weth'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to batter by violence -of weather. - -OVERWEEN, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=e]n', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to think too highly or -favourably, esp. of one's self.--_adj._ OVERWEEN'ING, thinking too highly -of: conceited, vain.--_n._ conceit: presumption.--_adv._ OVERWEEN'INGLY. - -OVERWEIGH, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=a]', _v.t._ to be heavier than: to -outweigh.--_n._ O'VERWEIGHT, weight beyond what is required or what is -just.--_v.t._ OVERWEIGHT', to weigh down: to put too heavy a burden on. - -OVERWHELM, [=o]-v[.e]r-hwelm', _v.t._ to overspread and crush by something -heavy or strong: to flow over and bear down: to overcome.--_p.adj._ -OVERWHEL'MING, crushing with weight, &c.: irresistible.--_adv._ -OVERWHEL'MINGLY. - -OVERWIND, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=i]nd', _v.t._ to wind too far. - -OVERWISE, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=i]z', _adj._ wise overmuch: affectedly -wise.--_adv._ OVERWISE'LY. - -OVERWORK, [=o]-v[.e]r-wurk', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to work overmuch or beyond -the strength: to tire.--_n._ O'VERWORK, excess of work: excessive labour. - -OVERWORN, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[:o]rn', _adj._ worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled -by use: worn or rubbed till threadbare. - -OVERWREST, [=o]-v[.e]r-rest', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to wrest or twist from the -proper position. - -OVERWRESTLE, [=o]-v[.e]r-res'l, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overcome by wrestling. - -OVERWRITE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=i]t', _v.t._ to cover over with other writing. - -OVERWROUGHT, [=o]-v[.e]r-rawt', _pa.p._ of OVERWORK, worked too hard: too -highly excited: worked all over: overdone. - -OVERYEAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-y[=e]r', _adj._ (_prov._) kept over from last year. - -OVIDIAN, [=o]-vid'i-an, _adj._ belonging to, or resembling the style of, -the Latin poet _Ovid_ (43 B.C.-17 A.D.). - -OVIDUCT, [=o]'vi-dukt, _n._ a duct or passage for the egg in animals, from -the ovary. - -OVIFEROUS, [=o]-vif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ egg-bearing.--_n._ O'VIFER, a small -wire cage on a solid base, for carrying an egg safely. [L. _ovum_, an egg, -_ferre_, to bear.] - -OVIFORM, [=o]'vi-form, _adj._ having the form of an oval or egg. [L. -_ovum_, an egg.] - -OVIFORM, [=o]'vi-form, _adj._ like a sheep: ovine. [L. _ovis_, a sheep.] - -OVIGEROUS, ov-ij'[.e]r-us, _adj._ egg-bearing. [L. _ovum_, an egg, -_ger[)e]re_, to bear.] - -OVINE, [=o]'v[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the _Ovinae_, sheep-like.--_n._ -OVIN[=A]'TION, inoculation of sheep with ovine virus against sheep-pox. - -OVIPAROUS, [=o]-vip'a-rus, _adj._ bringing forth or laying eggs instead of -fully formed young.--_n.pl._ OVIP'ARA, animals that lay eggs.--_ns._ -OVIPAR'ITY, OVIP'AROUSNESS. [L. _ovum_, egg, _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.] - -OVIPOSITOR, [=o]-vi-poz'i-tor, _n._ the organ at the extremity of the -abdomen of many insects, by which the eggs are deposited.--_v.i._ -OVIPOS'IT, to deposit eggs with an ovipositor.--_n._ OVIPOSIT'ION. [L. -_ovum_, egg, _positor_--_pon[)e]re_, to place.] - -OVISAC, [=o]v'i-sak, _n._ the cavity in the ovary which immediately -contains the ovum. [L. _ovum_, an egg, and _sac_.] - -OVOID, -AL, [=o]'void, -al, _adj._ oval: egg-shaped.--_n._ an egg-shaped -body. [L. _ovum_, egg, Gr. _eidos_, form.] - -OVOLO, [=o]'v[=o]-l[=o], _n._ (_archit._) a moulding with the rounded part -composed of a quarter of a circle, or of an arc of an ellipse with the -curve greatest at the top. [It.,--L. _ovum_, an egg.] - -OVOVIVIPAROUS, [=o]-v[=o]-vi-vip'ar-us, _adj._ producing eggs which are -hatched in the body of the parent. [L. _ovum_, an egg, _vivus_, living, -_par[)e]re_, to bring forth.] - -OVULE, [=o]v'[=u]l, _n._ a little egg: the seed of a plant in its -rudimentary state, growing from the placenta.--_adj._ OV'ULAR.--_ns._ -OVUL[=A]'TION, the formation of ova, or the period when this takes place; -OV'ULITE, a fossil egg. [Dim. of L. _ovum_, an egg.] - -OVUM, [=o]'vum, _n._ an egg: (_biol._) the egg-cell, in all organisms the -starting-point of the embryo, development beginning as soon as it is -supplemented by the male-cell or spermatozoon:--_pl._ O'VA. [L.] - -OWCHE, owch, _n._ Same as OUCH. - -OWE, [=o], _v.t._ to possess or to be the owner of: to have what belongs to -another: to be bound to pay: to be obliged for.--_v.i._ to be in debt.--BE -OWING, to be due or ascribed (to). [A.S. _['a]gan_, pres. indic. _['a]h_, -pret. _['a]hte_, pa.p. _['a]gen_; Ice. _eiga_, Old High Ger. _eigan_, to -possess.] - -OWELTY, [=o]'el-ti, _n._ equality. [O. Fr. _oelte_.] - -OWENITE, [=o]'en-[=i]t, _n._ a disciple of Robert _Owen_ (1771-1858), a -social reformer, who proposed to establish society on a basis of -socialistic co-operation. - -OWER, ow'[.e]r (_Scot._ for _over_).--_ns._ OW'ERCOME, OW'ERWORD, the -refrain of a song. - -OWING, [=o]'ing, _adj._ due: that has to be paid (to): happening as a -consequence of: imputable to. - -OWL, owl, _n._ a carnivorous bird that seeks its food by night, noted for -its howling or hooting noise.--_v.i._ to smuggle contraband goods.--_ns._ -OWL'ERY, an abode of owls: (_Carlyle_) an owl-like character; OWL'ET, a -little or young owl.--_adj._ OWL'-EYED, having blinking eyes like an -owl.--_n._ OWL'-GLASS, a malicious figure in a popular German tale, -translated into English about the end of the 16th century--the German _Tyll -Eulenspiegel_--also OWLE'GLASS, HOWLE'GLASS, OWL'SPIEGLE.--_adj._ OWL'ISH, -like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.--_n._ OWL'ISHNESS. [A.S. _['u]le_; Ger. -_eule_, L. _ulula_; imit.] - -OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to grant: to allow to be true: concede: acknowledge. -[A.S. _unnan_, to grant; Ger. _g[:o]nnen_, to grant.] - -OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to possess: to be the rightful owner of. [A.S. -_['a]gnian_, with addition of casual suffix--_['a]gen_, one's own; cf. -_Own_ (adj.).] - -OWN, [=o]n, _adj._ possessed: belonging to one's self and to no other: -peculiar.--_ns._ OWN'ER, one who owns or possesses; OWN'ERSHIP, state of -being an owner: right of possession. [A.S. _['a]gen_, pa.p. of _['a]gan_, -to possess. Cf. _Owe_.] - -OWRE, owr, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as AUROCHS. [A.S. _['u]r_.] - -OWSEN, ow'sen, _n.pl._ a dialectic form of _oxen_. - -OX, oks, _n._ a well-known animal that chews the cud, the female of which -supplies the chief part of the milk used as human food: the male of the -cow, esp. when castrated:--_pl._ OX'EN, used for both male and -female.--_ns._ OX'-BOT, OX'-WAR'BLER, a bot-fly or its larva, found under -the skin of cattle; OX'EYE, a common plant in meadows, with a flower like -the eye of an ox.--_adj._ OX'-EYED, having large, full, ox-like -eyes.--_ns._ OX'-GOAD (see GOAD); OX'-PECK'ER, OX'-BIRD, an African bird, -which eats the parasites infesting the skins of cattle--also _Beefeater_; -OX'-TAIL-SOUP, a kind of soup made of several ingredients, one of which is -an oxtail cut in joints.--HAVE THE BLACK OX TREAD ON ONE'S FOOT, to -experience sorrow or misfortune. [A.S. _oxa_, pl. _oxan_; Ice. _uxi_; Ger. -_ochs_, Goth. _auhsa_, Sans. _ukshan_.] - -OXALATE, oks'a-l[=a]t, _n._ a salt formed by a combination of oxalic acid -with a base.--_n._ OX'ALITE, a yellow mineral composed of oxalate of iron. - -OXALIS, oks'a-lis, _n._ wood-sorrel: (_bot._) a genus of plants having an -acid taste.--_adj._ OXAL'IC, pertaining to or obtained from sorrel. -[Gr.,--_oxys_, acid.] - -OXFORD CLAY, oks'ford kl[=a], _n._ (_geol._) the principal member of the -Middle Oolite series.--OXFORD MOVEMENT (see TRACTARIANISM). - -OXGANG, oks'gang, _n._ as much land as can be tilled by the use of an ox -(averaging about 15 acres)--called also OX'LAND or OX'GATE. - -OX-HEAD, oks'-hed, _n._ (_Shak._) blockhead, dolt. - -OXIDE, oks'[=i]d, _n._ a compound of oxygen and some other element or -organic radical. Oxides are of three kinds--_acid-forming_, _basic_, and -_neutral_.--_n._ OXIDABIL'ITY.--_adj._ OX'IDABLE, capable of being -converted into an oxide.--_v.t._ OX'IDATE (same as OXIDISE).--_ns._ -OXID[=A]'TION, OXIDISE'MENT, act or process of oxidising; OX'ID[=A]TOR, a -contrivance for drawing a current of air to the flame of a lamp.--_adj._ -OXIDIS'ABLE, capable of being oxidised.--_v.t._ OX'IDISE, to convert into -an oxide.--_v.i._ to become an oxide.--_n._ OXIDIS'ER. - -OXLIP, oks'lip, _n._ a species of primrose, having its flowers in an umbel -on a stalk like the cowslip. - -OXONIAN, oks-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Oxford_ or to its -university.--_n._ an inhabitant or a native of Oxford: a student or -graduate of Oxford. - -OXTER, oks't[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) the armpit.--_v.t._ to hug with the arms: -to support by taking the arm. - -OXYGEN, oks'i-jen, _n._ a gas without taste, colour, or smell, forming part -of the air, water, &c., and supporting life and combustion.--_n._ -OXYCHL[=O]'RIDE, a chemical compound containing both chlorine and oxygen in -combination with some other element.--_v.t._ OX'YGEN[=A]TE, to unite, or -cause to unite, with oxygen.--_n._ OXYGEN[=A]'TION, act of -oxygenating.--_v.t._ OX'YGENISE (same as OXYGENATE).--_adj._ OXYG'ENOUS, -pertaining to, or obtained from, oxygen.--_adj._ OXYHY'DROGEN, pertaining -to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, as in a form of blowpipe in which jets -of either ignite as they issue from separate reservoirs. [Gr. _oxys_, -sharp, _gen_, the root of _gennaein_, to generate.] - -OXYMEL, oks'i-mel, _n._ a mixture of vinegar and honey. [Gr. _oxys_, sour, -_meli_, honey.] - -OXYMORON, ok-si-m[=o]'ron, _n._ a figure of speech, by means of which two -ideas of opposite meaning are combined, so as to form an expressive phrase -or epithet, as _cruel kindness_, _falsely true_, &c. [Gr.,--_oxys_, sharp, -_m[=o]ros_, foolish.] - -OXYOPIA, ok-si-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ unusual keenness of sight. [Gr.,--_oxys_, -sharp, _[=o]ps_, the eye.] - -OXYRHYNCHUS, ok-si-ring'kus, _n._ an Egyptian fish, formerly sacred to the -goddess Hathor, and represented on coins and sculptures. [Gr.,--_oxys_, -sharp, _rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -OXYTONE, oks'i-t[=o]n, _adj._ having an acute sound: having the acute -accent on the last syllable.--_n._ a word so accented. [Gr. _oxys_, sharp, -_tonos_, tone.] - -OYER, [=o]'y[.e]r, _n._ a hearing in a law-court, an assize.--OYER AND -TERMINER, a royal commission conferring upon a judge or judges the power to -hear and determine criminal causes pending in a particular county. [Norm. -Fr. _oyer_ (Fr. _ouir_)--L. _aud[=i]re_, to hear.] - -OYEZ, OYES, [=o]'yes, _interj._ the call of a public crier, or officer of a -law-court, for attention before making a proclamation. [Norm. Fr., 2d pers. -pl. imper. of _oyer_.] - -OYSTER, ois't[.e]r, _n._ a well-known bivalve shellfish, used as -food.--_ns._ OYS'TER-BANK, -BED, -FARM, -FIELD, -PARK, a place where -oysters breed or are bred; OYS'TER-CATCH'ER, the sea pie--a sea wading bird -of the family Haematopodidae, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; -OYS'TER-FISH'ERY, the business of catching oysters; OYS'TER-KNIFE, a knife -for opening oysters.--_n.pl._ OYS'TER-PAT'TIES, small pies or pasties made -from oysters.--_n._ OYS'TER-SHELL, the shell of an oyster.--_n.pl._ -OYS'TER-TONGS, a tool used to dredge up oysters in deep water.--_ns._ -OYS'TER-WENCH, -WIFE, -WOM'AN, a woman who vends oysters. [O. Fr. _oistre_ -(Fr. _hu[^i]tre_)--L. _ostrea_--Gr. _ostreon_, an oyster--_osteon_, a -bone.] - -OZOCERITE, [=o]-z[=o]-s[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a waxy-like substance, having a -weak bituminous odour, found in Moldavia and elsewhere, and used for making -candles.--Also OZOK[=E]'RITE. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell, _keros_, wax.] - -OZOENA, [=o]-z[=e]'na, _n._ a term applied to any one of various diseased -conditions of the nose accompanied by fetid discharge. [Gr. _ozein_, to -smell.] - -OZONE, [=o]'z[=o]n, _n._ name given to a supposed allotropic form of -oxygen, when affected by electric discharges, marked by a peculiar -smell.--_ns._ OZON[=A]'TION; OZONIS[=A]'TION; OZONOM'ETER.--_adj._ -OZONOMET'RIC.--_ns._ OZONOM'ETRY; OZ[=O]'NOSCOPE.--_adjs._ OZONOSCOP'IC; -O'ZONOUS. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell.] - -OZOSTOMIA, [=o]-zo-st[=o]'mi-a, _n._ foul breath due to morbid causes. [Gr. -_ozein_, to smell, _stoma_, the mouth.] - - * * * * * - -P the sixteenth letter of our alphabet, its sound the sharp labial mute, -interchanging with other labials, esp. with _b_, the flat labial mute: -P=400; ([=P])=400,000: the chemical symbol for phosphorus: (_math._) the -Greek [PI]=a continued product, while small [pi] denotes the ratio of the -circumference to the diameter.--MIND ONE'S P'S AND Q'S (see MIND). - -PA, p[:a], _n._ papa, a child's name for father. - -PABOUCHE, pa-b[=oo]sh', _n._ a slipper.--Also _Baboosh_. - -PABULUM, pab'[=u]-lum, _n._ food of any kind, especially that of animals -and plants: provender: fuel: nourishment for the mind.--_adjs._ PAB'ULAR, -PAB'ULOUS, of or pertaining to food: fit for food: affording food. -[L.,--_pasc[)e]re_, to feed.] - -PACA, pak'a, _n._ the spotted cavy of South America. [Sp. and Port., the -spotted cavy--Braz. _pak_, _paq_.] - -PACABLE, p[=a]'ka-bl, _adj._ that may be calmed or quieted: willing to -forgive.--_adj._ PAC[=A]'TED.--_n._ PAC[=A]'TION. [L. _pac[=a]re_, to make -at peace--_pax_, peace.] - -PACE, p[=a]s, _n._ a stride: the space between the feet in walking, 30 -inches, a step: gait: rate of walking (of a man or beast): rate of speed in -movement or work, often applied to fast living: mode of stepping in horses -in which the legs on the same side are lifted together: amble: (_obs._) a -passage.--_v.t._ to measure by steps: to cause to progress: to train in -walking or stepping.--_v.i._ to walk: to walk slowly: to amble.--_adj._ -PACED, having a certain pace or gait.--_ns._ PACE'-MAK'ER, one who sets the -pace, as in a race; PAC'ER, one who paces: a horse whose usual gait is a -pace.--KEEP, or HOLD, PACE WITH, to go as fast as: to keep up with. [Fr. -_pas_--L. _passus_, a step--_pand[)e]re_, _passum_, to stretch.] - -PACE, p[=a]'s[=e], _prep._ with or by the leave of (expressing disagreement -courteously). [L., abl. of _pax_, peace.] - -PACHA, PACHALIC. See PASHA, PASHALIC. - -PACHY-, pak'i-, thick, in combination, as _adjs._ PACHYDAC'TYL, -OUS, -having thick digits; PACH'YDERM, thick-skinned--_n._ one of an order of -non-ruminant, hoofed mammals, thick-skinned, as the elephant:--_pl._ -PACH'YDERMS, or PACHYDER'MATA.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MATOUS, thick-skinned: -insensible to impressions.--_n._ PACHYDER'MIA, a form of elephantiasis in -which the skin becomes thick and warty.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MOID.--_ns._ -PACHY[=E]'MIA, a thickening of the blood--also PACHYAE'MIA; PACHY'MA, a -genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now -referred to the genus _Polyporus_--also _Tuckahoe_, _Tuckahoe truffle_, or -_Indian bread_; PACHYM[=E]'NIA, a thickening of the skin.--_adj._ -PACHYM[=E]'NIC.--_n._ PACHYM'ETER, an instrument for measuring small -thicknesses, as of paper.--_adjs._ PACH'YODONT, with thick teeth; -PACH'YOTE, with thick ears, as a bat--also _n._; PACH'YPOD, having thick -feet; PACHYP'TEROUS, having thick wings or fins.--_ns._ PACHYTH[=E]'RIUM, a -South American fossil genus of gigantic edentate mammals; PACHYT'YLUS, a -genus of locusts, embracing the dreaded Migratory Locust (_Pachytylus -migratorius_). [Gr. _pachys_, thick.] - -PACIFY, pas'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make peaceful: to appease: to bring back -peace to: to calm; to soothe.--_adjs._ PAC'IFIABLE, that may be pacified; -PACIF'IC, peacemaking: appeasing: peaceful: mild: tranquil.--_n._ the ocean -between Asia and America, so called by its discoverer Magellan because he -sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.--_adj._ PACIF'ICAL, -pacific (obs. except in phrase _Letters pacifical_, letters recommending -the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church--also _Letters of -peace_, _Pacificae_).--_adv._ PACIF'ICALLY.--_v.t._ PACIF'IC[=A]TE, to give -peace to.--_ns._ PACIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of making peace, esp. between -parties at variance; PACIF'IC[=A]TOR, PAC'IFIER, a peacemaker.--_adj._ -PACIF'IC[=A]TORY, tending to make peace. [Fr. _pacifier_--L. -_pacific[=a]re_--_pax_, _pacis_, peace, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PACK, pak, _n._ a bundle made to be carried on the back: a collection, -stock, or store: a bundle of some particular kind or quantity, as of wool, -480 or 240 lb.: the quantity of fish packed: a complete set of cards: a -number of animals herding together or kept together for hunting: a number -of persons combined for bad purposes: any great number: a large extent of -floating and broken ice: a wet sheet for folding round the body to allay -inflammation, fever, &c.--_v.t._ to press together and fasten up: to place -in order: to crowd: to assort, bring together, select, or manipulate -persons, cards, &c. for some unjust object: to send away, as from one's -presence or employment: to surround a joint, &c., with any substance to -prevent leaking, &c.--_v.i._ to store things away anywhere for safe -keeping, &c.: to settle into a firm mass: to admit of being put into -compact shape: to depart in haste.--_ns._ PACK'AGE, the act of packing, -also something packed: a bundle or bale: a charge made for packing; -PACK'-AN'IMAL, a beast of burden used to carry goods on its back; -PACK'-CINCH (-sinsh), a wide girth of canvas, &c., having a hook and ring -attached for adjusting the load of a pack-animal; PACK'-CLOTH, a cloth in -which goods are tied up: packsheet; PACK'ER, one who packs: one who cures -and packs provisions: any device to fill the space between the tubing and -the sides of an oil-well, &c.; PACK'ET, a small package: a ship or vessel -employed in carrying packets of letters, passengers, &c.: a vessel plying -regularly between one port and another (also PACK'ET-BOAT, PACK'ET-SHIP, -&c.).--_v.t._ to bind in a packet or parcel: to send in a packet.--_ns._ -PACK'ET-DAY, the day of the departure or arrival of a mail-ship; -PACK'ET-NOTE (see NOTE-PAPER); PACK'-HORSE, a horse used to carry goods in -panniers: a drudge; PACK'-ICE, a collection of large pieces of floating -ice; PACK'ING, the act of putting into packs or of tying up for carriage: -material for packing: anything used to fill an empty space, or to make a -joint close, as the elastic ring round a moving rod or piston to make it a -tight fit; PACK'ING-BOX, -CASE, a box in which goods are packed: a hollow -place round the opening of a steam cylinder, filled with some soft -substance which, being pressed hard against the piston-rod, makes it a -tight fit; PACK'ING-NEED'LE, or _Sack-needle_, a strong needle for sewing -up packages; PACK'ING-P[=A]'PER, a strong and thick kind of wrapping-paper; -PACK'ING-PRESS, a press for squeezing goods into small compass for packing; -PACK'ING-SHEET, or PACK'SHEET, coarse cloth for packing goods; PACK'-LOAD, -the load an animal can carry on its back; PACK'MAN, a peddler or a man who -carries a pack; PACK'-MULE, a mule used for carrying burdens; -PACK'-SADD'LE, a saddle for packs or burdens; PACK'-THREAD, a coarse thread -used to sew up packages; PACK'-TRAIN, a train of loaded pack-animals; -PACK'WAY, a narrow path fit for pack-horses.--PACK A JURY, MEETING, &c., to -fill up with persons of a particular kind for one's own purposes.--SEND ONE -PACKING, to dismiss summarily. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. _pac_, Bret. -_pak_, a bundle; cf. Ger. _pack_, Dut. _pak_.] - -PACK, pak, _adj._ (_Scot._) intimate, confidential. - -PACKFONG, an incorrect form of _paktong_ (q.v.) - -PACO, p[=a]'ko, _n._ same as ALPACA:--_pl._ P[=A]'COS. - -PACT, pakt, _n._ that which is agreed on: an agreement: a contract--also -PAC'TION.--_adj._ PAC'TIONAL.--PACTUM ILLICITUM, an unlawful agreement. [L. -_pactum_--_pacisci_, _pactus_, to contract.] - -PAD, pad, _n._ a thief on the high-road (more commonly _Footpad_): (abbrev. -from _pad-horse_) a horse for riding on the road: an easy-paced -horse.--_v.i._ to walk on foot: to trudge along: to rob on foot:--_pr.p._ -pad'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pad'ded.--_adj._ PAD'-CLINK'ING, keeping -company with thieves.--_n._ PAD'DING-KEN, a low lodging-house inhabited by -thieves.--STAND PAD, to beg by the roadside. [Dut. _pad_, a path.] - -PAD, pad, _n._ anything stuffed with a soft material, to prevent friction -or pressure, or for filling out: a soft saddle, cushion, &c.: a number of -sheets of paper or other soft material fastened together for writing upon: -the fleshy, thick-skinned under-surface of the toes of many animals, as the -fox: a fox's foot generally: the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant: -(_pl._) thick watered ribbon for watch-guards.--_v.t._ to stuff with -anything soft: to fix colours in cloth:--_pr.p._ pad'ding; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ pad'ded.--_ns._ PAD'-CLOTH, a cloth covering a horse's loins; -PAD'DER, one who pads or cushions; PAD'DING, the soft stuffing of a saddle, -&c.: matter of less value introduced into a book or article in order to -make it of the length desired: the process of mordanting a fabric; -PAD'-EL'EPHANT, a working elephant, distinguished from a war or hunting -one; PAD'-SADD'LE, a treeless, padded saddle; PAD'-TREE, the wooden or -metal frame to which harness-pads are attached. [A variant of _pod_, orig. -sig. 'a bag.'] - -PADDLE, pad'l, _v.i._ to dabble in water with the hands or the feet: to -touch or toy with the fingers: to beat the water as with the feet: to row: -to move in the water as a duck does: (_slang_) to make off.--_v.t._ to move -by means of an oar or paddle: to finger, toy with.--_n._ a short, broad, -spoon-shaped oar, used for moving canoes: the blade of an oar: one of the -boards at the circumference of a paddle-wheel.--_ns._ PADD'LE-BEAM, one of -the large timbers at the side of a paddle-wheel; PADD'LE-BOARD, one of the -floats on the circumference of a paddle-wheel; PADD'LE-BOX, a wooden box -covering the upper part of the paddle-wheel of a steamer; PADD'LER, one who -paddles; PADD'LE-SHAFT, the axle on which the paddle-wheels of a steamer -turn; PADD'LE-WHEEL, the wheel of a steam-vessel, which by turning in the -water causes it to move forward; PADD'LE-WOOD, the light, strong wood of a -Guiana tree of the dogbane family. [For _pattle_, freq. of _pat_.] - -PADDLE, pad'l, _n._ (_B._) a little spade.--_n._ PADD'LE-STAFF, a spade for -clearing a ploughshare. [Prob. from _spaddle_; cf. _Spade_.] - -PADDOCK, pad'uk, _n._ a toad or frog.--_n._ PADD'OCK-STOOL, a toadstool. -[Dim. of M. E. _padde_, a toad--Ice. _padda_.] - -PADDOCK, pad'uk, _n._ a small park under pasture, immediately adjoining the -stables of a domain: a small field in which horses are kept. [A.S. -_pearroc_, a park--_sparran_ (Ger. _sperren_), to shut.] - -PADDY, pad'i, _n._ rice in the husk.--_ns._ PADD'Y-BIRD, the Java sparrow -or rice-bird; PADD'Y-FIELD, a field where rice is grown. [East Ind.] - -PADDY, pad'i, _n._ a familiar name for an Irishman, from St _Patrick:_ a -drill used in boring wells, with cutters that expand on pressure.--_n._ -PADD'Y-WHACK, a nurse's word for a slap. - -PADELLA, pa-del'la, _n._ a shallow vessel filled with fat, in the centre of -which a wick has been placed--used in illuminations. [It., a frying-pan.] - -PADEMELON, pad'[=e]-mel-on, _n._ a brush kangaroo or wallaby.--Also -PAD'YMELON, PAD'DYMELON. - -PADISHAH, p[:a]'di-sha, _n._ chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan -of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. -_p[=a]d_, master, _sh[=a]h_, king; cf. _Pasha_.] - -PADLOCK, pad'lok, _n._ a movable lock with a link turning on a hinge or -pivot at one end, to enable it to pass through a staple or other opening, -and to be pressed down to catch the bolt at the other end.--_v.t._ to -fasten with a padlock. [Prob. prov. Eng. _pad_, a basket, and _lock_.] - -PADMA, pad'ma, _n._ the true lotus. - -PAD-NAG, pad'-nag, _n._ an ambling nag. - -PADRE, p[:a]'dre, _n._ father, a title given to priests in some -countries.--_n._ PADR[=O]'NE, a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who -gets children to beg for him:--_pl._ PADR[=O]'NI. [It. and Sp.,--L. -_pater_, a father.] - -PADUAN, pad'[=u]-an, _adj._ and _n._ belonging to _Padua:_ one of the -clever imitations of old Roman bronze coins made at Padua in the 16th -century: a Spanish dance, the pavan. - -PADUASOY, pad'[=u]-a-soi, _n._ a smooth silk originally manufactured at -_Padua_, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. _soie -de Padoue_.] - -PAEAN, p[=e]'an, _n._ a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour -of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.--_n._ PAE'ON, a foot of four -syllables, one long, three short.--_adj._ PAEON'IC. [L.,--Gr. _Paian_ or -_Pai[=o]n_, an epithet of Apollo.] - -PAEDAGOGY, PAEDAGOGICS, PAEDOBAPTISM, PAEDOBAPTIST. See PEDAGOGY, -PEDAGOGICS, PEDOBAPTISM, PEDOBAPTIST. - -PAENULA, p[=e]'n[=u]-la, _n._ a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen -outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy -weather. - -PAEONIN, p[=e]'[=o]-nin, _n._ a red colouring matter obtained from yellow -coralline. - -PAEONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ Same as PEONY. - -PAFF, paf, _n._ a meaningless word, used with _piff_ to indicate jargon. - -PAGAN, p[=a]'gan, _n._ a heathen: one who does not worship the true -God.--_adj._ heathenish: pertaining to the worship of false gods.--_v.t._ -P[=A]'GANISE, to render pagan or heathen: to convert to paganism.--_adj._ -P[=A]'GANISH, heathenish.--_n._ P[=A]'GANISM, heathenism: the beliefs and -practices of the heathen. [L. _paganus_, a rustic, heathen, because the -country-people were later in becoming Christians than the people of the -towns--_pagus_, a district--_pang[)e]re_, to fix.] - -PAGE, p[=a]j, _n._ a boy attending on a person of distinction: a young lad -employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in -walking.--_n._ PAGE'HOOD, condition of a page. [Fr. _page_; acc. to -Littr['e], prob. from Low L. _pagensis_, a peasant--L. _pagus_, a village; -acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. _paggio_, from -Gr. _paidion_, dim. of _pais_, _paidos_, a boy.] - -PAGE, p[=a]j, _n._ one side of a written or printed leaf--4 pages in a -folio sheet, 8 in a quarto, 16 in an octavo, 24 in a duodecimo, 36 in an -octodecimo: a book, record, or source of knowledge: the type, -illustrations, &c. arranged for printing one side of a leaf: (_pl._) -writings.--_v.t._ to number the pages of.--_adj._ PAG'INAL.--_v.t._ -PAG'IN[=A]TE, to mark with consecutive numbers, to page.--_ns._ -PAGIN[=A]'TION, the act of paging a book: the figures and marks that -indicate the number of pages; P[=A]'GING, the marking or numbering of the -pages of a book. [Fr.,--L. _pagina_, a thing fastened--_pang[)e]re_, to -fasten.] - -PAGEANT, paj'ant, or p[=a]'-, _n._ a showy exhibition: a spectacle: a -fleeting show: (_orig._) a platform on four wheels for the purpose of -representing plays, &c.--_adj._ showy: pompous.--_n._ PAGE'ANTRY, splendid -display: pompous spectacle. [M. E. _pagent_ (with excrescent _-t_), from an -older form _pagen_ or _pagin_--Low L. _pagina_, a stage--L. _pagina_, a -slab--_pang[)e]re_, to fix; cf. _Page_ (2).] - -PAGODA, pa-g[=o]'da, _n._ an idol-house: an Indian idol: its temple: a gold -coin formerly current in India, so called because the figure of a pagoda -was stamped upon it--also PAGODE'.--_n._ PAG[=O]'DITE, the mineral which -the Chinese carve into figures of pagodas, &c. [Port., a corr. of Pers. -_but-kadah_, an idol-temple.] - -PAGODE, pa-g[=o]d', _n._ a funnel-shaped sleeve worn by both sexes in the -first half of the 18th century. - -PAGUS, p[=a]'gus, _n._ a country district with scattered hamlets, also its -fortified centre: among the early Teutons, a division of the territory -larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred. - -PAH, p[:a], _interj._ an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust. - -PAHLAVI. Same as PEHLEVI. - -PAID, p[=a]d, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of pay. - -PAIDEUTICS, p[=a]-d[=u]'tiks, _n.sing._ the science or theory of -teaching.--_n._ PAIDOL'OGY, the scientific study of the child. [Gr. -_paideutikos_--_paideuein_, to teach--_pais_, _paidos_, a child.] - -PAIGLE, PAGLE, p[=a]'gl, _n._ (_obs._) the cowslip or primrose. - -PAIK, p[=a]k, _n._ (_Scot._) a beating. - -PAIL, p[=a]l, _n._ an open vessel of wood, &c., for holding or carrying -liquids.--_n._ PAIL'FUL, as much as fills a pail. [O. Fr. _paile_, -_paele_--L. _patella_, a pan, dim. of _patera_--_pat[=e]re_, to be open.] - -PAILLASSE, pa-lyas', _n._ a small bed, originally made of chaff or straw: -an under mattress of straw.--_n._ PAILLASSON (pa-lya-song'), a form of -straw bonnet. [Fr.,--_paille_, straw--L. _palea_, chaff.] - -PAILLETTE, pa-lyet', _n._ a piece of metal or coloured foil used in -enamel-painting: a sponge.--_n._ PAILLON (pa-lyong'), a bright metal -backing for enamel, &c. [Fr.] - -PAIN, p[=a]n, _n._ suffering coming as the punishment of evil-doing: -suffering either of body or mind: anguish: great care or trouble taken in -doing anything: (_pl._) labour: care: trouble: the throes of -childbirth.--_v.t._ to cause suffering to: to distress: to torment: to -grieve.--_adjs._ PAINED, showing or expressing pain: (_B._) in pain, in -labour; PAIN'FUL, full of pain: causing pain: requiring labour, pain, or -care: (_arch._) hard-working, painstaking: distressing: difficult.--_adv._ -PAIN'FULLY.--_n._ PAIN'FULNESS.--_adj._ PAIN'LESS, without pain.--_adv._ -PAIN'LESSLY.--_ns._ PAIN'LESSNESS; PAINS'TAKER, one who takes pains or -care: a laborious worker.--_adj._ PAINS'TAKING, taking pains or care: -laborious: diligent.--_n._ careful labour: diligence.--UNDER PAIN OF, -subject to the penalty of. [Fr. _peine_--L. _poena_, satisfaction--Gr. -_poin[=e]_, penalty.] - -PAINIM, p[=a]'nim. See PAYNIM. - -PAINT, p[=a]nt, _v.t._ to cover over with colour: to represent in a -coloured picture: to describe in words: to adorn.--_v.i._ to practise -painting: to lay colours on the face, to blush: (__slang__) to -tipple.--_n._ a colouring substance: anything fixed with caoutchouc to -harden it.--_adj._ PAINT'ABLE, that may be painted.--_ns._ PAINT'-BOX, a -box in which different paints are kept in compartments; PAINT'-BRIDGE, a -platform used by theatrical scene-painters in painting scenery; -PAINT'-BRUSH, a brush for putting on paint.--_adj._ PAINT'ED, covered with -paint: ornamented with coloured figures: marked with bright colours.--_ns._ -PAINT'ED-GRASS, ribbon-grass; PAINT'ED-L[=A]'DY, the thistle-butterfly, -orange-red spotted with white and black; PAINT'ER, one whose employment is -to paint: one skilled in painting; PAINT'ER'S-COL'IC, lead colic; -PAINT'ER-STAIN'ER, one who paints coats of arms, &c.; PAINT'INESS; -PAINT'ING, the act or employment of laying on colours: the act of -representing objects by colours: a picture: vivid description in words; -PAINT'[=U]RE (_Dryden_), the art of painting: a picture.--_adj._ PAINT'Y, -overloaded with paint, with the colours too glaringly used: smeared with -paint.--PAINT THE TOWN RED (_U.S._), to break out in a boisterous spree. -[O. Fr., pa.p. of Fr. _peindre_, to paint--L. _ping[)e]re_, _pictum_, to -paint.] - -PAINTER, p[=a]nt'[.e]r, _n._ a rope used to fasten a boat.--CUT THE -PAINTER, to set adrift; LAZY PAINTER, a small painter for use in fine -weather only. [A corr. of M. E. _panter_, a fowler's noose, through O. Fr. -from L. _panther_, a hunting-net--Gr. _panth[=e]ros_, catching all--_pan_, -neut. of _pas_, every, _th[=e]r_, wild beast.] - -PAIR, p[=a]r, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to impair. - -PAIR, p[=a]r, _n._ two things equal, or suited to each other, or used -together: a set of two equal or like things forming one instrument, as a -pair of scissors, tongs, &c., a set of like things generally: in building, -a flight of stairs: a couple: a man and his wife: two members of a -legislative body, holding opposite opinions, who agree with each other to -abstain from voting for a certain time, so as to permit one or both to be -absent.--_v.t._ to join in couples.--_v.i._ to be joined in couples: to fit -as a counterpart.--_adj._ PAIRED, arranged in pairs: set by twos of a like -kind: mated.--_ns._ PAIR'ING, an agreement between two members of a -legislative body holding opposite opinions to refrain from voting, so that -both may absent themselves; PAIR'ING-TIME, the time when birds go together -in pairs; PAIR'-ROY'AL, three cards of the same denomination, esp. in -cribbage.--_adv._ PAIR'-WISE, in pairs.--PAIR OF COLOURS, two flags carried -by a regiment, one the national ensign, the other the flag of the regiment; -PAIR OFF (see PAIRING above). [Fr. _paire_, a couple--_pair_, like--L. -_par_, equal.] - -PAIS, p[=a], _n._ the people from whom a jury is drawn.--MATTER-IN-PAIS, -matter of fact. [O. Fr.] - -PAISE, p[=a]z, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as POISE. - -PAITRICK, p[=a]'trik, _n._ (_Scot._) a partridge. - -PAJAMAS. See PYJAMAS. - -PAJOCK, p[:a]'jok, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as PEACOCK. - -PAKTONG, pak'tong, _n._ the Chinese name for German silver.--Also -PACK'FONG, PAK'FONG. [Chin.] - -PAL, pal, _n._ (_slang_) a partner, mate. [Gipsy.] - -PALABRA, pa-l[:a]'bra, _n._ talk, palaver. [Sp., a word.] - -PALACE, pal'[=a]s, _n._ the house of a king or a queen: a very large and -splendid house: a bishop's official residence.--_n._ PAL'ACE-CAR, a -sumptuously furnished railway-car. [Fr. _palais_--L. _Palatium_, the Roman -emperor's residence on the _Palatine_ Hill at Rome.] - -PALADIN, pal'a-din, _n._ one of the twelve peers of Charlemagne's -household: a knight-errant, or paragon of knighthood. [Fr.,--It. -_paladino_--L. _palatinus_, belonging to the palace. Cf. _Palatine_.] - -PALAEARCTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the northern part of -the Old World.--PALAEARCTIC REGION, a great division embracing Europe, -Africa north of the Atlas, and Asia north of the Himalaya. - -PALAEICHTHYOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ik-th[=i]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the branch of -ichthyology which treats of fossil fishes. - -PALAEOBOTANY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-bot'a-ni, _n._ the science or study of -fossil plants.--_adj._ PALAEOBOTAN'ICAL.--_n._ PALAEOBOT'ANIST. - -PALAEOCRYSTIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-kris'tik, _adj._ consisting of ancient ice. - -PALAEOGRAPHY, PALEOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-og'ra-fi, _n._ ancient modes of -writing: study of ancient writings and modes of writing.--_n._ -PALAEOG'RAPHER, one skilled in palaeography.--_adjs._ PALAEOGRAPH'IC, -AL, -of or pertaining to palaeography.--_n._ PALAEOG'RAPHIST. [Gr. _palaios_, -ancient, _graphein_, to write.] - -PALAEOLITHIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the time -when early stone implements were used: the first half of the stone -age.--_n._ PALAEOL'ITH, a rude stone implement or object of the earlier -stone age. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _lithos_, a stone.] - -PALAEOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ a discourse or treatise on -antiquities: archaeology.--_n._ PALAEOL'OGIST, one versed in palaeology: a -student of antiquity. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _logia_, discourse.] - -PALAEONTOGRAPHY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the description of fossil -remains.--_adj._ PALAEONTOGRAPH'ICAL, pertaining to palaeontography. [Gr. -_palaios_, ancient, _onta_, existences, _graphein_, to write.] - -PALAEONTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-on-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the ancient -life of the earth: description of fossil remains: archaeology.--_adj._ -PALAEONTOLOG'ICAL, belonging to palaeontology.--_n._ PALAEONTOL'OGIST, one -versed in palaeontology. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _onta_, existences, -_logia_, discourse.] - -PALAEOPHYTOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ palaeobotany. - -PALAEOSAURUS, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-saw'rus, _n._ a genus of fossil saurian -reptiles belonging to the Permian period. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, -_sauros_, lizard.] - -PALAEOTHERIUM, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-th[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of fossil -pachydermatous mammalia in the Eocene beds. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, -_th[=e]rion_, a wild beast.] - -PALAEOZOIC, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting the lowest division -of the fossiliferous rocks, so called because they contain the earliest -forms of life. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, _zo[=e]_, life.] - -PALAEOZOOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ geologic -zoology.--_adjs._ PALAEOZOOLOG'IC, -AL. - -PALAETIOLOGY, p[=a]-l[=e]-ti-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science which explains -past conditions by the law of causation.--_adj._ PALAETIOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ -PALAETIOL'OGIST. - -PALAMA, pal'a-ma, _n._ the webbing of the toes of a bird:--_pl._ -PAL'AMAE.--_adj._ PAL'AM[=A]TE. [Gr. _palam[=e]_.] - -PALAMPORE, pal'am-p[=o]r, _n._ a flowered chintz bedcover common in the -East.--Also PAL'EMPORE. [Prob. from the Ind. town of _Palamp[=u]r_.] - -PALANQUIN, PALANKEEN, pal-an-k[=e]n', _n._ a light covered carriage used -in India, &c., for a single person, and borne on the shoulders of men. -[Hind. _palang_, a bed--Sans. _palyanka_, a bed.] - -PALAPTERYX, pal-ap't[.e]r-iks, _n._ a genus of fossil birds found in New -Zealand, resembling the Apteryx. [Gr. _palaios_, ancient, and _apteryx_.] - -PALAS, pal'as, _n._ a small bushy Punjab bean, yielding a kind of kino, -Butea gum. - -PALATE, pal'[=a]t, _n._ the roof of the mouth, consisting of two portions, -the hard palate in front and the soft palate behind: taste: relish: mental -liking.--_v.t._ to taste.--_adj._ PAL'ATABLE, agreeable to the palate or -taste: savoury.--_n._ PAL'ATABLENESS, the quality of being agreeable to the -taste.--_adv._ PAL'ATABLY.--_adj._ PAL'ATAL, pertaining to the palate: -uttered by aid of the palate--also PAL'ATINE.--_n._ a letter pronounced -chiefly by aid of the palate, as _k_, _g_, _e_, _i_.--_v.t._ PAL'ATALISE, -to make palatal.--_adj._ PALAT'IC.--CLEFT PALATE, a congenital defect of -the palate, leaving a longitudinal fissure in the roof of the mouth. [O. -Fr. _palat_--L. _palatum_.] - -PALATIAL, pa-l[=a]'shi-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to a palace: resembling -a palace: royal: magnificent. - -PALATINE, pal'a-tin, _adj._ pertaining to a palace, originally applied to -officers of the royal household: possessing royal privileges.--_n._ a noble -invested with royal privileges: a subject of a palatinate.--_n._ -PALAT'INATE, office or rank of a palatine: province of a palatine, esp. an -electorate of the ancient German Empire.--COUNT PALATINE, a feudal lord -with supreme judicial authority over a province; COUNTY PALATINE, the -province of a count palatine. [Fr.,--L. _palatinus._ Cf. _Palace._] - -PALAVER, pa-lav'[.e]r, _n._ talk or conversation, esp. idle talk: talk -intended to deceive: a public conference: in Africa, a talk with the -natives.--_v.i._ to use conversation: to flatter: to talk idly.--_n._ -PALAV'ERER. [Port. _palavra_--L. _parabola_, a parable.] - -PALAY, pa-l[=a]', _n._ a small S. Indian tree of the dogbane family, with -hard white wood.--Also _Ivory-tree_. - -PALE, p[=a]l, _n._ a narrow piece of wood driven into the ground for use in -enclosing grounds: anything that encloses or fences in: any enclosed field -or space: limit: district: a broad stripe from top to bottom of a shield in -heraldry.--_v.t._ to enclose with stakes: to encompass.--_n._ -PALIFIC[=A]'TION, act of strengthening by stakes.--_adj._ -PAL'IFORM.--ENGLISH PALE, the district in Ireland within which alone the -English had power for centuries after the invasion in 1172. [Fr. _pal_--L. -_palus_, a stake.] - -PALE, p[=a]l, _adj._ somewhat white in colour: not ruddy or fresh: wan: of -a faint lustre, dim: light in colour.--_v.t._ to make pale.--_v.i._ to turn -pale.--_ns._ PALE'-ALE, a light-coloured pleasant bitter ale; PALE'BUCK, an -antelope, the oribi.--_adj._ PALE'-EYED (_Shak._), having the eyes -dimmed.--_n._ PALE'-FACE, a white person.--_adj._ PALE'-HEART'ED (_Shak._), -dispirited.--_adv._ PALE'LY.--_n._ PALE'NESS.--_adjs._ PALE'-VIS'AGED -(_Shak._), having no colour in the face; P[=A]'LISH, somewhat pale. -[Fr.,--L. _pallidus_, pale.] - -PALEA, p[=a]'l[=e]-a, _n._ (_bot._) a chaffy bract at the base of the -florets in many _Compositae_, also one of the inner scales of a -grass-flower opposite the flowering glume: the throat-wattle, as in -turkeys:--_pl._ P[=A]'LEAE.--_adj._ PALE[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._), resembling, -consisting of, or furnished with chaff: chaffy. [L. _palea_, chaff.] - -PALEOTYPE, p[=a]'l[=e]-[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a system of spelling invented by -A. J. Ellis, according to which all spoken sounds can be represented by the -letters in common use, some of them being used upside down as well as in -the usual way, to express varieties of sound. - -PALES, p[=a]'l[=e]z, _n._ an ancient Roman divinity of flocks.--_n._ -PALIL'IA, the festival of Pales, held on April 21, the traditional date of -the founding of Rome. - -PALESTINIAN, pal-es-tin'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Palestine_.--PALESTINE -SOUP (see ARTICHOKE). - -PALESTRA, p[=a]-les'tra, _n._ a wrestling school: the exercise of -wrestling: any training school: academic oratory.--_adjs._ PALES'TRAL, -PALES'TRIAN, PALES'TRIC, -AL, pertaining to wrestling: athletic. [L.,--Gr. -_palaistra_--_pal[=e]_, wrestling.] - -PALETOT, pal'e-t[=o], _n._ a loose overcoat. [Fr.] - -PALETTE, pal'et, _n._ a little oval board on which a painter mixes his -colours: the special arrangement of colours for any particular picture: a -plate against which a person presses his breast to give force to a drill -worked by the hand: a small plate covering a joint in armour.--_n._ -PAL'ETTE-KNIFE, a thin round-pointed knife for mixing colours on the -grinding slab. [Fr.,--It. _paletta_--_pala_, spade--L. _pala_, a spade.] - -PALFREY, pal'fri, _n._ a saddle-horse, esp. for a lady.--_adj._ PAL'FREYED, -riding on, or supplied with, a palfrey. [Fr. _palefroi_--Low L. -_paraveredus_, prob. from Gr. _para_, beside, Low L. _veredus_, a -post-horse--L. _veh[)e]re_, to draw, _rheda_, a carriage.] - -PALI, p[:a]'l[=e], _n._ the sacred language of the Buddhists of eastern -India, closely allied to Sanskrit. - -PALILLOGY, p[=a]-lil'[=o]-ji, _n._ a repetition of a word or phrase. [Gr. -_palillogia_--_palin_, again, _legein_, to say.] - -PALIMPSEST, pal'imp-sest, _n._ a manuscript which has been written upon -twice, the first writing having been rubbed off to make room for the -second: an engraved brass plate, with a new inscription on the reverse -side. [Gr. _palimps[=e]ston_--_palin_, again, _ps[=e]stos_, rubbed.] - -PALINAL, pal'i-nal, _adj._ moving backward. [Gr. _palin_.] - -PALINDROME, pal'in-dr[=o]m, _n._ a word, verse, or sentence that reads the -same either backward or forward, as Adam's first words to Eve: 'Madam, I'm -Adam.'--_adjs._ PALINDROM'IC, -AL.--_n._ PAL'INDROMIST, an inventor of -palindromes. [Gr. _palindromia_--_palin_, back, _dromos_, a running.] - -PALING, p[=a]l'ing, _n._ pales collectively: a fence. - -PALINGENESIS, pal-in-jen'e-sis, _n._ a new birth or a second creation: -regeneration: the development of an individual germ in which it repeats -that of its ancestors: the recurrence of historical events in the same -order in an infinite series of cycles--also PAL'INGENY, -PALING[=E]'SIA.--_adj._ PALINGET'IC.--_adv._ PALINGET'ICALLY. [Gr. _palin_, -again, _genesis_, birth.] - -PALINODE, pal'i-n[=o]d, _n._ a poem retracting a former one: a -recantation.--_adjs._ PALIN[=O]'DIAL, PALINOD'IC.--_n._ PAL'IN[=O]DIST, a -writer of palinodes. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr.,--_palin_, back, _[=o]d[=e]_, song.] - -PALISADE, pal-i-s[=a]d' _n._ a fence of pointed pales or stakes firmly -fixed in the ground.--_v.t._ to surround with a palisade.--Also -PALIS[=A]'DO:--_pl._ PALIS[=A]'DOES. [Fr.,--L. _palus_, a stake.] - -PALISANDER, pal-i-san'd[.e]r, _n._ rosewood. [Fr.] - -PALISS['E]E, pal-i-s[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) battlemented, the indentations -pointing both up and down. [Fr.] - -PALKEE, pal'k[=e], _n._ a palanquin.--_n._ PAL'KEE-GHAR'RY, a wheeled -vehicle like a palanquin. [Hind.] - -PALL, pawl, _n._ a cloak or mantle, an outer garment: a chalice-cover: -(_her._) a Y-shaped bearing charged with crosses _patt['e] fitch['e]_, as -in the arms of the see of Canterbury--sometimes reversed: a pallium (q.v.): -a curtain or covering: the cloth over a coffin at a funeral: that which -brings deep sorrow.--_n._ PALL'-BEAR'ER, one of the mourners at a funeral -who used to hold up the corners of the pall. [A.S. _paell_, purple -cloth--L. _palla_, a mantle; cf. _Pallium_, a cloak.] - -PALL, pawl, _v.i._ to become vapid, insipid, or wearisome.--_v.t._ to make -vapid: to dispirit or depress. [W. _pallu_, to fail, _pall_, failure.] - -PALLADIAN, pa-l[=a]'di-an, _adj._ in the style of architecture introduced -by Andrea _Palladio_ (1518-80), modelled on Vitruvius, its faults a -superfluity of pilasters and columns, broken entablatures, and -inappropriate ornament.--_n._ PALL[=A]'DIANISM. - -PALLADIUM, pal-l[=a]'di-um, _n._ a statue of _Pallas_, on the preservation -of which the safety of ancient Troy depended: any safeguard: a rare metal -in colour and ductility resembling platinum.--_adj._ PALL[=A]'DIAN.--_v.t._ -PALL[=A]'DIUMISE, to coat with palladium. [L.,--Gr. _palladion_--_Pallas_, -_Pallados_, Pallas.] - -PALLAH, pal'a, _n._ a small African antelope. - -PALLAS, pal'as, _n._ the Greek goddess of wisdom and war--the Roman -Minerva.--Also PALLAS ATHENE. - -PALLESCENCE, pal-les'ens, _n._ paleness. - -PALLET, pal'et, _n._ a palette: the tool used by potters for shaping their -wares: an instrument for spreading gold-leaf: a tool used in lettering the -backs of books: one of the points moved by the pendulum of a clock which -check the motion of the escape or balance wheel: a disc in the endless -chain of a chain-pump: a ballast-locker in a ship: a valve by which the -admission of air from the bellows to an organ-pipe may be regulated from -the keyboard: a board for carrying newly moulded bricks. [_Palette_.] - -PALLET, pal'et, _n._ a mattress, or couch, properly a mattress of straw. -[Prov. Fr. _paillet_, dim. of Fr. _paille_, straw--L. _palea_, chaff.] - -PALLIAL, pal'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a pallium.--_n._ PALL'IAMENT -(_Shak._), a robe. - -PALLIASSE, pa-lyas', _n._ Same as PAILLASSE. - -PALLIATE, pal'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to cover, excuse, extenuate: to soften by -pleading something in favour of: to mitigate.--_n._ PALLI[=A]'TION, act of -palliating: extenuation: mitigation.--_adj._ PALL'I[=A]TIVE, serving to -extenuate: mitigating.--_n._ that which lessens pain, disease, &c.--_adj._ -PALL'I[=A]TORY. [L. _palli[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to cloak--_pallium_, a -cloak.] - -PALLID, pal'id, _adj._ pale, wan.--_ns._ PALLID'ITY, PALL'IDNESS.--_adv._ -PALL'IDLY. [L. _pallidus_, pale.] - -PALLIUM, pal'i-um, _n._ a large, square mantle, worn by learned Romans in -imitation of the Greeks: an annular white woollen band, embroidered with -black crosses, worn by the Pope, and on some occasions by archbishops, to -whom it is granted: (_ornith._) the mantle:--_pl._ PALL'IA.--_adj._ -PALL'IAL. [L.] - -PALL-MALL, pel-mel', _n._ an old game, in which a ball was driven through -an iron ring with a mallet: an alley where the game used to be played, -hence the street in London.--_adv._ in pall-mall fashion. [O. Fr. -_pale-maille_--Old It. _palamaglio_--_palla_--Old High Ger. _pall['a]_ -(Ger. _ball_, Eng. _ball_), and _maglio_--L. _malleus_, a hammer.] - -PALLOMETRIC, pal-o-met'rik, _adj._ pertaining to the measurement of -artificial vibrations in the earth's surface. [Gr. _pallein_, to shake, -_metron_, a measure.] - -PALLONE, p[:a]l-l[=o]'n[=a], _n._ a game like tennis played with a ball, -which is struck by the arm covered by a guard. [It.] - -PALLOR, pal'or, _n._ quality or state of being pallid or pale: paleness. -[L.,--_pall[=e]re_, to be pale.] - -PALM, p[:a]m, _n._ the inner part of the hand: a measure of length equal to -the breadth of the hand, or to its length from wrist to finger-tip: a -measure of 3 and sometimes of 4 inches: that which covers the palm: the -fluke of an anchor: the flattened portion of an antler.--_v.t._ to stroke -with the palm or hand: to conceal in the palm of the hand: (esp. with -_off_, and _on_, or _upon_) to impose by fraud.--_n._ PAL'MA, the palm: the -enlarged proximal joint of the fore tarsus of a bee.--_adjs._ PAL'MAR, -Y, -relating to the palm of the hand; PAL'M[=A]TE, -D, shaped like the palm of -the hand: (_bot._) divided into sections, the midribs of which run to a -common centre: entirely webbed, as the feet of a duck.--_adv._ -PAL'M[=A]TELY.--_adjs._ PALMAT'IFID (_bot._), shaped like the hand, with -the divisions extending half-way, or slightly more, down the leaf; -PALMAT'IFORM, shaped like an open palm; PALMED, having palms. [Fr. -_paume_--L. _palma_, the palm of the hand; Gr. _palam[=e]_.] - -PALM, p[:a]m, _n._ a tropical, branchless tree of many varieties, bearing -at the summit large leaves like the palm of the hand: a leaf of this tree -borne in token of rejoicing or of victory: (_fig._) triumph or -victory.--_adjs._ PALM[=A]'CEOUS, belonging to the order of palm-trees; -PALM[=A]'RIAN, PAL'MARY, worthy of the palm: pre-eminent.--_ns._ -PALM'-BUTT'ER, palm-oil; PALM'ERY, a place for growing palms; PALM'HOUSE, a -glass house for raising palms and other tropical plants.--_adjs._ -PALMIF'EROUS, producing palm-trees; PALMIT'IC, pertaining to, or obtained -from, palm-oil.--_ns._ PAL'MITINE, a white fat, usually occurring, when -crystallised from ether, in the form of scaly crystals--abundant in -palm-oil; PALM'-OIL, an oil or fat obtained from the pulp of the fruit of -palms, esp. of the oil-palm, allied to the coco-nut palm: (_slang_) a bribe -or tip; PALM'-S[=U]'GAR, jaggery; PALM'-SUN'DAY, the Sunday before Easter, -in commemoration of the day on which our Saviour entered Jerusalem, when -palm-branches were strewed in His way by the people; PALM'-WINE, the -fermented sap of certain palms.--_adj._ PALM'Y, bearing palms: flourishing: -victorious.--PALMA CHRISTI, the castor-oil plant. [A.S. from L., as above.] - -PALMER, p[:a]m'[.e]r, _n._ a pilgrim from the Holy Land, distinguished by -his carrying a branch of palm: a cheat at cards or dice.--_ns._ PAL'MERIN, -any medieval knightly hero, from the Palmerin romances, the original hero -_Palmerin_ de Oliva; PALM'ER-WORM (_B._), a hairy worm which wanders like a -palmer, devouring leaves, &c. - -PALMETTE, pal'met, _n._ an ornament, somewhat like a palm-leaf, cut or -painted on mouldings, &c. [Fr.] - -PALMETTO, pal-met'[=o], _n._ a name for several fan-palms, esp. the -cabbage-palm of Florida, &c.: a hat made of palmetto-leaves. [Sp.,--L. -_palma_.] - -PALMIGRADE, pal'mi-gr[=a]d, _adj._ noting animals that walk on the sole of -the foot and not merely on the toes: plantigrade. [L. _palma_, palm, -_gradi_, to walk.] - -PALMIPED, pal'mi-p[=e]d, _adj._ web-footed.--_n._ a web-footed or swimming -bird:--_pl._ PALMIP'EDES (-[=e]z). [L. _palma_, palm of the hand, _pes_, -_pedis_, the foot.] - -PALMIST, pal'mist, or p[:a]'mist, _n._ one who tells fortunes by the lines -and marks of the palm--also PAL'MISTER (or p[:a]'-).--_n._ PAL'MISTRY (or -p[:a]'-), the practice of telling fortunes by the lines, &c., of the palm. - -PALMYRA, pal-m[=i]'ra, _n._ an East Indian palm furnishing the greater part -of the palm-wine of India (_Toddy_).--_adj._ and _n._ PALMYRENE', -pertaining to the ancient Syrian city of _Palmyra_ or Tadmor. - -PALOLO, pa-l[=o]'l[=o], _n._ an edible annelid allied to the lugworm, found -near Polynesian coral-reefs. - -PALP, palp, _n._ a jointed sensiferous organ attached in pairs to the -labium or maxilla of insects, and thus distinguished from antennae, which -are on the top of the head--also PAL'PUS:--_pl._ PAL'PI.--_adjs._ PAL'PAL; -PALPED; PAL'PIFORM; PALPIG'EROUS, bearing palpi; PALP'LESS.--_n._ -PAL'P[=U]LUS, a little palp. [Low L. _palpus_--L. _palp[=a]re_, to stroke.] - -PALPABLE, pal'pa-bl, _adj._ that can be touched or felt: easily perceived -or found out, as lies, &c.: looking as if it might be touched or felt: -obvious, gross.--_ns._ PALPABIL'ITY, PAL'PABLENESS, quality of being -palpable: obviousness.--_adv._ PAL'PABLY.--_v.t._ PAL'P[=A]TE, to examine -by touch.--_n._ PALP[=A]'TION, the act of examining by means of touch. -[Fr.,--L. _palpabilis_--_palp[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to touch softly.] - -PALPEBRAL, pal'pe-bral, _adj._ of or pertaining to the eyelids.--_adjs._ -PAL'PEBR[=A]TE, having eyebrows; PAL'PEBROUS, having heavy eyebrows. [L. -_palpebra_, the eyelid.] - -PALPIFER, pal'pi-f[.e]r, _n._ an outer lobe of the maxilla.--_adj._ -PALPIF'EROUS. - -PALPITATE, pal'pi-t[=a]t, _v.i._ to move often and quickly: to beat -rapidly: to throb: to pulsate.--_adj._ PAL'PITANT (_arch._), -palpitating.--_n._ PALPIT[=A]'TION, act of palpitating: irregular action of -the heart, caused by excitement, excessive exertion, or disease. [L. -_palpit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, freq. of _palp[=a]re_. Cf. _Palpable_.] - -PALSGRAVE, palz'gr[=a]v, _n._ one who has charge of a royal household: one -of a special order of nobility, esp. one of the hereditary rulers of the -Palatinate:--_fem._ PALS'GRAVINE. - -PALSTAFF, pal'staf, _n._ an old Celtic and Scandinavian weapon--a wedge of -stone or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan.,--Ice. _p['a]lstafr_.] - -PALSY, pawl'zi, _n._ a loss of power or of feeling, more or less complete, -in the muscles of the body: paralysis.--_v.t._ to affect with palsy: to -deprive of action or energy: to paralyse:--_pa.p._ pal'sied. [Fr. -_paralysie_--Gr. _paralysis_. Cf. _Paralysis_.] - -PALTER, pawl't[.e]r, _v.i._ to trifle in talk: to use trickery: to dodge: -to shuffle: to equivocate.--_n._ PAL'TERER. [Prob. conn. with _paltry_.] - -PALTRY, pawl'tri, _adj._ mean: vile: worthless.--_adv._ PAL'TRILY.--_n._ -PAL'TRINESS. [Teut.; Dan. _pialter_, rags, Low Ger. _paltrig_, ragged.] - -PALUDAL, pal'[=u]-dal, _adj._ pertaining to marshes: marshy--also -PAL'[=U]DINE, PAL[=U]'DINOUS, PAL'[=U]DOSE, PALUS'TRAL, PALUS'TRINE.--_n._ -PAL'UDISM, marsh poisoning. [L. _palus_, _paludis_, a marsh.] - -PALUDAMENTUM, p[=a]-l[=u]-da-men'tum, _n._ a military cloak worn by a Roman -Imperator, or by members of his staff.--Also PAL[=U]'DAMENT. [L.] - -PALY, p[=a]'li, _adj._ pale: wanting colour: (_her._) divided by pales into -equal parts. - -PAM, pam, _n._ the knave of clubs at loo. - -PAMPAS, pam'paz, _n.pl._ vast plains, without trees, in South America, -south of the Amazon--north of that river they are called _llanos_.--_n._ -PAM'PAS-GRASS, a tall, ornamental, reed-like grass with large thick silvery -panicles.--_adj._ PAM'P[=E]AN. - -PAMPER, pam'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to feed with fine food: to gratify to the full: -to glut.--_ns._ PAM'PEREDNESS; PAM'PERER. [A freq. from _pamp_, a nasalised -form of _pap_; cf. Low Ger. _pampen_--_pampe_, pap.] - -PAMPERO, pam-p[=a]'ro, _n._ a violent south-west wind which sweeps over the -pampas of South America. [Sp.,--_pampa_, a plain.] - -PAMPHLET, pam'flet, _n._ a small book consisting of one or more sheets -stitched together, but not bound: a short essay on some interesting -subject.--_n._ PAMPHLETEER', a writer of pamphlets.--_p.adj._ -PAMPHLETEER'ING, writing pamphlets.--_n._ the practice of writing -pamphlets. [Ety. dub.; acc. to Skeat, perh. through Fr. from _Pamphila_, a -1st cent. female writer of epitomes; others suggest Fr. _paume_, the palm -of the hand, and _feuillet_, a leaf.] - -PAMPHRACT, pam'frakt, _adj._ (_rare_) protected completely, as by a coat of -mail. [Gr. _pam_, _pan_, all, _phraktos_--_phrassein_, to fence in.] - -PAMPHYSICAL, pam-fiz'ik-al, _adj._ pertaining to nature regarded as -embracing all things. - -PAMPINIFORM, pam-pin'i-form, _adj._ curling like the tendril of a vine. [L. -_pampinus_, a tendril.] - -PAMPLEGIA, pam-pl[=e]'ji-a, _n._ general paralysis. [Gr. _pan_, all, -_pl[=e]g[=e]_, a blow.] - -PAN, pan, _n._ a broad, shallow vessel for domestic use, or for use in the -arts or manufactures: anything resembling a pan in shape, as the upper part -of the skull: the part of a firelock which holds the priming.--_v.t._ to -treat with the panning process, as earth, or to separate by shaking the -auriferous earth with water in a pan: to obtain in any way, to secure: to -cook and serve in a pan.--_v.i._ to yield gold: to appear, as gold, in a -pan: to turn out well, according to expectation: to try to find gold with -the pan process.--PAN OUT, to yield or afford, to result; PANNED OUT -(_U.S._), exhausted, bankrupt.--FLASH IN THE PAN, to flash and go out -suddenly, not igniting the charge--of the powder in the pan of a flint-lock -firearm: to fail after a fitful effort, to give up without accomplishing -anything; HARD-PAN (see HARD). [A.S. _panne_--prob. through the Celt., from -Low L. _panna_--L. _patina_, a basin.] - -PAN, pan, _n._ the Greek god of pastures, flocks, and woods, worshipped in -Arcadia, and fond of music--with goat's legs and feet, and sometimes horns -and ears.--_n._ PAN'S'-PIPES (see PANDEAN). - -PANACEA, pan-a-s[=e]'a, _n._ a universal medicine: (_bot._) the plant -Allheal (_Valeriana officinalis_). [Gr. _panakeia_--_pas_, _pan_, all, -_akos_, cure.] - -PANACHE, pa-nash', _n._ a plume of feathers, used as a head-dress. [Fr.] - -PANADA, pa-n[:a]'da, _n._ a dish made by boiling bread to a pulp in water, -with sweetening and flavour: a batter for forcemeats. [Sp.] - -PANAESTHESIA, pan-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ common sensation, as distinct from -special sensations or sense-perceptions.--_n._ PANSAES'THETISM. - -PANAGIA, pa-n[=a]'ji-a, _n._ an epithet of the Virgin in the Eastern -Church: an ornament worn hanging on the breast by Russian bishops--also -PAN[=A]'GHIA.--_n._ PANAGI[=A]'RION, a paten on which the loaf is placed, -used in the 'elevation of the _Panagia_.' [Gr., 'all holy,' _pas_, all, -_hagios_, holy.] - -PAN-AMERICAN, pan-a-mer'i-kan, _adj._ including all the divisions of -America collectively. - -PAN-ANGLICAN, pan-ang'gli-kan, _adj._ representing or including all -Christians everywhere who hold the doctrines and polity of the Anglican -Church. - -PANARITIUM, pan-a-rish'i-um, _n._ suppurative inflammation in a -finger--same as _whitlow_. - -PANARTHRITIS, pan-[:a]r-thr[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation involving all the -structures of a joint. - -PANARY, pan'a-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to bread.--_n._ a storehouse for -bread: a pantry. [L. _panis_, bread.] - -PANATHENAEA, pan-ath-[=e]-n[=e]'a, _n.pl._ the chief national festival of -ancient Athens--the lesser held annually, the greater every fourth -year.--_adjs._ PANATHENAE'AN, PANATHEN[=A]'IC. [Gr.] - -PANAX, pa-naks', _n._ a genus of shrubs with radiately or pinnately -compound leaves and small flowers in compound umbels, the ginseng. [Gr., -'all healing.'] - -PANCAKE, pan'k[=a]k, _n._ a thin cake of eggs, flour, sugar, and milk fried -in a pan.--_n._ PAN'CAKE-ICE, thin ice forming in smooth water.--PANCAKE -TUESDAY, Shrove Tuesday. - -PANCH, panch, _n._ a thick mat made of strands of rope, used in ships in -places to prevent chafing.--Also PAUNCH. - -PANCHATANTRA, pan-ch[:a]-t[:a]nt'r[:a], _n._ the oldest extant collection -of apologues and stories in Sanskrit literature, arranged in five books. - -PANCHEON, pan'chon, _n._ a coarse earthenware pan.--Also PANCH'IN. -[_Pannikin._] - -PANCLASTITE, pan-klas't[=i]t, _n._ an explosive substance of slightly less -strength than dynamite, formed of a preparation of nitrogen and carbon. -[Gr. _pan_, all, _klastos_, broken, _klaein_, to break.] - -PANCRATIUM, pan-kr[=a]'ti-um, _n._ a contest of boxing and wrestling -combined.--_adjs._ PANCR[=A]'TIAN, PANCRAT'IC.--_ns._ PANCR[=A]'TIAST, -PAN'CRATIST. [Gr. _pan_, all, _kratos_, strength.] - -PANCREAS, pan'kr[=e]-as, _n._ a conglomerate gland, lying transversely -across the posterior wall of the abdomen, secreting the pancreatic juice -which pours with the bile into the digestive system.--_adj._ PANCREAT'IC, -pertaining to the pancreas.--_ns._ PAN'CREATIN, the pancreatic juice; -PANCREAT[=I]T'IS, inflammation of the pancreas. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, -_kreas_, flesh.] - -PAND, pand, _n._ (_Scot._) a narrow curtain over a bed. - -PANDA, pan'da, _n._ a remarkable animal in the bear section of Carnivores -found in the south-east Himalayas.--Also _Chitwah_, or _Red bear-cat_. - -PANDANUS, pan-d[=a]'nus, _n._ the screw-pipe, the typical genus of the -_Pandaneae_. [Malay.] - -PANDATION, pan-d[=a]'shun, _n._ a yielding or warping. [L. _pand[=a]re_, to -bend.] - -PANDEAN, pan-d[=e]'an, _adj._ of or relating to the god _Pan_.--_n._ -PAND[=E]'AN-PIPES, or PAN'S'-PIPES, a musical instrument composed of reeds -of various lengths, said to have been invented by _Pan_: a syrinx. - -PANDECT, pan'dekt, _n._ a treatise containing the whole of any science: -(_pl._) the digest of Roman or civil law made by command of the Emperor -Justinian in the 6th century. [L.,--Gr. _pandectes_--_pas_, _pan_, all, -_dechesthai_, to receive.] - -PANDEMIC, pan-dem'ik, _adj._ incident to a whole people, epidemic.--_n._ a -pandemic disease.--_n._ PANDEM'IA, a widespread disease. [Gr. -_pand[=e]mios_--_pas_, _pan_, all, _d[=e]mos_, the people.] - -PANDEMONIUM, pan-d[=e]-m[=o]'ni-um, _n._ the great hall of evil spirits, -described in _Paradise Lost_: any disorderly assembly, or loud tumultuous -noise. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _daim[=o]n_, a demon.] - -PANDER, pan'd[.e]r, _n._ one who procures for another the means of -gratifying his passions: a pimp.--_v.t._ to play the pander for.--_v.i._ to -act as a pander: to minister to the passions.--_ns._ PAN'DERAGE, act, -employment, or vices of a pander; PAN'DERESS, a procuress; PAN'DERISM, the -employment or practices of a pander.--_adjs._ PAN'DERLY (_Shak._), acting -as a pander; PAN'DEROUS. [_Pandarus_, the pimp in the story of Troilus and -Cressida in the versions of Boccaccio (_Filostrato_), Chaucer, and -Shakespeare.] - -PANDICULATION, pan-dik-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of stretching one's -self after sleep, &c.: restlessness before fever, hysteria, &c.: -yawning.--_adj._ PANDIC'UL[=A]TED, stretched out. [L. _pandicul[=a]ri_, -_-[=a]tus_, to stretch one's self out.] - -PANDION, pan-d[=i]'on, _n._ the genus of ospreys or fishing-hawks. [Gr., -the father of Procne, who was changed into a swallow.] - -PANDIT. Same as PUNDIT. - -PANDORA, pan-d[=o]'ra, _n._ a beautiful woman to whom Jupiter, in order to -punish the theft of heavenly fire by Prometheus, gave a box containing all -the ills of human life, which, on the box being opened, spread over all the -earth. [Gr., _pan_, all, _d[=o]ron_, a gift.] - -PANDORE, pan-d[=o]r', _n._ a musical instrument of the lute kind with three -or four strings--also _Bandore_.--_n._ PAND[=U]'RA, a Neapolitan musical -instrument with eight metal wires, played with a quill.--_adjs._ -PAN'DURATE, -D, PAND[=U]'RIFORM, fiddle-shaped. [Gr. _pandoura_, a -3-stringed instrument, invented by _Pan_.] - -PANDORE, pan'd[=o]r, _n._ an esteemed variety of oysters found near -Prestonpans on the Firth of Forth. - -PANDOUR, pan'd[=oo]r, _n._ a Hungarian foot-soldier in the Austrian -service: a robber.--Also PAN'DOOR. [From _Pandur_, a village in Hungary.] - -PANDOWDY, pan-dew'di, _n._ a pudding baked with bread and apples. - -PANDY, pan'di, _n._ a stroke on the palm as a school punishment.--_v.t._ to -slap. [L. _pande_, hold out, imper. of _pand[)e]re_, to hold out.] - -PANE, p[=a]n, _n._ a plate of glass: a square in a pattern: a flat division -or side in any kind of work: a slash in a dress, showing an under garment, -or for the insertion of a piece of cloth of different colour, &c.: a panel -or piece of cloth of a different colour from the rest, esp. in variegated -work.--_v.t._ to insert panes or panels in.--_adj._ PANED, composed of -panes or small squares: variegated. [Fr. _pan_, a lappet, pane--L. -_pannus_, a cloth, a rag, akin to Gr. _p[=e]nos_, the woof.] - -PANEGOISM, pan-[=e]'g[=o]-izm, _n._ Same as _Solipsism_ (q.v.). - -PANEGYRIC, pan-[=e]-jir'ik, _n._ an oration or eulogy in praise of some -person or event: an encomium.--_adjs._ PAN[=E]GYR'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -PAN[=E]GYR'ICALLY.--_n._ PAN[=E]GYR'ICON, in the Greek Church, a collection -of sermons for festivals.--_v.t._ PAN'[=E]GYRISE, to write or pronounce a -panegyric on: to praise highly.--_ns._ PAN'[=E]GYRIST; PAN'[=E]GYRY -(_obs._). [L.,--Gr. _pan[=e]gyrikos_, fit for a national festival--_pas_, -_pan_, all, _agyris_ (_agora_), an assembly.] - -PANEITY, p[=a]-n[=e]'i-ti, _n._ the state of being bread. [L. _panis_, -bread.] - -PANEL, pan'el, _n._ a rectangular piece of any material: (_archit._) a flat -surface with raised margins, or with a surrounding frame: a thin board on -which a picture is painted: (_law_) a schedule containing the names of -those summoned to serve as jurors: the jury: (_Scots law_) a prisoner at -the bar: a frame for carrying a mortar: a rail in a post-and-rail -fence.--_v.t._ to furnish with panels:--_pr.p._ pan'elling; _pa.p._ -pan'elled.--Also PANN'EL.--_ns._ PAN'EL-GAME, the act of stealing articles -by means of a sliding panel; PAN'ELLING, panel-work; PAN'EL-PIC'TURE, a -picture painted on a panel; PAN'EL-PL[=A]N'ER, a machine for dressing -panels and feathering their edges to fit them to the grooves in the stiles; -PAN'EL-SAW, a saw for cutting very thin wood; PAN'EL-STRIP, a narrow piece -of wood or metal for covering a joint between two panels; PAN'EL-WORK'ING, -a method of working a coal-mine by dividing it into compartments. [O. -Fr.,--Low L. _pannellus_--L. _pannus_, a rag.] - -PANEULOGISM, pan-[=u]'l[=o]-jizm, _n._ indiscriminate eulogy. - -PANFUL, pan'fool, _n._ the quantity that a pan will hold:--_pl._ PAN'FULS. - -PANG, pang, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to cram, stuff with food. - -PANG, pang, _n._ a violent but not long-continued pain: a sudden and bitter -feeling of sorrow: a throe.--_v.t._ to cause a pang, to torture.--_adj._ -PANG'LESS, free from pain. [A form of _prong_, prob. modified by confusion -with Fr. _poing_, a fist--L. _pugnus_, the fist.] - -PANGENESIS, pan-jen'e-sis, _n._ the theory that every separate part of the -whole organisation reproduces itself.--_adj._ PANGENET'IC. [Gr. _pas_, -_pan_, all, _genesis_, production.] - -PANGOLIN, pang'g[=o]-lin, _n._ the scaly ant-eater, a name given to the -various species of the genus _Manis_ belonging to the mammalian order -Edentata. [Malay.] - -PANGRAMMATIST, pan-gram'a-tist, _n._ one who twists all the letters of the -alphabet into sentences, as in the following example: 'John P. Brady, give -me a black walnut box of quite a small size.' - -PAN-HANDLE, pan'-han'dl, _n._ the handle of a pan: a long narrow strip -projecting like this. - -PANHARMONICON, pan-har-mon'i-kon, _n._ a mechanical musical instrument of -the orchestrion class.--Also _Orpheus-harmonica_. - -PANHELLENIC, pan-hel-en'ik, _adj._ pertaining to all Greece.--_ns._ -PANHELL[=E]'NION, or PANHELL[=E]'NIUM, a council representing all the -sections of the Greeks; PANHELL'ENISM, a scheme for forming all Greeks into -one political body; PANHELL'ENIST, one who favours Panhellenism. [Gr. -_pas_, _pan_, all, _Hell[=e]nikos_, Greek--_Hellas_, Greece.] - -PANIC, pan'ik, _n._ extreme or sudden fright: great terror without any -visible ground or foundation: a state of terror about investments produced -by some startling collapse in credit, impelling men to rush and sell what -they possess.--_adj._ of the nature of a panic: extreme or sudden: -imaginary.--_adj._ PAN'ICKY (_coll._), inclined to panic or sudden terror, -affected by financial panic.--_n._ PAN'IC-MONG'ER, one who creates -panics.--_adjs._ PAN'IC-STRICK'EN, PAN'IC-STRUCK, struck with a panic or -sudden fear. [Orig. an adj.; Gr. _panikon_ (_deima_), 'panic' (fear), from -_panikos_, belonging to Pan, god of the woods.] - -PANICLE, pan'i-kl, _n._ (_bot._) a form of the arrangement of flowers on a -stalk, in which the cluster is irregularly branched, as in oats.--_n._ -PAN'IC, a grass of the genus _Panicum_.--_adjs._ PAN'ICLED (_bot._), -furnished with panicles: arranged in or like panicles; PANIC'UL[=A]TE, -D, -furnished with, arranged in, or like panicles.--_adv._ -PANIC'UL[=A]TELY.--_n._ PAN'ICUM, a large genus of true grasses having the -one or two-flowered spikelets in spikes, racemes, or panicles--including -the common millet. [L. _panicula_, double dim. of _panus_, thread wound on -a bobbin, akin to L. _pannus_ and Gr. _p[=e]nos_. See PANE.] - -PANIDROSIS, pan-i-dr[=o]'sis, _n._ a perspiration over the whole body. [Gr. -_pas_, _pan_, all, _hidr[=o]s_, perspiration.] - -PANIFICATION, pan-i-fi-k[=a]'shun, _n._ a conversion into bread.--_adj._ -PANIV'OROUS, eating bread. - -PANIONIC, pan-[=i]-on'ik, _adj._ pertaining to all the _Ionian_ peoples. - -PANISC, pan'isk, _n._ the god _Pan_, represented as a satyr. - -PANISLAMIC, pan-is-lam'ik, _adj._ relating to all _Islam_, or all the -Mohammedan races.--_n._ PANIS'LAMISM, the idea of union amongst the -Mohammedan races. - -PANJANDRUM, pan-jan'drum, _n._ an imaginary figure of great power and -importance, a burlesque potentate.--Also PANJAN'DARUM. [A gibberish word.] - -PANLOGISM, pan'l[=o]-jizm, _n._ the theory that the universe is an outward -manifestation of the Logos. - -PANMELODION, pan-m[=e]-l[=o]'di-on, _n._ a keyboard musical instrument -whose tone is produced by wheels rubbing on metal bars. - -PANMIXIA, pan-mik'si-a, _n._ (_biol._) cessation of natural selection, as -on a useless organ. - -PANNADE, pa-n[=a]d', _n._ the curvet of a horse. - -PANNAGE, pan'[=a]j, _n._ food picked up by swine in the woods, mast; also -the right to this. - -PANNEL. Same as PANEL. - -PANNICULUS, pa-nik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a thin, sheet-like investment. [L., dim. -of _pannus_, a cloth.] - -PANNIER, pan'y[.e]r, or pan'i-[.e]r, _n._ a bread-basket: one of two -baskets thrown across a horse's back, for carrying light produce to market: -(_archit._) a corbel: a contrivance for puffing out a woman's dress at the -hips: a piece of basket-work for protecting archers, or, when filled with -gravel or sand, for forming and protecting dikes, embankments, &c.--_adj._ -PANN'IERED, loaded with panniers. [Fr. _panier_--L. _panarium_, a -bread-basket--_panis_, bread.] - -PANNIKEL, pan'i-kl, _n._ the brain-pan: (_Spens._) the skull. [Dim. of -_pan_.] - -PANNIKIN, pan'i-kin, _n._ a small pan or saucer. - -PANNOSE, pan'[=o]s, _adj._ (_bot._) like felt in texture. [L. -_pannosus_--_pannus_, cloth.] - -PANNUS, pan'us, _n._ an opaque vascular membrane over the cornea: a tent -for a wound: a birth-mark on the skin. [L., 'cloth.'] - -PANNUSCORIUM, pan-us-k[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a leather-cloth for boots. [L. -_pannus_, cloth, _corium_, leather.] - -PANOCHA, pa-n[=o]'cha, _n._ a Mexican coarse sugar. - -PANOCHIA, pa-n[=o]'chi-a, _n._ bubo in the groin or armpit. [Gr. _cheia_, a -hole.] - -PANOISTIC, pan-[=o]-is'tik, _adj._ producing ova only--opp. to _Meroistic_. -[Gr. _[=o]on_, an egg.] - -PANOPHOBIA, pan-[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ a morbid fear of everything. [Gr. -_pas_, _pan_, all, _phobos_, fear.] - -PANOPHTHALMITIS, pan-of-thal-m[=i]'tis, _n._ suppurative inflammation of -the whole eye. - -PANOPLY, pan'[=o]-pli, _n._ complete armour: a full suit of armour.--_adj._ -PAN'OPLIED, dressed in panoply: completely armed.--_n._ PAN'OPLIST, one so -armed. [Gr. _panoplia_--_pas_, _pan_, all, _hopla_ (pl.), arms.] - -PANOPTICON, pan-op'ti-kon, _n._ a prison so constructed that all the -prisoners can be watched from one point: an exhibition room. [Gr. _pas_, -_pan_, all, _horaein_, fut. _opsesthai_, to see.] - -PANORAMA, pan-[=o]-r[:a]'ma, _n._ a wide or complete view: a picture giving -views of objects in all directions: a picture representing a number of -scenes unrolled and made to pass before the spectator.--_adj._ PANORA'MIC. -[Gr. _pan_, all, _horama_, a view, from _horaein_, to see.] - -PANOTITIS, pan-[=o]-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation in both the middle and -internal ear. - -PANOTYPE, pan'[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a picture made by the collodion process. - -PANPHARMACON, pan-far'ma-kon, _n._ a universal remedy. - -PAN-PRESBYTERIAN, pan-pres-bi-t[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the -whole body of Presbyterians.--PAN-PRESBYTERIAN COUNCIL, a council -representing all the Presbyterian churches throughout the world. - -PANSCLEROSIS, pan-skle-r[=o]'sis, _n._ complete thickening and hardening of -the interstitial tissue of a part. - -PANSER, pan's[.e]r, _n._ an ancient piece of armour for the abdomen. [O. -Fr. _pansiere_--_panse_, the belly--L. _pantex_, the belly.] - -PAN-SLAVIC, pan'-slav'ik, _adj._ pertaining to all the Slavic races.--_ns._ -PAN'-SLAV'ISM, a movement for the amalgamation of all the Slavonic races -into one body, with one language, literature, and social polity; -PAN'-SLAV'IST, one who favours Pan-Slavism.--_adjs._ PAN-SLAV[=O]'NIAN, -PAN-SLAVON'IC. - -PANSOPHY, pan's[=o]-fi, _n._ a scheme of universal knowledge, esp. that of -the educational reformer, John Amos Comenius (1592-1671): the pretence of -universal wisdom.--_adjs._ PANSOPH'IC, -AL. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, -_sophia_, wisdom.] - -PANSPERMATISM, pan-sper'ma-tizm, _n._ the theory of the widespread -diffusion of germs--also PANSPER'MY.--_n._ PANSPER'MATIST, a holder of -this.--_adj._ PANSPER'MIC. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _sperma_, seed.] - -PANSTEREORAMA, pan-ster-[=e]-[=o]-r[:a]'ma, _n._ a model showing every part -in proportional relief, as of a building. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, -_stereos_, solid, _horama_, a view.] - -PANSY, pan'zi, _n._ a species of violet developed by cultivation into large -blossoms of great variety of colour--also _Heart's-ease_, -_Love-in-idleness_:--_pl._ PAN'SIES.--_adj._ PAN'SIED. [Fr. -_pens['e]e_--_penser_, to think--L. _pens[=a]re_, to weigh.] - -PANT, pant, _v.i._ to breathe hard and quickly: to show excitement by -quickness of breathing: to gasp: to throb: to desire ardently: to heave, as -the breast: to bulge and shrink successively, of iron hulls, &c.--_v.t._ to -gasp out: to long for.--_ns._ PANT, PANT'ING, rapid breathing: palpitation: -longing.--_adv._ PANT'INGLY, in a panting manner: with hard and rapid -breathing. [Imit.; or nasalised from _pat_ (v.t.).] - -PANTAGAMY, pan-tag'a-mi, _n._ a system of communistic marriage, once -practised in the Oneida community. [Gr. _panta_, all, _gamos_, marriage.] - -PANTAGOGUE, pan'ta-g[=o]g, _n._ a medicine once believed capable of purging -away all morbid humours. [Gr. _panta_, _pas_, all, _ag[=o]gos_, drawing -out--_agein_, to lead.] - -PANTAGRAPH, PANTAGRAPHIC, -AL. Same as PANTOGRAPH, &c. - -PANTAGRUELISM, pan-ta-gr[=oo]'el-izm, _n._ the theories and practice of -_Pantagruel_ as described by Rabelais (1483-1553)--burlesque ironical -buffoonery as a cover for serious satire: empirical medical theory and -practice.--_adj._ PANTAGRUEL'IAN.--_ns._ PANTAGRUEL'ION, a magic herb -allegorising fortitude, patience, industry; PANTAGRU'ELIST, a cynic who -uses the medium of burlesque. - -PANTALEON, pan-tal'[=e]-on, _n._ a musical instrument invented about 1700 -by _Pantaleon_ Hebenstreit, a very large dulcimer. - -PANTALETS, pan-ta-lets', _n.pl._ long frilled drawers, once worn by women -and children: a removable kind of ruffle worn at the feet of women's -drawers. - -PANTALOON, pan-ta-l[=oo]n', _n._ in pantomimes, a ridiculous character, a -buffoon: (_orig._) a ridiculous character in Italian comedy, also a garment -worn by him, consisting of breeches and stockings all in one piece: (_pl._) -a kind of trousers.--_n._ PANTALOON'ERY, buffoonery. [Fr. _pantalon_--It. -_pantalone_, from _Pantaleon_ (Gr. 'all-lion'), the patron saint of -Venice.] - -PANTATROPHY, pan-tat'ro-fi, _n._ general atrophy of the whole body. - -PANTECHNICON, pan-tek'ni-kon, _n._ a place where every species of -workmanship is sold, or where furniture, &c., is stored. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, -all, _techn[=e]_, art.] - -PANTER, pan't[.e]r, _n._ (_obs._). Same as PANTHER. - -PANTHEISM, pan'th[=e]-izm, _n._ the form of monism which identifies mind -and matter, making them manifestations of one absolute being: the doctrine -that there is no God apart from nature or the universe, everything being -considered as part of God, or a manifestation of Him.--_n._ PAN'TH[=E]IST, -a believer in pantheism.--_adjs._ PANTH[=E]IST'IC, -AL.--_ns._ -PANTH[=E]OL'OGIST, one versed in pantheology; PANTH[=E]OL'OGY, a system of -theology embracing all religions and the knowledge of all gods. - -PANTHEON, pan'th[=e]-on, _n._ a temple dedicated to all the gods, esp. the -round one at Rome, built by Agrippa in 27 B.C.: all the gods of a nation -considered as one body: a complete mythology. [L. _panth[=e]on_--Gr. -_pantheion_ (_hieron_), (a temple) for all gods--_pas_, _pan_, all, -_theos_, a god.] - -PANTHER, pan'th[.e]r, _n._ a fierce, spotted, carnivorous quadruped of Asia -and Africa:--_fem._ PAN'THERESS. [Fr. _panth[`e]re_--L.,--Gr. -_panth[=e]r_.] - -PANTILE, pan't[=i]l, _n._ a tile with a curved surface, convex or concave -with reference to its width: a tile whose cross-section forms a double -curve, forming a tegula and imbrex both in one.--_adj._ dissenting--chapels -being often roofed with these.--_n._ PAN'TILING, a system of tiling with -pantiles. - -PANTISOCRASY, pan-ti-sok'ra-si, _n._ a Utopian community in which all are -of equal rank or social position. [Gr. _pas_, _pantos_, all, isos, equal, -_kratein_, to rule.] - -PANTLER, pant'l[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) the officer in a great family who had -charge of the bread and other provisions. [Fr. _panetier_--L. _panis_, -bread.] - -PANTOCHRONOMETER, pan-t[=o]-kro-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a combination of -compass, sun-dial, and universal sun-dial. - -PANTOFFLE, pan'tof'l, _n._ a slipper. [Fr.] - -PANTOGRAPH, pan't[=o]-graf, _n._ an instrument for copying drawings, plans, -&c. on the same, or a different, scale from the original.--_adjs._ -PANTOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or done by, a pantograph.--_n._ -PANTOG'RAPHY, general description: entire view: process of copying by means -of the pantograph. [Gr. _pan_, all, _graphein_, to write.] - -PANTOLOGY, pan-tol'o-ji, _n._ universal knowledge: a view of all branches -of knowledge: a book of universal information.--_adj._ PANTOLOG'IC.--_n._ -PANTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _pas_, _pantos_, all, _logia_, description.] - -PANTOMETER, pan-tom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring angles and -perpendiculars.--_n._ PANTOM'ETRY. - -PANTOMIME, pan't[=o]-m[=i]m, _n._ one who expresses his meaning by action -without speaking: a play or an entertainment in dumb show: an entertainment -in a theatre, usually about Christmas-time, in which some well-known story -is acted, amidst showy scenery, with music and dancing, concluding with -buffoonery by conventional characters--the clown, pantaloon, harlequin, and -columbine.--_adj._ representing only by action without words.--_adjs._ -PANTOMIM'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PANTOMIM'ICALLY.--_n._ PAN'TOMIMIST, an actor in -a pantomime. [Fr.,--L.--Gr. _pantomimos_, imitator of all--_pas_, _pantos_, -all, _mimos_, an imitator.] - -PANTOMORPH, pan't[=o]-morf, _n._ that which exists in all shapes.--_adj._ -PANTOMOR'PHIC. - -PANTON, pan'ton, _n._ a horse-shoe for curing a narrow and hoof-bound heel: -an idle fellow. - -PANTOPHAGY, pan-tof'a-ji, _n._ morbid hunger for all kinds of food.--_n._ -PANTOPH'AGIST.--_adj._ PANTOPH'AGOUS. [Gr. _panta_, all, _phagein_, to -eat.] - -PANTOSCOPE, pan't[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ a panoramic camera: a very wide-angled -photographic lens.--_adj._ PANTOSCOP'IC, giving a wide range of vision. - -PANTOSTOMATOUS, pan-t[=o]-stom'a-tus, _adj._ ingesting food at any point on -the surface of the body. - -PANTRY, pan'tri, _n._ a room or closet for provisions and table -furnishings, or where plate, knives, &c. are cleaned. [Fr. _paneterie_, a -place where bread is distributed--Low L. _panitaria_--L. _panis_, bread.] - -PANTS, _n.pl._ (_coll._) trousers, abbrev. of _pantaloons_. - -PANURGIC, pan-ur'jik, _adj._ able to do all kinds of work. [Gr. _pan_, all, -_ergon_, work.] - -PANZOISM, pan-z[=o]'izm, _n._ the sum of the elements that make up vital -force. [Gr. _pas_, _pan_, all, _z[=o][=e]_, life.] - -PAP, pap, _n._ soft food for infants: pulp of fruit: nourishment: (_slang_) -the emoluments or perquisites of public office.--_v.t._ to feed with -pap.--_adjs._ PAPES'CENT, PAP'PY.--_ns._ PAP'MEAT, soft food for infants; -PAP'SPOON, a spoon for infants. [Imit.] - -PAP, pap, _n._ a nipple or teat: a woman's breast: a round conical hill, as -the _Paps_ of Jura. - -PAPA, pa-p[:a]', or p[:a]'pa, _n._ father: a bishop: a priest of the Greek -Church. [Imit.] - -PAPACY, p[=a]'pa-si, _n._ the office of the Pope: the authority of the -Pope: popery: the Popes, as a body.--_adj._ P[=A]'PAL, belonging to, or -relating to, the Pope or to popery: popish.--_v.t._ P[=A]'PALISE, to make -papal.--_v.i._ to conform to popery.--_ns._ P[=A]'PALISM; -P[=A]'PALIST.--_adv._ P[=A]'PALLY.--_ns._ P[=A]PAPH[=O]'BIA, extreme fear -of the Pope, or the progress of papacy; P[=A]'PARCHY, papal government. -[Low L. _papatia_--_papa_, a father.] - -PAPAIN, p[:a]'pa-in, _n._ a nitrogenous body, isolated from the juice of -the papaw, one of the digestive ferments applied in some cases of -dyspepsia, either internally or for the predigestion of food. - -PAPAVEROUS, pa-pav'[.e]r-us, _adj._ resembling or having the qualities of -the poppy.--_adj._ PAPAVER[=A]'CEOUS, of or like the poppy. [L. _papaver_, -the poppy.] - -PAPAW, pa-paw', _n._ the tree _Carica papaya_, or its fruit, native to -South America, but common in the tropics, the trunk, leaves, and fruit -yielding papain (q.v.), the leaves forming a powerful anthelmintic: the -tree _Asimina triloba_, or its fruit, native to the United States. [The -Malabar native name.] - -PAPER, p[=a]'p[.e]r, _n._ the material made from rags or vegetable fibres -on which we commonly write and print: a piece of paper: a written or -printed document or instrument, note, receipt, bill, bond, deed, &c.: a -newspaper: an essay or literary contribution, generally brief: paper-money: -paper-hangings for walls: a set of examination questions: free passes of -admission to a theatre, &c., also the persons admitted by such.--_adj._ -consisting or made of paper.--_v.t._ to cover with paper: to fold in paper: -to treat in any way by means of paper, as to sand-paper, &c.: to paste the -end-papers and fly-leaves at the beginning and end of a book before fitting -it into its covers.--_ns._ P[=A]'PER-BAR'ON, or -LORD, one who holds a -title that is merely official, like that of a Scotch Lord of Session, &c., -or whose title is merely by courtesy or convention; P[=A]'PER-CASE, a box -for holding writing materials, &c.; P[=A]'PER-CHASE, the game of hounds and -hares, when the hares scatter bits of paper to guide the hounds; -P[=A]'PER-CIGAR', a cigarette; P[=A]'PER-CLAMP, a frame for holding -newspapers, sheets of music, &c., for easy reference; P[=A]'PER-CLIP, or -_Letter-clip_, an appliance with opening and closing spring, for holding -papers together; P[=A]'PER-CLOTH, a fabric prepared in many of the Pacific -islands from the inner bark of the mulberry, &c.; P[=A]'PER-CRED'IT, credit -given to a person because he shows by bills, promissory notes, &c. that -money is owing to him; P[=A]'PER-CUT'TER, a machine for cutting paper in -sheets, for trimming the edges of books, &c.; P[=A]'PER-DAY, one of certain -days in each term for hearing causes down in the paper or roll of business; -P[=A]'PER-ENAM'EL, an enamel for cards and fine note-paper.--_adj._ -P[=A]'PER-FACED (_Shak._), having a face as white as paper.--_ns._ -P[=A]'PER-FEED'ER, an apparatus for delivering sheets of paper to a -printing-press, &c.; P[=A]'PER-FILE, an appliance for holding letters, &c., -for safety and readiness of reference; P[=A]'PER-GAUGE, a rule for -measuring the type-face of matter to be printed, and the width of the -margin; P[=A]'PER-HANG'ER, one who hangs paper on the walls of rooms, -&c.--_n.pl._ P[=A]'PER-HANG'INGS, paper, either plain or with coloured -figures, for hanging on or covering walls.--_ns._ P[=A]'PERING, the -operation of covering or hanging with paper: the paper itself; -P[=A]'PER-KNIFE, -CUT'TER, -FOLD'ER, a thin, flat blade of ivory, &c., for -cutting open the leaves of books and other folded papers; P[=A]'PER-MAK'ER, -one who manufactures paper; P[=A]'PER-MAK'ING; P[=A]'PER-MAR'BLER, one -engaged in marbling paper; P[=A]'PER-MILL, a mill where paper is made; -P[=A]'PER-MON'EY, pieces of paper stamped or marked by government or by a -bank, as representing a certain value of money, which pass from hand to -hand instead of the coin itself; P[=A]'PER-MUS'LIN, a glazed muslin for -dress linings, &c.; P[=A]'PER-NAU'TILUS, or -SAIL'OR, the nautilus; -P[=A]'PER-OFF'ICE, an office in Whitehall where state-papers are kept; -P[=A]'PER-PULP, the pulp from which paper is made; P[=A]'PER-PUNCH, an -apparatus for piercing holes in paper; P[=A]'PER-REED (_B._), the papyrus; -P[=A]'PER-RUL'ER, one who, or an instrument which, makes straight lines on -paper; P[=A]'PER-STAIN'ER, one who prepares paper-hangings; -P[=A]'PER-TEST'ER, a machine for testing the stretching strength of paper; -P[=A]'PER-WASH'ING (_phot._), water in which prints have been washed; -P[=A]'PER-WEIGHT, a small weight for laying on a bundle of loose papers to -prevent them from being displaced.--_adj._ P[=A]'PERY, like paper.--BRISTOL -PAPER or BOARD, a strong smooth paper for drawing on; BROWN-PAPER (see -BROWN); CHINESE PAPER, rice-paper: a fine soft slightly brownish paper made -from bamboo bark, giving fine impressions from engravings; CREAM-LAID -PAPER, a smooth paper of creamy colour, much used for note-paper; -DISTINCTIVE PAPER, a fine silk-threaded fibre paper used in the United -States for bonds, &c.; FILTER-PAPER (see FILTER); HAND-MADE PAPER, that -made wholly by hand, as still with some kinds of printing and drawing -papers; HEIGHT-TO-PAPER, in typefounding, the length of a type from its -face to its foot (11/12 inch); HOT-PRESSED PAPER, paper polished by -pressure between heated plates; IMPERFECT PAPER, sheets of poorer quality, -as the two outside quires of a ream; INDIA PAPER (see INDIAN); JAPANESE -PAPER, a soft fine paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry, giving -good impressions of plate engravings; LITHOGRAPHIC PAPER, paper used for -taking impressions from lithographic stones; LITMUS PAPER (see LITMUS); -MARBLED PAPER (see MARBLE); PARCHMENT PAPER, a tough paper, prepared in -imitation of parchment by dipping in diluted sulphuric acid and washing -with weak ammonia; PLAIN PAPER, unruled paper: (_phot._) any unglossy -paper; PLATE PAPER, the best class of book paper; PRINTING PAPER (see -PRINT); RAG-PAPER, that made from the pulp of rags; RULED PAPER, -writing-paper ruled with lines for convenience; SENSITISED PAPER (_phot._), -paper chemically treated so that its colour is affected by the action of -light; STATE-PAPER (see STATE); TEST-PAPER (see TEST); TISSUE-PAPER, a very -thin soft paper for wrapping delicate articles, protecting engravings in -books, &c.--also SILK-PAPER; TRACING-PAPER, transparent paper used for -copying a design, &c., by laying it over the original, and copying the -lines shown through it; TRANSFER-PAPER (see TRANSFER); VELLUM PAPER, a -heavy ungrained smooth paper, sometimes used in fine printing; WHATMAN -PAPER, a fine quality of English paper, with fine or coarse grain, used for -etchings, engravings, &c.; WOVE PAPER, paper laid on flannel or felt, -showing no marks of wires; WRAPPING-PAPER, coarse paper used for wrapping -up parcels, &c. [A shortened form of _papyrus_.] - -PAPETERIE, pap-e-tr[=e]', _n._ a box containing paper, &c., for writing -purposes: stationery. [Fr.] - -PAPHIAN, p[=a]'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Paphos_ in Cyprus, sacred to -Aphrodite: lascivious.--_n._ a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a -whore. - -PAPIER-M[^A]CH['E], pap'y[=a]-m[:a]'sh[=a], _n._ a material consisting -either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a -peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of -articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) -somewhat resembles plaster. [Fr. _papier_--L. _papyrus_; _m[^a]ch['e]_ is -pa.p. of Fr. _m[^a]cher_, to chew--L. _mastic[=a]re_, to masticate.] - -PAPILIONACEOUS, pa-pil-yo-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a flower -shaped somewhat like a butterfly, as the bean, pea, &c. [L. _papilio_, -_-onis_, a butterfly.] - -PAPILLA, pa-pil'a, _n._ one of the minute elevations on the skin, esp. on -the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in -which the nerves terminate: (_bot._) a nipple-like protuberance:--_pl._ -PAPILL'AE.--_adjs._ PAP'ILLAR, PAP'ILLARY, like a papilla, provided with -papillae; PAP'ILL[=A]TE, formed into a papilla, studded with -papillae.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to become a papilla, to cover with -such.--_adjs._ PAPILLIF'EROUS, papillate: bearing one or more fleshy -excrescences; PAPILL'IFORM, like a papilla in form.--_ns._ PAPILL[=I]'TIS, -inflammation of the optic papilla; PAPILL[=O]'MA, a tumour formed by the -hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, -&c.--_adjs._ PAPILLOM'ATOUS; PAP'ILL[=O]SE, full of papillae, warty--also -PAP'ILLOUS; PAPILL'[=U]LATE, finely papillose.--_n._ PAP'ILL[=U]LE, a very -small papilla, a verruca or a variole. [L., a small pustule, dim. of -_papula_.] - -PAPILLOTE, pap'il-[=o]t, _n._ a curl-paper, from its fancied resemblance to -a butterfly. [Fr., from _papillot_, old form of _papillon_, butterfly--L. -_papilio_.] - -PAPIST, p[=a]'pist, _n._ an adherent of the Pope: a name slightingly given -to a Roman Catholic--(_prov._) P[=A]'PISH, P[=A]'PISHER.--_n._ P[=A]'PISM, -popery.--_adjs._ P[=A]PIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to popery, or to the Church -of Rome, its doctrines, &c.--_adv._ P[=A]PIST'ICALLY.--_n._ P[=A]'PISTRY, -popery. - -PAPOOSE, pap-[=oo]s', _n._ a N. Amer. Indian infant, usually wrapped up, -fixed to a board, and thus carried by its mother or hung up for -safety.--Also PAPPOOSE'. - -PAPPUS, pap'us, _n._ (_bot._) the fine hair or down which grows on the -seeds of some plants: the first hair on the chin.--_adjs._ PAPPIF'EROUS, -bearing a pappus; PAPP[=O]SE', PAPP'OUS, provided or covered with down. [L. -_pappus_--Gr. _pappos_, down.] - -PAPUAN, pap'[=u]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Papua_ or New Guinea.--_n._ an -inhabitant of Papua: one of a race of black colour, dolichocephalic, with -rough and frizzly hair, inhabiting many of the islands of the Pacific near -Australia. [Malay.] - -PAPULOSE, pap'[=u]-l[=o]s, _adj._ full of pimples--also PAP'[=U]LOUS.--_n._ -PAP'[=U]LA, a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:--_pl._ -PAP'[=U]LAE.--_adj._ PAP'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ PAP[=U]L[=A]'TION, the development -of papules; PAP'[=U]LE, a pimple.--_adj._ PAPULIF'EROUS, pimply. [L. -_papula_, a pimple.] - -PAPYRUS, pa-p[=i]'rus, _n._ an Egyptian sedge, now scarcely found there, -from the inner pith (_byblos_) of which the ancients made their paper: a -manuscript on papyrus:--_pl._ PAPY'R[=I].--_adjs._ PAPYR[=A]'CEOUS, -PAP'YRAL, PAPYR'[=E]AN, PAP'YRINE, pertaining to the papyrus or to papyri: -like paper in appearance and consistency; PAPYRIT'IOUS, resembling paper, -as the nests of certain wasps.--_n._ PAPYROGRAPH (p[=a]-p[=i]'r[=o]-graf), -a hectograph or apparatus for producing copies of a written or printed -document.--_v.t._ to produce by means of such.--_adj._ -P[=A]PYROGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PAPYROG'RAPHY. [L.--Gr. _papyros_, prob. -Egyptian.] - -PAR, p[:a]r, _n._ state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: -state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price -marked on them--i.e. without _premium_ or _discount_: equality of -condition.--_v.t._ to fix an equality between.--PAR OF EXCHANGE, the value -of coin of one country expressed in that of another.--ABOVE PAR, at a -premium, or at more than the nominal value; AT PAR, at exactly the nominal -value; BELOW PAR, at a discount, or at less than the nominal value; NOMINAL -PAR, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is -known. [L. _par_, equal.] - -PAR, p[:a]r, _n._ Same as PARR. - -PARA, pa-r[:a]', _n._ a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in -Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about 1/18th of a -penny in Turkey and 1/16th in Egypt. - -PARABAPTISM, par-a-bap'tizm, _n._ uncanonical baptism. - -PARABASIS, pa-rab'a-sis, _n._ the chief of the choral parts in ancient -Greek comedy, usually an address from the poet to the public. [Gr., _para_, -beside, _basis_--_bainein_, to walk.] - -PARABEMA, par-a-b[=e]'ma, _n._ in Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture, -the chapel of the prothesis or the diaconicon, or sacristy, where divided -by walls from the bema or sanctuary:--_pl._ PARAB[=E]'MATA.--_adj._ -PARABEMAT'IC. - -PARABLAST, par'a-blast, _n._ the supplementary or nutritive yolk of a -meroblastic egg or metovum--as distinguished from the _archiblast_, or -formative yolk.--_adj._ PARABLAST'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _blastos_, a -germ.] - -PARABLE, par'a-bl, _n._ a comparison: a fable or story of something which -might have happened, told to illustrate some doctrine, or to make some duty -clear: (_B._) an apologue, proverb (Ps. lxxviii. 2, Hab. ii. 6).--_v.t._ to -represent by a parable.--_adjs._ PARABOL'IC, -AL, like a parable or a -parabola: expressed by a parable: belonging to, or of the form of, a -parabola.--_adv._ PARABOL'ICALLY. [Gr. _parabol[=e]_--_paraballein_, to -compare--_para_, beside, _ballein_, to throw.] - -PARABLEPSIS, par-a-blep'sis, _n._ false vision.--Also PAR'ABLEPSY. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _blepsis_--_bleptein_, to see.] - -PARABOLA, par-ab'o-la, _n._ (_geom._) a curve or conic section, formed by -cutting a cone with a plane parallel to its slope (for illustration, see -CONE).--_adjs._ PARABOL'IC; PARABOL'IFORM.--_n._ PARAB'OLOID, the solid -which would be generated by the rotation of a parabola about its principal -axis. [Gr. _parabol[=e]_; cf. _Parable_.] - -PARABOLANUS, par-a-b[=o]-l[=a]'nus, _n._ in the early Eastern Church, a lay -assistant to the clergy for waiting on the sick. [Gr. _parabolos_, -reckless.] - -PARABOLE, par-ab'o-le, _n._ (_rhet._) a parable, a comparison or -similitude. [Gr.; cf. _Parable_.] - -PARACELSIAN, par-a-sel'si-an, _adj._ of or relating to the famous Swiss -philosopher and physician, _Paracelsus_ (1490-1541), or resembling his -theories or practice. The name was coined for himself by Theophrastus -Bombastus von Hohenheim, and apparently implied a claim to be greater than -Celsus. - -PARACENTESIS, par-a-sen-t[=e]'sis, _n._ (_surg._) the perforation of a -cavity with a trocar, &c., tapping. [Gr., _para_, beside, _kentein_, to -pierce.] - -PARACENTRAL, par-a-sen'tral, _adj._ situated next a centrum.--_adj._ -PARACEN'TRIC, approaching to the centre or receding from it. - -PARACHORDAL, par-a-k[=o]r'dal, _adj._ (_biol._) lying alongside the cranial -part of the notochord. [Gr. _para_, beside, _chord[=e]_, a chord.] - -PARACHROMATISM, par-a-kr[=o]'ma-tizm, _n._ colour-blindness. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _chroma_, colour.] - -PARACHRONISM, par-ak'ron-izm, _n._ an error in dating an event by which it -is made to appear later than it really was. [Gr., _para_, beside, -_chronos_, time.] - -PARACHROSE, par'a-kr[=o]s, _adj._ (_min._) changing colour by exposure to -weather. [Gr., _para_, beside, _chroa_, colour.] - -PARACHUTE, par'a-sh[=oo]t, _n._ an apparatus like an umbrella for -descending safely from a balloon.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to descend by means of -such.--_n._ PAR'ACHUTIST. [Fr., for _par' [`a] chute_, from Fr. _parer_--L. -_par[=a]re_, to prepare, _chute_, a fall--L. _cad[)e]re_.] - -PARACLETE, par'a-kl[=e]t, _n._ the Comforter, Advocate, or Intercessor of -John, xiv. 16, 26, 1 John, ii. 1, &c.--the Holy Ghost or Spirit.--_ns._ -PARACL[=E]T'ICE, PARACL[=E]T'ICON, an office-book in the Greek Church -containing the troparia of the whole ferial office for the year. [Through -L., from Gr. _parakl[=e]tos_--_parakalein_, _para_, beside, _kalein_, to -call.] - -PARACME, pa-rak'm[=e], _n._ (_biol._) the decadence of an evolutionary -series of organisms after reaching its highest point of development. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _akm[=e]_, a point.] - -PARACOLPITIS, par-a-kol-p[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the outer coat of -the vagina. [Gr. _para_, beside, _kolpos_, the womb.] - -PARACOROLLA, par-a-k[=o]-rol'a, _n._ (_bot._) a crown or appendage of a -corolla, usually as a nectary. [Gr. _para_, beside, L. _corolla_.] - -PARACROSTIC, par-a-kr[=o]s'tik, _n._ a poem with the first verse containing -the initial letters of the others. - -PARACUSIS, par-a-k[=u]'sis, _n._ disordered hearing. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_akousis_, hearing.] - -PARACYANOGEN, par-a-s[=i]-an'[=o]-jen, _n._ a substance obtained by heating -mercury cyanide almost to redness. - -PARACYESIS, par-a-s[=i]-[=e]'sis, _n._ extra-uterine pregnancy. - -PARADACTYLUM, par-a-dak'ti-lum, _n._ the side of a bird's toe. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _daktylos_, a finger.] - -PARADE, par-[=a]d', _n._ the orderly arrangement of troops for exercise or -inspection: a review of troops: the place where such a display takes place: -that which is displayed: great or splendid show of any kind: a public walk -or promenade.--_v.t._ to show off: to marshal in military order.--_v.i._ to -march up and down as if for show: to pass in military order: to march in -procession. [Fr.--Sp. _parada_--_parar_, to halt--L. _par[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to prepare.] - -PARADIGM, par'a-dim, _n._ an example: model: (_gram._) an example of the -inflection of a word.--_adjs._ PARADIGMAT'IC, -AL, consisting of, or -resembling, paradigms.--_n._ PARADIGMAT'IC, one who narrates the lives of -religious persons by way of examples.--_adv._ PARADIGMAT'ICALLY. -[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paradeigma_--_para_, beside, _deiknynai_, to show.] - -PARADISE, par'a-d[=i]s, _n._ a park or pleasure-ground, esp. in ancient -Persia: the garden of Eden: heaven: any place of great beauty or state of -blissful delights: the happy abode of the righteous in heaven: (_slang_) -the upper gallery in a theatre: (_archit._) a small private apartment, a -court in front of a church.--_adjs._ PARADIS[=A]'IC, -AL, PARADIS'IAC, -AL, -pertaining to, or resembling, paradise.--_n._ PAR'ADISE-FISH, a Chinese -species of Macropid often kept in aquaria for its beauty of form and -colouring.--_adjs._ PARADIS'IAL, PARADIS'IAN, pertaining to, suitable to, -or resembling paradise; PARADIS'IC, -AL, pertaining to paradise.--BIRD OF -PARADISE, an Eastern bird closely allied to the crow, with splendid -plumage. [Fr. _paradis_--L. _paradisus_--Gr. _paradeisos_, a park, prob. -Persian.] - -PARADOS, par'a-dos, _n._ earthworks behind a fortified place, protecting -against a rear attack. - -PARADOX, par'a-doks, _n._ that which is contrary to received opinion, or -that which is apparently absurd but really true.--_n._ PAR'ADOXER.--_adjs._ -PARADOX'IC, -AL, of the nature of a paradox: inclined to paradoxes, said of -persons.--_adv._ PARADOX'ICALLY.--_ns._ PARADOX'ICALNESS; PARADOX'IDES, a -genus of trilobites; PAR'ADOXIST; PAR'ADOXY, the quality of being -paradoxical.--HYDROSTATIC PARADOX (see HYDROSTATICS). [Through Fr. and L., -from Gr. _paradoxon_--_para_, contrary to, _doxa_, an opinion.] - -PARADOXURE, par-a-dok's[=u]r, _n._ a civet-like carnivore of Southern Asia -and Malaysia, the palm-cat of India.--_adj._ PARADOX[=U]'RINE, having a -paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail. - -PARAESTHESIA, par-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ abnormal sensation. [Gr. _para_, -beyond, _aisth[=e]sis_, sensation.] - -PARAFFIN, par'af-fin, _n._ a white, transparent, crystalline substance, -obtained from shale, coal-tar, &c., much used instead of wax, tallow, &c. -in making candles--so named as having little affinity--for an alkali--also -PAR'AFFINE.--_v.t._ to coat or impregnate with paraffin.--_ns._ -PAR'AFFIN-OIL, any of the mineral burning oils associated with the -manufacture of paraffin; PAR'AFFIN-SCALE, unrefined paraffin. [Fr.,--L. -_parum_, little, _affinis_, allied.] - -PARAFFLE, pa-raf'l, _n._ (_Scot._) any pretentious display. - -PARAGASTRIC, par-a-gas'trik, _adj._ lying alongside the gastric cavity: -pertaining to the paragaster or the cavity of the sac of a sponge. - -PARAGE, par'[=a]j, _n._ equality in law: a woman's portion at marriage. -[_Par._] - -PARAGENESIS, par-a-jen'e-sis, _n._ hybridism.--_adjs._ PARAGENET'IC; -PARAGEN'IC, originating with the germ or at the genesis of an individual. -[Gr. _para_, beside, _genesis_, birth.] - -PARAGEUSIA, par-a-g[=u]'si-a, _n._ perverted sense of taste--also -PARAGEU'SIS.--_adj._ PARAGEU'SIC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _geusis_, taste.] - -PARAGLENAL, par-a-gl[=e]'nal, _n._ the coracoid of a fish--also _adj._ [Gr. -_para_, beside, _gl[=e]n[=e]_, a socket.] - -PARAGLOBULIN, par-a-glob'[=u]-lin, _n._ a globulin found in blood-serum, -fibrino-plastin.--Also PARAGL[=O]'BIN. - -PARAGLOSSA, par-a-glos'a, _n._ one of the two appendages of the ligula in -insects.--_adjs._ PARAGLOSS'AL; PARAGLOSS'ATE, provided with paraglossae. -[Gr. _para_, beside, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.] - -PARAGNATHOUS, par-ag'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having both mandibles of equal -length.--_n._ PARAG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gnathos_, the jaw.] - -PARAGOGE, par-a-g[=o]'j[=e], _n._ the addition of a letter or a syllable to -the end of a word, as _amidst_ for _amid_, _generical_ for _generic_--also -called _epithesis_ and _ecstasis_, as opposed to _prosthesis_ and -_apocope_.--_adjs._ PARAGOG'IC, -AL, forming a paragoge: relating to, or of -the nature of, paragoge: added on: additional.--PARAGOGIC FUTURE, the -cohortative tense in Hebrew grammar--a lengthened form of the imperfect or -future tense, usually confined to the first person, giving the sense of -'let me' or 'let us.' [L.,--Gr. from _para_, beyond, _agein_, to lead.] - -PARAGON, par'a-gon, _n._ a pattern or model with which comparisons are -made: (_Spens._) a companion or a rival: something supremely excellent: a -size of printing-type intermediate between great-primer and double pica, -equal to 20 points in the newer system.--_v.t._ to compare: to bring into -comparison with: (_Shak._) to surpass. [O. Fr., from Sp. compound prep. -_para con_, in comparison with--L. _pro_, for, _ad_, to, _con=cum_, with.] - -PARAGRAM, par'a-gram, _n._ a play upon words: a pun.--_n._ PARAGRAM'MATIST, -a punster. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gramma_, something written, _graphein_, to -write.] - -PARAGRAPH, par'a-graf, _n._ a distinct part of a discourse or writing -marked by P., or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual -distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences -with unity of purpose.--_v.t._ to form into paragraphs.--_ns._ -PAR'AGRAPHER, PAR'AGRAPHIST, one who writes in paragraphs, esp. for -newspapers.--_adjs._ PARAGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PARAGRAPH'ICALLY. [The mark -P. is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., -from Gr. _paragraphos_--_para_, beside, _graphein_, to write.] - -PARAHELIOTROPISM, par-a-h[=e]-li-ot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ the diurnal sleep of -plants.--_adj._ PARAHELIOTROP'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _h[=e]lios_, the -sun, _trepein_, to turn.] - -PARAKEET. See PAROQUET. - -PARALEIPSIS, par-a-l[=i]p'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which one fixes -attention on a subject by pretending to neglect it, as, 'I will not speak -of his generosity, his gentleness of disposition, or his reverence for -sacred things.' [Gr., from _paraleipein_, to leave on one side--_para_, -beside, _leipein_, to leave.] - -PARALIPOMENA, par-a-li-pom'e-na, _n.pl._ things passed over, but given in a -supplement, specially the name given in the Septuagint to the First and -Second Books of Chronicles, a recapitulation of Second Samuel and the Books -of Kings. [Late L.,--Gr. _paraleipomena_--_paraleipein_, to pass over.] - -PARALLAX, par'a-laks, _n._ an apparent change in the position of an object -caused by change of position in the observer: (_astron._) the difference -between the apparent and real place of a star or other celestial -object.--_adjs._ PARALLAC'TIC, -AL. [Gr. _parallaxis_--_para_, beside, -_allassein_, to change--_allos_, another.] - -PARALLEL, par'al-lel, _adj._ side by side: (_geom._) extended in the same -direction and equi-distant in all parts: with the same direction or -tendency: running in accordance with: resembling in all essential points: -like or similar.--_n._ a line equi-distant from another at all points: a -line drawn across a map or round a globe at right angles to the axis, -marking latitude: likeness: a comparison: counterpart: (_pl._) trenches, -dug parallel to the outline of a besieged fortress to protect the besiegers -(_mil._).--_v.t._ to place so as to be parallel: to correspond, or to make -to correspond, to:--_pr.p._ par'alleling or par'allelling; _pa.p._ -par'alleled or par'allelled.--_n._ PAR'ALLELISM, state of being parallel: -resemblance: comparison: likeness of form or meaning, as of two statements, -clauses, or verses.--_adj._ PARALLELIS'TIC, of the nature of, or involving, -parallelism.--_adv._ PAR'ALLELLY.--PARALLEL BARS, a pair of bars securely -fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1-1/2 feet apart, used in -gymnastics to strengthen the arms; PARALLEL FORCES, forces which act in -parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of -moments; PARALLEL MOTION, a name given to any linkage by which circular -motion may be changed into straight-line motion; PARALLEL RULERS, a -mathematical instrument for drawing parallel lines. [Fr.,--L. -_parallelus_--Gr. _parall[=e]los_--_para_, beside, _all[=e]l[=o]n_, of one -another--_allos_, another.] - -PARALLELEPIPED, par-al-lel-e-p[=i]'ped, _n._ a regular solid, the opposite -sides and ends of which form three pairs of equal parallelograms.--Also -PARALLELEP[=I]'PEDON, improperly PARALLELOP[=I]'PED, PARALLELOP[=I]'PEDON. -[L.,--Gr. _parall[=e]lepipedon_--_parall[=e]los_, _epipedon_, a plane -surface--_epi_, on, _pedon_, the ground.] - -PARALLELOGRAM, par-al-lel'[=o]-gram, _n._ a plane four-sided figure, the -opposite sides of which are parallel and equal.--_adjs._ -PARALLELOGRAMMAT'IC, -AL, PARALLELOGRAM'MIC, -AL. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. -_parall[=e]los_, side by side, _gramma_, a line--_graphein_, to write.] - -PARALOGISM, par-al'[=o]-jizm, _n._ reasoning beside the point: a conclusion -not following from the premises--also PARAL'OGY.--_v.i._ PARAL'OGISE, to -reason falsely. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paralogismos_--_para_, beside, -_logismos_--_logos_, discourse.] - -PARALYSE, par'a-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to strike with paralysis or palsy: to make -useless: to deaden the action of: to exhaust.--_n._ PARAL'YSIS, a loss of -the power of motion, sensation, or function in any part of the body: palsy: -loss of energy: state of being crippled.--_adj._ PARALYT'IC, of or -pertaining to paralysis: afflicted with or inclined to paralysis.--_n._ one -who is affected with paralysis.--GENERAL PARALYSIS, dementia paralytica. -[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paralyein_, _paralysein_--_para_, beside, _lyein_, -loosen.] - -PARAMAGNETIC, par-a-mag-net'ik, _adj._ See under DIAMAGNETIC. - -PARAMASTOID, par-a-mas'toid, _adj._ situated near the mastoid, -paroccipital.--_n._ a paramastoid process. - -PARAMATTA, par-a-mat'a, _n._ a fabric like merino made of worsted and -cotton. [From _Paramatta_ in New South Wales.] - -PARAMECIUM, par-a-m[=e]'si-um, _n._ an infusorian in pond water or -vegetable infusions--also _Slipper Animalcule_:--_pl._ PARAM[=E]'CIA. [Gr. -_param[=e]k[=e]s_, long-shaped, _para_, beside, _m[=e]kos_, length.] - -PARAMENIA, par-a-m[=e]'ni-a, _n.pl._ disordered menstruation. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _m[=e]n_, a month.] - -PARAMERE, par'a-m[=e]r, _n._ (_biol._) a radiated part or organ: either -half of a bi-laterally symmetrical animal--usually _Antimere_.--_adj._ -PARAMER'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _meros_, a part.] - -PARAMETER, par-am'[=e]-t[.e]r, _n._ (_geom._) the constant quantity which -enters into the equation of a curve: in conic sections, a third -proportional to any diameter and its conjugate diameter. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _metron_, measure.] - -PARAMNESIA, par-am-n[=e]'si-a, _n._ false memory. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_mim-n[=e]skein_, to remind.] - -PARAMO, par'a-m[=o], _n._ a bare wind-swept elevated plain. [Sp.] - -PARAMORPH, par'a-morf, _n._ (_min._) a pseudomorph formed by a change in -molecular structure without change of chemical composition.--_adjs._ -PARAMORPH'IC, PARAMORPH'OUS.--_ns._ PARAMORPH'ISM, PARAMORPH[=O]'SIS. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _morph[=e]_, form.] - -PARAMOUNT, par'a-mownt, _adj._ superior to all others: chief: of the -highest order or importance--opp. to _Paravail_.--_n._ the chief: a -superior.--_adv._ PAR'AMOUNTLY. [O. Fr. _par amont_, _par_--L. prep. _per_; -cf. _Amount_.] - -PARAMOUR, par'a-m[=oo]r, _n._ a lover of either sex, now usually in the -illicit sense. [Fr. _par amour_, by or with love--L. _per amorem_.] - -PARANEMA, par-a-n[=e]'ma, _n._ (_bot._) paraphysis.--_adj._ PARANEMAT'IC. -[Gr. _para_, about, _n[=e]ma_, a thread.] - -PARANG, par'ang, _n._ a heavy Malay knife. [Malay.] - -PARANGON, pa-rang'gon, _n._ a jeweller's term for a gem of remarkable -excellence. [Fr.] - -PARANOEA, par-a-n[=e]'a, _n._ chronic mental derangement--also -PARANOI'A.--_ns._ PARANOE'AC, PARANOI'AC.--_adj._ PARANOE'IC. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _noein_, to think.] - -PARANTHELION, par-an-th[=e]'li-on, _n._ a diffuse whitish image of the sun, -having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120deg--due to -reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr. _para_, beside, _anti_, -against, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.] - -PARANUCLEUS, par-a-n[=u]'kl[=e]-us, _n._ (_biol._) an accessory nucleus in -some protozoans.--_adjs._ PARAN[=U]'CLEAR, PARAN[=U]'CLEATE.--_n._ -PARAN[=U]CL[=E]'OLUS, a mass of substance extruded from the nucleus, in -pollen and spore mother-cells before division. - -PARANYMPH, par'a-nimf, _n._ a friend of the bridegroom who escorted the -bride on the way to her marriage: a bride's-man: one who countenances and -supports another. [Gr. _para_, beside, _nymph[=e]_, a bride.] - -PARAPEPTONE, par-a-pep't[=o]n, _n._ a proteid compound formed in gastric -digestion, acid albumen. - -PARAPET, par'a-pet, _n._ a rampart breast-high, to protect soldiers on a -wall from the fire of an enemy: a breast-high wall on a bridge, house-roof, -a platform, &c., to prevent persons from falling over.--_adj._ PAR'APETED, -having a parapet. [Fr.,--It. _parapetto_--It. _parare_, to adorn--L. -_par[=a]re_, to prepare, It. _petto_--L. _pectus_, the breast.] - -PARAPH, par'af, _n._ a mark or flourish under one's signature.--_v.t._ to -append a paraph to, to sign with initials. [_Paragraph._] - -PARAPHASIA, par-a-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ a form of aphasia in which one word is -substituted for another. - -PARAPHERNALIA, par-a-f[.e]r-n[=a]l'i-a, _n.pl._ ornaments of dress of any -kind: trappings: that which a bride brings over and above her dowry: the -clothes, jewels, &c. which a wife possesses beyond her dowry in her own -right. [Late L. _parapherna_--Gr., from _para_, beyond, _phern[=e]_, a -dowry--_pherein_, to bring.] - -PARAPHIMOSIS, par-a-f[=i]-m[=o]'sis, _n._ strangulation of the glans penis -by constriction of the prepuce. - -PARAPHONIA, par-a-f[=o]'ni-a, _n._ in Byzantine music, a melodic -progression by consonances (fourths and fifths): an abnormal condition of -the voice: an alteration of the voice, as at puberty. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_ph[=o]n[=e]_, the voice.] - -PARAPHRAGM, par'a-fram, _n._ a kind of lateral diaphragm in -Crustacea.--_adj._ PARAPHRAG'MAL. [Gr. _para_, beside, _phrassein_, to -fence.] - -PARAPHRASE, par'a-fr[=a]z, _n._ a saying of the same thing in other words, -often more fully and more clearly: an explanation of a passage: a loose or -free translation: (_Scot._) one of a certain number of Scripture passages -turned into verse for use in the service of praise.--_v.t._ to say the same -thing in other words: to render more fully: to interpret or translate -freely.--_v.i._ to make a paraphrase.--_n._ PAR'APHRAST, one who -paraphrases.--_adjs._ PARAPHRAST'IC, -AL, of the nature of a paraphrase: -more clear and ample than the original passage: free, loose, -diffuse.--_adv._ PARAPHRAST'ICALLY.--PARAPHRASTIC CONJUGATION, one composed -of the verb _sum_ (am) with participial forms of the verbs conjugated -(_amaturus sum_, &c.). [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paraphrasis_--_para_, beside, -_phrasis_, a speaking--_phrazein_, to speak.] - -PARAPHYLLUM, par-a-fil'um, _n._ (_bot._) a small foliaceous organ between -the leaves of some mosses. [Gr. _para_, beside, _phyllon_, a leaf.] - -PARAPHYSIS, pa-raf'i-sis, _n._ an erect sterile filament accompanying the -sexual organs of some cryptogamous plants:--_pl._ PARAPH'YS[=E]S. - -PARAPLEGIA, par-a-pl[=e]'ji-a, _n._ a form of spinal paralysis in which -voluntary motion and sensation are interrupted below the level of the -affected part of the spinal cord, while reflex movements may be preserved -and certain forms even increased.--_adjs._ PARAPLEC'TIC, PARAPL[=E]'GIC. -[Gr. _para_, beside, _pl[=e]ssein_, to strike.] - -PARAPLEURUM, par-a-pl[=oo]'rum, _n._ one of the pleura or sternal -side-pieces in a beetle, &c.--Also PARAPLEU'RON. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_pleuron_, side.] - -PARAPODIUM, par-a-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ one of the jointless lateral appendages -of an annelid:--_pl._ PARAP[=O]'DIA. [Gr. _para_, beside, _pous_, _podos_, -a foot.] - -PARAPOPHYSIS, par-a-pof'i-sis, _n._ the inferior or anterior process on the -side of a vertebra--the superior or posterior one being a -_diapophysis_.--_adj._ PARAPOPHYS'IAL. [Gr. _para_, beside, _apophysis_, an -offshoot.] - -PARAPSIS, pa-rap'sis, _n._ (_entom._) one of the two lateral parts of the -mesoscutum of the thorax.--_adj._ PARAP'SIDAL. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_hapsis_, a loop.] - -PARAPSIS, pa-rap'sis, _n._ a disordered sense of touch.--Also PAR[=A]'PHIA. -[Gr. _para_, beside, _hapsis_, a touching.] - -PARAPTERUM, pa-rap'te-rum, _n._ (_entom._) the third sclerite of each -pleuron, or lateral segment of each thoracic somite--the first and second, -the _episternum_, and the _epimeron_: in birds, the scapular and adjoining -feathers of the wing.--_adj._ PARAP'TERAL. [Gr. _para_, beside, _pteron_, a -wing.] - -PARAQUITO, par-a-k[=e]'to, _n._ Same as PAROQUET, PARRAKEET. - -PARARCTALIA, par-ark-t[=a]'li-a, _n._ the northern temperate realm of the -waters of the globe.--_adj._ PARARCT[=A]'LIAN. - -PARARTHRIA, pa-r[:a]r'thri-[:a], _n._ disordered articulation of speech. -[Gr. _para_, beside, _arthron_, a joint.] - -PARASANG, par'a-sang, _n._ a Persian measure of length, containing 30 -stadia, equal to about 3-3/4 miles. [Gr. _parasang[=e]s_--Pers. _farsang_.] - -PARASCENIUM, par-a-s[=e]'ni-um, _n._ in the Greek theatre, one of the wings -on either side of the proscenium:--_pl._ PARASC[=E]'NIA. [Gr.] - -PARASCEVE, par'a-s[=e]v, _n._ the eve before the Jewish Sabbath when the -preparations are made: sometimes applied to Good-Friday: (_obs._) -preparation.--_adj._ PARASCENAS'TIC. [Gr. _paraskeu[=e]_, -preparation--_para_, beside, _skeu[=e]_, equipment.] - -PARASCHEMATIC, par-a-sk[=e]-mat'ik, _adj._ imitative. [Gr. _para_, beside, -_sch[=e]ma_, a scheme.] - -PARASELENE, par-a-se-l[=e]'n[=e], _n._ a mock moon, seen in connection with -a lunar rainbow (cf. _Parahelion_):--_pl._ PARASEL[=E]'NAE.--_adj._ -PARASELEN'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _sel[=e]n[=e]_, the moon.] - -PARASITE, par'a-s[=i]t, _n._ one who frequents another's table: a -hanger-on: a sycophant: (_bot._) a plant growing upon and nourished by the -juices of another: (_zool._) an animal which lives on another--its -host.--_adjs._ PARASIT'IC, -AL, like a parasite: fawning: acting as a -sycophant: living on other plants or animals.--_adv._ -PARASIT'ICALLY.--_ns._ PARASIT'ICALNESS; PARASIT'ICIDE, that which destroys -parasites; PAR'ASITISM; PARASITOL'OGIST; PARASITOL'OGY. [Fr.,--L. -_paras[=i]tus_--Gr. _parasitos_--_para_, beside, _sitos_, corn.] - -PARASOL, par'a-sol, _n._ a small umbrella used by women as a shade from the -sun.--_v.t._ to shelter from the sun. [Fr.,--It. _parasole_--_parare_, to -keep off--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, _sol_, _solis_, the sun.] - -PARASPHENOID, par-a-sf[=e]'noid, _n._ a bone which in some Vertebrata -underlies the base of the skull from the basi-occipital to the -presphenoidal region.--_adj._ lying under or alongside the sphenoid. - -PARASYNTHESIS, par-a-sin'the-sis, _n._ the principle of forming words by a -combined process of derivation and composition with a particle.--_adj._ -PARASYNTHET'IC.--_n._ PARASYN'THETON, a word so formed:--_pl._ -PARASYN'THETA. - -PARATAXIS, par-a-tak'sis, _n._ (_gram._) the arrangement of clauses or -propositions without connectives. [Gr.] - -PARATHESIS, pa-rath'e-sis, _n._ (_gram._) apposition: (_philol._) the -setting side by side of things of equivalent grade in the monosyllabic or -isolating languages: (_rhet._) a parenthetic notice of something to be -afterwards explained: in the Eastern Church, a prayer of the bishop over -converts or catechumens. [Gr.] - -PARATONIC, par-a-ton'ik, _adj._ retarding a plant's growth. [Gr. _para_, -beside, _teinein_, to stretch.] - -PARAVAIL, par'a-v[=a]l, _adj._ inferior: lowest, said of a feudal tenant: -of least account--opp. to _Paramount_. [O. Fr. _par aval_, below--L. _per_, -through, _ad_, to, _vallem_, a valley.] - -PARAVANT, PARAVAUNT, par'a-v[:a]nt, _adv._ (_Spens._) in front, first, -beforehand. [O. Fr. _paravant_--_par_, through, _avant_, before--L. _ab_, -from, _ante_, before.] - -PARBAKE, p[:a]r'b[=a]k, _v.t._ to bake partially. [Formed on analogy of -_parboil_.] - -PARBOIL, p[:a]r'boil, _v.t._ to boil slightly or in part--as if from _part_ -and _boil_. - -PARBREAK, p[:a]r'br[=a]k, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to throw out, to -vomit.--_n._ (_Spens._) vomit. [Fr. _par_--L. _per_, through, and _break_.] - -[Illustration] - -PARBUCKLE, p[:a]r'buk'l, _n._ a purchase made by looping a rope in the -middle to aid in rolling casks up or down an incline, or in furling a sail -by rolling the yards: a sling made by passing both ends of a rope through -its bight.--_v.t._ to hoist or lower by a parbuckle:--_pr.p._ par'buckling; -_pa.p._ par'buckled. [Prob. L. _par_, equal, and _buckle_.] - -PARCAE, p[:a]r's[=e], _n.pl._ the Fates. - -PARCEL, p[:a]r'sel, _n._ a little part: a portion: a quantity, as of single -articles: a number forming a group or a lot: a package.--_v.t._ to divide -into portions:--_pr.p._ par'celling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ par'celled.--_n._ -PAR'CEL-BAWD (_Shak._), one partly a bawd.--_adjs._ PAR'CEL-BEARD'ED -(_Tenn._), partially bearded; PAR'CEL-GILT, partially gilded.--_n._ -PAR'CEL-OFF'ICE, a place where parcels are received for despatch and -delivery.--PARCELS POST, that department of the post-office which takes -charge of the forwarding and delivery of small parcels. [Fr. _parcelle_ -(It. _particella_)--L. _particula_, dim. of _pars_, _partis_, a part.] - -PARCENARY, par'se-n[=a]-ri, _n._ co-heirship.--_n._ PAR'CENER, a co-heir. - -PARCH, p[:a]rch, _v.t._ to burn slightly: to scorch.--_v.i._ to be -scorched: to become very dry.--_adj._ PARCHED, scorched.--_adv._ -PARCH'EDLY.--_n._ PARCH'EDNESS. [M. E. _parchen_, either a variety of -_per(s)chen_=_peris(c)hen_, to kill, or from _perchen_, to pierce.] - -PARCHMENT, p[:a]rch'ment, _n._ the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for -writing on.--PARCHMENT PAPER, or VEGETABLE PARCHMENT (see PAPER).--VIRGIN -PARCHMENT, a fine kind of parchment made from the skins of new-born lambs -or kids. [Fr. _parchemin_--L. _pergamena_ (_charta_, paper)--from Gr. -_Pergamos_.] - -PARD, p[:a]rd, _n._ (_slang_) a partner, mate. - -PARD, p[:a]rd, _n._ the panther: the leopard: in poetry, any spotted -animal.--_n._ PARD'ALE (_Spens._). [L. _pardus_--Gr. _pardos_, the panther, -the leopard.] - -PARDIEU, p[:a]r'd[=u], PARDI, PARDY, p[:a]r'di, _adv._ (_Spens._) in truth: -certainly. [Fr., by God--_par_--L. _per_, through, by, _Dieu_--L. _deus_, -God.] - -PARDON, p[:a]r'don, _v.t._ to forgive, said either of an offender or of a -crime: to pass by without punishment or blame: to set free from punishment: -to let off without doing something.--_n._ forgiveness, either of an -offender or of his offence: remission of a penalty or punishment: a warrant -declaring a pardon: a papal indulgence.--_adj._ PAR'DONABLE, that may be -pardoned: excusable.--_n._ PAR'DONABLENESS.--_adv._ PAR'DONABLY.--_n._ -PAR'DONER, one who pardons: formerly, one licensed to sell papal -indulgences.--_p.adj._ PAR'DONING, disposed to pardon: forgiving: -exercising the right or power to pardon: conferring authority to grant -pardon.--PARDON ME, excuse me--used in apology and to soften a -contradiction. [Fr. _pardonner_--Low L. _perdon[=a]re_--L. _per_, through, -away, _don[=a]re_, to give.] - -PARDY, p[:a]r'di, _adv._ A form of _pardieu_. - -PARE, p[=a]r, _v.t._ to cut or shave off: to trim, or to remove by cutting: -to diminish by littles.--_n._ P[=A]R'ER, one who, or that which, pares. -[Fr. _parer_--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare.] - -PAREGORIC, par-[=e]-gor'ik, _adj._ soothing, lessening pain.--_n._ a -medicine that soothes pain: tincture of opium. [L.,--Gr. -_par[=e]gorikos_--_par[=e]gorein_, to exhort.] - -PAREIL, par-el', _n._ an equal. [Fr.,--L. _par_, equal.] - -PAREIRA, pa-r[=a]'ra, _n._ a tonic diuretic drug derived from various South -and Central American plants. [Braz.] - -PARELLA, pa-rel'la, _n._ a crustaceous lichen yielding archil, cudbear, and -litmus.--Also PARELLE'. [Fr. _parelle_.] - -PAREMBOLE, pa-rem'b[=o]-l[=e], _n._ (_rhet._) an inserted phrase modifying -or explaining the thought of the sentence--closer to the context than a -parenthesis. [Gr.] - -PARENCHYMA, pa-reng'ki-m[:a], _n._ the soft cellular tissue of glandular -and other organs, as the pith in plants or the pulp in fruits.--_adjs._ -PARENCH'YMAL, PARENCHYM'ATOUS, PARENCH'YMOUS. [Gr., _para_, beside, -_engchein_, to pour in.] - -PARENESIS, pa-ren'e-sis, _n._ persuasion.--_adjs._ PARENET'IC, -AL, -hortatory. [Gr. _parainesis_, exhortation, _para_, beside, _ainein_, to -praise.] - -PARENT, p[=a]r'ent, _n._ one who begets or brings forth: a father or a -mother: one who, or that which, produces: an author: a cause.--_n._ -PAR'ENTAGE, descent from parents: birth: extraction: rank or character -derived from one's parents or ancestors: relation of parents to their -children.--_adj._ PARENT'AL, pertaining to, or becoming, parents: -affectionate: tender.--_adv._ PARENT'ALLY.--_ns._ PAR'ENTHOOD, state of -being a parent: duty or feelings of a parent; PARENT'ICIDE, one who kills a -parent.--_adj._ PAR'ENTLESS, without a parent. [Fr., 'kinsman'--L. -_parens_, for _pariens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.] - -PARENTHESIS, pa-ren'the-sis, _n._ a word, phrase, or sentence put in or -inserted in another which is grammatically complete without it: (_pl._) the -marks ( ) used to mark off a parenthesis:--_pl._ PAREN'THESES -(-s[=e]z).--_v.i._ PARENTH'ESISE.--_adjs._ PARENTHET'IC, -AL, of the nature -of a parenthesis: expressed in a parenthesis: using parentheses.--_adv._ -PARENTHET'ICALLY. [Gr.,--_para_, beside, _en_, in, _thesis_, a -placing--_tithenai_, to place.] - -PARERGON, pa-r[.e]r'gon, _n._ a by-work, any work subsidiary to another. -[Gr.,--_para_, beside, _ergon_, work.] - -PARESIS, par'e-sis, _n._ a diminished activity of function--a partial form -of paralysis.--_adj._ PARET'IC. [Gr., _parienai_, to relax.] - -PARFAY, p[:a]r-f[=a]', _interj._ by or in faith. [Fr.] - -PARFILAGE, p[:a]r'fi-l[=a]j, _n._ the unravelling of woven fabrics, to save -gold or silver threads. [Fr.] - -PARFLECHE, p[:a]r-flesh', _n._ rawhide of buffalo-skin stripped of hair and -dried on a stretcher: a wallet, tent, &c. of such material. [Canadian -Fr.,--Ind.] - -PARGASITE, p[:a]r'ga-s[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green crystallised variety of -amphibole or hornblende. - -PARGET, p[:a]r'jet, _n._ (_Spens._) the plaster of a wall: paint.--_v.t._ -to plaster: to paint.--_ns._ PAR'GETER; PAR'GETING, PARGE'-WORK. [L. -_paries_, _parietis_, a wall; or Low L. _spargit[=a]re_, to sprinkle--L. -_sparg[)e]re_.] - -PARHELION, par-h[=e]'li-un, _n._ a bright light caused by refraction of -light through ice crystals floating in the air, sometimes seen near the -sun, and sometimes opposite to the sun, when it is called -_anthelion_:--_pl._ PARH[=E]'LIA.--_adjs._ PARHEL'IC, PARHEL[=I]'ACAL. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.] - -PARIAH, p[=a]r'i-a, _n._ a member of a caste in southern India, lower than -the four Brahminical castes: one who has lost his caste: an outcast. -[Tamil.] - -PARIAN, p[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to or found in the island of -_Paros_, in the Aegean Sea.--_n._ an inhabitant of Paros: a fine porcelain -for statuettes, resembling marble.--PARIAN MARBLE, a fine marble found in -Paros, much used by the ancients for statues. - -PARIDIGITATE, par-i-dij'i-t[=a]t, _adj._ having an even number of digits. - -PARIETAL, pa-r[=i]'et-al, _adj._ pertaining to a wall or walls: (_anat._) -forming the sides: (_bot._) growing from the inner lining of an organ, and -not from the axis, as seeds in the ovary.--_n._ one of the bones of the -skull. [L. _parietalis_--_paries_, _parietis_, a wall.] - -PARING, p[=a]r'ing, _n._ act of trimming or cutting off: that which is -pared off: rind: the cutting off of the surface of grass land for tillage. - -PARIPINNATE, par-i-pin'[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) equally pinnate. - -PARISH, par'ish, _n._ a district under one pastor: an ecclesiastical -district having officers of its own and supporting its own poor: the people -of a parish.--_adj._ belonging or relating to a parish: employed or -supported by the parish.--_n._ PARISH'IONER, one who belongs to or is -connected with a parish: a member of a parish church.--PARISH CLERK, the -clerk or recording officer of a parish: the one who leads the responses in -the service of the Church of England; PARISH PRIEST, a priest who has -charge of a parish; PARISH REGISTER, a book in which the births, marriages, -and deaths of a parish are registered. [Fr. _paroisse_--L. _paroecia_--Gr. -_paroikia_--_paroikos_, dwelling beside--_para_, beside, _oikos_, a -dwelling.] - -PARISIAN, par-iz'i-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Paris_.--_n._ a native -or resident of Paris:--_fem._ PARISIENNE'.--PARIS DOLL, a small figure -dressed in the latest fashions, sent out by Paris modistes. - -PARISYLLABIC, par-i-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having the same number of syllables. - -PARITOR, par'i-tor, _n._ Same as APPARITOR. - -PARITY, par'i-ti, _n._ state of being equal in rank, position, quality, -&c.: resemblance: analogy. [Fr. _parit['e]_--L. _paritas_--_par_, equal.] - -PARK, p[:a]rk, _n._ an enclosed piece of land for a special purpose, as for -wild beasts: a grass field: a tract of land surrounding a mansion: a piece -of ground enclosed for recreation: (_mil._) a space in an encampment -occupied by the artillery; hence, a collection of artillery, or stores in -an encampment.--_v.t._ to enclose: to bring together in a body, as -artillery.--_n._ PARK'ER, the keeper of a park. [A.S. _pearroc_, prob. -modified by Fr. _parc_.] - -PARLANCE, p[:a]r'lans, _n._ speaking: conversation: peculiar manner of -conversation.--_adj._ and _adv._ PARLAN'DO, declamatory in style: in -recitative.--_v.i._ PARLE (_Shak._), to talk.--_n._ (_Shak._) talk, -conversation.--_v.i._ PAR'LEY, to speak with another: to confer on some -important point: to treat with an enemy.--_n._ talk: a conference with an -enemy in war. [Fr. _parler_--L. _parabola_--Gr. _parabol[=e]_, a parable, -word.] - -PARLIAMENT, p[:a]r'li-ment, _n._ a meeting for deliberation: the supreme -legislature of Great Britain, also of some of her colonies: in France, down -to the Revolution, one of certain superior and final courts of judicature, -in which also the edicts of the king were registered before becoming -law.--_adjs._ PARLIAMENT[=A]'RIAN, adhering to the Parliament in opposition -to Charles I.; PARLIAMENT'ARY, pertaining to parliament: enacted or done by -parliament: according to the rules and practices of legislative -bodies.--PARLIAMENTARY AGENT, a person employed by private persons or -societies for drafting bills or managing business to be brought before -parliament; PARLIAMENTARY BOROUGH, a borough having the right of sending a -member or members to parliament; PARLIAMENTARY TRAIN, a train which, by act -of parliament, runs both ways along a line of railway, at least once each -day, at the rate of one penny per mile.--ACT OF PARLIAMENT, a statute that -has passed through both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, and -received the formal royal assent. [Fr. _parlement_--_parler_, to speak.] - -PARLOUR, p[:a]r'lur, _n._ an ordinary family sitting-room: a room for -receiving guests in.--_n._ PAR'LOUR-BOARD'ER, a pupil at a boarding-school -who enjoys particular privileges. [Fr., _parloir_--_parler_, to speak.] - -PARLOUS, p[:a]r'lus, _adj._ perilous, venturesome, notable.--_adv._ -PAR'LOUSLY. [_Perilous._] - -PARMACETY, par-mas-it'i, _n._ (_Shak._) a corr. of _spermaceti_. - -PARMESAN, par-me-zan', _adj._ pertaining to _Parma_.--_n._ Parmesan cheese. - -PARNASSUS, par-nas'us, _n._ a mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the -Muses.--_adj._ PARNASS'IAN.--GRASS OF PARNASSUS, a plant with beautiful -white or yellowish flowers. - -PARNELLISM, p[:a]r'nel-izm, _n._ the plans and methods of agitation used by -Charles Stewart _Parnell_ (1846-91) for the purpose of promoting 'Home -Rule' for Ireland.--_n._ PAR'NELLITE, one of the followers of C. S. -Parnell.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the nationalist movement led by -Parnell. - -PAROCCIPITAL, par-ok-sip'i-tal, _adj._ situated near the occiput. - -PAROCHIAL, par-[=o]'ki-al, _adj._ of or relating to a parish: restricted or -confined within narrow limits--of sentiments, tastes, &c.--_v.t._ -PAR[=O]'CHIALISE, to form into parishes.--_n._ PAR[=O]'CHIALISM, a system -of local government which makes the parish the unit--hence provincialism, -narrowness of view.--_adv._ PAR[=O]'CHIALLY.--PAROCHIAL BOARD (in -Scotland), the board in each parish which relieves the poor. [L. -_parochialis_--_parochia_, a variant of _paroecia_.] - -PARODY, par'o-di, _n._ an imitation of a poem in which its words and ideas -are so far changed as to produce a ridiculous effect.--_v.t._ to turn into -parody, to make a parody of:--_pa.p._ par'odied.--_adjs._ PAROD'IC, --AL.--_n._ PAR'ODIST, one who writes a parody. [L.,--Gr. -_par[=o]dia_--_para_, beside, _[=o]d[=e]_, an ode.] - -PAROLE, par-[=o]l', _n._ word of mouth: (_mil._) word of honour (esp. by a -prisoner of war, to fulfil certain conditions): the daily password in a -camp or garrison.--_adj._ given by word of mouth: oral--opp. to -_Documentary_, as _parole_ evidence. [Fr.,--L. _parabola_, a parable, -saying.] - -PARONOMASIA, par-[=o]-n[=o]-m[=a]'zhi-a, _n._ a rhetorical figure in which -words similar in sound but different in meaning are set in opposition to -each other: a play upon words--also PARONOM'ASY.--_adjs._ PARONOMAS'TIC, --AL.--_ns._ PAR'ONYME, PAR'ONYM, a paronymous word--opp. to -_Homonym_.--_adj._ PARON'YMOUS, formed by a slight change of word or name: -derived from the same root: having the same sound, but different in -spelling and meaning.--_n._ PARON'YMY, quality of being paronymous. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _onoma_, name.] - -PAROQUET, PARROQUET, par'o-ket, _n._ a small long-tailed tropical and -subtropical parrot.--Also PARR'AKEET. [Fr. _perroquet_--_Pierrot_, dim. of -_Pierre_, Peter.] - -PAROSMIA, pa-ros'mi-a, _n._ a perversion of the sense of smell. [Gr. -_para_, beside, _osm[=e]_, smell.] - -PAROTID, par-ot'id, _n._ the largest of the three pairs of salivary glands, -situated immediately in front of the ear--also PAR[=O]'TIS.--_adj._ -PAROT'IC, auricular, situated about the outer ear.--_ns._ PAROTID[=I]'TIS, -PAROT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the parotic gland. [L.,--Gr. _par[=o]tis_, -_-idos_--_para_, beside, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, ear.] - -PAROXYSM, par'oks-izm, _n._ a fit of acute pain occurring at intervals: a -fit of passion: any sudden violent action.--_adjs._ PAROXYS'MAL, -PAROXYS'MIC, pertaining to, or occurring in, paroxysms. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. -_paroxysmos_--_para_, beyond, _oxys_, sharp.] - -PAROXYTONE, par-ok'si-t[=o]n, _adj._ having the acute accent on the last -syllable but one.--_n._ a word with an acute accent on the second last -syllable.--_v.t._ to accent a word in this way. - -[Illustration] - -PARQUET, p[:a]r-ket', _n._ the part of the floor of a theatre, &c., behind -the musicians' seats, but not under the gallery: the pit or the whole of -the floor of a theatre: parquetry.--_n._ PAR'QUETRY, woodwork inlaid with -figures, for floors. [Fr. _parquet_, an inlaid floor, dim. of _parc_, an -enclosure.] - -PARR, p[:a]r, _n._ a young salmon. - -PARRAKEET, par'a-k[=e]t, _n._ Same as PAROQUET. - -PARRHESIA, pa-r[=e]'si-a, _n._ boldness of speech. [Gr.] - -PARRICIDE, par'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder of one's own father or mother: -the murder of a parent: the murder of any one to whom reverence is -due.--_adj._ PARRICID'AL, pertaining to, or committing, parricide. -[Fr.,--L. _parricida_ (for _patri-cida_)--_pater_, _patris_, father, -_caed[)e]re_, to slay.] - -PARROT, par'rut, _n._ one of a family of tropical and subtropical birds, -with brilliant plumage and a hooked bill, remarkable for their faculty of -imitating the human voice: a repeater of the words of others.--_v.t._ and -_v.i._ to repeat by rote.--_ns._ PAR'ROT-COAL, a kind of coal which -crepitates in burning; PAR'ROTER; PAR'ROT-FISH, a name applied to various -fishes, from their colours or the shape of their jaws; PAR'ROTRY, servile -imitation. [Contr. of Fr. _perroquet_.] - -PARRY, par'i, _v.t._ to ward or keep off: to turn aside: to avoid:--_pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ parr'ied.--_n._ a turning aside of a blow or a thrust: a -defensive movement of any kind. [Fr. _parer_--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, -in Low L. to keep off.] - -PARSE, p[:a]rs, _v.t._ (_gram._) to tell the parts of speech of a sentence -and the relations of the various words to each other.--_n._ PARS'ING. [L. -_pars (orationis)_, a part of speech.] - -PARSEE, PARSI, p[:a]r's[=e], _n._ one of the surviving remnant of -Zoroastrianism which took refuge in India in the 7th century: a -fire-worshipper.--_n._ PAR'SEEISM. [Pers. _P[=a]rs[=i]_--_P[=a]rs_, -Persia.] - -PARSIMONY, p[:a]r'si-mun-i, _n._ sparingness in the spending of money: -frugality: niggardliness.--_adj._ PARSIM[=O]'NIOUS, sparing in the use of -money: frugal to excess: niggardly: covetous.--_adv._ -PARSIM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_n._ PARSIM[=O]'NIOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. _parsimonia_, -_parcimonia_--_parc[)e]re_, to spare.] - -PARSLEY, p[:a]rs'li, _n._ a bright-green herb, with finely divided, -strongly scented leaves, used in cookery. [Fr. _persil_--L. -_petroselinum_--Gr. _petroselinon_--_petros_, a rock, _selinon_, a kind of -parsley.] - -PARSNIP, PARSNEP, p[:a]rs'nip, _n._ an edible plant with a carrot-like -root. [O. Fr. _pastenaque_--L. _pastinaca_--_pastinum_, a dibble.] - -PARSON, p[:a]r'sn, _n._ the priest or incumbent of a parish: a clergyman: -one who is licensed to preach.--_n._ PAR'SONAGE, the residence of the -minister of a parish: (_orig._) the house, lands, tithes, &c. set apart for -the support of the minister of a parish.--_adjs._ PARSON'IC, PAR'SONISH, -pertaining to or like a parson. [O. Fr. _persone_--L. _pers[=o]na_, a -person.] - -PART, p[:a]rt, _n._ something less than the whole: a portion: a quantity or -number making up with others a larger quantity or number: a fraction: a -member or essential part of a whole: a proportional quantity: one's share: -interest: side or party: action: character taken by an actor in a play: -(_math._) a quantity which taken a certain number of times will equal a -larger quantity: an exact divisor: (_mus._) one of the melodies of a -harmony: (_pl._) qualities: talents.--_v.t._ to divide: to make into parts: -to put or keep asunder.--_v.i._ to be separated: to be torn asunder: to -have a part or share.--_adj._ PART'ED (_Shak._), endowed with parts or -abilities: (_bot._) deeply cleft, as a leaf.--_n._ PART'ER.--_adv._ -PART'LY, in part: in some degree.--PART OF SPEECH (_gram._), one of the -various classes of words.--FOR MY PART, as far as concerns me; FOR THE MOST -PART, commonly; IN BAD, or ILL, PART, unfavourably; IN GOOD PART, -favourably; TAKE PART IN, to share or to assist in; TAKE PART WITH, to take -one's side. [Fr.,--L. _pars_, _partis_.] - -PARTAKE, p[:a]r-t[=a]k', _v.i._ to take or have a part, either absolutely, -or with of or in before the thing shared, as food, &c.: to have something -of the nature or properties, &c.: to be admitted: (_Shak._) to make common -cause.--_v.t._ to have a part in: to share: (_Shak._) to -communicate:--_pr.p._ part[=a]'king; _pa.t._ partook'; _pa.p._ -part[=a]'ken.--_ns._ PART[=A]'KER, one who shares in along with others: a -partner: an accomplice; PART[=A]'KING, a sharing: (_law_) a combination in -an evil design. [_Part_ and _take_.] - -PARTAN, par'tan, _n._ (_Scot._) a small edible sea-crab. [Gael.] - -PARTERRE, par-ter', _n._ an arrangement of flower-plots with spaces of turf -or gravel between for walks: the pit of a theatre, esp. beneath the -galleries. [Fr.,--L. _per terram_, along the ground.] - -PARTHENOGENESIS, p[:a]r-the-n[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ reproduction without -renewed impregnation by a male, as in aphids or plant-lice, &c.--also -PARTHENOG'ENY.--_adjs._ PARTHENOGENET'IC, PARTHENOG'ENOUS. [Gr. -_parthenos_, a virgin, _genesis_, production.] - -PARTHENON, p[:a]r'the-non, _n._ the temple of Ath[=e]n[=e] _Parth[)e]nos_, -on the Acropolis at Athens. [Gr. _Parthen[=o]n_--_parthenos_, a virgin.] - -PARTHIAN, par'thi-an, _adj._ of or belonging to _Parthia_, in Persia.--A -PARTHIAN SHOT, a shot or blow given while pretending to fly, a parting -shot. - -PARTIAL, p[:a]r'shal, _adj._ relating to a part only: not total or entire: -inclined to favour one person or party: having a preference: (_bot._) -subordinate.--_v.t._ PAR'TIALISE (_Shak._), to render partial.--_ns._ -PAR'TIALISM, the doctrine of the Partialists; PAR'TIALIST, one who holds -that the atonement of Christ was made only for a part of mankind; -PARTIAL'ITY, state or quality of being partial: liking for one thing more -than for others.--_adv._ PAR'TIALLY.[Fr.,--Low L. _partialis_--L. _pars_, a -part.] - -PARTIBLE, p[:a]r'ti-bl, _adj._ that may be parted: separable.--_n._ -PARTIBIL'ITY. - -PARTIBUS, par'ti-bus, _n._ in Scots law, a note on the margin of a summons, -giving name and designation of the pursuer.--IN PARTIBUS INFIDELIUM, a -phrase applying formerly to bishops who were merely titular, without -regular jurisdiction, their function to assist some other bishop or to act -as delegates of the Pope where no hierarchy had as yet been established. - -PARTICIPATE, p[:a]r-tis'i-p[=a]t, _v.i._ to partake: to have a -share.--_v.t._ to receive a part or share of.--_n._ P[:A]R'TICEPS -CRIM'INIS, one who, although not present, helps in any way the commission -of a crime, or who after the deed assists or hides the person who did -it.--_adjs._ PARTIC'IPABLE, capable of being participated in or shared; -PARTIC'IPANT, participating: sharing.--_n._ a partaker.--_adv._ -PARTIC'IPANTLY.--_n._ PARTICIP[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PARTIC'IP[=A]TIVE, capable -of participating.--_n._ PARTIC'IP[=A]TOR, one who partakes with another: a -sharer. [L. _particip[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pars_, part, _cap[)e]re_, to -take.] - -PARTICIPLE, p[:a]r'ti-si-pl, _n._ a word having the value of an adjective -but regularly formed from a verb.--_adj._ PARTICIP'IAL, having the nature -of a participle: formed from a participle.--_adv._ -PARTICIP'IALLY.[L.,--_participium_--_particeps_--_pars_, a part, -_cap[)e]re_, to take.] - -PARTICLE, p[:a]r'ti-kl, _n._ a little part: a very small portion: -(_physics_) the minutest part into which a body can be divided: an atom: -(_gram._) an indeclinable word, as a preposition, a conjunction, an -interjection: a word that can only be used in composition, as _wise_ in -side_wise_: (_R.C. Church_) a crumb of consecrated bread, also the 'smaller -breads' used in the communion of the laity.--_adj._ PARTIC'ULAR, relating -to a part of anything: pertaining to a single person or thing: individual: -special: worthy of special attention: concerned with or marking things -single or distinct: exact: nice in taste: precise.--_n._ a distinct or -minute part: a single point: a single instance: (_pl._) details.--_n._ -PARTICULARIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PARTIC'ULARISE, to mention the particulars -of: to enumerate in detail: to give a special description of.--_v.i._ to -mention or attend to single things or minute details.--_ns._ -PARTIC'ULARISM, attention to one's own interest or party: a particular or -minute description: the doctrine that salvation is offered only to -particular individuals, the elect, and not freely to the whole race on -condition of faith; PARTIC'ULARIST, one who holds the doctrine of -particularism.--_adj._ PARTICULARIST'IC.--_n._ PARTICULAR'ITY, quality of -being particular: minuteness of detail: a single act or case: a single or a -minute circumstance: something peculiar or singular.--_adv._ PARTIC'ULARLY, -in an especial manner: in a high degree: (_B._) in detail.--_n._ -PARTIC'ULARNESS.--_adj._ PARTIC'UL[=A]TE, having the form of a small -particle.--IN PARTICULAR, specially, distinctly. [Fr.,--L. _particula_, -dim. of _pars_, _partis_, a part.] - -PARTIM, part'im, _adv._ in part. [L.] - -PARTING, p[:a]rt'ing, _adj._ putting apart: separating: departing: given at -parting.--_n._ the act of parting: a division: a point or a line of -division: the division of the hair on the head in dressing it: (_geol._) a -division of a mineral into layers: a snapping or breaking under a great -strain, as of a cable.--_n._ PART'ING-CUP, a drinking-cup with two handles -on opposite sides. - -PARTISAN, p[:a]r'ti-zan, _n._ an adherent of a party or a faction: one who -is too strongly devoted to his own party or sect to be able to understand -or to judge fairly of others.--_adj._ adhering to a party.--_n._ -PAR'TISANSHIP. [Fr. (It. _partigiano_),--L. _part[=i]ri_.] - -PARTISAN, p[:a]r'ti-zan, _n._ a kind of halberd or long-handled weapon, -common in the Middle Ages: a soldier armed with such a weapon. [O. Fr. -_pertuisane_, which is perh. from Old High Ger. _parta_ a battle-axe, seen -in _halberd_.] - -PARTITION, par-tish'un, _n._ act of parting or dividing: state of being -divided: separate part: that which divides: a wall between apartments: the -place where separation is made.--_v.t._ to divide into shares: to divide -into parts by walls.--_adjs._ PAR'T[=I]TE, divided into parts: (_bot._) -parted nearly to the base; PAR'TITIVE, parting: dividing: -distributive.--_n._ (_gram._) a word denoting a part or partition.--_adv._ -PAR'TITIVELY. [Fr.,--L. _partitio_--_part[=i]ri_, divide.] - -PARTLET, p[:a]rt'let, _n._ a ruff or band worn round the neck or shoulders -by women: a hen, from its habit of ruffling the feathers round its neck. -[Prob. O. Fr. _Pertelote_, a woman's name.] - -PARTNER, p[:a]rt'n[.e]r, _n._ a sharer: an associate: one engaged with -another in business: one who plays on the same side in a game: one who -dances with another: a husband or wife.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to join as a -partner.--_ns._ PART'NERSHIP, state of being a partner: a contract between -persons engaged in any business; SLEEP'ING-PART'NER, one who has money -invested in a business, but takes no part in its management. - -PARTRIDGE, p[:a]r'trij, _n._ a genus of gallinaceous birds preserved for -game.--_n._ PAR'TRIDGE-WOOD, a hard variegated wood, from Brazil and the -West Indies, used in cabinet-work. [Fr. _perdrix_--L. _perdix_, -_perdicis_--Gr. _perdix_.] - -PART-SINGING, p[:a]rt'-sing-ing, _n._ act or practice of singing different -parts in harmony.--_n._ PART'-SONG, a song sung in parts. - -PARTURE, p[:a]rt'[=u]r, _n._ (_Spens._) departure. - -PARTURIENT, p[:a]r-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ bringing, or about to bring, forth -young: fruitful.--_n._ PART[=U]RI'TION, act of bringing forth.--_adj._ -PART[=U]'RITIVE. [L. _parturiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of -_partur[=i]re_--_par[)e]re_, to bring forth.] - -PARTY, p[:a]r'ti, _n._ a part of a greater number of persons: a faction: a -company met for a particular purpose, as a dinner party, a pleasure party, -&c.: an assembly: one concerned in any affair: the person or persons on -either side in a law-suit: (_colloq._) a single individual spoken of: -(_mil._) a detachment of soldiers.--_adj._ belonging to a party and not to -the whole: consisting of different parties, parts, or things: (_her._) -parted or divided.--_adjs._ PAR'TI-COAT'ED, having on a coat of various -colours; PAR'TI-COL'OURED, coloured differently at different parts.--_ns._ -PAR'TYISM, devotion to party; PAR'TY-JU'RY, a jury half of natives and half -of aliens; PAR'TY-MAN, a member of a party: a partisan; PAR'TY-POL'ITICS, -politics viewed from a party stand-point, or arranged to suit the views or -interests of a party; PAR'TY-SPIR'IT, the unreasonable spirit shown by a -party-man toward those who do not belong to his party.--_adj._ -PAR'TY-SPIR'ITED.--_ns._ PAR'TY-VER'DICT, a joint verdict; PAR'TY-WALL, a -wall between two adjoining properties, built half on one and half on the -other: a wall separating one house from another. [O. Fr. _partir_--L. -_part[=i]ri_, to divide--_pars_, a part.] - -PARURE, pa-r[:u]r', _n._ a set of ornaments, &c. [Fr.] - -PARVANIMITY, par-va-nim'i-ti, _n._ littleness of mind. - -PARVENU, p[:a]r've-n[=u], _n._ an upstart: one newly risen into notice or -power.--_adj._ like a parvenu. [Fr., pa.p. of _parvenir_--L. -_perven[=i]re_, to arrive at--_per_, through, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] - -PARVIS, PARVISE, p[:a]r'vis, _n._ a porch, or an enclosed space before a -church: a room over a church porch used as a store, or schoolroom, or as an -ecclesiastic's chamber. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _paravisus_, corr. of Gr. -_paradeisos_; cf. _Paradise_.] - -PAS, p[:a], _n._ a step, as in dancing or marching: a dance, as in 'Pas -seul'=a dance by one person, 'Pas deux'=a dance of two persons.--PAS -D'ARMES, a joust, a tilt, or a tourney.--HAVE THE PAS OF ONE, to take -precedence of him. [Fr.] - -PASCH, pask, _n._ the Jewish Passover: Easter.--_adj._ PASCH'AL, pertaining -to the Passover, or to Easter.--_ns._ PASCH'AL-CAN'DLE, a large candle -blessed and placed on the altar on the day before Easter; PASCH'AL-FLOW'ER -(see PASQUE); PASCH'AL-LAMB, the lamb slain and eaten at the Jewish -Passover; PASCH'-EGG, an Easter-egg.--PASCH OF THE CROSS, Good-Friday; -PASCHAL CONTROVERSY, a long dispute in the early church about the proper -time for celebrating Easter. [A.S. _pascha_--L.,--Gr.,--Heb. _pesach_, the -Passover--_pasach_, to pass over.] - -PASCUAGE, pas'k[=u]-[=a]j, _n._ the grazing or pasturing of -cattle.--_adjs._ PAS'C[=U]AL, PAS'C[=U]OUS. [L. _pascuum_, -pasture--_pasc[)e]re_, to feed.] - -PASH, pash, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to strike, to dash, to crush.--_n._ a blow. -[Perh. imit.] - -PASH, pash, _n._ (_Shak._) the head, the face. - -PASHA, PACHA, pash'[:a], _n._ a title given to Turkish officers who are -governors of provinces or hold high naval and military commands.--_ns._ -PASH'ALIC, PACH'ALIC, the jurisdiction of a pasha. [Turk.,--Pers. -_p[=a]sh[=a]_, _p[=a]dsh[=a]h_.] - -PASIGRAPHY, pa-sig'ra-fi, _n._ a system of language-signs universally -intelligible.--_adjs._ PASIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PAS'ILALY, universal -speech. [Gr. _pas_, all, _graphein_, to write.] - -PASQUE-FLOWER, pask'-flow'[.e]r, _n._ one of several genera of anemone, -blooming about Easter--also _Campana_ and _Dane-flower_. - -PASQUIN, pas'kwin, _n._ a lampoon or satire--also PAS'QUIL.--_v.t._ and -_v.i._ to lampoon or satirise--also PAS'QUIL.--_ns._ PAS'QUILANT, -PAS'QUILER, PASQUIN[=A]'DER, a lampooner; PASQUIN[=A]DE', a -lampoon.--_v.t._ to lampoon. [_Pasquino_, a sarcastic tailor in Rome in the -15th century, near whose house a mutilated statue was dug up just after his -death, on which lampoons were posted.] - -PASS, pas, _v.i._ to pace or walk onward: to move from one place or state -to another: to travel: to change: to circulate: to be regarded: to go by: -to go unheeded or neglected: to elapse, as time: to be finished: to move -away: to disappear: (_B._) to pass away: to go through an examination or an -inspection: to be approved: to meet with acceptance: to happen: to fall, as -by inheritance: to flow through: to thrust, as with a sword: to run, as a -road.--_v.t._ to go by, over, beyond, through, &c.: to spend: to omit: to -disregard: to surpass: to enact, or to be enacted by: to cause to move: to -send: to transfer: to give forth: to cause to go from one person or state -to another: to approve: to undergo successfully: to give circulation to: -(_fencing_) to thrust:--_pa.p._ passed and past.--_n._ a way through which -one passes: a narrow passage, esp. over or through a range of mountains: a -narrow defile: a passport: state or condition: a written permission to go -out or in anywhere: a ticket: (_fencing_) a thrust: success in any -examination or other test, a certificate of having reached a certain -standard--without honours.--_adj._ PASS'ABLE, that may be passed, travelled -over, or navigated: that may bear inspection: that may be accepted or -allowed to pass: a little above the common: tolerable.--_n._ -PASS'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PASS'ABLY.--_ns._ PASS'BOOK, a book that passes -between a trader and his customer, in which credit purchases are entered: a -bank-book; PASS'-CHECK, a ticket of admission to a place, or of readmission -when one goes out intending to return; PASS'ER, one who passes; PASS'ER-BY, -one who passes by or near; PASS'KEY, a key enabling one to enter a house: a -key for opening several locks.--_adj._ PASS'LESS, having no pass: -impassable.--_ns._ PASS'MAN, one who gains a degree or pass without honours -at a university; PASS'PORT, a warrant of protection and permission to -travel; PASS'WORD (_mil._), a private word by which a friend is -distinguishable from a stranger, enabling one to pass or enter a camp, -&c.--PASS MUSTER, to go through an inspection without fault being found; -PASS OFF, to impose fraudulently, to palm off; PASS ON, to go forward: to -proceed; PASS ON, or UPON, to come upon, to happen to: to give judgment or -sentence upon: to practise artfully, to impose upon, to palm off; PASS -OVER, or BY, to go to the other side of: to cross, to go past without -visiting or halting: to overlook, to disregard; PASS THE TIME OF DAY, to -exchange any ordinary greeting of civility; PASS THROUGH, to undergo, -experience.--BRING TO PASS, to cause to happen; COME TO PASS, to happen. -[O. Fr. _passer_--It. _passare_--_passus_, a step.] - -PASSADE, pa-s[=a]d', _n._ (_Shak._) a push or thrust with a sword: the -motion of a horse turning backwards or forwards on the same spot of -ground.--Also PASS[=A]'DO. - -PASSAGE, pas'[=a]j, _n._ act of passing: a moving from one place or state -to another: a journey, as in a ship: course: time occupied in passing: -means of passing in or out: a way: entrance: enactment of a law: right of -passing: price paid for passing or for being conveyed between two places: -occurrence, any incident or episode: a single clause or part of a book, -&c.: a modulation in music: (_B._) a mountain-pass: ford of a river: -(_zool._) migratory habits.--_v.i._ to cross: to walk sideways, of a -horse.--PASSAGE OF ARMS, any feat of arms: a quarrel, esp. of words.--BIRD -OF PASSAGE, a bird that passes from one climate to another at the change of -the seasons. - -PASSAMEZZO. See PASSY-MEASURE. - -PASSANT, pas'ant, _adj._ (_her._) walking. [Fr.] - -PASS['E], pas-s[=a]', _adj._ past one's best, faded, past the heyday of -life: nearly out of date:--_fem._ PASS['E]E. [Fr., pa.p. of _passer_, to -pass.] - -PASSEMENTERIE, pas-men-te-r[=e]', _n._ trimming for dresses, as beaded -lace. [Fr.] - -PASSENGER, pas'en-j[.e]r, _n._ one who passes: one who travels in some -public conveyance.--PASSENGER PIGEON, a species of pigeon, a native of -North America, having a small head and short bill, a very long, -wedge-shaped tail, and long and pointed wings; PASSENGER TRAIN, a -railway-train for the conveyance of passengers. [O. Fr. _passagier_ (Fr. -_passager_), with inserted _n_, as in _messenger_, _nightingale_.] - -PASSE-PARTOUT, pas'-par-t[=oo]', _n._ a means of passing anywhere: a -master-key: a kind of simple picture-frame, usually of pasteboard, within -which the picture is fixed by strips of paper pasted over the edges. [Fr., -a 'master-key,' from _passer_, to pass, _par_, over, _tout_, all.] - -PASSEPIED, pas'py[=a], _n._ a dance like the minuet, but quicker. [Fr.] - -PASSERES, pas'e-rez, _n.pl._ the name given by Cuvier to the order of birds -otherwise called _Insessores_, comprising more than half of all the -birds.--_adj._ PASS'ERINE, relating to the _Passeres_, an order of which -the sparrow is the type. [L. _passer_, a sparrow.] - -PASSIBLE, pas'i-bl, _adj._ susceptible of suffering, or of impressions from -external agents.--_ns._ PASSIBIL'ITY, PASS'IBLENESS, the quality of being -passible.--_adv._ PASS'IBLY, in a passible manner. [L. -_passibilis_--_pati_, _passus_, to suffer.] - -PASSIM, pas'im, _adv._ here and there. [L.] - -PASSIMETER, pa-sim'e-ter, _n._ a pocket pedometer. - -PASSING, pas'ing, _adj._ going by, through, or away: happening now: -surpassing.--_adv._ exceedingly: very.--_ns._ PASS'ING-BELL, a bell tolled -immediately after a person's death, originally to invite prayers for the -soul passing into eternity; PASS'ING-NOTE (_mus._), a smaller note marking -a tone introduced between two others, to effect a smooth passage from the -one to the other, but forming no essential part of the harmony. - -PASSION, pash'un, _n._ power of feeling pain or suffering: strong feeling -or agitation of mind, esp. rage: ardent love: eager desire: state of the -soul when receiving an impression: suffering or passive condition, as -opposed to _Action_: the sufferings, esp. the death, of Christ: (_pl._) -excited conditions of mind.--_ns._ PASSIFL[=O]'RA, a genus of climbing -herbs or shrubs, the passion-flowers; PASS'IONAL, PASS'IONARY, a book -containing accounts of the sufferings of saints and martyrs.--_adjs._ -PASS'IONAL, influenced by passion; PASS'IONATE, moved by passion: showing -strong and warm feeling: easily moved to anger: intense.--_adv._ -PASS'IONATELY.--_n._ PASS'IONATENESS.--_adj._ PASS'IONED, moved by passion: -expressing passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-FLOW'ER, a flower so called from a -fancied resemblance to a crown of thorns, the emblem of Christ's passion; -PASS'IONIST (_R.C._), one of a religious congregation devoted to the -commemoration of the Passion of Christ by missions, &c.--_adj._ -PASS'IONLESS, free from passion: not easily excited to anger.--_n._ -PASS'ION-M[=U]'SIC, music to which words describing the sufferings and -death of Christ are set.--_adj._ PASS'ION-PALE (_Tenn._), pale with -passion.--_ns._ PASS'ION-PLAY, a religious drama representing the -sufferings and death of Christ; PASS'ION-SUN'DAY, the fifth Sunday in Lent; -PASS'ION-WEEK, name commonly given in England to Holy-week (as being the -week of Christ's passion); but, according to proper rubrical usage, the -week preceding Holy-week. [Fr.,--L. _passio_, _passionis_--_passus_, pa.p. -of _pati_, to suffer.] - -PASSIVE, pas'iv, _adj._ suffering, unresisting: not acting: (_gram._) -expressing the suffering of an action by the subject of the verb.--_adv._ -PASS'IVELY.--_ns._ PASS'IVENESS, PASSIV'ITY, inactivity: patience: tendency -of a body to preserve a given state, either of motion or of rest. [Fr.,--L. -_passivus_--_pati_, suffer.] - -PASSMAN. See PASS. - -PASSOVER, pas'[=o]-v[.e]r, _n._ annual feast of the Jews, to commemorate -the destroying angel passing over the houses of the Israelites when he slew -the first-born of the Egyptians.--_adj._ pertaining to the Passover. - -PASSY-MEASURE, pas'si-mezh'[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) an old stately kind of -dance, called also _Passamezzo_. [It. _passamezzo_--_passare_, to -pass--_passo_--L. _passus_, a pace, _mezzo_--L. _medius_, the middle.] - -PAST, past, _pa.p._ of PASS.--_adj._ gone by: elapsed: ended: now retired -from service: in time already passed.--_prep._ farther than: out of reach -of: no longer capable of.--_adv._ by.--THE PAST, that which has passed, -esp. time. - -PASTE, p[=a]st, _n._ a mass of anything made soft by wetting: flour and -water forming dough for pies, &c.: a cement made of flour, water, &c.: a -fine kind of glass for making artificial gems.--_v.t._ to fasten with -paste.--_n._ PASTE'BOARD, a stiff board made of sheets of paper pasted -together, &c.--_adj._ made of such, unsubstantial. [O. Fr. _paste_ (Fr. -_p[^a]te_)--Late L. _pasta_--Gr. _past[=e]_, a mess of food--_pastos_, -salted--_passein_, to sprinkle.] - -PASTEL, pas'tel, _n._ chalk mixed with other materials and various colours -for crayons, a drawing made with such, also the art: woad.--_n._ -PAS'TELIST.[Fr. _pastel_--It. _pastello_--L. _pastillus_, a small -loaf--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] - -PASTERN, pas't[.e]rn, _n._ the part of a horse's foot from the fetlock to -the hoof, where the shackle is fastened. [O. Fr. _pasturon_ (Fr. -_p[^a]turon_)--O. Fr. _pasture_, pasture, a tether for a horse.] - -PASTEURISM, pas-t[.e]r'izm, _n._ the method of inoculation with the -attenuated virus of certain diseases, esp. hydrophobia, as introduced by -Louis _Pasteur_ (1822-95).--_adj._ PASTEUR'IAN.--_n._ PASTEURIS[=A]'TION, a -method of arresting the fermentation in beer, wine, &c. by heating to at -least 140deg F.--_v.t._ PASTEUR'ISE. - -PASTICHE, pas-t[=e]sh', _n._ a mixture of many parts of different kinds, -used of _music_, _painting_, &c.: a work in literature or art in direct -imitation of another's style.--Also PASTIC'CIO. [It. _pasticcio_.] - -PASTIL, pas'til, _n._ Same as PASTEL. - -PASTILLE, pas-t[=e]l', _n._ a small cone of charcoal and aromatic -substances, burned either as incense, or as a means of diffusing an -agreeable odour: a small aromatic confection: a paper tube containing a -firework which causes a small wheel to rotate in burning: (_art_) the same -as _pastel_--also PAS'TIL.--_n._ PAS'TILLAGE.[Fr.,--L. _pastillus_, a small -loaf.] - -PASTIME, pas't[=i]m, _n._ that which serves to pass away the time: -amusement: recreation. - -PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ one who has care of a flock: a shepherd: a -clergyman.--_adj._ PAS'TORAL, relating to shepherds or to shepherd life: -rustic: of or pertaining to the pastor of a church: addressed to the clergy -of a diocese by their bishop.--_n._ a poem which describes the scenery and -life of the country: a letter or an address by a pastor to his people, or -by a bishop to his clergy: (_mus._) a simple melody.--_n._ PAS'TORALISM, -pastoral character.--_adv._ PAS'TORALLY.--_ns._ PAS'TORATE, PAS'TORSHIP, -the office of a pastor: the time during which one has been a pastor: the -whole body of pastors in one church or district.--_adj._ PAS'TORLY, -becoming a pastor.--PASTORAL ADDRESS, or LETTER (see PASTORAL, _n._); -PASTORAL CHARGE, position of a pastor: the church, &c., over which a pastor -is placed: an address to a newly ordained minister; PASTORAL EPISTLES, -those in the New Test. to Timothy and Titus; PASTORAL STAFF, a tall staff -borne as an emblem of episcopal authority, headed like a shepherd's crook, -or having a T-shaped head; PASTORAL THEOLOGY, that part of theology which -treats of the duties of pastors; PASTORAL WORK, the work of a pastor in -visiting his people. [L., _pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] - -PASTOR, pas'tur, _n._ a beautiful bird allied to the starlings, native to -Western Asia. - -PASTORALE, pas-t[=o]-r[:a]'le, _n._ a variety of opera or cantata -characterised by the idyllic or pastoral element: a vocal or instrumental -piece intended to suggest pastoral life: one of the simple traditional -open-air dramas still kept up among the Basques: one of the figures of a -quadrille.--Also PASTOURELLE'. - -PASTRY, p[=a]s'tri, _n._ articles made of paste or dough: crust of pies, -tarts, &c.: act or art of making articles of paste.--_n._ P[=A]S'TRYCOOK, -one who cooks or sells pastry. [_Paste._] - -PASTURE, past'[=u]r, _n._ grass for grazing: ground covered with grass for -grazing.--_v.t._ to feed on pasture: to supply with grass.--_v.i._ to feed -on pasture: to graze.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RABLE, that can be pastured: fit for -pasture.--_ns._ PAST'[=U]RAGE, the business of feeding or grazing cattle: -pasture-land: grass for feeding; PAST'[=U]RE-LAND, land appropriated to -pasture.--_adj._ PAST'[=U]RELESS, destitute of pasture. [O. Fr. _pasture_ -(Fr. _p[^a]ture_)--L. _pastura_--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to feed.] - -PASTY, p[=a]s'ti, _adj._ like paste.--_n._ a small pie of meat and crust -baked without a dish. - -PAT, pat, _n._ a light, quick blow, as with the hand.--_v.t._ to strike -gently: to tap:--_pr.p._ pat'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pat'ted.--PAT ON THE -BACK, to mark approval by patting on the back, to patronise. [Imit.] - -PAT, pat, _n._ a small, moulded lump of butter. [Celt., as Ir. _pait_, a -lump.] - -PAT, pat, _adj._ fitly: at the right time or place.--_adv._ PAT'LY, fitly, -conveniently.--_n._ PAT'NESS, fitness, appropriateness. [_Pat_, a light -blow.] - -PATAGIUM, pat-[=a]-j[=i]'um, _n._ the wing-membrane of a bat, &c.: the -parachute of a flying squirrel, &c.: the fold of integument between the -upper arm and the forearm of a bird: one of the scales affixed to the -pronotum of lepidopterous insects--the _tegula_. [L., 'a gold edging.'] - -PATAMAR, pat'a-m[:a]r, _n._ a vessel on the Bombay coast, with arched keel, -and great stem and stern rake. - -PATAVINITY, pat-a-vin'i-ti, _n._ the style of Padua (L. _Patavium_), esp. -the diction of Livy, a native of Patavium, hence provincialism generally. - -PATCH, pach, _v.t._ to mend by putting in a piece: to repair clumsily: to -make up of pieces: to make hastily.--_n._ a piece sewed or put on to mend a -defect: anything like a patch: a small piece of ground: a plot: (_Shak._) a -paltry fellow, a fool--properly a jester: (_print._) an overlay to obtain a -stronger impression: a small piece of black silk, &c., stuck by ladies on -the face, to bring out the complexion by contrast--common in the 17th and -18th centuries.--_adj._ PATCH'ABLE.--_ns._ PATCH'-BOX, a fancy box for -holding the patches worn on the face, generally having a mirror inside the -lid; PATCH'ER, one who patches; PATCH'ERY (_Shak._), bungling work; -PATCH'WORK, work formed of patches or pieces sewed together: work patched -up or clumsily executed.--_adj._ PATCH'Y, covered with patches: -inharmonious, incongruous.--NOT A PATCH ON, not fit to be compared with. -[Low Ger. _patschen_; prob. conn. with _piece_.] - -PATCHOCKE, pach'ok, _n._ (_Spens._) a clown. [_Patch._] - -PATCHOULI, pa-ch[=oo]'li, _n._ a perfume got from the dried branches of the -patchouli shrub, 2-3 ft. high: the plant itself.--Also PATCHOU'LY. [Tamil, -_patchei_, gum, _elei_, a leaf.] - -PATE, p[=a]t, _n._ the crown of the head: the head.--_adj._ P[=A]T'ED, -having a pate. [Through O. Fr., from Ger. _platte_, a plate; cf. Low L. -_platta_, tonsure.] - -P[^A]T['E], p[:a]-t[=a]', _n._ pie: pasty.--P[^A]T['E] DE FOIE GRAS, pasty -of fat goose liver: Strasburg pie. [Fr.] - -PATELLA, pa-tel'la, _n._ a little dish or vase: the knee-pan: a genus of -gasteropodous univalve molluscs: the limpet.--_adjs._ PATEL'LAR, pertaining -to the patella or knee-cap; PATEL'LATE or PATEL'LULATE; PATEL'LIFORM, of -the form of a small dish or saucer. [L., dim. of _patina_, a pan.] - -PATEN, pat'en, _n._ the plate for the bread in the Eucharist. [Fr.,--L. -_patina_, a plate--Gr. _patan[=e]_.] - -PATENT, p[=a]'tent, or pat'ent, _adj._ lying open: conspicuous: public: -protected by a patent: (_bot._) spreading: expanding.--_n._ an official -document, open, and having the Great Seal of the government attached to it, -conferring an exclusive right or privilege, as a title of nobility, or the -sole right for a term of years to the proceeds of an invention: something -invented and protected by a patent.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TENT, to grant or secure -by patent.--_adj._ P[=A]'TENTABLE, capable of being patented.--_ns._ -P[=A]TENTEE', one who holds a patent, or to whom a patent is granted--also -P[=A]'TENTER; P[=A]'TENT-LEATH'ER, a kind of leather to which a permanently -polished surface is given by a process of japanning; P[=A]'TENTOR, one who -grants or who secures a patent; P[=A]'TENT-RIGHT, the exclusive right -reserved by letters-patent.--_n.pl._ P[=A]'TENT-ROLLS, the register of -letters-patent issued in England.--PATENT MEDICINE, a medicine sold under -the authority of letters-patent, any proprietary medicine generally on -which stamp-duty is paid; PATENT OFFICE, an office for the granting of -patents for inventions; PATENT OUTSIDE, or INSIDE, a newspaper printed on -the outside or inside only, sold to a publisher who fills the other side -with his own material, as local news, &c. [Fr.,--L. _patens_, _-entis_, -pr.p. of _pat[=e]re_, to lie open.] - -PATERA, pat'e-r[:a], _n._ a round flat dish for receiving a sacrificial -libation among the Romans: (_archit._) the representation of such in -bas-relief in friezes, &c.--often applied loosely to rosettes and other -flat ornaments:--_pl._ PAT'ERAE (-r[=e]).--_adj._ PAT'ERIFORM. -[L.,--_pat[=e]re_, to lie open.] - -PATERCOVE, pat'[.e]r-k[=o]v, _n._ Same as PATRICO. - -PATERERO, pat-e-r[=a]'ro, _n._:--_pl._ PATERE'ROES (-r[=o]z). Same as -PEDERERO. - -PATERFAMILIAS, p[=a]-t[.e]r-fa-mil'i-as, _n._ the father or head of a -family or household:--_pl._ P[=A]TRESFAMIL'IAS. [L. _pater_, a father, -_familias_, arch. form of _familiae_, gen. of _familia_, a household.] - -PATERNAL, pa-t[.e]r'nal, _adj._ fatherly: showing the disposition of a -father: derived from a father: hereditary.--_n._ PATER'NALISM.--_adv._ -PATER'NALLY.--_n._ PATER'NITY, state of being a father: fatherhood: the -relation of a father to his children: origination or authorship. [Fr. -_paternel_--Low L. _paternalis_--L. _paternus_--_pater_ (Gr. _pat[=e]r_), a -father.] - -PATERNOSTER, p[=a]'t[.e]r-nos-t[.e]r, or pat-[.e]r-nos't[.e]r, _n._ the -Lord's Prayer: every eleventh bead in a R.C. rosary, at which, in telling -their beads, the Lord's Prayer is repeated: the whole rosary: anything made -of objects strung together like a rosary, esp. a fishing-line with hooks at -intervals: (_archit._) an ornament shaped like beads, used in astragals, -&c. [L. _Pater noster_, 'Our Father,' the first two words of the Lord's -Prayer in Latin.] - -PATH, p[:a]th, _n._ a way trodden out by the feet: track: road: course of -action or conduct:--_pl._ PATHS (p[:a]_th_z).--_n._ PATH'FINDER, one who -explores the route, a pioneer.--_adj._ PATH'LESS, without a path: -untrodden. [A.S. _paeth_, _path_; Ger. _pfad_, Gr. _patos_, L. _pons_, -_pontis_, a bridge.] - -PATHAN, pa-than', _n._ an Afghan proper, one of Afghan race settled in -India. - -PATHETIC, -AL, pa-thet'ik, -al, _adj._ showing passion: affecting the -tender emotions: causing pity, grief, or sorrow: touching: (_anat._) -trochlear.--_adj._ PATHEMAT'IC, pertaining to emotion.--_adv._ -PATHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHET'ICALNESS; PATH'ETISM, animal magnetism; -PATH'ETIST, one who practises this.--THE PATHETIC, the style or manner -fitted to excite emotion. [Gr. _path[=e]tikos_, subject to suffering.] - -PATHIC, path'ik, _adj._ pertaining to disease.--_ns._ PATHOGEN'ESIS, -PATHOG'ENY, mode of production or development of disease.--_adjs._ -PATHOGENET'IC, PATHOGEN'IC, PATHOG'ENOUS, producing disease. - -PATHOGNOMONIC, p[=a]-thog-n[=o]-mon'ik. _adj._ characteristic of a -disease.--_n._ PATHOG'NOMY. [Gr. _pathos_, suffering, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, a -judge.] - -PATHOLOGY, pa-thol'o-ji, _n._ science of the nature, causes, and remedies -of diseases: the whole of the morbid conditions in a disease.--_adjs._ -PATHOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PATHOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ PATHOL'OGIST, one versed -in pathology; PATHOPH[=O]'BIA, morbid dread of disease. [Fr.,--Gr. -_pathos_, suffering, _logos_, discourse.] - -PATHOS, p[=a]'thos, _n._ that in anything (as a word, a look, &c.) which -touches the feelings or raises the tender emotions: the expression of deep -feeling.--_n._ PATHOM'ETRY, the distinction of suffering into different -kinds. [Gr., from _pathein_, 2 aorist of _paschein_, to suffer, feel.] - -PATHWAY, p[:a]th'w[=a], _n._ a path or way: a footpath: course of action. - -PATIBULARY, p[=a]-tib'[=u]-la-ri, _adj._ of or pertaining to a gibbet or -gallows. [L. _patibulum_, a gibbet.] - -PATIENCE, p[=a]'shens, _n._ quality of being patient or able calmly to -endure: (_Shak._) permission: a card-game, same as Solitaire -(q.v.).--_adj._ P[=A]'TIENT, sustaining pain, &c., without repining: not -easily provoked: not in a hurry: persevering: expecting with calmness: -long-suffering.--_n._ one who bears or suffers: a person under medical -treatment.--_adv._ P[=A]'TIENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _patentia_--_patiens_--_pati_, -to bear.] - -PATIN, PATINE, pat'in, _n._ Same as PATEN. - -PATINA, pat'i-na, _n._ a bowl, pan, patella: the encrustation which age -gives to works of art: the peculiar varnish-like rust which covers ancient -bronzes and medals.--_adj._ PAT'IN[=A]TED.--_n._ PATIN[=A]'TION. [It.,--L. -_patina_, a dish, a kind of cake.] - -PATIO, pat'i-[=o], _n._ a courtyard connected with a house. [Sp.,--L. -_spatium_, a space.] - -PATLY, PATNESS. See PAT (3). - -PATOIS, pat'waw, _n._ a vulgar or provincial dialect. [Fr., orig. -_patrois_--L. _patriensis_, indigenous--_patria_, one's native country.] - -PATONCE, pa-tons', _n._ (_her._) a cross whose four arms expand in curves -from the centre, with floriated ends.--_adj._ PATONC['E]E. [Fr.,--L. -_pat[=e]re_, to expand.] - -PATRES CONSCRIPTI, p[=a]'tres kon-skrip't[=i], _n.pl._ conscript fathers: -the senators of ancient Rome. [L. _patres_, pl. of _pater_, a father, -_conscripti_, pl. of _conscriptus_,--_conscrib[)e]re_, to enrol.] - -PATRIAL, p[=a]'tri-al, _adj._ designating a race or nation.--_n._ a noun -derived from the name of a country. - -PATRIA POTESTAS, p[=a]'tri-[:a] p[=o]-tes'tas, _n._ a father's control over -his family, in ancient Rome, which was almost unlimited. [L.] - -PATRIARCH, p[=a]'tri-[:a]rk, _n._ one who governs his family by paternal -right: (_B._) one of the early heads of families from Adam downwards to -Abraham, Jacob, and his sons: in Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to -an archbishop.--_adjs._ PATRIARCH'AL, PATRIARCH'IC, belonging or subject to -a patriarch: like a patriarch: of the nature of a patriarch.--_ns._ -P[=A]'TRIARCHALISM, the condition of tribal government by a patriarch; -P[=A]'TRIARCHATE, the office or jurisdiction of a patriarch or church -dignitary: the residence of a patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHISM, government by a -patriarch; P[=A]'TRIARCHY, a community of related families under the -authority of a patriarch. [O. Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _patriarch[=e]s_--_pat[=e]r_, -father, _arch[=e]_, beginning.] - -PATRICIAN, pa-trish'an, _n._ a nobleman in ancient Rome, being a descendant -of one of the fathers or first Roman senators: a nobleman.--_adj._ -pertaining to the ancient senators of Rome or to their descendants: of -noble birth.--_n._ PATRIC'IATE, the position or duties of a patrician: the -patrician order. [L. _patricius_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.] - -PATRICIDE, pat'ri-s[=i]d, _n._ the murder or the murderer of one's own -father.--_adj._ PAT'RIC[=I]DAL, relating to patricide or the murder of a -father. [L. _patricida_--_pater_, _patris_, father, _caed[)e]re_, to kill.] - -PATRICO, pat'ri-k[=o], _n._ (_slang_) a gipsy or beggars' -hedge-priest.--Also PAT'ERCOVE. - -PATRIMONY, pat'ri-mun-i, _n._ a right or estate inherited from a father or -from one's ancestors: a church estate or revenue.--_adj._ PATRIM[=O]'NIAL, -pertaining to a patrimony: inherited from ancestors.--_adv._ -PATRIM[=O]'NIALLY. [Fr. _patrimoine_--L. _patrimonium_, a paternal -estate--_pater_, _patris_, a father.] - -PATRIOT, p[=a]'tri-ot, or pat'-, _n._ one who truly loves and serves his -fatherland.--_adj._ devoted to one's country.--_adj._ P[=A]TRIOT'IC, like a -patriot: actuated by a love of one's country: directed to the public -welfare.--_adv._ P[=A]TRIOT'ICALLY.--_n._ P[=A]'TRIOTISM, quality of being -patriotic: love of one's country. [Fr.,--Low L.,--Gr. -_patri[=o]t[=e]s_--_patrios_--_pat[=e]r_, a father.] - -PATRIPASSIAN, p[=a]-tri-pas'i-an, _n._ a member of one of the earliest -classes of anti-Trinitarian sectaries (2d century), who denied the -distinction of three persons in one God, maintaining that the sufferings of -the Son could be predicated of the Father. [L. _pater_, father, _pati_, -_passus_, to suffer.] - -PATRISTIC, -AL, pa-tris'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the fathers of the -Christian Church.--_ns._ P[=A]'TRIST, one versed in patristics; -PATRIS'TICISM, mode of thought, &c., of the fathers.--_n.pl._ PATRIS'TICS, -the knowledge of the fathers as a subject of study--sometimes PATROL'OGY. -[Fr., coined from L. _pater_, _patris_, a father.] - -PATROL, pa-tr[=o]l', _v.i._ to go the rounds in a camp or garrison: to -watch and protect.--_v.t._ to pass round as a sentry:--_pr.p._ -patr[=o]l'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ patr[=o]lled'.--_n._ the marching round -of a guard in the night: the guard or men who make a patrol: (also -PATR[=O]L'MAN) a policeman who walks about a certain beat for a specified -time, such policemen collectively. [O. Fr. _patrouille_, a patrol, -_patrouiller_, to march in the mud, through a form _patouiller_, from -_pate_ (mod. _patte_), the paw or foot of a beast, of Teut. origin, cf. -Ger. _patsche_, little hand.] - -PATRON, p[=a]'trun, _n._ a protector: one who countenances or encourages: -one who has the right to appoint to any office, esp. to a living in the -church: a guardian saint:--_fem._ P[=A]'TRONESS.--_v.t._ to treat as a -patron.--_n._ P[=A]'TRONAGE, the support given by a patron: guardianship of -saints: the right of bestowing offices, privileges, or church -benefices.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to support.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONAL.--_n._ -P[=A]TRONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SE, to act as a patron toward: -to give countenance or encouragement to: to assume the air of a patron -towards.--_n._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SER.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRON[=I]SING.--_adv._ -P[=A]'TRON[=I]SINGLY.--_adj._ P[=A]'TRONLESS. [Fr.,--L. -_patronus_--_pater_, _patris_, a father.] - -PATRONYMIC, -AL, pat-r[=o]-nim'ik, -al, _adj._ derived from the name of a -father or an ancestor.--_n._ PATRONYM'IC, a name taken from one's father or -ancestor. [Gr. _pat[=e]r_, a father, _onoma_, a name.] - -PATROON, p[=a]-tr[=oo]n', _n._ one who received a grant of land under the -old Dutch governments of New York and New Jersey.--_n._ PATROON'SHIP. -[Dut.; cf. _Patron_.] - -PATTE, pat, _n._ a narrow band keeping a belt or sash in its place. [Fr.] - -PATT['E], PATT['E]E, pa-t[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) spreading toward the -extremity. [O. Fr. _patte_, a paw.] - -PATTEN, pat'en, _n._ a wooden sole with an iron ring, worn under the shoe -to keep it from the wet: the iron hoop attached to the boot in cases of -hip-joint disease: the base of a pillar.--_v.i._ to go about on -pattens.--_adj._ PATT'ENED, provided with pattens. [O. Fr. _patin_, -clog--_patte_.] - -PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to pat or strike often, as hailstones: to make -the sound of short quick steps:--_pr.p._ patt'ering; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -patt'ered. [A freq. of _pat_.] - -PATTER, pat'[.e]r, _v.i._ to repeat the Lord's Prayer: to pray: to repeat -over and over again indistinctly, to mumble.--_v.t._ to repeat hurriedly, -to mutter.--_n._ glib talk, chatter: the cant of a class.--_ns._ PATT'ERER, -one who sells articles on the street by speechifying; PATT'ER-SONG, a comic -song in which a great many words are sung or spoken very rapidly.--PATTER -FLASH, to talk the jargon of thieves. [_Pater-noster_.] - -PATTERN, pat'[.e]rn, _n._ a person or thing to be copied: a model: an -example: style of ornamental work: anything to serve as a guide in forming -objects: the distribution of shot in a target at which a gun is -fired.--_ns._ PATT'ERN-BOOK, a book containing designs of lace, &c., or in -which patterns of cloth, &c., are pasted; PATT'ERN-BOX, in weaving, a box -at each side of a loom containing the various shuttles that may be used; -PATT'ERN-CARD, a piece of cardboard on which specimens of cloth are fixed; -PATT'ERN-MAK'ER, one who makes the patterns for moulders in foundry-work; -PATT'ERN-SHOP, the place in which patterns for a factory are prepared; -PATT'ERN-WHEEL, the count-wheel in a clock movement. [Fr. _patron_, a -protector, pattern.] - -PATTLE, pat'l, _n._ a paddle. - -PATTY, pat'i, _n._ a little pie:--_pl._ PATT'IES.--_n._ PATT'Y-PAN, a pan -in which to bake these. [Fr. _p[^a]t['e]_.] - -PATULOUS, pat'[=u]-lus, _adj._ spreading. - -PAUCITY, paw'sit-i, _n._ fewness: smallness of number or quantity. -[Fr.,--L. _paucitas_--_paucus_, few.] - -PAUL. Same as PAWL. - -PAULDRON, pawl'dron, _n._ a separable shoulder-plate in medieval armour. -[O. Fr. _espalleron_--_espalle_, the shoulder.] - -PAULICIAN, paw-lish'an, _n._ a member of a Dualistic Eastern sect, founded -about 660, professing peculiar reverence for _Paul_ and his writings. - -PAULINE, paw'l[=i]n, _adj._ of or belonging to the Apostle _Paul_.--_ns._ -PAUL'INISM, the teaching or theology of Paul; PAUL'INIST, a follower of -Paul. - -PAULO-POST-FUTURE, paw'l[=o]-p[=o]st-f[=u]'t[=u]r, _adj._ and _n._ the -future perfect tense in grammar. - -PAUNCH, pawnsh, or p[:a]nsh, _n._ the belly: the first and largest stomach -of a ruminant.--_v.t._ to eviscerate.--_adj._ PAUNCH'Y, big-bellied. [O. -Fr. _panche_ (Fr. _panse_)--L. _pantex_, _panticis_.] - -PAUPER, paw'p[.e]r, _n._ a very poor or destitute person: one supported by -charity or by some public provision:--_fem._ PAU'PERESS.--_n._ -PAUPERIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PAU'PERISE, to reduce to pauperism.--_n._ -PAU'PERISM, state of being a pauper. [L.] - -PAUSE, pawz, _n._ a ceasing: a temporary stop: cessation caused by doubt: -suspense: a mark for suspending the voice: (_mus._) a mark showing -continuance of a note or rest.--_v.i._ to make a pause.--_adjs._ PAUS'AL; -PAUSE'LESS.--_adv._ PAUSE'LESSLY.--_n._ PAUS'ER, one who pauses or -deliberates.--_adv._ PAUS'INGLY, with pauses: by breaks: deliberately. -[Fr.,--L. _pausa_--Gr. _pausis_, from _pauein_, to cause to cease.] - -PAVAN, pav'an, _n._ (_Shak._) a slow dance, much practised in Spain: music -for this dance.--Also PAV'EN, PAV'IN. [Fr.,--Sp. _pavana_, _pavon_--L. -_pavo_, peacock; or It., for _Padovana_, pertaining to _Padua_.] - -PAVE, p[=a]v, _v.t._ to lay down stone, &c., to form a level surface for -walking on: to prepare, as a way or passage: to make easy and smooth in any -way.--_ns._ P[=A]'VAGE, P[=A]'VIAGE, money paid towards paving -streets.--_adj._ P[=A]VED--also P[=A]'VEN.--_ns._ PAVE'MENT, a paved road, -floor, or side-walk, or that with which it is paved; P[=A]'VER, P[=A]'VIER, -P[=A]'VIOR, P[=A]'VIOUR, one who lays pavements; P[=A]'VING, the act of -laying pavement: pavement.--_adj._ employed or spent for paving.--PAVE THE -WAY, to prepare the way for. [Fr. _paver_--L. _pav[=i]re_, to beat hard; -cog. with Gr. _paiein_, to beat.] - -PAVID, pav'id, _adj._ timid. [L. _pavidus_.] - -PAVILION, pa-vil'yun, _n._ a tent: an ornamental building often turreted or -domed: (_mil._) a tent raised on posts: a canopy or covering: the outer -ear: a flag or ensign carried at the gaff of the mizzenmast.--_v.t._ to -furnish with pavilions: to shelter, as with a tent.--_n._ PAVIL'ION-ROOF, a -roof sloping equally on all sides. [Fr. _pavillon_--L. _papilio_, a -butterfly, a tent.] - -PAVISE, pav'is, _n._ a shield for the whole body. [Fr.,--Low L. _pavensis_, -prob. from _Pavia_ in Italy.] - -PAVON, pav'on, _n._ a small triangular flag attached to a lance. [L. -_pavo_, a peacock.] - -PAVONINE, pav'o-n[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the peacock: resembling the -tail of a peacock or made of its feathers: iridescent--also -PAV[=O]'NIAN.--_n._ PAV[=O]NE' (_Spens._), the peacock. [L. -_pavoninus_--_pavo_, _pavonis_, a peacock.] - -PAW, paw, _n._ the foot of a beast of prey having claws: the hand, used in -contempt.--_v.i._ to draw the forefoot along the ground like a -horse.--_v.t._ to scrape with the forefoot: to handle with the paws: to -handle roughly: to flatter.--_adj._ PAWED, having paws: broad-footed. [O. -Fr. _poe_, _powe_, prob. Teut.; cf. Dut. _poot_, Ger. _pfote_. Perh. -related to O. Fr. _pate_ (cf. _Patrol_). But perh. Celt., as W. _pawen_, a -paw.] - -PAWKY, pawk'i, _adj._ (_Scot._) sly, arch, shrewd. - -PAWL, pawl, _n._ a short bar lying against a toothed wheel to prevent a -windlass, &c., from running back: a catch or click.--_v.t._ to stop by -means of a pawl. [W. _pawl_, a stake, conn. with L. _palus_, a stake.] - -PAWN, pawn, _n._ something given as security for the repayment of money or -the performance of a promise: state of being pledged.--_v.t._ to give in -pledge.--_ns._ PAWN'BROKER, a broker who lends money on pawns or pledges; -PAWN'BROKING, the business of a pawnbroker; PAWNEE', one who takes anything -in pawn; PAWN'ER, one who gives a pawn or pledge as security for money -borrowed; PAWN'SHOP, a shop of a pawnbroker; PAWN'TICKET, a ticket marked -with the name of the article, the amount advanced, &c., delivered to the -person who has pawned anything.--AT PAWN, pledged, laid away. [O. Fr. -_pan_, prob. from L. _pannus_, a cloth.] - -PAWN, pawn, _n._ a common piece in chess. [O. Fr. _paon_, a -foot-soldier--Low L. _pedo_, _pedonis_, a foot-soldier--L. _pes_, _pedis_, -the foot.] - -PAWN, pawn, _n._ a gallery. - -PAWNEE, paw'n[=e], _n._ one of a tribe of Indians in North America.--_adj._ -belonging to this tribe. - -PAX, paks, _n._ the kiss of peace (Rom. xvi. 16): a plaque or tablet used -in giving the kiss of peace when the mass is celebrated by a high -dignitary--a crucifix, a tablet with the image of Christ on the cross upon -it, or a reliquary.--PAX VOBIS, PAX VOBISCUM, peace (be) with you. [L.] - -PAXWAX, paks'waks, _n._ the strong tendon in the neck of animals. [Orig. -_fax-wax_--A.S. _feax_, _fex_, hair, _weaxan_, to grow.] - -PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ to satisfy or set at rest: to discharge, as a debt or a -duty: to requite with what is deserved: to reward: to punish: to give, -render.--_v.i._ to recompense: to be worth one's trouble: to be -profitable:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ paid.--_n._ that which satisfies: money -given for service: salary, wages.--_adj._ PAY'ABLE, that may be paid: that -ought to be paid: due.--_ns._ PAY'-BILL, a statement of moneys to be paid, -to workmen, soldiers, &c.; PAY'-CLERK, a clerk who pays wages; PAY'-DAY, a -regular day for payment, as of wages; PAY'-DIRT, -GRAV'EL, gravel or sand -containing enough gold to be worth working; PAYEE', one to whom money is -paid; PAY'ER; PAY'-LIST, -ROLL, a list of persons entitled to pay, with the -amounts due to each; PAY'MASTER, the master who pays: an officer in the -army or navy whose duty it is to pay soldiers, &c.; PAY'MENT, the act of -paying: the discharge of a debt by money or its equivalent in value: that -which is paid: recompense: reward: punishment; PAY'-OFF'ICE, the place -where payments are made; FULL'-PAY, the whole amount of wages, &c., without -deductions; HALF'-PAY (see HALF).--PAY DOWN, to pay in cash on the spot; -PAY FOR, to make amends for: to bear the expense of; PAY OFF, to discharge: -to take revenge upon: to requite: (_naut._) to fall away to leeward; PAY -OUT, to cause to run out, as rope; PAY ROUND, to turn the ship's head; PAY -THE PIPER, to have all expenses to pay.--IN THE PAY OF, hired by. [Fr. -_payer_--L. _pac[=a]re_, to appease; cf. _pax_, peace.] - -PAY, p[=a], _v.t._ (_naut._, and in the proverb 'the devil to pay') to -smear with tar, pitch, &c. [Perh. through O. Fr. _peier_ (Sp. _empegar_) -from L. _pic[=a]re_, to pitch.] - -PAYNE, p[=a]n, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to take pains, exert one's self. - -PAYNIM, PAINIM, p[=a]'nim, _n._ a pagan: a heathen. [O. Fr. _paienisme_, -paganism--L. _paganismus_--_paganus_, a pagan.] - -PAYNISE, p[=a]'n[=i]z, _v.t._ to harden and preserve, as wood, by -successive injections of solutions of calcium or barium sulphide followed -by calcium sulphate. [_Payne_, inventor of the process.] - -PAYSAGE, p[=a]'s[=a]j, _n._ a landscape.--_n._ PAY'S[=A]GIST, a -landscape-painter. [Fr.] - -PAYSE, p[=a]z, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to poise, to balance. - -PEA, p[=e], _n._ a climbing annual herb of the bean family, whose seeds are -nutritious:--_pl._ PEAS, a definite number; PEASE, a quantity not -numbered.--_ns._ PEA'-R[=I]'FLE, a rifle throwing a very small bullet; -PEAS'COD, PEASE'COD, the pod or pericarp of the pea; PEA'-SHOOT'ER, a small -metal tube for blowing peas through; PEA'-STONE, pisolite.--EGYPTIAN PEA, -the chick-pea; FRENCH PEA, the common garden pea: (_pl._) canned peas made -up in France; SPLIT PEAS, peas stripped of their membraneous covering in a -mill, used for making pea-soup, or ground into meal; SWEET PEA, a climbing -annual with large and fragrant flowers. [M. E. _pese_, pl. _pesen_ and -_peses_--A.S. _pisa_, pl. _pisan_--L. _pisum_, Gr. _pison_.] - -PEA, p[=e], _n._ a pea-fowl. See PEACOCK. - -PEACE, p[=e]s, _n._ a state of quiet: freedom from disturbance: freedom -from war: friendliness: calm: rest: harmony: silence.--_interj._ silence: -be silent: hist!--_adj._ PEACE'ABLE, disposed to peace: free from war or -disturbance: quiet: tranquil.--_n._ PEACE'ABLENESS.--_adv._ -PEACE'ABLY.--_n._ PEACE'-BREAK'ER, one who breaks or disturbs the peace of -others.--_adj._ PEACE'FUL, full of peace: quiet: tranquil: calm: -serene.--_adv._ PEACE'FULLY.--_n._ PEACE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PEACE'LESS, -without peace.--_ns._ PEACE'LESSNESS; PEACE'MAKER, one who makes or -produces peace; one who reconciles enemies; PEACE'-OFF'ERING, an offering -bringing about peace: among the Jews, an offering to God, either in -gratitude for past or petition for future mercies (see Lev. iii.; vii. -11-21): satisfaction to an offended person; PEACE'-OFF'ICER, an officer -whose duty it is to preserve the peace: a police-officer.--_adj._ -PEACE'-PART'ED (_Shak._), dismissed from the world in peace.--_n._ -PEACE'-PAR'TY, a political party advocating the making or the preservation -of peace; PEACE'-PIPE (see CALUMET).--PEACE ESTABLISHMENT, the reduced -military strength maintained in time of peace; PEACE OF GOD, the ancient -cessation from suits between terms, and on Sundays and holy days.--BREACH -OF THE PEACE (see BREACH); HOLD ONE'S PEACE, to be silent; KEEP PEACE, -abstain from breaking the peace of others; KISS OF PEACE (see KISS); -LETTERS OF PEACE (see PACIFY); MAKE ONE'S PEACE WITH, to reconcile or to be -reconciled with; QUEEN'S, or KING'S, PEACE, the public peace, for the -maintenance of which the sovereign as head of the executive is responsible; -SWEAR THE PEACE, to take oath before a magistrate that a certain person -ought to be put under bond to keep the peace. [O. Fr. _pais_ (Fr. -_paix_)--L. _pax_, _pacis_, peace.] - -PEACH, p[=e]ch, _v.i._ to betray one's accomplice: to become -informer.--_n._ PEACH'ER. [A corr. of _impeach_.] - -PEACH, p[=e]ch, _n._ a tree with a delicious, juicy fruit: the fruit of -this tree.--_ns._ PEACH'-BLOSS'OM, a canary-yellow colour: pink with a -yellowish tinge: a collector's name for a moth, the _Thyatira batis_; -PEACH'-BRAND'Y, a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the -peach.--_adj._ PEACH'-COL'OURED, of the colour of a peach-blossom: pale -red.--_ns._ PEACH'ERY, a hothouse in which peaches are grown; PEACH'-STONE, -the hard nut enclosing the seed within the fruit of the peach; -PEACH'-WA'TER, a flavouring extract used in cookery, prepared from the -peach.--_adj._ PEACH'Y.--_n._ PEACH'-YELL'OWS, a disease that attacks -peach-trees in the eastern United States. [O. Fr. _pesche_ (Fr. _p[^e]che_, -It. _persica_, _pesca_)--L. _Persicum_ (_malum_), the Persian (apple).] - -PEACOCK, p[=e]'kok, _n._ a large gallinaceous bird of the pheasant kind, -remarkable for the beauty of its plumage, esp. that of its tail:--_fem._ -PEA'HEN.--_v.t._ to cause to strut like a peacock.--_v.i._ to strut about -proudly.--_ns._ PEA'CHICK, the young of the pea-fowl; PEA'COCK-FISH, a -variegated labroid fish; PEA'-FOWL, the peacock or peahen. [A.S. _pawe_--L. -_pavo_--Gr. _ta[=o]s_--Pers. _t[=a]wus_; and _cock_ (q.v.).] - -PEACOD. Same as PEASCOD. - -PEA-CRAB, p[=e]'-krab, _n._ a genus of small crustaceans, which live within -the mantle-lobes of mussels, oysters, &c. - -PEAG, p[=e]g, _n._ polished shell-beads used as money among the North -American Indians.--Also PEAK (p[=e]k). - -PEA-GREEN, p[=e]'-gr[=e]n, _adj._ a shade of green like the colour of green -peas. - -PEA-JACKET, p[=e]'-jak'et, _n._ a coarse thick jacket worn esp. by -seamen.--Also PEA'-COAT. [Dut. _pij_ (pron. p[=i]), a coat of coarse thick -cloth; _jacket_.] - -PEAK, p[=e]k, _n._ a point: the pointed end of anything: the top of a -mountain: (_naut._) the upper outer corner of a sail extended by a gaff or -yard, also the extremity of the gaff.--_v.i._ to rise upward in a peak: to -look thin or sickly.--_v.t._ (_naut._) to raise the point (of a gaff) more -nearly perpendicular.--_adjs._ PEAKED, pointed: ending in a point: having a -thin or sickly look; PEAK'ING, sickly, pining, sneaking; PEAK'ISH, having -peaks: thin or sickly looking; PEAK'Y (_Tenn._), having or showing peaks. -[M. E. _pec_--Ir. _peac_, a sharp thing. Cf. _Beak_, _Pike_.] - -PEAL, p[=e]l, _n._ a loud sound: a number of loud sounds one after another: -a set of bells tuned to each other: a chime or carillon: the changes rung -upon a set of bells.--_v.i._ to resound like a bell: to utter or give forth -loud or solemn sounds.--_v.t._ to cause to sound loudly: to assail with -noise: to celebrate. [For _appeal_; O. Fr. _apel_--_apeler_--L. -_appell[=a]re_, inten. of _appell[)e]re_, _ap-_ (_ad_), to, _pell[)e]re_, -to drive.] - -PEA-MAGGOT, p[=e]'-mag'ut, _n._ the caterpillar of a small moth which lays -its eggs in pods of peas. - -PEAN, p[=e]n, _n._ one of the heraldic furs, differing from ermine only in -the tinctures, the ground being sable and the spots of gold. [O. Fr. -_panne_, a fur. Cf. _Pane_.] - -PEAN. See PAEAN. - -PEA-NUT, or _Ground-nut_. See GROUND. - -PEAR, p[=a]r, _n._ a common fruit of a somewhat conical shape, and very -juicy to the taste: the tree on which it grows, allied to the -apple.--_adj._ PEAR'IFORM, PEAR'-SHAPED, shaped like a pear--that is, thick -and rounded at one end, and tapering to the other.--_n._ PEAR'-TREE. [A.S. -_pera_ or _peru_--L. _pirum_, a pear (whence also Fr. _poire_).] - -PEAR, p[=e]'ar, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PEER. - -PEARL, p[.e]rl, _n._ a well-known shining gem, found in several kinds of -shellfish, but most esp. in the mother-of-pearl oyster: anything round and -clear: anything very precious: a jewel: a while speck or film on the eye: -(_print._) a size of type immediately above diamond, equal to 5 points -(about 15 lines to the inch).--_adj._ made of, or belonging to, -pearls.--_v.t._ to set or adorn with pearls: to make into small round -grains.--_v.i._ to take a rounded form: to become like pearls.--_adj._ -PEARL[=A]'CEOUS, resembling pearls or mother-of-pearl: spotted with -white.--_ns._ PEARL'-ASH, a purer carbonate of potash, obtained by -calcining potashes, so called from its pearly-white colour; PEARL'-BAR'LEY, -barley after the skin has been ground off (prob. for 'pilled barley,' Fr. -_orge perl['e]_); PEARL'-BUTT'ON, a button made of mother-of-pearl; -PEARL'-DIV'ER, one who dives for pearls.--_adj._ PEARLED, set with pearls: -like pearls: having a border trimmed with narrow lace.--_ns._ PEARL'-EDGE, -a thread edging, a border on some ribbons formed by projecting loops of the -threads; PEARL'-EYE, cataract.--_adj._ PEARL'-EYED, having a white speck on -the eye.--_ns._ PEARL'-FISH'ER, one who fishes for pearls; PEARL'-FISH'ERY, -the occupation of fishing for pearls, or the place where it is carried on; -PEARL'-FISH'ING; PEARL'-GRAY, a pale gray colour.--_adj._ of a pale gray -colour, like the pearl.--_ns._ PEARL'INESS, state of being pearly; -PEARL'-NAU'TILUS, the pearly nautilus; PEARL'-OYS'TER, the oyster which -produces pearls; PEARL'-POW'DER, a cosmetic for improving the appearance of -the skin; PEARL'-WHITE, a material made from fish-scales, used in making -artificial pearls: a kind of cosmetic.--_adj._ PEARL'Y, like a pearl, -nacreous: yielding pearls: dotted with pearls: clear, transparent: having a -pure sweet tone. [Fr. _perle_, acc. to Diez, prob. either a corr. of L. -_pirula_, a dim. of _pirum_, a pear, or of L. _pilula_, dim. of _pila_, a -ball.] - -PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ lace made of silk or other kind of -thread.--Also PEARL'IN. [Ir. _peirlin_, fine linen.] - -PEARLING, p[.e]rl'ing, _n._ the process of removing the outer coat of -grain. - -PEARMAIN, p[=a]r'm[=a]n, _n._ a name of several varieties of apple. - -PEART, p[=e]rt, _adj._ lively: saucy: in good health and spirits.--_adv._ -PEART'LY. [_Pert._] - -PEASANT, pez'ant, _n._ a countryman: a rustic: one whose occupation is -rural labour.--_adj._ of or relating to peasants, rustic, rural: -rude.--_n._ PEAS'ANTRY, the body of peasants or tillers of the soil: -rustics: labourers.--PEASANT PROPRIETOR, a peasant who owns and works his -own farm; PEASANTS' WAR, a popular insurrection in Germany, in 1525, -stamped out with horrible cruelty. [O. Fr. _paisant_ (Fr. -_paysan_)--_pays_--L. _pagus_, a district.] - -PEASE, p[=e]z, _n._ (_Spens._) a blow. - -PEASE, p[=e]z, _indef. pl._ of PEA.--_ns._ PEASE'COD, PEAS'COD, the -pericarp of the pea: a peacod; PEASE'-MEAL, PEASE'-PORR'IDGE, PEASE'-SOUP -or PEA'-SOUP, meal, porridge, soup, made from pease. - -PEASEWEEP, p[=e]z'w[=e]p, _n._ (_prov._) the pewit. [Imit.] - -PEAT, p[=e]t, _n._ decayed vegetable matter like turf, cut out of boggy -places, and when dried used for fuel.--_ns._ PEAT'-BOG, a district covered -with peat: a place from which peat is dug--also PEAT'-BED, PEAT'-MOOR, -PEAT'-MOSS; PEAT'-HAG, a ditch whence peat has been dug; PEAT'-REEK, the -smoke of peat, supposed to add a delicate flavour to whisky; PEAT'-SPADE, a -spade having a side wing at right angles for cutting peat in rectangular -blocks.--_adj._ PEAT'Y, like peat: abounding in, or composed of, peat. -[True form _beat_--M. E. _beten_, to mend a fire--A.S. _b['e]tan_, to make -better--_b['o]t_, advantage.] - -PEBA, p[=e]'ba, _n._ a South American armadillo. - -PEBBLE, peb'l, _n._ a small roundish ball or stone: transparent and -colourless rock-crystal used for glass in spectacles, a fine kind of glass: -a large size of gunpowder.--_v.t._ to give (to leather) a rough appearance -with small rounded prominences.--_adjs._ PEBB'LED, PEBB'LY, full of -pebbles.--_ns._ PEBB'LE-POW'DER, gunpowder consisting of large cubical -grains, and burning slowly--also _Cube-powder_ and _Prismatic-powder_; -PEBB'LE-WARE, a kind of fine pottery made of various coloured clays mixed -together; PEBB'LING, a way of graining leather with a ribbed or roughened -appearance. [A.S. _papol_-(_-st['a]n_), a pebble(-stone); akin to L. -_papula_, a pustule.] - -PEBRINE, peb'rin, _n._ a destructive disease of silkworms.--_adj._ -PEB'RINOUS. [Fr.] - -PECAN, p[=e]-kan', _n._ a North American tree whose wood is chiefly used -for fuel, also the nut it yields. - -PECCABLE, pek'a-bl, _adj._ liable to sin.--_ns._ PECCABIL'ITY; PECC'ANCY, -sinfulness: transgression.--_adj._ PECC'ANT, sinning: transgressing: -guilty: morbid: offensive: bad.--_adv._ PECC'ANTLY. [L. -_peccabilis_--_pecc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to sin.] - -PECCADILLO, pek-a-dil'lo, _n._ a little or trifling sin: a petty -fault:--_pl._ PECCADIL'LOS, PECCADIL'LOES. [Sp. _pecadillo_, dim. of -_pecado_--L. _peccatum_, a sin.] - -PECCARY, pek'ar-i, _n._ a hog-like quadruped of South America. - -PECCAVI, pe-k[=a]'v[=i], I have sinned. [L. 1st pers. sing. perf. indic. -act. of _pecc[=a]re_, I sin.] - -PECH, PEGH, peh, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to pant, to breathe hard. [Imit.] - -PECHT, peht, _n._ a corruption of _Pict_. - -PECK, pek, _n._ a measure of capacity for dry goods=2 gallons, or -one-fourth of a bushel: a great amount. [M. E. _pekke_, prob. from _peck_, -'to pick up.'] - -PECK, pek, _v.t._ to strike with the beak: to pick up with the beak: to -eat: to strike with anything pointed: to strike with repeated blows.--_ns._ -PECK'ER, that which pecks: a woodpecker: (_slang_) spirit, as in 'to keep -one's pecker up'=to keep up one's spirits; PECK'ING, the sport of throwing -pebbles at birds.--_adj._ PECK'ISH, somewhat hungry. [_Pick._] - -PECKSNIFF, pek'snif, _n._ one who talks large about virtue and benevolence, -while at heart a selfish and unprincipled hypocrite.--_adj._ -PECK'SNIFFIAN.--_n._ PECK'SNIFFIANISM. [From Mr _Pecksniff_ in Dickens's -_Martin Chuzzlewit_.] - -PECTEN, pek'ten, _n._ a genus of molluscs, one species of which is the -scallop--so called from the valves having ribs radiating from the umbo to -the margin like a comb: a membrane on the eyes of birds.--_adjs._ -PECTIN[=A]'CEOUS, like the scallops; PEC'TINAL, of a comb: comb-like: -having bones like the teeth of a comb; PEC'TIN[=A]TE, -D, having teeth like -a comb: resembling the teeth of a comb.--_adv._ PEC'TIN[=A]TELY.--_n._ -PECTIN[=A]'TION, the state of being pectinated--_adjs._ PECTIN[=E]'AL, -having a comb-like crest; PEC'TINIBRANCHIATE, having comb-like gills; -PEC'TINIFORM, comb-like. [L. _pecten_, a comb.] - -PECTIC, pek'tik, _adj._ congealing, curdling.--_ns._ PEC'TIN, PEC'TINE, a -soluble gelatinising substance obtained from pectose; PEC'T[=O]SE, a -substance yielding pectin, contained in the fleshy pulp of unripe fruit. -[Gr. _p[=e]ktikos_, congealing--_p[=e]gnynai_, to make solid.] - -PECTORAL, pek't[=o]-ral, _adj._ relating to the breast or chest.--_n._ -armour for the breast: an ornament worn on the breast, esp. the breastplate -worn by the ancient Jewish high-priest, and the square of gold, embroidery, -&c. formerly worn on the breast over the chasuble by bishops during mass: a -pectoral cross: a pectoral fin: a medicine for the chest.--_adv._ -PEC'TORALLY.--_n._ PECTORIL'OQUY, the sound of the patient's voice heard -through the stethoscope when applied to the chest in certain morbid -conditions of the lungs.--PECTORAL FINS, the anterior paired fins of -fishes; PECTORAL THEOLOGY, a name sometimes applied to the theology of -those Christians who make much of experience and emotion, as themselves -guides to a knowledge of divine truth--in Neander's phrase, 'Pectus est -quod facit theologum.' [Fr.,--L. _pectoralis_--_pectus_, _pectoris_, the -breast.] - -PECULATE, pek'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to take for one's own use money or -property entrusted to one's care: to embezzle: to steal.--_ns._ -PECUL[=A]'TION; PEC'UL[=A]TOR. [L. _pecul[=a]ri_, -_-[=a]tus_--_pec[=u]lium_, private property, akin to _pecunia_, money.] - -PECULIAR, p[=e]-k[=u]l'yar, _adj._ one's own: belonging to no other: -appropriate: particular: odd, uncommon, strange.--_n._ (_obs._) private -property: a parish or church exempt from the jurisdiction of the ordinary -or bishop in whose diocese it is placed.--_v.t._ PECUL'IARISE, to set -apart.--_n._ PECULIAR'ITY, quality of being peculiar or singular: that -which is found in one and in no other: that which marks a person off from -others: individuality.--_adv._ PECUL'IARLY.--_n._ PEC[=U]'LIUM, private -property, esp. that given by a father to a son, &c.--PECULIAR PEOPLE, the -people of Israel: a sect of faith-healers, founded in London in 1838, who -reject medical aid in cases of disease, and rely on anointing with oil by -the elders, and on prayer, with patient nursing. [Fr.,--L. -_peculiaris_--_peculium_, private property.] - -PECUNIARY, p[=e]-k[=u]'ni-ar-i, _adj._ relating to money: consisting of -money.--_adv._ PEC[=U]'NIARILY.--_adj._ PEC[=U]'NIOUS, rich. [Fr.,--L. -_pecuniarius_--_pecunia_, money--_pecu-_, which appears in L. _pecudes_ -(pl.), cattle.] - -PED, ped, _n._ (_Spens._) a basket, a hamper. [_Pad._] - -PEDAGOGUE, ped'a-gog, _n._ a teacher: a pedant.--_v.t._ to teach.--_adjs._ -PEDAGOG'IC, -AL, relating to teaching: belonging to, or possessed by, a -teacher of children.--_ns._ PEDAGOG'ICS, PED'AGOGISM, PED'AGOGY, the -science of teaching: instruction: discipline. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. -_paidag[=o]gos_--_pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _ag[=o]gos_, a leader--_agein_, -to lead.] - -PEDAL, ped'al, _adj._ pertaining to a foot.--_n._ any part of a machine -transmitting power from the foot: in musical instruments, a lever moved by -the foot.--_v.i._ to work a pedal.--_n._ P[=E]D[=A]'LE, a foot-cloth in -front of an altar: a collection of canons of general councils in the Greek -Church.--_adjs._ P[=E]D[=A]'LIAN, relating to the foot, or to a metrical -foot; PED'[=A]TE, divided like a foot: (_bot._) having the side lobes of a -divided leaf also divided into smaller parts, the midribs of which do not -run to a common centre as in the palmate leaf.--_adv._ -PED'[=A]TELY.--_adj._ PEDAT'IFID, divided in a pedate manner, but having -the divisions connected at the base.--COMBINATION PEDAL, a metal pedal in -organs controlling several stops at once. [L. _pedalis_--_pes_, _pedis_, -the foot.] - -PEDANT, ped'ant, _n._ one who makes a vain display of learning: a pretender -to knowledge which he does not possess: (_Shak._) a pedagogue.--_adjs._ -PEDANT'IC, -AL, displaying knowledge for the sake of showing.--_adv._ -PEDANT'ICALLY, in a pedantic manner.--_ns._ PEDANT'ICISM, -PED'ANTISM.--_v.i._ PED'ANTISE, to play the pedant.--_ns._ PEDANTOC'RACY, -government by pedants; PED'ANTRY, acts, manners, or character of a pedant: -vain display of learning: (_Swift_) the overrating of any kind of knowledge -we pretend to. [Fr.,--It. _pedante_--L. _paedagogan_s, _-antis_, -teaching--_paedagogus_, a pedagogue.] - -PEDDLE, ped'l, _v.i._ to travel about with a basket or bundle of goods, -esp. of smallwares, for sale: to trifle.--_v.t._ to retail in small -quantities.--_ns._ PEDD'LER, PED'LAR, PED'LER, a hawker or travelling -merchant; PEDD'LERY, PED'LARY, the trade or tricks of a peddler: wares sold -by a peddler.--_adj._ PEDD'LING, unimportant.--_n._ the trade or tricks of -a peddler. [_Peddar_, _pedder_, one who carries wares in a _ped_ or -basket.] - -PEDERASTY, ped'e-rast-i, _n._ unnatural commerce of males with males, esp. -boys.--_n._ PED'ERAST, one addicted to this vice.--_adj._ PEDERAST'IC. -[Gr., _pais_, _paidos_, a boy, _erast[=e]s_--_eraein_, to love.] - -PEDERERO, ped-e-r[=e]'r[=o], _n._ an old gun for discharging stones, pieces -of iron, &c., also for firing salutes. - -PEDESIS, ped-[=e]'sis, _n._ the rapid oscillation of small particles in a -liquid. - -PEDESTAL, ped'es-tal, _n._ anything that serves as a foot or a support: the -foot or base of a pillar, &c.: the fixed casting which holds the brasses, -in which a shaft turns, called also _Axle-guard_ or _Pillow-block_.--_v.t._ -to place on a pedestal. [Sp.,--It. _piedestallo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the -foot, It. _stallo_, a place.] - -PEDESTRIAN, p[=e]-des'tri-an, _adj._ going on foot: performed on foot: -pertaining to common people: vulgar.--_n._ one journeying on foot: an -expert walker, one who practises feats of walking or running.--_adj._ -P[=E]DES'TRIAL, of or pertaining to the foot: pedestrian.--_adv._ -P[=E]DES'TRIALLY.--_v.t._ P[=E]DES'TRIANISE, to traverse on foot.--_n._ -P[=E]DES'TRIANISM, a going on foot: walking: the practice of a pedestrian. -[L. _pedestris_--_pes_, _pedis_.] - -PEDETENTOUS, ped-[=e]-ten'tus, _adj._ proceeding slowly. - -PEDIATRICS, ped-i-at'riks, _n.pl._ that branch of medical science which -relates to children and their special diseases.--Also PED'IATRY. [Gr. -_pais_, _paidos_, a child, _iatrikos_, relating to a physician.] - -PEDICEL, ped'i-sel, _n._ the little footstalk by which a single leaf or -flower is fixed on the twig or on the cluster of which it forms a -part--also PED'ICLE.--_n._ PEDICELL[=A]'RIA, a minute structure on the skin -of sea-urchins and star-fish, like a stalk with a three or two bladed -snapping forceps at the summit.--_adjs._ PED'ICELLATE, PEDIC'[=U]LATE, -provided with a pedicel.--_n._ PED'ICLE, a fetter for the foot. [Fr. -_p['e]dicelle_--L. _pediculus_, dim. of _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.] - -PEDICULUS, p[=e]-dik'[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of lice, or an individual of -it.--_adjs._ P[=E]DIC'ULAR, P[=E]DIC'ULOUS, lousy.--_ns._ -P[=E]DICUL[=A]'TION, P[=E]DICUL[=O]'SIS, lousiness. - -PEDICURE, ped'i-k[=u]r, _n._ the treatment of corns, bunions, or the like: -one who treats the feet. - -PEDIFEROUS, p[=e]-dif'e-rus, _adj._ footed--also P[=E]DIG'EROUS.--_adj._ -PED'IFORM, foot-shaped. - -PEDIGREE, ped'i-gr[=e], _n._ a line of ancestors: a list, in order, of the -ancestors from whom one has descended: lineage: genealogy.--_adj._ -PED'IGREED, having a pedigree. [Skeat suggests Fr. _pied de grue_, -crane's-foot, from its use in the drawing out of pedigrees.] - -PEDIMANOUS, p[=e]-dim'a-nus, _adj._ having all four feet like hands--of the -opossums and lemurs.--_n._ PED'IMANE. - -[Illustration] - -PEDIMENT, ped'i-ment, _n._ (_archit._) a triangular or circular ornament -which crowns the fronts of buildings, and serves as a finish to the tops of -doors, windows, porticoes, &c.--_adjs._ PEDIMENT'AL; PED'IMENTED, furnished -with a pediment: like a pediment. [L. _pedamentum_--_pes_, _pedis_, the -foot.] - -PEDIPALP, ped'i-palp, _n._ a maxillipalp or maxillary palpus.--_adj._ -pertaining to the same.--_n.pl._ PEDIPAL'PI, an order of -_Arachnida_.--_adj._ PEDIPAL'POUS. - -PEDLAR. See PEDDLE. - -PEDOBAPTISM, p[=e]-d[=o]-bap'tizm, _n._ infant baptism.--_n._ PEDOBAP'TIST, -one who believes in infant baptism. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child, -_baptism_.] - -PEDOMETER, p[=e]-dom'et-[.e]r, _n._ an instrument, somewhat like a watch, -by which the number of the steps of a pedestrian are registered, from which -the distance he has walked is measured.--_adj._ PEDOMET'RIC. [L. _pes_, -_pedis_, a foot, Gr. _metron_, a measure.] - -PEDOMOTOR, ped-[=o]-m[=o]'tor, _n._ a means for applying the foot as a -driving power.--_adj._ PEDOM[=O]'TIVE. - -PEDOTROPHY, p[=e]-dot'r[=o]-fi, _n._ the rearing of children.--_adj._ -PEDOTROPH'IC.--_n._ PEDOT'ROPHIST. [Gr. _pais_, _paidos_, a child, -_trephein_, to nourish.] - -PEDUM, p[=e]'dum, _n._ a shepherd's crook. [L.] - -PEDUNCLE, p[=e]-dung'kl, _n._ the stalk by which a cluster of flowers or -leaves is joined to a twig or branch--sometimes same as _pedicel_--also -PEDUN'CULUS.--_adjs._ PEDUN'CULAR, PEDUN'CULATE, -D. [Fr. _pedoncule_--Low -L. _pedunculus_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, the foot.] - -PEECE, p[=e]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a fabric, a fortified place. - -PEECED, p[=e]sd, _adj._ (_Spens._) imperfect. - -PEEK, p[=e]k, _v.i._ to peep.--_n._ PEEK'ABOO, a children's game, from the -cry made when hiding one's eyes. - -PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to strip off the skin or bark: to bare.--_v.i._ to -come off as the skin: to lose the skin: (_slang_) to undress.--_n._ the -skin, rind, or bark: (_print._) a wooden pole with short cross-piece for -carrying printed sheets to the poles on which they are to be dried: the -wash or blade of an oar--not the loom: a mark ([Peel mark]) for cattle, for -persons who cannot write, &c.--_adj._ PEELED, stripped of skin, rind, or -bark: plundered.--_ns._ PEEL'ER, one who peels, a plunderer; PEEL'ING, the -act of stripping: that which is stripped off: (_print._) the removing of -the layers of a paper overlay, to get a lighter impression. [O. Fr. -_peler_, to unskin--L. _pil[=a]re_, to deprive of hair--_pilus_, a hair; or -_pellis_, a skin.] - -PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a small Border fortress.--Also PEEL'-TOW'ER. [_Pile_.] - -PEEL, p[=e]l, _n._ a baker's wooden shovel: a fire-shovel. [O. Fr. -_pele_--L. _p[=a]la_, a spade.] - -PEEL, p[=e]l, _v.t._ to plunder: to pillage. [_Pill_ (v.).] - -PEELER, p[=e]l'[.e]r, _n._ a policeman, from Sir R. _Peel_, who established -the Irish police (1812-18) and improved those in Britain (1828-30).--_n._ -PEEL'ITE, a follower of Peel in the reform of the Corn-laws in 1846. - -PEEN, p[=e]n, _n._ the end of a hammer-head, usually shaped for -indenting.--_v.t._ to strike with such. [Ger. _pinne_.] - -PEENGE, p[=e]nj, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to complain childishly. - -PEEP, p[=e]p, _v.i._ to chirp, or cry as a chicken.--_n._ the cry of a -young chicken. [Fr. _piper_--L. _pip[=a]re_.] - -PEEP, p[=e]p, _v.i._ to look through a narrow opening: to look out from -concealment: to look slyly or cautiously: to begin to appear.--_n._ a sly -look: a beginning to appear, a glimpse: a narrow view, a slit.--_ns._ -PEEP'ER, one that peeps: a prying person: a chicken just breaking the -shell: (_slang_) the eye; PEEP'-HOLE, a hole through which one may look -without being seen; PEEP'-O'-DAY, the first appearance of light in the -morning; PEEP'-SHOW, a small show viewed through a small hole, usually -fitted with a magnifying-glass; PEEP'-SIGHT, a plate on the breach with a -small hole through which a gunner takes his sight.--PEEPING TOM, a prying -fellow, esp. one who peeps in at windows; PEEP-O'-DAY BOYS, a band of -Protestants in the north of Ireland, in the end of the 18th -century--opposed to the Catholic _Defenders_. [Same as above, Fr. _piper_, -to chirp like a bird, then to beguile, whence _peep_=to look out slyly.] - -PEER, p[=e]r, _n._ an equal in rank, ability, character, &c.: an associate: -a nobleman: a member of the House of Lords:--_fem._ PEER'ESS.--_n._ -PEER'AGE, the rank or dignity of a peer: the body of peers: a book -containing a description of the history, connections, &c. of the different -peers.--_adj._ PEER'LESS, having no peer or equal: matchless.--_adv._ -PEER'LESSLY.--_n._ PEER'LESSNESS.--HOUSE OF PEERS, the House of Lords; -SPIRITUAL PEER, one of the bishops or archbishops qualified to sit as -members of the House of Lords; TEMPORAL PEER, one of the members of the -House of Lords, other than the bishops. [O. Fr. (Fr. _pair_),--L. _par_, -_paris_, equal.] - -PEER, p[=e]r, _v.i._ to look narrowly or closely: to peep: to -appear:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ peered.--_adj._ PEER'Y, prying, sly. [M. E. -_piren_--Low Ger. _piren_, orig. _pliren_, to draw the eyelids together.] - -PEERIE, PEERY, p[=e]r'i, _n._ a top spun with a string. - -PEEVERS, p[=e]v'ers, _n._ (_Scot._) the game of hop-scotch. - -PEEVISH, p[=e]v'ish, _adj._ habitually fretful: easily annoyed: hard to -please: showing ill-nature: childish.--_adv._ PEEV'ISHLY.--_n._ -PEEV'ISHNESS. [Prob. imit. of the puling of fretful infants.] - -PEEWIT. Same as PEWIT. - -PEG, peg, _n._ a wooden pin for fastening boards, or the soles of shoes: -one of the pins on which the strings of a musical instrument are stretched: -a reason or excuse for action: a drink of soda-water with brandy, &c.: a -degree or step.--_v.t._ to fasten with a peg: to keep up the market price -by buying or selling at a fixed price: to make points during the game of -cribbage before the show of hands.--_v.i._ to work with unremitting -effort:--_pr.p._ peg'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pegged.--_ns._ PEG'-FICHED, -an English game played with pegs or pointed sticks; PEG'-FLOAT, a machine -for rasping away the ends of pegs inside shoes.--_adj._ PEGGED, fashioned -of, or furnished with, pegs.--_ns._ PEG'GING, the act of fastening with a -peg: pegs collectively: a thrashing: determined perseverance in work; -PEG'-LEG, a wooden leg of the simplest form, or one who walks on such; -PEG'-STRIP, a ribbon of wood cut to the width, &c., of a shoe-peg; -PEG'-TANK'ARD, a drinking-vessel having each one's share marked off by a -knob; PEG'-TOP, a child's plaything made to spin round by winding a string -round it and then rapidly pulling it off: (_pl._) a kind of trousers, wide -at the top and narrow at the ankles.--_adj._ shaped like a top.--PEG AWAY, -to keep continually working.--TAKE DOWN A PEG, to take down, to humble. -[Scand.; as in Dan. _pig_, a spike.] - -PEGASUS, peg'a-sus, _n._ a winged horse which arose from the blood of the -Gorgon Medusa, when she was slain by Perseus: a genus of small fishes with -large, wing-like, pectoral fins: one of the constellations in the northern -sky.--_adj._ PEGAS[=E]'AN. - -PEGGY, peg'i, _n._ one of several small warblers, the whitethroat, &c. -[_Peggy_, from _Peg_=_Meg_--_Margaret_.] - -PEGMATITE, peg'ma-t[=i]t, _n._ coarsely crystallised granite.--_adj._ -PEGMATIT'IC. - -PEHLEVI, p[=a]'le-v[=e], _n._ an ancient West Iranian idiom during the -period of the Sassanides, largely mixed with Semitic words, and poorer in -inflections and terminations than Zend (235-640 A.D.): the characters used -in writing this language.--_adj._ of or pertaining to, or written in, -Pehlevi. [Pers.] - -PEIGNOIR, p[=e]n-w[:a]r', _n._ a loose wrapper worn by women during their -toilet. [Fr.] - -PEINCT, p[=a]ngkt, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to paint. - -PEINE, p[=a]n, _n._ a form of punishment by pressing to death--usually -_Peine forte et dure_. [Fr.] - -PEIRASTIC, p[=i]-ras'tik, _adj._ tentative.--_n._ PEIRAM'ETER, an -instrument for measuring the resistances of road-surface to traction. [Gr. -_peira_, a trial.] - -PEISE, p[=a]z, _v.t._ (_Spens._, _Shak._) to poise, to weigh.--_n._ a -weight. [_Poise_.] - -PEJORATION, p[=e]-j[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ a becoming worse: -deterioration.--_v.i._ P[=E]'JOR[=A]TE.--_adj._ and _n._ -P[=E]'JOR[=A]TIVE.--_n._ P[=E]JOR'ITY. [L. _pejor_, worse, comp. of -_malus_, bad.] - -PEKAN, pek'an, _n._ an American species of Marten--called also -_Wood-shock_, _Fisher_, and _Black-fox_. - -PEKOE, p[=e]'k[=o], _n._ a scented black tea. [Chinese.] - -PELAGE, pel'[=a]j, _n._ the hair or wool of a mammal. [Fr.] - -PELAGIAN, p[=e]-l[=a]'ji-an, _n._ one who holds the views of _Pelagius_, a -British monk of the 4th century, who denied original sin.--_adj._ -pertaining to Pelagius.--_n._ PEL[=A]'GIANISM, the doctrines of Pelagius. - -PELAGIC, p[=e]-laj'ik, _adj._ inhabiting the deep sea, marine, oceanic. -[Gr. _pelagos_, the sea.] - -PELARGONIUM, pel-ar-g[=o]'ni-um, _n._ a vast genus of beautiful flowering -plants of order _Geraniaceae_.--_adj._ P[=E]LAR'GIC, stork-like. [Gr. -_pelargos_, stork, the beaked capsules resembling a stork's beak.] - -PELASGIC, p[=e]-las'jik, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pelasgians_ or -_Pelasgi_, a race spread over Greece in prehistoric times, to whom are -ascribed many enormous remains built of unhewn stones, without cement--the -so-called PELASGIC ARCHITECTURE. Also PELAS'GIAN. - -P[^E]LE-M[^E]LE. See PELL-MELL, _adv._ - -PELERINE, pel'[.e]r-in, _n._ a woman's tippet or cape with long ends coming -down in front. [Fr., a tippet--_p[`e]lerin_, a pilgrim--L. _peregrinus_, -foreign.] - -PELF, pelf, _n._ riches (in a bad sense): money. [O. Fr. _pelfre_, booty; -allied to _pilfer_.] - -PELICAN, pel'i-kan, _n._ a large water-fowl, having an enormous distensible -gular pouch: an alembic with tubulated head from which two opposite and -crooked beaks extend and enter again the body of the vessel--used for -continuous distillation: a dentist's instrument: (_her._) a pelican above -her nest, with wings indorsed, wounding her breast with her beak in order -to feed her young with her blood. [Low L. _pelicanus_--Gr. -_pelikan_--_pelekus_, an axe.] - -PELIKE, pel'i-k[=e], _n._ a large vase like the hydria, double-handled. -[Gr.] - -PELISSE, pe-l[=e]s', _n._ a cloak of silk or other cloth, with sleeves, -worn by ladies: a garment lined with fur, a dragoon's jacket with shaggy -lining. [Fr.,--Low L. _pellicea (vestis)_--L. _pellis_, a skin.] - -PELL, pel, _n._ a skin or hide: a roll of parchment. [O. Fr. _pel_ (Fr. -_peau_)--L. _pellis_, a skin or hide.] - -PELLAGRA, pe-l[=a]'gra, _n._ a loathsome skin disease supposed to be common -in the rice-producing part of the north of Italy.--_n._ PELL[=A]'GRIN, one -afflicted with pellagra.--_adj._ PELL[=A]'GROUS, like or afflicted with -pellagra. [Gr. _pella_, skin, _agra_, seizure.] - -PELLET, pel'et, _n._ a little ball, as of lint or wax: a small rounded -boss: a small pill: a ball of shot.--_adj._ PELL'ETED, consisting of -pellets: pelted, as with bullets. [O. Fr. _pelote_--L. _pila_, a ball.] - -PELLICLE, pel'i-kl, _n._ a thin skin or film: the film or scum which -gathers on liquors.--_adj._ PELLIC'ULAR. - -PELLITORY, pel'i-tor-i, _n._ a genus of plants found most commonly on old -walls and heaps of rubbish: the feverfew.--_n._ PELL'ITORY-OF-SPAIN, a -plant which grows in Algeria, the root of which causes in the hands first a -sensation of extreme cold, then one of a burning heat. [L. _parietaria_, -the wall-plant--_parietarius_--_paries_, _parietis_, a wall.] - -PELL-MELL, pel-mel', _adv._ in great confusion: promiscuously: in a -disorderly manner--also written _P[^e]le-m[^e]le_.--_n._ PELL-MELL' (same -as PALL-MALL). [O. Fr. _pesle-mesle_ (Fr. _p[^e]le-m[^e]le_), _-mesle_ -being from O. Fr. _mesler_ (Fr. _m[^e]ler_), to mix--Low L. -_miscul[=a]re_--L. _misc[=e]re_; and _pesle_, a rhyming addition, perh. -influenced by Fr. _pelle_, shovel.] - -PELLUCID, pe-l[=u]'sid, _adj._ perfectly clear: letting light through: -transparent.--_ns._ PELL[=U]CID'ITY, PELL[=U]'CIDNESS.--_adv._ -PELL[=U]'CIDLY. [Fr.,--L. _pellucidus_--_per_, perfectly, _lucidus_, -clear--_luc[=e]re_, to shine.] - -PELMA, pel'ma, _n._ the sole of the foot.--_n._ PELMAT'OGRAM, the -impression of the foot. [Gr.] - -PELOPID, pel'[=o]-pid, _adj._ pertaining to _Pelops_.--_n._ one of his -descendants. - -PELOPONNESIAN, pel-[=o]-po-n[=e]'zi-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the -_Peloponnesus_ or southern part of Greece.--_n._ an inhabitant or a native -of the Peloponnesus.--PELOPONNESIAN WAR, a war between Athens and Sparta -(431-404 B.C.). [Gr. _Pelops_, an ancient Greek hero, _n[=e]sos_, an -island.] - -PELORIA, p[=e]-l[=o]'ri-a, _n._ the appearance of regularity in flowers -normally irregular--also PEL'ORISM.--_adjs._ P[=E]LOR'IATE, P[=E]LOR'IC. -[Gr. _pel[=o]r_, a monster.] - -PELT, pelt, _n._ a raw hide: the quarry or prey of a hawk all torn.--_ns._ -PELT'MONGER, a dealer in skins; PELT'RY, the skins of animals with the fur -on them: furs. [M. E. _pelt_, _peltry_--O. Fr. _pelleterie_--_pelletier_, a -skinner--L. _pellis_, a skin.] - -PELT, pelt, _v.t._ to strike with something thrown: to cast.--_v.i._ to -fall heavily, as rain.--_n._ a blow from something thrown.--_ns._ PEL'TER, -a shower of missiles, a sharp storm of rain, &c.: a storm of anger; -PEL'TING, an assault with a pellet, or with anything thrown. [Cf. -_Pellet_.] - -PELTA, pel'ta, _n._ a light buckler.--_n._ PEL'TAST, a soldier armed with -this.--_adjs._ PEL'T[=A]TE, -D, shield-shaped; PELTAT'IFID, PEL'TIFORM. -[L.,--Gr. _pelt[=e]_.] - -PELTING, pel'ting, _adj._ (_Shak._) paltry, contemptible.--_adv._ -PELT'INGLY. [_Paltry_.] - -PELVIS, pel'vis, _n._ the bony cavity at the lower end of the trunk, -forming the lower part of the abdomen.--_adjs._ PEL'VIC, of or pertaining -to the pelvis; PEL'VIFORM, openly cup-shaped.--_ns._ PELVIM'ETER, an -instrument for measuring the diameters of the pelvis; PELVIM'ETRY. [L. -_pelvis_, a basin.] - -PEMMICAN, PEMICAN, pem'i-kan, _n._ a North American Indian preparation, -consisting of lean venison, dried, pounded, and pressed into cakes, now -made of beef and used in Arctic expeditions, &c. - -PEMPHIGUS, pem'fi-gus, _n._ an affection of the skin with pustules.--_adj._ -PEM'PHIGOID. [Gr.] - -PEN, pen, _v.t._ to shut up: to confine in a small enclosure:--_pr.p._ -pen'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ penned or pent.--_n._ a small enclosure: a -fold for animals: a coop. [A.S. _pennan_, to shut up, in comp. _on pennan_, -to unpen. Prop. to fasten with a _pin_.] - -PEN, pen, _n._ one of the large feathers of the wing of a bird: an -instrument used for writing, formerly made of the feather of a bird, but -now of steel, &c.: style of writing: a female swan--opp. to _Cob_.--_v.t._ -to write, to commit to paper:--_pr.p._ pen'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -penned.--_adj._ PEN'-AND-INK', written, literary: executed with pen and -ink, as a drawing.--_ns._ PEN'-CASE, a holder for a pen or pens; PEN'CRAFT, -skill in penmanship: the art of composition; PEN'-DRIV'ER, a clerk; -PEN'FUL, what one can write with one dip of ink; PEN'-HOLD'ER, a holder for -pens or nibs; PEN'-W[=I]'PER, a piece of cloth, leather, &c. for wiping -pens after use; PEN'-WOM'AN, a female writer. [O. Fr. _penne_--L. _penna_, -a feather.] - -PENAL, p[=e]'nal, _adj._ pertaining to, incurring, or constituting -punishment: used for punishment.--_v.t._ P[=E]'NALISE, to lay under -penalty.--_adv._ P[=E]'NALLY.--PENAL LAWS, laws prohibiting certain actions -under penalties; PENAL SERVITUDE, hard labour in a prison as a punishment -for crime--introduced in England in 1853 instead of transportation; PENAL -STATUTE, a statute imposing a penalty or punishment for crime. [Fr.,--L. -_poenalis_--_poena_, Gr. _poin[=e]_, punishment.] - -PENALTY, pen'al-ti, _n._ punishment: suffering in person or property for -wrong-doing or for breach of a law: a fine or loss which a person agrees to -pay or bear in case of his non-fulfilment of some undertaking: a -fine.--UNDER PENALTY OF, so as to suffer, or (after a negative) without -suffering the punishment of. - -PENANCE, pen'ans, _n._ repentance: external acts performed to manifest -sorrow for sin, to seek to atone for the sin and to avert the punishment -which, even after the guilt has been remitted, may still remain due to the -offence--also the sacrament by which absolution is conveyed (involving -contrition, confession, and satisfaction): any instrument of -self-punishment.--_v.t._ to impose penance on: to punish. [O. Fr.; cf. -_Penitence_.] - -PENANG-LAWYER, pe-nang'-law'y[.e]r, _n._ a walking-stick made from the stem -of a Penang palm. [Prob. a corr. of _Penang liyar_, the wild areca.] - -PENANNULAR, p[=e]-nan'[=u]-lar, _adj._ shaped almost like a ring. [L. -_paena_, almost, _annularis_, annular.] - -PENATES, p[=e]-n[=a]'t[=e]s, _n.pl._ the household gods of ancient Rome who -presided over and were worshipped by each family. [L., from root _pen-_ in -L. _penitus_, within, _penetralia_, the inner part of anything.] - -PENCE, pens, _n._ plural of _penny_ (q.v.). - -PENCHANT, p[:a]ng'sh[:a]ng, _n._ inclination: decided taste: bias. [Fr., -pr.p. of _pencher_, to incline, through a form _pendic[=a]re_, from L. -_pend[=e]re_, to hang.] - -PENCIL, pen'sil, _n._ a small hair brush for laying on colours: any pointed -instrument for writing or drawing without ink: a collection of rays of -light converging to a point: the art of painting or drawing.--_v.t._ to -write, sketch, or mark with a pencil: to paint or draw:--_pr.p._ -pen'cilling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pen'cilled.--_ns._ PEN'CIL-CASE, a holder -for a pencil; PEN'CIL-COM'PASS, a compass having a pencil on one of its -legs for use in drawing.--_adjs._ PEN'CILLED, written or marked with a -pencil: having pencils of rays: radiated: (_bot._) marked with fine lines, -as with a pencil; PEN'CILLIFORM, having the form of a pencil, as of -rays.--_ns._ PEN'CILLING, the art of writing, sketching, or marking with a -pencil: marks made with a pencil: fine lines on flowers or the feathers of -birds: a sketch; PEN'CIL-SKETCH, a sketch made with a pencil. [O. Fr. -_pincel_ (Fr. _pinceau_)--L. _penicillum_, a painter's brush, dim. of -_penis_, a tail.] - -PEND, pend, _n._ (_obs._) an enclosure: (_Scot._) a narrow close leading -off a main street. - -PEND, pend, _v.i._ to hang, as in a balance, to impend.--_adj._ PEND'ING, -hanging: remaining undecided: not terminated.--_prep._ during. - -PENDANT, pen'dant, _n._ anything hanging, esp. for ornament: an earring: a -lamp hanging from the roof: an ornament of wood or of stone hanging -downwards from a roof: a long narrow flag, at the head of the principal -mast in a royal ship: something attached to another thing of the same kind, -an appendix, a companion picture, poem, &c.--_ns._ PEN'DENCE, PEN'DENCY, a -hanging in suspense: state of being undecided.--_adj._ PEN'DENT, hanging: -projecting: supported above the ground or base: (_bot._) hanging downwards, -as a flower or a leaf.--_n._ PENDEN'TIVE (_archit._), the triangular -portion of a dome cut off between two supporting arches at right angles to -each other.--_adv._ PEN'DENTLY.--_ns._ PEN'DICLE, an appendage: something -attached to another, as a privilege, a small piece of ground for -cultivation; PEN'D[=U]LET, a pendant. [Fr. _pendant_, pr.p. of _pendre_, to -hang--L. _pendens_, _-entis_--_pr.p._ of _pend[=e]re_, to hang.] - -PENDRAGON, pen-drag'on, _n._ a chief leader: an ancient British -chief.--_n._ PENDRAG'ONSHIP. [W. _pen_, head, _dragon_, a chief.] - -PENDULUM, pen'd[=u]-lum, _n._ any weight so hung from a fixed point as to -swing freely: the swinging weight which regulates the movement of a clock: -a lamp, &c., pendent from a ceiling: a guard-ring of a watch by which it is -attached to a chain.--_adj._ PEN'DULAR, relating to a pendulum.--_v.i._ -PEN'DULATE, to swing, vibrate.--_adjs._ PEN'DULENT, pendulous; PEN'DULINE, -building a pendulous nest; PEN'DULOUS, hanging loosely: swinging freely, as -the pensile nests of birds: (_bot._) hanging downwards, as a flower on a -curved stalk.--_adv._ PEN'DULOUSLY.--_ns._ PEN'DULOUSNESS, -PEN'DULOSITY.--PENDULUM WIRE, a kind of flat steel wire for clock -pendulums.--COMPENSATION PENDULUM, a pendulum so constructed that its rod -is not altered in length by changes of temperature; COMPOUND PENDULUM, -every ordinary pendulum is _compound_, as differing from a SIMPLE PENDULUM, -which is a material point suspended by an ideal line; INVARIABLE PENDULUM, -a pendulum for carrying from station to station to be oscillated at each so -as to fix the relative acceleration of gravity; LONG and SHORT PENDULUM, a -pendulum for determining the absolute force of gravity by means of a bob -suspended by a wire of varying length. [L., neut. of _pendulus_, -hanging--_pend[=e]re_, to hang.] - -PENEIAN, p[=e]-n[=e]'yan, _adj._ relating to the river _Peneus_ in the -famous Vale of Tempe in Thessaly. - -PENELOPISE, p[=e]-nel'o-p[=i]z, _v.i._ to act like _Penelope_, the wife of -Ulysses, who undid at night the work she did by day, to gain time from her -suitors. - -PENETRATE, pen'[=e]-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to thrust into the inside: to pierce -into: to affect the mind or feelings: to enter and to fill: to understand: -to find out.--_v.i._ to make way: to pass inwards.--_ns._ PENETRABIL'ITY, -PEN'ETRABLENESS.--_adj._ PEN'ETRABLE, that may be penetrated or pierced by -another body: capable of having impressions made upon the mind.--_adv._ -PEN'ETRABLY, so as to be penetrated--_n.pl._ PENETR[=A]'LIA, the inmost -parts of a building: secrets: mysteries.--_ns._ PEN'ETRANCE, PEN'ETRANCY, -the quality of being penetrant.--_adjs._ PEN'ETRANT, subtle, penetrating; -PEN'ETRATING, piercing or entering: sharp: subtle: acute: -discerning.--_adv._ PEN'ETRATINGLY.--_n._ PENETR[=A]'TION, the act or power -of penetrating or entering: acuteness: discernment: the space-penetrating -power of a telescope.--_adj._ PEN'ETRATIVE, tending to penetrate: piercing: -sagacious: affecting the mind.--_adv._ PEN'ETRATIVELY, in a penetrative -manner.--_n._ PEN'ETRATIVENESS, the quality of being penetrative: -penetrative power. [L. _penetr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_penes_, within.] - -PEN-FISH, pen'-fish, _n._ a sparoid fish of genus _Calamus_. - -PENFOLD. Same as PINFOLD. - -PENGUIN, pen'gwin, _n._ an aquatic bird in the southern hemisphere, unable -to fly, but very expert in diving--also PIN'GUIN.--_n._ PEN'GUINERY, a -breeding-place of penguins. [Ety. dub.; a corr. of _pen-wing_, or from W. -_pen_, head, _gwen_, white.] - -PEN-GUN, pen'-gun, _n._ a pop-gun. - -PENICIL, pen'i-sil, _n._ a brush of hairs: a pledget for wounds, -&c.--_adjs._ PEN'ICILLATE, PENICIL'LIFORM.--_n._ PENICIL'LIUM, one of the -blue-moulds. - -PENINSULA, p[=e]-nin's[=u]-la, _n._ land so surrounded by water as to be -almost an island.--_adj._ PENIN'SULAR, pertaining to a peninsula: in the -form of a peninsula: inhabiting a peninsula.--_n._ PENINSULAR'ITY, state of -being, or of inhabiting, a peninsula: narrow provincialism.--_v.t._ -PENIN'SULATE, to form into a peninsula: to surround almost entirely with -water.--PENINSULAR WAR, the war in Spain and Portugal, carried on by Great -Britain against Napoleon's marshals (1804-1814).--THE PENINSULA, Spain and -Portugal. [L.,--_paene_, almost, _insula_, an island.] - -PENIS, p[=e]'nis, _n._ the characteristic external male organ.--_adj._ -P[=E]'NIAL. [L., a tail.] - -PENISTONE, pen'i-st[=o]n, _n._ a coarse frieze.--PENISTONE FLAGS, a kind of -sandstone for paving and building, brought from _Penistone_ in Yorkshire. - -PENITENT, pen'i-tent, _adj._ suffering pain or sorrow for sin: contrite: -repentant.--_n._ one who is sorry for sin: one who has confessed sin, and -is undergoing penance.--_ns._ PEN'ITENCE, PEN'ITENCY, state of being -penitent: sorrow for sin.--_adj._ PENITEN'TIAL, pertaining to, or -expressive of, penitence.--_n._ a book of rules relating to -penance.--_adv._ PENITEN'TIALLY.--_adj._ PENITEN'TIARY, relating to -penance: penitential.--_n._ a penitent: an office at the court of Rome for -examining and issuing secret bulls, dispensations, &c.: a book for guidance -in imposing penances: a place for the performance of penance: a house of -correction and punishment for offenders.--_adv._ PEN'ITENTLY.--PENITENTIAL -GARMENT, a rough garment worn for penance; PENITENTIAL PSALMS, certain -psalms suitable for being sung by penitents, as the 6th, 32d, 38th, 51st, -102d, 130th, 143d. [Fr.,--L. _poenitens_, _-entis_--_poenit[=e]re_, to -cause to repent.] - -PENKNIFE, pen'n[=i]f, _n._ a small knife, originally for making and mending -quill pens. - -PENMAN, pen'man, _n._ a man skilled in the use of the pen: an -author:--_pl._ PEN'MEN.--_n._ PEN'MANSHIP, the use of the pen: art or -manner of writing. - -PENNA, pen'a, _n._ a feather, esp. one of the large feathers of the wings -or tail.--_adj._ PENN[=A]'CEOUS. [L.] - -PENNAL, pen'al, _n._ a freshman at a German university--so called from -their pennales or pen-cases.--_n._ PENN'ALISM, a system of fagging once in -vogue at German universities. - -PEN-NAME, pen'-n[=a]m, _n._ a name, other than his real one, by which an -author is known to the public: a nom de plume. - -PENNANT, pen'ant, _n._ a flag many times as long as it is wide: a streamer: -a long narrow piece of bunting at the mast-heads of war-ships.--Also -PENN'ON. [_Pennant_ is formed from _pennon_, with excrescent _t_; _pennon_ -is Fr. _pennon_--L. _penna_, a wing.] - -PENNATE, -D, pen'[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ winged: (_bot._) same as -PINNATE.--_adj._ PENNATIF'ID (see PINNATIFID).--_n._ PENNE (_Spens._), a -feather.--_adj._ PENNED, having wings: winged: written with a pen.--_n._ -PEN'NER, a case for holding pens: (_her._) a representation of such carried -at the girdle.--_adjs._ PENNIF'EROUS, PENNIG'EROUS, feathered; PEN'NIFORM, -like a feather in form. [L. _pennatus_--_penna_, wing.] - -PENNILL, pen'il, _n._ a kind of Welsh verse, in which the singer has to -change words and measure according to the variations of his accompanist on -the harp. [W. 'a verse,' pl. _pennillion_.] - -PENNON, pen'on, _n._ a flag, a medieval knight-bachelor's ensign: a long -narrow flag: a pinion or wing.--_ns._ PENN'ONCELLE, a small flag like a -pennon; PENN'ONCIER, a knight-bachelor.--_adj._ PENN'ONED, bearing a -pennon. [Cf. _Pennant._] - -PENNY, pen'i, _n._ a copper coin (bronze since 1860), originally -silver=1/12 of a shilling, or four farthings: a small sum: money in -general: (_N.T._) a silver coin=7-1/2d.: pound, in _fourpenny_, _sixpenny_, -_tenpenny nails_=four, six, ten _pound_ weight to the thousand:--_pl._ -PENNIES (pen'iz), denoting the number of coins; PENCE (pens), the amount of -pennies in value.--_adjs._ PENN'IED, possessed of a penny; PENN'ILESS, -without a penny: without money: poor.--_ns._ PENN'ILESSNESS; -PENN'Y-A-LIN'ER, one who writes for a public journal at so much a line: a -writer for pay; PENN'Y-A-LIN'ERISM, hack-writing; PENN'Y-DOG, the tope or -miller's dog, a kind of shark; PENN'Y-POST, a means of carrying a letter -for a penny; PENN'Y-RENT, income; PENN'YWEIGHT, twenty-four grains of troy -weight (the weight of a silver penny); PENN'Y-WIS'DOM, prudence in petty -matters.--_adj._ PENN'Y-WISE, saving small sums at the risk of larger: -niggardly on improper occasions.--_ns._ PENN'Y-WORTH, a penny's worth of -anything: the amount that can be given for a penny: a good bargain--also -PENN''ORTH (_coll._); P[=E]'TER'S-PENCE, the name given to an old tribute -offered to the Roman Pontiff, now a voluntary contribution.--PENNY FEE -(_Scot._), a small wage; PENNY GAFF (_slang_), a low-class theatre; PENNY -MAIL (_Scot._), rent in money, not in kind: a small sum paid to the -superior of land; PENNY WEDDING, a wedding ceremonial in Scotland, at which -the invited guests made contributions in money to pay the general -expenses.--A PRETTY PENNY, a considerable sum of money; TURN AN HONEST -PENNY, to earn money honestly. [A.S. _penig_, oldest form _pending_, where -_pend_=Eng. _pawn_, Ger. _pfand_, Dut. _pand_, a pledge, all which are from -L. _pannus_, a rag, a piece of cloth.] - -PENNYROYAL, pen'i-roi-al, _n._ a species of mint, much in use in domestic -medicine, in the form of a warm infusion, to promote perspiration and as an -emmenagogue. [Corr. from old form _pulial_, which is traced through O. Fr. -to L. _puleium regium_, the plant pennyroyal--_pulex_, a flea.] - -PENOLOGY, PAENOLOGY, p[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the study of punishment in its -relation to crime: the management of prisons.--_n._ PENOL'OGIST. [Gr. -_poin[=e]_, punishment, _logia_, description.] - -PENS['E]E, pang-s[=a]', _n._ a thought. [Fr.] - -PENSEROSO, pen-se-r[=o]'so, _adj._ melancholy: thoughtful:--_fem. -Penser[=o]'sa._ [It.] - -PENSILE, pen's[=i]l, _adj._ hanging: suspended.--_ns._ PEN'SILENESS, -PENSIL'ITY. [Fr.,--L.,--_pend[=e]re_, hang.] - -PENSION, pen'shun, _n._ a stated allowance to a person for past services -performed by himself or by some relative: a payment made to a person -retired from service on account of age or weakness: a boarding-school or -boarding-house on the Continent (pron. pong-siong'): a sum paid to a -clergyman in place of tithes.--_v.t._ to grant a pension to.--_adjs._ -PEN'SIONABLE, entitled, or entitling, to a pension; PEN'SIONARY, receiving -a pension: consisting of a pension.--_n._ one who receives a pension: the -syndic or legal adviser of a Dutch town.--_ns._ PEN'SIONER, one who -receives a pension: a dependent: one who pays out of his own income for his -commons, chambers, &c. at Cambridge University=an Oxford _commoner_; -PEN'SIONNAIRE.--GRAND PENSIONARY, the president of the States-general of -Holland. [Fr.,--L. _pension-em_--_pend[)e]re_, _pensum_, to weigh, pay.] - -PENSIVE, pen'siv, _adj._ thoughtful: reflecting: expressing thoughtfulness -with sadness.--_adj._ PEN'SIVED (_Shak._), thought over.--_adv._ -PEN'SIVELY.--_n._ PEN'SIVENESS, state of being pensive: gloomy -thoughtfulness: melancholy. [Fr. _pensif_--L. _pens[=a]re_, to -weigh--_pend[)e]re_, to weigh.] - -PENSTOCK, pen'stok, _n._ a trough conveying water to a water-wheel. - -PENSUM, pen'sum, _n._ an extra task given a scholar in punishment. - -PENT, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of pen, to shut up. - -PENTACAPSULAR, pen-ta-kap's[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five capsules. - -PENTACHORD, pen'ta-kord, _n._ a musical instrument with five strings: a -diatonic series of five tones. - -PENTACLE, pent'a-kl, _n._ a figure formed by two equilateral triangles -intersecting regularly so as to form a six-pointed star: properly a -five-pointed object, the same as PENTAGRAM (q.v.), a defence against -demons.--_adj._ PENTAC'ULAR. [O. Fr., but prob. not from Gr. _pente_, five, -but O. Fr. _pente_, _pendre_, to hang. As applied to a magical figure prob. -a corr. of _pentangle_, perh. _pentacol_--_pendre_, to hang, a, on, _col_, -the neck.] - -PENTACOCCOUS, pen-ta-kok'us, _adj._ (_bot._) having five grains or seeds. - -PENTACROSTIC, pen-ta-kros'tik, _adj._ containing five acrostics of the same -name.--_n._ a set of such verses. - -PENTACT, pen'takt, _adj._ five-rayed.--Also PENTAC'TINAL. - -PENTAD, pen'tad, _n._ the number five, a group of five things: a mean of -temperature, &c., taken every five days. - -PENTADACTYLOUS, pen-ta-dak'ti-lus, _adj._ having five digits--also -PENTADAC'TYL.--_n._ PENTADAC'TYLISM. - -PENTADELPHOUS, pen-ta-del'fus, _adj._ (_bot._) grouped together in five -sets. - -PENTAGLOT, pen'ta-glot, _adj._ of five tongues.--_n._ a work in five -languages. - -[Illustration] - -PENTAGON, pen'ta-gon, _n._ (_geom._) a plane figure having five angles and -five sides: a fort with five bastions.--_adj._ PENTAG'ONAL.--_adv._ -PENTAG'ONALLY. [Gr. _pentag[=o]non_--_pente_, five, _g[=o]nia_, angle.] - -[Illustration] - -PENTAGRAM, pen'ta-gram, _n._ a five-pointed star: a magic figure so -called.--This is the proper _pentacle_.--_adj._ PENTAGRAMMAT'IC. [Gr. -_pente_, five, _gramma_, a letter.] - -PENTAGRAPH=_Pantograph_. - -PENTAGYNIA, pent-a-jin'i-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnaean order of plants, -characterised by their flowers having five pistils.--_n._ PENT'AGYN -(_bot._), a plant having five styles.--_adjs._ PENTAGYN'IAN, PENTAG'YNOUS. -[Gr. _pente_, five, _gyn[=e]_, a female.] - -PENTAHEDRON, pen-ta-h[=e]'dron, _n._ (_geom._) a solid figure bounded by -five plane faces.--_adj._ PENTAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _pente_, five, _hedra_, -base.] - -PENTALPHA, pen-tal'fa, _n._ a five-pointed star: a pentacle. [Gr. _pente_, -five, _alpha_.] - -PENTAMERON, pen-tam'e-ron, _n._ a famous collection of fifty folk-tales -(Naples 1637) written in the Neapolitan dialect by Giambattista Basile, -supposed to be told during five days by ten old women, for the -entertainment of a Moorish slave who has usurped the place of the rightful -princess. [It. _pentamerone_.] - -PENTAMEROUS, pen-tam'[.e]r-us, _adj._ (_bot._) consisting of or divided -into five parts.--PENTAMERUS BEDS (_geol._), a name applied to the upper -and lower Llandovery rocks, full of the brachiopods called _Pentamerus_. -[Gr. _pente_, five, _meros_, part.] - -PENTAMETER, pen-tam'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a verse of five measures or -feet.--_adj._ having five feet.--ELEGIAC PENTAMETER, a verse of six -dactylic feet, the third and sixth with the first member only; IAMBIC -PENTAMETER, in English, heroic couplets and blank verse. [Gr. -_pentametros_--_pente_, five, _metron_, a measure.] - -PENTANDRIA, pen-tan'dri-a, _n._ (_bot._) a Linnaean order of plants, -characterised by their flowers having five stamens.--_n._ PENTAN'DER, a -plant of the class Pentandria.--_adjs._ PENTAN'DRIAN, PENTAN'DROUS. [Gr. -_pente_, five, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man, a male.] - -PENTANGULAR, pen-tang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five angles. - -PENTAPETALOUS, pen-ta-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having five petals. - -PENTAPHYLLOUS, pen-ta-fil'us, _adj._ having five leaves. [Gr. _pente_, -five, _phyllon_, a leaf.] - -PENTAPODY, pen-tap'o-di, _n._ a measure of five feet. - -PENTAPOLIS, pen-tap'o-lis, _n._ a group of five cities.--_adj._ -PENTAPOL'ITAN, esp. of the ancient _Pentapolis_ of Cyrenaica in northern -Africa. [Gr. _pente_, five, _polis_, a city.] - -PENTARCHY, pen't[:a]r-ki, _n._ government by five persons. [Gr. _pente_, -five, _arch[=e]_, rule.] - -PENTASEPALOUS, pen-ta-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having five sepals. - -PENTASPERMOUS, pent-a-sp[.e]r'mus, _adj._ (_bot._) containing five seeds. -[Gr. _pente_, five, _sperma_, seed.] - -PENTASTICH, pen'ta-stik, _n._ a composition of five verses.--_adj._ -PENTAS'TICHOUS, five-ranked. - -PENTASTYLE, pen'ta-st[=i]l, _adj._ having five columns in front.--_n._ -(_archit._) a building with a portico of five columns. [Gr. _pente_, five, -_stylos_, a pillar.] - -PENTASYLLABIC, pen-ta-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having five syllables. - -PENTATEUCH, pen'ta-t[=u]k, _n._ a name used to denote the Jewish Thorah, -the first five books of the Old Testament.--_adj._ PEN'TATEUCHAL. [Gr. -_pente_, five, _teuchos_, a book--_teuchein_, to prepare.] - -PENTATHLON, pen-tath'lon, _n._ a contest consisting of five -exercises--wrestling, throwing the discus, spear-throwing, leaping, and -running--also PENTATH'LUM.--_n._ PENTATH'L[=E]TE, one who contests in the -pentathlon. [Gr. _pente_, five, _athlon_, a contest.] - -PENTATONIC, pen-ta-ton'ik, _adj._ consisting of five tones. - -PENTECONTER, pen't[=e]-kon-t[.e]r, _n._ an ancient Greek ship having fifty -oars. - -PENTECOST, pen't[=e]-kost, _n._ a Jewish festival held on the fiftieth day -after the Passover, in commemoration of the giving of the law: the festival -of Whitsuntide, held in remembrance of the descent of the Holy Ghost upon -the assembled disciples at the feast of Pentecost.--_adj._ -PENTECOST'AL.--_n.pl._ offerings formerly made to the parish priest at -Whitsuntide. [Gr. _pent[=e]kost[=e]_ (_h[=e]mera_), the fiftieth (day).] - -PENTEGRAPH=_Pantograph_. - -PENTELIC, -AN, pen-tel'ik, -an, _adj._ describing a kind of marble found at -Mount _Pentelicus_ near Athens. - -PENTETERIC, pen-te-ter'ik, _adj._ occurring every five years. [Gr., -_pente_, five, _etos_, a year.] - -PENTHEMIMERAL, pen-th[=e]-mim'e-ral, _adj._ belonging to a metrical group -of 2-1/2 feet. [Gr. _pente_, five, _h[=e]mi_, half, _meros_, a part.] - -PENTHOUSE, pent'hows, _n._ a shed projecting from or adjoining a main -building: a protection from the weather over a door or a window: anything -resembling a penthouse.--_v.t._ to provide with a penthouse, shelter by -means of a shed sloping from a wall, or anything similar. [A corr. of -_pentice_, which is from Fr. _appentis_--L. _appendicium_, an appendage.] - -PENTICE, pen'tis, _n._ See PENTHOUSE. - -PENTILE=_Pantile_. - -PENTROOF, pent'r[=oo]f, _n._ a roof with a slope on one side only. [A -hybrid word, from Fr. _pente_, a slope--_pendre_, to hang, and Eng. -_roof_.] - -PENTSTEMON, pent-st[=e]'mon, _n._ a genus of perennial herbs of the order -_Scrophularineae_, common in California. [Gr. _pente_, five, -_st[=e]m[=o]n_, warp, stamen.] - -PENTZIA, pent'si-a, _n._ a genus of South African shrubs, having yellow -flowers in small heads, usually in corymbs.--The chief species is _Pentzia -virgata_ or the 'sheep-fodder bush.' [Named after C. J. _Pentz_, a student -under Thunberg.] - -PENULT, p[=e]-nult', or p[=e]'nult, PENULT'IMA, _n._ the syllable last but -one.--_adj._ PENULT'IM[=A]TE, last but one.--_n._ the penult: the last -member but one of any series. [L. _penultima_--_paene_, almost, _ultimus_, -last.] - -PENUMBRA, p[=e]-num'bra, _n._ a partial or lighter shadow round the perfect -or darker shadow of an eclipse: the part of a picture where the light and -shade blend into each other.--_adjs._ PENUM'BRAL, PENUM'BROUS. [L. _paene_, -almost, _umbra_, shade.] - -PENURY, pen'[=u]-ri, _n._ want: absence of means or resources: great -poverty.--_adj._ PEN[=U]'RIOUS, showing penury: not bountiful: too saving: -sordid: miserly.--_adv._ PEN[=U]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ PEN[=U]'RIOUSNESS. -[Fr.,--L. _penuria_; Gr. _peina_, hunger, _pen[=e]s_, poor.] - -PEON, p[=e]'on, _n._ a day-labourer, esp. in South America, one working off -a debt by bondage: in India, a foot-soldier, a messenger, a native -policeman.--_ns._ P[=E]'ONAGE, P[=E]'ONISM, this kind of agricultural -servitude. [Sp.,--Low L. _pedo_--L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] - -PEONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order -_Ranunculaceae_, with large showy flowers, carmine, in some white. [O. Fr. -_pione_ (Fr. _pivoine_)--L. _paeonia_, healing--Gr. _Pai[=o]n_.] - -PEOPLE, p[=e]'pl, _n._ persons generally: the men, women, and children of a -country or a nation: the mass of persons as distinguished from the rulers, -&c.: an indefinite number: inhabitants: the vulgar: the populace:--_pl._ -PEOPLES (p[=e]'plz), races, tribes.--_v.t._ to stock with people or -inhabitants.--PEOPLE'S PALACE, an institution for the amusement, -recreation, and association of the working-classes, as that in the East End -of London, inaugurated in 1887.--CHOSEN PEOPLE, the Israelites; GOOD -PEOPLE, or FOLK, a popular euphemistic name for the fairies; PECULIAR -PEOPLE (see PECULIAR); THE PEOPLE, the populace, the mass. [Fr. -_peuple_--L. _populus_, prob. reduplicated from root of _plebs_, people.] - -PEOTOMY, p[=e]-ot'[=o]-mi, _n._ the amputation of the penis. [Gr. _peos_, -the penis, _temnein_, to cut.] - -PEPERIN, pep'e-rin, _n._ a volcanic tufa found in the Alban Hills near -Rome. [It. _peperino_--_pepe_, pepper--L. _piper_, pepper.] - -PEPITA, pe-p[=e]'ta, _n._ a nugget of gold. [Sp.] - -PEPLUM, pep'lum, _n._ an upper robe worn by women in ancient Greece.--Also -PEP'LUS. [L.,--Gr. _peplos_.] - -PEPO, p[=e]'p[=o], _n._ a fruit like that of the gourd. [Gr.] - -PEPPER, pep'[.e]r, _n._ a pungent aromatic condiment consisting of the -dried berries of the pepper-plant, entire or powdered: any plant of genus -_Piper_: a plant of genus _Capsicum_, or one of its pods, whence _Cayenne -pepper_.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with pepper: to hit or pelt with shot, &c.: to -pelt thoroughly: to do for.--_adj._ PEPP'ER-AND-SALT', of a colour composed -of a light ground dotted with fine spots of a dark colour, or of a dark -ground with light spots.--_ns._ PEPP'ER-BOX, a box with a perforated top -for sprinkling pepper on food; PEPP'ER-CAKE, a kind of spiced cake or -gingerbread; PEPP'ER-CAST'ER, the vessel, on a cruet-stand, from which -pepper is sprinkled; PEPP'ERCORN, the berry of the pepper plant: something -of little value--PEPPERCORN RENT, a nominal rent; PEPP'ERER, one who sells -pepper, a grocer; PEPP'ER-GIN'GERBREAD, hot-spiced gingerbread; -PEPP'ER-GRASS, any plant of genus _Lepidium_; PEPP'ERINESS; PEPP'ERMINT, a -species of mint, aromatic and pungent like pepper: a liquor distilled from -the plant: a lozenge flavoured with peppermint--_Peppermint-drop_, a -confection so flavoured; PEPP'ER-POT, a West Indian dish, of cassareep, -together with flesh or dried fish and vegetables, esp. green okra and -chillies: tripe shredded and stewed, with balls of dough and plenty of -pepper; PEPP'ER-TREE, a shrub of the cashew family, native to South -America, &c.--also PEPPER SHRUB and _Chili pepper_; PEPP'ERWORT, the -dittander.--_adj._ PEPP'ERY, possessing the qualities of pepper: hot, -choleric.--AETHIOPIAN PEPPER, the produce of _Xylopia Aethiopica_; BENIN -PEPPER, of _Cubeba Clusii_; GUINEA PEPPER, or MALEGUETTA PEPPER, of -_Amomum_; JAMAICA PEPPER, or PIMENTO, of species of Eugenia (_Myrtaceae_); -LONG PEPPER, the fruit of _Piper Longum_; WHITE PEPPER, the seed freed from -the skin and fleshy part of the fruit by soaking in water and rubbing the -dried fruit. [A.S. _pipor_--L. _piper_--Gr. _peperi_--Sans. _pippala_.] - -PEPPER'S GHOST, pep'[.e]rs g[=o]st, _n._ a device for associating on the -same stage living persons and phantoms to act together--the phantom -produced by a large sheet of unsilvered glass on the stage, practically -invisible to the spectators, reflecting to them, along with a visible actor -or actors, the appearance of another actor on an understage, himself -invisible. [John H. _Pepper_ (b. 1821), the improver and exhibitor of Henry -Dircks' invention.] - -PEPSIN, PEPSINE, pep'sin, _n._ one of the essential constituents of the -gastric juice: the active agent in fermenting food in the stomach--a -hydrolytic ferment.--_adj._ PEP'TIC, relating to or promoting digestion: -having a good digestion.--_ns._ PEPTIC'ITY, eupepsia; PEP'TICS, digestion -considered as a science: the digestive organs; PEP'TOGEN, a substance -producing peptone, any preparation that facilitates digestion.--_adjs._ -PEPTOGEN'IC, PEPTOG'ENOUS, PEPTON'IC.--_ns._ PEP'T[=O]NE, one of a class of -albumenoids formed by the action of the chemical ferment pepsin and -hydrochloric acid, the latter first converting into a syntonin or acid -protein, the former converting this syntonin into peptone--they are soluble -in water, are not coagulated by boiling, and pass readily through an animal -membrane, being therefore easily absorbed; PEPTONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ -PEP'TONISE, to convert into peptones.--_n._ PEP'TONOID, a substance like -peptone: one of certain food preparations. [Fr.,--Gr. _pepsis_, -digestion--_peptein_, to digest.] - -PEPYSIAN, pep'is-i-an, _adj._ pertaining to Samuel _Pepys_ (1633-1703), his -inimitable diary, or the collection of prints, books, ballads, &c. he -bequeathed to Magdalene College, Cambridge. - -PER, p[.e]r, _prep._ through, by means of, according to.--PER ANNUM, year -by year: for each year; PER CAPITA, by heads, implying equal rights to two -or more persons; PER CENT., per hundred; PER CONTRA, on the contrary: as a -set-off; PER DIEM, every day: day by day; PER MENSEM, monthly: by the -month; PER SALTUM, at a single leap: all at once; PER SE, by himself, &c.: -essentially. - -PERACUTE, per-a-k[=u]t', _adj._ very sharp or violent. - -PERADVENTURE, per-ad-vent'[=u]r, _adv._ by adventure: by chance: -perhaps.--_n._ uncertainty: question. - -PERAMBULATE, per-am'b[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to walk through or over: to pass -through for the purpose of surveying: to survey the boundaries of.--_ns._ -PERAMBUL[=A]'TION, act of perambulating: a survey or inspection by -travelling through: the district within which a person has the right of -inspection; PERAM'BUL[=A]TOR, one who perambulates: an instrument for -measuring distances on roads: a light carriage for a child.--_adj._ -PERAM'BUL[=A]TORY. [L. _perambul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, -_ambul[=a]re_, to walk.] - -PERCALE, per-k[:a]l', _n._ a closely woven French cambric.--_n._ -PER'CALINE, a glossy cotton cloth. [Fr.] - -PERCASE, per-k[=a]s', _adv._ (_Bacon_) perchance, perhaps. [L. _per_, -through, by, _casus_, a chance.] - -PERCEABLE, p[.e]rs'a-bl, _adj._ (_Spens._)=_Pierceable_. - -PERCEANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ piercing, penetrating.--_v.t._ PERC'EN -(_Spens._), to pierce. [Fr. _percant_, pr.p. of _percer_, to pierce.] - -PERCEIVE, per-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to become aware of through the senses: to get -knowledge of by the mind: to see: to understand: to discern.--_adj._ -PERCEIV'ABLE (same as PERCEPTIBLE).--_adv._ PERCEIV'ABLY (same as -PERCEPTIBLY).--_ns._ PERCEIV'ER; PERCEIV'ING (_Bacon_), perception. [O. Fr. -_percever_--L. _percip[)e]re_, _perceptum_--_per_, perfectly, _cap[)e]re_, -to take.] - -PERCENTAGE, per-sen't[=a]j, _n._ rate per hundred: an allowance of so much -for every hundred.--_adj._ PERCEN'TILE. [Cf. _Cent._] - -PERCEPT, p[.e]r'sept, _n._ that which is perceived by means of the -senses.--_n._ PERCEPTIBIL'ITY, quality of being perceptible.--_adj._ -PERCEP'TIBLE, that can be perceived: that may be known by the senses: -discernible.--_adv._ PERCEP'TIBLY.--_n._ PERCEP'TION, act of perceiving: -discernment: (_phil._) the faculty of perceiving: the evidence of external -objects by our senses.--_adjs._ PERCEP'TIONAL; PERCEP'TIVE, having the -power of perceiving or discerning.--_ns._ PERCEP'TIVENESS, the faculty or -power of perceiving: readiness to perceive; PERCEPTIV'ITY, character or -quality of being perceptive: power of perceiving.--_adj._ PERCEP'T[=U]AL, -of the nature of perception. - -PERCH, p[.e]rch, _n._ a genus of fresh-water fishes.--_adjs._ -PERCH'-BACKED, shaped like a perch's back; PER'CIFORM, percoid; PER'CINE, -perciform; PER'COID, like the perch: pertaining to the perch family. [Fr. -_perche_--L. _perca_--Gr. _perk[=e]_, a perch, prob. conn. with _perknos_, -spotted.] - -PERCH, p[.e]rch, _n._ a rod on which birds roost: any high seat or -position: a measure=5-1/2 yards: a square measure=30-1/4 square yards: a -pole joining the fore and hind gear of a spring carriage: a frame on which -cloth is examined for flaws.--_v.i._ to sit or roost on a perch: to -settle.--_v.t._ to place, as on a perch.--_ns._ PERCH'ER, a bird that -perches on trees; PERCH'ING, the examination of cloth stretched on a frame -for burs, knots, or holes--also called _Burling_.--_adj._ -insessorial.--_ns._ PERCH'-PLATE, a plate or block above or below a -carriage-reach, at the king-bolt; PERCH'-POLE, an acrobat's climbing-pole; -PERCH'-STAY, one of the side-rods bracing the perch to the hind-axle. [Fr. -_perche_--L. _pertica_, a rod.] - -PERCHANCE, per-chans', _adv._ by chance: perhaps. - -PERCHERON, per-she-rong', _n._ a horse of the Percheron breed, large strong -draught-horses, usually dapple-gray--also _Norman_ and _Norman -Percheron_.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing. [Fr.,--_Perche_, in -southern Normandy.] - -PERCHLORIC, per-kl[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to an acid, a syrupy liquid -obtained by decomposing potassium perchlorate by means of sulphuric -acid.--_n._ PERCHL[=O]'RATE, a salt of perchloric acid. - -PERCIPIENT, per-sip'i-ent, _adj._ perceiving: having the faculty of -perception.--_n._ one who perceives or who has the power of -perceiving.--_ns._ PERCIP'IENCE, PERCIP'IENCY. - -PERCLOSE, per-kl[=o]z', _n._ an enclosed place: (_archit._) a railing -separating a tomb or chapel from the rest of the church: (_her._) the lower -half of a garter with the buckle.--Also PAR'ACLOSE, PARCLOSE'. [O. Fr.,--L. -_prae_, in front, _claud[)e]re_, _clausum_, to shut.] - -PERCOCT, per-kokt', _adj._ well-cooked. [L. _percoctus_, _percoqu[)e]re_, -to cook thoroughly.] - -PERCOID, per'koid. See PERCH (1). - -PERCOLATE, p[.e]r'k[=o]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to strain through pores or small -openings, as a liquid: to filter.--_v.i._ to pass or ooze through very -small openings: to filter.--_n._ a filtered liquid.--_ns._ PERCOL[=A]'TION, -act of filtering; PER'COLATOR, a filtering vessel. [L. -_percol[=a]re_,_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _col[=a]re_, to strain.] - -PERCURRENT, per-kur'ent, _adj._ running through the whole length.--_adj._ -PERCUR'SORY, running over slightly or in haste (same as _Cursory_). [L. -_percurrens_, pr.p. of _percurr[)e]re_, _percursum_, to run through.] - -PERCUSS, per-kus', _v.t._ to strike so as to shake: to tap for purposes of -diagnosis.--_adj._ PERCUS'SANT (_her._), bent round and striking the side, -as a lion's tail--also PERCUSSED'. - -PERCUSSION, per-kush'un, _n._ the forcible striking of one body against -another: collision, or the shock produced by it: impression of sound on the -ear: (_med._) the tapping upon the body to find the condition of an -internal organ by the sounds: in the jargon of palmistry, the outer side of -the hand.--_adjs._ PERCUSS'IONAL, PERCUSS'IVE.--_ns._ PERCUSS'ION-BULL'ET, -a bullet so formed as to explode on striking something: an explosive -bullet; PERCUS'SION-CAP, a cap of copper partly filled with a substance -which explodes when struck, formerly used for firing rifles, &c.; -PERCUS'SION-FUSE, a fuse in a projectile set in action by concussion when -the projectile strikes the object; PERCUS'SION-HAMM'ER, a small hammer for -percussion in diagnosis; PERCUS'SION-LOCK, a kind of lock for a gun in -which a hammer strikes upon a percussion-cap on the nipple, igniting the -charge; PERCUS'SION-POW'DER, powder which explodes on being struck, called -also _fulminating powder_.--_adv._ PERCUSS'IVELY.--_ns._ PERCUSS'OR; -PERCUTEUR', an instrument for light percussion in neuralgia, &c.--_adj._ -PERC[=U]'TIENT, striking or having power to strike.--_n._ that which -strikes or has power to strike. [L. _percussion-em_--_percut[)e]re_, -_percussum_--_per_, thoroughly, _quat[)e]re_, to shake.] - -PERCUTANEOUS, per-k[=u]-t[=a]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ done or applied through or -by means of the skin.--_adv._ PERCUT[=A]'NEOUSLY. [L. _per_, through, -_cutis_, the skin.] - -PERDENDO, per-den'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) dying away.--Also PERDEN'DOSI. -[It.] - -PERDIE, PERDY, p[.e]r'di, _adv._=PARDIEU. - -PERDITION, per-dish'un, _n._ utter loss or ruin: the utter loss of -happiness in a future state.--_n._ PER'DITA, a lost woman.--_adj._ -PERDI'TIONABLE. [Fr.,--L. _perditio_--_perd[)e]re_, _perditum_--_per_, -entirely, _d[)a]re_, to put.] - -PERDU, PERDUE, per-d[=u]', _adj._ lost to view: concealed: being on a -forlorn hope or on a desperate enterprise: reckless.--_n._ (_Shak._) one -lying in concealment or ambush: one on a forlorn hope. [Fr., pa.p. of -_perdre_, to lose--L. _perd[)e]re_, to destroy.] - -PERDUELLION, per-d[=u]-el'i-on, _n._ treason. [L.] - -PERDURABLE, per'd[=u]-ra-bl, _adj._ (_Shak._) very durable, long -continued.--_ns._ PERDURABIL'ITY, PERD[=U]'RANCE, PERDUR[=A]'TION.--_adv._ -PERD[=U]'RABLY (_Shak._), very durably: everlastingly.--_v.i._ PERDURE', to -last for a very long time. [L. _perdur[=a]re_--_per_, through, _dur[=a]re_, -to last.] - -PEREGAL, per'e-gal, _adj._ fully equal.--_n._ equal. - -PEREGRINATE, per'[=e]-gri-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to travel through the country: to -travel about from place to place: to live in a foreign country.--_adj._ -foreign.--_ns._ PEREGRIN[=A]'TION, act of peregrinating or travelling -about; PER'EGRIN[=A]TOR, one who travels about.--_adj._ PER'EGRINE, -foreign, not native: migratory, as a bird.--_n._ a foreigner resident in -any country: a kind of falcon.--_n._ PEREGRIN'ITY, foreignness. [L. -_peregrin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_peregrinus_, foreign.] - -PEREION, pe-r[=i]'on, _n._ the thorax in crustacea:--_pl._ PEREI'A.--_n._ -PEREI'OPOD, one of the true thoracic limbs of a crustacean. [Gr. -_perii[=o]n_, pr.p. of _periienai_, to go about.] - -PERELLE, pe-rel', _n._ Same as PARELLA. - -PEREMPTORY, per'emp-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ preventing debate: authoritative: -dogmatical: final, determinate: fully resolved or determined: that must be -done.--_adv._ PER'EMPTORILY.--_n._ PER'EMPTORINESS. [Fr.,--L. -_peremptorius_--_perim[)e]re_, peremptum--_per_, entirely, _em[)e]re_, to -take.] - -PERENNIAL, pe-ren'i-al, _adj._ lasting through the year: perpetual: never -failing: growing constantly: (_bot._) lasting more than two years: of -insects, living more than one year.--_n._ a plant which lives more than two -years.--_v.i._ PERENN'ATE, to live perennially.--_n._ -PERENN[=A]'TION.--_adv._ PERENN'IALLY. [L. _perennis_--_per_, through, -_annus_, a year.] - -PERENNIBRANCHIATE, pe-ren-i-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having perennial -branchiae or gills.--Also PERENN'IBRANCH. - -PERFECT, p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ done thoroughly or completely: completed: -without blemish, fault, or error: having neither too much nor too little: -entire, very great: in the highest degree: possessing every moral -excellence: completely skilled or acquainted: (_gram._) expressing an act -completed: (_bot._) having both stamens and pistils, hermaphrodite.--_v.t._ -(or per-fekt') to make perfect: to finish: to teach fully, to make fully -skilled in anything.--_ns._ PERFECT[=A]'TION (_rare_); PER'FECTER; -PERFECT'I, a body of Catharists in the 12th and 13th centuries, of very -strict lives; PERFECTIBIL'ITY, quality of being made perfect.--_adj._ -PERFECT'IBLE, that may be made perfect.--_ns._ PERFEC'TION, state of being -perfect: a perfect quality or acquirement: the highest state or degree; -PERFEC'TIONISM (or PERFECTIBIL'ITY), the belief that man in a state of -grace may attain to a relative perfection or a state of living without sin -in this life; PERFEC'TIONIST, one who pretends to be perfect: one who -thinks that moral perfection can be attained in this life: one of the Bible -Communists or Free-lovers, a small American sect founded by J. H. Noyes -(1811-86), which settled at Oneida in 1848, holding that the gospel if -accepted secures freedom from sin.--_adj._ PERFECT'IVE, tending to make -perfect.--_advs._ PERFECT'IVELY, PER'FECTLY, in a perfect manner: -completely: exactly: without fault.--_n._ PER'FECTNESS, state or quality of -being perfect: completeness: perfection: consummate excellence.--PERFECT -INSECT, the imago or completely developed form of an insect; PERFECT METALS -(see METAL); PERFECT NUMBER, a number equal to the sum of all its divisors, -the number itself of course excepted, as 6 = 1 + 2 + 3, 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 -+ 14. [Fr.,--L. _perfectus_, pa.p. of _perfic[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, -_fac[)e]re_, to do.] - -PERFERVID, per-fer'vid, _adj._ very fervid: very hot or eager.--_n._ -PERFER'VIDNESS.--PERFERVIDUM INGENIUM, a very ardent disposition. [L. -_perfervidus_, _praefervidus_--_prae_, before, _fervidus_, fervid.] - -PERFICIENT, p[.e]r-fish'ent, _adj._ effectual.--_n._ one who does a lasting -work, esp. who endows a charity. - -PERFIDIOUS, per-fid'i-us, _adj._ faithless: unfaithful: basely violating -trust: treacherous.--_adv._ PERFID'IOUSLY.--_ns._ PERFID'IOUSNESS, -PER'FIDY, treachery. [L. _perfidiosus_--_perfidia_, faithlessness.] - -PERFOLIATE, -D, per-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) having the stem as -it were passing through the blade--of a leaf: having the leaf round the -stem at the base: (_zool._) surrounded by a circle of hairs, &c., taxicorn. -[L. _per_, through, _folium_, a leaf.] - -PERFORATE, p[.e]r'f[=o]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to bore through: to pierce: to make -a hole through.--_adj._ PER'FORABLE, capable of being perforated.--_n._ -PER'FORANS, the long flexor muscle of the toes, or the deep flexor muscle -of the fingers.--_adjs._ PER'FORANT, perforating; PER'FORATE, -D (_bot._), -pierced with holes: having transparent dots, as the leaves of certain -flowers.--_n._ PERFOR[=A]'TION, act of boring through: a hole through or -into anything.--_adj._ PER'FOR[=A]TIVE, having power to pierce.--_ns._ -PER'FOR[=A]TOR, one who bores, or an instrument for boring; PER'FOR[=A]TUS, -the short flexor of the toes, or the superficial flexor of the fingers. [L. -_perfor[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _for[=a]re_, to bore.] - -PERFORCE, per-f[=o]rs', _adv._ by force: of necessity. - -PERFORM, per-form', _v.t._ to do thoroughly: to carry out: to achieve: to -act, as on the stage.--_v.i._ to do: to act a part: to play, as on a -musical instrument.--_adj._ PERFOR'MABLE, capable of being performed: -practicable.--_ns._ PERFOR'MANCE, act of performing: a carrying out of -something: something done, esp. of a public character: a piece of work: an -exhibition in a theatre or a place of amusement: an act or action; -PERFOR'MER, one who performs, esp. one who makes a public exhibition of his -skill: an actor, an actress, &c.--_adj._ PERFOR'MING, doing: trained to -perform tricks. [O. Fr. _parfournir_, _par_--L. _per_, through, _fournir_, -to furnish.] - -PERFUME, p[.e]r'f[=u]m, or p[.e]r-f[=u]m', _n._ sweet-smelling smoke: sweet -scent: anything which yields a sweet odour.--_v.t._ (p[.e]r-f[=u]m') to -fill with a pleasant odour: to scent.--_adj._ PERF[=U]'MATORY, yielding -perfume.--_ns._ PER'FUME-FOUN'TAIN, a small appliance for throwing a jet or -spray of perfume; PERF[=U]'MER, one who or that which perfumes: one who -makes or sells perfumes; PERF[=U]'MERY, perfumes in general: the art of -preparing perfumes; PER'FUME-SET, a set of articles for the -toilet-table.--_adj._ PER'F[=U]MY. [Fr. _parfum_--L. _per_, through, -_fumus_, smoke.] - -PERFUNCTORY, per-fungk't[=o]-ri, _adj._ done merely as a duty to be passed -over: performed carelessly or without interest: negligent: slight.--_adv._ -PERFUNC'TORILY, in a careless, half-hearted manner: without zeal or -interest.--_n._ PERFUNC'TORINESS, careless performance: half-heartedness. -[L. _perfunctorius_--_perfunctus_, pa.p. of _perfungi_, to execute--_per_, -thoroughly, _fungi_, to do.] - -PERFUSE, per-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to pour through or over.--_n._ -PERF[=U]'SION.--_adj._ PERF[=U]'SIVE, sprinkling, or tending to sprinkle. -[L. _perfusus_, poured over--_per_, through, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.] - -PERGAMENEOUS, per-ga-m[=e]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ thin and parchment-like in -texture.--_adj._ PERGAMENT[=A]'CEOUS, parchment-like. [L. _pergamena_, -parchment.] - -PERGOLA, per'g[=o]-la, _n._ an arbour, a balcony.--Also PER'GULA. [It.,--L. -_pergula_, a shed.] - -PERGUNNAH, p[.e]r-gun'a, _n._ a sub-division of a zillah or district in -India.--Also PARGAN'A. [Hind.] - -PERHAPS, per-haps', _adv._ it may be: possibly. - -PERI, p[=e]'ri, _n._ in Persian mythology, a female elf or fairy, -represented as descended from the fallen angels. [Fr. _p['e]ri_--Pers. -_par[=i]_, a fairy.] - -PERIAGUA, per-i-[:a]'gw[:a], _n._ a canoe hollowed out of a single trunk, a -dug-out: a vessel made by cutting a canoe in two lengthwise and inserting a -large plank: a large keelless flat-bottomed boat for shoal-water -navigation, decked at the ends only, propelled by rowing, or by sails on -two masts capable of being struck.--Also PIROGUE'. [Sp. _piragua_.] - -PERIAKTOS, per-i-ak'tos, _n._ in the ancient Greek theatre a tall -prism-shaped frame or screen at the side entrances, each carrying three -scenes changed by turning the frames. [Gr.] - -PERIANTH, per'i-anth, _n._ the floral envelope where the calyx and corolla -are not easily distinguished. [Gr. _peri_, around, _anthos_, a flower.] - -PERIAPT, per'i-apt, _n._ (_Shak._) an amulet. [Gr. _periapton_, something -hung round, _peri_, about, _aptos_--_aptein_, to fasten.] - -PERIAXIAL, per-i-ak'si-al, _adj._ surrounding an axis. - -PERIBLAST, per'i-blast, _n._ the protoplasm about the nucleus of a -cell.--_adj._ PERIBLAST'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about, _blastos_, a germ.] - -PERIBOLOS, pe-rib'o-los, _n._ a court enclosed by a wall, esp. one -containing a temple or a church, the whole outer enclosure of sanctuary or -refuge. [Gr. _peribolos_, encircling--_peri_, around, _ballein_, to throw.] - -PERICARDIUM, per-i-k[:a]r'di-um, _n._ (_anat._) the bag or sac composed of -two layers which surrounds the heart.--_adjs._ PERICAR'DIAC, PERICAR'DIAL, -PERICAR'DIAN.--_n._ PERICARD[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the pericardium. -[Late L.,--Gr. _perikardion_--_peri_, around, _kardia_, heart.] - -PERICARP, per'i-k[:a]rp, _n._ (_bot._) the covering, shell, or rind of -fruits: a seed-vessel.--_adj._ PERICARP'IAL. [Gr. _perikarpion_--_peri_, -around, _karpos_, fruit.] - -PERICENTRAL, per-i-sen'tral, _adj._ surrounding a central body.--_adj._ -PERICEN'TRIC. - -PERICHONDRIUM, per-i-kon'dri-um, _n._ the fibrous investment of cartilage. -[Gr. _peri_, about, _chondros_, cartilage.] - -PERICLASE, per'i-kl[=a]z, _n._ a rare mineral consisting of magnesia with a -little iron protoxide. [Gr. _peri_, about, _klasis_, fracture.] - -PERICLEAN, per-i-kl[=e]'an, _adj._ of _Pericles_ (died 429 B.C.) or the -golden age of art and letters at Athens. - -PERICOPE, p[=e]-rik'[=o]-p[=e], _n._ an extract, esp. the selections from -the epistles and gospels for the Sundays of the year. [Gr. _peri_, around, -_koptein_, to cut.] - -PERICRANIUM, per-i-kr[=a]'ni-um, _n._ (_anat._) the membrane that surrounds -the cranium.--_adj._ PERICR[=A]'NIAL.--_n._ PER'ICR[=A]NY (_obs._), the -skull. [Late L.,--Gr. _perikranion_--_peri_, around, _kranion_, the skull.] - -PERICULUM, p[=e]-rik'[=u]-lum, _n._ (_Scots law_) a risk:--_pl._ PERIC'ULA. -[L.] - -PERICYSTITIS, per-i-sis-t[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation around the bladder. -[Gr. _peri_, around, _kystis_, the bladder.] - -PERIDENTAL, per-i-den'tal, _adj._ surrounding the teeth. - -PERIDERM, per'i-derm, _n._ the hard integument of some tubularian -hydromedusans: (_bot._) the outer bark.--_adj._ PER'IDERMAL. [Gr. _peri_, -about, _derma_, skin.] - -PERIDESMIUM, per-i-des'mi-um, _n._ (_anat._) the areolar tissue round a -ligament. [Gr. _peri_, around, _desmos_, a band.] - -PERIDIUM, p[=e]-rid'i-um, _n._ the outer coat of a sporophore in -angiocarpous fungi.--_adj._ PERID'IAL.--_n._ PERID[=I]'OLUM (_bot._), an -inner peridium inside of which the hymenium is formed. [Gr. _p[=e]ridion_, -dim. of _p[=e]ra_, a wallet.] - -PERIDOTITE, per'i-d[=o]-t[=i]t, _n._ rock mainly composed of olivine.--_n._ -PER'IDOT, chrysolite.--_adj._ PERIDOT'IC. - -PERIDROME, per'i-dr[=o]m, _n._ the space between the inner cell or chamber -and the surrounding pillars in an ancient temple. [Gr. _peridromos_, -running round--_peri_, around, _dromos_, a race.] - -PERIEGESIS, per-i-[=e]-j[=e]'sis, _n._ a progress or journey through. [Gr.] - -PERIENTERON, per-i-en'te-ron, _n._ the primitive perivisceral -cavity.--_adj._ PERIENTER'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about, _enteron_, an intestine.] - -PERIFIBRUM, per-i-f[=i]'brum, _n._ the membraneous covering of the spicules -and fibre of sponges. - -PERIGANGLIONIC, per-i-gang-gli-on'ik, _adj._ surrounding a ganglion. - -PERIGASTRIC, per-i-gas'trik, _adj._ surrounding the alimentary canal. - -PERIGEE, per'i-j[=e], _n._ (_astron._) the point of the moon's orbit at -which it is nearest the earth--opp. to _Apogee_.--_adjs._ PERIG[=E]'AL, -PERIG[=E]'AN. [Gr. _peri_, near, _g[=e]_, the earth.] - -PERIGENESIS, per-i-jen'e-sis, _n._ wave-generation, the dynamic theory of -reproduction by a kind of wave-motion of plastidules. - -PERIGLOTTIS, per-i-glot'is, _n._ the epidermis of the tongue.--_adj._ -PERIGLOTT'IC. - -PERIGONE, per'i-g[=o]n, _n._ (_bot._) the same as PERIANTH--also -PERIG[=O]'NIUM.--_adj._ PERIG[=O]'NIAL. [Gr. _peri_, about, _gon[=e]_, -seed.] - -PERIGRAPH, per'i-graf, _n._ an inaccurate delineation of anything.--_adj._ -PERIGRAPH'IC. - -PERIGYNOUS, per-ij'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) denoting flowers which have the -petals and stamens growing on the calyx, or around the pistil.--_n._ -PERIGYN'IUM. [Gr. _peri_, about, _gyn[=e]_, a female.] - -PERIHELION, per-i-h[=e]'li-on, _n._ the point of the orbit of a planet or a -comet at which it is nearest to the sun--opp. to _Aphelion_.--Also -PERIH[=E]'LIUM. [Gr. _peri_, near, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.] - -PERIHEPATIC, per-i-h[=e]-pat'ik, _adj._ surrounding the liver. - -PERIL, per'il, _n._ danger: a source of danger: exposure to danger.--_v.t._ -to expose to danger:--_pr.p._ per'illing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -per'illed.--_adj._ PER'ILOUS, full of peril: dangerous.--_adv._ -PER'ILOUSLY.--_n._ PER'ILOUSNESS. [Fr. _p['e]ril_--L. _periculum_.] - -PERILYMPH, per'i-limf, _n._ the fluid which surrounds the membraneous -labyrinth of the ear. - -PERIMETER, p[=e]-rim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ (_geom._) the circuit or boundary of -any plane figure, or the sum of all its sides: an instrument for measuring -the area over which a person can see distinctly.--_adjs._ PERIMET'RIC, -AL, -pertaining to the perimeter.--_n._ PERIM'ETRY, the act of making -perimetrical measurements. [Gr. _perimetros_--_peri_, around, _metron_, -measure.] - -PERIMORPH, per'i-morf, _n._ a mineral enclosing another.--_adjs._ -PERIMOR'PHIC, PERIMOR'PHOUS. - -PERINEUM, PERINAEUM, per-i-n[=e]'um, _n._ the lower part of the body -between the genital organs and the rectum.--_adj._ PERIN[=E]'AL. [L.,--Gr.] - -PERIOD, p[=e]'ri-ud, _n._ the time in which anything is performed: -(_astron._) the time occupied by one of the heavenly bodies in making its -revolution: a stated interval of time, at the end of which certain events -begin again to go through the same course as before: a series of events: a -series of years: length of duration: the time at which anything ends: -conclusion: (_gram._) a mark at the end of a sentence: (_rhet._) a complete -sentence.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to put an end to.--_adjs._ PERIOD'IC, -AL, -pertaining to a period: happening by revolution: occurring at regular -intervals: pertaining to periodicals.--_ns._ PERIOD'ICAL, a magazine or -other publication which appears in parts at regular periods; -PERIOD'ICALIST, one who writes in a periodical.--_adv._ -PERIOD'ICALLY.--_n._ PERIODIC'ITY, state of being periodic: tendency to -happen over again at regular intervals of time.--PERIODICAL LITERATURE, -literature published in magazines, &c.; PERIODIC FUNCTION, one whose -operation being iterated a certain number of times restores the variable: a -function having a period; PERIODIC INEQUALITY, a disturbance in the motion -of a planet due to its position in its orbit relatively to another planet; -PERIODIC LAW (_chem._), a relation of elements according to their atomic -weights. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _periodos_--_peri_, around, _hodos_, a way.] - -PERIOPHTHALMUS, per-i-of-thal'mus, _n._ a genus of acanthopterous fishes, -allied to gobies, with protruding mobile eyes, pectoral fins that can be -used as legs. - -PERIORBITAL, per-i-or'bi-tal, _adj._ pertaining to the orbit of the eye. - -PERIOSTEUM, per-i-os't[=e]-um, _n._ a tough fibrous membrane which forms -the outer coating of bones.--_adjs._ PERIOS'T[=E]AL, PERIOS'T[=E]OUS; -PERIOSTIT'IC.--_n._ PERIOST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the periosteum. [Gr. -_periosteon_--_peri_, around, _osteon_, a bone.] - -PERIOTIC, per-i-[=o]'tik, _adj._ surrounding the inner ear.--_n._ a -periotic bone. [Gr. _peri_, about, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, the ear.] - -PERIPATETIC, -AL, per-i-pa-tet'ik, -al, _adj._ walking about: of or -pertaining to the philosophy of Aristotle, who taught while walking up and -down in the Lyceum at Athens.--_n._ PERIPATET'IC, an adherent of the -philosophy of Aristotle: one accustomed or obliged to walk: (_pl._) -instruction by lectures.--_n._ PERIPATET'ICISM, the philosophy of -Aristotle. [Gr. _peripat[=e]tikos_--_peri_, about, _patein_, to walk.] - -PERIPATUS, pe-rip'[=a]-tus, _n._ a genus of myriapods. - -PERIPETIA, per-i-pe-t[=i]'a, _n._ the d['e]nouement of a drama. - -PERIPHERY, pe-rif'[.e]r-i, _n._ (_geom._) the circumference of a circle or -of any closed figure: the outside of anything generally.--_adjs._ -PERIPH'ERAL, PERIPHER'IC, -AL. [L.--Gr. _peri_, around, _pherein_, to -carry.] - -PERIPHRACTIC, per-i-frak'tik, _adj._ enclosed around. [Gr. _peri_, about, -_phrassein_, to enclose.] - -PERIPHRASE, per'i-fr[=a]z, _n._ a round-about way of speaking: the use of -more words than are necessary to express an idea: (_rhet._) a figure -employed to avoid a trite expression--also PERIPH'RASIS.--_v.t._ or _v.i._ -to use circumlocution.--_adjs._ PERIPHRAS'TIC, -AL, containing or expressed -by periphrasis or circumlocution.--_adv._ PERIPHRAS'TICALLY. [L.,--Gr. -_periphrasis_--_peri_, about, _phrasis_, a speaking.] - -PERIPLAST, per'i-plast, _n._ the intercellular substance of an organ or -tissue of the body.--_adj._ PERIPLAST'IC. - -PERIPLUS, per'i-plus, _n._ a circumnavigation. [Gr. _peri_, around, -_ploos_, _plous_, a voyage.] - -PERIPTERY, pe-rip't[.e]r-i, _n._ (_archit._) a building surrounded by a -wing or row of columns.--_adjs._ PERIP'TERAL, having a periptery or range -of columns all round, said of a temple, &c.; PERIP'TEROUS, feathered on all -sides: peripteral. [Gr. _peripteros_--_peri_, about, _pteron_, a wing.] - -PERIRHINAL, per-i-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ surrounding the nose. - -PERISCII, pe-rish'i-[=i], _n.pl._ the people within the polar circle, -because their shadows, on some days in summer, move round in a complete -circle, owing to the fact that on those days the sun does not set.--_adj._ -PERIS'CIAN. [Gr. _periskios_, throwing a shadow all round; _peri_, around, -_skia_, a shadow.] - -PERISCOPE, per'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument like the altiscope, used in -directing submarine boats.--_adj._ PERISCOP'IC. [Gr. _peri_, about, -_skopein_, to see.] - -PERISH, per'ish, _v.i._ to pass away completely: to waste away: to decay: -to lose life: to be destroyed: to be ruined or lost.--_ns._ PERISHABIL'ITY, -PER'ISHABLENESS, the quality of being liable to speedy decay or -destruction.--_adj._ PER'ISHABLE, that may perish: subject to speedy -decay.--_adv._ PER'ISHABLY.--_v.i._ PER'ISHEN (_Spens._), to perish. [O. -Fr. _perir_, pr.p. _perissant_--L. _per[=i]re_, to perish--_per_, -completely, _[=i]re_, to go.] - -PERISPERM, per'i-sp[.e]rm, _n._ (_bot._) that which is round a seed, the -albumen.--_adj._ PERISPER'MIC. [Gr. _peri_, around, _sperma_, seed.] - -PERISPHERIC, -AL, per-i-sfer'ik, -al, _adj._ globular. - -PERISPORE, per'i-sp[=o]r, _n._ the outer covering of a spore. - -PERISSAD, pe-ris'ad, _n._ (_chem._) an atom whose valency is represented by -an odd number--opp. to _Artiad_--also _adj._ [Gr. _perissos_, beyond the -regular number.] - -PERISSODACTYLA, pe-ris-[=o]-dak'ti-la, _n._ one of the two divisions of the -great mammalian order Ungulata, including the horse, tapir, and rhinoceros, -distinguished by the third digit of each limb being symmetrical in itself, -by the presence of an odd number of digits on the hind-foot, &c.--opp. to -_Artiodactyla_.--_adjs._ PERISSODAC'TYL, PERISSODAC'TYLATE, -PERISSODACTYL'IC, PERISSODAC'TYLOUS. [Gr. _perissos_, beyond the regular -number, _daktylos_, a finger.] - -PERISSOLOGY, per-i-sol'[=o]-ji, _n._ verbiage.--_adj._ PERISSOLOG'ICAL, -redundant in words. - -PERISSOSYLLABIC, pe-ris-o-si-lab'ik, _adj._ having superfluous syllables. - -PERISTALITH, pe-ris'ta-lith, _n._ a series of standing stones surrounding a -barrow or burial-mound. [Gr. _peri_, around, _histanai_, to stand, -_lithos_, a stone.] - -PERISTALTIC, per-i-stalt'ik, _adj._ noting the involuntary muscular action -of the alimentary canal, by which it forces its contents onwards.--_n._ -PERISTAL'SIS. [Gr. _peristaltikos_--_peristellein_, to wrap round--_peri_, -around, _stellein_, to place.] - -PERISTEROPOD, p[=e]-ris'te-r[=o]-pod, _adj._ pigeon-toed--also _n._ [Gr. -_peristera_, a pigeon, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.] - -PERISTOME, per'i-st[=o]m, _n._ the mouth-parts of echinoderms, &c.: the -fringe of hair-like appendages round the rim of the capsule of a moss. - -PERISTYLE, per'i-st[=i]l, _n._ a range of columns round a building or round -a square: a court, square, &c., with columns all round.--_adj._ -PERISTY'LAR. [L. _peristylium_--Gr. _peristylon_, with pillars round the -wall--_peri_, around, _stylos_, a column.] - -PERITHORACIC, per-i-th[=o]-ras'ik, _adj._ around the thorax. - -PERITOMOUS, pe-rit'[=o]-mus, _adj._ (_min._) cleaving in more directions -than one parallel to the axis, the faces being all similar. [Gr. _peri_, -round, _temnein_, to cut.] - -PERITONEUM, PERITONAEUM, per-i-t[=o]-n[=e]'um, _n._ a serous membrane which -encloses all the viscera lying in the abdominal and pelvic -cavities.--_adjs._ PERITON[=E]'AL; PERITONIT'IC.--_n._ PERITON[=I]'TIS, -inflammation of the peritoneum. [Gr. _peritoneion_--_peri_, around, -_teinein_, to stretch.] - -PERITYPHLITIS, per-i-tif-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the caecum, -appendix, and connective tissue, or of the peritoneum covering caecum and -appendix. [Gr. _peri_, round, _typhlos_, blind (the caecum being the 'blind -gut').] - -PERIVASCULAR, per-i-vas'k[=u]-lar, _adj._ surrounding a vascular structure. - -PERIVISCERAL, per-i-vis'e-ral, _adj._ surrounding viscera. - -PERIWIG, per'i-wig, _n._ a peruke or small wig, usually shortened to _Wig_: -an artificial head of hair.--_v.t._ to dress with a periwig.--_adj._ -PER'IWIG-P[=A]'TED, wearing a periwig. [Old Dut. _peruyk_--Fr. _perruque_.] - -PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a creeping evergreen plant, growing in -woods. [M. E. _peruenke_, through A.S. _peruincae_, from L. _pervinca_, -_vinc[=i]re_, to bind.] - -PERIWINKLE, per'i-wingk-l, _n._ a small univalve mollusc: a small -shellfish, abundant between tide-marks on the rocks, boiled and eaten as -food. [Corrupted by confusion with preceding from A.S. -_pinewincla_--_wincle_, a whelk; prov. Eng. _pin-patch_.] - -PERJURE, p[.e]r'j[=oo]r, _v.t._ to swear falsely (followed by a reciprocal -pronoun): to cause to swear falsely.--_v.i._ to be false to one's -oath.--_n._ (_Shak._) a perjured person.--_adj._ PER'JURED, having sworn -falsely: being sworn falsely, as an oath.--_n._ PER'JURER.--_adjs._ -PERJU'RIOUS, PER'JUROUS, guilty of perjury.--_n._ PER'JURY, false swearing: -the breaking of an oath: (_law_) the crime committed by one who, when -giving evidence on oath as a witness in a court of justice, gives evidence -which he knows to be false. [Fr.,--L. _perjur[=a]re_--_per-_, _jur[=a]re_, -to swear.] - -PERK, p[.e]rk, _adj._ trim: spruce: jaunty: proud.--_v.t._ to make smart or -trim.--_v.i._ to hold up the head with smartness: to toss or jerk the -head.--_adj._ PERK'Y (_Tenn._), perk, trim. [W. _perc_, trim.] - -PERK, p[.e]rk, _v.i._ (_prov._) to peer.--_adj._ PERK'ING, peering, -inquisitive. - -PERKIN, per'kin, _n._ weak perry. - -PERLACEOUS=_Pearlaceous_. See PEARL. - -PERLITE, p[.e]r'l[=i]t, _n._ the name given to some vitreous rocks, as -obsidian, which seem as if made up of little pearly or enamel-like -spheroids.--_adj._ PERLIT'IC. - -PERLOUS, p[.e]rl'us, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as PERILOUS. - -PERLUSTRATE, per-lus'tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to survey carefully.--_n._ -PERLUSTR[=A]'TION. [L. _perlustr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_.] - -PERMANENT, p[.e]r'ma-nent, _adj._ lasting: durable: not subject to change: -not to be removed: (_zool._) always present.--_ns._ PER'MANENCE, -PER'MANENCY, state or quality of being permanent: continuance in the same -state, position, &c.: unlikelihood of change: duration.--_adv._ -PER'MANENTLY.--PERMANENT WAY, the finished road of a railway. [Fr.,--L. -_perman[=e]re_--_per_, through, _man[=e]re_, to continue.] - -PERMANGANATE, per-man'gan-[=a]t, _n._ a salt containing manganese.--_adj._ -PERMANGAN'IC. - -PERMEATE, p[.e]r'm[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to pass through the pores of: to -penetrate and fill the pores of.--_n._ PERM[=E]ABIL'ITY.--_adj._ -PER'M[=E]ABLE, that may be permeated or passed through: allowing the -passage of liquids.--_adv._ PER'M[=E]ABLY.--_n._ PERM[=E][=A]'TION, act of -permeating, or state of being permeated.--_adj._ PERM[=E][=A]'TIVE. [L. -_permeatus_--_per_, through, _me[=a]re_, to pass.] - -PERMIAN, per'mi-an, _n._ a group of strata forming the uppermost division -of the Palezoic series. - -PERMISCIBLE, per-mis'i-bl, _adj._ capable of being mixed. - -PERMIT, per-mit', _v.t._ to give leave to: to allow to be or to be done: to -afford means: to give opportunity:--_pr.p._ permit'ting; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ permit'ted.--_n._ (per'mit) a written permission, esp. from a -custom-house officer to remove goods.--_n._ PERMISSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ -PERMISS'IBLE, that may be permitted: allowable.--_adv._ PERMISS'IBLY.--_n._ -PERMIS'SION, act of permitting: liberty granted: allowance.--_adj._ -PERMISS'IVE, granting permission or liberty: allowing: granted: not -hindered.--_adv._ PERMISS'IVELY, by permission, without prohibition.--_ns._ -PERMIT'TANCE, permission; PERMITT[=EE]', one to whom permission is granted; -PERMIT'TER, one who permits.--PERMISSIVE BILL, a measure embodying the -principles of local option for the regulation of the liquor traffic; -PERMISSIVE LAWS, laws that permit certain things without enforcing -anything. [L. _permitt[)e]re_, _-missum_, to let pass through--_per_, -through, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] - -PERMUTABLE, per-m[=u]'ta-bl, _adj._ that may be changed one for -another.--_ns._ PERM[=U]'TABLENESS, PERMUTABIL'ITY.--_adv._ -PERM[=U]'TABLY.--_ns._ PERM[=U]'TANT; PERMUT[=A]'TION, act of changing one -thing for another: (_math._) the arrangement of things or letters in every -possible order.--_v.t._ PERMUTE'. [L.,--_permut[=a]re_--_per_, through, -_mut[=a]re_, to change.] - -PERN, p[.e]rn, _n._ a honey-buzzard.--Also PER'NIS. - -PERNICIOUS, per-nish'us, _adj._ killing utterly: hurtful: destructive: -highly injurious.--_adv._ PERNI'CIOUSLY.--_n._ PERNI'CIOUSNESS. [Fr.,--L. -_perniciosus_--_per_, completely, _nex_, _necis_, death by violence.] - -PERNICKETY, per-nik'e-ti, _adj._ easily troubled about trifles: (_coll._) -fastidious.--_n._ PERNICK'ETINESS. - -PERNOCTATION, p[.e]r-nok-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of passing the whole night, -esp. in prayer or watching: a watch all night. [L. _per_, through, _nox_, -_noctis_, night.] - -PERONE, per'[=o]-n[=e], _n._ the fibula or small bone of the leg.--_adjs._ -PER[=O]N[=E]'AL; PER[=O]N[=E][=O]TIB'IAL, pertaining to the perone and the -tibia.--_n._ a muscle from the fibula to the tibia in some marsupials: an -anomalous muscle in man, constant in apes, between the inner side of the -head of the fibula and the tibia.--_n._ PERON[=E]'US, one of several -fibular muscles. [Fr.,--Gr. _peron[=e]_, the tongue of a buckle.] - -PEROPOD, p[=e]'r[=o]-pod, _adj._ having rudimentary hind limbs, as -serpents--also _n._ [Gr. _p[=e]ros_, maimed, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.] - -PERORATION, per-[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the conclusion of a speech, usually -summing up the points and enforcing the argument.--_v.i._ PER'ORATE, to -make a peroration: (_coll._) to make a speech. [Fr.,--L. -_peroratio_--_peror[=a]re_, to bring a speech to an end--_per_, through, -_or[=a]re_, to speak--_os_, _oris_, the mouth.] - -PEROXIDE, per-ox'[=i]d, _n._ an oxide having a larger proportion of oxygen -than any other oxide of the same series.--_n._ PEROXID[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ -and _v.i._ PEROX'IDISE. - -PERPEND, per-pend', _v.t._ to weigh in the mind, to consider carefully. [L. -_perpend[)e]re_--_per_, inten., _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.] - -PERPEND, per'pend, _n._ in building, a bond-stone or bonder.--Also -PER'PEND-STONE, PER'PENT-STONE. [O. Fr. _parpaigne_, Fr. _parpaing_.] - -PERPENDICULAR, p[.e]r-pen-dik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ exactly upright: extending -in a straight line toward the centre of the earth: (_geom._) at right -angles to a given line or surface.--_n._ a perpendicular line or -plane.--_n._ PERPENDICULAR'ITY, state of being perpendicular.--_adv._ -PERPENDIC'ULARLY.--PERPENDICULAR STYLE, a style of Gothic architecture in -England which succeeded the Decorated style, prevailing from the end of the -14th to the middle of the 16th century, contemporary with the Flamboyant -style in France, marked by stiff and rectilinear lines, mostly vertical -window-tracery, depressed or four-centre arch, fan-tracery vaulting, and -panelled walls. [Fr.,--L. _perpendicularis_--_perpendiculum_, a -plumb-line--_per_, through, _pend[)e]re_, to weigh.] - -PERPETRATE, p[.e]r'p[=e]-tr[=a]t, _v.t._ to perform or commit (usually in a -bad sense): to produce (as a poor pun).--_adj._ PER'PETRABLE.--_ns._ -PERPETR[=A]'TION, act of committing a crime: the thing perpetrated: an evil -action; PER'PETR[=A]TOR. [L. _perpetr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_per_, -thoroughly, _patr[=a]re_, to perform.] - -PERPETUAL, per-pet'[=u]-al, _adj._ never ceasing: everlasting: not -temporary.--_adv._ PERPET'UALLY.--PERPETUAL CURATE, a curate of a parish -where there was neither rector nor vicar, the tithes being in the hands of -a layman--abolished in 1868, every incumbent not a rector now being a -vicar; PERPETUAL MOTION, motion of a machine arising from forces within -itself, constantly kept up without any force from without; PERPETUAL SCREW, -an endless screw. [Fr. _perp['e]tuel_--L. _perpetuus_, continuous.] - -PERPETUATE, per-pet'[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make perpetual: to cause to last -for ever or for a very long time: to preserve from extinction or -oblivion.--_adj._ PERPET'[=U]ABLE, capable of being perpetuated.--_n._ -PERPET'UANCE, the act of making perpetual.--_adjs._ PERPET'U[=A]TE, -D, -made perpetual: continued for an indefinite time.--_n._ PERPETU[=A]'TION, -act of perpetuating or preserving from oblivion: preservation for ever, or -for a very long time; PERPET[=U]'ITY, state of being perpetual: endless -time: duration for an indefinite period: something lasting for ever: the -sum paid for a perpetual annuity: the annuity itself. - -PERPLEX, per-pleks', _v.t._ to make difficult to be understood: to -embarrass: to puzzle: to tease with suspense or doubt.--_n._ (_obs._) a -difficulty.--_adv._ PERPLEX'EDLY.--_n._ PERPLEX'EDNESS.--_adj._ -PERPLEX'ING.--_adv._ PERPLEX'INGLY.--_n._ PERPLEX'ITY, state of being -perplexed: confusion of mind arising from doubt, &c.: intricacy: -embarrassment: doubt. [Fr.,--L. _perplexus_, entangled--_per_, completely, -_plexus_, involved, pa.p. of _plect[)e]re_.] - -PERQUISITE, p[.e]r'kwi-zit, _n._ an allowance granted over and above the -settled wages: a fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific -service.--_ns._ PERQUISI'TION, a strict search: diligent inquiry; -PERQUIS'ITOR, the first purchaser of an estate. [L. _perquisitum_, from -_perquir[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _quaer[)e]re_, to ask.] - -PERRADIAL, p[.e]r-r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ fundamentally radial.--_n._ -PERR[=A]'DIUS. - -PERRIER, per'i-[.e]r, _n._ a machine for hurling stones. - -PERRON, per'on, _n._ an external flight of steps giving access to the -entrance-door of a building. - -PERRUQUE, PERRUQUIER. See PERUKE. - -PERRY, per'i, _n._ an agreeable beverage made by fermenting the juice of -pears. [Fr. _poir['e]_, from _poire_, a pear--L. _pirum_.] - -PERSANT, p[.e]rs'ant, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as PERCEANT. - -PERSCRUTATION, per-skr[=oo]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a thorough search through: a -minute inquiry. [L. _per_, through, _scrut[=a]ri_, to search carefully.] - -PERSE, pers, _adj._ dark blue, bluish-gray.--_n._ a dark-blue colour, a -cloth of such colour. [O. Fr. _pers_--L. _persicum_, a peach.] - -PERSECUTE, p[.e]r'se-k[=u]t, _v.t._ to pursue so as to injure or annoy: to -follow after persistently: to annoy or punish, esp. for religious or -political opinions.--_ns._ PERSEC[=U]'TION, act or practice of persecuting: -state of being persecuted: a time of general oppression on account of -religious opinions; PER'SEC[=U]TOR:--_fem._ PER'SEC[=U]TRIX. [Fr.,--L. -_persequi_, _persecutus_--_per_, thoroughly, _sequi_, to follow.] - -PERSEUS, per's[=u]s, _n._ a fabled Greek hero, who slew the Gorgon Medusa, -and rescued Andromeda from a sea-monster: a constellation in the northern -sky. [Gr.] - -PERSEVERE, p[.e]r-s[=e]-v[=e]r', _v.i._ to persist in anything: to pursue -anything steadily: to be constant: not to give over.--_n._ -PERSEV[=E]'RANCE, act or state of persevering: continued application to -anything which one has begun: a going on till success is met with.--_adj._ -PERSEV[=E]'RING.--_adv._ PERSEV[=E]'RINGLY.--PERSEVERANCE OF SAINTS, the -Calvinistic doctrine that those who are effectually called by God cannot -fall away so as to be finally lost. [Fr.,--L. -_persever[=a]re_--_perseverus_, very strict--_per_, very, _severus_, -strict.] - -PERSIAN, p[.e]r'shi-an, _adj._ of, from, or relating to _Persia_, its -inhabitants, or language.--_n._ a native of Persia: the language of Persia: -(_archit._) male figures used instead of columns to support an -entablature--also PER'SIC.--PERSIAN APPLE, the peach; PERSIAN BERRY, the -fruit of several buckthorns; PERSIAN BLINDS (see PERSIENNE); PERSIAN WHEEL, -a large wheel for raising water, fixed vertically with a number of buckets -at its circumference. - -PERSICOT, per'si-kot, _n._ a cordial flavoured with kernels of peaches and -apricots. [Fr.,--L. _persicum_, a peach.] - -PERSIENNE, per-si-en', _n._ an Eastern cambric or muslin with coloured -printed pattern: (_pl._) Persian blinds, outside shutters of thin movable -slats in a frame. - -PERSIFLAGE, p[.e]r'si-fl[:a]zh, _n._ a frivolous way of talking or treating -any subject: banter.--_adj._ PER'SIFLANT, bantering.--_v.i._ PER'SIFL[=A]TE -(_Thackeray_).--_n._ PER'SIFLOUR (_Carlyle_). [Fr.,--_persifler_, to -banter--L. _per_, through, Fr. _siffler_--L. _sibil[=a]re_, to whistle, to -hiss.] - -PERSIMMON, PERSIMON, per-sim'on, _n._ the American date-plum. [Amer. Ind.] - -PERSIST, per-sist', _v.i._ to stand throughout to something begun: to -continue in any course, esp. against opposition: to persevere.--_ns._ -PERSIS'TENCE, PERSIS'TENCY, quality of being persistent: perseverance: -obstinacy: duration, esp. of an effect after the exciting cause has been -removed.--_adj._ PERSIS'TENT, persisting: pushing on, esp. against -opposition: tenacious: fixed: (_bot._) remaining till or after the fruit is -ripe, as a calyx.--_advs._ PERSIS'TENTLY; PERSIS'TINGLY.--_adj._ -PERSIS'TIVE (_Shak._), persistent. [Fr.,--L. _persist[)e]re_--_per_, -through, _sist[)e]re_, to cause to stand--_st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -PERSON, p[.e]r'sun, _n._ character represented, as on the stage: character: -an individual, sometimes used slightingly: a living soul: a human being: -the outward appearance, &c.: bodily form: one of the three hypostases or -individualities in the triune God: (_gram._) a distinction in form, -according as the subject of the verb is the person speaking, spoken to, or -spoken of.--_adj._ PER'SONABLE, having a well-formed body or person: of -good appearance.--_n._ PER'SON[=A]GE, a person: character represented: an -individual of eminence: external appearance.--_adj._ PER'SONAL, belonging -to a person: having the nature or quality of a person: peculiar to a person -or to his private concerns: pertaining to the external appearance: done in -person: relating to one's own self: applied offensively to one's character: -(_gram._) denoting the person.--_n._ PERSONALIS[=A]'TION, -personification.--_v.t._ PER'SONALISE, to make personal.--_ns._ -PER'SONALISM, the character of being personal; PER'SONALIST, one who writes -personal notes; PERSONAL'ITY, that which distinguishes a person from a -thing, or one person from another: individuality: a derogatory remark or -reflection directly applied to a person--esp. in _pl._ -PERSONAL'ITIES.--_adv._ PER'SONALLY, in a personal or direct manner: in -person: individually.--_n._ PER'SONALTY (_law_), all the property which, -when a man dies, goes to his executor or administrator, as distinguished -from the realty, which goes to his heir-at-law.--_v.t._ PER'SON[=A]TE, to -assume the likeness or character of: to represent: to counterfeit: to -feign.--_adj._ (_bot._) mask-like, as in the corollary of the snapdragon: -larval, cucullate.--_adj._ PER'SON[=A]TED, impersonated, feigned, -assumed.--_ns._ PERSON[=A]'TION; PER'SON[=A]TOR.--_n._ -PERSONIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ PER'SONISE, to personify.--_n._ PERSONNEL', the -persons employed in any service, as distinguished from the -materiel.--PERSONAL ESTATE, PROPERTY, movable goods or property, as -distinguished from freehold or real property, esp. in land; PERSONAL -EXCEPTION (_Scots law_), a ground of objection which applies to an -individual and prevents him from doing something which, but for his conduct -or situation, he might do; PERSONAL IDENTITY, the continued sameness of the -individual person, through all changes both without and within, as -testified by consciousness; PERSONAL RIGHTS, rights which belong to the -person as a living, reasonable being; PERSONAL SECURITY, security or pledge -given by a person, as distinguished from the delivery of some object of -value as security; PERSONAL SERVICE, delivery of a message or an order into -a person's hands, as distinguished from delivery in any other indirect way; -PERSONAL TRANSACTION, something done by a person's own effort, not through -the agency of another.--IN PERSON, by one's self, not by a representative. -[Fr.,--L. _pers[=o]na_, a player's mask, perh. from _pers[)o]n[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _son[=a]re_, to sound.] - -PERSONA, p[.e]r-s[=o]'na, _n._ a person.--PERSONA GRATA, a person who is -acceptable to those to whom he is sent.--DRAMATIS PERSONAE, the characters -in a play or story. [L.] - -PERSONIFY, per-son'i-f[=i], _v.t._ (_rhet._) to treat, look on, or describe -as a person: to ascribe to any inanimate object the qualities of a person: -to be the embodiment of:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ person'if[=i]ed.--_n._ -PERSONIFIC[=A]'TION. [L. _persona_, a person, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PERSPECTIVE, per-spek'tiv, _n._ a view or a vista: the art of drawing -objects on a plane surface, so as to give the picture the same appearance -to the eye as the objects themselves: just proportion in all the parts: a -telescope or field-glass: a picture in perspective.--_adj._ pertaining or -according to perspective.--_adv._ PERSPEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ PERSPEC'TOGRAPH, -an instrument for indicating correctly the points and outlines of objects; -PERSPECTOG'RAPHY, the science of perspective, or of delineating -it.--PERSPECTIVE PLANE, the surface on which the picture of the objects to -be represented in perspective is drawn.--IN PERSPECTIVE, according to the -laws of perspective. [Fr.,--L. _perspic[)e]re_, _perspectum_--_per_, -through, _spec[)e]re_, to look.] - -PERSPICACIOUS, p[.e]r-spi-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ of clear or acute -understanding: quick-sighted.--_adv._ PERSPIC[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ -PERSPIC[=A]'CIOUSNESS; PERSPICAC'ITY, state of being acute in discerning: -keenness of sight or of understanding; PERSPIC[=U]'ITY, state of being -perspicacious: clearness in expressing ideas so as to make them easily -understood by others: freedom from obscurity.--_adj._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUS, that -can be seen through: clear to the mind: easily understood: not obscure in -any way: evident.--_adv._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUSLY.--_n._ PERSPIC'[=U]OUSNESS. [L. -_perspicax_, _perspicacis_--_perspic[)e]re_, to see through.] - -PERSPIRE, per-sp[=i]r', _v.i._ and _v.t._ to emit or to be emitted, as -moisture, through the pores of the skin: to sweat.--_n._ -PERSPIRABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PERSP[=I]R'ABLE, capable of being -perspired.--_v.i._ PER'SPIR[=A]TE (_rare_), to sweat.--_n._ -PERSPIR[=A]'TION, act of perspiring: that which is perspired: moisture -given out through the pores of the skin: sweat.--_adj._ PERSP[=I]R'ATORY, -pertaining to or causing perspiration. [L. _perspir[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_per_, through, _spir[=a]re_, to breathe.] - -PERSTRINGE, p[.e]r-strinj', _v.t._ to criticise. - -PERSUADE, per-sw[=a]d', _v.t._ to influence successfully by argument, -advice, &c.: to bring to any particular opinion: to cause to believe: to -convince.--_adj._ PERSUAD'ABLE.--_n._ PERSUAD'ER.--_adj._ PERSU[=A]'SIBLE, -capable of being persuaded.--_ns._ PERSU[=A]'SIBLENESS, PERSUASIBIL'ITY; -PERSU[=A]'SION, act of persuading: state of being persuaded: settled -opinion: a creed: a party adhering to a creed: (_Spens._) an -inducement.--_adjs._ PERSU[=A]'SIVE, PERSU[=A]'SORY, having the power to -persuade: influencing the mind or passions.--_n._ that which persuades or -wins over.--_adv._ PERSU[=A]'SIVELY.--_n._ PERSU[=A]'SIVENESS. [Fr.,--L. -_persuad[=e]re_, _-suasum_--_per_, thoroughly, _suad[=e]re_, to advise.] - -PERSUE, p[.e]rs'[=u], _n._ (_Spens._) a track. - -PERSULPHATE, p[.e]r-sul'f[=a]t, _n._ that sulphate of a metal which -contains the relatively greater quantity of acid. - -PERT, p[.e]rt, _adj._ (_obs._) open: evident: plain. [O. Fr. _apert_--L. -_aper[=i]re_, _apertum_, to open.] - -PERT, p[.e]rt, _adj._ forward: saucy: impertinent: too free in speech: -(_obs._) clever.--_n._ an impudent person.--_adv._ PERT'LY.--_n._ -PERT'NESS. [_Perk_.] - -PERTAIN, per-t[=a]n', _v.i._ to belong: to relate (with _to_).--_ns._ -PER'TINENCE, PER'TINENCY, state of being pertinent or to the point: fitness -for the matter on hand: suitableness: appositeness.--_adj._ PER'TINENT, -pertaining or related to a subject: being to the point: fitted for the -matter on hand: fitting or appropriate: suitable: apposite.--_adv._ -PER'TINENTLY.--_n._ PER'TINENTNESS. [O. Fr. _partenir_--L. -_pertin[=e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.] - -PERTINACIOUS, p[.e]r-ti-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ thoroughly tenacious: holding -obstinately to an opinion or a purpose: obstinate: unyielding.--_adv._ -PERTIN[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ PERTIN[=A]'CIOUSNESS; PERTINAC'ITY, quality of -being pertinacious or unyielding: obstinacy: resoluteness. [Fr.,--L. -_pertinax_, _-acis_, holding fast--_per_, thoroughly, _tenax_, -tenacious--_ten[=e]re_, to hold.] - -PERTURB, per-turb', _v.t._ to disturb greatly: to agitate--also -PER'TURBATE.--_adj._ PERTUR'BABLE, that can be agitated or confused.--_ns._ -PERTUR'BANCE, PERTURB[=A]'TION, act of perturbing or state of being -perturbed: disquiet of mind: irregular action, esp. (_astron._) the -disturbance produced in the simple elliptic motion of one heavenly body -about another by the action of a third body, or by the non-sphericity of -the principal body; PERTUR'BANT, any disturbing thing.--_adjs._ -PERTURB[=A]'TIONAL; PERTUR'BATIVE.--_n._ PERTUR'BATORY, the power of -deflecting the divining-rod by magnetic influence.--_p.adj._ -PERTURBED'.--_adv._ PERTURB'EDLY.--_ns._ PERTUR'BER, -PERTURB[=A]'TOR:--_fem._ PER'TURB[=A]TRIX. [Fr.,--L. _perturb[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_per_, thoroughly, _turb[=a]re_, to disturb--_turba_, a crowd.] - -PERTUSION, p[.e]r-t[=u]'zhon, _n._ a hole made by a sharp -instrument.--_adjs._ PERT[=U]'SATE, pierced at the apex; PERTUSE', -D, -pierced with holes. [L. _pertund[)e]re_, _-tusum_--_per_, through, -_tund[)e]re_, to strike.] - -PERTUSSIS, per-tus'is, _n._ whooping-cough.--_adj._ PERTUSS'AL. - -PERUKE, per-[=u]k', or per'[=u]k, _n._ an artificial cap of hair: a -periwig--also PERRUQUE.--_adj._ PERUQU[=E]R'IAN, of or pertaining to the -making of wigs.--_n._ PERRU'QUIER, a wigmaker. [Fr. _perruque_--It. -_parrucca_ (Sp. _peluca_)--L. _pilus_, hair.] - -PERUSE, per-[=u]z', or per-[=oo]z', _v.t._ to read attentively: to examine -carefully or in detail.--_ns._ PERUSAL (per-[=u]z'al, or per-[=oo]z'al), -the act of perusing: careful examination: study: reading; PERUS'ER. [Formed -from L. _per_, thoroughly, _uti_, _usum_, to use.] - -PERUVIAN, per-[=oo]'vi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Peru_ in South -America.--_n._ a native of Peru.--PERUVIAN BALSAM, a fragrant bitterish -liquid yielded by a South American tree, used for asthma and in making -soaps; PERUVIAN BARK, cinchona (q.v.). - -PERVADE, per-v[=a]d', _v.t._ to go through or penetrate: to spread all -over.--_n._ PERV[=A]'SION.--_adj._ PERV[=A]'SIVE, tending or having power -to pervade. [L. _pervad[)e]re_, _pervasum_--_per_, through, _vad[)e]re_, to -go.] - -PERVERSE, per-v[.e]rs', _adj._ turned aside: obstinate in the wrong: -stubborn: vexatious.--_adv._ PERVERSE'LY.--_ns._ PERVERSE'NESS, -PERVER'SITY, state or quality of being perverse: inclination to oppose: -wickedness.--_adj._ PERVER'SIVE, tending to pervert. [L. _perversus_, -turned the wrong way.] - -PERVERT, per-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to turn wrong or from the right course: to -change from its true use: to corrupt: to turn from truth or virtue.--_v.i._ -to go wrong or out of the right course.--_n._ (per'vert) one who has -changed from a former position: an apostate.--_ns._ PERVER'SION, the act of -perverting: a diverting from the true object: a turning from truth or -propriety: misapplication; PERVERT'ER.--_adj._ PERVERT'IBLE, able to be -perverted. [Fr. _pervertir_--L. _pervert[)e]re_--_per_, thoroughly, -_vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.] - -PERVEYAUNCE. Same as PURVEYANCE. - -PERVICACIOUS, per-vi-k[=a]'shus, _adj._ very obstinate.--_ns._ -PERVIC[=A]'CIOUSNESS, PERVICAC'ITY. - -PERVIOUS, p[.e]r'vi-us, _adj._ permeable, penetrable: open, -perforate.--_adv._ PER'VIOUSLY.--_n._ PER'VIOUSNESS. [L. _pervius_--_per_, -through, _via_, a way.] - -PESADE, pe-z[=a]d', _n._ the act or position of a saddle-horse in rearing. -[Fr.] - -PESETA, pe-s[=a]'ta, _n._ a silver coin of Spain worth 9-1/2d. [Sp., dim. -of _pesa_, weight.] - -PESHITO, pe-sh[=e]'to, _n._ a translation of the Bible into Syriac, made in -the second century.--Also PESHIT'TO. [Syriac, _p[)e]shitt['a]_, the -simple.] - -PESHWA, pesh'wa, _n._ a chief or prince of the Mahrattas.--Also PEISH'WAH. - -PESKY, pes'ki, _adj._ annoying.--_adv._ PES'KILY. - -PESO, p[=a]'so, _n._ a Spanish dollar. [Sp.,--L. _pensum_, _pend[)e]re_, to -weigh.] - -PESSARY, pes'a-ri, _n._ an instrument worn in the vagina to remedy -displacement of the womb. [Fr. _pessaire_--Low L. _pessarium_--Gr. -_pessos_, a pebble.] - -PESSIMISM, pes'i-mizm, _n._ the doctrine that on the whole the world is bad -rather than good: a temper of mind that looks too much on the dark side of -things: a depressing view of life.--_v.i._ PESS'IMISE.--_n._ PESS'IMIST, -one who believes that everything is tending to the worst: one who looks too -much on the dark side of things--opp. to _Optimist_.--_adjs._ PESSIMIS'TIC, --AL. [L. _pessimus_, worst.] - -PEST, pest, _n._ a deadly disease: a plague: anything destructive: a -troublesome person.--_n._ PEST'HOUSE, a hospital for persons afflicted with -any contagious disease.--_adj._ PESTIF'EROUS, contagious: pestilent: -annoying.--_adv._ PESTIF'EROUSLY.--_n._ PEST'ILENCE, any contagious deadly -disease: anything that is hurtful to the morals.--_adjs._ PEST'ILENT, -producing pestilence: hurtful to health and life: mischievous: corrupt: -troublesome; PESTILEN'TIAL, of the nature of pestilence: producing -pestilence: destructive.--_advs._ PESTILEN'TIALLY, PEST'ILENTLY. [Fr. -_peste_--L. _pestis_, a contagious disease.] - -PESTALOZZIAN, pes-ta-lot'si-an, _adj._ pertaining to graduated -object-teaching as originated by Johann Heinrich _Pestalozzi_ (1745-1827). - -PESTER, pes't[.e]r, _v.t._ to disturb, to annoy.--_n._ a bother.--_n._ -PES'TERER, one who pesters.--_adv._ PES'TERINGLY.--_n._ PES'TERMENT, -annoyance. [Short for _impester_, O. Fr. _empestrer_ (Fr. _emp[^e]trer_), -to entangle, from _in_, in, Low L. _pastorium_, a foot-shackle--L. -_pastus_, pa.p. of _pasc[)e]re_, to feed.] - -PESTLE, pes'l, or pest'l, _n._ an instrument for pounding anything in a -mortar.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to pound with a pestle: to use a pestle. [O. Fr. -_pestel_--L. _pistillum_, a pounder, _pins[)e]re_, _pistum_, to pound.] - -PET, pet, _n._ any animal tame and fondled: a word of endearment often used -to young children: a favourite child: a wilful young woman--also -PEAT.--_adj._ indulged: cherished: favourite.--_v.t._ to treat as a pet: to -fondle:--_pr.p._ pet'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pet'ted. [Celt., as Ir. -_peat_, Gael. _peata_.] - -PET, pet, _n._ a sudden fit of peevishness or slight passion: -ill-humour.--_v.i._ to be peevish, to sulk. [From the above word.] - -[Illustration] - -PETAL, pet'al, _n._ a flower-leaf: a corolla leaf.--_adjs._ PET'ALED, -PET'ALIFORM, PET'ALOUS, having petals or flower-leaves; PET'ALINE, -pertaining to or resembling a petal: attached to a petal.--_n._ PET'ALISM, -a method of ostracism practised in ancient Syracuse, the name being written -on an olive-leaf.--_adj._ PET'ALOID, having the form of a petal--also -PETALOI'DEOUS. [Gr. _petalon_, a leaf.] - -PETARD, p[=e]-t[:a]rd', _n._ a kind of mortar filled with gunpowder, fixed -to gates, barriers, &c., to break them down by explosion--(_Shak._) PETAR': -a paper bomb in pyrotechny.--_ns._ PETARDEER', PETARDIER'.--HOIST WITH -ONE'S OWN PETARD (see HOIST). [O. Fr.--_p['e]ter_, to crack or explode--L. -_ped[)e]re_, cog. with Gr. _perdein_, Eng. _fart_.] - -PETARY, p[=e]'tar-i, _n._ a peat-bog. - -PETASUS, pet'a-sus, _n._ a low broad-brimmed hat worn by heralds, &c., -characteristic of Hermes. [Gr.] - -PETAURIST, pe-taw'rist, _n._ a flying opossum, Australian squirrel, -&c.--_adj._ PETAU'RINE. [Gr.] - -PETCHARY, pech'a-ri, _n._ the gray king-bird. - -PETECHIAE, p[=e]-tek'i-[=e], _n.pl._ purple spots on the skin.--_adj._ -PETECH'IAL. [L. _petigo_, a scab.] - -PETER, p[=e]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ in mining, to become exhausted (with _out_): -(_fig._) to lose power or value. - -PETER, p[=e]'t[.e]r, _v.i._ to call for trumps at whist, by throwing away a -higher card of a suit while holding a smaller.--_n._ this signal for -trumps. - -PETEREL. Same as PETREL. - -PETERSHAM, p[=e]'t[.e]r-sham, _n._ a heavy greatcoat, also the rough-napped -cloth, generally dark blue, of which it is made. [From Lord _Petersham_.] - -PETER'S-PENCE. See PENNY. - -PETIOLE, pet'i-[=o]l, _n._ the stalk which joins a leaf to the twig or -branch: a footstalk--also PET[=I]'OLUS.--_adjs._ PET'IOLAR, -Y, pertaining -to, or growing upon, a petiole; PET'IOL[=A]TE, -D, PET'IOLED, growing on a -petiole.--_n._ PET'IOLULE, a little or partial petiole. [Fr.,--L. -_petiolus_, a little foot--_pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] - -PETIT, pet'i, _adj._ small:--_fem._ PETITE (pe-t[=e]t').--_n._ -PET'IT-MA[^I]'TRE, a dandy, a coxcomb generally. [Fr.] - -PETITION, p[=e]-tish'un, _n._ a request generally from an inferior to a -superior: a written request presented to a court of law, or to a body of -legislators: a prayer: a supplication.--_v.t._ to present a petition to: to -ask as a favour: to supplicate.--_adj._ PETIT'IONARY, offering or -containing a petition: supplicatory.--_ns._ PETIT'IONER, one who offers a -petition or prayer; PETIT'IONING, the act of presenting a petition: -entreaty: solicitation; PETIT'IONIST.--_adj._ PET'ITORY, -petitioning.--PETITIO PRINCIPII, the fallacy of begging the question--a -taking for granted in argument of that which has yet to be proved. -[Fr.,--L. _petitio_--_pet[)e]re_, _petitum_, to ask.] - -PETRARY, pe-tr[=a]'ri, _n._ an engine for hurling stones. - -PETRE. Same as SALTPETRE. - -PETREAN, p[=e]-tr[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to rock. [L. _petraeus_--Gr. -_petraios_--_petra_, a rock.] - -PETREL, pet'rel, _n._ a long-winged dusky sea-bird, rarely landing except -to lay its eggs, esp. the STORMY PETREL, called by sailors 'Mother Carey's -Chickens,' scarcely larger than a lark, the smallest web-footed bird known. -[Fr.; from Matt. xiv. 29.] - -PETRIFY, pet'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to turn into stone: to make hard like a -stone: to fix in amazement.--_v.i._ to become stone, or hard like -stone:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pet'rified.--_n._ PETRES'CENCE.--_adjs._ -PETRES'CENT, growing into or becoming stone; PETRIC'OLOUS, inhabiting -rocks.--_n._ PETRIFAC'TION, the act of turning into stone: the state of -being turned into stone: that which is made stone: a fossil.--_adjs._ -PETRIFAC'TIVE, PETRIF'IC, changing animal or vegetable substances into -stone; PET'RIF[=I]ABLE.--_ns._ PETROG'ENY, the science of the origin of -rocks; PET'ROGLYPH, a rock-carving.--_adj._ PETROGLYPH'IC.--_ns._ -PETROG'LYPHY, the art of writing on rocks or stones; PETROG'RAPHER, a -student of petrography.--_adjs._ PETROGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -PETROGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ PETROG'RAPHY, the study of rocks: -petrology.--_adj._ PETROLOG'ICAL.--_adv._ PETROLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ -PETROL'OGIST; PETROL'OGY, the science of the composition and classification -of rocks.--_adjs._ PETR[=O]'SAL, of great hardness: petrous; P[=E]'TROUS, -like stone: hard: rocky. [L. _petra_--Gr. _petra_, rock, L. _fac[)e]re_, -_factum_, to make.] - -PETRINE, p[=e]'trin, _adj._ pertaining to, or written by, the Apostle -_Peter_.--_n._ P[=E]'TRINISM, the T[:u]bingen theory of F. C. Baur -(1792-1860) and his school, of a doctrinal trend in primitive Christianity -towards Judaism, ascribed to Peter and his party in opposition to -_Paulinism_. [L. _Petrinus_--_Petrus_, Peter.] - -PETROLEUM, p[=e]-tr[=o]'l[=e]-um, _n._ a liquid inflammable substance -issuing or pumped up from the earth in various parts of the world.--_ns._ -PET'ROL, a spirit obtained from petroleum; PETROLEUR (p[=a]-tro-l[=a]r'), -one of those Parisians who, with the help of petroleum, set fire to many of -the public buildings of Paris in May 1871: an incendiary:--_fem._ -PETROLEUSE'.--_adj._ PETROLIF'EROUS, yielding petroleum. [L. _petra_, rock, -_oleum_, oil.] - -PETRONEL, pet'ro-nel, _n._ a large horse-pistol: a small carbine. [O. Fr. -_petrinal_, the breast--L. _pectus_.] - -PETTED, pet'ed, _adj._ treated as a pet: indulged.--_adj._ PETT'ISH, given -to take the pet: peevish: fretful.--_adv._ PETT'ISHLY.--_n._ PETT'ISHNESS. - -PETTICHAPS, PETTY-CHAPS, pet'i-chaps, _n._ the garden warbler, the -willow-warbler, chiff-chaff. - -PETTICOAT, pet'i-k[=o]t, _n._ a loose under-skirt worn by females and -little boys: (_coll._) a woman: a fisherman's loose canvas or oilcloth -skirt: a bell-mouthed piece over the exhaust nozzles in the smoke-box of a -locomotive, strengthening and equalising the draught through the -boiler-tubes.--_adj._ feminine: female, as 'petticoat influence.'--_n._ -PETT'ICOAT-AFFAIR', an affair in which a woman is concerned.--_n.pl._ -PETT'ICOAT-BREECH'ES, a loose short breeches worn by men in the 17th -century.--_adj._ PETT'ICOATED.--PETTICOAT GOVERNMENT, government by women, -either at home or in the state. [_Petty_ + _coat_.] - -PETTIFOGGER, pet'i-fog-[.e]r, _n._ a lawyer who practises only in paltry -cases.--_v.i._ PETT'IFOG, to play the pettifogger.--_n._ PETT'IFOGGERY, -mean tricks: quibbles.--_adj._ PETT'IFOGGING. [_Petty_, and obs. _fog_, to -cheat (cf. Old Dut. _focker_).] - -PETTITOES, pet'i-t[=o]z, _n.pl._ the feet of a sucking pig: (_Shak._) human -feet. [_Petty_ + _toe_.] - -PETTLE, pet'l, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to indulge, pet. - -PETTO, pet'o, _n._ the breast. [It.,--L. _pectus_, breast.] - -PETTY, pet'i, _adj._ small: of less importance: lower in rank, power, &c.: -inconsiderable, insignificant: contemptible.--_adv._ PETT'ILY.--_n._ -PETT'INESS.--PETTY CASH, small sums of money received or paid; PETTY -LARCENY (see LARCENY); PETTY OFFICER, a naval officer with rank -corresponding to a non-commissioned officer in the army. [O. Fr. _petit._] - -PETULANT, pet'[=u]-lant, _adj._ showing peevish impatience, irritation, or -caprice: forward, impudent in manner.--_ns._ PET'ULANCE, PET'ULANCY, -sauciness: peevishness or impatience.--_adv._ PET'ULANTLY. [L. _petulans, --antis_--obs. _petul[=a]re,_ dim. of _pet[)e]re,_ to fall upon.] - -PETUNIA, p[=e]-t[=u]'ni-a, _n._ a Brazilian genus of ornamental plants of -the nightshade family, with small undivided leaves and showy funnel-form -flowers. [Amer. Ind. _petun,_ tobacco.] - -PEW, p[=u], _n._ an enclosed seat in a church.--_ns._ PEW'-FELL'OW, -companion; PEW'-HOLD'ER, one who rents a pew in a church; PEW'-[=O]'PENER, -an attendant who opens pews in a church; PEW'-RENT, rent paid for the use -of a pew in church. [O. Fr. _pui_, a raised place--L. _podium_, a front -seat in the amphitheatre--Gr. _podion_, orig. a footstool--_pous_, _podos_, -foot.] - -PEWIT, p[=e]'wit, _n._ the lapwing, a bird with a black head and crest, -common in moors.--Also P[=E]'WET, PEE'WIT. [Imit.; cf. Dut. _piewit_ or -_kiewit_.] - -PEWTER, p[=u]'t[.e]r, _n._ an alloy of four parts of tin and one of lead: -sometimes tin with a little copper and antimony: a vessel made of pewter, -esp. a beer-tankard: (_slang_) prize-money.--_adj._ made of pewter.--_ns._ -PEW'TERER, one who works in pewter; PEW'TER-MILL, a lapidaries' -polishing-wheel for amethyst, agate, &c.--_adj._ PEW'TERY, belonging to -pewter. [O. Fr. _peutre_ (It. _peltro_), from a Teut. root, seen in Low -Ger. _spialter_, Eng. spelter.] - -PFENNIG, pfen'ig, _n._ a German copper coin, the hundredth part of a -mark.--Also PFENN'ING. - -PHACITIS, f[=a]-s[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the crystalline lens of the -eye.--_n._ PHACOCYST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the capsule of the -crystalline lens of the eye.--_adj._ PH[=A]'COID, lentil-shaped.--_n._ -PH[=A]'COSCOPE. [Gr. _phakos_, a lentil.] - -PHAENOGAMOUS, PHENOGAMOUS, f[=e]-nog'a-mus, _adj._ having manifest flowers, -phanerogamous.--_ns._ PHAE'NOGAM, a phanerogamous plant; -PHAENOG[=A]'MIA=_Phanerogamia_.--_adj._ PHAENOGAM'IC. [Gr. _phainein_, to -show, _gamos_, marriage.] - -PHAETON, f[=a]'e-ton, _n._ a kind of open pleasure-carriage on four wheels, -drawn by one or two horses, from _Phaethon_, son of Helios, the sun, whose -chariot he attempted to drive: a tropic bird.--_adj._ PHAETON'IC. - -PHAGEDENA, PHAGEDAENA, faj-e-d[=e]'na, _n._ a sloughing ulcer, hospital -gangrene.--_adjs._ PHAGED[=E]'NIC, PHAGEDAE'NIC. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat.] - -PHAGOCYTE, fag'o-s[=i]t, _n._ a white or colourless blood-corpuscle--also -called _leucocyte_--an active amoeboid cell, which engulfs both nutritive -and harmful particles.--_adjs._ PHAGOCYT'IC, -AL.--_ns._ PHAG'OCYTISM, the -nature or function of a phagocyte; PHAGOCYT[=O]'SIS, the destruction of -microbes by phagocytes. [Gr. _phagein_, to eat, _kytos_, a vessel.] - -PHALAENA, f[=a]-l[=e]'na, _n._ the Linnaean genus including moths.--_adj._ -PHAL[=E]'NOID. [Gr. _phalaina_, a moth.] - -PHALANGE, f[=a]-lanj', _n._ a phalanx of a digit: any of the joints of an -insect's tarsus: a bundle of stamens joined by their filaments: a -socialistic community in Fourier's dream of an ideal arrangement of -society, consisting of 1800 persons living in a _phalanst[`e]re_--generally -in _pl._, the usual _sing_. being PH[=A]'LANX (q.v.).--_adjs._ PHALAN'GAL, -PHALAN'G[=E]AL, PHALAN'GIAL, PHALAN'GIAN; PHALAN'GIFORM; -PHALANST[=E]'RIAN.--_ns._ PHALANST[=E]'RIANISM, PHALAN'STERISM; -PHAL'ANSTERY, the dwelling of the phalange in the ideal social system of -Fourier (1772-1837), a vast structure in the midst of a square league of -cultivated land. - -PHALANGER, f[=a]-lan'jer, _n._ a genus of small arboreal Australasian -marsupials. [Fr.,--L. _phalanx_.] - -PHALANX, fal'angks, or f[=a]'-, _n._ a line of battle: a square battalion -of heavy-armed infantry drawn up in ranks and files close and deep: any -compact body of men: one of the small bones of the fingers and toes:--_pl._ -PHALAN'GES, or PHAL'ANXES. [L.,--Gr. _phalangks_.] - -PHALAROPE, fal'a-r[=o]p, _n._ a genus of wading birds, forming a sub-family -of the snipes. [Gr. _phalaris_, a coot, _pous_, a foot.] - -PHALLUS, fal'us, _n._ the symbol of generation which figures in the rites -and ceremonies of most primitive peoples: (_biol_.) the organ of -sex.--_adj._ PHALL'IC.--_ns._ PHALL'ICISM, PHALL'ISM, the phallic -worship.--_adj._ PHALL'OID. [L.,--Gr. _phallos_.] - -PHANARIOT, fa-nar'i-ot, _n._ one of the Greeks inhabiting the _Fanar_ -quarter of Constantinople--in Turkish history mostly diplomatists, -administrators, and bankers, also hospodars of Wallachia and -Moldavia.--_adj._ PHANAR'IOT.--Also FANAR'IOT. - -PHANEROGAMOUS, fan-e-rog'a-mus, _adj._ having true flowers containing -stamens and pistils--opp. to _Cryptogamous_--also PHANEROGAM'IC.--_n._ -PHAN'EROGAM, a phanerogamic plant. [Gr. _phaneros_, visible, _gamos_, -marriage.] - -PHANTASM, fan'tazm, _n._ a vain, airy appearance: a fancied vision: an -apparition or spectre--also PHANTAS'MA (_Shak._):--_pl._ PHAN'TASMS, -PHANTAS'MATA.--_adjs._ PHANTAS'MAL; PHANTASM[=A]'LIAN (_rare_).--_n._ -PHANTASMAL'ITY.--_adv._ PHANTAS'MALLY.--_adjs._ PHANTASMAT'IC, -AL; -PHANTAS'MIC; PHANTASMOGENET'IC, begetting phantasms.--_adv._ -PHANTASMOGENET'ICALLY.--_adj._ PHANTASMOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to phantasms -as subjects of inquiry.--_n._ PHANTASMOL'OGY, the science of phantasms. -[Gr. _phantasma_--_phantazein_, to make visible--_phainein_, to bring to -light--_pha-ein_, to shine.] - -PHANTASMAGORIA, fan-taz-ma-g[=o]'ri-a, _n._ a fantastic series of illusive -images: a gathering of appearances or figures upon a flat surface by a -magic-lantern.--_adjs._ PHANTASMAG[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to or resembling a -phantasmagoria; PHANTASMAGOR'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phantasma_, an appearance, -_agora_, an assembly--_ageirein_, to gather.] - -PHANTASTIC, PHANTASY. See FANTASTIC, FANTASY.--_n._ PHANT[=A]'SIAST, one of -those Docetae who believed Christ's body to have been a mere phantom. - -PHANTOM, fan'tom, _n._ a phantasm.--_adj._ illusive, spectral.--_adj._ -PHANTOMAT'IC, relating to a phantom. [O. Fr. _fantosme_--Gr. _phantasma_.] - -PHARAOH, f[=a]'r[=o], _n._ a title of the kings of ancient Egypt.--_adj._ -PHARAON'IC. [Heb.,--Egyptian.] - -PHARE, f[:a]r, _n._ a lighthouse.--Also PH[=A]'ROS. [_Pharos_.] - -PHARISEE, far'i-s[=e], _n._ one of a religious school among the Jews, -marked by their strict observance of the law and of religious ordinances: -any one more careful of the outward forms than of the spirit of religion, a -formalist.--_adjs._ PHARIS[=A]'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or like, the -Pharisees: hypocritical.--_adv._ PHARIS[=A]'ICALLY.--_ns._ -PHARIS[=A]'ICALNESS; PHAR'IS[=A]ISM, PHAR'ISEEISM, the practice and -opinions of the Pharisees: strict observance of outward forms in religion -without the spirit of it: hypocrisy. [Late L. _pharisaeus_--Gr. -_pharisaios_--Heb. _p[=a]r[=u]sh_, separated from, _parash_, to separate.] - -PHARMACEUTIC, -AL, f[:a]r-ma-s[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the -knowledge or art of preparing medicines.--_adv._ -PHARMACE[=U]'TICALLY.--_ns._ PHARMACE[=U]'TICS, the science of preparing -medicines; PHARMACE[=U]'TIST, one who practises pharmacy. - -PHARMACOPOEIA, f[:a]r-ma-k[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a book containing directions -for the preparation of medicines: a collection of drugs.--_adj._ -PHARMACOPOE'IAL. [Gr. _pharmakon_, a drug, _poiein_, to make.] - -PHARMACY, f[:a]r'ma-si, _n._ a department of the medical art which consists -in the collecting, preparing, preserving, and dispensing of medicines: the -art of preparing and mixing medicines: a drug-store.--_ns._ PHAR'MACIST, a -druggist, one skilled in pharmacy; PHARMACOGNOS'TICS, the sum of knowledge -about drugs; PHARMACOG'RAPHY, a description of drugs; PHARMACOL'OGIST, one -skilled in pharmacology; PHARMACOL'OGY, pharmacy; PHAR'MACON, a drug; -PHARMACOP'OLIST, a dealer in drugs. [Fr. _pharmacie_--L.,--Gr. _pharmakon_, -a drug.] - -PHARO=Faro. - -PHAROS, f[=a]'ros, _n._ a lighthouse or beacon, so named from the famous -lighthouse on the island of _Pharos_ in the Bay of Alexandria.--_n._ -PHAROL'OGY, the art or science of directing the course of ships by means of -light-signals from the shore. - -PHARYNX, far'ingks, _n._ the cleft or cavity forming the upper part of the -gullet, and lying behind the nose, mouth, and larynx:--_pl._ PHAR'YNGES, -PHAR'YNXES.--_adjs._ PHARYN'G[=E]AL; PHARYNGIT'IC, pertaining to -pharyngitis.--_n._ PHARYNG[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the mucous membrane of -the pharynx.--_adjs._ PHARYNGOGLOS'SAL, pertaining to the pharynx and the -tongue; -LARYN'GEAL, to that and the larynx; -N[=A]'SAL, and the nose; --[=O]'RAL, and the mouth.--_ns._ PHARYNGOG'RAPHY, a description of the -pharynx; PHARYNG'[=O]SCOPE, an instrument for inspecting the pharynx; -PHARYNG'OSCOPY; PHARYNGOT'OMY, the operation of making an incision into the -pharynx to remove a tumour. [Late L.,--Gr. _pharyngkx_, the pharynx.] - -PHASE, f[=a]z, _n._ aspect, appearance, at any stage: an era: the form in -which an object or a question presents itself to the mind: the appearance -at a given time of the illuminated surface exhibited by a planet--also -PH[=A]'SIS:--_pl._ PHAS'ES.--_adj._ PHASE'LESS, unchanging. [Gr. -_phasis_--_phaein_, to shine.] - -PHASMA, fas'm[:a], _n._ a genus of gressorial orthopterous -insects--walking-stick insects, spectre-insects (_Phasma_), and -leaf-insects. - -PHEASANT, fez'ant, _n._ a gallinaceous bird abundant in Britain, and highly -valued as food.--_n._ PHEAS'ANTRY, an enclosure for pheasants, where they -may be bred and reared. [O. Fr. _faisan_--L. _Phasiana_ (_avis_)--Gr. -_Phasianos_, of Phasis, in Colchis.] - -PHEER, f[=e]r, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as FERE, a mate. - -PHEESE, f[=e]z, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat, to drive off: to worry.--_v.i._ -(_U.S._) to worry.--_n._ worry--better FEEZE.--_n._ PHEES'AR, one of the -mad host's words (_Merry Wives_, I. iii. 10). - -PHELLOPLASTICS, fel-[=o]-plas'tiks, _n._ modelling in cork.--_n._ -PHELL'OGEN, cork-meristem.--_adj._ PHELLOGENET'IC. [Gr. _phellos_, cork, -_plassein_, to form.] - -PHENACETIN, f[=e]-nas'e-tin, _n._ a drug prepared from carbolic acid, good -against fevers, insomnia, &c. - -PHENAKISTOSCOPE, fen-a-kis't[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an optical instrument which -produces the appearances of objects in motion, as birds flying, &c.--_n._ -PHEN'AKISM (_Bacon_), deceit. [Gr. -_phenakistikos_--_phenakizein_--_phenax_, a cheat.] - -PHENIX=_Phoenix_. - -PHENOGAM=_Phaenogam_. - -PHENOGAMIA=_Phaenogamia_. - -PHENOL, f[=e]'nol. _n._ phenyl alcohol or carbolic acid. [_Fr._] - -PHENOLOGY, PHAENOLOGY, f[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the branch of biology -treating of animal or plant life and development as affected by -climate.--_adjs._ PHENOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHENOL'OGIST. [_Phenomenology_.] - -PHENOMENON, f[=e]-nom'e-non, _n._ an appearance: the appearance which -anything makes to our consciousness, as distinguished from what it is in -itself: an observed result: a remarkable or unusual person, thing, or -appearance:--_pl._ PHENOM'ENA.--_adj._ PHENOM'ENAL, pertaining to a -phenomenon: of the nature of a phenomenon: so strange as to excite great -wonder: out of the common.--_v.t._ PHENOM'ENALISE, to represent as a -phenomenon.--_ns._ PHENOM'ENALISM, the philosophical doctrine that the -phenomenal and the real are identical--that phenomena are the only -realities--also _Externalism_; PHENOM'ENALIST, one who believes in -phenomenalism; PHENOMENAL'ITY, the character of being phenomenal.--_adv._ -PHENOM'ENALLY.--_v.t._ PHENOM'ENISE, to bring into the world of -experience.--_ns._ PHENOM'ENISM, the doctrines of the phenomenists; -PHENOM'ENIST, one who believes only what he observes, or phenomena, one who -rejects necessary primary principles.--_adj._ PHENOMEN[=O]LOG'ICAL.--_n._ -PHENOMENOL'OGY, a description of phenomena. [Gr. _phainomenon_--_phainein_, -to show.] - -PHENYL, f[=e]'nil, _n._ an organic radical found esp. in carbolic acid, -benzole, and aniline.--_adjs._ PH[=E]'NIC, PHENYL'IC. [Fr. _ph['e]nyle_.] - -PHEON, f[=e]'on, _n._ (_her._) the barbed iron head of a dart: the broad -arrow marking property of the Crown. - -PHEW, f[=u], _interj._ an exclamation of disgust. - -PHIAL, f[=i]'al, _n._ a small glass vessel or bottle. [L. _phiala_--Gr. -_phial[=e]_, a vial.] - -PHI BETA KAPPA, fi bet-a kap-a, the oldest of the American college Greek -letter societies. [From the initial letters of its motto--_Philosophia biou -kubern[=e]t[=e]s_, 'Philosophy is the guide of life.'] - -PHILADELPHIAN, fil-a-del'fi-an, _n._ one of a mystic sect emphasising -'brotherly love,' founded in London in 1652 under the influence of Boehme. -[Gr. _philein_, to love, _adelphos_, a brother.] - -PHILANDER, fi-lan'd[.e]r, _v.i._ to make love: to flirt or coquet.--_n._ a -lover.--_n._ PHILAN'DERER. [Gr. _philandros_, loving men--_philos_, -dear--_philein_, to love, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.] - -PHILANTHROPY, fi-lan'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ love of mankind, esp. as shown in -good deeds and services to others: goodwill towards all men.--_ns._ -PHIL'ANTHROPE, PHILAN'THROPIST, one who tries to benefit mankind.--_adjs._ -PHILANTHROP'IC, -AL, doing good to others, benevolent.--_adv._ -PHILANTHROP'ICALLY. [L.,--Gr. _philanthr[=o]pia_--_philos_, loving, -_anthr[=o]pos_, a man.] - -PHILATELY, fi-lat'e-li, _n._ the study and collection of postage and -revenue stamps and labels (also _Timbrophily_, _Timbrology_).--_adj._ -PHILATEL'IC.--_n._ PHILAT'ELIST, one devoted to this pursuit. [Formed in -1865 from Gr. _philos_, loving, _atel[=e]s_, free of tax, 'prepaid'--_a-_, -neg., _telos_, tax.] - -PHILHARMONIC, fil-har-mon'ik, _adj._ loving music. [Gr. _philos_, loving, -_harmonia_, harmony.] - -PHILHELLENIC, fil-he-len'ik, _adj._ loving Greece.--_ns._ PHILHEL'LENE, -PHILHEL'LENIST, a supporter of Greece, esp. in 1821-32; PHILHEL'LENISM, -love of Greece. [Gr. _philos_, loving, _Hell[=e]n_, a Greek.] - -PHILIBEG, PHILABEG. See FILLIBEG. - -PHILIPPIAN, fi-lip'i-an, _n._ a native of _Philippi_ in Macedonia--also -_adj._ - -PHILIPPIC, fil-ip'ik, _n._ one of the three orations of Demosthenes against -Philip of Macedon, or of Cicero against Marc Antony: any discourse full of -invective.--_v.i._ PHIL'IPPISE, to utter such. - -PHILISTINE, fil'is-tin, _n._ one of the ancient inhabitants of -south-western Palestine, enemies of the Israelites--also PHILIS'TIAN, and -PHILIS'TIM (_Milt._): a name applied by German students to shopkeepers and -others not connected with the university: an uncultured person.--_n._ -PHIL'ISTINISM. - -PHILL-HORSE, fil'-hors, _n._=_Thill-horse_, a shaft-horse. - -PHILOGYNY, fil-oj'i-ni, _n._ love of women.--_n._ PHILOG'YNIST. [Gr. -_philos_, loving, _gyn[=e]_, a woman.] - -PHILOLOGY, fi-lol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of language: the study of -etymology, grammar, rhetoric, and literary criticism: (_orig._) the -knowledge which enabled men to study and explain the classical languages of -Greece and Rome.--_ns._ PHILOL'OGER, PHILOL[=O]'GIAN, PHILOL'OGIST, -PHIL'OLOGUE, one versed in philology.--_adjs._ PHILOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -PHILOLOG'ICALLY.--COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY, study of languages by comparing -their history, forms, and relationships with each other. [L.,--Gr. -_philologia_--_philologos_, fond of words--_philos_, loving, _logos_, -discourse.] - -PHILOMATH, fil'[=o]-math, _n._ a lover of learning.--_adjs._ PHILOMATH'IC, --AL.--_n._ PHILOM'ATHY, love of learning. [Gr. _philomath[=e]s_, fond of -learning--_philos_, loving, _e-math-on_, 2d aorist _manthanein_, to learn.] - -PHILOMEL, fil'[=o]-mel, _n._ the nightingale.--Also PHILOM[=E]'LA. [Gr. -_Philomela_, daughter of Pandion, king of Athens, changed into a -nightingale or swallow.] - -PHILOMUSICAL, fil-[=o]-m[=u]'zi-cal, _adj._ fond of music. - -PHILOPENA, fil-[=o]-p[=e]'na, _n._ a game in which each of two persons eats -a twin kernel of a nut, and one pays a forfeit to the other on certain -conditions: the gift made as a forfeit, or the twin kernels shared. [Ger. -_vielliebchen_--_viel_, much, _liebchen_, sweetheart.] - -PHILOPOLEMIC, fil-[=o]-p[=o]-lem'ik, _adj._ fond of war or of debate. - -PHILOPROGENITIVENESS, fil-[=o]-pr[=o]-jen'i-tiv-nes, _n._ (_phren._) the -instinctive love of offspring. [Gr. _philos_, loving, L. _progenies_, -progeny.] - -PHILOSOPHER, fi-los'[=o]-f[.e]r, _n._ a lover of wisdom: one versed in or -devoted to philosophy: a metaphysician: one who acts calmly and rationally -in all the affairs and changes of life--also PHIL'OSOPHE:--_fem._ -PHILOS'OPHESS.--_adjs._ PHILOSOPH'IC, -AL, pertaining or according to -philosophy: skilled in or given to philosophy: becoming a philosopher: -rational: calm.--_adv._ PHILOSOPH'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PHILOS'OPHISE, to reason -like a philosopher: to form philosophical theories.--_ns._ PHILOS'OPHISER, -a would-be philosopher; PHILOS'OPHISM, would-be philosophy; -PHILOS'OPHIST.--_adjs._ PHILOSOPHIST'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHILOS'OPHY, the -science of being as being: the knowledge of the causes and laws of all -phenomena: the collection of general laws or principles belonging to any -department of knowledge: reasoning: a particular philosophical system: -calmness of temper.--PHILOSOPHER'S STONE, an imaginary stone or mineral -compound, long sought after by alchemists as a means of transforming other -metals into gold.--MORAL, and NATURAL, PHILOSOPHY (see MORAL, NATURAL). -[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _philosophos_--_philos_, a lover, _sophos_, wise.] - -PHILOTECHNIC, -AL, fil-[=o]-tek'nik, -al, _adj._ fond of the arts. - -PHILOZOIC, fil-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ fond of animals. - -PHILTRE, PHILTER, fil't[.e]r, _n._ a charm or spell to excite love. [Fr. -_philtre_--L. _philtrum_--Gr. _philtron_--_philos_, loving, _-tron_, -denoting the agent.] - -PHIMOSIS, f[=i]-m[=o]'sis, _n._ stenosis of the preputial orifice. - -PHISNOMY, fis'no-mi, _n._ (_Shak._) the face--a corr. of _physiognomy_. - -PHIZ, fiz, _n._ (_humorous_) the face. - -PHLEBITIS, fl[=e]-b[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a vein.--_ns._ -PHLEB'OLITE, a calcareous concretion found in a vein; PHLEBOL'OGY, science -of the veins; PHLEB'ORRHAGE, venous hemorrhage.--_adjs._ PHLEBOTOM'IC, --AL.--_v.t._ PHLEBOT'OMISE.--_ns._ PHLEBOT'OMIST; PHLEBOT'OMY, act of -letting blood. [Gr. _phleps_, _phlebos_, a vein.] - -PHLEGETHONTIC, fleg-e-thon'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling the -river _Phlegethon_, a mythological river of the infernal regions, whose -waves rolled torrents of fire, flowing into the lake of Acheron. [Gr. -_phlegethein_--_phlegein_, to burn.] - -PHLEGM, flem, _n._ one of the four elements of which the ancients supposed -the blood to be composed: the thick, slimy matter secreted in the throat, -and discharged by coughing: sluggishness: indifference: calmness.--_adj._ -PHLEGMAGOGIC (fleg-ma-goj'ik).--_ns._ PHLEG'MAGOGUE, a medicine expelling -phlegm; PHLEGM[=A]'SIA, inflammation, esp. _Phlegmasia dolens_, puerperal -tumid leg.--_adjs._ PHLEGMAT'IC, -AL, abounding in or generating phlegm: -cold: sluggish: not easily excited.--_adv._ PHLEGMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ -PHLEG'MON, inflammation in the connective tissue.--_adjs._ PHLEG'MONOID; -PHLEGM'Y. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _phlegma_, _phlegmatos_--_phlegein_, to burn.] - -PHLEME=_Fleam_. - -PHLEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ a small genus of annual or perennial -grasses--_timothy_, _cat's-tail grass_, _herd's grass_. [Gr. _phle[=o]s_.] - -PHLOEUM, fl[=e]'um, _n._ the cellular portion of bark next the -epidermis--also _Epiphloeum_ and Bast.--_n._ PHL[=O]'EM, the bast or liber -portion of a vascular bundle. [Gr. _phloios_, bark.] - -PHLOGISTON, fl[=o]-jis'ton, _n._ an imaginary element, believed in till -nearly the end of the 18th century as forming part of every combustible -body, which by its disengagement caused burning, or fire in action.--_adj._ -PHLOGIS'TIC (_chem._), containing or resembling phlogiston: inflaming: -(_med._) inflammatory.--_v.t._ PHLOGIS'TICATE, to combine phlogiston with. -[Gr.] - -PHLOX, floks, _n._ a well-known garden plant, so called from its colour. -[Gr.,--_phlegein_, to burn.] - -PHLYCTAENA, PHLYCTENA, flik-t[=e]'na, _n._ a small vesicle.--_adjs._ -PHLYCT[=E]'NAR; PHLYCT[=E]'NOID; PHLYCT[=E]'NOUS. - -PHOBANTHROPY, f[=o]-ban'thr[=o]-pi, _n._ a morbid dread of mankind. - -PHOCINE, f[=o]'sin, _adj._ pertaining to the seal family.--_n._ PH[=O]'CA, -a seal.--_adj._ PHOC[=A]'CEAN, relating to the genus _Phoca_.--_n._ a seal -of this genus.--_n._ PHOCAE'NA, a genus of delphinoid odontocete -cetaceans--the true porpoises.--_adjs._ PH[=O]'CAL; PHOCAE'NINE, like a -porpoise. [L. _phoca_--Gr. _ph[=o]k[=e]_, a seal.] - -PHOEBUS, f[=e]'bus, _n._ the sun-god: the sun:--_fem._ PHOEBE -(f[=e]'b[=e]), the moon. [L.,--Gr. _phoibos_, bright, _phaein_, to shine.] - -PHOENICIAN, PHENICIAN, f[=e]-nish'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Phoenicia_, on -the coast of Syria, to its people, language, or arts.--_n._ an inhabitant -of Phoenicia: the language, a Semitic dialect, akin to Hebrew. - -PHOENIX, PHENIX, f[=e]'niks, _n._ a fabulous bird said to have existed for -500 years all alone in the wilderness, and, after burning itself on a -funeral pile, to have risen from its own ashes--hence, the emblem of -immortality: a paragon. [L.,--Gr. _phoinix_.] - -PHOLAS, f[=o]'las, _n._ a genus of stone-bearing bivalves, a -piddock:--_pl._ PH[=O]'LADES.--_n._ PH[=O]'LADITE, a fossil pholad. [Gr.] - -PHONATE, f[=o]'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to utter vocal sounds.--_n._ PHON[=A]'TION, -emission of vocal sounds.--_adj._ PH[=O]'NATORY, pertaining to -phonation.--_n._ PHONAU'TOGRAPH, an instrument for registering the -vibrations of a sounding body.--_adj._ PHONAUTOGRAPH'IC.--_adv._ -PHONAUTOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ PHONOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the -vibrations of a body. - -PHONETIC, -AL, f[=o]-net'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, or in accordance -with, the sound of the voice: representing elementary sounds: -vocal.--_adv._ PHONET'ICALLY.--_n._ PHONETIC'IAN, a student of -phonetics.--_v.t._ PHONET'ICISE, to make phonetic.--_ns._ PHONET'ICISM, -phonetic character or representation; PHONET'ICIST, one who advocates -phonetic-spelling.--_n.sing._ PHONET'ICS, the science of sounds, esp. of -the human voice.--_ns._ PHONET'IC-SPELL'ING, spelling according to sound: -the spelling of words as they are pronounced; PHONETIS[=A]'TION, art of -representing sound by phonetic signs.--_v.t._ PH[=O]'NETISE, to represent -phonetically.--_ns._ PH[=O]'NETISM, sound, pronunciation; PH[=O]'NETIST, a -student of phonetics.--_adj._ PHON'IC, pertaining to sound.--_n.sing_. -PHON'ICS, acoustics.--_adj._ PHONOCAMP'TIC, reflecting or deflecting -sound.--_n._ PH[=O]'NOLITE, clinkstone. [Gr. -_ph[=o]netikos_--_ph[=o]n[=e]_, a sound.] - -PHONOGRAPH, f[=o]'n[=o]-graf, _n._ a character or mark used to represent a -sound (also PH[=O]'NOGRAM): an instrument by which spoken words or other -sounds can be recorded, and afterwards given out again almost in the -original tones.--_ns._ PHONOG'RAPHER, PHONOG'RAPHIST, one versed in -phonography.--_adjs._ PHONOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHONOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_ns._ -PHONOG'RAPHY, the art of representing each spoken sound by a distinct -character: phonetic shorthand; PH[=O]'N[=O]SCOPE, an apparatus for -recording music as played, or for testing musical strings: a microphone. -[Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _graphein_, to write.] - -PHONOLOGY, f[=o]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the sounds of the voice, -the manner in which these are combined in any language: phonetics.--_adj._ -PHONOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHONOL'OGIST, one versed in phonology. [Gr. -_ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _logos_, discourse.] - -PHONOTYPE, f[=o]'n[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a type or sign representing a -sound.--_adjs._ PHONOTYP'IC, -AL, of or belonging to a phonotype, or to -phonotypy.--_ns._ PH[=O]'NOTYPIST; PH[=O]'NOTYPY, the art of representing -each of the elementary sounds by different types or distinct characters. -[Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound, _typos_, type.] - -PHORMINX, for'mingks, _n._ a kind of cithara. [Gr.] - -PHORMIUM, for'mi-um, _n._ a genus of New Zealand plants of the lily -family--New Zealand flax or flax-lily. [Gr. _phormion_, a plant.] - -PHOSPHENE, fos'f[=e]n, _n._ a brilliant coloured spectrum seen when the -finger is pressed into the internal corner of the eye. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, -light, _phainein_, to shine.] - -PHOSPHORUS, fos'f[=o]-rus, _n._ the morning-star: a yellowish substance, -like wax, inflammable and giving out light in the dark.--_n._ PHOS'PHATE, a -salt formed by the combination of phosphoric acid with a base.--_adj._ -PHOSPHAT'IC, of the nature of, or containing, a phosphate.--_ns._ -PHOS'PHIDE, a compound formed of phosphorus and some other element, as -copper or iron; PHOS'PHITE, a salt of phosphorous acid; PHOS'PHOR, the -morning-star: (_obs._) phosphorus.--_v.t._ PHOS'PHORATE, to combine or -impregnate with phosphorus.--_n._ PHOS'PHOR-BRONZE, an alloy of copper, -tin, and phosphorus.--_v.i._ PHOSPHORESCE', to shine in the dark like -phosphorus.--_n._ PHOSPHORESC'ENCE.--_adjs._ PHOSPHORESC'ENT, shining in -the dark like phosphorus; PHOSPHOR'IC, PHOS'PHOROUS, pertaining to or -obtained from phosphorus.--_ns._ PHOS'PHORITE, a massive radiated variety -of apatite; PHOS'PHURET, a compound of phosphorus with a metal.--_adj._ -PHOS'PHURETTED, combined with phosphorus.--_n._ PHOS'SY-JAW, phosphorous -poisoning.--PHOSPHATIC DIATHESIS (_med._), the condition in which there is -a tendency in the urine to deposit white gravel. -[L.,--Gr.,--_ph[=o]sphoros_, light-bearer--_ph[=o]s_, light, _phoros_, -bearing, from _pherein_, to bear.] - -PHOTO, f[=o]'t[=o], _n._ a colloquial abbreviation of _photograph_. - -PHOTOCHEMISTRY, f[=o]-t[=o]-kem'is-tri, _n._ that branch of chemistry which -treats of the chemical action of light.--_adj._ PHOTOCHEM'ICAL.--_n._ -PHOTOCHEM'IST. - -PHOTOCHROMY, f[=o]'t[=o]-kr[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of reproducing colours by -photography.--_adj._ PHOTOCHROMAT'IC.--_n._ PHOTOCHR[=O]'MOTYPE, a -photo-process picture printed in colours by any of the ordinary methods of -typography in colours. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _chr[=o]ma_, -colour.] - -PHOTO-ENGRAVING, f[=o]'t[=o]-en-gr[=a]'ving, _n._ a general term including -all the various processes of mechanical engraving by the aid of -photography.--The term PHOTOG'LYPHY is sometimes applied to photo-engraving -by one process or other, often limited to photogravure.--_adj._ -PHOTOGLYPH'IC. - -PHOTOGENY, f[=o]-toj'e-ni, _n._ the art of taking pictures by the action of -light on a chemically prepared ground.--_adjs._ PHOTOGEN'IC, PHOTOG'ENOUS. - -PHOTOGRAPHY, f[=o]-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of producing pictures by the -action of light on chemically prepared surfaces.--_n._ PH[=O]'TOGRAPH, a -picture so produced.--_v.t._ to make a picture of by means of -photography.--_ns._ PH[=O]TOG'RAPHER, PH[=O]TOG'RAPHIST.--_adj._ -PH[=O]TOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PH[=O]TOGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, light, -_graphein_, to draw.] - -PHOTOGRAVURE, f[=o]'t[=o]-gr[=a]-v[=u]r, _n._ a method of producing by -means of photography and the action of acids on a sensitised surface a kind -of mezzo-engraving on metal. [Fr.,--Gr. _ph[=o]s_, light, Fr. _gravure_, -engraving.] - -PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-li-thog'ra-fi, _n._ a method by which a -photograph in line can be developed with ink so as to be transferred to -stone as a lithograph.--_n._ PHOTOLITH'OGRAPH, a print produced by -photolithography.--_v.t._ to reproduce by this aid.--_n._ -PHOTOLITHOG'RAPHER.--_adj._ PHOTOLITHOGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, -_ph[=o]tos_, light, _lithos_, a stone, _graphein_, to write.] - -PHOTOLOGY, f[=o]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of light.--_adjs._ -PHOTOLOG'IC, -AL.--_n._ PHOTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, -_logia_--_legein_, to say.] - -PHOTOLYSIS, f[=o]-tol'i-sis, _n._ (_bot._) the movements of protoplasm -under the influence of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, -_lysis_--_lyein_, to unloose.] - -PHOTOMECHANICAL, f[=o]-t[=o]-m[=e]-kan'i-kal, _adj._ pertaining to the -mechanical production of pictures by the aid of light, as in -photo-engraving, &c. - -PHOTOMETER, f[=o]-tom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the -intensity of light, esp. for comparing the amount of light coming from -different sources.--_adjs._ PHOTOMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ PHOTOM'ETRY, the -measurement of the intensity of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, -_m[=e]tron_, a measure.] - -PHOTOMICROGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-m[=i]-krog'ra-fi, _n._ the enlargement of -microscopic objects by means of the microscope, and the projection of the -enlarged image on a sensitive film.--_ns._ PHOTOM[=I]'CROGRAPH; -PHOTOMICROG'RAPHER.--_adj._ PHOTOMICROGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, -_ph[=o]tos_, light, _mikros_, little, _graphein_, to write.] - -PHOTOPHOBIA, f[=o]-t[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ a dread of light.--_adj._ -PHOTOPHOB'IC. - -PHOTOPHONE, f[=o]'t[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an apparatus for transmitting -articulate speech to a distance along a beam of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, -_ph[=o]tos_, light, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.] - -PHOTO-PROCESS, f[=o]'t[=o]-pros'es, _n._ any process by which is produced, -by the agency of photography, a matrix from which prints can be made in -ink--photogravure, photolithography, and photozincography. - -PHOTOPSIA, f[=o]-top'si-a, _n._ the condition of having the sensation of -light without external cause.--Also PH[=O]'TOPSY. - -PHOTO-RELIEF, f[=o]'t[=o]-re-l[=e]f', _n._ a process of producing plates by -means of photography, from which impressions can be taken in an ordinary -printing-press. - -PHOTOSCULPTURE, f[=o]-t[=o]-skulp't[=u]r, _n._ the art of taking likenesses -in the form of statuettes or medallions by the aid of photography. - -PHOTOSPHERE, f[=o]'t[=o]-sf[=e]r, _n._ the luminous envelope round the -sun's globe, which is the source of light. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, -light, _sphaira_, a sphere.] - -PHOTOTHERAPY, f[=o]-t[=o]-ther'a-pi, _n._ the art of healing (of lupus, -&c.) by means of light, electric or other, focussed on the diseased part. -[Gr. _ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _therapeuein_, to heal.] - -PHOTOTYPE, f[=o]'t[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a type or plate of the same nature as -an engraved plate, produced from a photograph.--_n._ PH[=O]'TOTYPY_._ [Gr. -_ph[=o]s_, _ph[=o]tos_, light, _typos_, type.] - -PHOTO-XYLOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-z[=i]-log'ra-fi, _n._ wood-engraving after an -impression has been taken on the wood-block by photography. [Gr. _ph[=o]s_, -_ph[=o]tos_ light, _xylon_, a log of wood, _graphein_, to write.] - -PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY, f[=o]-t[=o]-zing-kog'ra-fi, _n._ the process of engraving -on zinc by taking an impression by photography and etching with -acids.--_n._ PHOTOZINC'OGRAPH, a picture so produced. - -PHRASE, fr[=a]z, _n._ two or more words expressing a single idea by -themselves, or showing the manner or style in which a person expresses -himself: part of a sentence: a short pithy expression: phraseology: -(_mus._) a short clause or portion of a sentence.--_v.t._ to express in -words: to style.--_n._ PHRASE'-BOOK, a book containing or explaining -phrases.--_adj._ PHRASE'LESS, incapable of being described.--_ns._ -PHRASE'-MAN, PHRASE'-MONG'ER, a wordy speaker or writer; PHR[=A]'SEOGRAM, -PHR[=A]'SEOGRAPH, a combination of shorthand characters to represent a -phrase or sentence.--_adjs._ PHRASEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to phraseology: -consisting of phrases.--_adv._ PHRASEOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHRASEOL'OGIST, a -maker or a collector of phrases; PHR[=A]SEOL'OGY, style or manner of -expression or arrangement of phrases: peculiarities of diction: a -collection of phrases in a language; PHR[=A]'SER, a mere maker or repeater -of phrases.--_adj._ PHR[=A]'SICAL.--_n._ PHR[=A]'SING, the wording of a -speech or passage: (_mus._) the grouping and accentuation of the sounds in -a melody. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _phrasis_--_phrazein_, to speak.] - -PHRATRY, fr[=a]'tri, _n._ a clan: a brotherhood--also PHR[=A]'TRIA.--_adj._ -PHR[=A]'TRIC. [Gr. _phrat[=e]r_, a brother.] - -PHREN, _fren_, _n._ the thinking principle, mind: the diaphragm:--_pl._ -PHRENES.--_ns._ PHR[=E]NAL'GIA, psychalgia; PHREN[=E]'SIS, delirium, -frenzy.--_adjs._ PHRENET'IC, -AL (also FRENET'IC, -AL), having a disordered -mind: frenzied: mad; PHRENIAT'RIC, pertaining to the cure of mental -diseases; PHREN'IC, belonging to the diaphragm.--_ns._ PHREN'ICS, mental -philosophy; PHREN'ISM, thought force.--_adj._ PHRENIT'IC, affected with -phrenitis.--_ns._ PHREN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the brain; PHRENOG'RAPHY, -descriptive psychology; PHRENOPATH'IA, mental disease.--_adj._ -PHRENOPATH'IC.--_n._ PHRENOPL[=E]'GIA, sudden loss of mental power. [Gr. -_phr[=e]n_, the mind.] - -PHRENOLOGY, fr[=e]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the theory that the various faculties -and powers of the mind are connected with certain parts of the brain, and -can be known by an examination of the outer surface of the skull: the -science by which character can be read by examining the skull.--_adjs._ -PHRENOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PHRENOLOG'ICALLY.--_n._ PHRENOL'OGIST, one who -believes or is versed in phrenology. [Gr. _phr[=e]n_, _phrenos_, mind, -_logos_, science.] - -PHRONESIS, fr[=o]'-n[=e]'sis, _n._ practical wisdom. [Gr.,--_phr[=e]n_, -mind.] - -PHRYGIAN, frij'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Phrygia_ in Asia Minor, or to -the Phrygians.--_n._ a native of Phrygia: a Montanist.--PHRYGIAN CAP, a -conical cap with the top turned forward. - -PHTHALEIN, thal'e-in, _n._ one of a very important class of dye-yielding -materials formed by the union of phenols with the anhydride of phthalic -acid.--_adj._ PHTHAL'IC, pertaining to naphthalene.--_n._ PHTHAL'IN, a -colourless crystalline compound obtained by reducing phthalein. - -PHTHIRIASIS, thi-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ the lousy disease--_morbus pediculosus._ -[L.,--Gr.] - -PHTHISIS, th[=i]'sis, _n._ consumption or wasting away of the -lungs.--_adjs._ PHTHIS'IC, -AL (tiz'ik, -al), pertaining to or having -phthisis.--_n._ PHTHISIOLOGY (tiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji), the sum of scientific -knowledge about phthisis. [L.,--Gr. _phthiein_, to waste away.] - -PHYCOLOGY, f[=i]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of algae or -sea-weeds.--_n._ PHYCOG'RAPHY, systematic description of algae.--_adj._ -PHYCOLOG'IC.--_n._ PHYCOL'OGIST. - -[Illustration] - -PHYLACTERY, fi-lak'te-ri, _n._ a charm or amulet: among the Jews, a slip of -parchment inscribed with certain passages of Scripture, worn on the left -arm or forehead: among the early Christians, a case in which relics were -preserved.--_adjs._ PHYLACTER'IC, -AL. [L.,--Gr. _phylakt[=e]rion_, -_phylakt[=e]r_, a guard--_phylassein_, to guard.] - -PHYLARCH, f[=i]'lark, _n._ in ancient Greece, the chief of a tribe: in -Athens, the commander of the cavalry of a tribe.--_ns._ PHY'LARCHY, the -office of a phylarch; PHYLE (f[=i]'l[=e]), a tribe or clan in ancient -Greece.--_adj._ PHYLET'IC, pertaining to a race or tribe: pertaining to a -phylum of the animal kingdom.--_n._ PHYLUM (f[=i]'lum), any primary -division or sub-kingdom of the animal or vegetable kingdom:--_pl._ PHY'LA. - -PHYLLITE, fil'[=i]t, _n._ clay-slate or argillaceous schist.--_adj._ -PHYLLIT'IC. [Gr.,--_phyllon_, a leaf.] - -PHYLLIUM, fil'i-um, _n._ a genus of orthopterous insects of family -_Phasmidae_--leaf-insects or walking-leaves. - -PHYLLODIUM, fi-l[=o]'di-um, _n._ a petiole which usurps the function of a -leaf-blade.--_adj._ PHYLLODIN'EOUS. - -PHYLLOID, fil'oid, _adj._ leaf-like--also PHYLLOI'DEOUS.--_ns._ -PHYL'LOMANCY, divination by leaves; PHYLLOM[=A]'NIA, abnormal production of -leaves; PHYL'LOME, foliage.--_adj._ PHYLLOM'IC.--_n._ PHYL'LOMORPHY, the -reversion of floral organs, as sepals and bracts, to leaves--better -PHYL'LODY. - -PHYLLOPHAGOUS, fi-lof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on leaves.--_n._ a member of -the PHYLLOPH'AGA, a tribe of hymenopterous insects--the saw-flies: a group -of lamellicorn beetles which are leaf-eaters--the chafers. - -PHYLLOPHOROUS, fi-lof'[=o]-rus, _adj._ producing leaves: (_zool._) having -leaf-like organs. - -PHYLLOPOD, fil'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having foliaceous feet--also -PHYLLOP'ODOUS.--_n._ a crustacean of the order _Phyllopoda_.--_adj._ -PHYLLOPOD'IFORM. - -PHYLLORHINE, fil'[=o]-rin, _adj._ having a nose-leaf. - -PHYLLOSTOMATOUS, fil-[=o]-stom'a-tus, _adj._ leaf-nosed, as a bat.--_n._ -PHYLL'OSTOME, a leaf-nosed bat.--_adj._ PHYLLOS'TOMINE, leaf-nosed. - -PHYLLOTAXIS, fil-[=o]-tak'sis, _n._ the disposition of leaves on the -stem.--Also PHYLL'OTAXY. [Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _taxis_, arrangement.] - -PHYLLOXERA, fil-ok-s[=e]'ra, _n._ a genus of insects, belonging to a family -nearly related to aphides and coccus insects, very destructive to vines. -[Gr. _phyllon_, a leaf, _x[=e]ros_, dry.] - -PHYLOGENY, f[=i]-loj'e-ni, _n._ a biological term applied to the evolution -or genealogical history of a race or tribe--also PHYLOGEN'ESIS.--_adv._ -PHYLOGENET'ICALLY.--_adjs._ PHYLOGEN'IC, PHYLOGENET'IC. [Gr. _phylon_, -race, _genesis_, origin.] - -PHYSALIA, f[=i]-s[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of large oceanic -hydrozoans--_Portuguese man-of-war_. [Gr. _physallis_, a plant, -bladder--_physa_, bellows.] - -PHYSALITE, fis'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a coarse topaz. - -PHYSETER, fi-s[=e]'t[.e]r, _n._ a sperm-whale. - -PHYSIC, fiz'ik, _n._ the science of medicine: the art of healing: a -medicine: (_orig._) natural philosophy, physics.--_v.t._ to give medicine -to:--_pr.p._ phys'icking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ phys'icked.--_ns._ PHYSICIAN -(fi-zish'an), one skilled in the use of physic or the art of healing: one -who prescribes remedies for diseases: a doctor.--_ns._ PHYSIC'IANCY, post -or office of physician; PHYSIC'IANSHIP; PHYS'IC-NUT, _Barbadoes_ or -_Purging nut_, the seeds of _Jatropha curcas_.--PHYSIC GARDEN, a botanical -garden. [O. Fr.,--Gr. _physik[=e]_, natural--Gr. _physis_, nature.] - -PHYSICAL, fiz'ik-al, _adj._ pertaining to nature or to natural objects: -pertaining to material things: of or pertaining to natural philosophy: -known to the senses: pertaining to the body.--_n._ PHYS'ICALIST, one who -thinks that human thought and action are determined by the physical -organisation.--_adv._ PHYS'ICALLY.--_ns._ PHYS'ICISM (-sizm), belief in the -material or physical as opposed to the spiritual; PHYS'ICIST (-sist), a -student of nature: one versed in physics: a natural philosopher: one who -believes that life is merely a form of physical energy.--PHYSICAL -ASTRONOMY, an account of the causes of the motions of the heavenly bodies; -PHYSICAL EDUCATION, training of the bodily powers by exercise; PHYSICAL -EXAMINATION, an examination of the bodily state of a person; PHYSICAL -FORCE, force applied outwardly to the body, as distinguished from -persuasion, &c.; PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, an account of the state of the earth -in its natural condition--its mountain-chains, ocean-currents, distribution -of plants and animals, conditions of climate, &c.; PHYSICAL TRUTH, the -agreement of thought with what exists in nature; PHYSICAL WORLD, the world -of matter. [Gr. _physikos_--_physis_, nature.] - -PHYSICS, fiz'iks, _n.pl._ used as _sing._ (_orig._) equivalent to PHYSICAL -SCIENCE--i.e. the science of the order of nature: usually sig. (as -distinguished from chemistry) the study of matter and the general -properties of matter as affected by energy or force--also called _Natural -philosophy_.--_ns._ PHYSICOLOG'IC, logic illustrated by physics; -PHYS'ICO-THEOL'OGY, theology illustrated by natural philosophy. [L. -_physica_--Gr. _physik[=e]_ (_the[=o]ria_, theory)--_physis_, nature.] - -PHYSIOCRACY, fiz-i-ok'r[=a]-si, _n._ the economic doctrine of the -physiocrats (Francois Quesnay, 1694-1744, and his followers), that society -should be governed by a natural order inherent in itself, land and its -products the only true source of wealth, direct taxation of land the only -proper source of revenue.--_n._ PHYS'IOCRAT, one who maintains these -opinions.--_adj._ PHYSIOCRAT'IC.--_n._ PHYSIOC'RATISM. [Gr. _physis_, -nature, _kratein_, to rule.] - -PHYSIOGENY, fiz-i-oj'e-ni, _n._ (_biol._) the genesis of function--also -PHYSIOGEN'ESIS.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGENET'IC, PHYSIOGEN'IC. - -PHYSIOGNOMY, fiz-i-og'n[=o]-mi, _n._ the art of judging the qualities of a -character from the external appearance, especially from the countenance: -expression of countenance: the face as an index of the mind: the general -appearance of anything.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGNOM'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -PHYSIOGNOM'ICALLY.--_n.sing._ PHYSIOGNOM'ICS (same as PHYSIOGNOMY).--_n._ -PHYSIOG'NOMIST. [For _physiognomony_--Gr. _physiogn[=o]monia_--_physis_, -nature, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, one who interprets--_gn[=o]nai_, to know.] - -PHYSIOGRAPHY, fiz-i-og'ra-fi, _n._ an exposition of the principles that -underlie physical geography, and including the elements of physical -science: an introduction to the study of nature: physical geography.--_n._ -PHYSIOG'RAPHER, one versed in physiography.--_adjs._ PHYSIOGRAPH'IC, -AL. -[Gr. _physis_, nature, _graphein_, to describe.] - -PHYSIOLATRY, fiz-i-ol'a-tri, _n._ nature-worship. - -PHYSIOLOGY, fiz-i-ol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the nature and processes -of life, of the vital phenomena of animals and plants and the functions of -their parts--a branch of biology.--_adjs._ PHYSIOLOG'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -PHYSIOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PHYSIOL'OGISE.--_n._ PHYSIOL'OGIST. [Gr. -_physis_, nature, _logos_, science.] - -PHYSIOMEDICALISM, fiz-i-[=o]-med'i-kal-izm, _n._ the system of treating -disease with only non-poisonous vegetable drugs.--_n._ PHYSIOMED'ICALIST. - -PHYSIQUE, fiz-[=e]k', _n._ the physical structure or natural constitution -of a person. [Fr.] - -PHYSITHEISM, fiz'i-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the ascribing of physical form and -attributes to deity.--_adj._ PHYSITHEIS'TIC. [Gr. _physis_, nature, -_theos_, God.] - -PHYSIURGIC, fiz-i-ur'jik, _adj._ produced by natural causes, without man's -intervention. - -PHYSNOMY, fiz'no-mi, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PHYSIOGNOMY. - -PHYSOCLISTOUS, f[=i]-s[=o]-klis'tus, _adj._ having no air-bladder, or -having it closed, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _kleistos_--_kleiein_, -to close.] - -PHYSOGRADE, f[=i]'s[=o]-gr[=a]d, _adj._ moving by a vesicular float. [Gr. -_physa_, bellows, L. _gradi_, to walk.] - -PHYSOPOD, f[=i]'s[=o]-pod, _adj._ with suckers on the feet. [Gr. _physa_, -bellows, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.] - -PHYSOSTIGMINE, f[=i]-s[=o]-stig'min, _n._ a poisonous alkaloid, the active -principle of the Calabar bean. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stigma_, stigma.] - -PHYSOSTOMOUS, f[=i]-sos't[=o]-mus, _adj._ having mouth and air-bladder -connected by an air-duct, as a fish. [Gr. _physa_, bellows, _stoma_, a -mouth.] - -PHYTOBRANCHIATE, f[=i]-t[=o]-brang'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having leafy gills. -[Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _brangchia_, gills.] - -PHYTOCHEMISTRY, f[=i]-t[=o]-kem'is-tri, _n._ the chemistry of plants--also -PHY'TOCHIMY.--_adj._ PHYTOCHEM'ICAL. - -PHYTOGENESIS, f[=i]-t[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the theory of the generation of -plants--also PHYTOG'ENY.--_adjs._ PHYTOGENET'IC, -AL. [Gr. _phyton_, a -plant, _genesis_, birth.] - -PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, f[=i]-t[=o]-je-og'ra-fi, _n._ the geographical distribution -of plants.--_adjs._ PHYTOGEOGRAPH'IC, -AL. - -PHYTOGLYPHY, f[=i]-tog'li-fi, _n._ the art of printing from nature, by -taking impressions from plants, &c., on soft metal, from which an -electrotype plate is taken.--_adj._ PHYTOGLYPH'IC. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, -_glyphein_, to engrave.] - -PHYTOGRAPHY, f[=i]-tog'raf-i, _n._ the department of botany relating to the -particular description of species of plants.--_n._ PHYTOG'RAPHER.--_adj._ -PHYTOGRAPH'ICAL. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _graphein_, to write.] - -PHYTOID, f[=i]'toid, _adj._ plant-like, esp. of animals and organs. [Gr. -_phyton_, a plant, _eidos_, form.] - -PHYTOLITHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-li-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of fossils -plants.--_n._ PHYTOLITHOL'OGIST. - -PHYTOLOGY, f[=i]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of plants, botany.--_adj._ -PHYTOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _logia_, -discourse.] - -PHYTONOMY, f[=i]-ton'[=o]-mi, _n._ the science of the origin and growth of -plants: botany. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _nomos_, a law.] - -PHYTOPATHOLOGY, f[=i]-t[=o]-p[=a]-thol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of the -diseases of plants.--_adj._ PHYTOPATHOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ PHYTOPATHOL'OGIST. - -PHYTOPHAGOUS, f[=i]-tof'a-gus, _adj._ feeding on plants--also -PHYTOPHAG'IC.--_ns._ PHYTOPH'AGAN; PHYTOPH'AGY. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, -_phagein_, to eat.] - -PHYTOSIS, f[=i]-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the presence of vegetable parasites, or the -diseases caused by them. - -PHYTOTOMY, f[=i]-tot'[=o]-mi, _n._ the dissection of plants.--_n._ -PHYTOT'OMIST.--_adj._ PHYTOT'OMOUS. [Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _tomos_, a -cutting--_temnein_, to cut.] - -PHYTOZOA, f[=i]-t[=o]-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ plant-like animals: animals which -more or less resemble plants in appearance and habits, such as sponges, -sea-anemones, &c.:--_sing._ PHYTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adj._ and _n._ PHYTOZ[=O]'AN. -[Gr. _phyton_, a plant, _z[=o]on_, an animal.] - -PI, PIE, p[=i], _n._ a mass of types confusedly mixed.--_v.t._ to reduce to -a mixed mass, or to a state of pi, as types. [Cf. _Pie_, a magpie, &c.] - -PIA, p[=e]'a, _n._ a perennial Polynesian herb, whose fleshy tubers yield -arrowroot. - -PIACERE, pia-ch[=a]'re, _n._ (_mus._) _a piacere_, at pleasure.--_adj._ -PIACEVOLE (pia-ch[=a]'v[=o]-le), pleasant, playful. [It.] - -PIACULAR, p[=i]-ak'[=u]-lar, _adj._ serving to appease, expiatory: -requiring expiation: atrociously bad.--_n._ PIACULAR'ITY. [L. _piaculum_, -sacrifice--_pi[=a]re_, expiate--_pius_, pious.] - -PIAFFE, pi-af', _v.i._ in horsemanship, to advance at a piaffer.--_n._ -PIAF'FER, a gait in which the feet are lifted in the same succession as the -trot, but more slowly.--Also _Spanish-walk_. [Fr. _piaffer_.] - -PIA MATER, p[=i]'a m[=a]'t[.e]r, _n._ the vascular membrane investing the -brain: (_Shak._) the brain. [L.] - -PIANOFORTE, pi-[:a]'no-f[=o]r't[=a], generally shortened to PIANO -(pi-an'[=o]), _n._ a musical instrument furnished with wires struck by -little hammers which are moved by keys, so as to produce both soft and -strong sounds.--_ns._ PIANETTE', a small piano; PIANINO -(p[=e]-a-n[=e]'n[=o]), an upright pianoforte; PIAN'ISM, the technique of -the pianoforte: arrangement of music for the pianoforte.--_adv._ -PIANIS'SIMO, very softly.--_n._ PIAN'IST, one who plays on the pianoforte, -or one well skilled in it.--_adv._ PI[:A]N'O (_mus._), softly.--_ns._ -PIAN'O-SCHOOL, a school where piano music is taught; PIAN'O-STOOL, a stool -on which the player sits at the piano.--BOUDOIR, or CABINET, PIANO, an -upright piano. [It., _piano_, soft--L. _planus_, plane, _forte_, strong--L. -_fortis_, strong.] - -PIARIST, p[=i]'ar-ist, _n._ one of a religious congregation for the -education of the poor, founded in Rome in 1617 by Joseph Calasanza. [L. -_pius_, pious.] - -PIASSAVA, pi-as'a-va, _n._ a coarse stiff fibre used for rope-making in -Brazil.--Also PIASS'ABA. [Port.] - -PIASTRE, PIASTER, pi-as't[.e]r, _n._ a silver coin of varying value, used -in Turkey and other countries: the Spanish dollar. [Fr.,--It. _piastra_.] - -PIAZZA, pi-az'a, _n._ a place or square surrounded by buildings: a walk -under a roof supported by pillars.--_adj._ PIAZZ'IAN. [It.,--L. _platea_, a -place.] - -PIBROCH, p[=e]'broh, _n._ a form of bagpipe music, generally of a warlike -character, including marches, dirges, &c. [Gael. _piobaireachd_, -pipe-music--_piobair_, a piper--piob, a _pipe_, _fear_, a man.] - -PICA, p[=i]'ka, _n._ a size of type smaller than _English_ and larger than -_Small pica_, equal to 12 points in the new system of sizes, about 6 lines -to the inch, used by printers as a standard unit of measurement for -thickness and length of leads, rules, borders, &c.--as 6-to-pica or -10-to-pica, according as 6 or 10 leads set together make a line of -pica.--DOUBLE PICA, a size equal to 2 lines of small pica; DOUBLE SMALL -PICA, a size of type giving about 3-1/3 lines to the inch; SMALL PICA, a -size smaller than pica and larger than long-primer, about 11 points; -TWO-LINE PICA, a size of about 3 lines to the inch, equal to 2 lines of -pica, or to 24 points. [_Pie_ (2).] - -PICA, p[=i]'ka, _n._ a magpie. [_Pie._] - -PICADOR, pik-a-d[=o]r', _n._ a horseman armed with a lance, who commences a -bull-fight by pricking the bull with his weapon. [Sp. _pica_, a pike.] - -PICAMAR, pik'a-m[:a]r, _n._ the bitter principle of tar. [L. _pix_, pitch, -_amarus_, bitter.] - -PICARD, pik'[:a]rd, _n._ a high shoe for men, introduced from France about -1720. - -PICAROON, pik-a-r[=oo]n', _n._ one who lives by his wits: a cheat: a -pirate.--_adj._ PICARESQUE'.--PICARESQUE NOVELS, the tales of Spanish rogue -and vagabond life, much in vogue in the 17th century. [Sp. -_picaron_--_p['i]caro_, a rogue.] - -PICAYUNE, pik-a-y[=oo]n', _n._ a small coin worth 6-1/4 cents, current in -United States before 1857, and known in different states by different names -(_fourpence_, _fippence_, _fip_, _sixpence_, &c.).--_adj._ petty. [Carib.] - -PICCADILLY, pik'a-dil-i, _n._ a standing-up collar with the points turned -over, first worn about 1870: a high collar worn in the time of James I.: an -edging of lace on a woman's broad collar (17th century). - -PICCALILLI, pik'a-lil-i, _n._ a pickle of various vegetable substances with -mustard and spices. - -PICCANINNY, PICKANINNY, pik'a-nin-i, _n._ a little child: an African or -negro child. [Perh. from Sp. _pequeno nino_='little child.'] - -PICCOLO, pik'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a flute of small size, having the same -compass as an ordinary flute, while the notes all sound an octave higher -than their notation.--Also _Flauto piccolo_, _Octave flute_, _Ottavino_. -[It.] - -PICE, p[=i]s, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a money of account and a copper coin, 1/4 -anna. [Marathi _paisa_.] - -PICEA, p[=i]'s[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of coniferous trees, including the -spruce. - -PICEOUS, pish'[=e]-us, _adj._ pitch-black. - -PICIFORM, pis'i-form, _adj._ like to, or relating to, the woodpecker. - -PICK, pik, _v.t._ to prick with a sharp-pointed instrument: to peck, as a -bird: to pierce: to open with a pointed instrument, as a lock: to pluck or -gather, as flowers, &c.: to separate or pull apart: to clean with the -teeth: to gather: to choose: to select: to call: to seek, as a quarrel: to -steal.--_v.i._ to do anything carefully: to eat by morsels.--_n._ any -sharp-pointed instrument, esp. for loosening and breaking up hard soil, -&c.: a picklock: foul matter collecting on printing-types, &c.: right or -opportunity of first choice.--_n._ PICK'-CHEESE, the blue titmouse: the -fruit of the mallow.--_adj._ PICKED (pikt), selected, hence the choicest or -best: having spines or prickles, sharp-pointed.--_ns._ PICK'EDNESS; -PICK'ER, one who picks or gathers up: one who removes defects from and -finishes electrotype plates: a pilferer; PICK'ING, the act of picking, -selecting, gathering, pilfering: that which is left to be picked: dabbing -in stone-working: the final finishing of woven fabrics by removing burs, -&c.: removing defects from electrotype plates; PICK'LOCK, an instrument for -picking or opening locks; PICK'-ME-UP, a stimulating drink; PICK'POCKET, -one who picks or steals from other people's pockets; PICK'-PURSE, one who -steals the purse or from the purse of another.--_adj._ PICK'SOME, given to -picking and choosing.--_n._ PICK'-THANK, an officious person who does what -he is not desired to do in order to gain favour: a flatterer: a -parasite.--_v.t._ to gain favour by unworthy means.--PICK A HOLE IN ONE'S -COAT, to find fault with one; PICK A QUARREL, to find an occasion of -quarrelling; PICK AT, to find fault with; PICK FAULT, to seek occasions of -fault-finding; PICK OAKUM, to make oakum by untwisting old ropes; PICK OFF, -to aim at and kill or wound, as with a rifle; PICK ONE'S WAY, to move -carefully; PICK OUT, to make out: to mark with spots of colour, &c.; PICK -TO PIECES, to tear asunder: to damage, as character; PICK UP, to improve -gradually: to gain strength bit by bit: to take into a vehicle, or into -one's company: to get as if by chance.--_adj._ gathered together by chance. -[Celt., as Gael. _pioc_, to pick, W. _pigo_; cf. _Pike_.] - -PICKABACK, pik'a-bak, _adv._ on the back like a pack.--Also PICK'BACK, -PICK'APACK. - -PICKAXE, pik'aks, _n._ a picking tool, with a point at one end of the head -and a cutting blade at the other, used in digging. [M. E. _pikois_--O. Fr. -_picois_, a mattock, _piquer_, to pierce, _pic_, a pick--Celt.] - -PICKEER, pi-k[=e]r', _v.i._ (_obs._) to act as a skirmisher.--_n._ -PICKEER'ER. - -PICKEREL, pik'e-rel, _n._ an American pike: a wading bird, the dunlin. -[_Pike_ + _er_ + _el_.] - -PICKET, pik'et, _n._ a pointed stake used in fortification: a small outpost -or guard stationed in front of an army: a number of men sent out by a -trades-union to prevent others from working against the wishes or decisions -of the union: a game at cards: a punishment inflicted by making a person -stand on one foot on a pointed stake.--_v.i._ to fasten to a stake, as a -horse: to post a vanguard: to place a picket at or near.--_ns._ -PICK'ET-FENCE, a fence of pickets or pales; PICK'ET-GUARD, a guard kept in -readiness in case of alarm. [Fr. _piquet_, dim. of _pic_, a pickaxe.] - -PICKLE, pik'l, _n._ a liquid of salt and water in which flesh and -vegetables are preserved: vinegar, &c., in which articles of food are -preserved: anything pickled: a disagreeable position: (_coll._) a -troublesome child.--_v.t._ to season or preserve with salt, vinegar, -&c.--_ns._ PICK'LE-HERR'ING, a pickled herring: (_obs._) a merry-andrew; -PICK'LE-WORM, the larva of a pyralid moth.--HAVE A ROD IN PICKLE, to have a -punishment ready. [M. E. _pikil_, prob. _pick-le_; Dut. _pekel_; Ger. -_p[:o]kel_.] - -PICKLE, pik'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a small quantity.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to eat -sparingly: to pilfer. - -PICKWICKIAN, pik-wik'i-an, _adj._ relating to or resembling Mr _Pickwick_, -the hero of Dickens's _Pickwick Papers_.--IN A PICKWICKIAN SENSE, in a -merely hypothetical sense--a phrase by which the members of the Pickwick -Club explained away unparliamentary language. - -PICNIC, pik'nik, _n._ a short excursion into the country by a -pleasure-party who take their own provisions with them: an entertainment in -the open air, towards which each person contributes.--_v.i._ to go on a -picnic:--_pr.p._ pic'nicking; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pic'nicked.--_n._ -PIC'NICKER. [Prob. _pick_, to nibble, and _nick_, for _knack_, a trifle.] - -PICOT, p[=e]-k[=o]', _n._ a loop in an ornamental edging, the front of a -flounce, &c.--_adj._ PICOTT['E]. [Fr.] - -PICOTEE, pik-[=o]-t[=e]', _n._ a florist's variety of carnation. [From the -French botanist _Picot_, Baron de la Peyrouse, 1744-1818.] - -PICQUET. Same as PIQUET. - -PICQU['E]-WORK, p[=e]-k[=a]'-wurk, _n._ decoration by dots or slight -depressions.--Also POUNCED-WORK. - -PICRA, pik'ra, _n._ a cathartic powder of aloes and canella. [Gr. _pikros_, -bitter.] - -PICRIC, pik'rik, _adj._ carbazotic.--_n._ PIC'R[=A]TE, a salt of picric -acid.--_adj._ PIC'R[=A]TED, mixed with a picrate as in a composition for a -whistling rocket.--_ns._ PIC'R[=I]TE, one of the peridotites or -olivine-rocks; PICROTOX'INE, a bitter poisonous principle in the seeds of -_Cocculus indicus_.--PICRIC ACID, an acid used as a dye for wool, &c. [Gr. -_pikros_, bitter.] - -PICT, pikt, _n._ one of an ancient race for 5-1/2 centuries (296-844 A.D.) -inhabiting eastern Scotland, from the Forth to the Pentland Firth, most -probably Celts, but more nearly allied to the Cymry than to the -Gael.--_adj._ PIC'TISH.--PICTISH TOWERS, a name sometimes given to brochs -(q.v.); PICTS' HOUSES, a name popularly given in many parts of Scotland to -rude underground dwellings or earth-houses; PICTS' WORK, a name sometimes -given to the Catrail, the remains of a large earthwork extending for about -fifty miles through the counties of Selkirk and Roxburgh. [L. _picti_, pl. -of pa.p. of _ping[)e]re_, _pictum_, to paint.] - -PICTURE, pik't[=u]r, _n._ a painting: a likeness in colours: a drawing: -painting: a resemblance: an image: a vivid verbal description.--_v.t._ to -paint, to represent by painting: to form a likeness of in the mind: to -describe vividly in words.--_n._ PIC'TOGRAPH, a picture or pictorial sign: -a piece of picture-writing.--_adj._ PICTOGRAPH'IC.--_n._ -PICTOG'RAPHY.--_adjs._ PICT[=O]'RIAL, PIC'T[=U]RAL, relating to pictures: -illustrated by pictures: consisting of pictures.--_adv._ -PICT[=O]'RIALLY.--_ns._ PIC'T[=U]RAL (_Spens._), a picture; PIC'TURE-BOOK, -a book of pictures; PIC'TURE-FRAME, a frame surrounding a picture; -PIC'TURE-GALL'ERY, a gallery, or large room, in which pictures are hung up -for exhibition; PIC'TURE-ROD, a rod running round the upper part of the -wall of a room, from which pictures are hung; PIC'TURE-WRIT'ING, the use of -pictures to express ideas or relate events. [L. _pictura_--_ping[)e]re_, -_pictum_, to paint.] - -PICTURESQUE, pik-t[=u]-resk', _adj._ like a picture: such as would make a -good or striking picture: expressing the pleasing beauty of a -picture.--_adv._ PICTURESQUE'LY.--_n._ PICTURESQUE'NESS. [It. -_pittoresco_--_pittura_, a picture--L. _pictura_.] - -PICUL, PECUL, pik'ul, _n._ a Chinese weight of about 133-1/3 lb. - -PICUS, p[=i]'kus, _n._ a Linnaean genus of woodpeckers. - -PIDDLE, pid'l, _v.i._ to deal in trifles: to trifle: to eat with little -relish: to make water.--_n._ PIDD'LER, a trifler.--_adj._ PIDD'LING, -trifling, squeamish. [_Peddle._] - -PIDDOCK, pid'ok, _n._ the pholas. - -PIDGIN-ENGLISH, pij'in-ing'glish, _n._ a mixture of corrupted English with -Chinese and other words, a sort of _lingua franca_ which grew up between -Chinese on the sea-board and foreigners, as a medium of intercommunication -in business transactions. [_Pidgin_, a Chinese corruption of _business_.] - -PIE, p[=i], _n._ a magpie: (_print._) type mixed or unsorted (cf. _Pi_). -[Fr.,--L. _pica_.] - -PIE, p[=i], _n._ a book which ordered the manner of performing divine -service: a service-book: an ordinal.--BY COCK AND PIE (_Shak._), a minced -oath=By God and the service-book. [Fr.,--L. _pica_, lit. magpie, from its -old black-letter type on white paper resembling the colours of the magpie.] - -PIE, p[=i], _n._ the smallest Indian copper coin, equal to 1/3 of a pice, -or 1/12 of an anna. [Marathi _p[=a]'[=i]_, a fourth.] - -PIE, p[=i], _n._ a quantity of meat or fruit baked within a crust of -prepared flour.--A FINGER IN THE PIE (see FINGER); HUMBLE-PIE (see HUMBLE); -MINCE-PIE (see MINCE); PERIGORD PIE, a pie flavoured with truffles, -abundant in _Perigord_ in France. [Perh. Ir. and Gael. _pighe_, pie.] - -PIEBALD, PYEBALD, p[=i]'bawld, _adj._ of various colours: having spots and -patches. [For _pie-balled_--_pie_, a magpie, W. _bal_, a streak on a -horse's forehead.] - -PIECE, p[=e]s, _n._ a part of anything: a single article: a definite -quantity, as of cloth or paper: an amount of work to be done at one time: a -separate performance: a literary or artistic composition: a gun: a coin: a -man in chess or draughts: a person, generally a woman, in contempt.--_v.t._ -to enlarge by adding a piece: to patch.--_v.i._ to unite by a joining of -parts: to join.--_n.pl_. PIECE'-GOODS, cotton, linen, woollen, or silk -fabrics sold retail in varying lengths.--_adj._ PIECE'LESS, not made of -pieces: entire.--_adv._ PIECE'MEAL, in pieces or fragments: by pieces: -little by little: bit by bit: gradually.--_adj._ made of pieces: single: -separate.--_ns._ PIEC'ENER, a piecer; PIEC'ENING, or PIEC'ING, the act of -mending, esp. the joining of the ends of yarn, thread, &c. so as to repair -breaks; PIEC'ER, a boy or girl employed in a spinning-factory to join -broken threads; PIECE'WORK, work done by the piece or quantity rather than -by time.--PI[`E]CE DE R['E]SISTANCE, principal piece: chief event or -performance: chief dish at a dinner; PIECE OF EIGHT, the Spanish _peso -duro_ ('hard dollar'), bearing the numeral 8, of the value of 8 reals -(prob. the sign $ is derived from this); PIECE OUT, to put together bit by -bit; PIECE UP, to patch up.--GIVE A PIECE OF ONE'S MIND, to give a rating -frankly to any one's face; OF A PIECE, as if of the same piece, the same in -nature, &c. [O. Fr. _piece_--Low L. _petium_, a piece of land--prob. L. -_pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] - -PIED, p[=i]d, _adj._ variegated like a magpie: of various colours: -spotted.--_n._ PIED'NESS. - -PIELED, p[=e]ld, _adj._ (_Shak._) peeled, bare, bald. - -PIEND, p[=e]nd, _n._ the sharp point or edge of a hammer: a salient angle. - -PIEPOWDER, p[=i]'pow-d[.e]r, _n._ an ancient court held in fairs and -markets to administer justice in a rough-and-ready way to all comers--also -_Court of Dusty Foot_.--_adj._ PIE'POWDERED, with dusty feet. [O. Fr. -_piepoudreux_, a hawker, _pied_--L. _pes_, a foot, _poudre_, powder.] - -PIER, p[=e]r, _n._ the mass of stone-work between the openings in the wall -of a building: an arch, bridge, &c.: a stone pillar on which the hinges of -a gate are fixed: a mass of stone or wood-work projecting into the sea for -landing purposes: a wharf.--_ns._ PIER'AGE, toll paid for using a pier; -PIER'-GLASS, a mirror hung in the space between windows; PIER'-T[=A]'BLE, a -table fitted for the space between two windows. [O. Fr. _pierre_, a -stone--L. _petra_--Gr. _petra_, a rock.] - -PIERCE, p[=e]rs, _v.t._ to thrust or make a hole through: to enter, or -force a way into: to touch or move deeply: to dive into, as a -secret.--_v.i._ to penetrate.--_adj._ PIERCE'ABLE, capable of being -pierced.--_n._ PIERC'ER, one who, or that which, pierces: any sharp -instrument used for piercing: a stiletto.--_adj._ PIERC'ING.--_adv._ -PIERC'INGLY.--_n._ PIERC'INGNESS. [O. Fr. _percer_, prob. -_pertuisier_--_pertuis_, a hole--L. _pertund[)e]re_, _pertusum_, to thrust -through.] - -PIERIAN, p[=i]-[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Muses.--_n._ PIER'IDES, -the nine Muses. [L. _Pierius_--Mt. _Pierus_, in Thessaly, the haunt of the -Muses.] - -PIERROT, pye-r[=o]', _n._ a buffoon with loose long-sleeved white robe: an -18th-century women's low-cut basque, with sleeves. [Fr.] - -PIET, p[=i]'et, _n._ a pie or magpie. [_Pie._] - -PIET[`A], p[=e]-[=a]-ta', _n._ a representation of the Virgin embracing the -dead body of Jesus. - -PIETRA-DURA, py[=a]'tra-d[=oo]'ra, _n._ Florentine mosaic-work, in which -the inlaid materials are hard stones--jasper, agate, &c. - -PIETY, p[=i]'e-ti, _n._ the quality of being pious: reverence for the -Deity, and desire to do His will: love and duty towards parents, friends, -or country: sense of duty: dutiful conduct.--_ns._ P[=I]'ETISM, the -doctrine and practice of the pietists; P[=I]'ETIST, one marked by strong -devotional feeling: a name first applied to a sect of German religious -reformers of deep devotional feeling (end of 17th century).--_adjs._ -PIETIST'IC, -AL. [Fr. _pi['e]t['e]_--L. _pietas_.] - -PIEZOMETER, p[=i]-e-zom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the -compressibility of liquids. [Gr. _piezein_, to press, _metron_, a measure.] - -PIFFERO, pif'e-r[=o], _n._ a form of oboe: an organ-stop. - -PIG, pig, _n._ a swine of either gender: an oblong mass of unforged metal, -as first extracted from the ore, so called because it is made to flow when -melted in channels called _pigs_, branching from a main channel called the -_sow_.--_v.i._ to bring forth pigs: to live together like pigs:--_pr.p._ -pig'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pigged.--_adjs._ PIG'-EYED, having small dull -eyes with heavy lids; PIG'-FACED, looking like a pig.--_n._ PIG'GERY, a -place where pigs are kept.--_adj._ PIG'GISH, belonging to or like pigs: -greedy, said of persons.--_n._ PIG'GISHNESS.--_adj._ PIG'HEADED, having a -large or ill-formed head: stupidly obstinate.--_ns._ PIG'HEADEDNESS; -PIG'-[=I]'RON, iron in pigs or rough bars; PIG'-LEAD, lead in pigs; -PIG'-NUT (same as EARTH-NUT); PIG'SCONCE, a pigheaded fellow: a blockhead; -PIG'SKIN, the skin of a pig prepared as a strong leather: a saddle; -PIG'-STY, a pen for keeping pigs; PIG'S'-WASH, swill; PIG'S'-WHIS'PER -(_slang_), a low whisper: a very short space of time; PIG'-TAIL, the tail -of a pig: the hair of the head tied behind in the form of a pig's tail: a -roll of twisted tobacco. [A.S. _pecg_; Dut. _bigge_, _big_.] - -PIG, pig, _n._ an earthen vessel. [_Piggin_.] - -PIGEON, pij'un, _n._ a well-known bird, the dove: any bird of the dove -family.--_adjs._ PIG'EON-BREAST'ED, having a physical deformity, due to -rickets, in which the chest is flattened from side to side, and the sternum -or breast-bone is thrown forward; PIG'EON-HEART'ED, timid: fearful.--_n._ -PIG'EON-HOLE, a hole or niche in which pigeons lodge in a dovecot: a -division of a case for papers, &c.--_v.t._ to put into a pigeon-hole: to -lay aside and treat with neglect.--_n._ PIG'EON-HOUSE, a dovecot.--_adj._ -PIG'EON-LIV'ERED, timid: cowardly.--_n._ PIG'EONRY, a place for keeping -pigeons.--_adj._ PIG'EON-TOED, having feet like pigeons, peristeropod: -having turned-in toes. [Fr.,--L. _pipio_, _-onis_--_pip[=i]re_, to chirp.] - -PIGGIN, pig'in, _n._ a small wooden or earthen vessel. [Gael. _pigean_, -dim. of _pigeadh_, or _pige_, a pot.] - -PIGHT, p[=i]t, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to place, to fix.--_adj._ placed, fixed, -determined. [_Pitch_, to place.] - -PIGMEAN, pig-m[=e]'an, _adj._ like a pygmy: very small. - -PIGMENT, pig'ment, _n._ paint: any substance used for colouring: that which -gives colour to animal and vegetable tissues.--_adjs._ PIGMENT'AL, -PIG'MENTARY.--_n._ PIG'MENT-CELL, a cell which secrets pigment. [L. -_pigmentum_--_ping[)e]re_, to paint.] - -PIGMY. Same as PYGMY. - -PIGNORATION, pig-n[=o]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ act of giving in pledge: (_law_) a -seizing and detaining of cattle straying and doing damage, till the damage -be made good. [L. _pignus_, _-oris_, a pledge.] - -PIKE, p[=i]k, _n._ a sharp point: a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp -head like a spear, formerly used by foot-soldiers: a sharp-pointed hill or -summit: a voracious fresh-water fish (so called from its pointed -snout).--_adj._ PIKED, ending in a point.--_ns._ PIKE'-HEAD, the head of a -pike or spear; PIKE'-KEEP'ER, the keeper of a turnpike; PIKE'LET, a -tea-cake; PIKE'MAN, a man armed with a pike: a man in charge of a turnpike -gate; PIKE'-PERCH, a common percoid fish; PIKE'STAFF, the staff or shaft of -a pike: a staff with a pike at the end. [A.S. _p['i]c_, _piic_, a pike; -Dut. _piek_, Ger. _pike_, _pieke_; or Celt., as Gael. _p[`i]c_, a pike, W. -_pig_, a point.] - -PIKE, p[=i]k, _v.i._ to go quickly.--_n._ a turnpike.--_n._ P[=I]'KER, a -tramp. - -PILA, p[=i]'la, _n._ in archaeology and art, a mortar. [L.] - -PILAR, p[=i]'lar, _adj._ hairy.--Also PIL'ARY. - -PILASTER, pi-las't[.e]r, _n._ a square column, partly built into, partly -projecting from a wall.--_adj._ PILAS'TERED, furnished with pilasters or -inserted pillars. [Fr. _pilastre_--It. _pilastro_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.] - -PILAU, pi-law', _n._ a dish, in origin purely Mohammedan, consisting of -meat or fowl, boiled along with rice and spices.--Also PILLAU', PILAW', -PILAFF', PILOW'. [Pers. _pil[=a]w_, _pilaw_.] - -PILCH, pilch, _n._ (_Shak._) a cloak or gown lined with furs: a flannel -cloth or wrap for a child.--_n._ PILCH'ER, one who wears a pilch: a -scabbard. [A.S. _pylce_--Low L. _pellicea_--L. _pellis_, skin.] - -PILCHARD, pil'ch[:a]rd, _n._ a sea-fish like the herring, but thicker and -rounder, caught chiefly on the Cornish coast. [Prob. Celt., Ir. _pilseir_.] - -PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ a roundish mass: a heap of separate objects: -combustibles, esp. for burning dead bodies: a large building: a heap of -shot or shell: (_elect._) a form of battery consisting of a number of -dissimilar metal plates laid in pairs one above another, with an acid -solution between them: (_slang_) a large amount of money: a -fortune.--_v.t._ to lay in a pile or heap: to collect in a mass: to heap -up: to fill above the brim.--_n._ P[=I]'LER, one who forms into a -heap.--PILE ARMS, to place three muskets with fixed bayonets so that the -butts remain firm, the muzzles close together pointing obliquely--also -_Stack arms_. [Fr.,--L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.] - -PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ a pillar: a large stake driven into the earth to support -foundations: a pyramidal figure in a heraldic bearing.--_v.t._ to drive -piles into.--_ns._ PILE'-DRIV'ER, PILE'-EN'GINE, an engine for driving down -piles; PILE'-DWELL'ING, a dwelling built on piles, a lake-dwelling; -PILE'WORK, work or foundations made of piles; PILE'-WORM, a worm found -eating into the timber of piles and ships: the teredo. [A.S. _p['i]l_--L. -_p[=i]la_, a pillar.] - -PILE, p[=i]l, _n._ hair, fur: the nap on cloth, esp. if regular and closely -set.--_v.t._ to furnish with pile, to make shaggy.--_adj._ PILE'-WORN, worn -threadbare. [O. Fr. _peil_, _poil_--L. _p[)i]lus_, a hair.] - -PILES, p[=i]lz, _n.pl._ haemorrhoids. [L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.] - -PILEUM, pil'[=e]-um, _n._ (_ornith._) the top of the head from the base of -the bill to the nape--including the forehead or front, the vertex or -corona, and the hindhead or occiput:--_pl._ PIL'[=E]A. - -PILEUS, pil'[=e]-us, _n._ a Roman conical cap: (_bot._) the summit of the -stipe bearing the hymenium in some fungi:--_pl._ PIL'EI (-[=i]).--_adjs._ -PIL'[=E]ATE, -D, fitted with a cap: having the form of a cap or hat; -PIL'[=E]IFORM.--_n._ PIL[=E]'OLUS, a little pileus:--_pl._ PIL[=E]'OLI. [L. -_pileatus_--_pileus_, a cap of felt.] - -PILE-WORT, p[=i]l'-wurt, _n._ a buttercup, the celandine. - -PILFER, pil'f[.e]r, _v.i._ to steal small things.--_v.t._ to steal by petty -theft.--_ns._ PIL'FERER; PIL'FERING, PIL'FERY, petty theft.--_adv._ -PIL'FERINGLY. [_Pelf._] - -PILGARLICK, pil-gar'lik, _n._ a low fellow--perh. because _pilled_ or made -bald by a shameful disease. - -PILGRIM, pil'grim, _n._ one who travels to a distance to visit a sacred -place: a wanderer: a traveller: a silk screen formerly attached to the back -of a woman's bonnet to protect the neck: (_slang_) a new-comer.--_adj._ of -or pertaining to a pilgrim: like a pilgrim: consisting of pilgrims.--_ns._ -PIL'GRIMAGE, the journey of a pilgrim: a journey to a shrine or other -sacred place: the time taken for a pilgrimage: the journey of life, a -lifetime; PIL'GRIM-BOTT'LE, a flat bottle holed at the neck for a -cord.--PILGRIM FATHERS, the colonists who went to America in the ship -_Mayflower_, and founded New England in 1620; PILGRIM'S SHELL, a -cockle-shell used as a sign that one had visited the Holy Land; PILGRIM'S -STAFF, a long staff which pilgrims carried as a sort of badge. [O. Fr. -_pelegrin_ (Fr. _p[`e]lerin_)--L. _peregrinus_, foreigner, -stranger--_pereger_, a traveller--_per_, through, _ager_, land.] - -PILIFORM, pil'i-form, _adj._ slender as a hair.--_adjs._ PILIF'EROUS, -PILIG'EROUS, bearing hairs. [L. _pilus_, a hair, _forma_, form.] - -PILING, p[=i]'ling, _n._ the act of piling up: the driving of piles: a -series of piles placed in order: pilework. - -PILKINS, pil'kinz, _n._ (_prov._) the naked oat, _Avena nuda_.--Also -PILL'AS, PILL'CORN. - -PILL, pil, _n._ a little ball of medicine: anything nauseous which must be -accepted: (_slang_) a doctor: a disagreeable person.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to -blackball.--_n._ PILL'-BOX, a box for holding pills: a kind of one-horse -carriage. [Fr. _pilule_--L. _pilula_, dim. of _p[)i]la_, a ball.] - -PILL, pil, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to strip, peel: to deprive of hair.--_n._ -(_Spens._) skin. [_Peel._] - -PILLAGE, pil'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) act of plundering: plunder: spoil, esp. -taken in war.--_v.t._ to plunder or spoil.--_v.t._ PILL, to rob or -plunder.--_n._ PILL'AGER. [O. Fr.,--_piller_--L. _pil[=a]re_, to plunder.] - -PILLAR, pil'ar, _n._ (_archit._) a detached support, differing from a -column in that it is not necessarily cylindrical, or of classical -proportions: one who, or anything that, sustains: something resembling a -pillar in appearance.--_adj._ PILL'ARED, supported by a pillar: having the -form of a pillar.--_ns._ PILL'AR-BOX, a short pillar in a street with -receptacle for letters to be sent by post; PILL'ARIST, PILL'AR-SAINT, a -person in the early church who crucified the flesh by living on the summit -of pillars in the open air, a stylite.--FROM PILLAR TO POST, from one state -of difficulty to another: hither and thither. [O. Fr. _piler_ (Fr. -_pilier_)--Low L. _pilare_--L. _p[=i]la_, a pillar.] - -PILLAU, pil-law', _n._ See PILAU. - -PILLICOCK, pil'i-kok, _n._ (_Shak._) a term of endearment. - -PILLION, pil'yun, _n._ a cushion for a woman behind a horseman: the cushion -of a saddle. [Ir. _pilliun_, Gael. _pillean_, a pad, a -pack-saddle--_peall_, a skin or mat, L. _pellis_, skin.] - -[Illustration] - -PILLORY, pil'o-ri, _n._ a wooden frame, supported by an upright pillar or -post, and having holes through which the head and hands of a criminal were -put as a punishment, disused in England since 1837.--_vs.t._ PILL'ORY, -PILL'ORISE, to punish in the pillory: to expose to ridicule:--_pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ pill'oried. [O. Fr. _pilori_; ety. dub.; Prov. _espitlori_--Low L. -_speculatorium_, a lookout--L. _specularia_, a window, _speculum_, a -mirror.] - -PILLOW, pil'[=o], _n._ a cushion filled with feathers, &c., for resting the -head on: any cushion: a block of metal for bearing the end of a shaft, or -the end of a bowsprit: the socket of a pivot.--_v.t._ to lay or rest on for -support.--_v.i._ to rest the head on a pillow.--_ns._ PILL'OW-BIER, -BEER, --CASE, -SLIP, a cover which can be drawn over a pillow; PILL'OW-CUP, a last -cup before going to bed.--_adjs._ PILL'OWED, supported by, or provided -with, a pillow; PILL'OWY, like a pillow: soft. [A.S. _pyle_--L. -_pulv[=i]nus_.] - -PILLWORM, pil'wurm, _n._ the millipede. - -PILOCARPUS, p[=i]-l[=o]-k[:a]r'pus, _n._ a shrub about four or five feet -high, slightly branched, the branches erect, a native of Brazil.--_n._ -PILOCAR'PINE, an alkaloid isolated from pilocarpus, with sudorific -properties. [Gr. _pilos_, a cap, _karpos_, fruit.] - -PILOSE, p[=i]'l[=o]s, _adj._ hairy--also P[=I]'LOUS.--_n._ PILOS'ITY. [L. -_pilosus_--_pilus_, hair.] - -PILOT, p[=i]'lut, _n._ the steersman of a ship: one who conducts ships in -and out of a harbour, along a dangerous coast, &c.: a guide.--_v.t._ to -conduct as a pilot: to direct through dangerous places.--_ns._ -P[=I]'LOTAGE, the skill of a pilot: the act of piloting: the fee or wages -of pilots; P[=I]'LOT-BOAT, a boat used by pilots for meeting or leaving -ships; P[=I]'LOT-CLOTH, a coarse, stout kind of cloth for overcoats; -P[=I]'LOT-EN'GINE, a locomotive engine sent on before a train to clear its -way, as a pilot; P[=I]'LOT-FISH, a fish of the mackerel family, so called -from its having been supposed to guide sharks to their prey; -P[=I]'LOT-FLAG, the flag hoisted at the fore by a vessel needing a pilot; -P[=I]'LOT-HOUSE, an enclosed place on deck to shelter the steering-gear and -the pilot--also _Wheel-house_; P[=I]'LOT-JACK'ET, a pea-jacket worn by -seamen; P[=I]'LOT-WHALE, the caaing-whale (q.v.). [Fr. _pilote_--Dut. -_piloot_, from _peilen_, to sound, _loot_ (Ger. _loth_, Eng. _lead_), a -sounding-lead.] - -PILULE, pil'[=u]l, _n._ a little pill--also PIL'ULA.--_adj._ PIL'ULAR, -pertaining to pills. - -PILUM, p[=i]'lum, _n._ the heavy javelin used by Roman -foot-soldiers:--_pl._ P[=I]'LA. [L.] - -PILUS, p[=i]'lus, _n._ one of the slender hairs on plants:--_pl._ P[=I]'LI. -[L.] - -PIMENTO, pi-men'to, _n._ allspice or Jamaica pepper: the tree producing -it.--Also PIMEN'TA. [Port. _pimenta_--L. _pigmentum_, paint.] - -PIMP, pimp, _n._ one who procures gratifications for the lust of others: a -pander.--_v.i._ to pander.--_adjs._ PIMP'ING, petty: mean; PIMP'-LIKE. [Fr. -_pimper_, a nasalised form of _piper_, to pipe, hence to cheat.] - -PIMPERNEL, pim'p[.e]r-nel, _n._ a plant of the primrose family, with -reddish flowers--also _Poor man's weather-glass_, _Red chickweed_.--_n._ -PIMPINEL'LA, a genus of umbelliferous plants--_anise_, _pimpernel_, -_breakstone_. [Fr. _pimprenelle_ (It. _pimpinella_), either a corr. of a L. -form _bipennula_, double-winged, dim. of _bi-pennis_--_bis_, twice, -_penna_, feather; or from a dim. of L. _pampinus_, a vine-leaf.] - -PIMPLE, pim'pl, _n._ a pustule: a small swelling.--_adjs._ PIM'PLED, -PIM'PLY, having pimples. [A.S. _pipel_, nasalised from L. _papula_, a -pustule.] - -PIN, pin, _n._ a piece of wood or of metal used for fastening things -together: a peg or nail: a sharp-pointed piece of wire with a rounded head -for fastening clothes: anything that holds parts together: a piece of wood -set up on end to be knocked down by a bowl, as in skittles: a peg used in -musical instruments for fastening the strings: anything of little -value.--_v.t._ to fasten with a pin: to fasten: to enclose: to seize and -hold fast:--_pr.p._ pin'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pinned.--_ns._ -PIN'-BUTT'OCK (_Shak._), a sharp, pointed buttock; PIN'CASE, PIN'CUSHION, a -case or cushion for holding pins; PIN'-FEATH'ER, a small or short -feather.--_adj._ PIN'-FEATH'ERED.--_ns._ PIN'-HOLD, a place where a pin is -fixed; PIN'-HOLE, a hole made by a pin: a very small opening; PIN'-MON'EY, -money allowed to a wife by her husband for private expenses, originally to -buy pins; PIN'NER, one who pins or fastens: a pin-maker: a pinafore: a -head-dress with a lappet flying loose; PIN'-POINT, the point of a pin: a -trifle; PIN'TAIL, a genus of ducks, one handsome species of which is a -winter visitor to many parts of the British coast.--_adj._ PIN'TAILED, -having a long, narrow tail.--_n._ PIN'-WHEEL, a contrate wheel in which the -cogs are pins set into the disc: a form of firework constructed to revolve -rapidly while burning.--_v.t._ PIN'WORK, to work flax-yarn on a wooden pin -so as to make it more supple for ease in packing.--PIN-FIRE CARTRIDGE, a -cartridge for breech-loading guns; PINS AND NEEDLES, a feeling as of -pricking under the skin, formication.--IN MERRY PIN, in a merry humour; ON -ONE'S PINS, on one's legs: in good condition. [M. E. _pinne_, like Ir. and -Gael. _pinne_, and Ger. _pinn_, from L. _pinna_ or _penna_, a feather.] - -PIN, pin, _n._ an induration of the membranes of the eye, cataract. [A.S. -_pinn_--Low L. _pannus_.] - -PINA-CLOTH, p[=e]'nya-kloth, _n._ a beautiful fabric made of the fibres of -the leaves of the pine-apple plant. - -PINAFORE, pin'a-f[=o]r, _n._ a loose covering of cotton or linen over a -child's dress. [_Pin_ + _afore_.] - -PINASTER, pi-nas't[.e]r, _n._ the cluster-pine. - -PINCE-NEZ, pangs'-n[=a], _n._ a pair of eye-glasses with a spring for -catching the nose. [Fr.] - -PINCERS. Same as PINCHERS. - -PINCH, pinsh, _v.t._ to grip hard: to squeeze between two hard or firm -substances: to squeeze the flesh so as to give pain: to nip: to distress: -to gripe.--_v.i._ to act with force: to bear or press hard: to live -sparingly.--_n._ a close compression with the fingers: what can be taken up -between the finger and thumb: an iron bar used as a lever for lifting -weights, rolling wheels, &c.: a gripe: distress: oppression.--_n._ -PINCH'COMMONS, a niggard, a miser.--_adj._ PINCHED, having the appearance -of being tightly squeezed: hard pressed by want or cold: narrowed in -size.--_ns._ PINCH'ER, one who, or that which, pinches; PINCH'ERS, -PIN'CERS, an instrument for gripping anything firmly, esp. for drawing out -nails, &c.; PINCH'FIST, PINCH'GUT PINCH'PENNY, a niggard.--_adv._ -PINCH'INGLY, in a pinching manner.--AT A PINCH, in a case of necessity; -KNOW WHERE THE SHOE PINCHES, to know where the cause of trouble or -difficulty is. [O. Fr. _pincer_; prob. Teut., cf. Dut. _pitsen_, to pinch.] - -PINCHBECK, pinsh'bek, _n._ a yellow alloy of five parts of copper to one of -zinc. [From Chris. PINCHBECK, an 18th-century London watchmaker.] - -PINDARI, PINDAREE, pin'dar-[=e], _n._ one of a band of freebooters who, -after the overthrow of the Mogul empire in India, grew (1804-17) to be a -formidable power in the Central Provinces. [Hind.] - -PINDARIC, pin-dar'ik, _adj._ after the manner of _Pindar_, one of the first -of Greek lyric poets.--_n._ an ode in imitation of one of Pindar's: an ode -of irregular metre.--_n._ PIN'DARISM, imitation of Pindar. - -PINDER, pin'd[.e]r, _n._ one who impounds stray cattle.--Also PIN'NER. -[A.S. _pyndan_, to shut up--_pund._ Cf. _Pen_, v., and _Pound_, to shut -up.] - -PINE, p[=i]n, _n._ a northern cone-bearing, evergreen, resinous tree, -furnishing valuable timber.--_adj._ PIN'EAL.--_ns._ PIN'EAL-GLAND, a -rounded body about the size of a pea, of a slightly yellowish colour, -situated upon the anterior pair of corpora quadrigemina, and connected with -the optic thalami by two strands of nerve fibres termed its peduncles; -PINE'-APP'LE, a tropical plant, and its fruit, shaped like a pine-cone; -PINE'-BARR'EN, a level sandy tract growing pines; PINE'-CH[=A]'FER, a -beetle which eats pine-leaves.--_adjs._ PINE'-CLAD, PINE'-CROWNED, clad or -crowned with pine-trees.--_ns._ PINE'-CONE, the cone or strobilus of a -pine-tree; PINE'-FINCH, a small fringilline bird of North America; -PINE'-HOUSE, a pinery; PINE'-NEED'LE, the circular leaf of the pine-tree; -PINE'-OIL, an oil obtained from the resinous exudations of pine and fir -trees; PIN'ERY, a place where pine-apples are raised: a pine forest; -PIN[=E]'TUM, a plantation of pine-trees: a collection of pine-trees for -ornamental purposes; PINE'-WOOD, a wood of pine-trees: pine timber; -PINE'-WOOL, a fibrous substance prepared from the leaves of the pine, and -used for flannels, hosiery, and blankets in hospitals.--_adjs._ P[=I]'NIC, -pertaining to, or obtained from, the pine: noting an acid consisting of the -portion of common resin soluble in cold alcohol; PINIC'OLINE, inhabiting -pine-woods; P[=I]'NY, P[=I]'NEY, abounding in pine-trees.--PINE-TREE MONEY, -silver money coined at Boston in the 17th century, and so called from the -coins bearing the rude figure of a pine-tree on one side. [A.S. -_p['i]n_,--L. _p[=i]nus_ (for _pic-nus_),--_pix_, _picis_, pitch.] - -PINE, p[=i]n, _v.i._ to waste away under pain or mental distress: to -languish with longing.--_v.t._ to grieve for: to bewail.--_n._ wasting -pain: weary suffering.--DONE TO PINE, starved to death. [A.S. _p['i]nian_, -to torment--L. _poena_, punishment.] - -PINFOLD, pin'f[=o]ld, _n._ a pound or enclosure for cattle.--_v.t._ to -impound. [For _pind-fold_=_pound-fold_.] - -PING, ping, _n._ the whistling sound of a bullet.--_v.i._ to produce such a -sound.--_n._ PING'-PONG, a kind of indoor lawn-tennis, played with -battledores or small rackets over a net on a table. [From the sounds made -by the strokes on the ball.] - -PINGLE, ping'gl, _v.i._ (_prov._) to eat with feeble appetite: to -dawdle.--_adj._ PING'LING, dawdling, feeble. - -PINGUID, ping'gwid, _adj._ fat.--_n._ PING'UITUDE. [L. _pinguis_, fat.] - -PINGUIN, pin'gwin, _n._ Same as PENGUIN. - -PINION, pin'yun, _n._ a wing: the joint of a wing most remote from the body -of the bird: a small wheel with 'leaves' or teeth working into -others.--_v.t._ to confine the wings of: to cut off the pinion: to confine -by binding the arms. [O. Fr. _pignon_--L. _pinna_ (=_penna_), wing. Cf. -_Pen_, n.] - -PINK, pingk, _n._ a boat with a narrow stern.--Also PINK'Y. [Dut.; Ger. -_pinke_.] - -PINK, pingk, _v.t._ to stab or pierce, esp. with a sword or rapier: to -decorate by cutting small holes or scallops.--_n._ a stab: an -eyelet.--_adj._ PINKED, pierced or worked with small holes.--_n._ -PINK'ING-[=I]'RON, a tool for pinking or scalloping. [Either through A.S. -_pyngan_, from L. _pung[)e]re_, to prick; or acc. to Skeat, a nasalised -form of _pick_.] - -PINK, pingk, _n._ a flower of any one of several plants of the genus -_Dianthus_--carnation, &c.: a shade of light-red colour like that of the -flower: a scarlet hunting-coat, also the person wearing such: the minnow, -from the colour of its abdomen in summer: any type or example of excellence -in its kind.--_adj._ of a pink colour.--_n._ PINK'INESS.--_adj._ PINK'ISH, -somewhat pink.--_n._ PINK'-ROOT, the root of the Carolina or Indian pink, a -common vermifuge.--PINK OF PERFECTION, the very highest state of -perfection: an example of highest perfection.--DUTCH PINK, a yellow lake -obtained from quercitron bark: (_slang_) blood. [Prob. a nasalised form of -Celt. _pic_, a point--from the finely notched edges of the petals.] - -PINK, pingk, _v.i._ to wink: to half-shut.--_n._ PINK'-EYE, a disease in -horses in which the eye turns somewhat red.--_adj._ PINK'-EYED, having pink -eyes like a rabbit: having small or half-shut eyes.--_adj._ PINK'Y, -winking. [Dut. _pinken_, to wink.] - -PINNA, pin'a, _n._ a single leaflet of a pinnate leaf: a wing, fin, or the -like: the auricle of the ear:--_pl._ PINN'AE.--_adjs._ PINN'ATE, -D, shaped -like a feather: furnished with wings or fins.--_adv._ PINN'ATELY.--_adjs._ -PINNAT'IFID, cut as a leaf, half-way down or more, with the divisions -narrow or acute; PINNAT'ISECT (_bot._), pinnately divided; PINN'IFORM, like -a feather or fin: pinnate; PINN'IGRADE, moving by fins--also _n._; -PINN'IPED, PINNAT'IPED, fin-footed, as a bird; PINN'[=U]LATE, -D.--_n._ -PINN'[=U]LE, one of the branchlets of a pinnate leaf: one of the lateral -divisions of the finger-like stalks of an encrinite--also -PINN'[=U]LA.--PINNATE LEAF, a compound leaf wherein a single petiole has -several leaflets attached to each side of it. [L. _pinna_, a feather, dim. -_pinnula_.] - -PINNACE, pin'[=a]s, _n._ a small vessel with oars and sails: a boat with -eight oars: a man-of-war's boat. [Fr. _pinasse_--It. _pinassa_--L. _pinus_, -a pine.] - -[Illustration] - -PINNACLE, pin'a-kl, _n._ a slender turret: a high point like a spire: the -highest point of a mountain, &c.--_v.t._ to build with pinnacles: to place -on a pinnacle. [Fr. _pinacle_--Low L. _pinna-culum_, double dim. from L. -_pinna_, a feather.] - -PINNER, pin'[.e]r. See PIN. - -PINNET, pin'et, _n._ (_Scott_) a pinnacle. - -PINNOCK, pin'ok, _n._ the hedge-sparrow. - -PINNOED, pin'[=o]d, _adj._ (_Spens._) pinioned. - -PINNY, PINNIE, pin'[=i], _n._ a pinafore. [_Pinafore._] - -PINNYWINKLE, pin'i-wingk-l, _n._ an ancient form of torture for the -fingers.--Also PINN'IEWINKLE, PIL'NIE-WINKS. [A corr. of _periwinkle_.] - -PINT, p[=i]nt, _n._ a measure of capacity=1/2 quart or 4 gills: (_med._) 12 -ounces.--_ns._ PINT'-POT, a pot for holding a pint, esp. a pewter pot for -beer: a seller or drinker of beer; PINT'-STOUP, a vessel for holding a -Scotch pint. [Fr. _pinte_--Sp. _pinta_, mark--L. _picta_, _ping[)e]re_, to -paint.] - -PINTADO, pin-t[:a]'do, _adj._ painted, spotted.--_n._ the guinea-fowl: -chintz, applied to all printed goods. - -PINTAIL, PIN-WHEEL. See PIN. - -PINTLE, pin'tl, _n._ a little pin: a long iron bolt: the bolt or pin on -which the rudder of a ship turns. [Dim. of _pin_.] - -PINXIT, pingk'sit, _v.i._ and _v.t._ he or she painted--used in noting the -painter of a picture, as Rubens _pinxit_. [L., 3d sing. perf. indic. of -_ping[)e]re_, to paint.] - -PIONED, p[=i]'[=o]-ned, _adj._ (_Shak._) overgrown with marsh-marigolds, -that flower being still called _peony_ around Stratford. - -PIONEER, p[=i]-[=o]-n[=e]r', _n._ one of a party of soldiers who clear the -road before an army, sink mines, &c.: one who goes before to prepare the -way for others.--_v.t._ to act as pioneer to.--_ns._ P[=I]'ONER (_Shak._), -a pioneer; P[=I]'ONING (_Spens._), the work of pioneers: military works. -[O. Fr. _peonier_ (Fr. _pionnier_)--pion, a foot-soldier--Low L. _pedo_, -_pedonis_, a foot-soldier--L. _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] - -PIOUS, p[=i]'us, _adj._ showing love, affection, or respect towards -parents: having reverence and love for the DEITY: proceeding from religious -feeling.--_adv._ P[=I]'OUSLY, in a pious manner.--_adj._ P[=I]'OUS-MIND'ED, -of a pious disposition. [Fr. _pieux_--L. _pius_.] - -PIP, pip, _n._ a disease of fowls--also called _Roup_. [Low L. _pipita_--L. -_pipuita_, rheum.] - -PIP, pip, _n._ the seed of fruit. [_Pippin_.] - -PIP, pip, _n._ one of the spots on dice or playing-cards. [Corr. of prov. -_pick_--Fr. _pique_, a spade, at cards.] - -PIP, pip, _v.t._ (_slang_) to blackball. - -PIP, pip, _v.i._ to chirp, as a young bird. - -PIPE, p[=i]p, _n._ a musical wind instrument consisting of a long tube: any -long tube: a tube of clay, &c., with a bowl at one end for smoking tobacco: -a pipeful: the note of a bird: a cask containing two hogsheads.--_v.i._ to -play upon a pipe: to whistle, to chirp: to make a shrill noise.--_v.t._ to -play on a pipe: to call with a pipe, as on board ships: to give forth -shrill notes: to supply with pipes, to convey by pipes.--_ns._ PIP'AGE, -conveyance or distribution by pipes; PIPE'-CASE, a box softly lined to -protect a pipe; PIPE'CLAY, a fine white plastic clay, very like kaolin, but -containing a larger percentage of silica, used for making tobacco-pipes and -fine earthenware.--_v.t._ to whiten with pipeclay: (_slang_) to blot out, -as accounts.--_adj._ PIPED (p[=i]pt), tubulous or fistulous.--_ns._ -PIPE'-FISH, a genus of fishes in the same order as the seahorse, having a -long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and -the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout, hence the name; -PIPE'-LAY'ER; PIPE'-LAY'ING, the laying down of pipes for gas, water, &c.; -PIPE'-OFF'ICE, formerly an office in the Court of Exchequer in which the -clerk of the pipe made out crown-land leases; PIP'ER; PIPE'-ROLL, a -pipe-like roll, the earliest among the records of the Exchequer; -PIPE'-ST[=A]'PLE, the stalk of a tobacco-pipe: a stalk of grass; -PIPE'-STICK, the wooden tube used as the stem of some tobacco-pipes; -PIPE'-TONGS, an implement for holding or turning metal pipes or -pipe-fittings; PIPE'-TREE, the lilac; PIPE'-WINE (_Shak._), wine drawn from -the cask, as distinguished from bottled wine; PIPE'-WRENCH, a wrench with -one movable jaw, both so shaped as to bite together when placed on a pipe -and rotated round it.--PIPE DOWN, to dismiss from muster, as a ship's -company; PIPE OFF, to watch a house or person for purposes of theft; PIPE -ONE'S EYE, to weep.--DRUNK AS A PIPER, very drunk; PAY THE PIPER, to bear -the expense. [A.S. _p['i]pe_; Dut. _pijp_, Ger. _pfeife_.] - -PIPERACEOUS, pip-e-r[=a]'shi-us, _adj._ pertaining to the PIPER[=A]'CEAE, -the pepper family.--_adj._ PIPER'IC, produced from such plants.--_n._ -PIP'ERINE, an alkaloid found in pepper. [L. _piper_, pepper.] - -PIPETTE, pi-pet', _n._ a small tube for removing small portions of a fluid -from one vessel to another. [Fr.] - -PIPI, p[=e]'p[=e], _n._ the astringent pods of _Caesalpinia pipai_, a -Brazilian plant used in tanning. - -PIPING, p[=i]'ping, _adj._ uttering a weak, shrill, piping sound, like the -sick: sickly: feeble: boiling.--_n._ act of piping: sound of pipes: a -system of pipes for any purpose: small cord used as trimming for dresses, -&c.: a slip or cutting taken from a plant with a jointed stem. - -PIPISTREL, PIPISTRELLE, pip-is-trel', _n._ a small reddish-brown bat. [Fr.] - -PIPIT, pip'it, _n._ a genus of birds resembling larks in plumage and -wagtails in habits, the most common British species being the titlark. - -PIPKIN, pip'kin, _n._ a small earthen pot. [_Pipe_.] - -PIPPIN, pip'in, _n._ a kind of apple. [O. Fr. _pepin_--L. _pepo_--Gr. -_pep[=o]n_, a melon.] - -PIPUL, pip'ul, _n._ the sacred fig-tree.--Also PIP'AL, PIPP'UL-TREE, -PEEP'UL-TREE. [Hind.] - -PIPY, p[=i]'pi, _adj._ like a pipe: tubular. - -PIQUANT, p[=e]'kant, _adj._ stimulating to the taste: of a lively -spark.--_n._ PIQ'UANCY.--_adv._ PIQ'UANTLY. [Fr. _piquant_, pr.p. of -_piquer_, to prick.] - -PIQUE, p[=e]k, _n._ an offence taken: a feeling of anger or vexation caused -by wounded pride: spite: nicety: punctilio.--_v.t._ to wound the pride of: -to offend: to pride or value (one's self):--_pr.p._ piq'uing; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ piqued. [Fr. _pique_, a pike, pique; cf. _Pick_ and _Pike_.] - -PIQU['E], p[=e]-k[=a]', _n._ a heavy cotton fabric having a surface corded -or with a raised lozenge pattern: a similar pattern produced by quilting -with the needle.--_n._ PIQU['E]-WORK. [Fr.] - -PIQUET. Same as PICKET. - -PIQUET, pi-ket', _n._ a game at cards.--_n._ PIQUE, in piquet, the scoring -of 30 points in one hand before the other side scores at all. [_Picket_.] - -PIRAGUA, pi-r[:a]'gw[:a]. Same as PERIAGUA. - -PIRATE, p[=i]'r[=a]t, _n._ one who, without authority, attempts to capture -ships at sea: a sea-robber: an armed vessel which, without legal right, -plunders other vessels at sea: one who steals or infringes a -copyright.--_v.t._ to rob at sea: to take without permission, as books or -writings.--_n._ P[=I]'RACY, the crime of a pirate: robbery on the high -seas: infringement of copyright.--_adjs._ PIRAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to a -pirate: practising piracy.--_adv._ PIRAT'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L. _pirata_--Gr. -_peirat[=e]s_--_peiraein_, to attempt.] - -PIRIFORM, pir'i-form, _adj._ pear-shaped. - -PIRN, pirn, _n._ anything that revolves or twists: a reel, bobbin, &c.: the -amount of thread wound on a shuttle or reel. - -PIRNIE, pir'ni, _n._ (_Scot._) a striped woollen nightcap. - -PIROGUE, pi-r[=o]g'. See PERIAGUA. - -PIROUETTE, pir-[=oo]-et', _n._ a wheeling about, esp. in dancing: the -whirling round of a horse on the same ground.--_v.i._ to execute a -pirouette. [Fr.] - -PISCES, pis'[=e]z, _n._ the Fishes, the twelfth sign of the zodiac.--_ns._ -PIS'CARY, right of fishing in another man's waters; PISCATOL'OGY, the -scientific study of fishes; PISC[=A]'TOR, an angler:--_fem._ -PISC[=A]'TRIX.--_adj._ PISCAT[=O]'RIAL, relating to fishes or fishing: fond -of fishing--also PIS'CATORY.--_n._ PIS'CICAPTURE, the taking of -fish.--_adjs._ PISCIC'OLOUS, parasitic upon fishes; PISCICUL'TURAL, -pertaining to pisciculture.--_ns._ PIS'CICULTURE, the rearing of fish by -artificial methods; PIS'CICULTURIST, a fish-culturist.--_adjs._ PIS'CIFORM, -in shape like a fish: having the form of a fish; PIS'CINE, pertaining to -fishes; PISCIV'OROUS, feeding on fishes. [L. _piscis_, a fish.] - -[Illustration] - -PISCINA, pis-[=i]'na, _n._ a basin or tank, esp. one for holding fishes or -for growing water-plants: a fish-pond: (_archit._) a basin or sink on the -south side of the altar in old churches, into which is emptied water used -in washing any of the sacred vessels.--_adj._ PIS'CINAL, belonging to a -fish-pond. [L., a fish-pond, a cistern--_piscis_, a fish.] - -PIS['E], p[=e]-z[=a]', _n._ stiff earth or clay rammed down to form walls -or floors. [Fr.] - -PISH, pish, _interj._ expressing contempt. [Imit.] - -PISIFORM, p[=i]'si-form, _adj_. pea-shaped. [L. _pisum_, pea, _forma_, -shape.] - -PISMIRE, pis'm[=i]r, _n._ an ant or emmet. [_Piss_, from the strong smell -of the ant-hill, A.S. _mire_, ant.] - -PISOLITE, p[=i]'s[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a coarse oolite or concretionary -limestone in large globules.--_adj._ PISOLIT'IC. [Gr. _pisos_, pea, -_lithos_, stone.] - -PISS, pis, _v.i._ to discharge urine or make water.--_ns._ PISS'-A-BED -(_prov._), the dandelion; PISS'ASPHALT, PIS'OPHALT, a variety of bitumen; -PISS'-POT, a chamber-pot. [Fr. _pisser_; imit.] - -PISTACHIO, pis-t[=a]'shi-[=o], _n._ the almond-flavoured pistachio-nut, the -fruit of the PIST[=A]'CHIA, a small genus of trees of the cashew family, -native to western Asia. [It.,--L. _pistacium_--Gr. _pistakion_--Pers. -_pist[=a]_.] - -PISTAREEN, pis-ta-r[=e]n', _n._ in West Indies, the peseta. - -PISTIL, pis'til, _n._ (_bot._) the female organ in the centre of a flower, -consisting of three parts--_ovary_, _style_, and _stigma_.--_adjs._ -PISTILL[=A]'CEOUS, PIS'TILLARY, growing on a pistil: pertaining to, or -having the nature of, a pistil; PIS'TILL[=A]TE, having a pistil: having a -pistil only; PISTILLIF'EROUS, bearing a pistil without stamens. [Fr.,--L. -_pistillum_, a pestle.] - -PISTOL, pis'tol, _n._ a small hand-gun, held in one hand when -fired.--_v.t._ to shoot with a pistol.--_ns._ PISTOLEER', one armed with a -pistol; PIS'TOLET, a little pistol; PIS'TOL-SHOT. [O. Fr. _pistole_--It. -_pistola_, said to be from _Pistoja_ (orig. _Pistola_), a town in Italy.] - -PISTOLE, pis't[=o]l, _n._ a Spanish gold coin=about 16 shillings. [Same as -above.] - -PISTON, pis'tun, _n._ a circular plate of metal, or other material, used in -pumps, steam-engines, &c., fitting and moving up and down within a tube or -hollow cylinder.--_n._ PIS'TON-ROD, the rod to which the piston is fixed, -and which moves up and down with it. [Fr.,--It. _pistone_--_pesto_, to -pound--L. _pins[)e]re_, _pistum_.] - -PIT, pit, _n._ a hole in the earth: a place whence minerals are dug: the -bottomless pit: the grave: the abode of evil spirits: a hole used as a trap -for wild beasts: the hollow of the stomach, or that under the arm at the -shoulder: the indentation left by smallpox: the ground-floor of a theatre: -an enclosure in which cocks fight: the shaft of a mine.--_v.t._ to mark -with little hollows: to lay in a pit: to set in competition:--_pr.p._ -pit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pit'ted.--_ns._ PIT'-COAL, coal dug from a -pit--not _charcoal_; PIT'-FRAME, the framework round a mine-shaft; -PIT'-HEAD, the ground at the mouth of a pit, and the machinery, &c., on it; -PIT'MAN, a man who works in a coal-pit or a saw-pit, esp. the man who works -the pumping machinery in the shaft of a mine: (_mach._) a rod connecting a -rotary with a reciprocating part.--_adj._ PIT'TED, marked with small -pits.--_ns._ PIT'TING, the act of digging, or of placing in, a pit: a group -of pit-marks: a corrosion of the inside of steam-boilers, &c.; -PIT'-VILL'AGE, a group of miners' houses near a pit. [A.S. _pyt_, -_pytt_--L. _puteus_, a well.] - -PITAKA, pit'a-ka, _n._ a collection of Buddhist scriptures, as made in -Tibet. [Sans., 'basket.'] - -PITAPAT, pit'a-pat, _adv._ with palpitation or quick beating.--_adj._ -fluttering.--_n._ a light, quick step: a succession of light taps.--_v.i._ -to step or tread quickly. - -PITCH, pich, _n._ the solid black shining substance obtained by boiling -down common tar.--_v.t._ to smear with pitch.--_adjs._ PITCH'-BLACK, -PITCH'-DARK, dark as pitch: very dark.--_ns._ PITCH'-BLENDE, a black oxide -of uranium; PITCH'-COAL, a kind of bituminous coal: jet; PITCH'INESS, state -or quality of being pitchy; PITCH'-PINE, a kind of pine which yields pitch, -and is much used in America as fuel; PITCH'-PLAS'TER, a plaster of Burgundy -or white pitch; PITCH'-STONE, an old volcanic-like hardened pitch; -PITCH'-TREE, the kauri pine, the Amboyna pine, or the Norway -spruce.--_adj._ PITCH'Y, having the qualities of pitch: smeared with pitch: -black like pitch: dark: dismal. [A.S. _pic_--L. _pix_, _pic-is_.] - -PITCH, pich, _v.t._ to thrust or fix in the ground: to fix or set in array: -to fix the rate or price: to fling or throw: (_mus._) to set the keynote -of.--_v.i._ to settle, as something pitched: to come to rest from flight: -to fall headlong: to fix the choice: to encamp: to rise and fall, as a -ship.--_n._ a throw or cast from the hand: any point or degree of elevation -or depression: degree: degree of slope: a descent: the height of a note in -speaking or in music: (_mech._) distance between the centres of two teeth -in a wheel or a saw, or between the threads of a screw measured parallel to -the axis.--_ns._ PITCHED'-BATT'LE, a battle in which the contending parties -have fixed positions: a battle previously arranged for on both sides; -PITCH'ER; PITCH'-FAR'THING, chuck-farthing; PITCH'FORK, a fork for pitching -hay, &c.: a tuning-fork.--_v.t._ to lift with a pitchfork: to throw -suddenly into any position.--_ns._ PITCH'ING, the act of throwing: a facing -of stone along a bank to protect against the action of water; PITCH'PIPE, a -small pipe to pitch the voice or tune with.--PITCH AND PAY (_Shak._), pay -down at once, pay ready-money; PITCH AND TOSS, a game in which coins are -thrown at a mark, the person who throws nearest having the right of -_tossing_ all the coins, and keeping those which come down head uppermost; -PITCH IN, to begin briskly; PITCH INTO, to assault. [A form of _pick_.] - -PITCHER, pich'[.e]r, _n._ a vessel for holding water, &c.--_n._ -PITCH'ER-PLANT, a plant with leaves shaped like a pitcher or -ascidium--_Nepenthes_, &c.--PITCHERS HAVE EARS, there may be listeners. [O. -Fr. _picher_--Low L. _picarium_, a goblet--Gr. _b[=i]kos_, a wine-vessel, -an Eastern word.] - -PITEOUS, pit'e-us, _adj._ showing or feeling pity: fitted to excite pity: -mournful: compassionate: paltry.--_adv._ PIT'EOUSLY.--_n._ PIT'EOUSNESS. -[O. Fr. _pitos_, _piteus_. Cf. _Pity_.] - -PITFALL, pit'fawl, _n._ a pit slightly covered, so that wild beasts may -fall into it: any concealed danger. - -PITH, pith, _n._ the marrow or soft substance in the centre of the stems of -dicotyledonous plants: force or energy: importance: condensed substance: -quintessence.--_n._ PITH'-BALL, a pellet of pith.--_adv._ PITH'ILY.--_n._ -PITH'INESS.--_adj._ PITH'LESS, wanting pith, force, or energy.--_n._ -PITH'-P[=A]'PER, a thin sheet cut from pith for paper: rice-paper.--_adj._ -PITH'Y, full of pith: forcible: strong: energetic. [A.S. _pitha_; Dut. -_pit_, marrow.] - -PITHECUS, pi-th[=e]'kus, _n._ a name formerly used by zoologists for -various groups of apes and monkeys.--_ns._ PITHECANTHR[=O]'PI, hypothetical -ape-men; PITH[=E]'CIA, the genus of South American monkeys which includes -the _Sakis_ and allied species.--_adj._ PITH[=E]'COID. [L.,--Gr. -_pith[=e]kos_, an ape.] - -PITHOS, pith'os, _n._ a large spheroid Greek earthenware vase. [Gr.] - -PIT-MIRK, pit'-m[.e]rk, _adj._ (_Scot._) dark as pitch. - -PITRI, pit'r[=e], _n.pl._ the deceased ancestors of a man: in Hindu -mythology, an order of divine beings inhabiting celestial regions of their -own, and receiving into their society the spirits of those mortals for whom -funeral rites have been duly performed. [Sans., 'father,' pl. _pitaras_.] - -PITSAW, pit'saw, _n._ a large saw for cutting timber, worked by the -_pit-sawyer_ in the pit below the log and the _top-sawyer_ on the log. - -PITTACAL, pit'a-kal, _n._ a blue substance obtained from wood-tar oil and -used in dyeing. [Gr. _pitta_, pitch, _kalos_, beautiful.] - -PITTANCE, pit'ans, _n._ an allowance of food or drink: a dole: a very small -portion or quantity. [Fr. _pitance_, an allowance of food in a -monastery--Low L. _pietantea_--L. _pietas_, pity.] - -PITUITARY, pit'[=u]-i-t[=a]-ri, _adj._ mucous--also PIT'[=U]ITAL, -PIT'[=U]ITOUS.--_ns._ PIT[=U][=I]'TA, PIT'UITE, phlegm.--PITUITARY BODY, a -rounded body of the size of a small bean, situated in the sella turcica in -the sphenoid bone on the floor of the cavity of the skull. [L. -_pituitarius_--_pituita_, mucus.] - -PITY, pit'i, _n._ a strong feeling for or with the sufferings of others: -sympathy with distress: a cause or source of pity or grief.--_v.t._ to feel -pity with: to sympathise with:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pit'ied.--_adj._ -PIT'IABLE, deserving pity: affecting: wretched.--_n._ -PIT'IABLENESS.--_adv._ PIT'IABLY.--_n._ PIT'IER, one who pities.--_adj._ -PIT'IFUL, feeling pity: compassionate: exciting pity: sad: -despicable.--_adv._ PIT'IFULLY.--_n._ PIT'IFULNESS.--_adj._ PIT'ILESS, -without pity: cruel.--_adv._ PIT'ILESSLY.--_n._ PIT'ILESSNESS.--_adv._ -PIT'YINGLY, in a pitying manner.--IT PITIETH ME, YOU, THEM, &c. (_Pr. -Bk._), it causeth pity in me, you, them, &c. [O. Fr. _pite_ (Fr. -_piti['e]_, It. _piet[`a]_)--L. _pietas_, _pietatis_--_pius_, pious.] - -PITYRIASIS, pit-i-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ the term given to certain of the -squamous or scaly diseases of the skin, in which there is a continual -throwing off of bran-like scales of epidermis.--_adj._ PIT'YROID, -bran-like. [Gr. _pityron_, bran.] - -PI[`U], p[=u], _adv._ more.--PI[`U] ALLEGRO, quicker. [It.] - -PIVOT, piv'ut, _n._ the pin on which anything turns: the officer or soldier -at the flank upon whom a company wheels: that on which anything depends or -turns.--_adj._ PIV'OTAL, of the nature of a pivot: acting as a pivot.--_n._ -PIV'OT-BRIDGE, a form of swing-bridge moving on a vertical pivot.--_adj._ -PIV'OTED, furnished with a pivot or pivots.--_ns._ PIV'OT-GEAR'ING, a -system of gearing permitting the driving-shaft to be swivelled so as to set -the machine in any direction with relation to the power; PIV'OT-GUN, a gun -mounted on a pivot, so as to be able to turn in any direction; PIV'OTING, -the pivot-work in machines; PIV'OT-MAN, the soldier or officer who acts as -a pivot (see PIVOT). [Fr. dim. of It. _piva_, a pipe, a peg, a pin--Low L. -_pipa_.] - -PIX, piks, _n._ Same as PYX. - -PIXY, PIXIE, pik'si, _n._ a small Devonshire fairy.--_adj._ PIX'Y-LED, -bewildered.--_ns._ PIX'Y-RING, a fairy-ring, a well-marked ring of a -different kind of grass, common on meadows and heaths; PIX'Y-STOOL, a -toadstool or mushroom. [_Puck_.] - -PIZE, p[=i]z, _n._ a term used in execration, like _pox_. - -PIZZICATO, pit-si-k[:a]'to, _adj._ a phrase used in music for the violin or -violoncello, to denote that here the strings are to be twitched with the -fingers in the manner of a harp or guitar. [It.,--_pizzicare_, to twitch.] - -PIZZLE, piz'l, _n._ the penis of an animal, as a bull. [Low Ger. _pesel_.] - -PLACABLE, pl[=a]'ka-bl, or plak'a-bl, _adj._ that may be appeased: -relenting: willing to forgive.--_ns._ PLACABIL'ITY, -PL[=A]'CABLENESS.--_adv._ PL[=A]'CABLY.--_v.t._ PL[=A]'C[=A]TE, to -conciliate.--_n._ PLAC[=A]'TION, propitiation.--_adj._ PL[=A]'CATORY, -conciliatory. [L. _placabilis_--_plac[=a]re_, to appease, akin to -_plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLACARD, plak'[:a]rd, or pl[=a]-k[:a]rd', _n._ a written or printed paper -stuck upon a wall as an advertisement, &c.: a public proclamation: the -woodwork and frame of the door of a closet and the like.--_v.t._ PLACARD -(pl[=a]-k[:a]rd', or plak'[:a]rd), to publish or notify by placards. [Fr. -_placard_, a bill stuck on a wall--_plaque_, plate, tablet; acc. to Diez, -from Dut. _plak_, a piece of flat wood.] - -PLACCATE, plak'[=a]t, _n._ See PLACKET. - -PLACE, pl[=a]s, _n._ a broad way in a city: an open space used for a -particular purpose: a particular locality: a town: room to dwell, sit, or -stand in: the position held by anybody, employment, office, a situation: a -mansion with its grounds: proper position or dignity, priority in such: -stead: passage in a book: a topic, matter of discourse: in sporting -contests, position among the first three.--_v.t._ to put in any place or -condition: to find a home for: to settle: to lend: invest: to -ascribe.--_n._ PLACE'-HUNT'ER, one who seeks eagerly official position or -public office.--_adj._ PLACE'LESS, without place or office.--_ns._ -PLACE'MAN, one who has a place or office under a government:--_pl._ -PLACE'MEN; PLACE'MENT, placing or setting; PLACE'-MONG'ER, one who traffics -in appointments to places; PLACE'-NAME, the name of a place or locality: a -local name; PLAC'ER.--GIVE PLACE, to make room, to yield; HAVE PLACE, to -have existence; IN PLACE, in position: opportune; OUT OF PLACE, -inappropriate, unseasonable; TAKE PLACE, to come to pass: to take -precedence of. [Fr.,--L. _platea_, a broad street--Gr. _plateia_, a -street--_platys_, broad.] - -PLACEBO, pl[=a]-s[=e]'bo, _n._ in the R.C. service of vespers for the dead -the name of the first antiphon, which begins with the word: a medicine -given to humour or gratify a patient rather than to exercise any curative -effect. [L., 'I will please'--_plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLACENTA, pla-sen'ta, _n._ the structure which unites the unborn mammal to -the womb of its mother and establishes a nutritive connection between them: -(_bot._) the portion of the ovary which bears the ovules:--_pl._ -PLACEN'TAE.--_adj._ PLACEN'TAL.--_n.pl._ PLACENT[=A]'LIA, placental -mammals.--_adjs._ PLACENT[=A]'LIAN; PLACEN'TARY, pertaining to, or having, -a placenta.--_n._ a mammal having a placenta.--_adjs._ PLACEN'TATE, -PLACENTIF'EROUS.--_ns._ PLACENT[=A]'TION, the mode in which the placenta is -formed and attached to the womb; PLACENT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the -placenta. [L., a flat cake, akin to Gr. _plakous_, a flat cake, from -_plax_, _plak-os_, anything flat.] - -PLACER, plas'er, _n._ a place where the superficial detritus is washed for -gold, &c.: hence any place holding treasures. [Sp.] - -PLACET, pl[=a]'set, _n._ a vote of assent in a governing body: permission -given, esp. by a sovereign, to publish and carry out an ecclesiastical -order, as a papal bull or edict. [L., 'it pleases,' 3d sing. pres. indic. -of _plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLACID, plas'id, _adj._ gentle: peaceful.--_ns._ PLACID'ITY, -PLAC'IDNESS.--_adv._ PLAC'IDLY. [Fr.,--L. _placidus_--_plac[=e]re_, to -please.] - -PLACITORY, plas'i-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ of or relating to pleas or pleading in -courts of law. - -PLACITUM, plas'i-tum, _n._ a public assembly in the Middle Ages, presided -over by the sovereign, to consult on affairs of state: a resolution of such -an assembly:--_pl._ PLAC'ITA. [L., from _plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLACK, plak, _n._ a small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, equal -in value to the third part of an English penny.--_adj._ PLACK'LESS, -penniless. [O. Fr. _plaque_, a plate.] - -PLACKET, plak'et, _n._ (_Shak._) the slit in a petticoat: a -petticoat--hence, a woman: a placcate or additional plate of steel on the -lower half of the breast-plate, or back-plate: a leather jacket -strengthened with strips of steel. [Fr. _plaquet_--_plaquer_, to clap on.] - -PLACODERM, plak'o-d[.e]rm, _adj._ noting an order of fossil fishes having -their skin covered with bony plates. [Gr. _plax_, _plakos_, anything flat, -_derma_, skin.] - -PLACOID, plak'oid, _adj._ plate-like.--PLACOID FISHES, an order of fishes -having placoid scales, irregular plates of hard bone, not imbricated, but -placed near together in the skin. [Gr. _plax_, _plakos_, anything flat and -broad, _eidos_, form.] - -PLACULA, plak'[=u]-la, _n._ a little plate or plaque.--_adjs._ PLAC'ULAR, -PLAC'UL[=A]TE. - -PLAFOND, pla-fond', _n._ the ceiling of a room, any soffit. [Fr.] - -PLAGAL, pl[=a]'gal, _adj._ in Gregorian music, denoting a mode or melody in -which the final is in the middle of the compass instead of at the -bottom--opp. to _Authentic_. [Gr. _plagios_, sidewise--_plagos_, a side.] - -PLAGIARISE, pl[=a]'ji-ar-[=i]z, _v.t._ to steal from the writings or ideas -of another.--_ns._ PL[=A]'GIARISM, the act or practice of plagiarising; -PL[=A]'GIARIST, one who plagiarises; PL[=A]'GIARY, one who steals the -thoughts or writings of others and gives them out as his own: the crime of -plagiarism.--_adj._ practising literary theft. [Fr. _plagiaire_--L. -_plagiarius_, a kidnapper--_plaga_, a net.] - -PLAGIOCLASE, pl[=a]'ji-[=o]-kl[=a]z, _n._ a group of triclinic feldspars -whose cleavage planes are not at right angles to each other.--_adj._ -PLAGIOCLAS'TIC. [Gr. _plagios_, oblique, _klasis_, a fracture.] - -PLAGIODONT, pl[=a]'ji-[=o]-dont, _adj._ having the teeth oblique. - -PLAGIOSTOME, pl[=a]'ji-[=o]-st[=o]m, _n._ a plagiostomous fish, one of the -PLAGIOS'TOMI, a division of fishes, including sharks and rays.--_adjs._ -PLAGIOSTOM'ATOUS, PLAGIOS'TOMOUS. - -PLAGIOTROPISM, pl[=a]-ji-ot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ a mode of turning of the -organs of plants in the direction of gravitation or of the ray of -light.--_adj._ PLAGIOTROP'IC.--_adv._ PLAGIOTROP'ICALLY. [Gr. _plagios_, -oblique, _tropos_, a turning.] - -PLAGIUM, pl[=a]'ji-um, _n._ the crime of kidnapping. - -PLAGUE, pl[=a]g, _n._ any great natural evil: a deadly disease or -pestilence: a very troublesome person or thing, esp. a malignant kind of -contagious fever, prevailing epidemically, characterised by buboes, or -swellings of the lymphatic glands, by carbuncles and petechiae.--_v.t._ to -infest with disease or trouble: to harass or annoy:--_pr.p._ pl[=a]g'uing; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pl[=a]gued.--_ns._ PLAGUE'-MARK, -SPOT, a mark or spot -of plague or foul disease: a place where disease is constantly present; -PLAG'UER, one who plagues, vexes, or annoys; PLAGUE'-SORE.--_adv._ -PLAG'UILY, vexatiously.--_adj._ PLAGUY (pl[=a]'gi), vexatious: (_Shak._) -troublesome.--_adv._ vexatiously.--PLAGUE ON, may a curse rest on.--BE AT -THE PLAGUE, to be at the trouble. [O. Fr. _plague_--L. _plaga_, a blow; Gr. -_pl[=e]g[=e]_.] - -PLAICE, pl[=a]s, _n._ a broad, flat fish, in the same genus as the -flounder. [O. Fr. _plais_ (Fr. _plie_)--Low L. _platessa_, a flat fish--Gr. -_platys_, flat.] - -PLAID, plad, or pl[=a]d, _n._ a loose outer garment of woollen cloth, often -of a tartan, or coloured striped pattern, a special dress of the -Highlanders of Scotland.--_adj._ like a plaid in pattern or -colours.--_adj._ PLAID'ED, wearing a plaid: made of plaid cloth.--_n._ -PLAID'ING, a strong woollen twilled fabric. [Gael. _plaide_, a blanket, -contr. of _peal-laid_, a sheepskin--_peall_, a skin, cog. with L. _pellis_, -Eng. _fell_.] - -PLAIN, pl[=a]n, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to complain: to lament.--_ns._ PLAIN'ANT, -one who complains: a plaintiff; PLAIN'ING (_Shak._), complaint. [O. Fr. -_pleigner_ (Fr. _plaindre_)--L. _plang[)e]re_, to lament.] - -PLAIN, pl[=a]n, _adj._ without elevations, even, flat: level, smooth, -without obstructions: free from difficulties, easy, simple: without -ornament or beauty, homely: artless: sincere: evident, unmistakable: mere: -not coloured, figured, or variegated: not highly seasoned, natural, not -cooked or dressed: not trumps at cards.--_n._ an extent of level land: an -open field.--_adv._ clearly: distinctly.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to make -plain.--_n.pl._ PLAIN'-CLOTHES, clothes worn by an officer when off duty or -not in uniform.--_ns._ PLAIN'-COOK, one able to cook all ordinary dishes; -PLAIN'-DEAL'ER, one who deals or speaks his mind plainly.--_adj._ -PLAIN'-DEAL'ING, speaking or acting plainly, candid.--_n._ candid speaking -or acting, sincerity.--_adj._ PLAIN'-HEART'ED, having a plain or honest -heart: sincere.--_n._ PLAIN'-HEART'EDNESS.--_adv._ PLAIN'LY.--_ns._ -PLAIN'NESS; PLAIN'-SONG, the music of a recitative-like character and sung -in unison, used in the Christian Church of the West from the earliest -times, and still in use in all R.C. churches: a simple air without -variations: a plain unvarnished statement; PLAIN'-SPEAK'ING, -straight-forwardness or bluntness of speech.--_adj._ PLAIN'-SPOK'EN, -speaking with plain, rough sincerity.--_n.pl._ PLAIN'STANES (_Scot._), -flagstones, pavement.--_n._ PLAIN'WORK, plain needlework, as distinguished -from embroidery.--PLAIN AS A PIKESTAFF, perfectly plain or clear. [Fr.,--L. -_pl[=a]nus_, plain.] - -PLAINT, pl[=a]nt, _n._ lamentation: complaint: a sad song: (_law_) the -exhibiting of an action in writing by a complainant.--_adj._ PLAINT'FUL, -complaining: expressing sorrow.--_n._ PLAINT'IFF (_Eng. law_), one who -commences a suit against another--opp. to _Defendant_.--_adj._ PLAINT'IVE, -complaining: expressing sorrow: sad.--_adv._ PLAINT'IVELY.--_n._ -PLAINT'IVENESS.--_adj._ PLAINT'LESS, without complaint: unrepining. [O. Fr. -_pleinte_ (Fr. _plainte_)--L. _planctus_--_plang[)e]re_, _planctum_, to -lament.] - -PLAISE, pl[=a]s, _n._ Same as PLAICE. - -PLAISTER, pl[=a]s't[.e]r, _n._ an obsolete form of _plaster_. - -PLAIT, pl[=a]t, _n._ a fold: a doubling over, as of cloth upon itself: a -braid.--_v.t._ to fold: to double in narrow folds: to interweave.--_adj._ -PLAIT'ED, folded over in narrow folds: braided: interwoven: -intricate.--_ns._ PLAIT'ER, one who plaits or braids: a machine for making -plaits, as in cloth; PLAIT'ING, the act of making plaits. [O. Fr. _pleit_, -_ploit_ (Fr. _pli_)--L. _plic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to fold.] - -PLAN, plan, _n._ a drawing of anything on a plane or flat surface: a -drawing of a building as it stands on the ground: a scheme or project for -accomplishing a purpose: a contrivance: a method or custom.--_v.t._ to make -a sketch of on a flat surface: to form in design: to lay plans -for:--_pr.p._ plan'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ planned.--_adj._ -PLAN'LESS.--_ns._ PLAN'NER, one who forms a plan: a projector; -WORK'ING-PLAN, a draft on a large scale given to workmen to work -from.--PLAN OF CAMPAIGN, the method of conducting the struggle of the Irish -tenants against the landlords, organised by the National League in 1886, -its officers collecting what they considered a fair rent, and offering it -to the landlord, and where he refused to accept it spending it on the -support of the persons evicted. [Fr.,--L. _planus_, flat.] - -PLANARIAN, pl[=a]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ and _n._ a term practically -coextensive with Turbellarian, applicable to the members of the lowest -class of worm-like animals, living in fresh and salt water, and sometimes -in damp earth.--_adjs._ PLANAR'IFORM, PLAN[=A]'RIOID. [L. _planarius_, -flat.] - -PLANCH, planch, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to cover with planks. [Fr. _planche_--L. -_planea_.] - -PLANCHET, plan'chet, _n._ a flat piece of metal ready to receive impression -as a coin. - -PLANCHETTE, plan-shet', _n._ a small heart-shaped or triangular piece of -board resting on three props, two of which are castors and one a -pencil-point, which, while a person's fingers are lightly resting on it, -sometimes moves, as if of its own accord, and traces with the pencil marks -and even words upon a piece of paper below it. [Fr. _planchette_, a small -board.] - -PLANE, pl[=a]n, _n._ (_geom._) a surface on which, if any two points be -taken, the straight line joining them will lie entirely on the surface: -(_astron._) a surface thought of as bounded by the line round which a -heavenly body moves: any flat or level surface: any incline on which coal -is lowered by the effect of gravity: any grade of life or of -development.--_adj._ having the character of a plane: pertaining to, lying -in, or forming a plane.--_v.t._ to make plane or smooth.--_adj._ -PL[=A]'NARY, relating to a plane: flat.--_n._ PLANE'-T[=A]'BLE, a -topographical instrument used in field-mapping, and having a -sighting-telescope for observing objects, whose angles may be noted on a -paper on the table of the instrument: an inclined table on which ore is -dressed.--_v.t._ to survey with a plane-table.--_ns._ PLAN'IGRAPH, an -instrument for reducing or enlarging drawings; PLANIM'ETER, an instrument -for measuring the area of a plane figure.--_adjs._ PLANIMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ -PLANIM'ETRY, the mensuration of plane surfaces.--_adj._ PLANIPET'ALOUS, -having flat petals.--_ns._ PLAN'ISHER, a thin flat-ended tool used for -smoothing tin-plate and brasswork: a workman who planishes, esp. one who -prepares copper-plates for engravers; PLAN'ISPHERE, a sphere projected on a -plane.--_adjs._ PLANISPHER'IC; PL[=A]NO-CON'CAVE, plane on one side and -concave on the other; PL[=A]'NO-CON'ICAL, plane on one side and conical on -the other; PL[=A]'NO-CON'VEX, plane on one side and convex on the -other.--_n._ PLANOG'RAPHIST, a map-maker.--_adj._ PL[=A]'NO-HORIZON'TAL, -having a plane horizontal surface or position.--_ns._ PLANOM'ETER, a plane -surface used in machine-making as a gauge for plane surfaces; PLANOM'ETRY, -the measurement of plane surfaces.--_adj._ PL[=A]'NO-SUB'ULATE, smooth and -awl-shaped.--PLANE ANGLE, an angle contained by two straight lines in a -plane; PLANE FIGURE, a figure all of whose points lie in one plane; PLANE -GEOMETRY, the geometry of plane figures; PLANE SAILING, the calculation of -a ship's place in its course, as if the earth were flat instead of -spherical: easy work; PLANE TRIGONOMETRY, that branch of trigonometry which -treats of triangles described on a plane.--INCLINED PLANE (see INCLINE); -PERSPECTIVE PLANE (see PERSPECTIVE). [Fr.,--L. _planus_, plain.] - -PLANE, pl[=a]n, _n._ a carpenter's tool for producing a level or smooth -surface.--_v.t._ to make a surface (as of wood) level by means of a -plane.--_ns._ PL[=A]'NER, a tool or machine for planing: a smooth wooden -block used for levelling a form of type; PL[=A]N'ING-MACHINE', a machine -for planing wood or metals.--_v.t._ PLAN'ISH, to make smooth: to polish. -[Fr.,--Low L. _plan[=a]re_, to make level.] - -PLANET, plan'et, _n._ one of the bodies in the solar system which revolve -in elliptic orbits round the sun.--_n._ PLANET[=A]'RIUM, a machine showing -the motions and orbits of the planets.--_adjs._ PLAN'ETARY, pertaining to -the planets: consisting of, or produced by, planets: under the influence of -a planet: erratic: revolving; PLANET'IC, -AL.--_n._ PLAN'ETOID, a celestial -body having the form or nature of a planet: one of a number of very small -planets, often called asteroids, moving round the sun between Mars and -Jupiter.--_adjs._ PLANETOI'DAL; PLAN'ET-STRICK'EN, PLAN'ET-STRUCK -(_astrol._), affected by the influence of the planets: blasted.--_n._ -PLAN'ETULE, a little planet.--MINOR PLANETS, the numerous group of very -small planets which is situated in the solar system between Mars and -Jupiter. [Fr. _plan[`e]te_--Gr. _plan[=e]t[=e]s_, wanderer--_plan[=a]n_, to -make to wander.] - -PLANE-TREE, pl[=a]n'-tr[=e], _n._ any one of the several trees constituting -the genus _Platanus_, esp. the oriental or common plane-tree, with its -variety the maple-leaved plane-tree, and the American plane-tree, usually -called _sycamore_ or _buttonwood_ or _buttonball_: in Great Britain, the -sycamore maple. [Fr. _plane_--L. _platanus_--Gr. _platanos_--_platys_, -broad.] - -PLANGENT, plan'jent, _adj._ resounding: noisy. [L. _plangens_, -_-gentis_--_plang[)e]re_, to beat.] - -PLANK, plangk, _n._ a long piece of timber, thicker than a board: one of -the principles or aims of an associated party.--_v.t._ to cover with -planks.--_n._ PLANK'ING, the act of laying planks: a series of planks: work -made up of planks.--WALK THE PLANK, to be compelled to walk along a plank -projecting over the ship's edge into the sea. [L. _planca_, a board; cf. -_Plain_, even.] - -PLANKTON, plangk'ton, _n._ pelagic animals collectively. [Gr., _planktos_, -wandering.] - -PLANODIA, pl[=a]-n[=o]'di-a, _n._ a false passage, such as may be made in -using a catheter. - -PLANT, plant, _n._ a something living and growing, fixed on the ground and -drawing food therefrom by means of its root, and developing into a stem, -leaves, and seed: a sprout: any vegetable production: the tools or material -of any trade or business: (_slang_) a trick, dodge, hidden plunder.--_v.t._ -to put into the ground for growth: to furnish with plants: to set in the -mind, implant: to establish.--_v.i._ to set shoots in the ground.--_adj._ -PLANT'ABLE.--_ns._ PLANT'AGE (_Shak._), plants in general, or the vegetable -kingdom; PLANT[=A]'TION, a place planted: a wood or grove: (_U.S._) a large -estate: a colony: act or process of introduction: (_Milt._) the act of -planting; PLANT'ER, one who plants or introduces: the owner of a -plantation; PLANT'-HOUSE, a garden structure designed for the protection -and cultivation of the plants of warmer climates than our own; PLANT'ICLE, -a young plant; PLANT'ING, the act of setting in the ground for growth: the -art of forming plantations of trees: a plantation.--_adj._ PLANT'LESS, -destitute of vegetation.--_ns._ PLANT'LET, a little plant; PLANT'-LOUSE, a -small homopterous insect which infests plants; PLANT'ULE, the embryo of a -plant. [A.S. _plante_ (Fr. _plante_)--L. _planta_, a shoot, a plant.] - -PLANTAIN, plan't[=a]n, _n._ an important food-plant of tropical countries, -so called from its broad leaf: a common roadside plant of several species, -with broad leaves and seed-bearing spikes.--PLANTAIN EATER, one of a family -of African, arboreal, vegetarian Pie-like birds. [Fr.,--L. _plantago_, -_plantaginis_.] - -PLANTIGRADE, plant'i-gr[=a]d, _adj._ that walks on the sole of the -foot.--_n._ a plantigrade animal, as the bear.--_adj._ PLANT'AR, pertaining -to the sole of the foot. [L. _planta_, the sole, _gradi_, to walk.] - -PLANULA, plan'[=u]-la, _n._ the locomotory embryo of the -coelenterates.--_adjs._ PLAN'ULAR; PLAN'ULIFORM; PLAN'ULOID. - -PLANURIA, pl[=a]-n[=u]'ri-a, _n._ the discharge of urine through an -abnormal passage, uroplania.--Also PLAN'URY. - -PLAP, plap, _v.i._ to plash, fall with plashing sound. [Imit.] - -PLAQUE, plak, _n._ a flat piece of metal or other material, used for -ornament, as a brooch, &c., or for painting on, to form a -wall-picture.--_n._ PLAQUETTE', a small plaque. [Fr.; cf. _Plack_.] - -PLASH, plash, _v.t._ to bind and interweave the branches of.--_v.i._ to -bend down a branch.--_n._ a small branch of a tree partly cut and bound to -or twisted among other branches.--_n._ PLASH'ING, a mode of repairing a -hedge by bending the branches and twisting them about each other. [O. Fr. -_plassier_--L. _plexus_--_plect[)e]re_, to twist.] - -PLASH, plash, _n._ a dash of water: a puddle: a shallow pool: a splashing -sound: a sudden downpour: a flash.--_v.i._ to dabble in water: to -splash.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with colouring matter, as a wall.--_adj._ -PLASH'Y, full of puddles: watery. [Imit.] - -PLASM, plazm, _n._ a mould or matrix: protoplasm--also PLAS'MA.--_adjs._ -PLASMAT'IC, -AL, plastic, formative; PLAS'MIC, pertaining to plasma, -protoplasmic.--_ns._ PLASM[=O]'DIUM, composite masses of primitive -protozoa, in which numerous units are fused, or in rare cases simply -combined in close contact; PLAS'MOGEN, true protoplasm; PLASMOG'ONY, the -generation of an organism from plasma; PLASMOL'OGY, minute or microscopic -anatomy, histology.--_v.t._ PLAS'MOLYSE.--_n._ PLASMOL'YSIS, the -contraction of the protoplasm in active cells under the action of certain -reagents.--_adj._ PLASMOLYT'IC. - -PLASMA, plas'ma, _n._ a green variety of translucent quartz or -silica.--_adj._ PLAS'MIC. [Gr.,--_plassein_, to form.] - -PLASTER, plas't[.e]r, _n._ something that can be moulded into figures: a -composition of lime, water, and sand for overlaying walls, &c.: (_med._) a -medicinal agent consisting of an adhesive substance spread upon cloth or -leather, so as to stick to the part of the body to which it is -applied.--_adj._ made of plaster.--_v.t._ to cover with plaster: to cover -with a plaster, as a wound: to besmear: (_fig._) to smooth over.--_ns._ -PLAS'TERER, one who plasters, or one who works in plaster; PLAS'TERING, the -art of covering the internal faces of walls, the partitions and ceiling of -a building, with plaster: a covering of plaster: the plasterwork of a -building; PLAS'TER-STONE, gypsum.--_adj._ PLAS'TERY, like plaster, -containing plaster.--PLASTER CAST, a copy of an object got by pouring a -mixture of plaster of Paris and water into a mould formed from the object; -PLASTER OF PARIS, a kind of gypsum, originally found near _Paris_, used in -building and in making casts of figures; POROUS PLASTER, a plaster for -application to the body, full of small holes, which prevent it from -wrinkling. [A.S. _plaster_--O. Fr. _emplastre_--L. _emplastrum_--Gr. -_emplastron_.] - -PLASTIC, plas'tik, _adj._ having power to give form to: capable of being -moulded: of or pertaining to moulding.--_ns._ PLASTIC'ITY, state or quality -of being plastic; PLASTIL[=I]'NA, a modelling clay which remains soft and -plastic for a considerable time; PLASTOG'RAPHY, imitation of handwriting. -[Gr. _plastikos_--_plassein_, to mould.] - -PLASTRON, plas'tron, _n._ a breast-plate: a detachable part of a woman's -dress hanging from the throat to the waist: a man's shirt-bosom: a fencer's -wadded shield of leather worn on the breast: the ventral part of the shell -of a chelonian or testudinate, the lower shell of a turtle or tortoise: the -sternum with costal cartilages attached.--_adj._ PLAS'TRAL. - -PLAT, plat, _v.t._ Same as PLAIT. - -PLAT, plat, _n._ a piece of ground: a piece of ground ornamentally laid -out: (_obs._) a plan, scheme.--_v.t._ to make a map or plan of.--_n._ -PLAT'-BAND, a border of flowers in a garden: (_archit._) a slightly -projecting square moulding, an architrave fascia, a list between flutings. -[_Plot._] - -PLATANE, plat'[=a]n, _n._ the plane-tree.--Also PLAT'AN. [L. -_platanus_--Gr. _platanos_--_platys_, broad.] - -PLATE, pl[=a]t, _n._ something flat: a thin piece of metal: wrought gold -and silver: household utensils in gold and silver: a shallow dish nearly -flat: an engraved piece of metal.--_v.t._ to overlay with a coating of -plate or metal: to arm or defend with metal plates: to adorn with metal: to -beat into thin plates.--_n._ PLATE'-ARM'OUR, armour of strong metal plates -for protecting ships-of-war, &c.--_adj._ PL[=A]'TED, covered with plates of -metal for strength, as ships: covered with a coating of a more precious -metal: (_zool._) covered with hard scales.--_ns._ PLATE'-FLEET (_Milt._), -vessels used for carrying precious metals; PLATE'FUL, as much as a plate -will hold; PLATE'-GLASS, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, used -for mirrors and large shop-windows; PLATE'-LAY'ER, a workman whose -occupation it is to lay the rails of a railway and fix them to the -sleepers; PLATE'-MARK, a mark or stamp on gold or silver plate to indicate -its purity and the place where it was made; PLATE'-POW'DER, a composition -of rouge and prepared chalk used for cleaning gold and silver plate and -plated articles; PLATE'-PRINT'ING, the process of printing from engraved -plates; PL[=A]'TER, one who plates articles with a coating of gold or -silver; PLATE'-RACK, a frame for holding plates, &c., when not in use; -PLATE'-WARM'ER, an apparatus in which plates are warmed before the fire; -PL[=A]'TING, the covering of an inferior metal with one of the precious -metals: a thin coating of metal on another.--_adj._ PL[=A]'TY, like a -plate.--HALF'-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 4-3/4 by -6-1/2 in. (4-1/4 by 5-1/2 in U.S.); QUAR'TER-PLATE, 3-1/4 by 4-1/4 in.; -WHOLE'-PLATE, 6-1/2 by 8-1/2 in. [O. Fr. _plate_, fem. of _plat_, flat--Gr. -_platys_, broad.] - -PLATEAU, pla-t[=o]', _n._ a broad flat space on an elevated position: a -tableland:--_pl._ PLATEAUS, PLATEAUX (pla-t[=o]z'). [Fr.,--O. Fr. _platel_, -dim. of _plat_.] - -PLATEN, plat'en, _n._ the flat part of a printing-press which comes down -upon the form, and by which the impression is made. - -PLATFORM, plat'form, _n._ a raised level surface: a part of a floor raised -above the rest to form a standing-place for speakers, workmen, &c.: -(_mil._) an elevated floor for cannon: a statement of principles to which a -body of men declare their adhesion, and on which they act: (_Shak._) a -scheme, plan.--_v.t._ (_Milt._) to sketch, plan: (_Mrs Browning_) to -support as on a platform.--_ns._ PLAT'FORM-BRIDGE (_Amer._), a movable -gangway between the platforms of two railway carriages; PLAT'FORM-CAR, a -railway car open all round and without a roof; PLAT'FORM-CRANE, a crane -used on a railway platform, or one mounted on a movable truck; -PLAT'FORM-SCALE, a weighing-machine with a flat surface for holding the -thing to be weighed.--THE PLATFORM, the function of public oratory. [Fr. -_plate-forme_, 'flat form.'] - -PLATIASMUS, plat-i-as'mus, _n._ imperfect speech. - -PLATINUM, plat'in-um, _n._ an important metal of a dim silvery appearance, -between gold and silver in value, and very difficult to melt--older name -PLAT'INA.--_adjs._ PLATIN'IC; PLATINIF'EROUS.--_v.t._ PLAT'INISE, to coat -with platinum.--_ns._ PLAT'INOID, one of the metals with which platinum is -always found associated--_palladium iridium_, &c.; PLAT'INOTYPE, a method -of producing photographs by means of paper coated with a preparation of -platinum: a picture so produced.--_adj._ PLAT'INOUS, containing or -consisting of platinum. [Sp. _platina_--_plata_, plate.] - -PLATITUDE, plat'i-t[=u]d, _n._ flatness: that which exhibits dullness of -thought: an empty remark made as if it were important.--_n._ -PLATITUDIN[=A]'RIAN, one who indulges in platitudes.--_adj._ -PLATIT[=U]'DINOUS. [Fr.,--_plat_, flat.] - -PLATONIC, -AL, pl[=a]-ton'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to _Plato_, the Greek -philosopher (about 427-347 B.C.), or to his philosophical opinions.--_adv._ -PL[=A]TON'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ PL[=A]'TONISE, to reason like -Plato.--_ns._ PL[=A]'TONISM, the philosophical opinions of Plato; -PL[=A]'TONIST, PL[=A]TON'IC, a follower of Plato.--PLATONIC LOVE, the love -of soul for soul, a love into which sensual desire is supposed not to enter -at all. - -PLATOON, pla-t[=oo]n', _n._ a number of recruits assembled for -exercise--originally a small body of soldiers in a hollow square, to -strengthen the angles of a longer formation: a subdivision of a company. -[Fr. _peloton_, a ball, a knot of men--_pelote_--L. _p[)i]la_, a ball.] - -PLATTER, plat'[.e]r, _n._ a large flat plate or dish. [M. E. _plater_--O. -Fr. _platel_--_plat_, a plate.] - -PLATTING, plat'ing, _n._ the process of making interwoven work: such work -itself. - -PLATYCEPHALOUS, plat-i-sef'a-lus, _adj._ having the vault of the skull -flattened.--Also PLATYCEPHAL'IC. - -PLATYPUS, plat'i-poos, _n._ the duck-bill (q.v.). [Gr. _platys_, flat, -_pous_, a foot.] - -PLATYRHINE, plat'i-rin, _adj._ broad-nosed.--_n._ a platyrhine monkey. - -PLAUDIT, plawd'it, _n._ a mark of applause: praise bestowed.--_adj._ -PLAUD'ITORY, applauding.--_adj._ PLAUS'IVE, applauding, approving: -(_Shak._) plausible. [Shortened from L. _plaudite_, praise ye, a call for -applause, 2d pers. pl. imper. of _plaud[)e]re_, _plausum_, to praise.] - -PLAUSIBLE, plawz'i-bl, _adj._ that may be applauded: seemingly worthy of -approval or praise: superficially pleasing: apparently right: fair-spoken: -popular.--_ns._ PLAUSIBIL'ITY, PLAUS'IBLENESS, an appearance of being right -or worthy of approval: that which seems right and true at first -sight.--_adv._ PLAUS'IBLY. [L. _plausibilis_--_plaud[)e]re_, to praise.] - -PLAUSTRAL, pl[:a]'stral, _adj._ of or pertaining to a wagon. [L. -_plaustrum_, a wagon.] - -PLAY, pl[=a], _v.i._ to engage in some amusing exercise: to take part in a -game, or a piece of diversion: to gamble: to sport: to trifle: to move -irregularly or (_mech._) freely: to operate: to act in a theatre: to -perform on a musical instrument: to practise a trick: to act a character: -to act with repeated strokes.--_v.t._ to put in motion: to perform upon: to -perform: to act a sportive part: to compete with.--_n._ amusement: any -exercise for amusement: a contending for victory or for a prize: practice -in a contest: gaming: action or use: manner of dealing, as fair-play: a -dramatic composition: movement: room for action or motion: liberty of -action.--_ns._ PLAY'-ACT'OR, one who acts a part in a play: an actor; -PLAY'-ACT'ORISM, the manner or habits of a play-actor; PLAY'-BILL, a bill -or advertisement of a play; PLAY'BOOK, a book of plays or dramas; -PLAY'-CLUB, a wooden-headed golf-club used for driving the ball the longest -distances; PLAY'-DAY, PLAY'-TIME, a day devoted to play: a holiday; -PLAY'ER, one who plays: an actor of plays or dramas: a trifler: a musician: -a professional at cricket; PLAY'FELLOW, PLAY'MATE, a fellow or mate in play -or amusements.--_adj._ PLAY'FUL, given to play: sportive.--_adv._ -PLAY'FULLY.--_ns._ PLAY'FULNESS; PLAY'-G[=O]'ER, one who habitually attends -the theatre; PLAY'-G[=O]'ING; PLAY'-GROUND, a ground or place on which to -play, esp. that connected with a school; PLAY'-HOUSE, a house where -dramatic performances are represented: a theatre; PLAY'ING-CARD, one of a -set of fifty-two cards used in playing games; PLAY'-MARE, the hobby-horse, -one of the chief parts in the ancient morris-dance; PLAY'THING, anything -for playing with: a toy; PLAY'WRIGHT, PLAY'-WRIT'ER, a writer of plays: one -who adapts dramatic compositions for the stage.--PLAYED OUT, worked to the -end: used up: tired; PLAY FAST AND LOOSE, to act in a tricky, inconstant -way: to say one thing and do another; PLAY FINE, at billiards, to strike -the object-ball near the edge--opp. to PLAY FULL, to strike it nearer the -centre than the edge; PLAY OFF, to show or display; PLAY UP, to make a -beginning of playing: to play more vigorously; PLAY UPON, to trifle with: -to delude.--A PLAY UPON WORDS, a use of words so as to give them a double -meaning; BRING INTO PLAY, to bring into exercise or use; COME INTO PLAY, to -come into use; HOLD IN PLAY, to keep the attention of. [A.S. _plegan_, to -play.] - -PLEA, pl[=e], _n._ the defender's answer to the plaintiff's demand or -charge: an excuse: an apology: an action in a court of law: urgent -entreaty. [O. Fr. _plait_ (Fr. _plaid_)--Low L. _placitum_, a decision--L. -_placet_, it pleases, _plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLEACH, pl[=e]ch, _v.t._ to intertwine the branches of, as a hedge: -(_Shak._) to fold, as the arms. [O. Fr. _plesser_--L. _plec-t[)e]re_, -plait; Gr. _plek-ein_, weave.] - -PLEAD, pl[=e]d, _v.i._ to carry on a plea or lawsuit: to argue in support -of a cause against another: to seek to persuade: to admit or deny a charge -of guilt.--_v.t._ to discuss by arguments: to allege in pleading or -defence: to offer in excuse:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ plead'ed, or (less -correctly and coll.) pled.--_adj._ PLEAD'ABLE, capable of being -pleaded.--_n._ PLEAD'ER.--_adj._ PLEAD'ING, imploring.--_n._ act of -pleading or of conducting any cause: (_pl._) the statements of the two -parties in a lawsuit (_law_).--_adv._ PLEAD'INGLY.--PLEAD GUILTY, or NOT -GUILTY, to admit, or deny, guilt.--SPECIAL PLEADING, unfair argument aiming -rather at victory than at truth. [O. Fr. _plaider_; cf. _Plea_.] - -PLEASE, pl[=e]z, _v.t._ to give pleasure to: to delight: to -satisfy.--_v.i._ to like: to think fit: to choose: to give pleasure: used -impers., followed by an object, originally dative, of the person=if it -please you.--_n._ PLEAS'ANCE, merriment: a pleasure garden.--_adj._ -PLEAS'ANT, pleasing: agreeable: cheerful: gay: facetious.--_adv._ -PLEAS'ANTLY.--_ns._ PLEAS'ANTNESS; PLEAS'ANTRY, anything that promotes -pleasure: merriment: lively or humorous talk: a trick:--_pl._ -PLEAS'ANTRIES; PLEASE'MAN (_Shak._), an officious fellow, a pick-thank; -PLEAS'ER, one who pleases or gratifies.--_adj._ PLEAS'ING, giving pleasure: -agreeable: gratifying.--_n._ (_Shak._) pleasure given: (_B._) -approbation.--_adv._ PLEAS'INGLY.--_n._ PLEAS'INGNESS, the quality of -giving pleasure.--_adj._ PLEAS'URABLE, able to give pleasure: delightful: -gratifying.--_n._ PLEAS'URABLENESS.--_adv._ PLEAS'URABLY.--_n._ PLEASURE -(plezh'[=u]r), agreeable emotions: gratification of the senses or of the -mind: what the will prefers: purpose: command: approbation.--_v.t._ -(_arch._) to give pleasure to.--_ns._ PLEAS'URE-BOAT, a boat used for -pleasure or amusement; PLEAS'URE-GROUND, ground laid out in an ornamental -manner for pleasure; PLEAS'URE-HOUSE, a house to which one retires for -recreation or pleasure.--_adj._ PLEAS'URELESS.--_ns._ PLEAS'URER, one who -seeks pleasure; PLEAS'URE-TRIP, an excursion for pleasure.--AT PLEASURE, -whenever and as one pleases. [O. Fr. _plaisir_ (Fr. _plaire_)--L. -_plac[=e]re_, to please.] - -PLEAT, pl[=e]t, _v.t._ Same as PLAIT. - -PLEBEIAN, pl[=e]-b[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to, or consisting of, the -common people: popular: vulgar.--_n._ originally one of the common people -of ancient Rome: one of the lower classes.--_v.t._ PLEBEI'ANISE.--_ns._ -PLEBEI'ANISM, state of being a plebeian: the conduct or manners of -plebeians: vulgarity; PLEBIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of making -plebeian.--_v.t._ PLEB'IFY, to make plebeian: to vulgarise. [Fr. -_pl['e]b['e]ien_--L. _plebeius_--_plebs_, _plebis_, the common people.] - -PLEBISCITE, pleb'i-s[=i]t, _n._ a decree of an entire nation, obtained by -an appeal to universal suffrage, as in France under Napoleon III.: a method -of obtaining an expression of opinion upon a certain point from the -inhabitants of a district--also PLEBISC[=I]'TUM:--_pl._ PLEB'ISCITES, -PLEBIS'CITA.--_adj._ PLEB'ISCITARY. [Fr.,--L. _plebiscitum_, decree of the -people--_plebs_, the people, _scitum_, a decree--_sc[=i]re_, to know.] - -PLEBS, plebz, _n._ the common people. [L.] - -PLECTOGNATHI, plek-tog'n[=a]-th[=i], _n._ an order of bony fishes, -including file-fishes, globe-fishes, coffer-fishes, sun-fishes.--_adjs._ -PLECTOGNATH'IC, PLECTOG'NATHOUS. [Gr. _plectos_, plaited, _gnathos_, a -jaw.] - -PLECTRUM, plek'trum, _n._ the quill or other form of instrument by which -the strings of the Greek lyre were struck.--Also PLEC'TRE, PLEC'TRON. -[L.--Gr.,--_pl[=e]ssein_, to strike.] - -PLED, pled, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _plead_. - -PLEDGE, plej, _n._ something given as a security: one who becomes surety -for another: a sentiment of goodwill or friendship expressed by drinking -together.--_v.t._ to give as security: to engage for by promise: to invite -to drink by partaking of the cup first: to drink to the health of.--_ns._ -PLEDGEE', the person to whom a thing is pledged; PLEDG'ER.--PLEDGE CARD, a -card given, as a remembrancer, to a person who has signed the total -abstinence pledge; PLEDGE CUP, a cup for drinking pledges.--HOLD IN PLEDGE, -to keep as security; PUT IN PLEDGE, to pawn; TAKE, or SIGN, THE PLEDGE, to -give a written promise to abstain from intoxicating liquor. [O. Fr. _plege_ -(Fr. _pleige_); prob. L. _praeb[=e]re_, to afford.] - -PLEDGET, plej'et, _n._ a wad of lint, cotton, &c., as for a wound or sore: -an oakum string used in caulking. - -PLEIAD, pl[=i]'ad, _n._ one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione, -after death changed into stars:--_pl._ PLEI'ADS, PLEI'ADES, (_astron._) a -group of seven or more stars in the shoulder of the constellation Taurus. - -PLEIOCENE. Same as PLIOCENE. - -PLEIOCHROISM, pl[=i]-ok'r[=o]-izm, _n._ the property in some crystals, such -as some species of topaz, where three distinct colours may be observed on -looking through them along three rectangular axes.--Also POL'YCHR[=O]ISM. -[Gr. _plei[=o]n_, _ple[=o]n_, more, _chroa_, colour.] - -PLEISTOCENE, pl[=i]s't[=o]-s[=e]n, _n._ (_geol._) the name given to the -system comprising the older accumulations belonging to the Quaternary or -Post-Tertiary division. [Gr. _pleistos_, most, _kainos_, recent.] - -PLENARY, pl[=e]'n[=a]-ri, _adj._ full: entire: complete: (_law_) passing -through all its stages--opp. to _Summary_: having full powers.--_adv._ -PLEN'ARILY.--_ns._ PLEN'ARINESS; PL[=E]'NARTY, the state of a benefice when -occupied; PL[=E]'NIST, one who believes all space to be filled with matter; -PLEN'ITUDE, fullness: completeness: repletion; PL[=E]'NUM, space considered -as in every part filled with matter.--PLENARY INSPIRATION, inspiration -which excludes all mixture of error. [Low L. _plenarius_--L. _ple-nus_, -full--_pl[=e]re_, to fill.] - -PLENICORN, plen'i-korn, _adj._ solid-horned, as a ruminant. - -PLENILUNAR, plen-i-l[=u]'nar, _adj._ pertaining to the full moon. - -PLENIPOTENCE, pl[=e]-nip'o-tens, _n._ complete power--also -PLENIP'OTENCY.--_adj._ PLENIP'OTENT, having full power. [L. _plenus_, full, -_potens_, _-entis_, powerful.] - -PLENIPOTENTIARY, plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri, _adj._ conferring or having full -powers.--_n._ a person invested with full powers, esp. a special ambassador -or envoy to some foreign court. [Low L. _plenipotentiarius_--L. _plenus_, -full, _potens_, powerful.] - -PLENISH, plen'ish, _v.t._ to furnish: to provide, as a house or farm, with -necessary furniture, implements, stock, &c.--_n._ PLEN'ISHING (_Scot._), -furniture. [Fr.,--L. _plenus_, full.] - -PLENTY, plen'ti, _n._ a full supply: all that can be needed: -abundance.--_adj._ being in abundance.--_adj._ PLEN'T[=E]OUS, fully -sufficient: abundant: fruitful: well provided: rich: (_B._) giving -plentifully.--_adv._ PLEN'T[=E]OUSLY.--_n._ PLEN'T[=E]OUSNESS.--_adj._ -PLEN'TIFUL, copious: abundant: yielding abundance.--_adv._ -PLEN'TIFULLY.--_n._ PLEN'TIFULNESS.--HORN OF PLENTY (see HORN). [O. Fr. -_plente_--L. _plenus_, full.] - -PLEONASM, pl[=e]'o-nazm, _n._ use of more words than are necessary: -(_rhet._) a redundant expression.--_n._ PL[=E]'ONAST, one who is given to -pleonasm.--_adjs._ PLEONAS'TIC, -AL, redundant: using too many -words.--_adv._ PLEONAS'TICALLY. [Gr. _pleonasmos_--_plei[=o]n_, more.] - -PLEROMA, pl[=e]-r[=o]'ma, _n._ fullness: abundance: in Gnosticism, divine -being, including all aeons which emanate from it. [Gr.,--_pl[=e]r[=e]s_, -full.] - -PLEROPHORY, pl[=e]-rof'[=o]-ri, _n._ full conviction.--Also -PLEROPH[=O]'RIA. - -PLESH, plesh, _n._ (_Spens._) a plash, a pool of water. - -PLESIOMORPHISM, pl[=e]-si-[=o]-mor'fizm, _n._ the property of certain -substances of crystallising in similar forms while unlike in chemical -composition--also _Isogonism_.--_adjs._ PLESIOMOR'PHIC, PLESIOMOR'PHOUS. - -PLESIOSAURUS, pl[=e]-zi-o-saw'rus, _n._ the type or leading genus of a -family (_Plesiosauridae_) of fossil sea-reptiles, which are characteristic -of the Mesozoic systems. [Gr. _pl[=e]sios_, near, _sauros_, lizard.] - -PLETHORA, pleth'o-ra, _n._ excessive fullness of blood: over-fullness in -any way.--_adjs._ PLETHORE'TIC, PLETHOR'IC, -AL, afflicted with plethora: -superabundant: turgid.--_adv._ PLETHOR'ICALLY. [Gr. _pl[=e]th[=o]r[=e]_, -fullness--_pleos_, full.] - -PLEUGH, pl[=u]h, _n._ (_Scot._) a plough.--_n._ PLEUGH'-PAID'LE (_Scot._), -a small spade or 'paddle' for cleaning a plough. - -PLEURA, pl[=oo]'ra, _n._ a delicate serous membrane which covers the lungs -and lines the cavity of the chest:--_pl._ PLEU'RAE.--_adj._ -PLEU'RAL.--_ns._ PLEURAPOPH'YSIS, a lateral process of a vertebra, with the -morphological character of a rib:--_pl._ PLEURAPOPH'YSES; PLEURENCH'YMA -(_bot._), the woody tissue of plants; PLEU'RISY, inflammation of the -pleura, the investing membrane of the lung; PLEU'RISY-ROOT, a plant common -in the United States, of which the root has medicinal repute, the infusion -being used as a diaphoretic and expectorant.--_adjs._ PLEURIT'IC, -AL, -pertaining to, or affected with, pleurisy: causing pleurisy.--_ns._ -PLEUR[=I]'TIS, pleurisy; PLEURODYN'IA, neuralgia of the chest-wall, which -may simulate closely the pain of pleurisy; PLEU'RO-PNEUM[=O]'NIA, -inflammation of the pleura and lungs, a contagious disease peculiar to -cattle. [Gr., a rib.] - -PLEURONECTIDAE, pl[=oo]-ro-nek'ti-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of flat-fishes, -the flounders. [Gr. _pleura_, the side, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.] - -PLEXIMETER, pleks-im'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a small plate of something hard and -elastic, placed on the body, to receive the tap of the fingers or of the -hammer in examination by percussion--also PLEXOM'ETER.--_adj._ -PLEXIMET'RIC. [Gr. _pl[=e]xis_, a striking--_pl[=e]ssein_, to strike, -_metron_, a measure.] - -PLEXURE, pleks'[=u]r, _n._ the act or process of weaving together: that -which is woven together.--_adj._ PLEX'IFORM, in the form of network: formed -into a plexus.--_n._ PLEX'US, a number of things, as veins, nerves, &c., -woven together: a network: (_anat._) an interlacing of nerves, vessels, or -fibres. [L. _plexus_, a twining--_plect[)e]re_, _plexum_, to twine.] - -PLIABLE, pl[=i]'a-bl, _adj._ easily bent or folded: supple: easily -persuaded: yielding to influence.--_ns._ PLIABIL'ITY, PL[=I]'ABLENESS, -quality of being pliable or flexible.--_adv._ PL[=I]'ABLY, in a pliable -manner.--_ns._ PL[=I]'ANCY, PL[=I]'ANTNESS, the state of being pliant: -readiness to be influenced.--_adj._ PL[=I]'ANT, bending easily: flexible: -tractable: easily influenced.--_adv._ PL[=I]'ANTLY. [Fr. _pliable_--L. -_plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -PLICA, pl[=i]'ka, _n._ in the phrase PLICA POLONICA, a disease of the -scalp, in which the hairs become matted together by an adhesive and often -fetid secretion, occurring in several countries, but esp. in Poland. [L. -_plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -PLICATE, -D, pl[=i]'k[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ folded like a fan, as a leaf: -plaited.--_adv._ PL[=I]'C[=A]TELY.--_ns._ PLIC[=A]'TION, PLIC'ATURE, act or -process of folding: state of being folded: a fold. [L. -_plicatus_--_plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -PLIERS, pl[=i]'[.e]rz, _n.pl._ small pincers for bending. - -PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _n._ something exposed to risk: security: pledge: -engagement: promise.--_v.t._ to pledge: to promise solemnly: to give as -security.--_n._ PLIGHT'ER, one who, or that which, plights. [A.S. _pliht_, -risk, danger--_pli['o]n_, to imperil; cog. with Dut. _pligt_, Ger. -_pflicht_, an obligation.] - -PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _n._ condition: state (either good or bad). [O. Fr. -_plite_--L. _plicitus_, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -PLIGHT, pl[=i]t, _v.t._ to plait, to braid, to weave.--_n._ (_Spens._) a -plait, a fold. [L. _plect[)e]re_, freq. of _plic[:a]re_, to fold.] - -PLIM, plim, _v.i._ (_prov._) to swell. [_Plump_.] - -PLIMSOLL'S MARK. See LOAD-LINE, under LOAD. - -PLINTH, plinth, _n._ (_archit._) the square at the bottom of the base of a -column: the projecting band at the bottom of a wall. [L. _plinthus_, Gr. -_plinthos_, a brick.] - -PLIOCENE, pl[=i]'o-s[=e]n, _n._ (_geol._) the strata more recent than the -Miocene or Second Tertiary. [Gr. _plei[=o]n_, more, _kainos_, recent.] - -PLISKIE, plis'ki, _n._ (_Scot._) condition or plight: a mischievous trick. - -PLOD, plod, _v.i._ to travel slowly and steadily: to study or work on -steadily: to toil.--_v.t._ to get along by slow and heavy walking:--_pr.p._ -plod'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ plod'ded.--_n._ PLOD'DER, one who plods on: -a dull, heavy, laborious man.--_adj._ PLOD'DING, laborious but slow.--_n._ -slow movement: patient study.--_adv._ PLOD'DINGLY. [Orig. 'to wade through -pools,' from Ir. _plod_, a pool.] - -PLONGE, plonj, _n._ the descending part of the path of a bomb: the superior -slope of a parapet.--Also PLON'G['E]E. - -PLONGE, plonj, _v.t._ to cleanse, as open sewers, by stirring with a pole -when the tide is ebbing. - -PLOP, plop, _v.i._ to plump into water. [Imit.] - -PLOT, plot, _n._ a small piece of ground: a plan of a field, &c., drawn on -paper: a patch or spot on clothes.--_v.t._ to make a plan of:--_pr.p._ -plot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ plot'ted. [A.S. _plot._] - -PLOT, plot, _n._ a complicated scheme, esp. for a mischievous purpose: a -conspiracy: stratagem: the chain of incidents which are gradually unfolded -in the story of a play, &c.--_v.i._ to scheme: to form a scheme of -mischief: to conspire.--_v.t._ to devise:--_pr.p._ plot'ting; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ plot'ted.--_adj._ PLOT'FUL.--_adj._ PLOT'-PROOF, safe from any -danger by plots.--_ns._ PLOT'TER, one who plots: a conspirator; -PLOT'TING.--_adv._ PLOT'TINGLY. [Fr. _complot_, acc. to Diez, from L. -_complicitum_, pa.p. of _complic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -PLOT, plot, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to scald, steep in very hot water.--_n._ -PLOT'TIE, a kind of mulled wine. - -PLOTTER, plot'[.e]r, _v.i._ to plouter (q.v.). - -PLOUGH, plow, _n._ an instrument for turning up the soil to prepare it for -seed: tillage: a joiner's plane for making grooves.--_v.t._ to turn up with -the plough: to make furrows or ridges in: to tear: to divide: to run -through, as in sailing: (_university slang_) to reject in an -examination.--_v.i._ to work with a plough.--_adj._ PLOUGH'ABLE, capable of -being ploughed: arable.--_ns._ PLOUGH'BOY, a boy who drives or guides -horses in ploughing; PLOUGH'ER; PLOUGH'GATE (_Scots law_), a quantity of -land of the extent of 100 acres Scots; PLOUGH'ING; PLOUGH'-[=I]'RON, the -coulter of a plough; PLOUGH'-LAND, land suitable for tillage: as much land -as could be tilled with one plough, a hide of land; PLOUGH'MAN, a man who -ploughs: a husbandman: a rustic:--_pl._ PLOUGH'MEN; PLOUGH'-MON'DAY, the -Monday after Twelfth Day when, according to the old usage, the plough -should be set to work again after the holidays; PLOUGH'-TAIL, the end of a -plough where the handles are; PLOUGH'-TREE, a plough-handle; PLOUGH'WRIGHT, -one who makes and mends ploughs.--PUT ONE'S HAND TO THE PLOUGH, to begin an -undertaking.--SNOW PLOUGH, a strong triangular frame of wood for clearing -snow off roads, railways, &c., drawn by horses or by a locomotive; STEAM -PLOUGH, a plough driven by a stationary steam-engine; THE PLOUGH, the seven -bright stars in the constellation of the Great Bear. [Ice. _pl['o]gr_; -perh. Celt., Gael. _ploc_, a block.] - -PLOUGHSHARE, plow'sh[=a]r, _n._ the part of a plough which shears or cuts -the ground in the bottom of the furrow. [_Plough_, and A.S. _scear_, a -share of a plough, a shearing--_sceran_, to cut.] - -PLOUTER, plow't[.e]r, _v.i._ to paddle in water.--_n._ (_Scot._) a paddling -or dabbling in water. - -PLOVER, pluv'[.e]r, _n._ a well-known wading bird. [Fr. _pluvier_--L. -_pluvia_, rain.] - -PLOW, plow. Old spelling of _plough_. - -PLOY, ploi, _n._ employment: (_Scot._) a frolic. [_Employ_.] - -PLUCK, pluk, _v.t._ to pull off or away: to snatch: to strip, as a fowl of -its feathers: (_slang_) to reject an examinee as inefficient.--_n._ a -single act of plucking.--_n._ PLUCK'ER.--PLUCK OFF (_Shak._), to abate from -the rank; PLUCK UP, to pull out by the roots: to summon up, as courage. -[A.S. _pluccian_; akin to Dut. _plukken_, Ger. _pfl[:u]cken_.] - -PLUCK, pluk, _n._ the heart, liver, and lungs of an animal--hence heart, -courage, spirit.--_adjs._ PLUCKED, PLUCK'Y, having pluck or spirit.--_adv._ -PLUCK'ILY.--_n._ PLUCK'INESS. - -PLUFFY, pluf'i, _adj._ puffy: blown out.--_n._ PLUFF (_Scot._), a puff of -smoke or dust.--_v.t._ to throw out such. - -PLUG, plug, _n._ a block or peg used to stop a hole: a bung: a stopper: a -branch from a water-pipe to supply a hose: a flat cake of tobacco: any -worn-out or useless article: (_slang_) a silk hat.--_v.t._ to stop with a -plug: to drive plugs into:--_pr.p._ plug'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -plugged.--_ns._ PLUG'GER, one who, or that which, plugs, esp. a dentist's -instrument for filling a hollow tooth; PLUG'GING, the act of stopping with -a plug: the material of which a plug is made; PLUG'-UG'LY, a street -ruffian.--FIRE PLUG, a contrivance by means of which a hose can be fixed to -a water-main in case of fire. [Dut. _plug_, a bung, a peg (Sw. _plugg_, a -peg, Ger. _pflock_); most prob. Celt., as in Ir., Gael., and W. _ploc_.] - -PLUM, plum, _n._ a well-known stone fruit of various colours, of the -natural order _Rosaceae_: the tree producing it: the best part of all: a -sum of L100,000, a handsome fortune.--_ns._ PLUM'-CAKE, a cake containing -raisins, currants, &c.; PLUM'-DUFF, a flour-pudding boiled with -raisins.--_adj._ PLUM'MY, full of plums: desirable.--_ns._ PLUM'-PORR'IDGE, -an antiquated dish, of porridge with plums, raisins, &c.; PLUM'-PUDD'ING, a -national English dish made of flour and suet, with raisins, currants, and -various spices. [A.S. _pl['u]me_--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.] - -PLUMAGE, pl[=oo]m'[=a]j, _n._ the whole feathers of a bird. [Fr.,--_plume_, -a feather.] - -PLUMB, plum, _n._ a mass of lead or other material, hung on a string, to -show the perpendicular position: the perpendicular direction or -position.--_adj._ perpendicular.--_adv._ perpendicularly.--_v.t._ to adjust -by a plumb-line: to make perpendicular: to sound the depth of, as water by -a plumb-line.--_n._ PLUMB'-BOB, a conoid-shaped metal weight at the end of -a plumb-line.--_adjs._ PLUM'B[=E]AN, PLUM'B[=E]OUS, consisting of, or -resembling, lead: stupid; PLUMB'IC, pertaining to, or obtained from, lead; -PLUMBIF'EROUS, producing lead.--_n._ PLUMB'ING, the art of casting and -working in lead, &c.--_adj._ PLUMB'LESS, incapable of being sounded.--_ns._ -PLUMB'-LINE, a line to which a mass of lead is attached to show the -perpendicular: a plummet; PLUMB'-RULE, a narrow board with a plumb-line -fastened to the top, used to determine a perpendicular. [Fr. _plomb_--L. -_plumbum_, lead.] - -PLUMBAGINEAE, plum-ba-jin'[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of oxogenous -plants found on seashores and salt-marshes. - -PLUMBAGO, plum-b[=a]'go, _n._ a mineral composed of carbon, iron, and other -materials, used for pencils, &c., popularly called 'blacklead:' graphite: a -genus of plants with blue or violet flowers.--_adj._ PLUMBAG'INOUS. [L. -_plumbum_, lead.] - -PLUMBER, plum'[.e]r, _n._ one who works in lead, esp. one who fits into -buildings the tanks, pipes, and fittings for conveying water, gas, and -sewage.--_ns._ PLUMB'ER-BLOCK, a metal frame or case for holding the end of -a revolving shaft: a pillow-block; PLUMB'ERY, articles of lead: the -business of a plumber: a place for plumbing. - -PLUME, pl[=oo]m, _n._ a feather: a tuft of feathers: a feather worn as an -ornament: a crest: a token of honour: a prize in a contest.--_v.t._ to -dress the feathers of, as a bird: to adorn with plumes: to strip of -feathers: to boast (used reflexively).--_ns._ PLUMASSIER -(pl[=oo]-ma-s[=e]r'), one who prepares or deals in plumes; PLUME'-BIRD, a -term sometimes given to the _Epimachidae_ or long-tailed -birds-of-Paradise.--_adjs._ PLUMED, adorned with feathers; -PLUME'LESS.--_n._ PLUME'LET, a down-feather, a plumule: anything resembling -a small plume.--_adj._ PLUME'-PLUCKED, stripped of plumes: (_Shak._) -humbled.--_n._ PLUM'ERY, a display of plumes.--_adjs._ PLUMIG'EROUS, -plumaged; PLU'MIPED, having feathered feet.--_n._ PLU'MIST, a -feather-dresser.--_adjs._ PLU'MOSE, PLU'MOUS, feathery: plume-like; PLU'MY, -covered or adorned with plumes. [O. Fr.,--L. _pluma_, a small soft -feather.] - -PLUMMER, PLUMMERY. See PLUMBER, PLUMBERY. - -PLUMMET, plum'et, _n._ a weight of lead hung at a string, used for -ascertaining the direction of the earth's attraction, and for sounding -depths: a plumb-line. [O. Fr. _plomet_, dim. of _plom_, lead.] - -PLUMP, plump, _adv._ falling straight downward (like lead): heavily: -suddenly.--_adj._ downright: unqualified.--_v.i._ to fall or sink suddenly: -to give all one's votes to one candidate where there are more than one to -be elected.--_v.t._ to cause to fall suddenly.--_n._ (_Scot._) a sudden -downfall of rain.--_n._ PLUMP'ER, a vote given to one candidate only when -more than one are to be elected: one who so votes: (_slang_) a downright -lie.--_adv._ PLUMP'LY, fully, without reserve. [_Plumb._] - -PLUMP, plump, _adj._ fat and rounded: sleek: in good condition.--_v.i._ to -grow fat or plump: to swell.--_v.t._ to make plump: to fatten.--_ns._ -PLUMP'ER, a ball kept in the mouth to give the cheeks a rounded appearance; -PLUMP'NESS.--_adj._ PLUMP'Y (_Shak._), plump, fat. [Teut.; Dut. _plomp_, -lumpish, Ger. _plump_.] - -PLUMP, plump, _n._ a cluster: a clump (of persons or things). - -PLUMULARIA, pl[=oo]-m[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of hydrozoa, belonging -to the division _hydroidea_.--_adj._ PLUMUL[=A]'RIAN. [L. _plumula_, a -little feather.] - -PLUMULE, pl[=oo]'m[=u]l, _n._ (_bot._) the first bud of a plant growing -from seed, springing from between the cotyledons or seed leaves: a soft -feather: a feathery scale on a butterfly's wing.--Also PLUM'ULA. [L. -_plumula_, dim. of _pluma_, a feather.] - -PLUNDER, plun'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to seize the goods of another by force: to -pillage.--_n._ that which is seized by force: booty: (_U.S._) household -goods.--_ns._ PLUN'DERAGE, the stealing of goods on board ship; -PLUN'DERER.--_adj._ PLUN'DEROUS. [Ger. _pl[:u]ndern_, to -pillage--_plunder_, trash, baggage; akin to Low Ger. _plunnen_, rags.] - -PLUNGE, plunj, _v.t._ to cast suddenly into water or other fluid: to force -suddenly (into): to immerse.--_v.i._ to sink suddenly into any fluid: to -dive: to pitch suddenly forward and throw up the hind-legs, as a horse: to -rush into any danger: (_slang_) to gamble recklessly.--_n._ act of -plunging: act of rushing headlong, as a horse.--_n._ PLUNG'ER, one who -plunges: a diver: a long solid cylinder used as a forcer in pumps: (_mil._) -a cavalry-man: one who bets heavily.--_adj._ PLUNG'ING, rushing headlong: -aimed from higher ground, as fire upon an enemy.--_n._ the putting or -sinking under water, or other fluid: the act of a horse trying to throw its -rider.--PLUNGE BATH, a bath large enough to allow the whole body under -water. [O. Fr. _plonger_--L. _plumbum_, lead.] - -PLUPERFECT, pl[=oo]'p[.e]r-fekt, _adj._ (_gram._) noting that an action -happened before some other past action referred to. [A corr. of L. -_plus-quam-perfectum_, (lit.) _more than_ or _before perfect_.] - -PLURAL, pl[=oo]'ral, _adj._ containing or expressing more than one.--_n._ -(_gram._) the form denoting more than one.--_n._ PLURALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ -PLU'RALISE, to make plural.--_v.i._ to hold two or more benefices -simultaneously.--_ns._ PLU'RALISM, the state of being plural: the holding -by one person of more than one office at once, esp. applied to -ecclesiastical livings; PLU'RALIST, one who holds more than one office at -one time; PLURAL'ITY, the state of being plural: a number consisting of -more than one: the majority: the holding of more than one benefice at one -time: the living held by a pluralist.--_adv._ PLU'RALLY. [Fr.,--L. -_pluralis_--_plus_, _pluris_, more.] - -PLURILITERAL, pl[=oo]-ri-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ containing more letters than -three. - -PLURILOCULAR, pl[=oo]-ri-lok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ multilocular. - -PLURIPAROUS, pl[=oo]-rip'a-rus, _adj._ having several young at a -birth.--_n._ PLURIP'ARA, one who has borne two or more children. - -PLURIPRESENCE, pl[=oo]-ri-prez'ens, _n._ presence in more places than one. -[L. _plus_, more, _praesentia_, presence.] - -PLURISY, pl[=oo]r'i-si, _n._ (_Shak._) superabundance. [L. _plus_, -_pluris_, more.] - -PLUS, plus, _adj._ more: to be added: positive.--_n._ the sign (+) prefixed -to positive quantities, and set between quantities or numbers to be added -together: the sign of addition--opp. to _Minus_. [L. _plus_, more.] - -PLUSH, plush, _n._ a variety of cloth woven like velvet, but differing from -it in having a longer and more open pile.--_adj._ PLUSH'Y, of or resembling -plush. [Fr. _peluche_, through Low L., from L. _pilus_, hair. See PILE, a -hairy surface.] - -PLUTOCRACY, pl[=oo]-tok'ra-si, _n._ government by the wealthy.--_n._ -PLU'TOCRAT.--_adj._ PLUTOCRAT'IC.--_ns._ PLUTOL'OGIST; PLUTOL'OGY, the -science of wealth: political economy. [Gr. _ploutokratia_--_ploutos_, -wealth, _kratia_--_kratein_, to rule.] - -PLUTONIAN, pl[=oo]-t[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ infernal: dark: (_geol._) formed by -the agency of heat at a depth below the surface of the earth, as -granite--also PLUTON'IC.--_ns._ PLU'TONISM; PLU'TONIST.--PLUTONIC ACTION, -the action of volcanic fires under the surface; PLUTONIC ROCKS, rocks -formed under the surface by the action of fire, as granite, porphyry, &c.; -PLUTONIC THEORY, the theory that the present state of the earth's crust is -the result of the action of fire--opp. to _Neptunian theory_. [L.,--Gr. -_Plout[=o]nios_--_Plout[=o]n_, Pluto, the god of the nether world.] - -PLUVIAL, pl[=oo]'vi-al, _adj._ pertaining to rain: rainy.--_ns._ -PLU'VIOGRAPH, a self-recording rain-gauge; PLUVIOM'ETER, an instrument for -measuring the amount of rain that falls.--_adjs._ PLUVIOMET'RIC, -AL; -PLU'VIOUS, rainy. [Fr.,--_pluvialis_--_pluvia_, rain.] - -PLY, pl[=i], _v.t._ to work at steadily: to use diligently: to urge: to -address with importunity.--_v.i._ to work steadily: to go in haste: to make -regular passages, as a boat, between two ports: (_naut._) to make way -against the wind:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ plied.--_n._ a fold: bent: -direction.--_n._ PLY'ER. [O. Fr. _plier_, to fold--L. _plic[=a]re_, to -bend.] - -PLYERS. Same as PLIERS. - -PLYMOUTH BRETHREN, plim'uth breth'ren, _n.pl._ a rigid religious sect, -originating at _Plymouth_ about 1830, out of a reaction against High Church -principles and against a dead formalism associated with unevangelical -doctrine.--_n._ PLYM'OUTHISM. - -PNEUMA, n[=u]'ma, _n._ breath: spirit, soul. [Gr.] - -PNEUMATIC, -AL, n[=u]-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ relating to air: consisting of -air: moved by air or wind.--_n._ (_coll._) a bicycle fitted with pneumatic -tires.--_adv._ PNEUMAT'ICALLY.--_n.sing._ PNEUMAT'ICS, the science which -treats of air and other elastic fluids or gases.--_adj._ -PNEUMATOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ PNEUMATOL'OGIST, one versed in pneumatology; -PNEUMATOL'OGY, the science of elastic fluids: pneumatics: the branch of -philosophy which treats of spirits or mind: (_theol._) the doctrine of the -Holy Spirit; PNEUMATOM'ETER, PNEUMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the -quantity of air inhaled into the lungs at a single inspiration.--_adj._ -PNEUMOGAS'TRIC, pertaining to the lungs and the stomach.--_n._ -PNEUM[=O]'NIA, inflammation of the tissues of the lungs--also -PNEU'MON[=I]'TIS.--_adj._ PNEUMON'IC, pertaining to the lungs.--_n._ a -medicine for lung diseases.--PNEUMATIC DESPATCH, a method of sending -letters, telegrams, and small parcels through tubes by means of compressed -air; PNEUMATIC RAILWAY, a railway along which the carriages are driven by -compressed air; PNEUMATIC TROUGH, a trough of wood or iron, filled with -water and used for collecting gases for experiment or examination; -PNEUMATIC TIRE, a flexible air-inflated tube used as a tire on cycles, &c. -[L.,--Gr. _pneumatikos_--_pneum-a_, _-atos_, wind, air--_pnein_, to blow, -to breathe.] - -PNYX, niks, _n._ in ancient Athens, the public place of meeting for -deliberation on political affairs: the assembly. [Gr.,--_pyknos_, crowded.] - -POACEAE, p[=o]-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a division of the order -_Gramineae_, the grasses.--_n._ P[=O]'A, a genus of grasses. [Gr. _poa_, -grass.] - -POACH, p[=o]ch, _v.t._ to dress eggs by breaking them into boiling water. -[Perh. Fr. _pocher_, to put in a pocket--_poche_, pouch.] - -POACH, p[=o]ch, _v.i._ to intrude on another's preserves in order to steal -game.--_v.t._ to steal game.--_ns._ POACH'ER, one who poaches or steals -game: the widgeon, from its habit of stealing the prey of other ducks; -POACH'ING. [O. Fr. _pocher_, orig. to pocket--_poche_, pouch.] - -POACH, p[=o]ch, _v.t._ to stab: poke: to tread on, and make slushy.--_n._ -POACH'INESS.--_adj._ POACH'Y, wet and soft. [O. Fr. _pocher_, to poke.] - -POCHARD, p[=o]'chard, _n._ a genus of diving ducks which are marine during -the greater part of the year. [_Poacher_, the widgeon.] - -POCK, pok, _n._ a small elevation of the skin containing matter, as in -smallpox.--_adjs._ POCKED, POCK'Y, infected with, or marked by, -smallpox.--_ns._ POCK'MARK, POCK'PIT, the mark, pit, or scar left by a -pock.--_adj._ POCK'PITTED. [A.S. _poc_, a pustule; Ger. _pocke_, Dut. -_pok_. The correct pl. form was _pocks_, erroneously _pox_, and treated as -singular.] - -POCKET, pok'et, _n._ a little pouch or bag, esp. one attached to a dress or -to a billiard table: any cavity in which anything can lie: in mining, an -irregular cavity filled with veinstone and ore: money, as being carried in -the pocket: a bag of wool, &c., containing about 168 lb.--_v.t._ to put in -the pocket: to take stealthily: to conceal:--_pr.p._ pock'eting; _pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ pock'eted.--_ns._ POCK'ET-BOOK, a note-book: a book for holding -papers or money carried in the pocket: a book for frequent perusal, to be -carried in the pocket; POCK'ET-BOR'OUGH (see BOROUGH); POCK'ET-CLOTH, a -pocket-handkerchief; POCK'ETFUL, as much as a pocket will hold; -POCK'ET-GLASS, a small looking-glass for the pocket; POCK'ET-HAND'KERCHIEF, -a handkerchief carried in the pocket; POCK'ET-HOLE, the opening into a -pocket; POCK'ET-KNIFE, a knife with one or more blades folding into the -handle for carrying in the pocket; POCK'ET-MON'EY, money carried for -occasional expenses; POCK'ET-PICK'ING, act or practice of picking the -pocket; POCK'ET-PIS'TOL, a pistol carried in the pocket: a small travelling -flask for liquor.--POCKET AN INSULT, AFFRONT, &c., to submit to or put up -with it; POCKET EDITION, a small portable edition of a standard book.--IN -POCKET, in possession of money; OUT OF POCKET, to lose money by a -transaction; PICK A PERSON'S POCKET, to steal from his pocket. [Fr. -_pochette_, dim. of _poche_, pouch.] - -POCKMANTY, pok-man'ti, _n._ (_Scot._) portmanteau. - -POCOCURANTE, p[=o]-k[=o]-k[=oo]-ran'te, _n._ a careless or inattentive -person.--_ns._ POCOCURANT'ISM, carelessness: inaccuracy; POCOCURANT'IST. -[It. _poco_, little, _curare_, to care.] - -POCULIFORM, pok'[=u]-li-form, _adj._ cup-shaped. [L. _poculum_, cup.] - -POD, pod, _n._ the covering of the seed of plants, as the pea or bean: a -shoal of fishes.--_v.i._ to fill, as a pod: to produce pods:--_pr.p._ -pod'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pod'ded. [Allied to _pad_, anything stuffed.] - -PODAGRA, p[=o]-dag'ra, _n._ gout in the feet.--_adjs._ POD'AGRAL, -PODAG'RIC, -AL, POD'AGROUS, gouty.--_n._ PODAL'GIA, pain, esp. neuralgia, -in the foot. [Gr. _pous_, _podos_, the foot, _agra_, a catching.] - -PODARGUS, p[=o]-dar'gus, _n._ a genus of arboreal and nocturnal birds -allied to the true Goatsuckers. [Gr. _pous_, the foot, _argos_, swift.] - -PODESTA, p[=o]-des't[:a], _n._ a chief magistrate in the medieval Italian -republics: an inferior municipal judge. [It.,--L. _potestas_, power.] - -PODGY, poj'i, _adj._ short and fat: thick. - -PODIUM, p[=o]'di-um, _n._ a continuous pedestal, a stylobate: (_anat._) a -foot: (_bot._) a support, as a foot-stalk.--__adj.__ P[=O]'DIAL.--_ns._ -PODIS'MUS, spasm of the muscles of the foot; P[=O]'DITE, a limb of a -crustacean when ambulatory.--__adj.__ PODIT'IC. - -PODOCARPUS, pod-[=o]-k[:a]r'pus, _n._ a genus of tropical coniferous trees. -[Gr. _pous_, _podos_, foot, _karpos_, fruit.] - -PODOPHTHALMA, pod-of-thal'ma, _n.pl._ a name often applied to a section of -Crustacea. [Gr. _pous_, foot, _ophthalmos_, the eye.] - -PODOPHYLLUM, pod-[=o]-fil'um, _n._ a genus of plants of the barberry -family, the fruit edible, other parts actively cathartic.--_n._ -PODOPHYLL'IN, the resin obtained by means of rectified spirit from its -root.--__adj.__ PODOPHYLL'OUS, having compressed leaf-like locomotive -organs. [Gr. _pous_, _podos_, foot, _phyllon_, leaf.] - -PODURA, p[=o]-d[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of apterous insects--_spring-tails_, -_snow-fleas_. [Gr. _pous_, foot, _oura_, tail.] - -POE, p[=o]'e, _n._ the parson-bird of New Zealand. - -POEM, p[=o]'em, _n._ a composition in verse: a composition of high beauty -of thought or language, although not in verse.--__adj.__ POEMAT'IC, -relating to a poem. [Fr. _po[`e]me_--L. _poema_--Gr. _poi[=e]ma_, _poiein_, -to make.] - -POENOLOGY. See PENOLOGY. - -POEPHAGOUS, p[=o]-ef'a-gus, _adj._ eating grass. - -POESY, p[=o]'e-si, _n._ the art of composing poems: poetry: a poem: -poetical compositions. [Fr. _po['e]sie_--L. _poesis_--Gr. -_poi[=e]sis_--_poiein_, to make.] - -POET, p[=o]'et, _n._ the author of a poem: one skilled in making poetry: -one with a strong imagination:--_fem._ P[=O]'ETESS.--_ns._ P[=O]'ETASTER, a -petty poet: a writer of contemptible verses; P[=O]'ETASTRY.--_adjs._ -POET'IC, -AL, pertaining or suitable to a poet or to poetry: expressed in -poetry: marked by poetic language: imaginative.--_adv._ POET'ICALLY, in a -poetic manner.--_n.sing._ POET'ICS, the branch of criticism which relates -to poetry.--_n._ POET'ICULE, a petty poet.--_v.i._ P[=O]'ETISE, to write as -a poet: to make verses.--_ns._ P[=O]'ET-LAU'REATE (see LAUREATE); -P[=O]'ETRESS (_Spens._), a poetess; P[=O]'ETRY, the art of expressing in -melodious words the thoughts which are the creations of feeling and -imagination: utterance in song: metrical composition.--POETIC JUSTICE, -ideal administration of reward and punishment; POETIC LICENSE, a departing -from strict fact or rule by a poet for the sake of effect. [Fr. -_po[`e]te_--L. _poeta_--Gr. _poi[=e]t[=e]s_--_poiein_, to make.] - -POGGE, pog, _n._ the armed bullhead. - -POH, p[=o], _interj._ exclamation of contempt. - -POIGNANT, poin'ant, _adj._ stinging, pricking: sharp: penetrating: acutely -painful: satirical: pungent.--_n._ POIGN'ANCY, state of being -poignant.--_adv._ POIGN'ANTLY. [O. Fr. _poignant_, _poindre_--L. -_pung[)e]re_, to sting.] - -POIND, poind, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to seize.--_n._ POIND'ING (_Scots law_), the -seizing and selling of a debtor's goods under process of law, or under the -warrant of a heritable security. [_Pound._] - -POINT, point, _n._ anything coming to a sharp end: the mark made by a sharp -instrument: (_geom._) that which has position but not length, breadth, or -thickness: a mark showing the divisions of a sentence: (_mus._) a dot at -the right hand of a note to lengthen it by one-half: needle-point lace: a -very small space: a moment of time: a small affair: a single thing: a -single assertion: the precise thing to be considered: anything intended: -exact place: degree: the unit of count in a game: (_print._) a unit of -measurement for type-bodies: an advantage: that which stings, as the point -of an epigram: an imaginary relish, in 'potatoes and point:' a lively turn -of thought: that which awakens attention: a peculiarity, characteristic: -(_cricket_) the fielder standing at the immediate right of the batsman, and -slightly in advance: a signal given by a trumpet: (_pl._) chief or -excellent features, as of a horse, &c.: the switch or movable rails which -allow a train to pass from one line to another.--_v.t._ to give a point to: -to sharpen: to aim: to direct one's attention: to punctuate, as a sentence: -to fill the joints of with mortar, as a wall.--_v.i._ to direct the finger, -the eye, or the mind towards an object: to show game by looking, as a -dog.--_adj._ POINT'ED, having a sharp point: sharp: intended for some -particular person: personal: keen: telling: (_archit._) having -sharply-pointed arches, Gothic.--_adv._ POINT'EDLY.--_ns._ POINT'EDNESS; -POINT'ER, that which points: a dog trained to point out game; POINT'ING, -the act of sharpening: the marking of divisions in writing by points or -marks: act of filling the crevices of a wall with mortar; POINT'ING-STOCK, -a thing to be pointed at, a laughing-stock; POINT'-LACE, a fine kind of -lace wrought with the needle.--_adj._ POINT'LESS, having no point: blunt: -dull: wanting keenness or smartness; POINTS'MAN, a man who has charge of -the points or switches on a railway; POINT'-SYS'TEM, a standard system of -sizes for type-bodies, one point being .0138 inch.--POINT FOR POINT, -exactly: all particulars; POINT OF ORDER, a question raised in a -deliberative society as to whether proceedings are according to the rules; -POINT OF VIEW, the position from which one looks at anything; POINT OUT -(_B._), to assign; POINTS OF THE COMPASS, the points _north_, _south_, -_east_, and _west_, along with the twenty-eight smaller divisions, marked -on the card of the mariner's compass.--At all points, completely; AT, or -ON, THE POINT OF, just about to; CARDINAL POINT (see CARDINAL); CARRY ONE'S -POINT, to gain what one contends for in controversy; FROM POINT TO POINT, -from one particular to another; GIVE POINTS TO, to give odds to: to give an -advantageous hint on any subject; IN POINT, apposite; IN POINT OF, with -regard to; MAKE A POINT OF, to attach special importance to; STAND UPON -POINTS, to be over-scrupulous; Strain a point, to go beyond proper limits; -TO THE POINT, appropriate. [O. Fr.,--L. _punctum_--_pung[)e]re_, to prick.] - -POINT-BLANK, point'-blangk', _adj._ aimed directly at the mark: -direct.--_adv._ directly.--POINT-BLANK SHOT, a shot fired in a horizontal -line towards an object. [Fr. _point-blanc_, white point.] - -POINT-DEVICE, POINT-DEVISE, point'-de-v[=i]s', _n._ (_orig._) a lace worked -with devices: anything uncommonly nice and exact.--_adj._ (_arch._) -scrupulously neat. [Fr. _point_, lace, _devis['e]_, with a device.] - -POINTEL, poin'tel, _n._ a sharp instrument: any sharp-pointed thing. [O. -Fr.,--Low L. _punctillum_, a little point.] - -POISE, poiz, _v.t._ to balance: to make of equal weight: to -examine.--_v.i._ to hang in suspense.--_n._ weight: state of balance: -equilibrium: a weight which balances another: a regulating power: the -weight used in steelyards.--_n._ POIS'ER, one who, or that which, poises. -[O. Fr. _poiser_ (Fr. _peser_)--L. _pens[=a]re_, inten. of _pend[)e]re_, to -hang.] - -POISON, poi'zn, _n._ any substance which, introduced into the living -organism, tends to destroy its life or impair its health: anything -malignant or infectious: that which taints or destroys moral -purity.--_v.t._ to infect or to kill with poison: to taint: to mar: to -embitter: to corrupt.--_adj._ POI'SONABLE.--_ns._ POI'SONER; POI'SON-FANG, -one of two large tubular teeth in the upper jaw of venomous serpents, -through which poison passes from glands at their roots when the animal -bites; POI'SON-GLAND, a gland which secretes poison; POI'SON-[=I]'VY, a -shrub-vine of North America, causing a cutaneous eruption; POI'SON-NUT, the -nux vomica.--_adj._ POI'SONOUS, having the quality of poison: destructive: -impairing soundness or purity.--_adv._ POI'SONOUSLY.--_n._ POI'SONOUSNESS. -[Fr.,--L. _potio_, a draught--_pot[=a]re_, to drink.] - -POITREL, poi'trel, _n._ armour to protect the horse's breast. [O. Fr. -_poitral_--L. _pectorale_, a breast-plate--_pectus_, the breast.] - -POITRINE, poi'trin, _n._ the breast-plate of a knight. - -POKAL, p[=o]'kal, _n._ an ornamental drinking-vessel. - -POKE, p[=o]k, _n._ a bag: a pouch.--A PIG IN A POKE, a blind bargain, as of -a pig bought without being seen. [Prob. Celt., as Ir. _poc_, a bag.] - -POKE, p[=o]k, _v.t._ to thrust or push against with something pointed: to -search for with a long instrument: to thrust at with the horns.--_v.i._ to -grope or feel, as in the dark.--_n._ act of pushing or thrusting: a thrust: -a bonnet having a projecting front worn earlier in the century--also -POKE'-BONN'ET.--_ns._ P[=O]'KER, an iron rod for poking or stirring the -fire; PO'KER-DRAW'ING, a design burnt into lime-tree or other wood with -'pokers,' which rather resembled plumbers' soldering irons.--_adj._ -P[=O]'KERISH, like a poker: stiff.--_adv._ P[=O]'KERISHLY.--_adj._ -P[=O]'KING, drudging, servile.--_n._ P[=O]'KING-STICK, a small stick or rod -of steel formerly used for adjusting the plaits of ruffs.--_adj._ P[=O]'KY, -stupid: dull: confined, with little room: poor, shabby.--POKE FUN AT, to -ridicule, make fun of. [Ir. _poc_, a blow, Gael. _puc_, to push.] - -POKER, p[=o]'k[.e]r, _n._ a bugbear.--_adj._ P[=O]'KERISH, causing terror: -uncanny.--OLD POKER, the devil. - -POKER, p[=o]'k[.e]r, _n._ a round game at cards, first played in America -about 1835. [Ety. uncertain.] - -POLABIAN, p[=o]-l[=a]'bi-an, _n._ one of an ancient Slavic race, belonging -to the same group as the _Poles_, occupying the basin of the lower Elbe. - -POLACCA, po-lak'a, _n._ a species of vessel used in the Mediterranean, with -three masts and a jib-boom; the fore and main masts being of one piece, and -the mizzen-mast with a top and topmast. [It., 'a Polish vessel.'] - -POLACK, p[=o]l'ak, _n._ (_Shak._) a Pole.--Also POL'ANDER. - -POLAR, p[=o]'lar, _adj._ pertaining to, or situated near, either of the -poles: pertaining to the magnetic poles: having a common -meeting-point.--_n._ (_geom._) the line joining the points of contact, of -tangents drawn to meet a curve from a point called the pole of the -line.--_ns.pl._ P[=O]LAR-CO-OR'DINATES, co-ordinates defining a point by -means of a radius vector and the angle which it makes with a fixed line -through the origin; P[=O]'LAR-FOR'CES, forces that act in pairs and in -different directions, as in magnetism.--_n._ POLARIM'ETER, the -polariscope.--_adj._ POLAR[=I]'SABLE, capable of polarisation.--_ns._ -POLARIS[=A]'TION (_opt._), a particular modification of rays of light, by -the action of certain media or surfaces, so that they cannot be reflected -or refracted again in certain directions: state of having polarity; -POLAR'ISCOPE, an instrument for polarising light, and analysing its -properties.--_v.t._ P[=O]'LARISE, to give polarity to.--_ns._ -P[=O]'LARISER, that which polarises or gives polarity to; POLAR'ITY, state -of having two opposite poles: a condition in certain bodies according to -which their properties arrange themselves so as to have opposite powers in -opposite directions, as in a magnet with its two poles.--POLAR BEAR, a -large white bear found in the Arctic regions; POLAR CIRCLE, a parallel of -latitude encircling each of the poles at a distance of 23deg 28' from the -pole--the north polar being called the arctic, the south the antarctic, -circle; POLAR LIGHTS, the aurora borealis or australis. [L. -_polaris_--_polus_, a pole.] - -POLDER, p[=o]l'd[.e]r, _n._ in the Netherlands, land below the level of the -sea or nearest river, which, originally a morass or lake, has been drained -and brought under cultivation: a morass. [Prob. cog. with _pool_.] - -POLE, p[=o]l, _n._ that on which anything turns, as a pivot or axis: one of -the ends of the axis of a sphere, esp. of the earth: (_physics_) one of the -two points of a body in which the attractive or repulsive energy is -concentrated, as in a magnet: (_geom._) a point from which a pencil of rays -radiates (see POLAR).--_n._ POLE'-STAR, a star at or near the pole of the -heavens: a guide or director.--POLES OF THE HEAVENS, the two points in the -heavens opposite to the poles of the earth--called also _Celestial poles_. -[Fr.,--L. _polus_--Gr. _polos_--_pelein_, to be in motion.] - -POLE, p[=o]l, _n._ a pale or pile: a long piece of wood: an instrument for -measuring: a measure of length, 5-1/2 yards: in square measure, 30-1/4 -yards.--_v.t._ to push or stir with a pole.--_v.i._ to use a -pole.--__adj.__ POLE'-CLIPT (_Shak._), hedged in with poles.--UNDER BARE -POLES, with all sails furled. [A.S. _p['a]l_ (Ger. _pfahl_)--L. _palus_, a -stake.] - -POLE, p[=o]l, _n._ a native of _Poland_. - -[Illustration] - -POLE-AXE, p[=o]l'-aks, _n._ a battle-axe consisting of an axe-head on a -long handle: an axe used by sailors for cutting away rigging of ships. -[Orig. _pollax_, from _poll_, the head, and _axe_.] - -POLECAT, p[=o]l'kat, _n._ a kind of weasel, which emits a stink--called -also the _Fitchet_ and _Foumart_. [M. E. _polcat_; prob. Fr. _poule_, hen, -and _cat_.] - -POLEMARCH, pol'e-mark, _n._ a title of several officials in ancient Greek -states. - -POLEMIC, -AL, po-lem'ik, -al, _adj._ given to disputing: -controversial.--_n._ one who disputes: one who speaks or writes in -opposition to another: a controversy.--_adv._ POLEM'ICALLY.--_n.sing._ -POLEM'ICS, contest or controversy: (_theol._) the history of ecclesiastical -controversy.--_n._ POL'EMOSCOPE, a perspective glass so constructed as to -give views of objects not lying directly before the eye. [Gr. _polemos_, -war.] - -POLEMONIACEAE, pol-e-m[=o]-ni-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of -plants--the phlox family. - -POLENTA, po-len'ta, _n._ an Italian dish, the chief ingredients of which -are maize, meal, and salt. [It.,--L. _polenta_, peeled barley.] - -POLEY, p[=o]'li, _adj._ without horns: polled. [Prov. Eng.] - -POLIANTHES, pol-i-an'th[=e]z, _n._ a small genus of ornamental plants of -the amaryllis family--the tuberose. [Gr. _polios_, white, _anthos_, a -flower.] - -POLICE, p[=o]-l[=e]s', _n._ the system of regulations of a city, town, or -district for the preservation of order and enforcement of law: the internal -government of a state: (short for POLICE'-FORCE) the civil officers -employed to preserve order, &c.--_v.t._ to guard or maintain order in: to -put in order.--_n.pl._ POLICE'-COMMISS'IONERS, a body of men appointed to -regulate the appointments and duties of the police.--_ns._ -POLICE'-INSPECT'OR, a superior officer of police who has charge of a -department, next in rank to a superintendent; POLICE'-MAG'ISTRATE, one who -presides in a police court; POLICE'MAN, a member of a police-force; -POLICE'-OFF'ICE, -ST[=A]'TION, the headquarters of the police of a -district, used also as a temporary place of confinement; POLICE'-OFF'ICER, --CON'STABLE, a policeman; POLICE'-RATE, a tax levied for the support of the -police.--POLICE COURT, a court for trying small offences brought before it -by the police. [Fr.,--L. _politia_--Gr. _politeia_, the condition of a -state--_polit[=e]s_, a citizen--_polis_, a city.] - -POLICY, pol'i-si, _n._ the art or manner of regulating or guiding conduct: -the method and forms according to which the government and business of a -country are carried on: a system of administration guided more by interest -than by principle: dexterity of management: prudence: cunning: in Scotland, -(esp. in _pl._) the pleasure-grounds around a mansion. [O. Fr. _policie_ -(Fr. _police_)--L. _politia_--Gr. _politeia_.] - -POLICY, pol'i-si, _n._ a warrant for money in the funds: a writing -containing a contract of insurance: a kind of gambling by betting on the -numbers to be drawn in a lottery.--_n._ POL'ICY-HOLD'ER, one who holds a -policy or contract of insurance. [Fr. _police_, a policy--L. _polyptychum_, -a register--Gr. _polyptychon_--_polys_, many, _ptyx_, _ptychos_, fold.] - -POLING, p[=o]'ling, _n._ act of using a pole for any purpose. - -POLISH, p[=o]'lish, _adj._ relating to _Poland_ or to its people. - -POLISH, pol'ish, _v.t._ to make smooth and glossy by rubbing: to refine: to -make elegant.--_v.i._ to become smooth and glossy.--_n._ a smooth, glossy -surface: refinement of manners: anything used to produce a polish.--_adjs._ -POL'ISHABLE; POL'ISHED, made smooth by rubbing: trained to act with great -fineness and exactness: refined: polite.--_ns._ POL'ISHER, one who, or that -which, polishes; POL'ISHING-PASTE, polishing material made in the form of -paste; POL'ISHING-POW'DER, polishing material made in the form of powder, -as whiting, diamond-dust, &c.; POL'ISHING-SLATE, a mineral used for -polishing glass, marble, and metals, composed chiefly of silica, with a -little alumina, lime, oxide of iron, and water; POL'ISHMENT. [O. Fr. -_polir_, _polissant_--L. _pol[=i]re_, to make to shine.] - -POLITE, p[=o]-l[=i]t', _adj._ polished: smooth: refined: well-bred: -obliging.--_adv._ POLITE'LY.--_ns._ POLITE'NESS, state or quality of being -polite: refinement of manners: good-breeding; POLITESSE', politeness. [L. -_politus_, pa.p. of _pol[=i]re_.] - -POLITIC, p[=o]l'i-tik, _adj._ pertaining to policy: well-devised: judicious -in management: skilled in political affairs: prudent: discreet: cunning: -(_Shak._) concerned with politics.--_adj._ POLIT'ICAL, pertaining to polity -or government: pertaining to nations, or to parties in a nation who differ -in their views of how it ought to be governed: derived from -government.--_adv._ POLIT'ICALLY.--_ns._ POLIT'ICASTER (_Milt._), a petty -politician; POLITIC'IAN, one versed in or devoted to politics: a man of -artifice and cunning.--_adj._ (_Milt._) politic.--_adv._ -POL'ITICLY.--_n.sing._ POL'ITICS, the art or science of government: the -management of a political party: political affairs or opinions.--_adj._ -POL'ITIQUE (_Bacon_), political, civil.--_n._ POL'ITY, the constitution of -the government of a state or an institution: civil constitution: a body of -people arranged under a system of government.--POLITICAL ECONOMY, the -science which treats of the production, distribution, and consumption of -wealth; POLITICAL SCIENCE, the science or study of government, as to its -principles, aims, methods, &c.--BODY POLITIC, the whole body of a people, -as constituting a state. [Fr. _politique_--Gr. _politikos_--_polit[=e]s_, a -citizen.] - -POLKA, p[=o]l'ka, _n._ a dance of Bohemian origin, invented in 1830, and -introduced into England in 1843--also its tune: a knitted jacket worn by -women.--_v.i._ POLK, to dance a polka. [Bohem. _pulka_, half, from the -half-step prevalent in it; or from Slav. _polka_, a Polish woman.] - -POLL, pol, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to exact from, to plunder. - -POLL, pol, _n._ a familiar name, often of a parrot. [Contr. of _Polly_, a -form of _Molly_=_Mary_.] - -POLL, p[=o]l, _n._ the round part of the head, esp. the back of it: a -register of heads or persons: the entry of the names of electors who vote -for civil officers, such as members of Parliament: an election of civil -officers: the place where the votes are taken.--_v.t._ to remove the top: -to cut: to clip: to lop, as the branches of a tree: to enter one's name in -a register: to bring to the poll as a voter: to give or to receive a -vote.--_v.i._ to give a vote.--_ns._ POLL'ARCHY, government by the mob or -masses; POLL'-BOOK, a register of voters; POLL'-CLERK, a clerk who assists -at the polling of voters.--_adj._ POLLED, deprived of a poll: lopped: -cropped, hence bald: having cast the horns, hence wanting horns.--_ns._ -POLL'ER, one who polls; POLL'-MAN, one who takes the ordinary university -degree, without honours; POLL'-TAX, a tax by the poll or head--i.e. on each -person.--AT THE HEAD OF THE POLL, having the greatest number of votes at an -election. [Old Dut. _polle_, _bol_, a ball, top--Ice. _kollr_, top, head.] - -POLLACK, pol'ak, _n._ a common fish on British coasts, belonging to the -cod, haddock, and whiting group.--Also POLL'OCK. [Celt., as in Gael. -_pollag_, a whiting.] - -POLLAN, pol'an, _n._ a fresh-water fish of the family _Salmonidae_, a -native of lakes in Ireland. - -POLLARD, pol'ard, _n._ a tree having the whole crown cut off, leaving it to -send out new branches from the top of the stem: an animal without horns: a -coarse kind of bran from wheat.--_v.t._ to make a pollard of. [Cf. _Poll_, -the head.] - -POLLAXE. Same as POLEAXE. - -POLLEN, pol'en, _n._ the fertilising powder contained in the anthers of -flowers: the male or fecundating element in flowers.--_v.t._ to cover with -pollen.--_adj._ POLLEN[=A]'RIOUS, consisting of pollen.--_v.t._ POLL'ENISE, -to supply with pollen.--_n._ POLL'EN-TUBE, the tube by which the -fecundating element is conveyed to the ovule.--_adj._ POLL'INAR, covered -with a fine dust like pollen.--_v.t._ POLL'INATE, to convey pollen to the -stigma of.--_n._ POLLIN[=A]'TION, the transferring or supplying of pollen -to the stigma of a flower, esp. by aid of insects or other external -agents.--_adj._ POLLINIF'EROUS, bearing pollen.--_n._ POLLIN'IUM, an -agglutinated mass of pollen grains.--_adjs._ POLLINIV'OROUS, feeding upon -pollen; POLL'INOSE, covered with a powdery substance like pollen. [L., fine -flour.] - -POLLENT, pol'ent, _adj._ powerful: strong. [L. _pollens_, _-entis_, pr.p. -of _poll[=e]re_, to be strong.] - -POLLEX, pol'eks, _n._ the thumb or the great-toe:--_pl._ POLLICES -(pol'i-s[=e]z).--_adj._ POLL'ICAL. [L., the thumb.] - -POLLICITATION, po-lis-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ a promise, a paper containing -such: a promise without mutuality. - -POLLIWIG, pol'i-wig, _n._ a tadpole.--Also POLL'YWIG. - -POLLUSION, pol-l[=u]'shun, _n._ (_Shak._) for _allusion_. - -POLLUTE, pol-l[=u]t', _v.t._ to soil: to defile: to make foul: to taint: to -corrupt: to profane: to violate.--_adj._ defiled.--_adj._ -POLLUT'ED.--_adv._ POLLUT'EDLY.--_ns._ POLLUT'EDNESS; POLLUT'ER; -POLL[=U]'TION, act of polluting: state of being polluted: defilement. [L. -_pollu[)e]re_, _pollutus_--_pol_, towards, _lu[)e]re_, to wash.] - -POLLUX, pol'uks, _n._ (_myth._) the twin brother of Castor: a star in the -constellation of the twins. [L.] - -POLLY. See POLL (2). - -POLO, p[=o]'lo, _n._ an equestrian game, which may be shortly described as -hockey on horseback--of Oriental origin and high antiquity. - -POLO, p[=o]'lo, _n._ a Spanish gipsy dance. - -POLONAISE, p[=o]-l[=o]-n[=a]z', _n._ a light kind of gown looped up at the -sides to show an ornamented petticoat: a short overcoat bordered with fur: -a Polish national dance of slow movement in 3/4 time, during which the -dancers march or promenade: music for such a dance. [Fr., 'Polish.'] - -POLONY, po-l[=o]'ni, _n._ a dry sausage made of meat partly cooked. [Prob. -a corr. of _Bologna sausage_.] - -POLT, p[=o]lt, _n._ a blow. - -POLTROON, pol-tr[=oo]n', _n._ an idle, lazy fellow: a coward: a dastard: -one without spirit.--_adj._ base, vile, contemptible.--_n._ POLTROON'ERY, -laziness: cowardice: want of spirit. [Fr. _poltron_--It. _poltro_ (for -_polstro_), lazy--Ger. _polster_, a bolster.] - -POLVERINE, pol'v[.e]r-in, _n._ the calcined ashes of a Levantine and Syrian -plant, used in glass-making. [It. _polverino_--L. _pulvis_, _pulv[)e]ris_, -dust.] - -POLYACOUSTIC, pol-i-a-kowst'ik, _adj._ multiplying or magnifying -sound.--_n._ an instrument for effecting this. - -POLYACT, pol'i-akt, _adj._ having numerous rays.--Also POLYAC'TINAL. - -POLYAD, pol'i-ad, _n._ (_chem._) an element whose valence is greater than -two. - -POLYADELPH, pol'i-a-delf, _n._ a plant having its stamens united in three -or more bundles by the filaments.--_n.pl._ POLYADEL'PHIA, the 18th class in -the Linnaean system.--_adjs._ POLYADEL'PHIAN, POLYADEL'PHOUS. - -POLYANDRIA, pol-i-an'dri-a, _n._ a class of plants in the Linnaean system, -having more than twenty stamens inserted on the receptacle.--_adjs._ -POLYAN'DRIAN, POLYAN'DROUS.--_n._ POLYAN'DRY, the social usage of some -races in certain stages of civilisation in which the woman normally forms a -union with several husbands. [Gr. _polys_, many, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a -man.] - -POLYANTHUS, pol-i-an'thus, _n._ a kind of primrose much prized and -cultivated by florists:--_pl._ POLYAN'THUSES.--_n._ POLYAN'THEA, a -note-book for keeping choice quotations. [Gr. _polys_, many, _anthos_, a -flower.] - -POLYARCHY, pol'i-ar-ki, _n._ government by many persons of whatever -class.--_n._ POL'YARCHIST. [Gr. _polys_, many, _archein_, to rule.] - -POLYATOMIC, pol-i-a-tom'ik, _adj._ (_chem._) noting elements or radicals -with an equivalency greater than two: with more than one atom in the -molecule. - -POLYAUTOGRAPHY, pol-i-aw-tog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of multiplying copies of -one's own handwriting. - -POLYBASIC, pol-i-b[=a]'sik, _adj._ (_chem._) capable of combining with more -than two univalent bases. - -POLYCARPIC, pol-i-kar'pik, _adj._ fruiting many times or year after year. - -POLYCARPOUS, pol-i-kar'pus, _adj._ having the fruit composed of two or more -distinct carpels. - -POLYCHORD, pol'i-kord, _adj._ having many chords. - -POLYCHRESTIC, pol-i-kres'tik, _adj._ admitting of use in various -ways.--_n._ POL'YCHRESTY. - -POLYCHROITE, pol-i-kr[=o]'[=i]t, _n._ safranine. - -POLYCHROMATIC, pol-i-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ many-coloured--also -POLYCHR[=O]'MIC.--_adj._ POL'YCHROME, having, or tinted with, several or -many colours.--_n._ POL'YCHROMY, decoration or execution in many colours, -esp. of statuary or buildings. - -POLYCLADOUS, pol-i-kl[=a]'dus, _adj._ much-branched.--_n._ POL'YCL[=A]DY, -the production of a number of branches where there is normally but one. - -POLYCOTYLEDON, pol-i-kot-i-l[=e]'don, _n._ a plant whose embryo has more -than two cotyledons or seed-lobes.--_adj._ POLYCOTYL[=E]'DONOUS. - -POLYCRACY, p[=o]-lik'r[=a]-si, _n._ government by many rulers. - -POLYCROTIC, pol-i-krot'ik, _adj._ having several beats--of pulses. - -POLYDACTYL, pol-i-dak'til, _adj._ having many digits.--_n._ a polydactyl -animal.--_n._ POLYDAC'TYLISM, the condition of having many digits.--_adj._ -POLYDAC'TYLOUS. - -POLYDIPSIA, pol-i-dip'si-a, _n._ excessive thirst. [Gr. _polys_, much, -_dipsa_, thirst.] - -POLYERGIC, pol-i-er'jik, _adj._ acting in many ways. - -POLYFOIL, pol'i-foil, _n._ an opening or ornament consisting of several -combined foliations, a combination of more than five foils.--Also _adj._ - -POLYGALACEAE, pol-i-g[=a]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ an order of -polypetalous plants--the milkwort family. - -POLYGAMY, p[=o]-lig'a-mi, _n._ the practice of having more than one wife at -the same time.--_n.pl._ POLYG[=A]'MIA, the 23d class in the Linnaean -system, embracing plants in which the stamens and pistils are separate in -some flowers and associated in others.--_adj._ POLYG[=A]'MIAN.--_n._ -POLYG'AMIST.--_adj._ POLYG'AMOUS, relating to polygamy: (_bot._) a term -applied to plants which bear both unisexual and hermaphrodite flowers, -either on the same or on different individual plants. [Gr.,--_polys_, many, -_gamos_, marriage.] - -POLYGASTRIC, pol-i-gas'trik, _adj._ having, or appearing to have, many -stomachs, as an animalcule.--Also POLYGAS'TRIAN. - -POLYGENESIS, pol-i-jen'e-sis, _n._ origin from many separate germs: the -theory that organisms sprang from different cells.--_adjs._ POLYGENET'IC, -POLYGEN'IC, POLYG'ENOUS.--_ns._ POLYG'ENISM; POLYG'ENIST; POLYG'ENY, the -multiple genesis of man. - -POLYGLOT, pol'i-glot, _adj._ having or containing many languages.--_n._ a -collection of versions in different languages of the same work, esp. a -Bible of this kind: one who understands many languages.--_adjs._ -POLYGLOT'TIC, POLYGLOT'TOUS. [Gr. _polys_, many, _gl[=o]tta_, the tongue.] - -POLYGON, pol'i-gon, _n._ a plane figure bound by a number of straight -lines: a figure of many angles.--_adjs._ POLYG'ONAL, POLYG'ONOUS. [L.,--Gr. -_polyg[=o]non_--_polys_, many, _g[=o]nia_, a corner.] - -POLYGONUM, po-lig'o-num, _n._ a kind of plant with many joints, as the -bistort, knotweed, &c.--_n.pl._ POLYGON[=A]'CEAE, an order of apetalous -plants, mostly herbs--the buckwheat family. [Gr. _polys_, many, _gonu_, a -knee.] - -POLYGRAM, pol'i-gram, _n._ a figure consisting of many lines.--_adj._ -POLYGRAMMAT'IC. - -POLYGRAPH, pol'i-graf, _n._ an instrument for multiplying copies of a -writing: a collection of different books.--_adjs._ POLYGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ -POLYG'RAPHY, voluminous writing: art of writing in various ciphers. - -POLYGYNY, p[=o]-lij'i-ni, _n._ polygamy.--_n._ POL'YGYN, a plant of the -order POLYGYN'IA (_pl._), the 12th order in the first 13 classes of the -Linnaean artificial system of plants, embracing those having flowers with -more than twelve styles.--_adjs._ POLYGYN'IAN, POLYGYN'IC, POLYG'YNOUS. -[Gr. _polys_, many, _gyn[=e]_, woman.] - -POLYHEDRON, pol-i-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid body with many bases or -sides.--_adjs._ POLYH[=E]'DRAL, POLYH[=E]'DRICAL, POLYH[=E]'DROUS. [Gr. -_polys_, many, _hedra_, a base.] - -POLYHISTOR, pol-i-his'tor, _n._ a person of great and varied learning. - -POLYHYMNIA, pol-i-him'ni-a, _n._ the muse of the sublime hymn. [Gr. -_polys_, many, _hymnos_, a hymn.] - -POLYMATHY, p[=o]-lim'a-thi, _n._ knowledge of many arts and sciences.--_n._ -POL'YMATH, a person possessing this.--_adj._ POLYMATH'IC.--_n._ -POLYM'ATHIST. - -POLYMERISM, p[=o]-lim'[.e]r-ism, _n._ a particular form of isomerism, the -property possessed by several compounds of having similar percentage -composition but different molecular weights. [Gr. _polys_, many, _meros_, -part.] - -POLYMORPHOUS, pol-i-mor'fus, _adj._ having many forms: varying in -appearance: taking on many changes--also POLYMOR'PHIC.--_ns._ POL'YMORPH, -an organism showing polymorphism: a substance that crystallises in two or -more systems; POLYMOR'PHISM, the property of being polymorphous. [Gr. -_polys_, many, _morph[=e],_ form.] - -POLYNESIAN, pol-i-n[=e]'zi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Polynesia_, the -numerous groups of islands in the Pacific within or near the tropics.--_n._ -a native of Polynesia. [Gr. _polys_, many, _n[=e]sos_, an island.] - -POLYNOMIAL, pol-i-n[=o]'mi-al, _n._ an algebraic quantity of many names or -terms--same as _multinomial_--also POL'YNOME.--_adj._ of many names or -terms.--_n._ POLYN[=O]'MIALISM. [Gr. _polys_, many, L. _nomen_, a name.] - -POLYONYMOUS, pol-i-on'i-mus, _adj_. having many names.--_n._ POL'YONYM, a -name consisting of several terms.--_adjs._ POLYON'YMAL; POLYONYM'IC, of -more than two terms.--_ns._ POLYON'YMIST; POLYON'YMY, multiplicity of names -for the same object. - -POLYOPIA, pol-i-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ multiple vision.--Also POL'YOPY. - -POLYOPTRUM, pol-i-op'trum, _n._ a glass through which objects appear -multiplied but diminished.--Also POLYOP'TRON. - -POLYORAMA, pol-i-[=o]-ra'ma, _n._ an optical apparatus presenting many -views. - -POLYP, POLYPE, pol'ip, _n._ a name usually applied to an animal like the -fresh-water hydra, having a tubular body, and a wreath of many tentacles -round the mouth: something with many feet or roots: a pedunculated tumour -attached to the surface of a mucous membrane--in the nose, &c.--also -POL'YPUS:--_pl._ POLYPES (pol'ips), POLYPI (pol'i-p[=i]).--_ns._ POL'YPARY, -the horny or chitonous outer covering of a colony of polyps; POL'YPIDE, an -individual zo[:o]id of a polyzoarium or compound polyzoan; POLYP'IDOM, an -aggregate of polypites or polypides; POL'YPIER, one individual of a -compound polyp: a polypidom, polypary, or polyp-stock.--_adj._ POL'YPOUS. -[Gr. _polypous_--_polys_, many, _pous_, foot.] - -POLYPETALOUS, pol-i-pet'al-us, _adj._ with many petals. [Gr. _polys_, many, -_petalon_, a leaf.] - -POLYPHAGOUS, p[=o]-lif'a-gus, _adj._ eating many different kinds of food. - -POLYPHARMACY, pol-i-f[:a]r'ma-si _n._ the prescribing of too many -medicines. - -POLYPHLOESBOEAN, pol-i-fles-b[=e]'an, _adj._ loud-roaring. [Homer's -frequent description of the sea, _polys_, much, _phloisbos_, noise.] - -POLYPHONIC, pol-i-fon'ik, _adj._ capable of being read in more than one -way: noting a musical composition of two or more parts, each with an -independent melody of its own.--_ns._ POL'YPH[=O]NISM, POLYPH'ONY; -POL'YPH[=O]NIST, a ventriloquist: a contrapuntist. [Gr. _polys_, many, -_ph[=o]n[=e]_, a voice.] - -POLYPHYLETIC, pol-i-f[=i]-let'ik, _adj._ pertaining to many tribes or -families: pertaining to the theory that animals are derived from several -sources. - -POLYPHYLLOUS, pol-i-fil'us, _adj._ many-leafed. - -POLYPLASTIC, pol-i-plas'tik, _adj._ having or assuming many forms. - -POLYPODE, pol'i-p[=o]d, _n._ an animal with many feet. [Gr. -_polypous_--_polys_, many, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.] - -POLYPODIUM, pol-i-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ a genus of ferns with spore-cases on -the back of the frond, distinct, ring-shaped, in roundish _sori_, destitute -of _indusium_.--_n._ POL'YPODY, a fern of the genus _Polypodium_, having -the seed-clusters round, and on each side of the midrib. [Gr. _polys_, -many, _pous_, a foot.] - -POLYPOROUS, p[=o]-lip'[=o]-rus, _adj._ having many pores. - -POLYPORUS, p[=o]-lip'or-us, _n._ a large genus of pore-bearing fungus, -which grows on trees, from which amadou is prepared. [Gr. _polys_, many, -_poros_, a passage.] - -POLYPTERUS, p[=o]-lip'te-rus, _n._ a genus of Ganoid fishes of one species, -in the Nile and elsewhere. [Gr. _polys_, many, _pteron_, a wing.] - -POLYRHIZOUS, pol-i-r[=i]'zus, _adj._ possessing numerous rootlets.--Also -POLYRH[=I]'ZAL. - -POLYSCOPE, pol'i-sk[=o]p, _n._ a multiplying lens: (_surg._) an instrument -for throwing light into cavities of the body. - -POLYSEPALOUS, pol-i-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having the sepals separate from each -other. - -POLYSPERM, pol'i-sperm, _n._ a tree whose fruit contains many -seeds.--_adjs._ POLYSPER'MAL, POLYSPER'MOUS, containing many seeds. - -POLYSPOROUS, pol-i-sp[=o]'rus, _adj._ producing many spores. - -POLYSTIGMOUS, pol-i-stig'mus, _adj._ having many carpels. - -POLYSTOME, pol'i-st[=o]m, _n._ an animal with many mouths.--_adj._ -POLYSTOM'ATOUS. - -POLYSTYLE, pol'i-st[=i]l, _adj._ having many columns.--_adj._ POLYSTY'LOUS. - -POLYSYLLABLE, pol'i-sil-a-bl, _n._ a word of many or of more than three -syllables.--_adjs._ POLYSYLLAB'IC, -AL.--_ns._ POLYSYLLAB'ICISM, -POLYSYLL'ABISM. - -POLYSYLLOGISM, pol-i-sil'[=o]-jizm, _n._ a combination of -syllogisms.--_adj._ POLYSYLLOGIS'TIC. - -POLYSYMMETRICAL, pol-i-si-met'ri-kal, _adj._ divisible into exactly similar -halves by more than one plane.--_adv._ POLYSYMMET'RICALLY.--_n._ -POLYSYM'METRY. - -POLYSYNDETON, pol-i-sin'de-ton, _n._ (_rhet._) figurative repetition of -connectives or conjunctions. - -POLYSYNTHETIC, -AL, pol-i-sin-thet'ik, -al, _adj._ made up of many separate -elements: formed by the combination of many simple words, as words in the -native languages of America.--_n._ POLYSYN'THESIS.--_adv._ -POLYSYNTHET'ICALLY.--_ns._ POLYSYNTHET'ICISM, POLYSYN'THETISM, the -character of being polysynthetic. - -POLYTECHNIC, -AL, pol-i-tek'nik, -al, _adj._ comprehending many arts.--_n._ -an exhibition of objects illustrating many arts: an institution in which -many arts are taught.--_ns._ POLYTECH'NICS, the science of the mechanical -arts; POLYTECH'NIQUE, or POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL, an industrial school in which -the technical sciences that rest in great part upon a mathematical basis, -such as engineering, architecture, &c., are taught. [Gr. _polys_, many, -_techn[=e]_, an art.] - -POLYTHALAMOUS, pol-i-thal'a-mus, _adj._ having many cells or chambers. - -POLYTHEISM, pol'i-th[=e]-izm, _n._ the doctrine of a plurality of -gods.--_v.i._ POL'YTHEISE, to adhere to, or conform to, polytheism.--_n._ -POL'YTHEIST, a believer in many gods.--_adjs._ POLYTHEIST'IC, -AL.--_adv._ -POLYTHEIST'ICALLY. [Gr. _polys_, many, _theos_, a god.] - -POLYTOCOUS, p[=o]-lit'[=o]-kus, _adj._ producing many or several at a -birth. - -POLYTRICHUM, p[=o]-lit'ri-kum, _n._ a genus of mosses, widely distributed -in north temperate and arctic countries.--_adj._ POLYT'RICHOUS, very hairy, -densely ciliate. [Gr. _polys_, many, _thrix_, _thrichos_, hair.] - -POLYTYPE, pol'i-t[=i]p, _n._ a cast or fac-simile of an engraving, matter -in type, &c., produced by pressing a wood-cut or other plate into -semi-fluid metal.--_v.t._ to reproduce by polytypage--also _adj._--_n._ -POL'YTYPAGE, stereotyping by the above method. - -POLYZOA, pol-i-z[=o]'a, _n.pl._ a class of animals forming a crust on -stones, shells, &c. under water:--_sing._ POLYZ[=O]'AN, -POLYZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ POL'YZOAN, POLYZO[=A]'RIAL.--_ns._ POLYZO[=A]'RIUM, -a compound polyzoan; POLYZ[=O]'ARY, the polypary or polypidom of a -polyzoan.--_adjs._ POLYZ[=O]'IC, filled with imaginary animals, zoolatrous; -POLYZ[=O]'[:O]ID, consisting of many zo[:o]ids. [Gr. _polys_, many, -_z[=o]on_, an animal.] - -POLYZONAL, pol-i-z[=o]'nal, _adj._ composed of many zones or belts. - -POMADE, po-m[=a]d', _n._ a preparation of fine inodorous fat, such as lard -or suet, used instead of liquid oil for the hair--also POM[=A]'TUM.--_v.t._ -to anoint with pomade. [Fr. _pommade_--It. _pomada_, _pommata_, -lip-salve--L. _pomum_, an apple.] - -POMANDER, p[=o]-man'd[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a perfumed ball, or box -containing perfumes, formerly supposed to ward off infection. [O. Fr. -_pomme d'ambre_, apple of amber.] - -POME, p[=o]m, _n._ an apple or a fruit like an apple: a small globe of -silver or the like, filled with hot water, on which in cold weather the -priest at mass warms his numbed hands.--_n._ POM'ACE, the substance of -apples or similar fruit: fish-scrap.--_n.pl._ POM[=A]'CEAE, a suborder of -_Rosaceae_--the apple family--also POME'AE.--_adj._ POM[=A]'CEOUS, relating -to, consisting of, or resembling apples: like pomace.--_ns._ POME'-CIT'RON, -a variety of apple; POM'EROY, the king-apple; POME'-WA'TER (_Shak._), a -sweet, juicy apple; POMICUL'TURE, pomology.--_adjs._ POMIF'EROUS (_bot._), -pome-bearing, applied to all plants producing the larger fruits, as -distinguished from berry-bearing; POMOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ POMOL'OGIST; -POMOL'OGY, the science of garden-fruits. [L. _pomum_, an apple.] - -POMEGRANATE, pom'gran-[=a]t, _n._ a fruit much cultivated in warm -countries, as large as a medium-sized orange, having a thick leathery rind -filled with numerous seeds. [O. Fr. _pome grenate_--L. _pomum_, an apple, -_granatum_, having many grains.] - -POMERANIAN, pom-e-r[=a]'ni-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Pomerania_ in northern -Prussia.--POMERANIAN, or SPITZ, DOG, a cross from the Eskimo dog, about the -size of a spaniel, with a sharp-pointed face and an abundant white, creamy, -or black coat. - -POMFRET-CAKE, pom'fret-k[=a]k, _n._ a liquorice-cake. [_Pontefract_ in -Yorkshire.] - -POMMEL, pum'el, _n._ a knob or ball: the knob on a sword-hilt: the high -part of a saddle-bow.--_v.t._ to beat as with a pommel, or with anything -thick or heavy: to beat soundly: to bruise:--_pr.p._ pomm'elling; _pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ pomm'elled.--_adjs._ POMM'ELED, POMM'ELLED (_her._), having a -rounded knob ending in a smaller one; POMM'ETTY, ending in a small knob, -esp. of a cross--also POMM'EL['E]. [O. Fr. _pomel_ (Fr. _pommeau_)--L. -_pomum_, an apple.] - -POMONA, pom-[=o]'na, _n._ the goddess of fruit and garden produce. -[L.--_pomum_, fruit, apple.] - -POM-POM, pom-pom, _n._ the name given to a one-pounder quick-firing shell -gun, from its sound. - -POMP, pomp, _n._ a splendid procession: great show or display: ceremony: -splendour: ostentation: grandeur.--_adv._ POMP[=O]'SO (_mus._), in a -dignified style.--_adj._ POMP'OUS, displaying pomp or grandeur: grand: -magnificent: dignified: boastful, self-important.--_adv._ -POMP'OUSLY.--_ns._ POMP'OUSNESS, POMPOS'ITY. [Fr. _pompe_--L. _pompa_--Gr. -_pomp[=e]_--_pempein_, to send.] - -POMPADOUR, pom'pa-d[=oo]r, _n._ an 18th-century head-dress, a fashion of -dressing women's hair by brushing it up from the forehead and rolling it -over a cushion: a corsage with low square neck: a pattern for silk, with -leaves and flowers pink, blue, and gold. [Marquise de _Pompadour_, -1721-64.] - -POMPEIAN, pom-p[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Pompeii_, a city buried by an -eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D., excavated since 1755.--_n._ -POMPEI'AN-RED, a red colour like that on the walls of Pompeian houses. - -POMPELMOOSE, pom'pel-m[=oo]s, _n._ the shaddock.--Also POM'PELMOUS, -POM'PELO, PUM'ELO. - -POMPHOLYX, pom'f[=o]-liks, _n._ a vesicular eruption chiefly on the palms -and soles. [Gr.,--_pomphos_, a blister.] - -POMPION=_Pumpion_. - -POMPON, pom'pon, _n._ a tuft of feathers, &c., for a hat, the coloured -woollen ball on the front of a shako. [Fr.] - -PONCEAU, pon-s[=o]', _n._ a corn-poppy: corn-poppy colour. - -PONCEAU, pon-s[=o]', _n._ a small bridge or culvert. [Fr.] - -PONCHO, pon'ch[=o], _n._ a cloak worn by South American Indians, a blanket -with a hole in the middle for the head: camlet or strong worsted. - -POND, pond, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to ponder. - -POND, pond, _n._ a pool of standing water.--_v.t._ to make into a -pond.--_v.i._ to collect into a pond.--_ns._ PON'DAGE, the amount of water -in a pond; POND'-LIL'Y, a plant of the aquatic genus _Nymphaea_; -POND'-TUR'TLE, a terrapin, a mud turtle; POND'WEED, a common aquatic herb. -[From A.S. _pyndan_, to shut in, thus a doublet of _pound_, an enclosure.] - -PONDER, pon'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to weigh in the mind: to think over: to -consider.--_v.i._ to think (with _on_ and _over_).--_ns._ PONDERABIL'ITY, -PON'DERABLENESS.--_adjs._ PON'DERABLE, that may be weighed: having sensible -weight; PON'DERAL, ascertained by weight.--_ns._ PON'DERANCE, -PONDER[=A]'TION, weight; PON'DERER, one who ponders.--_adv._ -PON'DERINGLY.--_ns._ PON'DERLING, a thing of little weight; PON'DERMENT, -the act of pondering.--_adj._ PON'DEROUS, weighty: massive: forcible: -important: clumsy or unwieldy by reason of weight.--_adv._ -PON'DEROUSLY.--_ns._ PON'DEROUSNESS, PONDEROS'ITY, weight: heaviness: heavy -matter. [L. _ponder[=a]re_--_pondus_, _pond[)e]ris_, a weight.] - -PONE, p[=o]n, _n._ (_U.S._) bread made from Indian corn. - -PONENT, p[=o]'nent, _adj._ (_Milt._) western. - -PONEROLOGY, pon-[=e]-rol'[=o]-ji, _n._ (_theol._) the doctrine of -wickedness. [Gr. _pon[=e]ros_, bad.] - -PONGEE, pon-j[=e]', _n._ a soft kind of silk, woven in China from the -cocoons of a wild silkworm. [Chin.] - -PONGO, pong'g[=o], _n._ a large anthropoid ape of Borneo. - -PONIARD, pon'yard, _n._ a small dagger for stabbing.--_v.t._ to stab with a -poniard. [Fr. _poignard_--_poing_, fist (It. _pugno_)--L. _pugnus_.] - -PONK, pongk, _n._ (_Spens._, _Shak._) a nocturnal spirit. [A false reading -for _pouke_=_Puck_.] - -PONS, ponz, _n._ (_anat._) a part connecting two parts.--_adjs._ PON'TIC, -PON'TILE, relating to the pons of the brain.--PONS ASIN[=O]RUM, the asses' -bridge, a name given to Euclid, i. 5. [L., a bridge.] - -PONTAGE, pont'[=a]j, _n._ a toll paid on bridges: a tax for repairing -bridges. [Low L. _pontagium_--L. _pons_, _pontis_, a bridge.] - -PONTIC, pon'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pontus_, Euxine, or Black Sea, -or the regions round it. - -PONTIFF, pon'tif, _n._ (_R.C._) a bishop, esp. the pope--originally an -ancient Roman high-priest, the PON'TIFEX.--_adjs._ PONTIF'IC, -AL, of or -belonging to a pontiff or to a bishop, esp. the pope: splendid: -magnificent.--_n._ PONTIF'ICAL, an office-book of ecclesiastical ceremonies -proper to a bishop.--_adv._ PONTIF'ICALLY.--_n.pl._ PONTIF'ICALS, the dress -of a priest, bishop, or pope.--_n._ PONTIF'ICATE, the dignity of a pontiff -or high-priest: the office and dignity or reign of a pope.--_v.i._ to -perform the duties of a pontiff.--_n._ PON'TIFICE (_Milt._), bridge-work, a -bridge.--PONTIFICAL MASS, mass celebrated by a bishop while wearing his -full vestments. [Fr. _pontife_--L. _pontifex_, _pontificis_--_pon_s, -_pont-is_, a bridge, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PONTIL, pon'til, _n._ an iron rod used in glass-making for revolving the -glass while soft.--Also PONTEE', PON'TY. [Fr.,--_point_, a point.] - -PONTINAL, pon'ti-nal, _adj._ bridging.--_n._ a bone of the skull of some -fishes. - -PONTLEVIS, pont-lev'is, _n._ a drawbridge. [Fr.] - -PONTOON, pon-t[=oo]n', _n._ a flat kind of boat used in forming a bridge -for the passage of an army: a bridge of boats: a lighter or barge used for -loading or unloading ships--also PON'TON.--_ns._ PONTONIER', PONTONNIER', -one who has charge of a pontoon; PONTOON'-BRIDGE, a platform or roadway -supported upon pontoons. [Fr. _ponton_--L. _pons_, a bridge.] - -PONY, p[=o]'ni, _n._ a small horse--one less than 13 hands high: (_slang_) -L25: a key or translation of the writings of an author: a small glass of -beer.--_v.t._ to use a crib in translating.--_ns._ P[=O]'NY-CARR'IAGE, a -small carriage drawn by one or more ponies; P[=O]'NY-EN'GINE, a small -engine used for shunting wagons, &c.--JERUSALEM PONY, an ass. [Prob. Gael. -_poniadh_.] - -POOD, p[=oo]d, _n._ a Russian weight, 36 lb. avoirdupois. - -POODLE, p[=oo]'dl, _n._ one of a breed of small curly-haired pet dogs, -intelligent and affectionate. [Ger. _pudel_; Low Ger. _pudeln_, to waddle.] - -POOH, p[=oo], _interj._ of disdain.--_v.t._ POOH'-POOH, to express contempt -for: to sneer at. [Imit.] - -POOL, p[=oo]l, _n._ a small body of water: a deep part of a stream of -water.--_n._ POOL'ER, a stick for stirring a tan-vat. [A.S. _p['o]l_ (Dut. -_poel_, Ger. _pfuhl_)--Celt., as Ir. and Gael. _poll_, W. _pwll_.] - -POOL, p[=oo]l, _n._ the receptacle for the stakes in certain games: the -stakes themselves: a set of players at quadrille, &c.: a game played on a -billiard-table with six pockets by two or more persons.--_v.t._ to put into -a common fund for redistribution.--_v.i._ to form a pool. [Fr. _poule_, -orig. a hen--L. _pullus_, a young animal.] - -POON, p[=oo]n, _n._ name of a tree of India and Burma, very commonly used -in the East Indies, particularly in shipbuilding, for planks and -spars.--_n._ POON'-WOOD, the wood of the tree. - -POONAC, p[=oo]'nak, _n._ the cake left after expressing oil from coco-nut -pulp. - -POOP, p[=oo]p, _n._ the hinder part of a ship: a deck above the ordinary -deck in the after part of a ship.--_v.t._ to strike the stern, break in the -stern of. [Fr. _poupe_--L. _puppis_, the poop.] - -POOR, p[=oo]r, _adj._ having little or nothing: without means: needy: -spiritless: depressed: (_B._) humble: contrite: wanting in appearance: -lean: wanting in strength: weak: wanting in value: inferior: wanting in -fertility: sterile: wanting in fitness, beauty, or dignity: trifling: -paltry: dear (endearingly).--_ns._ POOR'HOUSE, a house established at the -public expense for sheltering the poor: an almshouse; POOR'JOHN (_Shak._), -a coarse kind of fish, the hake when salted.--_n.pl._ POOR'-LAWS, laws -providing for the support of the poor.--_adv._ POOR'LY.--_ns._ POOR'NESS; -POOR'-RATE, a rate or tax for the support of the poor; POOR'-ROB'IN, an -almanac; POOR'S'-BOX, a box for receiving contributions to the -poor.--_adj._ POOR'-SPIR'ITED, cowardly: mean.--_ns._ POOR'-SPIR'ITEDNESS, -cowardice; POOR'S'-ROLL (_Scots law_), the list of poor persons who are -litigants, but unable to pay the expenses of litigation, and therefore are -allowed to sue in _form[^a] pauperis_.--POOR MAN OF MUTTON (_Scot._), cold -mutton broiled, esp. the shoulder; POOR MAN'S HERB, the hedge-hyssop; POOR -WILL, a common American bird of the genus _Phalaenoptilus_.--THE POOR, poor -people collectively: those depending on public or private charity. [O. Fr. -_poure_, _povre_ (Fr. _pauvre_)--L. _pauper_, poor.] - -POORTITH, p[=oo]r'tith, _n._ (_Scot._) poverty. - -POP, pop, _v.i._ to make a sharp, quick sound: to dart: to move quickly: to -propose marriage.--_v.t._ to cause to make a sudden report: to thrust -suddenly: to bring suddenly into notice: (_slang_) to pawn:--_pr.p._ -pop'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ popped.--_n._ a sharp, quick sound or report: -an effervescent beverage: (_slang_) a pistol.--_adv._ suddenly.--_adj._ -coming without warning.--_v.t._ POP'-CORN, to parch maize till it bursts -open.--_n._ corn so prepared.--_n.pl._ POP'-EYES, prominent eyes.--_ns._ -POP'-GUN, a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, which makes a noise by -the expansion of compressed air; POP'PER, anything that makes a popping -sound; POP'-SHOP, a pawnshop; POP'-WEED, a name for the bladderwort.--POP -OFF, to disappear all at once; POP THE QUESTION, to make an offer of -marriage. [Imit.] - -POPE, p[=o]p, _n._ the bishop of Rome, head of the R.C. Church: a priest of -the Eastern Church: the autocratic head of any church or -organisation.--_ns._ POPE'DOM, office, dignity, or jurisdiction of the -pope; POPE'HOOD, POPE'SHIP, the condition of being pope; POPE'LING, a -little pope; POP'ERY, the religion of which the pope is the head: Roman -Catholicism; POPE'S'-EYE, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of -the thigh of an ox or a sheep; POPE'S'-HEAD, a long-handled brush; -POPE'S'-NOSE, the fleshy part of a bird's tail.--_adj._ POP'ISH, relating -to the pope or to popery: taught by popery.--_adv._ POP'ISHLY.--POPE JOAN, -a game at cards in which the eight of diamonds is removed. [A.S. -_p['a]pa_--L. _papa_, a father.] - -POPE, p[=o]p, _n._ a kind of perch. [Ety. obscure.] - -POPINJAY, pop'in-j[=a], _n._ a parrot: a mark like a parrot, put on a pole -to be shot at: a fop or coxcomb. [O. Fr. _papegai_--Low L. -_papagallus_--Late Gr. _papagas_, a parrot; prob. Eastern.] - -POPJOYING, pop'joi-ing, _n._ sport: amusement. [Perh. conn. with -_popinjay_.] - -POPLAR, pop'lar, _n._ a tree common in the northern hemisphere, of rapid -growth, and having dioecious flowers arranged in catkins, both male and -female flowers with an oblique cup-shaped perianth. [O. Fr. _poplier_--L. -_p[=o]pulus_, poplar-tree.] - -POPLIN, pop'lin, _n._ a kind of cloth consisting of a warp of silk and a -weft of worsted, the latter, being thicker than the former, giving a corded -appearance. [Fr. _popeline_. Ety. unknown.] - -POPLITEAL, pop-li-t[=e]'al, _adj._ of or pertaining to the back of the -knee.--Also POPLIT'IC. [L. _poples_, _poplitis_, the hock.] - -POPPET, pop'et, _n._ a puppet: a piece of timber used to support a vessel -while being launched: one of the heads of a lathe. [_Puppet._] - -POPPLE, pop'l, _v.i._ to flow, to bob up and down. - -POPPY, pop'i, _n._ a plant having large showy flowers, from one species of -which opium is obtained.--_adj._ POPP'IED, covered or filled with poppies: -listless, as the effects of opium.--_ns._ POPP'Y-HEAD, a carved ornament in -wood, often finishing the end of a pew; POPP'Y-OIL, a fixed oil from the -seeds of the opium-poppy. [A.S. _popig_--L. _papaver_, poppy.] - -POPULACE, pop'[=u]-l[=a]s, _n._ the common people: those who are not -distinguished by rank, education, office, &c. [Fr.,--It. _popolazzo_--L. -_populus_, people.] - -POPULAR, pop'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the people: pleasing to, or -prevailing among, the people: enjoying the favour of the people: easily -understood: inferior: (_Shak._) vulgar.--_n._ POPULARIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ -POP'ULARISE, to make popular or suitable to the people: to spread among the -people.--_ns._ POP'ULARISER; POPULAR'ITY, POP'ULARNESS, quality or state of -being popular or pleasing to the people: favour with the people: a desire -to obtain favour with the people.--_adv._ POP'ULARLY.--_v.t._ POP'UL[=A]TE, -to people: to furnish with inhabitants.--_v.i._ to increase in -numbers.--_adj._ populous.--_n._ POPUL[=A]'TION, act of populating: the -number of the inhabitants of any place.--_adj._ POP'ULOUS, full of people: -numerously inhabited: (_Shak._) numerous.--_adv._ POP'ULOUSLY.--_n._ -POP'ULOUSNESS. [Fr. _populaire_--L. _popularis_--_populus_, the people.] - -PORAL, p[=o]'ral. See PORE. - -PORBEAGLE, por-b[=e]'gl, _n._ a kind of tope or mackerel-shark. [Fr. -_porc_, a hog + Eng. _beagle_.] - -PORCATE, por'k[=a]t, _adj._ ridged. - -PORCELAIN, pors'l[=a]n, _n._ a fine earthenware, white, thin, -semi-transparent, first made in China: china-ware.--_adj._ of the nature of -porcelain.--_adjs._ POR'CEL[=A]NOUS, PORCELL[=A]'NEOUS, -POR'CELL[=A]NOUS.--_n._ POR'CELLANITE, a very hard, impure, jaspideous -rock.--CAST, or FUSIBLE, PORCELAIN, a milky glass made of silica and -cryolite with oxide of zinc; EGG-SHELL PORCELAIN, an extremely thin and -translucent porcelain; FALSE PORCELAIN, a name given to the artificial or -soft-paste porcelain; FRIT PORCELAIN, a name given to artificial soft-paste -English porcelain, from its vitreous nature; TENDER PORCELAIN, a ware -imitating hard-paste or natural porcelain. [O. Fr. _porcelaine_--It. -_porcellana_, the Venus' shell--L. _porcella_, a young sow--_porcus_, a -pig.] - -[Illustration] - -PORCH, p[=o]rch, _n._ a building forming an enclosure or protection for a -doorway: a portico at the entrance of churches and other buildings: the -public porch on the agora of Athens where Zeno the Stoic taught: (_fig._) -the Stoic philosophy. [O. Fr. _porche_ (It. _portico_)--L. -_porticus_--_porta_, a gate.] - -PORCINE, por's[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling swine: swinish. [L. -_porcinus_--_porcus_, a swine.] - -PORCUPINE, por'k[=u]-p[=i]n, _n._ one of the largest of rodent quadrupeds, -covered with spines or quills. [O. Fr. _porc espin_--L. _porcus_, a pig, -_spina_, a spine.] - -PORE, p[=o]r, _n._ a minute passage in the skin for the perspiration: an -opening between the molecules of a body.--_adjs._ P[=O]'RAL, of or -pertaining to pores; P[=O]'RIFORM, in the form of a pore.--_ns._ -P[=O]'RINESS, POROS'ITY, P[=O]'ROUSNESS, quality of being porous--opp. to -_Density_.--_adjs._ P[=O]'ROSE, containing pores; P[=O]'ROUS, P[=O]'RY, -having pores: that can be penetrated by fluid.--_adv._ P[=O]'ROUSLY. -[Fr.,--L. _porus_--Gr. _poros_, a passage.] - -PORE, p[=o]r, _v.i._ to look with steady attention on: to study -closely.--_n._ P[=O]'RER. [_Peer_, to peep.] - -PORGY, PORGIE, por'ji, _n._ a fish of the genus _Pagrus_. - -PORIFERA, p[=o]-rif'e-ra, _n.pl._ sponges:--_sing._ POR'IFER.--_adjs._ -PORIF'ERAL, PORIF'EROUS. [L. _porus_, a pore, _ferre_, to bear.] - -PORISM, por'ism, _n._ a proposition affirming the possibility of finding -such conditions as will render a certain problem capable of innumerable -solutions.--_adjs._ PORISMAT'IC, -AL; PORIS'TIC, -AL, reducing a -determinate problem to an indeterminate. [Gr. _porizein_, to -procure--_poros_, a way.] - -PORK, p[=o]rk, _n._ the flesh of swine: (_Milt._) a stupid fellow.--_ns._ -PORK'-BUTCH'ER, one who kills pigs; PORK'-CHOP, a slice from a pig's rib; -PORK'ER, a young hog: a pig fed for pork; PORK'LING, a young pig; -PORK'-PIE, a pie made of pastry and minced pork.--_adj._ PORK'Y, -fat.--PORK-PIE HAT, a hat somewhat like a pie in shape worn by men and -women about the middle of the 19th century. [Fr. _porc_--L. _porcus_, a -hog.] - -PORNOCRACY, p[=o]r-nok'r[=a]-si, _n._ the influence of courtezans--applied -esp. to the dominant influence of certain profligate women over the Papal -court in the earlier half of the 10th century.--_ns._ POR'NOGRAPH, an -obscene picture or writing; PORNOG'RAPHER, a writer of such.--_adj._ -PORNOGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PORNOG'RAPHY, the discussion of prostitution: obscene -writing. [Gr. _porn[=e]_, a whore, _kratein_, to rule.] - -POROSIS, p[=o]-r[=o]'sis, _n._ formation of callus, the knitting together -of broken bones. - -POROTYPE, p[=o]'r[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ a copy of an engraved print made by -placing it on chemically prepared paper and subjecting to the action of a -gas. [Gr. _poros_, a pore, _typos_, an impression.] - -PORPENTINE, por'pen-t[=i]n, _n._ (_Shak._) a porcupine. - -PORPESS, PORPESSE, por'pes, _n._ Same as PORPOISE. - -PORPHYRIO, por-fir'i-[=o], _n._ a genus of _Rallidae_, the hyacinthine -gallinules. - -PORPHYROGENITUS, por-fir-[=o]-jen'i-tus, _n._ a title given to the -Byzantine emperor, Constantine VII. (912-959), meaning 'born in the -purple.'--_n._ PORPHYROGEN'ITISM, the Byzantine principle of the first son -born after his father's accession succeeding to the throne. [Gr. -_porphyra_, purple, _gennain_, to beget.] - -PORPHYRY, por'fir-i, _n._ a very hard, variegated rock, of a purple and -white colour, used in sculpture (_porfido rosso antico_): an igneous rock -having a ground-mass enclosing crystals of feldspar or quartz.--_v.t._ -POR'PHYRISE, to cause to resemble porphyry: to make of a spotted -appearance.--_n._ POR'PHYRITE, one of the crystalline igneous rocks, which -consists principally of plagioclase.--_adjs._ PORPHYRIT'IC, -PORPHYR[=A]'CEOUS, resembling or consisting of porphyry.--_n._ POR'PHYROID, -a crystalline and schistose rock containing porphyritic crystals of -feldspar. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. _porphyrites_--_porphyra_, purple.] - -PORPOISE, por'pus, _n._ a genus of Cetecea in the family _Delphinidae_, 4 -to 8 feet long, gregarious, affording oil and leather--anciently POR'PESS. -[O. Fr. _porpeis_--L. _porcus_, a hog, _piscis_, a fish.] - -PORPORINO, por-p[=o]-r[=e]'n[=o], _n._ an old alloy of quicksilver, tin, -and sulphur, used in place of gold. [It.] - -PORRACEOUS, po-r[=a]'shus, _adj._ greenish like the leek. [L. _porrum_, a -leek.] - -PORRECTION, po-rek'shun, _n._ the action of delivering as by outstretched -hands.--_adj._ PORRECT', extended forward. [L., _porrig[)e]re_, to stretch -out.] - -PORRIDGE, por'ij, _n._ a kind of pudding usually made by slowly stirring -oatmeal amongst boiling water: a kind of broth, made by boiling vegetables -in water. [Through O. Fr., from Low L. _porrata_--L. _porrum_, a leek. The -affix _-idge_ (= _-age_) arose through confusion with _pottage_.] - -PORRIGO, po-r[=i]'g[=o], _n._ a general name for various skin -diseases.--_adj._ PORRIG'INOUS. [L.] - -PORRINGER, por'in-j[.e]r, _n._ a small dish for porridge: (_Shak._) a -head-dress shaped like such a dish.--Also PORR'ENGER. [From -_porrige_=_porridge_, with inserted _n_ as in _passenger_.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ the larboard or left side of a ship.--_v.t._ to turn to -the left, as the helm.--_v.i._ to turn to larboard or left. [Ety. dub.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ martial music on the bagpipes. [Gael.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ bearing: demeanour: carriage of the body.--_v.t._ to -hold, as a musket, in a slanting direction upward across the body.--_ns._ -PORTABIL'ITY, PORT'ABLENESS, the state of being portable.--_adj._ -PORT'ABLE, that may be carried: not bulky or heavy.--_ns._ PORT'AGE, act of -carrying: carriage: price of carriage: a space between two rivers, canals, -&c., over which goods and boats have to be carried; PORT'ANCE (_Spens._), -carriage, bearing.--_adjs._ POR'T[=A]TE (_her._), in a position as if being -carried; POR'TATILE, portable; POR'TATIVE, easily carried.--_ns._ -PORT'-CRAY'ON, a metallic handle for holding a crayon; PORTE'-BONHEUR', a -charm carried for luck; PORTE'-COCH[`E]RE, a carriage entrance leading from -the street into a building; PORTE'-MON'NAIE, a small clasped pocket-book -for holding money; PORT'-FIRE, a slow-match or match-cord. [Fr.,--L. -_port[=a]re_, to carry.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ a harbour: a haven or safe station for vessels: a place -from which vessels start, and at which they finish their voyages.--_n._ -PORT'-AD'MIRAL, the admiral commanding at a naval port.--_n.pl._ -PORT'-CHARG'ES, payments which a ship has to pay while in harbour.--_n._ -PORT'-WARD'EN, the officer in charge of a port: a harbour-master.--PORT OF -CALL, a port where vessels can call for stores or repairs; PORT OF ENTRY, a -port where merchandise is allowed by law to enter.--_Free port_, a port -where no duty has to be paid on landing goods. [A.S. _port_--L. _portus_; -akin to L. _porta_, a gate.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ a gate or entrance, esp. of a walled town: an opening -in the side of a ship for light or air: an opening through which guns can -be fired: the lid of a porthole: a passage in a machine for oil, steam, -&c.--_n._ PORT'AGE (_Shak._), an opening. [Fr. _porte_--L. _porta_, gate.] - -PORT, p[=o]rt, _n._ a dark-red wine from _Oporto_, Portugal. - -PORTA, p[=o]r'ta, _n._ the part of an organ where its vessels and ducts -enter, esp. the transverse fissure of the liver: the foramen of Monro. - -PORTAL, p[=o]rt'al, _n._ a small gate: any entrance: (_archit._) the arch -over a gate: the lesser of two gates.--PORTAL CIRCULATION, the capillary -transmission of venous blood from one organ to another in its passage to -the heart; PORTAL SYSTEM, the portal vein with its tributaries, &c.; PORTAL -VEIN, the vein which conveys to the liver the venous blood from intestines, -spleen, and stomach. [O. Fr. (Fr. _portail_)--Low L. _portale_--L. _porta_, -a gate.] - -PORTCULLIS, p[=o]rt-kul'is, _n._ a sliding door of cross timbers pointed -with iron, hung over a gateway, so as to be let down in a moment to keep -out an enemy: (_her._) a lattice: one of the pursuivants of the English -College of Heralds: an Elizabethan coin bearing a portcullis on the -reverse.--_v.t._ to obstruct, as with a portcullis. [O. Fr. -_portecoulisse_--_porte_, a gate, _coulisse_, a groove--L. _col[=a]re_, to -strain.] - -PORTE, p[=o]rt, _n._ the Turkish government, so called from the 'High -Gate,' or 'Sublime Porte,' the chief office of the Ottoman government. - -PORTEND, por-tend', _v.t._ to indicate the future by signs: to betoken: -presage.--_n._ POR'TENT, that which portends or foreshows: an evil -omen.--_adj._ PORTENT'OUS, serving to portend: foreshadowing ill: -wonderful, dreadful, prodigious.--_adv._ PORTENT'OUSLY. [L. -_portend[)e]re_, _portentum_--_pro_, forth, _tend[)e]re_, to stretch.] - -PORTER, p[=o]rt'[.e]r, _n._ a door-keeper or gate-keeper: one who waits at -the door to receive messages:--_fem._ PORT'ERESS, PORT'RESS.--_n._ -PORT'ERAGE, the office or duty of a porter.--PORTER'S LODGE, a house or an -apartment near a gate for the use of the porter. [O. Fr. _portier_--Low L. -_portarius_--L. _porta_, a gate.] - -PORTER, p[=o]rt'[.e]r, _n._ one who carries burdens for hire: a dark-brown -malt liquor, prob. because a favourite drink with London porters.--_ns._ -PORT'ERAGE, carriage: charge made by a porter for carrying goods; -PORT'ER-HOUSE, a restaurant; PORT'ERHOUSE-STEAK (_U.S._), a choice cut of -beef-steak next to the sirloin.--_adv._ PORT'ERLY, like a porter: coarse. -[O. Fr. _porteur_--L. _port[=a]re_, to carry.] - -PORTFOLIO, p[=o]rt-f[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a portable case for loose papers, -drawings, &c.: a collection of such papers: the office of a minister of -state. [Sp. _portafolio_--L. _port[=a]re_, to carry, _folium_, a leaf.] - -PORTHOLE, p[=o]rt'h[=o]l, _n._ a hole or opening in a ship's side for light -and air, or for pointing a gun through. [_Port_, a gate, and _hole_.] - -PORTICO, p[=o]r'ti-k[=o], _n._ (_archit._) a range of columns in the front -of a building: a colonnade: a porch before the entrance to a building: the -Stoic philosophy:--_pl._ POR'TICOES, POR'TICOS.--_adj._ POR'TICOED, -furnished with a portico. [It.,--L. _porticus_, a porch.] - -PORTI[`E]RE, por-ty[=a]r', _n._ a curtain hung over the door or doorway of -a room. [Fr.] - -PORTIFORIUM, p[=o]r-ti-f[=o]'ri-um, _n._ a breviary:--_pl._ -PORTIF[=O]'RIA.--Also PORT'FORY, PORT'OUS, PORT'UARY. - -PORTIFY, p[=o]r'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ (_hum._) to give one's self undue -importance. [_Port_, the wine of that name, _-fy_, from L. _fac[)e]re_, to -make, from the saying, 'Claret would be port if it could.'] - -PORTION, p[=o]r'shun, _n._ a part: an allotment: fate: destiny: dividend: -the part of an estate descending to an heir: a wife's fortune.--_v.t._ to -divide into portions: to allot a share: to furnish with a portion.--_adj._ -POR'TIONED, having a portion or endowment.--_ns._ POR'TIONER, one who -portions or assigns shares: (_Scots law_) the occupier of a small feu or -portion of land: one of two or more incumbents on a benefice at one time; -POR'TIONIST, one who has an academical allowance: the incumbent of a -benefice which has more than one rector or vicar.--_adj._ POR'TIONLESS, -having no portion, dowry, or property.--MARRIAGE PORTION, a gift given by a -parent or guardian to a bride on her marriage. [O. Fr.,--L. _portio_, -_portionis_, akin to _pars_, a part.] - -PORTLAND VASE. See VASE. - -PORTLY, p[=o]rt'li, _adj._ having a dignified port or mien: corpulent: -(_Shak._) swelling.--_n._ PORT'LINESS, state of being portly. [_Port_, -bearing.] - -PORTMAN, p[=o]rt'man, _n._ an inhabitant of a port-town, or one of the -Cinque Ports.--_n._ PORT'-MOTE, a mote composed of such citizens. - -PORTMANTEAU, port-man't[=o], _n._ a bag for carrying apparel, &c., on -journeys: a hook on which to hang clothing.--Also PORTMAN'TUA (_obs._). -[Fr.,--_porter_, to carry, _manteau_, a cloak.] - -PORTOISE, p[=o]r'tiz, _n._ the gunwale of a boat.--Also PORT'LAST. - -PORTRAIT, p[=o]r'tr[=a]t, _n._ the likeness of a person, esp. of his face: -a vivid description in words.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to portray.--_ns._ -POR'TRAITIST, a portrait-painter; POR'TRAITURE, a likeness: the drawing of -portraits, or describing in words: a collection of pictures.--_v.t._ -PORTRAY (p[=o]r-tr[=a]'), to paint or draw the likeness of: to describe in -words: (_obs._) to adorn.--_ns._ PORTRAY'AL, the act of portraying; -PORTRAY'ER.--COMPOSITE PORTRAITS, a method of indicating the facial -characteristics of a family or group of persons, while at the same time -suppressing the peculiarities of individual members. [O. Fr. _portrait_, -_portraire_--L. _pro_, forth, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] - -PORTREEVE, p[=o]rt'r[=e]v, _n._ once the name of the principal magistrate -in a port-town, esp. in London. [A.S. _portger['e]fa_--_port_, a port, -_ger['e]fa_, a reeve.] - -PORTUGUESE, p[=o]r't[=u]-g[=e]z, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Portugal_ or -to its inhabitants.--_n._ the people, a single inhabitant, or the language -of Portugal.--PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR, a species of _Physalia_. - -PORTULACEAE, p[=o]r-t[=u]-l[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n.pl._ a natural order of -exogenous plants, shrubby or herbaceous, generally succulent, mostly -growing in dry places. [L. _portulaca_, purslane.] - -PORZANA, p[=o]r-z[=a]'na, _n._ an old name of the small European water-rail -or crake. - -POS, poz, _adj._ (_slang_) an abbreviation of _positive_. - -POSADA, p[=o]-s[:a]'d[:a], _n._ an inn. [Sp.,--_posar_, to lodge.] - -POSAUNE, p[=o]-zow'ne, _n._ the trombone. [Ger.] - -POSE, p[=o]z, _n._ a position: an attitude, either natural or -assumed.--_v.i._ to assume an attitude.--_v.t._ to put in a suitable -attitude: to posit. [Fr.,--_poser_, to place--Low L. _pausare_, to -cease--L. _pausa_, pause--Gr. _pausis_. Between Fr. _poser_ and L. -_pon[)e]re_, _positum_, there has been confusion, which has influenced the -derivatives of both words.] - -POSE, p[=o]z, _v.t._ to puzzle: to perplex by questions: to bring to a -stand.--_ns._ P[=O]'SER, one who, or that which, poses: a difficult -question; P[=O]'SING.--_adv._ P[=O]'SINGLY. [M. E. _apposen_, a corr. of -_oppose_, which in the schools meant to 'argue against.'] - -POS['E], po-z[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) standing still. - -POSITION, po-zish'un, _n._ place, situation: attitude: a place taken or to -be taken by troops: state of affairs: the ground taken in argument or in a -dispute: principle laid down: place in society: method of finding the value -of an unknown quantity by assuming one or more values (_single_, when one -is assumed; _double_, when two).--_v.t._ POSIT (poz'it), to place in right -position or relation: to lay down as something true or granted.--_adj._ -POSI'TIONAL.--STRATEGIC POSITION, a position taken up by troops to check -the movements of an enemy. [Fr.,--L.--_pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.] - -POSITIVE, poz'i-tiv, _adj._ definitely placed or laid down: clearly -expressed: really existing: actual: not admitting of any doubt or -qualification: decisive: settled by distinct appointment: arbitrarily -prescribed, laid down--opp. to _Natural_: too confident in opinion: fully -assured: certain: (_gram._) noting the simple form of an adjective--as -_Positive degree_ of comparison: (_math._) greater than zero, to be added, -as _Positive quantity_: (_phot._) having the lights and shades in the -picture the same as in the original, instead of being reversed: (_electr._) -having a relatively high potential--opp. to _Negative_ (q.v.).--_n._ that -which is placed or laid down: that which may be affirmed: reality: a -positive picture--opp. to _Negative_.--_adv._ POS'ITIVELY.--_ns._ -POS'ITIVENESS, state or quality of being positive: certainty: confidence; -POS'ITIVISM, actual or absolute knowledge; POS'ITIVIST, a believer in -positivism.--POS'ITIVISM, POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY, the philosophical system -originated by Comte (1798-1857)--its foundation the doctrine that man can -have no knowledge of anything but phenomena, and that the knowledge of -phenomena is relative, not absolute. [Fr.,--L. _positivus_, fixed by -agreement--_pon[)e]re_, to place.] - -POSNET, pos'net, _n._ a small basin. [O. Fr. _pocenet_.] - -POSOLOGY, p[=o]-sol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of quantity.--_adjs._ -POSOLOG'IC, -AL. [Gr. _posos_, how much, _logia_, discourse.] - -POSSE, pos'[=e], _n._ power: possibility.--POSSE COMITATUS, the power of -the county: the body of men entitled to be called out by the sheriff to aid -in enforcing the law. [L. _posse_, to be able.] - -POSSESS, poz-zes', _v.t._ to have or hold as an owner: to have the control -of: to inform: to seize: to enter into and influence: to put (_one's self_) -in possession (_of_): (_Spens._) to achieve: (_Shak._) put in possession of -information, convince.--_adj._ POSSESSED', influenced by some evil spirit, -demented.--_n._ POSSES'SION, act of possessing: the thing possessed: a -country taken by conquest: property: state of being possessed, as by an -evil spirit: madness.--_adjs._ POSSES'SIONARY, POSSES'SIVE, pertaining to -or denoting possession.--_n._ POSSES'SIVE (_gram._), a pronoun denoting -possession: the possessive case.--_adv._ POSSES'SIVELY.--_n._ POSSES'SOR, -one who possesses: owner: proprietor: occupant.--_adj._ POSSES'SORY, -relating to a possessor or possession: having possession.--GIVE POSSESSION, -to put in another's power or occupancy; TAKE POSSESSION, to assume -ownership; WRIT OF POSSESSION, a process directing a sheriff to put a -person in possession of property recovered in ejectment. [Fr.,--L. -_possid[=e]re_, _possessum_.] - -POSSET, pos'et, _n._ a dietetic preparation, made by curdling milk with -some acidulous liquor, such as wine, ale, or vinegar.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to -curdle.--POSSET CUP, a large cup or covered bowl for posset. [Prob. Ir. -_pusoid_, a posset; cf. W. _posel_.] - -POSSIBLE, pos'i-bl, _adj._ that may be or happen: that may be done: not -contrary to the nature of things.--_n._ POSSIBIL'ITY, state of being -possible: that which is possible: a contingency.--_adv._ POSS'IBLY. -[Fr.,--L. _possibilis_--_posse_, to be able.] - -POSSUM, pos'um, _n._ Same as OPOSSUM. - -POST, p[=o]st, _n._ a piece of timber fixed in the ground, generally as a -support to something else: a pillar.--_v.t._ to fix on or to a post, or to -any conspicuous position, in a public place: to expose to public reproach, -to placard as having failed in an examination, &c.--_n._ POST'ER, one who -posts bills: a large printed bill or placard for posting.--FROM PILLAR TO -POST (see PILLAR). [A.S. _post_--L. _postis_, a doorpost--_pon[)e]re_, to -place.] - -POST, p[=o]st, _n._ a fixed place, as a military station: a fixed place or -stage on a road: an office: one who travels by stages, esp. carrying -letters, &c.: a public letter-carrier: an established system of conveying -letters: (_Shak._) a post-horse: (_Shak._) haste: a size of writing-paper, -double that of common note-paper (so called from the water-mark, a -postman's horn).--_v.t._ to set or station: to put in the post-office: -(_book-k._) to transfer from the journal to the ledger: to supply with -necessary information, as to _post up_ (cf. _Well posted up_).--v.i to -travel with post-horses, or with speed.--_adv._ with posthorses: with -speed.--_ns._ POST'AGE, the act of going by post: journey: money paid for -conveyance of letters, &c., by post or mail; POST'AGE-STAMP, an adhesive -stamp for affixing to letters to show that the postal charge has been -paid.--_adj._ POST'AL, of or pertaining to the mail-service.--_ns._ -POST'-BAG, a mail-bag; POST'-BILL, a way-bill of the letters sent from a -post-office; POST'BOY, a boy that rides posthorses, or who carries letters; -POST'-CARD, a stamped card on which a message may be sent by post; -POST'-CHAISE, POST'-CHAR'IOT, a chaise or carriage with four wheels let for -hire for the conveyance of those who travel with posthorses.--_v.i._ -POST'-CHAISE, to travel by post-chaise.--_ns._ POST'-DAY, the day on which -the post or mail arrives or departs; POST'ER, one who travels by post: -(_Shak._) a courier: one who travels expeditiously: a posthorse.--_adj._ -POST'-FREE, delivered by the post without payment.--_n._ POSTHASTE', haste -in travelling like that of a post.--_adj._ speedy: immediate.--_adv._ with -haste or speed.--_ns._ POST'-HORN, a postman's horn: a horn blown by the -driver of a mail-coach; POST'HORSE, a horse kept for posting; POST'HOUSE, a -house where horses are kept for the use of parties posting: a post-office; -POST'MAN, a post or courier: a letter-carrier; POST'MARK, the mark or stamp -put upon a letter at a post-office showing the time and place of reception -and delivery; POST'MASTER, the manager or superintendent of a post-office: -one who supplies posthorses: at Merton College, Oxford, a scholar who is -supported on the foundation; POST'MASTER-GEN'ERAL, the minister who is the -chief officer of the post-office department; POST'-OFF'ICE, an office for -receiving and transmitting letters by post: a department of the government -which has charge of the reception and conveyance of letters.--_adj._ -POST'-PAID, having the postage paid, as a letter.--_ns._ POST'-TIME, the -time for the despatch or for the delivery of letters; POST'-TOWN, a town -with a post-office.--POSTAL NOTE, a note for a fixed designated sum issued -by a postmaster, payable at any office; POSTAL ORDER, an order issued by -the postmaster authorising the holder to receive at some particular -post-office payment of the sum marked on it. [Fr. _poste_--L. _pon[)e]re_, -_positum_, to place.] - -POST, p[=o]st, _adv._ and _prep._ after, behind--in compounds as -_Post-abdominal_, _Post-anal_, _Post-axia_l, _Post-brachial_, -_Post-canonical_, _Post-clavicle_, _Post-embryonic_, &c.--_adj._ -POST'-CLASS'ICAL, after those Greek and Latin writers styled classical, but -before the medieval.--_n._ POST'-COMMUN'ION, the part of the eucharistic -office after the act of communion.--_adj._ succeeding communion.--_v.t._ -POSTDATE', to date after the real time.--_n._ a date on a letter later than -the real date on which it was written.--_adjs._ POST'-DIL[=U]'VIAL, -POST'-DIL[=U]'VIAN, being or happening after the deluge.--_ns._ -POST'-DIL[=U]'VIAN, one who has lived since the deluge; POST'-EN'TRY, an -additional entry of merchandise at a custom-house.--_adjs._ POST'-EXIL'IC, -POST'-EXIL'IAN, after the time of the Babylonian captivity of the -Jews.--_ns._ POST'-EXIST'ENCE, future existence; POST'FIX, a letter, -syllable, or word fixed to or put after another word, an affix.--_v.t._ -POSTFIX', to add to the end of another word.--_adjs._ POST'-GL[=A]'CIAL, -after the glacial epoch; POST'-GRAD'UATE, belonging to study pursued after -graduation; POST'-MERID'IAN, coming after the sun has crossed the meridian: -in the afternoon (written P.M.).--_n._ POST'-MILLEN[=A]'RIAN, one who -believes in post-millennialism.--_adj._ POST'-MILLENN'IAL.--_n._ -POST'-MILLENN'IALISM, the doctrine that the second coming of Christ will -follow the millennium.--_adj._ POST'-MOR'TEM, after death.--_n._ a -post-mortem examination.--_adjs._ POST'-N[=A]'TAL, after birth; -POST'-N[=I]'CENE, after the first general council at _Nicaea_ in 325 -A.D.--_n._ POST'-NOTE, a note issued by a bank, payable at some future -time.--_adj._ POST'-NUP'TIAL, being or happening after marriage.--_ns._ -POST'-[=O]'BIT, a bond or security given by heirs and others entitled to -reversionary interests, whereby in consideration of a sum of money -presently advanced, the debtor binds himself to pay a much larger sum after -the death of some person, or of himself; POST'-POSI'TION, the state of -being put back or out of the regular place: (_gram._) a word or particle -placed after a word--opp. to a preposition, which is _placed -before_.--_adjs._ POST'-POS'ITIVE; POST'-REMOTE', more remote in subsequent -time or order; POST'-TER'TIARY, more recent than the Tertiary.--_n._ the -most recent geological division. [L.] - -POST-CAPTAIN, p[=o]st'-kap't[=a]n, _n._ a captain in the British navy, so -called in contradistinction to a commander because his name was 'posted' in -the seniority list. - -POSTE RESTANTE, p[=o]st res-tant', _n._ a place in a post-office where -letters are kept till called for. [Fr. _poste_, post-office, and pr.p. of -_rester_, to remain.] - -POSTERIOR, pos-t[=e]'ri-or, _adj._ coming after: later in time or in -position: situated behind: hinder.--_n._ POSTERIOR'ITY, state of being -posterior--opp. to _Priority_.--_adv._ POST[=E]'RIORLY.--_n.pl._ -POST[=E]'RIORS, short for posterior parts: (_hum._) the latter part, -buttock.--_n._ POSTER'ITY, those coming after: succeeding generations: -descendants: a race. [L., comp. of _posterus_, coming after--_post_, -after.] - -POSTERN, p[=o]st'[.e]rn, _n._ a back door or gate: a small private door: -(_fort._) a covered passage between the main ditch and the outworks of a -fort, usually closed by a gate.--_adj._ back: private. [O. Fr. _posterne_, -_posterle_--L. _posterula_, a dim. from _posterus_.] - -POSTHUMOUS, post'[=u]-mus, _adj._ born after the father's death: published -after the death of the author.--_adv._ POST'HUMOUSLY. [L. _posthumus_, -postumus, superl. of _posterus_, coming after--_post_, after.] - -POSTICHE, pos-t[=e]sh', _adj._ added after the work is finished. [Fr.] - -POSTIL, pos'til, _n._ a note in the margin of the Bible, so called because -written after the text or other words: a marginal note: (_R.C._) a homily -read after the gospel.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to make such notes.--_n._ -POSTIL'LA, a sermon or homily explanatory of the gospel in the mass: any -sermon.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ POS'TILLATE, to write or deliver a -postil.--_ns._ POSTILL[=A]'TION; POS'TILLER, one who comments: a preacher. -[O. Fr. _postille_ (It. _postilla_)--Low L. _postilla_--L. _post illa_ -(_verba_), after those (words).] - -POSTILLION, p[=o]s-til'yun, _n._ a postboy: one who guides posthorses, or -horses in any carriage, riding on one of them. [Fr. _postillon_.] - -POSTLIMINY, post-lim'i-ni, _n._ the right by which persons or things taken -in war by the enemy are restored to their former status upon their coming -again under the power of the nation to which they belonged: the return of a -prisoner, exile, &c. to his former status.--_adjs._ POSTLIM'INARY, -POSTLIMIN'IARY. [L. _postliminium_.] - -POSTPONE, p[=o]st-p[=o]n', _v.t._ to put off to a future time: to defer: to -delay: to subordinate.--_n._ POSTPONE'MENT, act of putting off to an -after-time: temporary delay--also POSTP[=O]'NENCE (_obs._). [L. -_postpon[)e]re_, _-positum_--_post_, after, _pon[)e]re_, to put.] - -POST-PRANDIAL, p[=o]st-pran'di-al, _adj._ after dinner. [L. _post_, after, -_prandium_, a repast.] - -POSTSCRIPT, p[=o]st'skript, _n._ a part added to a letter after the -signature: an addition to a book after it is finished.--_adj._ -POST'SCRIPTAL. [L., from _post_, after, _scriptum_, written, pa.p. of -_scrib[)e]re_, to write.] - -POSTULATE, pos't[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to assume without proof: to take for -granted or without positive consent: (_eccles._) to ask legitimate -authority to admit a nominee by dispensation, when a canonical impediment -is supposed to exist.--_v.i._ to make demands.--_n._ a position assumed as -self-evident: (_geom._) a self-evident problem: a petition: a condition for -the accomplishment of anything.--_ns._ POS'TULANT, a candidate; -POSTUL[=A]'TION, the act of postulating: solicitation.--_adjs._ -POS'TUL[=A]TORY, supplicatory: assuming or assumed without proof as a -postulate; POS'TURAL. [L. _postul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -demand--_posc[)e]re_, to ask urgently.] - -POSTURE, pos't[=u]r, _n._ the placing or position of the body, esp. of the -parts of it with reference to each other: attitude: state or condition: -disposition of mind.--_v.t._ to place in a particular manner.--_v.i._ to -assume an affected manner.--_ns._ POS'TURE-M[=A]'KER, POS'TURE-MAS'TER, one -who teaches or practises artificial postures of the body: an acrobat; -POS'TURER, POS'TURIST, an acrobat. [Fr.,--L. _positura_--_pon[)e]re_, -_positum_, to place.] - -POSY, p[=o]'zi, _n._ a verse of poetry, esp. a motto or an inscription on a -ring: a motto sent with a bouquet: a bouquet. [_Poesy._] - -POT, pot, _n._ a metallic vessel for various purposes, esp. for cooking: a -drinking vessel: an earthen vessel for plants: the quantity in a pot: -(_slang_) a large sum of money, a prize.--_v.t._ to preserve in pots: to -put in pots: to cook in a pot: to plant in a pot: to drain, as sugar, in a -perforated cask: to shoot an enemy.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to tipple:--_pr.p._ -pot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pot'ted.--_n._ POT'-ALE, refuse from a grain -distillery.--_adj._ POT'-BELL'IED, having a prominent belly.--_ns._ -POT'-BELL'Y, a protuberant belly; POT'-BOIL'ER, a work in art or literature -produced merely to secure the necessaries of life; POT'-BOY, a boy in a -public-house who carries pots of ale to customers; POT'-COMPAN'ION, a -comrade in drinking; POT'-HANG'ER, a hook on which to hang a pot; POT'-HAT, -a high-crowned felt hat, worn by men; POT'-HEAD, a stupid person; POT'HERB, -any vegetable which is boiled and used as food.--_n.pl._ POT'-HOLES, holes -in the beds of rapid streams, made by an eddying current of water, which -gives the stones a gyratory motion.--_ns._ POT'-HOOK, a hook hung in a -chimney for supporting a pot: a letter shaped like a pot-hook; POT'-HOUSE, -an ale-house; POT'-HUNT'ER, one who hunts or fishes for profit; POT'-LID, -the cover of a pot; POT'-LIQ'UOR, a thin broth in which meat has been -boiled; POT'-LUCK, what may happen to be in the pot for a meal without -special preparation; POT'-MAN, a pot-companion: a pot-boy; POT'-MET'AL, an -alloy of copper and lead; POT'-SHOP, a small public-house; POT'-STICK, a -stick for stirring what is being cooked in a pot; POT'STONE, a massive -variety of talc-schist, composed of a finely felted aggregate of talc, -mica, and chlorite.--_adj._ POT'-VAL'IANT, brave owing to drink.--POTTED -MEATS, meats cooked, seasoned, and hermetically sealed in tins or jars.--GO -TO POT, to go to ruin, originally said of old metal, to go into the -melting-pot; KEEP THE POT BOILING, to procure the necessaries of life; TAKE -POT-LUCK, to accept an invitation to a meal where no preparation for guests -has been made. [M. E. _pot_, from the Celt., as Ir. _pota_, Gael. _poit_, -W. _pot._] - -POTABLE, p[=o]'ta-bl, _adj._ that may be drunk: liquid.--_n._ something -drinkable.--_n._ P[=O]'TABLENESS. [Fr.,--L. _potabilis_--_p[=o]t[=a]re_, to -drink.] - -POTAMOLOGY, pot-a-mol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the scientific study of rivers.--_n._ -POTAMOG'RAPHY.--_adj._ POTAMOLOG'ICAL. - -POTASH, pot'ash, _n._ a powerful alkali, obtained from the ashes of -plants--also POTASS'.--_n._ POT'ASH-WA'TER, a kind of aerated water, which, -when of full medicinal strength, contains fifteen grains of the bicarbonate -of potash in each bottle--usually much less is put in. [_Pot ashes._] - -POTASSA, p[=o]-tas'a, _n._ [Latinised form of _potash_.] - -POTASSIUM, p[=o]-tas'i-um, _n._ the metallic base of the alkali potash--it -is of a bluish colour, and presents a strong metallic lustre. [_Potassa._] - -POTATION, p[=o]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ act of drinking: a draught: the liquor -drunk.--_n._ POT[=A]'TOR, a drinker.--_adj._ P[=O]'T[=A]TORY. [L. -_potatio_--_p[=o]t[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to drink.] - -POTATO, p[=o]-t[=a]'t[=o], _n._ one of the tubers of a plant almost -universally cultivated for food in the temperate parts of the globe: the -plant itself:--_pl._ POT[=A]'TOES.--_ns._ POT[=A]'TO-BEE'TLE, a North -American beetle which commits fearful ravages among potatoes; -POT[=A]'TO-BING (_Scot._), a heap of potatoes to be preserved; -POT[=A]'TO-B[=O]'GLE (_Scot._), a scarecrow; POT[=A]'TO-DISEASE', -ROT, a -destructive disease of the potato caused by a parasitic fungus; -POT[=A]'TO-FING'ER (_Shak._), a fat finger, used in contempt; -POT[=A]'TO-FLY, a dipterous insect of the same genus as the radish-fly, -whose maggots are often abundant in bad potatoes in autumn.--SMALL POTATOES -(_U.S._), anything petty or contemptible. [Sp. _patata_, _batata_, orig. -Haytian.] - -POTCH, poch, _v.i._ (_Shak._) to thrust, to push. [Fr. _pocher_; from root -of _poke_.] - -POTCHING-ENGINE, poch'ing-en'jin, _n._ in paper-making, a machine in which -washed rags are bleached. - -POTEEN, POTHEEN, po-t[=e]n', _n._ Irish whisky, esp. that illicitly -distilled. [Ir. _poitim_, I drink.] - -POTENT, p[=o]'tent, _adj._ strong: powerful in a physical or a moral sense: -having great authority or influence.--_n._ a prince, potentate.--_ns._ -P[=O]'TENCE, power: (_her._) a marking of the shape of [T shape]: in -horology, the stud or counterbridge forming a step for the lower pivot of a -verge (also P[=O]'TANCE); P[=O]'TENCY, power: authority: influence; -P[=O]'TENTATE, one who possesses power: a prince.--_adj._ P[=O]TEN'TIAL, -powerful, efficacious: existing in possibility, not in reality: (_gram._) -expressing power, possibility, liberty, or obligation.--_n._ anything that -may be possible: a possibility: the name for a function in the mathematical -theory of attractions: the power of a charge or current of electricity to -do work.--_n._ P[=O]TENTIAL'ITY.--_adv._ P[=O]TEN'TIALLY.--_n._ -P[=O]TEN'TIARY, a person invested with power or influence.--_v.t._ -P[=O]TEN'TIATE, to give power to.--_n._ P[=O]'TENTITE, a blasting -substance.--_adv._ P[=O]'TENTLY.--_n._ P[=O]'TENTNESS.--POTENTIAL ENERGY, -the power of doing work possessed by a body in virtue of the stresses which -result from its position relatively to other bodies. [L. _potens_--_potis_, -able, _esse_, to be.] - -POTENTILLA, p[=o]-ten-til'[:a], _n._ a genus of plants of the natural order -_Rosaceae_, differing from _Fragaria_ (strawberry) in the fruit having a -dry instead of a succulent receptacle--well-known varieties are -_silver-weed_ and _wild strawberry_. - -POTHER, poth'[.e]r, _n._ bustle: confusion.--_v.t._ to puzzle: to perplex: -to tease.--_v.i._ to make a pother. [_Potter._] - -POTICHE, p[=o]-t[=e]sh', _n._ a vase or jar of rounded form and short -neck.--_n._ POTICHOM[=A]'NIA, the process of coating glass vessels on the -inside with paper or linen decorations. [Fr.] - -POTIN, p[=o]-tang', _n._ an old compound of copper, zinc, lead, and tin. -[Fr.] - -POTION, p[=o]'shun, _n._ a draught: a liquid medicine: a dose. [Fr.,--L. -_potio_--_p[=o]t[=a]re_, to drink.] - -POT-POURRI, p[=o]-p[=oo]-r[=e]', _n._ a ragout of meats, vegetables, &c.: a -mixture of sweet-scented materials, chiefly dried flowers: medley of -musical airs: a literary production composed of unconnected parts. [Fr. -_pot_, pot, _pourrir_, to rot--L. _putr[=e]re_, to putrefy.] - -POTSHERD, pot'sh[.e]rd, _n._ a piece of a broken pot--(_obs._) POT'-SHARD, -POT'-SHARE. [_Pot_ and A.S. _sceard_, a shred--_sceran_, to divide.] - -POTTAGE, pot'[=a]j, _n._ anything cooked in a pot: a thick soup of meat and -vegetables: oatmeal porridge.--_n._ POT'TINGER, a pottage-maker. [Fr. -_potage_--_pot_.] - -POTTER, pot'[.e]r, _n._ one who makes earthenware.--_n._ POTT'ERY, -earthenware vessels: a place where earthenware is manufactured: the -business of a potter.--POTTER'S CLAY, clay used in the making of -earthenware; POTTER'S FIELD, a burial-place for strangers (Matt. xxvii. 7); -POTTER'S WHEEL, a horizontal wheel on which clay vessels are shaped. - -POTTER, pot'[.e]r, _v.i._ to be fussily engaged about trifles: to -loiter.--_n._ POTT'ERER. [Prov. _pote_, to push.] - -POTTING, pot'ing, _n._ placing in a pot, as plants: preserving in a pot, as -meats. - -POTTLE, pot'l, _n._ a little pot: a measure of four pints: a small basket -for fruit.--_adjs._ POTT'LE-BOD'IED, having a body shaped like a pottle; -POTT'LE-DEEP, to the bottom of the tankard.--_n._ POTT'LE-POT (_Shak._), a -drinking-vessel holding two quarts. [_Pot._] - -POT-WALLER, pot'-wol'[.e]r, POT-WALLOPER, pot-wol'op-[.e]r, _n._ a -pot-boiler: a voter in certain English boroughs where, before the Reform -Bill of 1832, every one who boiled a pot--i.e. every male householder or -lodger, was entitled to vote--also POT'-WALL'ONER.--_adj._ POT'-WALL'OPING. -[Lit., 'pot-boiler,' the latter part of the word being from an Old Low Ger. -_wallen_, to boil.] - -POUCH, powch, _n._ a poke, pocket, or bag: the bag or sac of an -animal.--_v.t._ to put into a pouch: to pocket, submit to.--_adj._ POUCHED, -having a pouch.--POUCHED MOUSE, a genus of small, lean, long-tailed, agile -rodents, with cheek-pouches; POUCHED RAT, a genus of plump, short-tailed -rodents, with cheek-pouches which open externally. [O. Fr. _poche_; cf. -_Poke_, a bag.] - -POUCHONG, p[=oo]-shong', _n._ a superior black tea. - -POUDRETTE, p[=oo]-dret', _n._ manure of dried night-soil, charcoal, &c. -[Fr.] - -POUFFE, p[=oo]f, _n._ in dressmaking, material gathered up into a kind of -knot: a cushion stuffed so as to be very soft.--_n._ POUF, plaited gauze -attached to a head-dress, as in 18th century. [Fr.] - -POULAINE, p[=oo]-l[=a]n', _n._ a long, pointed shoe. [O. Fr.] - -POULDRED, powl'drd, _adj._ (_Spens._) powdered. - -POULP, POULPE, p[=oo]lp, _n._ the octopus. [Fr.--L. _polypus._] - -POULT, p[=o]lt, _n._ a little hen or fowl: a chicken.--_ns._ POULT'ER -(_Shak._), POULT'ERER, one who deals in fowls; POULT'-FOOT, a -club-foot.--_adj._ POULT'-FOOT'ED (_arch._), club-footed.--_ns._ POULT'RY, -domestic fowls; POULT'RY-YARD, a yard where poultry are confined and bred. -[Fr. _poulet_, dim. of _poule_, fowl--L. _pullus_, the young of any -animal.] - -POULTICE, p[=o]l'tis, _n._ a soft composition of meal, bran, &c. applied to -sores.--_v.t._ to put a poultice upon. [L. _pultes_, pl. of _puls_, -_pultis_ (Gr. _poltos_), porridge.] - -POUNCE, powns, _v.i._ to fall (_upon_) and seize with the claws: to dart -suddenly (_upon_).--_v.t._ to ornament with small holes: to strike with the -claws.--_n._ a hawk's claw: the paw of a lion or other animal.--_adj._ -POUNCED, furnished with talons. [Orig. to _pierce_, to stamp holes in for -ornament; through Romance forms, from L. _pung[)e]re_, _punctum_.] - -POUNCE, powns, _n._ a fine powder for preparing a surface for writing on: -coloured powder sprinkled over holes pricked in paper to form a pattern on -paper underneath.--_v.t._ to sprinkle with pounce, as paper or a -pattern.--_ns._ POUNCE'-BOX, POUN'CET-BOX, a box with a perforated lid for -sprinkling pounce. [Fr. _ponce_, pumice--L. _pumex_, _pumicis_, -pumice-stone.] - -POUND, pownd, _n._ long the unit of weight in the western and central -states of Europe, differing, however, in value in all of them--a weight of -16 oz. avoirdupois for general goods, the troy-pound of 12 oz. being for -bullion (the troy lb. is defined as 5760 grains, of which the lb. -avoirdupois contains 7000): the pound sterling, a money of account: a -sovereign or 20s., also represented in Scotland by a note (the POUND SCOTS -is 1/12th of the pound sterling, or 1s. 8d.--of its twenty shillings each -is worth an English penny): (_Spens._) a balance.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to -wager a pound on.--_ns._ POUND'AGE, a charge or tax made on each pound; -POUND'AL, a name sometimes used for the absolute foot pound second unit of -force, which will produce in one pound a velocity of one foot per second, -after acting for one second; POUND'-CAKE, a sweet cake whose ingredients -are measured by weight; POUND'ER, he who has, or that which weighs, many -pounds--used only after a number, as a 12-pounder.--_adj._ POUND'-FOOL'ISH, -neglecting the care of large sums in attending to little ones. [A.S. -_pund_--L. _pondo_, by weight, _pondus_, a weight--_pend[)e]re_, to weigh.] - -POUND, pownd, _v.t._ to shut up or confine, as strayed animals.--_n._ an -enclosure in which strayed animals are confined: a level part of a canal -between two locks: a pound-net.--_ns._ POUND'AGE, a charge made for -pounding stray cattle; POUND'-KEEP'ER; POUND'-NET, a kind of weir in -fishing, forming a trap by an arrangement of nets (the _wings_, _leader_, -and _pocket_, _bowl_, or _pound_). [A.S. _pund_, enclosure.] - -POUND, pownd, _v.t._ to beat into fine pieces: to bruise: to bray with a -pestle.--_v.i._ to walk with heavy steps.--_n._ POUND'ER. [M. E. -_pounen_--A.S. _punian_, to beat; _-d_ excrescent.] - -POUR, p[=o]r, _v.t._ to cause to flow or fall in streams or drops: to throw -with force: to send forth in great quantity: to give vent to: to -utter.--_v.i._ to flow: to issue forth: to rush.--_n._ POUR'ER. [Celt., as -W. _bwrw_, to throw, Gael. _purr_, to push.] - -POURBOIRE, p[=oo]r-bwor', _n._ drink-money: a bribe. [Fr. _pour_, for, -_boire_, to drink.] - -POURPARLER, p[=oo]r-p[:a]r'l[=a], _n._ a conference to arrange for some -important transaction, as the formation of a treaty. [Fr. _pour_=L. _pro_, -before, _parler_, to speak.] - -POURPOINT, p[=oo]r'point, _n._ a close-fitting men's quilted garment worn -in the 14th century. - -POURTRAHED, p[=oo]r-tr[=a]d', _adj._ (_Spens._) portrayed or drawn. - -POURTRAY. Same as PORTRAY. - -POUSSE, pows, _n._ (_Spens._) pulse, pease. [_Pulse_ or _pease_.] - -POUSSE-CAF['E], p[=oo]s'-ka-f[=a]', _n._ a cordial served after coffee. - -POUSSETTE, p[=oo]s-set', _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to waltz round each other, as two -couples in a contra-dance. [Fr. _poussette_, _pouser_, to push.] - -POUT, powt, _v.i._ to push out the lips, in contempt or displeasure: to -look sulky: to push out or be prominent.--_n._ a fit of sulkiness or -ill-humour.--_ns._ POUT'ER, one who pouts: a variety of pigeon, having its -breast inflated; POUT'ING, childish sullenness.--_adv._ POUT'INGLY, in a -pouting or sullen manner. [Ety. dub.; cf. prov. Fr. _pot_, _pout_, lip, Fr. -_bouder_, to pout; W. _pwdu_, pout.] - -POVERTY, pov'[.e]r-ti, _n._ the state of being poor: necessity: want: -meanness: defect.--_adjs._ POV'ERTY-STRICK'EN, POV'ERTY-STRUCK, reduced to -a state of poverty: in great suffering from poverty. [O. Fr. _poverte_ (Fr. -_pauvret['e]_)--L. _paupertas_, _-tatis_--_pauper_, poor.] - -POWAN, pow'an, _n._ (_Scot._) the pollan, vendace, or Coregonus. - -POWDER, pow'd[.e]r, _n._ dust: any substance in fine particles: gunpowder, -a mixture of charcoal, sulphur, and saltpetre: hair-powder.--_v.t._ to -reduce to powder: to sprinkle with powder: to salt by sprinkling.--_v.i._ -to crumble into powder: to use powder for the hair.--_n._ POW'DER-BOX, a -box for toilet-powder, &c.--_adj._ POW'DERED, reduced to powder: sprinkled -with powder: salted.--_ns._ POW'DER-FLASK, POW'DER-HORN, a flask or horn -for carrying powder, fitted with a means of measuring the amount of each -charge; POW'DERING-GOWN, a loose dressing-gown worn while the hair was -being powdered; POW'DERING-TUB, a vessel in which meat is salted: a vessel -in which venereal disease is treated by sweating; POW'DER-MAG'AZINE, a -strongly built place where powder is stored; POW'DER-MILL, a mill in which -gunpowder is made; POW'DER-MINE, an excavation filled with gunpowder for -blasting rocks, &c.; POW'DER-MONK'EY, a boy formerly employed to carry -powder to the gunners on board a ship-of-war; POW'DER-ROOM, the room in a -ship where powder is kept.--_adj._ POW'DERY, resembling or sprinkled with -powder: dusty: friable. [O. Fr. _poudre_--L. _pulvis_, _pulveris_, dust.] - -POWER, pow'[.e]r, _n._ that in a person or a thing which enables them to -act on other persons or things: strength: energy: faculty of the mind: any -agency: moving force of anything: right to command: rule: authority: -influence: ability: capacity of suffering: a ruler: a divinity: the result -of the continued multiplication of a quantity by itself any given number of -times: (_optics_) magnifying strength: (_obs._) a great many.--_adjs._ -POW'ERED, having power; POW'ERFUL, having great power: mighty: intense: -forcible: efficacious.--_adv._ POW'ERFULLY.--_ns._ POW'ERFULNESS; -POW'ER-HOUSE, a house where mechanical power (esp. electric) is -generated.--_adj._ POW'ERLESS, without power: weak: impotent.--_adv._ -POW'ERLESSLY.--_ns._ POW'ERLESSNESS; POW'ER-LOOM, a loom worked by some -mechanical power, as water, steam, &c.--POWER OF ATTORNEY (see ATTORNEY); -POWER OF SALE, a clause in securities and wills empowering property -referred to to be sold on certain conditions; POWERS, or GREAT POWERS (see -GREAT).--ABSOLUTE POWER, power subject to no control by law; CIVIL POWER, -power of governing a state; MECHANICAL POWERS (see MECHANICAL). [O. Fr. -_poer_ (Fr. _pouvoir_)--Low L. _pot-[)e]re_, to be able.] - -POWSOWDY, pow-sow'di, _n._ (_Scot._) any mixture of heterogeneous kinds of -food.--Also POWSOW'DIE. - -POWTER, pow't[.e]r, _n._ a pigeon, the pouter. - -POWWOW, pow'wow, _n._ a Red Indian conjurer: a dance, feast, &c. before an -expedition: any rowdy meeting.--_v.i._ to hold such a meeting: to -deliberate: to perform conjurations.--Also PAW'WAW. - -POX, poks, _n._ pustules: an eruptive disease. [Written for _pocks_, pl. of -_pock_.] - -POYNANT, poin'ant, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as POIGNANT. - -POZZUOLANA. See PUZZOLANA. - -PRACTICE, prak'tis, _n._ the habit of doing anything: frequent use: state -of being used: regular exercise for instruction: performance: method: -medical treatment: exercise of any profession: a rule or method in -arithmetic.--_ns._ PRACTICABIL'ITY, PRAC'TICABLENESS, quality of being -practicable.--_adj._ PRAC'TICABLE, that may be practised, used, or -followed: passable, as a road.--_adv._ PRAC'TICABLY.--_adj._ PRAC'TICAL, -that can be put in practice: useful: applying knowledge to some useful end: -derived from practice.--_ns._ PRACTICAL'ITY; PRAC'TICAL-JOKE, a trick of an -annoying kind played on any one; PRAC'TICAL-KNOWL'EDGE, knowledge which -results in action.--_adv._ PRAC'TICALLY, in a practical way: actually: by -actual trial.--_n._ PRAC'TICALNESS. [M. E. _praktike_--O. Fr. -_practique_--Gr. _praktikos_, fit for doing--_prassein_, to do.] - -PRACTICK, PRACTIC, prak'tik, _adj._ (_Spens._, _Shak._) skilful, hence -treacherous, deceitful. - -PRACTISE, prak'tis, _v.t._ to put into practice or to do habitually: to -perform: to exercise, as a profession: to use or exercise: to teach by -practice: to commit.--_v.i._ to have or to form a habit: to exercise any -employment or profession: to try artifices.--_n._ PRAC'TISANT (_Shak._), an -agent.--_adj._ PRAC'TISED, skilled through practice.--_n._ -PRAC'TISER.--_adj._ PRAC'TISING, actively engaged in professional -employment. [From _practice_.] - -PRACTITIONER, prak-tish'un-[.e]r, _n._ one who practises or is engaged in -the exercise of any profession, esp. medicine or law.--GENERAL -PRACTITIONER, one who practises in all the branches of medicine and -surgery. [Older form _practician_--O. Fr. _practicien_.] - -PRACTIVE, prak'tiv, _adj._ directly tending towards action. - -PRAD, prad, _n._ a horse in thieves' cant. - -PRAE-. See PRE-. - -PRAEMUNIRE, PREMUNIRE, pr[=e]-m[=u]-n[=i]'re, _n._ the offence of disregard -or contempt of the king and his government, especially the offence of -introducing papal or other foreign authority into England: the writ founded -on such an offence: the penalty incurred by the offence. [A corr. of L. -_praemon[=e]re_, to cite.] - -PRAENOMEN, pr[=e]-n[=o]'men, _n._ the name prefixed to the family name in -ancient Rome, as _Caius_ in Caius Julius Caesar: the generic name in -zoology put before the specific name. - -PRAETEXTA, pr[=e]-teks'ta, _n._ the outer garment, bordered with purple, -worn at Rome by the higher magistrates and by free-born children till they -assumed the _toga virilis_. [L., _praetex[)e]re_, to fringe.] - -PRAETOR, PRETOR, pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient Rome, next in -rank to the consuls.--_adjs._ PRAET[=O]'RIAL, PRET[=O]'RIAL, -PRAET[=O]'RIAN, PRET[=O]'RIAN, pertaining to a praetor or magistrate: -authorised or exercised by the praetor: judicial.--_ns._ PRAET[=O]'RIUM, -PRET[=O]'RIUM, the official residence of the Roman praetor, proconsul, or -governor in a province: the general's tent in a camp: the council of -officers who attended the general and met in his tent; -PRAE'TORSHIP.--PRAETORIAN BAND OF GUARD, the bodyguard of the Roman -Emperor; PRAETORIAN GATE, the gate of a Roman camp directly in front of the -general's tent, and nearest to the enemy. [L. _praetor_, for -_praeitor_--_prae_, before, _[=i]re_, _itum_, to go.] - -PRAGMATIC, -AL, prag-mat'ik, -al, _adj._ of or pertaining to public -business: skilled in affairs: active: practical: interfering with the -affairs of others: officious: meddlesome: self-important.--_n._ PRAGMAT'IC, -a man of business, a busybody: a public decree.--_adv._ -PRAGMAT'ICALLY.--_ns._ PRAGMAT'ICALNESS, PRAG'MATISM, activity: -earnestness: meddlesomeness; PRAG'MATIST.--PRAGMATIC METHOD, a method of -treating events with reference to their causes, conditions, and -results--also called PRAG'MATISM; PRAGMATIC SANCTION, a special decree -issued by a sovereign, such as that passed by the Emperor Charles VI. of -Germany, securing the crown to Maria Theresa, and which led to the war so -called in 1741. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _pragmatikos_--_pragma_--_pragmatos_, -deed--_prassein_, to do.] - -PRAIRIE, pr[=a]'ri, _n._ an extensive meadow or tract of land, level or -rolling, without trees, and covered with tall coarse grass.--_adj._ -PRAI'RIED.--_ns._ PRAI'RIE-DOG, a small gregarious North American marmot; -PRAI'RIE-HAWK, the American sparrow-hawk; PRAI'RIE-HEN, a gallinaceous -North American bird: the sharp-tailed grouse; PRAI'RIE-WAR'BLER, an -American warbler, yellow with black spots; PRAI'RIE-WOLF, the coyote. -[Fr.,--Low L. _prataria_, meadow-land--L. _pratum_, a meadow.] - -PRAISE, pr[=a]z, _n._ the expression of the honour or value in which any -person or thing is held: commendation on account of excellence or beauty: -tribute of gratitude: a glorifying, as of God in worship: reason or ground -of praise.--_v.t._ to express estimation of: to commend: to honour: to -glorify, as in worship.--_n._ PRAIS'ER, one who praises.--_adv._ -PRAISE'WORTHILY.--_n._ PRAISE'WORTHINESS.--_adj._ PRAISE'WORTHY, worthy of -praise: commendable. [O. Fr. _preis_ (Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.] - -PR[^A]KRIT, pr[:a]'krit, _n._ the collective name of those languages or -dialects which are immediately derived from, or stand in an immediate -relation to, Sanskrit.--_adj._ PR[^A]KRIT'IC. [Sans. _pr[=a]krita_, the -natural--_prakriti_, nature.] - -PRAM, pr[:a]m, _n._ a flat-bottomed Dutch lighter: a barge fitted as a -floating battery. [Dut. _praam_.] - -PRAM, pram, _n._ a vulgar abbrev. of _perambulator_. - -PRANCE, prans, _v.i._ to strut about in a showy or warlike manner: to ride -showily: to bound gaily, as a horse.--_adj._ PRANC'ING, riding showily: -springing or bounding gaily.--_n._ the action of a horse in rearing, -bounding, &c.--_adv._ PRANC'INGLY. [_Prank._] - -PRANDIAL, pran'di-al, _adj._ relating to dinner. [L. _prandium_, -breakfast.] - -PRANK, prangk, _v.t._ to display or adorn showily: to put in right -order.--_v.i._ to make great show.--_n._ a sportive action: a mischievous -trick.--_n._ PRANK'ER.--_adv._ PRANK'INGLY.--_adjs._ PRANK'ISH, PRANK'SOME. -[Closely akin to _prink_, a form of _prick_.] - -PRASE, pr[=a]z, _n._ a leek-green quartz.--_adjs._ PRAS'INE, PRAS'INOUS, -lightish-green. - -PRATE, pr[=a]t, _v.i._ to talk idly: to tattle: to be loquacious.--_v.t._ -to speak without meaning or purpose: to let out, as a secret.--_n._ -trifling talk.--_n._ PR[=A]'TER, one who prates or talks idly.--_adj._ -PR[=A]'TING, talking idly or unmeaningly.--_n._ idle talk.--_adv._ -PR[=A]'TINGLY. [Low Ger. _pr[=a]ten_, Dan. _prate_, Dut. _praaten_.] - -PRATIQUE, prat'[=e]k, _n._ converse, intercourse: a license or permission -to hold intercourse, or to trade after quarantine. [Fr.] - -PRATTLE, prat'l, _v.i._ to talk much and idly: to utter child's -talk.--_v.t._ to talk about in a prattling way.--_n._ empty talk.--_ns._ -PRATT'LEBOX, a prattler; PRATT'LEMENT, prattle; PRATT'LER, one who -prattles: a child. [Freq. of _prate_.] - -PRAVITY, prav'i-ti, _n._ wickedness. - -PRAWN, prawn, _n._ a small edible crustacean like the shrimp. [L. _perna_, -a mussel.] - -PRAXIS, praks'is, _n._ practice: an example or a collection of examples for -exercise: a specimen.--_n._ PRAX'INOSCOPE, an optical instrument showing a -body as if in motion, by means of successive pictures and an arrangement of -mirrors in a horizontally rotating box. [Gr. _praxein_, to do.] - -PRAY, pr[=a], _v.i._ to ask earnestly: to entreat: to speak and make known -one's desires to God.--_v.t._ to ask earnestly and reverently, as in -worship: to supplicate: to get by praying:--_pr.p._ pr[=a]y'ing; _pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ pr[=a]yed.--_ns._ PRAY'ER, the act of praying: entreaty: the -words used: solemn giving of thanks and praise to God, and a making known -of our requests to Him: a form of prayer used in worship: a petition to a -public body; PRAY'ER-BOOK, a book containing prayers or forms of -devotion.--_adj._ PRAY'ERFUL, full of, or given to, prayer: praying much or -often: devotional.--_adv._ PRAY'ERFULLY.--_n._ PRAY'ERFULNESS.--_adj._ -PRAY'ERLESS, without or not using prayer.--_adv._ PRAY'ERLESSLY.--_ns._ -PRAY'ERLESSNESS; PRAY'ER-MEET'ING, a shorter and simpler form of public -religious service, in which laymen often take part; PRAY'ER-MONG'ER, one -who prays mechanically; PRAY'ER-RUG, a small carpet on which a Moslem -kneels at prayer; PRAY'ING, the act of making a prayer: a prayer -made.--_adj._ given to prayer.--_ns._ PRAY'ING-MACHINE', -MILL, -WHEEL, a -revolving apparatus used for prayer in Tibet and elsewhere. [O. Fr. -_preier_ (Fr. _prier_)--L. _prec[=a]ri_--_prex_, _precis_, a prayer.] - -PRE-, pr[=e], before, in compound words like _preanal_, _preauditory_, -_preaxial_, _prebasal_, _prebrachial_, _precardiac_, _precentral_, -_precerebral_, _precloacal_, _precordial_, _precoracoid_, _predentate_, -_pre-esophageal_, &c. - -PREACE, pr[=e]s, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PREASE. - -PREACH, pr[=e]ch, _v.i._ to pronounce a public discourse on sacred -subjects: to discourse earnestly: to give advice in an offensive or -obtrusive manner.--_v.t._ to publish in religious discourses: to deliver, -as a sermon: to teach publicly.--_n._ (_coll._) a sermon.--_ns._ PREACH'ER, -one who discourses publicly on religious matter: a minister or clergyman; -PREACH'ERSHIP.--_v.i._ PREACH'IFY, to preach tediously: to weary with -lengthy advice.--_ns._ PREACH'ING, the act of preaching: a public religious -discourse: a sermon; PREACH'ING-CROSS, a cross in an open place at which -monks, &c., preached.--_n.pl._ PREACH'ING-FR[=I]'ARS, the Dominicans.--_n._ -PREACH'MENT, a sermon, in contempt: a discourse affectedly solemn.--_adj._ -PREACH'Y, given to tedious moralising.--PREACH DOWN, and UP, to decry, or -the opposite. [Fr. _pr[^e]cher_ (It. _predicare_)--L. _praedic[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to proclaim.] - -PREACQUAINT, pr[=e]-ak-kw[=a]nt', _v.t._ to acquaint beforehand.--_n._ -PREACQUAINT'ANCE, previous knowledge. - -PRE-ADAMITE, pr[=e]-ad'a-m[=i]t, _n._ one who lived before _Adam_.--_adjs._ -PREADAM'IC, -AL; PREADAMIT'IC, -AL. - -PREADAPTATION, pr[=e]-ad-ap-t[=a]'shun, _n._ previous adjustment of means -to some end. - -PREADJUSTMENT, pr[=e]-ad-just'ment, _n._ previous arrangement. - -PREADMISSION, pr[=e]-ad-mish'un, _n._ previous admission. - -PREADMONISH, pr[=e]-ad-mon'ish, _v.t._ to admonish or caution -beforehand.--_n._ PREADMONI'TION, previous warning. - -PREADVERTISE, pr[=e]-ad-v[.e]r-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. - -PREAMBLE, pr[=e]-am'bl, _n._ preface: introduction, esp. that of an Act of -Parliament, giving its reasons and purpose.--_adj._ PREAM'BULARY. [Fr. -_pr['e]ambule_--L. _prae,_ before, _ambul[=a]re_, to go.] - -PREANNOUNCE, pr[=e]-an-nowns', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. - -PREAPPOINT, pr[=e]-ap-point', _v.t._ to appoint beforehand.--_n._ -PREAPPOINT'MENT, previous appointment. - -PREARRANGE, pr[=e]-ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to arrange beforehand.--_n._ -PREARRANGE'MENT. - -PREASE, pr[=e]s, _v.t._ or _v.i._ (_Spens._) to press, to crowd.--_n._ -(_Spens._) a press, a crowd. - -PREASSURANCE, pr[=e]-a-sh[=oo]r'ans, _n._ previous assurance. - -PRE-AUDIENCE, pr[=e]-aw'di-ens, _n._ right to be heard before another: -precedence at the bar among lawyers. - -PREBEND, preb'end, _n._ the share of the revenues of a cathedral or -collegiate church allowed to a clergyman who officiates in it at stated -times.--_adj._ PREB'ENDAL, relating to a prebend.--_ns._ PREB'ENDARY, a -resident clergyman who enjoys a prebend, a canon: the honorary holder of a -disendowed prebendal stall; PREB'ENDARYSHIP. [L. _praebenda_, a payment -from a public source--_praeb[=e]re_, to allow.] - -PRECARIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ uncertain, because depending upon -the will of another: held by a doubtful tenure: depending on chance: -dangerous, risky.--_adv._ PREC[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ PREC[=A]'RIOUSNESS. [L. -_precarius_--_prec[=a]ri_, to pray.] - -PRECATORY, prek'a-t[=o]-ri, _adj._ relating to prayer, -supplicatory.--_adj._ PREC'ATIVE (_obs._), suppliant. - -PRECAUTION, pr[=e]-kaw'shun, _n._ caution or care beforehand: a preventive -measure: something done beforehand to ward off evil or secure good.--_v.t._ -to warn or advise beforehand.--_adjs._ PRECAU'TIONAL, PRECAU'TIONARY, -containing or proceeding from precaution: taking precaution. [Fr.,--L. -_prae_, before, _cav[=e]re_, to be careful.] - -PRECEDE, pre-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to go before in time, rank, or -importance.--_v.i._ to be before in time, or place. [Fr. -_pr['e]c['e]der_--L. _praeced[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _ced[)e]re_, go.] - -PRECEDENCE, pr[=e]-s[=e]'dens, _n._ the act of going before in time: -priority: the state of being before in rank: the place of honour: the -foremost place in ceremony--also PREC[=E]'DENCY.--_adj._ PREC[=E]'DENT, -going before in order of time: anterior.--_n._ PRECEDENT (pres'[=e]dent), a -past action which may serve as an example or rule in the future: a parallel -case in the past: an established habit or custom.--_adjs._ PREC'EDENTED, -having a precedent: warranted by an example; PRECEDEN'TIAL, of the nature -of a precedent.--_adv._ PREC[=E]'DENTLY.--_adj._ PREC[=E]'DING, going -before in time, rank, &c.: antecedent: previous: former.--ORDER OF -PRECEDENCE, the rules which fix the places of persons at a ceremony; PATENT -OF PRECEDENCE, a royal grant giving to certain barristers right of superior -rank; TAKE PRECEDENCE OF, to have a right to a more honourable place. -[Fr.,--L. _praecedens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _praeced[)e]re_, to go before.] - -PRECENTOR, pre-sen'tor, _n._ he that leads in music: the leader of a choir -in a cathedral, &c.: the leader of the psalmody in Scotch churches.--_n._ -PRECEN'TORSHIP. [L. _prae_, before, _cantor_, a singer.] - -PRECEPT, pr[=e]'sept, _n._ rule of action: a commandment: principle, or -maxim: (_law_) the written warrant of a magistrate: a mandate.--_adj._ -PRECEP'TIAL (_Shak._), consisting of precepts.--_n._ PRECEP'TION (_obs._), -a precept.--_adj._ PRECEP'TIVE, containing or giving precepts: directing in -moral conduct: didactic.--_n._ PRECEP'TOR, one who delivers precepts: a -teacher: an instructor: the head of a school: the head of a preceptory of -Knights Templars:--_fem._ PRECEP'TRESS.--_adjs._ PRECEPT[=O]'RIAL; -PRECEP'TORY, giving precepts.--_n._ a religious house or college of the -Knights Templars. [Fr.,--L. _praeceptum_--_praecip[)e]re_, to take -beforehand--_prae_, before, _cap[)e]re_, to take.] - -PRECES, pr[=e]'sez, _n.pl._ the alternate responsive petitions, as the -versicles and suffrages, between the clergyman and the congregation in -liturgical worship. [L., pl. of _prex_, a prayer.] - -PRECESSION, pr[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ the act of going before: a moving -forward.--_adj._ PRECES'SIONAL.--PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES, a slow -backward motion of the equinoctial points along the ecliptic, caused by the -greater attraction of the sun and moon on the excess of matter at the -equator, such that the times at which the sun crosses the equator come at -shorter intervals than they would otherwise do. - -PRECHRISTIAN, pr[=e]-krist'yan, _adj._ existing before the Christian era. - -PRECINCT, pr[=e]'singkt, _n._ limit or boundary of a place: a district or -division within certain boundaries: limit of jurisdiction or authority. [L. -_praecinctus_, pa.p. of _praecing[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _cing[)e]re_, to -gird.] - -PRECIOUS, presh'us, _adj._ of great price or worth: costly: highly -esteemed: worthless, contemptible (in irony): fastidious, overnice: -(_coll._) considerable: (_B._) valuable because rare.--_adv._ (_coll._) -extremely.--_n._ PRECIOS'ITY, fastidiousness, affected -overrefinement.--_adv._ PREC'IOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC'IOUS-MET'AL, a metal of -great value, as gold or silver; PREC'IOUSNESS; PREC'IOUS-STONE, a stone of -value and beauty for ornamentation: a gem or jewel. [O. Fr. _precios_ (Fr. -_pr['e]cieux_)--L. _pretiosus_--_pretium_, price.] - -PRECIPICE, pres'i-pis, _n._ a very steep place: any steep descent: a -perpendicular bank or cliff.--_adj._ PRECIP'ITOUS, like a precipice: very -steep: hasty: rash.--_adv._ PRECIP'ITOUSLY.--_n._ PRECIP'ITOUSNESS. -[Fr.,--L. _praecipitium_--_praeceps_, _praecipitis_, headlong--_prae_, -before, _caput_, _capitis_, the head.] - -PRECIPITATE, pr[=e]-sip'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to throw head-foremost: to urge -with eagerness: to hurry rashly: to hasten: (_chem._) to cause to fall to -the bottom, as a substance in solution or suspension.--_v.i._ to fall -headlong: to make too great haste.--_adj._ falling, flowing, or rushing -headlong: lacking deliberation: overhasty: (_med._) ending soon in -death.--_n._ (_chem._) a part of a solution, falling or causing to fall to -the bottom.--_n._ PRECIPITABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PRECIP'ITABLE (_chem._), that -may be precipitated.--_ns._ PRECIP'ITANCE, PRECIP'ITANCY, quality of being -precipitate: haste in resolving or executing a purpose.--_adj._ -PRECIP'ITANT, falling headlong: rushing down with too great velocity: -hasty: unexpectedly brought on.--_n._ anything that causes part of a -solution to fall to the bottom.--_advs._ PRECIP'ITANTLY; PRECIP'IT[=A]TELY, -in a precipitate manner: headlong: without due thought.--_n._ -PRECIPIT[=A]'TION, act of precipitating: great hurry: rash haste: rapid -movement: (_chem._) the process by which any substance is made to separate -from another in solution, and fall to the bottom.--_adj._ -PRECIP'IT[=A]TIVE.--_n._ PRECIPIT[=A]'TOR, one who, or that which, -precipitates or causes precipitation.--PRECIPITATE OINTMENT is of two -kinds, _red_ and _white_--the former containing red oxide of mercury, the -latter ammoniated mercury. [L. _praecipit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_praeceps_.] - -PR['E]CIS, pr[=a]-s[=e]', _n._ a precise or abridged statement: an -abstract: summary. [Fr.] - -PRECISE, pr[=e]-s[=i]s', _adj._ definite: exact: not vague: just of the -right amount or measure: adhering too much to rule: excessively nice, -punctilious, prim.--_adv._ PRECISE'LY.--_ns._ PRECISE'NESS; PRECI'SIAN, an -over-precise person: a formalist: a puritan; PRECI'SIANISM; PRECI'SIANIST, -PRECI'SIONIST, a precisian; PRECI'SION, quality of being precise: -exactness: accuracy.--_v.t._ PRECI'SIONISE, to make precise.--_adj._ -PREC[=I]'SIVE, cutting off: pertaining to precision. [Fr. _pr['e]cis_--L. -_praecisus_, pa.p. of _praecid[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _caed[)e]re_, to -cut.] - -PRECLASSICAL, pr[=e]-klas'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the classical time or -usage. - -PRECLUDE, pr[=e]-klud', _v.t._ to shut out beforehand: to hinder by -anticipation: to keep back: to prevent from taking place.--_n._ -PRECL[=U]'SION, act of precluding or hindering: state of being -precluded.--_adj._ PRECL[=U]'SIVE, tending to preclude: hindering -beforehand.--_adv._ PRECL[=U]'SIVELY. [L. _praeclud[)e]re_, -_-clusum_--_prae_, before, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.] - -PRECOCIOUS, pr[=e]-k[=o]'shus, _adj._ having the mind developed very early, -or too early: premature: forward: (_bot._) appearing before the -leaves.--_adv._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ PREC[=O]'CIOUSNESS, PRECOC'ITY, -state or quality of being precocious: too early ripeness of the mind. [L. -_praecox_, _praecocis_--_prae_, before, _coqu[)e]re_, to cook.] - -PRECOGNITION, pr[=e]-kog-nish'un, _n._ cognition, knowledge, or examination -beforehand: (_Scots law_) an examination of witnesses as to whether there -is ground for prosecution.--_v.t._ PRECOGNOSCE (pr[=e]-kog-nos'), to -examine witnesses beforehand: to take a precognition. - -PRECOMPOSE, pr[=e]-kom-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to compose beforehand. - -PRECONCEIVE, pr[=e]-kon-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to conceive or form a notion of -before having actual knowledge.--_ns._ PRECONCEIT', a preconceived notion; -PRECONCEP'TION, act of preconceiving: previous opinion formed without -actual knowledge. - -PRECONCERT, pr[=e]-kon-s[.e]rt', _v.t._ to settle beforehand.--_n._ -PRECON'CERT, a previous arrangement.--_adv._ PRECONCERT'EDLY.--_n._ -PRECONCERT'EDNESS. - -PRECONDEMN, pr[=e]-kon-dem', _v.t._ to condemn beforehand.--_n._ -PRECONDEMN[=A]'TION. - -PRECONDITION, pr[=e]-kon-dish'un, _n._ a previous condition. - -PRECONFORM, pr[=e]-kon-form', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to conform in -anticipation.--_n._ PRECONFOR'MITY. - -PRECONISE, pr[=e]'kon-[=i]z, _v.t._ to call upon or summon publicly: to -confirm officially, of the pope.--_n._ PRECONIS[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. -_praeco_, a herald.] - -PRECONSCIOUS, pr[=e]-kon'shus, _adj._ pertaining to a state prior to -consciousness. - -PRECONSENT, pr[=e]-kon-sent', _n._ a previous consent. - -PRECONSIGN, pr[=e]-kon-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to consign beforehand. - -PRECONSTITUTE, pr[=e]-kon'sti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to constitute beforehand. - -PRECONSUME, pr[=e]-kon-s[=u]m', _v.t._ to consume beforehand. - -PRECONTEMPORANEOUS, pr[=e]-kon-tem-p[=o]-r[=a]'n[=e]-us, _adj._ prior to -what is contemporaneous. - -PRECONTRACT, pr[=e]-kon-trakt', _v.t._ to contract beforehand: to betroth -previously.--_n._ PRECON'TRACT, a previous contract or betrothal. - -PRECONTRIVE, pr[=e]-kon-tr[=i]v', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to contrive beforehand. - -PRECORDIAL, PRAECORDIAL, pr[=e]-kor'di-al, _adj._ situated in front of the -heart. - -PRECOURSE, pr[=e]-k[=o]rs', _v.t._ to announce beforehand. - -PRECRITICAL, pr[=e]-krit'i-kal, _adj._ previous to the critical philosophy -of Kant. - -PRECULAR, prek'[=u]-l[:a]r, _n._ a beadsman. - -PRECURRENT, pr[=e]-kur'ent, _adj._ running forward: antrorse--opp. to -_Recurrent_.--_ns._ PRECURR'ER (_Shak._), a forerunner; PRECURSE' -(_Shak._), a prognostication.--_adj._ PRECUR'SIVE, anticipatory.--_n._ -PRECUR'SOR, a forerunner: one who, or that which, indicates the approach of -an event.--_adj._ PRECUR'SORY, forerunning: indicating something to follow. -[L.,--_prae_, before, _cursor_--_curr[)e]re_, to run.] - -PREDACEOUS, pr[=e]-d[=a]'shus, _adj._ living by prey: predatory.--_adj._ -PRED'ABLE, raptorial.--_n._ PRED[=A]'CEAN, a carnivorous animal.--_adj._ -PR[=E]'DAL, pertaining to prey: plundering.--_n._ PRED[=A]'TION, the act of -plundering.--_adv._ PRED'ATORILY, plunderingly.--_n._ PRED'ATORINESS, -inclination to plunder.--_adj._ PRED'ATORY, plundering: characterised by -plundering: living by plunder: ravenous. [L. _praeda_, booty.] - -PREDATE, pr[=e]-d[=a]t', _v.t._ to date before the true date: to date by -anticipation: to be earlier than. - -PREDECEASE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-s[=e]s', _n._ decease or death before some one or -something else.--_v.t._ to die before. - -PREDECESSOR, pr[=e]-d[=e]-ses'or, _n._ one who has been before another in -any office.--_v.t._ PREDECESS' (_rare_), to precede.--_adj._ PREDECES'SIVE. -[L. _prae_, before, _decessor_, a retiring officer, _deced[)e]re_, -_decessum_, to withdraw--_de_, away, _ced[)e]re_.] - -PREDECLARE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-kl[=a]r', _v.t._ to declare beforehand. - -PREDEFINE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-f[=i]n', _v.t._ to define beforehand.--_n._ -PREDEFINI'TION. - -PREDELINEATION, pr[=e]-d[=e]-lin-[=e]-[=a]'shun, _n._ the old theory which -supposed the whole body to be predelineated in little in the spermatozoon. - -PREDELLA, pr[=e]-del'a, _n._ the gradino, the step or ledge sometimes seen -at the back of an altar, also the frieze along the bottom of an -altar-piece. [It.] - -PREDESIGN, pr[=e]-d[=e]-z[=i]n', _v.t._ to design beforehand.--_v.t._ -PREDES'IGNATE, to determine upon in advance.--_adj._ designated in advance: -(_logic_) having the quantification of the predicate distinctly expressed -(_Sir W. Hamilton_).--_n._ PREDESIGN[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREDES'IGN[=A]TORY. - -PREDESTINE, pr[=e]-des'tin, _v.t._ to destine or decree beforehand: to -foreordain.--_adj._ PREDESTIN[=A]'RIAN, pertaining to predestination.--_n._ -one who holds the doctrine of predestination.--_n._ -PREDESTIN[=A]'RIANISM.--_v.t._ PREDES'TINATE, to determine beforehand: to -preordain by an unchangeable purpose.--_adj._ fore-ordained: fated.--_n._ -PREDESTIN[=A]'TION, act of predestinating: (_theol._) the doctrine that God -has from all eternity unalterably fixed whatever is to happen, esp. the -eternal happiness or misery of men.--_n._ PREDESTIN[=A]'TOR, one who -predestinates or foreordains: a predestinarian. - -PREDETERMINE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-t[.e]r'min, _v.t._ to determine or settle -beforehand.--_adjs._ PREDETER'MINABLE, capable of being determined -beforehand; PREDETER'MIN[=A]TE, determined beforehand.--_ns._ -PREDETERMIN[=A]'TION, act of predetermining, or state of being -predetermined; PREDETER'MINISM, determinism. - -PREDEVOTE, pr[=e]-d[=e]-v[=o]t', _adj._ foreordained. - -PREDIAL, pr[=e]'di-al, _adj._ consisting of land or farms: connected with -land: growing from land. [Fr. _pr['e]dial_--L. _praedium_, an estate.] - -PREDICABLE, pred'i-ka-bl, _adj._ that may be predicated or affirmed of -something: attributable.--_n._ anything that can be predicated of another, -or esp. of many others: one of the five attributes--genus, species, -difference, property, and accident.--_n._ PREDICABIL'ITY, quality of being -predicable. - -PREDICAMENT, pr[=e]-dik'a-ment, _n._ (_logic_) one of the classes or -categories which include all predicables: condition: an unfortunate or -trying position.--_adj._ PREDICAMEN'TAL. [Low L. _predicamentum_, something -predicated or asserted.] - -PREDICANT, pred'i-kant, _adj._ predicating: preaching.--_n._ one who -affirms anything: a preacher, esp. a preaching-friar. - -PREDICATE, pred'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to affirm one thing of another: to assert: -to base on certain grounds.--_n._ (_logic_ and _gram._) that which is -stated of the subject.--_n._ PREDIC[=A]'TION, act of predicating: -assertion: affirmation.--_adj._ PREDIC[=A]'TIVE, expressing predication or -affirmation: affirming: asserting.--_adv._ PRED'IC[=A]TIVELY.--_adj._ -PRED'IC[=A]TORY, affirmative. [L. _praedic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -proclaim.] - -PREDICT, pr[=e]-dikt', _v.t._ to declare or tell beforehand: to -prophesy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TABLE.--_n._ PREDIC'TION, act of predicting: that -which is predicted or foretold: prophecy.--_adj._ PREDIC'TIVE, foretelling: -prophetic.--_n._ PREDIC'TOR. [L. _praedictus_, pa.p. of -_praedic[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.] - -PREDIGEST, pr[=e]-di-jest', _v.t._ to digest artificially before -introducing into the body.--_n._ PREDIGES'TION. - -PREDILECTION, pr[=e]-di-lek'shun, _n._ a choosing beforehand: favourable -prepossession of mind: partiality.--_v.t._ PREDILECT', to prefer. [L. -_prae_, before, _dilectio_, _-onis_, choice--_dilig[)e]re_, _dilectum_, to -love--_dis_, apart, _leg[)e]re_, to choose.] - -PREDISCOVER, pr[=e]-dis-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to discover beforehand.--_n._ -PREDISCOV'ERY. - -PREDISPOSE, pr[=e]-dis-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to dispose or incline beforehand: to -render favourable.--_adj._ PREDISP[=O]'SING, inclining beforehand: making -liable.--_n._ PREDISPOSI'TION, state of being predisposed or previously -inclined: a state of body in which disease is easily excited.--_adj._ -PREDISPOSI'TIONAL. - -PREDOMINATE, pr[=e]-dom'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to dominate or rule over.--_v.i._ -to be dominant over: to surpass in strength or authority: to -prevail.--_ns._ PREDOM'INANCE, PREDOM'INANCY, condition of being -predominant: superior influence: superiority: ascendency.--_adj._ -PREDOM'INANT, ruling: having superior power: ascendant.--_adv._ -PREDOM'INANTLY.--_n._ PREDOMIN[=A]'TION, ascendency.--PREDOMINANT PARTNER, -the partner who has a larger stake in any business than the others--applied -by Lord Rosebery (1894) to England as a member of the United Kingdom. - -PREDONE, pr[=e]-dun', _adj._ worn out, exhausted. - -PREDOOM, pr[=e]-d[=oo]m', _v.t._ to doom in anticipation or beforehand. - -PREDORSAL, pr[=e]-dor'sal, _adj._ situated before the dorsal region of the -spine: cervical. - -PREDY, pr[=e]'di, _adj._ (_naut._) cleared for action. - -PREE, pr[=e], _v.t._ (_Scot._) to prove, esp. to taste. - -PRE-ELECT, pr[=e]-e-lekt', _v.t._ to elect or choose beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]-ELEC'TION, choice or election made by previous decision. - -PRE-EMINENCE, pr[=e]-em'i-nens, _n._ state of being pre-eminent: -superiority in excellence: (_Shak._) prerogative.--_adj._ PR[=E]-EM'INENT, -eminent above others: surpassing others in good or bad qualities: -outstanding: extreme.--_adv._ PR[=E]-EM'INENTLY. - -PRE-EMPLOY, pr[=e]-em-ploi', _v.t._ to employ beforehand. - -PRE-EMPTION, pr[=e]-em'shun, _n._ act or right of purchasing before -others.--_v.t._ PR[=E]-EMPT' (_U.S._), to secure, as land, by the right of -pre-emption.--_adjs._ PR[=E]-EMPT'IBLE; PR[=E]-EMPT'IVE.--_n._ -PR[=E]-EMPT'OR. [L. _prae_, before, _emptio_, a buying--_em[)e]re_, to -buy.] - -PREEN, pr[=e]n, _v.t._ to compose and arrange as birds do their feathers. -[_Prune_ (v.).] - -PREEN, pr[=e]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a pin.--_v.t._ to fasten. [A.S. _pre['o]n_, -a pin.] - -PRE-ENGAGE, pr[=e]-en-g[=a]j', _v.t._ to establish beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]-ENGAGE'MENT. - -PRE-ESTABLISH, pr[=e]-es-tab'lish, _v.t._ to establish beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]-ESTAB'LISHMENT.--PRE-ESTABLISHED HARMONY (see HARMONY). - -PREEVE, pr[=e]v, _n._ and _v.t._ obs. form of _proof_ and _prove_. - -PRE-EXAMINATION, pr[=e]-egz-am-i-n[=a]'shun, _n._ previous -examination.--_v.t._ PR[=E]-EXAM'INE. - -PRE-EXILIC, pr[=e]-eg-zil'ik, _adj._ before the exile--of O.T. writings -prior to the Jewish exile (_c._ 586-537 B.C.). - -PRE-EXIST, pr[=e]-egz-ist', _v.i._ to exist beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]-EXIST'ENCE, the existence of the soul in a previous state, before -the generation of the body with which it is united in this world.--_adj._ -PR[=E]-EXIST'ENT, existent or existing beforehand. - -PREFACE, pref'[=a]s, _n._ something usually of an explanatory kind, spoken -before: the introduction to a book, &c.: the ascription of glory, &c., in -the liturgy of consecration of the eucharist: a title or epithet.--_v.t._ -to introduce with a preface.--_adj._ PREFAT[=O]'RIAL, serving as a preface -or introduction.--_adv._ PREF'ATORILY.--_adj._ PREF'ATORY, pertaining to a -preface: serving as an introduction: introductory. [Fr. _pr['e]face_--L. -_praefatio_--_prae_, before, _f[=a]ri_, _fatus_, to speak.] - -PREFECT, pr[=e]'fekt, _n._ one placed in authority over others: a -commander: the administrative head of a modern French department.--_ns._ -PR[=E]'FECTSHIP, his office or jurisdiction; PR[=E]'FECTURE, the office or -district of a prefect: the house occupied by a prefect. [Fr. -_pr['e]fet_--L. _praefectus_, pa.p. of _praefic[)e]re_--_prae_, over, -_fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PREFER, pr[=e]-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to esteem above another: to regard or hold -in higher estimation: to choose or select before others: to promote: to -exalt: to offer or present, as a request: to bring forward for -consideration: to place in advance:--_pr.p._ prefer'ring; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ preferred'.--_ns._ PREFERABIL'ITY, PREF'ERABLENESS.--_adj._ -PREF'ERABLE, worthy to be preferred or chosen: more desirable or excellent: -of better quality.--_adv._ PREF'ERABLY, by choice: in preference.--_n._ -PREF'ERENCE, the act of preferring: estimation above another: the state of -being preferred: that which is preferred: choice.--_adj._ PREFERENTIAL -(pref-[.e]r-en'shal), having a preference.--_adv._ PREFEREN'TIALLY.--_ns._ -PREFER'MENT, the act of preferring: the state of being preferred or -advanced: advancement to a higher position: promotion: superior place, esp. -in the church; PREFER'RER, one who prefers.--PREFERENCE SHARES, or STOCK, -shares or stock on which the dividends must be paid before those on other -kinds. [Fr. _pr['e]f['e]rer_--L. _praeferre_--_prae_, before, _ferre_, to -bear.] - -PREFIGURE, pr[=e]-fig'[=u]r, _v.t._ to represent beforehand: to suggest by -former types or figures.--_ns._ PREFIGUR[=A]'TION, PREFIG'UREMENT.--_adj._ -PREFIG'UR[=A]TIVE, showing by previous figures, types, or similitudes. - -PREFIX, pr[=e]-fiks', _v.t._ to put before, or at the beginning: to fix -beforehand.--_ns._ PR[=E]'FIX, a letter, syllable, or word put before -another word to affect its meaning; PREFIX'ION, act of prefixing. - -PREFORM, pr[=e]-form', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to form beforehand: to determine -the shape of beforehand.--_n._ PREFORM[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREFOR'MATIVE. - -PREFRONTAL, pr[=e]-fron'tal, _adj._ pertaining to the forepart of the -forehead.--_n._ a bone of this region. - -PREFULGENCY, pr[=e]-ful'jen-si, _n._ superior brightness. - -PREGLACIAL, pr[=e]-gl[=a]'shal, _adj._ (_geol._) prior to the glacial or -drift period. - -PREGNABLE, preg'na-bl, _adj._ that may be taken by assault or force. [Fr. -_prenable_--_prendre_, to take--L. _prehend[)e]re_.] - -PREGNANT, preg'nant, _adj._ being with child or young: fruitful: abounding -with results: full of meaning: implying more than is actually expressed: -ready-witted: clever: ingenious: full of promise: free: evident: -clear.--_n._ PREG'NANCY, state of being pregnant: fertility: unusual -capacity.--_adv._ PREG'NANTLY. [O. Fr.--L. _praegnans_, _-antis_.] - -PREHALLUX, pr[=e]-hal'uks, _n._ a cartilaginous spur on the inner side of -the foot in some batrachians. - -PREHENSILE, pr[=e]-hen'sil, _adj._ seizing: adapted for seizing or -holding--also PREHEN'SORY.--_adj._ PREHEN'SIBLE, that may be seized.--_ns._ -PREHEN'SION, act of seizing or taking hold; PREHEN'SOR, one who takes hold. -[L. _pre-hend[)e]re_, _-hensum_, to seize.] - -PREHISTORIC, pr[=e]-his-tor'ik, _adj._ relating to a time before that -treated of in history.--_n._ PR[=E]HIS'TORY, history prior to record--the -Ger. _Urgeschichte_. - -PREHNITE, pren'[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime, usually -of a pale-green colour. [Named after _Prehn_, the discoverer of the -mineral.] - -PREIGNAC, pr[=a]-nyak', _n._ an esteemed white wine of Bordeaux. [From -_Preignac_ in the Gironde.] - -PRE-INSTRUCT, pr[=e]-in-strukt', _v.t._ to instruct beforehand. - -PRE-INTIMATION, pr[=e]-in-ti-m[=a]'shun, _n._ an intimation or suggestion -made beforehand. - -PREJINK, pr[=e]-jingk', _adj._ (_Scot._) tricked out with dress.--Also -PERJINK'. - -PREJUDGE, pr[=e]-juj', _v.t._ to judge or decide upon before hearing the -whole case: to condemn unheard.--_n._ PREJUDG'MENT.--_adj._ PREJUDICAL -(pre-j[=oo]'di-kal), pertaining to the determination of some undecided -matter.--_v.t._ PREJUDIC[=A]TE (-j[=oo]d'-), to judge beforehand: to -prejudge.--_v.i._ to decide without examination.--_n._ PREJUDIC[=A]'TION -(-j[=oo]d-).--_adj._ PREJUDIC[=A]TIVE (-j[=oo]d'-), forming a judgment or -opinion beforehand. [L. _praejudic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_prae_, before, -_judic[=a]re_, to judge.] - -PREJUDICE, prej'[=u]-dis, _n._ a judgment or opinion formed beforehand or -without due examination: a prejudgment: unreasonable prepossession for or -against anything: bias: injury or wrong of any kind: disadvantage: -mischief.--_v.t._ to fill with prejudice: to cause a prejudice against: to -prepossess: to bias the mind of: to injure or hurt.--_adj._ PREJUDI'CIAL, -causing prejudice or injury: disadvantageous: injurious: mischievous: -tending to obstruct.--_adv._ PREJUDI'CIALLY.--_n._ PREJUDI'CIALNESS. [O. -Fr.,--L. _praejudicium_--_prae_, before, _judicium_, judgment.] - -PREKNOWLEDGE, pr[=e]-nol'ej, _n._ prior knowledge. - -PRELATE, prel'[=a]t, _n._ the holder of one of those higher dignities in -the church to which, of their own right, is attached a proper jurisdiction, -not derived by delegation from any superior official: a church -dignitary.--_ns._ PREL'ACY, the office of a prelate: the order of bishops -or the bishops collectively: church government by prelates: episcopacy; -PREL'ATESHIP.--_adjs._ PRELAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to prelates or -prelacy.--_adv._ PRELAT'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ PREL'ATISE, to make or -to become prelatical.--_ns._ PREL'ATISM, PREL'ATURE, prelacy: the time -during which a prelate exercises authority; PREL'ATIST, an upholder of -prelacy. [Fr. _pr['e]lat_--L. _prelatus_--_prae_, before, _latus_, borne.] - -PRELECT, pr[=e]-lekt', _v.i._ to read before or in presence of others: to -read a discourse: to lecture.--_ns._ PRELEC'TION, a lecture or discourse -read to others; PRELEC'TOR, one who prelects: a lecturer. [L. -_praeleg[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _leg[)e]re_, _lectum_, to read.] - -PRELIBATION, pr[=e]-l[=i]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ a tasting beforehand, foretaste. -[L. _praelibatio_--_prae_, before, _lib[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to taste.] - -PRELIMINARY, pr[=e]-lim'in-ar-i, _adj._ introductory: preparatory: -preceding or preparing for the main discourse or business.--_n._ that which -precedes: introduction--used mostly in _pl._--_adv._ PRELIM'INARILY. [L. -_prae_, before, _liminaris_, relating to a threshold--_limen_, _liminis_, a -threshold.] - -PRELINGUAL, pr[=e]-ling'gwal, _adj._ prior to language. - -PRELUDE, pr[=e]-l[=u]d', or prel'[=u]d, _n._ the introductory movement of a -musical work: a prefatory piece to an oratorio, &c.: an organ voluntary -before a church service: a preface: a forerunner.--_v.t._ PRELUDE', to play -before: to preface, as an introduction.--_v.i._ to perform a prelude: to -serve as a prelude.--_adjs._ PREL[=U]'DIAL and PREL[=U]'DIOUS (_rare_); -PREL[=U]'SIVE, of the nature of a prelude: introductory.--_advs._ -PREL[=U]'SIVELY; PREL[=U]'SORILY.--_adj._ PREL[=U]'SORY, introductory. -[Fr.,--Late L. _praeludium_--L. _prae_, before, _lud[)e]re_, to play.] - -PREMANDIBULAR, pr[=e]-man-dib'[=u]-lar, _adj._ in front of the lower jaw, -as a bone of some reptiles. - -PREMATURE, pr[=e]-ma-t[=u]r', _adj._ mature before the proper time: -happening before the proper time: too soon believed: unauthenticated (as a -report).--_adv._ PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'LY.--_ns._ PREMAT[=U]R'ITY, -PR[=E]MAT[=U]RE'NESS. [L. _praematurus_--_prae_, before, _maturus_, ripe.] - -PREMAXILLARY, pr[=e]-mak'si-l[=a]-ri, _adj._ in front of the maxilla.--_n._ -such a bone. - -PREMEDITATE, pr[=e]-med'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to meditate upon beforehand: to -design previously.--_v.i._ to deliberate beforehand.--_adv._ -PREMED'IT[=A]TEDLY.--_n._ PREMEDIT[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PREMED'IT[=A]TIVE. -[L., _praemedit[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_prae_, before, _medit[=a]ri_, to -meditate.] - -PREMIER, pr[=e]'mi-[.e]r, _adj._ prime or first: chief: (_her._) most -ancient.--_n._ the first or chief: the prime-minister.--_v.i._ to govern as -premier.--_adj._ and _n._ PREMI[`E]RE (pre-my[=a]r'), first or leading -actress, dancer, forewoman, &c.--_n._ PR[=E]'MIERSHIP. [Fr.,--L. -_primarius_, of the first rank--_primus_, first.] - -PREMILLENNIAL, pr[=e]-mi-len'i-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to the times -before the millennium--also PREMILLEN[=A]'RIAN.--_n._ one who believes in -the premillennial advent of Christ.--_ns._ PREMILLEN[=A]'RIANISM; -PREMILLENN'IALISM. - -PREMISE, PREMISS, prem'is, _n._ that which is premised or stated at the -outset: a proposition previously stated or proved for after-reasoning: -(_logic_) one of the two propositions in a syllogism from which the -conclusion is drawn: the thing set forth in the beginning of a -deed.--_n.pl._ PREM'ISES, a building and its adjuncts. - -PREMISE, pr[=e]-m[=i]z', _v.t._ to send or state before the rest: to make -an introduction: to lay down propositions for subsequent reasonings. -[Fr.,--L. (_sententia_) _praemissa_, (a sentence) put before--_prae_, -before, _mitt[)e]re_, _missum_, to send.] - -PREMIUM, pr[=e]'mi-um, _n._ a reward: a prize: a bounty: payment made for -insurance: the difference in value above the original price or par of -stock--opp. to _Discount_: anything offered as an incentive.--_adjs._ -PR[=E]'MIAL, PR[=E]'MIANT.--_v.t._ PR[=E]'MIATE, to reward with a -premium.--AT A PREMIUM, above par (see PAR). [L. _praemium_--_prae_, above, -_em[)e]re_, to buy.] - -PREMOLAR, pr[=e]-m[=o]'lar, _adj._ before a molar, in place or time, -deciduous.--_n._ a milk-molar. - -PREMONISH, pr[=e]-mon'ish, _v.t._ to admonish or warn beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]MONI'TION, a warning or sign (often a feeling) of what is going to -happen.--_adjs._ PR[=E]MON'ITIVE, PR[=E]MON'ITORY, giving warning or notice -beforehand.--_n._ PR[=E]MON'ITOR, one who, or that which, gives warning -beforehand.--_adv._ PR[=E]MON'ITORILY. [_Pre-_, before, _monish_, a corr. -form through O. Fr., from L. _mon[=e]re_, to warn.] - -PREMONSTRANT, pr[=e]-mon'strant, _n._ a member of an order of regular -canons founded by St Norbert, in 1119, at a place in the forest of Coucy -(near Laon in the dep. of Aisne), pointed out in a vision, and thence -called Pr['e]montr['e] (L. _Pratum monstratum_=the meadow pointed -out)--called also Norbertines, and in England, from their habit, White -Canons.--Also PREMONSTRATEN'SIAN (_n._ and _adj._). - -PREMORSE, pr[=e]-mors', _adj._ ending abruptly, as if bitten off. [L. -_praemord[=e]re_, _praemorsum_, to bite in front.] - -PREMOSAIC, pr[=e]-m[=o]-z[=a]'ik, _adj._ before the time of _Moses_. - -PREMOTION, pr[=e]-m[=o]'shun, _n._ previous motion. - -PRENASAL, pr[=e]-n[=a]'sal, _adj._ in front of the nasal passages. - -PRENATAL, pr[=e]-n[=a]'tal, _adj._ previous to birth. - -PRENOMINATE, pr[=e]-nom'in-[=a]t, _p.adj._ (_Shak._) forenamed. - -PRENOTION, pr[=e]-n[=o]'shun, _n._ preconception. - -PRENTICE, pren'tis, _n._ Short for _apprentice_. - -PREOCCIPITAL, pr[=e]-ok-sip'i-tal, _adj._ situated before the occipital -region or lobe. - -PREOCCUPY, pr[=e]-ok'[=u]-p[=i], _v.t._ to occupy or take possession of -beforehand: to fill beforehand or with prejudices.--_ns._ PR[=E]OC'CUPANCY, -the act or the right of occupying beforehand; PR[=E]OC'CUPANT, a prior -occupant.--_v.t._ PR[=E]OC'CUP[=A]TE (_Bacon_), to occupy before -others.--_n._ PR[=E]OCCUP[=A]'TION.--_adj._ PR[=E]OC'CUPIED, already -occupied: lost in thought, abstracted. - -PREOPTION, pr[=e]-op'shun, _n._ the right of first choice. - -PREORAL, pr[=e]-[=o]'ral, _adj._ situated in front of the mouth.--_adv._ -PRE[=O]'RALLY. - -PREORDAIN, pr[=e]-or-d[=a]n', _v.t._ to ordain, appoint, or determine -beforehand.--_n._ PREORDIN[=A]'TION. - -PREORDER, pr[=e]-or'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to arrange beforehand.--_n._ -PREOR'DINANCE, a rule previously established. - -PREPAID, pr[=e]-p[=a]d', _adj._ paid beforehand. - -PREPARATION, prep-a-r[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of preparing: previous -arrangement: the state of being prepared or ready: that which is prepared -or made ready: (_anat._) a part of any animal body preserved as a specimen: -the day before the Sabbath or other Jewish feast-day: devotional exercises -introducing an office: (_mus._) the previous introduction, as an integral -part of a chord, of a note continued into a succeeding dissonance.--_adj._ -PR[=E]PAR'ATIVE, having the power of preparing or making ready: fitting for -anything.--_n._ that which prepares the way: preparation.--_adv._ -PR[=E]PAR'ATIVELY, by way of preparation.--_adj._ PR[=E]PAR'ATORY, -preparing for something coming: previous: introductory. [Fr.,--L.] - -PREPARE, pr[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to make ready beforehand: to fit for any -purpose: to make ready for use: to adapt: to form: to set or appoint: to -provide: to equip.--_v.i._ to get one's self ready: to put everything in -proper order: to lead up to.--_n._ (_Shak._) preparation.--_adj._ -PREPARED', made ready, fit, or suitable: ready.--_adv._ -PREP[=A]'REDLY.--_ns._ PREP[=A]'REDNESS; PREP[=A]'RER. [Fr.,--L. -_praepar[=a]re_--_prae_, before, _par[=a]re_, to make ready.] - -PREPAY, pr[=e]-p[=a]', _v.t._ to pay before or in advance.--_n._ -PREPAY'MENT. - -PREPENSE, pr[=e]-pens', _adj._ premeditated: intentional, chiefly in the -phrase 'malice prepense'=malice aforethought or intentional--(_obs._) -PREPEN'SIVE.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to consider or deliberate -beforehand.--_adv._ PREPENSE'LY, intentionally. [Fr.,--L. _prae_, before, -_pens[=a]re_--_pend[)e]re_, _pensum_, to weigh.] - -PREPOLLENCE, pr[=e]-pol'ens, _n._ prevalence--also PREPOLL'ENCY.--_adj._ -PREPOLL'ENT. - -PREPONDERATE, pr[=e]-pon'd[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to outweigh: to incline to -one side: to exceed in power or influence.--_ns._ PREPON'DERANCE, -PREPON'DERANCY, PREPONDER[=A]'TION, power or state of outweighing: excess -of weight, number, or quantity: predominance.--_adj._ PREPON'DERANT, -outweighing: superior in weight, power, or influence.--_advs._ -PREPON'DERANTLY, PREPONDER[=A]'TINGLY. [L. _prae_, before, _ponder[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to weigh--_pondus_, a weight.] - -PREPOSITION, prep-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a word placed before a noun or pronoun -to show its relation to some other word of the sentence.--_adj._ -PREPOSI'TIONAL.--_adv._ PREPOSI'TIONALLY.--_adj._ PREPOSI'TIVE, put before: -prefixed.--_n._ a word or particle put before another word--opp. to -_Post-positive_.--_n._ PREPOS'ITOR, a school-monitor. [Fr.,--L. -_praepositio_--_prae_, before, _pon[)e]re_, _positum_, to place.] - -PREPOSSESS, pr[=e]-poz-zes', _v.t._ to possess beforehand: to fill -beforehand, as the mind with some opinion: to bias or prejudice.--_adj._ -PREPOSSESS'ING, tending to prepossess in one's favour: making a favourable -impression.--_adv._ PREPOSSESS'INGLY.--_n._ PREPOSSES'SION, previous -possession: impression formed beforehand, usually a favourable one. - -PREPOSTEROUS, pr[=e]-pos't[.e]r-us, _adj._ contrary to nature or reason: -wrong: absurd: foolish.--_adv._ PREPOS'TEROUSLY.--_n._ PREPOS'TEROUSNESS, -unreasonableness. [L. _praeposterus_--_prae_, before, _posterus_, -after--_post_, after.] - -PREPOTENT, pr[=e]-p[=o]'tent, _adj._ powerful in a very high degree: -excelling others in influence or authority.--_ns._ PREP[=O]'TENCE, -PREP[=O]'TENCY.--_adj._ PREPOTEN'TIAL. - -PREPUCE, pr[=e]'p[=u]s, _n._ the loose skin of the penis covering the -glans: the foreskin.--_adj._ PREP[=U]'TIAL. [L. _praeputium_.] - -PREPUNCTUAL, pr[=e]-pungk't[=u]-al, _adj._ excessively prompt.--_n._ -PREPUNCTUAL'ITY. - -PRERAPHAELITISM, pr[=e]-raf'[=a]-el-[=i]-tizm, _n._ a style of painting -begun in 1847-49 by D. G. Rossetti, W. Holman Hunt, J. E. Millais, and -others in imitation of the painters who lived before _Raphael_ (1483-1523), -and characterised by a truthful, almost rigid, adherence to natural forms -and effects--also PRERAPH'AELISM.--_adj._ PRERAPH'AELITE, pertaining to, or -resembling, the style of art before the time of Raphael--also _n._--_adj._ -PRERAPH'AELITISH. - -PREREMOTE, pr[=e]-r[=e]-m[=o]t', _adj._ more remote in previous time or -order. - -PREREQUISITE, pr[=e]-rek'wi-zit, _n._ something previously necessary: -something needed in order to gain an end.--_adj._ required as a condition -of something else. - -PREROGATIVE, pr[=e]-rog'a-tiv, _n._ a peculiar privilege shared by no -other: a right arising out of one's rank, position, or nature.--_adj._ -arising out of, or held by, prerogative.--_v.t._ to endow with a -prerogative.--_adj._ PREROG'ATIVED (_Shak._), having a prerogative or -exclusive privilege.--_adv._ PREROG'ATIVELY, by prerogative or exclusive -privilege.--PREROGATIVE COURT, formerly a court having jurisdiction over -testamentary matters.--ROYAL PREROGATIVE, the rights which a sovereign has -by right of office, which are different in different countries. [Fr.,--L. -_praerogativus_, that is asked before others for his opinion or -vote--_prae_, before, _rog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to ask.] - -PRESAGE, pr[=e]s'[=a]j, _n._ something that gives warning of a future -event: a foreboding: a presentiment.--_v.t._ PR[=E]SAGE', to forebode: to -warn of something to come: to predict.--_v.i._ to have a presentiment -of.--_adj._ PRESAGE'FUL.--_ns._ PRESAGE'MENT, the act of presaging: that -which is presaged: prediction; PRESAG'ER. [Fr. _pr['e]sage_--L. -_praesagium_--_praesag[=i]re_--_prae_, before, _sag[=i]re_, to perceive -quickly.] - -PRESANCTIFY, pr[=e]-sangk'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to consecrate beforehand. - -PRESARTORIAL, pr[=e]-s[:a]r-t[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ before the age of -tailoring. [L. _sartor_--_sarc[=i]re_, to patch.] - -PRESBYOPIA, pres-bi-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ long-sightedness, together with -diminished power of distinguishing things near, common in old age--also -PRES'BYOPY.--_n._ PRES'BYOPE, one so affected.--_adj._ PRESBYOP'IC.--_n._ -PRES'BYTE, one affected with presbyopia. [Gr. _presbys_, old, _[=o]ps_, -_[=o]pos_, the eye.] - -PRESBYTER, prez'bi-t[.e]r, _n._ an elder, a priest: a minister or priest in -rank between a bishop and a deacon: a member of a presbytery.--_adjs._ -PRESBYT'ERAL, PRESBYT[=E]'RIAL, PRESBYT[=E]'RIAN, pertaining to, or -consisting of, presbyters: pertaining to Presbytery or that form of church -government in which all the clergy or presbyters are equal--opp. to -_Episcopacy_.--_n._ PRESBYT'ER[=A]TE, the office of a presbyter: a -presbytery.--_adv._ PRESBYT[=E]'RIALLY.--_ns._ PRESBYT[=E]'RIAN; -PRESBYT[=E]'RIANISM, the form of church government by presbyters; -PRES'BYTERSHIP; PRES'BYTERY, a church court ranking between the -Kirk-session and the Synod, consisting of the ministers and one elder, a -layman, from each church within a certain district: that part of the church -reserved for the officiating priests: (_R.C._) a clergyman's -house.--REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, a religious body in Scotland, called -also _Cameronians_, who remained separate from the Church of Scotland and -maintained the perpetual obligation of the Covenants--the greater part -joined the Free Church in 1876; UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, a religious -body formed by the union of the Secession and Relief Churches in -1847--itself uniting with the Free Church in 1900. [L.,--Gr. _presbyteros_, -comp. of _presbys_, old.] - -PRESCIENCE, pr[=e]'shi-ens, _n._ knowledge of events beforehand: -foresight.--_adj._ PR[=E]'SCIENT, knowing things beforehand.--_adv._ -PR[=E]'SCIENTLY. [L. _praesciens_, pr.p. of _praesc[=i]re_--_prae_, before, -_sc[=i]re_, to know.] - -PRESCIENTIFIC, pr[=e]-s[=i]-en-tif'ik, _adj._ before the scientific age, -before knowledge was systematised. - -PRESCIND, pr[=e]-sind', _v.t._ to abstract from other facts or -ideas.--_v.i._ to withdraw the attention (_from_).--_adj._ -PR[=E]SCIN'DENT.--_n._ PR[=E]SCIS'SION. - -PRESCRIBE, pr[=e]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to lay down as a rule or direction: to -give as an order: to appoint: (_med._) to give directions for, as a remedy: -to render useless or invalid through lapse of time.--_v.i._ to lay down -rules: to claim on account of long possession: to become of no force -through time.--_ns._ PR[=E]SCRIB'ER; PR[=E]'SCRIPT, something prescribed: -direction: model prescribed; PR[=E]SCRIPTIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ -PR[=E]SCRIP'TIBLE, that may be prescribed.--_n._ PR[=E]SCRIP'TION, act of -prescribing or directing: (_med._) a written direction for the preparation -of a medicine: a recipe: (_law_) custom continued until it becomes a right -or has the force of law.--_adj._ PR[=E]SCRIP'TIVE, consisting in, or -acquired by, custom or long-continued use: customary.--PRESCRIPTIVE TITLE, -a title established by right of prescription. [L. _praescrib[)e]re_, -_-scriptum_--_prae_, before, _scrib[)e]re_, to write.] - -PRESEE, pr[=e]-s[=e]', _v.t._ to foresee. - -PRESENCE, prez'ens, _n._ state of being present--opp. of Absence: situation -near or within sight, &c., companionship: approach face to face: nearness -to the person of a superior: an assembly of great persons: mien: personal -appearance: an apparition: calmness, readiness, as of mind: (_Shak._) a -presence-chamber.--_ns._ PRES'ENCE-CHAM'BER, -ROOM, the chamber or room in -which a great personage receives company.--_adj._ PRES'ENT, being in a -certain place--opp. to _Absent_: now under view or consideration: being at -this time: not past or future: ready at hand: attentive: not absent-minded: -(_gram._) denoting time just now, or making a general statement.--_n._ -present time or business: (_pl._) the writing of a letter, or a deed of any -kind as actually shown at any time: any deed or writing.--_adj._ -PR[=E]SEN'TIAL, having or implying actual presence.--_n._ -PR[=E]SENTIAL'ITY.--_adv._ PR[=E]SEN'TIALLY.--_n._ PRES'ENTNESS, state of -being present.--PRESENCE OF MIND, a state of mind which enables a person to -speak or act with calmness and promptness in circumstances of great and -sudden difficulties.--AT PRESENT, at the present time, now; REAL PRESENCE, -a doctrine or belief that the body and blood of Christ are really and -substantially present in the eucharist; THE PRESENT, the present time. [O. -Fr.,--L. _praesentia_--_praesens_, _-sentis_--_prae_, before, _sens_, -being.] - -PRESENT, pr[=e]-zent', _v.t._ to set before, to introduce into the presence -of: to exhibit to view: to offer as a gift: to put into the possession of -another: to make a gift of: to appoint to a benefice: to lay before for -consideration: to point, as a gun before firing.--_n._ PRES'ENT, that which -is presented or given, a gift.--_adj._ PR[=E]SENT'ABLE, fit to be -presented: capable of being presented to a church living.--_n._ -PRESENT[=A]'TION, act of presenting: a setting forth, as of a truth: -representation: the act or the right of presenting to a benefice: the -appearance of a particular part of the fetus at the superior pelvic strait -during labour.--_adj._ PRESENT'ATIVE, having the right of presentation: -pertaining to immediate cognition.--_ns._ PRESENT[=EE]', one who is -presented to a benefice; PR[=E]SENT'ER.--_adj._ PR[=E]SENT'IVE, -presentative, non-symbolic (of words).--_n._ PR[=E]SENT'IVENESS.--_adv._ -PRES'ENTLY, after a little, by-and-by, shortly: (_arch._) without delay, at -once.--_n._ PRESENT'MENT, act of presenting: the thing presented or -represented: (_law_) notice taken of an offence by a grand-jury from their -own knowledge or observation: accusation presented to a court by a -grand-jury.--PRESENT ARMS, to bring the gun or rifle to a perpendicular -position in front of the body, as a token of respect to a superior officer. -[Fr.,--L. _praesent[=a]re_--_praesens_.] - -PRESENTIENT, pr[=e]-sen'shi-ent, _adj._ perceiving beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]SEN'SION. - -PRESENTIMENT, pr[=e]-sen'ti-ment, _n._ a sentiment or feeling beforehand: -previous opinion: an impression as of something unpleasant soon to happen. -[O. Fr.,--L. _praesent[=i]re_.] - -PRESENTOIR, prez-en-twor', _n._ a tray or salver: a Japanese lacquered -stand for a bowl. [Fr.] - -PRESERVE, pr[=e]-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep safe from harm or injury: to -defend: to keep in a sound state: to season for preservation: to make -lasting: to keep up, as appearances.--_n._ that which is preserved, as -fruit, &c.: that which preserves: a place for the protection of animals, as -game: (_pl._) spectacles to protect the eyes from strong light, &c.--_n._ -PR[=E]SERVABIL'ITY.--_adj._ PR[=E]SER'VABLE.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV[=A]'TION, act -of preserving or keeping safe: state of being preserved: safety.--_adjs._ -PR[=E]SER'VATIVE, PR[=E]SER'VATORY, tending to preserve: having the quality -of preserving.--_n._ that which preserves: a preventive of injury or -decay.--_n._ PR[=E]SERV'ER. [Fr. _pr['e]server_--L. _prae_, beforehand, -_serv[=a]re_, to preserve.] - -PRESES, pr[=e]'s[=e]z, _n._ (_Scot._) a president or chairman. - -PRESIDE, pr[=e]-z[=i]d', _v.i._ to direct or control, esp. at a meeting: to -superintend.--_ns._ PRES'IDENCY, the office of a president, or his dignity, -term of office, jurisdiction, or residence: a division of British India, as -the _Presidency_ of Bengal; PRES'IDENT, one who presides over a meeting: a -chairman: the chief officer of a college, institution, &c.: an officer -elected from time to time, as chief ruler of a republic--also _adj._ -(_Milt._).--_n.fem._ PRES'IDENTESS.--_adj._ PRESIDEN'TIAL, presiding over: -pertaining to a president.--_n._ PRES'IDENTSHIP.--LORD PRESIDENT, the -presiding judge of the Court of Session in Scotland; LORD PRESIDENT OF THE -COUNCIL, a member of the House of Lords who presides over the privy -council, with especial charge of education, sanitation, &c. [Fr. -_pr['e]sider_--L. _praesid[=e]re_--_prae_, before, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.] - -PRESIDIAL, pr[=e]-sid'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a garrison.--_adj._ and -_n._ PR[=E]SID'IARY.--_n._ PR[=E]SID'IO (_Sp. Amer._), a military post: a -penitentiary. - -PRESIGNIFY, pr[=e]-sig'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to signify beforehand.--_n._ -PR[=E]SIGNIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of showing beforehand. - -PRESS, pres, _v.t._ to push on or against with a heavy weight or with great -force: to squeeze out, as juice: to clasp or embrace: to bear heavily on: -to distress: to urge strongly: to present to the mind with earnestness: to -lay stress upon: to hurry on with great speed: to shape or smooth by the -application of weight.--_v.i._ to exert pressure: to push with force: to -crowd: to go forward with violence: to urge with vehemence and importunity: -to exert a strong influence.--_n._ PRESS'ER.--_adj._ PRESS'ING, urgent: -importunate: forcible.--_adv._ PRESS'INGLY.--_n._ PRES'SION. [Fr. -_presser_--L. _press[=a]re_--_prem[)e]re_, _pressum_, to squeeze.] - -PRESS, pres, _n._ an instrument for squeezing bodies: a printing-machine: -the art or business of printing and publishing: act of urging forward: -urgency: strong demand: a crowd: a closet for holding articles.--_ns._ -PRESS'-BED, a bed enclosed in a cupboard, or folding up into it; PRESS'FAT -(_B._), the vat of an olive or wine press for collecting the liquor; -PRESS'MAN, one who works a printing-press: a journalist or reporter: a -member of a pressgang; PRESS'MARK, a mark upon a book to show its place -among others in a library; PRESS'-ROOM, a room where printing-presses are -worked; PRESS'-WORK, the operation of taking impressions from type or -plates by means of the printing-press.--PRESS OF SAIL, as much sail as can -be carried.--BRAHMAH PRESS, a hydraulic press called after Mr _Brahmah_, -its inventor; CYLINDER PRESS, a printing-press in which the types are laid -on a cylinder which revolves, instead of on a flat surface; HYDRAULIC PRESS -(see HYDRAULIC); LIBERTY OF THE PRESS, the right of publishing books, &c., -without submitting them to a government authority for permission; THE -PRESS, the literature of a country, esp. its newspapers. - -PRESS, pres, _v.t._ to carry men off by violence to become soldiers or -sailors.--_ns._ PRESS'GANG, a gang or body of sailors under an officer -empowered to impress men into the navy; PRESS'-MON'EY (for _prest-money_), -earnest-money. [Corr. from old form _prest_, from O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. -_pr[^e]ter_), to lend--_praest[=a]re_, to offer--_prae_, before, -_st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -PRESSIROSTER, pres-si-ros't[.e]r, _n._ one of a tribe of wading birds, the -PRESSIROS'TRES, having a flattened beak.--_adj._ PRESSIROS'TRAL. [L. -_pressus_, pa.p. of _prem[)e]re_, to press, _rostrum_, a beak.] - -PRESSURE, presh'[=u]r, _n._ act of pressing or squeezing: the state of -being pressed: impulse: constraining force or influence: that which presses -or afflicts: difficulties: urgency: strong demand: (_physics_) the action -of force on something resisting it.--CENTRE OF PRESSURE (see CENTRE). [O. -Fr.,--L. _pressura_--_prem[)e]re_, to press.] - -PREST, prest, _adj._ ready: neat: at hand.--_n._ ready-money: a -loan.--_v.t._ to pay out: to lend. [L. _praesto_, ready.] - -PRESTER JOHN, pres't[.e]r jon, _n._ the name applied by medieval credulity -(12th-14th cent.) to the supposed Christian sovereign of a vast empire in -Central Asia. [O. Fr. _prester_ (Fr. _pr[^e]tre_), priest.] - -PRESTIDIGITATION, pres-ti-dij-i-t[=a]'shun, _n._ sleight of hand--also -PRESTIG'I[=A]TION.--_adj._ PRESTIDIG'ITAL.--_ns._ PRESTIDIG'IT[=A]TOR, -PRESTIG'I[=A]TOR, one who practises sleight of hand. - -PRESTIGE, pres-t[=e]zh', or pres'tij, _n._ influence arising from past -conduct or from reputation. [Fr.,--L. _praestigium_, -delusion--_praestingu[)e]re_, to deceive.] - -PRESTO, pres'to, _adv._ quick: at once: (_mus._) quickly, quicker than -_allegro_:--_superl._ PRESTIS'SIMO. [It.,--L. _praesto_, ready.] - -PRESTRICTION, pr[=e]-strik'shun, _n._ blindness. [L. _praestring[)e]re_, -_praestrictum_, to draw tight.] - -PRESTUDY, pr[=e]-stud'i, _v.t._ to study beforehand. - -PRESULTOR, pr[=e]-sul'tor, _n._ a leader of a dance. - -PRESUME, pr[=e]-z[=u]m', _v.t._ to take as true without examination or -proof: to take for granted.--_v.i._ to venture beyond what one has ground -for: to act forwardly or without proper right.--_adj._ PRES[=U]M'ABLE, that -may be presumed or supposed to be true.--_adv._ PRES[=U]M'ABLY.--_adj._ -PRES[=U]M'ING, venturing without permission: unreasonably bold.--_adv._ -PRES[=U]M'INGLY.--_n._ PRESUMP'TION, act of presuming: supposition: strong -probability: that which is taken for granted: confidence grounded on -something not proved: conduct going beyond proper bounds: (_law_) an -assuming of the truth of certain facts from the existence of others having -some connection with them.--_adj._ PRESUMP'TIVE, presuming: grounded on -probable evidence: (_law_) proving circumstantially.--_adv._ -PRESUMP'TIVELY.--PRESUMPTIVE EVIDENCE, evidence for a fact derived from -other facts having some connection with it: indirect evidence.--HEIR -PRESUMPTIVE, the person, not son or daughter, at present next in succession -to any living person. [Fr. _pr['e]sumer_--L. _praesum[)e]re_--_prae_, -before, _sum[)e]re_, to take--_sub_, under, _em[)e]re_, to buy.] - -PRESUMPTUOUS, pr[=e]-zump't[=u]-us, _adj._ full of presumption: going -beyond the bounds of right or duty: bold and confident: founded on -presumption: wilful.--_adv._ PRESUMP'TUOUSLY.--_n._ PRESUMP'TUOUSNESS. [L. -_praesumptuosus_.] - -PRESUPPOSE, pr[=e]-sup-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to suppose before actual knowledge: -to assume or take for granted.--_n._ PRESUPPOSI'TION. - -PRESURMISE, pr[=e]-sur-m[=i]z', _n._ (_Shak._) a surmise previously formed. - -PRETEND, pr[=e]-tend', _v.t._ to hold out as a cloak for something else: to -lay claim to: to attempt, undertake: to offer as true something that is not -so: to affect to feel: (_obs._) to offer, present.--_v.i._ to put in a -claim: to make-believe.--_ns._ PRETENCE', something pretended: appearance -or show to hide reality: false show or reason: pretext: assumption: claim; -PRETEN'DANT, -ENT, a pretender.--_adjs_. PRETEN'DED, PRETEN'SED, -ostensible, assumed.--_adv._ PRETEN'DEDLY.--_ns._ PRETEN'DER; -PRETEN'DERSHIP.--_adv._ PRETEN'DINGLY.--_n._ PRETEN'SION, act of -pretending: something pretended: false or fictitious appearance: claim -either true or false.--_adj._ PRETEN'TIOUS, marked by or containing -pretence: claiming more than is warranted: presumptuous: arrogant.--_adv._ -PRETEN'TIOUSLY, in a pretentious manner.--_n._ PRETEN'TIOUSNESS, the -quality of being pretentious. [Fr. _pr['e]tendre_--L. -_praetend[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _tend[)e]re_, _tentum_, _tensum_, to -stretch.] - -PRETENSE. Same as PRETENCE. - -PRETERCANINE, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-ka-n[=i]n', _adj._ more than canine. - -PRETERHUMAN, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-h[=u]'man, _adj._ more than human. - -PRETERIMPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-im-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ implying that an -event was happening at a certain past time. - -PRETERITE, pret'[.e]r-it, _adj._ gone by: past: noting the past -tense.--_n._ the past tense.--_ns._ PRET'ERIST, one who holds the -prophecies of the Apocalypse already fulfilled; PRET'ERITENESS.--_adj._ -PRETERI'TIAL (_biol._), once active but now latent.--_n._ PRETERI'TION, the -act of passing over: the doctrine that God passes over the non-elect in -electing to eternal life those predestinated to salvation.--_adj._ -PRETER'ITIVE, expressing past times. [L. _praeteritus_--_praeter_, beyond, -_[=i]re_, _[=i]tum_, to go.] - -PRETERMIT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-mit', _v.t._ to pass by: to omit: to leave -undone:--_pr.p._ pr[=e]termit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -pr[=e]termit'ted.--_n._ PRETERMIS'SION, the act of passing by: omission. -[L. _praeter_, past, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] - -PRETERNATURAL, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ beyond what is natural: -out of the regular course of things: extraordinary.--_n._ -PRETERNAT'URALISM, belief in the preternatural: preternatural -existence.--_adv._ PRETERNAT'URALLY.--_n._ PRETERNAT'URALNESS. - -PRETERNUPTIAL, pr[=e]-ter-nup'shal, _adj._ adulterous. - -PRETERPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-p[.e]r'fekt, _adj._ denoting the perfect -tense. - -PRETERPLUPERFECT, pr[=e]-t[.e]r-pl[=oo]'p[.e]r-fekt, _adj._ denoting the -pluperfect tense. - -PRETEXT, pr[=e]'tekst, or pr[=e]-tekst', _n._ an assumed motive or reason -put forward to conceal the real one: a pretence. [L. -_praetextum_--_praetex[)e]re_--_prae_, before, _tex[)e]re_, to weave.] - -PRETHOUGHTFUL, pr[=e]-thawt'f[=oo]l, _adj._ forethoughtful, prudent. - -PRETIBIAL, pr[=e]-tib'i-al, _adj._ situated upon the front of the lower -part of the leg. - -PRETOR, &c. See PRAETOR, &c. - -PRETTY, pret'i, _adj._ tasteful: pleasing to the eye: having attractive but -not striking beauty: neat: beautiful without dignity: small: affected: -moderately large, considerable: puny, weak (a term of endearment): (in -contempt) fine: (_obs._) shrewd, cunning: (_obs._) strong, warlike.--_adv._ -in some degree: moderately.--_v.t._ PRETT'IFY, to make pretty in an -excessively ornamental way.--_adv._ PRETT'ILY, in a pretty manner: -pleasingly: elegantly: neatly.--_n._ PRETT'INESS.--_adj._ PRETT'YISH, -somewhat pretty.--_n._ PRETT'YPRETTY (_coll._), a knick-knack.--_adj._ -PRETT'Y-SP[=O]'KEN, speaking or spoken prettily.--PRETTY MUCH, very nearly. -[A.S. _praettig_, tricky--_praett_, trickery; prob. Low L. _practicus_--Gr. -_praktikos_--_prattein_, to do.] - -PRETYPIFY, pr[=e]-tip'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to represent by a type what is to -happen: to prefigure. - -PRETZEL, pret'sel, _n._ a brittle biscuit, cracknel. [Ger.,--Old High Ger. -_brizilla_, _prezitella_--Low L. _bracellus_, also _braciolum_, a kind of -cake.] - -PREVAIL, pr[=e]-v[=a]l', _v.i._ to be very powerful: to gain the victory: -to have the upper hand: to have greater influence or effect: to overcome: -to be in force: to succeed.--_v.t._ (_obs.)_ avail.--_adj._ PREVAIL'ING, -having great power: controlling: bringing about results: very general or -common.--_adv._ PREVAIL'INGLY.--_ns._ PREVAIL'MENT (_Shak._), prevalence; -PREV'ALENCE, PREV'ALENCY, the state of being prevalent or wide-spread: -superior strength or influence: preponderance: efficacy.--_adj._ -PREV'ALENT, prevailing: having great power: victorious: wide-spread: most -common.--_adv._ PREV'ALENTLY. [Fr. _pr['e]valoir_--L. -_praeval[=e]re_--_prae_, before, _val[=e]re_, to be powerful.] - -PREVARICATE, pr[=e]-var'i-k[=a]t, _v.i._ to shift about from side to side, -to evade the truth: to quibble: (_obs._) to undertake a thing with the -purpose of defeating or destroying it: (_law_) to betray a client by -collusion with his opponent.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to pervert, -transgress.--_ns._ PR[=E]VARIC[=A]'TION, the act of quibbling to evade the -truth; PR[=E]VAR'IC[=A]TOR, one who prevaricates to evade the truth: a -quibbler. [L. _praevaric[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_prae_, inten., _varicus_, -straddling--_varus_, bent.] - -PREVENANCY, prev'[=e]-nan-si, _n._ complaisance. - -PREVENT, pr[=e]-vent', _v.t._ to hinder: to check: to render impossible: -(_orig._) to go before: to be earlier than.--_v.t._ PR[=E]VENE' (rare), to -precede.--_n._ PREV[=E]'NIENCE.--_adj._ PREV[=E]'NIENT (_Milt._), going -before: preceding: preventive.--_n._ PREVENTABIL'ITY, the quality of being -preventable.--_adj._ PREVEN'TABLE, that may be prevented or -hindered.--_ns._ PREVEN'TER, one who, or that which, prevents or hinders: -(_naut._) an additional rope or spar for strengthening the ordinary one; -PREVEN'TION, act of preventing: anticipation or forethought: -obstruction.--_adjs._ PREVEN'TIVE, PREVEN'TATIVE, tending to prevent or -hinder: preservative.--_n._ that which prevents: a preservative.--_adv._ -PREVEN'TIVELY.--_n._ PREVEN'TIVENESS.--PREVENTIVE SERVICE, the service -rendered by the coastguard in preventing smuggling. [L. _praeventus_, pa.p. -of _praeven[=i]re_--_prae_, before, _ven[=i]re_, to come.] - -PREVERTEBRAL, pr[=e]-v[.e]r'te-bral, _adj._ situated or developing before -the vertebrae. - -PREVIOUS, pr[=e]'vi-us, _adj._ going before in time: former.--_adv._ -PR[=E]'VIOUSLY.--_n._ PR[=E]'VIOUSNESS, antecedence: priority in -time.--PREVIOUS QUESTION, a motion made during a debate, 'that the main -question be now put.' If the decision be 'yes,' the debate is ended and the -question put and decided; if it be 'no,' the debate is adjourned in the -British parliament, but continues in the American assembly. [L. -_praeevius_--_prae_, before, _via_, a way.] - -PREVISE, pr[=e]-viz', _v.t._ to foresee: to forewarn.--_n._ PREVI'SION, -foresight: foreknowledge. [L. _praevid[=e]re_, _praevisum_, to -foresee--_prae_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.] - -PREWARN, pr[=e]-wawrn', _v.t._ to warn beforehand. - -PREX, preks, _n._ in U.S. college slang the president of a college.--Also -PREX'Y. - -PREY, pr[=a], _n._ that which is taken by robbery or force: booty: plunder: -that which is or may be seized to be devoured: a victim: depredation: -(_Shak._) the act of seizing.--_v.i._ to take plunder: to seize and devour: -to waste or impair gradually: to weigh heavily (_on_ or _upon_), as the -mind.--_adj._ PREY'FUL (_Shak._), having a disposition to prey on -others.--BEAST OF PREY, one who devours other animals. [O. Fr. _praie_ (Fr. -_proie_)--L. _praeda_, booty.] - -PRIAPUS, pr[=i]-[=a]'pus, _n._ an ancient deity personifying male -generative power.--_adjs._ PRIAP'IC, PRIAP[=E]'AN.--_n._ PR[=I]'APISM. - -PRICE, pr[=i]s, _n._ that at which anything is prized, valued, or bought: -excellence: recompense.--_v.t._ to set value on: (_coll._) to ask the price -of: (_Spens._) to pay the price of.--_ns._ PRICE'-CURR'ENT, -LIST, a list -of the prices paid for any class of goods, &c.--_adjs._ PRICED, set at a -value; PRICE'LESS, beyond price: invaluable: without value: -worthless.--_n._ PRICE'LESSNESS.--PRICE OF MONEY, the rate of discount in -lending or borrowing capital.--WITHOUT PRICE, priceless. [O. Fr. _pris_ -(Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.] - -PRICK, prik, _n._ that which pricks or penetrates: a sharp point: the act -or feeling of pricking: a puncture: a sting: remorse: (_Shak._) a thorn, -prickle, skewer, point of time: (_Spens._) point, pitch.--_v.t._ to pierce -with a prick: to erect any pointed thing: to fix by the point: to put on by -puncturing: to mark or make by pricking: to incite: to deck out as with -flowers or feathers: to pain.--_v.i._ to have a sensation of puncture: to -stand erect: to ride with spurs:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pricked.--_adj._ -PRICK'-EARED, having pointed ears.--_ns._ PRICK'ER, that which pricks: a -sharp-pointed instrument: light-horseman: a priming wire; PRICK'ING; -PRICKLE (prik'l), a little prick: a sharp point growing from the bark of a -plant or from the skin of an animal.--_v.t._ to prick slightly.--_v.i._ -(_Spens._) to be prickly.--_ns._ PRICK'LE-BACK, the stickle-back; -PRICK'LINESS; PRICK'LING, the act of piercing with a sharp point: (_Shak._) -the sensation of being pricked.--_adj._ prickly.--_adj._ PRICK'LY, full of -prickles.--_ns._ PRICK'LY-HEAT, a severe form of the skin disease known as -lichen, with itching and stinging sensations; PRICK'LY-PEAR, a class of -plants with clusters of prickles and fruit like the pear; PRICK'-ME-DAIN'TY -(_Scot._), an affected person.--_adj._ over-precise.--_ns._ PRICK'-SONG -(_Shak._), a song set to music: music in parts; PRICK'-SPUR, a goad-spur; -PRICK'-THE-GAR'TER (cf. _Fast-and-loose_); PRICK'-THE-LOUSE (_Scot._), a -tailor. [A.S. _pricu_, a point; Ger. _prickeln_, Dut. _prikkel_, a -prickle.] - -PRICKET, prik'et, _n._ (_Shak._) a buck in his second year. - -PRIDE, pr[=i]d, _n._ state or feeling of being proud: too great -self-esteem: haughtiness: overbearing treatment of others: a proper sense -of what is becoming to one's self: a feeling of pleasure on account of -something worthily done: that of which men are proud: that which excites -boasting: elevation, loftiness: beauty displayed, ornament, ostentation: -high spirit, mettle: (_Shak._) lust.--_v.t._ to have or take pride: to -value, as one's self, &c.--_adj._ PRIDE'FUL.--_adv._ PRIDE'FULLY.--_n._ -PRIDE'FULNESS.--_adj._ PRIDE'LESS. [A.S. _pr['y]te_--_pr['u]t_, proud.] - -PRIDIAN, prid'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to yesterday. [L. _pridie_--_prius_, -before, _dies_, day.] - -PRIE-DIEU, pr[=e]-di[=u]', _n._ a praying-desk. [Fr.] - -PRIEF, pr[=e]f, _n._ (_Spens._) proof, trial, experiment. - -PRIER, PRYER, pr[=i]'er, _n._ one who pries. - -PRIEST, pr[=e]st, _n._ one who offers sacrifices or officiates in sacred -offices: a minister above a deacon and below a bishop: a clergyman:--_fem._ -PRIEST'ESS.--_ns._ PRIEST'CRAFT, priestly policy: the schemes of priests to -gain wealth or power; PRIEST'HOOD, the office or character of a priest: the -priestly order.--_adjs._ PRIEST'-LIKE, PRIEST'LY, pertaining to or like a -priest.--_n._ PRIEST'LINESS.--_adj._ PRIEST'-RID'DEN, controlled by -priests.--HIGH PRIEST, a chief priest, esp. the chief ecclesiastical -officer in the ancient Jewish church. [A.S. _pre['o]st_ (O. Fr. _prestre_, -Fr. _pr[^e]tre_)--L. _presbyter_, an elder.] - -PRIEVE, pr[=e]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to prove. - -PRIG, prig, _n._ a pert fellow who gives himself airs of superior -wisdom.--_adj._ PRIG'GISH, conceited and affected.--_adv._ -PRIG'GISHLY.--_ns._ PRIG'GISHNESS, PRIG'GISM. [From _prick_, to adorn.] - -PRIG, prig, _n._ a thief.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to filch.--_v.i._ (_Scot._) to -plead hard, haggle: to cheapen.--_ns._ PRIG'GER; PRIG'GERY.--_adj._ -PRIG'GISH.--_n._ PRIG'GISM. [Prob. the same as _prick_, to spur.] - -PRILL, pril, _n._ (_prov._) a very rich piece of ore. - -PRILL, pril, _v.i._ (_prov._) to grow sour: to become tipsy. - -PRIM, prim, _adj._ exact and precise in manner: affectedly nice.--_v.t._ to -deck with great nicety: to form with affected preciseness:--_pr.p._ -prim'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ primmed.--_adv._ PRIM'LY.--_n._ PRIM'NESS. -[O. Fr. _prim_, fem. _prime_--L. _primus_, _prima_, first.] - -PRIMACY, pr[=i]'ma-si, _n._ state of being first in order of time, rank, -&c.: the office or dignity of a primate or archbishop. - -PRIMA-DONNA, pr[=e]'ma-don'a, _n._ the first or leading female singer in an -opera. [It.,--L. _prima domina_.] - -PRIMA FACIE, pr[=i]'ma f[=a]'shi-[=e], at first view or sight.--PRIMA FACIE -CASE (_law_), a case established by sufficient evidence: a case consisting -of evidence sufficient to go to a jury. [L. _prima_, abl. fem. of _primus_, -first, _facie_, abl. of _facies_, a face.] - -PRIMAGE, pr[=i]m'[=a]j, _n._ an allowance to the captain of a vessel by the -shipper or consignee of goods for care in lading the same (_hat-money_): -amount or percentage of water carried from a boiler in priming. [_Prime_, -first.] - -PRIMARY, pr[=i]'mar-i, _adj._ first: original: chief: primitive: -elementary, preparatory.--_n._ that which is highest in rank or importance: -a planet in relation to its satellite or satellites.--_adv._ -PR[=I]'MARILY.--_ns._ PR[=I]'MARINESS, the state of being first in time, -act, or intention; PR[=I]'MARY-AC'CENT, the accent immediately after a bar -in music.--_ns.pl._ PR[=I]'MARY-COL'OURS, the colours obtained by passing -the sun's rays through a prism: the colours of the rainbow--red, orange, -yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; PR[=I]'MARY-PLAN'ETS, planets -revolving round the sun--not satellites; PR[=I]'MARY-QUILLS, the largest -feathers of a bird's wing; PR[=I]'MARY-ROCKS, the rocks which seem to have -been first formed and contain no animal remains, as granites, &c. - -PRIMATE, pr[=i]'m[=a]t, _n._ the first or highest dignitary in a church: an -archbishop.--_n._ PR[=I]'M[=A]TESHIP.--_adj._ PRIM[=A]'TIAL. - -PRIME, pr[=i]m, _adj._ first in order of time, rank, or importance: chief: -excellent: original: early: in early manhood: (_Shak._) eager, bold: -(_math._) incapable of being separated into factors.--_n._ the beginning: -the dawn: the spring: the best part: the height of perfection: full health -and strength: a religious service during the first hour after sunrise: -(_fencing_) the first guard against sword-thrusts, also the first and -simplest thrust.--_adj._ PR[=I]'MAL, first: original: chief.--_n._ -PRIMAL'ITY.--_adv._ PRIME'LY.--_ns._ PRIME'-MIN'ISTER, the chief minister -of state; PRIME'-MOV'ER, the force which puts a machine in motion: a -steam-engine or a water-wheel; PRIME'NESS; PRIME'-NUM'BER, a first -number--i.e. one divisible only by itself or unity.--PRIME COST (see COST). -[L. _pr[=i]mus_ (for _pro-i-mus_).] - -PRIME, pr[=i]m, _v.t._ to put powder on the nipple of a firearm: to lay on -the first coating of colour: to instruct or prepare beforehand.--_v.i._ to -serve for the charge of a gun: in the steam-engine, to carry over hot water -with the steam from the boiler into the cylinder.--_ns._ PR[=I]'MER; -PR[=I]'MING; PR[=I]'MING-POW'DER, detonating powder: train of powder -connecting a fuse with a charge. [_Prime_ (adj.).] - -PRIMER, prim'[.e]r, or pr[=i]'mer, _n._ a first book: a work of elementary -religious instruction: a first reading-book: an elementary introduction to -any subject: a kind of type of two species, _long_-primer (10 point) and -_great_-primer (18 point). [Orig. a small prayer-book.] - -PRIMERO, pri-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ an old game at cards. [Sp.] - -PRIMEVAL, pr[=i]-m[=e]'val, _adj._ belonging to the first ages: original: -primitive.--_adv._ PRIM[=E]'VALLY. [L. _primaevus_--_primus_, first, -_aevum_, an age.] - -PRIMIGENIAL, pr[=i]-mi-j[=e]'ni-al, _adj._ first-born or made: primary: -constituent--also PRIMOG[=E]'NIAL.--_adjs._ PRIMIG'ENOUS, PRIMIG[=E]'NIOUS, -first formed; PRIMOGEN'ITAL (_obs._), PRIMOGEN'ITARY, PRIMOGEN'ITIVE, of or -belonging to primogeniture.--_ns._ PRIMOGEN'ITOR, the first begetter or -father: a forefather; PRIMOGEN'ITURE, state of being born first of the same -parents: (_law_) the right of the eldest son to inherit his father's -estates; PRIMOGEN'ITURESHIP. [Fr.,--L. _primo-genitus_, -first-born--_primus_, first, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to beget.] - -PRIMITIAE, pri-mish'i-[=e], _n.pl._ first-fruits offered to the gods--also -PRIMI'TIAS (_Spens._): the first year's revenue of a benefice. -[L.,--_primus_, first.] - -PRIMITIVE, prim'i-tiv, _adj._ belonging to the beginning, or to the first -times: original: ancient: antiquated, old-fashioned: not derived: (_biol._) -rudimentary, primary or first of its kind: (_geol._) of the earliest -formation.--_n._ a primitive word, or one not derived from another: -(_math._) a form from which another is derived.--_ns.pl._ -PRIM'ITIVE-COL'OURS, the colours from which all others are supposed to be -derived--viz. red, yellow, and blue; PRIM'ITIVE-FA'THERS, the Christian -writers before the Council of Nice, 325 A.D.--_adv._ PRIM'ITIVELY.--_n.pl._ -PRIM'ITIVE-METH'ODISTS, a religious body founded in 1810, whose beliefs are -the same as those of other Methodists, but whose working arrangements are -nearly Presbyterian.--_n._ PRIM'ITIVENESS.--_n.pl._ PRIM'ITIVE-ROCKS (see -PRIMARY-ROCKS). [Fr.,--L. _primitivus_, an extension of _primus_.] - -PRIMO, pr[=e]'m[=o], _n._ (_mus._) the first or principal part. - -PRIMORDIAL, pr[=i]-mor'di-al, _adj._ first in order: original: existing -from the beginning: (_anat._) in a rudimentary state: (_bot._) first -formed, as leaves or fruit.--_n._ first principle or element.--_ns._ -PRIMOR'DIALISM; PRIMOR'DIUM. [L. _primus_, first, _ordo_, order.] - -PRIMP, primp, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to dress in an affected manner.--_v.i._ to -be affected. [_Prink._] - -PRIMROSE, prim'r[=o]z, _n._ an early spring flower common in woods and -meadows: a plant of the genus _Primula_: (_Spens._) the first or earliest -flower, the first or choicest.--_adj._ resembling a primrose in colour: -flowery, gay.--PRIMROSE LEAGUE, a political association for the spread of -Conservative opinions--formed in 1883 in memory of Lord Beaconsfield, whose -favourite flower is said to have been the _primrose_. [Fr. _prime rose_--as -if L. _prima rosa_; really through O. Fr. _primerole_ and Low L. dim. forms -from L. _primus_.] - -PRIMSIE, prim'si, _adj._ (_Scot._) prim, demure. - -PRIMULA, prim'[=u]-la, _n._ the genus of plants to which the primrose -belongs. [L. _primus_, first.] - -PRIMUM MOBILE, pr[=i]'mum mob'i-l[=e], in the Ptolemaic system the -outermost of the ten revolving spheres of the universe, supposed to carry -the others with it: any great source of motion. [L.] - -PRIMUS, pr[=i]'mus, _n._ the bishop in the Scottish Episcopal Church who -presides over the meetings of the other bishops, but without metropolitan -authority. - -PRIMY, pr[=i]'mi, _adj._ (_Shak._) blooming. - -PRINCE, prins, _n._ one of the highest rank: a sovereign: son of a king or -emperor: a title of nobility, as in Germany: the chief of any body of -men:--_fem._ PRIN'CESS.--_v.i._ to play the prince (usually with -_it_).--_ns._ PRINCE'-BISH'OP, a bishop who was also the civil ruler or -prince of his diocese; PRINCE'-CON'SORT, the husband of a reigning queen; -PRINCE'DOM, the estate, jurisdiction, sovereignty, or rank of a prince; -PRINCE'HOOD, rank or quality of a prince; PRINCE'-IMP[=E]'RIAL, the eldest -son of an emperor; PRINCE'KIN, PRINCE'LET, PRINCE'LING, a little or -inferior prince.--_adj._ PRINCE'-LIKE, becoming a prince.--_n._ -PRINCE'LINESS.--_adj._ PRINCE'LY, prince-like: becoming a prince: grand: -august: regal.--_adv._ in a prince-like manner.--_adv._ PRIN'CESSLY, like a -princess.--_n._ PRIN'CESS-ROY'AL, the eldest daughter of a -sovereign.--_adj._ PRIN'CIFIED, ridiculously dignified.--_n._ -MER'CHANT-PRINCE, a merchant who has gained great wealth.--PRINCE OF -DARKNESS, PRINCE OF THIS WORLD, Satan; PRINCE OF PEACE, Christ: the -Messiah; PRINCE OF WALES, the eldest son of the British sovereign; PRINCE -RUPERT'S DROPS (see DROP); PRINCE'S FEATHER, a tall showy annual with -spikes of rose-coloured flowers; PRINCE'S METAL, a gold-like alloy of 70 -parts of copper and 25 of zinc. [Fr.,--L. _princeps_--_primus_, first, -_cap[)e]re_, to take.] - -PRINCEPS, prin'seps, _n._ one who, or that which, is foremost, original, -&c.: short for _editio princeps_, the first edition of a book. [L.] - -PRINCESSE, prin-ses', _adj._ of a woman's garment, close-fitting, the skirt -and waist in one, and undraped. [Fr.] - -PRINCIPAL, prin'si-pal, _adj._ taking the first place: highest in rank, -character, or importance: chief.--_n._ a principal person or thing: a head, -as of a school or college: one who takes a leading part: money on which -interest is paid: (_archit._) a main beam or timber: (_law_) the person who -commits a crime, or one who aids and abets him in doing it: a person for -whom another becomes surety, a person who, being _sui juris_, employs -another to do an act which he is competent himself to do: (_mus._) an -organ-stop: (_Shak._) the principal rafter.--_n._ PRINCIPAL'ITY, supreme -power: the territory of a prince or the country which gives title to him: -(_B._) a prince: (_obs._) a power: (_pl._) an order of angels, the seventh -in the hierarchy of Dionysius.--_adv._ PRIN'CIPALLY.--_ns._ PRIN'CIPALNESS, -the state of being principal or chief; PRIN'CIPALSHIP, position of a -principal; PRIN'CIPATE, primary: a principality, esp. the office of the -ancient Roman emperors. [L. _principalis_.] - -PRINCIPIA, prin-sip'i-a, _n.pl._ first principles: elements, used often as -the contracted title of the 'Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica' -of Newton.--_adj._ PRINCIP'IAL, elementary. [L., pl. of _principium_.] - -PRINCIPLE, prin'si-pl, _n._ a fundamental truth on which others are founded -or from which they spring: a law or doctrine from which others are derived: -an original faculty of the mind: a settled rule of action: (_chem._) a -constituent part: (_obs._) a beginning.--_v.t._ to establish in principles: -to impress with a doctrine.--_adj._ PRIN'CIPLED, holding certain -principles.--PRINCIPLE OF CONTRADICTION, the logical principle that a thing -cannot both be and not be; PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUDED MIDDLE (_logic_), the -principle that a thing must be either one thing or its contradictory; -PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON (see REASON).--FIRST PRINCIPLE, a very -general principle not deducible from others. [L. _principium_, -beginning--_princeps_.] - -PRINCOCK, prin'kok, _n._ (_Shak._) a conceited fellow: a coxcomb.--Also -PRIN'COX. - -PRINK, pringk, _v.t._ to adorn ostentatiously.--_n._ PRINK'ER. [Weakened -from _prank_.] - -PRINT, print, _v.t._ to press or impress: to mark by pressure: to impress -letters on paper, &c.: to publish: (_phot._) to produce a positive picture -from a negative.--_v.i._ to practise the art of printing: to publish a -book.--_n._ a mark or character made by impression: the impression of types -in general: a copy: a printed picture: an engraving: a newspaper: a printed -cloth: calico stamped with figures: that which impresses its form on -anything: a cut, in wood or metal: (_archit._) a plaster-cast in low -relief.--_ns._ PRINT'ER, one who prints, esp. books, newspapers, &c.; -PRINT'ING, act, art, or practice of printing; PRINT'ING-INK, ink used in -printing; PRINT'ING-MACHINE', a printing-press worked by machinery; -PRINT'ING-OFF'ICE, an establishment where books, &c., are printed; -PRINT'ING-P[=A]'PER, a paper suitable for printing purposes; -PRINT'ING-PRESS, a machine by which impressions are taken in ink upon paper -from types.--_adj._ PRINT'LESS, receiving or leaving no impression.--_ns._ -PRINT'-SELL'ER, one who sells prints or engravings; PRINT'-SHOP, a shop -where prints are sold; PRINT'-WORKS, an establishment where cloth is -printed.--PRINTER'S DEVIL (see DEVIL); PRINTER'S INK (same as -PRINTING-INK); PRINTER'S MARK, an engraved device used by printers as a -trade-mark.--IN PRINT, published in printed form: in stock, as opposed to -books which cannot now be got--_Out of print_. [Shortened from O. Fr. -_empreindre_, _empreint_--L. _imprim[)e]re_--_in_, into, _prem[)e]re_, to -press.] - -PRIOR, pr[=i]'or, _adj._ former: previous: coming before in time.--_n._ the -head of a priory: (in Italy) formerly a chief magistrate:--_fem._ -PR[=I]'ORESS.--_ns._ PR[=I]'OR[=A]TE, PR[=I]'ORSHIP, the government or -office of a prior: the time during which a prior is in office; PRIOR'ITY, -state of being prior or first in time, place, or rank: preference; -PR[=I]'ORY, a convent of either sex, under a prior or prioress, and next in -rank below an abbey. [L. _prior_, former, comp. from _pro-_, in front.] - -PRISAGE, pr[=i]'z[=a]j, _n._ formerly a right of the English kings to seize -for crown purposes, esp. that of taking two tuns of wine from every ship -importing twenty tuns or more. [O. Fr.,--_prise_, taking.] - -PRISE, pr[=i]z, _n._ (_Spens._) an enterprise or adventure. - -PRISER, pr[=i]z'[.e]r, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as PRIZER. - -PRISM, prizm, _n._ (_geom._) a solid whose ends are similar, equal, and -parallel planes, and whose sides are parallelograms: (_opt._) a solid -glass, triangular-shaped body, used for resolving rays of light into their -separate colours.--_adjs._ PRISMAT'IC, -AL, resembling or pertaining to a -prism: separated or formed by a prism.--_adv._ PRISMAT'ICALLY.--_ns._ -PRIS'MATOID, PRIS'MOID, a figure in the form of a prism.--_adjs_. -PRIS'MATOIDAL, PRIS'MOIDAL; PRIS'MY, prismatic in colour. [L.,--Gr. -_prisma_, _-atos_.] - -PRISON, priz'n, _n._ a building for the confinement of criminals, &c.: a -jail: any place of confinement.--_v.t._ to shut in prison, -restrain.--_n.pl._ PRIS'ON-BARS, whatever confines or restrains.--_ns._ -PRIS'ONER, one arrested or confined in prison: a captive; PRIS'ONER'S-, -PRIS'ON-BASE, a game among boys, in which those who are caught in a certain -way are confined as prisoners--a corr. of _prison-bars_; PRIS'ON-F[=E]'VER, -typhus-fever; PRIS'ON-HOUSE, place of confinement; PRIS'ONMENT (_Shak._), -confinement in a prison--usually _imprisonment_; PRIS'ON-SHIP; PRIS'ON-VAN, -a closed conveyance for carrying prisoners.--STATE PRISONER, one confined -for a political offence in a state prison. [Fr.,--L. _prensio_, _-oni_s, -for _prehensio_, a seizing--_prehend[)e]re_, _-hensum_, to seize.] - -PRISTINE, pris'tin, _adj._ as at first: former: belonging to the earliest -time: ancient. [O. Fr.,--L. _pristinus_; cf. _priscus_, antique, _prior_, -former.] - -PRITHEE, pri_th_'[=e], a corruption of _I pray thee_. - -PRITTLE-PRATTLE, prit'l-prat'l, _n._ empty talk. - -PRIVACY, pr[=i]'va-si, or priv'-, _n._ state of being private or retired -from company or observation: a place of seclusion: retreat: retirement: -secrecy. - -PRIVAT DOCENT, pr[=e]-vat' d[=o]-tsent', _n._ a teacher in connection with -a German university, without share in its government or endowment, only -receiving fees. [Ger.,--L. _privatus_, private, _docens_, _-entis_, -teaching, _doc[=e]re_, to teach.] - -PRIVATE, pr[=i]'v[=a]t, _adj._ apart from the state: not invested with -public office: peculiar to one's self: belonging to an individual person or -company: not public: retired from observation: secret: not publicly known: -not holding a commission.--_n._ a common soldier: (_Shak._) a person -without public office, a secret message, privacy, retirement.--_adv._ -PR[=I]'VATELY.--_n._ PR[=I]'VATENESS.--PRIVATE ACT, &c., an act, &c., which -deals with the concerns of private persons--opp. to _General act_, &c.; -PRIVATE JUDGMENT, the judgment of an individual, esp. on the meaning of a -passage or doctrine of Scripture, as distinguished from the interpretation -of the church; PRIVATE LAW, that part of law which deals with the rights -and duties of persons qu[^a] individuals; PRIVATE LEGISLATION, legislation -affecting the interests of private persons; PRIVATE PARTS, the sexual -organs; PRIVATE PROPERTY, RIGHTS, the property, rights of individual -persons, as distinguished from that which belongs to a public body and is -devoted to public use; PRIVATE TRUST, a trust managed in the interest of -private parties; PRIVATE WRONG, an injury done to an individual in his -private capacity.--IN PRIVATE, privately, in secret; _The private_ -(_obs._), the private life of individuals. [L. _privatus_, pa.p. of -_priv[=a]re_, to separate--_privus_, single.] - -PRIVATEER, pr[=i]-va-t[=e]r', _n._ an armed private vessel commissioned by -a government to seize and plunder an enemy's ships: the commander of a -privateer.--_v.i._ to cruise in a privateer: to fit out privateers.--_ns._ -PRIVATEER'ING; PRIVATEER'SMAN. - -PRIVATION, pr[=i]-v[=a]'shun, _n._ state of being deprived of something, -esp. of what is necessary for comfort: destitution: (_logic_) absence of -any quality: (_obs._) degradation or suspension from an office.--_adj._ -PRIV'ATIVE, causing privation: consisting in the absence of -something.--_n._ that which is privative or depends on the absence of -something else: (_logic_) a term denoting the absence of a quality: -(_gram._) a prefix denoting absence or negation.--_adv._ -PRIV'ATIVELY.--_n._ PRIV'ATIVENESS. [L.; cf. _Private_.] - -PRIVET, priv'et, _n._ a half-evergreen European shrub used for hedges. -[Perh. _primet_--_prim_.] - -PRIVILEGE, priv'i-lej, _n._ an advantage to an individual: a right enjoyed -only by a few: freedom from burdens borne by others: prerogative: a sacred -and vital civil right: (_Shak._) superiority.--_v.t._ to grant a privilege -to: to exempt: to authorise, license.--_adj._ PRIV'ILEGED.--BREACH OF -PRIVILEGE, any interference with or slight done to the rights or privileges -of a legislative body; QUESTION OF PRIVILEGE, any question arising out of -the rights of an assembly or of its members; WRIT OF PRIVILEGE, an order -for the release of a person from custody. [Fr.,--L. -_privilegium_--_privus_, single, _lex_, _legis_, a law.] - -PRIVY, priv'i, _adj._ private: pertaining to one person: for private uses: -secret: appropriated to retirement: admitted to the knowledge of something -secret.--_n._ (_law_) a person having an interest in an action: a necessary -house.--_adv._ PRIV'ILY, privately: secretly.--_ns._ PRIV'ITY, secrecy: -something kept private: knowledge, shared with another, of something -private or confidential: knowledge implying concurrence: relation between -different interests, as, for example, in feudal tenure the interests of -several persons in the same land, the mutual relationships of contractor -and contractee, the relation caused by common knowledge in breaches of -contract: (_obs._) seclusion, intimacy; PRIV'Y-CHAM'BER, private apartment -in a royal residence; PRIV'Y-COUN'CIL, the private council of a sovereign -to advise in the administration of government; PRIV'Y-COUN'CILLOR, a member -of the privy-council; PRIV'Y-PURSE, the purse or money for the private or -personal use of the sovereign; PRIV'Y-SEAL, -SIG'NET, the seal used by or -for the king in subordinate matters, or those which are not to pass the -great seal; PRIV'Y-VER'DICT, a verdict given to a judge out of -court.--GENTLEMEN USHERS OF THE PRIVY-CHAMBER, four officials in the royal -household who attend certain court ceremonies. [Fr. _priv['e]_--L. -_privatus_, private.] - -PRIZE, PRISE, pr[=i]z, _v.t._ to force open by means of a lever. [Fr.; cf. -_Prize_, below.] - -PRIZE, pr[=i]z, _n._ that which is taken or gained by competition: anything -taken from an enemy in war: (_hunting_) the note of the trumpet blown at -the capture of the game: a captured vessel: that which is won in a lottery: -anything offered for competition: a gain: a reward: (_Shak._) a -competition.--_adj._ worthy of a prize: to which a prize is given.--_adjs._ -PRIZ'ABLE, -EABLE, valuable.--_ns._ PRIZE'-COURT, a court for judging -regarding prizes made on the high seas; PRIZE'-FIGHT, a combat in which -those engaged fight for a prize or wager; PRIZE'-FIGHT'ER, a boxer who -fights publicly for a prize; PRIZE'-FIGHT'ING; PRIZE'-LIST, recorded of the -winners in a competition; PRIZE'MAN; PRIZE'-MON'EY, share of the money or -proceeds from any prizes taken from an enemy; PRIZ'ER (_Shak._), one who -competes for a prize; PRIZE'-RING, a ring for prize-fighting: the practice -itself. [Fr. _prise_--_pris_, taken, pa.p. _prendre_--L. _prehend[)e]re_, -to seize.] - -PRIZE, pr[=i]z, _v.t._ to set a price on: to value: to value highly.--_n._ -valuation, estimate.--_n._ PRIZ'ER (_Shak._), an appraiser. [Fr. -_priser_--O. Fr. _pris_, price (Fr. _prix_)--L. _pretium_, price.] - -PRO, pr[=o], Latin prep. meaning before, used in English in many -phrases.--PRO AND CON, abbrev. of _pro et contra_, for and against.--_v.i._ -to consider impartially.--_n.pl._ PROS AND CONS, arguments for and against -an opinion.--PRO BONO PUBLICO, for the public good. - -PROA, pr[=o]'a, _n._ a small and swift Malay sailing-vessel, with both ends -equally sharp. [Malay _prau_.] - -PROBABLE, prob'a-bl, _adj._ that can be proved: having more evidence for -than against: giving ground for belief: likely: (_Shak._) plausible.--_n._ -probable opinion.--_ns._ PROBABIL'IORIST; PROB'ABILISM (_R.C. theol._), the -doctrine in casuistry that of two probable opinions, both reasonable, one -may follow his own inclination, as a doubtful law cannot impose a certain -obligation--opp. to PROBABIL'IORISM, according to which it is lawful to -follow one's inclination only when there is a more probable opinion in its -favour; PROB'ABILIST; PROBABIL'ITY, quality of being probable: appearance -of truth: that which is probable: chance or likelihood of something -happening:--_pl._ PROBABIL'ITIES.--_adv._ PROB'ABLY.--_adj._ PR[=O]'BAL -(_Shak._), probable.--PROBABLE CAUSE, a reasonable ground that an -accusation is true; PROBABLE ERROR, a quantity assumed as the value of an -error, such that the chances of the real error being greater are equal to -those of it being less than this quantity; PROBABLE EVIDENCE, evidence not -conclusive, but admitting of some degree of force. [Fr.,--L. -_probabilis_--_prob[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to prove.] - -PROBANG, pr[=o]'bang, _n._ an instrument for pushing obstructions down the -oesophagus of a choking animal. - -PROBATE, pr[=o]'b[=a]t, _n._ the proof before a competent court that a -written paper purporting to be the will of a person who has died is indeed -his lawful act: the official copy of a will, with the certificate of its -having been proved: the right or jurisdiction of proving wills.--_adj._ -relating to the establishment of wills and testaments.--PROBATE COURT, a -court created in 1858 to exercise jurisdiction in matters touching the -succession to personal estate; PROBATE DUTY, a tax on property passing by -will. [Cf. _Probable._] - -PROBATION, pr[=o]-b[=a]'shun, _n._ act of proving: any proceeding to elicit -truth, &c.: trial: time of trial: moral trial: noviciate.--_adjs._ -PROB[=A]'TIONAL, PROB[=A]'TIONARY, relating to probation or trial.--_n._ -PROB[=A]'TIONER, one who is on probation or trial: (_Scot._) one licensed -to preach, but not ordained to a pastorate.--_adjs._ PR[=O]'BATIVE, -PR[=O]'BATORY, serving for proof or trial: relating to proof.--_n._ -PROB[=A]'TOR, an examiner.--THE DOCTRINE OF FUTURE PROBATION, the doctrine -that the gospel will be preached in another life to the unregenerate dead -or to those who never heard it in life. [Fr.,--L.] - -PROBATUM EST, pr[=o]-b[=a]'tum est, it has been proved. [L., 3d sing. perf. -indic. pass. of _prob[=a]re_, to prove.] - -PROBE, pr[=o]b, _n._ a proof or trial: a long, thin instrument for -examining a wound, &c.: that which tries or probes.--_v.t._ to examine with -or as with a probe: to examine thoroughly.--_n.pl._ PROBE'-SCISS'ORS, -scissors used to open wounds, the blade having a button at the end. [L. -_prob[=a]re_, to prove.] - -PROBITY, prob'i-ti, _n._ uprightness: honesty: virtue that has been tested. -[Fr.,--L. _probitas_, _probus_, good.] - -PROBLEM, prob'lem, _n._ a matter difficult of settlement or solution: -(_geom._) a proposition in which something is required to be done.--_adjs._ -PROBLEMAT'IC, -AL, of the nature of a problem: questionable: -doubtful.--_adv._ PROBLEMAT'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PROB'LEMATISE. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. -_probl[=e]ma_--_pro_, before, _ballein_, to throw.] - -PROBOSCIS, pr[=o]-bos'is, _n._ the trunk of some animals, as the elephant, -for conveying food to the mouth: anything like a trunk:--_pl._ -PROBOS'CIDES.--_adjs._ PROBOS'CID[=A]TE; PROBOSCID'EAN, having a -proboscis.--_n._ a mammal of the _Proboscidea_.--_n._ PROBOS'CIS-MONK'EY, a -monkey of Borneo, having a long mobile and retractile nose. [L.,--Gr. -_proboskis_, a trunk--_pro_, in front, _boskein_, to feed.] - -PROCACITY, pr[=o]-kas'i-ti, _n._ petulance.--_adj._ PROC[=A]'CIOUS. - -PROCATHEDRAL, pr[=o]-ka-th[=e]'dral, _n._ a church used temporarily as a -cathedral. - -PROCEED, pr[=o]-s[=e]d', _v.i._ to go forward: to advance: to act according -to a method: to go from point to point: to issue: to be produced: to -prosecute: to take an academic degree: (_Shak._) to be transacted, -done.--_ns._ PROC[=E]'DURE, the act of proceeding or moving forward: a step -taken or an act performed: progress: process: conduct; PROCEED'ER, one who -goes forward or makes progress; PROCEED'ING, a going forward: progress: -step: operation: transaction: (_pl._) a record of the transactions of a -society: (_Shak._) advancement.--_n.pl._ PRO'CEEDS, the money arising from -anything: rent: produce.--SPECIAL PROCEEDING, a judicial proceeding other -than an action, as, for example, a writ of mandamus; SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS, -certain statutory remedies taken without the formal bringing of an action -by process and pleading. [Fr. _proc['e]der_--L. _proced[)e]re_--_pro_, -before, _ced[)e]re_, _cessum_, to go.] - -PROCELEUSMATIC, pros-e-l[=u]s-mat'ik, _adj._ inciting, encouraging.--_n._ -in ancient prosody, a foot consisting of four short syllables. -[Gr.,--_prokeleuein_, to incite before--_pro_, before, _keleuein_, to -order.] - -PROCELLARIA, pros-e-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a Linnaean genus of petrels. - -PROCEPHALIC, pr[=o]-se-fal'ik, or pr[=o]-sef'a-lik, _adj._ of or pertaining -to the forepart of the head.--PROCEPHALIC LOBES, two lobes in the embryo of -the Podophthalmia which develop into the anterior parts of the head. [Gr. -_pro_, before, _kephal[=e]_, head.] - -PROCEREBRUM, pr[=o]-ser'[=e]-brum, _n._ the fore-brain, consisting of the -cerebral hemispheres, corpora striata, and olfactory lobes.--_adj._ -PROCER'EBRAL. [L. _pro_, before, _cerebrum_, brain.] - -PROCERITE, pros'e-r[=i]t, _n._ the last segment of the antennae in the -Crustacea. [Gr. _pro_, before, _keras_, a horn.] - -PROCERITY, pr[=o]-ser'i-ti, _n._ tallness, loftiness.--_adj._ -PROC[=E]'ROUS, tall. [L.,--_proc[=e]rus_, tall.] - -PROC[`E]S, pr[=o]-s[=a]', _n._ a law-suit: a trial.--PROC[`E]S VERBAL, a -written account of facts in connection with a trial or other proceeding. -[Fr.] - -PROCESS, pros'es, or pr[=o]-, _n._ a gradual progress: manner of acting or -happening: operation: the whole proceedings in an action or prosecution: -series of measures: a projection on a bone or plant (also PROCES'SUS): the -same as photo-process, the reproduction as a drawing, &c., by any -mechanical (esp. photographic) process: (_Shak._) a narrative, -account.--_v.t._ to proceed against by legal process: to produce a -reproduction of a drawing as above.--_n._ PROC'ESS-SERV'ER (_Shak._), a -bailiff. [Fr. _proc[`e]s_--L. _processus._] - -PROCESSION, pr[=o]-sesh'un, _n._ the act of proceeding: a train of persons -in a formal march.--_adj._ PROCES'SIONAL, pertaining to a procession: -consisting in a procession.--_n._ a book of the processions of the Romish -Church: a hymn sung during a procession, esp. of clergy in a church.--_n._ -PROCES'SIONALIST.--_adj._ PROCES'SIONARY.--_ns._ PROCES'SIONER (_U.S._), a -county officer in Tennessee and North Carolina whose duty it is to survey -lands; PROCES'SIONING (_U.S._), periodical survey and inspection of -boundaries.--PROCESSION OF THE HOLY GHOST (_theol._), the emanation of the -Holy Spirit from the Father (_single procession_), or from the Father and -Son (_double procession_). [Fr.,--L.] - -PROCHEIN, pr[=o]'shen, _adj._ next, nearest.--PROCHEIN AMI, AMY, next -friend, one who undertakes to assist a minor in prosecuting his or her -rights. [Fr.,--L. _proximus_, nearest.] - -PROCHRONISM, pr[=o]'kron-izm, _n._ a dating of an event before the right -time: a making earlier than it really was--opp. to _Parachronism_. [Gr. -_pro_, before, _chronos_, time.] - -PROCIDENCE, pros'i-dens, _n._ a falling down, a prolapsus.--_adjs._ -PROC'IDENT; PROCID'UOUS, falling from its proper place. - -PROCINCT, pr[=o]-singkt', _n._ (_Milt._) complete preparation. [L., _pro_, -before, _cing[)e]re_, _cinctum_, to gird.] - -PROCLAIM, pr[=o]-kl[=a]m', _v.t._ to cry aloud: to publish abroad: to -announce officially.--_ns._ PROCLAIM'; PROCLAIM'ANT; PROCLAIM'ER; -PROCLAM[=A]'TION, the act of proclaiming: official notice given to the -public.--PROCLAIMED DISTRICT, a district in which some unusually strict law -is brought into force by a form of proclamation. [Fr. _proclamer_--L. -_proclam[=a]re_--_pro_, out, _clam[=a]re_, to cry.] - -PROCLITIC, pr[=o]-klit'ik, _adj._ dependent in accent upon the following -word.--_n._ a monosyllabic word which depends so much on the following word -as to lose its accent. [Gr. _pro_, forward, _klinein_, lean.] - -PROCLIVITY, pr[=o]-kliv'i-ti, _n._ an inclining forward: tendency: -inclination: aptitude.--_adjs._ PROCLIVE', inclining to a thing: having a -natural tendency: prone; PROCL[=I]'VOUS, slanting forward and downward. [L. -_proclivitas_--_proclivus_, having a slope forward--_pro_, forward, -_clivus_, a slope.] - -PROCOELIAN, pr[=o]-s[=e]'li-an, _adj._ hollowed or cupped in front.--Also -PROCOE'LOUS. [Gr. _pro_, before, _koilos_, hollow.] - -PROCONSUL, pr[=o]-kon'sul, _n._ a Roman official having the authority of a -consul without his office: the governor of a province.--_adj._ -PROCON'SULAR, pertaining to, or under the government of, a -proconsul.--_ns._ PROCON'SULATE, PROCON'SULSHIP, the office, or term of -office, of a proconsul. - -PROCRASTINATE, pr[=o]-kras'ti-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to put off till some future -time: to postpone.--_v.i._ to delay.--_n._ PROCRASTIN[=A]'TION, a putting -off till a future time: dilatoriness.--_adjs._ PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TIVE, -PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TORY.--_n._ PROCRAS'TIN[=A]TOR. [L.--_pro_, off, -_crastinus_--_cras_, to-morrow.] - -PROCREATE, pr[=o]'kr[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to bring into being: to generate: to -propagate: to produce.--_n._ PR[=O]'CREANT, one who, or that which, -procreates or generates.--_adj._ procreating, connected with or related to -reproduction.--_n._ PROCRE[=A]'TION, the act of procreating: generation: -production.--_adj._ PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TIVE, having the power to procreate: -generative: productive.--_ns._ PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TIVENESS; PR[=O]'CRE[=A]TOR, -one who procreates: a father. [L. _procre[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_, forth, -_cre[=a]re_, to produce.] - -PROCRUSTEAN, pr[=o]-krus't[=e]-an, _adj._ violently making conformable to a -standard--from _Procrustes_, a Greek robber, who stretched or cut a piece -off the legs of his captives, so as to fit them to an iron bed. - -PROCTALGIA, prok-tal'ji-a, _n._ pain of the anus or rectum.--_n._ -PROCT[=I]'TIS, inflammation thereof. [Gr. _proktos_, the anus, _algos_, -pain.] - -PROCTOR, prok'tor, _n._ a procurator or manager for another: an attorney in -the spiritual courts: a representative of the clergy in Convocation: an -official in the English universities who attends to the morals of the -students and enforces university regulations.--_ns._ PROC'TORAGE, -PROC'TORSHIP.--_adj._ PROCT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a proctor: -magisterial.--_v.t._ PROC'TORISE (_slang_), in the English universities, to -summon before a proctor. [_Procurator_.] - -PROCTUCHA, prok-t[=u]'ka, _n.pl._ a group of the Turbellaria in which the -digestive canal is furnished with an anal aperture.--_adj._ -PROCT[=U]'CHOUS. [Gr. _pr[=o]ktos_, the anus, _echein_, to have.] - -PROCUMBENT, pr[=o]-kum'bent, _adj_. leaning forward: lying down or on the -face: (_bot_.) trailing: without putting out roots, as a stem. [L. _pro_, -forward, _cumb[)e]re_, to lie down.] - -PROCURE, pr[=o]-k[=u]r', _v.t._ to obtain for one's self or for another: to -bring about: to attract: (_Spens._) to urge earnestly.--_v.i._ to pander, -pimp.--_adj._ PROCUR'ABLE, that may be procured.--_ns._ PRO'CUR[=A]CY, -office of a procurator; PROCUR[=A]'TION, the act of managing another's -affairs: the instrument giving power to do this: a sum paid by incumbents -to the bishop or archdeacon on visitations; PROC'UR[=A]TOR, one who takes -care of a thing for another: a lawyer: a financial agent in an imperial -province under the Roman emperors; PROC'URATOR-FIS'CAL (see -FISCAL).--_adj._ PROCURAT[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ PROC'URATORSHIP.--_adj_. -PROC'UR[=A]TORY.--_ns._ PROCURE'MENT, the act of procuring: a bringing -about: management: agency; PROCUR'ER, one who procures: a pander:--_fem._ -PROC'URESS. [Fr. _procurer_--L. _procur[=a]re_, to manage--_pro_, for, -_cur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to care for.] - -PROCUREUR, pr[=o]-k[:u]-rer', _n._ a procurator.--PROCUREUR G['E]N['E]RAL -(_French law_), the public prosecutor-in-chief. - -PROCYONIDAE, pr[=o]-si-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ an American family of -plantigrade carnivorous mammals, including raccoons and coatis. [Gr. _pro_, -before, _ky[=o]n_, a dog.] - -PROD, prod, _n._ a goad, awl: a prick or punch with a pointed -instrument.--_v.t._ to prick. [Perh. _brod._] - -PRODIGAL, prod'i-gal, _adj._ spending without necessity: wasteful: lavish: -profuse.--_n._ one who throws away without necessity: a waster: a -spendthrift.--_v.t._ PROD'IGALISE, PROD'IG[=A]TE, to spend lavishly, -waste.--_n._ PRODIGAL'ITY, state or quality of being prodigal: -extravagance: profusion: great liberality.--_adv._ PROD'IGALLY, wastefully. -[Fr.,--L. _prodigus_--_prodig[)e]re_, to squander--_pro_, forth, -_ag[)e]re_, to drive.] - -PRODIGY, prod'i-ji, _n._ a portent: any person or thing that causes great -wonder: a wonder: a monster.--_adj._ PRODIG'IOUS, like a prodigy: -astonishing: more than usually large in size or degree: monstrous.--_adv._ -PRODIG'IOUSLY.--_n._ PRODIG'IOUSNESS. [Fr. _prodige_--L. _prodigium_, a -prophetic sign--_pro_, before, _dic[)e]re_, to say.] - -PRODITOR, prod'i-tor, _n._ a traitor. [L.,--_prod[)e]re_, _-itum_, to -betray--_pro_, forth, _d[)a]re_, to give.] - -PRODROMUS, prod'r[=o]-mus, _n._ a sign of approaching disease: a -preliminary course or treatise:--_pl._ PROD'ROMI (-[=i]).--_adj._ -PRODROM'IC. [Gr.] - -PRODUCE, pr[=o]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to bring forward: to make longer: to bring -forth: to bear: to exhibit: to yield: to bring about: to cause: (_geom._) -to extend.--_v.i._ to yield: to create value.--_ns._ PROD'UCE, that which -is produced: product: proceeds: crops: yield; PROD'UCE-BROK'ER, a dealer in -natural products, esp. foreign or colonial; PRODUC'ER; -PRODUCIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ PRODUC'IBLE, that may be produced: that may be -generated or made: that may be exhibited.--_n._ PRODUC'IBLENESS.--_adj._ -PRODUC'TILE, capable of being drawn out in length. [L. _produc[)e]re_, -_-ductum_--_pro_, forward, _duc[)e]re_, to lead.] - -PRODUCT, prod'ukt, _n._ that which grows or is produced: work: composition: -effect: (_arith._) the result of numbers multiplied together: (_Milt._) -offspring.--_v.t._ PRODUCT' (_rare_), to produce.--_ns._ PRODUCTIBIL'ITY, -capability of being produced; PRODUC'TION, act of producing: that which is -produced: fruit: product: (_pol. econ._) creation of values: (_zool._) -extension, protrusion: (_pl._) in Scots law, written documents produced in -support of the action or defence.--_adj._ PRODUC'TIVE, having the power to -produce: generative: fertile: efficient.--_adv._ PRODUC'TIVELY.--_ns._ -PRODUC'TIVENESS, PRODUCTIV'ITY. - -PROEM, pr[=o]'em, _n._ an introduction: a prelude: a preface.--_adj._ -PRO[=E]'MIAL. [Fr. _pro[`e]me_--L. _prooemium_--Gr. _prooimion_--_pro_, -before, _oimos_, a way.] - -PROEMBRYO, pr[=o]-em'bri-[=o], _n._ a cellular structure produced from the -spore of some plants, from which the embryo arises. - -PROEMPTOSIS, pr[=o]-emp-t[=o]'sis, _n._ the addition of a day to a calendar -or cycle, to correct error. [Gr.] - -PROFACE, pr[=o]'fas, _interj._ (_Shak._) may it profit you!--a phrase of -welcome. [O. Fr.,--_prou_, profit, _face_, _fasse_, 3d pers. sing. pres. -subj. of _faire_, to do.] - -PROFANE, pr[=o]-f[=a]n', _adj._ not sacred: common: secular: speaking or -acting in contempt of sacred things: uninitiated: impious: impure.--_v.t._ -to violate anything holy: to abuse anything sacred: to put to a wrong use: -to pollute: to debase.--_n._ PROFAN[=A]'TION, desecration: irreverence to -what is holy: a treating of anything with disrespect.--_adj._ -PROFAN'ATORY.--_adv._ PROFANE'LY.--_ns._ PROFANE'NESS; PROF[=A]N'ER; -PROFAN'ITY, irreverence: that which is profane: profane language or -conduct. [Fr.,--L. _profanus_--_pro_, before, _fanum_, a temple.] - -PROFECTITIOUS, pr[=o]-fek-tish'us, _adj._ derived from an ancestor or -ancestors. [Low L.,--L. _proficisci_, _profectus_, to proceed.] - -PROFESS, pr[=o]-fes', _v.t._ to own freely: to make open declaration of: to -declare in strong terms: to announce publicly one's skill in: to affirm -one's belief in: (_Spens._) to present the appearance of: (_R.C._) to -receive into a religious order by profession.--_v.i._ to enter publicly -into a religious state: (_Shak._) to pretend friendship.--_adj._ -PROFESSED', openly declared: avowed: acknowledged.--_adv._ -PROFESS'EDLY.--_n._ PROFES'SION, the act of professing: open declaration: -pretence: an employment not mechanical and requiring some degree of -learning: calling or known employment: the collective body of persons -engaged in any profession: entrance into a religious order.--_adj._ -PROFES'SIONAL, pertaining to a profession: engaged in a profession: -undertaken as a means of subsistence, as opposed to _Amateur._--_n._ one -who makes his living by an art, as opposed to an amateur who practises it -merely for pastime.--_n._ PROFES'SIONALISM.--_adv._ PROFES'SIONALLY.--_ns._ -PROFESS'OR, one who professes: one who openly declares belief in certain -doctrines: one who publicly practises or teaches any branch of knowledge: a -public and authorised teacher in a university:--_fem._ PROFESS'ORESS; -PROFESS'ORATE, PROFESS[=O]'RI[=A]TE, the office of a professor or public -teacher: his period of office: body of professors.--_adj._ -PROFESS[=O]'RIAL.--_adv._ PROFESS[=O]'RIALLY.--_n._ PROFESS'ORSHIP. [Fr. -_prof[`e]s_, professed, said of a member of a religious order--L. -_professus_, perf. p. of _profit[=e]ri_--_pro_, publicly, _fat[=e]ri_, to -confess.] - -PROFFER, prof'[.e]r, _v.t._ to bring forward: to propose: to offer for -acceptance.--_n._ an offer made: a proposal.--_n._ PROFF'ERER. [Fr. -_prof['e]rer_--L. _proferre_--_pro_, forward, _ferre_, to bring.] - -PROFICIENCE, pr[=o]-fish'ens, _n._ state of being proficient: improvement -in anything: advancement--also PROFI'CIENCY.--_adj._ PROFI'CIENT, -competent: well skilled: thoroughly qualified.--_n._ one who has made -considerable advancement in anything: an adept: an expert.--_adv._ -PROFI'CIENTLY. [L. _proficiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _profic[)e]re_, to make -progress--_pro_, forward, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PROFILE, pr[=o]'f[=i]l, _n._ an outline: a head or portrait in a side-view: -the side-face: the outline of any object without foreshortening: a vertical -section of country to show the elevations and depressions.--_v.t._ to draw -in profile: to make an outline of: (_mech._) to give a definite form by -chiselling, milling, &c.--_ns._ PR[=O]'FILIST, one who takes or makes -profiles; PROFIL'OGRAPH, an instrument for automatically recording the -profile of the ground it traverses. [It. _profilo_ (Fr. _profil_)--L. -_pro_, before, _filum_, a thread.] - -PROFIT, prof'it, _n._ gain: the gain resulting from the employment of -capital: the difference between the selling price and the first cost: -advantage: addition to good or value: benefit: improvement.--_v.t._ to -benefit or to be of advantage to: to improve.--_v.i._ to gain advantage: to -receive profit: to improve: to be of advantage: to bring good.--_adj._ -PROF'ITABLE, yielding or bringing profit or gain: lucrative: productive: -advantageous: beneficial.--_n._ PROF'ITABLENESS.--_adv._ -PROF'ITABLY.--_ns._ PROF'ITER; PROF'ITING, profit, gain, or advantage: -(_B._) progress or proficiency.--_adj._ PROF'ITLESS, without profit, gain, -or advantage.--_adv._ PROF'ITLESSLY.--_n._ PROF'IT-SHAR'ING, a voluntary -agreement under which the employee receives a share, fixed beforehand, in -the profits of a business.--PROFIT AND LOSS, gain or loss arising from -buying and selling, &c.--NET PROFITS, clear gain after deduction of all -outlay and expenses; RATE OF PROFIT, the amount of profit compared with the -capital used in its production. [Fr.,--L. _profectus_, -progress--_profic[)e]re_, _profectum_, to make progress.] - -PROFLIGATE, prof'li-g[=a]t, _adj._ abandoned to vice: without virtue or -decency: dissolute: prodigal: (_obs._) overthrown, defeated.--_n._ one -leading a profligate life: one shamelessly vicious: an abandoned -person.--_ns._ PROF'LIGACY, PROF'LIGATENESS, state or quality of being -profligate: a vicious course of life.--_adv._ PROF'LIGATELY. [L. -_profligatus_, pa.p. of _proflig[=a]re_--_pro_, forward, _flig[)e]re_, to -dash.] - -PROFLUENT, prof'l[=u]-ent, _adj._ flowing forth.--_n._ PROF'LUENCE. [L. -_pro_, forth, _fluere_, to flow.] - -PRO FORMA, pr[=o] for'ma, as a matter of form. [L. _pro_, for, _forma_, -abl. of _forma_, form.] - -PROFOUND, pr[=o]-fownd', _adj._ far below the surface: low: very deep: -intense: abstruse: mysterious: occult: intellectually deep: penetrating -deeply into knowledge.--_n._ the sea or ocean: an abyss, great -depth.--_adv._ PROFOUND'LY, deeply: with deep knowledge or insight: with -deep concern.--_ns._ PROFOUND'NESS, PROFUND'ITY, the state or quality of -being profound: depth of place, of knowledge, &c.: that which is profound. -[Fr. _profond_--L. _profundus_--_pro_, forward, _fundus_, bottom.] - -PROFUNDA, pr[=o]-fun'd[:a], _n._ a deep-seated artery, as of the arm, neck, -or leg:--_pl._ PROFUN'DAE. - -PROFUSE, pr[=o]-f[=u]s', _adj._ liberal to excess: lavish: -extravagant.--_adv._ PROF[=U]SE'LY.--_ns._ PROF[=U]SE'NESS, PROF[=U]'SION, -state of being profuse: extravagance: prodigality. [L. _profusus_, pa.p. of -_profund[)e]re_--_pro_, forth, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.] - -PROG, prog, _v.t._ to thrust.--_v.i._ to go about, as if picking and -plundering: to beg.--_n._ a pointed instrument: food got by begging. [Prob. -related to W. procio, to stab.] - -PROGENERATE, pr[=o]-jen'e-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to beget.--_n._ PROGEN'ITOR, a -forefather: an ancestor: a parent: the founder of a family:--_fem._ -PROGEN'ITRESS, PROGEN'ITRIX.--_ns._ PR[=O]GEN'ITURE, a begetting; PROG'ENY, -that which is brought forth: descendants: race: children. -[Fr.,--L.,--_pro_, before, _genitor_, a parent, _gign[)e]re_, _genitum_, to -beget.] - -PROGLOTTIS, pr[=o]-glot'is, _n._ a term applied to the detached segments of -the body in the _Cestoidea_:--_pl._ PROGLOTT'ID[=E]S.--_adj._ PROGLOTT'IC. -[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _gl[=o]ssa_, _gl[=o]tta_, tongue.] - -PROGNATHOUS, prog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having jaws projecting far -forward--also PROGNATH'IC.--_n._ PROG'NATHISM. [Gr. _pro_, forward, -_gnathos_, a jaw.] - -PROGNOSIS, prog-n[=o]'sis, _n._ foreknowledge: (_med._) the act or art of -foretelling the course of a disease from the symptoms: the opinion thus -formed.--_n._ PROGNOS'TIC, a foreshowing: a foretelling: an indication: a -presage.--_adj._ foreknowing: foreshowing: indicating what is to happen by -signs or symptoms.--_v.t._ PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TE, to foreshow: to foretell: to -indicate as future by signs.--_n._ PROGNOSTIC[=A]'TION, the act of -prognosticating or foretelling something future by present signs: a -foretoken or previous sign.--_adj._ PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TIVE.--_n._ -PROGNOS'TIC[=A]TOR, a predictor of future events, esp. a weather prophet. -[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _gign[=o]skein_, to know.] - -PROGRAMME, PROGRAM, pr[=o]'gram, _n._ a public notice in writing: an -outline of subjects and the order in which they are to be taken up at a -meeting, exhibition, concert, &c.: a preliminary outline.--_n._ -PR[=O]'GRAMMER, one who makes up a programme.--PROGRAMME MUSIC, music meant -to give the hearers, by means of instruments, without words, the -impressions of scenes and incidents. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _programma_--_pro_, -before, _graphein_, to write.] - -PROGRESS, prog'res, _n._ a going forward or onward: advance: improvement of -any kind: proficiency: course: passage from place to place: procession: a -journey of state: a circuit.--_v.i._ PR[=O]GRESS', to go forward: to make -progress: to grow better: to proceed: to advance: to improve.--_v.t._ -(_Shak._) to move or push forward.--_n._ PR[=O]GRES'SION, motion onward: -act or state of moving onward: progress: regular and gradual advance: -increase or decrease of numbers or magnitudes according to a fixed law: -(_mus._) a regular succession of chords or the movements of the parts in -harmony.--_adj._ PR[=O]GRES'SIONAL.--_ns._ PR[=O]GRES'SIONIST, -PROG'RESSIST, one who believes in the progress of society and its future -perfection: one who believes in the development of animals and plants from -one simple form.--_adj._ PR[=O]GRESS'IVE, progressing or moving forward: -advancing gradually: improving.--_n._ one in favour of reform.--_adv._ -PR[=O]GRESS'IVELY.--_n._ PR[=O]GRESS'IVENESS.--ARITHMETICAL PROGRESSION -(see ARITHMETIC); GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION, a series of numbers or -quantities in which each succeeding one is produced by _multiplying_ or -_dividing_ the preceding one by a fixed number or quantity, as 1, 4, 16, -64, &c., or 18, 6, 2; HARMONIC PROGRESSION (see HARMONIC); MUSICAL -PROGRESSION, the regular succession of chords or the movement of the parts -of a musical composition in harmony, where the key continues unchanged. -[Fr.,--L. _progressus_--_progredi_, to go forward--_pro_, forward, _gradi_, -to go.] - -PROGYMNASIUM, pr[=o]-jim-n[=a]'zi-um, _n._ in Germany, a classical school -in which the higher classes are wanting: a school preparatory to a -gymnasium. - -PROHIBIT, pr[=o]-hib'it, _v.t._ to hinder: to check or repress: to prevent: -to forbid: to interdict by authority.--_ns._ PROHIB'ITER; PROHIBI'TION, the -act of prohibiting, forbidding, or interdicting: an interdict: the -forbidding by law of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks; -PROHIB'ITIONISM; PROHIBI'TIONIST, one who favours prohibitory duties in -commerce: one who advocates the forbidding by law of the manufacture and -sale of alcoholic drinks.--_adj._ PROHIB'ITIVE.--_adv._ -PROHIB'ITIVELY.--_adj._ PROHIB'ITORY, that prohibits or forbids: -forbidding.--PROHIBITED DEGREES (see FORBIDDEN DEGREES, under -DEGREE).--WRIT OF PROHIBITION (_law_), a writ from a superior tribunal -staying proceedings in a lower court: (_Scots law_) a clause in a deed of -entail forbidding the heir to sell the estate, contract debt, &c. [L. -_prohib[=e]re_, _prohibitum_--_pro_, before, _hab[=e]re_, to have.] - -PROIN, proin, _v.t._ an obsolete form of _prune_. - -PRO INDIVISO, pr[=o] in-di-v[=i]'so, (_law_) applied to rights which two or -more persons hold in common. - -PROJECT, pr[=o]j'ekt, _n._ a plan: a scheme: contrivance. [O. Fr. _project_ -(Fr. _projet_)--L. _projectum_--_pro_, before, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.] - -PROJECT, pr[=o]-jekt', _v.t._ to throw out or forward: to cast forward in -the mind: to contrive or devise: to exhibit (as in a mirror): to draw -straight lines from a fixed point through every point of any body or -figure, and let these fall upon a surface so as to form the points of a new -figure: to exhibit in relief.--_v.i._ to shoot forward: to jut out: to be -prominent.--_adj._ PROJEC'TILE, projecting or throwing forward: impelling -or impelled forward: that can be thrust forward.--_n._ a body projected by -force, esp. through the air: a cannon or rifle ball.--_adj._ -PROJEC'TING.--_n._ PROJEC'TION, the act of projecting: that which juts out: -a plan or design: a delineation: a representation of any object on a plane, -esp. (_geom._) the earth's surface: (_alch._) the act of throwing anything -into a crucible, hence the act or result of transmutation of metals: the -crisis of any process, esp. a culinary process.--_adj._ PROJEC'TIVE, -produced by projection: (_geom._) capable, as two plane figures, of being -derived from one another by a number of projections and sections.--_ns._ -PROJECTIV'ITY; PROJECT'MENT (_rare_), design; PROJEC'TOR, one who projects -or forms schemes: a parabolic mirror: a camera for throwing an image on a -screen; PROJEC'TURE, a jutting out beyond the main line or -surface.--MERCATOR'S PROJECTION, a map of the world with meridian lines -which are straight and parallel, and with parallels of latitude at -distances from each other, increasing towards the poles, invented by the -Flemish cosmographer, _Mercator_, in 1550. - -PROKER, pr[=o]'ker, _n._ (_prov._) a poker. - -PROLAPSE, pr[=o]-laps', _n._ (_med._) a falling down, or out, of some part -of the body from the position which it usually occupies--also -PROLAP'SUS.--_v.i._ to fall down: to protrude. [L. _prolabi_, _prolapsus_, -to fall forward--_pro_, forward, _labi_, to fall.] - -PROLATE, pr[=o]'l[=a]t, _adj._ extended lengthwise: having the diameter -between the poles longer than at right angles to it, as a spheroid.--_ns._ -PROL[=A]TE'NESS, PROL[=A]'TION, a bringing forth: pronunciation: delay: -(_mus._) a division. [L. _prolatus_, pa.p. of _proferre_, to bring -forward--_pro_, forth, _ferre_, to bear.] - -PROLEG, pr[=o]'leg, _n._ one of the abdominal limbs of the larvae of -insects. - -PROLEGOMENA, pr[=o]-leg-om'en-a, _n.pl._ an introduction to a -treatise:--_sing._ PROLEGOM'ENON.--_adjs._ PROLEGOM'ENARY, PROLEGOM'ENOUS, -prefatory: prolix. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _legein_, to say.] - -PROLEPSIS, pr[=o]-lep'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which objections are -anticipated and answered: the dating of an event before its proper -time:--_pl._ PROLEP'S[=E]S.--_adjs._ PROLEP'TIC, -AL.--_adv._ -PROLEP'TICALLY. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _lambanein_, to take.] - -PROLETARIAN, pr[=o]-le-t[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to the poorest -labouring class: having little or no property: plebeian: vulgar.--_n._ a -member of the poorest class--also PROLETAIRE', PR[=O]'LETARY.--_adj._ -PROLET[=A]'NEOUS, having numerous offspring.--_ns._ PROLET[=A]'RIANISM, the -condition of the poorest classes; PROLET[=A]'RIAT, -E, the lowest class. -[L. _proletarius_ (in ancient Rome), a citizen of the sixth and lowest -class, who served the state not with his property, but with his -children--_proles_, offspring.] - -PROLICIDE, pr[=o]'li-s[=i]d, _n._ infanticide. - -PROLIFERATE, pr[=o]-lif'e-r[=a]t, _v.i._ to grow by multiplication of -elementary parts: (_zool._) to reproduce by proliferation.--_v.t._ to bear -by reproduction.--_n._ PROLIFER[=A]'TION, the birth and growth of -generative zo[:o]ids.--_adjs._ PROLIF'ER[=A]TIVE, PROLIF'EROUS.--_adv._ -PROLIF'EROUSLY. [L. _proles_, progeny, _ferre_, to bear.] - -PROLIFIC, -AL, pr[=o]-lif'ik, -al, _adj._ bringing forth offspring: -producing young or fruit: productive: bringing about results: (_bot._) -applied to a flower from which another is produced.--_ns._ PROLIF'ICACY, -PROLIF'ICNESS.--_adv._ PROLIF'ICALLY.--_n._ PROLIFIC[=A]'TION, the -generation of young animals or plants: (_bot._) development of a shoot from -an organ normally ultimate. [Fr. _prolifique_--L. _proles_ (for -_pro-oles_), offspring, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PROLIX, pr[=o]'liks, _adj._ tedious: long and wordy: dwelling too long on -particulars: (_obs._) long.--_adj._ PROLIX'IOUS (_Shak._), dilatory, -tedious.--_ns._ PROLIX'ITY, PROLIX'NESS.--_adv._ PROLIX'LY. [Fr. -_prolixe_--L. _prolixus_--_pro_, forward, _liqui_, to flow.] - -PROLL, pr[=o]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to prowl, rob. [_Prowl._] - -PROLOCUTOR, pr[=o]-lok'[=u]-tor, _n._ the chairman of a convocation, or -meeting of clergy: (_rare_) a spokesman:--_fem._ PR[=O]LOC'UTRIX.--_n._ -PR[=O]LOC'UTORSHIP. [L., _pro_, before, _loqui_, _locutus_, to speak.] - -PROLOGUE, pr[=o]'log, _n._ a preface: the introductory verses before a -play: (_Shak._) the speaker of a prologue.--_v.t._ to introduce with a -prologue or preface.--_v.i._ PR[=O]'LOGISE, -UISE, to deliver a prologue. -[Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _prologos_--_pro_, before, _logos_, speech.] - -PROLONG, pr[=o]-long', _v.t._ to lengthen out: (_Shak._) to put off to -another time: to continue.--_v.i._ to lengthen out.--_v.t._ PROLONG'[=A]TE, -to lengthen.--_ns._ PROLONG[=A]'TION, act of prolonging in space or time: -the additional length made by prolonging; PROLONG'ER. [Fr. _prolonger_--L. -_prolong[=a]re_--_pro_, forward, _longus_, long.] - -PROLONGE, pr[=o]-lonj', _n._ a hemp rope consisting of three pieces joined -by two open rings, and having a hook at one end and a toggle at the other. -[Fr.] - -PROLUSION, pr[=o]-l[=u]'zhun, _n._ a prelude, introduction: an essay -preparatory to a more solid treatise. [L.,--_pro_, before, _lud[)e]re_, -_lusum_, to play.] - -PROMACHOS, prom'a-kos, _n._ a deity who fights in front of, or champions, -some person or state. [Gr.] - -PROMENADE, prom-e-n[:a]d', or -n[=a]d', _n._ a walk for pleasure, show, or -exercise: a place for walking.--_v.i._ to walk for amusement, show, or -exercise.--_n._ PROMEN[:A]'DER.--PROMENADE CONCERT, an entertainment in -which the audience promenades or dances during the music. [Fr.,--from -(_se_) _promener_, to walk--L. _promin[=a]re_, to drive forwards--_pro_, -forward, _min[=a]re_, to drive.] - -PROMETHEAN, pr[=o]-m[=e]'th[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Prometheus_, who -stole fire from heaven, for which Zeus chained him to a rock, to be -tortured by a vulture.--_n._ a glass tube containing sulphuric acid and an -inflammable mixture: a kind of lucifer-match.--_n._ PROM[=E]'THEUS, a large -silk-spinning moth. [Gr., lit. 'forethinker;' or Sans. _pramantha_, a -fire-stick.] - -PROMINENT, prom'i-nent, _adj._ standing out beyond the line or surface of -something: projecting: most easily seen: conspicuous: principal: eminent: -distinguished.--_ns._ PROM'INENCE, PROM'INENCY, state or quality of being -prominent: conspicuousness: distinction.--_adv._ PROM'INENTLY. [Fr.,--L. -_promin[=e]re_, to jut forth--_pro_, forth, _min[=e]re_, to jut.] - -PROMISCUOUS, pr[=o]-mis'k[=u]-us, _adj._ mixed: confused: collected -together without order: indiscriminate: not restricted to one individual: -(_prov._) casual, accidental.--_n._ PROMISC[=U]'ITY, mixture without order -or distinction: promiscuous sexual intercourse.--_adv._ -PROMIS'CUOUSLY.--_n._ PROMIS'CUOUSNESS. [L. _promiscuus_--_pro_, inten., -_misc[=e]re_, to mix.] - -PROMISE, prom'is, _n._ an engagement made by a person either verbally or in -writing to do or keep from doing something: expectation or that which -causes expectation: a ground for hope of future excellence: (_rare_) -fulfilment of what is promised.--_v.t._ to make an engagement to do or not -to do something: to afford reason to expect: to assure: to engage to -bestow.--_v.i._ to assure one by a promise: to afford hopes or -expectations: (_rare_) to stand sponsor.--_ns._ PROM'ISE-BREACH (_Shak._), -violation of promise; PROM'ISE-BREAK'ER (_Shak._), a violator of -promises.--_adj._ PROM'ISE-CRAMMED (_Shak._), crammed or filled with -promises.--_ns._ PROMIS[=EE]', the person to whom a promise is made; -PROM'ISER, PROM'ISOR.--_adj._ PROM'ISING, affording ground for hope or -expectation: likely to turn out well.--_advs._ PROM'ISINGLY; -PROM'ISSORILY.--_adj._ PROM'ISSORY, containing a promise of some engagement -to be fulfilled.--_n._ PROM'ISSORY-NOTE, a note by one person promising to -pay a sum of money to another, or to bearer, at a certain date, or at -sight, or on demand.--PROMISED LAND, the land promised by God to Abraham -and his seed: Canaan: heaven.--BE PROMISED (_rare_), to have an engagement; -BREACH OF PROMISE (see BREACH); CONDITIONAL PROMISE, a promise of which the -obligation depends on certain conditions--opp. to _Absolute promise_; -EXPRESS PROMISE, a promise expressed orally or in writing; THE PROMISE, the -assurance of God to Abraham that his descendants should become the chosen -people. [Fr. _promesse_--L. _promissa_, _promitt[)e]re_, to send -forward--_pro_, forward, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] - -PROMONTORY, prom'on-tor-i, _n._ a headland or high cape jutting out into -the sea: (_anat._) a projection on the sacrum: a rounded elevation in the -tympanum of the ear. [L. _promontorium_--_pro_, forward, _mons_, _montis_, -a mountain.] - -PROMOTE, pr[=o]-m[=o]t', _v.t._ to move forward: to help on the growth or -improvement of anything: to advance: to further: to encourage: to raise to -a higher position: to elevate.--_ns._ PROM[=O]'TER; PROM[=O]'TION, the act -of promoting: advancement in rank or in honour: encouragement: -preferment.--_adj._ PROM[=O]'TIVE.--BE ON ONE'S PROMOTION, to have right or -hope of promotion: to be on good behaviour with a view to chances of -promotion. [L. _promotus_, pa.p. of _promov[=e]re_--_pro_, forward, -_mov[=e]re_, to move.] - -PROMPT, promt, _adj._ prepared: ready and willing: acting with alacrity: -cheerful: unhesitating: (_obs._) inclined, disposed.--_v.t._ to incite: to -move to action: to assist a speaker when at a loss for words: to suggest to -the mind.--_n._ a limit of time given for payment for merchandise -purchased, the limit being stated on the _prompt-note_, the note of -reminder.--_ns._ PROMPT'-BOOK, a copy of a play arranged for the prompter's -use; PROMPT'ER; PROMPT'ING, the act of prompting or suggesting: that which -is prompted or suggested; PROMPT'IT[=U]DE, promptness: readiness: -willingness: quickness of decision and action.--_adv._ PROMPT'LY.--_ns._ -PROMPT'NESS; PROMPT'[=U]ARY, a magazine, repository, a handbook; -PROMPT'[=U]RE (_Shak._), suggestion: instigation. [Fr.,--L. -_promptus_--_pr[=o]m[)e]re_, to bring forward--_pro_, forth, _em[)e]re_, to -bring.] - -PROMULGATE, pr[=o]-mul'g[=a]t, _v.t._ to publish: to proclaim: to make -widely known--(_arch._) PROMULGE'.--_ns._ PROMULG[=A]'TION, act of -promulgating: publication: open declaration: (_law_) the first official -publication of a new law; PROM'ULG[=A]TOR. [L. _promulg[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_.] - -PROMUSCIS, pr[=o]-mus'is, _n._ a proboscis, esp. of hemipters.--_adj._ -PROMUS'CID[=A]TE, like or having a promuscis. - -PRONAOS, pr[=o]-n[=a]'os, _n._ the open porch in front of a temple. [Gr., -_pro_, before, _naos_, a temple.] - -PRONATION, pr[=o]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of turning the palm of the hand -downwards--opp. to _Supination_.--_v.t._ PR[=O]'NATE, to turn the palm -downwards effected by means of the pronator muscle.--_n._ PRON[=A]'TOR, a -muscle of the forearm by which pronation is effected. [L. _pron[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to lead forward--_pronus_.] - -PRONE, pr[=o]n, _adj._ with the face downward: bending forward: headlong: -disposed: inclined or sloping.--_adv._ PRONE'LY.--_n._ PRONE'NESS. [O. -Fr.,--L. _pronus_; cog. with Gr. _pr[=e]n[=e]s_, prone.] - -PRONG, prong, _n._ the spike of a fork or similar instrument: one of -several points or projections, as on an antler.--_v.t._ to stab with a -prong.--_adj._ PRONGED, having prongs.--_n._ PRONG'-HOE.--_adj._ -PRONG'-HORN, having horns with a prong.--_n._ the prong-buck or cabrit, the -American antelope. [Nasalised form of Prov. Eng. _prog_, to prick--W. -_procio_; cf. Gael. _brog_, to goad, _brog_, an awl.] - -PRONOMINAL. See PRONOUN. - -PRONONC['E], pr[=o]-nong-s[=a]', _adj._ decided: self-asserting:--_fem._ -PRONONC['E]E. [Fr.; cf. _Pronounce_.] - -PRONOTUM, pr[=o]-n[=o]'tum, _n._ the tergal portion of the prothorax in the -Insecta:--_pl._ PRON[=O]'TA.--_adj._ PRON[=O]'TAL. [Gr. _pro_, before, -_n[=o]tos_, back.] - -PRONOUN, pr[=o]'nown, _n._ a word used instead of a noun.--_adj._ -PRONOM'INAL, belonging to, or of the nature of, a pronoun.--_adv._ -PRONOM'INALLY. - -PRONOUNCE, pr[=o]-nowns', _v.t._ to make known by speaking: to utter with -the proper sound and accent: to speak distinctly: to utter formally: to -utter rhetorically: to declare.--_v.i._ to utter confidently: to utter -words.--_adjs._ PRONOUNCE'ABLE, capable of being pronounced; PRONOUNCED', -marked with emphasis: marked.--_adv._ PRONOUN'CEDLY.--_ns._ PRONOUNCE'MENT, -act of pronouncing: an announcement or proclamation; PRONOUN'CER.--_adjs._ -PRONOUN'CING, PRONUN'CIAL, giving or marking pronunciation.--_n._ -PRONUNCI[=A]'TION, act or mode of pronouncing: art of speaking distinctly -and correctly: utterance. [Fr. _prononcer_--L. _pronunti[=a]re_--_pro_, -forth, _nunci[=a]re_, to announce--_nuntius_, a messenger.] - -PRONUNCIAMENTO, pr[=o]-nun-si-a-men'to, _n._ a manifesto: a formal -proclamation. [Sp.] - -PROOEMIUM, pr[=o]-[=e]'mi-um, _n._ same as PROEM--also PROE'MION: (_rhet._) -exordium.--_adj._ PROOE'MISE. - -PROOF, pr[=oo]f, _n._ that which proves or establishes the truth of -anything: test: (_obs._) experience: experiment: any process to discover or -establish a truth: that which convinces: demonstration: evidence which -convinces the mind: state of having been proved: (_pl._) in equity -practice, the instruments of evidence in their documentary form: (_Scots -law_) the taking of evidence by a judge upon an issue framed in pleading: a -test, hence 'Armour of proof,' armour proved to be trustworthy: (_arith._) -an operation checking the accuracy of a calculation: firmness of mind: a -certain strength of alcoholic spirits: (_print._) an impression taken for -correction, also 'proof-sheet:' an early impression of an engraving--'proof -before letter'=one taken before the title is engraved on the plate: -(_phot._) the first print from a negative.--_adj._ firm in resisting: -noting alcoholic liquors having the specific gravity 0.920:--_pl._ -PROOFS.--_ns._ PROOF'-ARM'OUR, armour proved to be able to resist ordinary -weapons; PROOF'-CHARGE, an extraordinary amount of powder and shot put into -a gun to test its strength; PROOF'-HOUSE, a house fitted up for proving the -barrels of firearms; PROOF'-LEAF (same as PROOF-SHEET).--_adj._ PROOF'LESS, -wanting proof or evidence.--_ns._ PROOF'-MARK, a mark stamped on a gun to -show that it has stood the test; PROOF'-READ'ER, a person who reads printed -proofs to discover and correct errors; PROOF'-SHEET, an impression taken on -a slip of paper for correction before printing finally; PROOF'-SPIR'IT, a -mixture containing fixed proportions of alcohol and water--nearly half its -weight and fully half its volume of alcohol; PROOF'-TEXT, a passage of -Scripture held to prove a certain doctrine.--ARTIST'S PROOF, a first -impression from an engraved plate or block; BURDEN OF PROOF (see BURDEN); -INDIA PROOF (see INDIAN). [O. Fr. _prove_ (Fr. _preuve_)--L. _prob[=a]re_, -to prove.] - -PROOSTRACUM, pr[=o]-os'tra-kum, _n._ the forward continuation of the guard -or rostrum in the Belemnites. [Gr. _pro_, before, _ostrakon_, shell.] - -PROOTIC, pr[=o]-ot'ik, _n._ a bone developed in some vertebrata in front of -the ear--also _adj._ [Gr. _pro_, before, _ous_, _[=o]tos_, ear.] - -PROP, prop, _n._ anything on which a weight rests for support: a support: a -stay.--_v.t._ to keep from falling by means of something placed under or -against: to support or to sustain in any way:--_pr.p._ prop'ping; _pa.t_. -and _pa.p._ propped.--_n._ PROP'PAGE. [Allied to Sw. _propp_, Ger. _propf_, -a stopper; some connect also with Ger. _pfropf_, a graft--L. _propago_, a -set, layer.] - -PROPAEDEUTIC, -AL, pr[=o]-p[=e]-d[=u]'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to -preliminary instruction.--_n._ PROPAEDE[=U]'TIC, a preliminary branch of -knowledge: (_pl._) the introduction to an art or science. [Gr. _pro_, -before, _paideuein_, to teach.] - -PROPAGATE, prop'a-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to increase by generation or other natural -process: to multiply plants by layers: to extend: to produce: to impel -forward in space, as sound, light, energy, &c.: to spread from one to -another: to promote: to extend the knowledge of: (_obs._) to -increase.--_v.i._ to be produced or multiplied: to have young.--_adj._ -PROP'AGABLE, that can be propagated or increased by generation or other -natural process.--_ns._ PROPAGAN'DA, PROP'AGAND, a committee (_congregatio -de propaganda fide_) at Rome charged with the management of the R.C. -missions: any association for the spread of opinions and principles, esp. -such as are opposed to the existing government; PROPAGAND'ISM, practice of -propagating tenets or principles: zeal in spreading one's opinions: -proselytism; PROPAGAND'IST, one who devotes himself to propagandism; -PROPAG[=A]'TION, act of propagating: the spreading or extension of -anything, as light, sound, energy, &c.: increase: enlargement.--_adj._ -PROP'AG[=A]TIVE.--_ns._ PROP'AG[=A]TOR; PROPAGAT[=O]'RIUM (_biol._), the -reproductive apparatus.--_adj._ PROP'AG[=A]TORY.--_ns._ PROP[=A]'GO, a -layer or branch laid down to root; PROPAG'[=U]LUM, a runner or sucker -ending in an expanded bud: a gemma or bud affecting asexual propagation in -many algae. [L. _prop[=a]g[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, conn. with _pro-p[=a]g-o_, a -layer.] - -PROPALE, pr[=o]-p[=a]l', _v.t._ to disclose. - -PROPALINAL, pr[=o]-pal'i-nal, _adj._ moving backward and forward, as the -under jaw in mastication. [L. _pro_, forward, Gr. _palin_, backward.] - -PROPAROXYTONE, pr[=o]-par-ok'si-t[=o]n, _adj._ having the acute accent on -the antepenultimate or third last syllable.--_n._ a word having the acute -accent on the antepenultimate. - -PROPEL, pr[=o]-pel', _v.t._ to drive forward: to urge onward by -force:--_pr.p._ propel'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ propelled'.--_n._ -PROPEL'LANT, that which drives forward.--_adj._ PROPEL'LENT.--_ns._ -PROPEL'LER, one who, or that which, propels: any kind of mechanism for -moving a ship through the water, by a paddle-wheel, oar, screw, &c.: a -vessel thus propelled: a spinning-bait; PROPEL'MENT, act of propelling: -propelling mechanism. [L. _pro_, forward, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.] - -PROPEND, pr[=o]-pend', _v.i._ (_Shak._) to lean toward: to be in favour of -anything.--_adj._ PROPEND'ENT. [L. _propend[=e]re_--_pro_, forward, -_pend[=e]re_, _pensum_, to hang.] - -PROPENSE. pr[=o]-pens', _adj._ leaning towards in a moral sense: inclined: -disposed.--_adv._ PROPENSE'LY.--_ns._ PROPENSE'NESS, PROPENS'ITY, -inclination of mind: tendency to good or evil: disposition; PROPEN'SION, -tendency to move in a certain direction.--_adj._ PROPEN'SIVE. [L. -_propensus_, hanging forward.] - -PROPER, prop'[.e]r, _adj._ one's own: fitted for a person's nature or -qualities: peculiar: belonging to only one of a species (as a name): -natural: suitable: correct: just: right: becoming: (_B._) comely, pretty: -in liturgics, used only on a particular day or festival.--_n._ something -set apart for a special use.--_adv._ (_coll._) very, exceedingly.--_adv._ -PROP'ERLY, in a proper manner: (_coll._) entirely, extremely.--_n._ -PROP'ERNESS.--PROPERLY SPEAKING, in the strict sense: speaking without -qualification. [Fr. _propre_--L. _proprius_, one's own, akin to _prope_, -near.] - -PROPERISPOMENON, pr[=o]-per-i-sp[=o]m'e-non, _n._ a word with the -circumflex accent on the penult. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _peri_, round, -_sp[=a]n_, to draw.] - -PROPERTY, prop'[.e]r-ti, _n._ that which is proper to any person or thing: -a quality which is always present: any quality: that which is one's own: an -estate: right of possessing, employing, &c.: ownership: (_Shak._) -individuality: (_pl._) articles required by actors in a play.--_v.t._ -(_Shak._) to invest with certain properties: to make a tool of, -appropriate.--_adj._ PROP'ERTIED, possessed of property or -possessions.--_ns._ PROP'ERTY-MAN, -MAS'TER, one who has charge of the -stage properties in a theatre; PROP'ERTY-ROOM, the room in which the stage -properties of a theatre are kept; PROP'ERTY-TAX, a tax paid by persons -possessed of property, at the rate of so much per cent. on its -value.--MOVABLE or PERSONAL PROPERTY, property that may attend the person -of the owner, movables; PRIVATE PROPERTY, that which belongs to an -individual for his personal disposition and use--opp. to PUBLIC PROPERTY; -REAL PROPERTY, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, real estate; QUALIFIED -PROPERTY, the right a man has in reclaimed wild animals--also called -SPECIAL PROPERTY: such right as a bailee has in the chattel transferred to -him by the bailment. [O. Fr. _properte_--a doublet of _propriety_.] - -PROPHASIS, prof'a-sis, _n._ prognosis. [Gr.] - -PROPHECY, prof'e-si, _n._ a prediction: public interpretation of Scripture: -instruction: (_B._) a book of prophecies. [O. Fr. _prophecie_--L. -_prophet[=i]a_--Gr. _proph[=e]teia_--_proph[=e]t[=e]s_.] - -PROPHESY, prof'e-s[=i], _v.t._ to foretell: to predict.--_v.i._ (_B._) to -exhort: to expound religious subjects.--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -proph'es[=i]ed.--_ns._ PROPH'ES[=I]ER; PROPH'ESYING. [_s_ has been -arbitrarily substituted for _c_, to distinguish the verb from the noun.] - -PROPHET, prof'et, _n._ one who proclaims or interprets the will of God: one -who announces things to come: one who predicts or foretells events: (_B._) -one inspired by God to warn and teach: (_pl._) the writings of the -prophets.--_n.fem._ PROPH'ETESS.--_ns._ PROPH'ETHOOD, PROPH'ETSHIP, -quality, office of a prophet.--_adjs._ PROPHET'IC, -AL, pertaining to a -prophet: containing prophecy: foreseeing or foretelling events.--_adv._ -PROPHET'ICALLY.--_n._ PROPH'ETISM.--PROPHETIC OFFICE, the office of a -prophet.--FORMER PROPHETS, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings; LATTER -PROPHETS, the prophets properly so called; MAJOR PROPHETS, the prophets -whose books come before that of Hosea; MINOR PROPHETS, the prophets from -Hosea to Malachi; SCHOOL OF THE PROPHETS, a school among the ancient Jews -for training young men as teachers of the people; THE PROPHETS, one of the -three divisions into which the ancient Jews divided their -Scriptures--consisting of the _former_ and the _latter_ prophets (see -above). [Fr.,--L. _proph[=e]ta_--Gr. _proph[=e]t[=e]s_--_pro_, before, in -behalf of, _ph[=e]-mi_, _phanai_, to speak.] - -PROPHYLACTIC, prof-i-lak'tik, _adj._ guarding against: defending from -disease.--_n._ a medicine which wards off disease.--_n._ PROPHYLAX'IS. [Gr. -_pro_, before, _phylassein_, to guard.] - -PROPINE, pr[=o]-p[=i]n', _v.t._ to pledge in drinking: to present, -guarantee.--_n._ (_obs._) money given as drink-money, any pledge or gift: -the power of giving.--_n._ PROPIN[=A]'TION, act of drinking healths. [O. -Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _propinein_, _pro_, before, _pinein_, to drink.] - -PROPINQUITY, pr[=o]-ping'kwi-ti, _n._ nearness in time, place, or blood: -proximity: neighbourhood.--_v.i._ PROPINQ'UATE, to approach. [L. -_propinquitas_--_propinquu_s, near--_prope_, near.] - -PROPITIATE, pr[=o]-pish'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to make propitious: to render -favourable.--_v.i._ to make propitiation: to atone.--_adj._ PROPI'TIABLE, -that maybe propitiated or rendered favourable.--_ns._ PROPITI[=A]'TION, act -of propitiating: (_theol._) that which propitiates: atonement: the death of -Christ as a ground of the forgiveness of sin; PROPI'TI[=A]TOR.--_adv._ -PROPI'TIATORILY.--_adj._ PROPI'TI[=A]TORY, having power to propitiate: -expiatory.--_n._ the Jewish mercy-seat.--_adj._ PROPI'TIOUS, favourable: -disposed to be gracious or merciful: ready to forgive.--_adv._ -PROPI'TIOUSLY.--_n._ PROPI'TIOUSNESS. [L. _propiti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -make favourable--_propitius_, well disposed; orig. perh. an augur's term -with reference to the flying of birds--_pro_, forward, _pet[)e]re_, to -seek, orig. fly; by others conn. with _prope_, near.] - -PROPLASM, pr[=o]'plazm, _n._ a mould, matrix.--_adj._ PROPLAS'TIC, forming -a mould. - -PROPODITE, prop'[=o]-d[=i]t, _n._ the sixth joint of the typical limb of a -Crustacean. - -PROPODIUM, pr[=o]-p[=o]'di-um, _n._ the anterior division of the foot in -some Gasteropoda and Pteropoda. [Gr. _pro_, before, _pous_, _podos_, the -foot.] - -PROPOLIS, prop'[=o]-lis, _n._ a red, resinous, odorous substance like wax -collected by bees and used to stop crevices in the hive, strengthen cells, -&c. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _polis_, city.] - -PROPONENT, pr[=o]-p[=o]'nent, _adj._ proposing.--_n._ one who makes a -proposal or proposition: (_law_) one who propounds a will for probate. - -PROPORTION, pr[=o]-p[=o]r'shun, _n._ the relation of one thing to another -in regard to magnitude: fitness of parts to each other: symmetrical -arrangement: (_math._) the identity or equality of ratios: the 'rule of -three,' in which three terms are given to find a fourth: equal or just -share: (_obs._) form, figure.--_v.t._ to adjust: to form symmetrically: to -correspond to: to divide into proper shares.--_adj._ PROPOR'TIONABLE, that -may be proportioned: having a proper proportion.--_n._ -PROPOR'TIONABLENESS.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONABLY.--_adj._ PROPOR'TIONAL, having -a due proportion: relating to proportion: (_math._) having the same or a -constant ratio.--_n._ (_math._) a number or quantity in a proportion.--_n._ -PROPORTIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONALLY.--_adj_. PROPOR'TIONATE, adjusted -according to a proportion: proportional.--_v.t._ to make proportional: to -adjust in proportion.--_adv._ PROPOR'TIONATELY.--_ns._ PROPOR'TIONATENESS, -the quality of being adjusted according to settled rates or comparative -relation; PROPOR'TIONING, adjustment of proportions.--_adj._ -PROPOR'TIONLESS, without proportion or symmetry of parts.--PROPORTIONAL -REPRESENTATION, representation in a parliament, &c., according to the -number of electors in an electoral district.--COMPOUND PROPORTION, a -proportion between two quantities, each of which is the product of two or -more, those of the first set being in their order proportional to those of -the other; IN PROPORTION, in the degree or measure, according; INVERSE, or -RECIPROCAL, PROPORTION, an equality of ratio between two quantities and the -reciprocals of other two, as 6 : 3 = 1/2 : 1/4. [L. _proportio_--_pro_, in -comparison with, _portio_, _portionis_, part, share.] - -PROPOSE, pr[=o]-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to put forward or offer for consideration, -&c.: to purpose or intend: (_obs._) to place out, state, utter, discourse: -(_Shak._) to face, confront.--_v.i._ to form an intention or design: to -offer, especially marriage: (_Shak._) to converse--_n._ (_obs._) talk, -discourse.--_n._ PROP[=O]'SAL, anything proposed: terms or conditions -proposed.--_n._ PROP[=O]'SER. [Fr.,--pfx. _pro-_, _poser_, to place.] - -PROPOSITION, prop-[=o]-zish'un, _n._ a placing before: offer of terms: that -which is proposed: the act of stating anything: that which is stated: -(_gram._ and _logic_) a complete sentence, or one which affirms or denies -something: (_math._) a theorem or problem to be demonstrated or -solved.--_adj._ PROPOSI'TIONAL, pertaining to, or of the nature of, a -proposition: considered as a proposition. [Fr.,--L. _propositio_.] - -PROPOUND, pr[=o]-pownd', _v.t._ to offer for consideration: to -exhibit.--_n._ PROPOUND'ER. [Orig. _propone_--L.,--_pro_, forth, -_pon[)e]re_, to place.] - -PROPRAETOR, PROPRETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=e]'tor, _n._ a magistrate of ancient -Rome, who, after acting as praetor in Rome, was appointed to the government -of a province. - -PROPRIETOR, pr[=o]-pr[=i]'e-tor, _n._ one who has anything as his property: -an owner:--_fem._ PROPR[=I]'ETRESS, PROPR[=I]'ETRIX.--_adjs._ -PROPR[=I]'ETARY, PROPRIET[=O]'RIAL, belonging to a proprietor.--_n._ -PROPR[=I]'ETARY, a proprietor, owner: a body of proprietors: the rights of -a proprietor.--_n._ PROPR[=I]'ETORSHIP, state or right of a proprietor: -ownership.--PROPRIETARY RIGHT, the right of a proprietor: the common-law -right of a playwright to control production or representation of his drama -so long as unpublished: the right when protected by copyright after -publication. - -PROPRIETY, pr[=o]-pr[=i]'e-ti, _n._ a person's right of possession: state -of being proper or right: agreement with established principles or customs: -fitness: accuracy: property: (_obs._) individuality.--THE PROPRIETIES, -conventional customs of society. [Fr.,--L. _proprietas_--_proprius_, one's -own.] - -PROPRIUM, pr[=o]'pri-um, _n._ selfhood. - -PROPROCTOR, pr[=o]-prok'tor, _n._ a substitute or assistant proctor. - -PROPTERYGIUM, pr[=o]-t[=e]-rij'i-um, _n._ the anterior basal cartilage of -the fins in the _Elasmobranchii_:--_pl._ PROPTERY'GIA.--_adj._ -PROPTERY'GIAL. [L. _pro_, before, L.,--Gr. _pterygion_, a fin, _pteron_, a -wing.] - -PROPUGNATION, pr[=o]-pug-n[=a]'shun, _n._ (_Shak._) defence. [L., _pro_, -for, _pugn[=a]re_, to fight.] - -PROPULSION, pr[=o]-pul'shun, _n._ act of propelling: a driving -forward.--_adjs._ PROPUL'SIVE, PROPUL'SORY, tending or having power to -propel. [Low L. _propulsio_--L. _propell[)e]re_, _propulsum_, to push -forward.] - -PROPYLAEUM, pr[=o]-pi-l[=e]'um, _n._ a gateway of architectural importance, -leading into a temple, &c.:--_pl._ PROPYLAE'A.--_n._ PR[=O]'PYLON, a -monumental gateway before the entrance of an ancient Egyptian temple, &c. -[Gr. _pro_, before, _pyl[=e]_, a gate.] - -PRO RATA, pr[=o] r[=a]'ta, according to one's share: in proportion.--_v.t._ -PROR[=A]TE', to assess pro rata. - -PRORE, pr[=o]r, _n._ Same as PROW. - -PRORECTOR, pr[=o]-rek'tor, _n._ a substitute or assistant rector. - -PRO RE NATA, pr[=o] r[=e] n[=a]'ta, dealing with something that arises -unexpectedly or out of due course, for special business. [L. _pro_, for, -_re_, abl. of _res_, thing, _nata_, abl. fem. of _natus_, born.] - -PROROGUE, pr[=o]-r[=o]g', _v.t._ to bring the meetings of parliament to an -end for a time: to put off from one session to another:--_pr.p._ -pror[=o]g'uing: _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pror[=o]gued'.--_v.t._ -PR[=O]'ROG[=A]TE.--_n._ PROROG[=A]'TION, act of proroguing: a lengthening -out: a putting off to another time, esp. the bringing to an end of a -session of parliament. [Fr.,--L. _prorog[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_, -forward, _rog[=a]re_, to ask.] - -PRORSAD, pror'sad, _adv._ (_anat._) forward.--_adj._ PROR'SAL, anterior. - -PROSAIC, -AL, pr[=o]-z[=a]'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to prose: like prose: -commonplace in style, manner, or thought: dull.--_adv._ -PROS[=A]'ICALLY.--_ns._ PROS[=A]'ICISM, PROS[=A]'ICNESS, quality of being -prosaic; PR[=O]'SAISM, a prose idiom: a prosaic phrase; PR[=O]'SAIST, a -writer of prose: a commonplace person. - -PROSCENIUM, pr[=o]-s[=e]'ni-um, _n._ the front part of the stage: the -curtain and its framework. [L.,--Gr. _prosk[=e]nion_--_pro_, before, -_sk[=e]n[=e]_, the stage.] - -PROSCRIBE, pr[=o]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to publish the names of persons to be -punished: to put beyond the protection of law: to banish: to prohibit: to -denounce, as doctrine.--_ns._ PR[=O]SCRIB'ER; PR[=O]'SCRIPT; PROSCRIP'TION, -the act of proscribing or dooming to death or outlawry: utter -rejection.--_adj._ PR[=O]SCRIP'TIVE, pertaining to, or consisting in, -proscription.--_adv._ PR[=O]SCRIP'TIVELY. [L. _proscrib[)e]re_--_pr_o, -before, publicly, _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.] - -PROSE, pr[=o]z, _n._ the direct, straightforward arrangement of words, free -from poetical measures: ordinary spoken and written language: all writings -not in verse.--_adj._ pertaining to prose: not poetical: plain: -dull.--_v.i._ to write prose: to speak or write tediously.--_v.t._ to -compose in prose.--_ns._ PROSE'-MAN, PR[=O]'SER, PROSE'-WRIT'ER, a writer -of prose.--_adv._ PR[=O]'SILY, in a prosy manner: tediously.--_ns._ -PR[=O]'SINESS, the state or quality of being prosy; PR[=O]'SING, speaking -or writing in a dull or prosy way.--_adj._ PR[=O]'SY, dull, tedious. -[Fr.,--L. _prosa_--_prorsus_, straightforward--_pro_, forward, -_vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.] - -PROSECT, pr[=o]-sekt', _v.t._ to dissect beforehand.--_v.i._ to perform the -duties of a prosector, one who dissects a body for the illustration of -anatomical lectures.--_ns._ PROSEC'TION; PROSEC'TOR.--_adj._ -PROSECT[=O]'RIAL.--_n._ PROSEC'TORSHIP. [L. _pro_, before, _sec[=a]re_, to -cut.] - -PROSECUTE, pros'[=e]-k[=u]t, _v.t._ to follow onwards or pursue, in order -to reach or accomplish: to continue: to pursue by law: to bring before a -court.--_v.i._ to carry on a legal prosecution.--_ns._ PROSEC[=U]'TION, the -act of prosecuting or pursuing, esp. a civil or criminal suit: the party by -which legal proceedings are instituted; PROS'EC[=U]TOR, one who prosecutes -or pursues any plan or business: one who carries on a civil or criminal -suit:--_fem._ PROS'EC[=U]TRIX.--PUBLIC PROSECUTOR, a person whose duty it -is to conduct prosecutions in the public interest. [L. _prosequi_--_pro_, -onwards, _sequi_, _secutus_, to follow.] - -PROSELYTE, pros'e-l[=i]t, _n._ one who has come over from one religion or -opinion to another: a convert, esp. one who left the heathen and joined a -Jewish community.--_v.t._ to convert.--_v.t._ PROS'ELYT[=I]SE, to make -proselytes.--_ns._ PROS'ELYT[=I]SER, one who proselytises; PROS'ELYTISM, -the act of proselytising or of making converts: conversion.--PROSELYTE OF -THE GATE, a convert who was not compelled to submit to the regulations of -the Mosaic law. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _pros[=e]lytos_--_proserchomai_, I come -to--_pros_, to, _erchomai_, _[=e]lthon_, to come.] - -PROSENCEPHALON, pros-en-sef'a-lon, _n._ the fore-brain, comprising the -cerebral hemispheres and olfactory processes.--_adj._ PROSENCEPHAL'IC. [Gr. -_pros_, before, _enkephalon_, the brain--_en_, in, _kephal[=e]_, the head.] - -PROSENCHYMA, pros-eng'ki-ma, _n._ the fibro-vascular system or tissue of -plants--opp. to _Parenchyma_, the soft tissues.--_adj._ PROSENCHYM'ATOUS. -[Gr. _pros_, to, _enchyma_, an infusion.] - -PROSEUCHE, (-A), pros-[=u]'k[=e], (-k[:a]), _n._ a place of prayer: among -the Jews one that was not a synagogue, or the temple, usually -roofless:--_pl._ PROSEU'CHAE. [Gr. _pros_, towards, _euchesthai_, to pray.] - -PROSILIENCY, pr[=o]-sil'i-en-si, _n._ a standing forward. - -PROSIT, pr[=o]'sit, _interj._ good luck to you, a salutation in drinking -healths customary among German students. [3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of -_prodesse_, to be of use--_pro_, for, _esse_, to be.] - -PROSOBRANCHIATA, pros-[=o]-brangk-i-[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ an order or sub-class -of gasteropods having the gills anterior to the heart.--_adj._ -PROSOBRANCH'I[=A]TE. [Gr. _pros[=o]_, forward, _branchia_, gills.] - -PROSODY, pros'[=o]-di, _n._ that part of grammar which treats of quantity, -accent, and the laws of verse or versification.--_adjs._ PROS[=O]'DIAL, -PROSOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to prosody: according to the rules of -prosody.--_ns._ PROS[=O]'DIAN, PROS'ODIST, one skilled in prosody.--_adv._ -PROSOD'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L. _pros[=o]dia_, Gr. _pros[=o]dia_--_pros_, to, -_[=o]d[=e]_, a song.] - -PROSOPOPEIA, PROSOPOPOEIA, pros-[=o]-p[=o]-p[=e]'ya, _n._ a rhetorical -figure by which inanimate objects are spoken of as persons: -personification. [Gr. _pros[=o]popoiia_--_pros[=o]pon_, a person, _poiein_, -to make.] - -PROSOPULMONATA, pros-[=o]-pul-m[=o]-n[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ a group of -air-breathing gasteropods in which the pulmonary sac occupies a forward -position.--_adj._ PROSOPUL'MON[=A]TE. [Gr. _pros[=o]_, forward, L. _pulmo_, -a lung.] - -PROSPECT, pros'pekt, _n._ a looking forward: that which the eye takes in at -once: a view: object of view: a scene: expectation: a long, straight, wide -street: outlook, exposure.--_v.i._ PROSPECT', to make a search, esp. for -chances of mining for precious metals.--_ns._ PROSPEC'TER, -OR, one who -explores for valuable minerals; PROSPEC'TING, searching a district for gold -or silver mines with a view to further operations; PROSPEC'TION, the act of -looking forward or of providing for future wants.--_adj._ PROSPEC'TIVE, -looking forward: expected: acting with foresight: relating to the future: -distant.--_n._ outlook: prospect.--_adv._ PROSPEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ -PROSPEC'TIVENESS; PROSPEC'TUS, the outline of any plan submitted for public -approval, particularly of a literary work or of a joint-stock concern. [L. -_prospectus_--_prospic[)e]re_, _prospectum_--_pro_, forward, _spec[)e]re_, -to look.] - -PROSPER, pros'p[.e]r, _v.t._ to make fortunate or happy: (_B._) to make to -prosper.--_v.i._ to be successful: to succeed: to turn out well.--_n._ -PROSPER'ITY, the state of being prosperous: success: good fortune.--_adj._ -PROS'PEROUS, according to hope: in accordance with one's wishes: making -good progress: favourable: successful.--_adv._ PROS'PEROUSLY.--_n._ -PROS'PEROUSNESS. [L. _prosper_, _prosperus_--_pro_, in accordance with, -_spes_, hope.] - -PROSPHYSIS, pros'-fi-sis, _n._ morbid adhesion of the eyelids to each other -or to the eyeball. [Gr.] - -PROSTATE, pros't[=a]t, _adj._ standing in front, applied to a gland in -males at the neck of the bladder.--_n._ the gland at the neck of the -bladder.--_adj._ PROSTAT'IC.--_n._ PROSTAT[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the -prostate gland. [Gr. _prostat[=e]s_--_pro_, before, _sta_, root of -_hist[=e]mi_, I set up.] - -PROSTHENIC, pros-then'ik, _adj._ strong in the fore-parts. - -PROSTHESIS, pros'the-sis, _n._ addition, affixion, as of letters at the -beginning of a word: the fitting of artificial parts to the body.--_adj._ -PROSTHET'IC. [Gr.] - -PROSTITUTE, pros'ti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to expose for sale for bad ends: to sell -to lewdness: to devote to any improper purpose.--_adj._ openly devoted to -lewdness: sold to wickedness.--_n._ a female who indulges in lewdness, esp. -for hire, a whore: a base hireling.--_ns._ PROSTIT[=U]'TION, the act or -practice of prostituting: lewdness for hire: the being devoted to infamous -purposes; PROS'TIT[=U]TOR, one who prostitutes either himself or another. -[L. _prostitu[)e]re_, _-[=u]tum_--_pro_, before, _statu[)e]re_, to place.] - -PROSTRATE, pros'tr[=a]t, _adj._ thrown forwards on the ground: lying at -length: lying at mercy: bent in adoration.--_v.t._ to throw forwards on the -ground: to lay flat: to overthrow: to sink totally: to bow in humble -reverence.--_n._ PROSTR[=A]'TION, act of throwing down or laying flat: act -of falling down in adoration: dejection: complete loss of strength. [L. -_pro_, forwards, _stern[)e]re_, _stratum_, to strew.] - -PROSTYLE, pr[=o]'st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) having a range of detached -columns in front. - -PROSY. See PROSE. - -PROSYLLOGISM, pr[=o]-sil'[=o]-jizm, _n._ a syllogism of which the -conclusion is the premise of another. - -PROTACTIC, pr[=o]-tak'tik, _adj._ placed at the beginning, introductory. - -PROTAGONIST, pr[=o]-tag'on-ist, _n._ a leading character, esp. in a -play.--_n._ PR[=O]'TAGON, a nitrogenous substance obtained from the brain -and other tissues. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _ag[=o]nist[=e]s_, a -combatant.] - -PROTAMOEBA, pr[=o]-ta-m[=e]'ba, _n._ a low form of the _Monera_, which is -constantly changing its form by sending out and withdrawing pseudopodia. - -PRO TANTO, pr[=o] tan'to, for so much: to a certain extent: to the extent -mentioned. - -PROTASIS, prot'a-sis, _n._ (_rhet._) the first part of a conditional -sentence--opp. to _Apodosis_: the first part of a dramatic -composition.--_adj._ PROTAT'IC. [Gr.,--_pro_, before, _tasis_, a -stretching, _teinein_, to stretch.] - -PROTEAN, pr[=o]'t[=e]-an, _adj._ readily assuming different shapes, like -_Proteus_, the sea-god, fabled to have the power of changing himself into -an endless variety of forms: variable: inconstant. - -PROTECT, pr[=o]-tekt', _v.t._ to cover in front: to cover over: to shield -from danger: to defend: to shelter.--_adv._ PROTEC'TINGLY.--_ns._ -PROTEC'TION, act of protecting: state of being protected: preservation: -defence: that which protects: guard: refuge: security: a writing -guaranteeing against molestation or interference: passport: a fostering of -home produce and manufactures by laying taxes on the importation of foreign -goods; PROTEC'TIONISM, the doctrine of the protectionists; PROTEC'TIONIST, -one who favours the protection of trade by law.--_adj._ favouring the -economic doctrine of protection.--_adj._ PROTEC'TIVE, affording protection: -defensive: sheltering.--_n._ that which protects.--_adv._ -PROTEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ PROTEC'TIVENESS; PROTEC'TOR, one who protects from -injury or oppression: a guardian: a regent:--_fem._ PROTEC'TRESS, -PROTEC'TRIX.--_adjs._ PROTEC'TORAL, PROTECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a -protector or a regent.--_n._ PROTEC'TOR[=A]TE, government by a protector: -the authority assumed by a superior: relation assumed by a strong nation to -a weak one, whereby the latter is protected from hostile or foreign -interference.--_adj._ PROTEC'TORLESS.--_ns._ PROTEC'TORSHIP; PROTEC'TORY, -an institution for destitute children. [L., _pro_, in front, _teg[)e]re_, -_tectum_, to cover.] - -PROT['E]G['E], pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', _n._ one under the protection of -another: a pupil: a ward:--_fem._ PROT['E]G['E]E. [Fr., pa.p. of -_prot['e]ger_, to protect--L. _proteg[)e]re_.] - -PROTEIN, pr[=o]'t[=e]-in, _n._ the first element in any compound: formerly -the supposed common radical of the group of bodies which form the most -essential articles of food, albumen, fibrine, &c.--_n._ PR[=O]'T[=E]ID, a -body containing protein: one of several bodies which go to make up the soft -tissues of animals and vegetables. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, suffix _-in_.] - -PRO TEMPORE, pr[=o] tem'po-r[=e], for the time being: temporary--sometimes -written _pro tem._--_adj._ PROTEMPOR[=A]'NEOUS, temporary. - -PROTEND, pr[=o]-tend', _v.t._ to stretch or hold out.--_ns._ PROTENSE' -(_Spens._), extension; PROTEN'SION, duration; PROTEN'SITY.--_adj._ -PROTEN'SIVE. [L.,--_pro_, forth, _tend[)e]re_, _tensum_, to stretch.] - -PROTEOLYTIC, pr[=o]-t[=e]-[=o]-lit'ik, _adj._ converting food material into -protein.--_n._ PROTEOL'YSIS. [_Proteid_, Gr. _lyein_, to relax.] - -PROTERANDRY, prot-e-ran'dri, _n._ the maturity of the anthers of a perfect -flower before its stigma is ready to receive the pollen.--_adj._ -PROTERAN'DROUS. - -PROTEROGLYPHA, prot-e-rog'li-fa, _n.pl._ a group of snakes having the -anterior maxillary teeth grooved. [Gr. _proteros_, fore, _glyphein_, to -carve.] - -PROTEROGYNY, prot-e-roj'i-ni, _n._ the maturity of the stigmas of a perfect -flower before its anthers have matured their pollen.--_adj._ -PROTEROG'YNOUS. - -PROTERVITY, pr[=o]-ter'vi-ti, _n._ peevishness, wantonness:--_pl._ -PROTER'VITIES. [O. Fr.,--L.,--_protervus_, wanton--_pro_, forth, -_ter[)e]re_, to bruise.] - -PROTEST, pr[=o]-test', _v.i._ to bear witness before others: to declare -openly: to give a solemn declaration of opinion (_against_).--_v.t._ to -make a solemn declaration of: to note, as a bill of exchange, on account of -non-acceptance or non-payment: (_rare_) to call as a witness: (_obs._) to -publish, make known: (_Shak._) to vow.--_n._ PR[=O]'TEST, a solemn or -formal declaration, esp. in writing, expressing dissent: the noting by a -notary-public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill: a written declaration, -usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss -or injury of ship or cargo, &c.--_adj._ PROT'ESTANT, protesting: pertaining -to the faith of those who protest against the errors of the Church of -Rome.--_n._ one of those who, in 1529, protested against an edict of -Charles V. and the Diet of Spires denouncing the Reformation: a member of -one of those churches founded by the Reformers: one who protests.--_v.t._ -PROT'ESTANTISE.--_ns._ PROT'ESTANTISM, the Protestant religion: state of -being a Protestant; PROTEST[=A]'TION, an act of protesting: a solemn -declaration: a declaration of dissent: a declaration in pleading; -PROT'EST[=A]TOR; PROTEST'ER.--_adv._ PROTEST'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. -_protest[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to bear witness in public--_pro_, before, -_test[=a]ri_--_testis_, a witness.] - -PROTEUS. See PROTEAN. - -PROTEVANGELIUM, pr[=o]-t[=e]-van-jel'i-um, _n._ the earliest announcement -of the gospel (Gen. iii. 15): an apocryphal gospel ascribed to James, -Jesus' brother. - -PROTHALAMIUM, pr[=o]-tha-l[=a]'mi-um, _n._ a piece written to celebrate a -marriage.--Also PROTHAL[=A]'MION. [Gr. _pro_, before, _thalamos_, a -bride-chamber.] - -PROTHALLIUM, pr[=o]-thal'i-um, _n._ the green, leaf-like, cellular -expansion which grows from the spore of a fern.--Also PROTHALL'US. [Gr. -_pro_, before, _thallus_, a young shoot.] - -PROTHESIS, proth'e-sis, _n._ in the Greek Church the preliminary oblation -of the eucharistic elements before the liturgy: the table used. -[Gr.,--_pro_, before, _tithenai_, to place.] - -PROTHONOTARY, pr[=o]-thon'[=o]-ta-ri, _n._ a chief notary or clerk: one of -the chief secretaries of the chancery at Rome: a chief clerk or registrar -of a court, in certain of the United States--also PROTON'OTARY.--_adj._ -PROTHONOT[=A]'RIAL.--_n._ PROTHONOT[=A]'RIAT, the college constituted by -the twelve apostolical prothonotaries in Rome. [Late L.,--Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, -first, L. _notarius_, a clerk.] - -PROTHORAX, pr[=o]-th[=o]'raks, _n._ the anterior segment of the thorax of -insects.--_adj._ PROTHORAC'IC (-ras-). - -PROTISTA, pr[=o]-tis'ta, _n.pl._ a proposed term for a zoological kingdom -including PROTOZOA and PROTOPHYTA. [Gr. _pr[=o]tistos_, superl. of -_pr[=o]tos_, first.] - -PROTOCOCCUS, pr[=o]-t[=o]-kok'us, _n._ a microscopic vegetable organism -forming the green scum upon trees, tiles, &c. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, -_kokkos_, a berry.] - -PROTOCOL, pr[=o]'t[=o]-kol, _n._ the first copy of any document: the rough -draft of an instrument or transaction: the original copy.--_v.i._ to issue, -form protocols.--_v.t._ to make a protocol of--also -PR[=O]'TOCOL[=I]SE.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOCOLIST, a registrar or clerk. [Fr.,--Low -L. _protocollum_--Late Gr. _pr[=o]tokollon_, the first leaf, containing the -writer's name, date, &c.--Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _kolla_, glue.] - -PROTOGENAL, pr[=o]-toj'e-nal, _adj._ primitive.--_n._ PROTOGEN'ESIS, -abiogenesis.--_adjs._ PROTOGENET'IC, PROTOGEN'IC, noting crystalline or -fire-formed rocks: noting intercellular spaces formed within -undifferentiated plant tissues.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOGINE, a variety of granite -in the Alps. - -PROTOMARTYR, pr[=o]'t[=o]-m[:a]r-t[.e]r, _n._ St Stephen, the first -Christian martyr: the first who suffers in any cause. - -PROTOPHYTE, pr[=o]'t[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ the first or lowest order of -plants.--_n.pl._ PROTOPH'YTA.--_adj._ PROTOPHYT'IC. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, -first, _phyton_, a plant.] - -PROTOPLASM, pr[=o]'t[=o]-plazm, _n._ living matter: a homogeneous, -structureless substance, forming the physical basis of life, endowed with -contractility, with a chemical composition allied to that of -albumen.--_adj._ PROTOPLASM'IC.--_n._ PR[=O]'TOPLAST, he who, or that -which, was first formed: an original: the first parent.--_adj._ -PROTOPLAST'IC. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _plasma_, form--_plassein_, to -form.] - -PROTOTHERIA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-th[=e]'ri-a, _n.pl._ the hypothetical primitive -mammals, ancestors of the monotremes. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _th[=e]r_, -wild beast.] - -PROTOTYPE, pr[=o]'t[=o]-t[=i]p, _n._ the first or original type or model -from which anything is copied: an exemplar: a pattern.--_adjs._ -PR[=O]'TOTYPAL, PR[=O]TOTYP'ICAL. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr., _pr[=o]tos_, first, -_typos_, a type.] - -PROTOVERTEBRAE, pr[=o]-t[=o]-ver'te-br[=e], _n.pl._ the rudimentary -segments formed in the vertebrate embryo from the medullary plates, from -which the bodies of the vertebrae, spinal nerve-roots, &c. are -developed.--_adjs._ PROTOVER'TEBRAL, PROTOVER'TEBRATE. - -PROTOXIDE, pr[=o]-tok's[=i]d, _n._ the first oxide--that is, an oxide -containing one equivalent of oxygen combined with one equivalent of a base. - -PROTOZOA, pr[=o]-t[=o]-z[=o]'[:a], _n.pl._ the first or lowest class of -animals:--_sing._ PROTOZ[=O]'ON.--_adjs._ PROTOZ[=O]'AN; PROTOZ[=O]'IC, -pertaining to the protozoa: containing remains of the earliest life of the -globe. [Gr. _pr[=o]tos_, first, _z[=o]on_, an animal.] - -PROTRACT, pr[=o]-trakt', _v.t._ to draw out or lengthen in time: to -prolong: to put off in time: to draw to a scale.--_p.adj._ PROTRAC'TED, -drawn out in time: tedious: prolonged: postponed.--_adv._ -PROTRAC'TEDLY.--_n._ PROTRAC'TER.--_adj._ PROTRAC'TILE, susceptible of -being thrust out.--_n._ PROTRAC'TION, act of protracting or prolonging: the -delaying of the termination of a thing: the plotting or laying down of the -dimensions of anything on paper.--_adj._ PROTRAC'TIVE, drawing out in time: -prolonging: delaying.--_n._ PROTRAC'TOR, one who, or that which, protracts: -a mathematical instrument for laying down angles on paper, used in -surveying, &c. [L.,--_pro_, forth, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] - -PROTRUDE, pr[=o]-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust or push forward: to drive -along: to put out.--_v.i._ to be thrust forward or beyond the usual -limit.--_adjs._ PROTRUD'ABLE, PROTRU'SILE, protractile; PROTRU'SIBLE, able -to be protruded.--_n._ PROTRU'SION, the act of thrusting forward or beyond -the usual limit: the state of being protruded: that which -protrudes.--_adj._ PROTRU'SIVE, thrusting or impelling forward: -protruding.--_adv._ PROTRU'SIVELY.--_n._ PROTRU'SIVENESS. [L. -_protrud[)e]re_--_pro_, forward, _trud[)e]re_, to thrust.] - -PROTUBERANCE, pr[=o]-t[=u]b'[.e]r-ans, _n._ a prominence: a tumour.--_adj._ -PROT[=U]'BERANT, swelling: prominent.--_adv._ PROT[=U]'BERANTLY.--_v.i._ -PROT[=U]'BER[=A]TE, to bulge out.--_n._ PROT[=U]BER[=A]'TION. [L. -_protuber[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_pro_, forward, _tuber_, a swelling.] - -PROUD, prowd (_comp._ PROUD'ER; _superl._ PROUD'EST), _adj._ having -excessive self-esteem: arrogant: haughty: having a proper sense of what is -becoming: daring: grand: ostentatious: giving reason for pride or -boasting.--_n._ PROUD'-FLESH, a growth or excrescence of flesh in a -wound.--_adjs._ PROUD'-HEART'ED (_Shak._), having a proud spirit; -PROUD'ISH, somewhat proud.--_adv._ PROUD'LY.--_adj._ PROUD'-MIND'ED -(_Shak._), proud in mind.--_n._ PROUD'NESS, the state or quality of being -proud: pride.--_adjs._ PROUD'-PIED (_Shak._), gorgeously variegated; -PROUD'-STOM'ACHED, of haughty spirit, arrogant. [A.S. _prut_, proud, -_pr['y]te_, pride.] - -PROVABLE, pr[=oo]v'a-bl, _adj._ that may be proved.--_n._ -PROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ PROV'ABLY, in a manner capable of proof. [O. Fr. -_provable_, _prouvable_--L. _probabilis_, probable.] - -PROVAND, prov'and, _n._ (_Shak._) provender: provision--also -PROV'END.--_adj._ PROV'ANT, belonging to a regular allowance: of common or -inferior quality. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _praebenda_, a payment, pittance.] - -PROVE, pr[=oo]v, _v.t._ to try by experiment or by a test or standard: to -make certain: to try by suffering: to establish or ascertain as truth by -argument or other evidence: to demonstrate: to ascertain the genuineness -of: to experience or suffer: (_math._) to ascertain the correctness of any -result.--_v.i._ to make trial: to turn out: to be shown afterwards.--_n._ -PROV'ER.--THE EXCEPTION PROVES THE RULE, the exception tests the rule, -proving its general truth. [O. Fr. _prover_ (Fr. _prouver_), which, like -A.S. _pr['o]fian_ and Ger. _proben_, is from L. _prob[=a]re_--_probus_, -excellent.] - -PROVECTION, pr[=o]-vek'shun, _n._ the transfer of the final consonant from -a word to the beginning of the next.--_n._ PR[=O]VEC'TOR (_math._), a -contravariant operator formed by substituting signs of partial -differentiation for the facients of a quantic. [L. _proveh[)e]re_, -_provectum_, to carry forward.] - -PROVEDOR, (-E), prov'edor, (-d[=o]r), _n._ a purveyor. [Sp.] - -PROVEN, prov'n, (_Scots law_) same as PROVED, _pa.p._ of PROVE.--NOT -PROVEN, a verdict declaring that guilt has not been fully made out, but -which leaves the accused still under serious suspicion. - -PROVENANCE, prov'e-nans, _n._ the source from which anything comes or is -derived.--Also PROV[=E]'NIENCE. [Fr.,--L. _pro_, forth, _ven[=i]re_, to -come.] - -PROVENCAL, pr[=o]-vang-sal', _adj._ of or pertaining to _Provence_, in -France, or to its inhabitants--also PROVEN'CIAL.--_n._ a native, or the -language of Provence, the _langue d'oc_ (q.v.). - -PROVENDER, prov'en-d[.e]r, _n._ dry food for beasts, as hay or corn: esp. a -mixture of meal and cut straw or hay.--_v.t._ to feed. [O. Fr.,--L. -_praebenda_, in Late L. a daily allowance of food.] - -PROVERB, prov'[.e]rb, _n._ a short familiar sentence expressing a -well-known truth or moral lesson: a byword: (_B._) a difficult saying that -requires explanation: (_pl._) a book of the Old Testament: a dramatic -composition in which a proverb gives name and character to the -plot.--_v.t._ to speak of proverbially: make a byword of: to provide with a -proverb.--_adj._ PROVER'BIAL, like or pertaining to proverbs: widely spoken -of.--_v.t._ PROVER'BIALISE, to turn into a proverb.--_ns._ PROVER'BIALISM, -a saying in the form of, or like, a proverb; PROVER'BIALIST.--_adv._ -PROVER'BIALLY. [Fr. _proverbe_--L. _proverbium_--_pro_, publicly, _verbum_, -a word.] - -PROVIDE, pr[=o]-v[=i]d', _v.t._ to make ready beforehand: to prepare for -future use: to supply: to appoint or give a right to a benefice before it -is actually vacant.--_v.i._ to procure supplies or means of defence: to -take measures: to arrange for as a necessary condition or -arrangement.--_adj._ PROV[=I]'DABLE.--_conj._ PROV[=I]'DED, (often with -_that_) on condition: upon these terms: with the understanding.--_n._ -PROV[=I]'DER. [L. _provid[=e]re_--_pro_, before, _vid[=e]re_, to see.] - -PROVIDENCE, prov'i-dens, _n._ timely preparation: (_theol._) the foresight -and care of God over all His creatures: God, considered in this relation: -something occurring in which God's care is clearly shown: prudence in -managing one's affairs.--_adjs._ PROV'IDENT, seeing beforehand, and -providing for the future: cautious: prudent: economical; PROVIDEN'TIAL, -effected by, or proceeding from, divine providence.--_advs._ -PROVIDEN'TIALLY; PROV'IDENTLY.--_n._ PROV'IDENTNESS. [L. _provid-ens_, -_-entis_, pr.p. of _provid[=e]re_.] - -PROVINCE, prov'ins, _n._ a portion of an empire or a state marked off for -purposes of government: a part of a country as distinguished from the -capital: the district over which a governor or an archbishop has -jurisdiction: a region: a business or duty: a person's business or calling: -a department of knowledge.--_adj._ PROVIN'CIAL, relating to a province: -belonging to a division of a country: local: showing the habits and manners -of a province: unpolished: narrow.--_n._ an inhabitant of a province or -country district: (_R.C._) the superintendent of the heads of the religious -houses in a province.--_v.t._ PROVIN'CIALISE, to render -provincial:--_pr.p._ provin'cial[=i]sing; _pa.p._ -provin'cial[=i]sed.--_ns._ PROVIN'CIALISM, a manner, a mode of speech, or a -turn of thought peculiar to a province or a country district: a local -expression: narrowness; PROVINCIAL'ITY.--_adv._ PROVIN'CIALLY.--PROVINCIAL -LETTERS, a series of letters written (1656-57) by Pascal against the -doctrines and policy of the Jesuits. [Fr.,--L. _provincia_, a province; -perh. _pro_, for, _vinc[)e]re_, to conquer.] - -PROVINCIAL, pr[=o]-vin'shal, _adj._ pertaining to _Provence_ or -_Provencal_.--PROVINCIAL ROSE, the cabbage-rose--from _Provins-rose_, -Provins in Seine-et-Marne, being famous for its roses: (_Shak._) a rosette -formerly worn on the shoe. - -PROVINE, pr[=o]-v[=i]n', _v.i._ to propagate a vine by layering, to form a -plant for the next season at a distance from the original plant. - -PROVISION, pr[=o]-vizh'un, _n._ act of providing: that which is provided or -prepared: measures taken beforehand: a clause in a law or a deed: a rule -for guidance: an appointment by the pope to a benefice not yet vacant: -preparation: previous agreement: a store of food: provender.--_v.t._ to -supply with provisions or food.--_adjs._ PROVI'SIONAL, PROVI'SIONARY, -provided for the occasion: temporary: containing a provision.--_n._ -PROVI'SIONAL-JUDG'MENT, a judgment given as far as the available evidence -admits, but subject to correction under more light.--_adv._ -PROVI'SIONALLY.--_ns._ PROVI'SIONAL-OR'DER, an order to do something -granted by a secretary of state, which, when confirmed by the legislature, -has the force of an act of parliament; PROVI'SIONAL-REM'EDY, a means of -detaining in safety a person or property until a decision upon some point -in which they are concerned be come to; PROVI'SION-MER'CHANT, a general -dealer in articles of food. [Fr.,--L.,--_provisus_, pa.p. of -_provid[=e]re_.] - -PROVISO, pr[=o]-v[=i]'z[=o], _n._ a provision or condition in a deed or -other writing: the clause containing it: any condition:--_pl._ PROVISOS -(pr[=o]-v[=i]'z[=o]z).--_adv._ PROV[=I]'SORILY.--_adj._ PROV[=I]'SORY, -containing a proviso or condition: conditional: making provision for the -time: temporary. [From the L. law phrase _proviso quod_, it being provided -that.] - -PROVISOR, pr[=o]-v[=i]'zor, _n._ one who provides: a purveyor: a person to -whom the pope has granted the right to the next vacancy in a -benefice.--STATUTE OF PROVISORS, an act of the English parliament passed in -1351 to prevent the pope from exercising the power of creating provisors. - -PROVOKE, pr[=o]-v[=o]k', _v.t._ to call forth: to summon: to excite or call -into action: to excite with anger: to offend: (_B._) to challenge.--_n._ -PROVOC[=A]'TION, act of provoking: that which provokes: any cause of -danger.--_adjs._ PROVOC'ATIVE, PROVOC'ATORY, tending to provoke or -excite.--_n._ anything that stirs up or provokes.--_n._ PROVOC'ATIVENESS, -the quality of being provocative.--_adj._ PROV[=O]'KABLE.--_ns._ -PROV[=O]KE'MENT (_Spens._), provocation; PROV[=O]'KER, one who, or that -which, provokes, causes, or promotes.--_adj._ PROV[=O]'KING, -irritating.--_adv._ PROV[=O]'KINGLY.--THE PROVOCATION, the sojourn of the -Jews in the wilderness, when they provoked God. [Fr. _provoquer_--L. -_provoc[=a]re_, _pro_, forth, _voc[=a]re_, to call.] - -PROVOST, prov'ost, _n._ the dignitary set over a cathedral or collegiate -church: the head of a college: (_Scotland_) the chief magistrate of certain -classes of burghs, answering to mayor in England: (_Shak._) the keeper of a -prison.--_ns._ PROV'OST-MAR'SHAL (_army_), an officer with special powers -for enforcing discipline and securing prisoners till brought to trial: -(_navy_) an officer having charge of prisoners; PROV'OSTRY, a district -under a provost; PROV'OSTSHIP, the office of a provost.--LORD PROVOST, the -style of the chief magistrates of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth, Aberdeen, and -Dundee. [O. Fr. _provost_ (Fr. _pr['e]v[^o]t_), L. _praepositus_, pa.p. of -_praepon[)e]re_--_prae_, over, _pon[)e]re_, to place.] - -PROW, prow, _n._ the forepart of a ship: the bow or beak. [Fr. _proue_ (It. -_prua_)--L. _prora_--Gr. _pr[=o]ra_, a prow--_pro_, before.] - -PROWESS, prow'es, _n._ bravery, esp. in war: valour: daring.--_adj._ PROW -(_arch._), brave, valiant:--_superl._ PROW'EST. [O. Fr. _prou_ (Fr. -_preux_), perh. from _prod_ in _prodesse_, to do good.] - -PROWL, prowl, _v.i._ to keep poking about: to rove about in search of prey -or plunder.--_n._ (_coll._) the act of prowling: a roving for prey.--_n._ -PROWL'ER.--_adj._ PROWL'ING.--_adv._ PROWL'INGLY. [Prob. for -_progle_=_prokle_, a freq. form of _proke_, to thrust; cf. _Prog._] - -PROXIMATE, proks'i-m[=a]t, _adj._ nearest or next: without any one between, -as a cause and its effect: having the most intimate connection: near and -immediate.--_adj._ PROX'IMAL.--_advs._ PROX'IMALLY; PROX'IMATELY.--_n._ -PROXIM'ITY, immediate nearness in time, place, relationship, &c.--_adj._ -PROX'IMO, (_in_) the next (month)--often written _prox._--PROXIMATE CAUSE, -a cause which immediately precedes the effect; PROXIMATE OBJECT, immediate -object. [L. _proximus_, next, superl. from _prope_, near.] - -PROXY, prok'si, _n._ the agency of one who acts for another: one who acts -or votes for another, or the writing by which he is authorised to do so: a -substitute.--_v.i._ to vote or act by proxy.--_n._ PROX'YSHIP.--_adj._ -PROX'Y-WED'DED (_Tenn._), wedded by proxy. [Obs. _procuracy_. Cf. -_Procurator_.] - -PROZYMITE, proz'i-m[=i]t, _n._ one who uses leavened bread in the -eucharist--opp. to _Azymite_. - -PRUDE, pr[=oo]d, _n._ a woman of affected modesty: one who pretends extreme -propriety.--_n._ PRU'DERY, manners of a prude: pretended or overdone -strictness of manner or behaviour.--_adj._ PRU'DISH, like a prude: -affectedly modest or reserved: stiff: severe.--_adv._ PRU'DISHLY.--_n._ -PRU'DISHNESS. [O. Fr. _prode_, fem. of _prou_, _prod_, excellent.] - -PRUDENT, pr[=oo]'dent, _adj._ cautious and wise in conduct: careful: -discreet: dictated by forethought: frugal.--_n._ PRU'DENCE, quality of -being prudent: wisdom applied to practice: attention to self-interest: -caution.--_adj._ PRUDEN'TIAL, using or practising prudence.--_n._ a matter -for prudence (generally _pl._).--_n._ PRUDENTIAL'ITY.--_advs._ -PRUDEN'TIALLY; PRU'DENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _pr[=u]dens_, _pr[=u]dentis_, contr. -of _providens_, pr.p. of _provid[=e]re_, to foresee.] - -PRUD'-HOMME, pr[=oo]-dom', _n._ a prudent man: a skilled workman: in -France, one of a board of arbitrators formed from masters and workmen. [Fr. -_prud_ or _prod_, good, _homme_, a man.] - -PRUINOSE, pr[=oo]'i-n[=o]s, _adj._ powdery, mealy.--Also PRU'INOUS. [L. -_pruina_, hoar-frost.] - -PRUNE, pr[=oo]n, _v.t._ to trim by lopping off superfluous parts: to divest -of anything superfluous: to arrange or dress feathers, as birds do.--_ns._ -PRU'NER; PRU'NING, the act of pruning or trimming; PRU'NING-HOOK, a hooked -bill for pruning with; PRU'NING-KNIFE, a large knife with a slightly hooked -point for pruning.--_n.pl._ PRU'NING-SHEARS, shears for pruning shrubs, &c. -[Older form _proin_, prob. from Fr. _provigner_, _provin_, a shoot--L. -_propago_, _-inis_.] - -PRUNE, pr[=oo]n, _n._ a plum, esp. a dried plum.--_adj._ PRUNIF'EROUS, -bearing plums. [Fr.,--L. _prunum_--Gr. _prounon_.] - -PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ sore throat: angina pectoris. [Low L., from -Teut.; Ger. _br[:a]une_, quinsy.] - -PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ a genus of plants, the best known of which is -_Self-heal_, formerly used as a medicine. [Perh. from _prunella_, above.] - -PRUNELLA, pr[=oo]-nel'a, _n._ a strong woollen stuff, generally black--also -PRUNELL'O.--_n._ PRUNELL'O, a little prune: a kind of dried plum. [Prob. -Latinised form of Fr. _prunelle_, a sloe, dim. of Fr. _prune_, a plum.] - -PRURIENCE, pr[=oo]'ri-ens, _n._ state of being prurient: eager desire--also -PRU'RIENCY.--_adj._ PRU'RIENT, itching or uneasy with desire: given to -unclean thoughts.--_adv._ PRU'RIENTLY. [L. _pruriens_, pr.p. of -_prur[=i]re_, to itch.] - -PRURIGO, pr[=oo]-r[=i]'g[=o], _n._ an eruption on the skin, causing great -itching.--_adj._ PRURIG'INOUS.--_n._ PRUR[=I]'TUS. [L. _prurio_, an -itching.] - -PRUSSIAN, prush'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Prussia_.--_n._ an -inhabitant of Prussia.--_v.t._ PRUSS'IANISE.--_n._ PRUSS'IATE, a salt of -prussic acid: a cyanide.--_adj._ PRUSS'IC, pertaining to Prussian -blue.--PRUSSIAN BLUE, cyanide of potassium and iron; PRUSSIC ACID, a deadly -poison, an acid first obtained from Prussian blue--also _Hydrocyanic acid_. - -PRY, pr[=i], _v.i._ to peer or peep into that which is closed: to inspect -closely: to try to discover with curiosity:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -pried.--_n._ (_rare_) a peeping glance: one who pries--cf. _Paul Pry_, in -John Poole's (1792-1879) comedy so called, first produced in 1825.--_ns._ -PR[=I]'ER, PRY'ER.--_p.adj._ PRY'ING, looking closely into: inquisitive: -curious.--_adv._ PRY'INGLY. [M. E. _prien_=_piren_, to peer; cf. _Peer_.] - -PRYS, pr[=i]s, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as PRICE. - -PRYSE, pr[=i]s, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as PRIZE. - -PRYTANEUM, prit-an-[=e]'um, _n._ the town-hall of an ancient Greek city -where ambassadors were received, and citizens who had deserved well of the -state were sometimes allowed to dine at the public expense. -[Gr.,--_prytanis_, a presiding magistrate.] - -PRYTHEE, prith'[=e] (_Shak._). Same as _Prithee_. - -PSALM, s[:a]m, _n._ a sacred song.--_ns._ PSALM'-BOOK, a book containing -psalms for purposes of worship; _Psalmist_ (s[:a]m'ist, or sal'mist), a -composer of psalms, applied to David and to the writers of the Scriptural -psalms.--_adjs._ PSALMOD'IC, -AL, pertaining to psalmody.--_v.i._ -PSAL'MODISE, to practise psalmody.--_ns._ PSAL'MODIST, a singer of psalms; -PSALMODY (sal'mo-di, or s[:a]m'o-di), the singing of psalms, esp. in public -worship: psalms collectively.--_v.t._ to celebrate in psalms.--_ns._ -PSALMOG'RAPHER, PSALMOG'RAPHIST, a writer of psalms; PSALMOG'RAPHY, the act -or practice of writing psalms; PSALM'-TUNE, a tune to which a psalm is -usually sung.--THE PSALMS, one of the books of the Old Testament. [A.S. -_sealm_--Low L. _psalmus_--Gr. _psalmos_--_psallein_, to play on a stringed -instrument.] - -PSALTER, sawl't[.e]r, _n._ the book of Psalms, esp. when separately -printed: (_R.C._) a series of 150 devout sentences: a rosary of 150 beads, -according to the number of the psalms.--_adj._ PSALT[=E]'RIAN, pertaining -to a psalter: musical.--_ns._ PSAL'TERY, a stringed instrument used by the -Jews: psalter; PSAL'TRESS, a woman who plays upon the psaltery. [O. Fr. -_psaltier_--L. _psalterium_, a song sung to the psaltery.] - -PSALTERIUM, sawl-t[=e]'ri-um, _n._ the third division of a ruminant's -stomach, the omasum or manyplies. - -PSAMMITIC, sa-mit'ik, _adj._ in geology, applied to derivative rocks -composed of rounded grains, as ordinary sandstone. [Gr. _psammos_, sand.] - -PSCHENT, pshent, _n._ the sovereign crown of ancient Egypt, a combination -of the white mitre of southern Egypt, with the red crown, square in front -and pointed behind, of northern Egypt. [Egyptian.] - -PSELLISM, sel'izm, _n._ a defect in articulation--also PSELLIS'MUS. [Gr. -_psellismos_--_psellos_, stammering.] - -PSEUDO-, s[=u]'d[=o], a prefix signifying false or spurious, as in _ns._ -PSEUDAESTH[=E]'SIA, imaginary feeling, as in an amputated limb; -PSEUDEPIG'RAPHA (_pl._), spurious writings, especially those writings -claiming to be Biblical, but not judged genuine or canonical by the consent -of scholars.--_adjs._ PSEUDEPIGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ PSEUDEPIG'RAPHY, the -ascription to books of false names of authors.--_n._ PSEU'DO-APOS'TLE, a -pretended apostle.--_adj._ PSEU'DO-ARCH[=A]'IC, archaistic.--_ns._ -PSEUDOBLEP'SIS, visual illusion; PSEU'DO-CHRISTIAN'ITY, counterfeit -Christianity; PSEUDOCHR[=O]'MIA, false perception of colour; -PSEU'DO-CLAS'SICISM, false or affected classicism.--_adjs._ PSEU'DODONT, -having false teeth, as a monotreme; PSEU'DODOX, false.--_n._ a common -fallacy.--_ns._ PSEUDOGEU'SIA, false taste-perception; PSEU'DOGRAPH, a -false writing.--_v.i._ PSEUDOG'RAPHISE, to write incorrectly.--_ns._ -PSEUDOG'RAPHY, bad spelling; PSEUDOL'OGY, the science of lying; -PSEU'DO-MAR'TYR, a false martyr; PSEUDOMEM'BRANE, a false membrane, or -lining, as in some diseases of the throat.--_adj._ PSEUDOMEM'BRANOUS.--_n._ -PSEU'DOMORPH.--_adj._ PSEUDOMOR'PHOUS, deceptive in form: (_min._) noting -crystals which have a form of crystallisation foreign to the species to -which they belong.--_ns._ PSEU'DONYM, a fictitious name assumed, as by an -author; PSEUDONYM'ITY, state of being pseudonymous.--_adj._ PSEUDON'YMOUS, -bearing a fictitious name.--_adv._ PSEUDON'YMOUSLY.--_n.pl._ -PSEUDOP[=O]'DIA, the processes alternately thrust forth and drawn back by -amoeboid cells:--_sing._ PSEUDOP[=O]'DIUM, PSEU'DOPOD.--_n._ PSEU'DOSCOPE, -a species of stereoscope which causes the parts of bodies in relief to -appear hollow, and _vice vers[^a]_.--_adj._ PSEUDOSCOP'IC.--_n._ -PSEU'DOSCOPY. [Gr. _pseud[=e]s_, false.] - -PSHAW, shaw, _interj._ expressing contempt.--_v.i._ to express contempt, as -with this word. [Imit.] - -PSHAW, shaw, _n._ an upright cylindrical hat once worn by women in Spain. - -PSILANTHROPISM, s[=i]-lan'thr[=o]-pizm, _n._ the doctrine or belief of the -mere human existence of Christ.--_adj._ PSILANTHROP'IC.--_ns._ -PSILAN'THROPIST, one who thinks Christ a mere man; PSILAN'THROPY. [Gr. -_psilos_, bare, _anthr[=o]pos_, man.] - -PSITTACI, sit'a-s[=i], _n.pl._ the parrot tribe.--_adjs._ PSIT'TACINE, -PSITT[=A]'CEOUS. [Gr. _psittakos_.] - -PSOAS, s[=o]'as, _n._ a muscle of the loins and pelvis: the -tenderloin.--_adj._ PSOAT'IC. [Gr. _psoa_, _psua_, generally in pl. -_psoai_, _psuai_.] - -PSORIASIS, s[=o]-r[=i]'a-sis, _n._ a disease characterised by slight -elevations of the surface of the skin covered with whitish scales.--_n._ -PS[=O]'RA.--_adj._ PS[=O]'RIC. [Gr. _ps[=o]ri[=a]n_, to have the itch, -_ps[=a]n_, to rub.] - -PSYCHIC, -AL, s[=i]'kik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the soul, or living -principle in man: spiritual: pertaining to the mind, or to its faculties -and functions.--_ns._ PSY'CHE, the personified soul or spirit: the human -soul or spirit or mind: a genus of bombycid moths: a cheval-glass; -PSYCH[=I]'ATER, PSYCH[=I]'ATRIST, one who treats diseases of the mind, an -alienist; PSYCH[=I]'ATRY, the treatment of mental diseases; PSY'CHIC, a -spiritualistic medium; PSY'CHICS, the science of psychology; PSY'CHISM, the -doctrine that there is a universal soul animating all living beings; -PSY'CHIST; PSYCHOGEN'ESIS, PSYCHOG'ENY, the origination and development of -the soul; PSYCHOG'ONY, the doctrine of the development of mind; -PSY'CHOGRAPH, an instrument used for so-called spirit-writing.--_adj._ -PSYCHOGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PSYCHOG'RAPHY, the natural history of mind: supposed -spirit-writing by the hand of a medium.--_adjs._ PSYCHOLOG'IC, -AL, -pertaining to psychology: pertaining to the mind.--_adv._ -PSYCHOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ PSYCHOL'OGISE.--_ns._ PSYCHOL'OGIST, one who -studies psychology; PSYCHOL'OGY, the science which classifies and analyses -the phenomena or varying states of the human mind; PSYCHOM'ACHY, a conflict -of soul with body; PSY'CHOMANCY, necromancy; PSYCHOM'ETRY, the science of -the measurement of the duration, &c., of mental processes: an occult power -claimed by some charlatans of divining the secret properties of things by -mere contact.--_adj._ PSY'CHOM[=O]TOR, pertaining to such mental action as -induces muscular contraction.--_ns._ PSYCHONEUROL'OGY, that part of -neurology which deals with mental action; PSYCHONEUR[=O]'SIS, mental -disease without apparent anatomical lesion; PSYCHON'OMY, the science of the -laws of mental action; PSYCHONOSOL'OGY, the branch of medical science that -treats of mental diseases; PSYCHOPAN'NYCHISM, the theory that at death the -soul falls asleep till the resurrection; PSYCHOPAN'NYCHIST; PSYCHOPAR'ESIS, -mental weakness; PSY'CHOPATH, a morally irresponsible person; -PSYCHOP'ATHIST, an alienist; PSYCHOP'ATHY, derangement of mental -functions.--_adj._ PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICAL.--_ns._ PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICIST; -PSY'CHO-PHYSIOL'OGY, PSY'CHO-PHYS'ICS, the knowledge of the manifold -correspondences of the most intimate and exact kind that exist between -states and changes of consciousness on the one hand, and states and changes -of brain on the other--the concomitance being apparently complete as -respects complexity, intensity, and time-order; PSY'CHOPLASM, the physical -basis of consciousness; PSY'CHOPOMP, Hermes, the guide of spirits to the -other world; PSYCH[=O]'SIS, mental condition: a change in the field of -consciousness: any mental disorder; PSYCHOST[=A]'SIA, the weighing of -souls; PSY'CHO-STAT'ICS, the theory of the conditions of the phenomena of -mind; PSYCHOTH[=E]'ISM, the doctrine that God is pure spirit; -PSYCHOTHERAPEU'TICS, PSYCHOTHER'APY, the art of curing mental -disease.--PSYCHICAL RESEARCH, inquiring into alleged phenomena, apparently -implying a connection with another world; PSYCHIC FORCE, a power not -physical or mechanical, supposed to cause certain so-called spiritualistic -phenomena. [L. _psychicus_--Gr. _psychikos_--_psych[=e]_, the -soul--_psych[=e]in_, to breathe.] - -PSYCHROMETER, s[=i]-krom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the -tension of aqueous vapour in the atmosphere: a wet and dry bulb -hygrometer.--_adjs._ PSYCHROMET'RIC, -AL.--_ns._ PSYCHROM'ETRY; -PSYCHROPH[=O]'BIA, morbid impressibility to cold; PSY'CHROPHORE, a -refrigerating instrument like a catheter for cooling the urethra. [Gr. -_psychros_, cold, _psychein_, to blow, _metron_, a measure.] - -PTARMIC, tar'mik, _n._ a medicine which causes sneezing. - -PTARMIGAN, t[:a]r'mi-gan, _n._ a species of grouse with feathered toes -inhabiting the tops of mountains. [Gael. _tarmachan_.] - -PTERE, t[=e]r, _n._ (_zool._) an alate organ.--_ns._ PTERID'IUM, -PTER[=O]'DIUM, a key-fruit or samara. - -PTERICHTHYS, ter-ik'this, _n._ a genus of fossil ganoid fishes in the Old -Red Sandstone strata, with wing-like pectoral fins. [Gr. _pteron_, wing, -_ichthys_, fish.] - -PTERION, t[=e]'ri-on, _n._ in craniometry, the region where the frontal, -squamosal, parietal, and sphenoid bones meet:--_pl._ PT[=E]'RIA. - -PTERIS, t[=e]'ris, _n._ a genus of ferns which includes the brakes.--_ns._ -PTERIDOL'OGIST, one versed in the study of ferns; PTERIDOL'OGY, the science -of ferns; PTERIDOM[=A]'NIA, a passion for ferns; PTERIG'RAPHY, a -description of ferns. [Gr. _pteris_--_pteron_, a feather.] - -PTERNA, ter'na, _n._ the heel-pad in birds:--_pl._ PTER'NAE. - -PTERODACTYL, ter-[=o]-dak'til, _n._ an extinct flying reptile with large -and bird-like skull, long jaws, and a flying-membrane like that of a bat. -[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _daktylos_, finger.] - -PTEROGRAPHY, ter-og'ra-fi, _n._ the description of feathers.--_n._ -PTEROG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ PTEROGRAPH'IC, -AL; PTEROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ -PTEROL'OGY, the science of insects' wings. - -PTEROMYS, ter'[=o]-mis, _n._ a genus of _Sciuridae_, the flying-squirrels. - -PTERON, t[=e]'ron, _n._ a range of columns, portico.--_n._ PTER[=O]'MA, a -peridrome: a side-wall. [Gr.] - -PTEROPE, ter'[=o]p, _n._ a fruit-bat or flying-fox. - -PTEROPOD, ter'[=o]-pod, _n._ one of a class of molluscs which move about by -means of wing-like appendages attached to the sides of the head, which are -not, however, homologous to the foot of other molluscs:--_pl._ PTEROP'ODA. -[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _pous_, _podos_, foot.] - -PTEROSAURIA, ter-[=o]-saw'ri-a, _n.pl._ a group of extinct flying reptiles. -[Gr. _pteron_, wing, _sauros_, lizard.] - -PTERYGOID, ter'i-goid, _n._ one of a pair of bones in the facial apparatus -of some vertebrata behind the palatines, known in human anatomy as the -pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone.--_adj._ aliform or alate.--_adj._ -PTERYG'IAN.--_n._ PTERYG'IUM, a generalised limb of a vertebrate. - -PTERYLAE, ter'i-l[=e], _n.pl._ the bands of contour feathers in -birds.--_adjs._ PTERYLOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PTERYLOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ -PTERYLOG'RAPHY. - -PTILOSIS, t[=i]-l[=o]'sis, _n._ plumage or mode of feathering of a -bird.--Also PTERYL[=O]'SIS. [Gr. _ptilon_, a feather.] - -PTISAN, tiz'an, _n._ a medicinal drink made from barley with other -ingredients. [Gr. _ptisan[=e]_, peeled barley, barley-water--_ptissein_, to -peel.] - -PTOCHOCRACY, t[=o]-kok'ra-si, _n._ the rule of paupers.--_n._ PTOCHOG'ONY, -the production of beggars--wholesale pauperisation. [Gr. _pt[=o]chos_, a -beggar.] - -PTOLEMAIC, tol-e-m[=a]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the race of Egyptian kings -called the _Ptolemies_: pertaining to _Ptolemy_ the astronomer (of the 2d -century)--also PTOLEMAE'AN.--_n._ PTOLEM[=A]'IST, one who believes in the -Ptolemaic system of astronomy.--PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM, the method by which -Ptolemy, the astronomer, explained the structure of the heavens and the -motions of the heavenly bodies (139 A.D.). - -PTOMAINE, t[=o]'ma-in, _n._ a somewhat loosely used generic name for those -bodies, usually poisonous, formed from animal tissues during -putrefaction--_putrescine_, _cadaverine_, _creatinin_, _neurin_, _choline_, -_muscarine_, &c.--Also PT[=O]'MAIN. [Gr. _pt[=o]ma_, a corpse--_piptein_, -to fall.] - -PTOSIS, t[=o]'sis, _n._ inability to raise the upper eyelid. -[Gr.,--_piptein_, to fall.] - -PTYALIN, -E, t[=i]'a-lin, _n._ the nitrogenous essential principle of -saliva.--_v.i._ PTY'ALISE, to salivate.--_n._ PTY'ALISM, -salivation.--_adj._ PTYALOGOG'IC.--_ns._ PTYAL'OGOGUE, PTYS'MAGOGUE, a -medicine which causes salivation. [Gr.,--_ptuein_, to spit.] - -PUB, pub, _n._ (_slang_) a public-house, tavern. - -PUBERTY, p[=u]'b[.e]r-ti, _n._ the age of full development: early manhood -or womanhood: the period when a plant begins to flower.--_adjs._ -P[=U]'BERAL; P[=U]BER'ULENT, covered with very fine downy hairs.--_ns._ -P[=U]'BES, the pubic region, the hair growing thereon at puberty; -P[=U]BES'CENCE, state of one arrived at puberty: (_bot_.) the soft, short -hair on plants.--_adj._ P[=U]BES'CENT, arriving at puberty: (_bot._, -_zool._) covered with soft, short hair; PUBIG'EROUS, pubescent. [Fr. -_pubert['e]_--L. _pubertas_, _-tatis_--_pubes_, _puber_, grown up.] - -PUBIS, p[=u]'bis, _n._ a bone of the pelvis which in man forms the anterior -portion of the _os innominatum_.--_adjs._ P[=U]'BIC; PUBOFEM'ORAL; -P[=U]'BO-IL'IAC; P[=U]'BO-IS'CHIAC; PUBOPROSTAT'IC; P[=U]'BO-UR[=E]'THRAL; -PUBOVES'ICAL. [For _os pubis_, gen. of _pubes_, grown up.] - -PUBLIC, pub'lik, _adj._ of or belonging to the people: pertaining to a -community or a nation: general: common to or shared in by all: generally -known.--_n._ the people: the general body of mankind: the people, -indefinitely: a public-house, tavern.--_ns._ PUB'LICAN, the keeper of an -inn or public-house: (_orig_.) a farmer-general of the Roman taxes: a -tax-collector; PUBLIC[=A]'TION, the act of publishing or making public: a -proclamation: the act of printing and sending out for sale, as a book: that -which is published as a book, &c.--_ns.pl._ PUB'LIC-BILLS, -LAWS, &c., -bills, laws, &c. which concern the interests of the whole people; -PUB'LIC-FUNDS, money lent to government for which interest is paid of a -stated amount at a stated time.--_ns._ PUB'LIC-HOUSE, a house open to the -public: one chiefly used for selling beer and other liquors: an inn or -tavern; PUB'LIC-INSTIT[=U]'TION, an institution kept up by public funds for -the public use, as an educational or charitable foundation; PUB'LICIST, one -who writes on or is skilled in public law, or on current political topics; -PUBLIC'ITY, the state of being public or open to the knowledge of all: -notoriety; PUB'LIC-LAW (see INTERNATIONAL).--_adv._ PUB'LICLY.--_adjs._ -PUB'LIC-MIND'ED, -SPIR'ITED, having a spirit actuated by regard to the -public interest: with a regard to the public interest.--_ns._ PUB'LICNESS; -PUB'LIC-OPIN'ION, the view which the people of a district or county take of -any question of public interest; PUB'LIC-POL'ICY, the main principles or -spirit upon which the law of a country is constructed; PUB'LIC-SPIR'IT, a -strong desire and effort to work on behalf of the public interest.--_adv._ -PUB'LIC-SPIR'ITEDLY.--_n._ PUB'LIC-SPIR'ITEDNESS.--_n.pl._ PUB'LIC-WORKS, -permanent works or improvements made for public use or benefit.--PUBLIC -HEALTH, the department in any government, municipality, &c. which -superintends sanitation; PUBLIC HOLIDAY, a general holiday ordained by -parliament; PUBLIC LANDS, lands belonging to government, esp. such as are -open to sale, grant, &c.; PUBLIC ORATOR, an officer of English universities -who is the voice of the Senate upon all public occasions; PUBLIC SCHOOL -(see SCHOOL).--IN PUBLIC, in open view. [Fr.,--L. _publicus_--_populus_, -the people.] - -PUBLISH, pub'lish, _v.t._ to make public: to divulge: to announce: to -proclaim: to send forth to the public: to print and offer for sale: to put -into circulation.--_adj._ PUB'LISHABLE.--_ns._ PUB'LISHER, one who makes -public: one who publishes books; PUB'LISHMENT, publication, esp. of banns. - -PUCE, p[=u]s, _adj._ brownish-purple. [Fr. _puce_--L. _pulex_, -_pul[)i]cis_, a flea.] - -PUCELLE, p[=u]-sel', _n._ a maid, virgin, esp. the Maid of Orleans, Jeanne -d'Arc (1412-31): a wanton girl.--_n._ P[=U]'CELAGE, virginity. [O. Fr. -through Low L.,--L. _pullus_, a young animal.] - -PUCK, puk, _n._ a goblin or mischievous sprite: a merry fairy in _Midsummer -Night's Dream_.--_adj._ PUCK'ISH. [M. E. _pouke_--Celt., as Ir. _puca_, W. -_pwca_, _bwg_; conn. with Ice. _p['u]ki_. Cf. _Pug_, _Bug_.] - -PUCKA, puk'a, _adj._ durable, substantial--opp. to _Cutcha_. [Anglo-Ind.] - -PUCK-BALL. Same as PUFF-BALL. - -PUCKER, puk'[.e]r, _v.t._ to gather into folds: to wrinkle.--_n._ a fold or -wrinkle: a number of folds or wrinkles, esp. irregular ones: (_coll._) -agitation, confusion.--_adj._ PUCK'ERY, astringent: tending to wrinkle. -[Cf. _Poke_, a bag, and _Pock_.] - -PUD, pud, _n._ (_coll._) a paw, fist, hand. [Perh. Dut. _poot_, paw.] - -PUDDENING, pud'ning, _n._ a thick pad of rope, &c., used as a fender on the -bow of a boat. - -PUDDER, pud'[.e]r, _n._ a pother, a bustle, a tumult.--_v.i._ to make a -tumult or bustle.--_v.t._ to disturb: to perplex or confound. [_Pother._] - -PUDDING, p[=oo]d'ing, _n._ a skin or gut filled with seasoned minced meat, -&c., a sausage: a soft kind of food made of flour, milk, eggs, &c.: a piece -of good fortune.--_adjs._ PUDD'ING-FACED, having a fat, round, smooth face; -PUDD'ING-HEAD'ED (_coll._), stupid.--_ns._ PUDD'ING-PIE, a pudding with -meat baked in it; PUDD'ING-SLEEVE, a large loose sleeve; PUDD'ING-STONE, a -conglomerate rock made up of rounded pebbles; PUDD'ING-TIME, dinner-time: -(_obs._) critical time. [Prob. Celt., as W. _poten_, Ir. _putog_--_put_, a -bag. The Low Ger. _pudding_, Fr. _boudin_, L. _botulus_, are prob. all -related words.] - -PUDDLE, pud'l, _n._ an ill-shaped, awkward person. [Cf. Low Ger. _purrel_, -something short and thick.] - -PUDDLE, pud'l, _n._ a small pool of muddy water: a mixture of clay and -sand.--_v.t._ to make muddy: to stir up mud: to make water-tight by means -of clay: to convert into bar or wrought iron.--_v.i._ to make a dirty -stir.--_ns._ PUDD'LER, one who turns cast-iron into wrought-iron by -puddling; PUDD'LING, the act of rendering impervious to water by means of -clay: the process of converting cast into bar or wrought iron.--_adj._ -PUDD'LY, dirty. [M. E. _podel_ (prob. for _plod-el_)--Celt.; Ir. _plodach_, -_plod_, a pool.] - -PUDDOCK, pud'ok, _n._ Same as PADDOCK. - -PUDENCY, p[=u]'dens-i, _n._ (_Shak._) shamefacedness, modesty.--_n.pl._ -PUDEN'DA, the genitals.--_adjs._ PUDEN'DAL, PUDEN'DOUS, P[=U]'DIC, -AL, -pertaining to the pudenda.--_n._ PUDIC'ITY, modesty. [L., as if -_pudentia_--_pudens_, pr.p. of _pud[=e]re_, to be ashamed.] - -PUDGY, puj'i, _adj._ fat and short: fleshy.--Also PODG'Y. - -PUEBLO, pweb'lo, _n._ a town or settlement in Spanish America: one of the -communal habitations of the New Mexico aborigines.--_adj._ PUEB'LAN. [Sp., -a town--L. _populus_, a people.] - -PUERILE, p[=u]'[.e]r-[=i]l, _adj._ pertaining to children: childish: -trifling: silly.--_adv._ P[=U]'ERILELY.--_ns._ P[=U]'ERILENESS, -P[=U]ERIL'ITY, quality of being puerile: that which is puerile: a childish -expression. [Fr. _pu['e]ril_--L. _puerilis_--_puer_, a child.] - -PUERPERAL, p[=u]-[.e]r'p[.e]r-al, _adj._ relating to childbirth--also -P[=U]ER'PEROUS.--_adv._ P[=U]ER'PERALLY.--PUERPERAL FEVER, fever occurring -in connection with childbirth; PUERPERAL INSANITY, insanity occurring in -connection with childbirth. [L. _puerpera_, a woman lately -delivered--_puer_, a child, _par[)e]re_, to bear.] - -PUFF, puf, _v.i._ to blow in puffs or whiffs: to swell or fill with air: to -breathe with vehemence: to blow at, in contempt: to bustle about.--_v.t._ -to drive with a puff: to swell with a wind: to praise in exaggerated -terms.--_n._ a sudden, forcible breath: a sudden blast of wind: a gust or -whiff: a fungus ball containing dust: anything light and porous, or swollen -and light: a kind of light pastry: a part of a fabric gathered up so as to -be left full in the middle: a light ball or pad for dusting powder on the -skin, &c.: an exaggerated expression of praise.--_ns._ PUFF'-ADD'ER, a -large, venomous African serpent; PUFF'-BALL, a dried fungus, ball-shaped -and full of dust; PUFF'-BIRD, a South American bird resembling the -kingfisher in form, but living on insects; PUFF'-BOX, a box for holding -powder for the toilet, and a puff for applying it.--_adj._ PUFFED, gathered -up into rounded ridges, as a sleeve.--_ns._ PUFF'ER, one who puffs: one who -raises the prices at an auction in order to excite the eagerness of the -bidders to the advantage of the seller; PUFF'ERY, puffing or extravagant -praise.--_adv._ PUFF'ILY.--_ns._ PUFF'INESS, state of being puffy or -turgid: intumescence; PUFF'ING, the act of praising extravagantly.--_adv._ -PUFF'INGLY.--_n._ PUFF'-PASTE, a short flaky paste for pastry.--_adj._ -PUFF'Y, puffed out with air or any soft matter: tumid: bombastic: coming in -puffs.--PUFF UP (_B._), to inflate. [Imit.; cf. Ger. _puffen_, &c.] - -PUFFIN, puf'in, _n._ a water-fowl having a short, thick, projecting beak -like that of a parrot: a puff-ball. - -PUG, pug, _n._ a monkey: a fox: a small kind of dog: any small animal (in -familiarity or contempt).--_n._ PUG'-DOG, a small, short-haired dog with -wrinkled face, upturned nose, and short tail.--_adjs._ PUG'-FACED, -monkey-faced; PUG'GING (_Shak._), thieving--a misprint for -_prigging_.--_n._ PUG'-NOSE (sometimes abbrev. _pug_), a short, thick nose -with the tip turned up. [_Puck._] - -PUG, pug, _n._ clay ground and worked with water.--_v.t._ to grind with -water and make plastic: to line spaces between floors with mortar, felt, or -other deafening.--_ns._ PUG'GING, beating or punching, esp. the working of -clay for making bricks, in a pug-mill: (_archit._) clay, sawdust, plaster, -&c. put between floors to deaden sound; PUG'-MILL, a machine for mixing and -tempering clay. [Prov. Eng. _pug_, to strike. Cf. _Poke_.] - -PUGH, p[=oo], _interj._ of contempt or disdain. [Imit.] - -PUGILISM, p[=u]'jil-izm, _n._ the art of boxing or fighting with the fists, -esp. in the prize-ring.--_ns._ P[=U]'GIL, a pinch; P[=U]'GILIST, one who -fights with his fists.--_adj._ P[=U]GILIST'IC. [L. _pugil_, a boxer.] - -PUGNACIOUS, pug-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ fond of fighting: combative: -quarrelsome.--_adv._ PUGN[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_n._ PUGNAC'ITY, readiness or -inclination to fight: fondness for fighting: quarrelsomeness. [L. _pugnax_, -_pugnacis_, fond of fighting--_pugn[=a]re_, to fight.] - -PUGREE, pug'r[=e], _n._ a light scarf worn round the hat to keep off the -sun.--Also PUG'GREE, PUG'GERY, PUG'AREE. [Hind. _pagr[=i]_, a turban.] - -PUISNE, p[=u]'ne, _adj._ (_law_) younger or inferior in rank, applied to -certain judges in England. [O. Fr. (Fr. _puin['e]_), from _puis_--L. -_post_, after, _n['e]_, pa.p. of _na[^i]tre_--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be -born.] - -PUISSANT, p[=u]'is-ant, _adj._ potent or powerful: strong: forcible.--_n._ -P[=U]'ISSANCE, power, strength, force.--_adv._ P[=U]'ISSANTLY.--_n._ -P[=U]'ISSANTNESS. [Fr., (It. _possente_)--L. _potens_, powerful, modified -by the influence of L. _posse_, to be able.] - -PUKE, p[=u]k, _v.i._ to spew, vomit: to sicken.--_n._ vomit: an -emetic.--_n._ P[=U]'KER, one who vomits. [Perh. for _spuke_. Cf. _Spew_.] - -PUKE, p[=u]k, _adj._ (_Shak._) of a colour between black and russet: -reddish-brown: puce.--_n._ PUKE'-STOCK'ING (_Shak._), a dark-coloured -stocking. - -PULCHRITUDE, pul'kri-t[=u]d, _n._ comeliness. [L.] - -PULE, p[=u]l, _v.i._ to pipe or chirp: to cry, whimper, or whine, like a -child.--_ns._ P[=U]'LER; P[=U]'LING, the cry as of a chicken: a kind of -whine.--_adj._ whimpering: whining.--_adv._ P[=U]'LINGLY. [From Fr. -_piauler_; imit. like It. _pigolare_, L. _pipil[=a]re_ and _pip[=a]re_, to -pipe.] - -PULEX, p[=u]'leks, _n._ a genus of insects: the flea. [L.] - -PULKHA, pul'k[:a], _n._ a Laplander's sledge, shaped like a boat.--Also -PULK. [Lap.] - -PULL, p[=oo]l, _v.t._ to draw, or try to draw, with force: to draw or -gather with the hand: to tear: to pluck: to extract: to move, propel by -tugging, rowing, &c.: to transport by rowing: in horse-racing, to check a -horse in order to prevent its winning: to produce on a printing-press -worked by hand: to raid or seize.--_v.i._ to give a pull: to draw.--_n._ -the act of pulling: a struggle or contest: exercise in rowing: (_slang_) -influence, a favourable chance, advantage: (_coll._) a drink, draught: -(_print._) a single impression of a hand-press.--_ns._ PULL'-BACK, a -restraint: a device for making a woman's gown hang close and straight in -front; PULL'ER.--PULL A FACE, to draw the countenance into a particular -expression: to grimace; PULL APART, to bring asunder by pulling; PULL DOWN, -to take down or apart: to demolish; PULL FOR, to row in the direction of; -PULL OFF, to carry anything through successfully; PULL ONE'S SELF TOGETHER, -to collect one's faculties; PULL OUT, to draw out, lengthen; PULL THE LONG -BOW, to lie or boast beyond measure; PULL THROUGH, to get to the end of -something difficult or dangerous with some success; PULL UP, to tighten the -reins: to take to task: to bring to a stop: to halt; PULL UP STAKES, to -prepare to leave a place. [A.S. _pullian_; conn. with Low Ger. _pulen_, to -pluck.] - -PULLET, p[=oo]l'et, _n._ a young hen.--_n._ PULL'ET-SPERM (_Shak._), the -treadle or chalaza of an egg. [Fr. _poulette_, dim. of _poule_, a hen--Low -L. _pulla_, a hen, fem. of L. _pullus_, a young animal.] - -[Illustration] - -PULLEY, p[=oo]l'i, _n._ a wheel turning about an axis, and having a groove -on its rim in which a cord runs, used for raising weights:--_pl._ -PULL'EYS.--_ns._ PULL'EY-BLOCK, a shell containing one or more sheaves, the -whole forming a pulley; PULL'EY-SHELL, the casing of a pulley-block. [M. E. -_poleyne_--Fr. _poulain_--Low L. _pullanus_--_pullus_; acc. to Diez, from -Fr. _poulie_, itself from Eng. _pull_.] - -PULLMAN-CAR, p[=oo]l'man-k[:a]r, _n._ a railway sleeping-car or palace-car, -first made by George M. _Pullman_ (b. 1831) in America. - -PULLULATE, pul'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to germinate, bud.--_n._ -PULLUL[=A]'TION. [L.,--_pullulus_, a young animal, sprout--_pullus_. Cf. -_Pullet_.] - -PULMONARY, pul'm[=o]-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ pertaining to, or affecting, the -lungs: done by the lungs: having lungs: pulmonic.--_adj._ PULMOBRANCH'IATE, -breathing by lung-sacs.--_n._ PULMOM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the -capacity of the lungs.--_adj._ PULMON[=A]'RIOUS, diseased in the -lungs.--_n.pl._ PULMON[=A]'TA, an order or sub-class of Gasteropoda, -air-breathing.--_adjs._ PUL'MON[=A]TE, having lungs, lung-sacs, or -lung-like organs; PULMON'IC, pertaining to or affecting the lungs.--_n._ a -medicine for disease of the lungs: one affected by disease of the -lungs.--_adj._ PULMONIF'EROUS, provided with lungs.--PULMONARY ARTERY, an -artery which brings blood from the heart to the lungs; PULMONARY VEIN, a -vein which brings blood from the lungs to the heart. [L. -_pulmonarius_--_pulmo_, _pulmonis_, a lung--Gr. _pleum[=o]n_, _pneum[=o]n_, -lung.] - -PULP, pulp, _n._ the soft fleshy part of bodies, e.g. of teeth: marrow: the -soft part of plants, esp. of fruits: any soft mass: the soft mass obtained -from the breaking and grinding of rags, &c., before it is hardened into -paper.--_v.t._ to reduce to pulp: to deprive of pulp: to separate the -pulp.--_v.i._ to become ripe or juicy, like the pulp of fruit.--_ns._ -PULP'-EN'GINE, a machine for converting rags, &c., into pulp; PULP'IFIER, -an apparatus for reducing fresh meat to a jelly-like pulp, to aid -digestion.--_v.t._ PULP'IFY, to make into pulp. [Fr. _pulpe_--L. _pulpa_, -flesh without bones.] - -PULPIT, p[=oo]l'pit, _n._ a platform for speaking from: an elevated or -enclosed place in a church where the sermon is delivered: a desk.--_adj._ -belonging to the pulpit.--_ns._ PULPITEER', PUL'PITER, one who speaks from -a pulpit: a preacher.--_adj._ PUL'PITISH.--THE PULPIT, preachers or -preaching collectively. [Fr.,--L. _pulpitum_, a stage.] - -PULPOUS, pulp'us, _adj._ consisting of, or resembling, pulp: soft.--_ns._ -PULP'INESS; PULP'OUSNESS.--_adj._ PULP'Y, like pulp: soft. - -PULQUE, p[=oo]l'k[=a], _n._ a fermented drink, made in Mexico. [Sp., from -Mex.] - -PULSATE, pul's[=a]t, _v.i._ to beat, as the heart or as a vein: to -throb.--_adj._ PUL'SATILE, that can pulsate, as a wound: that may be struck -or beaten, as a drum: played by beating: acting by pulsation.--_n._ -PULS[=A]'TION, a beating or throbbing: a motion of the heart or pulse: any -measured beat: a vibration.--_adj._ PUL'SATIVE.--_n._ PULS[=A]'TOR, a -pulsometer: a jigging-machine, used in South African -diamond-digging.--_adj._ PUL'SATORY, beating or throbbing.--_n._ any -musical instrument played by being beaten on. [L. _puls[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, -to beat, freq. of _pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_, to drive.] - -PULSATILLA, pul-sa-til'a, _n._ the pasque-flower, _Anemone pulsatilla_. - -PULSE, puls, _n._ a beating or throbbing: a measured beat or throb: a -vibration: the beating of the heart and the arteries: (_fig_.) feeling, -sentiment.--_v.i._ to beat, as the heart: to throb.--_adj._ PULSE'LESS, -having no pulsation: without life.--_ns._ PULSE'LESSNESS; PULSE'-RATE, the -number of beats of a pulse per minute; PULSE'-WAVE, the expansion of the -artery, moving from point to point, like a wave, as each beat of the heart -sends the blood to the extremities.--_adj._ PULSIF'IC, exciting the -pulse.--_ns._ PULSIM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the strength or -quickness of the pulse; PULSOM'ETER, a pulsimeter: a kind of -steam-condensing pump.--FEEL ONE'S PULSE, to find out by the sense of touch -the force of the blood in the arteries: to find out what one is thinking on -some point; PUBLIC PULSE, the movement of public opinion on any question; -QUICK PULSE, a pulse in which the rise of tension is very rapid. [Fr. -_pouls_--L. _pulsus_--_pell[)e]re_, _pulsum_.] - -PULSE, puls, _n._ grain or seed of beans, pease, &c.--_adj._ -PULT[=A]'CEOUS, macerated and softened. [L. _puls_, porridge (Gr. -_poltos_). Cf. _Poultice_.] - -PULU, p[=oo]'l[=oo], _n._ a silky fibre obtained from the Hawaiian -tree-ferns, used for stuffing mattresses. - -PULVERABLE, pul'v[.e]r-a-bl, _adj._ that may be reduced to fine -powder--also PUL'VER[=I]SABLE.--_adj._ PULVER[=A]'CEOUS, having a powdery -surface.--_vs.t._ PUL'VERATE, PUL'VERISE, to reduce to dust or fine -powder.--_vs.i._ to fall down into dust or powder: to roll or wallow in the -dust.--_ns._ PUL'VERINE, ashes of barilla; PULVERIS[=A]'TION; -PUL'VER[=I]SER.--_adj._ PUL'VEROUS, consisting of, or like, dust or -powder.--_n._ PULVER'[=U]LENCE.--_adj._ PULVER'[=U]LENT, consisting of fine -powder: powdery: dusty. [L. _pulvis_, _pulveris_, powder.] - -PULVIL, pul'vil, _n._ a bag of perfumed powder.--Also PULVIL'IO. [It. -_polviglio_--L. _pulvillus_, a little cushion--_pulvinus_, a cushion.] - -PULVILLAR, pul'vi-l[:a]r, _adj._ cushion or pad-like.--_adj._ -PULVIL'LIFORM, like a pulvillus.--_n._ PULVIL'LUS, a foot-pad between the -clavi of the terminal tarsal joint of an insect's leg--also -PULVIN'ULUS.--_adj._ PULV[=I]'NAR, padded: formed like a cushion.--_n._ a -pillow or cushion: a peculiar prominence on a part of the human -brain.--_adjs._ PUL'VIN[=A]TE, -D, PULVIN'IFORM, cushion-shaped. [L. -_pulvillus_, _pulvinus_, a cushion, _pulvinar_, a soft couch.] - -PULWAR, pul'w[:a]r, _n._ a light keelless boat used on the Ganges.--Also -PAL'WAR. - -PULZA-OIL, pul'z[:a]-oil, _n._ an oil obtained from the seeds of _Fatropha -Curcas_, from the Cape Verd Islands. - -PUMA, p[=u]'ma, _n._ a carnivorous animal, of the cat kind, of a -reddish-brown colour without spots, called also the American lion. [Peruv. -_puma_.] - -PUMICE, pum'is, or p[=u]'mis, _n._ a hard, light, spongy substance, formed -of lava, from which gas or steam has escaped while hardening.--_v.t._ to -polish or rub with pumice-stone--also P[=U]'MIC[=A]TE.--_adjs._ PUMI'CEOUS, -PUM'ICIFORM, of or like pumice.--_ns._ PUM'ICE-STONE (same as PUMICE); -P[=U]'MY (_Spens._), a pebble, stone. [A.S. _pumic-_(_-st['a]n_), pumice -(-stone)--L. _pumex_, _pumicis_, for _spumex_--_spuma_, foam--_spu[)e]re_. -Cf. _Spume_, and _Pounce_, a fine powder.] - -PUMMEL. Same as POMMEL. - -PUMP, pump, _n._ a machine for raising water and other fluids to a higher -level: a machine for drawing out or forcing in air.--_v.t._ to raise with a -pump: to draw out information by artful questions.--_v.i._ to work a pump: -to raise water by pumping.--_ns._ PUMP'AGE, the amount pumped; -PUMP'-BARR'EL, the cylinder which forms the body of a pump.--_pa.p._ PUMPED -(_coll._), out of breath, panting--sometimes with _out_.--_ns._ PUMP'ER; -PUMP'-GEAR, the various parts which make up a pump; PUMP'-HAND'LE, the -lever by means of which the pump is worked; PUMP'-HEAD, -HOOD, a frame -covering the upper wheel of a chain-pump, serving to guide the water into -the discharge-spout; PUMP'ING-EN'GINE, any form of motor for operating a -pump; PUMP'-ROD, the rod by which the handle is fixed to the bucket which -moves up and down inside; PUMP'-ROOM, the apartment at a mineral spring in -which the waters are drunk; PUMP'-WELL, a well from which water is got by -pumping.--PUMP SHIP, to urinate. [O. Fr. _pompe_ (cf. Ger. _pumpe_); perh. -conn. with _plump_.] - -PUMP, pump, _n._ a thin-soled shoe used in dancing.--_adj._ PUMPED, wearing -pumps. [Prob. Fr. _pompe_, ornament, show, from Teut., cf. Ger. -_pumphosen_, wide pantaloons.] - -PUMPERNICKEL, pump'er-nik-el, _n._ a kind of coarse bread, made of unsifted -rye, much used in Westphalia. [Ger., a heavy, stupid fellow, from _pumper_, -a heavy fall, _nickel_=Nicholas.] - -PUMPKIN, pump'kin, _n._ a plant of the gourd family and its fruit.--Also -PUMP'ION. [A corr. of O. Fr. _pompon_--L. _pep[=o]_--Gr. _pep[=o]n_, ripe.] - -PUMY. See PUMICE. - -PUN, pun, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to pound. [Cf. _Pound_.] - -PUN, pun, _v.i._ to play upon words similar in sound but different in -meaning so as to produce a ludicrous idea:--_pr.p._ pun'ning; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ punned.--_n._ a play upon words.--_ns._ PUN'NAGE, PUN'NING, the act -or habit of punning. [Ety. dub.; prob. to beat words=_pound_, to beat, from -A.S. _punian_, to pound.] - -PUNCH, punsh, _n._ contr. of _Punchinello_, a humpbacked, hook-nosed puppet -with a squeaking voice, one of the two main actors in the street -puppet-show 'Punch and Judy:' PUNCH, or the London CHARIVARI, the chief -illustrated English comic journal (begun 17th July 1841). [Through the -influence of prov. Eng. _punch_, a variant of _bunch_, thick.] - -PUNCH, punsh, _adj._ (_prov._) short and fat.--_n._ a short and fat man: a -short-legged, round-bodied horse.--_adj._ PUNCH'Y. [Prob. a variant of -_bunch_.] - -PUNCH, punsh, _n._ a drink of five ingredients--spirit, water, sugar, -lemon-juice, and spice.--_ns._ PUNCH'-BOWL, a large bowl for making punch -in; PUNCH'-L[=A]D'LE, a ladle for filling glasses from a punch-bowl. [Hind. -_panch_, five--Sans. _pancha_, five.] - -PUNCH, punsh, _v.t._ to prick or pierce with something sharp or blunt: to -make a hole in with a steel tool.--_n._ a tool either blunt, or hollow and -sharp-edged, for stamping or perforating: a kind of awl.--_n._ PUNCH'ER. [A -shortened form of _puncheon_, a tool.] - -PUNCH, punsh, _v.t._ to strike or hit: to beat with the fist, as one's -head.--_n._ a stroke or blow with the fist, elbow, &c. [Prob. a corr. of -_punish_.] - -PUNCHEON, punsh'un, _n._ a steel tool with a die or a sharp point at one -end for stamping or perforating metal plates: a short post or slab of wood -with the face smoothed. [O. Fr. _poinson_--L. _punctio_, -_-onis_--_pung[)e]re_, _punctum_, to prick.] - -PUNCHEON, punsh'un, _n._ a cask: a liquid measure of from 72 or 84 to 120 -gallons. [O. Fr. _poinson_, a cask; perh. from the above.] - -PUNCHINELLO, punsh-i-nel'o, _n._ the short, hump-backed figure of a -puppet-show: a buffoon, any grotesque personage. [It. _pulcinello_, dim. of -_pulcino_, a chicken, child--L. _pullus_, a young animal.] - -PUNCTATE, -D, pungk't[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ pointed: (_bot._) punctured: full -of small holes: pitted: dotted.--_ns._ PUNCT[=A]'TION; PUNCT[=A]'TOR, one -who marks with dots--esp. applied to the Massoretes who invented the Hebrew -vowel-points.--_adj._ PUNC'TIFORM, pointed. [L. _punctum_--_pung[)e]re_, -_punctum_, to prick.] - -PUNCTILIO, pungk-til'yo, _n._ a nice point in behaviour or ceremony: nicety -in forms: exact observance of forms.--_adj._ PUNCTIL'IOUS, attending to -little points or matters: very nice or exact in behaviour or ceremony: -exact or punctual to excess.--_adv._ PUNCTIL'IOUSLY.--_ns._ -PUNCTIL'IOUSNESS; PUNC'TO (_Shak._), the point, or a blow with it in -fencing: a nice point of ceremony. [Sp. _puntillo_, dim. of _punto_, -point--L. _punctum_, a point.] - -PUNCTUAL, pungk't[=u]-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to a point: observant of -nice points: punctilious: exact in keeping time and appointments: done at -the exact time.--_ns._ PUNC'TUALIST; PUNCTUAL'ITY, quality or state of -being punctual: the keeping of the exact time of an appointment: -exactness.--_adv._ PUNC'TUALLY.--_n._ PUNC'TUALNESS. [Fr. -_ponctuel_--_punctum_, a point.] - -PUNCTUATE, pungk't[=u]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to mark with points: to divide -sentences by the usual points or marks: to emphasise.--_adv._ -PUNC'TU[=A]TIM, point for point.--_n._ PUNCTU[=A]'TION, the act or art of -dividing sentences by points or marks.--_adj._ PUNC'TU[=A]TIVE.--_n._ -PUNC'TU[=A]TOR.--PUNCTUATION MARKS, the comma, semicolon, colon, period, -&c. - -PUNCTUM, pungk'tum, _n._ (_anat._) a point, dot.--_adjs._ PUNC'T[=U]LATE, --D.--_ns._ PUNCT[=U]L[=A]'TION; PUNC'T[=U]LE; PUNC'T[=U]LUM.--PUNCTUM -CAECUM, the point of the retina from which the optic nerve fibres radiate, -so called because impervious to light. - -PUNCTURE, pungk't[=u]r, _n._ a pricking: a small hole made with a sharp -point.--_v.t._ to prick: to pierce with a pointed instrument.--_n._ -PUNCTUR[=A]'TION. [L. _punctura_--_pung[)e]re_, to prick.] - -PUNDIT, pun'dit, _n._ a person who is learned in the language, science, -laws, and religion of India: any learned man. [Hind. _pandit_--Sans. -_pandita_.] - -PUNDONOR, pun'do-n[=o]r', _n._ point of honour. [Sp., contr. of _punto de -honor_, point of honour.] - -PUNGENT, pun'jent, _adj._ sharp: pricking or acrid to taste or smell: -keenly touching the mind: painful: keen: sarcastic.--_ns._ PUN'GENCY, -PUN'GENCE.--_adv._ PUN'GENTLY. [L. _pungens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of -_pung[)e]re_, to prick.] - -PUNIC, p[=u]'nik, _adj._ pertaining to, or like, the ancient Carthaginians: -faithless, treacherous, deceitful.--_n._ the language of ancient Carthage. -[L. _Punicus_--_Poeni_, the Carthaginians.] - -PUNINESS, p[=u]'ni-nes, _n._ the state or quality of being puny or feeble: -smallness: pettiness. [_Puny_.] - -PUNISH, pun'ish, _v.t._ to cause to pay a penalty: to cause loss or pain to -a person for a fault or crime: (_coll._) to handle or beat severely, maul: -(_coll._) to consume a large quantity of: to chasten.--_ns._ -PUNISHABIL'ITY, PUN'ISHABLENESS.--_adj._ PUN'ISHABLE, that may be -punished--said both of persons and crimes.--_ns._ PUN'ISHER; PUN'ISHMENT, -act or process of punishing: loss or pain inflicted for a crime or fault: -the consequences of a broken law.--_adjs._ PUNITIVE (p[=u]'ni-tiv), -pertaining to punishment: inflicting punishment; P[=U]'NITORY, punishing: -tending to punishment. [Fr. _punir_, _punis-sant_--L. _pun[=i]re_, to -punish--_poena_, penalty.] - -PUNJABEE, PUNJABI, pun-j[:a]'b[=e], _n._ a native or inhabitant of the -_Punjab_ in India. - -PUNK, pungk, _n._ rotten wood used as tinder: (_Shak._) a strumpet. -[_Spunk_.] - -PUNKA, PUNKAH, pung'ka, _n._ a large fan for cooling the air of an Indian -house, consisting of a light framework covered with cloth and suspended -from the ceiling of a room, worked by pulling a cord or by machinery. -[Hind. _pankha_, a fan.] - -PUNSTER, pun'st[.e]r, _n._ one who makes puns. - -PUNT, punt, _n._ a flat-bottomed boat with square ends.--_v.t._ to propel, -as a boat, by pushing with a pole against the bottom of a river: to kick -the ball (_in football_) before it touches the ground, when let fall from -the hands: to knock.--_v.i._ to pursue water-fowl in a punt with a -punt-gun.--_ns._ PUNT'ER; PUNT'-FISHING, angling from a punt in a pond, -river, or lake; PUNT'-GUN, a heavy gun of large bore used for shooting -water-fowl from a punt; PUNTS'MAN, a sportsman who uses a punt. [A.S.,--L. -_ponto_, a punt--_pons_, _pontis_, a bridge.] - -PUNT, punt, _v.i._ to play at basset or ombre.--_n._ PUNT'ER, one who marks -the points in basset or ombre. [Fr., through Sp.--L. _punctum_, a point.] - -PUNTILLA, pun-til'a, _n._ lace-work. [Sp.] - -PUNTO, pun'to, _n._ (_Shak._) a point or hit: a pass or thrust made in -fencing.--PUNTO DRITTO, a direct or straight hit; PUNTO RIVERSO, a -back-handed stroke. [Sp. and It. _punto_--L. _punctum_, a point.] - -PUNY, p[=u]'ni, _adj._ (_comp._ P[=U]'NIER; _superl._ P[=U]'NIEST) small: -feeble: petty. [Cf. _Puisne_.] - -PUP, pup, _v.t._ to bring forth puppies, as a bitch: to whelp:--_pr.p._ -pup'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pupped.--_n._ PUP.--BE IN PUP, to be -pregnant, said of dogs. [_Puppy._] - -PUPA, p[=u]'pa, _n._ an insect enclosed in a case while passing from the -caterpillar to the winged stage: a chrysalis--also P[=U]PE:--_pl._ PUPAE -(p[=u]'p[=e]).--_adjs._ P[=U]'PAL, P[=U]P[=A]'RIAL.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'RIUM, -a pupa included within the last larval skin.--_v.i._ P[=U]P[=A]TE', to -become a pupa.--_n._ P[=U]P[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PIFORM; -P[=U]PIG'EROUS.--_n._ P[=U]PIP'ARA, a division of dipterous insects having -pupae developed within the body of the mother.--_adjs._ P[=U]PIP'AROUS; -P[=U]PIV'OROUS; P[=U]'POID. [L. _pupa_, a girl, a doll, fem. of _pupus_, a -boy, a child; cf. _puer_, a boy.] - -PUPIL, p[=u]'pil, _n._ a little boy or girl: one under the care of a tutor: -a scholar: a ward: (_law_) one under the age of puberty--i.e. under -fourteen years for males, and twelve for females.--_adj._ under age.--_ns._ -PUPILABIL'ITY (_rare_), pupilary nature: confidential character; -P[=U]'PILAGE, P[=U]'PILLAGE, state of being a pupil: the time during which -one is a pupil; PUPILAR'ITY, PUPILLAR'ITY, the time between birth and -puberty.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PILARY, P[=U]'PILLARY, pertaining to a pupil or -ward.--PUPIL TEACHER, one who is both a pupil and a teacher. [Fr. -_pupille_--L. _pupillus_, _pupilla_, dims. of _pupus_, boy, _pupa_, girl.] - -PUPIL, p[=u]'pil, _n._ the round opening in the middle of the eye through -which the light passes: the apple of the eye, so called from the baby-like -figures seen on it: (_zool._) the central dark part of an ocellated -spot.--_adjs._ P[=U]'PILARY, P[=U]'PILLARY; P[=U]'PILATE (_zool._), having -a central spot of another colour.--_n._ PUPILLOM'ETER, an instrument for -measuring the size of the pupil of an eye. [Same as above word.] - -PUPPET, pup'et, _n._ a small doll or image moved by wires in a show: a -marionette: one who acts just as another tells him.--_ns._ PUPP'ETRY, -finery, affectation: a puppet-show; PUPP'ET-SHOW, -PLAY, a mock show or -drama performed by puppets; PUPP'ET-VALVE, a valve like a pot-lid attached -to a rod, and used in steam-engines for covering an opening. [O. Fr. -_poupette_, dim. from L. _pupa_.] - -PUPPY, pup'i, _n._ a doll: a young dog: a whelp: a conceited young -man.--_adj._ PUPP'Y-HEAD'ED (_Shak._), stupid.--_n._ PUPP'YHOOD, the -condition of being a puppy.--_adj._ PUPP'YISH.--_n._ PUPP'YISM, conceit in -men. [Fr. _poup['e]e_, a doll or puppet--L. _pupa_.] - -PUR. See PURR. - -PURANA, p[=oo]-r[:a]'na, _n._ one of a class of sacred poetical books in -Sanscrit literature, forming with the Tantras the main foundation of the -actual popular creed of the Brahmanical Hindus.--_adj._ PURAN'IC. [Sans. -_pur[=a]na_--_pur[=a]_, ancient.] - -PURBLIND, pur'bl[=i]nd, _adj._ nearly blind, near-sighted: (_orig._) wholly -blind.--_adv._ PUR'BLINDLY.--_n._ PUR'BLINDNESS. [For _pure-blind_--i.e. -wholly blind; the meaning has been modified, prob. through some confusion -with the verb to _pore_.] - -PURCHASE, pur'ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to acquire by seeking: to obtain by paying: -to obtain by labour, danger, &c.: (_law_) to get in any way other than by -inheritance: to raise or move by mechanical means: (_Shak._) to expiate by -a fine or forfeit.--_n._ act of purchasing: that which is purchased or got -for a price: value, advantage, worth: any mechanical power or advantage in -raising or moving bodies.--_adj._ PUR'CHASABLE, that may be purchased: -(hence of persons) venal, corrupt.--_n._ PUR'CHASER.--PURCHASE MONEY, the -money paid, or to be paid, for anything; PURCHASE SHEARS, a very strong -kind of shears, with removable cutters, and a strong spring at the back; -PURCHASE SYSTEM, the method by which, before 1871, commissions in the -British army could be bought.--(SO MANY) YEARS' PURCHASE, a price paid for -a house, an estate, &c. equal to the amount of the rent or income during -the stated number of years. [O. Fr. _porchacier_ (Fr. _pourchasser_), to -seek eagerly, pursue--_pur_ (L. _pro_), for, _chasser_, to chase.] - -PURDAH, pur'd[:a], _n._ a curtain screening a chamber of state or the -women's apartments: the seclusion itself. [Hind. _parda_, a screen.] - -PURE, p[=u]r, _adj._ (_comp._ PUR'ER; _superl._ PUR'EST) clean: unsoiled: -unmixed: not adulterated: real: free from guilt or defilement: chaste: -modest: mere: that and that only: complete: non-empirical, involving an -exercise of mind alone, without admixture of the results of -experience.--_n._ purity.--_adv._ quite: (_obs._) entirely.--_v.t._ to -cleanse, refine.--_adv._ PURE'LY, without blemish: wholly, entirely: -(_dial._) wonderfully, very much.--_n._ PURE'NESS.--PURE MATHEMATICS (see -MATHEMATICS); PURE REASON, reason alone, without any mixture of -sensibility; PURE SCIENCE, the principles of any science considered in -themselves and their relation to each other, and not in their application -to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, as _pure mathematics_, -_pure logic_, &c. [Fr. _pur_--L. _purus_, pure.] - -PUR['E]E, p[:u]-r[=a]', _n._ a soup, such as pea-soup, in which there are -no pieces of solids. [Fr.] - -PURFLE, pur'fl, _v.t._ to decorate with a wrought or flowered border: -(_archit._) to decorate with rich sculpture: (_her._) to ornament with a -border of ermines, furs, &c.--_ns._ PUR'FLE, PUR'FLEW, a border of -embroidery: (_her._) a bordure of ermines, furs, &c.; PUR'FLING.--_adj._ -PUR'FLY (Carlyle), wrinkled. [O. Fr. _pourfiler_--L. _pro_, before, -_filum_, a thread.] - -PURGE, purj, _v.t._ to make pure: to carry off whatever is impure or -superfluous: to clear from guilt or from accusation: to evacuate, as the -bowels: to trim, dress, prune: to clarify, as liquors.--_v.i._ to become -pure by clarifying: to have frequent evacuations.--_n._ act of purging: a -medicine that purges.--_n._ PURG[=A]'TION, a purging: a clearing away of -impurities: (_law_) the act of clearing from suspicion or imputation of -guilt, a cleansing.--_adj._ PUR'GATIVE, cleansing: having the power of -evacuating the intestines.--_n._ a medicine that evacuates.--_adv._ -PUR'GATIVELY.--_adjs._ PURGAT[=O]'RIAL, PURGAT[=O]'RIAN, pertaining to -purgatory; PUR'GATORY, purging or cleansing: expiatory.--_n._ (_R.C._) a -place or state in which souls are after death purified from venial sins: -any kind or state of suffering for a time.--_ns._ PUR'GER, a person or -thing that purges; PUR'GING, act of cleansing or clearing. [Fr. -_purger_--L. _purg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_purus_, pure, _ag[)e]re_, to do.] - -PURIFY, p[=u]'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to make pure: to cleanse from foreign or -hurtful matter: to free from guilt or uncleanness: to free from -improprieties or barbarisms, as language.--_v.i._ to become pure:--_pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ p[=u]'rif[=i]ed.--_n._ PURIFIC[=A]'TION, act of purifying: -(_B._) the act of cleansing ceremonially by removing defilement: a -cleansing of the soul from moral guilt or defilement: a crushing of desire -after anything evil: the pouring of wine into the chalice to rinse it after -communion, the wine being then drunk by the priest.--_adj._ -P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TIVE.--_n._ P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TOR.--_adj._ P[=U]'RIFIC[=A]TORY, -tending to purify or cleanse.--_n._ P[=U]'RIFIER.--PURIFICATION OF THE -BLESSED VIRGIN MARY, a feast observed in the R.C. Church on February 2d, in -commemoration of the purification of the Virgin Mary, according to the -Jewish ceremonial (Lev. xii. 2) forty days after the birth of Christ. [Fr. -_purifier_--L. _purific[=a]re_--_purus_, pure, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -PURIM, p[=u]'rim, _n._ the feast of lots held about 1st of March, in which -the Jews commemorated their deliverance from the plot of Haman, as related -in Esther. [Heb., pl. of _pur,_ lot.] - -PURISM, p[=u]r'izm, _n._ exclusion of mixture of any kind: pure or -immaculate conduct or style: the doctrine of a purist: great nicety or care -in the use of words.--_n._ P[=U]R'IST, one who is excessively pure or nice -in the choice of words.--_adj._ P[=U]RIS'TIC. - -PURITAN, p[=u]r'i-tan, _n._ one aiming at greater strictness in religious -life, esp. one of a religious and political party having such aims in the -time of Elizabeth and the Stuarts.--_adj._ pertaining to the -Puritans.--_adjs._ P[=U]RITAN'IC, -AL, like a Puritan: rigid: -exact.--_adv._ P[=U]RITAN'ICALLY.--_v.i._ P[=U]R'ITANISE.--_n._ -P[=U]R'ITANISM, a puritan manner of life: strictness of life: simplicity -and purity of worship: the notions or practice of Puritans. [L. _puritas_, -purity--_purus_, pure.] - -PURITY, p[=u]r'i-ti, _n._ condition of being pure: freedom from mixture of -any kind: freedom from sin or defilement: chastity: sincerity: freedom from -foreign or improper idioms or words. - -PURL, purl, _v.i._ to flow with a murmuring sound, as a stream over small -stones: to ripple: to flow in eddies: to curl or swirl.--_v.t._ to whirl -about: to unseat.--_n._ a soft murmuring sound, as of a stream among -stones: an eddy or ripple.--_n._ PURL'ING, the act of flowing with a -gentle, murmuring sound: the murmuring sound of a small stream. [Prob. -freq. of _purr_; cf. Sw. _porla_, Ger. _perlen_, to bubble.] - -PURL, purl, _v.t._ to fringe with a waved edging, as lace: to invert -stitches.--_n._ an embroidered border: a hem or fringe of twisted gold or -silver thread: a ribbed or wavy appearance caused by inverted stitches: a -kind of 16th-cent. lace. [_Purfle_.] - -PURL, purl, _n._ ale warmed and spiced. - -PURLIEU, pur'l[=u], _n._ the borders or environs of any place: (_orig._) -the grounds on the borders of a royal forest, illegally added to the -forest, but afterwards restored to their rightful owners, and marked out by -perambulation. [Acc. to Skeat, a corr. of O. Fr. _puralee_ (a mere -translation of L. _perambulatio_), land severed from a royal forest by -perambulation--O. Fr. _pur_ (=L. _pro_), _allee_, a going.] - -PURLIN, PURLINE, pur'lin, _n._ a piece of timber stretching horizontally -across the rafters underneath to support them in the middle. [Perh. Fr. -_pour_, for, or _par_, through, _ligne_, a line.] - -PURLOIN, pur-loin', _v.t._ to carry off to a distance: to take for one's -own use: to steal: to plagiarise.--_v.i._ to practise theft.--_n._ -PURLOIN'ER. [O. Fr. _purloignier_--L. _prolong[=a]re_.] - -PURPLE, pur'pl, _n._ a very dark-red colour formed by the mixture of blue -and red: a purple dress or robe, originally worn only by royalty: a robe of -honour: the dignity of a king or emperor: a cardinalate, so called from the -red hat and robes worn by cardinals.--_adj._ red tinged with blue: -blood-red: bloody.--_v.t._ to dye purple: to clothe with purple.--_v.i._ to -become purple in colour.--_n._ PUR'PLE-FISH, a shellfish of genus -_Purpura_.--_adjs._ PUR'PLE-FROST'Y (_Tenn._), purple with frost or cold; -PUR'PLE-HUED (_Shak._), having a purple hue.--_n.pl._ PUR'PLES, petechiae -or spots of livid red on the body: a disease of wheat: an early -purple-flowered orchid.--_adj._ PUR'PLE-SPIKED, having purple -spikes.--_ns._ PUR'PLE-WOOD, -HEART, the heartwood of _Copaifera -pubiflora_, used for ramrods.--_adj._ PUR'PLISH, somewhat purple.--PURPLE -EMPEROR, one of the largest of British butterflies, and one of the most -richly coloured.--BORN IN THE PURPLE, of princely rank or birth; TYRIAN -PURPLE, a fine purple dye for which the people of ancient Tyre were -celebrated. [O. Fr. _porpre_ (Fr. _pourpre_)--L. _purpura_--Gr. _porphyra_, -the purple-fish.] - -PURPORT, pur'p[=o]rt, _n._ design: meaning: signification.--_v.t._ (also -PURPORT') to give out as its meaning: to convey to the mind: to seem to -mean--often with an infinitive clause as its object.--_adj._ PUR'PORTLESS. -[O. Fr., from _pur_ (Fr. _pour_)--L. _pro_, for, _porter_--L. _port[=a]re_, -to carry.] - -PURPOSE, pur'pos, _n._ idea or aim kept before the mind as the end of -effort: aim, intention: effect: (_Spens._) conversation: (_pl._) a sort of -conversational game.--OF, or ON, PURPOSE, with design, intentionally; TO -THE PURPOSE, to the point, or material to the question. [O. Fr. _pourpos_, -_propos_--L. _propositum_, a thing intended--_pro_, forward, _pon[)e]re_, -_positum_, to place.] - -PURPOSE, pur'pos, _v.t._ to intend (often followed by an infinitive or -participial clause as its object).--_v.i._ to have an intention: (_Spens._) -to discourse.--_adj._ PUR'POSEFUL, having an object: full of -meaning.--_adv._ PUR'POSEFULLY.--_n._ PUR'POSEFULNESS.--_adj._ -PUR'POSELESS, without purpose or effect: aimless.--_adv._ -PUR'POSELESSLY.--_n._ PUR'POSELESSNESS.--_adj._ PUR'POSE-LIKE, having a -definite purpose: having the appearance of being fit for a purpose.--_adv._ -PUR'POSELY, with purpose: intentionally.--_n._ PUR'POSER.--_adj._ -PUR'POSIVE, having an aim: (_biol._) functional.--_n._ PUR'POSIVENESS. [O. -Fr. _purposer_, form of _proposer_, influenced by Fr. _propos_.] - -PURPRISE, pur-pr[=i]z', _n._ an enclosure: the whole compass of a -manor.--_n._ PURPREST'URE, a private encroachment upon a public highway, -&c. [O. Fr. _pourpris_--_pour_, for, _prendre_--L. _prehend[)e]re_, to -take.] - -PURPURA, pur'p[=u]-ra, _n._ a genus of marine gasteropods: an eruption of -small purple spots, caused by extravasation of blood in the skin--also -called the _Purples_.--_adj._ PUR'PUR[=A]TE, of purple colour.--_n._ -PUR'PURE, purple.--_adjs._ PURP[=U]'REAL, purple; PURP[=U]'RIC, relating to -purpura. [L.,--Gr. _porphyra_.] - -PURR, PUR, pur, _v.i._ to utter a low, murmuring sound, as a cat when -pleased: to signify by, or as by, purring.--_ns._ PURR; PURR'ING, the low, -murmuring sound of a cat.--_adv._ PURR'INGLY. [Imit.] - -PURSE, purs, _n._ a small bag for money, orig. made of skin: a sum of -money, esp. a sum given as a present or offered as a prize: a treasury: a -person's finances.--_v.t._ to put into a purse: to contract as the mouth of -a purse: to draw into folds or wrinkles.--_n._ PURSE'-BEAR'ER, one who has -charge of the purse of another: a treasurer.--_adj._ PURSE'-BEAR'ING, -pouched, marsupiate.--_ns._ PURSE'FUL, as much as a purse can hold: enough -to fill a purse; PURSE'-MOUTH (_Tenn._), a pursed-up mouth; PURSE'-NET, a -kind of net that can be closed like a purse; PURSE'-PRIDE.--_adj._ -PURSE'-PROUD, proud of one's purse or wealth: insolent from wealth.--_ns._ -PURS'ER, an officer who has charge of the provisions, clothing, and -accounts of a ship, now termed a 'paymaster;' PURS'ERSHIP; PURSE'-SEINE, a -seine which can be pursed into the shape of a bag.--_n.pl._ PURSE'-STRINGS, -the strings fastening a purse.--_n._ PURSE'-TAK'ING, robbing.--A LIGHT, or -EMPTY, PURSE, poverty; A LONG, or HEAVY, PURSE, riches; PRIVY PURSE, an -allowance for the private expenses of the British sovereign: an officer in -the royal household who pays the sovereign the grant of the civil list for -his private expenses. [O. Fr. _borse_ (Fr. _bourse_)--Low L. _bursa_--Gr. -_byrsa_, a hide.] - -PURSLANE, PURSLAIN, purs'l[=a]n, _n._ an annual plant, frequently used in -salads. [O. Fr. _porcelaine_--L. _porcilaca_, _portulaca_.] - -PURSUE, pur-s[=u]', _v.t._ to follow after in order to overtake: to follow -with haste: to chase: to follow up: to be engaged in: to carry on: to seek -to obtain: to seek to injure: to imitate: to continue.--_v.i._ to follow: -to go on or continue: to act as a prosecutor at law.--_n._ (_Spens._) -pursuit.--_adj._ PURS[=U]'ABLE.--_n._ PURS[=U]'ANCE, the act of pursuing or -following out: process: consequence.--_adj._ PURS[=U]'ANT, done while -pursuing or seeking any purpose, hence agreeable.--_adv._ agreeably: -conformably--also PURS[=U]'ANTLY.--_n._ PURS[=U]'ER, one who pursues: -(_Scots law_) a plaintiff. [O. Fr. _porsuir_ (Fr. _poursuivre_)--L. -_prosequi_, _-secutus_--_pro_, onwards, _sequi_, to follow.] - -PURSUIT, pur-s[=u]t', _n._ the act of pursuing: endeavour to attain: -occupation: employment. - -PURSUIVANT, pur'swi-vant, _n._ an attendant or follower: a state messenger: -an attendant on the heralds: one of four inferior officers in the English -College of Arms. [Fr., pr.p. of _poursuivre_, to pursue.] - -PURSY, purs'i, _adj._ puffy: fat and short: short-breathed.--_n._ -PURS'INESS. [O. Fr. _pourcif_ (Fr. _poussif_), orig. _poulsif_, -broken-winded--O. Fr. _poulser_ (Fr. _pousser_), to push--L. _puls[=a]re_, -to push.] - -PURTENANCE, pur'ten-ans, _n._ that which pertains or belongs to: (_B._) the -inwards or intestines of an animal. [_Appurtenance_.] - -PURULENCE, p[=u]'r[=u]-lens, _n._ the forming of pus or matter: pus--also -P[=U]'RULENCY.--_adj._ P[=U]'RULENT, consisting of, full of, or resembling -pus or matter.--_adv._ P[=U]'RULENTLY. [_Pus._] - -PURVEY, pur-v[=a]', v.t, to provide, esp. with conveniences: to -procure.--_v.i._ to provide: to buy in provisions for several persons: -(with _to_) to pander.--_ns._ PURVEY'ANCE, the act of purveying: a -procuring of victuals: that which is supplied: the former royal prerogative -of pre-emption of necessaries; PURVEY'OR, one who provides victuals: an -officer who formerly exacted provisions for the use of the king's -household: a procurer. [O. Fr. _porvoir_ (Fr. _pourvoir_)--L. -_provid[=e]re_, to provide.] - -PURVIEW, pur'v[=u], _n._ a condition or disposition: the part of a statute -beginning with 'Be it enacted:' scope: limits. [O. Fr. -_pourvieu_--_pourvoir_, to provide.] - -PUS, pus, _n._ a thick yellowish fluid exuded from inflamed tissues: that -which has become putrid. [L. _pus_, _puris_, matter; akin to Gr. _pyon_.] - -PUSEYISM, p[=u]'zi-izm, _n._ a name given to the High Church and Catholic -principles of Dr E. B. _Pusey_ (1800-82), and other Oxford divines, as set -forth in 'Tracts for the Times.'--_adjs._ P[=U]SEYIST'IC, -AL.--_n._ -P[=U]'SEYITE, one who holds the views of Dr Pusey. - -PUSH, p[=oo]sh, _v.t._ to thrust or press against: to drive by pressure: to -press forward: to urge: to press hard: to thrust, as with a sword.--_v.i._ -to make a thrust: to make an effort: to press against: to burst out.--_n._ -a thrust: an impulse: assault: effort: exigence: (_Bacon_) a pustule, a -pimple, eruption.--_n._ PUSH'ER, one who pushes: a stem or rod.--_adj._ -PUSH'ING, pressing forward in business: enterprising: vigorous.--_n._ -PUSH'ING-JACK, an implement for starting a railway-carriage, &c.--_adv._ -PUSH'INGLY.--_n._ PUSH'-PIN (_Shak._), a children's game in which pins are -pushed alternately. [Fr. _pousser_--L. _puls[=a]re_, freq. of _pell[)e]re_, -_pulsum_, to beat.] - -PUSHTU, PUSHTOO, push't[=oo], _n._ the language of the Afghans -proper.--Also PUSH'TO. [Afghan.] - -PUSILLANIMOUS, p[=u]-si-lan'i-mus, _adj._ wanting firmness of mind: of -small courage: having a little mind: mean-spirited: cowardly.--_adv._ -PUSILLAN'IMOUSLY.--_ns._ PUSILLAN'IMOUSNESS, PUSILLANIM'ITY, state or -quality of being weak-minded: lack of spirit or courage: timidity. [L. -_pusillanimis_--_pusillus_, very little, _animus_, the mind.] - -PUSS, p[=oo]s, _n._ a familiar name for a cat: a hare, in sportsmen's -language: a playful name for a child or a girl.--_ns._ PUSS'-CLOV'ER, the -rabbit's foot or stone-clover; PUSS'-GEN'TLEMAN, a dandy; PUSS'-MOTH, a -moth of the genus Cerura; PUSS'-TAIL, a common grass with bristly spikes, -belonging to the genus Setaria--also called _Foxtail_; PUSS'Y, a dim. of -_puss_--also PUSS'Y-CAT; PUSS'Y-CAT, the silky catkin of various willows; -PUSS'Y-WILL'OW, a common American willow, _Salix discolor_, with silky -spring catkins.--PUSS IN THE CORNER, a children's game in which the places -are continually being changed, while the player who is out tries to secure -one of them. [Dut. _poes_, puss; Ir. and Gael. _pus_, a cat.] - -PUSTULE, pus't[=u]l, _n._ a small pimple containing pus: anything like a -pustule, on plants or animals: a small blister.--_adjs._ PUS'T[=U]LAR, -PUS'T[=U]LOUS, covered with pustules.--_v.t._ PUS'T[=U]L[=A]TE, to form -into pustules.--_n._ PUST[=U]L[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _pustula_, a pimple.] - -PUT, p[=oo]t, _v.t._ to push or thrust: to cast, throw: to drive into -action: to throw suddenly, as a word: to set, lay, or deposit: to bring -into any state or position: to offer: to propose: to express, state: to -apply: to oblige: to incite: to add.--_v.i._ to place: to turn:--_pr.p._ -putting (p[=oo]t'-); _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ put.--_n._ a push or thrust: a -cast, throw, esp. of a heavy stone from the shoulder (see PUTTING): an -attempt: a game at cards: a contract by which one person, in consideration -of a certain sum of money paid to another, acquires the privilege of -selling or delivering to the latter within a certain time certain -securities or commodities, at a stipulated price (see OPTIONS).--_ns._ -PUT'-OFF, -BY, an excuse, a makeshift, evasion; PUT'TER, one who puts.--PUT -ABOUT, to change the course, as of a ship: to put to inconvenience, -trouble: to publish; PUT AN END, or stop, to, to check, hinder: cause to -discontinue; PUT AWAY, to renounce, to divorce; PUT BACK, to push backward: -to delay: to say nay; PUT BY, to lay aside: to divert: to store up; PUT -DOWN, to crush: to degrade: (_Shak._) to confute: to enter, as a name: -(_rare_) to give up: to start for; PUT FOR, to set out vigorously towards a -place; PUT FORTH, to extend: to propose: to publish: to exert: to depart; -PUT IN, to introduce: to hand in: to appoint: to insert: to conduct a ship -into a harbour; PUT IN FOR, to put in an application or claim for; PUT IN -MIND, to bring to one's memory; PUT OFF, to lay aside: to baffle or -frustrate: to defer or delay: to push from shore: (_Shak._) to discard; PUT -ON, or UPON, to invest: to impute: to assume: to promote: to instigate: to -impose upon: to hasten: to inflict: to deceive, trick: to foist or palm -upon; PUT OUT, to expel, to extinguish: to place at interest: to extend: to -publish: to disconcert: to offend: to expend: to dislocate; PUT OVER -(_Shak._), to refer: to send: to defer: to place in authority; PUT THE -CASE, PUT CASE, suppose the case to be; PUT THE HAND TO, to take hold of: -to take or seize: to engage in (any affair); PUT THIS AND THAT TOGETHER, to -infer from given premises; PUT THROUGH, to bring to an end: to accomplish; -PUT TO, to apply, use: to add to: to bring or consign to; PUT TO DEATH, to -kill; PUT TO IT, to press hard: to distress; PUT TO RIGHTS, to bring into -proper order; PUT TO SEA, to set sail: to begin a voyage; PUT TO, or ON, -TRIAL, to test: to try; PUT TWO AND TWO TOGETHER, to draw a conclusion from -certain circumstances; PUT UP, to startle from a cover, as a hare: to put -back to its ordinary place when not in use, as a sword: to accommodate with -lodging: to nominate for election: (_with_) to bear without complaint: to -take lodgings; PUT UP TO, to give information about, to instruct in. [A.S. -_potian_, to push; prob. Celt., as Gael. _put_, W. _pwtio_.] - -PUT, put, _n._ a rustic, simpleton. [Perh. W. _pwt_, _pytiau_, any short -thing.] - -PUT, put, _n._ a strumpet.--_ns._ P[=U]'T[=A]GE, a law phrase for a woman's -fornication; P[=U]'TANISM, the habit of prostitution. [O. Fr. _pute_, a -whore.] - -PUTAMEN, p[=u]-t[=a]'men, _n._ the hard bony stone of some fruits--cherry, -peach, &c.: the soft shell of an egg: the outer and darker portion of the -lenticular nucleus of the brain. [L.,--_put[=a]re_, to prune.] - -PUTATIVE, p[=u]'t[=a]-tiv, _adj._ supposed: reputed: commonly supposed to -be.--_n._ PUT[=A]'TION, act of considering, estimation.--PUTATIVE MARRIAGE, -a marriage prohibited by canon law, but entered into in good faith by at -least one of the parties. [Fr.,--L. _putativus_--_put[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, -to suppose.] - -PUTCHOCK, p[=oo]-chok', _n._ the fragrant costus-root, exported from India -to China--a chief ingredient in the Chinese pastille-rod, commonly called -_jostick_.--ALSO PUTCHUK'. [Perh. Telegu _p[=a]ch'ck[=a]ku_, 'green leaf;' -or more prob. Malay.] - -PUTEAL, p[=u]'t[=e]-al, _n._ a well-curb. [L.,--_puteus_, a well.] - -PUTELI, put'e-li, _n._ a flat-bottomed Ganges boat. - -PUTID, p[=u]'tid, _adj._ rotten: stinking: worthless.--_n._ P[=U]'TIDNESS. -[L. _putidus_, putrid.] - -PUT-LOG, put'-log, _n._ a cross-piece in a scaffolding, the inner end -resting in a hole left in the wall. - -PUTOIS, p[:u]-twa', _n._ a brush of polecat's hair for pottery. [Fr.] - -PUTOO, put'[=oo], _n._ a dish made of palmyra-nut meal, scraped coco-nut, -&c. - -PUTORIUS, p[=u]-t[=o]'ri-us, _n._ a large family of _Mustelidae_, including -weasels, stoats, polecats, ferrets, &c. - -PUTREFY, p[=u]'tre-f[=i], _v.t._ to make putrid or rotten: to -corrupt.--_v.i._ to become putrid: to rot:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -p[=u]'trefied.--_adjs._ P[=U]TRED'INOUS, having an offensive smell; -PUTREF[=A]'CIENT (also _n._), PUTREFAC'TIVE, pertaining to or causing -putrefaction.--_ns._ PUTREFAC'TION, the act or process of putrefying: -rottenness: corruption; PUTREFAC'TIVENESS; PUTRES'CENCE.--_adjs._ -PUTRES'CENT, becoming putrid: pertaining to putrefaction; P[=U]'TRID, in a -state of decay: showing putrefaction: stinking: rotten: corrupt.--_ns._ -PUTRID'ITY, P[=U]'TRIDNESS, state of being putrid: corrupt matter: -rottenness: corruption.--_adj._ P[=U]'TRIFIABLE, liable to putrefy. [O. Fr. -_putrefier_--L. _putrefac[)e]re_, to make putrid--_puter_, _putris_, -rotten.] - -PUTT, put, _v.i._ in golf, to play with a putter.--_n._ a short stroke made -with a putter in attempting to hole a ball.--_ns._ PUTT'ER, one who throws -a stone: one who takes coal along underground roads: a short, stiff -golf-club used in putting; PUTT'ER-ON (_Shak._), an instigator; PUTT'ER-OUT -(_obs._), one who deposited money on going abroad, on condition of -receiving a larger sum on his return, the money to be forfeited in case of -non-return; PUTT'ING, the act of hurling a heavy stone from the hand by a -sudden push from the shoulder: the act of striking a golf-ball when near a -hole, so as to cause it to fall into it; PUTT'ING-GREEN, the prepared -ground immediately round a hole in a golf-course; PUTT'ING-STONE, a heavy -stone raised by the hand and thrust forward from the shoulder, as a trial -of strength and skill. [_Put._] - -PUTTIES, put'tiz, _n.pl._ strips of cloth wound round the legs, from ankle -to knee, as leggings. - -PUTTOCK, p[=oo]t'ok, _n._ (_Shak._) a kite, a buzzard. - -PUTTOO, put'[=oo], _n._ a cloth made in Cashmere from the longer and -coarser wool of the goat. - -PUTTY, put'i, _n._ an oxide of tin, or of lead and tin, used in polishing -glass, &c.--_jewellers' putty_: a cement of whiting and linseed-oil, used -in glazing windows: a fine cement of lime only--_plasterers' -putty._--_v.t._ to fix or fill with putty:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -putt'ied.--_n._ PUTT'IER, a glazier.--_adj._ PUTT'Y-FACED, having a face -resembling putty in pastiness or colour.--_ns._ PUTT'Y-KNIFE, a knife with -a blunt, flexible blade for laying on putty; PUTT'Y-POW'DER, an -artificially prepared oxide of tin used for polishing glass; PUTT'Y-ROOT, -an American orchid the corm of whose root-stock contains a highly glutinous -matter; PUTT'Y-WORK, decoration in a soft substance which grows very hard. -[O. Fr. _pot['e]e_, properly that which is contained in a pot, Fr. _pot._] - -PUT-UP, poot'-up, _adj._ speciously conceived, planned, or carried out. -[_Put._] - -PUTURE, p[=u]'t[=u]r, _n._ the claim to food for man, horse, and dog within -the bounds of a forest, &c.--Also PUL'T[=U]RE. [O. Fr. _peulture_.] - -PUXI, puk'si, _n._ the edible larvae of various flies of the genus -_Ephydra_, found in the alkali lakes of western North America. [Mex. Ind.] - -PUY, pw[=e], _n._ one of the small volcanic cones in Auvergne, &c. [Fr.] - -PUZZEL, puz'l, _n._ (_obs._) a drab. [Fr. _pucelle_.] - -PUZZLE, puz'l, _n._ a difficulty to be solved: perplexity: something to try -the ingenuity, as a toy or riddle.--_v.t._ to set a difficult question to: -to pose: to perplex.--_v.i._ to be bewildered: to think long and carefully -(with _out_, _over_).--_ns._ PUZZ'LEDOM (_coll._), bewilderment; -PUZZ'LE-HEAD, one who is puzzle-headed.--_adj._ PUZZ'LE-HEAD'ED, having the -head full of confused notions.--_ns._ PUZZ'LE-HEAD'EDNESS; PUZZ'LEMENT, the -state of being puzzled; PUZZ'LE-MONK'EY (same as MONKEY-PUZZLE, q.v.); -PUZZ'LE-PEG, a piece of wood so secured under a dog's jaw as to keep his -nose from the ground; PUZZ'LER; PUZZ'LE-RING, a ring made of several small -rings intricately linked together, capable of being taken apart and put -together again.--_adj._ PUZZ'LING, posing: perplexing.--_adv._ PUZZ'LINGLY. -[From M. E. _opposaile_ (Eng. _opposal_), an objection--_opposen_, _posen_. -Cf. _Pose_ and _Oppose_.] - -PUZZOLANA, puz-[=o]-l[:a]'na, _n._ a loosely coherent volcanic sand found -at _Pozzuoli_, near Naples, forming a hydraulic cement with ordinary -lime.--Also PUZZOL[:A]'NO, POZZUOL[:A]'NA. - -PYAEMIA, PYEMIA, p[=i]-[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a disease caused by the introduction -into the blood of decomposing matter, from pus, &c.--_adjs._ PYAE'MIC, -PY[=E]'MIC. [Gr. _pyon_, pus, _haima_, blood.] - -PYCNID, pik'nid, _n._ a special receptacle in ascomycetous fungi, -resembling a perithecium, in which stylospores or pycnospores are -produced--also PYCNID'IUM.--_n._ PYC'NOSPORE, a stylospore. [Gr. _pyknos_, -thick.] - -PYCNITE, pik'n[=i]t, _n._ a columnar variety of topaz. - -PYCNOGONIDA, pik-n[=o]-gon'i-da, _n.pl._ a division of marine arthropods, -the sea-spiders.--_adj._ PYCNOG'ONOID. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _gony_, the -knee.] - -PYCNOMETER, pik-nom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for determining the -specific gravity of solid bodies. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _metron_, measure.] - -PYCNON, pik'non, _n._ (_mus._) a small interval in Greek music, a -quarter-tone: in medieval music, a semi-tone. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick.] - -PYCNOSTYLE, pik'n[=o]-st[=i]l, _adj._ (_archit._) noting a lower degree of -intercolumniation, usually 1-1/2 diameters. [Gr. _pyknos_, thick, _stylos_, -a column.] - -PYEBALD. See PIEBALD. - -PYELITIS, p[=i]-e-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the pelvis of the -kidney--also _Endonephritis_.--_adjs._ PYELIT'IC; PYELONEPHRIT'IC.--_n._ -PYELONEPHR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis. [Gr. -_pyelos_, the pelvis, _nephros_, the kidney.] - -PYENGADU, p[=i]-eng'ga-d[=oo], _n._ a large acacia-like tree of Burma, -India, &c., with reddish-brown wood of great heaviness and hardness.--Also -PYN'KADO. - -PYGAL, p[=i]'gal, _adj._ belonging to the rump or posteriors of an -animal.--_n._ the posterior median or supracaudal plate of a chelonian -carapace.--_n._ PY'GARG, a kind of antelope: the osprey or sea-eagle. [Gr. -_pyg[=e]_, the rump, _argos_, white.] - -PYGMY, PIGMY, pig'mi, _n._ one of a fabulous dwarfish race of antiquity: a -dwarf: any diminutive thing: one of several pygmy races in equatorial -Africa and elsewhere: one of the ancient diminutive dwellers in underground -houses, &c., in whom David MacRitchie sees the historical originals of the -fairies and elves of folklore.--_adj._ resembling a pygmy: very -small.--_adj._ PYGM[=E]'AN, dwarfish: diminutive. [O. Fr. _pigme_, -_pygme_--L. _Pygmaei_--Gr. _Pygmaioi_, the Pygmies, a (Gr.) -_pygm[=e]_--13-1/2 in. long--_pygm[=e]_, fist.] - -PYGOPUS, p[=i]'g[=o]-pus, _n._ a genus of Australian lizards. - -PYGOSTYLE, p[=i]'g[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ the vomer or ploughshare bone of a -bird's tail.--_adj._ PY'GOSTYLED. [Gr. _pyg[=e]_, the rump, _stylos_, a -column.] - -PYJAMAS, pe-j[:a]'maz, _n.pl._ loose drawers or trousers tied round the -waist, in India, used also by Europeans.--Also PAIJ[:A]'MAS, PAJ[:A]'MAS. -[Hind. _p[=a]ej[=a]ma_, lit. 'leg-clothing.'] - -PYLON, p[=i]'lon, _n._ a gateway to an Egyptian temple: the mass of -building through which the gateway was pierced. [Gr. _pyl[=o]n_--_pyl[=e]_, -a gate.] - -PYLORUS, pi-l[=o]'rus, _n._ the lower opening of the stomach leading to the -intestines.--_adj._ PYLOR'IC. [L.,--Gr. _pyl[=o]ros_--_pyl[=e]_, an -entrance, _ouros_, a guardian.] - -PYOGENESIS, p[=i]-[=o]-jen'e-sis, _n._ the formation of pus.--_adjs._ -PYOGENET'IC, PYOGEN'IC, PY'OID.--_ns._ PYOPOI[=E]'SIS, suppuration; -PYOP'TYSIS, expectoration of pus; PYORRH[=E]'A, purulent discharge; -PY[=O]'SIS, the formation of pus. - -PYRAMID, pir'a-mid, _n._ a solid figure on a triangular, square, or -polygonal base, with triangular sides meeting in a point: (_pl._) 'the -Pyramids,' or great monuments of Egypt: a game played on a billiard-table -in which the balls are arranged in pyramid shape.--_adjs._ PYRAM'IDAL, -PYRAMID'IC, -AL, having the form of a pyramid.--_advs._ PYRAM'IDALLY, -PYRAMID'ICALLY.--_ns._ PYRAMID'ICALNESS; PYRAMID'ION, the small pyramidal -apex of an obelisk; PYRAM'IDIST, one versed in the history of the Pyramids; -PYR'AMIS (_Shak._), a pyramid:--_pl._ PYRAM'IDES.--_adjs._ PYR'AMOID, -PYRAM'IDOID. [L.,--Gr. _pyramis_, _pyramidos_; prob. Egypt. _pir-em-us_. -Some connection with Gr. _pyr_, fire.] - -PYRAMIDON, pi-ram'i-don, _n._ in organ-building a stop having wooden pipes -in the form of an inverted pyramid, giving very deep notes somewhat like -those of a stopped diapason. - -PYRARGYRITE, p[=i]-rar'ji-r[=i]t, _n._ an ore of silver consisting of the -sulphide of silver and antimony. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _argyros_, silver.] - -PYRE, p[=i]r, _n._ a pile of wood, &c., on which a dead body is -burned.--_adj._ PYR'AL. [L.,--Gr.,--_pyr_, fire.] - -PYRENE, p[=i]'r[=e]n, _n._ a stone or putamen.--_n._ PYR[=E]'NOCARP, any -drupaceous fruit.--_adjs._ PYR[=E]'NOID, globular, nucleiform; -PYR[=E]'NOUS. [Gr. _pyr[=e]n_.] - -PYRENE, p[=i]'r[=e]n, _n._ a hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. - -PYRENEAN, pir-[=e]-n[=e]'an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the _Pyrenees_, the -range of mountains between France and Spain.--_n._ PYREN[=E]'ITE, a -grayish-black garnet. [L. _Pyrenaei_ (_montes_), the Pyrenees.] - -PYRENOMYCETES, p[=i]-r[=e]-n[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'tez, _n.pl._ an order of -ascomycetous fungi, including ergot, black-rot, &c. [Gr. _pyren_, a stone, -_myk[=e]s_, pl. _myc[=e]tes_, a mushroom.] - -PYRETHRUM, pir-eth'rum, _n._ a genus of plants containing the fever-few, or -golden-feather, so much used in gardens as a bordering. [L.,--Gr.,--_pyr_, -fire.] - -PYRETIC, p[=i]-ret'ik, _adj._ pertaining to fever.--_n._ a remedy for -fever.--_ns._ PYRETOL'OGY, the science of fevers; PYREX'IA, fever.--_adjs._ -PYREX'IAL, PYREX'IC. [Gr. _pyrektikos_--_pyretos_, fever--_pyr_, fire.] - -PYRGOIDAL, pir-goi'dal, _adj._ tower-shaped. [Gr., _pyrgos_, a tower.] - -PYRHELIOMETER, pir-h[=e]-li-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring -the intensity of the sun.--_adj._ PYRHELIOMET'RIC. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, -_h[=e]lios_, sun, _metron_, measure.] - -PYRIFORM, pir'i-form, _adj._ pear-shaped. [L. _pirum_, a pear, _forma_, -form.] - -PYRITE, p[=i]'r[=i]t, _n._ native iron disulphide of a pale-yellow colour -and very hard--also IRON PYRITES.--COPPER PYRITES, yellow sulphide of -copper and iron. [L.,--Gr. _pyrites_, a flint--_pyr_, fire.] - -PYRITEGIUM, pir-i-t[=e]'ji-um, _n._ the curfew-bell. [Low L.] - -PYRITES, pir-[=i]'t[=e]z, _n._ a term applied to a large class of mineral -compounds of metals with sulphur, or with arsenic, or with -both--crystalline, hard, generally brittle, and frequently yellow.--_adjs._ -PYRIT[=A]'CEOUS; PYRIT'IC, -AL; PYRITIF'EROUS.--_v.t._ PYR'ITISE, to -convert into pyrites.--_n._ PYRITOL'OGY, knowledge of pyrites.--_adj._ -PYR'ITOUS. [L.,--Gr. _pyr_, fire.] - -PYRITOHEDRON, p[=i]-r[=i]-t[=o]-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a pentagonal -dodecahedron.--_adj._ PYRITOH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _pyrit[=e]s_, pyrites, -_hedra_, a seat.] - -PYRO-ACETIC, p[=i]'r[=o]-a-set'ik, _adj._ relating to acetic acid under -heat. - -PYROBALLOGY, p[=i]-r[=o]-bal'[=o]-ji, _n._ the art of throwing fire: -(_Sterne_) the science of artillery. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _ballein_, to throw, -_logia_--_legein_, to speak.] - -PYROCLASTIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-klas'tik, _adj._ formed by volcanic agencies. [Gr. -_pyr_, fire, _klastos_, broken.] - -PYRO-ELECTRICITY, p[=i]'r[=o]-e-lek-tris'i-ti, _n._ that branch of -electricity which deals with electrification as produced by change of -temperature in certain crystallised bodies.--_adj._ PY'RO-ELEC'TRIC. - -PYROGALLIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-gal'ik, _adj._ obtained from gallic acid by the -action of heat. - -PYROGEN, p[=i]'r[=o]-jen, _n._ any substance which causes fever when -introduced into the blood.--_adjs._ PYROGENET'IC, PYROG'ENOUS, producing -fire: produced by fire; PYROGEN'IC, producing fever. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, root -of _gignesthai_, to become.] - -PYROGNOMIC, p[=i]-rog-nom'ik, _adj._ becoming incandescent when heated to a -certain degree. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _gn[=o]m[=o]n_, a mark.] - -PYROGNOSTIC, p[=i]-rog-nos'tik, _adj._ pertaining to fire or heat. [Gr. -_pyr_, fire, _gn[=o]stikos_, knowing.] - -PYROGRAPHY, p[=i]-rog'ra-fi, _n._ the art of producing a design on wood by -applying heat and pressure. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _graphein_, to write.] - -PYROGRAVURE, p[=i]-r[=o]-gr[=a]-v[=u]r', _n._ a method of engraving on wood -by a red-hot metallic point: a picture so produced. - -PYROLA, p[=i]'r[=o]-la, _n._ a genus of plants of the heath kind, called -also _Wintergreen_: a single plant of this genus. [L., dim. of _pirus_, a -pear-tree.] - -PYROLATRY, p[=i]-rol'a-tri, _n._ fire-worship.--_n._ PYROL'ATER, a -fire-worshipper. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _latreia_, worship.] - -PYROLETER, p[=i]-rol'e-t[.e]r, _n._ a fire-extinguishing chemical apparatus -by which carbonic acid is generated and thrown on the fire. [Gr. _pyr_, -fire, _olet[=e]r_, destroyer--_ollynai_, to destroy.] - -PYROLIGNEOUS, p[=i]-r[=o]-lig'ne-us, _adj._ procured by the distillation of -wood--applied to a kind of acetic acid.--Also PYROLIG'NIC, PYROLIG'NOUS. - -PYROLOGY, p[=i]-r[=o]l-[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of heat: a treatise on -heat.--_n._ PYROL'OGIST. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _logos_, discourse.] - -PYROLUSITE, p[=i]-r[=o]-l[=u]'s[=i]t, _n._ native manganese dioxide. - -PYROMAGNETIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-mag-net'ik, _adj._ pertaining to magnetism as -modified by the action of heat. - -PYROMANCY, p[=i]'r[=o]-man-si, _n._ divination by fire.--_adj._ -PYROMAN'TIC. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _manteia_, divination.] - -PYROMANIA, p[=i]-r[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ a mania for destroying things by -fire: insanity which takes this form.--_n._ PYROM[=A]'NIAC.--_adjs._ -PYROM[=A]'NIAC, -AL. - -PYROMETAMORPHISM, p[=i]-r[=o]-met-a-mor'fizm, _n._ metamorphism due to -heat, as opp. to _Hydrometamorphism_, that due to water. - -PYROMETER, p[=i]-rom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument in the form of a metallic -bar for measuring the temperature of bodies under heat.--_adjs._ -PYROMET'RIC, -AL.--_n._ PYROM'ETRY, the science or art of measuring degrees -of heat beyond the compass of the mercurial thermometer. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, -_metron_, a measure.] - -PYROMORPHOUS, p[=i]-r[=o]-mor'fus, _adj._ assuming a crystallised form -after fusion by heat. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _morph[=e]_, form.] - -PYRONOMICS, p[=i]-r[=o]-nom'iks, _n._ the science of heat. - -PYROPE, p[=i]'r[=o]p, _n._ a gem nearly allied to garnet, of a deep-red -colour and translucent, generally occurring in roundish grains. [Gr. -_pyr[=o]pos_, fiery-eyed--_pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _[=o]ps_, _opos_, the -face.] - -PYROPHANOUS, p[=i]-rof'a-nus, _adj._ made transparent by heat.--_n._ -PY'ROPH[=A]NE, an opal translucent while hot by melted wax. [Gr. _pyr_, -fire, _phainein_, to show.] - -PYROPHONE, p[=i]'r[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ a musical instrument invented by Eugene -Kastner (1873), in which the tones are produced by means of burning jets of -hydrogen enclosed in graduated glass tubes. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, -_ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.] - -PYROPHORUS, p[=i]-rof'[=o]-rus, _n._ a substance which takes fire on -exposure to air: a genus of elaterid beetles.--_n._ PY'ROPH[=O]RE, any -composition which takes fire on exposure to air or water.--_adjs._ -PYROPHOR'IC, PYROPH'OROUS. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _pherein_, to carry.] - -PYROPHOSPHORIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-fos-for'ik, _adj._ formed by heating phosphoric -acid. - -PYROPHOTOGRAPHY, p[=i]-r[=o]-f[=o]-tog'ra-fi, _n._ any photographic process -in which heat is applied to fix the picture. - -PYROSCOPE, p[=i]'r[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for measuring the -intensity of radiating heat. [Gr. _pyr_, _pyros_, fire, _skopein_, to -view.] - -PYROSILVER, p[=i]-r[=o]-sil'v[.e]r, _n._ electroplated ware in which the -silver is made to sink into the pores of the plated baser metal by the -action of heat. - -PYROSIS, p[=i]-r[=o]'sis, _n._ water-brash (q.v.). [Gr.,--_pyr_, fire.] - -PYROSOMA, p[=i]-r[=o]-s[=o]'ma, _n._ a genus of compound Tunicates, with -brilliant phosphorescence, inhabiting the Mediterranean and the -Atlantic--fire-flames. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _s[=o]ma_, body.] - -PYROSTAT, p[=i]'r[=o]-stat, _n._ an automatic draught-regulator for -chimney-stacks, smoke-pipes, &c. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _statos_--_histanai_, to -stand.] - -PYROSULPHURIC, p[=i]-r[=o]-sul-f[=u]'rik, _adj._ obtained from sulphuric -acid by the action of heat. - -PYROTECHNICS, p[=i]-r[=o]-tek'niks, _n._ the art of making fireworks: the -use and application of fireworks--also PY'ROTECHNY.--_adjs._ PYROTECH'NIC, --AL, pertaining to fireworks.--_n._ PYROTECH'NIST, a maker of fireworks: -one skilled in pyrotechny. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _technikos_, -artistic--_techn[=e]_, art.] - -PYROTIC, p[=i]-rot'ik, _adj._ burning: caustic.--_n._ a caustic medicine. -[Gr. _pyr[=o]tikos_--_pyr_, _pyros_, fire.] - -PYROXENE, p[=i]'rok-s[=e]n, _n._ an important mineral species, occurring in -monoclinic crystals.--_adj._ PYROXEN'IC. [Gr. _pyr_, fire, _xenos_, a -guest.] - -PYROXYLIC, p[=i]-rok-sil'ik, _adj._ obtained by distilling wood.--_ns._ -PYROX'YLE, PYROX'YLIN, -E, gun-cotton.--PYROXYLIC SPIRIT, a mixture of -acetone, methyl-alcohol, acetate of methyl, &c., obtained by the -destructive distillation of wood in the manufacture of pyroligneous acid. -[Gr. _pyr_, fire, _xylon_, wood.] - -PYRRHIC, pir'ik, _n._ a kind of war-dance among the ancient Greeks: a -poetical foot consisting of two short syllables.--_adj._ pertaining to the -dance or to the poetical foot.--_n._ PYR'RHICIST, one who dances the -pyrrhic. [Gr. _pyrrhich[=e]_ (_orch[=e]sis_), a kind of war-dance, so -called from _Pyrrhichos_, the inventor.] - -PYRRHIC, pir'ik, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Pyrrhus_, king of Epirus -(318-272 B.C.).--PYRRHIC VICTORY, a victory gained at too great a cost, in -allusion to Pyrrhus's exclamation after his victory of Asculum (279), -'Another such victory and we are lost!' - -PYRRHONIST, pir'r[=o]-nist, _n._ one who holds the tenets of _Pyrrho_, a -philosopher of Elis (360-270 B.C.), who taught universal scepticism: a -sceptic.--_adjs._ PYRRH[=O]'NEAN, PYRRHON'IC.--_n._ PYR'RHONISM, -scepticism. - -PYRRHOUS, pir'us, _adj._ reddish. [Gr.] - -PYRUS, p[=i]'rus, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of the natural order -_Rosaceae_, sub-order _Pomeae_. [L. _pyrus_, for _pirus_, a pear-tree.] - -PYTHAGOREAN, pi-thag-[=o]-r[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to _Pythagoras_ (_c._ -532 B.C.), a celebrated Greek philosopher, or to his philosophy.--_n._ a -follower of Pythagoras.--_ns._ PYTHAG'ORISM, PYTHAGOR[=E]'ANISM, his -doctrines.--PYTHAGOREAN PROPOSITION, the 47th proposition of Euclid, Book -I., said to have been discovered by Pythagoras; PYTHAGOREAN SYSTEM, the -astronomical system of Copernicus, erroneously attributed to Pythagoras; -PYTHAGOREAN TRIANGLE, a triad of whole numbers proportional to the sides of -a right-angled triangle--e.g. 3, 4, 5. - -PYTHIAN, pith'i-an, _adj._ pertaining to the _Pythia_, the priestess of -Apollo at Delphi, who delivered the oracles of the god there: noting one of -the four national festivals of ancient Greece, in honour of Apollo, held -every four years at Delphi.--PYTHIAN VERSE, the dactylic hexameter. - -[Illustration] - -PYTHOGENIC, p[=i]-th[=o]-jen'ik, _adj._ produced by filth.--_n._ -PYTHOGEN'ESIS. [Gr. _pythein_, to rot, root of _gignesthai_, to become.] - -PYTHOMETRIC, p[=i]-th[=o]-met'rik, _adj._ pertaining to the gauging of -casks. [Gr. _pithos_, a wine-jar, _metron_, a measure.] - -PYTHON, p[=i]'thon, _n._ a genus of serpents of the boa family, all natives -of the Old World, and differing from the true boas by having the plates on -the under surface of the tail double: a demon, spirit.--_n._ PY'THONESS, -the priestess of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, in Greece: a -witch.--_adj._ PYTHON'IC, pretending to foretell future events, like the -Pythoness: prophetic: like a python.--_ns._ PY'THONISM, the art of -predicting events by divination; PY'THONIST. [Gr. _Pyth[=o]n_, the serpent -slain near Delphi by Apollo.] - -PYX, piks, _n._ (_R.C._) the sacred box in which the host is kept after -consecration: the box at the British Mint containing sample coins.--_v.t._ -to test the weight and fineness of, as the coin deposited in the -pyx.--TRIAL OF THE PYX, final trial by weight and assay of the gold and -silver coins of the United Kingdom, prior to their issue from the Mint. [L. -_pyxis_, a box--Gr. _pyxis_--_pyxos_ (L. _buxus_), the box-tree.] - -PYXIDIUM, pik-sid'i-um, _n._ (_bot._) a pod or seed-vessel which opens in -two halves, the upper one resembling a lid. [Gr. _pyxidion_, dim. of -_pyxis_.] - - * * * * * - -Q the seventeenth letter of our alphabet--absent from the Anglo-Saxon -alphabet, in which the sound was expressed by _cw_; in Scotland replacing -_hw_, now always followed by _u_: Roman numeral=500. - -QUA, kw[:a], _adv._ as far as. [L.] - -QUAB, QUOB, kwob, _v.i._ (_obs._) to tremble. - -QUACK, kwak, _v.i._ to cry like a duck: to boast: to practise as a -quack.--_v.t._ to doctor by quackery.--_n._ the cry of a duck: a boastful -pretender to skill which he does not possess, esp. medical skill: a -mountebank.--_adj._ pertaining to quackery: used by quacks.--_n._ -QUACK'ERY, the pretensions or practice of a quack, esp. in -medicine.--_adj._ QUACK'ISH, like a quack: boastful: trickish.--_n._ -QUACK'ISM.--_v.i._ QUACK'LE (_rare_), to quack, croak.--_n._ QUACK'SALVER, -a quack who deals in salves, ointments, &c.: a quack generally.--_adj._ -QUACK'SALVING. [Imit.; cf. Ger. _quaken_, Dut. _kwaken_, Gr. _koax_, a -croak.] - -QUAD, kwod, _n._ a quadrangle: (_slang_) a prison.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to put -in prison.--Also QUOD. [_Quadrangle._] - -QUAD, kwod, _n._ (_print._) an abbreviation of _quadrat_.--_v.t._ to fill -with quadrats. - -QUADRA, kwod'ra, _n._ a frame enclosing a bas-relief:--_pl._ QUAD'RAE -(-[=e]). [L. _quadrus_, square.] - -QUADRAGENARIAN, kwod-ra-j[=e]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ consisting of forty: -forty years old.--_n._ QUAD'RAGENE, an indulgence for forty days. - -QUADRAGESIMA, kwod-ra-jes'i-ma, _n._ the Latin name for the whole season of -Lent, with its forty days: the name commonly assigned to the first Sunday -in Lent, by analogy with the three Sundays which precede -Lent--Septuagesima, Sexagesima, and Quinquagesima.--_adj._ QUADRAGES'IMAL, -belonging to or used in Lent. [L.--_quadragesimus_, -fortieth--_quadraginta_, forty--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUADRANGLE, kwod'rang-gl, _n._ a square surrounded by buildings: (_geom._) -a plane figure having four equal sides and angles: in the jargon of -palmistry, the space between the line of the heart and that of the -head.--_adj._ QUADRANG'ULAR, of the form of a quadrangle.--_adv._ -QUADRANG'ULARLY. [Fr.,--L. _quadrangulum_--_quatuor_, four, _angulus_, an -angle.] - -QUADRANS, kwod'ranz, _n._ a Roman copper coin, the fourth part of the -_as_:--_pl._ QUADRAN'TES. [L.] - -QUADRANT, kwod'rant, _n._ (_geom._) the fourth part of a circle, or an arc -of 90deg: an instrument used in astronomy for the determination of angular -measurements: an instrument of navigation for measuring the altitude of the -sun.--_adj._ QUADRANT'AL, pertaining to, equal to, or included in a -quadrant. [L. _quadrans_, from _quatuor_, four.] - -QUADRAT, kwod'rat, _n._ a piece of type-metal lower than the letters, used -in spacing between words and filling out blank lines (commonly -QUAD)--distinguished as _en_ ([En quadrat]), _em_ ([Em quadrat]), _two-em_ -([Two-Em quadrat]), and _three-em_ ([Three-Em quadrat]). - -QUADRATE, kwod'r[=a]t, _adj._ squared: having four equal sides and four -right angles: divisible into four equal parts: (_fig._) balanced: exact: -suited.--_n._ a square or quadrate figure: the quadrate bone, that between -the lower jaw and the cranium in birds and reptiles, suspending the lower -jaw.--_v.i._ to square or agree with: to correspond.--_adj._ QUADRAT'IC, -pertaining to, containing, or denoting a square.--_n._ (_alg._) an equation -in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is the second: an old -instrument for measuring latitudes: (_pl._) that branch of algebra which -treats of quadratic equations.--_adj._ QUADRATIF'EROUS, having a distinct -quadrate bone.--_ns._ QUADR[=A]'TRIX, a curve by which may be found -straight lines equal to the circumference of circles or other curves; -QUAD'R[=A]TURE, a squaring: (_geom._) the finding, exactly or -approximately, of a square that shall be equal to a given figure of some -other shape: the position of a heavenly body when 90deg distant from -another: (_Milt._) a square space; QUADR[=A]'TUS, the _quadratus femoris_, -or square muscle of the femur in man, the _quadratus lumborum_, that of the -loins, the _depressor labii inferioris_, that of the chin, which draws down -the upper lip.--QUADRATURE OF THE CIRCLE, the problem of squaring the -circle, insoluble both by the arithmetical and the geometrical -method.--METHOD OF QUADRATURES, the name applied to any arithmetical method -of determining the area of a curve. [O. Fr. _quadrat_--L. _quadratus_, -pa.p. of _quadr[=a]re_, to square--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUADREL, kwod'rel, _n._ a square stone, brick, or tile: a square piece of -turf. - -QUADRENNIAL, kwod-ren'yal, _adj._ comprising four years: once in four -years.--_adv._ QUADRENN'IALLY.--_ns._ QUADRENN'IATE, QUADRENN'IUM, -QUADRIENN'IUM, a period of four years. [L. _quadrennis_--_quatuor_, four, -_annus_, a year.] - -QUADRIC, kwod'rik, _adj._ (_alg._) of the second degree, quadratic--esp. in -solid geometry and where there are more than two variables.--_n._ -QUAD'RICONE, a quadric cone. - -QUADRICENTENNIAL, kwod-ri-sen-ten'i-al, _adj._ pertaining to a period of -400 years.--_n._ the 400th anniversary of an event or its celebration. - -QUADRICEPS, kwod'ri-seps, _n._ the great muscle which extends the leg upon -the thigh.--_adj._ QUADRICIP'ITAL. [L. _quatuor_, four, _caput_, head.] - -QUADRICORN, kwod'ri-korn, _adj._ and _n._ having four horns, antennae, -&c.--Also QUADRICORN'OUS. - -QUADRICYCLE, kwod'ri-s[=i]-kl, _n._ a four-wheeled vehicle propelled by the -feet. [L. _quatuor_, four, Low L. _cyclus_--Gr. _kyklos_, a circle.] - -QUADRIDENTATE, kwod-ri-den't[=a]t, _adj._ having four teeth. -QUADRIDIGITATE, kwod-ri-dij'i-t[=a]t, _adj._ having four digits: -quadrisulcate. - -QUADRIFID, kwod'ri-fid, _adj._ four-cleft. - -QUADRIFOLIATE, kwod-ri-f[=o]'li-[=a]t, _adj._ four-leaved. - -QUADRIFORM, kwod'ri-form, _adj._ fourfold in form, arrangement, &c. - -QUADRIGA, kwod-r[=i]'ga, _n._ in Greek and Roman times a two-wheeled car -drawn by four horses abreast:--_pl._ QUADR[=I]'GAE. [L., a contr. of -_quadrijugae_--_quatuor_, four, _jugum_, a yoke.] - -QUADRIGEMINOUS, kwod-ri-jem'i-nus, _adj._ fourfold, having four similar -parts.--Also QUADRIGEM'INAL, QUADRIGEM'IN[=A]TE. - -QUADRIGENARIOUS, kwod-ri-j[=e]-n[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ consisting of four -hundred. - -QUADRIJUGATE, kwod-ri-j[=oo]'g[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) pinnate with four -pairs of leaflets.--Also QUADRIJU'GOUS. - -QUADRILATERAL, kwod-ri-lat'[.e]r-al, _adj._ having four sides.--_n._ -(_geom._) a plane figure having four sides: the four fortresses--Mantua, -Verona, Peschiera, and Legnago--which form the points of a -quadrilateral.--_n._ QUADRILAT'ERALNESS. [L. _quadrilaterus_--_quatuor_, -four, _latus_, _lateris_, a side.] - -QUADRILITERAL, kwod-ri-lit'[.e]r-al, _adj._ of four letters.--_n._ a word -or a root having four letters. [L. _quatuor_, four, _litera_, a letter.] - -QUADRILLE, kwa-dril', _n._ a square dance for four couples, consisting of -five movements: music for such square dances: a game played by four with -forty cards.--_v.i._ to play at quadrille: to dance quadrilles. [Fr.,--Sp. -_cuadra_, a square--L. _quadra_, a square--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUADRILLION, kwod-ril'yun, _n._ a million raised to the fourth power, -represented by a unit with twenty-four ciphers. [Coined from L. _quater_, -four times, on the model of _million_.] - -QUADRILOBATE, kwod-ri-l[=o]'b[=a]t, _adj._ having four lobes or -lobules.--Also QUAD'RILOBED. - -QUADRILOCULAR, kwod-ri-lok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having four cells, cavities, or -compartments. - -QUADRIMANOUS, kwod-rim'a-nus, _adj._ Same as QUADRUMANOUS. - -QUADRINOMIAL, kwod-ri-n[=o]'mi-al, _adj._ (_alg._) consisting of four -divisions or terms.--_n._ an expression of four terms. [L. _quatuor_, four, -Gr. _nom[=e]_, a division--_nemein_, to distribute.] - -QUADRIPARTITE, kwod-ri-par't[=i]t, _adj._ divided into four parts: (_bot._) -deeply cleft into four parts, as a leaf: (_archit._) divided, as a vault, -into four compartments.--_n._ a treatise divided into four parts.--_adv._ -QUADRIPAR'TITELY.--_n._ QUADRIPARTI'TION. [L.,--_quatuor_, four, -_part[=i]re_, _-[=i]tum_, to divide.] - -QUADRIPENNATE, kwod-ri-pen'[=a]t, _adj._ and _n._ having four wings. - -QUADRIPHYLLOUS, kwod-ri-fil'us, _adj._ having four leaves. - -QUADRIREME, kwod'ri-r[=e]m, _n._ a galley with four benches of oars. [L. -_quadriremis_--_quatuor_, four, _remus_, an oar.] - -QUADRISECTION, kwod-ri-sek'shun, _n._ a division into four equal parts. [L. -_quatuor_, four, _sec[=a]re_, _sectum_, to cut.] - -QUADRISYLLABLE, kwod-ri-sil'a-bl _n._ a word consisting of four -syllables.--_adjs._ QUADRISYLLAB'IC, -AL. [L. _quatuor_, four, _syllaba_, a -syllable.] - -QUADRIVALVULAR, kwod-ri-val'v[=u]-lar, _adj._ having four valves or -valvular parts.--Also QUAD'RIVALVE. - -QUADRIVIUM, kwod-riv'i-um, _n._ the Pythagorean name for the four branches -of mathematics--_arithmetic_, _music_, _geometry_, _astronomy_--when -preceded by the trivium of _grammar_, _logic_, and _rhetoric_--together -making up the seven liberal arts taught in the schools of the Roman -Empire.--_adjs._ QUADRIV'IAL, QUADRIV'IOUS. [L., 'the place where four -roads meet'--L. _quatuor_, four, _via_, a way.] - -QUADROON, kwod-r[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a mulatto and a white -person, one 'quarter-blooded.'--Also QUARTEROON'. [Sp. -_cuarteron_--_cuarto_, a fourth.] - -QUADRUMANE, kwod'r[=oo]-m[=a]n, _n._ one of the QUADRU'MANA, an order of -mammalia having four hands, or four feet, with an opposable thumb--also -QUAD'RUMAN.--_adj._ QUADRU'MANOUS, having four hands. [L. _quatuor_, four, -_manus_, a hand.] - -QUADRUPED, kwod'r[=oo]-ped, _n._ a four-footed animal.--_adjs._ QUAD'RUPED, --AL, having four feet.--_n._ QUAD'RUPEDISM, the state of being a quadruped. -[L. _quatuor_, four, _pes_, _pedis_, a foot.] - -QUADRUPLE, kwod'r[=oo]-pl, _adj._ fourfold.--_n._ four times the quantity -or number.--_v.t._ to increase fourfold.--_v.i._ to become four times as -many.--_n._ QUAD'RUPLET, any combination of four things--also QUART'ET: one -of four born at a birth.--_adj._ QUAD'RUPLEX, fourfold, esp. of a -telegraphic system capable of sending four messages, two in each direction, -simultaneously over one wire.--_n._ an instrument of this kind.--_v.t._ to -arrange for quadruplex transmission.--_adj._ QUADRU'PLICATE, -fourfold.--_n._ one of four corresponding things.--_v.t._ to make -fourfold.--_ns._ QUADRUPLIC[=A]'TION; QUADRU'PLIC[=A]TURE; -QUADRUPLIC'ITY.--_adv._ QUAD'RUPLY, in a fourfold manner.--QUADRUPLE -ALLIANCE, a league formed in 1718 between England, France, Austria, and -Holland to counteract the ambitious schemes of Alberoni. [Fr.,--L. -_quadruplus_--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUAESITUM, kw[=e]-s[=i]'tum, _n._ something sought or required:--_pl._ -QUAES[=I]'TA. [L. neut. of _quaesitus_, pa.p. of _quaer[)e]re_, to seek.] - -QUAESTOR, kw[=e]s'tor, _n._ a magistrate with charge of the Roman public -funds--originally who investigated cases of murder and executed sentence: -in the Middle Ages an officer who announced indulgences: a treasurer--also -QUES'TOR.--_ns._ QUAES'TORSHIP, QUES'TORSHIP. [L.,--_quaerere_, -_quaesitum_, to seek.] - -QUAFF, kwaf, _v.t._ to drink in large draughts.--_v.i._ to drink -largely.--_n._ QUAFF'ER. [_Quach_, _quaich_,--Gael. and Ir. _cuach_, a -bowl.] - -QUAG, kwag, _n._ a quagmire (q.v.).--_adj._ QUAGG'Y, spongy, boggy. - -QUAGGA, kwag'a, _n._ one of the three species of striped wild horses, or -more properly wild asses, peculiar to Africa, of which the zebra is the -type. [Hottentot.] - -QUAGMIRE, kwag'm[=i]r, _n._ wet, boggy ground that yields under the -feet.--_v.t._ to entangle, as in a quagmire.--_adj._ QUAG'MIRY. [_Quake_ -and _mire_.] - -QUAHOG, kwa-hog', _n._ the common round clam of the North American Atlantic -coast.--Also QUAHAUG'. [Amer. Ind. _poquauhock_.] - -QUAID, kw[=a]d, _adj._ (_Spens._) quelled, crushed. - -QUAIGH, kw[=a]h, _n._ (_Scot._) a kind of drinking-cup, usually made of -wood. [Gael. _cuach_, a cup.] - -QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _v.i._ to cower: to fail in spirit: (_Shak._) to -slacken.--_v.t._ to subdue: to terrify.--_n._ QUAIL'ING (_Shak._), act of -one who quails: a failing in courage. [A.S. _cwelan_, to die; Ger. -_qu[:a]len_, to suffer.] - -QUAIL, kw[=a]l, _n._ a small gallinaceous bird, related to the partridge -family: (_Shak._) a whore.--_ns._ QUAIL'-CALL, -PIPE, a call for alluring -quails into a net. [O. Fr. _quaille_--Low L. _quaquila_--Old Dut. -_quakele_; cf. Low Ger. _quackel_, and _Quack_.] - -QUAINT, kw[=a]nt, _adj._ unusual: odd: whimsical: (_obs._) prim, affectedly -nice: fine: (_Shak._) clever.--_adv._ QUAINT'LY.--_n._ QUAINT'NESS. [O. Fr. -_coint_--L. _cognitus_, known. Some confusion with L. _comptus_, neat, is -probable.] - -QUAKE, kw[=a]k, _v.i._ to tremble, esp. with cold or fear: to tremble from -want of firmness.--_v.t._ to cause to tremble:--_pr.p._ qu[=a]'king; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ qu[=a]ked.--_n._ a shake: a shudder.--_ns._ -QU[=A]'KINESS; QU[=A]'KING; QU[=A]'KING-GRASS, a native grass of the genus -_Briza_, so called from the tremulous motion of its spikelets.--_adv._ -QU[=A]'KINGLY.--_adj._ QU[=A]'KY, shaky. [A.S. _cwacian_; perh. allied to -_quick_.] - -QUAKER, kw[=a]'k[.e]r, _n._ one of the Society of Friends, a religious sect -founded by George Fox (1624-90): a dummy cannon: a collector's name for -certain noctuoid moths.--_n._ QU[=A]'KER-BIRD, the sooty -albatross.--_n.pl._ QU[=A]'KER-BUTT'ONS, the round seeds of _nux -vomica_.--_ns._ QU[=A]'KER-COL'OUR, drab; QU[=A]'KERDOM, the Quakers as a -class; QU[=A]'KERESS, a female Quaker.--_adjs._ QU[=A]'KERISH, -QU[=A]'KERLY, like a Quaker.--_n._ QU[=A]'KERISM, the tenets of the -Quakers.--STEWED QUAKER, molasses or honey, with butter and vinegar, taken -hot against colds. [The nickname Quakers was first given them by Judge -Bennet at Derby, because Fox bade him and those present _quake_ at the word -of the Lord.] - -QUALIFY, kwol'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to render capable or suitable: to furnish -with legal power: to limit by modifications: to soften: to abate: to reduce -the strength of: to vary: (_Scots law_) to prove, confirm.--_v.i._ to take -the necessary steps to fit one's self for a certain position.--_adj._ -QUAL'IFIABLE.--_ns._ QUALIFIC[=A]'TION, that which qualifies: a quality -that fits a person for a place, &c.: (_logic_) the attaching of quality, or -the distinction of affirmative and negative, to a term: abatement: -(_Shak._) pacification; QUAL'IFIC[=A]TIVE, that which qualifies, modifies, -or restricts: a qualifying term or statement; QUAL'IFIC[=A]TOR (_R.C._), -one who prepares ecclesiastical causes for trial.--_adj._ -QUAL'IFIC[=A]TORY.--_p.adj._ QUAL'IFIED, fitted: competent: modified: -limited.--_adv._ QUAL'IFIEDLY.--_ns._ QUAL'IFIEDNESS; QUAL'IFIER.--_adj._ -QUAL'IFYING.--PROPERTY QUALIFICATION, the holding of a certain amount of -property as a condition to the right of suffrage, &c. [Fr.,--Low L. -_qualific[=a]re_--L. _qualis_, of what sort, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -QUALITY, kwol'i-ti, _n._ that which makes a thing what it is: property: -peculiar power: acquisition: character: rank: superior birth or character: -(_logic_) the character of a proposition as affirmative or negative: -(_Shak._) character in respect to dryness or moisture, heat or cold: -(_Shak._) cause, occasion.--_adj._ QUAL'IT[=A]TIVE, relating to quality: -(_chem._) determining the nature of components.--_adv._ -QUAL'IT[=A]TIVELY.--_adj._ QUAL'ITIED, furnished with -qualities.--ACCIDENTAL QUALITY, a quality whose removal would not impair -the identity of its subject, as opposed to an _Essential_ quality; THE -QUALITY, persons of high rank, collectively. [Fr.,--L. _qualitas_, -_qualitatis_.] - -QUALM, kw[:a]m, _n._ a sudden attack of illness: a sensation of nausea: a -scruple, as of conscience.--_adj._ QUALM'ISH, affected with qualm, or a -disposition to vomit, or with slight sickness: uneasy.--_adv._ -QUALM'ISHLY.--_n._ QUALM'ISHNESS. [A.S. _cwealm_, death; Ger. _qualm_, -nausea; Sw. _qvalm_, a suffocating heat.] - -QUAMASH, kwa-mash', _n._ camass. - -QUANDANG, kwan'dang, _n._ a small Australian tree, with edible fruit, the -native peach. [Austr.] - -QUANDARY, kwon-d[=a]'ri, or kwon'da-ri, _n._ a state of difficulty or -uncertainty: a hard plight. [Prob. M. E. _wandreth_, peril--Ice. -_vandraetdi_, trouble.] - -QUANNET, kwan'et, _n._ a file for scraping zinc plates: a kind of file used -in comb-making. - -QUANT, kwant, _n._ a pushing or jumping pole, with a flat cap at the end, -used in marshes. - -QUANTIC, kwon'tik, _n._ (_math._) a rational integral homogeneous function -of two or more variables.--_adj._ QUAN'TICAL. [L. _quantus_, how great.] - -QUANTIFY, kwon'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to determine with respect to quantity: to -fix or express the quantity of.--_n._ QUANTIFIC[=A]'TION, the art, process, -or form by which anything is quantified.--QUANTIFICATION OF THE PREDICATE, -a phrase belonging to logic, signifying the attachment of the signs of -quantity to the predicate. [L. _quantus_, how great, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -QUANTITY, kwon'ti-ti, _n._ the amount of anything: bulk: size: a -determinate amount: a sum or bulk: a large portion: (_logic_) the extent of -a conception: (_gram._) the measure of a syllable: (_mus._) the relative -duration of a tone: (_math._) anything which can be increased, divided, or -measured: (_Shak._) a small part: (_Shak._) proportion.--_adj._ -QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVE, relating to quantity: measurable in quantity: (_chem._) -determining the relative proportions of components.--_advs._ -QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVELY, QUAN'TITIVELY.--_ns._ QUAN'TIT[=A]TIVENESS; -QUANTIV'ALENCE (_chem._), the combining power of an atom as compared with -that of the hydrogen atom, valence.--_adj._ QUANTIV'ALENT.--QUANTITATIVE -LOGIC, the doctrine of probability.--CONSTANT QUANTITY (_math._), a -quantity that remains the same while others vary. [Fr.,--L. _quantitas_, -_quantitatis_--_quantus_, how much--_quam_, how.] - -QUANTUM, kwon'tum, _n._ quantity: amount:--_pl._ QUAN'TA.--QUANTUM -SUFFICIT--as much as is sufficient. [L. _quantum_, neut. of _quantus_, how -great.] - -QUAQUAVERSAL, kw[:a]-kw[:a]-ver'sal, _adj._ (_geol._) inclining outward in -all directions from a centre: facing all ways.--_adv._ QUAQUAVER'SALLY. [L. -_quaqua_, wheresoever, _vert[)e]re_, _versum_, to turn.] - -QUARANTINE, kwor'an-t[=e]n, _n._ a forced abstinence from communication -with the shore which ships are compelled to undergo when they are last from -some port where certain infectious diseases are raging--the time originally -forty days: (_coll._) the isolation of a person, house, district, &c. -afflicted with or recovering from contagious disease.--_v.t._ to prohibit -from intercourse from fear of infection.--_adj._ QUARANTIN'ABLE, admitting -of, or controlled by, quarantine.--QUARANTINE FLAG, a yellow flag displayed -by a ship to signify the presence on board of contagious disease. [Fr. -_quarantaine_--L. _quadraginta_, forty--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUARL, kw[:a]rl, _n._ a segment of fireclay used in making covers for -retorts, &c. - -QUARL, kw[:a]rl, _n._ a medusa or jelly-fish. - -QUARREL, kwor'el, _n._ a square of glass placed diagonally: a lozenge or -diamond: a diamond pane of glass: a small square tile: a square-headed -arrow for a cross-bow: a graver, glaziers' diamond, or other tool having a -several-edged head or point.--_ns._ QUARR'ELET, a small lozenge; -QUARR'EL-PANE. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _quadrellus_--L. _quadrus_, -square--_quatuor_, four.] - -QUARREL, kwor'el, _n._ an angry dispute: a breach of friendship: (_Shak._) -a cause of complaint: a brawl: (_Shak._) a quarreller.--_v.i._ to cavil, -find fault: to dispute violently: to fight: to disagree.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) -to find fault with: to affect by quarrelling:--_pr.p._ quarr'elling; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quarr'elled.--_ns._ QUARR'ELLER; QUARR'ELLING, strife: -dissension: brawling.--_adjs._ QUARR'ELLOUS (_Shak._), quarrelsome; -QUARR'ELSOME, disposed to quarrel: brawling: easily provoked.--_adv._ -QUARR'ELSOMELY.--_n._ QUARR'ELSOMENESS.--QUARREL WITH ONE'S BREAD AND -BUTTER, to act in a way prejudicial to one's means of subsistence.--PICK A -QUARREL WITH, to try to get into a dispute with; TAKE UP A QUARREL -(_Shak._), to settle a dispute. [O. Fr. _querele_--L. _querela_--_queri_, -_questus_, to complain.] - -QUARRENDER, kwor'en-d[.e]r, _n._ (_prov._) a kind of apple. - -QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ an excavation from which stone is taken for building, -&c., by cutting, blasting, &c.--_v.t._ to dig from a quarry:--_pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ quarr'ied.--_adj._ QUARR'IABLE, capable of being quarried.--_ns._ -QUARR'IER, QUARR'Y-MAN, a man who works in a quarry.--_adj._ QUARR'Y-FACED, -rough-faced.--_ns._ QUARR'YING-MACHINE', a rock-drill; QUARR'Y-WA'TER, the -water contained in the pores of stone while unquarried, or newly quarried, -before its evaporation. [O. Fr. _quarriere_ (Fr. _carri[`e]re_)--Low L. -_quadraria_--L. _quadratus_, square.] - -QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ the entrails of the game given to the dogs after the -chase: the object of the chase: the game a hawk is pursuing or has killed: -a heap of dead game. [O. Fr. _curee_, _cuiree_--_cuir_, the skin--L. -_corium_, hide.] - -QUARRY, kwor'i, _n._ a small square tile.--_adj._ QUARR'IED, paved with -such. [O. Fr. _quarre_--L. _quadratus_, square.] - -QUART, QUARTE, k[:a]rt, _n._ a sequence of four cards: one of the eight -thrusts and parries in fencing.--QUART AND TIERCE, practice between -fencers. [Fr. _quarte_.] - -QUART, kwort, or kwawrt, _n._ the fourth part of a gallon, or two pints: a -vessel containing two pints: (_Spens._) a quarter: the peck or quarter of a -bushel: (_mus._) the interval of a fourth.--_n._ QUART[=A]'TION, the -parting of gold and silver by means of nitric acid.--QUART D'['E]CU -(_Shak._), a cardecu. [Fr. _quarte_--L. _quartus_, fourth--_quatuor_, -four.] - -QUARTAN, kwor'tan, _adj._ occurring every fourth day, as a fever or -ague.--_n._ an ague of this character. [Fr. _quartaine_--L. _quartanus_, of -the fourth.] - -QUARTER, kwor't[.e]r, _n._ a fourth part: the fourth part of a cwt.=28 lb. -avoirdupois (abbrev. _qr._): 8 bushels, as a measure of capacity, for -grain, &c.: the fourth part of an hour--of the year--of the moon's -period--of a carcass (including a limb)--of the horizon, &c.: a cardinal -point: (_her._) one of the four parts into which a shield is divided by -quartering (_dexter chief_, _sinister chief_, _dexter base_, _sinister -base_), an ordinary occupying one-fourth of the field: a region of a -hemisphere: a division of a town, &c.: place of lodging, as for soldiers, -esp. in _pl._: mercy granted to a disabled antagonist, prob. from the idea -of the captor sending the prisoner to his quarters: (_Shak._) peace, -concord: (_naut._) the part of a ship's side between the mainmast and the -stern.--_v.t._ to divide into four equal parts: to divide into parts or -compartments: to furnish with quarters: to lodge: to allot or share: to -furnish with entertainment: (_her._) to bear as an appendage to the -hereditary arms: to beat the ground for game.--_v.i._ to be stationed: to -shift or change position: to range for game: to drive across a road from -side to side.--_ns._ QUAR'TER[=A]GE, a quarterly payment: quarters, -lodging: a name applied to a particular tax; QUAR'TER-BACK, a certain -player or position in football (see BACK); QUAR'TER-BEND, a bend in a pipe -or rod altering its direction 90deg; QUAR'TER-BILL, a list of the stations -for men on board a man-of-war during action; QUAR'TER-BLANK'ET, a -horse-blanket for the hind quarters.--_n.pl._ QUAR'TER-BLOCKS, blocks -fitted under the quarters of a yard, on each side the slings, for the -topsail-sheets, &c., to reeve through.--_ns._ QUAR'TER-BOARD, topgallant -bulwarks; QUAR'TER-BOAT, any boat hung to davits over the ship's quarter; -QUAR'TER-BOOT, a leather boot to protect an overreaching horse's fore feet -from being struck by the hind feet.--_adj._ QUAR'TER-BOUND, having leather -or cloth on the back only.--_n.pl._ QUAR'TER-BOYS, automata which strike -the quarter-hours in certain belfries.--_adjs._ QUAR'TER-BRED, having only -one-fourth pure blood, as horses, cattle, &c.; QUAR'TER-CAST, cut in the -quarter of the hoof.--_ns._ QUAR'TER-DAY, the first or last day of a -quarter, on which rent or interest is paid; QUAR'TER-DECK, the part of the -deck of a ship abaft the mainmast; QUAR'TER-DECK'ER (_coll._), a stickler -for small points of etiquette on board ship.--_adj._ QUAR'TERED, divided -into four equal parts: lodged, stationed for lodging: having hind quarters -of a particular kind, as a short-_quartered_ horse: sawed into quarters: -(_her._) having a square piece cut out of the centre.--_ns._ -QUAR'TER-[=E]'VIL, -ILL, symptomatic anthrax, an infectious and frequently -fatal disease of cattle, marked by hemorrhage into the subcutaneous areolar -tissue of the limbs--also _Black-leg_, _Quarter_, or _Spaul_, &c.; -QUAR'TERFOIL (_archit._), an ornamental carving disposed in four segments -of circles like an expanded flower; QUAR'TER-GALL'ERY, a projecting balcony -on each of the quarters of a large ship: a small structure on a ship's -quarters containing the water-closet and bath-tub; QUAR'TER-GUN'NER, a -petty-officer in the United States navy, having care, under the gunner, of -arms, ammunition, &c.--_adj._ QUAR'TERING, sailing nearly before the wind: -striking on the quarter of a ship, as a wind.--_n._ assignment of quarters -to soldiers: (_archit._) a series of small upright posts for forming -partitions of rooms, lathed and plastered only, or boarded also: (_her._) -the bearing of two or more coats-of-arms on a shield divided by horizontal -and perpendicular lines, denoting the alliances of the family--also, one of -the divisions thus formed.--_ns._ QUAR'TERING-BLOCK, a block on which the -body of a person condemned to be quartered was cut in pieces; -QUAR'TER-LINE, the position of ships of a column ranged in a line when one -is four points forward or abaft another's beam.--_adj._ QUAR'TERLY, -relating to a quarter: consisting of, or containing, a fourth part: once a -quarter of a year.--_adv._ once a quarter: (_her._) arranged according to -the four quarters of a shield.--_n._ a periodical published every quarter -of a year.--_ns._ QUAR'TERMASTER, an officer who looks after the quarters -of the soldiers, and attends to the supplies--he is assisted by a -non-commissioned officer named QUAR'TERMASTER-SER'GEANT: (_naut._) a -first-class petty officer who attends to the helm, signals, &c.; -QUAR'TERMASTER-GEN'ERAL, in the British army, a staff-officer of high rank -(major-general or colonel) who deals with all questions of transport, -marches, quarters, fuel, clothing, &c.; QUAR'TERN, the fourth part of a -peck, a stone, or a pint: the quarter of a pound; QUAR'TERN-LOAF, a loaf -weighing, generally, four pounds; QUARTEROON' (see QUADROON); -QUAR'TER-PLATE, in photography, a size of plate measuring 3-1/4 by 4-1/4 -inches: a picture of this size; QUAR'TER-ROUND, a moulding having an -outline approximating to a quadrant, an _ovolo_: any tool adapted for -making such; QUAR'TER-SEAL, the seal kept by the director of the Chancery -of Scotland--the _testimonial_ of the Great Seal; QUAR'TER-SES'SIONS, a -criminal court held quarterly by Justices of the Peace, established in -1350-51, but having had most of its administrative powers transferred in -1888 to the County Councils: county or borough sessions held quarterly; -QUAR'TER-STAFF, a long staff or weapon of defence, grasped at a quarter of -its length from the end and at the middle; QUAR'TER-TONE (_mus._), an -interval equivalent to one-half of a semitone; QUAR'TER-WATCH (_naut._), -one-half of the watch on deck; QUARTETTE', QUARTET', anything in fours: a -musical composition of four parts for voices or instruments: a stanza of -four lines.--_adj._ QUAR'TIC (_math._), of the fourth degree or -order.--_n._ an algebraic function of the fourth degree.--_n._ QUAR'TILE -(_astrol._), an aspect of planets when their longitudes differ by -90deg.--_adj._ QUAR'TO, having the sheet folded into four leaves (abbrev. -4to).--_n._ a book of a quarto size:--_pl._ QUAR'TOS (demy quarto, 8-3/4 x -11-1/4 in.; medium quarto, 9-1/4 x 11-3/4 in.; royal quarto, 10 x 12-1/2 -in.).--BEAT UP THE QUARTERS OF, to disturb: to visit unceremoniously; COME -TO CLOSE QUARTERS, to get into a hand-to-hand struggle.--SMALL QUARTO, a -square octavo: a book having eight leaves to a sheet but the shape of a -quarto.--WINTER QUARTERS, the quarters or station of an army during the -winter. [O. Fr.,--L. _quartarius_--_quartus_, fourth.] - -QUARTODECIMAN, kwor-t[=o]-des'i-man, _n._ one of those who celebrated the -Paschal festival on the 14th day of Nisan without regard to the day of the -week. The western churches kept it on the Sunday after the 14th day--the -usage approved by the Council of Nice (325 A.D.). [L. _quartodecimus_, -fourteenth, _quatuor_, four, _decem_, ten.] - -QUARTZ, kworts, _n._ the common form of native silica, or the oxide of -silicon, occurring both in crystals and massive, scratching glass easily, -and becoming positively electrical by friction, colourless when -pure--Rock-crystal, Common, and Compact Quartz.--_ns._ QUARTZ'-CRUSH'ER, --MILL, a machine, mill, where auriferous quartz is reduced to powder, and -the gold separated by amalgamation.--_adj._ QUARTZIF'EROUS.--_ns._ -QUARTZ'ITE, QUARTZ'-ROCK, a common rock, usually white, gray, or rusty in -colour, and composed of an aggregate of quartz-grains welded -together.--_adjs._ QUARTZIT'IC; QUARTZ'OSE, of or like quartz; QUARTZ'Y. -[Ger. _quarz_.] - -QUASH, kwosh, _v.t._ to crush: to subdue or extinguish suddenly and -completely: to annul. [O. Fr. _quasser_ (Fr. _casser_)--L. _quass[=a]re_, -inten. of _quat[)e]re_, to shake.] - -QUASHEE, kwosh'e, _n._ a negro, esp. in West Indies. - -QUASHEY, kwosh'i, _n._ a pumpkin. - -QUASI, kw[=a]'s[=i], _conj._ and _adv._ as if: in a certain manner, sense, -or degree--in appearance only, as '_quasi_-historical,' &c. [L.] - -QUASIMODO, kwas-i-m[=o]'do, _n._ the first Sunday after Easter, Low Sunday. -[From the first words of the introit for the day, 1 Peter, ii. 2; L. _Quasi -modo geniti infantes_, as new-born babes, &c.] - -QUASS, kwas, _n._ See KVASS. - -QUASSATION, kwas-s[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of shaking: the state of being -shaken: concussion.--_adj._ QUAS'SATIVE. [L. _quassatio_--_quass[=a]re_, to -shake.] - -QUASSIA, kwash'i-a, _n._ a South American tree, the bitter wood and bark of -which are used as a tonic.--_ns._ QUASS'INE, QUASS'ITE, the bitter -principle of quassia-wood, the Bitter-wood of the West Indies. [So called -by Linnaeus from a negro named _Quassi_, who first discoverer its value -against fever.] - -QUAT, kwot, _n._ (_Shak._) a pimple: an insignificant person. - -QUATCH, kwoch, _adj._ (_Shak._) squat, flat. - -QUATERCENTENARY, qua-ter-sen'te-n[=a]-ri, _n._ a 400th anniversary. - -QUATERFOIL, kat'[.e]r-foil, _n._ See QUARTERFOIL. - -QUATERNARY, kwa-t[.e]r'nar-i, _adj._ consisting of four: by fours: -pertaining to strata more recent than the Upper Tertiary: (_math._) -containing four variables.--_n._ a group of four things.--_adjs._ -QU[=A]T'ERN, QU[=A]TER'N[=A]TE, composed of, or arranged in, sets of -four.--_n._ QU[=A]TER'NION, a set or group of four: a word of four -syllables: (_pl._) in mathematics, a calculus of peculiar power and -generality invented by Sir W. R. Hamilton of Dublin, as a geometry, -primarily concerning itself with the operations by which one directed -quantity or vector is changed into another.--_v.t._ to divide into -quaternions: (_Milt._) to divide into companies.--_ns._ QU[=A]TER'NIONIST, -a student of quaternions; QU[=A]TERN'ITY, the state of being four, a group -of four.--QUATERNARY NUMBER, ten; so called by the Pythagoreans because -equal to 1 + 2 + 3 + 4. - -QUATORZE, ka-torz', _n._ the four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens in -the game of piquet.--_n._ QUATOR'ZAIN, a stanza or poem of fourteen lines. -[Fr.] - -QUATRAIN, kwot'r[=a]n, _n._ a stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. -[Fr.] - -QUATRE-FOIL, Fr. QUATRE-FEUILLE=QUARTERFOIL. - -QUATTROCENTO, kwot-r[=o]-chen'to, _n._ in Italian, a term for the 15th -century, its literature and art: the early Renaissance.--_n._ -QUATTROCEN'TIST. Outstanding _quattrocentisti_ in art are Donatello, -Masaccio, Lippo Lippi, and Mantegna. [It., 'four hundred,' contr. for -1400.] - -QUAVER, kw[=a]'v[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake: to sing or play with tremulous -modulations.--_n._ a trembling: a vibration of the voice: a note in -music=half a crotchet or one-eighth of a semibreve.--_n._ -QU[=A]'VERER.--_adv._ QU[=A]'VERINGLY. [Imit.; cf. _Quiver_, and Ger. -_quabbeln_.] - -QUAY, k[=e], _n._ a landing-place: a wharf for the loading or unloading of -vessels.--_n._ QUAY'AGE, payment for use of a quay. [O. Fr. _quay_--Celt., -as in Bret. _ka['e]_, and W. _cae_, an enclosure.] - -QUAYD, kw[=a]d, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as QUELLED. - -QUEACHY, kw[=e]'chi, _adj._ shaking: unsteady. [From _queach_, a variant of -_quitch_.] - -QUEAN, kw[=e]n, _n._ a saucy girl or young woman: a woman of worthless -character. [_Queen_.] - -QUEASY, kw[=e]'zi, _adj._ sick, squeamish: inclined to vomit: causing -nausea: fastidious: ticklish, nice.--_adv._ QUEA'SILY.--_n._ QUEA'SINESS. -[Scand.; Norw. _kveis_, sickness after a debauch, Ice. _-kveisa_, pains, as -in _idhra-kveisa_, pains in the stomach.] - -QUEBRACHO, ke-br[:a]'ch[=o], _n._ the bark of several hard-wooded South -American trees--good in fever. [Port.,--_quebrahacho_, -axe-breaker--_quebrar_, to break, _hacha_, _facha_, axe.] - -QUEBRADA, ke-br[:a]'da, _n._ a ravine. [Sp. Amer.] - -QUEEN, kw[=e]n, _n._ the wife of a king: a female sovereign: the best or -chief of her kind: a queen-bee or queen-ant: of playing-cards, one with the -queen painted on it: the piece in chess which is the most deadly in -attack.--_v.i._ to play the queen.--_ns._ QUEEN'-APP'LE, QUEEN'ING, the -name of several varieties of apple; QUEEN'-BEE, the sole female of a -bee-hive, considerably larger than an ordinary bee; QUEEN'-CON'SORT, the -wife of the reigning sovereign--opp. to QUEEN'-REG'NANT, holding the crown -in her own right; QUEEN'CRAFT, craft or policy on the part of a queen; -QUEEN'DOM, queenly rule or dignity: the realm of a queen; QUEEN'-DOW'AGER, -the widow of a deceased king; QUEEN'HOOD, the state of being a queen; -QUEEN'LET, a petty queen.--_adjs._ QUEEN'-LIKE, QUEEN'LY, like a queen: -becoming or suitable to a queen.--_n._ QUEEN'LINESS.--_adv._ QUEEN'LY, like -a queen.--_ns._ QUEEN'-MOTH'ER, a queen-dowager, the mother of the reigning -king or queen; QUEEN'-OF-THE-MEAD'OWS, the meadow-sweet; QUEEN'-POST -(_archit._), one of two upright posts in a trussed roof, resting upon the -tie-beam, and supporting the principal rafters; QUEEN'-R[=E]'GENT, a queen -who reigns as regent; QUEEN'S'-ARM, a musket; QUEEN'SHIP, the state, -condition, or dignity of a queen; QUEEN'-STITCH, a square or chequer -pattern in embroidery stitch.--QUEEN ANNE'S BOUNTY, a fund for augmenting -the incomes of the poorer clergy of England, set aside in 1703; QUEEN ANNE -STYLE (_archit._), the style popular in the early part of the 18th century, -the buildings plain and simple, with classic cornices and details, and -frequently with large windows divided by mullions; QUEEN OF HEAVEN, a title -often given to the goddess Astarte or Ashtoreth: among Roman Catholics, a -title for the Virgin Mary; QUEEN OF THE MAY=_May-queen_ (see MAY); -* QUEEN'S BENCH (court of: see KING); * QUEEN'S COLOUR, one of the pair of -colours belonging to each regiment in our army; * QUEEN'S COUNSEL (see -COUNSEL); * QUEEN'S ENGLISH, correct use of the English language; * QUEEN'S -EVIDENCE (see EVIDENT); * QUEEN'S MESSENGER (see MESSAGE); QUEEN'S METAL, -an alloy consisting chiefly of tin; QUEEN'S TOBACCO PIPE, the facetious -designation of a peculiarly shaped kiln which used to be situated at the -corner of the tobacco warehouses belonging to the London Docks, and in -which contraband goods were burned; QUEEN'S WARE, a variety of Wedgwood -ware, otherwise known as _cream-coloured ware_; QUEEN'S YELLOW, the yellow -subsulphate of mercury. [A.S. _cw['e]n_; Goth. _kw[=e]ns_, Ice. _kv['a]n_, -_kvaen_.] - - * Now _King's Bench_, &c. - -QUEER, kw[=e]r, _adj._ odd, singular, quaint: open to suspicion, dubious: -counterfeit: having a sensation of coming sickness.--_v.t._ (_slang_) to -banter, ridicule.--_adj._ QUEER'ISH, somewhat singular.--_n._ QUEER'ITY -(_rare_).--_adv._ QUEER'LY.--_n._ QUEER'NESS.--QUEER STREET, the imaginary -residence of persons in financial and other difficulties.--A QUEER FISH -(see FISH); SHOVE THE QUEER (_slang_), to pass bad money. [Low Ger. -_queer_, across, oblique (Ger. _quer_); cf. _Thwart_.] - -QUEET, kw[=e]t, _n._ (_Scot._) an ankle. [_Coot_ (2).] - -QUEEZ-MADAM, kw[=e]z'-mad'am, _n._ (_Scot._) the cuisse-madam, a French -jargonelle pear. - -QUEINT, kw[=a]nt, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as QUAINT. - -QUEINT, kwent (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _quench_. - -QUELCH, kwelch, _v.i._ (_prov._) to make a sucking sound like that of water -in one's boots. - -QUELEA, kw[=e]'le-a, _n._ the weaver-bird of Africa. - -QUELL, kwel, _v.t._ to crush: subdue: to allay.--_v.i._ to die, perish, -(_Shak._) abate.--_ns._ QUELL (_Shak._), murder: (_Keats_) power of -quelling; QUELL'ER, one who quells or crushes: a slayer. [A.S. _cwellan_, -to kill, causal of _cwelan_, to die. Cf. _Quail_ (v.).] - -QUEME, kw[=e]m, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to please, suit, fit. [A.S. _cw['e]man_; -cf. Ger. _bequem_, fit.] - -QUENCH, kwensh, _v.t._ to put out: to destroy: to check: to allay: to place -in water.--_v.i._ to lose zeal, grow cold.--_adj._ QUENCH'ABLE, that may be -extinguished.--_ns._ QUENCH'ER, one who, or that which, quenches: a draught -or drink; QUENCH'ING, act of extinguishing: the act of cooling the surface -of molten metal and forming rosettes in the crust.--_adj._ QUENCH'LESS, -that cannot be extinguished: irrepressible.--_adv._ QUENCH'LESSLY.--_n._ -QUENCH'LESSNESS. [A.S. _cwencan_, to quench, causal of _cwincan_; cf. Old -Fries. _kwinka_, to go out.] - -QUENELLE, ke-nel', _n._ a forcemeat ball of chicken, veal, or the like. -[Fr.] - -QUENOUILLE-TRAINING, ke-n[=oo]'lye-tr[=a]'ning, _n._ the training of trees -in a conical shape with the branches bent downwards. [Fr. _quenouille_, a -distaff--Low L. _colucula_--L. _colus_, a distaff.] - -QUERCETUM, kwer-s[=e]'tum, _n._ a collection of living oaks. -[L.,--_quercus_, an oak.] - -QUERCITRON, kwer'si-tron, _n._ the name both of a dye-stuff and of the -species of oak of which it is the bark--the _Quercus coccinea_ of North -America, also called _Dyer's oak_ and _Yellow-barked oak_.--_ns._ -QUER'CITE, a sweet crystalline compound found in acorns; QUER'CITIN, a -yellow crystalline compound derived from quercitrin by the action of -mineral acids; QUER'CITRIN, a glucoside, the colouring-matter of -quercitron-bark. [L. _quercus_, oak, _citrus_, a tree of the lemon kind.] - -QUERELA, kwe-r[=e]'la, _n._ a complaint preferred in a court.--_n._ -QU[=E]'RENT, a plaintiff. [L.] - -QUERIMONIOUS, kwer-i-m[=o]'ni-us, _adj._ complaining: discontented.--_adv._ -QUERIM[=O]'NIOUSLY.--_n._ QUERIM[=O]'NIOUSNESS. [L. _querimonia_, a -complaining--_queri_, to complain.] - -QUERIST, kw[=e]'rist, _n._ one who inquires or asks questions. [_Query_.] - -QUERK, kw[.e]rk, _v.t._ (_prov_.) to throttle.--_v.i._ to grunt. - -QUERL, kw[.e]rl, _v.t._ (_U.S._) to twirl.--_n._ a coil. - -QUERN, kw[.e]rn, _n._ a stone handmill for grinding grain. [A.S. _cwyrn_, -_cweorn_; Ice. _kvern_, Goth, _kwairnus_.] - -QUERQUEDULA, kwer-kwed'[=u]-la, _n._ the teal. [L.] - -QUERULOUS, kwer'[=u]-lus, _adj._ complaining: discontented: -quarrelsome.--_adv._ QUER'ULOUSLY.--_n._ QUER'ULOUSNESS. [L.,--_queri_, to -complain.] - -QUERY, kw[=e]'ri, _n._ an inquiry: the mark of interrogation.--_v.t._ to -inquire into: to question: to doubt of: to mark with a query.--_v.i._ to -question:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ qu[=e]'ried.--_adj._ QUES'ITIVE, -interrogatory. [L. _quaere_, imper. of _quaer[)e]re_, _quaesitum_, to -inquire.] - -QUEST, kwest, _n._ the act of seeking: search: pursuit: a searching party: -a jury of inquest: inquiry, investigation: request or desire.--_v.i._ to go -in search of, to go begging: to give tongue, as a dog after game.--_ns._ -QUEST'ANT, QUEST'ER (_Shak._), one who seeks after anything, a -candidate.--_adj._ QUEST'FUL. [O. Fr. _queste_ (Fr. _qu[^e]te_)--L. -_quaesita_ (_res_), a thing sought--_quaer[)e]re_, _quaesitum_, to seek.] - -QUESTION, kwest'yun, _n._ a seeking: an inquiry: an examination, esp. by -torture: an investigation: dispute: doubt: a subject of discussion, esp. -the particular point actually before the house, the measure to be voted -upon: (_Shak._) conversation.--_v.t._ to ask questions of: to examine by -questions: to inquire of: to regard as doubtful: to challenge, take -exception to: to have no confidence in.--_v.i._ to ask questions: to -inquire: to debate, consider, to converse.--_adj._ QUEST'IONABLE, that may -be questioned: doubtful: uncertain: suspicious.--_n._ -QUEST'IONABLENESS.--_adv._ QUEST'IONABLY.--_adj._ QUEST'IONARY, asking -questions.--_n._ one who hawks about for sale indulgences or relics.--_ns._ -QUEST'IONER; QUEST'IONING, a query, doubt, suspicion.--_adv._ -QUEST'IONINGLY.--_n._ QUEST'IONIST, a questioner, a doubter: at Cambridge, -a student qualified to be a candidate for a degree.--_adj._ QUEST'IONLESS, -unquestioning: beyond question or doubt: certainly.--_n._ QUEST'RIST -(_Shak._), a seeker, a pursuer.--_adj._ QUEST'UARY (_obs._), greedy of -gain, yielding gain.--QUESTION OF FACT, consideration as to the actual -occurrence of an event.--BEG THE QUESTION (see BEG); CALL IN QUESTION, to -challenge, to subject to judicial inquiry; IN QUESTION, under -consideration, referring to a thing just mentioned; LEADING-QUESTION (see -LEAD); OUT OF QUESTION, doubtless; OUT OF THE QUESTION, not to be thought -of; POP THE QUESTION (see POP); PREVIOUS QUESTION (see PREVIOUS). [Fr.,--L. -_quaestion-em_--_quaer[)e]re_, _quaesitum_, to seek.] - -QUESTOR, QUESTORSHIP. See QUAESTOR. - -QUETZAL, kwet'sal, _n._ the resplendent trogon, a native of Central -America, the plumage of the male a magnificent golden green.--Also QUES'AL, -QUIJ'AL. - -QUEUE, k[=u], _n._ a pendent braid of hair at the back of the head, a -pigtail: a file of persons waiting in the order of arrival: a tailpiece, as -of a violin: (_her._) the tail of a beast.--_v.t._ to tie or fasten in a -queue or pigtail. [Fr.,--L. _cauda_, a tail.] - -QUEY, kw[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a young cow or heifer, a cow that has not yet -had a calf. [Ice. _kv['i]ga_; Dan. _kvie_.] - -QUHILK, hwilk, _pron._ an obsolete Scotch form of which. - -QUIB, kwib. Same as QUIP. - -QUIBBLE, kwib'l, _n._ a turning away from the point in question into -matters irrelevant or insignificant: an evasion, a pun: a petty -conceit.--_v.i._ to evade a question by a play upon words: to cavil: to -trifle in argument: to pun.--_n._ QUIBB'LER.--_adv._ QUIBB'LINGLY. [Freq. -of _quip_.] - -QUICH, kwich, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to stir, to move.--Also QUINCH, QUITCH. -[A.S. _cweccan_, causal of _cwacian_, to quake.] - -QUICK, kwik, _adj._ living: lively: speedy: nimble: ready: sensitive: -hasty: pregnant: active, piercing.--_adv._ without delay: rapidly: -soon.--_n._ a living animal or plant: the living: the living flesh: the -sensitive parts: a hedge of some growing plant, quickset.--_adj._ -QUICK'-AN'SWERED (_Shak._), quick at giving an answer.--_n._ QUICK'BEAM, -the mountain-ash or rowan.--_adj._ QUICK'-CONCEIV'ING, quick at conceiving -or understanding.--_v.t._ QUICK'EN, to make quick or alive: to revive: to -reinvigorate: to cheer: to excite: to sharpen: to hasten.--_v.i._ to become -alive: to move with activity.--_n._ the couch or quitch-grass.--_ns._ -QUICK'ENER, one who, or that which, reinvigorates; QUICK'ENING, the period -in pregnancy when the mother first becomes conscious of the movement of the -child--from the sixteenth or seventeenth week onwards.--_adj._ QUICK'-EYED, -having acute sight.--_ns._ QUICK'-GRASS=_Quitch-grass_; QUICK'-HEDGE, a -hedge of living plants; QUICK'LIME, recently burnt lime, caustic and -unslaked: carbonate of lime without its carbonic acid.--_adv._ -QUICK'LY.--_ns._ QUICK'MARCH (same as QUICK'STEP); QUICK'MATCH (see MATCH); -QUICK'NESS; QUICK'SAND, a movable sandbank in a sea, lake, &c., any large -mass of sand saturated with water, often dangerous to travellers: anything -treacherous.--_adj_. QUICK'-SCENT'ED, having a keen scent.--_n._ QUICK'SET, -a living plant set to grow for a hedge, particularly the hawthorn.--_adj._ -consisting of living plants.--_adj._ QUICK'-SIGHT'ED, having quick or sharp -sight: quick in discernment.--_ns._ QUICK'-SIGHT'EDNESS, sharpness of sight -or discernment; QUICK'SILVER, the common name for fluid mercury, so called -from its great mobility and its silvery colour.--_v.t._ to overlay or to -treat with quicksilver.--_adj._ QUICK'SILVERED.--_ns._ QUICK'SILVERING, the -mercury on the back of a mirror; QUICK'STEP, a march in quick time: -(_mus._) a march written in military quick time.--_adj._ QUICK'-TEM'PERED, -irascible.--_n._ QUICK'-WA'TER, a solution of nitrates of mercury and of -gold, for water-gilding.--_adj._ QUICK'-WIT'TED, having ready wit.--_ns._ -QUICK'-WIT'TEDNESS; QUICK'-WORK, the part of a ship under water when laden: -the part of the inner upper-works of a ship above the covering board: the -short planks worked inside between the ports: spirketting.--SOME QUICK -(_Spens._), something alive. [A.S. _cwic_; Ice. _kvikr_, Goth. _kwius_, -living; allied to L. _vivus_.] - -QUICUNQUE, kw[=i]-kung'kwe, _n._ the so-called Athanasian Creed, from its -first words, _Quicunque vult_='whosoever will.' - -QUID, kwid, _n._ what, substance: something.--TERTIUM QUID, something -distinct from both mind and matter, itself immediately known, mediating -between the mind and the reality. [L., what.] - -QUID, kwid, _n._ something chewed or kept in the mouth, esp. a piece of -tobacco. [A corr. of _cud_.] - -QUID, kwid, _n._ (_slang_) a sovereign. - -QUIDAM, kw[=i]'dam, _n._ somebody, one unknown. [L.] - -QUIDDANY, kwid'a-ni, _n._ a confection of quince-juice and sugar. [L. -_cydonium_. Cf. _Quince_.] - -QUIDDIT, kwid'it, _n._ an equivocation: a subtilty or quibble. [A contr. of -_quiddity_.] - -QUIDDITY, kwid'i-ti, _n._ the essence of anything: any trifling nicety: a -cavil: a captious question.--_adjs._ QUIDD'ATIVE, QUIDD'IT[=A]TIVE. [Low L. -_quidditas_--L. _quid_, what.] - -QUIDDLE, kwid'l, _v.i._ to spend time in trifling.--_n._ one who does -so.--_n._ QUIDD'LER, a trifler.--_adj._ QUIDD'LING. [L. _quid_.] - -QUIDNUNC, kwid'nungk, _n._ one always on the lookout for news: one who -pretends to know all occurrences. [L., 'what now?'] - -QUID PRO QUO, kwid pr[=o] kw[=o], _n._ something given or taken as -equivalent to something else. [L., 'something for something.'] - -QUIEN SABE, kien s[:a]'be, who knows? a common reply to a question in the -south-western United States, meaning 'I do not know.' [Sp. _quien_, who--L. -_quis_, who; _sabe_, 3d pers. sing. pres. indic. of _saber_, to know--L. -_sap[)e]re_, to have sense.] - -QUIESCENT, kw[=i]-es'ent, _adj._ being quiet, resting: not sounded, as a -_quiescent_ letter: still: unagitated: silent.--_v.i._ QUIESCE', to become -quiet: to become silent in pronunciation, as a letter.--_ns._ QUIES'CENCE, -QUIES'CENCY, state of being at rest: rest of mind: silence: torpor.--_adv._ -QUIES'CENTLY. [L. _quiescens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _quiesc[)e]re_, to rest.] - -QUIET, kw[=i]'et, _adj._ at rest: calm: smooth: peaceable: gentle, -inoffensive: silent, still: free from gaudiness, in good taste: free from -bustle or formality.--_n._ the state of being at rest: repose: calm: -stillness: peace.--_v.t._ to bring to rest: to stop motion: to calm or -pacify: to lull: to allay.--_v.i._ to become quiet, to abate.--_n._ -QU[=I]'ET[=A]GE (_Spens._), quiet.--_v.t._ QU[=I]'ETEN, to make quiet, -calm.--_v.i._ to become quiet.--_n._ QU[=I]'ETER (_Shak._), a person or -thing that quiets.--_v.t._ QU[=I]'ETISE, to make quiet.--_ns._ -QU[=I]'ETISM, rest of the mind: mental tranquillity: apathy: the doctrine -that religious perfection on earth consists in passive and uninterrupted -contemplation of the Deity; QU[=I]'ETIST, one who believes in this doctrine -(Molinos, Mme. Guyon, &c.).--_adj._ QUIETIST'IC, pertaining to -quietism.--_n._ QU[=I]'ETIVE, anything that induces quiet.--_adv._ -QU[=I]'ETLY, in a quiet manner: without motion or alarm: calmly: silently: -patiently.--_ns._ QU[=I]'ETNESS, QU[=I]'ETUDE, rest: repose: freedom from -agitation or alarm: stillness: peace: silence.--_adj._ QU[=I]'ETSOME -(_Spens._), calm, still, undisturbed.--_n._ QUI[=E]'TUS, a final settlement -or discharge: ending generally: (_slang_) a severe blow.--AT QUIET (_B._), -peaceful; IN QUIET, quietly; ON THE QUIET, clandestinely; OUT OF QUIET, -disturbed. [L. _quietus_--_quisc[)e]re_, to rest.] - -QUIGHT, kw[=i]t, _adv._ a misspelt form of _quite_. - -QUI-HI, -HYE, kw[=i]'h[=i]', _n._ in Bengal, the Anglo-Indian call for a -servant: (_coll._) an Anglo-Indian in Bengal. [Hind. _ko[=i] hai_, 'who is -there?'] - -QUILL, kwil, _n._ a fold of a plaited or fluted ruff.--_v.t._ to flute: -form with rounded ridges.--_adj._ QUILLED, crimped, fluted.--_n._ -QUILL'ING, a narrow bordering of plaited lace or ribbon. [Fr. _quille_, a -keel.] - -QUILL, kwil, _n._ a reed-pen: the feather of a goose or other bird used as -a pen, hence a pen generally: the profession of letters: anything like a -quill: the hollow basal stem of a feather: one of the large hollow sharp -spines (modified hairs) of the hedgehog, porcupine, &c.: the reed on which -weavers wind their thread: the instrument for striking the strings of -certain instruments: the tube of a musical instrument: the hollow shaft or -mandril of the seal-engraver's lathe: a train for igniting a blast: bark in -a cylindrical roll.--_v.t._ to plait with small ridges like quills: to wind -on a quill: to pluck out quills from.--_ns._ QUILL'-DRIV'ER (_slang_), one -who works with a quill or pen, a clerk; QUILL'-DRIV'ING, writing.--_adj._ -QUILLED, furnished with quills, or formed into a quill.--_ns._ QUILL'-NIB, -a quill-pen shortened for use with a holder; QUILL'-TURN, the machine in -which a weaver's quill is turned; QUILL'-WORK, embroidery with porcupine -quills, done by the North American Indians; QUILL'-WORT, any plant of the -genus Isoetes, esp. _Isoetes lacustris_.--IN THE QUILL (_Shak._), -perhaps=penned, though others interpret 'in form and order like a quilled -ruff.' [Explained by Skeat as orig. a stalk, hence anything pointed, O. Fr. -_quille_, a peg--Old High Ger. _kegil_ or _chegil_ (Ger. _kegel_), a -cone-shaped object, ninepin.] - -QUILLET, kwil'et, _n._ a trick in argument: a petty quibble. [L. -_quidlibet_, 'what you will.'] - -QUILLET, kwil'et, _n._ (_prov._) a furrow: a small croft. - -QUILLON, k[=e]-lyong', _n._ one of the branches of the cross-guard of a -sword. - -QUILT, kwilt, _n._ a bed-cover of two cloths sewed together with something -soft between them: a thick coverlet.--_v.t._ to make into a quilt: to -stitch together with something soft between, to stitch in: to sew like a -quilt.--_adj._ QUILT'ED, stitched together as a quilt: (_Spens._) -padded.--_ns._ QUILT'ER, a person or machine for making quilting; -QUILT'ING, the act of making a quilt: that which is quilted: a cotton or -linen cloth, like diaper, with raised pattern, for vests, &c.: a kind of -coating formed of sinnet, strands of rope, &c., outside any vessel -containing water: a thrashing with a rope's end; QUILT'ING-BEE, in New -England, a gathering of women to help one in quilting a counterpane, -followed by a supper to which men are admitted; QUILT'ING-COTT'ON, -cotton-wadding; QUILT'ING-FRAME, an adjustable frame for holding a fabric -for quilting. [O. Fr. _cuilte_ (Fr. _couette_)--L. _culcita_, a cushion.] - -QUIN, kwin, _n._ (_prov._) a kind of scallop. - -QUINARIAN, kw[=i]-n[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ classified in sets of five: (_zool._) -relating to the circular or so-called natural system of classification, -propounded in 1819 and much elaborated by Swainson in 1835--also -QU[=I]'NARY.--_n._ one who supports this theory. [L. _quinarius_--_quini_, -five each--_quinque_, five.] - -QUINATE, kw[=i]'n[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having five leaflets on a petiole. -[L. _quini_, five each.] - -QUINCE, kwins, _n._ the golden, globose or pear-shaped, fragrant fruit of a -large shrub or small tree (_Pyrus Cydonia_) of the rose family, too austere -to be eaten raw, but excellent for jellies, marmalade, and flavouring other -fruits. [Pl. of _quine_--O. Fr. _coin_ (Fr. _coing_)--L. _cydonium_--Gr. -_Cyd[=o]nia_, in Crete.] - -QUINCENTENARY, kwin-sen'te-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ relating to five hundred, -especially five hundred years.--_n._ a five hundredth anniversary. - -QUINCH, kwinsh, _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as QUITCH, _v.t._ - -[Illustration] - -QUINCUNX, kwin'kungks, _n._ an arrangement of five things, so as to occupy -each corner and the centre of a square, esp. of trees or plants.--_adj._ -QUINCUN'CIAL.--_adv._ QUINCUN'CIALLY. [L. _quinque_, five, _uncia_, a -twelfth part, an ounce.] - -QUINDECEMVIR, kwin-d[=e]-sem'vir, _n._ one of a college of fifteen men in -ancient Rome who had the charge of the Sibylline books:--_pl._ -QUINDECEM'VIRI.--_ns._ QUINDEC'AGON, a plane figure with fifteen sides and -angles; QUINDECEM'VIRATE, the body of the quindecemviri or their office; -QUINDEC'IMA (_mus._), the interval of a fifteenth, or double-octave. -[L.,--_quindecim_, fifteen (_quinque_, five, _decem_, ten), _vir_, a man.] - -QUINIBLE, kwin'i-bl, _n._ (_mus._) an interval of a fifth: a descant sung -at the fifth. [L. _quinque_, five.] - -QUININE, kwin'[=e]n, ki-n[=e]n', or kw[=i]'n[=i]n, _n._ a colourless, -inodorous, and very bitter alkaloid, obtained from the bark of the Cinchona -tree, its salts used for agues and fevers.--_ns._ QU[=I]'NA, the bark of -various species of Cinchona; QUINAM'INE, a natural white crystalline -alkaloid obtained from various Cinchona barks; QUINAQU[=I]'NA, the bark of -various species of Cinchona.--_adj._ QUIN'IC, pertaining to, or derived -from, quinine.--_ns._ QUIN'IDINE, a white crystalline compound, isomeric -with quinine, found in some Cinchona barks; QUINOL'OGY, the knowledge of -quinine and other Cinchona alkaloids. [Fr.,--Sp. and Port. -_quinina_--Peruv. _quina_, _kina_, bark.] - -QUINISEXT, kwin'i-sekst, _adj._ pertaining to five and six, or to the fifth -and sixth. - -QUINNAT, kwin'at, _n._ the king-salmon. - -QUINOA, k[=e]'no-a, _n._ a Chilian and Mexican food-plant, resembling some -British species of chenopodium, cultivated for its farinaceous seeds. -[Peruv.] - -QUINOLINE, kwin'[=o]-lin, _n._ a pungent, colourless liquid obtained by the -distillation of bones, coal-tar, and various alkaloids--the base of many -organic bodies, isomeric with Leucol.--Also CHIN'OLINE. [Peruv. _quina_, -_kina_, bark.] - -QUINONE, kwin'[=o]n, _n._ or _Benzoquinone_, a golden-yellow crystalline -compound usually prepared by oxidising aniline with potassium bichromate -and sulphuric acid: a general name applied to all benzene derivatives in -which two oxygen atoms replace two hydrogen atoms.--Also KINONE -(k[=e]'n[=o]n), as _Kinic_--_Quinic_. - -QUINQUAGESIMA, kwin-kwa-jes'i-ma, _n._ a period of fifty days.--_n._ -QUINQUAGEN[=A]'RIAN, one who is between fifty and sixty years -old.--QUINQUAGESIMA SUNDAY, the Sunday before Ash Wednesday, being the -fiftieth day before Easter. [L. _quinquaginta_, fifty--_quinque_, five.] - -QUINQUANGULAR, kwin-kwang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having five angles.--_adjs._ -QUINQUARTIC'ULAR, of five articles; QUINQUECAP'SULAR, having five capsules; -QUINQUECOS'T[=A]TE, -D having five ribs; QUINQUEDEN'TATE, -D (_bot._), -five-toothed; QUINQUEF[=A]'RIOUS, disposed in five sets or rows; -QUIN'QUEFID, cleft into five segments; QUINQUEF[=O]'LIATE, -D (_bot._), -having five leaves or leaflets; QUINQUELIT'ERAL, consisting of five -letters; QUINQUEL[=O]'BATE, having five lobes; QUINQUELOC'ULAR, having five -loculi; QUINQUEP[:A]R'TITE, five-parted; QUINQUESEP'TATE, having five -septa; QUINQUES[=E]'RIAL, arranged in five series; QUINQUESYLLAB'IC, having -five syllables; QUINQUEV'ALENT, having an equivalence of five; -QUIN'QUEVALVE, QUINQUEVAL'VULAR, having five valves. - -QUINQUENNIAD, kwin-kwen'i-ad, _n._ a period of five years--also -QUINQUENN'IUM.--_adj._ QUINQUENN'IAL, occurring once in five years: lasting -five years.--_n._ a fifth anniversary or its celebration. - -QUINQUEREME, kwin'kwe-r[=e]m, _n._ an ancient galley having five banks of -oars. [L.,--_quinque_, five, _remus_, an oar.] - -QUINQUINA, kin-k[=i]'n[:a], _n._ quinaquina. [_Quinine_.] - -QUINQUINO, kin'ki-n[=o], _n._ the tree (_Myroxylon Pereirae_) which yields -the balsam of Peru. - -QUINSY, kwin'zi, _n._ an inflammatory affection of the substance of the -tonsils, attended when fully developed by suppuration.--_ns._ -QUIN'SY-BERR'Y, the common black-currant; QUIN'SY-WORT, a small trailing -British herb of the madder family. [O. Fr. _squinancie_ (Fr. -_esquinancie_)--Gr. _kynanch[=e]_--_ky[=o]n_, a dog, _anchein_, to -throttle.] - -QUINT, kwint, _n._ a set or a sequence of five: (_mus._) a fifth: the E -string of a violin.--_adj._ QUINT'AN, recurring on every fifth day.--_n._ a -malarial fever whose paroxysms recur on every fifth day. [Fr.,--L. -_quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.] - -QUINTA, kwin't[:a], _n._ a country house in Madeira. [Sp.] - -QUINTAD, kwin'tad, _n._ the same as _Pentad_. - -QUINTADENA, kwin-ta-d[=e]'na, _n._ in organ-building, a mutation stop -yielding a tone one-twelfth above the digital struck. - -QUINTAIN, kwin't[=a]n, _n._ a post with a turning and loaded top or -cross-piece, to be tilted at.--Also QUIN'TIN. [Fr.,--L. _quintana_, -_quintus_, fifth, the place of recreation in the Roman camp being between -the fifth and sixth maniples.] - -QUINTAL, kwin'tal, _n._ a hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds according -to the scale.--The QUINTAL M['E]TRIQUE, the modern French quintal, is 100 -kilograms=220 lb. avoirdupois. [Fr. and Sp. _quintal_--Ar. _qint[)a]r_--L. -_centum_, a hundred.] - -QUINTESSENCE, kwin-tes'ens, _n._ the pure concentrated essence of anything, -the most essential part of anything: the fifth essence, according to the -Pythagoreans, beyond earth, water, fire, air.--_adj._ -QUINTESSEN'TIAL.--_v.t._ QUINTESSEN'TIALISE. [Fr.,--L. _quinta essentia_, -fifth essence, orig. applied to ether, supposed to be purer than fire, the -highest of the four ancient elements.] - -QUINTET, QUINTETTE, kwin-tet', _n._ a musical composition for five voices -or instruments: a company of five singers or players. [It. _quintetto_, -dim. of _quinto_, a fifth part--L. _quintus_, fifth--_quinque_, five.] - -QUINTIC, kwin'tik, _adj._ of the fifth degree. - -QUINTILE, kwin'til, _n._ the aspect of planets distant from each other the -fifth part of the zodiac, or 72deg. - -QUINTILLION, kwin-til'yun, _n._ the fifth power of a million, or a unit -followed by thirty ciphers: generally, in U.S., the sixth power of one -thousand, or a unit followed by eighteen ciphers. - -QUINTOLE, kwin't[=o]l, _n._ a five-stringed viol common in France in the -18th century: a group of five notes to be played in the time of three, -four, or six. [It. _quinto_--L. _quintus_, fifth.] - -QUINTROON, kwin-tr[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a white by one who has -one-sixteenth part of negro blood. [Sp. _quinteron_--L. _quintus_, -fifth--_quinque_, five.] - -QUINTUPLE, kwin't[=u]-pl, _adj._ fivefold: (_mus._) having five crotchets -in a bar.--_v.t._ to make or to increase fivefold.--_ns._ QUIN'T[=U]PLET, a -set of five things: (_pl._) five young at a birth: (_mus._) same as -QUINTOLE; QUINT[=U]'PLIC[=A]TE, consisting of five: one of five exactly -corresponding things.--_v.t._ to make or to increase a set of -fivefold.--_n._ QUINTUPLIC[=A]'TION. [Fr.,--L. _quintuplex_--_quintus_, -fifth, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -QUINZAINE, kwin'z[=a]n, _n._ the fifteenth day onward from a feast day, -counting itself: a stanza of fifteen lines. [Fr. _quinze_, fifteen--L. -_quindecim_--_quinque_, five, _decem_, ten.] - -QUINZE, kwinz, _n._ a card-game, like vingt-et-un, the object being to -count as nearly to fifteen as possible without going above it. - -QUIP, kwip, _n._ a sharp, sarcastic turn, a gibe: a quick retort.--_v.i._ -to use sarcasms.--_v.t._ to sneer at.--_adj._ QUIP'PISH. [W. _chwip_, a -quick turn, _chwipio_, to move briskly.] - -QUIPU, k[=e]'p[=oo], or kwip'[=oo], _n._ the mnemonic language of coloured -and knotted cords used by the Incas of ancient Peru--depending on order, -colour, and kind.--Also QUIP'O. [Peruv., 'a knot.'] - -QUIRE, kw[=i]r, _n._ a collection of paper consisting of twenty-four -sheets, the twentieth part of a ream, each having a single fold.--_v.t._ to -fold in quires. [O. Fr. _quaier_ (Fr. _cahier_), prob. from Low L. -_quaternum_, a set of four sheets,--L. _quatuor_, four.] - -QUIRE, kw[=i]r, _n._ old form of _choir_.--_n._ QU[=I]'RISTER, a chorister. - -QUIRINUS, kwi-r[=i]'nus, _n._ an Italic divinity identified with the -deified Romulus.--_n._ QUIRIN[=A]'LIA, a festival in ancient Rome in honour -of _Quirinus_, on Feb. 17. - -QUIRITES, kwi-r[=i]'tez, _n.pl._ the citizens of ancient Rome in their -civil capacity. - -QUIRK, kw[.e]rk, _n._ a quick turn: an artful evasion: a quibble: a taunt -or retort: a slight conceit: inclination, turn: fantastic phrase: -(_archit._) an acute angle or recess.--_v.i._ to turn sharply.--_v.t._ to -twist or turn: to furnish with a quirk or channel.--_adjs._ QUIRK'ISH, -consisting of quirks; QUIRK'Y, abounding in quirks. [Skeat explains as -prob. for obs. Eng. _quirt_, to turn; from W. _chwired_, a piece of craft, -from _chwiori_, to turn briskly; cf. Gael. _cuireid_, a turn.] - -QUIRT, kw[.e]rt, _n._ a riding-whip much used in the western states of -North America.--_v.t._ to flog with a quirt. [Perh. Sp. _cuerda_, a rope.] - -QUISCALUS, kwis'ka-lus, _n._ a genus of birds, the American grackles or -crow-blackbirds. - -QUIT, kwit, _v.t._ to pay, requite: to release from obligation, accusation, -&c.: to acquit: to depart from: to give up: to clear by full performance: -(_Spens._) to remove by force: (_coll._) to give over, cease:--_pr.p._ -quit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ quit'ted.--_adj._ (_B._) set free: -acquitted: released from obligation.--_n._ QUIT'-CLAIM, a deed of -release.--_v.t._ to relinquish claim or title to.--_n._ QUIT'-RENT, a rent -by which the tenants are discharged from all other services--in old records -called _white rent_, as being paid in silver money.--_adj._ QUIT'TABLE, -capable of being quitted.--_ns._ QUIT'TAL (_Shak._), requital, repayment; -QUIT'TANCE, a quitting or discharge from a debt or obligation: acquittance: -recompense.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to repay.--QUIT COST, to pay expenses; QUIT -ONE'S SELF (_B._), to behave; QUIT SCORES, to balance accounts.--BE QUITS, -to be even with one; CRY QUITTANCE, to get even; DOUBLE OR QUITS, in -gambling, said when a stake due is either to become double or be reduced to -nothing, according to the issue of a certain chance; NOTICE TO QUIT -(_law_), notice to a tenant of real property that he must surrender -possession. [O. Fr. _quiter_ (Fr. _quitter_)--Low L. _quiet[=a]re_, to -pay--L. _quiet[=a]re_, to make quiet--_quietus_, quiet.] - -QUI TAM, kw[=i] tam, an action on a penal statute, brought partly at the -suit of the state and partly at that of an informer--from the first words. -[L. _qui_, who, _tam_, as well.] - -QUITCH, kwich, _n._ couch-grass.--Also QUITCH'-GRASS, QUICK'ENS. -[Assibilated form of _quick_.] - -QUITCH, kwich, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to move. [A.S. _cweccan_, causative of -_cwacian_, to quake.] - -QUITE, kw[=i]t (_Spens._). Same as QUIT. - -QUITE, kw[=i]t, _adv._ completely: wholly: entirely.--QUITE A LITTLE, a -good few: considerable; QUITE SO, a phrase denoting assent in conversation. -[Merely an adv. use of the adj. _quit_.] - -QUITTER, kwit'[.e]r, _n._ a fistulous sore on the quarters or the heel of -the coronet of a horse's hoof.--_v.i._ to suppurate. - -QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) nimble, active. - -QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _n._ a case for arrows.--_adj._ QUIV'ERED, furnished -with a quiver: sheathed, as in a quiver. [O. Fr. _cuivre_; from Old High -Ger. _kohhar_ (Ger. _k[:o]cher_); cog. with A.S. _cocer_.] - -QUIVER, kwiv'[.e]r, _v.i._ to shake with slight and tremulous motion: to -tremble: to shiver.--_ns._ QUIV'ER, QUIV'ERING, a tremulous motion, -shiver.--_adv._ QUIV'ERINGLY, with quivering.--_adj._ QUIV'ERISH, -tremulous. [A.S. _cwifer_, seen in adv. _cwiferl['i]ce_, eagerly. Cf. -_Quick_ and _Quaver_.] - -QUI VIVE, k[=e] v[=e]v, Who goes there?--the challenge of French sentries -to those who approach their posts.--BE ON THE QUI VIVE, to be on the alert. -[Fr.,--_qui_, who, _vive_, 3d pers. sing. pres. subj. of _vivre_, to -live--L. _viv[)e]re_.] - -QUIXOTIC, kwiks-ot'ik, _adj._ like Don _Quixote_, the knight-errant in the -great romance of Cervantes (1547-1616), extravagantly romantic, aiming at -an impossible ideal.--_adv._ QUIXOT'ICALLY.--_ns._ QUIX'OTISM, QUIX'OTRY, -absurdly romantic, impracticable, and magnanimous notions, schemes, or -actions like those of Don Quixote. - -QUIZ, kwiz, _n._ a riddle or enigma: one who quizzes another: an odd -fellow: a monocular eye-glass, often with a handle: (_coll._) an oral -examination of a pupil or class by a teacher.--_v.t._ to puzzle: to banter -or make sport of: to examine narrowly and with an air of mockery.--_v.i._ -to practise derisive joking:--_pr.p._ quiz'zing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -quizzed.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZER; QUIZ'ZERY.--_adj._ QUIZ'ZICAL.--_ns._ -QUIZZICAL'ITY; QUIZZIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ QUIZ'ZIFY, to turn into a -quiz.--_ns._ QUIZ'ZINESS, oddness; QUIZ'ZING, raillery; QUIZ'ZING-GLASS, a -single eye-glass. [Origin obscure; doubtless framed from _question_, or -direct from L. _quaeso_, I ask.] - -QUOAD, kw[=o]'ad, _prep._ as far as, to this extent.--QUOAD HOC, as far as -this; QUOAD OMNIA, in respect of all things; QUOAD SACRA, as far as -concerns sacred matters, as a parish disjoined for ecclesiastical purposes -only. [L.] - -QUOD, kwod, _n._ (_slang_) prison. - -QUODLIBET, kwod'li-bet, _n._ a scholastic argument upon a subject chosen at -will, almost invariably theological: a humorous fanciful combination of two -or more familiar melodies.--_n._ QUODLIBET[=A]'RIAN, one given to -quodlibets.--_adjs._ QUODLIBET'IC, -AL. [L., 'what you please'--_quod_, -what, _libet_, it pleases.] - -QUODLIN, kwod'lin, _n._ (_Bacon_). Same as CODLIN. - -QUOIF, koif, _n._ a cap or hood.--_v.t._ to cover or dress with a coif. - -QUOIN, koin, _n._ (_archit._) a wedge used to support and steady a stone: -an external angle, esp. of a building: (_gun._) a wedge of wood or iron put -under the breech of heavy guns or the muzzle of siege-mortars to raise them -to the proper level: (_print._) a wedge used to fasten the types in the -forms.--_v.t._ to wedge or steady with quoins. [_Coin._] - -QUOIT, koit, _n._ a heavy flat ring of iron for throwing as near as -possible to one _hob_ or pin from the other--18 to 21 yards apart--the -points in the game counted as in bowls or curling: (_pl._) the game played -with such rings.--_v.i._ to throw quoits: to throw as with a quoit. [Perh. -from O. Fr. _coiter_, to drive, which may be from L. -_coact[=a]re_--_cog[)e]re_, to force.] - -QUONDAM, kwon'dam, _adj._ that was formerly: former. [L., formerly.] - -QUONIAM, kw[=o]'ni-am, _n._ the part of the 'Gloria in Excelsis' beginning -'For Thou only art holy:' the musical setting thereof: (_obs._) a kind of -drinking-cup. [L., 'since now.'] - -QUOOK, kwook (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _quake_. - -QUOP, kwop, _v.i._ to move: to throb, as the heart.--Also QUAB, QUAP. - -QUORUM, kw[=o]'rum, _n._ a number of the members of any body sufficient to -transact business. [The first word of a commission formerly issued to -certain justices, _of whom_ (L. _quorum_) a certain number had always to be -present when the commission met.] - -QUOTA, kw[=o]'ta, _n._ the part or share assigned to each.--_n._ QUOT'ITY -(_Carlyle_), the number of individuals in a collection. [It.,--L. _quotus_, -of what number?--_quot_, how many?] - -QUOTE, kw[=o]t, _v.t._ to repeat the words of any one: to adduce for -authority or illustration: to give the current price of: to enclose within -quotation marks: (_Shak._) to set down in writing.--_v.i._ to make a -quotation.--_adj._ QU[=O]'TABLE, that may be quoted.--_ns._ -QU[=O]'TABLENESS, QU[=O]TABIL'ITY.--_adv._ QU[=O]'TABLY.--_ns._ -QU[=O]T[=A]'TION, act of quoting: that which is quoted: the current price -of anything; QU[=O]T[=A]'TION-MARK, one of the marks used to note the -beginning and the end of a quotation--generally consisting of two inverted -commas at the beginning, and two apostrophes at the end of a quotation; but -a single comma and a single apostrophe are frequently used; QU[=O]'TER. [O. -Fr. _quoter_, to number--Low L. _quot[=a]re_, to divide into chapters and -verses--L. _quotus_, of what number?--_quot_, how many?] - -QUOTH, kw[=o]th, _v.t._ say, says, or said--used only in the 1st and 3d -persons present and past, and always followed by its subject.--_interj._ -QU[=O]'TH[:A], forsooth, indeed. [A.S. _cwethan_, pa.t. _cwaeth_, to say. -For _quoth'a_, said he--_'a_ being a corr. of _he_.] - -QUOTIDIAN, kw[=o]-tid'i-an, _adj._ every day: occurring daily.--_n._ -anything returning daily: (_med._) a kind of ague that returns daily. -[Fr.,--L. _quotidianus_--_quot_, as many as, _dies_, a day.] - -QUOTIENT, kw[=o]'shent, _n._ (_math._) the number which shows how often one -number is contained in another.--_n._ QU[=O]T[=I]'ETY, the proportionate -frequency of an event. [Fr.,--L. _quotiens_, _quoties_, how often?--_quot_, -how many?] - -QUOTUM, kw[=o]'tum, _n._ quota: share: part or proportion. [L., neut. of -_quotus_; cf. _Quota_.] - -QUO WARRANTO, kw[=o] wo-ran'to, _n._ (_law_) the title of a writ by which a -person or corporate body is summoned to show by what warrant a particular -franchise or office is claimed. [So called from these words in the writ. L. -_quo_, by what (abl. sing. neut. of _quis_, who, which, what), _warranto_, -abl. of Low L. _warrantum_, warrant.] - - * * * * * - -R the eighteenth letter in our alphabet, belonging to the class of -liquids--the 'dog's letter' (_littera canina_), from the trilling or -vibration of the tip of the tongue: as a medieval numeral=80; -[=R]=80,000.--THE THREE R'S, a humorous term for reading, writing, and -arithmetic. - -RA, r[:a], _n._ the supreme sun-god of the Memphite system of ancient -Egyptian mythology. - -RABANNA, ra-ban'a, _n._ matting made from the fibre of the raffia, in -Madagascar. [Malagasy.] - -RABAT, ra-b[:a]', _n._ a neck-band with flaps worn by French ecclesiastics: -a turned-down collar or ruff--(_obs._) RAB'ATINE, RAB[=A]'TO. [Fr.] - -RABATE, ra-b[=a]t', _v.t._ to beat down.--_n._ abatement. [Fr. _rabattre_, -to beat down--_re-_, again, _abattre_--L. _ad_, to, _batu[)e]re_, to beat.] - -RABBET, rab'et, _n._ a groove cut in the edge of a plank so that another -may fit into it.--_v.t._ to groove a plank thus.--_ns._ -RABB'ETING-MACHINE', -PLANE, -SAW, for ploughing and cutting grooves; -RABB'ET-JOINT, a joint formed by fitting together timber with rabbets. [O. -Fr. _raboter_, to plane--_rabouter_--_re-_, again, _aboter_, _abouter_, to -thrust against.] - -RABBI, rab'i, or rab'[=i], RABBIN, rab'in, _n._ Jewish title of a doctor or -expounder of the law:--_pl._ RABBIS (rab'[=i]z), RABB'INS.--_ns._ RABB'AN -('our master'), a title of greater honour than rabbi; RABB'INATE, the -dignity of a rabbi.--_adjs._ RABBIN'IC, -AL, pertaining to the rabbis or to -their opinions, learning, and language.--_n._ RABBIN'IC, the later -Hebrew.--_adv._ RABBIN'ICALLY.--_ns._ RABB'INISM, the doctrine or teaching -of the rabbis: a rabbinical peculiarity of expression: the late Jewish -belief which esteemed the oral law equally with the written law of God; -RABB'INIST, RABB'INITE, one who adheres to the Talmud and traditions of the -rabbis; RABB[=O]'NI, my great master. [Gr.,--Heb. _rabb['i]_--_rab_, great, -master--_r[=a]bab_, to be great. Cf. Ar. _rabb_, master, the Lord.] - -RABBIT, rab'it, _n._ a small rodent burrowing animal of the hare family: a -cony: any member of the hare family.--_v.i._ to hunt rabbits.--_ns._ -RABB'IT-BRUSH, a North American composite plant; RABB'IT-EAR, a long -slender oyster; RABB'ITER, one who hunts rabbits; RABB'IT-FISH, the 'king -of the herrings;' RABB'IT-HUTCH, a box for the rearing of rabbits; -RABB'IT-MOTH, a moth in United States of a furry appearance; RABB'IT-MOUTH, -harelip; RABB'IT-ROOT, the wild sarsaparilla; RABB'ITRY, a rabbit-warren; -RABB'IT-SQUIRR'EL, a chincha, a South American rodent; RABB'IT-SUCK'ER -(_Shak._), a sucking rabbit; RABB'IT-WARR'EN, a place where rabbits are -kept and bred.--SNOW-SHOE RABBIT, an American hare found in the Rocky -Mountains which turns white in winter; WELSH RABBIT, melted cheese with a -little ale poured over a slice of hot toast--sometimes written 'Welsh -rarebit' by wiseacres. [M. E. _rabet_, dim. of a form seen in Old Dut. -_robbe_.] - -RABBIT, rab'it, _v.t._ an interjectional expression, like _confound_. -[Perh. a corr. of _rabate_.] - -RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ a disorderly, noisy crowd: a mob: the lowest class of -people.--_adj._ disorderly.--_v.i._ to utter nonsense.--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to -mob.--_ns._ RABB'LEMENT, a tumultuous crowd of low people; RABB'LING -(_Scot._), the act of assaulting in a disorderly manner, mobbing. [Allied -to Old Dut. _rabbelen_, to gabble, Prov. Ger. _rabbeln_.] - -RABBLE, rab'l, _n._ an iron bar used in puddling.--_v.t._ to stir with a -rabble.--_n._ RABB'LER. [O. Fr. _roable_ (Fr. _r[^a]ble_)--L. _rutabulum_, -a poker.] - -RABDOMANCY. Same as RHABDOMANCY. - -RABELAISIAN, rab-e-l[=a]'zi-an, _n._ characteristic of _Rabelais_ -(1490-1553), broadly humorous, coarse. - -RABI, rab'i, _n._ the great grain crop of Hindustan. - -RABID, rab'id, _adj._ furious: mad: affected with _rabies_, as a dog: -foolishly intense.--_adj._ RAB'IC, pertaining to rabies.--_adv._ -RAB'IDLY.--_ns._ RAB'IDNESS; R[=A]'BIES, the disease (esp. of dogs) from -which hydrophobia is communicated: canine madness.--_adjs._ R[=A]BIET'IC, -resembling madness; R[=A]BIF'IC, communicating hydrophobia; R[=A]'BIOUS, -raging. [L. _rabidus_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.] - -RABOT, rab'ot, _n._ a rubber used in polishing marble. - -RACA, r[=a]'ka, _adj._ worthless--a term of contempt used by the Jews of -Christ's day; cf. Matt. v. 22. [Chaldee _r[=e]k[=a]_, worthless; perh. -conn. with _raq_, to spit (Ar. _r[=i]q_), or with _r[=i]q[=a]_, empty.] - -RACCAHOUT, rak'a-h[=oo]t, _n._ an Eastern dish made from the edible acorns -of the oak. [Fr.,--Ar. _r[=a]quat_, _r[=a]qaout_, a nourishing starch.] - -RACCOON, RACOON, ra-k[=oo]n', _n._ a genus of the bear family of North -America, valuable for its fur.--_ns._ RACCOON'-BERR'Y, the May apple of the -United States; RACCOON'-OYS'TER, an oyster growing on the shores of the sea -in United States. [Amer. Ind.] - -RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ the human family: the descendants of a common ancestor: -a breed or variety: a tribal or national stock: a line of persons, as of -statesmen, or of animals, as the feline race: a herd: peculiar flavour, as -of wine, by which its origin may be recognised: (_Shak._) intrinsic -character, vigour. [Fr.,--Old High Ger. _reiza_, a line.] - -RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ rapid motion: trial of speed: progress: course of -action: a strong and rapid current: a canal to a water-wheel: a competitive -trial of speed in running, walking, &c.: a horse-race, as the Ascot -races.--_v.i._ to run swiftly: to contend in running.--_v.t._ to cause to -race, as steamers, horses, &c.--_ns._ RACE'-CARD, a card containing -information about races; RACE'-COURSE, -GROUND, -TRACK, the course over -which races are run; RACE'-CUP, a piece of plate forming a prize at a race; -RACE'HORSE, a horse bred for racing; RACE'-MEET'ING, a meeting for purposes -of horse-racing; R[=A]'CER, one who races: a racehorse; RACE'-WAY, a -mill-race; R[=A]'CING, the running of races; R[=A]'CING-BIT, a light -jointed ring-bit; CONSOL[=A]'TION-RACE (see CONSOLATION); FLAT'-RACE, a -horse-race over _level_ or clear ground--opp. to a _Hurdle-race_ or -_Steeplechase_, which are called generally _Obstacle-races_.--RACING -CALENDAR, a full list of races to be run. [A.S. _r['ae]s_, stream; Ice. -_r['a]s_, rapid course.] - -RACE, r[=a]s, _n._ (_Shak._) a root.--_n._ RACE'-GIN'GER, unpulverised -ginger. [O. Fr. _rais_--L. _radix_, a root.] - -RACE, r[=a]s, _v.t._ (_obs._)=_Raze_.--_adj._ RACED. - -RACEME, ra-s[=e]m', _n._ a cluster: a flower-cluster, as in the -currant.--_adjs._ RACEMED', having racemes; RACEM'IC, pertaining to, or -obtained from, grapes: an acid obtained from a certain kind of grape; -RACEMIF'EROUS, bearing racemes; RAC'EM[=O]SE, RAC'EMOUS, growing in, or -resembling, a raceme.--_n._ RAC'EM[=U]LE, a small raceme.--_adj._ -RACEM'UL[=O]SE, bearing small racemes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_.] - -RACH, RATCH, rach, _n._ a dog that hunts by scent. [A.S. _raecc_, a dog; -Ice. _rakki_.] - -RACHIANECTES, ra-ki-an-ek'tez, _n._ the gray whale of the North Pacific. -[Gr. _rhachia_, a rocky shore, _n[=e]kt[=e]s_, a swimmer.] - -RACHIS, r[=a]'kis, _n._ the spine: (_bot._) a branch or axis of -inflorescence which proceeds in nearly a straight line from the base to the -apex:--_pl._ R[=A]'CHID[=E]S.--_n._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIA, pain in the -spine.--_adjs._ R[=A]CHIAL'GIC; R[=A]CHID'IAL, R[=A]CHID'IAN.--_n._ -R[=A]CHIL'LA, a secondary rachis in a compound inflorescence.--_adj._ -R[=A]CHIT'IC, rickety.--_ns._ R[=A]CH[=I]'TIS, rickets in children (see -RICKETS): (_bot._) a disease which produces abortion in the fruit; -R[=A]CH'ITOME, an anatomical instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Gr. -_rachis_, the spine.] - -RACIAL, r[=a]'si-al, _adj._ relating to lineage, peculiar to a -race.--_adv._ R[=A]'CIALLY. - -RACK, rak, _n._ an instrument for racking or extending: an engine for -stretching the body in order to extort a confession, hence (_fig._) extreme -pain, anxiety, or doubt: a framework on which articles are arranged, as -_hat-rack_, _plate-rack_, _letter-rack_, &c.: the grating above a manger -for hay: (_mech._) a straight bar with teeth to work into those of a wheel, -pinion, or endless screw, for converting a circular into a rectilinear -motion, or _vice vers[^a]_: (_Scot._) the course in curling.--_v.t._ to -stretch forcibly: to strain: to stretch on the rack or wheel: to torture: -to exhaust: to worry, agitate: to wrest, overstrain: to practise rapacity: -to extort: to place in a rack or frame: (_naut._) to seize together with -cross-turns, as two ropes.--_n._ RACK'ER, one who tortures.--_adj._ -RACK'ING, tormenting.--_ns._ RACK'-RAIL, a railway having cogs which work -into similar cogs on a locomotive; RACK'-RENT, an annual rent stretched to -the utmost value of the thing rented, exorbitant rent.--_v.t._ to subject -to such rents.--_ns._ RACK'-RENT'ER, one who exacts or pays rack-rent; -RACK'-STICK, a stick for stretching a rope; RACK'-TAIL, a bent arm in a -repeating clock connected with the striking mechanism; RACK'WORK, a strong -bar with cogs to correspond with similar cogs on a wheel, which either -moves or is moved by the bar.--LIVE AT RACK AND MANGER, to live sumptuously -and wastefully; ON THE RACK, stretched upon it: tortured by anxiety; PUT TO -THE RACK, to put to the torture of the rack: to subject to keen suffering. -[The radical sense is to stretch, closely allied to _reach_ (q.v.); cf. -Ice. _rakkr_, straight, Ger. _rack_, a rail, _recken_, to stretch.] - -RACK, rak, _n._ same as WRACK=_Wreck_--now used only in the phrases GO TO -RACK, GO TO RACK AND RUIN. [Cf. the next word.] - -RACK, rak, _n._ thin or broken clouds drifting across the sky.--_v.i._ to -drift, to drive. [_Wrack_; cf. Ice. _rek_.] - -RACK, rak, _v.t._ to strain or draw off from the lees, as wine.--_ns._ -RACK'ING-CAN, a vessel from which wine can be drawn without disturbing the -lees; RACK'ING-COCK, -FAU'CET, a cock used in drawing off liquour from a -cask; RACK'ING-PUMP, a pump for the transfer of liquor to casks. [O. Fr. -_raquer_, _vin raqu['e]_; prob. cog. with Sp. _rascar_, to scrape.] - -RACK, rak, _n._ (_prov._) the neck and spine of a fore-quarter of veal or -mutton: the neck of mutton or pork. - -RACK, rak, _n._ the gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop.--_n._ -RACK'ER, a horse that moves in this gait. [Perh. _rack_, to drift, or -_rock_.] - -RACK, rak, _n._ same as ARRACK.--RACK PUNCH, a punch made with arrack. - -RACK, rak, _n._ a young rabbit. [Orig. unknown.] - -RACKABONES, rak'a-b[=o]nz, _n._ (_Amer._) a very lean person or animal. - -RACKAROCK, rak'a-rok, _n._ an explosive of potassium chlorate and -nitro-benzol.--Also REND'ROCK. - -RACKET, RACQUET, rak'et, _n._ a bat for playing tennis: a snow-shoe: an -organ-stop: a 17th-cent. musical instrument: (_pl._) a modern variety of -the old game of tennis.--_v.t._ to strike, as with a racket.--_ns._ -RACK'ET-, RACQ'UET-COURT, -GROUND, a court for playing rackets: a -tennis-court; RACK'ET-TAIL, a humming-bird with two feathers like -rackets.--_adj._ RACK'ET-TAILED. [O. Fr. _rachete_ (Fr. _raquette_)--Sp. -_raqueta_--Ar. _r[=a]hat_, the palm of the hand.] - -RACKET, rak'et, _n._ a clattering noise: hurly-burly.--_v.i._ to make a -clattering noise: to engage in racket of any kind: to be dissipated.--_n._ -RACK'ETER.--_adj._ RACK'ETY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ RACK'LE (_prov._), to -rattle.--_n._ noisy talk. [Gael. _racaid_--_rac_, to cackle.] - -RACONTEUR, ra-kong-t[.e]r', _n._ a story-teller. [Fr.] - -RACOON. See RACCOON. - -RACOVIAN, ra-k[=o]'vi-an, _n._ a 17th-cent. Polish Socinian--their seminary -being at _Rakow_. - -RACY, r[=a]'si, _adj._ having a strong flavour imparted by the soil, as -wine: exciting to the mind by strongly characteristic thought or language: -spirited: pungent, as a _racy_ story: peculiar to the race.--_adv._ -R[=A]'CILY.--_n._ R[=A]'CINESS. [_Race_, a family.] - -RAD, rad (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _read_ and _ride_. - -RAD, rad, _adj._ (_Scot._) afraid. - -RAD, rad, _n._ short for _radical_. - -RADDLE, rad'l, _v.t._ to interweave: to beat.--_n._ a hedge formed by -interweaving the branches of trees: a hurdle: split wood like laths: a -wooden bar used in domestic weaving. [Perh. a transposed form of _hurdle_; -or perh. formed from _wreathe_, or _writhe_, and confused with _hurdle_.] - -RADDLE, rad'l, _n._ a layer of red pigment--also REDD'LE.--_v.t._ to colour -coarsely, as with raddle: to do work in a slovenly way. [_Ruddle._] - -RADE, r[=a]d, old form of _rode_. - -RADIAL, r[=a]'di-al, _adj._ shooting out like a ray or radius: pertaining -to the radius of the forearm: (_bot._) developing uniformly on all -sides.--_ns._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LE, the radiocarpal bone:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LIA; -R[=A]DI[=A]'LIS, a radial muscle, artery, or nerve:--_pl._ R[=A]DI[=A]'LES; -R[=A]DIALIS[=A]'TION, arrangement in radiating forms.--_v.t._ -R[=A]'DIALISE, to make ray-like: to cause to radiate.--_n._ R[=A]DIAL'ITY, -radial symmetry.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIALLY, in the manner of a radius or of -rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DIOCAR'PAL, pertaining to the wrist or carpus; -R[=A]'DIOMUS'CULAR, pertaining to the radius and to muscles; -R[=A]'DIO-UL'NAR, pertaining to the radius and the ulna.--RADIAL ARTERY, -the smaller of the branches of the branchial artery at the elbow. - -RADIAN, r[=a]'di-an, _n._ the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by -an arc equal to the radius. - -RADIANT, r[=a]'di-ant, _adj._ emitting rays of light or heat: issuing in -rays: beaming with light: shining: (_her._) edged with rays.--_n._ (_opt._) -the luminous point from which light emanates: (_astron._) the centre point -from which meteoric showers proceed: (_geom._) a straight line from a point -about which it is conceived to revolve.--_ns._ R[=A]'DIANCE, R[=A]'DIANCY, -quality of being radiant: brilliancy: splendour.--_adv._ -R[=A]'DIANTLY.--_adj._ R[=A]'DIOUS (_obs._), radiant.--RADIANT ENERGY, -energy in the form of light or radiant heat; RADIANT HEAT, heat proceeding -in rays or direct lines from a centre. [L. _radians_, _-antis_, pr.p. of -_radi[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to radiate--_radius._] - -RADIATA, r[=a]-di-[=a]'ta, _n.pl._ the lowest of Cuvier's four great -divisions of the animal kingdom--the organs of sense and motion disposed as -rays round a centre. - -RADIATE, r[=a]'di-[=a]t, _v.i._ to emit rays of light: to shine: to proceed -in direct lines from any point or surface.--_v.t._ to send out in rays: to -furnish with rays.--_adjs._ R[=A]'DI[=A]TE, -D, formed of rays diverging -from a centre: (_bot._) consisting of a disc in which the florets are -tubular: (_min._) having crystals diverging from a centre: belonging to the -_Radiata_: in coins, represented with rays proceeding from a centre, as a -head or bust.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATELY, in a radiate manner: with radiation -from a centre.--_adj._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TIFORM, having the appearance of being -radiate.--_adv._ R[=A]'DIATINGLY.--_n._ R[=A]DI[=A]'TION, act of radiating: -the emission and diffusion of rays of light or heat.--_adj._ -R[=A]'DIATIVE.--_n._ R[=A]'DIATOR, a body which radiates or emits rays of -light or heat: a part of a heating apparatus for a room.--_adj._ -R[=A]'DIATORY.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOFLAGELL'ATA, marine animalcules; -R[=A]'DIOGRAPH, an instrument by which solar radiation is measured.--_adj._ -R[=A]DIOL[=A]'RIAN, pertaining to the ooze at the bottom of the sea, -composed of the shells of RADIOL[=A]'RIANS, a class of marine rhizopod -_Protozoa_, so called from their having thread-like processes of living -matter radiating outwards on all sides.--_ns._ R[=A]D[=I]'OLUS, one of the -barbules of the main shaft of a feather; R[=A]DIOM'ETER, an instrument -consisting of four horizontal arms of very fine glass, carefully poised so -as to revolve easily on a point, the whole contained in a glass vessel -almost exhausted of air--the arms move round under light or heat, more or -less swiftly according to the strength of the rays.--_adj._ -R[=A]DIOMET'RIC.--_ns._ R[=A]DIOMICROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring -very small amounts of heat; R[=A]'DIOPHONE, an instrument for producing or -transmitting sound by heat-rays.--_adj._ R[=A]DIOPHON'IC.--_ns._ -R[=A]DIOPHON'ICS, R[=A]'DIOPHONY, the production of sound by radiant heat; -R[=A]'DIUM, a rare element whose radiations act upon photographic plates -and have properties like the X-rays. - -RADICAL, rad'i-kal, _adj._ pertaining to the root or origin: original: -fundamental: intrinsic: primitive: implanted by nature: not derived: -serving to originate: (_bot._) proceeding immediately from the root: -(_politics_) ultra-liberal, democratic.--_n._ a root: a primitive word or -letter: one who advocates radical reform, an uncompromising democratic -politician: (_chem._) the base of a compound.--_v.t._ RAD'ICALISE, to make -radical.--_v.i._ to become radical, adopt radical political -principles.--_n._ RAD'ICALISM, the principles or spirit of a radical or -democrat.--_adv._ RAD'ICALLY.--_n._ RAD'ICALNESS. [_Radix._] - -RADICATE, rad'i-k[=a]t, _adj._ deeply rooted: firmly established: (_zool._) -fixed at the bottom as if rooted: (_conch._) adhering like a -limpet.--_v.t._ to root: to plant or fix deeply and firmly:--_pr.p._ -rad'ic[=a]ting; _pa.p._ rad'ic[=a]ted.--_adjs._ RAD'ICANT (_bot._), sending -out roots from the stem above the ground; RADIC[=A]'RIAN, relating to -roots; RAD'ICATED, rooted.--_ns._ RADIC[=A]'TION, the act or process of -radicating or taking root deeply: (_bot._) the disposition of the root with -respect to the ascending or descending stem; RAD'ICEL, a rootlet.--_adjs._ -RADICIC'OLOUS, RADIC'OLOUS, living on roots, pertaining to the root-form of -the phylloxera; RADICIFL[=O]'ROUS, flowering from the root; RADIC'IFORM, -like a root.--_n._ RAD'ICLE, a little root: the part of a seed which in -growing becomes the root.--_adjs._ RAD'IC[=O]SE, having a large root; -RADIC'[=U]LAR, pertaining to a radicle.--_n._ RAD'IC[=U]LE (_bot._), that -end of the embryo which is opposite to the cotyledons.--_adj._ -RADIC'[=U]L[=O]SE (_bot._), covered with rootlets: radicose, having a large -root. [L. _radic[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_, to take root--_radix_, a root.] - -RADISH, rad'ish, _n._ an annual whose succulent pungent root is eaten raw -as a salad.--_ns._ RAD'ISH-FLY, an American insect; SEA'SIDE-RAD'ISH, the -wild radish. [Fr. _radis_--Prov. _raditz_--L. _radix_, _radicis_, a root.] - -RADIUS, r[=a]'di-us, _n._ (_geom._) a straight line from the centre to the -circumference of a circle: anything like a radius, as the spoke of a wheel: -a ray: (_anat._) the exterior bone of the arm: (_bot._) the ray of a -flower: the movable arm of a sextant: one of the radiating lines of a -geometrical spider's web:--_pl._ R[=A]'DII ([=i]).--_ns._ R[=A]'DIUS-BAR, --ROD, in a steam-engine, a rod pivoted at one end and connected at the -other with a concentrically moving part at a fixed distance.--RADIUS VECTOR -(_pl._ _Radii vectores_), the distance from a fixed origin to any point of -a curve. [L., a rod.] - -RADIX, r[=a]'diks, _n._ a root: primitive source: a primitive word from -which other words are formed: the base of a system of logarithms:--_pl._ -RADICES (r[=a]-d[=i]'s[=e]z). [L. _radix_, _radic-is_.] - -RADOUB, ra-d[=oo]b', _n._ the refitting of a ship. [Fr., _radouber_, to -mend. Cf. _Redub_.] - -RADULA, rad'[=u]-la, _n._ the tongue or lingual ribbon of a -mollusc.--_adjs._ RAD'[=U]LAR; RAD'[=U]L[=A]TE; RAD[=U]LIF'EROUS, bearing a -radula; RAD'[=U]LIFORM, rasp-like: like a file. [L.,--_rad[)e]re_, to -scrape.] - -RAFF, raf, _n._ the sweepings of society, the rabble: the riff-raff: -rubbish: a low worthless fellow, a rowdy.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to snatch, to -sweep off.--_adj._ RAFF'ISH, worthless. [O. Fr. _raffer_, to catch; cog. -with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch; cf. _Riff-raff_.] - -RAFF, RAFFE, raf, _n._ (_naut._) a three-cornered sail set on a schooner -when before the wind.--Also RAFF'IE. - -RAFFIA. Same as RAPHIA. - -RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ a kind of sale by chance or lottery in which the price -is subscribed equally by all who hope to win.--_v.i._ to try a -raffle.--_n._ RAFF'LER. [Fr. _rafle_, a certain game of dice--_rafler_, to -sweep away--Ger. _raffeln_, freq. of _raffen_ (A.S. _reafian_), to seize.] - -RAFFLE, raf'l, _n._ lumber, rubbish. [Cf. _Raff_ (1).] - -RAFFLED, raf'ld, _adj._ having the edge finely notched. - -RAFFLESIA, raf-l[=e]'zi-a, _n._ a remarkable genus of apetalous parasitic -plants, named after Sir T. Stamford _Raffles_ (1781-1826), British governor -in Sumatra (1818). - -RAFT, raft, _n._ (_U.S._) a miscellaneous or promiscuous lot. [A variant of -_Raff_ (1).] - -RAFT, raft, _n._ a collection of pieces of timber fastened together for a -support on the water: planks conveyed by water.--_v.t._ to transport on a -raft: to form into a raft.--_v.i._ to manage a raft, travel by raft.--_ns._ -RAFT'-BRIDGE, a bridge supported on rafts; RAFT'-DOG, an iron bar fitted -for securing logs in a raft; RAFT'-DUCK, the black-head duck of the United -States; RAFT'-PORT, a square hole in some ships for convenience in loading -and unloading timber; RAFT'-ROPE, a rope used in whaling-vessels for -stringing blubber; RAFTS'MAN, one who guides a raft. [Ice. _raptr_ (pron. -_raftr_), a rafter--_r['a]f_, _raefr_, a roof; cf. Old High Ger. _r[=a]fo_, -a spar.] - -RAFTER, raft'[.e]r, _n._ an inclined beam supporting the roof of a -house.--_v.t._ to furnish with rafters.--_n._ RAFT'ER-BIRD, the spotted -fly-catcher.--PRINCIPAL RAFTER, a main timber in supporting the weight of a -roof. [A.S. _raefter_, a beam; Ice. _raptr_ (_raftr_), a beam; Dan. _raft_, -a pole.] - -RAG, rag, _n._ a fragment of cloth: a rock having a rough irregular -surface: a remnant, scrap: a beggarly person: anything rent or worn -out.--_adj._ made of rags.--_v.t._ to make ragged.--_v.i._ to become -ragged, to fray: (_U.S. slang_) to dress (_out_).--_ns._ RAG'ABASH, a low -fellow; RAG'AMUFFIN, a low, disreputable person.--_adj._ -RAG'AMUFFINLY.--_ns._ RAG'-BUSH, in some heathen countries, a bush -dedicated to some deity and decorated with rags torn from the clothes of -pilgrims; RAG'-DUST, the refuse of rags used by dyers; RAG'-FAIR, a fair or -market for rags, old clothes, &c.; RAG'GERY, rags collectively; RAG'GING, -the first rough separation of the ore from dross; RAG'-MAN, a man who -collects or deals in rags; RAG'-MON'EY (_slang_), paper money; -RAG'-PICK'ER, one who collects rags, &c., from ash-heaps, dung-hills, &c.: -a machine for tearing old rags, &c., to pieces; RAG'-SHOP, a shop where -rag-pickers dispose of their finds; RAG'-SORT'ER, one who sorts out rags -for paper-making; RAG'-STONE, RAGG, an impure limestone, consisting chiefly -of lime and silica; RAG'-TAG, the rabble; RAG'WEED, any plant of the -composite genus _Ambrosia_; RAG'WHEEL, a wheel with teeth or cogs on the -rim, which fit into the links of a chain or into rackwork: a cutlass -polishing-wheel; RAG'-WOOL, shoddy; RAG'WORK, mason-work built of small -stones about the size of bricks: a manufacture from strips of rag.--RAG-TAG -AND BOBTAIL, a rabble. [Ice. _r[:o]gg_, shagginess.] - -RAG, rag, _v.t._ to banter, torment.--Also _n._ [Perh. from the previous -word; others refer to Ice. _raegja_, to calumniate; cog. with A.S. -_wr['e]gan_, to accuse.] - -RAGBOLT, rag'b[=o]lt, _n._ an iron pin with barbed shank. - -RAGE, r[=a]j, _n._ violent excitement: enthusiasm: rapture: furious anger: -intensity: any object much sought after, the fashion.--_v.i._ to be furious -with anger: to exercise fury: to prevail fatally, as a disease: to be -violently agitated, as the waves.--_v.t._ to enrage.--_adjs._ RAGE'FUL, -full of rage, furious; R[=A]'GING, acting with rage, violence, or -fury.--_adv._ R[=A]'GINGLY.--All the rage (_coll._), quite the fashion. -[Fr.,--L. _rabies_--_rab[)e]re_, to rave.] - -RAGG, rag, _n._ (_geol._)=_Ragstone_. See under RAG (1). - -RAGGED, rag'ed, _adj._ torn or worn into rags: having a rough edge: -ruggedly uneven, jagged: wearing ragged clothes: shabby.--_adv._ -RAGG'EDLY.--_ns._ RAGG'EDNESS; RAGG'ED-ROB'IN, the cuckoo flower; -RAGG'ED-SAIL'OR, the prince's feather-plant; RAGG'ED-SCHOOL, a school for -the destitute; RAGG'ED-STAFF (_her._), a knotted stick with short stumps of -branches on each side. [Cf. _Rag_.] - -RAGGEE, rag'[=e], _n._ a species of millet, grown in Southern India. -[Hind.] - -RAGGLE, rag'l, _v.t._ to notch irregularly.--_n._ a ragged piece. [Freq. of -_rag_.] - -RAGLAN, rag'lan, _n._ a loose, wide-sleeved overcoat. [From Lord _Raglan_ -(1788-1855), commander of the English forces in the Crimea.] - -RAGMAN-ROLL, rag'man-r[=o]l, _n._ a parchment roll with pendent seals, any -important document, esp. the collection of instruments by which the Scotch -nobles subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, 1291-2-6, and at the -parliament of Berwick: a vague story (cf. _Rigmarole_). [Prob. Ice. -_ragmenni_, a craven--_ragr_, cowardly (A.S. _earg_), _madhr_, man.] - -RAGNAR[:O]K, rag'na-r[=oo]k', _n._ the end of the world when the gods -(Odin, Thor, &c.) shall be overcome by their enemies and the world burnt -up. [Ice. _ragna r[:o]kr_, twilight of the gods--_r[:o]gn_, _r['e]gin_, the -gods, _r[:o]kr_, darkness; but orig. _ragna r[:o]k_, the history of the -gods--_r[:o]k_, reason, judgment.] - -RAGOUT, ra-g[=oo]', _n._ a stew of meat with kitchen herbs, the French -equivalent of Irish stew: any spicy mixture or combination, even of -persons. [Fr.,--_rago[^u]ter_, to restore the appetite--L. _re_, again, Fr. -_[`a]_ (=_ad_), to, _go[^u]t_--L. _gustus_, taste.] - -RAGULY, rag'[=u]-li, _adj._ (_her._) ragged or notched at the edges.--Also -RAG'ULED. - -RAGWORT, rag'wurt, _n._ any one of several herbs of genus _Senecio_: a -large coarse weed with a yellow flower.--GOLDEN RAGWORT, a North American -plant; WOOLLY RAGWORT, a plant from one to three feet high, found in the -United States, and covered with hoary wool. [_Rag_, and A.S. _wyrt_, a -plant.] - -RAHU, r[:a]'h[=oo], _n._ in Hindu mythology, the demon who causes eclipses -of sun and moon. - -RAIBLE, r[=a]'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ a Scotch form of _rabble_. - -RAID, r[=a]d, _n._ a hostile or predatory invasion: a sudden onset: an -irruption, as if for assault or seizure.--_v.t._ to make a sudden -attack.--_n._ RAID'ER, one who makes a raid.--RAID THE MARKET, to derange -prices by a panic. [A.S. _r['a]d_, a riding; Ice. _reidh_.] - -RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a bar of timber or metal extending from one support to -another, as in fences, staircases, &c.: one of those steel bars used on the -permanent way of a railway, generally of that form known as the T-rail: a -barrier: the railway as a means of travel or transport: (_archit._) the -horizontal part of a frame and panel: (_naut._) the forecastle-rail, -poop-rail, and top-rail are bars across the forecastle, &c.--_v.t._ to -enclose with rails: to furnish with rails.--_ns._ RAIL'-BEND'ER, a -screw-press for straightening rails; RAIL'-BOR'ER, a hand-drill for rails; -RAIL'-CHAIR, an iron block by which the rails are secured to the sleepers; -RAIL'-CLAMP, a wedge for clamping a rail firmly; RAIL'-COUP'LING, a bar by -which the opposite rails of a railway are connected at curves, switches, -&c.; RAIL'-GUARD, a guard-rail before a front wheel; RAIL'ING, a fence of -posts and rails: material for rails; RAIL'-PUNCH, a machine for punching -holes in the webs of rails; RAIL'ROAD, RAIL'WAY, a road or way laid with -iron rails on which carriages run.--_v.t._ RAIL'ROAD (_U.S._), to push -forward fast.--_ns._ RAIL'ROADER, one employed about a railway; -RAIL'ROAD-WORM, the apple maggot; RAIL'-SAW, a portable machine for sawing -off metal rails; RAIL'-SPLIT'TER (_U.S._), one who splits logs into rails -for a fence; RAIL'WAY-CAR, a vehicle for the transportation of passengers -and goods; RAIL'WAY-CARR'IAGE, a carriage for the conveyance of passengers; -RAIL'WAY-CROSS'ING, an intersection of railway-lines: an intersection of an -ordinary road with a railroad; RAIL'WAY-SLIDE, a turn-table; -RAIL'WAY-STITCH, a loose and rapid stitch in knitting or crochet-work; -RAIL'WAY-TRAIN (see TRAIN).--RAILWAY COMPANY, a stock company formed for -the construction and working of a railway, usually organised by a -legislative enactment.--ELEVATED RAILWAY, an elevated bridge-like structure -used for railway purposes, to avoid obstruction of surface roadways; -MILITARY RAILWAY, a railway equipped for military service, the locomotives -being armoured, and the carriages armour-plated and provided with portholes -for rifles; PORTABLE RAILWAY, a light railway made in detachable sections, -and so suited for carrying easily from place to place. [Low Ger. _regel_, -prob. through O. Fr. _reille_; cf. Ger. _riegel_, a bar. Some refer to L. -_regula_ through O. Fr. _reille_.] - -RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ to brawl: to use insolent language.--_v.t._ to scoff -at, affect by railing.--_n._ RAIL'ER, one who rails: one who insults or -defames by opprobrious language.--_adj._ RAIL'ING, reproachful, -insulting.--_n._ reproachful and insulting language.--_adv._ RAIL'INGLY, in -a railing manner: scoffingly: insultingly.--_n._ RAILLERY (r[=a]l'[.e]r-i, -or ral'-), railing or mockery: banter: good-humoured irony. [Fr. -_railler_--L. _rallum_, a hoe--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.] - -RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a genus of wading-birds with a harsh cry.--_n._ -RAIL'-BIRD, the Carolina rail.--GOLDEN RAIL, a rail snipe. [O. Fr. _rasle_ -(Fr. _r[^a]le_)--Old Dut. _ratelen_, to rattle.] - -RAIL, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to flow or pour down. - -RAIL, r[=a]l, _n._ a robe--now only in _Night-rail_. - -RAIMENT, r[=a]'ment, _n._ that in which one is dressed: clothing in -general. [For _arraiment_. Cf. _Array_.] - -RAIN, r[=a]n, _n._ water from the clouds in drops: a shower: a fall of any -substance through the atmosphere in the manner of rain.--_v.i._ to fall -from the clouds: to drop like rain.--_v.t._ to pour like rain.--_ns._ -RAIN'BAND, a dark band in the solar spectrum; RAIN'-BIRD, a bird, like the -RAIN'-CROW, supposed to foretell rain by its cries and actions; RAIN'BOW, -the brilliant-coloured bow or arch seen when rain is falling opposite the -sun, called _lunar rainbow_ when formed by the moon; RAIN'BOW-DART'ER, the -soldier-fish.--_adjs._ RAIN'BOWED, formed with, or like, a rainbow; -RAIN'BOW-TINT'ED, having tints like those of a rainbow: iridescent.--_ns._ -RAIN'BOW-TROUT, a variety of the Californian salmon; RAIN'-CHAM'BER, an -attachment to a furnace in which the fumes of any metal are condensed; -RAIN'-CHART, -MAP, a chart giving information as to the distribution of -rain in any part of the world; RAIN'-CLOUD, a cloud in meteorology called -nimbus; RAIN'DROP, a drop of rain; RAIN'FALL, a fall of rain: the amount of -water that falls in a given time in the form of rain; RAIN'-GAUGE, an -instrument for measuring the quantity of rain that falls; RAIN'INESS, the -state of being rainy.--_adj._ RAIN'LESS, without rain.--_ns._ RAIN'-MAK'ER, --DOC'TOR, a sorcerer, as those of Africa, professing to bring rain; -RAIN'-POUR, a heavy rainfall; RAIN'-PRINT, one of the small pits seen on -the surfaces of some argillaceous rocks, and believed to be the impressions -of raindrops.--_adjs._ RAIN'-PROOF, -TIGHT, impervious to rain.--_ns._ -RAIN'STORM; RAIN'-TREE, the genisaro of South America; RAIN'-WA'TER, water -which falls in rain from the clouds.--_adj._ RAIN'Y, abounding with rain: -showery.--RAIN CATS AND DOGS (see CAT).--A RAINY DAY (_fig._), a time of -need or hardship: future want or need; THE FORMER AND THE LATTER RAIN, -Palestine, the rain in spring and in autumn: rain in its season. [A.S. -_regn_, _r['e]n_, rain; Dut. and Ger. _regen_, Ice. _regn_.] - -RAINDEER. Same as REINDEER. - -RAISE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to cause to rise: to lift up: to hoist: to set -upright: to originate or produce: to bring together: to cause to grow or -breed: to produce: to give rise to: to exalt: to increase the strength of: -to excite: to collect: muster: (_Scot._) to rouse, inflame: to recall from -death: to cause to swell, as dough: to extol: to bring up: to remove, take -off, as a blockade: to collect, as to raise a company: to give rise to, as -to raise a laugh.--_n._ an ascent, a cairn: (_coll._) an enlargement, -increase.--_adj._ RAIS'ABLE, capable of being raised.--_ns._ RAIS'ER, one -who, or that which, raises a building, &c.: (_archit._) the upright board -on the front of a step in a flight of steps; RAIS'ING, the act of lifting: -the embossing of sheet-metal by hammering or stamping: the process of -deepening colours in dyeing: that with which bread is raised; RAIS'ING-BEE, -a gathering of neighbours to help in raising the frame of a house, &c.; -RAIS'ING-BOARD, a ribbed board by which to raise the grain of leather; -RAIS'ING-GIG, a machine for raising a nap on cloth; RAIS'ING-PIECE, a piece -of timber laid on a brick wall, or on a frame, to carry a beam or beams; -RAIS'ING-PLATE, a horizontal timber supporting the heels of rafters.--RAISE -A SIEGE, to relinquish a siege, or cause this to be done; RAISE BREAD, to -make it light, as by yeast or leaven; RAISE CAIN, THE DEVIL, HELL, THE -MISCHIEF, &c., to create confusion or riot; RAISED BEACH (_geol._), a -terrace of gravel, &c., marking the margin of an ancient sea; RAISED -EMBROIDERY, that in which the pattern is raised in relief from the ground; -RAISED WORK, in lace-making, work having the edge or some other part of the -pattern raised in relief; RAISE MONEY ON, to get money by pawning -something; RAISE ONE'S DANDER (see DANDER); RAISE THE MARKET UPON -(_coll._), to charge more than the regular price; RAISE THE WIND, to obtain -money by any shift. [M. E. _reisen_--Ice. _reisa_, causal of _r['i]sa_, to -rise. Cf. _Rise_.] - -RAISIN, r[=a]'zn, _n._ a dried ripe grape.--RAISIN WINE, wine made from -dried grapes. [Fr.,--L. _racemus_, a bunch of grapes.] - -RAISON D'[^E]TRE, r[=a]-zong' d[=a]'tr, _n._ reason or excuse for being: -rational ground for existence.--_adj._ RAISONN['E] (r[=a]-zo-n[=a]'), -reasoned out, systematic, as in 'catalogue raisonn['e].' [Fr. _raison_, -reason, _de_, of, _[^e]tre_, to be.] - -RAJAH, RAJA, r[:a]'ja, _n._ a native prince or king in Hindustan.--_ns._ -RAJ (r[:a]j), rule; RA'JAHSHIP, the dignity or principality of a rajah; -RAJPOOT, RAJPUT (r[:a]j-poot'), a member of various tribes in India, -descended either from the old royal races of the Hindus or from the warrior -caste. [Sans. _r[=a]jan_, a king, cog. with L. _rex_; Sans. _putra_, a -son.] - -RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ an instrument with teeth or pins for smoothing earth, -&c.: any tool consisting of a flat blade at right angles to a long -handle.--_v.t._ to scrape with something toothed: to draw together: to -gather with difficulty: to level with a rake: to search diligently: to pass -over violently and swiftly: (_naut._) to fire into, as a ship, lengthwise: -to inter or hide, as by raking earth over a body.--_v.i._ to work with a -rake: to search minutely.--_ns._ R[=A]'KER; R[=A]'KING, the act or -operation of using a rake: the space raked at once: the quantity collected -at once with a rake: sharp criticism.--_adj._ such as to rake, as a raking -fire.--RAKE HELL, to search even hell to find a person equally bad; RAKE -UP, to cover with material raked or scraped together: to draw from -oblivion, to revive. [A.S. _raca_, a rake; Ger. _rechen_, Ice. _reka_, a -shovel.] - -RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ [Contr. of _rakehell_.] - -RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ (_naut._) the projection of the stem and stern of a ship -beyond the extremities of the keel: the inclination of a mast from the -perpendicular.--_v.i._ to incline from the perpendicular or the -horizontal.--_v.t._ to cause to incline or slope.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH, -having a rake or inclination of the masts.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY. [Scand., -Sw. _raka_, to reach.] - -RAKE, r[=a]k, _n._ a dissolute person: a libertine.--_v.i._ to lead a -debauched life, esp. to make a practice of lechery.--_n._ RAKE'HELL, a -rascal or villain: a debauchee.--_adjs._ RAKE'HELL, -Y, dissolute.--_ns._ -RAKEHELL[=O]'NIAN, a rakehell; R[=A]'KERY, dissoluteness; RAKE'SHAME -(_Milt._), a base, dissolute wretch.--_adj._ R[=A]'KISH, like a rake: -dissolute: debauched.--_adv._ R[=A]'KISHLY.--_n._ R[=A]'KISHNESS, -dissoluteness: the state of being rakish or dissolute: dissolute practices. -[Corr. of M. E. _rakel_, corr. into _rakehell_, shortened to _rake_; -Scand., as Sw. _rakkel_, a vagabond, Ice. _reikall_, unsettled--_reika_, to -wander.] - -RAKE, r[=a]k, _v.i._ (_prov._) to wander, to take a course, proceed: -(_hunting_) of a hawk, to fly wide of the game: of a dog, to follow a wrong -course.--RAKE ABOUT (_Scot._), to gad or wander about. [M. E. _raken_--A.S. -_racian_, to run; confused with M. E. _raiken_--Ice. _reika_, to wander.] - -RAKI, rak'[=e], _n._ a spirituous liquor used in the Levant and -Greece.--Also RAK'EE. [Turk.] - -RAKSHAS, -A, rak'shas, -[:a], _n._ in Hindu mythology, one of a class of -evil spirits or genii, generally hideous, frequenting cemeteries. - -R[^A]LE, r[:a]l, _n._ (_path._) an abnormal sound heard on auscultation of -the lungs. [Fr.,--_r[^a]ler_, to rattle--Low Ger. _ratelen_, to rattle.] - -RALLENTANDO, ral-len-tan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) becoming slower.--Also -RALLENTA'TO, and abbrev. RALL. [It., _rallentare_, to slacken.] - -RALLIER, ral'i-[.e]r, _n._ one who rallies. - -RALLUS, ral'us, _n._ a genus containing the true rails, water-rails, and -marsh-hens.--_adjs._ RALL'IFORM; RALL'INE. [_Rail._] - -RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to gather again: to collect and arrange, as troops in -confusion: to recover.--_v.i._ to reassemble, esp. after confusion: to -recover wasted strength:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rallied (ral'id).--_n._ act -of rallying: a m[^e]l['e]e of pantomimists, as at the end of a -transformation scene: recovery of order: recovery of prices: the return of -the ball in tennis, playing frequently from one side to the other.--_n._ -RALL'YING-POINT, a place or person at or about whom people come together -for action. [O. Fr. _rallier_--L. _re-_, again, _ad_, to, _lig[=a]re_, to -bind. Cf. _Ally_.] - -RALLY, ral'i, _v.t._ to attack with raillery: to banter.--_v.i._ to -exercise raillery:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rall'ied.--_n._ satirical -merriment.--_adv._ RALL'YINGLY. [Fr. _railler_. A variant of _rail_ -(v.i.).] - -RALPH, ralf, _n._ (_slang_) the imp of mischief in a printing-house: a -raven. - -RAM, ram, _n._ a male sheep, a tup: (_astron._) Aries (q.v.), one of the -signs of the zodiac: an engine of war for battering, with a head like that -of a ram: a hydraulic engine, called water-ram: a ship-of-war armed with a -heavy iron beak for running down a hostile vessel.--_v.t._ to thrust with -violence, as a ram with its head: to force together: to drive hard -down:--_pr.p._ ram'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rammed.--_n._ RAM'-HEAD, an -iron lever for raising great stones: a cuckold. [A.S. _ram_, _rom_; Ger. -_ramm_.] - -RAM, ram, _adj._ strong-scented: (used as a prefix) very.--_n._ RAM'-CAT, a -tom-cat.--_adj._ RAM'MISH, strong-scented: lewd.--_n._ -RAM'MISHNESS.--_adj._ RAM'MY. [Ice. _ramr_, strong, as Ice. _ramliga_, -strongly.] - -RAMADAN, RAMADHAN, ram-a-dan', _n._ the ninth month of the Mohammedan year, -throughout which the faithful are required to fast from dawn to -sunset--prop. RAMAZAN'. [Ar.,--_ramed_, to be hot.] - -RAMAL. See RAMUS. - -RAMAYANA, r[:a]-m[:a]'ya-n[:a], _n._ one of the two great epic poems of -ancient India--the history of _Rama_. - -RAMBADE, ram'b[=a]d, _n._ the elevated platform built across the prow of a -vessel for boarding. [Fr.] - -RAMBLE, ram'bl, _v.i._ to go from place to place without object: to visit -many places: to be desultory, as in discourse.--_n._ a roving about: an -irregular excursion: a place in which to ramble.--_n._ RAM'BLER.--_adj._ -RAM'BLING, moving about irregularly: desultory.--_adv._ RAM'BLINGLY, in a -rambling manner. [Freq. of M. E. _ramen_, to roam.] - -RAMBUSTIOUS, ram-bus'tyus, _adj._ (_slang_) boisterous. - -RAMBUTAN, ram-b[=oo]'tan, _n._ the edible fruit of a lofty Malaysian tree -(_Nephelium lappaceum_).--Also RAMB[=OO]'TAN, RAMBOST'AN. [Malay.] - -RAM['E], ra-m[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) attired. [O. Fr., 'branched.'] - -RAMEAL, r[=a]'m[=e]-al, _adj._; RAMIFY, &c. See under RAMUS. - -RAMED, ramd, _adj._ framed on the stocks, and adjusted by the RAM'-LINE, a -small rope or line used for setting the frames fair, helping to form the -sheer of the ship, &c. [Fr. _rame_, a branch--L. _ramus_.] - -RAMEKIN, ram'e-kin, _n._ toasted cheese and bread. [Fr. _ramequin_--Old -Flem. _rammeken_.] - -RAMENT, r[=a]-ment', _n._ (_bot._) a bristle-shaped leaflet in the angle of -a petiole:--_pl._ R[=A]MEN'TA, loose foliaceous scales on plants, esp. on -the petioles and leaves of ferns.--_adj._ R[=A]MENT[=A]'CEOUS (_bot._), -covered with ramenta. [L. _ramenta_, scrapings, pl. of -_ramentum_--_rad[)e]re_, to scrape.] - -RAMFEEZLE, ram-f[=e]'zl, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to weary out. - -RAMGUNSHOCK, ram-gun'shok, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough. - -RAMICORN, r[=a]'mi-korn, _n._ the horny sheath of the side of the lower -mandible in birds.--_adj._ possessing ramified antennae. [L. _ramus_, -branch, _cornu_, horn.] - -RAMIE, RAMEE, ram'[=e], _n._ China-grass, _Boehmeria nivea_, or its fibre, -long used in the East for ropes and cordage, and for cloth in China and -Japan.--Also _Rhea_ and _China-grass_. [Malay.] - -RAMIFY, RAMIFICATION, &c. See under RAMUS. - -RAMILIE, ram'il-[=e], _n._ a name applied to various 18th-cent. articles or -fashions of dress, in honour of Marlborough's victory over the French at -_Ramillies_ in Belgium in 1706--esp. to a form of cocked hat, and to a wig -with a long plaited tail. - -RAMISM, r[=a]'mizm, _n._ the system of logic of Peter _Ramus_ (1515-72). - -RAM-LINE, ram'-l[=i]n. See under RAMED. - -RAMMEL, ram'el, _n._ refuse wood.--_v.i._ to turn to rubbish. [Through Fr. -and Low L. forms from L. _ramus_, a branch.] - -RAMMER, ram'[.e]r, _n._ one who, or that which, rams or drives: an -instrument used by founders and pavers for ramming, also by gunners. - -RAMOLLESCENCE, ram-o-les'ens, _n._ softening, mollifying.--_n._ -RAMOLLISSE'MENT, a morbid softening of some organ or tissue of the body. - -RAMOON, ra-m[=oo]n', _n._ a West Indian mulberry. [Sp.,--L. _ramus_, a -branch.] - -RAMOSE, r[=a]'m[=o]s, _adj._ branching, much-branched: (_bot._) branched as -a stem or root.--_adv._ R[=A]'MOSELY.--_adj._ R[=A]'MOUS, branched, -branchy. - -RAMP, ramp, _v.i._ to climb or creep up, as a plant: to leap or bound: to -adapt a piece of iron to the woodwork of a gate.--_n._ a leap or bound: a -gradual slope or inclined plane between one level and another: a concave -bend at the top or cap of a railing, wall, or coping: a romp.--_adj._ -RAMP[=A]'CIOUS=_Rampageous_ (q.v.).--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'DGEON, a furious -fellow; RAM'P[=A]GE, or RAMP[=A]GE', a state of passion or -excitement.--_v.i._ to storm or prance violently.--_adj._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUS, -unruly: boisterous: glaring.--_ns._ RAMP[=A]'GEOUSNESS; RAMPALL'IAN -(_Shak._), a mean wretch; RAMP'ER, a ruffian who infests race-courses; -RAMPS'MAN (_slang_), a highway robber. [Fr. _ramper_, to creep, to clamber; -from the Teut.; cf. Low Ger. _rappen_, to snatch, Ger. _raffen_.] - -[Illustration] - -RAMPANT, ramp'ant, _adj._ overgrowing usual bounds: rank in growth: -overleaping restraint: (_her._) standing on the hind-legs.--_n._ RAMP'ANCY, -state of being rampant.--_adv._ RAMP'ANTLY.--RAMPANT ARCH, an arch whose -abutments are not on the same level. - -RAMPART, ram'part, _n._ that which defends from assault or danger: -(_fort._) a mound or wall surrounding a fortified place.--_v.t._ to fortify -with ramparts, to strengthen. [O. Fr. _rempart_ (orig. -_rempar_)--_remparer_, to defend--_re_, again, _em_, to (=_en_), in, -_parer_, to defend--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare.] - -RAMPICK, ram'pik, _n._ any dead tree--also RAM'PIKE.--_adj._ RAM'PICKED. -[Prob. _ran_, as in _roan_-tree, _rantle_-tree, and _pick_ or _pike_.] - -RAMPION, ram'pi-on, _n._ a perennial plant with esculent root. [Prob. -through It. and Low L. forms from L. _rapum_, _rapa_, a turnip.] - -RAMPIRE, ram'p[=i]r, _n._=_Rampart_.--_adj._ RAM'PIRED. - -RAMPLER, ramp'l[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a roving fellow. - -RAMROD, ram'rod, _n._ a rod used in ramming down the charge in a gun.--_n._ -RAM'ROD-BAY'ONET.--_adj._ RAM'RODDY, stiff like a ramrod. - -RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _adj._ tumble-down: ill-made: out of repair--also -RAM'SHACKLED.--_n._ (_Scot._) a careless fellow.--_adj._ RAM'SHACKLY. [Ice. -_ramskakkr_, quite wrong--_ramr_, strong, very, _skakkr_, wry, unequal.] - -RAMSHACKLE, ram'shak'l, _v.t._=_Ransack_. - -RAMSHORN, ramz'horn, _n._ a semicircular work of low profile in the ditch -of a fortified place: an ammonite: a fossil cephalopod. - -RAMSKIN, ram'skin, _n._ a cake made of dough mixed with grated cheese. -[Prob. _Ramekin_.] - -RAMSONS, ram'zonz, _n.pl._ broad-leaved garlic. [A.S. _hramsan_ (pl.), with -pl. _-s_ added.] - -RAMSTAM, ram'stam, _adj._ reckless: (_Scot._) forward.--_adv._ -headlong.--_n._ a headstrong, giddy person. [_Ram_, intens. pfx., _stam_, a -form of _stamp_.] - -RAMUS, r[=a]'mus, _n._ a small spray or twig.--_adjs._ R[=A]'MAL, -R[=A]'MEAL, pertaining to a branch; R[=A]'M[=E]OUS (_bot._), belonging to, -or growing on, a branch.--_n._ RAMIFIC[=A]'TION, division or separation -into branches: a branch: a division or subdivision: (_bot._) manner of -producing branches.--_adjs._ RAM'IFIED, branched; RAMIFL[=O]'ROUS, -flowering on the branches; R[=A]'MIFORM (_bot._), resembling a -branch.--_v.t._ RAM'IFY, to make or divide into branches.--_v.i._ to shoot -into branches: to be divided or spread out:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -ram'if[=i]ed.--_adj._ RAMIP'AROUS, producing branches.--_ns._ RAM'ULE, -RAM'ULUS, a small branch or artery.--_adjs._ RAM[=U]LIF'EROUS, -RAM'[=U]LOSE, RAM'[=U]LOUS, having small branches.--_n._ RAMUS'C[=U]LE, a -branchlet. [L. _ramus_, a branch.] - -RAN, _pa.t._ of _run_. - -RANA, r[=a]'na, _n._ the genus of the frogs.--_n._ RAN[=A]'RIUM, a place -where frogs are reared. [L., 'a frog.'] - -RANA, r[:a]'n[:a], _n._ prince or chief in Rajputana. [Hind.] - -RANCE, rans, _n._ a prop, as for the support of a congreve-rocket. [O. Fr. -_ranche_--L. _ramex_, _-icis_, a staff--_ramus_, a branch.] - -RANCH, ranch, _n._ a stock farm in the west part of the United -States.--_v.i._ to manage or work upon a ranch--also RANCHE, -RANCH'O.--_ns._ RANCH'ER, RANCHERO (ran-ch[=a]'r[=o]), RANCH'MAN, one -employed in ranching; RANCHERIA (ran-ch[=a]-r[=e]'a), a herdsman's hut: a -village of herdsmen: a settlement of Indians; RANCH'ING, the business of -cattle-breeding. [Sp. _rancho_, prop. 'mess' or 'mess-room;' in Mexico, a -herdsman's hut, a grazing-farm.] - -RANCH, ransh, _v.t._ (_Dryden_) to tear, wound. [_Wrench_.] - -RANCID, ran'sid, _adj._ partially decomposed (used of oil or any greasy -substance): sour: disgusting.--_adj._ RANCES'CENT, becoming rancid.--_adv._ -RAN'CIDLY.--_ns._ RAN'CIDNESS, RANCID'ITY, the quality of being rancid. [L. -_rancidus_, putrid.] - -RANCOUR, rang'kur, _n._ deep-seated enmity: spite: virulence: (_Shak._) -sourness.--_adjs._ (_obs._) RANCK=_Rank_; RAN'COROUS, malicious: -virulent.--_adv._ RAN'COROUSLY. [Fr.,--L. _rancor_, an old -grudge--_rancere_, to be rancid.] - -RAND, rand, _n._ a strip of flesh or of leather: one of the slips beneath -the heel of the shoe, called the _heel-rand_: a margin, border, edge, of a -stream: a territory, as the Rand in the Transvaal.--_ns._ -RAND'ING-MACHINE', a machine for fitting rands to heel-blanks; -RAND'ING-TOOL, a tool for cutting out rands for shoes. [A.S. _rand_, -_rond_, border.] - -RAND, rand, _v.i._ an old form of _rant_. - -RANDALL-GRASS, ran'dal-gras, _n._ the meadow fescue. - -RANDAN, ran'dan, _n._ a noise or uproar: a spree--in phrase, 'On the -randan:' the finest part of the bran of wheat: a boat impelled by three -oarsmen--also RANDAN GIG. [Prob. from _rand_, a variant of _rant_.] - -RANDLE-BAR, ran'dl-bar, _n._ the horizontal bar in an open chimney on which -cooking-vessels are hung.--Also RAN'DLE-BALK. - -RANDLE-TREE. See RANTLE-TREE. - -RANDOM, ran'dum, _adj._ done or uttered at haphazard: left to chance: -aimless--(_obs._) RAN'DON.--_n._ something done without aim, chance--now -only in phrase, AT RANDOM, haphazard.--_adv._ RAN'DOMLY, without direction: -by chance. [O. Fr. _randon_, urgency, haste; from Teut.; Ger. _rand_, a -brim.] - -RANDY, ran'di, _n._ a virago: (_Scot._) a romping girl: a violent beggar. -[_Rand_, _rant_.] - -RANEE. See RANI. - -RANG, rang, _pa.t._ of _ring_. - -RANGE, r[=a]nj, _v.t._ to rank or set in a row: to place in proper order: -to rove or pass over: to sail in a direction parallel to.--_v.i._ to be -placed in order: to lie in a particular direction: to have range or -direction: to rove at large: to beat about, as for game: to sail or pass -near: to be on a level: to extend.--_n._ a row or rank: a class or order: a -wandering: room for passing to and fro: space occupied by anything moving: -capacity of mind: extent of acquirements: the horizontal distance to which -a shot is carried: a space through which a body moves, as the range of a -thermometer: the long cooking-stove of a kitchen: a fire-grate.--_adj._ -RANG['E] (_her._), arranged in order, said of small bearings set in a row -fessewise.--_n._ RANGE'-FIND'ER, an instrument for determining the range of -an object by sight.--_n.pl._ RANGE'-LIGHTS, lights placed in line, usually -at or near a lighthouse, so as to direct the course of a ship through a -channel: lights on board ship so placed as to give a ready indication of -changes of course to other vessels.--_n._ RANG'ER, a rover: a dog that -beats the ground: an officer who superintends a forest or park.--_n.pl._ -RANG'ERS, a body of mounted troops: a name sometimes taken by clubs of -football players, &c.--_ns._ RANG'ERSHIP; RANGE'-STOVE, a portable -cooking-range.--_adj._ RAN'GY, disposed to roam: roomy. [Fr. _ranger_, to -range--_rang_, a rank.] - -RANGIA, ran'ji-a, _n._ a family of bivalves. [From _Rang_, a French -conchologist.] - -RANGIFER, ran'ji-fer, _n._ a genus of _Cervidae_, to which the reindeer -belongs.--_adjs._ RAN'GERINE, RANGIF'ERINE. [O. Fr. _rangier_, a reindeer, -most prob. the Ice. _hreinn_, reindeer, L. _fera_, a wild beast.] - -RANI, RANEE, ran'[=e], _n._ the wife of a rajah. [Hind. _r[=a]n[=i]_--Sans. -_r[=a]jni_, queen, fem. of _r[=a]jan_.] - -RANIDAE, ran'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the largest family of batrachians, including -about 250 species, of several genera.--_adjs._ RAN'IFORM, frog-like; -R[=A]'NINE, pertaining to frogs; R[=A]NIV'OROUS, frog-eating. [L. _rana_, a -frog.] - -RANK, rangk, _n._ a row or line, esp. of soldiers standing side by side: -class or order: grade or degree: station: high social position or -standing.--_v.t._ to place in a line: to range in a particular class: to -place methodically: to take rank over.--_v.i._ to be placed in a rank or -class: to have a certain degree of distinction: to be admitted as a claim -against the property of a bankrupt.--_n._ RANK'ER, one who arranges or -disposes in ranks: an officer who has risen from the ranks.--RANK AND FILE, -the whole body of common soldiers.--TAKE RANK OF, to have the right to take -a higher place than; TAKE RANK WITH, to take the same rank as; THE RANKS, -the order of common soldiers. [O. Fr. _renc_ (Fr. _rang_)--Old High Ger. -_hring_ or _hrinc_, Eng. _ring_.] - -RANK, rangk, _adj._ growing high and luxuriantly: coarse from excessive -growth: raised to a high degree: excessive: very fertile: strong-scented: -strong-tasted: rancid: utter, as rank nonsense: coarse: indecent: (_Shak._) -ruttish: (_slang_) eager: (_law_) excessive: (_mech._) cutting -deeply.--_adv._ (_Spens._) rankly, fiercely.--_v.i._ RANK'LE, to be -inflamed: to fester: to be a source of disquietude or excitement: to -rage.--_v.t._ to irritate.--_adv._ RANK'LY, offensively: to an inordinate -degree.--_n._ RANK'NESS, exuberant growth: (_Shak._) insolence.--_adjs._ -RANK'-R[=I]'DING, hard-riding; RANK'-SCENT'ED (_Shak._), strong-scented: -rancid. [A.S. _ranc_, fruitful, rank; Ice. _rakkr_, bold, Dan. _rank_, -lank, slender.] - -RANSACK, ran'sak, _v.t._ to search thoroughly: to plunder: to -pillage.--_n._ eager search.--_n._ RAN'SACKER. [Scand. _rannsaka_--_rann_, -a house, _sak_ (_saekja_), Eng. _seek_.] - -RANSOM, ran'sum, _n._ price paid for redemption from captivity or -punishment: release from captivity: atonement: expiation.--_v.t._ to redeem -from captivity, punishment, or ownership: (_Shak._) to set free for a -price: (_Shak._) to expiate.--_adj._ RAN'SOMABLE.--_n._ RAN'SOMER.--_adj._ -RAN'SOMLESS, without ransom: incapable of being ransomed. [Fr. _rancon_--L. -_redemptio_; cf. _Redemption_.] - -RANT, rant, _v.i._ to use extravagant language: to be noisy in words: to be -noisily merry.--_n._ empty declamation: bombast: (_Scot._) a frolic.--_ns._ -RANT'ER, a noisy talker: a jovial fellow: a boisterous preacher: a byname -for the Primitive Methodists: a nickname applied to the members of a sect -of the Commonwealth time; RANT'ERISM.--_adv._ RANT'INGLY, -boisterously.--_adj._ RANT'IPOLE, wild.--_n._ a reckless fellow. [Old Dut. -_ranten_, to rave; Low Ger. _randen_, Ger. _ranzen_.] - -RANTLE-TREE, ran'tl-tr[=e], _n._ (_Scot._) a beam built into the gable of a -cottage. - -RANULA, ran'[=u]-la, _n._ a tumour on the tongue of cattle.--_adj._ -RAN'[=U]LAR. [L.] - -RANUNCULUS, r[=a]-nung'k[=u]-lus, _n._ a genus of plants, including the -crowfoot, buttercup, &c.:--_pl._ R[=A]NUN'CUL[=I], -R[=A]NUN'CULUSES.--_adj._ R[=A]NUNCUL[=A]'CEOUS, pertaining to, or -resembling, plants of the order of which the ranunculus is the typical -genus. [L., a dim. of _rana_, a frog.] - -RANZ-DES-VACHES, rong'-d[=a]-v[:a]sh', _n._ a melody of the Swiss, played -on the alpenhorn. [Swiss Fr., either 'the lowing of the cows' or 'the line -of cows.' _Vaches_, pl. of _vache_--L. _vacca_, a cow; _ranz_, either Swiss -dial. _ranz_ (cf. Ger. _ranzen_), or for _rangs_, pl. of rang, a line.] - -RAP, rap, _n._ a sharp blow: a knock, or a sound made by knocking: a -counterfeit coin current in Ireland for a halfpenny in the time of George -I.--hence, 'Not worth a rap.'--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to strike with a quick -blow: to knock: to utter sharply, as to rap out a lie: to swear -falsely:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rapped.--_n._ RAP'PER, one -who raps: a door-knocker. [Scand., as Dan. _rap_; imit.] - -RAP, rap, _v.t._ to seize and carry off: to transport out of one's self: to -affect with rapture:--_pr.p._ rap'ping; _pa.p._ rapped or rapt. [Scand., as -Ice. _hrapa_, to rush headlong, cog. with Ger. _raffen_, to snatch.] - -RAPACIOUS, ra-p[=a]'shus, _adj._ seizing by violence: given to plunder: -ravenous: greedy of gain.--_n._ RAP[=A]'CES, the beasts and birds of -prey.--_adv._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSLY.--_ns._ RAP[=A]'CIOUSNESS, RAPAC'ITY, the -quality of being rapacious: ravenousness: extortion. [L. _rapax_, -_rapacis_--_rap[)e]re_, _raptum_, to seize and carry off.] - -RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the act of seizing and carrying away by force: carnal -knowledge of a woman without her consent.--_adj._ RAPE'FUL, given to -violence or lust. [M. E. _rapen_, to haste, a variant of _rappen_, to -seize, confused with L. _rap[)e]re_, to snatch.] - -RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a division of the county of Sussex, greater than the -hundred. [Ice. _hreppr_, district.] - -RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ a plant nearly allied to the turnip, cultivated for its -herbage and oil-producing seeds: cole-seed.--_ns._ RAPE'-CAKE, cake made of -the refuse, after the oil has been expressed from the rape-seed; RAPE'-OIL, -oil obtained from rape-seed; RAPE'-SEED, the seed of the rape, cole-seed. -[Through Fr. from L. _rapa_, _rapum_, a turnip; cog. with Gr. _rhapys_.] - -RAPE, r[=a]p, _n._ the stalk and skin of grapes. - -RAP-FULL, rap'-fool, _adj._ full of wind--of sails when close-hauled.--_n._ -a sail full of wind. - -RAPHAELESQUE, raf-[=a]-el-esk', _adj._ in the manner of the great Italian -painter _Raphael_, Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520).--_ns._ -RAPH'[=A]ELISM, the principles of art of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITE, one who -follows the principles of Raphael; RAPH'[=A]ELITISM. - -RAPHANIA, raf-[=a]'ni-a, _n._ ergotism, a disease occurring in two forms, a -spasmodic and a gangrenous, due to the use of rye, wheat, rice, &c., in -which a poisonous fungus has developed.--_n._ RAPH'ANUS, a genus of -_Cruciferae_, the radish family. - -RAPHE, r[=a]'f[=e], _n._ (_anat._) a seam-like union of two lateral halves, -either a median septum of connective tissue or a longitudinal ridge: the -fibro-vascular cord joining the hilum of an anatropous or amphitropous -ovule or seed with the chalaza: a line or rib connecting the nodules on a -diatom-valve. [Gr. _rhaph[=e]_, a seam.] - -RAPHIA, r[=a]'fi-a, _n._ a genus of handsome pinnately-leaved palms. -[Malagasy.] - -RAPHIDES, raf'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ crystals found in the interior of the cells -of plants:--_sing._ R[=A]'PHIS.--_adjs._ R[=A]PHID'IAN, RAPHIDIF'EROUS. -[Gr. _rhaphis_, _rhaphidos_, a needle--_rhaptein_, to sew.] - -RAPHIGRAPH, raf'i-graf, _n._ a kind of typewriter for the blind, pricking -characters in paper by needle-points. [Gr. _rhaphis_, a needle, _graphein_, -to write.] - -RAPID, rap'id, _adj._ hurrying along: very swift: speedy.--_n._ that part -of a river where the current is most rapid (gen. in _pl._).--_n._ -RAPID'ITY, quickness of motion or utterance: swiftness: velocity.--_adv._ -RAP'IDLY.--_n._ RAP'IDNESS. [Fr. _rapide_--L. _rapidus_--_rap[)e]re_, to -seize.] - -RAPIDAMENTE, ra-p[=e]-d[:a]-men'te, _adv._ (_mus._) rapidly.--_adv._ -RAP'IDO, with rapidity. [It.] - -RAPIER, r[=a]'pi-[.e]r, _n._ a light, highly tempered, edgeless, thrusting -weapon, finely pointed, and about 3 feet in length, long the favourite -weapon in duelling.--_n._ R[=A]'PIER-FISH, a swordfish. [Fr. _rapi[`e]re_, -prob. from Sp. _raspadera_--_raspar_, _rapar_, to rasp.] - -RAPINE, rap'in, _n._ act of seizing and carrying away forcibly: plunder: -violence. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_--_rap[)e]re_, to seize.] - -RAPING, r[=a]'ping, _adj._ (_her._) tearing its prey: (_obs._) -transporting, ravishing. - -RAPLOCH, rap'loh, _n._ and _adj._ (_Scot._) homespun. - -RAPPAREE, rap-ar-[=e]', _n._ a wild Irish plunderer: a vagabond. [Ir. -_rapaire_, a robber.] - -RAPPEE, ra-p[=e]', _n._ a coarse, strong-flavoured snuff. [Fr. -_r[^a]p['e]_, rasped, grated--_r[^a]per_, to rasp.] - -RAPPEL, ra-pel', _n._ the beat of the drum to call soldiers to arms. [Fr.] - -RAPPER, rap'[.e]r, _n._ one who raps, esp. a spiritualistic medium: a -swinging knocker for making signals at the mouth of a shaft: a loud oath or -bold lie.--_adj._ RAP'PING (_prov._), remarkably large. - -RAPPORT, ra-p[=o]r', _n._ accord, as in the French phrase, 'en rapport,' in -harmony. [Fr.] - -RAPPROCHEMENT, ra-pr[=o]sh'mong, _n._ reunion. [Fr.] - -RAPSCALLION, rap-skal'yun, _n._ a rascal: a wretch. [_Rascallion_.] - -RAPT, rapt, _adj._ raised to rapture: transported: ravished:--_pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ of _rap_ (2).--_v.t._ (_obs._) to grasp or carry off.--_n._ -RAP'TOR, a ravisher. [_Rap_, to seize, influenced by L. _rap[)e]re_, to -snatch.] - -RAPTORES, rap-t[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an order of birds of prey distinguished -by a hooked bill and sharp claws, and including the vultures, falcons, and -owls--also RAPTAT[=O]'RES.--_adjs._ RAPT[=O]'RIAL, seizing by violence, as -a bird of prey; RAPT[=O]'RIOUS. [L. _raptor_, a plunderer--_rap[)e]re_, to -seize.] - -RAPTURE, rap't[=u]r, _n._ a seizing and carrying away: extreme delight: -transport: ecstasy.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]RED.--_n._ RAP'T[=U]RIST (_Spens._), -one filled with rapture.--_adj._ RAP'T[=U]ROUS, seizing and carrying away: -ecstatic.--_adv._ RAP'T[=U]ROUSLY. - -RARA AVIS, r[=a]'ra [=a]'vis, _n._ a rare bird: a remarkable person:--_pl._ -R[=A]'RAE [=A]'VES. [L.] - -RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ (_comp._ R[=A]'RER; _superl._ R[=A]'REST) thin: not -dense, as rarefied atmosphere: sparse: seldom met with: uncommon: -excellent: especially good: extraordinary.--_ns._ R[=A]RE'BIT, an erroneous -form of _Welsh-rabbit_; RAREFAC'TION, act of rarefying: expansion of -aeriform bodies.--_adj._ RAR'EFIABLE, capable of being rarefied.--_v.t._ -RAREFY (rar'e-f[=i], or r[=a]'re-f[=i]), to make rare, thin, or less dense: -to expand a body.--_v.i._ to become less dense:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -rar'efied.--_adv._ R[=A]RE'LY, seldom: remarkably well.--_ns._ -R[=A]RE'NESS, tenuity: scarcity; RARITY (rar'i-ti), state of being rare: -thinness: subtilty: something valued for its scarcity: uncommonness. -[Fr.,--L. _r[=a]rus_.] - -RARE, r[=a]r, _adj._ underdone--of meat. [A.S. _hr[=e]r_.] - -RAREE-SHOW, rar'[=e]-sh[=o], _n._ a show carried about in a box: a -peep-show. [A corr. of _rarity-show_.] - -RARERIPE, r[=a]r'r[=i]p, _adj._ early ripe. [_Rathripe_.] - -RAS, ras, _n._ the chief vizier in Abyssinia: a headland, cape. [Ar., -'head.'] - -RASANT, r[=a]'zant, _adj._ (_fort._) sweeping or flanking, applied to fire. -[Fr.] - -RASCAL, ras'kal, _n._ a dishonest fellow: a knave, rogue, scamp.--_adj._ -worthless: mean.--_ns._ RAS'CALDOM, the class of rascals; RAS'CALISM, -RASCAL'ITY, mean trickery or dishonesty: fraud: villainy: the -rabble.--_adj._ RAS'CALLIEST (_Shak._, _superl._ of Rascally).--_n._ -RASCALL'ION, a rascal: one of the lowest people: a low, mean -wretch.--_adjs._ RAS'CALLY, RAS'CAL-LIKE, mean: vile: base. [Fr. -_racaille_, scum of the people, through Low L. forms from L. _rad[)e]re_, -_rasum_, to scrape.] - -RASE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to scratch or blot out: to efface: to cancel: to level -with the ground, demolish, or ruin (in this sense _raze_ is generally -used).--_n._ a slight wound.--_ns._ R[=A]'SING, in shipbuilding, the act of -marking figures upon timber; R[=A]'SING-[=I]'RON, a caulking-iron for -cleaning the pitch, &c., from a vessel's seams; R[=A]'SING-KNIFE, an edged -tool for making marks on timber, &c.; R[=A]'SION, a scraping: rasure; -R[=A]'SURE, act of scraping, shaving, or erasing: obliterating: an erasure. -[Fr. _raser_--L. _rad[)e]re_, _rasum_, to scrape.] - -RASH, rash, _adj._ (_comp._ RASH'ER; _superl._ RASH'EST) hasty: headstrong: -incautious.--_adj._ RASH'-EMBRACED' (_Shak._), rashly undertaken.--_ns._ -RASH'ER, a thin slice of broiled bacon, perh. because quickly roasted; -RASH'LING, a rash person.--_adv._ RASH'LY, precipitately.--_n._ RASH'NESS. -[Dan. and Sw. _rask_; Ger. _rasch_, rapid.] - -RASH, rash, _n._ a slight eruption on the skin. [O. Fr. _rasche_ (Fr. -_rache_)--L. _rad[)e]re_, to scratch.] - -RASH, rash, _v.t._ (_obs._) to tear, to lacerate. [Fr. _arracher_, to -uproot.] - -RASKOLNIK, ras-kol'nik, _n._ in Russia, a schismatic, a dissenter from the -orthodox or Greek Church. - -RASORIAL, ra-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ belonging to an order of birds which -scrape the ground for their food, as the hen.--_n.pl._ RAS[=O]'RES, the -_Gallinae_. [_Rase_.] - -RASP, rasp, _v.t._ to rub with a coarse file: to utter in a grating -manner.--_v.i._ to have a grating effect.--_n._ a coarse file.--_ns._ -RASP'ATORY, a surgeon's rasp; RASP'ER, that which rasps: (_coll._) a -difficult fence; RASP'-HOUSE, a place where wood is reduced to powder for -dyeing; RASP'ING, a filing.--_adj._ exasperating.--_adv._ -RASP'INGLY.--_ns._ RASP'ING-MACHINE', a bark-cutting machine; -RASP'ING-MILL; RASP'-PUNCH, a tool for cutting the teeth of rasps.--_adj._ -RASP'Y, rough. [O. Fr. _rasper_ (Fr. _r[^a]per_)--Old High Ger. -_rasp[=o]n_, whence Ger. _raspeln_, to rasp.] - -RASPBERRY, raz'ber-i, _n._ the fruit of several plants of genus _Rubus_, -the plant producing it--also RASP.--_n._ RASP'BERRY-BUSH, the shrub which -yields the raspberry.--RASPBERRY BORER, the larvae of one of the -clear-winged sphinxes; RASPBERRY VINEGAR, a drink of raspberry juice, -vinegar, and sugar. - -RASTRUM, ras'trum, _n._ a music-pen. [_Rase._] - -RAT, rat, _n._ an animal of the genus _Mus_, larger and more destructive -than the mouse: a renegade, turncoat: a workman who accepts lower than the -authorised wages, who declines to join in a strike, or who takes a -striker's work: a roll of anything used to puff out the hair which is -turned over it.--_v.i._ (_coll._) to desert one's party and join their -opponents for gain or power: to take lower than current wages, to refuse to -join in a strike, to take a striker's place:--_pr.p._ rat'ting; _pa.p._ and -_pa.t._ rat'ted.--_ns._ RAT'-CATCH'ER, one whose business it is to catch -rats; RAT'-CATCH'ING; RAT'-HOLE (_print._), a pigeon-hole; RAT'-PIT, an -enclosure where rats are killed; RAT'-POI'SON, a preparation of arsenic; -RAT'S'-BANE, poison for rats: arsenious acid; RAT'-TAIL, an excrescence -growing on a horse's leg.--_adj._ RAT'-TAILED, having a tail like a -rat.--_ns._ RAT'TER, a terrier which catches rats; RAT'TERY, apostasy; -RAT'TING, deserting one's principles: working for less than the usual -prices: setting a dog to kill rats in a pit; RAT'-TRAP, a trap for catching -rats.--RAT-TAILED LARVA, the larva of certain syrphid flies.--SMELL A RAT, -to have a suspicion. [A.S. _raet_; Ger. _ratte_.] - -RATA, r[:a]'ta, _n._ a New Zealand tree related to various species of -Ironwood, its wood once much used for making clubs, and valuable for -shipbuilding. - -RATABLE, RATEABLE, r[=a]'ta-bl, _adj._ See RATE. - -RATAFIA, rat-a-f[=e]'a, _n._ a flavouring essence made with the essential -oil of almonds: a fancy cake. [Fr.,--Malay _araqt['a]f['i]a_, from Ar. -_`araq_, Malay _t['a]f['i]a_, rum.] - -RATAN, ra-tan', _n._ Same as RATTAN. - -RATANY, rat'a-ni, _n._ a perennial procumbent shrub, yielding the medicinal -_ratany root_. [Peruv.] - -RATAPLAN, rat-a-plong', _n._ the sound or rattle of the military drum, a -tattoo. [Fr.; imit.] - -RAT-A-TAT, rat'-a-tat', _n._ sound of repeated knocks, as of a -drumstick.--Also RAT'-TAT. [Imit.] - -RATCH, rach, _n._ a rack or bar with teeth into which a click drops: the -wheel which makes a clock strike: a white mark on the face of a -horse.--_v.t._ to stretch: to streak.--_v.i._ to sail by tacks.--_ns._ -RATCH'ET, a bar acting on the teeth of a ratchet-wheel: a click or pall; -RATCH'ET-COUP'LING, a device for uncoupling machinery in the event of a -sudden stoppage; RATCH'ET-DRILL, a tool for drilling holes, the bit mounted -in a stock and rotated by a ratchet-wheel and lever; RATCH'ET-JACK, a form -of screw-jack; RATCH'ET-L[=E]'VER, a lever fitted round a ratchet-wheel; -RATCH'ET-PUNCH, a punch worked by means of a ratchet-lever; RATCH'ET-WHEEL, -a wheel having teeth against which a ratchet abuts, for changing a -reciprocating into a rotatory motion, &c.; RATCH'ET-WRENCH, a ratchet -bed-key wrench.--_adj._ RATCH'ETY, jerky.--_n._ RATCH'MENT (_archit._), a -flying buttress springing from corner principals. [_Rack._] - -RATCHEL, rach'el, _n._ (_prov._) broken-stone, hard-pan.--Also RATCH'IL. - -RATE, r[=a]t, _n._ a ratio or proportion: allowance: standard: value: -price: the class of a ship and of seamen: movement, as fast or slow: a -tax.--_v.t._ to calculate: to estimate: to settle the relative rank, scale, -or position of.--_v.i._ to make an estimate: to be placed in a certain -class: to ratify.--_ns._ R[=A]TABIL'ITY, R[=A]'TABLENESS, quality of being -ratable.--_adj._ R[=A]'TABLE, R[=A]'TEABLE, that may be rated or set at a -certain value: subject to taxation.--_adv._ R[=A]'TABLY.--_ns._ -R[=A]TE'-BOOK, a book of valuations; R[=A]TE'PAYER, one who pays a local -tax.--_adj._ R[=A]TE'PAYING, paying, or relating to, an assessed local -tax.--_ns._ R[=A]'TER, one who makes an estimate; R[=A]TE'-TITHE, a tithe -paid for sheep and cattle; R[=A]'TING, a fixing of rates: classification -according to rank or grade.--AT ANY RATE, by any means; BY NO RATE, by no -means. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _rata_, rate--L. _r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.] - -RATE, r[=a]t, _v.t._ to tax: to scold: to chide: to reprove. [M. E. -_raten_, acc. to Skeat, from O. Fr. _aretter_, to impute--L. _ad_, to, -_reput[=a]re_, to count. Others explain as Scand., Sw. _rata_, to reject.] - -RATEL, r[=a]'tel, _n._ a genus of quadrupeds of the bear family, nearly -allied to the gluttons, and very like the badgers. [Fr., dim. of _rat_.] - -RAT-GOOSE, rat'-g[=oo]s, _n._ the brent or brant goose. - -RATH, r[:a]th, _adj._ early, soon--also RATHE.--_adv._ RATH (_arch._), -early, soon.--_adj._ RATH'EREST (_Shak._), _superl._ of RATH.--_adv._ -RATH'LY, suddenly.--_adj._ RATH'RIPE, early ripe. [A.S. _hraeth_, quickly; -Ice. _hradhr_, swift, Mid. High Ger. _hrad_, quick.] - -RATH, rath, _n._ a prehistoric hill-fort. [Ir.] - -RATH, r[:a]t, _n._ a name given to some Indian rock-cut Buddhist temples. - -RATH, r[:a]t, _n._ a Burmese state-carriage. - -RATHER, r[:a]th'[.e]r, _adv._ more willingly: in preference: especially: -more so than otherwise: on the contrary: somewhat, in some degree: more -properly: (_coll._) considerably, very much.--_adj._ RATH'ERISH, to a -slight degree, somewhat.--RATHER BETTER THAN, somewhat in excess of.--THE -RATHER, by so much the more. [A.S. _hrathor_, comp. of _hrathe_, early.] - -RATIFY, rat'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to approve and sanction: to settle:--_pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ rat'ified.--_ns._ RATIFIC[=A]'TION, act of ratifying or -confirming: confirmation; RAT'IFIER, one who, or that which, ratifies or -sanctions. [Fr. _ratifier_--L. _ratus_, fixed by calculation--_r[=e]ri_, -_ratus_, to think, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -RATIO, r[=a]'shi-o, _n._ the relation or the proportion of one thing to -another: reason, cause: (_mus._) the relation between the vibration-numbers -of two tones. [L. _ratio_, reason--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.] - -RATIOCINATE, rash-i-os'i-n[=a]t, _v.i._ to reason:--_pr.p._ ratioc'inating; -_pa.p._ ratioc'inated.--_n._ RATIOCIN[=A]'TION, the process of reasoning: -deduction from premises.--_adjs._ RATIOC'IN[=A]TIVE, RATIOC'IN[=A]TORY. [L. -_ratiocin[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_ratio_, reason.] - -RATION, r[=a]'shon, _n._ the quantity of provisions distributed to a -soldier or sailor daily: an allowance.--_n._ R[=A]'TION-MON'EY, money paid -as commutation for rations. [Fr.,--L. _ratio_.] - -RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _adj._ pertaining to the reason: endowed with reason: -agreeable to reason: sane: intelligent: judicious: (_arith._, _alg._) -noting a quantity which can be exactly expressed by numbers.--_n._ -RATIONABIL'ITY, the possession of reason.--_adj._ RAT'IONABLE, -reasonable.--_ns._ RATION[=A]'LE, a rational account of anything, with -reasons for its existence: a theoretical explanation or solution; -RATIONALIS[=A]'TION, subjection to rational principles.--_v.t._ -RAT'IONALISE, to interpret like a rationalist: to think for one's -self.--_v.i._ to rely entirely or unduly on reason.--_ns._ RAT'IONALISM, -the religious system or doctrines of a rationalist; RAT'IONALIST, one who -believes himself guided in his opinions solely by reason, independently of -authority, esp. in regard to religion--denying supernatural -revelation.--_adjs._ RATIONALIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or in accordance -with, the principles of rationalism.--_adv._ RATIONALIST'ICALLY, in a -rationalistic manner.--_n._ RATIONAL'ITY, quality of being rational: the -possession or due exercise of reason: reasonableness.--_adv._ RAT'IONALLY, -reasonably.--_n._ RAT'IONALNESS.--_n.pl._ RAT'IONALS, dress for women -convenient for bicycling, &c.--breeches instead of skirts. - -RATIONAL, rash'on-al, _n._ the breast-plate of the Jewish high-priest: a -pectoral worn by a bishop. [L. _rationale_, a mistaken rendering in the -Vulgate of the Gr. _logion_, oracle.] - -RATITAE, r[=a]-t[=i]'t[=e], _n._ a division of birds, including the -ostriches, cassowaries, emus, and kiwis.--_n._ R[=A]'TITE, RAT'ITATE, -raft-breasted, as a bird. - -RATIUNCULE, r[=a]-shi-ung'k[=u]l, _n._ a ratio very near unity. [Dim. of L. -_ratio_.] - -[Illustration] - -RATLINE, RATLIN, rat'lin, _n._ one of the small lines or ropes traversing -the shrouds and forming the steps of the rigging of ships--also RAT'LING, -RATT'LING.--_n._ RAT'LINE-STUFF (_naut._), a tarred rope from which -ratlines are made. [Prob. _rat-lines_.] - -RATOON, ra-t[=oo]n', _n._ a new shoot from the root of a -sugar-cane.--_v.i._ to send up new shoots from the root after cropping. -[Hind. _ratun_.] - -RATTAN, rat-an', _n._ a genus of palms having a smooth, reed-like stem -several hundreds of feet in length: a walking-stick made of rattan: stems -of rattan palm used as a raft. [Malay _r['o]tan_.] - -RATTAN, ra-tan', _n._ the continuous beat of a drum. - -RATTEEN, rat-t[=e]n', _n._ a thick woollen stuff. [Fr.] - -RATTEN, rat'n, _v.t._ to break or take away a workman's tools, &c., for -disobeying the trades-union--the loss being ironically attributed to rats. - -RATTINET, rat-ti-net', _n._ a thin variety of ratteen. - -RATTING. See RAT. - -RATTLE, rat'l, _v.i._ to clatter: to move along rapidly, with a clattering -noise: to speak eagerly and noisily.--_v.t._ to cause to make a clatter: to -stun with noise: to speak rapidly: to scold loudly.--_n._ a sharp noise -rapidly repeated, as the death-rattle: a clatter: loud empty talk: loud -scolding: a toy or instrument for rattling: a brisk jabberer: an annual -meadow herb: a lousewort.--_adjs._ RATT'LE-BRAINED, -HEAD'ED, -PAT'ED, -noisy: giddy: unsteady.--_ns._ RATT'LE-MOUSE, a bat; RATT'LEPATE, a noisy -chatterer; RATT'LER, a loud, inconsiderate talker: (_coll._) a stunning -blow: (_coll._) an impudent lie; RATT'LESNAKE, a poisonous snake having a -number of hard, bony rings loosely jointed at the end of the tail, which -make a rattling noise; RATT'LESNAKE-GRASS, an American grass; -RATT'LESNAKE-MAS'TER, -ROOT, an American plant reputed to cure the bite of -a rattlesnake; RATT'LESNAKE-WEED, a hawk-weed of the United States; -RATT'LE-TRAP, a rickety vehicle; RATT'LEWORT, a plant of genus -_Crotalaria_; RATT'LING, a clattering: railing.--_adj._ making a rattle: -smart, lively: (_coll._) strikingly great. [A.S. _hraetele_, _hratele_, a -plant--from the rattling of the seeds in the capsules; Ger. _rasseln_, Dut. -_ratelen_, to rattle.] - -RATTLING, rat'ling, _n._ Same as RATLINE. - -RAUCITY, raws'i-ti, _n._ hoarseness: harshness of sound.--_adjs._ RAUC'ID, -RAUCOUS (raw'kus), hoarse.--_adv._ RAUC'OUSLY. [L. _raucus_, hoarse.] - -RAUCLE, rawk'l, _adj._ (_Scot._) rough: fearless. - -RAUGHT, rawt (_Spens._)--(_obs._) _pa.t._ of _reach_. - -RAVAGE, rav'[=a]j, _v.t._ to lay waste: to destroy: to pillage.--_n._ -devastation: ruin.--_n._ RAV'AGER. [Fr.,--_ravir_, to carry off by -force--L. _rap[)e]re_.] - -RAVE, r[=a]v, _v.i._ to be mad: to be wild or raging, like a madman: to -talk irrationally.--_v.t._ to utter wildly.--_ns._ R[=A]'VER, one who raves -or is furious; R[=A]'VING, furious talk.--_adj._ delirious: -distracted.--_adv._ R[=A]'VINGLY, in a raving manner: with frenzy: with -distraction. [O. Fr. _r[^a]ver_ (Fr. _r[^e]ver_), to be delirious--L. -_rabies_, madness.] - -RAVE, r[=a]v, _n._ one of the side pieces of a wagon. - -RAVE, r[=a]v, _old pa.t._ of _rive_. - -RAVE-HOOK, r[=a]v'-hook, _n._ a ripping-iron. - -RAVEL, rav'el, _v.t._ to confuse, entangle: to untwist or unweave: to -unravel (in this sense usually with _out_).--_v.i._ to be untwisted or -unwoven: to become entangled: to search (with _into_):--_pr.p._ rav'elling; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rav'elled.--_n._ a ravelled thread.--_adj._ RAV'ELLED, -denoting bread made from flour and bran.--_ns._ RAV'ELLING, a ravelled -thread; RAV'ELLING-EN'GINE, a machine for tearing rags.--_adv._ -RAV'ELLY.--_n._ RAV'ELMENT, discord. [Dut. _ravelen_.] - -RAVELIN, rav'lin, _n._ a detached work with two embankments raised before -the counterscarp. [Fr.,--It. _rivellino_.] - -RAVEN, r[=a]'vn, _n._ a kind of crow, noted for its croak and glossy black -plumage.--_adj._ black, like a raven.--_adj._ R[=A]'VEN-COL'OURED -(_Shak._).--_ns._ R[=A]'VEN'S-DUCK, fine hempen sail-cloth; R[=A]'VENSTONE, -a gallows. [A.S. _hraefn_; Ice. _hrafn_, Dut. _raaf_.] - -RAVEN, RAVIN (_B._), rav'n, _v.t._ to obtain by violence: to devour with -great eagerness or voracity.--_v.i._ to prey rapaciously.--_n._ prey: -plunder.--_ns._ RAV'ENER, a plunderer; RAV'ENING (_B._), eagerness for -plunder.--_adjs._ RAV'ENOUS, RAV'INED, voracious: devouring with rapacity: -eager for prey or gratification.--_adv._ RAV'ENOUSLY.--_n._ RAV'ENOUSNESS. -[O. Fr. _ravine_, plunder--L. _rapina_, plunder.] - -RAVINE, ra-v[=e]n', _n._ a long, deep hollow, worn away by a torrent: a -deep, narrow mountain-pass. [Fr.,--L. _rapina_, rapine, violence.] - -RAVISH, rav'ish, _v.t._ to seize or carry away by violence: to rob: to have -sexual intercourse with by force: to fill with ecstasy.--_n._ -RAV'ISHER.--_p.adj._ RAV'ISHING, delighting to rapture: transporting: -ecstatic.--_adv._ RAV'ISHINGLY, in a ravishing manner: with rapture.--_n._ -RAV'ISHMENT, act of ravishing: abduction: rape: ecstatic delight: rapture. -[Fr. _ravir_--L. _rap[)e]re_.] - -RAW, raw, _adj._ not altered from its natural state: not cooked or dressed: -unbaked: not prepared or manufactured: not mixed: having the skin abraded: -sore, as from abrasion of the skin: unfinished: immature: inexperienced: -chilly and damp.--_n._ a galled place: an inveterate sore: hence (_fig._) a -point on which one is particularly sensitive.--_adjs._ RAW'BONE (_Spens._), -RAW'BONED, with little flesh on the bones: gaunt; RAW'-COLD (_Shak._), damp -and cold.--_ns._ RAW'HEAD, a spectre mentioned to frighten children; -RAW'HIDE, an untanned skin: a whip made of twisted, untanned -leather.--_adj._ RAW'ISH, rather raw.--_adv._ RAW'LY.--_ns._ RAW'NESS; -RAW'-PORT, a porthole through which an oar can be worked in a small vessel. -[A.S. _hre['a]w_; Dut. _raauw_, Ice. _hr['a]r_, Ger. _roh_.] - -RAX, raks, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to reach out, hand. [_Rack._] - -RAY, r[=a], _n._ array.--_v.t._ to array--hence, ironically, (_Shak._) to -bedaub. [_Array._] - -RAY, r[=a], _n._ a line of light or heat: a beam or gleam of intellectual -light: a radiating part of any structure: (_bot._) the outer part of a -flower-cluster.--_v.t._ to radiate: to furnish with rays.--_v.i._ to shine -out.--_adjs._ RAYED, having rays; RAY'LESS, without rays: destitute of -light. [Fr. _raie_--L. _radius_, a rod.] - -RAY, r[=a], _n._ a popular name for such flat, cartilaginous fishes as the -skate, thornback, and torpedo.--_n._ RAY'-OIL, oil prepared from the livers -of ray-fish. [Fr. _raie_--L. _raia_.] - -RAY, r[=a], _n._ the scab--a disease of sheep. - -RAY, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._) the second note of the diatonic scale. - -RAYAH, r[:a]'ya, _n._ a non-Mohammedan subject of Turkey who pays the -capitation tax. [Ar. _raiya_--_ra`a_, to pasture.] - -RAYLE, r[=a]l, _v.i._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIL. - -RAYNE, r[=a]n, _v.i._ and _n._ (_Spens._). Same as RAIN. - -RAYON, r[=a]'on, _n._ (_Spens._) a ray. [Fr.] - -RAYONNANT, r[=a]'o-nant, _adj._ (_her._) sending forth rays. [Fr., _pr.p._ -of _rayonner_, to emit rays--_rayon_, a ray.] - -RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ (_Shak._). Same as RACE (3). - -RAZE, r[=a]z, _v.t._ to lay level with the ground: to overthrow: to -destroy. [_Rase._] - -RAZE, r[=a]z, _n._ a swinging fence in a water-course to prevent the -passage of cattle. - -RAZEE, ra-z[=e]', _n._ a ship-of-war cut down by reducing the number of -decks. [Fr. _ras['e]_, cut down.] - -RAZOR, r[=a]'zor, _n._ a keen-edged implement for shaving: a tusk, as the -_razors_ of a boar.--_adj_ R[=A]'ZORABLE (_Shak._), fit to be -shaved.--_ns._ R[=A]'ZOR-BACK, a kind of baleen whale, also called -_Rorqual_, _Fin-back_, or _Finner_: a hog whose back has the form of a -ridge; R[=A]'ZOR-BILL, a species of auk, common on the coasts of the -northern Atlantic; R[=A]'ZOR-BLADE, -CLAM, -FISH, -SHELL, a bivalve mollusc -with an elongated, narrow shell; R[=A]'ZOR-HONE, a hone for sharpening -razors; R[=A]'ZOR-PASTE, a paste for spreading on a razor-strop; -R[=A]'ZOR-STROP, a strop for razors. [Fr. _rasoir_--L. _rad[)e]re_, -_rasum_, to scrape.] - -RAZURE, r[=a]'zh[=oo]r, _n._ Same as ERASURE. - -RAZZIA, rat'si-a, _n._ a pillaging incursion--Algerian. - -RE, r[=a], _n._ (_mus._). Same as RAY. - -RE, r[=e], _n._ a word used in the legal phrase IN RE, in the case (of). -[L., abl. of _res_, thing, case.] - -REABSORB, r[=e]-ab-sorb', _v.t._ to absorb, suck in, or swallow up -again.--_n._ REABSORP'TION. - -REACCOMMODATE, r[=e]-a-kom'o-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to readjust. - -REACCUSE, r[=e]-a-k[=u]z', _v.t._ to accuse again. - -REACH, r[=e]ch, _v.t._ to stretch or extend: to attain or obtain by -stretching out the hand: to hand over: to extend to: to arrive at: to get -at: to gain.--_v.i._ to be extended: to mount up in quantity or number: to -stretch out the hand: to try to obtain: to arrive.--_n._ act or power of -reaching: extent of stretch: extent of force: penetration: artifice: -contrivance: a straight portion of a stream between bends: (_naut._) the -distance traversed between tacks.--_adj_ REACH'ABLE, within reach.--_ns._ -REACH'ER, one who reaches; REACH'ING-POST, in rope-making, a post fixed at -the lower end of a rope-walk.--_adjs_ REACH'LESS, unattainable; -REACH'-ME-DOWN, ready-made.--HEAD REACH, the distance to windward traversed -by a vessel while tacking. [A.S. _r['ae]can_; Ger. _reichen_, to reach.] - -REACQUITE, r[=e]-a-kw[=i]t', _v.t._ to pay back: to requite. - -REACT, r[=e]-akt', _v.t._ to act anew.--_v.i._ to return an impulse in the -opposite direction: to act mutually on each other.--_n._ REAC'TION, action -resisting other action: mutual action: backward tendency from revolution, -reform, or progress.--_adj_ REAC'TIONARY, for or implying reaction.--_n._ -one who attempts to reverse political action.--_n._ REAC'TIONIST.--_adj_ -REAC'TIVE.--_adv._ REAC'TIVELY.--_ns._ REAC'TIVENESS, REACTIV'ITY. - -READ, r[=e]d, _v.t._ to utter aloud written or printed words: to peruse: to -comprehend: to study, as to read law, science: to teach: to make out, from -signs: to solve, as to read a dream: to interpret: to understand, as -reading the stars: to note the indication of, as to read a barometer: -impute by inference, as to read a meaning into a book.--_v.i._ to perform -the act of reading: to practise much reading: to appear on reading: to -advise: to speak: to acquire information: to utter the words of a book: -(_mus._) to render music at first sight: to put a certain expression upon -it: to be suitable for perusal:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ read (red).--_n._ -READ, a reading, perusal: (_Spens._) counsel, a saying, an -interpretation.--_adj_ READ (red), versed in books: learned.--_ns._ -READABIL'ITY, READ'ABLENESS.--_adj_ READABLE (r[=e]d'a-bl), that may be -read: worth reading: interesting: enabling to read.--_adv._ -READ'ABLY.--_ns._ READ'ER, one who reads: one whose office it is to read -prayers in a church, or lectures in a university, &c.: one who reads or -corrects proofs: one who reads much: a reading-book; READ'ERSHIP, the -office of a reader.--_adj._ READ'ING, addicted to reading.--_n._ act of -reading: perusal: study of books: public or formal recital: the way in -which a passage reads: an interpretation of a passage or work: a version: -noting an instrument, as the reading of a barometer.--_ns._ READ'ING-BOOK, -a book of exercises in reading; READ'ING-BOY (_print._), a reader's -assistant; READ'ING-DESK, a desk for holding a book or paper while it is -read: a church-lectern; READ'ING-LAMP, a form of lamp for use in reading; -READ'ING-ROOM, a room with papers, periodicals, &c., resorted to for -reading.--READ BETWEEN THE LINES, to detect a meaning not expressed; READ -ONE'S SELF IN, in the Church of England, to read the Thirty-nine Articles -and repeat the declaration of assent prescribed by law to a new -incumbent.--PENNY READING, an entertainment consisting of readings, &c., to -which the admission is a penny. [A.S. _r['ae]dan_, to discern, -read--_r['ae]d_, counsel; Ger. _rathen_, to advise.] - -READDRESS, r[=e]-ad-dres', _v.t._ to address again. - -READEPTION, r[=e]-a-dep'shun, _n._ (_Bacon_) the act of regaining, -recovery.--_v.t._ READEPT'. [L. _re-_, again, _adipisci_, _adeptus_, to -obtain.] - -READJOURN, r[=e]-ad-jurn', _v.t._ to adjourn again.--_n._ READJOURN'MENT. - -READJUST, r[=e]-ad-just', _v.t._ to adjust or put in order again, or in a -new way.--_n._ READJUST'MENT. - -READMIT, r[=e]-ad-mit', _v.t._ to admit again.--_ns._ READMIS'SION, act of -readmitting: state of being readmitted; READMIT'TANCE, admittance or -allowance to enter again. - -READORN, r[=e]-a-dorn', _v.t._ to decorate again. - -READY, red'i, _adj._ prepared at the moment: in proper time: prepared in -mind: willing: not slow or awkward: dexterous: prompt: quick: present in -hand: at hand: near: easy: on the point of: opportune: off-hand, as a ready -retort.--_n._ a waiter's answer to a call: the position of a soldier's -weapon after the order 'Make ready!' (_slang_) ready-money.--_v.t._ to -dispose: to arrange.--_adv._ in a state of readiness or -preparation.--_adv._ READ'ILY.--_n._ READ'INESS.--_adj._ READ'Y-MADE, made -and ready for use: not made to order.--_ns._ READ'Y-MON'EY, cash payment; -READ'Y-POLE, a bar across the chimney to support the pot-hook; -READ'Y-RECK'ONER, a book of tables giving the value of any number of things -from the lowest monetary unit upwards: also the interest on any sum of -money from a day upwards.--_adj._ READ'Y-WIT'TED, having ready wit: clever: -sharp.--MAKE READY, to prepare. [A.S. _r['ae]de_--_r['i]dan_, to ride; -Scot. _red_, to put in order, Ger. _be-reit_, ready.] - -REAFFIRM, re-af-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to affirm again.--_n._ REAFFIRM[=A]'TION. - -REAFFOREST, r[=e]-af-for'est, _v.t._ to convert anew into a forest.--_n._ -REAFFOREST[=A]'TION. - -REAGENT, r[=e]-[=a]'jent, _n._ a substance that reacts on and detects the -presence of other bodies: a test: one who exerts reflex influence.--_n._ -RE[=A]'GENCY. - -REAGGRAVATION, r[=e]-ag-rav-[=a]'shun, _n._ the last monitory before the -excommunication. - -REAGREE, r[=e]-a-gr[=e]', _v.i._ to become reconciled. - -REAK, r[=e]k, _n._ (_obs._) a freak: a prank. - -REAL, r[=e]'al, _adj._ actually existing: not counterfeit or assumed: true: -genuine: sincere: authentic: (_law_) pertaining to things fixed, as lands -or houses.--_adj._ R[=E]'ALISABLE, that may be realised.--_n._ -REALIS[=A]'TION, act of realising or state of being realised: a realising -sense or feeling.--_v.t._ R[=E]'ALISE, to make real: to bring into being or -act: to accomplish: to convert into real property or money: to obtain, as a -possession: to feel strongly: to comprehend completely: to bring home to -one's own experience.--_n._ R[=E]'ALISER, one who realises.--_p.adj._ -R[=E]'ALISING, serving to make real or bring home to one as a reality: -conversion of property into money.--_ns._ R[=E]'ALISM, the medieval -doctrine that general terms stand for real existences--opp. to -_Nominalism_: the doctrine that in external perception the objects -immediately known are real existences: the tendency in art to accept and to -represent things as they really are--opp. to _Idealism_--a method of -representation without idealisation, raised by modern French writers into a -system, claiming a monopoly of truth in its artistic treatment of the facts -of nature and life; R[=E]'ALIST, one who holds the doctrine of realism: one -who believes in the existence of the external world.--_adj._ R[=E]ALIST'IC, -pertaining to the realists or to realism: life-like.--_adv._ -R[=E]ALIST'ICALLY.--_n._ R[=E]AL'ITY, that which is real and not imaginary: -truth: verity: (_law_) the fixed, permanent nature of real -property.--_adv._ R[=E]'ALLY, in reality: actually: in truth.--_ns._ -R[=E]'ALNESS, the condition of being real; R[=E]'ALTY, land, with houses, -trees, minerals, &c. thereon: the ownership of, or property in, lands--also -REAL ESTATE.--REAL PRESENCE (see PRESENCE); REAL SCHOOL, a modern German -preparatory, scientific, or technical school--the highest grade being the -REAL GYMNASIUM, or first-class modern school, as opp. to the _gymnasium_ -proper, or classical school. [Low L. _realis_--L. _res_, a thing.] - -REAL, r[=e]-al', _n._ a Spanish coin, 100 of which=L1 sterling. [Sp.,--L. -_regalis_, royal.] - -REALGAR, r[=e]-al'gar, _n._ a native sulphuret of arsenic, a mineral -consisting of about 70 parts of arsenic and 30 of sulphur, and of a -brilliant red colour. [Fr.,--Ar. _rahj-al-ghar_, 'powder of the mine.'] - -REALLEGE, r[=e]-al-lej', _v.t._ to allege again. - -REALLY, r[=e]-a-l[=i]', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to bring together again: to -reform.--_v.t._ to arrange again.--_n._ REALL[=I]'ANCE, a renewed alliance. - -REALM, relm, _n._ a regal or royal jurisdiction: kingdom: province: -country: dominion. [O. Fr. _realme_--Low L. _regalimen_--L. _regalis_, -royal.] - -REALTY, r[=e]'al-ti, _n._ fealty: royalty (see also REAL, 1). - -REAM, r[=e]m, _n._ a quantity of paper consisting of 20 quires of 24 -sheets. [O. Fr. _raime_ (Fr. _rame_)--Sp. _resma_--Ar. _rizma_ (pl. -_rizam_), a bundle.] - -REAM, r[=e]m, _v.i._ (_prov._) to cream: to froth.--_n._ -REAM'INESS.--_adj._ REAM'Y. - -REAM, r[=e]m, _v.t._ to stretch: to enlarge by a rotatory cutter.--_ns._ -REAM'ER; REAM'ING-BIT. - -REAME, r[=e]m, _n._ (_Spens._) a realm. - -REAN, r[=e]n, _n._ a gutter. [_Run._] - -REANIMATE, r[=e]-an'i-m[=a]t, _v.t._ to restore to life: to infuse new life -or spirit into: to revive.--_n._ REANIM[=A]'TION. - -REANNEX, r[=e]-an-neks', _v.t._ to annex again, to reunite.--_n._ -REANNEX[=A]'TION. - -REANOINT, r[=e]-an-oint', _v.t._ to anoint anew. - -REANSWER, r[=e]-an's[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Shak._) to answer back, to -react. - -REAP, r[=e]p, _v.t._ to cut down, as grain: to clear off a crop: to gather -by effort: to receive as a reward: to obtain a harvest.--_ns._ REAP'ER, -REAP'MAN; REAP'ING-HOOK, a hook-shaped instrument, with a handle, for -cutting grain: a sickle; REAP'ING-MACHINE', a machine for cutting grain, -drawn by horses, &c.; REAP'-SIL'VER, money paid by feudal tenants as a -commutation for their services in reaping the crops. [A.S. _r['i]pan_, to -pluck; Goth. _raupjan_, Ger. _raufen_.] - -REAPPAREL, r[=e]-ap-par'el, _v.t._ to clothe again. - -REAPPEAR, r[=e]-ap-p[=e]r', _v.i._ to appear again or a second time.--_n._ -REAPPEAR'ANCE, a second appearance. - -REAPPLY, r[=e]-ap-pl[=i]', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to apply again.--_n._ -REAPPLIC[=A]'TION. - -REAPPOINT, r[=e]-ap-point', _v.t._ to appoint again.--_n._ REAPPOINT'MENT. - -REAPPORTION, r[=e]-ap-p[=o]r'shun, _v.t._ to apportion again.--_n._ -REAPPOR'TIONMENT. - -REAPPROACH, r[=e]-ap-pr[=o]ch', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to approach again. - -REAR, r[=e]r, _n._ the back or hindmost part: the last part of an army or -fleet.--_ns._ REAR'-AD'MIRAL, an officer of the third rank, who commands -the rear division of a fleet; REAR'DORSE, an open fireplace, without a -chimney, against the rear wall of a room; REAR'-FRONT, the rear-rank of a -body of troops when faced about; REAR'-GUARD, troops which protect the rear -of an army; REAR'HORSE, an insect of the family _Mantidae_; REAR'ING-BIT, a -bit to prevent a horse from lifting his head when rearing; REAR'ING-BOX, in -fish-culture, a fish-breeder; REAR'-LINE, the last rank of a battalion, -&c., drawn up in open order; REAR'MOST, last of all; REAR'-RANK, the -hindermost rank of a body of troops; REAR'WARD, RERE'WARD, (_B._), the -rear-guard, the part which comes last. [O. Fr. _riere_--L. _retro_, -behind.] - -REAR, r[=e]r, _v.t._ to bring up to maturity: to educate: to erect: -(_Milt._) to lift upward, as steps: (_Spens._) to carry off by force: to -stir up.--_v.i._ to rise on the hind-legs, as a horse.--_n._ REAR'ER, one -who rears or raises: in coal-mines, a seam having an inclination of more -than 30deg. [A.S. _r['ae]ran_, to raise, the causal of _r['i]san_, to -rise.] - -REAR, r[=e]r, _adj._ early: underdone.--_adjs._ REAR'-BOILED; -REAR'-ROAST'ED. [_Rare._] - -REARGUE, r[=e]-ar'g[=u], _v.t._ to argue over again.--_n._ REAR'GUMENT. - -REARMOUSE. Same as REREMOUSE. - -REARRANGE, r[=e]-ar-r[=a]nj', _v.t._ to arrange anew.--_n._ REARRANGE'MENT. - -REASCEND, r[=e]-as-send', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to ascend, mount, or climb -again.--_ns._ REASCEN'SION, REASCENT'. - -REASON, r[=e]'zn, _n._ an idea which supports or justifies an act or -belief: a motive: proof: excuse: cause: an explanation: the faculty of the -mind by which man draws conclusions, and determines right and truth: the -exercise of reason: just view of things: right conduct: propriety: justice: -that which is conformable to reason: (_logic_) a premise placed after its -conclusion.--_v.i._ to exercise the faculty of reason: to deduce inferences -from premises: to argue: to debate: (_B._) to converse.--_v.t._ to examine -or discuss: to debate: to persuade by reasoning.--_adj._ REA'SONABLE, -endowed with reason: rational: acting according to reason: agreeable to -reason: just: not excessive: moderate.--_n._ REA'SONABLENESS.--_adv._ -REA'SONABLY.--_ns._ REA'SONER; REA'SONING, act of reasoning: that which is -offered in argument: course of argument.--_adj._ REA'SONLESS.--_n._ -REA'SON-PIECE, a wall plate.--BY REASON OF, on account of: in consequence -of; PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON, the proposition that nothing happens -without a sufficient reason why it should be as it is and not otherwise; -PURE REASON, reason absolutely independent of experience. [Fr. _raison_--L. -_ratio_, _rationis_--_r[=e]ri_, _ratus_, to think.] - -REASSEMBLE, r[=e]-as-sem'bl, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to assemble or collect -again.--_n._ REASSEM'BLAGE. - -REASSERT, r[=e]-as-sert', _v.t._ to assert again.--_n._ REASSER'TION. - -REASSESS, r[=e]-as-ses', _v.t._ to assess again.--_n._ REASSESS'MENT. - -REASSIGN, r[=e]-as-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to assign again: to transfer back what -has been assigned.--_n._ REASSIGN'MENT. - -REASSUME, r[=e]-as-s[=u]m', _v.t._ to assume or take again.--_n._ -REASSUMP'TION. - -REASSURE, r[=e]-a-sh[=oo]r', _v.t._ to assure anew: to give confidence to: -to confirm: to insure an insurer.--_ns._ REASSUR'ANCE, repeated assurance: -a second assurance against loss; REASSUR'ER.--_adj._ REASSUR'ING.--_adv._ -REASSUR'INGLY. - -REAST, r[=e]st, _v.t._ to dry or smoke (as meat). [_Roast._] - -REATA, RIATA, r[=e]-[:a]'ta, _n._ a rope of raw hide, used in America for -catching animals. [Sp.,--L. _re-_, back, _aptare_, to fit on.] - -REATTACH, r[=e]-at-tach', _v.t._ to attach again.--_n._ REATTACH'MENT. - -REATTAIN, r[=e]-at-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to attain again. - -REATTEMPT, r[=e]-at-temt', _v.t._ to attempt again. - -R['E]AUMUR'S SCALE. See THERMOMETER. - -REAVE, r[=e]v, _v.t._ to take away by violence:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -reft.--_n._ REAV'ER. [A.S. _re['a]fian_, to rob--_re['a]f_, clothing, -spoil; Ger. _rauben_, to rob.] - -REAWAKE, r[=e]-a-w[=a]k', _v.i._ to awake again. - -REBALLING, r[=e]-bawl'ing, _n._ the catching of eels with earthworms -fastened to a ball of lead. - -REBAPTISE, r[=e]-bap-t[=i]z', _v.t._ to baptise again.--_ns._ REBAP'TISER; -REBAP'TISM, REBAPTIS[=A]'TION; REBAP'TIST, one who baptises again: an -anabaptist. - -REBATE, r[=e]-b[=a]t', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to beat to obtuseness, to blunt: to -beat back: to allow as discount.--_n._ R[=E]B[=A]TE'MENT, deduction: -diminution: narrowing: (_her._) a shortening, as of one arm of a cross. -[Fr. _rebattre_, to beat back--L. _re-_, back, _battu[)e]re_, to beat.] - -REBATE, r[=e]-b[=a]t', _n._ same as RABATE--also a hard freestone used in -pavements: wood fastened to a handle in beating mortar. - -REBEC, REBECK, r[=e]'bek, _n._ a musical instrument of the violin kind, -with three strings played with a bow, introduced by the Moors into Spain. -[O. Fr. _rebec_ (Sp. _rabel_)--Ar. _rab[=a]ba_.] - -REBECCAITE, r[=e]-bek'a-[=i]t, _n._ one of a set of rioters in South Wales, -in 1843-44, who scoured the country by night, the leaders disguised in -women's clothes, and threw down the toll-bars on the public roads; they -were called 'Rebecca and her daughters,' from Gen. xxiv. 60.--_n._ -REBECC'AISM. - -REBEL, reb'el, _n._ one who rebels.--_adj._ rebellious.--_v.i._ (re-bel') -to renounce the authority of the laws and government to which one owes -allegiance, or to take up arms and openly oppose them: to oppose any lawful -authority:--_pr.p._ rebel'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rebelled'.--_n._ -REBEL'LER, one who rebels: a rebel.--_adj._ REB'EL-LIKE (_Shak._), like a -rebel.--_n._ REBELL'ION, act of rebelling: open opposition to lawful -authority: revolt: the Great Rebellion in England from 1642 to 1660: the -American civil war of 1861-65.--_adj._ REBELL'IOUS, engaged in rebellion: -characteristic of a rebel or rebellion: (of things) refractory.--_adv._ -REBELL'IOUSLY, in a rebellious manner: in opposition to lawful -authority.--_n._ REBELL'IOUSNESS.--_adj._ REB'ELLY, rebellious. [Fr. -_rebelle_--L. _rebellis_, insurgent--_re-_, again, _bellum_, war.] - -REBELLOW, r[=e]-bel'[=o], _v.i._ (_Spens._) to bellow in return: to echo -back a loud noise. - -REBIND, r[=e]-b[=i]nd', _v.t._ to bind anew. - -REBIRTH, r[=e]-b[.e]rth', _n._ a new entrance into a living form, according -to the doctrine of metempsychosis. - -REBITE, r[=e]-b[=i]t', _v.t._ to freshen worn lines in a plate. - -REBOANT, reb'[=o]-ant, _adj._ rebellowing: loudly resounding.--_n._ -REBO[=A]'TION. [L. _reboans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _rebo[=a]re_--_re-_, -again, _bo[=a]re_, to cry aloud.] - -REBOIL, r[=e]-boil', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to cause to boil again. - -REBORN, r[=e]-bawrn', _adj._ endowed with fresh life. - -REBOUND, r[=e]-bownd', _v.i._ to bound or start back: to bound repeatedly: -to recoil: to reverberate: to re-echo.--_v.t._ to repeat as an echo.--_n._ -act of rebounding: recoil. - -REBRACE, r[=e]-br[=a]s', _v.t._ to renew the strength of. - -REBUFF, r[=e]-buf', _n._ a. beating back: sudden check: defeat: unexpected -refusal.--_v.t._ to beat back: to check: to repel violently: to refuse. [O. -Fr. _rebuffe_--It. _rebuffo_, a reproof--It. _ri_ (--L. _re-_), back, -_buffare_, to puff.] - -REBUILD, r[=e]-bild', _v.t._ to build again: to renew.--_n._ REBUILD'ER. - -REBUKE, r[=e]-b[=u]k', _v.t._ to check with reproof: to chide or reprove: -(_B._) to chasten.--_n._ direct reproof: reprimand: reprobation: (_B._) -chastisement: a severe check.--_adjs._ REB[=U]K'ABLE; REBUKE'FUL.--_adv._ -REBUKE'FULLY.--_n._ REB[=U]K'ER.--_adv._ REB[=U]K'INGLY. [O. Fr. -_rebouquer_ (Fr. _reboucher_), from _re-_, back, _bouque_ (Fr. _bouche_), -the mouth--L. _bucca_, the cheek.] - -REBULLITION, r[=e]-bul-ish'un, _n._ a renewed effervescence. [L. -_rebull[=i]re_, to bubble up.] - -REBURSE, r[=e]-b[.e]rs', _v.t._ to pay over again. [L. _re-_, again, -_bursa_, purse.] - -REBUS, r[=e]'bus, _n._ an enigmatical representation of a name or thing by -using pictorial devices for letters, syllables, or parts of words: a -riddle: (_her._) a coat of arms bearing an allusion to the name of the -bearer:--_pl._ R[=E]'BUSES. [L., _res_, a thing--prob. from the device -speaking to the beholder _non verbis sed rebus_.] - -REBUT, r[=e]-but', _v.t._ to butt or drive back: to repel: to reject: -(_law_) to oppose by argument or proof.--_v.i._ (_law_) to return an -answer:--_pr.p._ rebut'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rebut'ted.--_adj._ -R[=E]BUT'TABLE.--_ns._ R[=E]BUT'TAL; R[=E]BUT'TER, that which rebuts: a -plaintiff's answer to a defendant's rejoinder. [O. Fr. _rebuter_, to -repulse--L. _re-_, back, Mid. High Ger. _b[=o]zen_, to beat.] - -RECALCITRANT, r[=e]-kal'si-trant, _adj._ showing repugnance or opposition: -refractory.--_v.i._ or (rarely) _v.t._ RECAL'CITRATE, to show -repugnance.--_n._ RECALCITR[=A]'TION. [L. _recalcitrans_, -antis--_re-_, -back, calcitr[=a]re, _-[=a]tum_, to kick--_calx_, _calcis_, the heel.] - -RECALESCE, r[=e]-kal-es', _v.t._ to show anew a state of glowing -heat.--_n._ RECALES'CENCE (_phys._), a peculiar behaviour of iron when -cooling from a white-heat. At 1000deg, e.g., it glows more brilliantly for -a short time. [L. _re-_, again, _calesc[)e]re_, to grow hot.] - -RECALL, r[=e]-kawl', _v.t._ to call back: to command to return: to revoke: -to call back to mind.--_n._ act of recalling or revoking: a signal to -soldiers to return.--_adj._ RECALL'ABLE, capable of being recalled.--_n._ -RECAL'MENT, revocation. - -RECANT, r[=e]-kant', _v.t._ to withdraw (a former declaration): to -retract.--_v.i._ to revoke a former declaration: to unsay what has been -said, esp. to declare one's renunciation of a religious belief which one -formerly maintained.--_ns._ R[=E]CANT[=A]'TION, act of recanting: a -declaration contradicting a former one; R[=E]CANT'ER. - -RECAPITULATE, r[=e]-ka-pit'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to go over again the chief -points of anything.--_n._ RECAPIT[=U]L[=A]'TION, act of recapitulating: a -summary of the main points of a preceding speech, treatise, &c.--_adjs._ -RECAPIT'[=U]L[=A]TIVE; RECAPIT'[=U]L[=A]TORY, repeating again: containing a -recapitulation. [L. _recapitul[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, -_capitulum_--caput, head.] - -RECAPTION, r[=e]-kap'shun, _n._ reprisal: (_law_) taking back goods, wife, -or children from one who has no right to detain them. - -RECAPTURE, r[=e]-kap't[=u]r, _v.t._ to capture back or retake, esp. a prize -from a captor.--_n._ act of retaking: a prize recaptured.--_n._ RECAP'TOR. - -RECARBURISE, r[=e]-k[:a]r'b[=u]-r[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore the carbon to -metal from which it has been removed.--_n._ RECARBONIS[=A]'TION. - -RECARNIFY, r[=e]-k[:a]r'ni-f[=i], _v.t._ to convert again into flesh. [L. -_re-_, again, _carnify_, to change into flesh.] - -RECARRY, r[=e]-kar'i, _v.t._ to carry back or anew.--_n._ RECARR'IAGE. - -RECAST, r[=e]-kast', _v.t._ to cast or throw again: to cast or mould anew: -to compute a second time.--_n._ a moulding or shaping anew, as of a book. - -RECEDE, r[=e]-s[=e]d', _v.i._ to go or fall back: to retreat: to bend or -tend in a backward direction: to withdraw: to give up a claim.--_v.t._ to -cede back, as to a former possessor.--_adj._ RECED'ING, sloping backward. -[L. _reced[)e]re_, recessum--_re-_, back, _ced[)e]re_, to go.] - -RECEIPT, r[=e]-s[=e]t', _n._ act of receiving: place of receiving: power of -holding: a written acknowledgment of anything received, a legal -acknowledgment of money received in discharge of a debt or demand: that -which is received: a recipe in cookery.--_v.t._ to give a receipt for: to -sign: to discharge.--_adj._ RECEIPT'ABLE, that may be receipted.--_ns._ -RECEIPT'-BOOK, a book containing receipts; RECEIPT'OR, one who gives a -receipt. [O. Fr. _recete_ (Fr. _recette_)--L. _recipere_, _receptum_.] - -RECEIVE, r[=e]-s[=e]v', _v.t._ to take what is offered: to accept: to -embrace with the mind: to assent to: to allow: to give acceptance to: to -give admittance to: to welcome or entertain: to hold or contain: (_law_) to -take goods knowing them to be stolen: (_B._) to bear with, to believe -in.--_v.i._ to be a recipient: to hold a reception of visitors.--_n._ -RECEIVABIL'ITY, RECEIV'ABLENESS, the quality of being receivable.--_adj._ -RECEIV'ABLE, that may be received: a waiting payment, as bills -receivable.--_ns._ RECEIV'EDNESS, the state or quality of being received or -current; RECEIV'ER, one who receives: an officer who receives taxes: a -person appointed by a court to hold and manage property which is under -litigation, or receive the rents of land, &c.: one who receives stolen -goods: (_chem._) a vessel for receiving and holding the products of -distillation, or for containing gases: the glass vessel of an air-pump in -which the vacuum is formed: the receiving part of a telegraph, telephone, -&c.; RECEIV'ER-GEN'ERAL, an officer who receives the public revenue; -RECEIV'ERSHIP, the office of a receiver; RECEIV'ING, the act of receiving; -RECEIV'ING-HOUSE, a dep[^o]t: a house where letters and parcels are left -for transmission; RECEIV'ING-IN'STRUMENT, an appliance by which operators -at two telegraph stations can communicate; RECEIV'ING-OFF'ICE, a branch -post-office for receipt of letters, &c.; RECEIV'ING-SHIP, a stationary ship -for recruits for the navy. [O. Fr. _recever_ (Fr. _recevoir_)--L. -_recip[)e]re_, _receptum_--_re-_, back, cap[)e]re, to take.] - -RECELEBRATE, r[=e]-sel'[=e]-br[=a]t, _v.t._ to celebrate again. - -RECENCY, r[=e]'sen-si, _n._ newness. [_Recent_.] - -RECENSION, r[=e]-sen'shun, _n._ a critical revisal of a text: a text -established by critical revision: a review.--_n._ RECEN'SIONIST. [L. -_recensio_--_recens[=e]re_--_re-_, again, _cens[=e]re_, to value.] - -RECENT, r[=e]'sent, _adj._ of late origin or occurrence: fresh: modern: -(_geol._) belonging to the present geological period.--_adv._ -R[=E]'CENTLY.--_n._ R[=E]'CENTNESS. [Fr.,--L. _recens_, _recentis_.] - -RECEPTACLE, r[=e]-sep'ta-kl, _n._ that into which anything is received or -in which it is contained: (_bot._) the basis of a flower: (_zool._) an -organ that receives and holds a secretion.--_n._ R[=E]'CEPT, an idea taken -into the mind from without.--_adj._ RECEPTAC'ULAR (_bot._), pertaining to -or serving as a receptacle.--_n._ RECEPTIBIL'ITY, receivability.--_adj._ -RECEPT'IBLE, receivable.--_ns._ RECEP'TION, the act of receiving: -admission: state of being received: acceptance: a receiving officially: -(_Milt._) capacity for receiving: a receiving of guests for entertainment: -welcome: treatment at first coming; RECEP'TION-ROOM.--_adj._ RECEPT'IVE, -having the quality of receiving or containing: (_phil._) capable of -receiving, or quick to receive, impressions.--_ns._ RECEPT'IVENESS; -RECEPTIV'ITY, quality of being receptive. [L. _recip[)e]re_, _receptum_, to -receive.] - -RECESS, r[=e]-ses', _n._ a going back or withdrawing: retirement: -seclusion: a period of remission of business: part of a room formed by a -receding of the wall: a retired spot: a nook: a sinus or depressed -par.--_v.t._ to make a recess in: to put into a recess.--_adj._ RECESSED', -having a recess.--RECESSED ARCH, one arch within another. [_Recede_.] - -RECESSION, r[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ act of receding: withdrawal: the state of -being set back.--_adjs._ RECES'SIONAL; RECESS'IVE.--_adv._ -RECESS'IVELY.--_n._ RECESS'US, a recess. - -RECESSION, r[=e]-sesh'un, _n._ a ceding or giving back. - -RECHABITE, rek'a-b[=i]t, _n._ one of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of -_Rechab_, who abstained from drinking wine, in obedience to the injunction -of their ancestor (Jer. xxxv. 6): a total abstainer from intoxicating -drinks: a member of the Rechabite order of total abstainers.--_n._ -RECH'ABITISM. - -R['E]CHAUFF['E], r[=a]-sh[=o]-f[=a]', _n._ a warmed-up dish: a fresh -concoction of old literary material. [Fr.] - -RECHEAT, r[=e]-ch[=e]t', _n._ (_Shak._) a recall on the horn when the -hounds have lost the scent, or at the end of the chase. [O. Fr. _recet_.] - -RECHERCH['E], r[=e]-sher'sh[=a], _adj._ extremely nice: peculiar and -refined: rare. [Fr.] - -RECHLESSE, rek'les, _adj._ Same as RECKLESS. - -RECHRISTEN, r[=e]-kris'n, _v.t._ to name again. - -RECIDIVATE, r[=e]-sid'i-v[=a]t, _v.i._ to fall again: to backslide.--_ns._ -RECIDIV[=A]'TION; RECID'IVIST (_Fr. law_), a relapsed criminal.--_adj._ -RECID'IVOUS, liable to backslide. [Fr.,--L. _recid[=i]vus_, falling back.] - -RECIPE, res'i-p[=e], _n._ a medical prescription: any formula for the -preparation of a compound: a receipt:--_pl._ RECIPES (res'i-p[=e]z). [L., -lit. 'take,' the first word of a medical prescription, imper. of -_recip[)e]re_.] - -RECIPIENT, r[=e]-sip'i-ent, _adj._ receiving.--_n._ one who receives, that -which receives.--_ns._ RECIP'IENCE, RECIP'IENCY, a receiving: -receptiveness. [L. _recipiens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _recip[)e]re_, to -receive.] - -RECIPROCAL, r[=e]-sip'r[=o]-kal, _adj._ acting in return: mutual: -alternating: interchangeable: giving and receiving.--_n._ that which is -reciprocal: (_math._) the quotient resulting from the division of unity by -any given quantity.--_n._ RECIPROCAL'ITY, the state or quality of being -reciprocal: mutual return.--_adv._ RECIP'ROCALLY, mutually: -interchangeably: inversely.--_ns._ RECIP'ROCALNESS; RECIP'ROCANT (_math._), -a contravariant expressing a certain condition of tangency: a differential -invariant.--_adj._ RECIP'ROCANTIVE, relating to a reciprocant.--_v.t._ -RECIP'ROC[=A]TE, to give and receive mutually: to requite: to interchange: -to alternate.--_v.i._ to move backward and forward: (_coll._) to make a -return or response.--_ns._ RECIP'ROCATING-EN'GINE, an engine in which the -piston moves forward and backward in a straight line; RECIPROC[=A]'TION, -interchange of acts: alternation.--_adj._ RECIP'ROC[=A]TIVE, acting -reciprocally.--_n._ RECIPROC'ITY, mutual obligations: action and reaction: -equality of commercial privileges.--_adjs._ REC'IPROCK, REC'IPROQUE -(_Bacon_), reciprocal; RECIP'ROCOUS (_rare_), turning back: -reciprocal.--RECIPROCAL PROPORTION is when, of four terms taken in order, -the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has to the -third; RECIPROCAL RATIO, the ratio of the reciprocals of two quantities; -RECIPROCAL TERMS, those that have the same signification and consequently -are convertible; RECIPROCATING MOTION, by this the power is transmitted -from one part of a machine to another. [L. _reciprocus._] - -RECIPROCORNOUS, r[=e]-sip'r[=o]-kor-nus, _adj._ having horns like a ram. - -RECISION, r[=e]-sizh'un, _n._ the act of cutting off. -[Fr.,--L.,--_recid[)e]re_, _recisum_, to cut off.] - -RECITE, r[=e]-s[=i]t', _v.t._ to read aloud from paper, or repeat from -memory: to narrate: to give the particulars of.--_v.i._ to rehearse in -public.--_ns._ REC[=I]'TAL, act of reciting: rehearsal: that which is -recited: a narration: a vocal or instrumental performance, as a piano -recital: (_law_) that part of a deed which recites the circumstances; -RECITATION (res-i-t[=a]'shun), act of reciting: a public reading: -rehearsal; RECIT[=A]'TIONIST, a public reciter; RECITATIVE (-t[=e]v'), -(_mus._) a style of song resembling declamation, a kind of union of song -and speech.--_adj._ in the style of recitative.--_adv._ RECITATIVE'LY, in -the manner of recitative.--_ns._ RECITATI'VO (_mus._), recitative; -RECIT'ER; RECIT'ING-NOTE, a note in chanting on which several syllables are -sung. [Fr. _r['e]citer_--L. _recit[=a]re_--L. _re-_, again, _cit[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to call.] - -RECK, rek, _v.t._ to care for: to regard.--_v.i._ (usually with _not_, and -fol. by _of_) care: heed.--_adj._ RECK'LESS, careless: heedless of -consequences: rash.--_adv._ RECK'LESSLY.--_ns._ RECK'LESSNESS; RECK'LING, a -reckless person: the weakest in a litter: a helpless babe.--_adj._ -stunted.--IT RECKS (_Milt._), it concerns. [A.S. _r['e]can_, from a root -seen in Old High Ger. _ruoh_, care, Ger. _ruchlos_, regardless.] - -RECKON, rek'n, _v.t._ to count: to place in the number or rank of: to -esteem: to think, believe.--_v.i._ to calculate: to charge to account: to -make up accounts: to settle accounts (fol. by _with_): to count or rely -(with _on_ or _upon_): to have an impression: to think: to suppose.--_ns._ -RECK'ONER; RECK'ONING, an account of time: settlement of accounts, &c.: -charges for entertainment: standing as to rank: (_naut._) a calculation of -the ship's position: (_B._) estimation: value.--RECKON FOR, to be -answerable for; RECKON ON, or UPON, to count or depend upon; RECKON WITHOUT -HIS HOST (see HOST).--DAY OF RECKONING, the day when an account must be -given and a settlement made: the judgment-day. [A.S. _ge-recenian_, to -explain; Ger. _rechnen_.] - -RECLAIM, r[=e]-kl[=a]m', _v.t._ to demand the return of: to regain: to -bring back from a wild or barbarous state, or from error or vice: to bring -into a state of cultivation: to bring into the desired condition: to make -tame or gentle: to reform.--_v.i._ to cry out or exclaim: (_Scots law_) to -appeal from the Lord Ordinary to the inner house of the Court of -Session.--_adj._ RECLAIM'ABLE, that may be reclaimed or reformed.--_adv._ -RECLAIM'ABLY.--_ns._ RECLAIM'ANT, one who reclaims; RECLAM[=A]'TION, act of -reclaiming: state of being reclaimed, as of waste land: demand: recovery. -[Fr.,--L. _re-_, again, _clam[=a]re_, to cry out.] - -RECLASP, r[=e]-klasp', _v.t._ to clasp again. - -RECLINATE, rek'li-n[=a]t, _adj._ reclined: (_bot._) bent downward, so as to -have the point lower than the base, as a leaf.--_n._ RECLIN[=A]'TION, the -act of reclining or leaning: the angle which the plane of a dial makes with -a vertical plane, the intersection being a horizontal line: an operation in -surgery for the cure of cataract. [L. _reclin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -recline.] - -RECLINE, r[=e]-kl[=i]n', _v.t._ to lean or bend backwards: to lean to or on -one side.--_v.i._ to lean: to rest or repose.--_adjs._ RECLINE' (_Milt._), -leaning; RECLINED' (_bot._), same as RECLINATE.--_n._ RECL[=I]'NER.--_adj._ -RECL[=I]'NING (_bot._), bending away from the perpendicular: -recumbent.--_ns._ RECL[=I]'NING-BOARD, a board on which persons recline to -gain erectness to the figure; RECL[=I]'NING-CHAIR, an invalid's chair. -[Fr.,--L. _reclin[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _clin[=a]re_, to bend.] - -RECLOSE, r[=e]-kl[=o]z', _v.t._ to close again. - -RECLOTHE, r[=e]-kl[=o]th, _v.t._ to clothe again. - -RECLUSE, r[=e]-kl[=oo]s', _adj._ secluded: retired: solitary.--_n._ one -shut up or secluded: one who lives retired from the world: a religious -devotee living in a single cell, generally attached to a monastery.--_adv._ -RECLUSE'LY, in retirement or seclusion from society.--_ns._ RECLUSE'NESS, -seclusion from society: retirement; RECLU'SION, religious retirement or -seclusion: the life of a recluse.--_adj._ RECLU'SIVE (_Shak._), affording -retirement or seclusion.--_n._ RECLU'SORY, a recluse's cell. [Fr.,--L. -_reclusus_, pa.p. of _reclud[)e]re_, to open, shut away--_re-_, away, -_claud[)e]re_, to shut.] - -RECOCT, r[=e]-kokt', _v.t._ to cook anew, to vamp up.--_n._ RECOC'TION. - -RECOGNISE, rek'og-n[=i]z, _v.t._ to know again: to recollect: to -acknowledge: to see the truth of.--_adj._ REC'OGNISABLE, that may be -recognised or acknowledged.--_adv._ REC'OGNISABLY, in a recognisable -manner.--_ns._ RECOG'NISANCE, a recognition: an avowal: a profession: a -legal obligation entered into before a magistrate to do, or not do, some -particular act: to enter into recognisances; REC'OGNISER, one who -recognises; RECOGNI'TION, act of recognising: state of being recognised: -recollection: avowal: (_Scots law_) a return of the feu to the -superior.--_adjs._ RECOG'NITIVE, RECOG'NITORY. [L. -_recognosc[)e]re_--_re-_, again, _cognosc[)e]re_, to know.] - -RECOIL, r[=e]-koil', _v.t._ to start back: to rebound: to return: to shrink -from.--_n._ a starting or springing back: rebound: an escapement in which -after each beat the escape-wheel recoils slightly.--_n._ RECOIL'ER, one who -recoils.--_adj._ RECOIL'ING.--_adv._ RECOIL'INGLY.--_n._ RECOIL'MENT. [Fr. -_reculer_--L. _re-_, back, Fr. _cul_, the hinder part--L. _culus_.] - -RECOIN, r[=e]-koin', _v.t._ to coin over again.--_ns._ RECOIN'AGE; -RECOIN'ER. - -RECOLLECT, r[=e]-kol-ekt', _v.t._ to collect again. - -RECOLLECT, rek-ol-ekt', _v.t._ to remember: to recover composure or -resolution (with reflex. pron.).--_n._ RECOLLEC'TION, act of recollecting -or remembering: the power of recollecting: memory: that which is -recollected: reminiscence.--_adj._ RECOLLEC'TIVE, having the power of -recollecting. - -RECOLLECT, rek'ol-ekt, _n._ a member of a congregation of a monastic order -following a very strict rule--mostly of the Franciscan order forming a -branch of the Observantines.--Also REC'OLLET. - -RECOMBINE, r[=e]-kom-b[=i]n', _v.t._ to combine again.--_n._ -RECOMBIN[=A]'TION. - -RECOMFORT, r[=e]-kum'furt, _v.t._ to comfort or console again: (_Bacon_) to -give new strength.--_adj._ RECOM'FORTLESS (_Spens._), comfortless.--_n._ -RECOM'FORTURE (_Shak._), restoration of comfort. - -RECOMMENCE, r[=e]-kom-ens', _v.t._ to commence again.--_n._ -RECOMMENCE'MENT. - -RECOMMEND, rek-o-mend', _v.t._ to commend to another: to bestow praise on: -to introduce favourably: to give in charge: to commit, as in prayer: to -advise.--_adj._ RECOMMEND'ABLE, that may be recommended: worthy of -praise.--_n._ RECOMMEND'ABLENESS, the quality of being -recommendable.--_adv._ RECOMMEND'ABLY, so as to deserve -recommendation.--_n._ RECOMMEND[=A]'TION, act of recommending: act of -introducing with commendation: repute: letter of recommendation.--_adj._ -RECOMMEND'[=A]TORY, that recommends: commendatory.--_n._ RECOMMEND'ER, one -who, or that which, recommends. - -RECOMMIT, r[=e]-kom-it', _v.t._ to commit again: particularly, to send back -to a committee.--_ns._ RECOMMIT'MENT, RECOMMIT'TAL. - -RECOMMUNICATE, r[=e]-kom-[=u]n'i-k[=a]t, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to communicate -again. - -RECOMPACT, r[=e]-kom-pakt', _v.t._ to join anew. - -RECOMPENSE, rek'om-pens, _v.t._ to return an equivalent for anything: to -repay or requite: to reward: to compensate: to remunerate.--_n._ that which -is returned as an equivalent: repayment: reward: compensation: -remuneration.--_n._ REC'OMPENSER. [Fr. _r['e]compenser_--L. _re-_, again, -_compens[=a]re_, to compensate.] - -RECOMPILE, r[=e]-kom-p[=i]l', _v.t._ to compile anew.--_ns._ -RECOMPIL[=A]'TION, RECOMPILE'MENT, a new compilation. - -RECOMPLETE, r[=e]-kom-pl[=e]t', _v.t._ to complete anew.--_n._ -RECOMPL[=E]'TION. - -RECOMPOSE, r[=e]-kom-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to compose again or anew: to form -anew: to soothe or quiet.--_ns._ RECOMPOS'ER; RECOMPOSI'TION. - -RECONCILE, rek'on-s[=i]l, _v.t._ to restore to friendship or union: to -bring to agreement: to bring to contentment: to pacify: to make consistent: -to adjust or compose.--_adj._ REC'ONCILABLE, that may be reconciled: that -may be made to agree: consistent.--_n._ REC'ONCILABLENESS, possibility of -being reconciled: consistency: harmony.--_adv._ REC'ONCILABLY, in a -reconcilable manner.--_ns._ REC'ONCILER; RECONCILI[=A]'TION, -REC'ONCILEMENT, act of reconciling: state of being reconciled: renewal of -friendship: propitiation: atonement: the bringing to agreement things at -variance.--_adj._ RECONCIL'IATORY, serving or tending to reconcile. [Fr. -_r['e]concilier_--L. _re-_, again, _concili[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to call -together.] - -RECONDENSE, r[=e]-kon-dens', _v.t._ to condense again.--_n._ -RECONDENS[=A]'TION. - -RECONDITE, r[=e]-kon'dit, or rek'on-d[=i]t, _adj._ secret: abstruse: -profound.--_ns._ RECONDITE'NESS; RECON'DITORY, a storehouse. [L. -_recond[)e]re_, _-itum_, to put away--_re-_, again, _cond[)e]re_, to put -together.] - -RECONDUCT, r[=e]-kon-dukt', _v.t._ to conduct back or anew. - -RECONFIRM, r[=e]-kon-f[.e]rm', _v.t._ to confirm again. - -RECONJOIN, r[=e]-kon-join', _v.t._ to join anew. - -RECONNAISSANCE, re-kon'i-sans, _n._ the act of reconnoitring: a survey or -examination: the examination of a tract of country with a view to military -or engineering operations.--RECONNAISSANCE IN FORCE, an attack by a body of -troops to discover the strength of the enemy. [Fr.] - -RECONNOITRE, rek-o-noi't[.e]r, _v.t._ to survey or examine: to survey with -a view to military operations.--_v.i._ to make preliminary -examination:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ reconnoi'tred.--_n._ a preliminary -survey. [O. Fr. _reconoistre_ (Fr. _reconna[^i]tre_)--L. _recognosc[)e]re_, -to recognise.] - -RECONQUER, r[=e]-kong'k[.e]r, _v.t._ to conquer again: to recover: to -regain.--_n._ RECON'QUEST. - -RECONSECRATE, r[=e]-kon's[=e]-kr[=a]t, _v.t._ to consecrate anew.--_n._ -RECONSECR[=A]'TION. - -RECONSIDER, r[=e]-kon-sid'[.e]r, _v.t._ to consider again, as to reconsider -a motion or vote: to review.--_n._ RECONSIDER[=A]'TION. - -RECONSOLATE, r[=e]-kon's[=o]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ (_obs._) to comfort again. - -RECONSOLIDATE, r[=e]-kon-sol'i-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to consolidate anew.--_n._ -RECONSOLID[=A]'TION. - -RECONSTITUTE, r[=e]-kon'sti-t[=u]t, _v.t._ to construct anew.--_adj._ -RECONSTIT'[=U]ENT.--_n._ RECONSTIT[=U]'TION. - -RECONSTRUCT, r[=e]-kon-strukt', _v.t._ to construct again: to -rebuild.--_n._ RECONSTRUC'TION.--_adj._ RECONSTRUC'TIONARY.--_n._ -RECONSTRUC'TIONIST.--_adj._ RECONSTRUC'TIVE, able or tending to -reconstruct. - -RECONTINUE, r[=e]-kon-tin'[=u], _v.t._ and _v.i._ to continue anew.--_n._ -RECONTIN'[=U]ANCE. - -RECONVALESCENCE, r[=e]-kon-val-es'ens, _n._ restoration to health. - -RECONVENE, r[=e]-kon-v[=e]n', _v.t._ to convene or call together -again.--_v.i._ to come together again. - -RECONVENT, r[=e]-kon-vent', _v.t._ to assemble together again.--_n._ -RECONVEN'TION, a counter-action by a defendant against a plaintiff. - -RECONVERT, r[=e]-kon-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to convert again.--_n._ -RECONVER'SION. - -RECONVEY, r[=e]-kon-v[=a]', _v.t._ to transfer back to a former owner, as -an estate.--_n._ RECONVEY'ANCE. - -RECORD, r[=e]-kord', _v.t._ to write anything formally, to preserve -evidence of it: to bear witness to: to register or enrol: to -celebrate.--_adj._ RECORD'ABLE, able to be recorded, worthy of -record.--_ns._ RECORD[=A]'TION (_Shak._), remembrance; RECORD'ER, one who -records or registers, esp. the rolls, &c., of a city: a judge of a city or -borough court of quarter-sessions: an old musical instrument somewhat like -a flageolet, but with the lower part wider than the upper, and a mouthpiece -resembling the beak of a bird: a registering apparatus in telegraphy; -RECORD'ERSHIP, the office of recorder, or the time of holding it. [O. Fr. -_recorder_--L. _record[=a]re_, to call to mind--_re-_, again, _cor_, -_cordis_, the heart.] - -RECORD, rek'ord, _n._ a register: a formal writing of any fact or -proceeding: a book of such writings: a witness, a memorial: memory, -remembrance: anything entered in the rolls of a court, esp. the formal -statements or pleadings of parties in a litigation.--_n._ REC'ORD-OFF'ICE, -a place where public records are kept.--BEAT, or BREAK, THE RECORD, to -outdo the highest achievement yet done; CLOSE THE RECORD, an act of a -Scottish judge after each party has said all he wishes to say by way of -statement and answer; PUBLIC RECORDS, contemporary authenticated statements -of the proceedings of the legislature, and the judgments of those higher -courts of law known as Courts of Record; TRIAL BY RECORD, a common law mode -of trial when a disputed former decision of the court is settled by -producing the record. - -RECOUNT, r[=e]-kownt', _v.t._ to count again: to tell over again: to -narrate the particulars of: to detail.--_n._ a second or repeated -count.--_ns._ RECOUNT'AL, RECOUNT'MENT, relation in detail, recital. [O. -Fr. _reconter_--_re-_, again, _conter_, to tell.] - -RECOUP, r[=e]-k[=oo]p', _v.t._ to make good: to indemnify.--_adj._ -RECOUP['E] (_her._), divided a second time.--_n._ RECOUP'MENT, -reimbursement: (_law_) reduction of the plaintiff's damages by keeping out -a part. [Fr. _recouper_, to cut again--_re-_, again, _couper_, to cut, -_coup_, a stroke--Low L. _colpus_--L. _colaphus_.] - -RECOURE, r[=e]-k[=oo]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to recover. - -RECOURSE, r[=e]-k[=o]rs', _n._ a going to for aid or protection: -access.--_v.i._ to return.--_adj._ RECOURSE'FUL, returning. [Fr. -_recours_--L. _recursus_--_re-_, back, _curr[)e]re_, _cursum_, to run.] - -RECOVER, r[=e]-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to cover again. - -RECOVER, r[=e]-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to get possession of again: to make up -for: to retrieve: to cure: to revive: to bring back to any former state: to -rescue: to obtain as compensation: to obtain for injury or debt: to -reconcile.--_v.i._ to regain health: to regain any former state: (_law_) to -obtain a judgment.--_n._ recovery: the forward movement in rowing, after -one stroke to take another.--_n._ RECOVERABIL'ITY, the state of being -recoverable.--_adj._ RECOV'ERABLE, that may be recovered or regained: -capable of being brought to a former condition.--_ns._ RECOV'ERABLENESS, -the state of being recoverable: capability of being recovered; RECOVEREE', -one against whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery; RECOV'ERER, one -who recovers; RECOV'EROR, one who recovers a judgment in common recovery; -RECOV'ERY, the act of recovering: the act of regaining anything lost: -restoration to health or to any former state: the power of recovering -anything: (_law_) a verdict giving right to the recovery of debts or costs. -[O. Fr. _recovrer_--L. _recuper[=a]re_--_re-_, again, and Sabine _cuprus_, -good; some suggest _cup[)e]re_, to desire.] - -RECREANT, rek'r[=e]-ant, _adj._ cowardly: false: apostate: renegade.--_n._ -a mean-spirited wretch: an apostate: a renegade.--_n._ REC'R[=E]ANCY, the -quality of a recreant: a yielding, mean, cowardly spirit.--_adv._ -REC'R[=E]ANTLY. [O. Fr., pr.p. of _recroire_, to change belief--Low L. -(_se_) _re-cred[)e]re_, to own one's self beaten--L. _re-_, again, -_cred[)e]re_, to believe.] - -RECREATE, rek'r[=e]-[=a]t, _v.t._ to revive: to reanimate: to cheer or -amuse: to refresh: to delight.--_v.i._ to take recreation.--_n._ -RECRE[=A]'TION, the act of recreating or state of being recreated: -refreshment after toil, sorrow, &c.: diversion: amusement: sport.--_adjs._ -RECRE[=A]'TIONAL, REC'RE[=A]TIVE, serving to recreate or refresh: giving -relief in weariness, &c.: amusing.--_adv._ REC'RE[=A]TIVELY, so as to -afford recreation or diversion.--_n._ REC'RE[=A]TIVENESS, the quality of -being refreshing or amusing. - -RECREMENT, rek'r[=e]-ment, _n._ superfluous matter: dross.--_adjs._ -RECREMENT'AL, RECREMENTI'TIAL, RECREMENTI'TIOUS. [L. _recrementum_, dross.] - -RECRIMINATE, r[=e]-krim'in-[=a]t, _v.t._ to criminate or accuse in -return.--_v.i._ to charge an accuser with a similar crime.--_n._ -RECRIMIN[=A]'TION, the act of recriminating or returning one accusation by -another: a countercharge or accusation.--_adjs._ RECRIM'IN[=A]TIVE, -RECRIM'IN[=A]TORY, recriminating or retorting accusations or charges.--_n._ -RECRIM'IN[=A]TOR, one who recriminates. - -RECROSS, r[=e]-kros', _v.t._ to cross again.--_adj._ RECROSSED' (_her._), -having the ends crossed. - -RECRUCIFY, r[=e]-kr[=oo]s'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to crucify anew. - -RECRUDESCENT, r[=e]-kr[=oo]-des'ent, _adj._ growing sore or painful -again.--_v.i._ RECRUDESCE', to become raw again: to be renewed.--_ns._ -RECRUDES'CENCE, RECRU'DENCY, RECRUDES'CENCY, the state of becoming sore -again: a state of relapse: (_med._) increased activity after recovery: -(_bot._) the production of a fresh shoot from a ripened spike. [L. -_recrudescens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _recrudesc[)e]re_, to become raw -again--_re-_, again, _crudesc[)e]re_, to become raw--_crudis_, crude.] - -RECRUIT, r[=e]-kr[=oo]t', _v.i._ to obtain fresh supplies: to recover in -health, &c.: to enlist new soldiers.--_v.t._ to repair: to supply: to -supply with recruits.--_n._ the supply of any want: a substitute for -something wanting: a newly enlisted soldier.--_ns._ RECRUIT'AL, renewed -supply; RECRUIT'ER.--_adj._ RECRUIT'ING, obtaining new supplies: enlisting -recruits.--_n._ the business of obtaining new supplies or enlisting new -soldiers.--_ns._ RECRUIT'ING-GROUND, a place where recruits may be -obtained; RECRUIT'ING-PAR'TY, a party of soldiers engaged in enlisting -recruits; RECRUIT'ING-SER'GEANT, a sergeant who enlists recruits; -RECRUIT'MENT, the act, business, or employment of raising new supplies of -men for an army. [O. Fr. _recruter_--_re-_, _cro[^i]tre_--L. -_recresc[)e]re_--_re-_, again, _cresc[)e]re_, to grow.] - -RECRYSTALLISATION, r[=e]-kris-tal-[=i]z-[=a]'shun, _n._ the process of -crystallising again.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ R[=E]CRYS'TALLISE. - -RECTA, rek'ta, _n.pl._--_adj._ REC'TAL. See RECTUM. - -RECTANGLE, rek'tang-gl, _n._ a four-sided figure with all its angles right -angles and its opposite sides equal.--_adjs._ REC'TANGLED, having right -angles; RECTANG'[=U]LAR, right-angled.--_n._ RECTANG[=U]LAR'ITY, the state -or quality of being right-angled.--_adv._ RECTANG'[=U]LARLY, with, or at, -right angles.--_n._ RECTANG'[=U]LARNESS.--RECTANGULAR HYPERBOLA, a -hyperbola whose asymptotes are at right angles to one another; RECTANGULAR -SOLID, a solid whose axis is perpendicular to its base. [Fr.,--L. _rectus_, -right, _angulus_, an angle.] - -RECTIFY, rek'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to make straight or right: to adjust: to -correct or redress: to purify by repeated crystallisation or sublimation, -or by distillations: (_math._) to determine the length of a curve included -between two limits: to prepare a sun-dial for an observation:--_pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ rec'tified.--_adj._ RECTIF[=I]'ABLE, that may be rectified or set -right.--_ns._ RECTIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of rectifying or setting right: -the process of refining any substance by repeated distillation: -rectification of a globe, its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a -proposed problem; REC'TIFIER, one who corrects: one who refines a substance -by repeated distillation.--RECTIFY THE COURSE OF A VESSEL, to determine its -true course from indications of the ship's compass, and allowing for -magnetic variations, &c.; RECTIFY THE GLOBE, to bring the sun's place in -the ecliptic on a globe to the brass meridian. [Fr.,--L. _rectus_, -straight, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -RECTIGRADE, rek'ti-gr[=a]d, _adj._ walking straight forward. [L. _rectus_, -straight, _gradi_, to step.] - -RECTILINEAL, rek-ti-lin'[=e]-al, _adj._ bounded by straight lines: -straight--also RECTILIN'EAR.--_adv._ RECTILIN'EALLY.--_n._ RECTILINEAR'ITY, -the state or quality of being right-lined.--_adv._ RECTILIN'EARLY, in a -right line.--_n._ RECTILIN'EARNESS. [L. _rectus_, straight, _linea_, a -line.] - -RECTINERVED, rek'ti-nervd, _adj._ (_bot._) straight or parallel nerved. - -RECTION, rek'shun, _n._ (_gram._) the influence of a word in regard to the -number, case, &c. of another word in a sentence. - -RECTIPETALITY, rek-ti-pe-tal'i-ti, _n._ (_bot._) the natural tendency of -stems to grow in a straight line. - -RECTIROSTRAL, rek'ti-ros'tral, _adj._ having a straight bill. [L. _rectus_, -straight, _rostrum_, a beak.] - -RECTISERIAL, rek-ti-s[=e]'ri-al, _adj._ placed in a straight line: (_bot._) -arranged in one or more straight ranks. - -RECTITIS, rek't[=i]-tis, _n._ inflammation of the rectum.--_adj._ -RECTIT'IC. - -RECTITUDE, rek'ti-t[=u]d, _n._ uprightness: correctness of principle or -practice: integrity: correctness. [Fr.,--L. _rectitudo_--_rectus_, -straight.] - -RECTO, rek't[=o], _n._ (_print._) the right-hand page--opp. to _Reverso_ or -_Verso_: (_law_) a writ of right. - -RECTOR, rek'tor, _n._ a ruler: in the Church of England, a clergyman who -has the charge and cure of a parish where the tithes are not impropriate, -and who accordingly has the whole right to the ecclesiastical dues therein: -a common name for all incumbents in the Episcopal churches of the United -States and (since 1890) Scotland: the head-master of a superior public -school in Scotland, Germany, &c.: the chief elective officer of certain -Scotch and French universities: the head of Lincoln and of Exeter Colleges, -Oxford, &c.: (_R.C._) an ecclesiastic in charge of a congregation, a -college, or religious house, esp. the head of a Jesuit seminary.--_adjs._ -REC'TORAL, RECT[=O]'RIAL, pertaining to a rector or to a rectory--_ns._ -REC'TORATE, REC'TORSHIP; REC'TORESS, a female rector: a governess; -REC'TORY, the province or mansion of a rector.--RECTOR MAGNIFICUS, the head -of a German university.--LAY RECTOR, a layman who enjoys the great tithes -of a parish; MISSIONARY RECTOR (_R.C._), a priest appointed to the charge -of some important mission in England. [L.,--_reg[)e]re_, _rectum_, to -rule.] - -RECTRIX, rek'triks, _n._ one of the long tail-feathers of a bird, so called -because used in steering the bird in its flight:--_pl._ RECTRICES -(rek'tri-s[=e]z). - -RECTUM, rek'tum, _n._ the lowest part of the large intestine:--_pl._ -REC'TA.--_adj._ REC'TAL.--_ns._ REC'TOSCOPE, a speculum for rectal -examination; RECTOT'OMY, the operation for dividing a rectal -stricture.--_adjs._ REC'TO-UR[=E]'THRAL, pertaining to the rectum and to -the urethra; REC'TO-[=U]'TERINE, to the rectum and the uterus; -REC'TO-VAG'INAL, to the rectum and the vagina; REC'TO-VES'ICAL, to the -rectum and the bladder. [L. _rectus_, straight.] - -RECTUS, rek'tus, _n._ a muscle so called from the straightness of its -course:--_pl._ REC'TI. - -RECUBANT, rek'[=u]-bant, _adj._ reclining, recumbent--_n._ RECUB[=A]'TION. -[L. _recub[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to lie back.] - -RECUIL, RECULE, r[=e]-k[=u]l' (_Spens._). Same as RECOIL. - -RECULTIVATE, r[=e]-kul'ti-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to cultivate again.--_n._ -RECULTIV[=A]'TION. - -RECUMBENT, r[=e]-kum'bent, _adj._ lying back: reclining: idle.--_ns._ -RECUM'BENCE, RECUM'BENCY.--_adv._ RECUM'BENTLY. [L. _recumb[)e]re_--_re-_, -back, _cub[=a]re_, to lie down.] - -RECUPERATIVE, r[=e]-k[=u]'p[.e]r-a-tiv, _adj._ tending to recovery--also -REC[=U]'PERATORY.--_adj._ R[=E]C[=U]'PERABLE, recoverable.--_v.t._ -REC[=U]'PER[=A]TE, to recover, to regain strength.--_ns._ RECUPER[=A]'TION, -recovery, as of something lost; REC[=U]'PER[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, -recuperates. [L. _recuperativus_--_recuper[=a]re_, to recover.] - -RECUR, r[=e]-kur', _v.i._ to return, resort: to happen at a stated -interval:--_pr.p._ recur'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ recurred'.--_ns._ -RECUR'RENCE, RECUR'RENCY, return.--_adj._ RECUR'RENT, returning at -intervals: (_anat._) running back in the opposite to a former direction: -(_entom._) turned back toward the base.--_adv._ RECUR'RENTLY.--RECURRING -DECIMAL, a decimal in which after a certain point the digits are -continually repeated--_repeating_, if but one recurring figure; -circulating, if more than one. [Fr.,--L. _recurr[)e]re_--_re-_, back, -_curr[)e]re_, to run.] - -RECURE, r[=e]-k[=u]r', _v.t._ to cure again: to recover--also _n._--_adjs._ -RECURE'FUL; RECURE'LESS, incurable. - -RECURSANT, r[=e]-kur'sant, _adj._ (_her._) turned backwards, of an animal -with its back toward the spectator. [L. _re-_, back, _cursans_, _-antis_, -pr.p. of _curs[=a]re_, to run.] - -RECURVE, r[=e]-kurv', _v.t._ to curve or bend back--also RECUR'VATE.--_ns._ -RECURV[=A]'TION, RECUR'VITY, RECUR'VATURE, the act of recurving: the state -of being recurved: a bending backwards.--_adjs._ RECURVED'; -RECURVIROS'TRAL, having a recurved bill; R[=E]CUR'VOUS, bent backward. - -RECUSANT, rek'[=u]-zant, or r[=e]-k[=u]'zant, _adj._ obstinate in refusal, -esp. to comply with the Anglican ritual.--_n._ a nonconformist: one who -refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the sovereign in religious -matters.--_ns._ REC'[=U]SANCE, REC'[=U]SANCY, state of being a recusant: -nonconformity, or its tenets; RECUS[=A]'TION.--_adj._ REC[=U]'SATIVE. -[Fr.,--L. _recusans_, pr.p. of _recus[=a]re_--_re-_, against, _causa_, a -cause.] - -RECUSE, r[=e]-k[=u]z', _v.t._ (_law_) to reject.--_adj._ REC[=U]'SATIVE. - -RECUSSION, r[=e]-kush'un, _n._ the act of beating or striking back. [L. -_recut[)e]re_, _recussum_, to beat back--_re-_, back, _quat[)e]re_, to -shake.] - -RED, red, _adj._ (_comp._ RED'DER; _superl._ RED'DEST) of a colour like -blood: ultra-radical, revolutionary.--_n._ one of the primary colours, of -several shades, as scarlet, pink, carmine, vermilion, &c.: a red cent, the -smallest coin of the United States.--_adjs._ RED'-BACKED, having a red -back; RED'-BEAKED, -BILLED, having a red beak or bill; RED'-BELL'IED, -having the under parts red.--_n._ RED'-BELL'Y, the United States slider, a -terrapin: the Welsh torgoch, a char.--_adj._ RED'-BELT'ED, having a red -band or bands.--_n._ RED'-BIRD, the common European bullfinch: the United -States grosbeak, also the tanager.--_adj._ RED'-BLOOD'ED, having reddish -blood.--_ns._ RED'-BOOK, a book containing the names of all persons in the -service of the state: the peerage; RED'BREAST, a favourite song-bird, so -called from the red colour of its breast, the robin; RED'-BUD, the -Judas-tree of America; RED'-CABB'AGE, a variety of cabbage, with purplish -heads, used for pickling; RED'-CAP, a species of goldfinch, having a -conical crest of red feathers on the top of the head: a ghost with long -teeth who haunts some Scotch castles; RED'-CENT, a copper cent; RED'-CHALK, --CLAY (see REDDLE); RED'-COAT, a British soldier, so called from his red -coat; RED'-COCK (_slang_), an incendiary fire; RED'-COR'AL, the most -important kind of coral in commerce, found off the coasts of Algiers and -Tunis and the Italian islands.--_adj._ RED'-CORPUS'CLED, having red -blood-discs.--_n._ RED'-CRAG, a division of the Pliocene.--_adjs._ -RED'-CREST'ED, having a red crest; RED'-CROSS, wearing or distinguished by -a cross of a red colour.--_n._ the badge and flag adopted by every society, -of whatever nation, formed for the aid of the sick and wounded in time of -war, recognised by the military authorities of its own nation, and enjoying -certain privileges and immunities under the Convention of Geneva -(1864).--_n._ RED'-DEER, a species of deer which is reddish-brown in -summer: the common stag.--_v.t._ RED'DEN, to make red.--_v.i._ to grow red: -to blush.--_adj._ RED'DISH, somewhat red: moderately red.--_ns._ -RED'DISHNESS; RED'-DOG, the lowest grade of flour in high milling; -RED'-DRUM, the southern red-fish, or red-bass, of the southern Atlantic -coast of the United States; RED'-EARTH, the reddish loam frequently found -in regions composed of limestones; RED'-EYE, or RUDD, a fresh-water fish of -the same genus as the roach, chub, and minnow.--_adjs._ RED'-FACED -(_Shak._), having a red face; RED'-FIG'URED, relating to an ancient Greek -ceramic ware, in which a black glaze was painted over the surface so as to -leave the design in the red of the body.--_n._ RED'-GUM, strophulus, a skin -disease usually occurring in infants about the time of teething, and -consisting of minute red pimples with occasional red patches.--_adjs._ -RED'-HAIRED, RED'-HEAD'ED, having red hair.--_n._ RED'-HAND, a bloody hand: -(_her._) a sinister hand, erect, open, and 'couped,' the distinguishing -badge of baronets.--_adj._ RED'-HAND'ED, in the very act, as if with bloody -hands.--_n._ RED'-HEAD, a person with red hair: the pochard, a red-headed -duck.--_adj._ RED'-HOT, heated to redness.--_ns._ RED'-LAC, the Japan -wax-tree; RED'-LATT'ICE (_Shak._), an alehouse window, then usually painted -red; RED'-LEAD, a preparation of lead of a fine red colour, used in -painting, &c.--_adj._ RED'-LEGGED, having red legs or feet, as a -bird.--_n._ RED'-LEGS, the European red-legged partridge: the turnstone: -the red-shank: (_bot._) the bistort.--_adj._ RED'-LETT'ER, having red -letters: auspicious or fortunate, as a day, the holidays or saints' days -being indicated by red letters in the old calendars.--_n._ RED'-LIQ'UOR, a -crude aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in calico-printing.--_adjs._ -RED'-LITT'EN, showing a red light; RED'-LOOKED (_Shak._), having a red -look.--_adv._ RED'LY.--_adj._ RED'-MAD (_prov._), quite mad.--_n._ -RED'-MET'AL, one of several alloys of copper used in silver-ware: a -Japanese alloy used in decorative metal-work.--_adj._ RED'-NECKED, having a -red neck.--_n._ RED'NESS.--_adjs._ RED'-NOSE, -NOSED, having a red nose, -like a habitual drunkard.--_ns._ RED'-OAK, an oak with heavy and durable -reddish wood, rising to ninety feet high in eastern North America; -RED'-PLAGUE, a form of the plague marked by a red spot or bubo; RED'-POLL, -a small northern finch: the common European linnet: the North American -palm-warbler.--_adjs._ RED'-POLLED; RED'-RIBBED (_Tenn._), having red -ribs.--_ns._ RED'-ROOT, a genus of plants of the natural order -_Rhamnaceae_--_New Jersey Tea_; REDS, or RED REPUBLICANS (see REPUBLIC); -RED'-SAUN'DERS, the sliced or rasped heart-wood of _Pterocarpus -santalinus_, used for giving colour to alcoholic liquors &c.--_v.i._ -RED'SEAR, to break when too hot.--_ns._ RED'SEED, small crustaceans which -float on the sea; RED'-SHANK, an aquatic bird of the snipe family, with -legs of a bright-red colour: a name given in ridicule to the Scottish -Highlanders, and to the Irish.--_adj._ RED'-SHORT, noting iron that is -brittle at red-heat.--_ns._ RED'-SHORT'NESS; RED'SKIN, a Red Indian; -RED'-STAFF, a miller's straight-edge, used in dressing millstones; -RED'START, a bird belonging to the family of the warblers, appearing in -Britain as a summer bird of passage; RED'STREAK, an apple, so called from -the colour of its skin; RED'-TAIL, the red-tailed buzzard, one of the -commonest hawks of North America.--_adj._ RED'-TAILED (_Shak._), having a -red tail.--_ns._ RED'-THRUSH, the red-wing; RED'-TOP, a kind of bent grass; -RED'-WA'TER, a disease of cattle, named from the urine being reddened with -the red globules of the blood.--_adj._ RED'-WAT'-SHOD (_Scot._), walking in -blood over the shoes.--_ns._ RED'-WEED, the common poppy; RED'-WING, a -species of thrush well known in Britain as a winter bird of passage, having -an exquisite, clear, flute-like song; RED'WOOD, a Californian timber-tree, -growing to nearly three hundred feet high.--_adj._ RED'-WUD (_Scot._), -stark mad.--RED-CROSS KNIGHT, a knight having on his shield a red cross; -RED ENSIGN, the British flag for all vessels not belonging to the navy, -consisting of a plain red flag, having the canton filled by the Union-jack -(before 1864 also the special flag of the Red Squadron); RED-GUM TREE, a -species of Eucalyptus attaining the height of 200 feet; RED PHEASANT, a -tragopan; RED SNOW, snow coloured by the minute alga _Protococcus nivalis_, -found in large patches in arctic and alpine regions.--INDIAN RED, a -permanent red pigment, orig. a natural earth rich in oxide of iron, now -prepared artificially.--ROYAL RED CROSS, a decoration for nurses, -instituted by Queen Victoria in 1883. [A.S. _re['a]d_; Ger. _roth_, L. -_ruber_, Gr. _e-rythros_, Gael. _ruath_.] - -RED, red, _v.t._ to put in order, make tidy: to disentangle: (_coll._) to -separate two men in fighting.--_ns._ RED'DER (_Scot._), one who endeavours -to settle a quarrel; RED'DING, the process of putting in order; -RED'DING-COMB, a large-toothed comb for dressing the hair; RED'DING-STRAIK -(_Scot._), a stroke received in trying to separate fighters. - -RED, REDD, red (_Spens._), _pa.t._ of _read_, declared. - -REDACTION, r[=e]-dak'shun, _n._ the act of arranging in systematic order, -esp. literary materials: the digest so made: an editorial staff.--_v.t._ -REDACT', to edit, work up into literary form.--_n._ REDACT'OR, an -editor.--_adj._ REDACT[=O]'RIAL. [Fr.,--L. _redactus_, pa.p. of -_redig[)e]re_, to bring back.] - -REDAN, r[=e]-dan', _n._ (_fort._) the simplest form of fieldwork, -consisting of two faces which form a salient angle towards the enemy, -serving to cover a bridge or causeway--quite open at the gorge. [O. Fr. -_redan_, _redent_--L. _re-_, back, _dens_, a tooth.] - -REDARGUE, r[=e]-d[:a]r'g[=u], _v.t._ to disprove.--_n._ REDARG[=U]'TION. -[O. Fr. _redarguer_--L. _redargu[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _argu[)e]re_, to -argue.] - -REDDENDUM, re-den'dum, _n._ (_law_) the clause by which the rent is -reserved in a lease:--_pl._ REDDEN'DA.--_n._ REDDEN'DO (_Scots law_), a -clause in a charter specifying the services to be rendered by a vassal to -his superior. [L., fut. part. pass. of _redd[)e]re_.] - -REDDING. See RED (2). - -REDDITION, re-dish'un, _n._ a giving back of anything: surrender: a -rendering of the sense: explanation.--_adj._ REDD'ITIVE, returning an -answer. [Fr.,--L. _reddition-em_--_redd[)e]re_, _redditum_, to restore.] - -REDDLE, red'l, _n._ an impure peroxide of iron (ferric oxide) associated -with very variable proportions of clay or chalk--also RED'-CLAY, RADD'LE, -RED'-CHALK.--_n._ REDD'LEMAN, a dealer in red clay. - -REDE, r[=e]d, _v.t._ to counsel or advise.--_n._ advice: a phrase: a -motto.--_n._ REDE'CRAFT, logic.--_adj._ REDE'LESS, without counsel or -wisdom. [_Read_.] - -REDECORATE, r[=e]-dek'o-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to decorate again. - -REDEDICATION, r[=e]-ded-i-k[=a]'shun, _n._ a second or renewed dedication. - -REDEEM, r[=e]-d[=e]m', _v.t._ to ransom: to relieve from captivity by a -price: to rescue, deliver: to pay the penalty of: to atone for: to perform, -as a promise: to improve, put to the best advantage: to recover, as a -pledge.--_adj._ REDEEM'ABLE, that may be redeemed.--_ns._ REDEEM'ABLENESS; -REDEEM'ER, one who redeems or ransoms, esp. Jesus Christ, the Saviour of -the world.--_adjs._ REDEEM'ING, saving: good, as exceptional to what is -bad; REDEEM'LESS, incurable; REDEMP'TIVE, pertaining to redemption: serving -or tending to redeem; REDEMP'TORY, serving to redeem: paid for ransom. [O. -Fr. _redimer_--L. _redim[)e]re_--_red-_, back, _em[)e]re_, to buy.] - -REDELIBERATE, r[=e]-de-lib'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.i._ to deliberate again. - -REDELIVER, r[=e]-de-liv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to deliver back or again: to liberate -a second time.--_ns._ REDELIV'ERANCE; REDELIV'ERY, the act of delivering -back: a second delivery or liberation. - -REDEMAND, r[=e]-d[=e]-mand', _v.t._ to demand back or again.--_n._ the -repetition of a demand: a demand for the return of a thing. - -REDEMISE, r[=e]-d[=e]-m[=i]z', _v.t._ to convey back, as an estate.--_n._ -such a transfer. - -REDEMPTION, r[=e]-demp'shun, _n._ act of redeeming or buying back: ransom: -release: the deliverance of mankind from sin and misery by Christ.--_ns._ -REDEMP'TIONARY, one who is set at liberty, or released from a bond, by -paying a compensation or fulfilling some stipulated conditions; -REDEMP'TIONER, one who redeemed himself from debt, or the like, by service; -REDEMP'TIONIST, one of an order of monks devoted to the redemption of -Christian captives from slavery; REDEMP'TORIST, one of a congregation of -R.C. missionary priests, founded by Alfonso Liguori in 1732, whose object -is the religious instruction of the people and the reform of public -morality, by periodically visiting, preaching, and hearing confessions. -[Fr.,--L.,--_redemptus_, pa.p. of _redim[)e]re_, to redeem.] - -REDENTED, r[=e]-den'ted, _adj._ formed like the teeth of a saw. [O. Fr. -_redent_, a double notching--L. _re-_, again, _dens_, _dentis_, a tooth.] - -REDESCEND, r[=e]-d[=e]-send', _v.i._ to descend again.--_n._ REDESCENT', a -descending again. - -REDESCRIBE, r[=e]-d[=e]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to describe again. - -REDETERMINE, r[=e]-d[=e]-t[.e]r'min, _v.t._ to determine again. - -REDEVELOP, r[=e]-d[=e]-vel'op, _v.t._ to intensify in photography by a -second process.--_n._ REDEVEL'OPMENT. - -REDHIBITION, red-hi-bish'un, _n._ (_law_) an action to oblige the seller to -annul the sale because of a defect--also REHIBI'TION.--_adjs._ -REDHIB'ITORY, REHIB'ITORY. - -REDIA, r[=e]'di-a, _n._ a stage in some trematode worms immediately before -_cercaria_:--_pl._ R[=E]'DIAE. [From _Redi_, an Italian naturalist.] - -REDIFFERENTIATE, r[=e]-dif-e-ren'shi-[=a]t, _v.i._ to differentiate a -differential coefficient.--_n._ REDIFFERENTI[=A]'TION. - -REDIGEST, r[=e]-di-jest', _v.t._ to reduce to form again. - -REDINGOTE, red'ing-g[=o]t, _n._ a double-breasted outer coat with long full -skirts, worn by men, also a similar outer garment for women. - -REDINTEGRATE, r[=e]-din't[=e]-gr[=a]t, _v.t._ to restore to integrity -again: to renew:--_pr.p._ redin'tegr[=a]ting; _pa.p._ -redin'tegr[=a]ted.--_n._ REDINTEGR[=A]'TION, restoration to integrity or to -a whole or sound state: renovation. [L. _redintegr[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, _integr[=a]re_, to make whole--_integer_.] - -REDIRECT, r[=e]-di-rekt', _v.t._ to direct anew. - -REDISBURSE, r[=e]-dis-burs', _v.t._ to refund. - -REDISCOVER, r[=e]-dis-kuv'[.e]r, _v.t._ to discover again.--_n._ -REDISCOV'ERY. - -REDISPOSE, r[=e]-dis-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to dispose or adjust again.--_n._ -REDISPOSI'TION. - -REDISSEIZE, r[=e]-dis-s[=e]z', _v.t._ to disseize anew.--_ns._ REDISSEIZ'IN -(_law_), a writ to recover seizin of lands; REDISSEIZ'OR. - -REDISSOLVE, r[=e]-di-zolv', _v.t._ to dissolve again.--_n._ -REDISSOL[=U]'TION. - -REDISTRIBUTE, r[=e]-dis-trib'[=u]t, _v.t._ to apportion anew.--_n._ -REDISTRIB[=U]'TION, a second or renewed distribution. - -REDISTRICT, r[=e]-dis'trikt, _v.t._ to divide again, as a state into -districts.--_n._ REDIS'TRICTING (_U.S._). - -REDITION, r[=e]-dish'un, _n._ the act of going back. - -REDIVIDE, r[=e]-di-v[=i]d', _v.t._ to divide again or anew. - -REDIVIVUS, red-i-v[=i]'vus, _adj._ alive again: restored. - -REDOLENT, red'[=o]-lent, _adj._ diffusing odour or fragrance: -scented.--_ns._ RED'OLENCE, RED'OLENCY.--_adv._ RED'OLENTLY. [Fr.,--L. -_redolens_, _-entis_--_red-_, _re-_, again, _ol[=e]re_, to emit an odour.] - -REDONDILLA, red-on-d[=e]'lya, _n._ an early form of versification in which -the 1st and 4th and the 2d and 3d lines of the stanza generally rhymed: in -later Spanish use, a term applied to verses of 6 and 8 syllables in -general, whether making perfect rhymes or assonances only. [Sp.,--L. -_rotundus_, round.] - -REDORSE, r[=e]-dors', _n._ the reverse side of a dorsal or dorse. - -REDOUBLE, r[=e]-dub'l, _v.t._ to double again or repeatedly: to increase -greatly: to multiply.--_v.i._ to become greatly increased: to become twice -as much. - -REDOUBT, REDOUT, r[=e]-dowt', _n._ (_fort._) a field-work enclosed on all -sides, its ditch not flanked from the parapet: a central or retired work -within any other works, intended to afford the garrison a last -retreat--also REDUIT'.--_adj._ (_her._) bent in many angles. [Fr. -_redoute_, _r['e]duit_, a redoubt--It. _ridotto_--L. _reduc[)e]re_, -_reductum_--to bring back.] - -REDOUBT, r[=e]-dowt', _v.t._ (_arch._) to fear.--_adjs._ REDOUBT'ABLE, -valiant; REDOUBT'ED (_Spens._).--_n._ REDOUBT'ING. [O. Fr. _redouter_, to -fear greatly--L. _re-_, back, _dubit[=a]re_, to doubt.] - -REDOUND, r[=e]-downd', _v.i._ to be sent back by reaction, to rebound: to -result, turn out: (_Spens._, _Milt._) to overflow, to be in excess.--_n._ -the coming back, as an effect or consequence, return.--_n._ REDOUND'ING. -[Fr. _r['e]donder_--L. _redund[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _und[=a]re_, to -surge--_unda_, a wave.] - -REDOWA, red'[=o]-a, _n._ a Bohemian round dance, one form resembling the -waltz, the other the polka: the music for such a dance, usually in quick -triple time. [Fr.,--Bohem. _rejdow['a]k_.] - -REDRAFT, r[=e]-draft', _n._ a second draft or copy: a new bill of exchange -which the holder of a protested bill draws on the drawer or endorsers, for -the amount of the bill, with costs and charges. - -REDRAW, r[=e]-draw', _v.t._ to draw again: to draw a second copy: to draw a -new bill: to meet another bill of the same amount. - -REDRESS, r[=e]-dres', _v.t._ to set right: to relieve from: to make amends -to: to compensate: to dress again.--_n._ relief: reparation.--_n._ -REDRESS'ER, one who gives redress.--_adjs._ REDRESS'IBLE, that may be -redressed; REDRESS'IVE, affording redress; REDRESS'LESS, without -relief.--_n._ REDRESS'MENT, the act of redressing. - -REDRIVE, r[=e]-dr[=i]v', _v.t._ to drive back. - -RED-TAPE, red'-t[=a]p, _n._ the red tape used in public, and esp. -government, offices for tying up documents, &c.: applied satirically to the -intricate system of routine in vogue there: official formality.--_adj._ -pertaining to official formality.--_ns._ RED'-T[=A]'PISM, the system of -routine in government and other public offices; RED'-T[=A]'PIST, a great -stickler for routine. - -REDUB, r[=e]-dub', _v.t._ (_obs._) to make amends for.--_n._ REDUB'BER, one -who buys stolen cloth and so alters it as not to be recognised. - -REDUCE, r[=e]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to bring into a lower state, as to reduce the -ores of silver: to lessen: to impoverish: to subdue: to arrange: (_arith._ -and _alg._) to change numbers or quantities from one denomination into -another: to reduce to its proper form, as to reduce a fracture: to bring -into a new form, as to reduce Latin to English: to weaken: to bring into a -class: (_Scots law_) to annul by legal means: (_mil._) to strike off the -pay-roll.--_ns._ REDUC'ER, one who reduces: a joint-piece for connecting -pipes of varying diameter; REDUCIBIL'ITY, REDUC'IBLENESS, the quality of -being reducible.--_adj._ REDUC'IBLE, that may be reduced.--_ns._ -REDUC'ING-SCALE, a scale used by surveyors for reducing chains and links to -acres and roods; REDUC'TION, act of reducing or state of being reduced: -diminution: subjugation: a rule for changing numbers or quantities from one -denomination to another.--_adj._ REDUC'TIVE, having the power to -reduce.--REDUCE TO THE RANKS, to degrade, for misconduct, to the condition -of a private soldier; REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM, the proof of a proposition by -proving the falsity of its contradictory opposite; REDUCTION WORKS, -smelting works. [L. _reduc[)e]re_, _reductum_--_re-_, back, _duc[)e]re_, to -lead.] - -REDUIT. See REDOUBT (1). - -REDUNDANCE, r[=e]-dun'dans, _n._ quality of being superfluous: -superabundance--also REDUN'DANCY.--_adj._ REDUN'DANT, superfluous, as in -words or images: (_Milt._) flowing back, as a wave.--_adv._ REDUN'DANTLY. -[Fr.,--L. _redund-ans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of _redund[=a]re_, to redound.] - -REDUPLICATE, r[=e]-d[=u]'pli-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to double again: to multiply: -to repeat.--_adj._ doubled.--_n._ REDUPLIC[=A]'TION, the act of redoubling: -the repetition of a syllable, or of the initial part, in inflection and -word-formation, as in L. _fefelli_, perf. of _fallo_, Gr. _tetupha_, perf. -of _tupt[=o]_: (_anat._) a folding or doubling of a part or organ.--_adj._ -RED[=U]'PLIC[=A]TIVE. - -REDUVIIDAE, red-[=u]-v[=i]'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of predacious -bugs.--_adj._ RED[=U]'VIOID.--_n._ RED[=U]'VIUS, a genus embracing about -fifty species, mostly African--the _Fly-bug_ is European. - -REDUX, r[=e]'duks, _adj._ led back, as from captivity, &c., as in Dryden's -poem on the Restoration entitled _Astraea Redux_: (_med._) noting the -reappearance of certain physical signs after interruption in consequence of -disease. - -REE, r[=e], (_prov._) _v.t._ to riddle. - -REE, r[=e], _adj._ (_prov._) wild, tipsy. - -REEBOK, r[=e]'bok, _n._ a South African antelope. - -RE-ECHO, r[=e]-ek'[=o], _v.t._ to echo back.--_v.i._ to give back echoes: -to resound.--_n._ an echo repeated. - -REECHY, r[=e]ch'i, _adj._ (_Shak._) smoky, sooty, tanned.--_n._ REECH, -smoke--the Scotch _reek_ (q.v.). - -REED, r[=e]d, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_Spens._) to deem. - -[Illustration] - -REED, r[=e]d, _n._ the common English name of certain tall grasses, growing -in moist or marshy places, and having a very hard or almost woody culm: a -musical pipe anciently made of a reed: the sounding part of several musical -instruments, as the clarinet, bassoon, oboe, and bagpipe: the speaking part -of the organ, though made of metal: the appliance in weaving for separating -the threads of the warp, and for beating the weft up to the web: a tube -containing the powder-train leading to the blast-hole: a piece of -whalebone, &c., for stiffening the skirt or waist of a woman's dress: -(_poet._) a missile weapon: reeds or straw for thatch: a measuring -reed.--_v.t._ to thatch.--_ns._ REED'-BAND, a musical band including -clarinets and other reed-instruments; REED'-BIRD, the bobolink; -REED'-BUNT'ING, the black-headed bunting of Europe.--_adjs._ REED'ED, -covered with reeds: formed with reed-like ridges or channels; REED'EN, -consisting of a reed or reeds.--_ns._ REED'ER, a thatcher; REED'-GRASS, any -one of the grasses called reeds; REED'INESS, the state of being reedy; -REED'ING, the milling on the edge of a coin: (_archit._) ornamental beaded -mouldings, &c.; REED'-IN'STRUMENT, a musical instrument, the tone of which -is produced by the vibration of a reed; REED'-KNIFE, a metal implement for -adjusting the tuning wires in a pipe-organ; REED'LING, the European bearded -titmouse; REED'-MACE, any plant of the genus _Typha_, esp. either of two -species, also called _Cat's tail_, the most common of which grows to a -height of five or six feet, and is sometimes called _Bulrush_; -REED'-M[=O]'TION, the mechanism which in power-looms moves the batten; -REED'-OR'GAN, a key-board musical instrument of which the harmonium and the -American organ are the principal types; REED'-PHEAS'ANT, the bearded -titmouse or reedling; REED'-PIPE, in organ-building, a pipe whose tone is -produced by the vibration of a reed: REED'-PLANE, a concave-soled plane -used in making beads; REED'-STOP, a set of reed-pipes in organs, the use of -which is controlled by a single stop-knob; REED'-WAR'BLER, a species of the -warblers, frequenting marshy places, and building its nest on the reeds -which grow there--also REED'-THRUSH; REED'-WREN, the greater reed-warbler: -an American wren.--_adj._ REED'Y, abounding with reeds: resembling or -sounding as a reed--_n._ masses of rods of iron imperfectly welded -together. [A.S. _hre['o]d_; Dut. _riet_, Ger. _ried_.] - -RE-EDIFY, r[=e]-ed'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to rebuild.--_n._ RE-EDIFIC[=A]'TION, -the act of rebuilding: the state of being rebuilt. - -REEF, r[=e]f, _n._ a chain of rocks lying at or near the surface of the -water: a shoal or elevated bank: a lode, vein, or ledge, in Australian -mining phraseology. [Dut. _rif_; Ice. _rif_.] - -[Illustration] - -REEF, r[=e]f, _n._ a portion of a sail rolled or folded up.--_v.t._ to -reduce the exposed surface of, as a sail: to gather up any material in a -similar way.--_ns._ REEF'-BAND, a strong strip of canvas extending across a -sail to strengthen it; REEF'ER, a reef-oyster: one who reefs: a short -jacket worn by sailors: a midshipman; REEF'-GOOSE, the common wild goose of -North America; REEF'ING, the gathering up of a curtain in short festoons; -REEF'ING-JACK'ET, a pea-jacket; REEF'-KNOT, a square knot; REEF'-LINE, a -temporary means of spilling a sail; REEF'-PEND'ANT, in fore and aft sails, -a rope through a sheave-hole in the boom; REEF'-SQUID, a lashing used -aboard the luggers on the south coast of England; REEF'-TACK'LE, a tackle -used to facilitate reefing.--_adjs._ REEF'Y, full of reefs; CLOSE'-REEFED, -the condition of a sail when all its reefs have been taken in. [Dut. -_reef_, reef; Ice. _rif_, Dan. _reb_.] - -REEF, r[=e]f, _adj._ (_Scot._) scabby.--_n._ the itch. [A.S. _hre['o]f_, -scabby.] - -REEK, r[=e]k, _n._ smoke: vapour.--_v.i._ to emit smoke or vapour: to -steam.--_adj._ REEK'Y, full of reek: smoky: soiled with steam or smoke: -foul. [A.S. _r['e]c_; Ice. _reykr_, Ger. _rauch_, Dut. _rook_, smoke.] - -REEL, r[=e]l, _n._ a lively Scottish dance for two couples or more, its -music generally written in common time of four crotchets in a measure, but -sometimes in jig time of six quavers: music for such a dance.--_v.i._ to -dance a reel. [Gael. _righil_.] - -REEL, r[=e]l, _n._ a rolling or turning frame for winding yarn, &c.--_v.t._ -to wind on a reel.--_adj._ REEL'ABLE, capable of being reeled.--_ns._ -REEL'-CLICK, an attachment to an angler's reel, which checks the line from -running out too freely; REEL'-COTT'ON, sewing cotton thread wound on reels -or spools; REEL'ER, one who reels: the grasshopper-warbler; REEL'-HOLD'ER, -a rotatory frame to hold spools or reels of thread used in sewing: one of -the watch in a man-of-war who hauls in the line when the log is heaved to -ascertain the ship's speed; REEL'ING-MACHINE', a machine for winding thread -on spools or reels: a machine which winds into hanks the cotton yarn -received from the bobbins of the spinning-frames; REEL'-LINE, a -fishing-line used on a reel by anglers, esp. the part _reeled_, as -distinguished from that _cast;_ REEL'-PLATE, the metal plate of a -fishing-reel that fits into the reel-seat; REEL'-SEAT, the groove on an -angler's rod which receives the reel.--REEL OFF, to give out with rapidity -or fluency. [A.S. _re['o]l_, _hre['o]l_.] - -REEL, r[=e]l, _v.i._ to stagger: to vacillate.--_n._ giddiness.--_adv._ -REEL'-RALL (_Scot._), topsy-turvy. [Conn. with preceding word.] - -RE-ELECT, r[=e]-[=e]-lekt', _v.t._ to elect again.--_n._ RE-ELEC'TION. - -RE-ELEVATE, r[=e]-el'e-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to elevate again or anew. - -RE-ELIGIBLE, r[=e]-el'i-ji-bl, _adj._ capable of re-election.--_n._ -RE-ELIGIBIL'ITY. - -REEM, r[=e]m, _n._ an animal mentioned in Job, xxxix. 9--unicorn, wild ox, -or ox-antelope. - -RE-EMBARK, r[=e]-em-b[:a]rk', _v.t._ to embark or put on board again.--_n._ -RE-EMBARK[=A]'TION. - -RE-EMBATTLE, r[=e]-em-bat'l, _v.t._ (_Milt._) to range again in order of -battle. - -RE-EMBODY, r[=e]-em-bod'i, _v.t._ to embody again. - -RE-EMBRACE, r[=e]-em-br[=a]s', _v.t._ or _v.i._ to embrace again. - -RE-EMERGE, r[=e]-[=e]-m[.e]rj', _v.i._ to emerge again.--_n._ -RE-EMERG'ENCE, the act of emerging again. - -REEMING, r[=e]m'ing, _n._ the act of opening the seams between the planks -of a vessel with a caulking-iron, in order to admit the oakum. - -RE-ENACT, r[=e]-en-akt', _v.t._ to enact again.--_n._ RE-ENACT'MENT. - -RE-ENCOURAGEMENT, r[=e]-en-kur'[=a]j-ment, _n._ renewed or repeated -encouragement. - -RE-ENDOW, r[=e]-en-dow', _v.t._ to endow again or anew. - -RE-ENFORCE, RE-ENFORCEMENT. Same as REINFORCE, REINFORCEMENT. - -RE-ENGAGE, r[=e]-en-g[=a]j', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to engage again or a second -time.--_n._ RE-ENGAGE'MENT, a renewed or repeated engagement. - -RE-ENGENDER, r[=e]-en-jen'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to regenerate. - -RE-ENGRAVE, r[=e]-en-gr[=a]v', _v.t._ to engrave again or anew. - -RE-ENJOY, r[=e]-en-joi', _v.t._ to enjoy anew or a second time. - -RE-ENLIST, r[=e]-en-list, _v.t._ or _v.i._ to enlist again. - -RE-ENTER, r[=e]-en't[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to enter again or anew: in -engraving, to cut deeper where the aqua fortis has not bitten -sufficiently.--_p.adj._ RE-EN'TERING, entering again: turning -inwards.--_n._ RE-EN'TRANCE, the act of entering again.--_adj._ RE-EN'TRANT -(same as RE-ENTERING).--_n._ RE-EN'TRY, an entering again: the resuming a -possession lately lost.--RE-ENTERING ANGLE, an angle pointing inwards. - -RE-ENTHRONE, r[=e]-en-thr[=o]n', _v.t._ to restore to the throne.--_n._ -RE-ENTHRONE'MENT. - -RE-ERECT, r[=e]-e-rekt', _v.t._ to erect again. - -REERMOUSE. Same as REREMOUSE. - -REESK, r[=e]sk, _n._ (_Scot._) rank grass, or waste land growing such. - -REEST, REIST, r[=e]st, _v.i._ (_Scot._) of a horse, suddenly to refuse to -move, to baulk.--_v.t._ to arrest, stop. - -RE-ESTABLISH, r[=e]-es-tab'lish, _v.t._ to establish again: to -restore.--_ns._ RE-ESTAB'LISHER, one who re-establishes; RE-ESTAB'LISHMENT. - -RE-ESTATE, r[=e]-es-t[=a]t', _v.t._ to re-establish. - -REEVE, r[=e]v, _n._ a steward or other officer (now used only in -composition, as in _sheriff_)--a title applied to several classes of old -English magistrates over various territorial areas, as _borough-reeves_, -over boroughs; _port-reeves_, in trading towns, in ports; _high-reeves_, -&c. [M. E. _reve_--A.S. _ger['e]fa_--_r['o]f_, excellent. Cf. Ger. _graf_.] - -REEVE, r[=e]v, _v.t._ to pass the end of a rope through any hole, as the -channel of a block:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ reeved, also rove (_naut._). -[_Reef_ (2).] - -RE-EXAMINE, r[=e]-eg-zam'in, _v.t._ to examine again or anew.--_n._ -RE-EXAMIN[=A]'TION, a renewed or repeated examination. - -RE-EXCHANGE, r[=e]-eks-ch[=a]nj', _v.t._ to exchange again or anew.--_n._ a -renewed exchange. - -RE-EXHIBIT, r[=e]-eg-zib'it, _v.t._ to exhibit again. - -RE-EXPEL, r[=e]-eks-pel', _v.t._ to expel again. - -RE-EXPORT, r[=e]-eks-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to export again, as what has been -imported.--_n._ RE-EXPORT[=A]'TION, the act of exporting what has first -been imported. - -REFACTION, r[=e]-fak'shun, _n._ (_obs._) _retribution_. - -REFAIT, re-f[=a]', _n._ a drawn game, esp. in _rouge-et-noir_. - -REFASHION, r[=e]-fash'un, _v.t._ to fashion or mould again.--_n._ -REFASH'IONMENT. - -REFASTEN, r[=e]-fas'n, _v.t._ to fasten again. - -REFECTION, r[=e]-fek'shun, _n._ refreshment: a meal or repast.--_n._ -REFEC'TIONER.--_adj._ REFEC'TIVE, refreshing.--_n._ REFEC'TORY, the place -where refections or meals are taken, esp. in convents or monasteries. -[_Fr._,--L. _refectio_--_refic[)e]re_, _refectum_--_re-_, again, -_fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -REFEL, r[=e]-fel', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to refute, to disprove. [O. Fr.,--L. -_refell[)e]re_--_re-_, again, _fall[)e]re_, to deceive.] - -REFEOFF, r[=e]-fef', _v.t._ to reinvest. - -REFER, r[=e]-f[.e]r, _v.t._ to submit to another person or authority: to -assign: to reduce: to carry back: to trace back: to hand over for -consideration: to deliver over, as to refer a matter: to appeal: to direct -for information.--_v.i._ to direct the attention: to give a reference: to -have reference or recourse: to relate: to allude:--_pr.p._ refer'ring; -_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ referred'.--_adjs._ REF'ERABLE, REFER'RIBLE, that may -be referred or assigned to.--_ns._ REFER[=EE]', one to whom anything is -referred: an arbitrator, umpire, or judge; REF'ERENCE, the act of -referring: a submitting for information or decision: relation: allusion: -one who, or that which, is referred to: (_law_) the act of submitting a -dispute for investigation or decision: a testimonial: a direction in a -book, a quotation; REF'ERENCE-B[=I]'BLE, a Bible having references to -parallel passages; REF'ERENCE-BOOK, a book to be referred to or consulted, -as an encyclopaedia; REF'ERENCE-L[=I]'BRARY, a library containing books to -be consulted only in the premises.--_n.pl._ REF'ERENCE-MARKS (_print._), -the characters *, +, &c., used to refer to notes, &c.--_ns._ REFERENDAR', -in Germany, a legal probationer who has passed the first of the two -examinations for the judicial service; REFEREN'DARY, one to whose decision -a cause is referred, a referee: formerly a public official whose duty was -to procure, execute, and despatch diplomas and charters, or who served as -the medium of communication with a sovereign: the official through whom the -patriarch of Constantinople communicates with the civil authorities; -REFEREN'DUM, in Switzerland, the right of the people to have all -legislative acts passed in the Federal or Cantonal Assemblies referred to -them _en masse_.--_adj._ REFEREN'TIAL, containing a reference: pointing or -referring to something else.--_adv._ REFEREN'TIALLY, in the way of -reference.--_ns._ REFER'MENT; REFER'RER. [O. Fr. _referer_ -(_r['e]f['e]rer_)--L. _referre_, to carry back--_re-_, back, _ferre_, to -carry.] - -REFERRIBLE. Same as REFERABLE. - -REFIGURE, r[=e]-fig'[=u]r, _v.t._ to represent anew: (_astrol._) to restore -the parabolic figure of, as of a parabolic mirror. - -REFILL, r[=e]-fil', _v.t._ to fill again. - -REFIND, r[=e]-f[=i]nd', _v.t._ to find or experience again. - -REFINE, r[=e]-f[=i]n', _v.t._ to separate from extraneous matter: to reduce -to a fine or pure state: to purify: to clarify: to polish: to make elegant: -to purify the manners, morals, language, &c.--_v.i._ to become fine or -pure: to affect nicety: to improve in any kind of excellence.--_p.adj._ -REFINED', made fine: polished: highly cultivated.--_adv._ REFIN'EDLY, in a -refined manner: with affected elegance.--_ns._ REFIN'EDNESS, REFINE'MENT, -act of refining or state of being refined: purification: separation from -what is impure, &c.: cultivation: elegance: polish: purity: an excessive -nicety; REFIN'ER, one who refuses anything: a piece of mechanism for -refining, as a gas purifier; REFIN'ERY, a place for refining; REFIN'ING, -the act or process of refining or purifying, particularly metals. [L. -_re-_, denoting change of state, and _fine_; cf. Fr. _raffiner_.] - -REFIT, r[=e]-fit', _v.t._ to fit or prepare again.--_v.i._ to repair -damages.--_ns._ REFIT', REFIT'MENT. - -REFLAME, r[=e]-fl[=a]m', _v.i._ to burst again into flame. - -REFLECT, r[=e]-flekt', _v.t._ to bend back: to throw back after striking -upon any surface, as light, &c.--_v.i._ to be thrown back, as light, heat, -&c.: to revolve in the mind: to consider attentively or deeply: to ponder: -to cast reproach or censure (with _on_, _upon_).--_p.adj._ REFLECT'ED, cast -or thrown back: turned upward: reflexed.--_adjs._ REFLECT'IBLE, capable of -being reflected; REFLECT'ING, throwing back light, heat, &c.: given to -reflection: thoughtful.--_adv._ REFLECT'INGLY, with reflection: with -censure.--REFLECTING TELESCOPE, a form of telescope in which the image of -the object to be viewed is produced by a concave reflector instead of a -lens, as in the refracting telescope. [Fr.,--L. _reflect[)e]re_, -_reflexum_--_re-_, again, _flect[)e]re_, to bend.] - -REFLECTION, REFLEXION, r[=e]-flek'shun, _n._ the act of reflecting: the -change of direction when a ray of light, &c., strikes upon a surface and is -thrown back: the state of being reflected: that which is reflected: the -action of the mind by which it is conscious of its own operations: -attentive consideration: contemplation: censure or reproach: (_anat._) the -folding of a part, a fold.--_adj._ REFLECT'IVE, reflecting: considering the -operations of the mind: exercising thought or reflection: (_gram._) -reciprocal.--_adv._ REFLECT'IVELY.--_ns._ REFLECT'IVENESS; REFLECT'OR, one -who, or that which, reflects: a mirror or polished reflecting surface: a -censurer.--_adj._ REFLECT'ORY. - -REFLET, re-fl[=a]', _n._ iridescent glaze, as on pottery: ware possessing -this property. - -REFLEX, r[=e]'fleks, _adj._ bent or turned back: reflected: reciprocal: -acting and reacting, as reflex influence: (_physiol._) said of certain -movements which take place independent of the will, being sent back from a -nerve-centre in answer to a stimulus from the surface: (_paint._) -illuminated by light reflected from another part of the same picture.--_n._ -reflection: light reflected from an illuminated surface: a copy.--_v.t._ -REFLEX', to bend back.--_p.adj._ REFLEXED' (_bot._), bent backward or -downward.--_n._ REFLEXIBIL'ITY.--_adjs._ REFLEX'IBLE, REFLECT'IBLE, that -may be reflected or thrown back.--_n._ REFLEX'ITY.--_adj._ REFLEX'IVE, -turning backward: reflective: respecting the past: relating to a verb in -which the action turns back upon the subject, as _I bethought -myself_.--_adv._ REFLEX'IVELY.--_n._ REFLEX'IVENESS, the state or quality -of being reflexive.--_adv._ R[=E]'FLEXLY (also REFLEX'LY).--_adj._ -REFLEXOGEN'IC, tending to increase reflex motions. - -REFLOAT, r[=e]-fl[=o]t', _n._ ebb. - -REFLORESCENCE, r[=e]-flor-es'ens, _n._ a blossoming anew.--_v.i._ -REFLOUR'ISH. - -REFLOW, r[=e]-fl[=o]', _v.i._ to flow back.--_ns._ REFLOW', REFLOW'ING. - -REFLOWER, r[=e]-flow'[.e]r, _v.i._ to bloom again. - -REFLUENT, ref'l[=oo]-ent, _adj._ flowing back: ebbing.--_ns._ REF'LUENCE, -REF'LUENCY.--_adj._ R[=E]'FLUX, flowing or returning back: reflex.--_n._ a -flowing back: ebb.--_n._ REFLUX'ING. [L. _refluens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of -_reflu[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _flu[)e]re_, _fluxum_, to flow.] - -REFOCILLATE, r[=e]-fos'il-[=a]t, _v.t._ (_obs._) to revive.--_n._ -REFOCILL[=A]'TION. [L. _re-_, again, _focill[=a]re_, to cherish--_focus_, a -hearth.] - -REFOLD, r[=e]-f[=o]ld', _v.t._ to fold again.--_adj._ REFOLD'ED. - -REFOOT, r[=e]-f[=oo]t', _v.t._ to supply with a new foot. - -REFOREST, r[=e]-for'est, _v.t._ to plant again with trees.--_n._ -REFOREST[=A]'TION. - -REFORGE, r[=e]-f[=o]rj', _v.t._ to forge again or anew: to make over -again.--_n._ REFORG'ER. - -REFORM, r[=e]-form', _v.t._ to form again or anew: to transform: to make -better: to remove that which is objectionable from: to repair or improve: -to reclaim.--_v.i._ to become better: to abandon evil: to be corrected or -improved.--_n._ a forming anew: change, amendment, improvement: an -extension or better distribution of parliamentary representation, as in the -Reform Bill.--_adj._ REFOR'MABLE.--_n._ REFORM[=A]'TION, the act of forming -again: the act of reforming: amendment: improvement: the great religious -revolution of the 16th century, which gave rise to the various evangelical -or Protestant organisations of Christendom.--_adjs._ REFOR'M[=A]TIVE, -forming again or anew: tending to produce reform; REFOR'M[=A]TORY, -reforming: tending to produce reform.--_n._ an institution for reclaiming -youths and children who have been convicted of crime.--_adj._ REFORMED', -formed again or anew: changed: amended: improved: denoting the churches -formed after the Reformation, esp. those in which the Calvinistic -doctrines, and still more the Calvinistic polity, prevail, in -contradistinction to the _Lutheran_.--_ns._ REFOR'MER, one who reforms: one -who advocates political reform: one of those who took part in the -Reformation of the 16th century; REFOR'MIST, a reformer.--REFORMED -PRESBYTERIANS, a Presbyterian denomination originating in Scotland (see -CAMERONIAN); REFORM SCHOOL, a reformatory. [L. _re-_, again, _form[=a]re_, -to shape--_forma_, form.] - -REFORMADE, ref-or-m[=a]d', _n._ (_Bunyan_) a reduced or dismissed -soldier.--_n._ REFORM[=A]'DO, an officer without a command.--_adj._ -degraded: penitent. - -REFORTIFY, r[=e]-for'ti-f[=i], _v.t._ to fortify again or anew. - -REFOUND, r[=e]-fownd', _v.t._ to establish on a new basis: to cast -anew.--_n._ REFOUND'ER. - -REFRACT, r[=e]-frakt', _v.t._ to break back or open: to break the natural -course, or bend from a direct line, as rays of light, &c.--_adj._ -R[=E]FRAC'TABLE.--_p.adjs_. R[=E]FRAC'TED, turned out of its straight -course, as a ray of light: (_bot._, &c.) bent back at an acute angle; -R[=E]FRAC'TING, serving or tending to refract: refractive.--_n._ -R[=E]FRAC'TION, the act of refracting: the change in the direction of a ray -of light, heat, &c., when it enters a different medium.--_adj._ -R[=E]FRAC'TIVE, refracting: pertaining to refraction.--_ns._ -R[=E]FRAC'TIVENESS; R[=E]FRACTIV'ITY; R[=E]FRACTOM'ETER, an instrument for -measuring the refractive power of different substances; R[=E]FRAC'TOR, a -refracting telescope.--ANGLE OF REFRACTION, the angle between a -perpendicular and a ray of light after its change of direction, bearing a -constant ratio to the sine of the _angle of incidence_--the index of -refraction; ASTRONOMICAL, or ATMOSPHERIC, REFRACTION, the apparent angular -elevation of the heavenly bodies above their true places, caused by the -refraction of the rays of light in their passage through the earth's -atmosphere; DOUBLE REFRACTION, the separation of an incident ray of light -into two refracted rays, polarised in perpendicular planes. [L. -_refring[)e]re_, _refractum_--_re-_, back, _frang[)e]re_, to break.] - -REFRACTORY, r[=e]-frak'to-ri, _adj._ breaking through rules: unruly: -unmanageable: obstinate: perverse: difficult of fusion, as metals, &c.: not -susceptible, as to disease.--_adv._ REFRAC'TORILY.--_n._ REFRAC'TORINESS. - -REFRACTURE, r[=e]-frak't[=u]r, _n._ a breaking again. - -REFRAGABLE, ref'ra-ga-bl, _adj._ that may be resisted: capable of -refutation.--_ns._ REFRAGABIL'ITY, REF'RAGABLENESS.--_v.i._ REF'RAG[=A]TE -(_obs._), to be contrary in effect. [L. _refrag[=a]ri_, to resist--_re-_, -again, _frang[)e]re_, to break.] - -REFRAIN, r[=e]-fr[=a]n', _n._ a burden or chorus recurring at the end of -each division of a poem: the musical form to which the burden of a song is -set: an after-taste or other sense impression. [O. Fr. -_refrain_--_refraindre_--L. _refring[)e]re_ (_refrang[)e]re_).] - -REFRAIN, r[=e]-fr[=a]n', _v.t._ to curb: to restrain.--_v.i._ to keep from -action: to forbear.--_ns._ REFRAIN'ER; REFRAIN'MENT. [O. Fr. _refraindre_ -(Fr. _refr['e]ner_)--Low L. _refren[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _frenum_, a -bridle.] - -REFRAME, r[=e]-fr[=a]m', _v.t._ to frame again. - -REFRANATION, r[=e]f-ra-n[=a]'shun, _n._ (_astrol._) the failure of a -planetary aspect to occur. - -REFRANGIBLE, r[=e]-fran'ji-bl, _adj._ that may be refracted, or turned out -of a direct course, as rays of light, heat, &c.--_ns._ REFRANGIBIL'ITY, -REFRAN'GIBLENESS. - -REFREEZE, r[=e]-fr[=e]z', _v.t._ to freeze a second time. - -REFRENATION, ref-r[=e]-n[=a]'shun, _n._ (_obs_.) the act of restraining. - -REFRESH, r[=e]-fresh', _v.t._ to give new strength, spirit, &c. to: to -revive after exhaustion: to enliven: to restore a fresh appearance -to.--_v.i._ to become fresh again: (_coll._) to take refreshment, as food -and drink.--_v.t._ R[=E]FRESH'EN, to make fresh again.--_n._ R[=E]FRESH'ER, -one who, or that which, refreshes: a fee paid to counsel for continuing his -attention to a case, esp. when adjourned.--_adj._ R[=E]FRESH'FUL, full of -power to refresh: refreshing.--_adv._ R[=E]FRESH'FULLY.--_p.adj._ -R[=E]FRESH'ING, reviving, invigorating.--_adv._ R[=E]FRESH'INGLY, in a -refreshing manner: so as to revive.--_ns._ R[=E]FRESH'INGNESS; -REFRESH'MENT, the act of refreshing: new strength or spirit after -exhaustion: that which refreshes, as food or rest--(_pl._) usually food and -drink.--REFRESHMENT, or REFECTION, SUNDAY, the fourth Sunday in Lent. - -REFRIGERANT, r[=e]-frij'[.e]-rant, _adj._ making cold: cooling: -refreshing.--_n._ that which cools.--_v.t._ R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TE, to make -cold: to cool: to refresh.--_n._ R[=E]FRIGER[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ -R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TIVE, R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TORY, cooling: refreshing.--_ns._ -R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TOR, an apparatus for preserving food by keeping it at a -low temperature: an ice-safe; R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TOR-CAR, a freight-car fitted -for preserving meat, &c., during transmission, by means of cold; -R[=E]FRIG'ER[=A]TORY, a cooler: a vessel or apparatus for cooling, used in -brewing, &c.; R[=E]FRIG[=E]'RIUM (_obs._), cooling refreshment. [Fr.,--L. -_re-_, denoting change of state, _friger[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to cool, -_frigus_, cold.] - -REFRINGE, r[=e]-frinj', _v.t._ to infringe.--_n._ R[=E]FRING'ENCY, -refractive power.--_adj._ R[=E]FRIN'GENT. - -REFT, reft, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _reave_. - -REFUGE, ref'[=u]j, _n._ that which affords shelter or protection: an asylum -or retreat: a resource or expedient.--_v.t._ to find shelter for.--_v.i._ -to take shelter.--_ns._ REFUG[=EE]', one who flees for refuge to another -country, esp. from religious persecution or political commotion; -REFUG[=EE]'ISM.--CITY OF REFUGE (see City); HOUSE OF REFUGE, an institution -for the shelter of the destitute. [Fr.,--L. _refugium_--_re-_, back, -_frug[)e]re_, to flee.] - -REFULGENCE, r[=e]-ful'jens, _n._ state of being refulgent: brightness: -brilliance--also R[=E]FUL'GENCY.--_adj._ R[=E]FUL'GENT, casting a flood of -light: shining: brilliant.--_adv._ R[=E]FUL'GENTLY. [Fr.,--L. _refulgens_, -_-entis_, pr.p. of _refulg[=e]re_--_re-_, inten., _fulg[=e]re_, to shine.] - -REFUND, r[=e]-fund', _v.t._ to repay: to restore: to return what has been -taken.--_ns._ REFUND'; REFUND'ER; REFUND'MENT. [Fr.,--L. _refund[)e]re_, -_refusum_--_re-_, back, _fund[)e]re_, to pour.] - -REFURBISH, r[=e]-fur'bish, _v.t._ to furbish again: to polish. - -REFURNISH, r[=e]-fur'nish, _v.t._ to furnish again: to supply or provide -anew. - -REFUSE, r[=e]-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to reject: to deny, as a request, &c.: to -disown: to fail to receive, to repel: (_mil._) to hold troops back from the -regular alignment.--_v.i._ to decline acceptance: not to comply.--_adj._ -REF[=U]'SABLE, capable of being refused.--_ns._ REF[=U]'SAL, denial of -anything requested: rejection: the right of taking in preference to others; -R[=E]F[=U]'SER. [Fr. _refuser_, prob. due to confusion of L. _refut[=a]re_, -to drive back, _recus[=a]re_, to make an objection against.] - -REFUSE, ref'[=u]s, _adj._ refused: worthless.--_n._ that which is rejected -or left as worthless: dross. - -REFUSE, r[=e]-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to melt again.--_n._ R[=E]F[=U]'SION, -repeated fusion or melting, as of metals: restoration. - -REFUTE, r[=e]-f[=u]t', _v.t._ to repel: to oppose: to disprove.--_n._ -R[=E]FUTABIL'ITY.--_adj._ R[=E]F[=U]'TABLE, that may be refuted or -disproved.--_adv._ R[=E]F[=U]'TABLY.--_n._ REFUT[=A]'TION, the act of -refuting or disproving.--_adj._ R[=E]F[=U]'T[=A]TORY, tending to refute: -refuting.--_n._ R[=E]F[=U]'TER, one who, or that which, refutes. [Fr. -_r['e]futer_--L. _refut[=a]re_--_re-_, back, root of _fund[)e]re_, -_futilis_.] - -REGAIN, r[=e]-g[=a]n, _v.t._ to gain back or again: to recover. - -REGAL, r[=e]'gal, _adj._ belonging to a king: kingly: royal.--_adv._ -R[=E]'GALLY. [Fr.,--L. _regalis_--_rex_, a king--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGAL, r[=e]'gal, _n._ a small portable organ used to support treble -voices.--Also RIG'OLE. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _regalis_, royal.] - -REGALE, r[=e]-g[=a]l', _v.t._ to entertain in a sumptuous manner: to -refresh: to gratify.--_v.i._ to feast.--_n._ a regal or magnificent -feast.--_ns._ REGALE'MENT, the act of regaling: entertainment: refreshment; -REG[=A]'LER. [Fr. _r['e]galer_, derived by Diez, like Sp. _regalar_, from -L. _regel[=a]re_, to thaw. Scheler prefers to connect with O. Fr. _galer_, -to rejoice (cf. _Gala_), and Skeat follows him.] - -REGALIA, r[=e]-g[=a]'li-a, _n.pl._ the ensigns of royalty: the crown, -sceptre, &c., esp. those used at a coronation: the rights and privileges of -kings: the distinctive symbols of a particular order.--_n._ -R[=E]G[=A]'L[=E], the power of the sovereign in ecclesiastical -affairs.--_adj._ R[=E]G[=A]'LIAN, regal, sovereign.--_ns._ R[=E]'GALISM, -R[=E]GAL'ITY, state of being regal: royalty: sovereignty: (_Scot._) a -territorial jurisdiction formerly conferred by the king.--_adv._ -R[=E]'GALLY. [Neut. pl. of L. _regalis_, royal.] - -REGALIA, r[=e]-g[=a]'lya, _n._ a superior Cuban cigar. - -REGARD, r[=e]-g[:a]rd', _v.t._ to observe particularly: to hold in respect -or affection: to pay attention to: to care for: to keep or observe: to -esteem: to consider as important or valuable: to have respect or relation -to.--_n._ (_orig._) look, gaze: attention with interest: observation: -respect: affection: repute: relation: reference: (_pl._) good -wishes.--_adjs._ REGAR'DABLE; REGAR'DANT, looking to: (_her._) looking -behind or backward.--_n._ REGAR'DER.--_adj._ REGARD'FUL, full of regard: -taking notice: heedful: attentive.--_adv._ REGARD'FULLY.--_n._ -REGARD'FULNESS.--_prep._ REGAR'DING, respecting, concerning.--_adj._ -REGARD'LESS, without regard: not attending: negligent: heedless.--_adv._ -REGARD'LESSLY.--_ns._ REGARD'LESSNESS; REGARD'-RING, a ring set with stones -whose initial letters make the word _regard_, as _r_uby, _e_merald, -_g_arnet, _a_methyst, _r_uby, _d_iamond.--AS REGARDS, with regard to; IN -REGARD OF, in view of; IN THIS REGARD, in this respect. [Fr. -_regarder_--_re-_, again, _garder_, to keep.] - -REGATHER, r[=e]-gath'[.e]r, _v.t._ to gather again. - -REGATTA, r[=e]-gat'a, _n._ a race of yachts: any rowing or sailing match. -[It. _regatta_, _rigatta_--Old It. _regattare_, to haggle, prob. a form of -It. _recatare_, to retail--L. _re-_, again, _capt[=a]re_, to catch.] - -REGELATION, r[=e]-j[=e]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of freezing anew.--_v.i._ -R[=E]'GEL[=A]TE, to freeze together. [L. _re-_, again, _gel[=a]re_, to -freeze.] - -REGENCY, r[=e]'jen-si, _n._ the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a -regent: a body entrusted with vicarious government.--_n._ R[=E]'GENCE -(_obs._), government. - -REGENERATE, r[=e]-jen'[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to produce anew: (_theol._) to -renew the heart and turn it to the love of God.--_adj._ regenerated, -renewed: changed from a natural to a spiritual state.--_ns._ -REGEN'ER[=A]CY, REGEN'ER[=A]TENESS, state of being _regenerate_.--_n._ -REGENER[=A]'TION, act of regenerating: state of being regenerated: -(_theol._) new birth, the change from a carnal to a Christian life: the -renewal of the world at the second coming of Christ.--_adj._ -REGEN'ER[=A]TIVE, pertaining to regeneration: renewal.--_adv._ -REGEN'ER[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ REGEN'ER[=A]TOR, a chamber filled with a -checker-work of fire-bricks, in which the waste heat is, by reversal of the -draught, alternately stored up and given out to the gas and air entering -the furnace.--_adj._ REGEN'ER[=A]TORY.--_n._ REGEN'ESIS, the state of being -renewed.--BAPTISMAL REGENERATION (see BAPTISE). [L. _regener[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to bring forth again--_re-_, again, _gener[=a]re_, to -generate.] - -REGENT, r[=e]'jent, _adj._ invested with interim or vicarious sovereign -authority.--_n._ one invested with interim authority: one who rules for the -sovereign: a college professor, as formerly in Scotland and elsewhere: a -master or doctor who takes part in the regular duties of instruction and -government in some universities.--_ns._ R[=E]'GENT-BIRD, an Australian bird -related to the bower-birds; R[=E]'GENTESS; R[=E]'GENTSHIP, office of a -regent: deputed authority. [Fr.,--L. _regens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of -_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGERMINATE, r[=e]-j[.e]r'min-[=a]t, _v.i._ to germinate or bud -again.--_n._ REGERMIN[=A]'TION. - -REGEST, r[=e]-jest', _v.t._ (_obs._) to throw back.--_n._ a register. - -REGET, r[=e]-get', _v.t._ to get or obtain again. - -REGIAN, r[=e]'ji-an, _n._ (_obs._) a royalist.--R[=E]'GIAM MAJEST[=A]'TEM, -a collection of ancient laws bearing to have been compiled by order of -David I. of Scotland, now generally believed to be a compilation from -Glanville's _Tractatus de legibus_. - -REGIBLE, rej'i-bl, _adj._ governable. - -REGICIDE, rej'i-s[=i]d, _n._ the murderer of a king--applied esp. to the -members of the High Court of Justice who sentenced Charles I. to -death.--_adj._ REGIC[=I]'DAL. [Fr.,--L. _rex_, _regis_, a king, -_caed[)e]re_, to kill.] - -REGIFUGIUM, r[=e]-ji-f[=u]'ji-um, _n._ an ancient Roman festival -commemorating the expulsion of the Tarquins. - -REGILD, r[=e]-gild', _v.t._ to gild again or anew. - -R['E]GIME, r[=a]-zh[=e]m', _n._ mode of ruling one's diet: form of -government: administration.--ANCIEN R['E]GIME, the political system that -prevailed in France before the Revolution of 1789. [Fr.,--L. -_regimen_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGIMEN, rej'i-men, _n._ rule prescribed: orderly government: any -regulation for gradual improvement: (_med._) rule of diet, habit with -regard to food: (_gram._) the government of one word by another: words -governed:--_pl._ REGIM'INA.--_adj._ REGIM'INAL. [L.] - -REGIMENT, rej'i-ment, _n._ a body of soldiers constituting the largest -permanent unit, commanded by a colonel: rule.--_v.t._ to form into a -regiment: to organise.--_adj._ REGIMENT'AL, relating to a -regiment.--_n.pl._ the uniform of a regiment.--_n._ REGIMENT[=A]'TION, -classification.--REGIMENTAL DISTRICT, the territory allotted to each -regiment for recruiting purposes. - -REGINA, r[=e]-j[=i]'na, _n._ (_U.S._) the striped water-snake. - -REGION, r[=e]'jun, _n._ a portion of land: country: any area or district, -with respect to fauna, flora, &c.: (_Shak._) rank, dignity: (_Shak._) the -elemental space between the earth and the moon's orbit.--_adj._ -R[=E]'GIONAL, topical: local: topographical.--_n._ R[=E]'GIONALISM, -sectionalism.--_adv._ R[=E]'GIONALLY.--_n._ REGION[=A]'RIUS, a title given -to R.C. ecclesiastics who have jurisdiction over certain districts of -Rome.--_adjs._ R[=E]'GIONARY; R[=E]GION'IC. [O. Fr.,--L. _regio_, -_regionis_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGISTER, rej'is-t[.e]r, _n._ a written record, regularly kept: the book -containing the register: that which registers or records: one who -registers, as the Scotch 'Lord Clerk Register:' that which regulates, as -the damper of a furnace or stove: a stop or range of pipes on the organ, -&c.: the compass of a voice or of a musical instrument: (_print._) exact -adjustment of position in the presswork of books printed on both -sides.--_v.t._ to enter in a register: to record.--_adjs._ REG'ISTERABLE, -REG'ISTRABLE, capable of being registered; REG'ISTERED, enrolled, as a -registered voter.--_ns._ REG'ISTER-GRATE, a grate with a shutter behind; -REG'ISTER-OFF'ICE, a record-office: an employment office; REG'ISTER-PLATE, -in rope-making, a disc having holes so arranged as to give the yarns -passing through them their proper position for entering into the general -twist; REG'ISTRANT, one who registers, esp. a trade-mark or patent; -REG'ISTRAR, one who keeps a register or official record; -REG'ISTRAR-GEN'ERAL, an officer having the superintendence of the -registration of all births, deaths, and marriages; REG'ISTRARSHIP, office -of a registrar.--_v.t._ REG'ISTR[=A]TE.--_ns._ REGISTR[=A]'TION, act of -registering: in organ-playing, the act of combining stops for the playing -of given pieces of music; REG'ISTRY, act of registering: place where a -register is kept: facts recorded.--REGISTRATION ACT, a statute of 1885 -extending the borough system of registration to county towns; REGISTRATION -OF BRITISH SHIPS, a duty imposed on ship-owners in order to secure to their -vessels the privileges of British ships; REGISTRATION OF COPYRIGHT, the -recording of the title of a book for the purpose of securing the copyright; -REGISTRATION OF TRADE-MARKS, the public system of registering such, with a -view to secure their exclusive use.--PARISH REGISTER, a book in which the -births, deaths, and marriages are inscribed; SHIP'S REGISTER, a document -showing the ownership of a vessel. [O. Fr. _registre_--Low L. _registrum_, -for L. _regestum_, pl. _regesta_--_re-_, back, _ger[)e]re_, to carry.] - -REGIUS, r[=e]'ji-us, _adj._ appointed by the Crown, as R[=E]'GIUS -PROFESS'OR, one whose chair was founded by Henry VIII.; in Scotland, any -professor whose chair was founded by the Crown.--R[=E]'GIUM D[=O]'NUM, an -annual grant of public money to Presbyterian and other nonconformist -ministers in England, Scotland, and esp. Ireland, where it only ceased in -1871. - -REGIVE, r[=e]-giv', _v.t._ to restore. - -REGLEMENT, reg'l-ment, _n._ (_Bacon_) regulation.--_adj._ REGLEMEN'TARY. -[Fr.] - -REGLET, reg'let, _n._ a flat, narrow moulding, used to separate panels, -&c.: a fillet: (_print._) a ledge of wood thicker than a lead, and used for -a like purpose.--_n._ REG'LET-PLANE, a plane for making printers' reglets. -[Fr., dim. of _r[`e]gle_--L. _regula_, a rule.] - -REGLOW, r[=e]-gl[=o]', _v.i._ to recalesce.--_n._ recalescence. - -REGMA, reg'ma, _n._ (_bot._) a capsule with two or more lobes, each of -which dehisces at maturity:--_pl._ REG'MATA. [Gr. _rh[=e]gma_, a fracture.] - -REGMACARP, reg'ma-k[:a]rp, _n._ any dehiscent fruit. - -REGNAL, reg'nal, _adj._ pertaining to the reign of a monarch.--_n._ -REG'NANCY, condition of being regnant: reign: predominance.--_adj._ -REG'NANT, reigning or ruling: predominant: exercising regal -authority.--_ns._ REG'NICIDE, the destroyer of a kingdom; REG'NUM, a badge -of royalty, esp. the early form of the pope's tiara.--REGNAL YEAR, the year -of a sovereign's reign. [L. _regnans_, _regnantis_, pr.p. of _regn[=a]re_, -_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGORGE, r[=e]-gorj', _v.t._ to swallow again: (_Milt._) to swallow -eagerly: to vomit, to throw back. - -REGRADE, r[=e]-gr[=a]d, _v.i._ (_obs._) to retire. - -REGRAFT, r[=e]-graft', _v.t._ to graft again. - -REGRANT, r[=e]-grant', _v.t._ to grant back.--_n._ a fresh grant. - -REGRATE, r[=e]-gr[=a]t', _v.t._ in masonry, to remove the outer surface so -as to give a fresh appearance. - -REGRATE, r[=e]-gr[=a]t', _v.t._ to buy and sell again in the same market, -thus raising the price--once a criminal offence in England.--_ns._ -REGR[=A]'TER, -TOR, a huckster who buys and sells provisions in the same -fair; REGR[=A]'TING. [O. Fr. _regrater_--Low L. _recatare_, to retail--L. -_re-_, back, _capt[=a]re_, to catch.] - -REGREDE, r[=e]-gr[=e]d', _v.i._ to retrograde.--_n._ REGR[=E]'DIENCE. - -REGREET, r[=e]-gr[=e]t', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to greet or salute again.--_n._ -(_Shak._) exchange of salutation. - -REGRESS, r[=e]-gres', _n._ passage back: return: power of returning: -re-entry.--_v.i._ to go back: to return to a former place or state: -(_astron._) to move from east to west.--_n._ REGRES'SION, act of going back -or returning.--_adj._ REGRESS'IVE, going back: returning.--_adv._ -REGRESS'IVELY, in a regressive manner: by return. [L. _regressus_, perf. p. -of _regredi_--_re-_, back, _gradi_, _gressus_, to step, go.] - -REGRET, r[=e]-gret', _v.t._ to grieve at: to remember with sorrow:--_pr.p._ -regret'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ regret'ted.--_n._ sorrow for anything: -concern: remorse: a written expression of regret.--_adj._ REGRET'FUL, full -of regret.--_adv._ REGRET'FULLY.--_adj._ REGRET'TABLE.--_adv._ -REGRET'TABLY. [O. Fr. _regrater_, to desire, prob. from L. _re-_, again, -and an Old Low Ger. form, appearing in A.S. _gr['ae]tan_, Goth. _gretan_, -to weep, Scot. _greet_. Others explain as from L. _re-_, in neg. sense, and -_gratus_, pleasing.] - -REGROWTH, r[=e]-gr[=o]th', _n._ a new growth. - -REGUERDON, r[=e]-g[.e]r'dun, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to reward.--_n._ (_Shak._) a -reward.--_n._ REGUER'DONMENT. - -REGULA, reg'[=u]-la, _n._ a book of rules for a religious house: -(_archit._) one of the bands under a Doric triglyph or between the canals -of the triglyphs:--_pl._ REG'ULAE (-l[=e]). [L. _regula_, a rule.] - -REGULAR, reg'[=u]-lar, _adj._ according to rule, or to law, order, custom, -established practice, or mode prescribed: in accordance with nature or art, -or the ordinary form or course of things: governed by rule: uniform: -periodical: unbroken: methodical, orderly, systematic: strict: pursued with -steadiness: straight: level: instituted according to established forms: -normal, natural: consistent: usual, customary: (_gram._) according to -ordinary rule, as 'regular verbs:' (_bot._) symmetrical in form: (_geom._) -having all the sides and angles equal: belonging to the permanent or -standing army--opp. to _Militia_ and _Volunteer_: (_coll._) thorough, out -and out, as 'a regular deception:' as opp. to _Secular_ in the R.C. Church, -denoting monks, friars, &c. under a monastic rule.--_n._ a soldier -belonging to the permanent army: a member of a religious order who has -taken the three ordinary vows: (_chron._) a number for each year, giving, -added to the concurrents, the number of the day of the week on which the -paschal full moon falls: a fixed number for each month serving to ascertain -the day of the week, or the age of the moon, on the first day of any -month.--_n.pl._ REGUL[=A]'RIA, the regular sea-urchins.--_n._ -REGULARIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ REG'ULARISE, to make regular.--_n._ -REGULAR'ITY, conformity to rule: method: uniformity.--_adv._ -REG'ULARLY.--_n._ REG'ULARNESS.--_v.t._ REG'UL[=A]TE, to make regular: to -adjust by rule: to subject to rules or restrictions: to put in good -order.--_ns._ REG'ULATING-SCREW, in organ-building, a screw by which the -dip of the digitals of the keyboard of an organ may be adjusted; -REGUL[=A]'TION, act of regulating: state of being regulated: a rule or -order prescribed: precept: law.--_adj._ REG'UL[=A]TIVE, tending to -regulate.--_n._ REG'UL[=A]TOR, one who, or that which, regulates: a lever -which regulates the motion of a watch, &c.: anything that regulates -motion.--_adj._ REG'UL[=A]TORY.--_n.fem._ REG'UL[=A]TRESS. [L. -_regularis_--_regula_, a rule--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REGULUS, reg'[=u]-lus, _n._ an intermediate and impure product in the -smelting of metallic ores: antimony: the golden-crested wren.--_adj._ -REG'ULINE.--_v.t._ REG'ULISE. [L., 'little king.'] - -REGUR, r[=e]'gur, _n._ the rich black cotton soil of India, full of organic -matter.--Also R[=E]'GAR. [Hind.] - -REGURGITATE, r[=e]-gur'ji-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to throw or pour back from a deep -place.--_v.i._ to be thrown or poured back:--_pr.p._ regur'git[=a]ting; -_pa.p._ regur'git[=a]ted.--_n._ REGURGIT[=A]'TION, the act of pouring or -flowing back. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _regurgit[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, back, -_gurges_, _gurgitis_, a gulf.] - -REH, r[=a], _n._ a saline efflorescence which comes to the surface in -extensive tracts of Upper India. - -REHABILITATE, r[=e]-ha-bil'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to reinstate, restore to former -privileges.--_n._ REHABILIT[=A]'TION, the act of restoring to forfeited -rights or privileges. [Fr. _r['e]habiliter_--L. _re-_, again, -_habilit[=a]re_--_hab[=e]re_, to have.] - -REHANDLE, r[=e]-hand'l, _v.t._ to remodel. - -REHASH, r[=e]-hash', _v.t._ to hash over again.--_n._ something made up of -materials formerly used. - -REHEAD, r[=e]-hed', _v.t._ to furnish with a head again. - -REHEAR, r[=e]-h[=e]r', _v.t._ to hear again: to try over again, as a -lawsuit.--_n._ REHEAR'ING. - -REHEARSAL, r[=e]-h[.e]r'sal, _n._ act of rehearsing: recital: recital and -performance for practice previous to public representation.--_v.t._ -REHEARSE', to repeat what has already been said: to narrate: to recite -before a public representation.--_ns._ REHEAR'SER; REHEAR'SING. [O. Fr. -_rehercer_, _reherser_--_re-_, again, _hercer_, to harrow--_herce_ (Fr. -_herse_), a harrow.] - -REHEAT, r[=e]-h[=e]t, _v.t._ to heat anew.--_n._ REHEAT'ER, an apparatus -for restoring heat to a body. - -REHEEL, r[=e]-h[=e]l', _v.t._ to supply a heel to a stocking, boot, &c. - -REHIBITION. See REDHIBITION. - -REHYBRIDISE, r[=e]-h[=i]'bri-d[=i]z, _v.t._ to cause to interbreed with a -different species. - -REHYPOTHECATE, r[=e]-h[=i]-poth'[=e]-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to lend as security -bonds already pledged.--_n._ REHYPOTHEC[=A]'TION. - -REICHSRATH, r[=i]hs'r[:a]t, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the western -part of the Austrian Empire, excluding Hungary, which has its own -parliament. - -REICHSTAG, r[=i]hs't[:a]h, _n._ the chief deliberative body in the German -Empire, exercising legislative power in conjunction with the _Bundesrath_: -the diet of the old German Empire. - -REIFICATION, r[=e]-if-i-k[=a]'shun, _n._ materialisation.--_v.t._ -R[=E]'IFY, to make real or material. - -REIGN, r[=a]n, _n._ rule: dominion, as Reign of Terror: royal authority: -supreme power: influence: time during which a sovereign rules.--_v.i._ to -rule: to have sovereign power: to be predominant. [Fr. _r[`e]gne_--L. -_regnum_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -REILLUMINATE, r[=e]-il-l[=u]'min-[=a]t, _v.t._ to illuminate or enlighten -again.--_n._ REILLUMIN[=A]'TION. - -REIMBURSE, r[=e]-im-burs', _v.t._ to refund: to pay an equivalent to for -loss or expense.--_adj._ REIMBURS'ABLE, capable of being repaid: intended -to be repaid.--_ns._ REIMBURSE'MENT, act of reimbursing; REIMBURS'ER, one -who reimburses. [Fr. _rembourser_--_re-_, back, _embourser_, to put in a -purse--_bourse_, a purse.] - -REIMPLACE, r[=e]-im-pl[=a]s', _v.t._ (_obs._) to replace. - -REIMPLANT, r[=e]-im-plant', _v.t._ to implant again.--_n._ -REIMPLANT[=A]'TION. - -REIMPORT, r[=e]-im-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to bring back: to import again.--_n._ -REIMPORT[=A]'TION. - -REIMPOSE, r[=e]-im-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to retax.--_n._ REIMPOSI'TION, the act -of reimposing: a tax levied anew. - -REIMPRESS, r[=e]-im-pres', _v.t._ to impress anew.--_n._ REIMPRES'SION, a -second or repeated impression: the reprint of a work.--_v.t._ REIMPRINT', -to print again. - -REIMPRISON, r[=e]-im-pris'n, _v.t._ to imprison again.--_n._ -REIMPRIS'ONMENT. - -REIN, r[=a]n, _n._ the strap of a bridle: an instrument for curbing or -governing: government.--_v.t._ to govern with the rein or bridle: to -restrain or control: to rein in, to curb.--_v.i._ to obey the rein.--_ns._ -REIN'-HOLD'ER, a clasp on the dash-board of a carriage for holding the -reins; REIN'-HOOK, a hook on a gig-saddle for holding the -bearing-rein.--_adj._ REIN'LESS, without rein or restraint.--_n._ -REINS'MAN, a skilful driver.--REIN UP, to bring a horse to a stop.--GIVE -THE REINS TO, to leave unchecked; TAKE THE REINS, to take the control. [O. -Fr. _reine_ (Fr. _r[^e]ne_), through Late L. _retina_, from _retin[=e]re_, -to hold back.] - -REINAUGURATE, r[=e]-in-aw'g[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to inaugurate again or anew. - -REINCARNATE, r[=e]-in-k[:a]r'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to embody anew.--_n._ -REINCARN[=A]'TION. - -REINCENSE, r[=e]-in-sens', _v.t._ to rekindle. - -REINCITE, r[=e]-in-s[=i]t', _v.t._ to reanimate. - -REINCORPORATE, r[=e]-in-kor'p[=o]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to incorporate or embody -again or anew. - -REINCREASE, r[=e]-in-kr[=e]s', _v.t._ to augment. - -REINCRUDATION, r[=e]-in-kr[=oo]-d[=a]'shun, _n._ recrudescence. - -REINDEER, r[=a]n'd[=e]r, _n._ a kind of deer in the north, valuable for the -chase and for domestic uses.--_n._ REIN'DEER-MOSS, a lichen, the winter -food of the reindeer. [Ice. _hreinn_, and Eng. _deer_.] - -REINFECT, r[=e]-in-fekt', _v.t._ to infect again.--_n._ REINFEC'TION. - -REINFLAME, r[=e]-in-fl[=a]m', _v.t._ to rekindle. - -REINFORCE, r[=e]-in-f[=o]rs', _v.t._ to enforce again: to strengthen with -new force or support: (_Spens._) to compel.--_ns._ REINFORCE'MENT, the act -of reinforcing: additional force or assistance, esp. of troops; -REINFOR'CER, any additional strengthening added to a thing.--_adj._ -REINFOR'CIBLE. - -REINFORM, r[=e]-in-form', _v.t._ to inform anew. - -REINFUND, r[=e]-in-fund', _v.t._ to flow in again. - -REINFUSE, r[=e]-in-f[=u]z', _v.t._ to infuse again. - -REINGRATIATE, r[=e]-in-gr[=a]'shi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to recommend again: to -favour. - -REINHABIT, r[=e]-in-hab'it, _v.t._ to inhabit again. - -REINOCULATION, r[=e]-in-ok-[=u]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ subsequent inoculation. - -REINS, r[=a]nz, _n.pl._ the kidneys: the lower part of the back over the -kidneys: (_B._) the inward parts: the heart. [O. Fr.,--L. _renes_.] - -REINSCRIBE, r[=e]-in-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to record a second time. - -REINSERT, r[=e]-in-s[.e]rt', _v.t._ to insert a second time.--_n._ -REINSER'TION. - -REINSPECT, r[=e]-in-spekt', _v.t._ to inspect again.--_n._ REINSPEC'TION. - -REINSPIRE, r[=e]-in-sp[=i]r', _v.t._ to inspire anew. - -REINSTALL, r[=e]-in-stawl', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to put again in possession: -(_Milt._) to seat again.--_n._ REINSTAL'MENT. - -REINSTATE, r[=e]-in-st[=a]t', _v.t._ to place in a former state.--_ns._ -REINST[=A]TE'MENT, REINST[=A]'TION, act of reinstating: re-establishment. - -REINSTRUCT, r[=e]-in-strukt', _v.t._ to instruct again. - -REINSURE, r[=e]-in-sh[=oo]r', _v.t._ to insure a second time by other -underwriters.--_ns._ REINSUR'ANCE; REINSUR'ER. - -REINTEGRATE, r[=e]-in'te-gr[=a]t, _v.t._ to bring into harmony.--_n._ -REINTEGR[=A]'TION. - -REINTER, r[=e]-in-ter', _v.t._ to bury again. - -REINTERROGATE, r[=e]-in-ter'[=o]-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to interrogate again.--_n._ -REINTERROG[=A]'TION. - -REINTRODUCE, r[=e]-in-tr[=o]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to introduce again.--_n._ -REINTRODUC'TION. - -REINVENT, r[=e]-in-vent', _v.t._ to create anew or independently.--_n._ -REINVEN'TION. - -REINVEST, r[=e]-in-vest', _v.t._ to invest again or a second time.--_n._ -REINVEST'MENT, act of reinvesting: a second investment. - -REINVESTIGATE, r[=e]-in-ves'ti-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to investigate again.--_n._ -REINVESTIG[=A]'TION. - -REINVIGORATE, r[=e]-in-vig'or-[=a]t, _v.t._ to invigorate again.--_n._ -REINVIGOR[=A]'TION. - -REINVITE, r[=e]-in-v[=i]t', to repeat an invitation.--_n._ -REINVIT[=A]'TION. - -REINVOLVE, r[=e]-in-volv', _v.t._ to involve anew. - -REIS, r[=a]s, _n._ a Portuguese money, of which 1000 make a milreis--4s. -5d. [Port., pl. of _real_.] - -REISSUE, r[=e]-ish'[=oo], _v.t._ to issue again.--_n._ a second -issue.--_adj._ REIS'SUABLE. - -REITER, r[=i]'t[.e]r, _n._ a German cavalry soldier. [Ger.] - -REITERATE, r[=e]-it'e-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to iterate or repeat again: to repeat -again and again.--_adj._ REIT'ERANT, reiterating.--_adv._ -REIT'ERATEDLY.--_n._ REITER[=A]'TION, act of reiterating.--_adj._ -REIT'ER[=A]TIVE (_gram._), a word signifying repeated action. - -REJECT, r[=e]-jekt', _v.t._ to throw away: to refuse: to renounce: to -despise.--_adjs._ REJEC'TABLE, REJEC'TIBLE.--_n.pl._ REJECTAMEN'TA, -excrement.--_ns._ REJEC'TER, -OR; REJEC'TION, act of rejecting: -refusal.--_adj._ REJEC'TIVE.--_n._ REJECT'MENT. [L. _rejic[)e]re_, -_rejectum_--_re-_, back, _jac[)e]re_, to throw.] - -REJOICE, r[=e]-jois', _v.i._ to feel and express joy again and again: to be -glad: to exult or triumph.--_v.t._ to make joyful: to gladden.--_ns._ -REJOICE'MENT, rejoicing; REJOIC'ER; REJOIC'ING, act of being joyful: -expression, subject, or experience of joy.--_adv._ REJOIC'INGLY, with joy -or exultation. [O. Fr. _resjoir_ (Fr. _r['e]jouir_)--_re-_, again, _jouir_, -to enjoy--_joie_, joy.] - -REJOIN, r[=e]-join', _v.t._ to join again: to unite what is separated: to -meet again.--_v.i._ to answer to a reply.--_ns._ REJOIN'DER, an answer -joined on to another, an answer to a reply: (_law_) the defendant's answer -to a plaintiff's _replication_; REJOIN'D[=U]RE (_Shak._), a joining again. - -REJOINT, r[=e]-joint', _v.t._ to joint anew: to fill up the joints of, as -with mortar. - -REJOLT, r[=e]-jolt', _v.t._ to shake anew.--_n._ a new shock. - -REJOURN, r[=e]-jurn', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to adjourn or postpone, to -defer.--_n._ REJOURN'MENT. [Fr. _r['e]ajourner_.] - -REJUDGE, r[=e]-juj', _v.t._ to re-examine. - -REJUVENATE, r[=e]-j[=oo]'ve-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to renew: to make young -again.--_n._ REJUVEN[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ REJUVENESCE', to grow young -again.--_n._ REJUVENES'CENCE, growing young again: (_biol._) a -transformation whereby the entire protoplasm of a vegetative cell changes -into a cell of a different character.--_adj._ REJUVENES'CENT.--_v.t._ -REJU'VENISE, to rejuvenate. [L. _re-_, again, and _juvenescent_.] - -REKINDLE, r[=e]-kin'dl, _v.t._ to kindle again: to set on fire or arouse -anew.--_v.i._ to take fire anew. - -RELAIS, re-l[=a]', _n._ (_fort._) a walk left within a rampart to keep -earth from falling into the ditch. [Fr.] - -RELAPSE, r[=e]-laps', _v.i._ to slide, sink, or fall back: to return to a -former state of practice: to backslide.--_n._ a falling back into a former -bad state: (_med._) the return of a disease after convalescence.--_n._ -RELAP'SER.--_adj._ RELAP'SING. [L. _relabi_, _relapsus_--_re-_, back, -_labi_, to slide.] - -RELATE, r[=e]-l[=a]t', _v.t._ to describe: to tell: to ally by connection -or kindred.--_v.i._ to have reference: to refer.--_adj._ REL[=A]'TED, -allied or connected by kindred or blood.--_ns._ REL[=A]'TEDNESS; -REL[=A]'TER, -OR, one who relates; REL[=A]'TION, act of relating or -telling: recital: that which is related: mutual connection between two -things, analogy: resemblance, affinity: connection by birth or marriage: a -person related by blood or marriage, a relative.--_adj._ REL[=A]'TIONAL, -having relation: exhibiting some relation.--_ns._ REL[=A]TIONAL'ITY; -REL[=A]'TIONISM, the doctrine that relations have a real existence; -REL[=A]'TIONIST; REL[=A]'TIONSHIP; REL[=A]'TOR (_law_), an informant on -whose behalf certain writs are issued:--_fem._ REL[=A]'TRIX. [O. Fr.,--L. -_referre_, _relatum_--_re-_, back, _ferre_, to carry.] - -RELATIVE, rel'a-tiv, _adj._ having relation: respecting: not absolute or -existing by itself: considered as belonging to something else: (_gram._) -expressing relation.--_n._ that which has relation to something else: a -relation: (_gram._) a pronoun which relates to something before, called its -antecedent.--_adj._ RELAT[=I]'VAL (or REL'ATIVAL).--_adv._ -REL'ATIVELY.--_ns._ REL'ATIVENESS, RELATIV'ITY.--RELATIVITY OF HUMAN -KNOWLEDGE, the doctrine that the nature and extent of our knowledge is -determined not merely by the qualities of the objects known, but -necessarily by the conditions of our cognitive powers. - -RELAX, r[=e]-laks', _v.t._ to loosen one thing away from another: to -slacken: to make less close, tense, or rigid: to make less severe: to -relieve from attention or effort: to divert: to open or loosen, as the -bowels: to make languid.--_v.i._ to become less close: to become less -severe: to attend less.--_adj._ RELAX'ABLE.--_ns._ RELAX'ANT, a relaxing -medicine; RELAX[=A]'TION, act of relaxing: state of being relaxed: -remission of application: unbending: looseness.--_adj._ RELAX'ATIVE. -[Fr.,--L. _relax[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, away from, _lax[=a]re_, to -loosen--_laxus_, loose.] - -RELAY, r[=e]-l[=a]', _n._ a supply of horses, &c., to relieve others on a -journey: a fresh set of dogs in hunting: a shift of men: a supplementary -store of anything: (_electr._) an apparatus by which the current of the -receiving telegraphic station is strengthened. [O. Fr. -_relais_--_relaisser_--L. _relax[=a]re_, to loosen.] - -RELAY, r[=e]-l[=a]', _v.t._ to lay again, as a pavement. - -RELEASE, r[=e]-l[=e]s', _v.t._ to grant a new lease of.--_ns._ -RELEAS[=EE]', RELESS[=EE]', the one to whom a release is granted; -RELEAS'OR, RELESS'OR, one who grants a release. - -RELEASE, r[=e]-l[=e]s', _v.t._ to let loose from: to set free: to discharge -from: to relieve: to let go, give up a right to.--_n._ a setting free: -discharge or acquittance: the giving up of a claim: liberation from -pain.--_adj._ RELEAS'ABLE.--_ns._ RELEASE'MENT (_Milt._), act of releasing -or discharging; RELEAS'ER, -OR, RELESS'OR, one who executes a release. [O. -Fr. _relaissier_--L. _lax[=a]re_, to relax.] - -RELEGATE, rel'e-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to send away, to consign: to exile: to -dismiss: to remit.--_n._ RELEG[=A]'TION. [L. _releg[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_re-_, away, _leg[=a]re_, to send.] - -RELENT, r[=e]-lent', _v.i._ to slacken, to soften or grow less severe: to -grow tender: to feel compassion.--_adj._ soft-hearted: yielding.--_n._ -(_Spens._) relenting.--_adjs._ RELENT'ING, inclining to yield: too soft; -RELENT'LESS, without relenting: without tenderness or compassion: -merciless.--_adv._ RELENT'LESSLY.--_ns._ RELENT'LESSNESS; RELENT'MENT, the -state of relenting: relaxation: compassion. [O. Fr. _ralentir_, to -retard--L. _relentesc[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _lentus_, pliant.] - -RELET, r[=e]-let', _v.t._ to let again, as a house. - -RELEVANCY, rel'e-van-si, _n._ state of being relevant: pertinence: -applicability: obvious relation: (_Scots law_) sufficiency for a -decision--the arguments and evidence in point of law and of fact against -and in favour of the accused--also REL'EVANCE.--_adj._ REL'EVANT, bearing -upon, or applying to, the purpose: pertinent: related: sufficient legally. -[Fr., pr.p. of _relever_, to raise again--L. _relev[=a]re_, to relieve.] - -RELEVATION, rel-e-v[=a]'shun, _n._ (_obs._) a raising up. - -RELIABLE, r[=e]-l[=i]'a-bl, _adj._ that may be relied upon: -trustworthy.--_ns._ RELIABIL'ITY, REL[=I]'ABLENESS.--_adv._ -REL[=I]'ABLY.--_n._ REL[=I]'ANCE, trust: confidence.--_adj._ REL[=I]'ANT, -confident in one's self. [_Rely_.] - -RELIC, rel'ik, _n._ that which is left after loss or decay of the rest: a -corpse (gener. _pl._): (_R.C._) any personal memorial of a reputed saint, -to be held in reverence as an incentive to faith and piety: a memorial, a -souvenir: a monument.--_n._ REL'IC-MONG'ER, one who traffics in relics. -[Fr. _relique_--L. _reliquiae_--_relinqu[)e]re_, _relictum_, to leave -behind.] - -RELICT, rel'ikt, _n._ a woman surviving her husband, a widow. [L. -_relicta_--_relinqu[)e]re_.] - -RELICTED, r[=e]-lik'ted, _adj._ (_law_) left bare, as land by the permanent -retrocession of water.--_n._ RELIC'TION, land left bare by water: the -recession of water. - -RELIEF, r[=e]-l[=e]f', _n._ the removal of any evil: release from a post or -duty, replacement: one who replaces another: that which relieves or -mitigates: aid: assistance to a pauper, as _outdoor relief_: a certain fine -or composition paid by the heir of a tenant at the death of the ancestor: -(_fine art_) the projection of a sculptured design from its ground, as _low -relief_ (_bas-relief_, _basso-rilievo_), _middle relief_ (_mezzo-rilievo_), -and _high relief_ (_alto-rilievo_), according as the carved figures project -very little, in a moderate degree, or in a very considerable degree from -the background: a work of art executed in relief: (_her._) the supposed -projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on -the sinister and lower sides: the condition of land surfaces as regards -elevations and depressions--as indicated in a RELIEF'-MAP, in which the -form of the country is expressed by elevations and depressions of the -material used.--_ns._ RELIEF'-PERSPEC'TIVE, the art of applying the -principles of perspective to relief in painting and sculpture, in -theatrical settings, &c.; RELIEF'-WORK, public work to provide employment -for the poor in times of distress.--RELIEF CHURCH, a body who left the -Established Church of Scotland on account of the oppressive exercise of -patronage, organised in 1761, uniting with the United Secession Church in -1847 to form the United Presbyterian Church. [O. Fr. _relef_--_relever_, to -raise up--L. _re-_, again, _lev[=a]re_, to raise.] - -RELIEVE, r[=e]-l[=e]v', _v.t._ to remove from that which weighs down or -depresses: to lessen: to ease: to help: to release: to support: to -mitigate: to raise the siege of: (_art_) to set off by contrast: (_law_) to -redress.--_adj._ RELIEV'ABLE.--_n._ RELIEV'ER, one who, or that which, -relieves: (_slang_) a garment kept for being lent out.--_adj._ RELIEV'ING, -serving to relieve: (_naut._) a temporary tackle attached to the tiller of -a vessel in a storm.--RELIEVING ARCH, an arch in a wall to relieve the part -below it from a superincumbent weight; RELIEVING OFFICER, a salaried -official who superintends the relief of the poor. [O. Fr. _relever_, to -raise again--L. _relev[=a]re_--_re-_, again, _lev[=a]re_, to -raise--_levis_, light.] - -RELIEVO, RILIEVO, r[=e]-ly[=a]'v[=o], _n._ See ALTO-RELIEVO, BAS-RELIEF. - -RELIGHT, r[=e]-l[=i]t', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to light or take light anew. - -RELIGION, r[=e]-lij'un, _n._ the recognition of supernatural powers and of -the duty lying upon man to yield obedience to these: the performance of our -duties of love and obedience towards God: piety: any system of faith and -worship: sense of obligation or duty.--_ns._ RELIG'IONER, -RELIG'IONARY.--_v.t._ RELIG'IONISE, to imbue with religion.--_v.i._ to make -profession of religion.--_ns._ RELIG'IONISM, RELIGIOS'ITY, religiousness, -religious sentimentality; RELIG'IONIST, one attached to a religion: a -bigot.--_adj._ RELIG'IONLESS, having no religion.--_adv._ RELIGI[=O]'SO -(_mus._), in a devotional manner.--ESTABLISHED RELIGION, that form which is -officially recognised by the state; NATURAL RELIGION, that religion which -is derived from nature and not revelation; REVEALED RELIGION, that which is -derived from positive revelation by divinely inspired Scripture, or -otherwise. [L. _religio_, _-onis_--_re-_, back, _lig[=a]re,_ to bind.] - -RELIGIOUS, r[=e]-lij'us, _adj._ pertaining to religion: concerned with or -set apart to religion, as a religious society, religious books: pious: -godly: (_R.C._) bound to a monastic life: strict.--_n._ one bound by -monastic vows.--_ns._ RELIGIEUSE (r[.e]-l[=e]-zhi-[.e]z'), a nun; RELIGIEUX -(r[.e]-l[=e]-zhi-[.e]'), a monk.--_adv._ RELIG'IOUSLY.--_n._ -RELIG'IOUSNESS, the state of being religious. - -RELINQUISH, r[=e]-ling'kwish, _v.t._ to abandon: to give up: to renounce a -claim to.--_adj._ RELIN'QUENT, relinquishing.--_ns._ RELIN'QUISHER; -RELIN'QUISHMENT, act of giving up. [O. Fr. _relinquir_--L. _relinqu[)e]re_, -_relictum_--_re-_, away from, _linqu[)e]re_, to leave.] - -RELIQUARY, rel'i-kw[=a]-ri, _n._ a small chest or casket for holding -relics: (_law_) one who owes a balance.--Also RELIQUAIRE'. [Fr. -_reliquaire_; cf. _Relic_.] - -RELIQUE, re-l[=e]k', _n._ a relic.--_n.pl._ RELIQUIAE (r[=e]-lik'wi-[=e]), -remains, esp. of fossil organisms: (_archaeology_) artifacts, or things -made or modified by human art. - -RELIQUIDATE, r[=e]-lik'wi-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to adjust anew.--_n._ -RELIQUID[=A]'TION. - -RELISH, rel'ish, _v.t._ to like the taste of: to be pleased with: to -enjoy.--_v.i._ to have an agreeable taste: to give pleasure.--_n._ an -agreeable peculiar taste or quality: enjoyable quality: power of pleasing: -inclination or taste for: appetite: just enough to give a flavour: a -sauce.--_adj._ REL'ISHABLE. [O. Fr. _relecher_, to lick again, from _re-_, -again, _lecher_--L. _re-_, again, and Old High Ger. _lech[=o]n_, lick.] - -RELISTEN, r[=e]-lis'n, _v.i._ to listen again or anew. - -RELIVE, r[=e]-liv', _v.i._ to live again.--_v.t._ (_Spens._) to bring back -to life. - -RELOAD, r[=e]-l[=o]d', _v.t._ to load again. - -RELOCATE, r[=e]-l[=o]'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to locate again.--_n._ RELOC[=A]'TION, -the act of relocating: renewal of a lease. - -RELOVE, r[=e]-luv', _v.t._ to love in return. - -RELUCENT, r[=e]-l[=u]'sent, _adj._ shining: bright. - -RELUCTANT, r[=e]-luk'tant, _adj._ struggling or striving against: -unwilling: disinclined.--_v.i._ R[=E]LUCT', to make resistance.--_ns._ -RELUC'TANCE, RELUC'TANCY, state of being reluctant: unwillingness.--_adv._ -RELUC'TANTLY.--_v.i._ RELUC'T[=A]TE, to be reluctant.--_n._ -RELUCT[=A]'TION, repugnance. [L. _reluctans_, _-antis_, pr.p. of -_reluct[=a]ri_--_re-_, against, _luct[=a]ri_, to struggle.] - -RELUME, r[=e]-l[=u]m', _v.t._ to light anew, to rekindle:--_pr.p._ -rel[=u]m'ing; _pa.p._ rel[=u]med'.--_v.t._ REL[=U]'MINE (_Shak._), to -relume, light anew. [Fr. _relumer_--L. _re-_, again, _lumen_, light.] - -RELY, r[=e]-l[=i]', _v.i._ to rest or repose: to have full confidence in: -to lean:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ relied'.--_n._ REL[=I]'ER. [Acc. to Skeat, -compounded from _re-_, back, and _lie_, to rest. Others explain as O. Fr. -_relier_--L. _relig[=a]re_, to bind back.] - -REMAIN, r[=e]-m[=a]n', _v.i._ to stay or be left behind: to continue in the -same place: to be left after or out of a greater number: to continue in an -unchanged form or condition: to last.--_n._ stay: abode: what is left, esp. -in _pl._ REMAINS', a corpse: the literary productions of one dead.--_n._ -REMAIN'DER, that which remains or is left behind after the removal of a -part: the balance: an interest in an estate to come into effect after a -certain other event happens: that which remains of an edition when the sale -of a book has practically ceased.--_adj._ left over. [O. Fr. -_remaindre_--L. _reman[=e]re_--_re-_, back, _man[=e]re_, to stay.] - -REMAKE, r[=e]-m[=a]k', _v.t._ to make anew. - -REMANATION, r[=e]-ma-n[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of returning: reabsorption. -[L. _reman[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to flow back.] - -REMAND, r[=e]-mand, _v.t._ to recommit or send back.--_n._ state or act of -being remanded or recommitted, as a prisoner.--_n._ REM'ANENCE, REM'ANENCY, -permanence.--_adj._ REM'ANENT, remaining: (_Scot._) additional.--_ns._ -REMANES'CENCE, a residuum; REM'ANET, a postponed case. [O. Fr. -_remander_--L. _remand[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _mand[=a]re_, to order.] - -REMARK, r[=e]-m[:a]rk', _v.t._ to mark or take notice of: to express what -one thinks or sees: to say.--_n._ words regarding anything: notice: any -distinguishing mark on an engraving or etching indicating a certain state -of the plate before completion, also a print or proof bearing this special -remark--also REMARQUE'.--_adj._ REMARK'ABLE, deserving remark or notice: -distinguished: famous: that may excite admiration or wonder: strange: -extraordinary.--_n._ REMARK'ABLENESS.--_adv._ REMARK'ABLY.--_adj._ -REMARKED', conspicuous: bearing a remark, as an etching.--_n._ REMARK'ER. -[O. Fr. _remarquer_--_re-_, inten., _marquer_, to mark.] - -RE-MARK, r[=e]-m[:a]rk', _v.t._ to mark a second time. - -REMARRY, r[=e]-mar'i, _v.t._ to marry again.--_n._ REMARR'IAGE. - -REMASTICATE, r[=e]-mas'ti-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to ruminate.--_n._ -REMASTIC[=A]'TION. - -REMBLAI, rong-bl[=a]', _n._ (_fort._) the materials used to form the -rampart and parapet: the mass of earth brought to form a railway -embankment, &c. [Fr.] - -REMBLE, rem'bl, _v.t._ (_prov._) to remove. - -REMBRANDTESQUE, rem-bran-tesk', _adj._ like _Rembrandt_ (1607-1669), esp. -in his characteristic contrast of high lights and deep shadows, and in his -treatment of chiaroscuro.--Also REM'BRANDTISH. - -REMEANT, r[=e]'m[=e]-ant, _adj._ (_rare_) coming back. [L. -_reme[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _me[=a]re_, to go.] - -REMEASURE, r[=e]-mezh'[=u]r, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to measure anew. - -REMEDY, rem'e-di, _n._ any medicine, appliance, or particular treatment -that cures disease: that which counteracts any evil or repairs any -loss--(_obs._) REM[=E]DE'.--_v.t._ to remove, counteract, or -repair:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rem'edied.--_adj._ REM[=E]'DIABLE, that may be -remedied: curable.--_n._ REM[=E]'DIABLENESS.--_adv._ -REM[=E]'DIABLY.--_adj._ REM[=E]'DIAL, tending to remedy or remove.--_adv._ -REM[=E]'DIALLY.--_adjs._ REM[=E]'DI[=A]TE (_Shak._), remedial; REM'EDILESS, -without remedy: incurable.--_adv._ REM'EDILESSLY.--_n._ -REM'EDILESSNESS.--_p.adj._ REM'EDYING. [O. Fr. _remede_--L. -_remedium_--_re-_, back, _med[=e]ri_, to restore.] - -REMEMBER, r[=e]-mem'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to keep in mind: to recall to mind: to -recollect: (_B._) to meditate on: (_Shak._) to mention: to bear in mind -with gratitude and reverence: to attend to: to give money for service -done.--_adj._ REMEM'BERABLE, that may be remembered.--_adv._ -REMEM'BERABLY.--_ns._ REMEM'BERER; REMEM'BRANCE, memory: that which serves -to bring to or keep in mind: a memorial: the power of remembering: the -length of time a thing can be remembered; REMEM'BRANCER, that which -reminds: a recorder: an officer of exchequer.--REMEMBER ONE TO, to commend -one to. [O. Fr. _remembrer_--L. _rememor[=a]re_--_re-_, again, -_memor[=a]re_, to call to mind--_memor_, mindful.] - -REMERCIE, REMERCY, r[=e]-m[.e]r'si, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to thank. [O. Fr. -_remercier_, _re-_, again, _mercier_, to thank, _merci_, thanks.] - -REMERGE, r[=e]-m[.e]rj', _v.t._ (_Tenn._) to merge again. - -REMEX, r[=e]'meks, _n._ one of the flight-feathers of a bird:--_pl._ -REM'IG[=E]S. [L., 'a rower'--_remus_, an oar, _ag[)e]re_, to move.] - -REMIFORM, rem'i-form, _adj._ shaped like an oar.--_adj._ REM'IGABLE, -capable of being rowed upon. [L. _remus_, an oar, _forma_, form, -_ag[)e]re_, to move.] - -REMIGIA, r[=e]-mij'i-a, _n._ a genus of noctuid moths.--_adj._ REMIG'IAL. - -REMIGRATE, r[=e]-m[=i]'gr[=a]t, _v.i._ to migrate again.--_n._ -REMIGR[=A]'TION. - -REMIND, r[=e]-m[=i]nd', _v.t._ to bring to the mind of again: to bring -under the notice or consideration of.--_n._ REMIND'ER, one who, or that -which, reminds.--_adj._ REMIND'FUL, tending to remind: calling to mind. - -REMINISCENCE, rem-i-nis'ens, _n._ recollection: an account of what is -remembered: the recurrence to the mind of the past.--_n._ REMINIS'CENT, one -who calls past events to mind.--_adj._ capable of calling to mind.--_adjs._ -REMINISCEN'TIAL, REMINIS'CITORY, tending to remind. [Fr.,--Low L. -_reminiscentiae_, recollections--L. _reminisci_, to recall to mind.] - -REMIPED, rem'i-ped, _adj._ oar-footed.--_n._ one of an order of insects -having feet adapted for swimming. [L. _remus_, an oar, _pes_, _pedis_, a -foot.] - -REMISE, r[=e]-m[=i]z', _v.t._ to send or give back: to release, as a -claim.--_n._ (_law_) return or surrender, as of a claim: an effective -second thrust after the first has missed: a livery-carriage. [O. Fr.,--Low -L. _remissa_, a pardon--L. _remitt[)e]re_, _remissum_, to remit.] - -REMISS, r[=e]-mis', _adj._ remitting in attention, &c.: negligent: not -punctual: slack: not vigorous.--_adj._ REMISS'FUL, tending to remit or -forgive: lenient.--_n._ REMISSIBIL'ITY.--_adj._ REMISS'IBLE, that may be -remitted or pardoned.--_n._ REMIS'SION, slackening: abatement: -relinquishment of a claim: release: pardon: remission of sins: the -forgiveness of sins.--_adj._ REMISS'IVE, remitting: forgiving.--_adv._ -REMISS'LY.--_n._ REMISS'NESS.--_adj._ REMISS'ORY, pertaining to remission. -[O. Fr. _remis_--L. _remissus_, slack--_remitt[)e]re_, to remit.] - -REMIT, r[=e]-mit', _v.t._ to relax: to pardon: to resign: to restore: to -transmit, as money, &c.: to put again in custody: to transfer from one -tribunal to another: to refer for information.--_v.i._ to abate in force or -violence:--_pr.p._ remit'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ remit'ted.--_n._ (_law_) -a communication from a superior court to one subordinate.--_ns._ -REMIT'MENT, act of remitting; REMIT'TAL, a remitting: surrender; -REMIT'TANCE, that which is remitted: the sending of money, &c., to a -distance: also the sum or thing sent; REMITT[=EE]', the person to whom a -remittance is sent.--_adj._ REMIT'TENT, increasing and remitting, or -abating alternately, as a disease.--_ns._ REMIT'TER, one who makes a -remittance; REMIT'TOR (_law_), a remitting to a former right or -title--(_obs._) REMIT'TER. [O. Fr. _remettre_--L. _remitt[)e]re_, -_remissum_--_re-_, back, _mitt[)e]re_, to send.] - -REMNANT, rem'nant, _n._ that which remains behind after a part is removed, -of a web of cloth, &c.: remainder: a fragment. [O. Fr. _remenant_, -remainder.] - -REMOBOTH, rem'[=o]-both, _n._ a class of isolated hermit societies in Syria -which would be bound by no rule, after the regulation of monasticism by -Pachomius and Basil--like the Sarabaites in Egypt. - -REMODEL, r[=e]-mod'l, _v.t._ to model or fashion anew. - -REMODIFICATION, r[=e]-mod-i-fi-k[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of modifying -again.--_v.t._ REMOD'IFY, to mould anew. - -REMOLADE, r[=e]-mo-lad', _n._ a kind of salad-dressing. [Fr.] - -REMOLECULISATION, r[=e]-mol-ek'u-l[=i]-z[=a]-shun, _n._ a rearrangement of -the molecules leading to the formation of new compounds. - -REMOLLIENT, r[=e]-mol'i-ent, _adj._ mollifying. - -REMOLTEN, r[=e]-m[=o]lt'n, _p.adj._ melted again. - -REMONETISE, r[=e]-mon'e-t[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore to circulation in the -form of money.--_n._ REMONETIS[=A]'TION. - -REMONSTRANCE, r[=e]-mon'strans, _n._ strong statement of reasons against an -act: expostulation.--_adj._ REMON'STRANT, inclined to remonstrate.--_n._ -one who remonstrates.--_adv._ REMON'STRANTLY.--_n.pl._ REMON'STRANTS, the -Dutch Arminians whose divergence from Calvinism was expressed in five -articles in the Remonstrance of 1610.--_v.i._ REMON'STR[=A]TE, to set forth -strong reasons against a measure.--_n._ REMONSTR[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ -REMON'STRATIVE, REMON'STRATORY, expostulatory.--_n._ -REMON'STR[=A]TOR.--GRAND REMONSTRANCE, a famous statement of abuses -presented to Charles I. by the House of Commons in 1641. [L. _re-_, again, -_monstr[=a]re_, to point out.] - -REMONTANT, r[=e]-mon'tant, _adj._ blooming a second time.--_n._ a flower -which blooms twice in a season. - -REMORA, rem'[=o]-ra, _n._ the sucking-fish, a genus not far removed from -mackerel: an obstacle: a stoppage: (_her._) a serpent. - -REMORSE, r[=e]-mors', _n._ the gnawing pain of anguish or guilt: (_obs._) -pity, softening.--_v.t._ REMORD' (_obs._), to strike with remorse.--_n._ -REMORD'ENCY, compunction.--_adj._ REMORSE'FUL, full of remorse: -compassionate.--_adv._ REMORSE'FULLY.--_n._ REMORSE'FULNESS, the state of -being remorseful.--_adj._ REMORSE'LESS, without remorse: cruel.--_adv._ -REMORSE'LESSLY.--_n._ REMORSE'LESSNESS. [O. Fr. _remors_ (Fr. -_remords_)--Low L. _remorsus_--L. _remord[=e]re_, _remorsum_, to bite -again--_re-_, again, _mord[=e]re_, to bite.] - -REMOTE, r[=e]-m[=o]t', _adj._ moved back to a distance in time or place: -far: distant: primary, as a cause: not agreeing: not nearly -related.--_adv._ REMOTE'LY.--_ns._ REMOTE'NESS; REM[=O]'TION (_Shak._), act -of removing: remoteness. [_Remove._] - -REMOULD, r[=e]-m[=o]ld', _v.t._ to mould or shape anew. - -REMOUNT, r[=e]-mownt', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to mount again.--_n._ a fresh -horse, or supply of horses. - -REMOVE, r[=e]-m[=oo]v', _v.t._ to put from its place: to take away: to -withdraw: to displace: to make away with.--_v.i._ to go from one place to -another.--_n._ any indefinite distance: a step in any scale of gradation, -as promotion from one class to another, also a class or division: a dish to -be changed while the rest remain: (_Shak._) the raising of a siege, a -posting-stage.--_n._ REMOVABIL'ITY.--_adj._ REMO'VABLE, that may be -removed.--_adv._ REMO'VABLY.--_n._ REMO'VAL, the act of taking away: -displacing: change of place: a euphemism for murder.--_adj._ REMOVED' -(_Shak._), remote: distant by degrees of relationship.--_ns._ REMO'VEDNESS -(_Shak._), the state of being removed: remoteness; REMO'VER, one who -removes: (_Bacon_) an agitator.--REMOVAL TERMS (_Scot._), Whitsunday and -Martinmas. [O. Fr.,--L. _remov[=e]re_, _rem[=o]tum_--_re-_, away, -_mov[=e]re_, to move.] - -REMPLI, rong-pl[=e]', _adj._ (_her._) having another tincture than its own -covering the greater part. [Fr.] - -REMPLISSAGE, rong-pl[=e]-s[:a]zh', _n._ padding. [Fr.] - -REMUNERATE, r[=e]-m[=u]'n[.e]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to render an equivalent for -any service: to recompense.--_n._ REMUNERABIL'ITY, capability of being -rewarded.--_adj._ REM[=U]'NERABLE, that may be remunerated: worthy of being -rewarded.--_n._ REMUNER[=A]'TION, reward: recompense: requital.--_adj._ -REM[=U]'NERATIVE, fitted to remunerate: lucrative: yielding due -return.--_n._ REM[=U]'NERATIVENESS.--_adj._ REM[=U]'NERATORY, giving a -recompense. [L. _remuner[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, in return, -_muner[=a]re_, to give something--_munus_, _mun[)e]ris_, a gift.] - -REMURMUR, r[=e]-mur'mur, _v.t._ to murmur again: to repeat in low -sounds.--_v.i._ to murmur back. - -REMUTATION, r[=e]-m[=u]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ alteration to a previous form. - -RENAISSANCE, re-n[=a]'sans, _n._ a new birth: the period (in the 15th -century) at which the revival of arts and letters took place, marking the -transition from the Middle Ages to the modern world--hence 'Renaissance -architecture,' &c.--_adj._ relating to the foregoing. [Fr.; cf. -_Renascent_.] - -RENAL, r[=e]-nal, _adj._ pertaining to the reins or kidneys.--_n._ REN, the -kidney:--_pl._ RENES (r[=e]'nez). [L. _renalis_--_renes_, the kidneys.] - -RENAME, r[=e]-n[=a]m', _v.t._ to give a new name to. - -RENARD=_Reynard_ (q.v.). - -RENASCENT, r[=e]-nas'ent, _adj._ rising again into being.--_ns._ -RENAS'CENCE, RENAS'CENCY, the same as RENAISSANCE.--_adj._ RENAS'CIBLE, -capable of being reproduced. [L. _renascens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of -_renasci_--_re-_, again, _nasci_, to be born.] - -RENATE, r[=e]-n[=a]t', _adj._ (_obs._) born again: renewed. - -RENAVIGATE, re-nav'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to navigate again. - -RENCOUNTER, ren-kownt'[.e]r, RENCONTRE, r[:a]ng-kong'tr, _n._ a meeting in -contest: a casual combat: a collision.--_v.t._ to encounter. [Fr. -_rencontre_.] - -REND, rend, _v.t._ to tear asunder with force: to split: to tear -away.--_v.i._ to become torn: _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rent. [A.S. _rendan_, to -tear.] - -RENDER, ren'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to give up: to make up: to deliver, furnish, -present: to cause to become: to translate into another language: to perform -officially, as judgment: to cause to be: to reproduce, as music: to -clarify: to plaster without the use of lath.--_n._ a surrender: a payment -of rent: an account given.--_adj._ REN'DERABLE.--_ns._ REN'DERER; -REN'DERING, the act of rendering: version: translation: interpretation; -RENDI'TION, the act of surrendering, as fugitives from justice: -translation.--_adj._ REND'IBLE, capable of being yielded up, or of being -translated. [O. Fr. _rendre_--L. _redd[)e]re_--_re-_, away, _d[)a]re_, to -give.] - -RENDEZVOUS, ren'de-v[=oo], or r[:a]ng'-, _n._ an appointed place of -meeting, esp. for troops or ships: a place for enlistment: a refuge:--_pl._ -REN'DEZVOUS.--_v.i._ to assemble at any appointed place. [Fr. _rendez -vous_, render yourselves--_rendre_, to render.] - -RENEGADE, ren'[=e]-g[=a]d, _n._ one faithless to principle or party: an -apostate: a deserter--also RENEG[=A]'DO.--_n._ REN'EGATE, a -renegade.--_adj._ apostate, traitorous.--_n._ RENEG[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ and -_v.i._ REN[=E]GE' (_Shak._), to deny, disown: to revoke at cards--also -RENIG' (_U.S._).--_n._ REN[=E]'GER (_obs._). [Sp.,--Low L. _renegatus_--L. -_re-_, inten., _neg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to deny.] - -RENERVE, r[=e]-n[.e]rv', _v.t._ to reinvigorate. - -RENEW, r[=e]-n[=u]', _v.t._ to renovate: to transform to new life, revive: -to begin again: to make again: to invigorate: to substitute: to -regenerate.--_v.i._ to be made new: to begin again.--_n._ -RENEWABIL'ITY.--_adj._ RENEW'ABLE, that may be renewed.--_ns._ RENEW'AL, -renovation: regeneration: restoration; RENEW'EDNESS; RENEW'ER; RENEW'ING. - -RENFIERSE, ren-f[=e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to reinforce.--_pa.p._ -RENFORST'. - -RENIDIFY, r[=e]-nid'i-f[=i], _v.i._ to build another nest.--_n._ -RENIDIFIC[=A]'TION. - -RENIFORM, ren'i-form, _adj._ (_bot._) kidney-shaped. [L. _renes_, the -kidneys, _forma_, form.] - -RENITENCE, ren'i-tens, or r[=e]-n[=i]'tens, _n._ the resistance of a body -to pressure: disinclination--also REN'ITENCY.--_adj._ REN'ITENT. [Fr.,--L. -_renitens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _reniti_, to resist.] - -RENNE, ren, _v.i._ (_Spens._) to run. - -RENNET, ren'et, _n._ prepared inner membrane of a calf's stomach, used to -make milk coagulate--also RUNN'ET.--_v.t._ to treat with rennet.--_n._ -RENN'ET-BAG, the fourth stomach of a ruminant. [A.S. _rinnan_, to run; Old -Dut. _rinsel_, curds.] - -RENNET, ren'et, _n._ a sweet kind of apple. [O. Fr. _reinette_, dim. of -_reine_, queen--L. _regina_, a queen; or _rainette_, dim. of _raine_, a -frog--L. _rana_.] - -RENOMINATE, r[=e]-nom'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to nominate again.--_n._ -RENOMIN[=A]'TION. - -RENOUNCE, r[=e]-nowns', _v.t._ to disclaim: to disown: to reject publicly -and finally: to forsake.--_v.i._ to fail to follow suit at cards.--_n._ a -failure to follow suit at cards.--_ns._ RENOUNCE'MENT, act of renouncing, -disclaiming, or rejecting; RENOUN'CER. [O. Fr.,--L. _renunti[=a]re_--_re-_, -away, _nunti[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to announce--_nuntius_, a messenger.] - -RENOVATE, ren'[=o]-v[=a]t, _v.t._ to renew or make new again: to restore to -the original state.--_ns._ RENOV[=A]'TION, renewal: state of being renewed: -(_theol._) regeneration: RENOV[=A]'TIONIST, one who believes in the -improvement of society by the spiritual renovation of the individual; -REN'OV[=A]TOR. [L. _re-_, again, _nov[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to make -new--_novus_, new.] - -RENOWN, r[=e]-nown', _n._ a great name: celebrity: ['e]clat.--_v.t._ to -make famous.--_adj._ RENOWNED', celebrated: illustrious: famous.--_adv._ -RENOWN'EDLY.--_n._ RENOWN'ER, one who gives renown: a swaggerer.--_adj._ -RENOWN'LESS. [O. Fr. _renoun_ (Fr. _renom_)--L. _re-_, again, _nomen_, a -name.] - -RENT, rent, _n._ an opening made by rending: fissure: break: tear: a -schism, as a rent in a church. [_Rend._] - -RENT, rent, _n._ annual payment in return for the use of property held of -another, esp. houses and lands: revenue.--_v.t._ to hold or occupy by -paying rent: to let, or to hire, for a rent.--_v.i._ to be let for rent: to -endow.--_adj._ RENT'ABLE.--_ns._ RENT'AL, a schedule or account of rents, -with the tenants' names, &c.: a rent-roll: rent; RENT'ALLER; RENT'-CHARGE, -a rent on a conveyance of land in fee simple; RENT'-DAY, the day on which -rents are paid; RENTE (Fr.), annual income; RENT'ER, one who holds by -paying rent for; RENT'ER-WARD'EN, the warden of a company who receives -rents.--_adj._ RENT'-FREE, without payment of rent.--_ns._ RENT'-GATH'ERER, -a collector of rents; RENT'-ROLL, a roll or account of rents: a rental or -schedule of rents. [Fr. _rente_--L. _reddita_ (_pecunia_), money -paid--_redd[)e]re_, to pay.] - -RENT, rent, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _rend_. - -RENTER, ren't[.e]r, _v.t._ to sew together edge to edge, without -doubling.--_n._ RENT'ERER. [Fr. _rentraire_, to sew together.] - -RENTIER, rong-ty[=a]', _n._ one who has a fixed income from stocks, &c.: a -fund holder. - -RENUENT, ren'[=u]-ent, _adj._ (_anat._) applied to muscles which throw back -the head. [L. _renuens_, pr.p. of _renu[)e]re_, to nod the head.] - -RENULE, ren'[=u]l, _n._ a small kidney. [L. _ren_, kidney.] - -RENUMBER, r[=e]-num'b[.e]r, _v.t._ to affix a new number.--_v.t._ -REN[=U]'MER[=A]TE, to count again. - -RENUNCIATION, re-nun-si-[=a]'shun, _n._ disowning: rejection: abandonment: -(_law_) the legal act by which a person abandons a right acquired, but -without transferring it to another: in the Anglican baptismal service, the -part in which the candidate in person or by his sureties renounces the -devil and all his works.--_n._ RENUN'CIANCE, renunciation.--_adj._ -RENUN'CI[=A]TORY.--RENUNCIATION OF A LEASE, the surrender of a lease. -[_Renounce._] - -RENVERSE, ren-v[.e]rs', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to reverse: to upset.--_adj._ -(_her._) reversed.--_n._ RENVERSE'MENT. - -RENVOY, ren-voi', _v.t._ (_obs._) to send back.--Also _n._ - -REOBTAIN, r[=e]-ob-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to obtain again.--_adj._ REOBTAIN'ABLE. - -REOCCUPY, r[=e]-ok'[=u]-p[=i], _v.t._ to occupy anew.--_n._ -REOCCUP[=A]'TION. - -REOPEN, r[=e]-[=o]'pn, _v.t._ and _v.i._ to open again. - -REOPPOSE, r[=e]-[=o]-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to oppose again. - -REORDAIN, r[=e]-or-d[=a]n', _v.t._ to ordain again, when the first -ordination is defective.--_n._ REORDIN[=A]'TION, a second ordination. - -REORDER, r[=e]-or'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to repeat a command: to arrange anew. - -REORGANISE, r[=e]-or'gan-[=i]z, _v.t._ to organise anew: to -rearrange.--_n._ REORGANIS[=A]'TION, the act of reorganising, as of troops. - -REORIENT, r[=e]-[=o]'ri-ent, _adj._ arising again. - -REOSSIFY, r[=e]-os'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to ossify again. - -REP, REPP, rep, _n._ a kind of cloth having a finely corded surface. [Prob. -a corruption of _rib_.] - -REP, rep, _n._ a slang abbreviation of _reputation_. - -REPACE, r[=e]-p[=a]s', _v.t._ to pace again, retrace. - -REPACIFY, r[=e]-pas'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to pacify again. - -REPACK, r[=e]-pak', _v.t._ to pack a second time.--_n._ REPACK'ER. - -REPAID, r[=e]-p[=a]d', _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _repay_. - -REPAINT, r[=e]-p[=a]nt', _v.t._ to paint anew. - -REPAIR, r[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.i._ to betake one's self to: to go: to -resort.--_n._ a retreat or abode. [O. Fr. _repairer_, to return to a -haunt--Low L. _r['e]patri[=a]re_, to return to one's country--L. _re-_, -back, _patria_, native country.] - -REPAIR, r[=e]-p[=a]r', _v.t._ to restore after injury: to make amends for: -to make good, as a loss: to mend: (_Spens._) to recover into position, as a -weapon.--_n._ restoration after injury or decay: supply of loss.--_ns._ -REPAIR'ER, one who restores or amends; REPAIR'MENT; REPARABIL'ITY.--_adj._ -REP'ARABLE, that may be repaired.--_adv._ REP'ARABLY.--_n._ REPAR[=A]'TION, -repair: supply of what is wasted: amends.--_adj._ REPAR'ATIVE, amending -defect or injury.--_n._ that which restores to a good state: that which -makes amends. [O. Fr. _reparer_--L. _repar[=a]re_--_re-_, again, -_par[=a]re_, to prepare.] - -REPAND, r[=e]-pand', _adj._ bent or curved backward or upward: (_bot._) of -leaves with uneven, slightly sinuous margin.--_adjs._ REPANDODEN'T[=A]TE, -repand and toothed; REPAND'OUS, curved convexly upward. [L. -_repandus_--_re-_, back, _pandus_, bent.] - -REPART, r[=e]-part', _v.t._ to divide, share. - -REPARTEE, rep-ar-t[=e]', _n._ a smart, ready, and witty reply.--_v.i._ to -make witty replies. [O. Fr. _repartie_--_repartir_, to go back -again--_re-_, back, _partir_, to set out--L. _part[=i]ri_, to divide.] - -REPARTIMIENTO, re-p[:a]r-ti-mi-en't[=o], _n._ a division: an assessment: -allotment. [Sp.] - -REPARTITION, r[=e]-par-tish'un, _n._ a second partition: a division into -smaller parts. - -REPASS, r[=e]-pas', _v.t._ to pass again: to travel back.--_v.i._ to pass -or move back.--_n._ REPASS'AGE, the process of passing a second coat of -glue as a finish over unburnished surfaces. - -REPASSION, r[=e]-pash'un, _n._ the reception of an effect from one body to -another. - -REPAST, r[=e]-past', _n._ a meal: the food taken: victuals: -repose--(_obs._) REPAS'TURE.--_v.t._ to feed.--_v.i._ to take food.--_n._ -REPAST'ER, one who takes repast. [O. Fr.,--Low L. _repastus_ (whence Fr. -_repas_)--L. _re-_, inten. _pastus_, food--_pasc[)e]re_, _pastum_, to -feed.] - -REPASTINATION, r[=e]-pas-tin-[=a]'shun, _n._ (_obs._) a second digging up, -as of a garden. - -REPATRIATE, r[=e]-p[=a]'tri-[=a]t, _v.t._ to restore to one's -country.--_n._ REPATRI[=A]'TION. - -REPAY, r[=e]-p[=a]', _v.t._ to pay back: to make return for: to recompense: -to pay again or a second time.--_v.i._ to requite.--_adj._ REPAY'ABLE, that -is to be repaid: due, as a bill due in thirty days.--_n._ REPAY'MENT, act -of repaying: the money or thing repaid. - -REPEAL, r[=e]-p[=e]l', _v.t._ to revoke by authority, as a law: to -abrogate: to recall: to dismiss.--_n._ a revoking or annulling.--_ns._ -REPEALABIL'ITY, REPEAL'ABLENESS.--_adj._ REPEAL'ABLE, that may be -repealed.--_ns._ REPEAL'ER, one who repeals: one who seeks for a repeal, -esp. of the union between Great Britain and Ireland; REPEAL'MENT, -recall.--REPEAL AGITATION, a movement for the repeal of the legislative -union between Great Britain and Ireland. [O. Fr. _rapeler_--_re-_, back, -_apeler_--L. _appell[=a]re_, to call.] - -REPEAT, r[=e]-p[=e]t', _v.t._ to do again: to speak again, to iterate: to -quote from memory: to rehearse: (_Scots law_) to refund.--_v.i._ to strike -the hours, as a watch: to recur: the act of repeating.--_n._ (_mus._) a -part performed a second time: a mark directing a part to be -repeated.--_adjs._ REPEAT'ABLE; REPEAT'ED, done again: frequent.--_adv._ -REPEAT'EDLY, many times repeated: again and again: frequently.--_ns._ -REPEAT'ER, one who, or that which, repeats: a decimal in which the same -figure or figures are continually repeated: a watch that strikes again the -previous hour at the touch of a spring: a frigate appointed to attend an -admiral in a fleet, and to repeat any signal he makes: (_teleg._) an -instrument for automatically retransmitting a message: in calico-printing, -a figure repeated at equal intervals in a pattern; REPEAT'ING, the fraud of -voting at an election for the same candidate more than once.--REPEATING -FIREARM, a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick succession; -REPEAT ONE'S SELF, to say again what one has said already; REPEAT SIGNALS, -to repeat those of the senior officer: to make a signal again. [O. Fr. -_repeter_ (Fr. _r['e]p['e]ter_)--L. _repet[)e]re_, _repetitum_--_re-_, -again, _pet[)e]re_, to seek.] - -REPEL, r[=e]-pel', _v.t._ to drive back: to repulse: to check the advance -of, to resist.--_v.i._ to act with opposing force: (_med._) to check or -drive inwards:--_pr.p._ repel'ling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ repelled'.--_ns._ -REPEL'LENCE, REPEL'LENCY.--_adj._ REPEL'LENT, driving back: able or tending -to repel.--_n._ that which repels.--_n._ REPEL'LER.--_adj._ REPEL'LESS. [O. -Fr.,--L. _repell[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _pell[)e]re_, to drive.] - -REPENT, r[=e]-pent', _v.i._ to regret or sorrow for what one has done or -left undone: to change from past evil: (_theol._) to feel such sorrow for -sin as produces newness of life.--_v.t._ to remember with sorrow--often -used impersonally, as 'it repenteth me.'--_adj._ REPENT'ABLE.--_n._ -REPENT'ANCE, sorrow for what has been done or left undone: contrition for -sin, producing newness of life.--_adj._ REPENT'ANT, repenting or sorry for -past conduct: showing sorrow for sin.--_n._ a penitent.--_adv._ -REPENT'ANTLY.--_n._ REPENT'ER.--_adv._ REPENT'INGLY.--_adj._ REPENT'LESS. -[O. Fr. _repentir_--_re-_, and O. Fr. _pentir_--L. _poenit[=e]re_, to cause -to repent.] - -REPENT, r[=e]'pent, _adj._ (_bot._) creeping. [L. _rep[)e]re_, to creep.] - -REPEOPLE, r[=e]-p[=e]'pl, _v.t._ to people anew. - -REPERCEPT, r[=e]-p[.e]r-sept', _n._ a represented percept.--_n._ -REPERCEP'TION. - -REPERCOLATION, r[=e]-p[.e]r-ko-l[=a]'shun, _n._ in pharmacy, the successive -application of the same menstruum to fresh parts of the substance to be -percolated. - -REPERCUSSION, r[=e]-p[.e]r-kush'un, _n._ a striking or driving back: -reverberation: (_mus._) frequent repetition of the same sound.--_v.t._ -REPERCUSS'.--_adj._ REPERCUSS'IVE, driving back: causing to reverberate. -[L. _repercussio_--_re-_, back, _percut[)e]re_--_per_, through, -_quat[)e]re_, to strike.] - -REPERTOIRE, rep'[.e]r-twor, _n._ the list of musical works which a -performer is ready to perform. - -REPERTOR, r[=e]-p[.e]r'tor, _n._ a finder. - -REPERTORY, rep'[.e]r-t[=o]-ri, _n._ a place where things are kept to be -brought forth again: a treasury: a magazine. [Fr.,--Low L. -_repertorium_--L. _reper[=i]re_, to find--_re-_, again, _par[)e]re_, to -bring forth.] - -REPERUSE, r[=e]-p[.e]r-[=u]z', _v.t._ to peruse again.--_n._ REPER[=U]S'AL. - -REPET=L. _repetatur_, used in prescriptions=Let it be repeated. - -REPETITION, rep-[=e]-tish'un, _n._ act of repeating: recital from -memory.--_ns._ REP'ETEND, that part of a repeating decimal which recurs -continually: the burden of a song; REPETENT', a tutor or private teacher in -Germany.--_adjs._ REPETI'TIONAL, REPETI'TIONARY.--_n._ -REPETI'TIONER.--_adj._ REPETI'TIOUS, using undue repetitions.--_n._ -REPETI'TIOUSNESS.--_adj._ REPET'ITIVE.--_n._ REPET'ITOR, a repetent. - -REPINE, r[=e]-p[=i]n', _v.i._ to fret one's self (with _at_ or _against_): -to feel discontent: to murmur: to envy.--_n._ (_Shak._) a repining.--_ns._ -REP[=I]'NER; REP[=I]'NING, the act of one who repines: (_Spens._) a -failing, as of courage.--_adv._ REP[=I]'NINGLY. - -REPIQUE, r[=e]-p[=e]k', _n._ at piquet, the winning of thirty points or -more from combinations or in one's own hand, before playing begins.--_v.t._ -to score a repique. - -REPLACE, r[=e]-pl[=a]s', _v.t._ to place back: to put again in a former -place, condition, &c.: to repay: to provide a substitute for: to take the -place of.--_adj._ REPLACE'ABLE.--_ns._ REPLACE'MENT, act of replacing: the -removal of an edge of crystal, by one plane or more; REPLAC'ER, a -substitute; CAR'-REPLAC'ER, a device on American railways for replacing -derailed wheels on the track.--REPLACING SWITCH, a pair of iron plates -fitting over the rails, used as a bridge to replace on the track derailed -railway stock. - -REPLAIT, r[=e]-pl[=a]t', _v.t._ to plait or fold again. - -REPLANT, r[=e]-plant', _v.t._ to plant anew: to reinstate.--_adj._ -REPLANT'ABLE.--_n._ REPLANT[=A]'TION. - -REPLEAD, r[=e]-pl[=e]d', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to plead again.--_n._ -REPLEAD'ER, a second course allowed for the correction of mispleading. - -REPLEDGE, r[=e]-plej', _v.t._ to pledge again: to demand judicially.--_n._ -REPLED'GER. - -REPLENISH, r[=e]-plen'ish, _v.t._ to fill again: to fill completely: to -stock abundantly.--_p.adj._ REPLEN'ISHED (_Shak._), complete, -consummate.--_ns._ REPLEN'ISHER, one who replenishes: (_electr._) a static -induction machine used for maintaining the charge of a quadrant -electrometer; REPLEN'ISHMENT. [O. Fr. _replenir_, from _replein_, -full--_re-_, again, _plenus_, full.] - -REPLETE, r[=e]-pl[=e]t', _adj._ full: completely filled, abounding.--_v.t._ -to fill to repletion.--_ns._ REPLETE'NESS, REPL[=E]'TION, superabundant -fullness: surfeit: (_med._) fullness of blood: plethora.--_adj._ -REPL[=E]'TIVE.--_adv._ REPL[=E]'TIVELY.--_adj._ REPL[=E]'TORY. [O. Fr.,--L. -_repletus_, pa.p. of _repl[=e]re_--_re-_, again, _pl[=e]re_, to fill.] - -REPLEVY, r[=e]-plev'i, _v.t._ (_law_) to recover goods distrained upon -giving a pledge or security to try the right to them at law.--_n._ -replevin.--_adjs._ REPLEV'IABLE, REPLEV'ISABLE.--_ns._ REPLEV'IN, an action -for replevying; REPLEV'ISOR, a plaintiff in replevin. [O. Fr. -_replevir_--_re-_, back, _plevir_, to pledge.] - -REPLICA, rep'li-ka, _n._ (_paint._) a copy of a picture done by the same -hand that did the original: (_mus._) the same as repeat. [It.,--L. -_replic[=a]re_, to repeat.] - -REPLICANT, rep'li-kant, _n._ one who makes a reply. - -REPLICATE, rep'li-k[=a]t, _adj._ folded: (_bot._) folded outward as in -vernation, inward as in aestivation: (_mus._) a tone one or more octaves -from a given tone.--_adj._ REP'LIC[=A]TILE.--_n._ REPLIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ -REP'LIC[=A]TIVE. - -REPLIER, r[=e]-pl[=i]'[.e]r, _n._ a respondent. - -REPLUM, rep'lum, _n._ (_bot._) the frame-like placenta across which the -septum stretches. - -REPLUME, r[=e]-pl[=oo]m', _v.t._ to preen, as feathers. - -REPLUNGE, r[=e]-plunj', _v.t._ to immerse anew. - -REPLY, r[=e]-pl[=i]', _v.t._ to fold back: to answer.--_v.i._ to make -response: to meet an attack, as to reply to the enemy's fire--(_law_) to a -defendant's plea.--_n._ an answer: the power of answering: a -counter-attack: (_mus._) the answer of a figure.--_ns._ REP'LICANT; -REPLIC[=A]'TION, a reply: repetition: (_law_) the plaintiff's answer to a -plea.--_adj._ REPLIC[=A]'TIVE. [O. Fr. _replier_--L. _replic[=a]re_, _re-_, -back, _plic[=a]re_, to fold.] - -REPOLISH, r[=e]-pol'ish, _v.t._ to polish again. - -REPONE, r[=e]-p[=o]n', _v.t._ to replace: to reply. [O. Fr.,--L. -_repon[)e]re_, _re-_, back, _pon[)e]re_, to put.] - -REPOPULATE, r[=e]-pop'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.t._ to repeople.--_n._ -REPOPUL[=A]'TION. - -REPORT, r[=e]-p[=o]rt', _v.t._ to bring back, as an answer or account of -anything: to give an account of: to relate: to circulate publicly: to write -down or take notes of, esp. for a newspaper: to lay a charge against: to -echo back.--_v.i._ to make a statement: to write an account of -occurrences.--_n._ a statement of facts: description: a formal or official -statement, esp. of a judicial opinion or decision: rumour: sound: noise: -(_B._) repute: hearsay: reputation.--_adj._ REPORT'ABLE, fit to be reported -on.--_ns._ REPORT'AGE, report; REPORT'ER, one who reports, esp. for a -newspaper; REPORT'ERISM, the business of reporting; REPORT'ING, the act of -drawing up reports--newspaper reporting.--_adv._ REPORT'INGLY (_Shak._), by -common report.--_adj._ REPORT[=O]'RIAL.--REPORT ONE'S SELF, to give -information about one's self, one's whereabouts, &c.--BE REPORTED OF, to be -spoken well or ill of. [O. Fr.,--L. _report[=a]re_--_re-_, back, -_port[=a]re_, to carry.] - -REPOSE, r[=e]-p[=o]z', _v.t._ to lay at rest: to compose: to place in trust -(with _on_ or _in_): to deposit: to tranquillise.--_v.i._ to rest: to -sleep: to rest in confidence (with _on_ or _upon_): to lie.--_n._ a lying -at rest: sleep: quiet: rest of mind: (_fine art_) that harmony which gives -rest to the eye.--_n._ REP[=O]'SAL (_Shak._), the act of reposing: that on -which one reposes.--_adj._ REP[=O]SED', calm: settled.--_adv._ -REP[=O]'SEDLY.--_n._ REP[=O]'SEDNESS.--_adj._ REP[=O]SE'FUL.--_n._ -REP[=O]'SER.--_v.t._ REPOS'IT, to lodge, as for safety--also _n._--_ns._ -REP[=O]SI'TION, reduction; REPOS'ITOR, an instrument for restoring a -displaced organ; REPOS'ITORY, a place where anything is laid up for safe -keeping: a place where things are kept for sale: a shop. [Fr. -_reposer_--_re-_, back, _poser_, to pose.] - -REPOSSESS, r[=e]-poz-zes', _v.t._ to possess again: to regain possession -of.--_n._ REPOSSES'SION. - -REPOSURE, r[=e]-p[=o]'zhur, _n._ quiet repose. - -REPOT, r[=e]-pot', _v.t._ to shift plants from pot to pot. - -REPOUR, r[=e]-p[=o]r', _v.i._ to pour again. - -REPOUSSAGE, r[=e]-p[=oo]'s[:a]j, _n._ the hammering from behind of -ornamental patterns upon a metal plate: or of etched plates making hollows -which would show as spots in printing. - -REPOUSS['E], r[=e]-p[=oo]'s[=a], _adj._ raised in relief by means of the -hammer.--REPOUSS['E] WORK, vessels ornamented by hammering on the reverse -side. - -REPPED, rept, _adj._ corded transversely. [_Rep._] - -REPREHEND, rep-r[=e]-hend', _v.t._ to blame: to reprove.--_n._ -REPREHEN'DER.--_adj._ REPREHEN'SIBLE, worthy of being reprehended or -blamed.--_n._ REPREHEN'SIBLENESS.--_adv._ REPREHEN'SIBLY, culpably.--_n._ -REPREHEN'SION, reproof: censure.--_adj._ REPREHEN'SIVE, containing reproof: -given in reproof.--_adv._ REPREHEN'SIVELY.--_adj._ REPREHEN'SORY. [O. -Fr.,--L. _reprehend[)e]re_, _-hensum_--_re-_, inten., _prehend[)e]re_, to -lay hold of.] - -REPRESENT, rep-r[=e]-zent', _v.t._ to exhibit the image of: to serve as a -sign of: to personate or act the part of: to stand in the place of: to -bring before the mind: to describe: to portray: to exemplify.--_n._ -REPRESENTABIL'ITY.--_adj._ REPRESENT'ABLE, that may be represented.--_ns._ -REPRESENT[=A]'MEN, representation; REPRESENT'ANCE (_obs._), -likeness.--_adj._ REPRESENT'ANT, having vicarious power.--_n._ -REPRESENT[=A]'TION, act of representing or exhibiting: that which -represents: an image: picture: dramatic performance: part performed by a -representative: share, participation: statement: delegation.--_adj._ -REPRESENT[=A]'TIONAL.--_ns._ REPRESENT[=A]'TIONISM, the doctrine of -Descartes, that in the perception of the external world the immediate -object represents another object beyond the sphere of consciousness; -REPRESENT[=A]'TIONIST.--_adj._ REPRESENT'ATIVE, representing: showing a -likeness: bearing the character or power of others: replacing: presenting -the full character of a class: (_logic_) mediately known.--_n._ one who -stands for another, a deputy, delegate: (_law_) an heir.--_adv._ -REPRESENT'ATIVELY.--_ns._ REPRESENT'ATIVENESS; REPRESENT'ER; -REPRESENT'MENT.--REPRESENTATIVE FACULTY, the imagination.--HOUSE OF -REPRESENTATIVES, the lower branch of the United States Congress, consisting -of members chosen biennially by the people. [O. Fr.,--L. -_repraesent[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, _praesent[=a]re_, to place -before.] - -REPRESS, r[=e]-pres', _v.t._ to restrain, quell--also _n._--_ns._ -REPRESS'ER, -OR.--_adj._ REPRESS'IBLE, that may be restrained.--_adv._ -REPRESS'IBLY.--_n._ REPRES'SION, act of repressing.--_adj._ REPRESS'IVE, -tending or able to repress.--_adv._ REPRESS'IVELY. - -REPRESS, r[=e]-pres', _v.t._ to press a second time.--_n._ -REPRESS'ING-MACHINE', a machine for making pressed bricks: a press for -compressing cotton bales. - -REPRIEF, r[=e]-pr[=e]f, _n._ (_Spens._) reproof. - -REPRIEVE, r[=e]-pr[=e]v', _v.t._ to delay the execution of a criminal: to -give a respite to: (_obs._) acquit, release.--_n._ a suspension of a -criminal sentence: interval of ease or relief.--_n._ REPRIEV'AL. [O. Fr. -_reprover_ (Fr. _r['e]prouver_)--L. _reprob[=a]re_, to reprove.] - -REPRIMAND, rep'ri-mand, or -mand', _n._ a severe reproof.--_v.t._ to chide: -to reprove severely: to administer reproof publicly or officially. [O. -Fr.,--L. _reprimendum_--_reprim[)e]re_, _repressum_, to press back--_re-_, -back, _prim[)e]re_, to press.] - -REPRIMER, r[=e]-pr[=i]'m[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for setting a cap upon a -cartridge shell. - -REPRINT, r[=e]-print', _v.t._ to print again: to print a new impression of: -printed matter from some other publication.--_n._ R[=E]'PRINT, another -impression of a printed book or paper. - -REPRISAL, r[=e]-pr[=i]'zal, _n._ a seizing back or in retaliation: the -retaking of goods captured by an enemy: anything seized, or inflicted, in -retaliation: that which is seized for injury inflicted: (_rare_) a -restitution. [O. Fr. _represaille_--It. _ripresaglia_--_ripreso_ (Fr. -_reprise_), retaken--L. _re-pre(he)nd[)e]re_, to seize again.] - -REPRISE, r[=e]-pr[=i]z', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to take again, retake.--_n._ in -maritime law, a ship recaptured from an enemy: in masonry, the return of a -moulding in an internal angle: (_law_) yearly deductions, as annuities, -&c.: (_mus._) the act of repeating a passage. [Fr. -_reprise_--_reprendre_--L. _reprehend[)e]re_.] - -REPRIVE, r[=e]-pr[=i]v', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to deprive, take away. - -REPROACH, r[=e]-pr[=o]ch', _v.t._ to cast in one's teeth: to censure -severely: to upbraid: to revile: to treat with contempt.--_n._ the act of -reproaching: reproof: censure: blame in opprobrious language: disgrace: -occasion of blame: an object of scorn.--_adj._ REPROACH'ABLE, deserving -reproach: opprobrious.--_n._ REPROACH'ABLENESS.--_adv._ -REPROACH'ABLY.--_n._ REPROACH'ER.--_adj._ REPROACH'FUL, full of reproach or -blame: abusive: scurrilous: bringing reproach: shameful: -disgraceful.--_adv._ REPROACH'FULLY.--_n._ REPROACH'FULNESS.--_adj._ -REPROACH'LESS, without reproach.--THE REPROACHES, antiphons chanted in R.C. -churches on Good Friday after the prayers which succeed the Gospel of the -Passion, their subject the ingratitude of the Jews in rejecting and -crucifying Christ. [Fr. _reprocher_--_re-_, back, _proche_, near--L. -_propius_, comp. of _prope_, near.] - -REPROBATE, rep'r[=o]-b[=a]t, _adj._ condemned: base: given over to sin: -depraved: vile: (_B._) that will not stand proof or trial: (_Sterne_) -condemnatory.--_n._ an abandoned or profligate person: one lost to -shame.--_v.t._ to disapprove: to censure: to disown.--_ns._ -REP'R[=O]B[=A]CY, state of being a reprobate; REP'ROBANCE (_Shak._), -reprobation; REP'ROB[=A]TENESS; REP'ROB[=A]TER; REPROB[=A]'TION, the act of -reprobating: rejection: the act of abandoning to destruction: state of -being so abandoned: the doctrine of the fore-ordination of the impenitent -to eternal perdition: (_mil._) disqualification to bear office; -REPROB[=A]'TIONER, one who maintains the doctrine of reprobation by divine -decree.--_adj._ REPROB[=A]'TIVE, criminatory.--_n._ REP'ROB[=A]TOR (_Scots -law_), an old form of action to prove a witness to be perjured or -biassed.--_adj._ REP'ROB[=A]TORY, reprobative. [L. _reprobatus_, pa.p. of -_reprob[=a]re_, to reprove.] - -REPRODUCE, r[=e]-pr[=o]-d[=u]s', _v.t._ to produce again: to form anew: to -propagate: to represent.--_n._ REPROD[=U]'CER, one who reproduces: the -diaphragm used in producing speech in the phonograph.--_adj._ -REPROD[=U]'CIBLE.--_n._ REPRODUC'TION, the act of producing new -organisms--the whole process whereby life is continued from generation to -generation: repetition.--_adj._ REPRODUC'TIVE, tending to reproduce.--_ns._ -REPRODUC'TIVENESS, REPRODUCTIV'ITY.--_adj._ REPRODUC'TORY.--REPRODUCTIVE -FACULTY, the faculty of the association of ideas; REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS -(_bot._), the organs appropriate to the production of seeds or spines: -(_zool._) the generative system. - -REPROMISSION, r[=e]-pr[=o]-mish'un, _n._ (_obs._) a promise. - -REPROMULGATE, r[=e]-pr[=o]-mul'g[=a]t, _v.t._ to republish.--_n._ -REPROMULG[=A]'TION. - -REPROOF, r[=e]-pr[=oo]f', _n._ a reproving or blaming: rebuke: censure: -reprehension.--_adj._ REPROVABLE (-[=oo]v'-), deserving reproof, blame, or -censure.--_n._ REPROV'ABLENESS.--_adv._ REPROV'ABLY.--_n._ REPRO'VAL, the -act of reproving: reproof.--_v.t._ REPROVE', to condemn: to chide: to -convict: to censure: to disprove or refute.--_ns._ REPRO'VER; -REPRO'VING.--_adv._ REPRO'VINGLY. [O. Fr. _reprover_ (Fr. -_r['e]prouver_)--L. _reprob[=a]re_, the opposite of _approb[=a]re_ (cf. -_Approve_)--_re-_, off, _prob[=a]re_, to try.] - -REPRUNE, r[=e]-pr[=oo]n', _v.t._ to trim again. - -REPTANT, rep'tant, _adj._ crawling: pertaining to the _Reptantia_, those -gasteropod mollusca adapted for crawling.--_n._ REPT[=A]'TION, the act of -creeping: (_math._) the motion of one plane figure around another, so that -the longest diameter of one shall come into line with the shortest of the -other.--_adjs._ REPTAT[=O]'RIAL, creeping or crawling; REP'TATORY -(_zool._), creeping. - -REPTILE, rep't[=i]l, _adj._ moving or crawling on the belly or with very -short legs: grovelling: low.--_n._ an animal that moves or crawls on its -belly or with short legs: an oviparous quadruped: one of the class of -REPTIL'IA (_n.pl._) occupying a central position in the Vertebrate series, -beneath them Amphibians and Fishes, above them Birds and Mammals: a -grovelling, low person.--_adjs._ REPTIL'IAN, belonging to reptiles; -REPTILIF'EROUS, producing reptiles; REPTIL'IFORM, related to reptiles; -REPTIL'IOUS, like a reptile.--_n._ REPTIL'IUM, a place where reptiles are -kept.--_adjs._ REPTILIV'OROUS, feeding upon reptiles; REP'TILOID, reptile -form.--REPTILIAN AGE (_geol._), the Mesozoic age, during which reptiles -attained great development. [Fr.,--L. _reptilis_--_rep[)e]re_, to creep.] - -REPUBLIC, r[=e]-pub'lik, _n._ a commonwealth: a form of government without -a monarch, in which the supreme power is vested in representatives elected -by the people.--_adj._ REPUB'LICAN, belonging to a republic: agreeable to -the principles of a republic.--_n._ one who advocates a republican form of -government: a democrat: one of the two great political parties in the -United States, opposed to the _Democrats_, favouring a high protective -tariff, a liberal expenditure, and an extension of the powers of the -national government.--_v.t._ REPUB'LICANISE.--_n._ REPUB'LICANISM, the -principles of republican government: attachment to republican -government.--_n._ REPUBLIC[=A]'RIAN.--REPUBLIC OF LETTERS, a name for the -general body of literary and learned men.--REPUBLICAN ERA, the era adopted -by the French after the downfall of the monarchy, beginning with 22d -September 1792.--RED REPUBLICAN, a violent republican, from the red cap -affected by such. [Fr. _r['e]publique_--L. _respublica_, commonwealth.] - -REPUBLISH, r[=e]-pub'lish, _v.t._ to publish again or anew.--_ns._ -REPUBLIC[=A]'TION, act of republishing: that which is republished, esp. a -reprint of a book, &c.: a second publication of a former will; -REPUB'LISHER. - -REPUDIATE, r[=e]-p[=u]'di-[=a]t, _v.t._ to reject: to disclaim, as -liability for debt: to disavow: to divorce.--_adj._ REP[=U]'DIABLE, that -may be repudiated: fit to be rejected.--_ns._ REPUDI[=A]'TION, the act of -repudiating: rejection: an unprincipled method for the extinction of a debt -by simply refusing to acknowledge the obligation: the state of being -repudiated; REPUDI[=A]'TIONIST; REP[=U]'DI[=A]TOR. [L. _repudi[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_repudium_--_re-_, away, _pud[=e]re_, to be ashamed.] - -REPUGN, r[=e]-p[=u]n', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to fight against, to -oppose.--_adj._ REPUGNABLE (r[=e]-p[=u]'-, or r[=e]-pug'-na-bl), capable of -being resisted.--_ns._ REPUGNANCE (r[=e]-pug'-, like all the succeeding -words), the state of being repugnant: resistance: aversion: reluctance; -REPUG'NANCY.--_adj._ REPUG'NANT, hostile: adverse: contrary: distasteful: -at variance.--_adv._ REPUG'NANTLY.--_n._ REPUG'NANTNESS.--_v.t._ -REPUG'NATE, to oppose: to fight against.--_adj._ REPUGNAT[=O]'RIAL, serving -as a means of defence.--_n._ REPUGNER (r[=e]-p[=u]'n[.e]r), one who rebels. -[Fr.,--L. _repugn[=a]re_--_re-_, against, _pugn[=a]re_, to fight.] - -REPULLULATE, r[=e]-pul'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to sprout again.--_n._ -REPULLUL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ REPULLULES'CENT. - -REPULPIT, r[=e]-p[=oo]l'pit, _v.t._ to restore to the pulpit. - -REPULSE, r[=e]-puls', _v.t._ to drive back: to repel: to beat off: to -refuse, reject.--_n._ the state of being repulsed or driven back: the act -of repelling: refusal.--_ns._ REPUL'SER; REPUL'SION, act of repulsing or -driving back: state of being repelled: aversion: the action by which bodies -or their particles repel each other.--_adj._ REPUL'SIVE, that repulses or -drives off: repelling: cold, reserved, forbidding: causing aversion and -disgust.--_adv._ REPUL'SIVELY.--_n._ REPUL'SIVENESS.--_adj._ REPUL'SORY. -[L. _repulsus_, pa.p. of _repell[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _pell[)e]re_, to -drive.] - -REPURCHASE, r[=e]-pur'ch[=a]s, _v.t._ to purchase or buy back or -again.--_n._ the act of buying again: that which is bought again. - -REPURGE, r[=e]-purj', _v.t._ to cleanse again. - -REPURIFY, r[=e]-p[=u]'ri-f[=i], _v.t._ to purify again. - -REPUTATION, rep-[=u]-t[=a]'shun, _n._ state of being held in repute: -estimation: character in public opinion: credit: fame.--_adj._ -REP'[=U]TABLE, in good repute: respectable: honourable: consistent with -reputation.--_n._ REP'[=U]TABLENESS.--_adv._ REP'[=U]TABLY.--_adj._ -REP'[=U]T[=A]TIVE, reputed: putative.--_adv._ REP'[=U]T[=A]TIVELY, by -repute. [Fr.,--L. _reputation-em_, consideration--_re-put[=a]re_, to think -over.] - -REPUTE, r[=e]-p[=u]t', _v.t._ to account or estimate: to hold.--_n._ -estimate: established opinion: character.--_adv._ REP[=U]T'EDLY, in common -repute or estimation.--_adj._ REPUTE'LESS (_Shak._), without good repute, -disreputable.--REPUTED OWNER, a person who has to all appearance the title -to the property. [Fr.,--L. _reput[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, -_put[=a]re_, to reckon.] - -REQUERE, r[=e]-kw[=e]r', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to require. - -REQUEST, r[=e]-kwest', _v.t._ to ask for earnestly: to entreat: to -desire.--_n._ petition: prayer: desire: demand: that which is requested: a -want: a question: the state of being desired.--_n._ REQUEST'ER.--REQUEST -NOTE, in the inland revenue, an application to obtain a permit for removing -excisable articles: programme.--COURT OF REQUESTS, a former Court of Equity -in England, inferior to the Court of Chancery, abolished in 1641: a local -tribunal instituted in London by Henry VIII. for the recovery of small -debts--called also _Court of Conscience_: LETTERS OF REQUEST, the formal -instrument by which in English ecclesiastical law an inferior judge waives -his jurisdiction over a cause, and refers it to a higher court. [O. Fr. -_requeste_ (Fr. _requ[^e]te_)--L. _requisitum_, pa.p. of -_requir[)e]re_--_re-_, away, _quaer[)e]re_, to seek.] - -REQUICKEN, r[=e]-kwik'n, _v.t._ to give new life to. - -REQUIEM, r[=e]'kwi-em, _n._ a hymn or mass sung for the rest of the soul of -the dead: a grand musical composition in honour of the dead: (_obs._) rest, -peace.--_n._ REQUIES'CENCE, repose.--REQUIESCAT IN PACE, may he (or she) -rest in peace, often abbreviated _R.I.P._ [L., accus. of _requies_--(_re-_, -inten., _quies_, rest); so called from the initial words of the introit, -_Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine!_ 'Give eternal rest to them, O Lord!'] - -REQUIRE, r[=e]-kw[=i]r', _v.t._ to ask: to demand: to need: to exact: to -direct.--_adj._ REQUIR'ABLE, that may be required: fit or proper to be -required.--_ns._ REQUIRE'MENT, act of requiring: claim: demand; REQUIR'ER; -REQUIR'ING. [Fr.,--L. _requir[)e]re_.] - -REQUISITE, rek'wi-zit, _adj._ required: needful: indispensable.--_n._ that -which is required: anything necessary or indispensable.--_adv._ -REQ'UISITELY.--_ns._ REQ'UISITENESS, state of being requisite; -REQUISI'TION, the act of requiring: an application--for a public meeting, -for a person to become a candidate for Parliament, &c.: a demand, as for -necessaries for a military force: a written request or invitation.--_v.t._ -to make a requisition or demand upon, to seize.--_n._ REQUISI'TIONIST, one -who makes a requisition.--_adj._ REQUIS'ITIVE.--_n._ REQUIS'ITOR.--_adj._ -REQUIS'ITORY.--_n._ REQUIS'ITUM, that which a problem asks for. - -REQUITE, r[=e]-kw[=i]t', _v.t._ to repay: to retaliate.--_adjs._ REQUIT' -(_Spens._), requited, returned; REQU[=I]'TABLE.--_ns._ REQU[=I]'TAL, the -act of requiting: payment in return: recompense: reward; REQUITE', -requital.--_adjs._ REQUITE'FUL; REQUITE'LESS, without requital: -free.--_ns._ REQUITE'MENT; REQU[=I]'TER. - -RERAIL, r[=e]-r[=a]l', _v.t._ to replace on the rails. - -REREAD, r[=e]-r[=e]d', _v.t._ to read again. - -REREBRACE, r[=e]r'br[=a]s, _n._ the armour of the upper arm from shoulder -to elbow.--Also _Arri[`e]re-bras_. - -REREBRAKE, r[=e]r-br[=a]k', _n._ an appurtenance of a mounted warrior in -the fifteenth century. - -REREDOS, r[=e]r'dos, _n._ the wall or screen at the back of an altar, -usually in the form of a screen detached from the east wall, adorned with -niches, statues, &c., or with paintings or tapestry: the back of an open -fire-hearth, in medieval halls. [O. Fr., _rere_, rear, _dos_--L. _dorsum_, -back.] - -REREFIEF, r[=e]r'f[=e]f, _n._ (_Scot._) an under-fief. - -RE-REITERATED, r[=e]-r[=e]-it'[.e]r-[=a]t-ed, _p.adj._ (_Tenn._) reiterated -or repeated again and again. - -REREMOUSE, r[=e]r'mows, _n._ a bat. [A.S. _hr['e]rem['u]s_--_hr['e]ran_, to -move, _m['u]s_, a mouse.] - -RERESUPPER, r[=e]r'sup-[.e]r, _n._ a late supper. - -REREWARD. Same as REARWARD. - -RES, r[=e]z, _n._ a thing, a point.--RES ANGUSTA DOMI, straitened -circumstances; RES GESTAE, things done; RES JUDIC[=A]TA, a matter decided. - -RESAIL, r[=e]-s[=a]l', _v.i._ to sail back. - -RESALE, r[=e]-s[=a]l', _n._ a second sale. - -RESALUTE, r[=e]-sa-l[=u]t', _v.t._ to salute anew or in return. - -RESAW, r[=e]-saw', _v.t._ to saw into still thinner pieces. - -RESCIND, r[=e]-sind', _v.t._ to cut away or off: to annul: to repeal: to -reverse.--_adj._ RESCIND'ABLE.--_ns._ RESCIND'MENT; RESCIS'SION, the act of -rescinding: the act of annulling or repealing.--_adj._ -RESCIS'SORY.--RESCISSORY ACTIONS (_law_), those actions whereby deeds are -declared void. [Fr.,--L. _rescind[)e]re_, _rescissum_--_re-_, back, -_scind[)e]re_, to cut.] - -RESCORE, r[=e]-sk[=o]r', _v.t._ to rearrange music for voices and -instruments. - -RESCRIBE, r[=e]-skr[=i]b', _v.t._ to write again.--_n._ RESCRIB'END[=A]RY, -a papal official who determines what documents are to be copied and -registered, &c. - -RESCRIPT, r[=e]'skript, _n._ the official answer of a pope or an emperor to -any legal question: an edict or decree.--_n._ RESCRIP'TION, the answering -of a letter.--_adj._ RESCRIP'TIVE.--_adv._ RESCRIP'TIVELY. [Fr.,--L. -_rescriptum_--_re-_, back, _scrib[)e]re_, _scriptum_, to write.] - -RESCUE, res'k[=u], _v.t._ to free from danger or violence: to deliver: to -liberate:--_pr.p._ res'c[=u]ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ res'c[=u]ed.--_n._ the -act of rescuing: deliverance from violence or danger: forcible release from -arrest or imprisonment.--_adj._ RES'CUABLE.--_ns._ RES'CUER; -RESC[=U]SS[=EE]', the party rescued; RESCUS'SOR, one who makes an unlawful -rescue. [M. E. _rescous_, a rescue--O. Fr. _rescousse_--_rescourre_--L. -_re-_, away, _excut[)e]re_, to shake out--_ex_, out, _quat[)e]re_, to -shake.] - -RESCUE-GRASS, res'k[=u]-gras, _n._ a species of brome-grass, native to -South America. - -RESEARCH, r[=e]-s[.e]rch', _n._ a careful search: diligent examination or -investigation: scrutiny.--_v.i._ to examine anew.--_n._ -RESEARCH'ER.--_adj._ RESEARCH'FUL, inquisitive, prone to investigation. - -RESEAT, r[=e]-s[=e]t', _v.t._ to furnish with new seats. - -R['E]SEAU, r[=a]-z[=o]', _n._ a fine meshed ground for lace-work. - -RESECTION, r[=e]-sek'shun, _n._ act of cutting off: removal of a bone's -articular extremity.--_v.t._ RESECT', to cut off. [L. _resec[=a]re_, _re-_, -again, _sec[=a]re_, to cut.] - -RESEDA, r[=e]-s[=e]'da, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants, the mignonette -family. - -RESEEK, r[=e]-s[=e]k', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to seek again. - -RESEIZE, r[=e]-s[=e]z', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to seize again: to -reinstate.--_ns._ RESEIZ'ER; RESEIZ'[=U]RE. - -RESELL, r[=e]-sel', _v.t._ to sell again. - -RESEMBLE, r[=e]-zem'bl, _v.t._ to be similar to: to have the likeness of: -to possess similar qualities or appearance: to compare: to make -like.--_adj._ RESEMBLABLE, admitting of being compared.--_n._ RESEM'BLANCE, -the state of resembling: similitude: likeness: similarity: that which is -similar.--_adj._ RESEM'BLANT.--_n._ RESEM'BLER.--_adj._ -RESEM'BLING.--_adv._ RESEM'BLINGLY. [O. Fr. _resembler_ (Fr. -_ressembler_)--re-, again, _sembler_, to seem--L. _simul[=a]re_, to make -like--_similis_, like.] - -RESEMINATE, r[=e]-sem'i-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to propagate again. - -RESEND, r[=e]-send', _v.t._ to send again or back. - -RESENT, r[=e]-zent', _v.t._ to take ill: to consider as an injury or -affront: to be indignant at: to express indignation: to have a strong -perception of: to perceive by the sense of smell--_v.i._ to be -indignant.--_n._ RESENT'ER.--_adj._ RESENT'FUL, full of, or prone to, -resentment.--_advs._ RESENT'FULLY; RESENT'INGLY.--_adj._ RESENT'IVE.--_n._ -RESENT'MENT, the act of resenting: displeasure: anger. [O. Fr. _resentir_, -_ressentir_--L. _re-_, in return, _sent[=i]re_, to feel.] - -RESERVE, r[=e]-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep back: to keep for future or other -use: to retain, except: to keep safe.--_n._ that which is reserved: that -which is kept for future use: a part of an army or a fleet reserved to -assist those engaged in action: that which is kept back in the mind: mental -concealment: absence of freedom in words or action: caution: that part of -capital which is retained to meet average liabilities.--_n._ -RESERV[=A]'TION, the act of reserving or keeping back: the withholding from -a statement of a word or clause necessary to convey its real meaning: -something withheld: safe keeping: a clause, proviso, or limitation by which -something is reserved: (_U.S._) a tract of public land reserved for some -special purpose, as for Indians, schools, &c.: the practice of reserving -part of the consecrated bread of the eucharist for the communion of the -sick: the act of the pope to reserve to himself the right to nominate to -certain benefices.--_adj._ RESERV'ATIVE.--_n._ RESERV'ATORY.--_n.pl._ -RESERVES', the reserve forces of a country, the men composing such.--_n._ -RESER'VIST, a soldier who belongs to the reserves.--MENTAL RESERVATION, the -act of reserving or holding back some word or clause which is necessary to -convey fully the meaning really intended by the speaker--distinct from -equivocation (L. _equivocatio_ or _amphibolia_).--WITHOUT RESERVE, a phrase -implying that a property will be sold absolutely, neither the vendor nor -any one acting for him bidding it in. [O. Fr. _reserver_--L. -_reserv[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _serv[=a]re_, to save.] - -RESERVED, r[=e]-z[.e]rvd', _adj._ characterised by reserve: not free or -frank in words or behaviour: shy: cold.--_adv._ RESER'VEDLY.--_ns._ -RESER'VEDNESS; RESER'VER.--RESERVED CASE, a sin, the power to absolve from -which is reserved to the pope, or his legate, &c.; RESERVED LIST, formerly -a list of officers on half-pay, who might be called upon in an emergency; -RESERVED POWER, a reservation made in deeds, &c.; RESERVED POWERS (_U.S._), -powers pertaining to sovereignty, but not delegated to a representative -body. - -RESERVOIR, rez'[.e]r-vwor, _n._ a place where anything is kept in store: a -place where water and other liquids are stored for use.--Also _v.t._ [Fr.] - -RESET, r[=e]-set', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to set again.--_n._ printed matter set -over again.--_adj._ RESET'TABLE (_Tenn._), that may be reset. - -RESET, re-set', _v.t._ (_Scot._) to receive and hide, as stolen goods, or a -criminal.--_n._ RESET'TER, one who receives and hides stolen goods. [Perh. -_receipt_.] - -RESETTLE, r[=e]-set'l, v.t, and _v.i._ to settle again.--_n._ -RESETT'LEMENT. - -RESHAPE, r[=e]-sh[=a]p', _v.t._ to give a new shape to. - -RESHIP, r[=e]-ship', _v.t._ to ship again.--_n._ RESHIP'MENT, the act of -reshipping: things reshipped. - -RESIANT, rez'i-ant, _adj._ (_obs._) resident, always residing in a -place.--_n._ RES'IANCE. [Doublet of _resident_.] - -RESIDE, r[=e]-z[=i]d', _v.i._ to remain sitting: to dwell permanently: to -abide: to live: to inhere.--_ns._ RES'IDENCE, act of dwelling in a place: -place where one resides, a domicile: that in which anything permanently -inheres: the settling of liquors; RES'IDENCY, residence: the official -dwelling of a government officer in India.--_adj._ RES'IDENT, dwelling in a -place for some time: residing on one's own estate: residing in the place of -one's duties: not migratory.--_n._ one who resides: a public minister at a -foreign court.--_n._ RES'IDENTER (_Scot._).--_adjs._ RESIDEN'TIAL, -residing: having actual residence--(_rare_) RESIDENT'AL; RESIDEN'TIARY, -residing, esp. of one bound to reside for a certain time every year at a -cathedral church.--_n._ one who keeps a certain residence, esp. an -ecclesiastic.--_ns._ RESIDEN'TIARYSHIP; RES'IDENTSHIP; RES[=I]'DER. [O. -Fr.,--L. _resid[=e]re_--_re-_, back, _sed[=e]re_, to sit.] - -RESIDUE, rez'i-d[=u], _n._ that which is left behind after a part is taken -away: the remainder: the residuum of an estate after payment of debts and -legacies.--_adj._ RESID'UAL, remaining as residue.--_n._ that which remains -after a subtraction, as the difference between one of a series of observed -values and the mean of the series, &c.--_ns._ RESID'UAL-AIR, that portion -of air which cannot be expelled by the most violent efforts from the lungs; -RESID'UAL-CHARGE, a charge of electricity spontaneously acquired by coated -glass; RESID'UAL-MAG'NETISM, remanent magnetism; RESID'UAL-QUAN'TITY, a -binomial connected with the sign - (_minus_).--_adj._ RESID'UARY, -pertaining to the residue: receiving the remainder, as residuary -estate.--_ns._ RESID'UARY-CLAUSE, that part of a will which disposes of -whatever may be left after satisfying the other provisions of the will; -RESID'UARY-LEGAT[=EE]', the legatee to whom is bequeathed the -residuum.--_v.t._ RESID'UATE, to find the residual of.--_ns._ -RESIDU[=A]'TION, the act of finding the residual; RESID'UENT, a by-product -left after the removal of a principal product.--_adj._ RESID'UOUS, -residual.--_n._ RESID'[=U]UM, that which is left after any process of -purification: a residue. [O. Fr. _residu_--L. _residuum_--_resid[=e]re_, to -remain behind.] - -RESIGN, r[=e]-s[=i]n', _v.t._ to sign again. - -RESIGN, r[=e]-z[=i]n', _v.t._ to yield up to another: to submit calmly: to -relinquish: to entrust.--_v.i._ to submit one's self: to give up an office, -&c.--_n._ RESIGN[=A]'TION, act of giving up: state of being resigned or -quietly submissive: acquiescence: patience: (_Scots law_) the form by which -a vassal returns the feu into the hands of a superior.--_p.adj._ RESIGNED', -calmly submissive: uncomplaining.--_adv._ RESIGNED'LY, with -submission.--_ns._ RESIGN[=EE]', the person to whom a thing is resigned; -RESIGN'ER; RESIGN'MENT. [O. Fr.,--L. _resign[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to -annul--_re-_, sig. reversal, _sign[=a]re_--_signum_, a mark.] - -RESILE, r[=e]-z[=i]l', _v.i._ to leap back: to fly from: to recoil, to -recede:--_pr.p._ res[=i]l'ing; _pa.p._ res[=i]led'.--_ns._ RESILE'MENT; -RESIL'IENCE, RESIL'IENCY, act of springing back or rebounding.--_adj._ -RESIL'IENT, springing back or rebounding.--_ns._ RESILI'TION; -RESILU[=A]'TION, renewed attack. [O. Fr.,--L. _resil[=i]re_, to leap -back--_re-_, back, _sal[=i]re_, to leap.] - -RESIN, rez'in, _n._ an amorphous substance that exudes from plants, -supposed to be the product of oxidation of volatile oils secreted by the -plant: the precipitate obtained from a vegetable tincture by treatment with -water.--_v.t._ to coat with resin.--_adj._ RESIN[=A]'CEOUS, resinous.--_n._ -RES'IN[=A]TE, a salt of the acids obtained from turpentine.--_adj._ -RESINIF'EROUS, yielding resin.--_n._ RESINIFIC[=A]'TION, the process of -treating with resin.--_adj._ RES'INIFORM.--_vs.t._ RES'INIFY, to change -into resin; RES'INISE, to treat with resin.--_adjs._ RES'INO-ELEC'TRIC, -containing negative electricity; RES'INOID; RES'INOUS, having the qualities -of, or resembling, resin.--_adv._ RES'INOUSLY.--_n._ RES'INOUSNESS.--_adj._ -RES'INY, like resin.--GUM RESINS, the milky juices of certain plants -solidified by exposure to air; HARD RESINS, at ordinary temperatures solid -and brittle, easily pulverised, containing little or no essential oil -(_copal_, _lac_, _jalap_, &c.); SOFT RESINS, mouldable by the hand--some -are viscous and semi-fluid _balsams_ (_turpentine_, _storax_, _Canada -balsam_, &c.). [Fr.,--L. _res[=i]na_.] - -RESINATA, rez-i-n[=a]'ta, _n._ the common white wine in Greece, its -peculiar odour due to the resin of the wine.--_v.t._ RES'IN[=A]TE. - -RESIPISCENCE, res-i-pis'ens, _n._ change to a better frame of mind.--_adj._ -RESIPIS'CENT, right-minded. [Fr.,--L. _resipiscentia_--_resipisc[)e]re_, to -repent--_re-_, again, _sap[)e]re_, to be wise.] - -RESIST, r[=e]-zist', _v.t._ to strive against: to oppose.--_v.i._ to make -opposition.--_n._ a composition applied to a surface to enable it to resist -chemical action: a material, as a paste, applied to a fabric to prevent the -action of a dye or mordant from affecting the parts not to be -coloured.--_ns._ RESIS'TAL (_obs._); RESIS'TANCE, act of resisting: -opposition: (_mech._) the power of a body which acts in opposition to the -impulse of another: (_electr._) that property of a conductor in virtue of -which the passage of a current through it is accompanied with a dissipation -of energy; RESIS'TANCE-BOX, a box containing one or more resistance-coils; -RESIS'TANCE-COIL, a coil of wire which offers a resistance to the passage -of a current of electricity; RESIS'TANT, one who, or that which, -resists.--_adjs._ RESIS'TANT, RESIS'TENT, making resistance.--_ns._ -RESIS'TER; RESISTIBIL'ITY, RESIS'TIBLENESS.--_adj._ RESIS'TIBLE.--_advs._ -RESIS'TIBLY; RESIS'TINGLY.--_adj._ RESIS'TIVE.--_adv._ RESIS'TIVELY.--_n._ -RESISTIV'ITY.--_adj._ RESIST'LESS, irresistible: unresisting, unable to -resist.--_adv._ RESIST'LESSLY.--_ns._ RESIST'LESSNESS; RESIST'-STYLE, in -calico printing, the process of dyeing in a pattern by the use of a resist; -RESIST'-WORK, calico printing, in which the pattern is produced by means of -resist which preserves parts uncoloured. [Fr.,--L. _resist[)e]re_--_re-_, -against, _sist[)e]re_, to make to stand.] - -RESMOOTH, r[=e]-sm[=oo]_th_', _v.t._ to smooth again. - -RESOLDER, r[=e]-sol'd[.e]r, _v.t._ to solder again. - -RESOLUBLE, rez'[=o]-l[=u]-bl, _adj._ that may be resolved, soluble.--_n._ -RES'OLUBLENESS. - -RESOLUTE, rez'[=o]-l[=u]t, _adj._ resolved: determined: having a fixed -purpose: constant in pursuing a purpose: bold.--_n._ a determined -person.--_adv._ RES'OL[=U]TELY.--_n._ RES'OL[=U]TENESS. - -RESOLUTION, rez-o-l[=u]'shun, _n._ act of resolving: analysis: solution: -state of being resolved: fixed determination: steadiness: that which is -resolved: certainty: (_mus._) the relieving of a discord by a following -concord: a formal proposal put before a public assembly, or the formal -determination of such on any matter: (_math._) reduction, solution: -(_med._) the disappearance or dispersion of a tumour or inflammation.--_n._ -RESOL[=U]'TIONER, one of a party in Scotland who approved of the -resolutions of the Commission of General Assembly (1650) admitting to take -part in the struggle against Cromwell all persons except those -excommunicate and hostile to the Covenant--opp. to the -_Protesters_.--_adj._ RES'OL[=U]TIVE.--RESOLUTION OF FORCES, OR OF -VELOCITIES, the application of the principle of the parallelogram of forces -or velocities to the separation of a force or velocity into parts. - -RESOLVE, r[=e]-zolv', _v.t._ to separate into parts: to analyse: to free -from doubt or difficulty: to explain: to decide: to fix by resolution or -formal declaration: (_math._) to solve: (_med._) to disperse, as a tumour: -(_mus._) to carry a discord into a concord.--_v.i._ to determine.--_n._ -anything resolved or determined: resolution: fixed purpose.--_n._ -RESOLVABIL'ITY.--_adj._ ROSOL'VABLE, that may be resolved or reduced to its -elements.--_n._ RESOL'VABLENESS.--_adv._ RESOL'VABLY.--_adj._ RESOLVED', -fixed in purpose.--_adv._ RESOL'VEDLY, firmly: clearly.--_n._ -RESOL'VEDNESS.--_adj._ RESOL'VENT, having power to resolve.--_n._ that -which causes solution: (_med._) a substance which resolves tumours: -(_math._) an equation upon whose solution the solution of a given problem -depends.--_n._ RESOL'VER. [Fr.,--L. _resolv[)e]re_, _resolutum_--_re-_, -inten., _solv[)e]re_, to loose.] - -RESONANCE, rez'[=o]-nans, _n._ act of resounding: the returning of sound by -reflection or by the production of vibrations in other bodies: the sound -discovered by means of auscultation--also RES'ONANCY.--_n._ RES'ONANCE-BOX, -a chamber in a musical instrument for increasing its sonority.--_adj._ -RES'ONANT, returning sound: vibrating.--_adv._ RES'ONANTLY.--_v.i._ -RES'ON[=A]TE, to resound.--_n._ RESON[=A]'TOR, a vessel for the analysis of -complex sounds. [L. _reson[=a]re_, _re-_, back, _son[=a]re_, to sound.] - -RESORB, r[=e]-sorb', _v.t._ to reabsorb, to swallow up.--_adj._ RESORB'ENT. -[L. _resorb[)e]re_, to suck back.] - -RESORCIN, r[=e]-sor'sin, _n._ a colourless crystalline phenol.--_adj._ -RESOR'CINAL.--_n._ RESOR'CINISM. [Fr.] - -RESORPTION, r[=e]-sorp'shun, _n._ the disappearance of an organ by -absorption.--_adj._ RESORP'TIVE. - -RESORT, r[=e]-zort', _v.i._ to go: to betake one's self: to have recourse: -to apply.--_n._ act of resorting: a place much frequented: a haunt: -resource: company.--_n._ RESORT'ER, a frequenter.--LAST RESORT, the last -means of relief, the final tribunal--the French _dernier ressort_. [Fr. -_ressortir_--L. _re-_, back, _sort[=i]ri_, to cast lots--_sors_, _sortis_, -a lot.] - -RESOUND, r[=e]-zownd', _v.t._ to sound back: to echo: to praise or -celebrate with sound: to spread the fame of.--_v.i._ to be sent back or -echoed: to echo: to sound loudly: to be much mentioned.--_ns._ RESOUND'; -RESOUND'ER, a monotelephone. - -RESOURCE, re-s[=o]rs', _n._ a source of help: an expedient: (_pl._) means -of raising money: means of any kind: funds.--_adj._ RESOURCE'FUL, -shifty.--_n._ RESOURCE'FULNESS.--_adj._ RESOURCE'LESS. [O. Fr. -_resource_--_resourdre_--L. _resurg[)e]re_, to rise again.] - -RESOW, r[=e]-s[=o]', _v.t._ to sow again. - -RESPEAK, r[=e]-sp[=e]k', _v.i._ to speak again, echo. - -RESPECT, r[=e]-spekt', _v.t._ to esteem for merit: to honour: to relate to: -to regard unduly: to heed.--_n._ act of esteeming highly: regard: -expression of esteem: deportment arising from esteem: relation: reference: -point of view, any particular: (_B._) good-will, also undue regard: -partiality: reflection: decency: reputation.--_n._ RESPECTABIL'ITY, state -or quality of being respectable.--_adj._ RESPEC'TABLE, worthy of respect or -regard: moderate in excellence or number: not mean or despicable: -reputable: moderately well-to-do.--_n._ RESPEC'TABLENESS.--_adv._ -RESPEC'TABLY, moderately: pretty well.--_adj._ RESPEC'TANT (_her._), facing -one another--said of figures of animals.--_n._ RESPEC'TER.--_adj._ -RESPECT'FUL, full of respect: marked by civility.--_adv._ -RESPECT'FULLY.--_n._ RESPECT'FULNESS.--_prep._ RESPEC'TING, regarding: -considering.--_n._ RESPEC'TION, respect.--_adj._ RESPEC'TIVE, having -respect or reference to: relative: relating to a particular person or -thing: particular.--_adv._ RESPEC'TIVELY.--_ns._ RESPEC'TIVENESS; -RESPEC'TIVIST (_obs._), a captious critic.--_adjs._ RESPECT'LESS, -regardless; RESPEC'T[=U]OUS (_obs._), causing respect: respectful.--HAVE -RESPECT OF PERSONS, unduly to favour certain persons, as for their wealth, -&c.; IN RESPECT OF, in comparison with; WITH RESPECT TO, with regard to. -[O. Fr.,--L. _respic[)e]re_, _respectum_--_re-_, back, _spec[)e]re_, to -look.] - -RESPELL, r[=e]-spel', _v.t._ to spell again, or in new form. - -RESPERSE, r[=e]-spers', _v.t._ to sprinkle.--_n._ RESPER'SION. - -RESPIRE, r[=e]-sp[=i]r', _v.i._ to breathe again and again: to breathe: to -take rest.--_v.t._ to breathe out--in the higher animals there is an -absorption of oxygen and a discharge of carbonic acid, also in -plants.--_n._ RESP[=I]RABIL'ITY, quality of being respirable.--_adj._ -RESP[=I]R'ABLE, that may be breathed: fit for respiration.--_n._ -RESP[=I]R'ABLENESS; RESPIR[=A]'TION, the function of breathing: relief from -toil.--_adjs._ RESPIR[=A]'TIONAL; RESP[=I]R'ATIVE.--_ns._ RES'PIR[=A]TOR, a -network of fine wire for respiring or breathing through; RESPIRAT[=O]'RIUM, -a gill-like organ used by certain insects to draw water from the -air.--_adj._ R[=E]SPI'RATORY (or res'pi-r[=a]-t[=o]-ri), pertaining to, or -serving for, respiration.--_ns._ RESP[=I]R'ING; RESPIROM'ETER, an apparatus -for supplying air to a diver under water.--Artificial respiration, -respiration induced by artificial means. [Fr.,--L. _respir[=a]re_--_re-_, -sig. repetition, _spir[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to breathe.] - -RESPITE, res'pit, _n._ temporary cessation of anything: pause: interval of -rest: (_law_) temporary suspension of the execution of a criminal.--_v.t._ -to grant a respite to: to relieve by a pause: to delay.--_adj._ -RES'PITELESS. [O. Fr. _respit_ (Fr. _r['e]pit_)--L. _respectus_, respect.] - -RESPLENDENT, r[=e]-splen'dent, _adj._ very splendid, shining brilliantly: -very bright: (_her._) issuing rays.--_ns._ RESPLEN'DENCE, RESPLEN'DENCY, -state of being resplendent.--_adv._ RESPLEN'DENTLY. [L. -_resplend[=e]re_--_re-_, inten., _splend[=e]re_, to shine.] - -RESPLIT, r[=e]-split', _v.t._ to split again. - -RESPOND, r[=e]-spond', _v.i._ to answer or reply: to correspond to or suit: -to be answerable: to make a liturgical response: to be liable for -payment.--_v.t._ to satisfy.--_n._ a versicle, &c., occurring at intervals, -as in the responses to the commandments in the Anglican service: -(_archit._) a pilaster, &c., in a wall for receiving the impost of an -arch.--_ns._ RESPON'DENCE, RESPON'DENCY, act of responding: reply: -(_Spens._) correspondence.--_adj._ RESPON'DENT, answering: corresponding to -expectation.--_n._ one who answers, esp. in a law-suit: one who refutes -objections.--_ns._ RESPONDEN'TIA, a loan on the cargo of a vessel; -RESPON'SAL, a liturgical response: a proctor for a monastery; RESPONSE', a -reply: an oracular answer: the answer made by the congregation to the -priest during divine service: reply to an objection in a formal -disputation: a short anthem sung at intervals during a lection; -RESPONSIBIL'ITY, RESPON'SIBLENESS, state of being responsible: what one is -responsible for: a trust.--_adj._ RESPON'SIBLE, liable to be called to -account or render satisfaction: answerable: capable of discharging duty: -able to pay.--_adv._ RESPON'SIBLY.--_n.pl._ RESPON'SIONS, the first of the -three examinations for the B.A. degree at Oxford, familiarly called -'smalls.'--_adj._ RESPON'SIVE, inclined to respond: answering: -correspondent.--_adv._ RESPON'SIVELY.--_n._ RESPON'SIVENESS, the state of -being responsive.--_adj._ RESPONS[=O]'RIAL, responsive.--_n._ an -office-book containing the responsories.--_adj._ RESPON'SORY, making -answer.--_n._ a portion of a psalm sung between the missal lections: the -answer of the people to the priest in church service: a response -book.--_n._ RESPON'S[=U]RE (_obs._), response. [Fr.,--L. _respond[=e]re_, -_responsum_--_re-_, back, _spond[=e]re_, to promise.] - -RESSAUT, res-awt', _n._ (_archit._) a projection of one part from another. -[Fr.,--L. _resil[=i]re_, to leap back.] - -REST, rest, _n._ cessation from motion or disturbance: peace: quiet: sleep: -the final sleep, or death: place of rest, as an inn, &c.: repose: release: -security: tranquillity: stay: that on which anything rests or is supported: -a pause of the voice in reading: (_mus._) an interval between tones, also -its mark: in ancient armour, a projection from the cuirass to support the -lance: a quick and continued returning of the ball at tennis: in the game -of primero, the final stake made by the player.--_v.i._ to cease from -action or labour: to be still: to repose: to sleep: to be dead: to be -supported: to lean or trust: to be satisfied: to come to an end: to be -undisturbed: to take rest: to lie: to trust: (_law_) to terminate -voluntarily the adducing of evidence: to be in the power of, as 'it rests -with you.'--_v.t._ to lay at rest: to quiet: to place on a support.--_n._ -REST'-CURE, the treatment of exhaustion by isolation in bed.--_adj._ -REST'FUL (_Shak._), being at rest, quiet, giving rest.--_adv._ REST'FULLY, -in a state of rest.--_ns._ REST'FULNESS, the state or quality of being -restful: quietness; REST'-HOUSE a house of rest for travellers in India, a -dak-bungalow REST'INESS (_obs._), sluggishness.--_adj._ REST'ING-OW'ING -(_Scots law_), indebted.--_ns._ REST'ING-PLACE, a place of security, or of -rest, the grave: in building, a landing in a staircase; REST'ING-SPORE, a -spore which germinates after a period of dormancy; REST'ING-STAGE, -STATE, -a state of suspended activity, as of woody plants, bulbs; REST'ING-WHILE, a -period of leisure.--AT REST, applied to a body, means, having no velocity -with respect to that on which the body stands. [A.S. _rest_, _raest_; Ger. -_rast_, Dut. _rust_.] - -REST, rest, _n._ that which remains after the separation of a part: -remainder: others: balance of assets above liabilities.--_v.i._ to -remain.--FOR THE REST, as regards other matters. [Fr. _reste_--L. -_rest[=a]re_, to remain--_re-_, back, _st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -REST, rest, _v.t._ (_coll._) to arrest. - -RESTANT, res'tant, _adj._ remaining persistent. - -RESTATE, r[=e]-st[=a]t', _v.t._ to state again.--_n._ RESTATE'MENT. - -RESTAUR, res-tawr', _n._ the remedy which assurers have against each other, -or a person has against his guarantor. [Fr.] - -RESTAURANT, res't[=o]-rang, or res't[=o]-rant, _n._ a house for the sale of -refreshments: an eating-house.--_n._ RESTAURATEUR (res-t[=o]'ra-t[.e]r), -the keeper of a restaurant. [Fr.,--restaurer, to restore.] - -RESTEM, r[=e]-stem', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to force back against the current: to -move back against, as a current. - -REST-HARROW, rest'-har'[=o], _n._ a half-shrubby plant with a spiny stem -and tough, woody roots, common in ill-cleaned land: a small moth. - -RESTIBRACHIUM, res-ti-br[=a]'ki-um, _n._ (_anat._) the inferior peduncle of -the cerebellum.--_adj._ RESTIBR[=A]'CHIAL. - -RESTIFF, an obsolete form of _restive_. - -RESTIFORM, res'ti-form, _adj._ cord-like.--RESTIFORM BODY, the inferior -peduncle of the cerebellum. [L. _restis_, a net, _forma_, form.] - -RESTILY, res'ti-li, _adv._ stubbornly, sluggishly. - -RESTINCTION, r[=e]-stingk'shun, _n._ the act of extinguishing.--_v.t._ -RESTING'UISH, to quench. - -RESTIO, res'ti-[=o], _n._ a genus of glumaceous plants.--_n._ RESTIOI'DEAE. - -RESTIPULATE, r[=e]-stip'[=u]-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to stipulate anew.--_n._ -RESTIPUL[=A]'TION. - -RESTITUTION, res-ti-t[=u]'shun, _n._ act of restoring what was lost or -taken away: indemnification: making good: (_law_) the restoration of what a -party had gained by a judgment.--_v.t._ RES'TIT[=U]TE (_obs._), to -restore.--_adj._ RES'TIT[=U]TIVE.--_n._ RES'TIT[=U]TOR. [L. -_restitutio_--_restitu[)e]re_, to set up again--_re-_, again, -_statu[)e]re_, to make to stand.] - -RESTIVE, res'tiv, _adj._ unwilling to go forward: obstinate: jibbing back -like a restive horse.--_adv._ RES'TIVELY.--_n._ RES'TIVENESS. [O. Fr. -_restif_--L. _rest[=a]re_, to rest.] - -RESTLESS, rest'les, _adj._ in continual motion: uneasy: passed in -unquietness: seeking change or action: unsettled: turbulent.--_adv._ -REST'LESSLY.--_n._ REST'LESSNESS. [_Rest_, cessation from motion.] - -RESTORE, r[=e]-st[=o]r', _v.t._ to repair: to replace: to return: to bring -back to its former state: to revive: to cure: to compensate: to mend: -(_mus._) to bring a note back to its original signification.--_adj._ -REST[=O]R'ABLE, that may be restored to a former owner or condition.--_ns._ -REST[=O]R'ABLENESS, the state or quality of being restorable; -REST[=O]R[=A]'TION, act of restoring: replacement: recovery: revival: -reparation: renewal: restoration of a building to its original design: -(_theol._) receiving of a sinner to the divine favour: the final recovery -of all men: (_palaeont._) the proper adjustment of the bones of an extinct -animal; REST[=O]R[=A]'TIONIST, one who holds the belief that after a -purgation all wicked men and angels will be restored to the favour of God, -a universalist.--_adj._ REST[=O]R'ATIVE, able or tending to restore, esp. -to strength and vigour.--_n._ a medicine that restores.--_adv._ -REST[=O]R'ATIVELY.--_ns._ REST[=O]RE'MENT; REST[=O]R'ER.--THE RESTORATION, -the re-establishment of the monarchy with the return of Charles II. in -1660. [Fr. _restaurer_--L. _restaur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_re-_, again, root -_st[=a]re_, to stand.] - -RESTRAIN, r[=e]-str[=a]n', _v.t._ to hold back: to check: to withhold, to -forbid: to hinder: to limit.--_adj._ RESTRAIN'ABLE, capable of being -restrained.--_adv._ RESTRAIN'EDLY.--_n._ RESTRAIN'ER (_phot._), a chemical -used to retard the act of the developer in an overexposed plate, -&c.--_p.adj._ RESTRAIN'ING.--_ns._ RESTRAIN'MENT; RESTRAINT', act of -restraining: state of being restrained: want of liberty: limitation: -hinderance: reserve; RESTRAINT'-BED, -CHAIR, used for the insane. [O. Fr. -_restraindre_--L. _restring[)e]re_, _restrictum_--_re-_, back, -_string[)e]re_, to draw tightly.] - -RESTRENGTHEN, r[=e]-strength'n, _v.t._ to strengthen anew. - -RESTRIALL, r[=e]-str[=i]'al, _adj._ (_her._) divided barwise, palewise, and -pilewise. - -RESTRICT, r[=e]-strikt', _v.t._ to limit: to confine: to repress: to attach -limitations.--_adv._ RESTRIC'TEDLY.--_n._ RESTRIC'TION, act of restricting: -limitation: confinement.--_adj._ RESTRIC'TIVE, having the power or tendency -to restrict: astringent.--_adv._ RESTRIC'TIVELY.--_n._ RESTRIC'TIVENESS, -the state or quality of being restrictive. [_Restrain._] - -RESTRIKE, r[=e]-str[=i]k', _v.t._ to strike again, as a coin. - -RESTRINGE, r[=e]-strinj', _v.t._ to contract: to astringe.--_ns._ -RESTRIN'GEND, RESTRIN'GENT, an astringent. - -RESTY, rest'i, _adj._ (_Spens._) restive: (_Milt._) disposed to rest, -indolent. - -RESUBLIME, r[=e]-sub-l[=i]m', _v.t._ to sublime again.--_n._ -RESUBLIM[=A]'TION. - -RESUDATION, r[=e]-s[=u]-d[=a]'shun, _n._ a sweating again. - -RESULT, r[=e]-zult', _v.i._ to issue (with _in_): to follow as a -consequence from facts: to rebound: to be the outcome: to terminate.--_n._ -consequence: conclusion: decision: resolution, as the result of a -council.--_n._ RESUL'TANCE, act of resulting.--_adj._ RESUL'TANT, resulting -from combination.--_n._ (_phys._) a force compounded of two or more -forces.--_n._ RESUL'T[=A]TE (_obs._), a result.--_adjs._ RESULT'FUL, having -results or effect; RESUL'TIVE; RESULT'LESS, without result.--_n._ -RESULT'LESSNESS.--RESULTANT TONE, a tone produced by the simultaneous -sounding of two sustained tones; RESULTING FORCE, a motion which is the -result of two or more motions combined. [Fr.,--L. -_result[=a]re_--_resil[=i]re_. Cf. _Resilient_.] - -RESUME, r[=e]-z[=u]m', _v.t._ to take back what has been given: to take up -again: to begin again after interruption.--_adj._ RES[=U]'MABLE, liable to -be taken back again, or taken up again. [L. _resum[)e]re_--_re-_, back, -_sum[)e]re_, _sumptum_, to take.] - -R['E]SUM['E], r[=a]-z[=u]-m[=a]', _n._ a summing up: a summary.--_v.t._ -RESUME'. [Fr.,--L. _resum[)e]re_, to resume.] - -RESUMMON, r[=e]-sum'un, _v.t._ to summon again: to recover.--_n._ -RESUMM'ONS, a second summons. - -RESUMPTION, r[=e]-zump'shun, _n._ act of resuming or taking back again, as -the resumption of a grant: the return to special payments.--_adj._ -RESUMP'TIVE.--_n._ a restoring medicine. - -RESUPINATE, r[=e]-s[=u]'pin-[=a]t, _adj._ lying on the back: (_bot._) -inverted in position by a twisting of the stalk upside down--also -RES[=U]PINE'.--_n._ RESUPIN[=A]'TION. [L. _resupinatus_, pa.p. pass. of -_resupin[=a]re_, to bend back--_re-_, back, _supinus_, bent backward.] - -RESURGE, r[=e]-surj', _v.i._ to rise again.--_n._ RESUR'GENCE.--_adj._ -RESUR'GENT, rising again or from the dead.--_v.t._ RESURRECT' (_coll._), to -restore to life.--_n._ RESURREC'TION, the rising again from the dead: the -life thereafter: a restoration: body-snatching.--_adj._ -RESURREC'TIONARY.--_v.t._ RESURREC'TIONISE.--_ns._ RESURREC'TIONIST, -RESURREC'TION-MAN, one who steals bodies from the grave for dissection. [L. -_re-_, again, _surg[)e]re_, _surrectum_, to rise.] - -RESURPRISE, r[=e]-sur-pr[=i]z', _n._ a second surprise. - -RESURVEY, r[=e]-sur-v[=a]', _v.t._ to survey again, to review.--_n._ a -second or renewed survey. - -RESUSCITATE, r[=e]-sus'i-t[=a]t, _v.t._ to revive, to revivify.--_v.i._ to -revive: to awaken and come to life again.--_adjs._ RESUS'CITABLE; -RESUS'CITANT.--_n._ one who, or that which, resuscitates.--_n._ -RESUSCIT[=A]'TION, act of reviving from a state of apparent death: state of -being revivified.--_adj._ RESUS'CIT[=A]TIVE, tending to resuscitate: -reviving: revivifying: reanimating.--_n._ RESUS'CIT[=A]TOR, one who -resuscitates.--RESUSCITATIVE FACULTY, the reproductive faculty of the mind. -[L. _re-_, again, _suscit[=a]re_--_sus-_, _sub-_, from beneath, -_cit[=a]re_, to put into quick motion--_ci[=e]re_, to make to go.] - -RET, ret, _v.t._ to expose hemp, jute, &c. to moisture. - -RETABLE, r[=e]-t[=a]'bl, _n._ a shelf behind the altar for the display of -lights, vases of flowers, &c. [Fr.] - -RETAIL, r[=e]-t[=a]l', _v.t._ to sell or deal out in small parts: to sell -in broken parts, or at second hand: to hand down by report.--_adj._ -pertaining to retail.--_ns._ R[=E]'TAIL, the sale of goods in small -quantities; RETAIL'ER; RETAIL'MENT. [Fr. _retailler_, to cut again--_re-_, -again, _tailler_, to cut.] - -RETAILLE, r[.e]-ta-ly[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) cut or divided twice. - -RETAIN, r[=e]-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to keep in possession: to detain: to employ -by a fee paid: to restrain: to keep up, as to retain a custom: to keep in -mind.--_adj._ RETAIN'ABLE, that may be retained.--_ns._ RETAIN'ER, one who -is retained or kept in service: a dependant, but higher than a servant: a -sutler: a retaining fee; RETAIN'ERSHIP; RETAIN'MENT.--RETAINING FEE, the -advance fee paid to a lawyer to defend a cause; RETAINING WALL, a wall to -prevent a bank from slipping down.--GENERAL RETAINER, a fee to secure a -priority of claim on a counsel's services; SPECIAL RETAINER, a fee for a -particular case. [Fr.,--L. _retin[=e]re_--_re-_, back, _ten[=e]re_, to -hold.] - -RETAKE, r[=e]-t[=a]k', _v.t._ to take or receive again: to recapture. - -RETALIATE, r[=e]-tal'i-[=a]t, _v.t._ to return like for like: to -repay.--_v.i._ to return like for like.--_n._ RETALI[=A]'TION, act of -retaliating: 'lex talionis:' retribution.--_adjs._ RETAL'I[=A]TIVE, -RETAL'I[=A]TORY, returning like for like. [L. _retali[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--_re-_, in return, _talio_, _-onis_, like for like--_talis_, of -such a kind.] - -RETAMA, re-t[:a]'m[:a], or re-t[=a]'m[:a], _n._ a group of yellow-flowered -shrubs, with rush-like branches. - -RETARD, r[=e]-t[:a]rd', _v.t._ to keep back: to delay: to defer.--_adj._ -RETAR'DANT.--_n._ RETARD[=A]'TION, delay: hinderance: obstacle: (_phys._) a -continuous decrement in velocity: in acoustics, the distance by which one -wave is behind another: (_mus._) the act of diminishing the rate of speed: -(_teleg._) decrease in the speed of telegraph signalling.--_adjs._ -RETAR'D[=A]TIVE, tending or serving to retard; RETAR'D[=A]TORY.--_ns._ -RETAR'DER; RETARD'MENT.--RETARDATION OF MEAN SOLAR TIME, the change of the -sun's right ascension in a sidereal day. [Fr.,--L. _retard[=a]re_--_re-_, -inten., _tard[=a]re_, to make slow--_tardus_, slow.] - -RETCH, rech, _v.i._ to try to vomit: to strain: to reach. [A.S. -_hr['ae]can_--_hr['ae]c_, a cough; Ice. _hraekja_.] - -RETCHLESS, rech'les, _adj._ (_obs._) reckless.--_adv._ RETCH'LESSLY.--_n._ -RETCH'LESSNESS. - -RETE, r[=e]'t[=e], _n._ a network of blood-vessels, a plexus.--_adjs._ -RET[=E]'CIOUS; R[=E]'TIAL. - -RETECTION, r[=e]-tek'shun, _n._ the act of disclosing something concealed. - -RETELL, r[=e]-tel', _v.t._ to tell again. - -RETENTION, r[=e]-ten'shun, _n._ act or power of retaining: memory: -restraint: custody: preservation: (_med._) power of retaining, inability to -void: (_Scots law_) a lien, the right of withholding a debt until a debt -due to the claimant is paid.--_n._ RETENT', that which is retained.--_adj._ -RETEN'TIVE, having power to retain.--_adv._ RETEN'TIVELY.--_ns._ -RETEN'TIVENESS, RETENTIV'ITY; RETEN'TOR, a muscle which serves to retain an -organ in place.--MAGNETIC RETENTIVENESS, coercive force. - -RETEPORE, r[=e]'te-p[=o]r, _n._ a coral of the genus _Reteporidae_. - -RETEX, r[=e]-teks', _v.t._ to annul. - -RETEXTURE, r[=e]-tekst'[=u]r, _n._ a second or new texture. - -RETIARY, r[=e]'shi-[=a]-ri, _adj._ net-like: constructing a web to catch -prey: provided with a net.--_n._ a gladiator who fights with a net--also -RETI[=A]'RIUS.--_n.pl._ R[=E]'TI[=A]RIAE, the spinning spiders. [L. -_retiarius_--_rete_, a net.] - -RETICENCE, ret'i-sens, _n._ concealment by silence: reserve in speech--also -RET'ICENCY.--_adj._ RET'ICENT, concealing by silence: reserved in speech. -[Fr.,--L. _retic[=e]re_--_re-_, _tac[=e]re_, to be silent.] - -RETICLE, ret'i-kl, _n._ Same as RETICULE. - -RETICULE, ret'i-k[=u]l, RETICLE, ret'i-kl, _n._ a little network bag: a -lady's workbag: an attachment to a telescope consisting of a network of -lines ruled on glass.--_adj._ RETIC'ULAR, having the form of network: -formed with interstices: (_anat._) cellular.--_ns._ RETICUL[=A]'R[=E]; -RETICUL[=A]'RIA, a genus of the myxomycetous fungi.--_n.pl._ -RETICULARI[=A]'CEAE.--_adjs._ RETICUL[=A]'RIAN; -RETICUL[=A]'RIOUS.--__adv.__ RETIC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ RETIC'ULARY; -RETIC'UL[=A]TE, -D, netted: having the form or structure of a net: having -veins crossing like network, as a reticulate leaf.--_n._ RETICUL[=A]'TION, -a method of copying a painting by the help of threads stretched across a -frame.--_adj._ RETIC'UL[=O]SE, finely reticulate.--_n._ RETIC'ULUM, a -network: the second stomach of a ruminant: a southern -constellation.--RETICULAR CARTILAGE, a cartilage in which the matrix is -permeated with elastic fibres; RETICULAR LAYER OF SKIN, the deeper part of -the corium; RETICULATED GLASS, ware made from glass, in which one set of -coloured lines meets with another; RETICULATED MICROMETER, a micrometer for -an optical instrument with a reticule in the focus of an eyepiece; -RETICULATED MOULDING, a fillet interlaced in various ways; RETICULATED -WORK, masonry constructed with diamond-shaped stones. [L. -_reticulum_--_rete_, net.] - -RETIERC['E], r[=e]-ty[=a]r's[=a], _adj._ (_her._) divided fesswise into -three equal parts. - -RETIFERA, r[=e]-tif'er-a, _n._ the true limpet. - -RETIFORM, r[=e]'ti-form, _adj._ having the form or structure of a net. [L. -_rete_, net, _forma_, form.] - -RETINA, ret'i-na, _n._ the innermost coating of the eye, consisting of a -fine network of optic nerves.--_adj._ RET'INAL, pertaining to the retina of -the eye.--_n._ RETIN[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the retina. [Fr.,--L. _rete_, -a net.] - -RETINACULUM, ret-i-nak'[=u]-lum, _n._ (_anat._) a connecting band: one of -the annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones of the -larger joints: (_zool._) one of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of -certain worms: (_bot._) a small viscid gland. - -RETINALITE, r[=e]-tin'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a green translucent variety of -serpentine. - -RETINERVED, r[=e]'ti-n[.e]rvd, _adj._ netted, veined. - -RETINITE, ret'i-n[=i]t, _n._ pitch-stone or obsidian. - -RETINOID, ret'i-noid, _adj._ resin-like. - -RETINOL, ret'i-nol, _n._ a hydro-carbon oil used in printers' ink. - -RETINOPHORA, ret-i-nof'[=o]-ra, _n._ a cell of the embryonic eye of -anthropods. - -RETINOSCOPY, ret'in-[=o]-sk[=o]-pi, _n._ examination of the retina with an -ophthalmoscope. - -RETINOSPORA, ret-in-os'p[=o]-ra, _n._ a genus of coniferous trees, in use -for lawn decoration. - -RETINUE, ret'i-n[=u], _n._ the body of retainers who follow a person of -rank: a suite: a cortege. [_Retain._] - -RETINULA, r[=e]-tin'[=u]-la, _n._ (_entom._) a group of pigmented -cells.--_adj._ RETIN'ULAR. - -RETIPED, r[=e]'tip-ed, _n._ having reticulated tarsi. - -RETIRACY, r[=e]-t[=i]r'[=a]-si, _n._ retirement. - -RETIRADE, ret-i-r[:a]d', _n._ a retrenchment in the body of a bastion which -a garrison may defend. [Fr.] - -RETIRE, r[=e]-t[=i]r', _v.i._ to draw back: to retreat: to recede: to go to -bed.--_v.t._ to withdraw from circulation, as to retire a bill: to cause to -retire.--_n._ a call sounded on a bugle: act of retiring: retreat: (_obs._) -a place of retreat.--_n._ RET[=I]'RAL, the act of taking up a bill when -due.--_adj._ RETIRED', withdrawn: secluded: private: withdrawn from -business.--__adv.__ RETIRED'LY.--_ns._ RETIRED'NESS; RETIRE'MENT, act of -retiring or withdrawing from society or from public life, or of an army: -state of being retired: solitude: privacy.--_p.adj._ RETIR'ING, reserved: -unobtrusive: retreating: modest: given to one who retires from a public -office or service.--RETIRED LIST, a list of officers who are relieved from -active service but receive a certain amount of pay. [O. Fr. -_retirer_--_re-_, back, _tirer_, to draw.] - -RETITELAE, ret-i-t[=e]'l[=e], _n.pl._ a group of spiders which spin -irregular webs.--_n._ RETITEL[=A]'RIAN. - -RETOLD, r[=e]-t[=o]ld', _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of _retell_. - -RETORQUE, r[=e]-t[=o]rk', _v.t._ (_obs._) to turn back. - -RETORSION, r[=e]-t[=o]r'shun, _n._ retaliation. - -[Illustration] - -RETORT, r[=e]-tort', _v.t._ to throw back: to return: to retaliate: to -separate by means of a retort.--_v.i._ to make a sharp reply.--_n._ a ready -and sharp reply: a witty answer: a vessel used in distillation, properly a -spiral tube.--_p.adj._ RETOR'TED (_her._), interlaced.--_ns._ RETOR'TER; -RETOR'TION.--_adj._ RETOR'TIVE.--_n._ RETORT'-SEAL'ER, an instrument for -removing the encrustation in coal-gas retorts. [Fr.,--L. _retortum_, pa.p. -of _retorqu[=e]re_--_re-_, back, _torqu[=e]re_, to twist.] - -RETOSS, r[=e]-tos', _v.t._ to toss back. - -RETOUCH, r[=e]-tuch', _v.t._ to improve, as a picture, by new -touches.--_n._ the reapplication of the artist's hand to a work: (_phot._) -the act of finishing and correcting.--_ns._ RETOUCH'ER; -RETOUCH'MENT.--RETOUCHING FRAME, a desk formed of fine ground glass, used -for retouching negatives. - -RETOUR, r[=e]-t[=oo]r', _n._ a returning: (_Scots law_) an extract from -chancery of the service of an heir to his ancestor.--_adj._ RETOURED'. - -RETOURN, r[=e]-turn', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to turn back. - -RETRACE, r[=e]-tr[=a]s', _v.t._ to trace back: to go back by the same -course: to renew the outline of: to repeat.--_adj._ RETRACE'ABLE. - -RETRACT, r[=e]-trakt', _v.t._ to retrace or draw back: to recall: to -recant.--_v.i._ to take back what has been said or granted.--_adjs._ -RETRAC'TABLE, RETRAC'TIBLE, capable of being retracted or recalled.--_n._ -RETRACT[=A]'TION.--_p.adj._ RETRAC'TED (_her._), couped by a line diagonal -to the main direction: (_bot._) bent back.--_adj._ RETRAC'TILE, that may be -drawn back, as claws.--_n._ RETRAC'TION, act of retracting or drawing back: -recantation.--_adj._ RETRAC'TIVE, able or ready to retract.--_adv._ -RETRAC'TIVELY.--_n._ RETRAC'TOR, one who, or that which, retracts or draws -back: in breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a -cartridge-shell from the barrel: (_surg._) an instrument for holding apart -the edges of a wound during operation: a bandage to protect the soft parts -from injury by the saw: (_zool._) a muscle serving to draw in any part. -[Fr.,--L. _retrah[)e]re_, _retractum_--_re-_, back, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] - -RETRAD, r[=e]'trad, _adv._ (_anat._) backward. - -RETRAHENS, r[=e]'tr[=a]-henz, _n._ (_anat._) a muscle which draws the ear -backward.--_adj._ R[=E]'TR[=A]HENT. - -RETRAIT, r[=e]-tr[=a]t', _n._ (_Spens._) a picture, a portrait: -aspect.--_adj._ retired. [O. Fr.,--_retraire_, to draw back, to take a -portrait--L. _retrah[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _trah[)e]re_, to draw.] - -RETRAL, r[=e]'tral, _adj._ back, posterior. - -RETRANCH['E], re-trong-sh[=a]', _adj._ (_her._) divided bend-wise twice or -into three parts. - -RETRANSFER, r[=e]-trans-f[.e]r', _v.t._ to transfer back.--_n._ -RETRANS'FER. - -RETRANSFORM, r[=e]-trans-form', _v.t._ to transform or change back -again.--_n._ RETRANSFORM[=A]'TION, a second or renewed transformation: a -change back to a former state. - -RETRANSLATE, r[=e]-trans-l[=a]t', _v.t._ to translate anew: to translate -back into the original languages.--_n._ RETRANSL[=A]'TION. - -RETRANSMISSION, r[=e]-trans-mish'un, _n._ a repeated transmission.--_v.t._ -R[=E]'TRANSMIT. - -RETRATE, r[=e]-tr[=a]t', _n._ (_Spens._)=_retreat_. - -RETRAVERSE, r[=e]-trav'[.e]rs, _v.t._ to traverse again. - -RETRAXIT, r[=e]-trak'sit, _n._ (_law_) the open renunciation of a suit in -court. - -RETREAT, r[=e]-tr[=e]t', _n._ a drawing back or retracing one's steps: -retirement: place of privacy: withdrawal: a place of security: a shelter: -(_mil._) the act of retiring in order from before the enemy, or from an -advanced position: the signal for retiring from an engagement or to -quarters: a special season of religious meditation.--_v.i._ to draw back: -to recede: to consider: to retire, esp. to a place of shelter: to retire -before an enemy or from an advanced position: in fencing, to move back so -as to avoid the point of the adversary's sword: to slope back, as a -retreating forehead.--_ns._ RETREAT'ER; RETREAT'MENT. [O. Fr. _retrete_--L. -_retractus_, pa.p. of _retrah[)e]re_.] - -RETREE, r[=e]-tr[=e]', _n._ in paper-making, broken or imperfect paper. - -RETRENCH, r[=e]-trensh', _v.t._ to cut off or away: to render less: to -curtail.--_v.i._ to live at less expense: to economise.--_n._ -RETRENCH'MENT, cutting off: lessening or abridging: reduction: economy: -(_fort._) a work within another for prolonging the defence. [O. Fr. -_retrencher_ (Fr. _retrancher_)--_re-_, off, _trencher_, to cut, which, -acc. to Littr['e], is from L. _trunc[=a]re_, to cut off.] - -RETRIAL, r[=e]-tr[=i]'al, _n._ a repetition of trial. - -RETRIBUTE, r[=e]-trib'[=u]t, _v.t._ to give back: to make repayment -of.--_ns._ R[=E]TRIB'[=U]TER, -OR; RETRIB[=U]'TION, repayment: suitable -return: reward or punishment: retaliation.--_adjs._ R[=E]TRIB'[=U]TIVE, -repaying: rewarding or punishing suitably; R[=E]TRIB'[=U]TORY. [L. -_retributio_--_retribu[)e]re_, to give back--_re-_, back, _tribu[)e]re_, to -give.] - -RETRIEVE, r[=e]-tr[=e]v', _v.t._ to recover: to recall or bring back: to -bring back to a former state: to repair: to search for and fetch, as a dog -does game--also _n._ (_obs._).--_adj._ RETRIEV'ABLE, that may be -recovered.--_n._ RETRIEV'ABLENESS, the state of being retrievable.--_adv._ -RETRIEV'ABLY.--_ns._ RETRIEV'AL; RETRIEVE'MENT; RETRIEV'ER, a dog trained -to find and fetch game that has been shot. [O. Fr. _retreuver_ (Fr. -_retrouver_)--_re-_, again, _trouver_, to find--Low L. _tropare_--L. -_tropus_, a song--Gr. _tropos_, a trope.] - -RETRIM, r[=e]-trim', _v.t._ to trim again. - -RETRIMENT, ret'ri-ment, _n._ dregs. [L. _retrimentum._] - -RETROACT, r[=e]-tr[=o]-akt', _v.i._ to act backward, or in return or -opposition, or on something past or preceding.--_n._ RETROAC'TION.--_adj._ -RETROAC'TIVE.--_adv._ RETROAC'TIVELY, in a retroactive manner: by operating -on something past.--RETROACTIVE LAW, a retrospective law. [L. _retroactus_, -_retroag[)e]re_--_retro_, backward, _ag[)e]re_, _actum_, to do.] - -RETROBULBAR, r[=e]-tr[=o]-bul'b[:a]r, _adj._ being behind the eyeball. - -RETROCEDE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-s[=e]d', _v.t._ to go back: to relapse: to retire: -to give back.--_adj._ RETROC[=E]'DENT.--_n._ RETROCES'SION (_med._), the -disappearance of a tumour inwardly: a retreating outline: (_Scots law_) the -act of retroceding, or giving back, as of a right by an assignee. [Fr.,--L. -_retroced[)e]re_, _-cessum_--_retro_, backward, _ced[)e]re_, to go.] - -RETROCHOIR, r[=e]'tr[=o]-kw[=i]r, _n._ (_archit._) an extension of a church -behind the high altar, as a chapel. - -RETROCLUSION, r[=e]-tr[=o]-kl[=oo]'zhun, _n._ a method of using the pin in -acupressure. - -RETROCOLLIC, r[=e]-tr[=o]-kol'ik, _adj._ pertaining to the back of the -neck. - -RETRODATE, r[=e]'tr[=o]-d[=a]t, _v.t._ to assign a date to a book earlier -than its actual publication. - -RETRODUCT, r[=e]-tr[=o]-dukt', _v.t._ to draw back: to withdraw.--_n._ -RETRODUC'TION. - -RETROFLEX, r[=e]'tr[=o]-fleks, _adj._ reflexed, bent backward--also -R[=E]'TROFLEXED.--_n._ RETROFLEC'TION. [L. _retro_, backward, -_flect[)e]re_, _flexum_, to bend.] - -RETROFRACT, -ED, r[=e]'tr[=o]-frakt, -ed, _adj._ (_bot._) bent sharply -back, so as to appear as if broken. [L. _retro_, backward, _fractus_, pa.p. -of _frang[)e]re_, _fractum_, to break.] - -RETROGRADE, ret'r[=o]-, or r[=e]'tr[=o]-gr[=a]d, _adj._ going backward: -falling from better to worse: contrary: (_biol._) becoming less highly -organised, as 'a retrograde theory:' swimming backwards, as many animals: -(_astron._) moving westwards relatively to the fixed stars.--_v.i._ to go -backwards.--_ns._ RETROGRAD[=A]'TION, deterioration; R[=E]'TROGRESS, -falling off; R[=E]TROGRES'SION, a going backward: a decline in quality or -merit.--_adjs._ R[=E]TROGRES'SIONAL, R[=E]TROGRESS'IVE.--_adv._ -R[=E]TROGRESS'IVELY.--_n._ R[=E]TROGRESS'IVENESS. [L. _retrogradus_, going -backward--_retro_, backward, _gradi_, _gressus_, to go.] - -RETROLINGUAL, r[=e]-tr[=o]-ling'gwal, _adj._ serving to retract the tongue. - -RETROMINGENT, r[=e]-tr[=o]-min'jent, _adj._ urinating backward.--_n._ -RETROMIN'GENCY.--_adv._ RETROMIN'GENTLY. - -RETRO-OCULAR, r[=e]-tr[=o]-ok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ situated behind the eyeball. - -RETRO-OPERATIVE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-op'e-r[=a]-tiv, _adj._ retrospective in -effect. - -RETROPOSITION, r[=e]-tr[=o]-p[=o]-zish'un, _n._ displacement backward. - -RETROPULSION, r[=e]-tr[=o]-pul'shun, _n._ a disorder of locomotion: -repulsion.--_adj._ RETROPUL'SIVE. - -RETRORSE, r[=e]-trors', _adj._ turned back or downward--_adv._ RETRORSE'LY. - -RETROSERRATE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-ser'[=a]t, _adj._ (_entom._) armed with minute -retrorse teeth. - -RETROSPECT, ret'r[=o]-spekt, or r[=e]'-, _n._ a looking back: a -contemplation of the past: the past.--_n._ RETROSPEC'TION, the act or -faculty of looking back on the past.--_adj._ RETROSPEC'TIVE.--_adv._ -RETROSPEC'TIVELY. [L. _retrospectus_, pa.p. of _retrospic[)e]re_--_retro_, -back, _spec[)e]re_, to look.] - -RETROSTERNAL, r[=e]-tr[=o]-ster'nal, _adj._ being behind the sternum. - -RETROTARSAL, r[=e]-tr[=o]-tar'sal, _adj._ being behind the tarsus of the -eye. - -RETROTRACHEAL, r[=e]-tr[=o]-tr[=a]'k[=e]-al, _adj._ being at the back of -the trachea. - -RETROUSSAGE, re-tr[=oo]-sazh', _n._ a method of producing effective tones -in the printing of etchings by skilful treatment of the ink in certain -parts. - -RETROUSS['E], re-tr[=oo]-s[=a]', _adj._ turned up: pug. - -RETROVACCINATE, r[=e]-tr[=o]-vak'si-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to vaccinate a cow with -human virus.--_ns._ RETROVACCIN[=A]'TION; RETROVAC'CINE. - -RETROVENE, r[=e]'tr[=o]-v[=e]n, _adj._ inclined backward. - -RETROVERT, r[=e]'tr[=o]-v[.e]rt, _v.t._ to turn back.--_n._ one who returns -to his original creed.--_n._ RETROVER'SION, a turning or falling back. [L. -_retro_, backward, _vert[)e]re_, to turn.] - -RETROVISION, r[=e]-tr[=o]-vizh'un, _n._ the power of mentally seeing past -events. - -RETRUDE, r[=e]-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust back.--_adj._ RETRUSE'.--_n._ -RETRU'SION. [L. _retrud[)e]re_, _retrusum_.] - -RETRY, r[=e]-tr[=i]', _v.t._ to try again: to put on trial a second time. - -RETTING, ret'ing, _n._ the act or process of preparing flax for use by -rotting the useless part of the plant.--_n._ RETT'ERY. [Conn. with _rot_.] - -RETUND, r[=e]-tund', _v.t._ to blunt, as the edge of a weapon. - -RETURN, r[=e]-turn', _v.i._ to come back to the same place or state: to -answer: to retort: to turn back: to repeat: to revert: to recur: to -reappear.--_v.t._ to bring or send back: to transmit: to give back: to -repay: to give back in reply: to report: to give an account: to cast back: -to reflect: to re-echo: to revolve: to restore: to requite: to return a -call: to elect, as a member of parliament: in card-playing, to lead back in -response to the lead of one's partner: in tennis, to bat the ball back over -the net: in fencing, to give a thrust or cut after parrying a -sword-thrust.--_n._ the act of going back: revolution: periodic renewal: -the act of bringing or sending back: restitution: repayment: the profit on -capital or labour: a reply: a report or account, esp. official: (_pl._) a -light-coloured and mild kind of tobacco: (_law_) the rendering back of a -writ to the proper officer: (_mil._) the return of the men fit for duty: -(_archit._) the continuation in a different direction of the face of a -building, as a moulding.--_adj._ RETUR'NABLE, legally requiring to be -returned.--_ns._ RETURN'-BEND, a pipe-coupling in the shape of the letter -[U shape]; RETURN'-CAR'GO, a cargo brought back in place of merchandise -previously sent out; RETURN'-CHECK, a ticket for readmission; RETURN'-DAY, -the day fixed when the defendant is to appear in court; RETUR'NER; -RETUR'NING-OFF'ICER, the officer who makes returns of writs, &c.: the -presiding officer at an election.--_adj._ RETURN'LESS.--_ns._ -RETURN'-MATCH, a second match played by the same set of players; -RETURN'-SHOCK, an electric shock due to the action of induction sometimes -felt after a lightning-flash; RETURN'-TAG, a tag attached to a railway-car -as evidence of its due arrival; RETURN'-TICK'ET, a ticket issued by a -company for a journey and its return, usually at a reduced charge; -RETURN'-VALVE, a valve which opens to allow reflux of a fluid in case of -overflow. [Fr. _retourner_--_re-_, back, _tourner_, to turn--L. -_torn[=a]re_, to turn.] - -RETUSE, r[=e]-t[=u]s', _adj._ (_bot._) terminating in a round end, with a -centre somewhat depressed. [L. _retusus_--_retund[)e]re_, to blunt.] - -RETYRE, r[=e]-t[=i]r', _n._ (_Spens._) retirement. - -RETZIA, ret'si-a, _n._ a genus of brachiopods. - -REUNE, r[=e]-[=u]n', _v.t._ (_obs._) to reunite.--_v.i._ to hold a -reunion.--_adjs._ RE[=U]'NIENT; RE[=U]'NITIVE. - -REUNION, r[=e]-[=u]n'yun, _n._ a union after separation: an assembly or -social gathering. [Fr. _r['e]union_--_re-_, again, _union_, union.] - -REUNITE, r[=e]-[=u]-n[=i]t', _v.t._ to join after separation: to reconcile -after variance.--_v.i._ to become united again: to join again.--_v.t._ -RE[=U]'NIFY.--_adv._ REUN[=I]'TEDLY.--_n._ REUNI'TION.--_adj._ -RE[=U]'NITIVE. - -REURGE, r[=e]-urj', _v.t._ to urge again. - -REUS, r[=e]'us, _n._ (_law_) a defendant. [L.] - -REUSE, r[=e]-[=u]z', _v.t._ to use again.--_n._ (r[=e]-[=u]s') repeated -use. - -REUTILISE, r[=e]-[=u]'til-[=i]z, _v.t._ to make use of a second time. - -REUTTER, r[=e]-ut'[.e]r, _v.t._ to utter again. - -REV., an abridgment of _Reverend_, in addressing clergymen, as 'Rev. Thomas -Davidson;' deans are styled 'Very Reverend,' also principals of -universities in Scotland, if clergymen, and the moderator of the General -Assembly for the time being; bishops are styled 'Right Reverend,' and -archbishops, 'Most Reverend.' - -REVACCINATE, r[=e]-vak'si-n[=a]t, _v.t._ to vaccinate again.--_n._ -REVACCIN[=A]'TION. - -REVALENTA, rev-a-len'ta, _n._ the ordinary name of lentil-meal. - -REVALESCENT, rev-a-les'ent, _adj._ beginning to grow well.--_n._ -REVALES'CENCE. - -REVALUE, r[=e]-val'[=u], _v.t._ to value again.--_n._ REVALU[=A]'TION. - -REVAMP, r[=e]-vamp', _v.t._ to patch up again. - -REVE, rev, _v.i._ (_obs._) to dream. [_Rave._] - -REVEAL, r[=e]-v[=e]l', _v.t._ to unveil: to make known, as by divine -agency: to disclose.--_n._ REVEALABIL'ITY.--_adj._ REVEAL'ABLE.--_ns._ -REVEAL'ABLENESS; REVEAL'ER; REVEAL'MENT, revelation.--REVEALED RELIGION, -that which has been supernaturally revealed. [O. Fr. _reveler_ (Fr. -_r['e]v['e]ler_)--L. _revel[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _vel[=a]re_, to -veil--_velum_, a veil.] - -REVEAL, r[=e]-v[=e]l', _n._ (_archit._) the square ingoing of a window, -doorway, or the like, between the frame and the outer surface of the -wall.--Also REVEL'. - -REVEHENT, r[=e]'v[=e]-hent, _adj._ carrying forth: taking away. - -REVEILLE, re-v[=a]l'ye, _n._ the sound of the drum or bugle at daybreak to -awaken soldiers. [O. Fr. _reveil_--_re-_, again, _esveiller_, to awake--L. -_vigil[=a]re_, to watch.] - -REVEL, rev'el, _v.i._ to feast in a riotous or noisy manner: to -carouse.--_v.i._ to draw back:--_pr.p._ rev'elling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -rev'elled.--_n._ a riotous feast: carousal: a kind of dance: a wake.--_ns._ -REV'EL-COIL, REV'EL-DASH (_obs._), a wild revel; REV'ELLER, one who takes -part in carousals: a low liver; REV'EL-MAS'TER, the director of Christmas -revels: the lord of misrule; REV'ELMENT; REV'EL-ROUT, lawless revelry; -REV'ELRY, riotous or noisy festivity. [O. Fr. _reveler_--L. _rebell[=a]re_, -to rebel.] - -REVELATION, rev-[=e]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of revealing: that which is -revealed: the revealing divine truth: that which is revealed by God to man: -the Apocalypse or last book of the New Testament.--_adj._ -REVEL[=A]'TIONAL.--_n._ REVEL[=A]'TIONIST.--_adj._ REV'EL[=A]TORY. -[Fr.,--L. _revelatio_--_revel[=a]re_, to reveal.] - -REVELLENT, r[=e]-vel'ent, _adj._ causing revulsion. - -REVENANT, rev'[=e]-nant, _n._ one who returns after a long absence, esp. -from the dead: a ghost. [Fr.] - -REVENGE, r[=e]-venj', _v.t._ to punish in return: to avenge.--_v.i._ to -take vengeance.--_n._ the act of revenging: injury inflicted in return: a -malicious injuring in return for an injury received: the passion for -retaliation.--_adj._ REVENGE'FUL, full of revenge or a desire to inflict -injury in return: vindictive: malicious.--_adv._ REVENGE'FULLY.--_n._ -REVENGE'FULNESS.--_adj._ REVENGE'LESS.--_ns._ REVENGE'MENT; -REVENG'ER.--_adv._ REVENG'INGLY.--GIVE ONE HIS REVENGE, to play a return -match with a defeated opponent. [O. Fr. _revenger_, _revencher_ (Fr. -_revancher_)--L. _re-_, in return, _vindic[=a]re_, to lay claim to.] - -REVENUE, rev'en-[=u] (earlier r[=e]-ven'[=u]), _n._ the receipts or rents -from any source: return, as a revenue of praise: income: the income of a -state.--_n._ REV'ENUE-CUT'TER, an armed vessel employed by custom-house -officers in preventing smuggling.--_adj._ REV'ENUED.--_ns._ -REV'ENUE-EN'SIGN, a distinctive flag authorised in 1798 in United States; -REV'ENUE-OFF'ICER, an officer of the customs or excise; IN'LAND-REV'ENUE, -revenue derived from stamps, excise, income-tax, &c. [Fr. _revenue_, pa.p. -of _revenir_, to return--L. _reven[=i]re_--_re-_, back, _ven[=i]re_, to -come.] - -REVERBERATE, r[=e]-v[.e]r'b[.e]r-[=a]t, _v.t._ to send back, echo: to -reflect: to drive from side to side: to fuse.--_v.i._ to echo: to resound: -to bound back: to be repelled: to use heat, as in the fusion of -metals.--_v.t._ REVERB' (_Shak._).--_adj._ REVER'BERANT, resounding, -beating back.--_n._ REVERBER[=A]'TION, the reflection of sound, &c.--_adj._ -REVER'BER[=A]TIVE.--_n._ REVER'BER[=A]TOR.--_adj._ -REVER'BER[=A]TORY.--REVERBERATORY FURNACE, a furnace in which the flame is -reflected on the substance to be burned. [L.,--_re-_, back, _verber[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_, to beat--_verber_, a lash.] - -REVERDURE, r[=e]-ver'd[=u]r, _v.t._ to cover again with verdure. - -REVERE, r[=e]-v[=e]r', _v.t._ to regard with respectful awe: to -venerate.--_adj._ REV[=E]R'ABLE, worthy of reverence.--_n._ REV'ERENCE, -fear arising from high respect: respectful awe: veneration: honour: an act -of revering or obeisance: a bow or courtesy: a title of the clergy.--_v.t._ -to regard with reverence: to venerate or honour.--_n._ -REV'ERENCER.--_adjs._ REV'EREND, worthy of reverence: a title of the clergy -(see REV.): (_B._) awful: venerable; REV'ERENT, showing reverence: -submissive: humble; REVEREN'TIAL, proceeding from reverence: respectful: -submissive.--_advs._ REVEREN'TIALLY; REV'ERENTLY.--_n._ RE'VERER, one who -reveres.--DO REVERENCE, to do honour; MAKE REVERENCE, to worship; SAVING -YOUR REVERENCE, with all due respect to you. [O. Fr. _reverer_ (Fr. -_r['e]v['e]rer_)--L. _rever[=e]ri_--_re-_, inten., _ver[=e]ri_, to feel -awe.] - -REVERIE, REVERY, rev'e-ri, _n._ an irregular train of thoughts or fancies -in meditation: voluntary inactivity of the external senses to the -impressions of surrounding objects during wakefulness: mental abstraction: -a waking dream: a brown study.--_n._ REV'ERIST. [O. Fr. _resveri_ (Fr. -_r[^e]verie_)--_resver_, _rever_, to dream.] - -REVERS, re-v[=a]r' (gener. r[=e]-v[=e]r'), _n._ that part of a garment -which is turned back, as the lapel of a coat. - -REVERSE, r[=e]-v[.e]rs', _v.t._ to place in the contrary order or position: -to change wholly: to overthrow: to change by an opposite decision: to -annul: to revoke, as a decree: to recall.--_n._ that which is reversed: the -opposite: the back, esp. of a coin or medal: change: misfortune: a -calamity: in fencing, a back-handed stroke: (_her._) the exact contrary of -what has been described just before, as an escutcheon.--_adj._ turned -backward: having an opposite direction: upset.--_n._ REVER'SAL, act of -reversing.--_adj._ REVERSED', turned or changed to the contrary: inside -out: (_bot._) resupinate.--_adv._ REVER'SEDLY.--_adj._ REVERSE'LESS, -unalterable.--_adv._ REVERSE'LY, in a reverse order: on the other hand: on -the opposite.--_ns._ REVER'SER (_Scots law_), a mortgager of land; -REVER'SI, a game played by two persons with sixty-four counters; -REVERSIBIL'ITY, the capability of being reversed, as of heat into work and -work into heat.--_adj._ REVER'SIBLE, that may be reversed, as in a fabric -having both sides well finished.--_ns._ REVER'SING-CYL'INDER, the cylinder -of a small auxiliary steam-engine; REVER'SING-GEAR, those parts of a -steam-engine by which the direction of the motion is changed; -REVER'SING-L[=E]'VER, a lever in a steam-engine which operates the -slide-valve; REVER'SING-MACHINE', a moulding-machine in founding, in which -the flask can be reversed; REVER'SING-M[=O]'TION, any mechanism for -changing the direction of motion of an engine; REVER'SING-SHAFT, a shaft -which permits a reversal of the order of steam passage through the ports; -REVER'SING-VALVE, the valve of a reversing-cylinder; REVER'SION, the act of -reverting or returning: that which reverts or returns: the return or future -possession of any property after some particular event: the right to future -possession: (_biol._) return to some type of ancestral character: return to -the wild state after domestication.--_adj._ REVER'SIONARY, relating to a -reversion: to be enjoyed in succession: atavic.--_ns._ REVER'SIONER; -REVER'SIS, an old French game of cards in which the aim was to take the -fewest tricks.--_adj._ REVER'SIVE.--_n._ REVER'SO (_print._), any one of -the left-hand pages of a book.--REVERSE A BATTERY, to turn the current of -electricity by means of a commutator; REVERSE SHELL, a univalve shell which -has its volutions the reversed way of the common screw; REVERSIONARY -ANNUITY, a deferred annuity. [L. _reversus_, pa.p. of _revert[)e]re_, to -turn back--_re-_, back, _vert[)e]re_, to turn.] - -REVERT, r[=e]-v[.e]rt', _v.t._ to turn or drive back: to reverse.--_v.i._ -to return: to fall back: to refer back: to return to the original owner or -his heirs.--_adjs._ R[=E]VER'TANT (_her._), flexed, bent twice at a sharp -angle; R[=E]VER'TED, reversed; R[=E]VER'TIBLE, that may revert or be -reverted; R[=E]VER'TIVE, tending to revert: changing: turning to the -contrary.--_adv._ R[=E]VER'TIVELY, by way of reversion. [Fr.,--L. -_revert[)e]re_.] - -REVERY. Same as REVERIE. - -REVEST, r[=e]-vest', _v.t._ (_Spens._) to clothe again: to vest again in a -possession or office.--_v.i._ to take effect again: to return to a former -owner. [Fr.,--L.,--_revest[=i]re_--_re-_, again, _vest[=i]re_, to clothe.] - -REVESTIARY, r[=e]-ves'ti-[=a]-ri, _n._ an apartment in a church in which -ecclesiastical garments are kept. - -REVESTU, r[=e]-ves't[=u], _adj._ (_her._) covered by a square set -diagonally, the corners of which touch the edges of the space covered. [O. -Fr.] - -REVESTURE, r[=e]-ves't[=u]r, _n._ (_obs._) vesture. - -REVET, r[=e]-vet', _v.t._ (_fort._) to face with masonry, &c., as an -embankment with a steep slope.--_n._ REVET'MENT, a retaining wall, a facing -of stone, wood, &c. [Fr. _rev[^e]tir_, to reclothe.] - -REVIBRATE, r[=e]-v[=i]'br[=a]t, _v.i._ to vibrate back or in return.--_n._ -REVIBR[=A]'TION. - -REVICT, r[=e]-vikt', _v.t._ (_obs._) to reconquer.--_n._ REVIC'TION, return -to life, revival. - -REVICTUAL, r[=e]-vit'l, _v.t._ to furnish again with provisions. - -REVIE, r[=e]-v[=i]', _v.t._ to vie with, or rival: to stake a larger sum at -cards: to outdo.--_v.i._ to exceed an adversary's wager in card-playing: to -retort. - -REVIEW, r[=e]-v[=u]', _v.t._ to re-examine: to revise: to examine -critically: to see again: to retrace: to inspect, as a body of -troops.--_n._ a viewing again: a reconsideration: a revision: a careful or -critical examination: a critique: a written discussion: a periodical with -critiques of books, &c.: the inspection of a body of troops or a number of -ships: (_law_) the judicial revision of a higher court.--_adj._ -REVIEW'ABLE, capable of being reviewed.--_ns._ REVIEW'AGE, the work of -reviewing; REVIEW'AL, a review of a book: a critique on a new publication; -REVIEW'ER, an inspector: a writer in a review.--COURT OF REVIEW, the court -of appeal from the commissioners of bankruptcy. [Fr. _revue_, pa.p. of -_revoir_--L. _re-_, again, _vid[=e]re_, to see.] - -REVIGORATE, r[=e]-vig'or-[=a]t, _v.t._ to give new vigour to:--_pr.p._ -revig'or[=a]ting: _pa.p._ revig'or[=a]ted.--_p.adj._ REVIG'OR[=A]TED, -endued with new vigour or strength. [L. _re-_, again, _vigor[=a]tus_, -_vigor[=a]re_--_vigor_, vigour.] - -REVILE, r[=e]-v[=i]l', _v.t._ to reproach: to calumniate.--_v.i._ to speak -contemptuously.--_ns._ REVILE'MENT, the act of reviling, reproach; -REVIL'ER.--_adv._ REVIL'INGLY. [Pfx. _re-_, again, O. Fr. _aviler_, to make -vile, from _a_--L. _ad_, _vil_--L. _vilis_, cheap.] - -REVINCE, r[=e]-vins', _v.t._ (_obs._) to refute, to disprove. - -REVINDICATE, r[=e]-vin'di-k[=a]t, _v.t._ to reclaim, to claim what has been -illegally taken away.--_n._ REVINDIC[=A]'TION. [Low L. _revindic[=a]re_, -_-[=a]tum_--L. _re-_, again, _vindic[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to lay claim to.] - -REVIRE, r[=e]-v[=i]r', _v.t._ (_obs._) to revive.--_n._ REVIRES'CENCE -(_Swinburne_), renewal of youth or vigour. - -REVISE, r[=e]-v[=i]z', _v.t._ to review and amend: to examine with a view -to correction.--_n._ review: a second proof-sheet.--_ns._ REV[=I]'SAL, -REVI'SION, review: re-examination; REV[=I]SED'-VER'SION, a fresh English -translation of the Bible, issued, the New Testament in 1881, the Old in -1885; REV[=I]'SER, -OR (_print._), one who examines proofs; -REV[=I]'SING-BARR'ISTER, a barrister appointed annually by the English -judges to revise the list of voters for members of parliament, the revision -generally taking place between August and October of each year.--_adjs._ -REVI'SIONAL, REVI'SIONARY, pertaining to revision.--_n._ -REVI'SIONIST.--_adj._ REV[=I]'SORY. [Fr. _reviser_--L. -_revis[)e]re_--_re-_, back, _vis[)e]re_, inten. of _vid[=e]re_, to see.] - -REVISIT, r[=e]-viz'it, _v.t._ to visit again.--_ns._ REVIS'IT; -REVIS'ITANT.--_adj._ revisiting.--_n._ REVISIT[=A]'TION. - -REVITALISE, r[=e]-v[=i]'tal-[=i]z, _v.t._ to restore vitality to.--_n._ -REVITALIS[=A]'TION. - -REVIVE, re-v[=i]v', _v.i._ to return to life, vigour, or fame: to recover -from neglect, oblivion, or depression: to regain use or currency: to have -the memory refreshed.--_v.t._ to restore to life again: to reawaken in the -mind: to recover from neglect or depression: to bring again into public -notice, as a play: to recall, to restore to use: to reproduce: (_chem._) to -restore to its natural state.--_n._ REV[=I]VABIL'ITY.--_adj._ -REV[=I]'VABLE, capable of being revived.--_adv._ REV[=I]'VABLY.--_ns._ -REV[=I]'VAL, recovery from languor, neglect, depression, &c.: renewed -performance of, as of a play: renewed interest in or attention to: a time -of extraordinary religious awakening: restoration: quickening: renewal, as -of trade: awakening, as revival of learning: (_law_) reinstatement of an -action; REV[=I]'VALISM; REV[=I]'VALIST, one who promotes religious -revivals: an itinerant preacher.--_adj._ REV[=I]VALIS'TIC.--_ns._ -REV[=I]VE'MENT; REV[=I]'VER, one who, or that which, revives: a compound -for renovating clothes; REVIVIFIC[=A]'TION (_chem._), the reduction of a -metal from a state of combination to its natural state.--_v.t._ REVIV'IFY, -to cause to revive: to reanimate: to enliven.--_v.i._ to become efficient -again as a reagent.--_adv._ REV[=I]'VINGLY.--_n._ REVIVIS'CENCE, an -awakening from torpidity, after hibernation.--_adj._ REVIVIS'CENT.--_n._ -REV[=I]'VOR (_law_), the revival of a suit which was abated by the death of -a party or other cause.--THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC REVIVAL, a strong reaction -within the Church of England towards the views of doctrine and practice -held by Laud and his school (see TRACTARIANISM). [O. Fr. _revivre_--L. -_re-_, again, _viv[)e]re_, to live.] - -REVOKE, r[=e]-v[=o]k', _v.t._ to annul by recalling: to repeal: to reverse: -to neglect to follow suit (at cards).--_n._ revocation, recall: act of -revoking at cards.--_adj._ REV'OCABLE, that may be revoked.--_ns._ -REV'OCABLENESS, REVOCABIL'ITY.--_adv._ REV'OCABLY.--_n._ REVOC[=A]'TION, -_a_ recalling: repeal: reversal.--_adj._ REV'OC[=A]TORY.--_n._ REVOKE'MENT -(_Shak._), revocation.--REVOCATION OF THE EDICT OF NANTES, the taking away -by Louis IV., in 1685, of the Huguenot privileges granted by Henry IV. in -1598. [Fr.,--L. _revoc[=a]re_--_re-_, back, _voc[=a]re_, to call.] - -REVOLT, r[=e]-v[=o]lt', _v.i._ to renounce allegiance: to be grossly -offended: to mutiny: to be shocked.--_v.t._ to cause to rise in revolt: to -shock.--_n._ a rebellion: insurrection, desertion: a change of sides: -fickleness.--_n._ REVOL'TER.--_adj._ REVOL'TING, causing a turning away -from: shocking: repulsive.--_adv._ REVOL'TINGLY. [O. Fr. _revolte_--It. -_rivolta_--L. _revolv[)e]re_, to roll back, _re-_, back, _volv[)e]re_, -_volutum_, to turn.] - -REVOLUTION, rev-[=o]-l[=u]'shun, _n._ act of revolving: motion round a -centre: course which brings to the same point or state: space measured by a -revolving body: a radical change, as of one's way of living: fundamental -change in the government of a country: a revolt: a complete rotation -through 360deg: a round of periodic changes, as the revolutions of the -seasons: the winding of a spiral about its axis: change of circumstances: -consideration.--_adj._ REVOL[=U]'TIONARY, pertaining to, or tending to, a -revolution in government.--_v.t._ REVOL[=U]'TIONISE, to cause a revolution -or entire change of anything.--_ns._ REVOL[=U]'TIONISM; REVOL[=U]'TIONIST, -one who promotes or favours a revolution.--THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, the -change from the position of colonies to that of national independence -effected by the thirteen American colonies of England in 1776; THE FRENCH -REVOLUTION, the downfall of the old French monarchy and the old absolutism -(1789); THE REVOLUTION, the expulsion of James II. from the throne of -England (1689), and the establishment of a really constitutional government -under William III. and Mary. [_Revolve._] - -REVOLVE, r[=e]-volv', _v.i._ to roll back: to roll round on an axis: to -move round a centre: to rotate, as the planets: to meditate.--_v.t._ to -cause to turn: to consider.--_n._ a radical change.--_v.i._ REV'OLUTE, to -revolve.--_adj._ rolled backward.--_adjs._ REV'OL[=U]TIVE, cogitating; -REVOL'VABLE.--_ns._ REVOLVE'MENT, reflection; REVOL'VENCY, -revolution.--_adj._ REVOL'VING, turning, moving round.--_ns._ -REVOL'VING-FUR'NACE, a furnace used in making black ash; REVOL'VING-LIGHT, -a lamp in a lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at intervals. -[Fr.,--L. _revolv[)e]re_, _revol[=u]tum_--_re-_, back, _volv[)e]re_, to -roll.] - -REVOLVER, r[=e]-volv'[.e]r, _n._ that which revolves: a firearm having -barrels or chambers which revolve upon a common centre, and are fired in -turn by one lock mechanism: a revolving cannon. - -REVOMIT, r[=e]-vom'it, _v.t._ to reject from the stomach. - -REVULSION, r[=e]-vul'shun, _n._ disgust: the diverting of a disease from -one part to another: forced separation: a sudden change, esp. of feeling: a -counter-irritant.--_adj._ REVUL'SIVE, tending to revulsion.--_n._ -REVUL'SOR, an apparatus for applying heat and cold in turns for medical -purposes. [L. _revulsio_--_revell[)e]re_, _revulsum_--_re-_, away, -_vell[)e]re_, to tear.] - -REW, r[=oo], _v.t._ (_Spens._). Same as RUE. - -REW, r[=oo], _n._ (_Spens._). Same as ROW. - -REWAKEN, r[=e]-w[=a]'kn, _v.i._ to waken again. - -REWARD, r[=e]-wawrd', _n._ that which is given in return for good or evil: -recompense: retribution: the fruit of one's own labour: regard: requital: -remuneration: guerdon: consideration.--_v.t._ to give in return: to -requite, whether good or evil: to punish: (_B._) to recompense: to -compensate: to notice carefully: to watch over.--_adj._ REWAR'DABLE, -capable or worthy of being rewarded.--_n._ REWAR'DABLENESS.--_adv._ -REWAR'DABLY.--_n._ REWAR'DER, one who rewards.--_adjs._ REWARD'FUL, -yielding reward; REWARD'LESS, having or receiving no reward. [O. Fr. -_rewarder_, _reswarder_, _regarder_--_re-_, again, _warder_, _guarder_, to -guard; of Teut. origin.] - -REWEIGH, r[=e]-w[=a]', _v.t._ to weigh again. - -REWET, r[=oo]'et, _n._ the revolving part of a wheel-lock. - -REWIN, r[=e]-win', _v.t._ to win back or again. - -REWOOD, r[=e]-w[=oo]d', _v.t._ to plant again. - -REWORD, r[=e]-wurd', _v.t._ to repeat in the same words, to re-echo: to put -into different words. - -REWRITE, r[=e]-r[=i]t', _v.t._ to write a second time. - -REX, reks, _n._ a king.--PLAY REX (_obs._), to handle roughly. [L.; cf. -Sans. _r[=a]jan_, Gael. _righ_.] - -REYNARD, r[=a]'nard, or ren'ard, _n._ a fox, from the name given to the fox -in the famous beast epic of Low Ger. origin, _Reynard the Fox_--also -REN'ARD.--_adj._ REN'ARDINE. [Fr.,--Old Flem. _Reinaerd_, _Reinaert_--Mid. -High Ger. _Reinhart_ (Old High Ger. _Reginhart_), lit. 'strong in -counsel.'] - -RHABARBARATE, ra-b[:a]r'ba-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_obs._) impregnated with -rhubarb.--_n._ RHABAR'BARUM, rhubarb. - -RHABARBARINE, ra-b[:a]r'ba-rin, _n._ chrysophanic acid. - -RHABDAMMININA, rab-da-mi-n[=i]'na, _n._ a group of marine imperforate -foraminiferous protozoans. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _ammos_, sand.] - -RHABDITE, rab'd[=i]t, _n._ a smooth, rod-like structure found in the cells -of the integument of most turbellarian worms: one of the hard parts -composing the ovipositor of some insects.--_adj._ RHABDIT'IC. [Gr. -_rhabdos_, a rod.] - -RHABDOCOELA, rab-d[=o]-s[=e]'la, _n._ a prime division of turbellarian -worms.--_adjs._ RHABDOCOE'LIDAN, RHABDOCOE'LOUS. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, -_koilos_, hollow.] - -RHABDOCREPIDA, rab-d[=o]-krep'i-da, _n._ a sub-order of lithistidan -sponges. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _kr[=e]pis_, a foundation.] - -RHABDOID, rab'doid, _n._ a spindle-shaped body chemically related to the -plastids, found in certain cells of irritable plants like _Drosera_, -_Dionaea_, &c.--_adj._ RHABDOID'AL, rod-like: (_anat._) sagittal. [Gr. -_rhabdos_, a rod.] - -RHABDOLITH, rab'd[=o]-lith, _n._ a minute rhabdoidal concretion of -calcareous matter forming the armature of a rhabdosphere.--_adj._ -RHABDOLITH'IC. - -RHABDOLOGY, rab-dol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the art of computing by Napier's bones or -rods.--Also RABDOL'OGY. - -RHABDOM, rab'dom, _n._ (_entom._) a tubular rod-like structure in the eye, -the central axis of a retinula.--_adj._ RHAB'D[=O]MAL. - -RHABDOMANCY, rab'd[=o]-man-si, _n._ divination by means of rods, esp. the -impudent imposture of finding water, &c., by means of the -divining-rod.--_n._ RHAB'DOMANCER.--_adj._ RHABDOMAN'TIC. [Gr. _rhabdos_, -rod, _manteia_, divination.] - -RHABDOME, rab'd[=o]m, _n._ in sponges, the shaft of a cladose rhabdus, -bearing the cladome. - -RHABDOMESODON, rab-d[=o]-mes'[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of polyzoans. [Gr. -_rhabdos_, a rod, _mesos_, middle, _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.] - -RHABDOMYOMA, rab-d[=o]-m[=i]-[=o]'ma, _n._ a myoma consisting of striated -muscular fibres. - -RHABDONEMA, rab-d[=o]-n[=e]'ma, _n._ a genus of small nematoid worms. [Gr. -_rhabdos_, a rod, _n[=e]ma_, a thread.] - -RHABDOPHANE, rab'd[=o]-f[=a]n, _n._ a rare phosphate of the yttrium and -cerium earths. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _phan[=e]s_, appearing.] - -RHABDOPHORA, rab-dof'[=o]-ra, _n._ a group of fossil organisms.--_adjs._ -RHABDOPH'[=O]RAN, RHABDOPH'[=O]ROUS. - -RHABDOPLEURA, rab-d[=o]-pl[=oo]'ra, _n._ a marine polyzoan. [Gr. _rhabdos_, -a rod, _pleuron_, a rib.] - -RHABDOSPHERE, rab'd[=o]-sf[=e]r, _n._ a minute spherical body found in the -depths of the Atlantic. [Gr. _rhabdos_, a rod, _sphaira_, sphere.] - -RHABDOSTEIDAE, rab-dos-t[=e]'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of fossil-toothed -cetaceans--its typical genus, RHABDOS'T[=E]US. [Gr. _rhabdos_, rod, -_osteon_, bone.] - -RHABDOSTYLA, rab-d[=o]-st[=i]'la, _n._ a genus of peritrichous ciliate -infusorians. [Gr. _rhabdos_, rod, _stylos_, pillar.] - -RHABDUS, rab'dus, _n._ a simple, straight spicule.--_adj._ RHAB'DOUS. [Gr. -_rhabdos_, a rod.] - -RHACHIOMYELITIS, r[=a]-ki-[=o]-m[=i]-e-l[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the -spinal cord--_myelitis._--_ns._ RHACHIOT'OMY, incision into the spinal -canal; RHACHIS'CHISIS, defective formation of the spinal canal--_spina -bifida._ [Gr. _rhachis_, the spine, _myelos_, marrow.] - -RHACHITIS=_Rachitis_ (q.v.). - -RHACOCHILUS, rak-[=o]-k[=i]'lus, _n._ a genus of embiotocoid fishes. [Gr. -_rhakos_, a rag, _cheilos_, the lip.] - -RHACOPHORUS, r[=a]-kof'[=o]-rus, _n._ a genus of batrachians, with long and -webbed feet, adapting it for long leaps. [Gr. _rhakos_, a rag, _pherein_, -to bear.] - -RHADAMANTHINE, ra-da-man'thin, _n._ of _Rhadamanthus_, judge of the lower -world, with Minos and Aeacus--applied generally to a solemn and final -judgment.--Also RHADAMAN'TINE. - -RHAETIAN, r[=e]'shi-an, _adj._ pertaining to the ancient Rhaetians or their -country _Rhaetia_, a Roman province between the Po and the Danube--also -RHAE'TIC.--_adj._ and _n._ RHAE'TO-ROMAN'IC, pertaining to a group of -Romance dialects spoken in south-eastern Switzerland.--RHAETIC BEDS, a -series of strata forming the uppermost portion of the Trias, extensively -developed in the _Rhaetian_ Alps. - -RHAGADES, rag'a-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ fissures of the skin. [Gr. _rhagas_ (pl. -_rhagades_), a crack.] - -RHAGODIA, ra-g[=o]'di-a, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants. [Gr. -_rhag[=o]d[=e]s_, like grapes--_rhax_, _rhagos_, a grape.] - -RHAGON, rag'on, _n._ a form of sponge with clustered spherical flagellated -endodermal chambers.--_adjs._ RHAG'ON[=A]TE, RHAG'OSE. [Gr. _rhax_, -_rhagos_, a grape.] - -RHAMNACEAE, ram-n[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ an order of polypetalous -plants.--_adj._ RHAMN[=A]'CEOUS. - -RHAMNUS, ram'nus, _n._ a genus of polypetalous shrubs and trees, including -the buckthorn. [Gr.] - -RHAMPHASTIDAE, ram-fas'ti-d[=e], _n._ a family of picarian birds, toucans. -[Gr. _rhamphos_, a beak.] - -RHAMPHOCELUS, ram-f[=o]-c[=e]'lus, _n._ a remarkable genus of tanagers, -native to South America. - -RHAMPHODON, ram'f[=o]-don, _n._ the saw-billed humming-bird. [Gr. -_rhamphos_, a curved beak, _odous_, a tooth.] - -RHAMPHOID, ram'foid, _adj._ beak-shaped. - -RHAMPHOLEON, ram-f[=o]'l[=e]-on, _n._ a genus of chameleons. [Gr. -_rhamphos_, a curved beak, _le[=o]n_, lion.] - -RHAMPHOMICRON, ram-f[=o]-mik'ron, _n._ a genus of humming-birds. [Gr. -_rhamphos_, a beak, _mikros_, little.] - -RHAMPHORHYNCHUS, ram-f[=o]-ring'kus, _n._ a genus of pterodactyls. [Gr. -_rhamphos_, a curved beak, _rhyngchos_, a beak.] - -RHAMPHOTHECA, ram-f[=o]-th[=e]'ka, _n._ (_ornith._) the integument of the -whole beak. [Gr. _rhamphos_, a curved beak, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a sheath.] - -RHAPIDOPHYLLUM, ra-pi-d[=o]-fil'um, _n._ a genus of palms--the blue -palmetto of Florida.--_n._ RH[=A]'PIS, a genus of Chinese palms. [Gr. -_rhapis_, rod, _phyllon_, leaf.] - -RHAPONTIC, r[=a]-pon'tik, _n._ rhubarb. [L., 'Pontic rha.'] - -RHAPSODIC, -AL, rap-sod'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to, consisting of, or -resembling rhapsody: gushing.--_adv._ RHAPSOD'ICALLY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ -RHAP'SODISE, to write or utter rhapsodies: to express with poetic -feeling:--_pr.p._ rhap'sod[=i]sing; _pa.p._ rhap'sod[=i]sed.--_n._ -RHAP'SODIST, one who recites or sings rhapsodies, esp. one of a class of -men in ancient Greece who travelled from place to place reciting Homer and -other epic poetry--also RHAP'SODE: one who composes verses extempore: one -who speaks or writes disjointedly.--_adj._ RHAPSODIS'TIC.--_ns._ -RHAP'SODOMANCY, divination by means of verses; RHAP'SODY, any wild -unconnected composition: a part of an epic poem for recitation at one time: -a jumble: (_mus._) composition irregular in form. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. -_rhaps[=o]dia_, _rhaptein_, to sew, _[=o]d[=e]_, a song.] - -RHEA, r[=e]'a, _n._ the ramie plant or fibre. - -RHEA, r[=e]'a, _n._ the daughter of Uranus and Ge, wife and sister of -Kronos: the only three-toed ostrich: the fifth satellite of Jupiter. - -RHEIC, r[=e]'ik, _adj._ pertaining to rhubarb.--_n._ RH[=E]'INE, rheic -acid. - -RHEIN-BERRY, r[=i]n'ber-i, _n._ the common buckthorn.--Also RHINE'-BERR'Y. - -RHEMATIC, r[=e]-mat'ik, _adj._ derived from a verb.--_n._ the doctrine of -propositions. - -RHEMISH, r[=e]'mish, _adj._ pertaining to _Rheims_ in north-eastern -France.--RHEMISH VERSION, the English translation of the New Testament used -by Roman Catholics, prepared at Rheims in 1582, forming part of the Douay -Bible--Old Testament part prepared at _Douay_ in 1609-10. - -RHENISH, ren'ish, _adj._ pertaining to the river _Rhine_.--_n._ Rhine wine, -hock, light and still. [L. _Rhenus_.] - -RHEOCORD, r[=e]'[=o]-kord, _n._ a metallic wire used in measuring the -resistance of an electric current. [Gr. _rhein_, to flow, _chord[=e]_, a -cord.] - -RHEOMETER, REOMETER, r[=e]-om'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring -the strength of currents, as of electricity: a galvanometer.--_adj._ -RHEOMET'RIC.--_n._ RHEOM'ETRY, fluxions. [Gr. _rhein_, to flow, _metron_, -measure.] - -RHEOSCOPE, r[=e]'[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an electroscope.--_adj._ RHEOSCOP'IC. -[Gr. _rhein_, to flow, _skopein_, to view.] - -RHEOSTAT, r[=e]'o-stat, _n._ the name given by Wheatstone to an instrument -for varying an electric resistance between given limits.--_adj._ -RHEOSTAT'IC.--_n._ RHEOSTAT'ICS, the statics of fluids. [Gr. _rhein_, to -flow, _statos_, verbal adj. of _histanai_, to stand.] - -RHEOTOME, r[=e]'[=o]-t[=o]m, _n._ a means by which an electric current can -be periodically interrupted. [Gr. _rhein_, to flow, _temnein_, to cut.] - -RHEOTROPE, r[=e]'[=o]-tr[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for periodically changing -the direction of an electric current.--_n._ RHEOT'R[=O]PISM, the effect of -a current of water upon the direction of plant growth. [Gr. _rhein_, to -flow, _trepein_, to turn.] - -RHESUS, r[=e]'sus, _n._ the boonder, one of the most widely distributed -Indian monkeys, much venerated by the natives: (_entom._) a genus of -coleopterous insects.--_adj._ RH[=E]'SIAN. [Gr.] - -RHETORIC, ret'or-ik, _n._ the theory and practice of eloquence, whether -spoken or written, the whole art of using language so as to persuade -others: the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force: artificial -oratory: declamation.--_adj._ RHETOR'ICAL, pertaining to rhetoric: -oratorical.--_adv._ RHETOR'ICALLY.--_v.i._ RHETOR'IC[=A]TE (_obs._), to act -the orator.--_ns._ RHETORIC[=A]'TION (_obs._); RHETORI'CIAN, one who -teaches the art of rhetoric: an orator.--_v.i._ RHET'ORISE, to play the -orator. [Fr.,--L. _rhetorica_ (_ars_)--Gr. _rh[=e]torik[=e]_ (_techn[=e]_), -the rhetorical (art)--_rh[=e]t[=o]r_, a public speaker--_erein_, to speak.] - -RHEUM, r[=oo]m, _n._ the mucous discharge from the lungs or nostrils caused -by cold: (_obs._) spleen, choler: a genus of apetalous plants.--_n._ -RHEUMAT'IC, one who suffers from rheumatism: (_pl._) rheumatic pains -(_coll._).--_adjs._ RHEUMAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to or affected with -rheumatism: choleric.--_n._ RHEUM'ATISM, a name still used somewhat -loosely, but applying specially to an acute febrile disease, with swelling -and pain in and around the larger joints.--_adjs._ RHEUMATIS'MAL; -RHEUM'ATOID, resembling rheumatism.--_n._ RHEUMOPHTHAL'MIA, rheumatic -ophthalmia.--_adj._ RHEUM'Y, full of or causing rheum. [L.,--Gr. -_rheuma_--_rhein_, to flow.] - -RHEXIA, rek'si-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants, native to North -America, of the tribe RHEXIEAE (rek-s[=i]'[=e]-[=e]). [L.,--Gr. -_rh[=e]xis_--_rh[=e]gnynai_, to break.] - -RHIGOLENE, rig'[=o]-l[=e]n, _n._ a volatile product of petroleum -distillation. [Gr. _rhigos_, cold, _elaion_, oil.] - -RHINACANTHUS, r[=i]-na-kan'thus, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants in -tropical Africa, India, &c. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _akanthos_, -acanthus.] - -RHINAE, r[=i]'n[=e], _n.pl._ one of the main divisions of sharks. [L.,--Gr. -_rhin[=e]_, a file.] - -RHINAESTHESIA, r[=i]-nez-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ sense of smell. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose, _aisth[=e]sis_, perception.] - -RHINAL, r[=i]'nal, _adj._ pertaining to the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, -nose.] - -RHINALGIA, r[=i]-nal'ji-a, _n._ neuralgic pains in the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose, _algos_, pain.] - -RHINANTHUS, r[=i]-nan'thus, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _anthos_, flower.] - -RHINARIUM, r[=i]-n[=a]'ri-um, _n._ (_entom._) the nostril-piece. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose.] - -RHINASTER, r[=i]-nas't[.e]r, _n._ the two-horned rhinoceros: the star-nosed -moles. [Gr. _rhis_, nose, _ast[=e]r_, star.] - -RHINENCEPHALON, r[=i]-nen-sef'a-lon, _n._ the olfactory lobe of the -brain.--_adjs._ RHINENCEPHAL'IC, RHINENCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _rhis_, nose, -_enkephalos_, brain.] - -RHINESTONE, r[=i]n'st[=o]n, _n._ an imitation gem-stone made of paste or -strass. - -RHINEURYNTER, r[=i]-n[=u]-rin't[.e]r, _n._ a small inflatable bag used for -plugging the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _eurynein_, to widen.] - -RHINICHTHYS, r[=i]-nik'this, _n._ a North American genus of cyprinoid -fishes. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _ichthys_, fish.] - -RHINIDAE, r[=i]'ni-d[=e], _n._ a family of plagiostomous fishes. [L. -_rhina_, shark--Gr. _rhin[=e]_.] - -RHINITIS, ri-n[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose.] - -RHINO, r[=i]'n[=o], _n._ (_slang_) money, cash.--Also R[=I]'NO. - -RHINOBATUS, r[=i]-nob'a-tus, _n._ the typical genus of the _Rhinobatidae_, -or shark-rays: (_entom._) a genus of coleopterous insects. - -RHINOBLENNORRHEA, r[=i]-n[=o]-blen-[=o]-r[=e]'a, _n._ mucous discharges -from the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _blennos_, mucus, _rhoia_, -flow.] - -RHINOCAUL, r[=i]'n[=o]-kawl, _n._ the support of the olfactory bulb. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _kaulos_, stalk.] - -RHINOCEROS, r[=i]-nos'[.e]r-os, _n._ a genus forming a family of ungulate -mammals, found in Africa and India, having a very thick skin lying in -enormous folds, clumsy, and with one or two horns on the nose:--_pl._ -RHINOC'EROSES.--_adjs._ RHINOC[=E]'RIAL, RHINOC[=E]'RICAL.--_ns._ -RHINOC'EROS-AUK, a bird belonging to the family _Alcidae_; -RHINOC'EROS-BEE'TLE, a beetle of the genus _Dynastes_ having a large -up-curved horn on the head; RHINOC'EROS-BIRD, a beefeater, the hornbill; -RHINOC'EROS-TICK, the tick which infests rhinoceroses; RHINOC'EROT -(_obs._), a rhinoceros.--_adjs._ RHINOCEROT'IC; RHINOCEROT'IFORM, shaped -like a rhinoceros. [L.,--Gr. _rhinoker[=o]s_--_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, -_keras_, a horn.] - -RHINOCHILUS, r[=i]-n[=o]-k[=i]'lus, _n._ a genus of harmless serpents. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _cheilos_, a lip.] - -RHINOCLEISIS, r[=i]-n[=o]-kl[=i]'sis, _n._ nasal obstruction. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose, _kleisis_, _kl[=e]sis_, a closing.] - -RHINOCRYPTA, r[=i]-n[=o]-krip'ta, _n._ a remarkable genus of rock-wrens. -[Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _kryptos_, hidden.] - -RHINODERMA, r[=i]-n[=o]-der'ma, _n._ a genus of batrachians, some species -bearing a large pouch for the young. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _derma_, -skin.] - -RHINODON, r[=i]'n[=o]-don, _n._ an immense shark in the Indian Ocean. [Gr. -_rhin[=e]_, a shark, _odous_, tooth.] - -RHINODYNIA, r[=i]-n[=o]-din'i-a, _n._ pain in the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose, _odyn[=e]_, pain.] - -RHINOLITH, r[=i]'n[=o]-lith, _n._ a stony concretion found in the -nose.--_n._ RHINOLITH[=I]'ASIS. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _lithos_, a -stone.] - -RHINOLOGY, r[=i]-nol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of the nose.--_adj._ -RHINOLOG'ICAL.--_n._ RHINOL'OGIST, a specialist in diseases of the nose. -[Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose--_logia_--_legein_, to speak.] - -RHINOLOPHUS, r[=i]-nol'[=o]-fus, _n._ a genus of horse-shoe bats. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _lophos_, crest.] - -RHINOMACER, r[=i]-nom'a-s[.e]r, _n._ a genus of rhynchophorous beetles. -[Gr. _rhis_, nose, _makros_, long.] - -RHINOPHARYNGITIS, r[=i]-n[=o]-far-in-j[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the -mucous membrane of the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _pharyngx_.] - -RHINOPHIS, r[=i]'n[=o]-fis, _n._ a genus of shield-tailed serpents. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _ophis_, a serpent.] - -RHINOPHORE, r[=i]'n[=o]-f[=o]r, _n._ an organ bearing an olfactory sense. -[Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _pherein_, to bear.] - -RHINOPHRYNE, r[=i]-n[=o]-fr[=i]'n[=e], _n._ a genus of spade-footed toads. -[Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _phryn[=e]_, a toad.] - -RHINOPHYLLA, r[=i]-n[=o]-fil'a, _n._ a genus of South American small -tailless bats. [Gr. _rhis_, nose, _phyllon_, a leaf.] - -RHINOPHYMA, r[=i]-n[=o]-f[=i]'ma, _n._ hyperemia of nose-skin. [Gr. _rhis_, -_rhinos_, nose, _phyma_, a tumour.] - -RHINOPLASTIC, r[=i]-n[=o]-plas'tik, _adj._ noting a surgical operation for -affixing an artificial nose.--_ns._ RH[=I]'NOPLAST, one who undergoes this -operation; RH[=I]'NOPLASTY, plastic surgery of the nose. [Gr. _rhis_, nose, -_plastikos_, moulding--_plassein_, to mould.] - -RHINOPOMA, r[=i]-n[=o]-p[=o]'ma, _n._ a genus of Old World bats. [Gr. -_rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _p[=o]ma_, a cover.] - -RHINOPOMASTES, r[=i]-n[=o]-p[=o]-mas't[=e]z, _n._ a genus of African -wood-hoopoes. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _p[=o]mat[=e]rion_, dim. of -_p[=o]ma_, a cover.] - -RHINOPTERA, r[=i]-nop'te-ra, _n._ a genus of rays. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, -nose, _pteron_, wing.] - -RHINORRHAGIA, r[=i]-n[=o]-r[=a]'ji-a, _n._ haemorrhage from the nose. [Gr. -_rhis_, nose, _rhagia_--_rhegnynai_, break.] - -RHINORRHEA, r[=i]-n[=o]-r[=e]'a, _n._ mucous discharge from the -nose.--_adj._ RHINORRH[=E]'AL. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, -_rhoia_--_rhein_, to flow.] - -RHINORTHA, r[=i]-nor'tha, _n._ a genus of cuckoos: a genus of hemipterous -insects. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _orthos_, straight.] - -RHINOSCLEROMA, r[=i]-n[=o]-skl[=e]-r[=o]'ma, _n._ a disease with reddish -swelling and thickening of nose, lips, and pharynx. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, -nose, _skl[=e]ros_, hard.] - -RHINOSCOPE, r[=i]'n[=o]-sk[=o]p, _n._ an instrument for examining the -nose.--_adj._ RHINOSCOP'IC.--_n._ RH[=I]'NOSCOPY. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, -nose, _skopein_, to see.] - -RHINOTHECA, r[=i]-n[=o]-th[=e]'ka, _n._ the integument of a bird's upper -mandible. [Gr. _rhis_, _rhinos_, nose, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a sheath.] - -RHIPICERA, r[=i]-pis'e-ra, _n._ a genus of serricorn beetles native to -South America and Australia. [Gr. _rhipis_, a fan, _keras_, horn.] - -RHIPIDATE, rip'i-d[=a]t, _adj._ fan-shaped.--_n._ RH[=I]PID'ION, in the -Greek Church, the eucharistic fan or flabellum. [Gr. _rhipis_, _rhipidos_, -a fan.] - -RHIPIDISTIA, rip-i-dis'ti-a, _n._ an order of rhipidopterygian -fishes.--_adj._ RHIPIDIS'TIOUS. [Gr. _rhipis_, a fan, _histion_, a sail.] - -RHIPIDOGLOSSA, rip-i-d[=o]-glos'a, _n._ a group of prosobranchiate -gasteropods. [Gr. _rhipis_, _rhipidos_, a fan, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.] - -RHIPIDOGORGIA, rip-i-d[=o]-gor'ji-a, _n._ a genus of alcyonarian polyps of -fan-like shape. [Gr. _rhipis_, _rhipidos_, a fan, _gorgos_, fierce.] - -RHIPIDOPTERA, rip-i-dop'te-ra, _n.pl._ fan-winged insects--a group of the -coleoptera.--_adj._ RHIPIDOP'TEROUS. [Gr. _rhipis_, _rhipidos_, a fan, -_pteron_, a wing.] - -RHIPIDOPTERYGIA, rip-i-dop-te-rij'i-a, _n.pl._ a superorder of teleostomous -fishes.--_adj._ RHIPIDOPTERYG'IAN. [Gr. _rhipis_, a fan, _pteryx_, a wing.] - -RHIPIDURA, rip-i-d[=u]'ra, _n._ the posterior pair of pleopods of a -crustacean: the fan-tailed fly-catcher. [Gr. _rhipis_, _rhipidos_, a fan, -_oura_, a tail.] - -RHIPIPHORUS, r[=i]-pif'o-rus, _n._ a genus of heteromerous beetles. [Gr. -_rhipis_, a fan, _pherein_, to carry.] - -RHIPIPTERA, r[=i]-pip'te-ra, _n.pl._ an order of insects.--_n._ -RHIPIP'TERAN, a rhipipter.--_adj._ RHIPIP'TEROUS. [_Rhipidoptera_.] - -RHIPSALIS, rip'sa-lis, _n._ a genus of Cacti. [Gr. _rhips_, a mat.] - -RHIPTOGLOSSA, rip-t[=o]-glos'a, _n._ a sub-order of lizards.--_adj._ -RHIPTOGLOSS'ATE. [Gr. _rhiptein_, to throw, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.] - -RHIZANTH, r[=i]'zanth, _n._ a plant that seems to flower from the -root.--_n.pl._ RHIZANTHEAE (r[=i]-zan'th[=e]-[=e]), one of the five classes -into which Lindley divides the vegetable kingdom. - -RHIZIC, r[=i]'zik, _adj._ pertaining to the root of an equation. [Gr. -_rhizikos_--_rhiza_, a root.] - -RHIZINA, ri-z[=i]'na, _n._ a rhizoid.--Also RH[=I]'ZINE. - -RHIZOCARPIC, r[=i]-z[=o]-k[:a]r'pik, _adj._ with annual stem and perennial -root--also RHIZOCAR'POUS.--_n.pl._ RHIZOCAR'PEAE, a group of -cryptogams.--_adj._ RHIZOCAR'P[=E]AN. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _karpos_, fruit.] - -RHIZOCAUL, r[=i]'z[=o]-kawl, _n._ the root-stock of a polyp. [Gr. _rhiza_, -root, _kaulos_, stalk.] - -RHIZOCEPHALA, r[=i]-z[=o]-sef'a-la, _n._ a group of small parasitic -crustaceans.--_adj._ RHIZOCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _kephal[=e]_, -head.] - -RHIZOCRINUS, r[=i]-zok'ri-nus, _n._ a genus of crinoids.--_n._ -RHIZOC'RINOID, a crinoid of this genus. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _krinon_, -lily.] - -RHIZODONT, r[=i]'z[=o]-dont, _n._ having teeth rooted or ankylosed to the -jaw in sockets, as crocodiles. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _odous_, _odontos_, a -tooth.] - -RHIZOFLAGELLATA, r[=i]-z[=o]-flaj-e-l[=a]'ta, _n._ an order of flagellate -infusoria.--_adj._ RHIZOFLAG'ELLATE. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, and Eng. -_flagellum_.] - -RHIZOGEN, r[=i]'z[=o]-jen, _n._ a parasitic plant growing on the root of -another plant.--_adjs._ RHIZOGEN'IC, RHIZOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, -_gen[=e]s_, producing.] - -RHIZOID, r[=i]'zoid, _adj._ root-like.--_n._ a filamentous organ like a -root developed on all kinds of thalli, and on moss-stems.--_adjs._ -RHIZOI'DAL, RHIZOI'D[=E]OUS. [Gr. _rhiz[=o]-d[=e]s_, root-like--_rhiza_, a -root.] - -RHIZOMANIA, r[=i]-z[=o]-m[=a]'ni-a, _n._ an abnormal development of -adventitious roots, as in the ivy, fig, &c. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _mania_, -madness.] - -RHIZOME, r[=i]'z[=o]m, _n._ a root-stock, an underground stem when its -shape is cylindrical, ending in a bud and bearing leaves or scales.--Also -RHIZ[=O]'MA. [Gr. _rhiz[=o]ma_--_rhiza_, root.] - -RHIZOMORPH, r[=i]'z[=o]-morf, _n._ (_bot._) a term for the peculiar -mycelial growths by which certain fungi attach themselves to higher -plants.--_adjs._ RHIZOMOR'PHOID, RHIZOMOR'PHOUS. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, -_morph[=e]_, form.] - -RHIZOMYS, r[=i]'z[=o]-mis, _n._ a genus of mole-rats, including the Asian -bay bamboo-rat. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _mys_, mouse.] - -RHIZONYCHIUM, r[=i]-z[=o]-nik'i-um, _n._ a claw-joint.--_adj._ -RHIZONYCH'IAL. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _onyx_, a claw.] - -RHIZOPHAGOUS, r[=i]-zof'a-gus, _adj._ root-eating: pertaining to the -Rhizophaga.--_n._ RHIZOPH'AGA, a class of marsupials, as the wombat. [Gr. -_rhiza_, root, _phagein_, to eat.] - -RHIZOPHORA, r[=i]-zof'[=o]-ra, _n._ a small genus of trees, the mangroves. - -RHIZOPHORE, r[=i]'z[=o]-f[=o]r, _n._ the structure bearing the true roots -in certain species of _Selaginella_.--_adj._ RHIZOPH'OROUS. [Gr. _rhiza_, -root, _pherein_, to bear.] - -RHIZOPHYDIUM, r[=i]-z[=o]-fid'i-um, _n._ a genus of unicellular -fungi.--_adj._ RHIZOPHYD'IAL. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _pheidos_, sparing.] - -RHIZOPOD, r[=i]'z[=o]-pod, _n._ one of the RHIZOP'ODA, a division of the -_Protozoa_, esp. a class with pseudopodia for locomotion and the ingestion -of food.--_adjs._ RHIZOP'ODAL, RHIZOP'ODOUS. [Gr. _rhiza_, a root, _pous_, -_podos_, a foot.] - -RHIZORISTIC, r[=i]-z[=o]-ris'tik, _adj._ (_math._) pertaining to the -separation of the roots of an equation. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _horizein_, to -limit.] - -RHIZOSTOMATA, r[=i]-z[=o]-st[=o]'ma-ta, _n.pl._ an order of -discomedusans:--_sing._ RHIZOS'TOMA.--_adjs._ RHIZOST[=O]'MATOUS, -RHIZOST[=O]'MEAN. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _stoma_, _stomatos_, mouth.] - -RHIZOTA, r[=i]-z[=o]'ta, _n._ an order of _Rotifera_.--_adj._ RH[=I]'ZOTE, -rooted. [Gr. _rhiza_, root.] - -RHIZOTAXIS, r[=i]-z[=o]-tak'sis, _n._ the arrangement of roots.--Also -RH[=I]'ZOTAXY. [Gr. _rhiza_, root, _taxis_, order.] - -RHIZOTROGUS, r[=i]-z[=o]-tr[=o]'gus, _n._ a genus of melolonthine beetles. -[Gr. _rhiza_, root, _tr[=o]gein_, to gnaw.] - -RHODANIC, r[=o]-dan'ik, _adj._ (_chem._) producing a rose-red colour. [Gr. -_rhodon_, a rose.] - -RHODEINA, r[=o]-d[=e]-[=i]'na, _n._ a group of cyprinoid fishes--its -typical genus, RH[=O]'D[=E]US. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose.] - -RHODEORETIN, r[=o]-d[=e]-or'e-tin, _n._ one of the elements of resin of -jalap.--_adj._ RHODEORETIN'IC. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _rh[=e]tin[=e]_, -resin.] - -RHODIAN, r[=o]'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Rhodes._--RHODIAN LAWS, the -earliest system of marine law; RHODIAN SCHOOL, a school of Hellenistic -sculpture, of which the Laocoon is the greatest product. - -RHODITES, r[=o]-d[=i]'t[=e]z, _n._ a genus of gallflies infesting the rose. -[Gr. _rhodit[=e]s_, rosy--_rhodon_, a rose.] - -RHODIUM, r[=o]'di-um, _n._ a white, very hard metal, resembling aluminium, -extracted from the ore of platinum, and so called from the rose-colour of -its salts. [Gr. _rhodon_, a rose.] - -RHODIUM-WOOD, r[=o]'di-um-w[=oo]d, _n._ a sweet-scented wood. - -RHODOCRINUS, r[=o]-dok'ri-nus, _n._ a genus of paleozoic encrinites. [Gr. -_rhodon_, rose, _krinon_, lily.] - -RHODODENDRON, r[=o]-d[=o]-den'dron, _n._ a genus of trees and shrubs of the -natural order _Ericaceae_, having evergreen leaves and large, beautiful -flowers like roses. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _dendron_, tree.] - -RHODOMELA, r[=o]-dom'e-la, _n._ a genus of marine algae. [Gr. _rhodon_, -rose, _melas_, black.] - -RHODOMONTADE. Same as RODOMONTADE. - -RHODONITE, r[=o]'d[=o]-n[=i]t, _n._ a native manganese silicate. [Gr. -_rhodon_, a rose.] - -RHODOPE, r[=o]'d[=o]-p[=e], _n._ a genus of the family _Rhodopidae_, marine -invertebrates of dubious relationships. [_Rhodop[=e]_, a Thracian nymph.] - -RHODOPHANE, r[=o]'d[=o]-f[=a]n, _n._ a red pigment found in the retinal -cones of the eyes of certain fishes, reptiles, and birds. [Gr. _rhodon_, -rose, _phan[=e]s_, appearing.] - -RHODOPHYL, r[=o]'d[=o]-fil, _n._ the compound pigment found in the red -algae.--_adj._ RHODOPHYL'LOUS. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _phyllon_, leaf.] - -RHODOPSIN, r[=o]-dop'sin, _n._ a purple pigment found in the retina. [Gr. -_rhodon_, rose, _opsis_, view.] - -RHODORA, r[=o]-d[=o]'ra, _n._ a handsome shrub with terminal clusters of -pale purple flowers preceding the deciduous leaves: a genus of _Ericaceae_, -now included in Rhododendron. [Gr. _rhodon_, a rose.] - -RHODOSTAUROTIC, r[=o]-d[=o]-staw-rot'ik, _adj._ (_obs._) rosicrucian. [Gr. -_rhodon_, rose, _stauros_, a cross.] - -RHODOSTETHIA, r[=o]-d[=o]-st[=e]'thi-a, _n._ a genus of _Laridae_, with -rose-tinted breast and wedge-shaped tail. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, -_st[=e]thos_, the breast.] - -RHODOTHAMNUS, r[=o]-d[=o]-tham'nus, _n._ a genus of small shrubs, the -ground Cistus. [Gr. _rhodon_, rose, _thamnos_, bush.] - -RHODYMENIA, r[=o]-di-m[=e]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of marine algae. [Gr. -_rhodon_, rose, _hym[=e]n_, membrane.] - -RHOEADIC, r[=e]-ad'ik, _adj._ pertaining, to or derived from, the red -poppy, _Papaver Rhoeas_.--_n._ RHOE'ADINE, a non-poisonous alkaloid found -in the same. [Gr. _rhoias_, _rhoiados_, a poppy.] - -RHOMB, romb, _n._ a quadrilateral figure having its sides equal but its -angles not right angles: (_crystal._) a rhombohedron: (_Milt._) a material -circle--also RHOM'BUS.--_adj._ RHOM'BIC.--_ns._ RHOMBICOSIDODECAH[=E]'DRON, -a solid having sixty-two faces; RHOMBICUBOCTAH[=E]'DRON, a solid having -twenty-six faces.--_adjs._ RHOM'BIFORM, RHOM'BOID, shaped like a -rhomb.--FRESNEL'S RHOMB, a rhomb of crown glass so cut that a ray of light -entering one of its faces at right angles shall emerge at right angles at -the opposite face, after undergoing two total reflections. [L. -_rhombus_--Gr. _rhombos_--_rhembein_, to turn round and round.] - -RHOMBOCOELIA, rom-b[=o]-s[=e]'li-a, _n._ a dilatation of the spinal cord in -the sacral region.--_adj._ RHOMBOCOE'LIAN. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, _koilia_, -a cavity.] - -RHOMBOGEN, rom'b[=o]-jen, _n._ the infusoriform embryo of a nematoid -worm.--_adjs._ RHOMBOGEN'IC, RHOMBOG'ENOUS. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, -_gen[=e]s_, producing.] - -RHOMBOHEDRON, rom-b[=o]-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid bounded by six rhombic -planes.--_adj._ RHOMBOH[=E]'DRAL.--_adv._ RHOMBOH[=E]'DRALLY. [Gr. -_rhombos_, rhomb, _hedra_, a base.] - -RHOMBOID, rom'boid, _n._ a figure of the form of a rhomb: a quadrilateral -figure having only its opposite sides and angles equal.--_adj._ -RHOMBOID'AL, having the shape of a rhomboid. [Gr. _rhombos_, rhomb, -_eidos_, form.] - -RHOMBOIDEUM, rom-boi'd[=e]-um, _n._ (_anat._) the ligament which unites the -sternal end of the clavicle with the cartage of the first rib. - -RHOMBUS. Same as RHOMB. - -RHONCHUS, rong'kus, _n._ a r[^a]le, esp. when bronchial.--_adjs._ -RHONCH'AL, RHONCH'IAL. [L.,--Gr. _rhengchos_, a snoring--_rhengkein_, to -snore.] - -RHOPALIC, r[=o]-pal'ik, _n._ a hexameter in which each succeeding word -contains one syllable more than what precedes it. [Gr. _rhopalikos_, -club-like, _rhopalon_, a club.] - -RHOPALOCERA, r[=o]-pa-los'e-ra, _n.pl._ an order of _Lepidoptera_, with -clubbed antennae.--_adjs._ RHOPALOC'ERAL, RHOPALOC'EROUS. [Gr. _rhopalon_, -a club, _keras_, a horn.] - -RHOPALODINIDAE, r[=o]-pa-l[=o]-din'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ the sea-gourds. - -RHOTACISM, r[=o]'ta-sizm, _n._ erroneous pronunciation of the letter _r_: -burring: the tendency of _s_ to change into _r_.--_v.i._ RH[=O]'TACISE. - -RHUBARB, r[=oo]'b[:a]rb, _n._ a plant, the tender acidulous leaf-stalks of -which are much used in cooking, and the root in medicine: the root of any -medicinal rhubarb, with cathartic properties.--_adj._ RHU'BARBY.--MONK'S -RHUBARB, the patience dock. [O. Fr. _rheubarbe_--Low L. _rheubarbarum_--Gr. -_rh[=e]on barbaron_--_rh[=e]on_, adj. of _rha_, the rha-plant, from the -_Rha_, the Volga.] - -RHUMB, rumb, or rum, _n._ any vertical circle, hence any point of the -compass.--_ns._ RHUMB'-LINE, a line which cuts all the meridians at the -same angle; RHUMB'-SAIL'ING, the course of a vessel keeping straight on a -rhumb-line. [Fr. _rumb_, a by-form of _rhombe_, through L., from Gr. -_rhombos_, rhomb.] - -RHUS, rus, _n._ a genus of shrubs and trees, the cashew-nut family. -[L.,--Gr. _rhous_, sumac.] - -RHUSMA, rus'ma, _n._ a mixture of quicklime and orpiment, used as a -depilatory.--Also RUS'MA. - -RHYACOLITE, r[=i]-ak'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a glassy feldspar found at Mt. Somma -in Italy. [Gr. _rhyax_, _rhyakos_, a stream, _lithos_, stone.] - -RHYACOPHILIDAE, r[=i]-a-k[=o]-fil'i-d[=e], _n._ a family of neuropterous -insects.--_n._ RHYACOPH'ILUS, a genus of _Scolopacidae_--the green or -solitary sandpiper. [Gr. _rhyax_, a stream, _philein_, to love.] - -RHYME, RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ the recurrence of similar sounds at certain -intervals: (_orig._) words arranged in numbers or verse: poetry: metre: a -short poem.--_v.i._ to correspond in sound: to harmonise: to chime: to make -rhymes or verses.--_v.t._ to put into rhyme.--_adj._ RHYME'LESS, without -rhyme or reason: without sound or sense: neither pleasant to the mind nor -to the ear.--_ns._ RHYME'-LETT'ER, the repeated letters in alliteration -(q.v.); RHY'MER, RHY'MIST, R[=I]'MIST, an inferior poet: a minstrel; -RHYME'-ROY'AL (so called from its use by King James I. of Scotland in the -_King's Quair_), a seven-line stanza borrowed by Chaucer from the -French--its formula, _a b a b b c c_; RHYME'STER, a poetaster: a would-be -poet.--_adjs._ RHY'MIC, R[=I]'MIC.--FEMININE RHYME (see FEMININE); MALE, or -MASCULINE, RHYME, a rhyme in which the accent and rhyme fall on the final -syllable only.--NEITHER RHYME NOR REASON, without either sound or -sense.--THE RHYMER, Thomas the Rhymer, the earliest poet of Scotland -(_flor._ 1286). [Properly _rime_ (the _hy_ being due to the influence of -_Rhythm_)--A.S. _rim_, number, cog. with Old High Ger. _r[=i]m_ (Ger. -_reim_).] - -RHYNCHAENUS, ring-k[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of coleopterous insects, of the -family of snout-beetles. [Gr. _rhyngchaina_, having a large snout.] - -RHYNCHEA, ring-k[=e]'a, _n._ the painted snipe.--_adj._ RHYNCHAE'AN. [Gr. -_rhyngchos_, snout.] - -RHYNCHETIDAE, ring-ket'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of suctorial -infusorians--its typical genus, RHYNCH[=E]'TA. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, -_chait[=e]_, a mane.] - -RHYNCHITES, ring-k[=i]'t[=e]z, _n.pl._ a genus of weevils. [Gr. -_rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -RHYNCHOCOELA, ring-k[=o]-s[=e]'la, _n.pl._ a group of proctuchous -turbellarians, the nemerteans.--_adj._ RHYNCHOCOE'LAN. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, -snout, _koilos_, hollow.] - -RHYNCHOCYONIDAE, ring-k[=o]-s[=i]-on'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of small -insectivorous mammals, native to eastern Africa.--_n._ RHYNCHOC'YON. [Gr. -_rhyngchos_, snout, _ky[=o]n_, a dog.] - -RHYNCHODONT, ring'k[=o]-dont, _adj._ having the beak toothed, as the -falcon. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _odous_, _odontos_, tooth.] - -RYNCHOFLAGELLATE, ring-k[=o]-flaj'e-l[=a]t, _adj._ having a flagellum like -a snout. - -RHYNCHOLITE, ring'k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ the fossil beak of a tetrabranchiate -cephalopod. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _lithos_, stone.] - -RHYNCHONELLA, ring-k[=o]-nel'a, _n._ a typical genus of _Rhynchonellidae_, -a family of arthropomatous brachiopods. [Gr _rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -RHYNCHOPHORA, ring-kof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a section of tetramerous -coleopterous insects: the weevils.--_adjs._ RHYNCHOPH'ORAN, -RHYNCHOPH'OROUS. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _pherein_, to bear.] - -RHYNCHOPS, ring'kops, _n._ the skimmers or scissor-bills. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, -snout, _[=o]ps_, _[=o]pos_, an eye.] - -RHYNCHOSIA, ring-k[=o]'si-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants. [Gr. -_rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -RHYNCHOSPORA, ring-kos'p[=o]-ra, _n._ a genus of sedge-like plants--the -beak-rush or beak-sedge. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, snout, _sporos_, seed.] - -RHYNCHOTA, ring-k[=o]'ta, _n._ an order of true hexapod insects.--_adjs._ -RHYNCH'[=O]TE, beaked; RHYNCH[=O]'TOUS, belonging to the Rhynchota. [Gr. -_rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -RHYNCHOTUS, ring-k[=o]'tus, _n._ a genus of the South American tinamous, -including the ynambu. [Gr. _rhyngchos_, a snout.] - -RHYNE, r[=i]n, _n._ the best kind of Russian hemp. - -RHYOLITE, r[=i]'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ an igneous rock, called also _Liparite_ -and _Quartz-trachyte_.--_adj._ RHYOLIT'IC. [Gr. _rhyax_, a stream, -_lithos_, a stone.] - -RHYPAROGRAPHY, rip-a-rog'ra-fi, _n._ _genre_ or still-life pictures, esp. -of low subjects.--_adj._ RHYPAROGRAPH'IC. [Gr. _rhyparos_, dirty, -_graphein_, to write.] - -RHYPHUS, r[=i]'fus, _n._ a genus of gnats. - -RHYPTICUS, rip'ti-kus, _n._ a genus of serranoid fishes--the soap-fishes. -[Gr. _rhyptikos_--_rhypein_, to cleanse--_rhypos_, dirt.] - -RHYSIMETER, r[=i]-sim'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring the -velocity of fluids and the speed of ships. [Gr. _rhysis_, a flowing, -_metron_, a measure.] - -RHYSSA, ris'a, _n._ a genus of long-tailed ichneumon flies. [Gr. _rhyssos_, -wrinkled, _eryein_, to draw.] - -RHYSSODES, ri-s[=o]'d[=e]z, _n.pl._ a genus of clavicorn beetles. [Gr. -_rhyssod[=e]s_, wrinkled-looking--_rhyssos_, wrinkled, _eidos_, form.] - -RHYTHM, ri_th_m, or rithm, _n._ flowing motion: metre: regular recurrence -of accents: harmony of proportion: a measure, or foot: (_mus._) the regular -succession of heavy and light accents: (_phys._) the succession of -alternate and opposite states.--_adjs._ RHYTH'MIC, -AL, having or -pertaining to rhythm or metre.--_adv._ RHYTH'MICALLY.--_n._ RHYTH'MICS, the -science of rhythm.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ RHYTH'MISE, to subject to rhythm: to -observe rhythm.--_n._ RHYTH'MIST, one who composes in rhythm.--_adj._ -RHYTHM'LESS, destitute of rhythm.--_ns._ RHYTHMOM'ETER, an instrument for -marking rhythms for music, a metronome; RHYTHMOPOE'IA, the art of composing -rhythmically. [L.,--Gr. _rhythmos_--_rhein_, to flow.] - -RHYTINA, ri-t[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of _Sirenia_, akin to the dugong and the -manatee, once plentiful in the northern Pacific. [Gr. _rhytis_, a wrinkle.] - -RHYTON, r[=i]'ton, _n._ a Greek drinking-vase, with one handle, generally -ending in a beast's head:--_pl._ RHY'TA. [Gr.] - -RIALTO, ri-al't[=o], _n._ a famous bridge over the Grand Canal, Venice, -[It., _rio_, stream--L. _rivus_, a stream--It. _alto_, deep--L. _altus_, -deep.] - -RIANT, r[=i]'ant, _adj._ laughing: gay.--_n._ R[=I]'ANCY. [Fr.,--L. -_ridens_, pr.p. of _rid[=e]re_, to laugh.] - -RIATA. See REATA. - -RIB, rib, _n._ one of the bones from the backbone which encircle the chest: -anything like a rib in form or use: a piece of meat containing one or more -ribs: a piece of timber which helps to form or strengthen the side of a -ship: a vein of a leaf, or an insect's wing: a prominence running in a -line: a ridge: (_archit._) a moulding or projecting band on a ceiling: one -of the rods on which the cover of an umbrella is extended: (_coll._) a wife -(from Gen. ii., 21-23).--_v.t._ to furnish or enclose with ribs: to form -with rising lines--as corduroy: to enclose:--_pr.p._ rib'bing; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ ribbed.--_ns._ RIB'-BAND, a piece of timber bolted longitudinally -to the ribs of a vessel to hold them in position; RIB'BING, an arrangement -of ribs; RIB'-GRASS, the ribwort plantain.--_adj._ RIB'LESS, having no -ribs.--_n._ RIB'LET, a rudimentary rib.--_adjs._ RIB'-LIKE, like a rib: -resembling a rib; RIB'-NOSED, having the snout ribbed, as a baboon.--_v.t._ -RIB'-ROAST, to beat soundly.--_ns._ RIB'-ROAST'ER (_coll._), a severe blow -on the ribs; RIB'-ROAST'ING, a severe beating; RIB'-VAULT'ING. [A.S. -_ribb_; Ger. _rippe_.] - -RIB, rib, _n._ hound's tongue: water-cress. [A.S. _ribbe_.] - -RIBALD, rib'ald, _n._ a loose, low character.--_adj._ low, base, mean: -licentious: foul-mouthed--also RIB'AUD (_Spens._).--_adjs._ RIB'ALDISH, -RIB'ALDROUS, ribald.--_n._ RIB'ALDRY, obscenity: filthiness: low and vulgar -scurrility--also RIB'AUDRY (_obs._). [O. Fr. _ribald_, _ribaut_ (Fr. -_ribaud_, It. _ribaldo_)--Old High Ger. _hr[=i]p[=a]_, Mid. High Ger. -_ribe_, a whore.] - -RIBAND, rib'and, _n._ Same as RIBBON. - -RIBATTUTA, r[=e]-bat-t[=oo]'ta, _n._ (_mus._) a melodic embellishment. -[It.] - -RIBAUDEQUIN, ri-baw'de-kin, _n._ a movable cheval-de-frise. [O. Fr.; of -doubtful origin.] - -RIBBLE-RABBLE, rib'l-rab'l, _n._ a mob: indecent language.--_n._ -RIBB'LE-ROW, a list of rabble. - -RIBBON, rib'on, _n._ a fillet or strip of silk: a narrow strip: (_pl._) -reins for driving: a shred: a watch-spring: an endless saw: (_her._) a -bearing considered usually as one of the subordinaries: (_naut._) a painted -moulding on the side of a ship--also RIB'AND, RIBB'AND.--_adj._ made of -ribbon: having bands of different colours.--_v.t._ to adorn with ribbons: -to stripe: to streak.--_ns._ RIBB'ON-BRAKE, a brake having a band which -nearly surrounds the wheel whose motion is to be checked; RIBB'ON-FISH, a -long, slender, compressed fish, like a ribbon; RIBB'ON-GRASS, a variety of -striped canary-grass: Lady's Garter; RIBB'ONISM, a system of secret -associations among the lower classes in Ireland, at its greatest height -from about 1835 to 1855--from the green badge worn; RIBB'ONMAN, a member of -a Ribbon society; RIBB'ON-MAP, a map printed on a long strip which winds on -an axis within a case; RIBB'ON-SEAL, a North Pacific seal, banded and -striped; RIBB'ON-SNAKE, a harmless striped snake abundant in the United -States; RIBB'ON-STAMP, a simple form of printing-press for transferring -colours to paper; RIBB'ON-WAVE, a common geometrid moth; RIBB'ON-WEED, a -seaweed whose frond has a long, flat blade; RIBB'ON-WIRE, a strong tape -with wire threads for strengthening garments; RIBB'ON-WORM, tapeworm.--BLUE -RIBBON, the ribbon of the Order of the Garter: anything which marks the -attainment of some ambition, also the object itself: the badge adopted by a -teetotal society; RED RIBBON, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath. [O. Fr. -_riban_ (Fr. _ruban_), perh. Celt.; cf. Ir. _ribin_, Gael. _ribean_. Diez -suggests Dut. _ring-band_, necktie, collar.] - -RIBES, ribz, _n.sing._ and _pl._ a currant, currants.--_n.sing._ RIBES -(r[=i]'b[=e]z), a genus of shrubs belonging to the natural order -_Ribesiaceae_, familiar examples of which are the garden Gooseberry and the -Currant. [O. Fr. _ribes_--Low L. _ribus_--Ar. _r[=i]b[=e]s_, -_r[=i]b[=a]s_.] - -RIBIBE, rib-[=i]b', _n._ (_obs._) a rebec: an old woman.--_v.i._ to play on -a ribibe. [_Rebec._] - -RIBSTON-PIPPIN, rib'ston-pip'in, _n._ a fine variety of winter apple--from -_Ribston_ in Yorkshire, where Sir Henry Goodricke (1642-1705) first -introduced them. - -RICARDIAN, ri-k[:a]r'di-an, _adj._ pertaining to the political economist -David _Ricardo_ (1772-1823), or his theory. - -RICASSO, ri-kas'[=o], _n._ that part of a rapier-blade next to the hilt. -[Ety. unknown.] - -RICCIA, rik'si-a, _n._ a genus of cryptogamous plants. [From the Italian -botanist P. Francisco _Ricci_.] - -RICE, r[=i]s, _n._ one of the most useful and extensively cultivated of -grains, like oats when ripe.--_ns._ RICE'-BIRD, the reed-bird: the paddy -bird or Java sparrow; RICE'-BIS'CUIT, a sweet biscuit made of flour mixed -with rice; RICE'-DUST, RICE'-MEAL, the refuse of rice, a valuable food for -cattle; RICE'-FIELD-MOUSE, the rice-rat; RICE'-FLOUR, a ground rice for -puddings, for a face-powder, &c.; RICE'-GLUE, a cement made by boiling -rice-flour in soft water; RICE'-HEN, the common American gallinule; -RICE'-MILK, milk boiled and thickened with rice; RICE'-P[=A]'PER, a white -smooth paper, made by the Chinese from the pith of _Fatsia (Aralia) -papyrifera_, a tree peculiar to Formosa; RICE'-PLANT'ER, an implement for -sowing rice; RICE'-POUND'ER, a rice-mill; RICE'-PUDD'ING, a pudding made of -rice and milk, sweetened, often with eggs, raisins, &c.; RICE'-SOUP, a soup -of rice with flour, &c.; RICE'-STITCH, an embroidery-stitch resembling rice -in grain; RICE'-WA'TER, water in which rice has been boiled--a nourishing -drink for invalids; RICE'-WEE'VIL, a weevil that destroys stored rice, &c. -[O. Fr. _ris_--L. _oryza_--Gr. _oryza_, from Old Pers., whence also Ar. -_uruzz_, _ruzz_.] - -RICERCATA, r[=e]-cher-k[:a]'ta, _n._ a very elaborate form of fugue. [It. -_ricercare_, to search out.] - -RICH, rich (_comp._ RICH'ER, _superl._ RICH'EST), _adj._ abounding in -possessions: wealthy: valuable: sumptuous: fertile: full of agreeable or -nutritive qualities: affluent: productive, as a rich mine: costly: mighty: -ruling: ample: of superior quality: luxurious: of great moral worth: highly -seasoned or flavoured, as rich pastry: bright, as a colour: full of -harmonious sounds, as a rich voice: full of beauty, as a rich landscape: of -a vivid colour: extravagant, as a rich joke.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to -enrich.--_v.i. to_ grow rich.--_v.i._ RICH'EN, to become rich, or of higher -quality of any kind.--_adj._ RICH'-LEFT (_Shak._), left with much wealth, -richly endowed.--_adv._ RICH'LY.--_n._ RICH'NESS, wealth: abundance: -fruitfulness: value: costliness: abundance of imagery. [A.S. _r['i]ce_, -rich; Ger. _reich_, Dut. _rijk_, Goth. _reiks_.] - -RICHARDIA, ri-ch[:a]r'di-a, _n._ a small genus of South African herbs of -the Arum family, including the calla-lily. [From the French botanists, L. -C. M. _Richard_ (1754-1821) and his son.] - -RICHARDSONIA, rich-[:a]rd-s[=o]'ni-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, -belonging to the madder family, native to the warmer parts of America. -[Named from the 17th-cent. Eng. botanist, Richard _Richardson_.] - -RICHEL-BIRD, rich'el-b[.e]rd, _n._ (_prov._) the least tern. - -RICHES, rich'ez, _n.pl._ (in _B._ sometimes _n.sing._) wealth: richness: -abundance: an intellectual treasure, as the riches of wisdom: the pearl, -flower, or cream of anything. [M. E. _richesse_ (n.sing.)--O. Fr. -_richesse_--Mid. High Ger. _r['i]che_.] - -RICINIAE, r[=i]-sin'i-[=e], _n._ a division of mites or acarines. [L. -_ricinus_, a tick.] - -RICINIUM, r[=i]-sin'i-um, _n._ a mantle, chiefly worn by women, among the -ancient Romans. - -RICINUS, ris'i-nus, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants, whose one species is -_Ricinus communis_, the castor-oil plant.--_adj._ RICINOL'IC, pertaining -to, or obtained from, castor-oil. [L. _ricinus_, the castor-oil plant.] - -RICK, rik, _n._ a pile or heap, as of hay.--_n.pl._ RICK'ERS, the stems of -young trees cut up for spars, &c.--_ns._ RICK'LE (_Scot._), a pile of -stones loosely thrown together: a small rick of grain; RICK'-RACK, a kind -of open-work edging made of serpentine braid; RICK'-STAND, a flooring on -which a rick is made; HAY'-RICK'ER, a horse-rake for cocking up hay. [A.S. -_hre['a]c_; Ice. _hraukr._] - -RICKETS, rik'ets, _n.sing._ a disease of children, characterised by -softness and curvature of the bones.--_adv._ RICK'ETILY, shakily.--_n._ -RICK'ETINESS, unsteadiness.--_adjs._ RICK'ETLY, shaky; RICK'ETY, affected -with rickets: feeble, unstable. [From M. E. _wrikken_, to twist, allied to -A.S. _wringan_, to twist. The medical term _rachitis_ was coined about -1650, with a punning allusion to Gr. _rhachis_, the spine.] - -RICOCHET, rik-[=o]-sh[=a]', or -shet', _n._ a rebound along the ground, as -of a ball fired at a low elevation.--_v.i._ to skip along the -ground:--_pr.p._ ricochet'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ricochet'ted. [Fr.; -ety. unknown.] - -RICOLITE, r[=e]'k[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a stratified ornamental stone. [_Rico_ -in New Mexico, Gr. _lithos_, a stone.] - -RICTUS, rik'tus, _n._ the gape of the bill: the throat of the -calyx.--_adj._ RIC'TAL. [L., a gaping.] - -RID, rid, _v.t._ to free: to deliver: to remove by violence: to clear: to -disencumber: to expel: to separate: to despatch: (_obs._) to banish, to -kill:--_pr.p._ rid'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rid.--_ns._ RID'DANCE, act of -ridding or freeing: destruction: the earth thrown up by a burrowing animal; -RID'DER, one who rids or relieves.--A GOOD RIDDANCE, a welcome relief; GET -RID OF, to get deliverance from. [A.S. _hreddan_, to snatch away; Ger. -_retten_.] - -RIDDLE, rid'l, _n._ an obscure description of something which the hearer is -asked to name: a puzzling question: an enigma: anything puzzling, even a -person.--_v.i._ to make riddles: to speak obscurely: to plait.--_adj._ -RIDD'LE-LIKE (_Shak._), like a riddle or enigma.--_ns._ RIDD'LER; RIDD'LING -(_Spens._), skill in explaining riddles.--_adv._ RIDD'LINGLY. [A.S. -_r['ae]delse_--_r['ae]dan_, to guess, to read--_r['ae]d_, counsel; cog. -with Dut. _raad_, Ger. _rath_.] - -RIDDLE, rid'l, _n._ a large sieve for separating coarser materials from -finer.--_v.t._ to separate with a riddle, as grain from chaff: to make full -of holes like a riddle, as with shot.--_n.pl._ RIDD'LINGS, siftings. [A.S. -_hridder_; Gael. _criathar_.] - -RIDDLEMEREE, rid'l-me-r[=e]', _n._ rigmarole. - -RIDE, r[=i]d, _v.i._ to be borne, as on horseback or in a carriage: to -practise riding: to manage a horse: to float, as a ship at anchor: to move -easily: to domineer: to overlap.--_v.t._ to do or perform by riding, as a -race: to be carried through: to gallop through: to rest on so as to be -carried: to control, esp. harshly:--_pa.t._ r[=o]de; _pa.p._ rid'den.--_n._ -act of riding: an excursion on horseback or in a vehicle: the course passed -over in riding, a place for riding: a district inspected by an -excise-officer: (_print._) a fault caused by the overlapping of leads, -&c.--_adjs._ R[=I]'DABLE, R[=I]'DEABLE, capable of being ridden: passable -on horseback.--_n._ R[=I]'DER, one who rides on a horse: one who manages a -horse: one who breaks a horse: a commercial traveller: an addition to a -document after its completion, on a separate piece of paper: an additional -clause: a mounted robber: a knight: a small forked weight which straddles -the beam of a balance to measure the weight: a Dutch gold coin.--_adjs._ -R[=I]'DERED, having stakes laid across the bars; R[=I]'DERLESS, without a -rider; R[=I]'DING, used to ride or travel: suitable for riding on, as a -horse.--_n._ a road for riding on: a district visited by an -excise-officer.--_n.pl._ R[=I]'DING-BITTS, the bitts to which a ship's -cable is secured when riding at anchor.--_ns._ R[=I]'DING-BOOT, a high boot -worn in riding; R[=I]'DING-CLERK, a mercantile traveller; -R[=I]'DING-COMMIT'TEE, a committee of ministers sent by the General -Assembly to carry out an ordination or induction, where the local -presbytery refused to act, under the Moderate domination in Scotland in the -18th century; R[=I]'DING-GLOVE, a gauntlet; R[=I]'DING-HAB'IT, the long -upper habit, garment, or skirt worn by ladies when riding; R[=I]'DING-HOOD, -a hood formerly worn by women when riding.--_n.pl._ R[=I]'DING-IN'TERESTS -(_Scots law_), interests depending on other interests.--_ns._ -R[=I]'DING-LIGHT, a light hung out in the rigging at night when a vessel is -riding at anchor; R[=I]'DING-MAS'TER, one who teaches riding; -R[=I]'DING-RHYME, the iambic pentameter, heroic verse--from its use in -Chaucer's _Tales_ of the Canterbury pilgrims; R[=I]'DING-ROBE, a -riding-habit; R[=I]'DING-ROD, a light cane for equestrians; -R[=I]'DING-SAIL, a triangular sail; R[=I]'DING-SCHOOL, a place where riding -is taught, esp. a military school; R[=I]'DING-SKIRT, a skirt fastened round -a woman's waist in riding; RI'DING-SPEAR, a javelin; R[=I]'DING-SUIT, a -suit adapted for riding; R[=I]'DING-WHIP, a switch with short lash, used by -riders; BUSH'-R[=I]'DER, in Australia, a cross-country rider.--RIDE A -HOBBY, to pursue to excess a favourite theory; RIDE AND TIE, to ride and go -on foot alternately; RIDE DOWN, to overthrow, treat with severity; RIDE -EASY, when a ship does not pitch--opp. to RIDE HARD, when she pitches -violently; RIDE IN THE MARROW-BONE COACH(_slang_), to go on foot; RIDE OUT, -to keep afloat throughout a storm; RIDE OVER, to domineer; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD, -to pursue a course regardless of the consequences to others; RIDE SHANK'S -MARE (_slang_), to walk; RIDE THE HIGH HORSE, to have grand airs; RIDE THE -MARCHES (see MARCH); RIDE THE SPANISH MARE, to be put astride a boom as a -punishment; RIDE THE WILD MARE (_Shak._), to play at see-saw; RIDE TO -HOUNDS, to take part in a fox-hunt, esp. to ride close behind the hounds; -RIDING THE FAIR, the ceremony of proclaiming a fair. [A.S. _ridan_; Dut. -_rijden_, Ger. _reiten_.] - -RIDEAU, r[=e]-d[=o]', _n._ an eminence commanding a plain, covering the -entrance to a camp, &c. [Fr.] - -RIDGE, rij, _n._ the back, or top of the back: anything like a back, as a -long range of hills: an extended protuberance: a crest: the earth thrown up -by the plough between the furrows, a breadth of ground running the whole -length of the field, divided from those on either side by broad open -furrows, helping to guide the sowers and reapers and effecting drainage in -wet soils: the upper horizontal timber of a roof: the highest portion of a -glacis.--_v.t._ to form into ridges: to wrinkle.--_ns._ RIDGE'-BAND, that -part of the harness of a cart which goes over the saddle; RIDGE'-BONE, the -spine.--_adj._ RIDGED, having ridges on a surface: ridgy.--_ns._ -RIDGE'-FILL'ET, a fillet between two flutes of a column; RIDGE'-HARR'OW, a -harrow made to lap upon the sides of a ridge over which it passes; -RIDGE'-PLOUGH, a plough with a double mould-board; RIDGE'-POLE, the timber -forming the ridge of a roof; RIDGE'-ROPE, the central rope of an -awning.--_adj._ RIDG'Y, having ridges. [A.S. _hrycg_; Ice. _hryggr_, Ger. -_r[:u]cken_, back.] - -RIDGEL, rij'el, _n._ a male animal with but one testicle.--Also RIDG'IL, -RIDG'LING--(_Scot._) RIG'LAN, RIG'GOT. - -RIDICULE, rid'i-k[=u]l, _n._ wit exposing one to laughter: derision: -mockery.--_v.t._ to laugh at: to expose to merriment: to deride: to -mock.--_n._ RID'I C[=U]LER.--_v.t._ RIDIC'[=U]LISE.--_n._ -RIDIC[=U]LOS'ITY.--_adj._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUS, deserving or exciting ridicule: -absurd: (_obs._) outrageous.--_adv._ RIDIC'[=U]LOUSLY.--_n._ -RIDIC'[=U]LOUSNESS. [L. _ridiculus_--_rid[=e]re_, to laugh.] - -RIDING, r[=i]'ding, _n._ one of the three divisions of the county of York. -[A corr. of _thriding_--Ice. _thridjungr_, the third, _thridhi_, third, -_thrir_, three.] - -RIDOTTO, ri-dot'[=o], _n._ a house of public entertainment: a dancing -party.--_v.i._ to frequent such. [It.] - -RIE, an old spelling of _rye_. - -RIEM, r[=e]m, _n._ a raw-hide thong. [Dut.] - -RIESEL-IRON, r[=e]'zel-[=i]'urn, _n._ a kind of nipper used to remove -irregularities from the edges of glass. - -RIEVE, RIEVER. Same as REAVE, REAVER. - -RIFACIMENTO, r[=e]-f[:a]-chi-men't[=o], _n._ a recasting of literary -works:--_pl._ RIFACIMEN'TI. [It.] - -RIFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ prevailing: abundant: plentiful: well supplied: -current: manifest.--_adv._ RIFE'LY.--_n._ RIFE'NESS. [A.S. _r['i]fe_; Dut. -_rijf_, Ice. _r['i]fr_.] - -RIFFLE, rif'l, _n._ in mining, the lining of the bottom of a sluice: in -seal engraving, a small iron disc at the end of a tool.--_n._ RIFF'LER, a -curved file for working in depressions. [Dan. _rifle_, a groove.] - -RIFF-RAFF, rif'-raf, _n._ sweepings: refuse: the rabble, the mob. -[Explained by Skeat as M. E. _rif and raf_--O. Fr. _rif et raf_, also -_rifle et rafle_. _Rifler_, to rifle, ransack--Ice. _hr['i]fa_, to catch; -_rafler_--Teut., cf. Ger. _raffen_, to seize.] - -RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to carry off by force: to strip, to rob: to whet, -as a scythe.--_n._ R[=I]'FLER. [O. Fr. _rifler_--Scand., Ice. _hr['i]fa_, -to seize.] - -RIFLE, r[=i]'fl, _v.t._ to groove spirally, as a gun-barrel.--_n._ a musket -with a barrel spirally grooved--many varieties, the _Enfield_, _Mini['e]_, -_Martini-Henry_, _Chassepot_, _Mannlicher-repeating_, _Remington_, -_Lee-Metford_, &c.--_ns._ R[=I]'FLE-BIRD, an Australian bird-of-Paradise; -R[=I]'FLE-CORPS, a body of soldiers armed with rifles; R[=I]'FLEMAN, a man -armed with a rifle; R[=I]'FLE-PIT, a pit dug to shelter riflemen; -R[=I]'FLE-RANGE, a place for practice with the rifle; R[=I]'FLING, the act -of cutting spiral grooves in the bore of a gun; R[=I]'FLING-MACHINE'. -[Scand.; Dan. _rifle_, to groove, freq. of _rive_, to tear.] - -RIFT, rift, _n._ an opening split in anything: a fissure: a veil: a -fording-place.--_v.t._ to rive: to cleave.--_v.i._ to split: to burst open. -[_Rive._] - -RIG, rig, _v.t._ to clothe, to dress: to put on: to equip: (_naut._) to fit -with sails and tackling:--_pr.p._ rig'ging; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ -rigged.--_n._ sails and tackling: an equipage, or turn-out, for driving, -&c.: fishing-tackle: (_coll._) costume, dress.--_ns._ RIG'GER, one who rigs -or dresses: in machinery, a large cylindrical pulley, or narrow drum; -RIG'GING, tackle: the system of cordage which supports a ship's masts and -extends the sails: the roof; RIG'GING-LOFT, the place in a theatre from -which the scenery is raised; RIG'GING-SCREW, a machine formed of a clamp -worked by a screw; RIG'GING-TREE, a roof-tree; RIG'-OUT, an outfit.--RIG -OUT, to furnish with complete dress, &c.; RIG THE MARKET, to raise or lower -prices artificially. [Scand.; Norw. _rigga_, to bandage, to put on sails, -_rigg_, rigging.] - -RIG, rig, _n._ (_Scot._) a ridge: a path. [_Ridge._] - -RIG, rig, _n._ a frolic, trick: (_obs._) a wanton.--_v.i._ to romp, act the -wanton.--_adj._ RIG'GISH (_Shak._), wanton, lewd.--_n._ RIG'GITE, one who -plays rigs, a jester.--RUN A RIG, to play a trick; RUN THE RIG UPON, to -play a trick upon. [Prob. _wriggle_.] - -RIGADOON, rig-a-d[=oo]n', _n._ a lively dance for one couple, or its music: -formerly in the French army, a beat of drum while culprits were being -marched to punishment. [Fr. _rigaudon_.] - -RIGATION, r[=i]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ irrigation. [_Irrigation._] - -RIGESCENT, r[=i]-jes'ent, _n._ growing stiff. - -RIGGLE, rig'l, _n._ a species of sand-eel. - -RIGHT, r[=i]t, _adj._ straight: most direct: upright: erect: according to -truth and justice: according to law: true: correct: just: fit: proper: -exact: most convenient: well performed: most dexterous, as the hand: on the -right-hand: on the right-hand of one looking towards the mouth of a river: -righteous: duly genuine: correct in judgment: equitable: not crooked: to be -preferred: precise: in good health: denoting the side designed to go -outward, as cloth: opposed to left, as the right-hand: (_math._) upright -from a base: containing 90 degrees.--_n._ RIGHT'NESS. [A.S. _riht_; Ger. -_recht_, L. _rectus_.] - -RIGHT, r[=i]t, _adv._ in a straight or direct line: in a right manner: -according to truth and justice: correctly: very: in a great degree. - -RIGHT, r[=i]t, _n._ that which is right or correct: truth: justice: virtue: -freedom from error: what one has a just claim to: privilege: property: the -right side.--_n._ RIGHT'-ABOUT', in the opposite direction.--_adj._ -RIGHT'-ANG'LED, having a right angle or angles; RIGHT'-DRAWN (_Shak._), -drawn in a right or just cause.--_v.t._ RIGHT'EN, to set right.--_n._ -RIGHT'ER, one who sets right or redresses wrong.--_adj._ RIGHT'FUL, having -a just claim: according to justice: belonging by right.--_adv._ -RIGHT'FULLY.--_ns._ RIGHT'FULNESS, righteousness: justice; RIGHT'-HAND, the -hand which is more used, convenient, and dexterous than the other.--_adj._ -chiefly relied on.--_adj._ RIGHT'-HAND'ED, using the right-hand more easily -than the left: dextral: clockwise.--_ns._ RIGHT'-HAND'EDNESS; -RIGHT'-HAND'ER, a blow with the right-hand.--_adjs._ RIGHT'-HEART'ED, -having right or kindly dispositions: good-hearted; RIGHT'LESS, without -right.--_adv._ RIGHT'LY, uprightly: suitably: not erroneously.--_adj._ -RIGHT'-MIND'ED, having a right or honest mind.--_ns._ RIGHT'-MIND'EDNESS, -the state of being right-minded; RIGHT'NESS, the character of being right, -correctness: the state of being on the right-hand; RIGHT-OF-WAY, the right -which the public has to the free passage over roads or tracks, esp. such as -are not statutory roads.--_advs._ RIGHTS (_obs._); RIGHT'WARD.--_n._ -RIGHT'-WHALE, the Greenland whale, the most important species of the true -whales.--RIGHT AND LEFT, on both sides; RIGHT ASCENSION (see ASCENSION); -RIGHT BANK OF A RIVER, the bank on the right hand of a person looking in -the direction the water flows; RIGHT DOWN, plainly; RIGHT OF ACTION, a -right which will sustain a civil action; RIGHT OFF, immediately; RIGHT THE -HELM, to put it amidships, in a line with the keel.--ABSOLUTE RIGHTS, those -which belong to human beings as such; AT ALL RIGHTS, in all points; BASE -RIGHT (_Scots law_), the right which a disposer acquires when he disposes -of feudal property; BY RIGHT, or RIGHTS, rightfully; CLAIM OF RIGHT, the -statement of the right of the church to spiritual independence and liberty -from the interference of the civil courts in her spiritual functions, -adopted by an immense majority of the General Assembly in 1842; CONTINGENT -RIGHTS, such as are distinguished from vested rights; DECLARATION AND BILL -OF RIGHTS, the instrument drawn up by the Convention Parliament which -called the Prince and Princess of Orange to the throne of England in 1689, -stating the fundamental principles of the constitution; DECLARATION OF THE -RIGHTS OF MAN, a famous statement of the constitution and principles of -civil society and government adopted by the French National Assembly in -August 1789; DO ONE RIGHT, to do one justice; HAVE A RIGHT, to be under a -moral necessity; HAVE RIGHT, to be right; IN ONE'S OWN RIGHT, by absolute -and personal right; IN THE RIGHT, free from error; NATURAL RIGHTS, those -which exist by virtue of natural law--liberty, security of person and -property; PETITION OF RIGHT, an action by which a subject vindicates his -rights against the Crown; PUBLIC RIGHTS, the rights which the state has -over the subject, and the subject against the state; PUT TO RIGHTS, to -arrange; THE RIGHT, among continentals, the conservatives, from their -usually sitting on the president's right in legislative assemblies; THE -RIGHT SIDE, the place of honour; WRIT OF RIGHT, an action to establish the -title to real property. - -RIGHTEOUS, r[=i]'tyus, _adj._ living and acting according to right and -justice: free from guilt or sin: equitable: merited.--_adv._ RIGHT'EOUSLY, -in a righteous manner: (_arch._) justly.--_n._ RIGHT'EOUSNESS, purity of -life: rectitude: conformity to a right standard: a righteous act or -quality: holiness: the coming into spiritual reconciliation with God by -means of the righteousness of Christ being imputed to a man in consequence -of faith.--ORIGINAL RIGHTEOUSNESS, the condition of man before the Fall as -made in the image of God. [A.S. _rihtw['i]s_--_riht_, right, _w['i]s_, -wise.] - -RIGID, rij'id, _adj._ not easily bent: stiff: severe: strict: unyielding: -harsh: without delicacy: wanting in ease.--_n._ RIGID'ITY, the quality of -resisting change of form: stiffness of manner.--_adv._ RIG'IDLY.--_n._ -RIG'IDNESS.--_adj._ RIGID'[=U]LOUS, rather stiff. [L. -_rigidus_--_rig[=e]re_, to be stiff with cold.] - -RIGMAROLE, rig'ma-r[=o]l, _n._ a repetition of foolish words: a long story: -balderdash.--_adj._ prolix, tedious. [A corr. of _ragman-roll_, a document -with a long list of names, or with numerous seals pendent.] - -RIGOL, rig'ol, _n._ (_Shak._) a ring, a circle of a crown or coronet. [It. -_rigolo_--Teut.; Ger. _ringel_, a ring.] - -RIGOLETTE, rig-[=o]-let', _n._ a light head-wrap. - -RIGOR, r[=i]'gur, _n._ the same as RIGOUR: (_med._) a sense of chilliness -with contraction of the skin, a preliminary symptom of many diseases.--_n._ -R[=I]'GOR-MOR'TIS, the characteristic stiffening of the body caused by the -contraction of the muscles after death. - -RIGOUR, rig'ur, _n._ the quality of being rigid or severe: stiffness of -opinion or temper: strictness: exactness: violence: relentlessness: -severity of climate: _(med._, spelt RIGOR; see above).--_adj._ RIG'OROUS, -exercising rigour: allowing no abatement: marked by severity: harsh: -scrupulously accurate: very severe.--_adv._ RIG'OROUSLY.--_ns._ -RIG'OROUSNESS; RIG'OURISM (_R.C._), the opposite of _Probalilism_; -RIG'OURIST, a person of strict principles: a purist. [L. -_rigor_--_rig[=e]re._] - -RIGSDAG, rigz'dag, _n._ the parliament of Denmark. - -RIGVEDA, rig-v[=a]'da, _n._ the first of the four Vedas. [Sans., _rich_, a -hymn, _veda_, knowledge.] - -RIGWIDDIE, rig-wid'i, _n._ (_Scot._) the rope that goes over a horse's back -to support the shafts of the vehicle it draws. [_Rig_, the back, _widdie_, -_withy_, a rope.] - -RILE, r[=i]l, _v.t._ to make angry, to vex--a form of _roil_. - -RILIEVO, or RELIEVO. See ALTO-RELIEVO. - -RILL, ril, _n._ a small murmuring brook: a streamlet.--_v.i._ to flow in -small streams.--_ns._ RILL'ET (_Tenn._), a rivulet, a little rill; -RILL'-MARK, a marking produced by the oozing of water on sand. [Low Ger. -_rille_, a channel; Ger. _rille_, a furrow.] - -RIM, rim, _n._ a raised margin, border, brim: in a wheel, the circular part -farthest from the nave.--_v.t._ to put a rim to:--_pr.p._ rim'ming; _pa.t._ -and _pa.p._ rimmed.--_n._ RIM'-FIRE, a cartridge which has a detonating -substance placed in some part of the rim of its base.--_adjs._ RIM'IFORM; -RIM'LESS.--_ns._ RIM'MER, an instrument for ornamenting pastry; -RIM'-PL[=A]N'ER, a machine for dressing wheel-fellies; RIM'-SAW, a saw, the -cutting part of which is annular. [A.S. _rima_.] - -RIM, rim, _n._ a membrane: the peritoneum. [A.S. _re['o]ma_.] - -RIMBASE, rim'b[=a]s, _n._ a short cylinder connecting a trunnion with the -body of a cannon. - -RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ hoar-frost: frozen dew.--_adj._ R[=I]'MY. [A.S. -_hr['i]m_; Dut. _rijm_, Ger. _reif_.] - -RIME, r[=i]m, _n._ a rent, chink, or fissure--also R[=I]'MA:--_pl._ -R[=I]'MAE.--_adj._ R[=I]MOSE', full of rimes or chinks: having numerous -minute fissures, mostly parallel, like the bark of a tree.--_n._ RIMOS'ITY, -state of being rimose or chinky.--_adj._ R[=I]'MOUS, rimose. [L. _rima_.] - -RIMPLE, rim'pl, _v.i._ to wrinkle. - -RIMULA, rim'[=u]-la, _n._ (_conch._) a genus of fossil keyhole -limpets.--_adjs._ RIM'[=U]LIFORM, shaped like a crack; RIM'[=U]LOSE. [L., -dim. of _rima_, a crack.] - -RINABOUT, rin'a-bowt, _n._ (_Scot._) a vagrant. - -RIND, r[=i]nd, _n._ the external covering, as the skin of fruit, the bark -of trees, &c.--_v.t._ to strip the rind from.--_adj._ RIND'ED.--_n._ -RIND'-GALL, a defect in timber. [A.S. _rinde_; Dut. and Ger. _rinde_; prob. -Old High Ger. _rinta_, _rinda_.] - -RINDERPEST, rin'd[.e]r-pest, _n._ a malignant and contagious disease of -cattle. [Ger., 'cattle-plague.'] - -RINE, r[=i]n, _v.t._ to touch.--_n._ the same as RIND. [A.S. _hr['i]nan_; -Ice. _hr['i]na_, to hurt.] - -RINE, r[=i]n, _n._ (_prov._) a ditch or water-course.--Also RHINE, RONE, -RUNE. [A.S. _ryne_, a run, flow--_rinnan_, to run; Ger. _ronne_, a -channel.] - -RINFORZANDO, rin-for-tsan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) with special emphasis. -[It.] - -RING, ring, _n._ a circle: a small hoop, usually of metal, worn on the -finger or in the ear as an ornament: a circular area for races, &c.: a -circular course, a revolution: a clique organised to control the market: an -arena or prize-ring: the commercial measure of staves for casks: -(_archit._) a cincture round a column: (_anat._) an annulus: a group or -combination of persons.--_v.t._ to encircle: to fit with a ring: to -surround: to wed with a ring: (_hort._) to cut out a ring of bark from a -tree.--_v.i._ to move in rings.--_ns._ RING'-AR'MATURE, an armature in -which the coils of wire are wound round a ring; RING'-ARM'OUR, armour made -of metal rings (see CHAIN-MAIL).--_v.t._ RING'-BARK, to strip a ring of -bark round a tree to kill it.--_ns._ RING'BILL, the ring-necked duck; -RING'-BOLT, an iron bolt with a ring through a hole at one end; RING'BONE, -in farriery, a bony callus on a horse's pastern-bone, the result of -inflammation: the condition caused by this; RING'-BUNT'ING, the -reed-bunting; RING'-CARR'IER, a go-between; RING'-D[=I]'AL, a portable -sun-dial; RING'-DOG, an iron apparatus for hauling timber; RING'-DOTT'EREL, -the ringed plover; RING'DOVE, the cushat or wood-pigeon, so called from a -white ring or line on the neck; RING'-DROP'PING, a trick practised by -rogues upon simple people.--_adj._ RINGED, surrounded as with a ring, -annulose, annulate: wearing a wedding-ring.--_ns._ RINGED'-CAR'PET, a -British geometrid moth; RING'-FENCE, a fence continuously encircling an -estate, a limit; RING'-FING'ER, the third finger of the left hand, on which -women wear their marriage-ring.--_adj._ RING'-FORMED, annular.--_ns._ -RING'-FRAME, any one of a class of spinning-machines with vertical -spindles; RING'-GAUGE, a measure consisting of a ring of fixed size used -for measuring spherical objects; RING'LEADER, the head of a riotous body: -one who opens a ball; RING'LET, a little ring: a curl, esp. of -hair.--_adj._ RING'LETED.--_ns._ RING'LOCK, a puzzle-lock; RING'-MAIL, -chain-armour; RING'MAN, the third finger of the hand: one interested in the -prize-ring; RING'-MAS'TER, one who has charge of a circus-ring and the -performances in it; RING'-MON'EY, rudely formed rings anciently used for -money; RING'-NECK, a kind of ring-plover: the ring-necked duck; RING'-NET, -a net for catching butterflies; RING'-OU'SEL, a species of thrush, with a -white band on the breast; RING'-PARR'OT, a common Indian parrot; -RING'-PERCH, the perch of North America; RING'-PLOV'ER, a ring-necked -plover; RING'-ROPE, a rope for hauling the cable in rough weather; -RING'-SAW, a scroll-saw with annular web; RING'-SMALL, broken stones of -such a size as to pass through a ring two inches in diameter; RING'-SNAKE, -the collared snake, a harmless serpent of the United States; RING'STER, a -member of a ring; RING'-STOP'PER, a piece of rope by which the ring of an -anchor is secured to the cat-head.--_adjs._ RING'-STRAKED (_B._), --STREAKED, streaked with rings.--_n._ RING'-TAIL (_naut._), a studding-sail -set upon the gaff of a fore-and-aft sail: a light sail set abaft and beyond -the spanker: the female of the hen-harrier, named from a rust-coloured ring -formed by the tips of the tail-feathers when expanded.--_adj._ -RING'-TAILED, having the tail marked with bars or rings of colour, as a -lemur: having a tail curled at the end.--_ns._ RING'-THRUSH, the -ring-ousel; RING'-TIME (_Shak._), time for marrying; RING'-VALVE, a hollow -cylindrical valve; RING'-WORK, a material composed of rings interlinked; -RING'WORM, a skin disease in which itchy pimples appear in rings.--RING THE -CHANGES (see CHANGE).--RIDE, or TILT, AT THE RING, to practise the sport of -riding rapidly, spear in hand, and carrying off with it a ring hung up; THE -RING, pugilism and the persons connected with it. [A.S. _hring_; Ice. -_hring-r_, Ger., Dan., and Sw. _ring_.] - -RING, ring, _v.i._ to sound as a bell when struck: to tinkle: to practise -the art of ringing bells: to continue to sound: to be filled with report: -to resound: to echo.--_v.t._ to cause to sound, as a metal: to produce by -ringing:--_pa.t._ rang, rung; _pa.p._ rung.--_n._ a sound, esp. of metals: -the sound of many voices: a chime of many bells.--_ns._ RING'ER; RING'ING, -the act of causing to sound, as music-bells: resounding.--_adv._ -RING'INGLY.--RING BACKWARD, to change the order of ringing; RING DOWN, to -conclude; RING IN (_theat._), to signal the conductor to begin; RINGING OF -THE EARS, a sound in the ears; RING UP, to rouse by the ringing of a bell. -[A.S. _hringan_; cog. with Ice. _hringja_, to ring bells, _hringla_, to -clink, Dan. _ringle_, to tinkle.] - -RINGE, rinj, _n._ a whisk made of heather. - -RINGENT, rin'jent, _adj._ gaping. - -RINGICULA, rin-jik'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of tectibranchiates. - -RINK, ringk, _n._ the area where a race is run or games are played: a place -artificially prepared for skating: a certain piece of ice marked off for -curling--about 40 yards in length, and 9 in breadth. [Simply a variant of -_ring_, a circle.] - -RINSE, rins, _v.t._ to cleanse by introducing water: to cleanse with clean -water.--_ns._ RINS'ER; RINS'ING-MACHINE', in cotton manufacture, a series -of tanks for cleansing. [O. Fr. _rinser_ (Fr. _rincer_)--Ice. _hreinsa_; -Ger. and Dut. _rein_, pure.] - -RINTHEREOUT, rin'th[=a]r-[=oo]t, _n._ (_Scot._) a vagrant: a vagabond. - -RIO, RIYO, r[=a]-[=o]', _n._ a Japanese ounce, esp. of silver: a tael. - -RIOT, r[=i]'ot, _n._ uproar: tumult: a disturbance of the peace: excessive -feasting: luxury.--_v.i._ to brawl: to raise an uproar: to run to excess in -feasting, behaviour, &c.: to be highly excited: to throw into a tumult: to -annoy.--_ns._ R[=I]'OTER; R[=I]'OTING; R[=I]'OTISE (_Spens._), riot, -extravagance.--_adj._ R[=I]'OTOUS, engaging in riot: seditious: tumultuous: -luxurious: wanton.--_adv._ R[=I]'OTOUSLY.--_ns._ R[=I]'OTOUSNESS; -R[=I]'OTRY.--RIOT ACT, a statute designed to prevent riotous -assemblies.--RUN RIOT, to act without restraint or control. [Fr. _riotte_; -ety. dub.] - -RIP, rip, _v.t._ to divide by cutting or tearing: to cut open: to take out -by cutting or tearing: to tear up for search or alteration: to explode, -give vent to.--_v.i._ to break out violently.--_v.t._ to utter violently -(with _out_):--_pr.p._ rip'ping; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ripped.--_n._ a tear: -a rent: a place torn: (_slang_) a vicious person: a worthless horse: a -ripple. [Scand., Norw. _ripa_, to scratch; Ice. _r['i]fa_, to rive.] - -RIP, rip, _n._ (_Scot._) a handful of grain not thrashed. - -RIPARIAN, r[=i]-p[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ belonging to a river-bank: of animals, -shore-loving.--_adj._ RIP[=A]'RIAL.--RIPARIAN NATIONS, nations possessing -opposite banks of the same river; RIPARIAN PROPRIETOR, an owner who has -property in the soil to the centre of the stream; RIPARIAN RIGHTS, the -right of fishery belonging to the proprietor of a stream. [L. _ripa_, a -river-bank.] - -RIPE, r[=i]p, _adj._ ready for harvest: arrived at perfection: fit for use: -developed to the utmost: finished: ready: resembling ripe fruit: mature, as -ripe judgment.--_v.i._ to grow ripe, to ripen.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to make -ripe.--_adv._ RIPE'LY.--_v.i._ R[=I]'PEN, to grow ripe: to approach or -reach perfection.--_v.t._ to make ripe: to bring to perfection.--_n._ -RIPE'NESS. [A.S. _ripe_, conn. with _rip_, harvest; cog. with Dut. _riip_, -Ger. _reif_; akin to A.S. _ripan_, to reap.] - -RIPE, r[=i]p, _v.t._ to search, to rummage. [_Rip._] - -RIPIDOLITE, r[=i]-pid'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ the commonest member of the -chlorite family of minerals. - -RIPIENO, ri-py[=a]'n[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) supplementary.--_n._ a -supplementary instrument or performer:--_pl._ RIPIE'NI.--_n._ RIPIENIST -(ri-py[=a]'nist), a supplementary instrumentalist. [It.] - -RIPON, RIPPON, rip'on, _n._ a spur. [_Ripon_, city.] - -RIPOSTE, ri-p[=o]st', _n._ a quick short thrust in fencing: a repartee. -[Fr.] - -RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ a tool used in shaping roof-slates: a ripping-tool: -one who does his work well: a robber. - -RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ one who brings fish from the coast inland. [L. -_riparius_.] - -RIPPER, rip'[.e]r, _n._ a fog-horn. - -RIPPLE, rip'l, _n._ the light fretting of the surface of water: a little -curling wave.--_v.t._ to cause a ripple in.--_v.i._ to curl on the surface, -as running water.--_ns._ RIPP'LE-BARR'EL, a drum used in theatres; -RIPP'LE-GRASS, the rib-grass; RIPP'LE-MARK, a mark produced on sand at the -bottom by the gentle flow of water: (_geol._) the mark left on a sea-beach -by receding waves, and left impressed on the surface of rocks.--_adj._ -RIPP'LE-MARKED.--_ns._ RIPP'LET, a small ripple: rippling: an eddy; -RIPP'LING, an eddy caused by conflicting currents or tides--also -_adj._--_adv._ RIPP'LINGLY.--_adj._ RIPP'LY, rippling. [Variant of earlier -_rimple_, A.S. _hrimpan_, to wrinkle, pa.p. _hrumpen_.] - -RIPPLE, rip'l, _v.t._ to pluck the seeds from stalks of flax by drawing -them through an iron comb.--_n._ the comb for rippling.--_n._ RIPP'LER, an -apparatus for rippling flax. [Low Ger. _repel_, _reppel_, a ripple, hoe, -Ger. _riffel_.] - -RIPRAP, rip'rap, _n._ broken stones used for walls. - -RIPSACK, rip'sak, _n._ the Californian gray whale. - -RIP-SAW, rip'-saw, _n._ a hand-saw, with large but narrow-set teeth, for -sawing timber lengthwise. - -RIPT=ripped. See RIP. - -RIPUARIAN, rip-[=u]-[=a]'ri-an, _adj._ riparian. - -RISALDAR, ris-al-d[:a]r', _n._ the native commander of a troop of cavalry -in the British Indian army.--_n._ RIS'ALA, a troop of native irregular -cavalry. - -RISBAN, ris'ban, _n._ a piece of ground upon which a fort is constructed -for defence of a post. [Fr.,--Ger. _rissbank_.] - -RISBERM, ris-berm', _n._ a glacis in jetties to withstand the violence of -the sea. - -RISE, r[=i]z, _v.i._ to move from a lower to a higher position: to stand -up: to ascend: to grow upward: to swell in quantity or extent: to take an -upright position: to leave the place of rest: to tower up: to appear above -the horizon: to break forth: to appear: to have its source: to increase in -size, value, &c.: to become excited or hostile: to break forth into -commotion or insurrection: to increase in rank, fortune, or fame: to be -promoted: to be perceptible to other senses: to excavate upward: to come to -mind: to close a session: (_B._) to ascend from the grave:--_pa.t._ -r[=o]se; _pa.p._ risen (riz'n).--_n._ act of rising: ascent: degree of -elevation: a steep: origin: increase: (_archit._) the upright piece of a -step from tread to tread: (_mining_) a shaft excavated from below: (_mus._) -elevation of the voice.--_n._ R[=I]'SER, a rebel: one who, or that which, -rises.--RISE FROM THE RANKS, to win a commission; RISE TO THE OCCASION, to -be equal to an emergency.--TAKE A RISE OUT OF, to take the conceit out of a -person by making him ridiculous. [A.S. _r['i]san_; Ice. _r['i]sa_, Goth. -_reisan_, Ger. _reisen_.] - -RISE, r[=i]s, _n._ a twig, a small bush.--_ns._ RISE'BUSH, a faggot; -R[=I]'SEL, a support for a climbing vine; RISE'-WOOD, small wood cut for -hedging. [A.S. _hr['i]s_; Ger. _reis_.] - -RISHI, rish'i, _n._ a sage or poet, the author of a Vedic hymn.--THE SEVEN -RISHIS, the stars of the Great Bear. [Sans.] - -RISIBLE, riz'i-bl, _adj._ capable of exciting laughter: laughable: -amusing.--_ns._ RISIBIL'ITY, quality of being risible; -RIS'IBLENESS.--_adv._ RIS'IBLY. [L. _risibilis_--_rid[=e]re_, _risum_, to -laugh.] - -RISING, r[=i]'zing, _n._ act of rising: a revolt: resurrection: the -quantity of dough set to rise at one time: (_B._) a tumour.--_adj._ -increasing in importance: advancing: approaching a specified amount, as -rising three years old.--_ns._ R[=I]'SING-LARK, the skylark; -R[=I]'SING-LINE, a line drawn to determine the sweep of the floor-heads -throughout the ship's length; R[=I]'SING-MAIN, the column of pumps in a -mine through which water is lifted to the surface; R[=I]'SING-SEAT, in a -Friends' meeting, that occupied by ministers and elders. - -RISK, risk, _n._ hazard: chance of loss or injury.--_v.t._ to expose to -hazard: to venture, to take the chance of.--_n._ RISK'ER, one who -risks.--_adj._ RISK'Y, dangerous: venturesome.--RUN A RISK, to incur -hazard. [Fr. _risque_ (It. _risico_)--Sp. _risco_, a rock--L. -_resec[=a]re_, to cut off--_re-_, off, _sec[=a]re_, to cut.] - -RISLEY, riz'li, _n._ a Risley performer is an acrobat who lies on his back -and carries burdens on his feet. - -RISORIAL, r[=i]-s[=o]'ri-al, _adj._ risible, causing laughter.--_n._ -RIS[=O]'RIUS, the laughing muscle. [_Risible_.] - -RISOTTO, ri-zot't[=o], _n._ a stew of onions, butter, rice. [It.] - -RISP, risp, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to rasp. - -RISP, risp, _n._ a branch, green stalks. - -RISSA, ris'a, _n._ the genus of birds including the kittiwakes. - -RISSOLE, ris'[=o]l, _n._ fish or meat minced and fried with bread-crumbs -and egg. [Fr.] - -RISTORI, ris-t[=o]'ri, _n._ a woman's loose open jacket--from Madame -_Ristori_, the famous actress. - -RISUS, r[=i]'sus, _n._ a laugh: a grin. [L.] - -RIT, rit, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to strike.--_n._ a scratch, tear, &c. [Dut. -_ritten_, to tear.] - -RITARDANDO, r[=e]-tar-dan'd[=o], _adj._ (_mus._) diminishing in speed. -[It.] - -RITE, r[=i]t, _n._ a religious usage or ceremony.--_adv._ RITE'LY, with due -rites.--AMBROSIAN RITE, the Ambrosian office and liturgy; MOZARABIC RITE -(see MOZARABIC). [L. _ritus_.] - -RITHE, r[=i]_th_, _n._ (_prov._) a small stream. [A.S. _r['i]th_.] - -RITORNELLE, r[=e]-tor-nel', _n._ (_mus._) an instrumental prelude belonging -to a vocal work.--Also RITORNEL'LO. [It.] - -RITTER, rit'[.e]r, _n._ a knight.--_n._ RITT'-MAS'TER, a captain of -cavalry. [Ger. _ritter_.] - -RITTOCK, rit'ok, _n._ the common tern.--Also R['I]PP'OCK. - -RITUAL, rit'[=u]-al, _adj._ consisting of or prescribing rites.--_n._ -manner of performing divine service, or a book containing it: the body of -rites employed in the church: the code of ceremonies observed by an -organisation, as the ritual of the Freemasons.--_ns._ RIT'[=U]ALISM, -systems of rituals or prescribed forms of religion: the observance of them: -the name popularly given to the great increase of ceremonial and symbolism -by means of special vestments, &c., in the Church of England since about -1860-65: RIT'[=U]ALIST, one skilled in or devoted to a ritual: one of the -party devoted to ritualism in the Church of England.--_adj._ -RIT[=U]ALIST'IC, pertaining to the ritual.--_adv._ RIT'[=U]ALLY. [L. -_ritualis_; cf. _Rite_.] - -RIVA, r[=i]'va, _n._ a rift or cleft. [Ice. _rifa_.] - -RIVAGE, riv'[=a]j, _n._ a bank, shore. [Fr.,--L. _ripa_, a bank.] - -RIVAL, r[=i]'val, _n._ one pursuing the same object as another: one who -strives to equal or excel another: a competitor.--_adj._ having the same -claims: standing in competition.--_v.t._ to stand in competition with: to -try to gain the same object as another: to try to equal or excel:--_pr.p._ -r[=i]'valling; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ r[=i]'valled.--_n._ R[=I]'VALESS, a -female rival.--_adj._ R[=I]'VAL-H[=A]T'ING, jealous.--_v.i._ R[=I]'VALISE, -to enter into rivalry.--_ns._ RIVAL'ITY (_Shak._), rivalry, equality in -rank or authority; R[=I]'VALRY, act of rivalling: competition: emulation; -R[=I]'VALSHIP, emulation. [Fr.,--L. _rivalis_--_rivus_, a brook.] - -RIVE, r[=i]v, _v.t._ to tear asunder: to split: to pierce: to -explode.--_v.i._ to be split asunder:--_pa.t._ r[=i]ved; _pa.p._ r[=i]ved, -riv'en.--_n._ that which is torn. [Scand., Ice. _r['i]fa_, to rive; Dut. -_rijven_, Ger. _reiben_.] - -RIVE, r[=i]v, _n._ a bank: shore.--_v.i._ to land. - -RIVEL, riv'el, _v.t._ to wrinkle. [A.S. _rifian_, to wrinkle.] - -RIVELING, riv'ling, _n._ a rough shoe once worn in Scotland: (_obs._) a -Scotchman. [A.S. _rifeling_.] - -RIVER, riv'[.e]r, _n._ a large running stream of water.--_adj._ RIV'ERAIN, -riparian.--_ns._ RIV'ER-BANK, the bank of a river; RIV'ER-B[=A]S'IN, the -whole region drained by a river and its affluents; RIV'ER-BED, the channel -in which a river flows; RIV'ER-BIRCH, the red birch; RIV'ER-BOTT'OM, the -alluvial land along the margin of a river; RIV'ER-CARP, the common carp; -RIV'ER-CHUB, the horny-head or jerker; RIV'ER-COURSE, the bed of a river; -RIV'ER-CRAB, a fresh-water crab; RIV'ER-CRAFT, small vessels which ply on -rivers; RIV'ER-CRAY'FISH, a crayfish proper; RIV'ER-DOL'PHIN, a Gangetic -dolphin; RIV'ER-DRAG'ON (_Milt._), a crocodile; RIV'ER-DUCK, a fresh-water -duck; RIV'ERET, RIV'ERLING, a small river; RIV'ER-FLAT, alluvial land along -a river; RIV'ER-GOD, the tutelary deity of a river; RIV'ER-HEAD, the spring -of a river; RIV'ER-HOG, the capybara; RIV'ER-HORSE, the -hippopotamus.--_adj._ RIV'ERINE, pertaining to, or resembling, a -river.--_ns._ RIV'ER-JACK, the common water-snake of Europe; RIV'ER-MAN, -one who makes his livelihood by dragging the river for sunken goods; -RIVER-MUSS'EL, a fresh-water mussel; RIV'ER-OTT'ER, the common European -otter; RIV'ER-PERCH, a Californian surf-fish; RIV'ER-PIE, the water-ousel; -RIV'ER-SHORE, the shore or bank of a river; RIV'ER-SIDE, the bank of a -river; RIV'ER-SMELT, the gudgeon; RIV'ER-SNAIL, a pond snail; -RIV'ER-SWALL'OW, the sand-martin; RIV'ER-TIDE, the tide from the sea rising -or ebbing in a river; RIV'ER-TOR'TOISE, a soft-shelled turtle; RIV'ER-WALL, -a wall made to confine the waters of a river within definite -bounds.--_adj._ RIV'ERY, pertaining to rivers, like rivers. [Fr. -_rivi[`e]re_ (It. _riviera_, shore, river)--Low L. _riparia_, a shore -district--L. _ripa_, a bank.] - -RIVESALTES, r[=e]v'salt, _n._ a sweet wine made from Muscat grapes. -[_Riv['e]saltes_ in southern France.] - -RIVET, riv'et, _n._ bearded wheat. - -[Illustration] - -RIVET, riv'et, _n._ a bolt of metal fastened by being hammered at both -ends.--_v.t._ to fasten with a rivet: to make firm or immovable:--_pr.p._ -riv'eting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ riv'eted.--_ns._ RIV'ET-CUT'TER, a tool for -cutting off the ends of rivets; RIV'ETER, RIV'ETTER; RIV'ET-HEARTH, a light -portable furnace for heating rivets; RIV'ETING; RIV'ETING-HAMM'ER; -RIV'ETING-MACHINE', a power-machine for forcing hot rivets into position in -metal-work, and heading them; RIV'ETING-SET, a hollow-faced punch for -swaging rivet-heads; RIV'ET-KNOB, a tool for swaging rivet-heads; -RIV'ET-MACHINE', a machine for making rivets from rod-iron. [O. Fr. -_rivet_; acc. to Diez from the root of Ice. _r['i]fa_, Dan. _rive_, Ger. -_reiben_, Eng. _rive_.] - -RIVI[`E]RE, r[=e]-vi[=a]r, _n._ a necklace of precious stones, particularly -diamonds. [Fr.] - -RIVINA, ri-v[=i]'na, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants, the pokeweed family. - -RIVING, r[=i]'ving, _n._ the act of separating.--_ns._ RI'VING-KNIFE, a -tool for splitting shingles; R[=I]'VING-MACHINE', a machine for splitting -wood for hoops. - -RIVO, r[=i]'v[=o], _interj._ (_Shak._) a drinking cry. - -RIVOSE, r[=i]'v[=o]s, _adj._ furrowed. [L. _rivus_, a stream.] - -RIVULARIA, riv-[=u]-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of fresh-water algae. - -RIVULET, riv'[=u]-let, _n._ a small stream, brook: a geometrid -moth.--_adj._ RIV'[=U]LOSE (_bot._), marked with irregular lines. [L. -_rivulus_--_rivus_, a stream.] - -RIX-DOLLAR, riks'-dol'ar, _n._ the rigs-daler of Denmark, &c. - -RIXY, rik'si, _n._ (_prov._) the sea-swallow. - -RIXY, rik'si, _adj._ quarrelsome.--_n._ RIX[=A]'TION, a brawl. [Fr. -_rixe_--L. _rixa_, a quarrel.] - -RIZOM, riz'om, _n._ a plume, as of oats.--_adj._ RIZ'OMED (_her._), having -grains, as an oat-stalk. - -RIZZER, riz'[.e]r, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to dry in the sun.--_n._ a rizzered -haddock. - -RIZZER, riz'[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) a red currant. - -RIZZLE, riz'l, _v.t._ (_prov._) to roast imperfectly. - -RIZZLE, riz'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to creep, as ivy. - -ROACH, r[=o]ch, _n._ a silvery fresh-water fish: a concave curve in the -foot of a square sail.--_v.t._ to arch: to cut short. [O. Fr. -_roche_--Teut.; Ger. _roche_.] - -ROACH, r[=o]ch, _n._ a rock: refuse gritty stone.--AS SOUND AS A ROACH, -perfectly sound. - -ROAD, r[=o]d, _n._ a highway for traffic: (_B._) a plundering -excursion.--_ns._ ROAD, ROAD'STEAD, ROADS, a place where ships ride at -anchor; ROAD'-[=A]G'ENT, a highwayman: a commercial traveller; ROAD'-BED, -the bed or foundation of a road: the whole superstructure thereon; -ROAD'-BOOK, a guide-book; ROAD'-CAR, a kind of omnibus; ROAD'-HARR'OW, a -machine for dragging over roads out of repair; ROAD'ING, the act of running -races with teams; ROAD'-LEV'EL, a plumb-level used in the construction of -roads; ROAD'-LOCOM[=O]'TIVE, a road-steamer; ROAD'-MACHINE', a scraper used -in road-making; ROAD'MAN, ROADS'MAN, one who keeps a road in repair; -ROAD'-MET'AL, broken stones for roads; ROAD'-ROLL'ER, a heavy roller used -on a macadamised road; ROAD'-RUN'NER, a large ground-cuckoo; -ROAD'-SCR[=A]P'ER, an implement for levelling roads and clearing them of -loose stones, &c.; ROAD'SIDE, footpath: wayside; ROAD'STEAD, a place near a -shore where vessels may anchor; ROAD'-STEAM'ER, a locomotive with broad -wheels for roads; ROAD'STER, a horse for driving or riding on the road: a -coach-driver: a bicycle, or tricycle; ROAD'-SURVEY'OR, one who supervises -roads; ROAD'WAY, the way or part of a road or street travelled by -carriages; ROAD'-WEED, a plant of the genus Plantago.--_adj._ ROAD'WORTHY, -fit for the road.--BY THE ROAD, by the highway; ON THE ROAD, travelling; -RULE OF THE ROAD, the custom of the country in passing on a highway; TAKE -TO THE ROAD, to become a highwayman. [A.S. _r['a]d_, a riding--_r['a]d_, -pa.t. of _r['i]dan_, to ride.] - -ROAM, r[=o]m, _v.i._ to rove about: to ramble.--_v.t._ to wander over: to -range.--_n._ ROAM'ER, a wanderer. [M. E. _romen_, _ramen_; allied to A.S. -_['a]-r['ae]man_, to spread out, Old High Ger. _r[=a]man_, _r[=a]men_, to -direct one's course; the meaning influenced by M. E. _Rome-rennere_, a -pilgrim.] - -ROAN, r[=o]n, _adj._ having a bay or dark colour, with spots of gray and -white: of a mixed colour, with a decided shade of red.--_n._ a roan colour: -a roan horse: grained sheepskin leather. [O. Fr. _roan_ (Fr. _rouan_)--Low -L. _rufanus_--L. _rufus_, red.] - -ROAN-TREE, r[=o]n'-tr[=e]. See _Rowan_. - -ROAR, r[=o]r, _v.i._ to utter a full, loud sound: to bellow, as a beast: to -cry aloud: to bawl: to guffaw.--_n._ a full, loud sound: the cry of a -beast: an outcry of mirth, esp. of laughter.--_ns._ ROAR'ER; ROAR'ING, act -or sound of roaring: a disease of horses causing them to roar in -breathing.--_adv._ ROAR'INGLY.--ROARING BOYS, swaggerers; ROARING FORTIES, -the stormy tract between 49deg and 50deg N. latitude; ROARING GAME, -curling. [A.S. _r['a]rian_; Mid. High Ger. _r[=e]ran_, Ger. _r[:o]hren_, to -cry as a stag, to bellow.] - -ROAST, r[=o]st, _v.t._ to cook before a fire, or in an oven: to expose a -person to ridicule: to parch by exposure to heat: to heat to excess: to -dissipate the volatile parts of by heat.--_n._ that which is -roasted.--_ns._ ROAS'TER, anything suitable for roasting: a furnace used in -making ball soda; ROAS'TER-SLAG, slag from the fifth stage of -copper-smelting; ROAS'TING; ROAS'TING-CYL'INDER, a furnace for roasting -ore; ROAS'TING-EAR, an ear of maize fit for roasting; ROAS'TING-JACK, an -apparatus for turning the spit on which meat is roasted; ROAS'TING-KILN; -ROAS'TING-OV'EN; ROAST'-[=I]'RON, a gridiron.--ROASTBEEF PLANT, an iris of -Western Europe.--RULE THE ROAST, to domineer. [A.S. _r['o]stian_; cog. with -Dut. _roosten_, Ger. _r[:o]sten_; or O. Fr. _rostir_ (Fr. _r[^o]tir_)--Old -High Ger. _r[=o]stan_; or Celt., as Gael. _rost_, W. _rhostio_, Bret. -_rosta_, all meaning to roast.] - -ROB, rob, _v.t._ to take away from by force or theft: to plunder: to steal: -to deprive: (_B._) to withhold what is due.--_v.i._ to commit -robbery:--_pr.p._ rob'bing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ robbed.--_ns._ ROB'BER, one -who robs; ROB'BER-COUN'CIL (_Latrocinium Ephesinum_), the council which met -at Ephesus in August 449, under the presidency of Dioscurus, whose horde of -fanatical monks by sheer violence carried the restoration of Eutyches--its -resolutions were annulled at Chalcedon in 451; ROB'BER-CRAB, a hermit-crab; -ROB'BER-FLY, any dipterous insect of the family _Asilidae_; ROB'BER-GULL, -the skua; ROB'BERY, theft from the person, aggravated by violence or -intimidation: plundering.--ROBBING PETER TO PAY PAUL, paying and repaying -out of the same fund: taking what is due to one to pay another. [O. Fr. -_rober_--Old High Ger. _roub[=o]n_, Ger. _rauben_.] - -ROB, rob, _n._ the juice of ripe fruit mixed with honey or sugar. -[Fr.,--Sp.,--Ar. _robb_, purified syrup of boiled fruit.] - -ROBALO, rob'a-l[=o], _n._ a fish of the genus _Centropomus_. [Sp.,--L. -_labrus_--Gr. _labrax_.] - -ROBBIN, rob'in, _n._ a short piece of spun-yarn to fasten the head of a -sail: the spring of a carriage: the package in which spices, &c., are -exported from the East Indies. - -ROBE, r[=o]b, _n._ a gown or outer garment: a dress of dignity or state: a -rich dress: a dressed skin: the largest and strongest tobacco-leaves: the -early form of the chasuble.--_v.t._ to dress, clothe.--_v.i._ to assume -official vestments.--_ns._ ROBE'-DE-CHAM'BRE, a dressing-gown; -ROBE'-M[=A]K'ER, a maker of official robes; ROB'ING, the act of putting on -ceremonious apparel: a trimming on women's garments; ROB'ING-ROOM, a room -in which those wearing official robes, as lawyers, &c., put them -on.--MASTER OF THE ROBES, an officer having the charge of the sovereign's -robes; THE ROBE, or THE LONG ROBE, the legal profession. [Fr. _robe_, -_robbe_; from Old High Ger. _raup_ (Ger. _raub_), booty.] - -ROBERD, rob'[.e]rd, _n._ the chaffinch. - -ROBERTSMAN, rob'[.e]rts-man, _n._ a stout robber.--Also ROB'ERDSMAN. - -ROBIN, rob'in, _n._ the ROB'IN-RED'BREAST, a well-known and widely-spread -singing bird of the family _Sylviidae_, with a reddish-orange breast: the -red-breasted thrush of North America: the sea-robin or red-breasted -merganser: a trimming in front of a dress.--_ns._ ROB'IN-BREAST, the -robin-snipe; ROB'IN-DIP'PER, the buffle-headed duck; ROB'INET, a chaffinch: -a little robin: a tap; ROB'IN-GOOD'FELLOW, the English name of a domestic -spirit or brownie, described as the offspring of a woman and Oberon, king -of the fairies: an elf or fairy generally, Puck; ROB'IN-RUN-IN-THE-HEDGE, -the ground-ivy: the bed-straw; ROB'IN-SNIPE, the red-breasted sandpiper; -ROB'IN'S-RYE, the hair-cap moss. [A familiar form of _Robert_; cf. -_Jack_-daw, _Mag_-pie.] - -ROBINIA, r[=o]-bin'i-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous trees and shrubs--the -_Locust-tree_, the _False Acacia_, _Thorn Acacia_, often simply Acacia. -[From the Paris gardener Jean _Robin_ (1550-1629).] - -ROBLE, r[=o]'bl, _n._ one of the white oaks of California. [Sp.,--L. -_robur_, oak.] - -ROBORANT, rob'or-ant, _adj._ giving strength.--_n._ a strengthening -medicine.--_adj._ ROB[=O]'REOUS, like oak, strong. [L. _robor[=a]re_, to -strengthen.] - -ROBURITE, rob'[=u]-r[=i]t, _n._ a flameless explosive, composed of -chlorinated dinitro-benzene mixed with sufficient ammonium nitrate to -completely oxidise it. - -ROBUST, r[=o]-bust', _adj._ of great strength or vigour: requiring -strength: rude, rough.--_adj._ ROBUST'IOUS (_Milt._), violent, -rough.--_adv._ ROBUST'IOUSLY.--_n._ ROBUST'IOUSNESS.--_adv._ -ROBUST'LY.--_n._ ROBUST'NESS. [Fr.,--L. _robustus_--_robur_, oak.] - -ROC, rok, _n._ an immense fabulous bird, able to carry off an -elephant--also ROK, RUC, RUKH.--ROC'S EGG, a mare's nest. [Pers. _rukh_.] - -ROCAILLE, r[=o]-kal'-ye, _n._ a scroll ornament of the eighteenth century. - -ROCAMBOLE, rok'am-b[=o]l, _n._ a plant of the same genus with garlic, -onion, leek, &c., long cultivated in kitchen-gardens.--Also ROK'AMBOLE. - -ROCCELLA, rok-sel'a, _n._ a genus of parmeliaceous lichens, yielding dyers' -archil or orchil.--_adjs._ ROCCEL'LIC, ROCCEL'LINE. [Cf. _Archil._] - -ROCCUS, rok'us, _n._ a genus of serranoid fishes, including the rock-fish -or striped bass of the United States. - -ROCHEA, r[=o]'k[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of plants of the order _Crassulaceae_. -[From the botanist _Laroche_.] - -ROCHELLE-POWDER, r[=o]-shel'-pow'd[.e]r, _n._ seidlitz-powder.--_n._ -ROCHELLE'-SALT, the popular name of the tartrate of soda and potash -discovered in 1672 by a _Rochelle_ apothecary named Seignette. - -ROCHET, roch'et, _n._ a close-fitting fine linen or lawn vestment proper to -bishops and abbots: a mantlet worn by the peers of England during -ceremonies. [O. Fr., dim. of Low L. _roccus_--Old High Ger. _roch_ (A.S. -_rocc_, Ger. _rock_), a coat.] - -ROCHES MOUTONN['E]ES, rosh m[=oo]-to-n[=a], _n.pl._ smooth, rounded, -hummocky bosses and undulating surfaces of rock, common in regions -overflowed by glacier-ice. [Fr., _roche_, a rock, _moutonn['e]e_, masc. -_moutonn['e]_, rounded like a sheep's back.] - -ROCK, rok, _n._ a large mass of stone: (_geol._) a natural deposit of sand, -earth, or clay: that which has the firmness of a rock, foundation, support, -defence: (_Scot._) a distaff: a hard sweetmeat.--_v.t._ to throw stones -at.--_ns._ ROCK'-AL'UM, alum stone; ROCK'-AWAY, a four-wheeled North -American pleasure-carriage; ROCK'-BAD'GER, a ground-squirrel of North -America; ROCK'-B[=A]S'IN, a lacustrine hollow in a rock, excavated by -glacier-ice; ROCK'-BASS, a centrarchoid fish, the goggle-eye; ROCK'-BIRD, a -cock of the rock.--_adj._ ROCK'-BOUND, hemmed in by rocks.--_ns._ -ROCK'-BREAK'ER, a machine for breaking stones for road-metal; -ROCK'-BUTT'ER, an impure alum efflorescence of a butter-like consistency -found oozing from some alum slates; ROCK'-CAN'DY, pure sugar in large -crystals: candy-sugar; ROCK'-CIST, a plant of the genus _Helianthemum_; -ROCK'-COOK, the small-mouthed wrasse; ROCK'-CORK, mountain cork, a variety -of asbestos; ROCK'-CRAB, a crab found at rocky sea-bottoms.--_adj._ -ROCK'-CROWNED, surmounted with rocks.--_ns._ ROCK'-CRYS'TAL, the finest and -purest quartz, the name being generally applied, however, only to crystals -in which the six-sided prism is well developed; ROCK'-DOL'PHIN, the -sea-scorpion; ROCK'-DOVE, the rock-pigeon or blue-rock; ROCK'-DRILL, a -machine-drill worked by steam, &c.; ROCK'-EEL, a fish of the family -_Xiphidiontidae_; ROCK'-ELM, an American elm; ROCK'ER, the rock-dove; -ROCK'ERY, ROCK'WORK, a mound made with pieces of rock, earth, &c. for the -cultivation of ferns, &c.; ROCK'-F[=E]'VER, intermittent fever; ROCK'-FIRE, -in pyrotechny, a composition of resin, sulphur, nitre, regulus of antimony, -and turpentine, burning slowly; ROCK'-FISH, a name applied to various -different varieties of wrasse, the striped bass, black goby, &c.; -ROCK'-GOAT, an ibex; ROCK'-HAWK, the merlin; ROCK'-HEAD, bed-rock; -ROCK'-HOP'PER, a curl-crested penguin; ROCK'IE (_Scot._), the rock-lintie -or twite; ROCK'INESS; ROCK'-LEATH'ER, rock-cork; ROCK'-LIL'Y, a tropical -American cryptogamous plant: a white-flowered Australian orchid; -ROCK'-LIM'PET, a limpet which adheres to rocks; ROCK'LING, a genus of -fishes of the cod family _Gadidae_, of which several species frequent the -British seas; ROCK'-LIN'TIE (_Scot._), the twite: the ROCK'-LARK; -ROCK'-MAN'IKIN, a rock-bird; ROCK'-MOSS, lichen which yields archil; -ROCK'-OIL, petroleum; ROCK'-OU'SEL, the ring-ousel; ROCK'-OYS'TER, an -oyster-like bivalve; ROCK'-PI'GEON, a pigeon inhabiting rocks and caves: -the sand-pigeon; ROCK'-PIP'IT, the British tit-lark.--_n.pl._ ROCK'-PLANTS, -a term applied in gardening to a very miscellaneous group of plants which -by their habit of growth are adapted to adorn rockeries.--_ns._ -ROCK'-PLOV'ER, the rock-snipe; ROCK'-RABB'IT, a hyrax; ROCK'-ROSE, a plant -of either of the genera _Cistus_ and _Helianthemum_ of the rock-rose family -(_Cistaceae_); ROCK'-RU'BY, a ruby-red garnet; ROCK'-SALM'ON, the -coal-fish: an amber-fish; ROCK'-SALT, salt in solid form; ROCK'-SER'PENT, a -venomous Indian serpent, allied to the cobra; ROCK'-SL[=A]T'ER, a -wood-louse; ROCK'-SNAKE, a python or anaconda; ROCK'-SNIPE, the purple -sandpiper; ROCK'-SOAP, a deep-black mineral used for crayons, consisting of -silica, alumina, peroxide of iron, and water; ROCK'-SPARR'OW, a finch: the -ring-sparrow; ROCK'-STAR'LING, the rock-ousel; ROCK'-SWIFT, the -white-throated rock-swift of North America; ROCK'-TAR, petroleum; -ROCK'-TEM'PLE, a temple hewn out of the solid rock; ROCK'-THRUSH, any bird -of the genus _Monticola_ or _Petrocincla_; ROCK'-TRIPE, lichens of the -genus _Umbilicaria_; ROCK'-TROUT, the common American brook-trout: -sea-trout; ROCK'-V[=I]'OLET, an alga growing on moist rocks in the Alps; -ROCK'-WAR'BLER, a small Australian bird; ROCK'-WIN'KLE, a periwinkle; -ROCK'-WOOD, ligniform asbestos; ROCK'WORK (_archit._), masonry in imitation -of masses of rock: a rockery; ROCK'-WREN, a wren which frequents -rocks.--_adj._ ROCK'Y, full of rocks: resembling a rock: hard: unfeeling. -[O. Fr. _roke_, roche; prob. Celt., as in Gael. _roc_, W. _rhwg_, a -projection.] - -ROCK, rok, _n._ a distaff.--_n._ ROCK'ING, an evening party in the country. -[Ice. _rokkr_; Ger. _rocken_.] - -ROCK, rok, _v.t._ to move backward and forward: to lull or quiet.--_v.i._ -to be moved backward and forward, to reel.--_ns._ ROCK'ER, the curved -support on which a cradle or rocking-chair rocks: a rocking-horse or chair: -a mining cradle; ROCK'-CAM, a cam keyed to a rock-shaft; ROCK'ING, a -swaying backward and forward: the abrading of a copper plate with a rocker, -preparatory to mezzo-tinting: the motion by which the design on a steel -mill is transferred to a copper cylinder; ROCK'ING-BEAM, an oscillating -beam in an automatic transmitter; ROCK'ING-CHAIR, a chair mounted on -rockers; ROCK'ING-HORSE, the figure of a horse, of wood or other material, -mounted on rockers for children: a hobby-horse; ROCK'ING-PIER, a pier -fastened by a movable joint so as to allow it to rock slightly; -ROCK'ING-STONE, a logan, or large mass of rock so finely poised as to move -backward and forward with the slightest impulse; ROCK'ING-TREE, in weaving, -the axle from which the lay of a loom is suspended; ROCK'-SHAFT, in -steam-engines, a shaft that oscillates instead of revolving.--_adj._ -ROCK'Y, disposed to rock: tipsy. [A.S. _roccian_; cf. Dan. _rokke_, to -rock, Ger. _r[:u]cken_, to pull.] - -ROCKEL, rok'el, _n._ (prov.) a woman's cloak. - -ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ a firework which is projected through the air, used -for making signals in war, and for saving life at sea by conveying a line -over a stranded vessel.--_v.i._ to fly straight up rapidly when -flushed.--_ns._ ROCK'ET-CASE, a case for holding the materials of a rocket; -ROCK'ETER. [Old It. _rocchetto_; of Teut. origin. Cf. _Rock_, a distaff.] - -ROCKET, rok'et, _n._ any one of several ornamental Old World herbs of the -genus Hesperis, of the mustard family. [O. Fr. _roquette_--L. _eruca_, -cole-wort.] - -ROCOCO, r[=o]-k[=o]'k[=o], _n._ a debased style of architecture and -decoration in the 18th century, marked by endless multiplication of -ornamental details. [Fr., prob. from Fr. _rocaille_, rockwork.] - -ROCTA, rok'ta, _n._ a medieval musical instrument, resembling the violin. - -ROD, rod, _n._ a long twig: a slender stick: anything long and slender, as -a magic rod, a lightning-rod, a fishing-rod, &c.: an instrument of -correction: an emblem of power or authority: a pole or perch (5-1/2 yards, -or 16-1/2 feet)--the square rod, generally called rood, is employed in -estimating masonry-work, and contains 16-1/2 x 16-1/2, or 272-1/4 sq. feet: -(_fig._) punishment: authority: oppression: (_B._) race or tribe: one of -the layers of rods composing the retina of the eye: any bar connecting -parts of a machine.--_v.t._ to furnish with rods, esp. -lightning-rods.--_ns._ ROD'-FISH'ER; ROD'-FISH'ING, fly-fishing: angling; -ROD'-LINE, a fishing-line not wound on a reel; ROD'-MACHINE', in -wood-working, a machine for cutting cylindrical sticks such as -broom-handles; ROD'-RING, one of the rings along a fishing-rod through -which the line runs; ROD'STER, an angler.--NAPIER'S RODS (see NAPIERIAN). -[A.S. _r['o]d_; Dut. _roede_, Ger. _ruthe_; L. _rudis_.] - -RODDIN, rod'in, _n._ (_Scot._) rowan-tree. - -RODE, r[=o]d, _pa.t._ of ride. - -RODE, r[=o]d, _n._ (_Spens._) a raid, an incursion: also, a roadstead. -[_Road._] - -RODENT, r[=o]'dent, _adj._ gnawing: belonging to the _Rodentia_.--_n._ a -rodent mammal.--_n.pl._ RODEN'TIA, an order of mammals including squirrels, -beavers, rats, rabbits, &c. [L. _rod[)e]re_, to gnaw.] - -RODEO, r[=o]-d[=a]'[=o], _n._ a gathering of cattle to be branded. [Sp., -_rodar_, to go round--L. _rot[=a]re_, to wheel.] - -RODGE, roj, _n._ (prov.) the gray duck.--Also RADGE. - -RODOMEL, rod'[=o]-mel, _n._ the juice of roses mixed with honey. [Gr. -_rhodon_, rose, _meli_, honey.] - -RODOMONTADE, rod-[=o]-mon-t[=a]d', _n._ vain boasting, like that of -_Rodomonte_ in the _Orlando Furioso_ of Ariosto (earlier -ROD'OMONT).--_v.i._ to bluster or brag.--_ns._ RODOMONT[=A]'DIST, -RODOMONT[=A]'DO (_obs._). - -ROE, r[=o], _n._ the eggs or spawn of fishes: a mottled appearance in wood, -esp. mahogany.--_adj._ ROED, containing roe. [Ice. _hrogn_; Ger. _rogen_.] - -ROE, r[=o], _n._ a species of deer, smaller than the fallow-deer: also the -female of the hart.--_ns._ ROE'BUCK, the male of the roe, having usually -one front antler and two hinder ones; ROE'BUCK-BERR'Y, the stone-bramble; -ROE'-DEER, a roebuck or roe. [A.S. _r['a]h_; Ger. _reh_, Dut. _ree_.] - -ROE-STONE, r[=o]'-st[=o]n, _n._ the same as _Oolite_ (q.v.). - -ROG, rog, _v.t._ (_obs._) to shake. - -ROGATION, r[=o]-g[=a]'shun, _n._ an asking: supplication.--_n.pl._ -ROG[=A]'TION-DAYS, the three days before the festival of Ascension, the -Litany being anciently recited in procession then.--_ns._ -ROG[=A]'TION-FLOW'ER, the milk-wort; ROG[=A]'TION-SUN'DAY, that before -Ascension-day; ROG[=A]'TION-WEEK, the week in which the rogation-days -occur.--_adj._ ROG'ATORY. [L.,--_rog[=a]re_, to ask.] - -ROGER, roj'[.e]r, _n._ (prov.) ram: a rogue.--(SIR) ROGER-DE-COVERLEY, an -English country-dance. - -ROGGAN, rog'an, _n._ (_prov._) a rocking-stone. - -ROGGENSTEIN, rog'en-st[=i]n, _n._ a kind of oolite in which the grains are -cemented by argillaceous matter. [Ger., _roggen_, rye, _stein_, stone.] - -ROGGLE, rog'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to shake. - -ROGUE, r[=o]g, _n._ a dishonest person: a knave: a mischievous or -frolicsome person: a vagrant, a sturdy beggar: a wag: a playful person: a -plant that falls short of a standard.--_v.i._ to play the rogue.--_v.t._ to -cheat.--_ns._ ROGUE'-EL'EPHANT, one which lives solitarily, and is of -dangerous temper; ROGUE'-HOUSE, a lock-up; ROGUE'-MON'EY, an assessment -formerly levied in every county in Scotland for the expenses of catching -and prosecuting criminals; ROG'UERY, knavish tricks: fraud: -mischievousness: waggery; ROGUE'SHIP; ROGUE'S'-MARCH, music played when -drumming a soldier from a regiment, or driving any one away in -disgrace.--_adj._ ROG'UISH, knavish: mischievous: waggish.--_adv._ -ROG'UISHLY.--_n._ ROG'UISHNESS.--_adj._ R[=O]'GUY (_obs._).--ROGUES' -GALLERY, a collection of photographs of criminals kept at police -headquarters. [O. Fr. _rogue_, proud; either from Bret. _rok_, proud, or -acc. to Diez, from Ice. _hr['o]k-r_, proud.] - -ROHAN, r[=o]'han, _n._ an East Indian timber-tree--called also _Red-wood_ -and _East Indian mahogany_. - -ROIL, roil, _v.t._ to render turbid: to vex: to rile: to salt fish with a -machine called a ROIL'ER--also ROYLE.--_adj._ ROIL'Y, muddy. [O. Fr. -_roeler_, _roler_, to disturb, cog. with _roll_; or O. Fr. _roille_--L. -_robigo_, rust.] - -ROINISH, roi'nish, _adj._ (_Shak._) mangy, mean.--Also ROI'NOUS. [O. Fr. -_roigneux_--L. _robiginosus_, rusty--_robigo_, rust.] - -ROIST, roist, ROISTER, rois't[.e]r, _v.i._ to bluster, swagger, -bully.--_ns._ ROIS'TER (_arch._), ROIS'TERER.--_adj._ ROIS'TEROUS.--_p.adj. -_ ROIS'TING (_Shak._), blustering, bullying. [O. Fr. _rustre_, a rough, -rude fellow--O. Fr. _ruste_--L. _rusticus_, rustic.] - -ROITELET, roi'te-let, _n._ a petty king: (_ornith._) a kinglet or -gold-crest. - -ROKE, r[=o]k, _n._ (_prov_.) mist: smoke.--_adj._ R[=O]'KY, misty, foggy. - -ROKEAGE, r[=o]'k[=a]j, _n._ parched and sweetened Indian corn--also -R[=O]'KEE.--Also called _Pinole_. - -ROKELAY, rok'e-l[=a], _n._ Same as ROQUELAURE. - -ROKER, r[=o]k'[.e]r, _n._ the thornback ray. - -ROLAND, r[=o]'land, _n._ a chivalrous hero, from _Roland_ in the -Charlemagne legend, slain by the Gascons at Roncesvalles in 778.--A ROLAND -FOR AN OLIVER, a blow for a blow, anything done or said to match something -else. - -R[^O]LE, r[=o]l, _n._ the part performed by an actor in a play: any -important part played in public life. [Fr.] - -ROLE, r[=o]l, _n._ an ancient unit of quantity, seventy-two sheets of -parchment. - -ROLL, r[=o]l, _v.i._ to turn like a wheel: to turn on an axis: to be formed -into a roll or cylinder: to move, as waves: to be tossed about: to move -tumultuously: to be hurled: to rock, or move from side to side: to wallow: -to spread under a roller: to sound as a drum beaten rapidly: to move -onward.--_v.t._ to cause to roll: to turn on an axis: to wrap round on -itself: to enwrap: to drive forward: to move upon wheels: to press or -smooth with rollers: to beat rapidly, as a drum.--_n._ act of rolling: that -which rolls: a revolving cylinder making sheets, plates, &c.: a roller: -that which is rolled up--hence parchment, paper, &c. wound into a circular -form: a document: a register: a kind of fancy bread: the continued sound of -a drum, of thunder, &c.: a swagger or rolling gait.--_adj._ ROLL'-ABOUT', -podgy.--_ns._ ROLL'-CALL, the calling of the roll or list of names, as in -the army; ROLL'-C[=U]'M[=U]LUS, a form of strato-cumulus cloud; ROLL'ER, -that which rolls: a cylinder used for rolling, grinding, &c.: one of a -family of Picarian birds: a long, broad bandage: (_pl._) long heavy waves; -ROLL'ER-SKATE, a skate mounted on wheels or rollers for use on asphalt or -some other smooth surface.--_adj._ ROLL'ING, modulating: moving on wheels: -making a continuous sound.--_ns._ ROLL'ING-MILL, a place in which metal is -made into sheets, bars, rails, or rods, by working it between pairs of -rolls: a machine for rolling metal, &c., into any required form, or for -crushing materials between rollers; ROLL'ING-PIN, a cylindrical piece of -wood for rolling dough, paste, &c. to any required thickness; -ROLL'ING-PRESS, a press of two cylinders for rolling or calendering cloth; -ROLL'ING-STOCK, the stock or store of locomotive-engines, carriages, &c. of -a railway; ROLL'WAY, an incline: a shoot.--MASTER OF THE ROLLS, the head of -the Record-office. [O. Fr. _roler_, _roeler_ (Fr. _rouler_)--Low L. -_rotul[=a]re_--L. _rotula_, a little wheel--_rota_, a wheel.] - -ROLLICK, rol'lik, _v.i._ to move or act with a careless, swaggering, -frolicsome air:--_pr.p._ rol'licking; _pa.p._ rol'licked.--_adj._ -ROL'LICKING, careless, swaggering. [Prob. _roll_, with dim. suffix.] - -ROLLOCK. See _Rowlock_. - -ROLY-POLY, r[=o]l'i-p[=o]l'i, _n._ a pudding made of a sheet of paste, -covered with sweetmeats, and rolled up: a stout podgy person: an old game -in which balls are bowled into holes or thrown into hats placed on the -ground.--_adj._ round, podgy. - -ROM, rom, _n._ a gipsy. [Gipsy _rom_, man, husband.] - -ROMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _n._ (_Shak._) tumult. [_Rummage._] - -ROMAIC, ro-m[=a]'ik, _n._ modern Greek, the language of the descendants of -the Eastern Romans: Hellenic.--_adj._ pertaining to the foregoing.--_n._ -ROM[=A]'IKA, a modern Greek dance. [Fr. _Romaique_--modern Gr. -_Rh[=o]maikos_--_Rh[=o]m[=e]_, Rome.] - -ROMAL, r[=o]-mal', _n._ a braided thong of leather, serving as a horseman's -whip. [Sp. _ramal_--L. _ramale_--_ramus_, a branch.] - -ROMALEA, r[=o]-m[=a]'l[=e]-a, _n._ a genus of large-bodied, short-winged -locusts. [Gr. _rh[=o]m[=e]_, strength.] - -ROMAN, r[=o]'man, _adj._ pertaining to _Rome_ or to the Romans: pertaining -to the Roman Catholic religion, papal: (_print._) noting the letters -commonly used, as opposed to Italics: written in letters (as IV.), not in -figures (as 4).--_n._ a native or citizen of Rome: a Romanist in religion: -a Roman letter or type.--_adj._ ROMAN'IC, pertaining to Rome or its -people.--_n._ ROMANIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ R[=O]'MAN[=I]SE, to convert to the -Roman Catholic religion: to Latinise: to represent by Roman letters or -types.--_v.i._ to conform to Roman Catholic opinions or practices: to print -in Roman letters.--_n._ ROMAN[=I]'SER.--_adj._ R[=O]'MANISH, pertaining to -Romanism.--_ns._ R[=O]'MANISM, the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church; -R[=O]'MANIST, a Roman Catholic.--_adj._ ROMAN CATHOLIC.--_adj._ -R[=O]'MANO-BYZAN'TINE, pertaining to an early medieval style of -architecture in which Byzantine and Western elements are combined.--_ns._ -ROME'-PENN'Y, -SCOT, Peter's pence.--_adv._ ROME'WARD, toward the Roman -Catholic Church.--_adj._ R[=O]'MISH, belonging to Rome, or to the Roman -Catholic Church.--_n._ R[=O]'MIST.--ROMAN ARCHITECTURE, a style -characterised by the size and boldness of its round arches and vaults, -&c.--baths, aqueducts, basilicas, amphitheatres, &c.; ROMAN CANDLE, a -firework discharging a succession of white or coloured stars; ROMAN -CATHOLIC, denoting those who recognise the spiritual supremacy of the Pope -or Bishop of Rome--as a noun, a member of the Roman Catholic Church; ROMAN -CATHOLICISM, the doctrines and polity of the Roman Catholic Church -collectively; ROMAN CEMENT, a cement which hardens under water; ROMAN -COLLAR, a collar made of lawn or fine linen, bound and stitched, worn by -priests over a black collar, by bishops over a purple, and cardinals over a -scarlet; ROMAN EMPIRE, the ancient empire of Rome, divided in the 4th -century into the Eastern and Western Empires; ROMAN LAW, the civil -law.--HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (see HOLY). [L. _Romanus_--_Roma_, Rome.] - -ROMANCE, r[=o]-mans', _n._ a general name for those modern languages in -southern Europe which sprang from a corruption of the Roman or Latin -language--Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provencal, French, Roumanian, -Romansch, &c.: a tale written in one of these dialects: any fictitious and -wonderful tale: a fictitious narrative in prose or verse which passes -beyond the limits of real life: a ballad.--_adj._ belonging to the dialects -called Romance.--_v.i._ to write or tell romances: to talk extravagantly: -to build castles in the air.--_ns._ ROMAN'CER, ROMAN'CIST.--_adjs._ -ROMAN'CICAL (_Lamb_), dealing with romance; ROMAN'IC, Romance: derived from -the Roman alphabet. [O. Fr. _romans_--Low L. adv. (_loqui_) _romanice_, (to -speak) in the Roman or Latin tongue--L. _Romanicus_, Roman.] - -ROMANESQUE, r[=o]-man-esk', _n._ that which pertains to romance: -(_archit._) the style of round-arched and vaulted architecture which -succeeded Roman architecture, from about the time of Constantine (c. 350 -A.D.) till it was gradually superseded by Gothic in the 12th century: the -dialect of Languedoc. [Fr.,--Sp. _Romanesco_--L. _Romanicus_.] - -ROMANSCH, r[=o]-mansh', _n._ the language spoken from the Grisons to Friuli -on the Adriatic.--Also RHAE'TO-ROMAN'IC. - -ROMANT, r[=o]-mant', _v.i._ to romance: to exaggerate.--_n._ a -romance--generally R[=O]MAUNT'. - -ROMANTIC, r[=o]-man'tik, _adj._ pertaining to or resembling romance: -fictitious: extravagant, wild: fantastic: sentimental: imaginative.--_adv._ -ROMAN'TICALLY.--_ns._ ROMAN'TICISM, the revolt from the severity, -pedanticism, and commonplaceness of a classical or pseudo-classical to a -more picturesque, original, free and imaginative style in literature and -art, marking the close of the 18th century: romantic feeling; ROMAN'TICIST; -ROMAN'TICNESS. - -ROMANY, ROMMANY, rom'a-ni, _n._ a gipsy: the language of the -gipsies.--_adj._ belonging to the gipsies.--ROMANY RYE, a gentleman who -affects the society of gipsies. [Gipsy, _rom_, man.] - -ROMERO, r[=o]-m[=a]'r[=o], _n._ the pilot-fish. - -ROMIC, r[=o]'mik, _n._ a phonetic notation devised by Henry Sweet, based -upon the original _Roman_ values of the letters, supplemented by turned and -ligatured letters and diagraphs--in part a recasting of Ellis's Glossic. - -ROMP, romp, _v.i._ to play noisily: to skip about in play.--_n._ a girl who -romps: rude frolic.--_adv._ ROMP'INGLY, in a romping manner: boisterously: -rudely.--_adj._ ROMP'ISH, fond of romping or noisy play.--_adv._ -ROMP'ISHLY.--_n._ ROMP'ISHNESS. [Ramp.] - -ROMPU, rom-p[=u]', _adj._ (_her._) fracted. [Fr.] - -RONCADOR, rong'ka-d[=o]r, _n._ one of several sciaenoid fishes of the -Pacific coast. [Sp.,--L. _rhonchus_, a snoring.] - -RONCHIL. See RONQUIL. - -RONDACHE, ron-dash', _n._ a buckler. [O. Fr. _rond_.] - -RONDE, rond, _n._ (_print._) an angular writing-type. - -RONDEAU, ron'd[=o], _n._ a form of poem characterised by closely-knit -rhymes and a refrain, and, as defined in the 17th century, consisting of -thirteen lines, divided into three unequal strophes--the two or three first -words of the first line serving as the burden, recurring after the eighth -and thirteenth lines--brought into vogue by Swinburne: (_mus._) a -rondo.--_ns._ RON'DEL, a form of French verse, earlier than the rondeau, -consisting of thirteen octosyllabic or decasyllabic lines on two -rhymes--practised by Charles of Orleans, &c.; RON'DELET, a poem of five -lines and two refrains; RON'DO, a musical composition of several strains, -during which the first part or subject is repeated several times--often -occurring as one of the movements of a sonata: the musical setting of a -rondeau: a game of hazard played with small balls; RONDOLET'TO, a simple -rondo. [Fr., from _rond_, round.] - -RONDELLE, ron-del', _n._ anything round: one of the successive crusts -formed on molten metal when cooling, a rosette.--_n._ ROND'LE, a round, -step of a ladder (same as RONDELLE). [O. Fr., dim. of _rond_, round.] - -RONDURE, ron'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._) a round, a circle, the globe. [Fr. -_rondeur_--_rond_, round.] - -RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a shrub, a thicket. - -RONE, r[=o]n, _n._ the gutter which collects the rain from the roof--a -dial. form of _rine_. - -RONG, rong (_Spens._), _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ring. - -RONGEUR, rong-zh[.e]r, _n._ a forceps for gouging bones. - -RONIN, r[=o]'nin, _n._ a discharged Japanese samurai, an outcast or outlaw. -[Jap., lit. 'wave-man.'] - -RONION, RONYON, run'yun, _n._ a mangy, scabby animal or person. [Fr. -_rogneux_--_rogne_, mange.] - -RONQUIL, rong'kil, _n._ a fish of the North Pacific.--Also RON'CHIL. [Sp. -_ronquillo_--_ronco_--L. _raucus_, hoarse.] - -RONT, ront. Same as _Runt_ (q.v.). - -R[:O]NTGEN RAYS. See X-RAYS. - -ROOD, r[=oo]d, _n._ the fourth part of an acre, or forty perches--from the -rod used in measuring: a figure of Christ's cross, and often of the -crucifix, esp. that placed at the entrance to the choir in medieval -churches.--_ns._ ROOD'-BEAM (_archit._), a beam across the chancel of a -church for supporting the rood; ROOD'-LOFT, a gallery over the rood-screen; -ROODMAS-DAY, Holy-rood-day; ROOD'-SCREEN, an ornamental partition -separating the choir from the nave; ROOD'-STEEP'LE, a spire built over the -entrance to the chancel; ROOD'-TREE, the cross; H[=O]'LY-ROOD, a crucifix. -[Same as _rod_. A.S. _r['o]d_.] - -ROODEBOK, r[=oo]d'e-bok, _n._ the bush-buck. [Dut. _rood_, red, _bok_, -buck.] - -ROOF, r[=oo]f, _n._ the top covering of a house or building: a vault or -arch, or the inner side of it: a house or dwelling: the upper part of the -palate: the loftiest part, the roof and crown of things: the top of a -subterraneous excavation: (_geol._) the overlying stratum.--_v.t._ to cover -with a roof: to shelter.--_ns._ ROOF'ER, one who roofs; ROOF'ING, covering -with a roof: materials for a roof: the roof itself: shelter.--_adj._ -ROOF'LESS, without a roof: having no house or home: unsheltered.--_ns._ -ROOF'LET, a small roof or covering; ROOF'-PLATE, a wall-plate which -receives the lower ends of the rafters of a roof.--_adj._ ROOF'-SHAPED, -shaped like a gable roof.--_ns._ ROOF'-ST[=A]'GING, a scaffold used in -working on an inclined roof; ROOF'-TREE, the beam at the peak of a roof: -the roof.--_adj._ ROOF'Y, having a roof or roofs.--FRENCH ROOF, a form of -roof with almost vertical sides; GOTHIC ROOF, a very high-pitched roof; -MANSARD ROOF (see MANSARD); SQUARE ROOF, one in which the chief rafters -meet at a right angle. [A.S. _hr['o]f_; Dut. _roef_.] - -ROOK, rook, _n._ a species of crow--from its croak: the ruddy duck: a -cheat: a simpleton.--_v.i._ to cheat.--_ns._ ROOK'ER, a swindler; ROOK'ERY, -a group of trees on which rooks build: a cluster of mean tenements: a -resort of thieves: a disturbance.--_adj._ ROOK'Y (_Shak._), inhabited by -rooks. [A.S. _hr['o]c_; Goth. _hrukjan_, to croak.] - -ROOK, rook, _n._ a castle or piece used in playing chess. [O. Fr. -_roc_--Pers. _rokh_.] - -ROOKLE, r[=oo]k'l, _v.i._ to poke about like a pig. [_Rootle._] - -ROOL, r[=oo]l, _v.t._ to raggle, to ruffle. - -ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ space: a chamber: extent of place: space unoccupied: -freedom to act: fit occasion: place of another: stead: (_B._) a seat: a -particular place: a box in a theatre: office: the inner room of a cottage: -a garret.--_v.i._ to occupy a room, to lodge.--_adv._ (_naut._) off from -the wind.--_n._ ROOM'AGE, capacity.--_adj._ ROOMED, containing -rooms.--_ns._ ROOM'ER, a lodger; ROOM'FUL, as much or as many as a room -will hold.--_adv._ ROOM'ILY.--_n._ ROOM'INESS.--_adsj._ ROOM'-RID'DEN, -confined to one's room; ROOM'SOME, roomy.--_adv._ ROOM'Y, having ample -room: wide: spacious.--GIVE ROOM, to withdraw so as to leave space for -others; MAKE ROOM, to open a way. [A.S. _r['u]m_; Ger. _raum_, Dut. -_ruim_.] - -ROOM, r[=oo]m, _n._ a deep-blue dye.--Also ROUM. - -ROON, r[=oo]n, _n._ (_Scot._) a rim or border. - -ROOP, r[=oo]p, _v.i._ (_obs._) to roar.--_n._ hoarseness.--_adsj._ ROOP'IT, -ROOP'Y (_Scot._), hoarse. [A.S. _hr['o]pan_, pa.t. _hre['o]p_; cf. Ger. -_rufen_, to cry out.] - -ROOSE, r[=oo]z, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to praise highly. [M. E. _rosen_--Scand., -Ice. _hr['o]sa_, to praise.] - -ROOST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a pole or support on which a bird rests at night: a -number of fowls resting together: (_Scot._) the inner roof of a -cottage.--_v.i._ to sit or sleep on a roost.--_n._ ROOST'ER, the male of -the domestic fowl, cock: any bird that roosts.--AT ROOST, roosting, asleep. -[A.S. _hr['o]st_; Dut. _roest_.] - -ROOT, r[=oo]t, _n._ the part of a plant which is fixed in the earth, and -which draws up sap from the soil: an edible root: anything like a root, a -growing plant together with its root: the bottom: a word from which others -are derived: the cause, occasion, or basis of anything: the source: the -lowest place: the first ancestor, or progenitor: (_math._) the factor of a -quantity which multiplied by itself produces that quantity: any value of -the unknown quantity in an equation which will render both sides of it -identical.--_v.i._ to fix the root: to be firmly established: to tear up: -to eradicate: to exterminate.--_v.t._ to plant in the earth: to implant -deeply.--_ns._ ROOT'AGE, the act of striking roots; ROOT'-BEER, a drink -made from roots of dandelion, sassafras, &c.; ROOT'-B[=O]R'ER, an insect -which bores the roots of plants.--_adj._ ROOT'-BOUND (_Milt._), fixed in -the earth by, or as by, the root.--_ns._ ROOT'-CAP, a cap-like layer of -cells at the tip of roots; ROOT'-CROP, a crop of esculent roots, esp. of -single-rooted plants, as turnips, &c.; ROOT'-DIG'GER, a form of tongs for -raising carrots, &c.; ROOT'-EAT'ER, any animal feeding habitually on -roots.--_adj._ ROOT'ED, firmly planted: fixed by the roots: deep-seated, as -a rooted dislike.--_adv._ ROOT'EDLY.--_ns._ ROOT'EDNESS; ROOT'ER.--_adj._ -ROOT'-FAST, firmly rooted.--_ns._ ROOT'-F[=I]'BRIL, one of the fine -divisions of a root; ROOT'-FORM, a form assumed by an insect when feeding -on roots; ROOT'-GRAFT'ING, the process of grafting scions on a part of the -root of some appropriate stock; ROOT'-HAIR, a delicate filament developed -from a single cell.--_adj._ ROOT'-HEAD'ED, fixed as if rooted by the -head.--_ns._ ROOT'-HOUSE, a rustic-house: a storehouse for potatoes, &c.; -ROOT'-KNOT, an abnormal knot of a root.--_adj._ ROOT'LESS, destitute of -roots.--_ns._ ROOT'LET, a little root: a radicle; ROOT'-LOUSE, one of the -plant-lice; ROOT'-PAR'ASITE, a plant which grows upon, and derives its -nourishment from, the root of another plant; ROOT'-PRES'SURE, an upward -flow of sap, 'bleeding;' ROOT'-PULP'ER, a mill for grinding roots; -ROOT'-SHEATH, the sheath of the root of a hair or feather; ROOT'-STOCK -(_bot._), a prostrate rooting stem, either fleshy or woody, which yearly -produces young branches or plants: origin.--_adj._ ROOT'Y, abounding in -roots: rank.--ROOT AND BRANCH, completely; ROOT OF BITTERNESS, a dangerous -error drawing away to apostasy; ROOT OF THE MATTER, that which is -essential.--STRIKE, or TAKE, ROOT, to root, to become fixed. [Scand.; Ice. -_r['o]t_; Dan. _rod_; Goth. _waurts_, A.S. _wyrt_.] - -ROOT, r[=oo]t, _v.t._ to turn up with the snout.--_v.i_. to turn up the -earth with the snout.--_n._ ROOT'ER.--_v.t._ ROOT'LE. [A.S. -_wr['o]tan_--_wr['o]t_, a snout.] - -ROPALIC=_Rhopalic_ (q.v.). - -ROPE, showing method of construction. - -[Illustration] - -ROPE, r[=o]p, _n._ a thick twisted cord: a string consisting of a number of -things united, as a rope of pearls: anything glutinous and stringy: a local -lineal measure, 20 feet.--_v.i._ to fasten with a rope, to restrain: to -catch with a noosed rope: to tether: to enclose: to extend into a thread, -as by a glutinous quality.--_ns._ ROPE'-CLAMP, a pair of clamping jaws for -securing the end of a cord; ROPE'-DANC'ER, one who performs acrobatic feats -on a rope: a rope-walker; ROPE'-DRILL'ING, a method of boring holes in -which a rope is used; ROPE'-HOUSE, an evaporating-house in salt -manufacture; ROPE'-LADD'ER, a ladder made of ropes; ROPE'-MACHINE', a -machine for making ropes from yarn; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ER, R[=O]'PER, a maker of -ropes; ROPE'-M[=A]K'ING; ROPE'-POR'TER, a pulley to save the ropes of -steam-ploughs from friction; ROPE'-PULL'ING, the sport of pulling at a -rope, each party endeavouring to draw the other over a line; ROPE'-PUMP, a -machine for raising water by an endless rope; R[=O]'PER, a crafty fellow: -one who throws the lasso; ROPE'-RAIL'WAY, a cable-railway.--_adj._ -ROPE'-RIPE, deserving to be hanged.--_ns._ ROPE'-RUN'NER, a railway -brakesman; R[=O]'PERY, a place where ropes are made; ROPE'-SPIN'NER, one -who spins ropes by a revolving wheel; ROPE'-STITCH, a kind of work in which -the stitches are laid diagonally side by side; ROPE'-TRICK, a juggling -trick in which a man is firmly tied with ropes from which he extricates -himself: (_Shak._) a trick deserving the gallows; ROPE'-WALK, a long narrow -shed used for the spinning of ropes; ROPE'-WINCH, a set of three whirlers -for twisting simultaneously the three yarns of a rope; ROPE'-YARN, a yarn -of many fibres for ropes.--_adv._ R[=O]'PILY.--_n._ R[=O]'PINESS, -stringiness: viscosity.--_adjs._ R[=O]'PING, R[=O]'PISH, R[=O]'PY, stringy, -glutinous.--ROPE IN, to gather in, to enlist; ROPE OF SAND, a tie easily -broken; ROPE'S END, an instrument of punishment.--BE AT THE END OF ONE'S -ROPE, to have exhausted one's powers or resources; GIVE A PERSON ROPE, to -allow a person full scope; ON THE HIGH ROPE, elated, arrogant. [A.S. -_r['a]p_; Ice. _reip_, Dut. _reep_, Ger. _reif_.] - -ROQUELAURE, rok'e-l[=o]r, _n._ a short cloak worn in the 18th century. -[Fr.] - -ROQUET, r[=o]-k[=a]', _n._ in the game of croquet, a stroke by which a -player strikes another's ball.--_v.t._ to make this shot. [Prob. formed -from _croquet_.] - -RORIC, r[=o]'rik, _adj._ pertaining to dew: dewy--(_obs._) R[=O]'RAL.--_n._ -RORID'ULA, a genus of polypetalous plants of the Sundew family.--_adjs._ -RORIF'EROUS, producing dew; RORIF'LUENT, flowing with dew; R[=O]'RULENT, -full of dew: covered with bloom which may be rubbed off. [L. _ros_, -_roris_, dew.] - -RORQUAL, ror'kwal, _n._ a genus of whales of the largest size. [Sw. -_r[:o]rhval_--_r[:o]r_, round, _hval_, whale.] - -ROSACEOUS, r[=o]-z[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) pertaining to the rose family: -with the petals arranged like the rose.--_ns._ ROS[=A]'RIAN, a -rose-fancier; ROS[=A]'RIUM, a rose-garden; R[=O]'SA-S[=O]'LIS, a cordial -made with spirits and various flavourings.--_adj._ R[=O]'S[=A]TED, crowned -with roses. [L. _rosaceous_--_rosa_, a rose.] - -ROSALIA, r[=o]-z[=a]'li-a, _n._ a form of melody in which a phrase is -repeated, each time being transposed a step forward. [It.] - -ROSANILINE, r[=o]-zan'i-lin, _n._ a derivative of aniline: magenta: -roseine. - -ROSARY, r[=o]'za-ri, _n._ the string of beads by which Roman Catholics -count their prayers: a series of devotions, aves, paternosters, and -glorias: a rose-garden: a chaplet: an anthology.--FESTIVAL OF THE ROSARY, a -festival on the first Sunday in October, commemorating the victory over the -Turks at Lepanto in 1571. [O. Fr. _rosarie_--Low L. _rosarium_--L. _rosa_, -a rose.] - -ROSCID, ros'id, _adj._ dewy. [L.,--_ros_, _roris_, dew.] - -ROSE, _pa.t._ of _rise_. - -ROSE, r[=o]z, _n._ any shrub of the genus _Rosa_, having stems generally -prickly, flowers terminal, often corymbose, in colour white, yellow, pink, -or red: a flower of one of these shrubs: any one of various plants -resembling the true rose: a rosette: a perforated nozzle of a pipe, &c.: -light crimson, the colour of the rose: an ornamental tie: erysipelas: -(_her._) a conventional representation of the flower.--_v.t._ to -flush.--_n._ ROSE'-AC[=A]'CIA, the moss-locust, a tree with deep -rose-coloured flowers.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SEAL, like a rose in smell or colour; -R[=O]'SE[=A]TE, rosy: full of roses: blooming: red.--_ns._ ROSE'-BEE'TLE, --BUG, a coleopterous insect about an inch long, which is destructive to -flowers, esp. roses: the rose-chafer; ROSE'-BERR'Y, the fruit of the rose: -a hip; ROSE'-BIT, a cylindrical bit, the oblique surface of which is cut -into teeth.--_adj._ ROSE'-BREAST'ED, having rose-colour on the -breast.--_ns._ ROSE'-BUD, the bud of the rose: a young girl; ROSE'-BURN'ER, -ROSETTE'-BURN'ER, a gas-burner in which the gas issues from a series of -openings arranged radially round a centre; ROSE'-BUSH, the shrub which -bears roses; ROSE'-CAM'PHOR, one of the two volatile oils composing -attar-of-roses; ROSE'-CAM'PION, a red flower, _Lychnis coronaria_; -ROSE'-CARN[=A]'TION, a carnation striped with rose-colour; -ROSE'-CH[=A]F'ER, an injurious beetle whose grubs destroy the roots of -strawberries, &c.; ROSE'-COL'OUR, the colour of a rose, pink: fancied -beauty or attractiveness.--_adj._ ROSE'-COL'OURED, having the colour of a -rose.--_n._ ROSE'-CROSS, a cross within a circle: a Rosicrucian.--_adj._ -ROSE'-CUT, cut with a smooth, round surface, as a precious stone, and not -in facets.--_p.adj._ ROSED (_Shak._), crimsoned, flushed.--_ns._ -ROSE'-D[=I]'AMOND, a diamond nearly hemispherical, cut into twenty-four -triangular facets; ROSE'-DROP, a rose-flavoured orange: a pimply eruption -on the nose caused by tippling; ROSE'-EN'GINE, a form of lathe combining -the rotary motion of the mandrel with a radial movement of the tool-rest; -ROSE'-FES'TIVAL, a festival celebrated on 8th June, at Salency in France; -ROSE'-FLY'CATCHER, an American fly-catching warbler; ROSE'-GALL, a gall -produced on roses by an insect; ROSE'-GER[=A]'NIUM, a house-plant with -rose-scented leaves; ROSE'-HAW, the fruit of the wild-rose: a -ROSE'-HIP.--_adj._ ROSE'-HUED, rose-coloured.--_n._ ROSE'-KNOT, a rosette -of ribbon or other soft material.--_adj._ ROSE'-LIPPED, having red -lips.--_ns._ ROSE'-MALL'OW, a plant of the same genus, but larger, and -having a finer flower than the common mallow, the hollyhock; -ROSE'-MOULD'ING (_archit._), a moulding ornamented with roses; -ROSE'-N[=O]'BLE, an ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a -rose, and current at the value of 6s. 8d. (see NOBLE, a coin).--_adj._ -ROSE'-PINK, having a pink or rose colour: sentimental.--_n._ a crimson-pink -colour.--_ns._ ROSE'-QUARTZ, a transparent quartz; ROSE'-RASH (see -ROSEOLA).--_adjs._ ROSE'-RED, red as a rose; ROSE'-RINGED, with a collar of -red feathers, as a parrot.--_ns._ ROSE'-ROOT, a succulent herb, having a -rose-scented root; R[=O]'SERY, a place where roses are cultivated; -ROSE'-SAW'FLY, a sawfly which attacks the rose; ROSE'-TAN'AGER, the summer -red-bird; ROSE'-T[=O]'PAZ, an artificial colour of the true topaz produced -by heat; ROSE'-TREE, a standard rose; ROSE'-VIN'EGAR, an infusion made by -steeping roses in vinegar; ROSE'-WA'TER, water distilled from -rose-leaves.--_adj._ sentimental, as 'rose-water philosophy.'--_ns._ -ROSE'-WIN'DOW, a circular window with its compartments branching from a -centre, like a rose; ROSE'WOOD, the wood of a Brazilian tree having a -fragrance like that of roses; ROSE'WOOD-OIL, oil obtained from rosewood; -ROSE'-WORM, the larva of a moth which feeds on the leaves of the rose, &c.; -ROSE'-YARD, a rose-garden.--_adj._ R[=O]'SIED, decorated with roses or the -colour of roses.--_n._ R[=O]'SIER (_Spens._), a rose tree or bush.--_adv._ -R[=O]'SILY.--_n._ R[=O]'SINESS.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY, like a rose: red: -blooming: blushing: charming; R[=O]'SY-BOS'OMED, -COL'OURED; -R[=O]'SY-BRIGHT, bright like a rose: blooming.--_n._ R[=O]'SY-DROP, _acne -rosacea_: a grog-blossom.--_adjs._ R[=O]'SY-FING'ERED, Homer's favourite -epithet of the dawn: with rosy fingers; R[=O]'SY-KIN'DLED, blushing with a -rosy colour; R[=O]'SY-MAR'BLED, marbled with rosy colour.--_ns._ -R[=O]'SY-MARSH, -RUS'TIC, -WAVE, names of moths.--_adj._ R[=O]'SY-TINT'ED, -tinted of a rose-colour.--UNDER THE ROSE (L., _sub ros[^a]_), under the -pledge of secrecy, the rose being, among the ancients, the symbol of -secrecy; WARS OF THE ROSES, a disastrous dynastic struggle between the -Houses of Lancaster and York, which desolated England during the 15th -century, from the first battle of St Albans (1455) to that of Bosworth -(1485). [A.S. _r['o]se_--L. _rosa_, Gr. _rhodon_.] - -ROSELET, roz'let, _n._ the summer fur of the ermine. - -ROSELITE, r[=o]'ze-l[=i]t, _n._ a mineral occurring in small red crystals, -being a native arseniate of cobalt. [Ger. _roselith_, from the mineralogist -Gustav _Rose_ (1798-1873), Gr. _lithos_, a stone.] - -ROSELLA, r[=o]-zel'a, _n._ the Australian rose-parrakeet. - -ROSELLE, r[=o]-zel', _n._ an East Indian rose-mallow. - -ROSEMARY, r[=o]z'm[=a]-ri, _n._ a small fragrant evergreen shrub of a -pungent taste, growing in the countries round the Mediterranean--an ancient -emblem of fidelity. [O. Fr. _rosmarin_--L. _ros-marinus_--_ros_, dew, -_marinus_--_mare_, the sea.] - -ROSEOLA, r[=o]-z[=e]'[=o]-la, _n._ a rash of rose-coloured patches. - -ROSET, r[=o]'zet, _n._ a red colour used by painters. - -ROSET, ros'et, _n._ (_Scot._) rosin. - -ROSETTA-STONE, r[=o]-zet'a-st[=o]n, _n._ a slab of black basalt found at -_Rosetta_ in Egypt in 1799, having inscribed upon it, in hieroglyphics, -demotic or enchorial, and Greek, a decree in honour of Ptolemy V.--the -first clue to the decipherment of hieroglyphics. - -ROSETTA-WOOD, r[=o]-zet'a-w[=oo]d, _n._ a handsome orange-wood used in -cabinet-making. - -ROSETTE, r[=o]-zet', _n._ an imitation of a rose by means of a ribbon: a -form of knot: (_archit._) a rose-shaped ornament: a disc formed by throwing -water on melted metal.--_adj._ ROSET'TED.--RED ROSETTE, or button, the -rosette worn by officers of the Legion of Honour. [Fr., dim. of _rose_.] - -ROSICRUCIAN, roz-i-kr[=oo]'shi-an, _n._ one of a secret society of the 17th -century, the members of which made great pretensions to an acquaintance -with the secrets of Nature, the transmutation of metals, power over -elemental spirits, magical signatures, &c.--_n._ ROSICRU'CIANISM. [Prob. -Latinised from Christian _Rosenkreuz_ ('rose cross,' L. _rosa_, rose, -_crux_, cross), the alleged founder in 1459; or from L. _roscidus_, -dewy--_ros_, dew, _crux_, _crucis_, a cross.] - -ROSIN, roz'in, _n._ the solid left after distilling off the oil from crude -turpentine.--_v.t._ to rub or cover with rosin.--_adj._ ROS'INED.--_ns._ -ROS'IN-OIL, an oil from pine resin for lubricating machinery; ROS'IN-WOOD, -any plant of the genus _Silphium_.--_adj._ ROS'INY, like or containing -rosin. [_Resin._] - -ROSING, r[=o]'zing, _n._ the operation of imparting a pink tint to raw -white silk. - -ROSLAND, ros'land, _n._ (_prov._) moorish land.--_n._ ROSS, a swamp. - -ROSMARINE, roz'ma-r[=e]n, _n._ (_Spens._) a sea-monster supposed to lick -dew off the rocks: rosemary: the walrus. [_Rosemary._] - -ROSMARUS, ros'ma-rus, _n._ the genus containing the walruses. - -ROSMINIANISM, ros-min'i-an-izm, _n._ the philosophical system of Antonio -_Rosmini_-Serbati (1797-1855), founder of the Institute of the Brethren of -Charity--its fundamental conception, _being_ considered as the form of the -intelligence.--_n._ ROSMIN'IAN, a member of the foregoing. - -ROSOLIO, ROSOGLIO, r[=o]-z[=o]'li-[=o], _n._ a red wine of Malta: a sweet -cordial from raisins. [Fr.,--It.,--L. _ros solis_, dew of the sun.] - -ROSS, ros, _n._ the scaly matter on the surface of trees: (_Scot._) the -refuse of plants.--_v.t._ to strip the bark from.--_n._ ROSS'ING-MACHINE', -a machine for removing the bark of a tree. [Norw. _ros_, scale.] - -ROSSIGNOL, ros'i-nyol, _n._ the nightingale. [Fr.] - -ROSTELLARIA, ros-te-l[=a]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of marine univalves.--_adj._ -and _n._ ROSTELL[=A]'RIAN.--_adjs._ ROS'TELLATE; ROSTEL'LIFORM.--_n._ -ROSTEL'LUM, any small beak-shaped process, as in the stigma of many -violets: the forepart of the head of tapeworms--also ROS'TEL. [L. -_rostellum_, a little beak.] - -ROSTER, ros't[.e]r, _n._ the list of individuals, or corps, kept by the -various staff officers of the army to ensure the allotment of duties in -proper rotation: (_coll._) any roll of names. [Dut. _rooster_--L. -_register_, a list.] - -ROSTRUM, ros'trum, _n._ in ancient Rome, an erection for public speakers in -the Forum, adorned with the beaks or heads of ships taken in war: the -platform from which a speaker addresses his audience: the snout of an -animal, or the beak of a bird: the beak of a ship, an ancient form of -ram:--_pl._ ROS'TRUMS, ROS'TRA.--_adjs._ ROS'TRAL, like a rostrum or beak; -ROS'TR[=A]TE, -D, beaked.--_n.pl._ ROSTRIF'ERA, a suborder of gasteropods, -with contractile rostrum or snout.--_adjs._ ROSTRIF'EROUS, having a -rostrum; ROS'TRIFORM, shaped like a rostrum; ROS'TRO-ANTEN'NARY, pertaining -to the rostrum and antennae of a crustacean; ROS'TROID, resembling a -rostrum; ROSTROLAT'ERAL, situated alongside the rostrum.--_n._ ROS'TRULUM, -the mouth part of a flea. [L. _rostrum_, the beak--_rod[)e]re_, _rosum_, to -gnaw.] - -ROSULA, roz'[=u]-la, _n._ a small rose: a genus of Echinoderms.--_adjs._ -ROS'[=U]LAR, ROS'[=U]LATE, having the leaves in rose-like clusters. - -ROT, rot, _v.i._ to putrefy: to become decomposed: to become morally -corrupt: to become affected with sheep-rot.--_v.t._ to cause to rot: to -bring to corruption:--_pr.p._ rot'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rot'ted.--_n._ -decay: putrefaction: a special disease of the sheep, as of the potato: a -decay (called _dry-rot_) which attacks timber: (_slang_) rant, bosh.--_ns._ -ROT'-GRASS, the soft grass: the butterwort: the penny-rot; ROT'GUT, bad -liquor; ROT'-STEEP, the process of steeping cottons to remove impurities. -[A.S. _rotian_, pa.p. _rotod_; cf. Ice. _rotinn_, putrid.] - -ROTA, r[=o]'ta, _n._ a wheel: a course: a school or military roll: an -ecclesiastical tribunal in the R.C. Church, consisting of twelve prelates -called auditors, having its seat at the papal court.--_adj._ -R[=O]'TAL.--_n.pl._ ROT[=A]'LIA, the typical genus of _Rotaliidae_, small -foraminifers of rotate figure.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'LIAN; ROTAL'IFORM; -R[=O]'TALINE.--_n._ R[=O]'TALITE, a fossil rotalian.--_adj._ R[=O]'TARY, -turning round like a wheel: rotatory: held in rotation.--_v.t._ -R[=O]'T[=A]TE, to turn anything round like a wheel: to cause to turn or to -pass in rotation.--_v.i._ to turn round like a wheel: to go round in -succession.--_adj._ wheel-shaped.--_ns._ ROT[=A]'TING-RING, a band of -brass, &c., placed round a projectile to give it rotation; ROT[=A]'TION, a -turning round like a wheel: series or appropriate succession, as of crops: -recurrent order.--_adjs._ ROT[=A]'TIONAL, R[=O]'T[=A]TIVE.--_adv._ -R[=O]'T[=A]TIVELY.--_n._ ROT[=A]'TOR, any rotational agency: a muscle -producing rotatory motion.--_n.pl._ ROTAT[=O]'RIA, the -wheel-animalcules--also ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTAT[=O]'RIAL, ROTAT[=O]'RIAN; -R[=O]'TATORY, turning round like a wheel: following in succession. [L. -_rota_, a wheel.] - -ROTCHE, roch, _n._ the little auk, or sea-dove.--Also ROTCH'IE. [Prob. Dut. -_rotje_, a petrel.] - -ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the mechanical repetition of words without knowledge of -the meaning: a row or rank.--_v.t._ (_Shak._) to learn by rote. [O. Fr. -_rote_, a track--Low L. _rupta_, a road--_rump[)e]re_, to break.] - -ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ a musical instrument with strings.--_n._ R[=O]'TOUR. [O. -Fr. _rote_, a fiddle (cf. Old High Ger. _hrot[=a]_), from Celt.; W. -_crwth_, Gael. _cruit_.] - -ROTE, r[=o]t, _n._ the sound of the surf. - -ROTELLA, r[=o]-tel'a, _n._ a disc, a round shield: a genus of gasteropods. -[Dim. of L. _rota_, a wheel.] - -ROTHER, roth'[.e]r, _adj._ (_Shak._) roaring, lowing, denoting cattle -generally, or horned or black cattle.--_n._ ROTH'ER-BEAST. [A.S. -_hr['y]ther_, an ox, a cow; cf. Ger. pl. _rinder_, horned cattle.] - -ROTHESAY HERALD, one of the six Scottish heralds. - -ROTIFER, r[=o]t'if-[.e]r, _n._ one of a class of minute aquatic animals, -popularly called wheel-animalcules, with an anterior equipment of cilia -whose movements suggest a rapidly rotating wheel:--_pl._ -ROTIF'ERA.--_adjs._ ROTIF'ERAL; ROTIF'EROUS; R[=O]'TIFORM, wheel-shaped: -(_bot._) having a short tube and spreading limb. [L. _rota_, a wheel, -_ferre_, to carry.] - -ROTL, rot'l, _n._ an Arabian pound of twelve ounces. - -ROTONDE, r[=o]-tond', _n._ a ruff worn during the beginning of the 17th -century: a cope. [Fr.] - -ROTOR, r[=o]'tor, _n._ a quantity having magnitude, direction, and -position. [_Rotator._] - -ROTTEN, rot'n, _adj._ putrefied: corrupt: decomposed: unsound: treacherous: -fetid: friable, as rottenstone.--_adv._ ROTT'ENLY, in a rotten manner: -defectively.--_ns._ ROTT'ENNESS; ROTT'ENSTONE, a soft and earthy stone -powdered to polish brass, &c.--_v.t._ to polish with rottenstone. [_Rot._] - -ROTTLERA, rot'ler-a, _n._ a genus of Indian euphorbiaceous plants now -included under _Mallotus_, yielding kamila (q.v.) dye. - -ROTTOLO, rot'[=o]-l[=o], _n._ a Levantine weight. [It.] - -ROTULA, rot'[=u]-la, _n._ the patella or knee-pan: one of the five radial -pieces in the dentary apparatus of the sea-urchin.--_adjs._ ROT'[=U]LAR; -ROT'[=U]LIFORM. - -ROTUND, r[=o]-tund', _adj._ round: spherical: convexly protuberant.--_ns._ -ROTUN'DA, ROTUN'DO, a round building, esp. with a dome, as the Pantheon at -Rome.--_adjs._ ROTUN'D[=A]TE, rounded off, specifically noting bodies -rounded off at the end; ROTUNDIF[=O]'LIOUS, having round leaves; -ROTUN'DIOUS, ROTUND[=O]'VATE (_bot._), egg-shaped.--_ns._ ROTUND'NESS, -ROTUN'DITY, globular form.--_adj._ ROTUND'-POINT'ED, bluntly pointed. [L. -_rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.] - -ROTURE, r[=o]-t[=u]r', _n._ in Canadian law, a grant made of feudal -property: plebeian rank in France.--_n._ ROTURIER (ro-t[:u]-ri-[=a]'), a -plebeian. [Fr.,--Low L. _ruptura_, ground broken by the plough--L. -_rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.] - -ROUBLE. Same as RUBLE. - -ROUCHED, rowcht, _adj._ wrinkled, puckered. [_Ruck_, a wrinkle.] - -ROUCOU, r[=oo]'k[=oo], _n._ a dye--arnotto. [Fr.,--Braz.] - -ROU['E], r[=oo]-[=a]', _n._ a fashionable profligate: a rake, -debauchee.--_n._ ROU'ERIE, debauchery. [A name given by Philippe, Duke of -Orl['e]ans, Regent of France 1715-23, to his dissolute companions--Fr. -_rou['e]_, one broken on the wheel--pa.p. of _rouer_--_roue_--L. _rota_, a -wheel.] - -ROUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ a wheel-like amulet of the ancient Gauls, -intended to symbolise the sun.--_n._ ROUELLE'-GUARD, a guard having the -shape of a disc, as on some old daggers. [Fr.] - -ROUEN-CROSS. See CROSS. - -ROUGE, r[=oo]zh, _n._ a powder used to give artificial colour to the cheeks -or lips.--_v.t._ to colour with rouge.--_v.i._ to use rouge: to -blush.--_ns._ ROUGE'-BERR'Y, a shrub of tropical America, whose berries -supply a cosmetic; ROUGE'-DISH, a saucer containing a thin layer of dry -rouge; ROUGE-ET-NOIR, a modern game of chance, played by the aid of packs -of cards on a table covered with green cloth--also _Trente-un_ and -_Trente-et-quarante_.--ROUGE CROIX, one of the four pursuivants of the -English College of Heralds; ROUGE DRAGON, one of the pursuivants of the -Heralds' College. [Fr. _rouge_ (It. _roggio_, _robbio_)--L. _rubeus_, red.] - -ROUGET, r[=oo]-zh[=a]', _n._ an infectious disease of swine. -[Fr.,--_rouge_, red.] - -ROUGH, ruf, _adj._ not smooth: uneven: uncut: unpolished: unfinished: -boisterous: tempestuous: violent: harsh: severe: rude: coarse: disordered -in appearance: hasty, as a rough guess: stale: astringent: in Greek -grammar, marking the stronger aspiration, equivalent to Eng. _h_.--_n._ -rough condition, crudeness: a piece inserted in a horse's shoe to keep him -from slipping: a bully, a ruffian, a rowdy.--_v.t._ to make rough: to -roughen a horse's shoes to keep him from slipping: to shape roughly: to -roughen.--_v.i._ to break the rules in boxing by too great violence.--_n._ -ROUGH'AGE, coarse material for bedding cattle, &c.--_adj._ ROUGH'-BILLED, -having a rough, horny excrescence on the beak.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-CAST, to -mould in a rough, unfinished way: to form anything in its first -rudiments.--_n._ a rude model: a form in its rudiments: a kind of -semi-fluid mortar containing fine gravel, thrown in a thin coating on outer -walls.--_vs.t._ ROUGH'-CULL, to cull oysters hastily; ROUGH'-DRAFT, -DRAW, -to trace roughly; ROUGH'-DRY, to dry without smoothing.--_adj._ dry without -having been smoothed.--_v.t._ ROUGH'EN, to make rough.--_v.i._ to become -rough.--_n._ ROUGH'ER, a workman who shapes something preparatory to a -finishing operation: a piece of woollen cloth in preparation for -fulling.--_adjs._ ROUGH'-FOOT'ED, having feathered feet, as a grouse; -ROUGH'-GRAINED, coarse-grained.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-GRIND, to grind -roughly.--_n._ ROUGH'-HEAD, the iguanoid lizard.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-HEW, to hew -coarsely: (_Shak._) to give to anything the first appearance of form.--_n._ -ROUGH'-HEW'ER.--_p.adj._ ROUGH'-HEWN, not yet nicely finished: unpolished: -unrefined.--_ns._ ROUGH'-HOUND, the dogfish: a kind of shark; ROUGH'IE -(_Scot._), dried heath; ROUGH'ING-MILL, a metal disc charged with wet -emery, &c., for grinding gems.--_adjs._ ROUGH'ISH, rather rough; -ROUGH'-LEGGED, having legs covered with feathers.--_adv._ ROUGH'LY, -coarsely: harshly: rudely.--_ns._ ROUGH'NESS, crudeness: rawness: -harshness: asperity: physical or mental rudeness: (_U.S._) fodder -consisting of dried corn-stalks: (_Scot._) plenty, esp. of food.--_adj._ -ROUGH'-PER'FECT, of an actor when nearly perfect in the memorising of a -part.--_ns._ ROUGH'-RID'ER, one who rides rough or untrained horses: a -horse-breaker; ROUGH'-SCUFF, a coarse fellow: the rabble.--_adj._ -ROUGH'-SHOD, shod with roughened shoes, as a horse in frosty weather.--_n._ -ROUGH'-SLANT, a shed partially enclosed, for shelter.--_adj._ ROUGH'-SPUN, -rude, homely.--_ns._ ROUGH'-STRING, one of the supports for the steps of a -wooden stairway; ROUGH'-STUFF, coarse paint laid on after the priming, and -before the finish; ROUGH'-TAIL, a shield-tail snake.--_adj._ -ROUGH'-TAILED.--_n._ ROUGH'-WING, a British moth: a rough-winged -swallow.--_adj._ ROUGH'-WINGED.--_v.t._ ROUGH'-WORK, to work over hastily -without attention to execution in detail--also _n._--ROUGH AND READY, rough -in manner but prompt in action; ROUGH AND TUMBLE, said of fighting in any -style or by any means: indiscriminate, confused, not too particular about -decorum, fairness, &c.; ROUGH DIAMOND (see DIAMOND); ROUGH IT, to take what -comes.--CUT UP ROUGH, to become quarrelsome or violent; IN THE ROUGH, in an -unwrought or rude condition; RIDE ROUGH-SHOD (see RIDE). [A.S. _r['u]h_, -rough; Ger. _rauch_, _rauh_, Dut. _ruig_.] - -ROUGHT, rawt, an obsolete pret. of _reck_. - -ROULADE, r[=oo]-lad', _n._ (_mus._) a melodic embellishment: a run. -[Fr.,--_rouler_, to roll.] - -ROULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ an obsolete form of _roll_. - -ROULEAU, r[=oo]-l[=o]', _n._ a roll of paper containing a certain number of -coins: a large piping or trimming: one of a bundle of fascines to cover -besiegers:--_pl._ ROULEAUX'. [Fr.] - -ROULETTE, r[=oo]l-et', _n._ a little ball or roller: a game of chance -played on an oblong table divided into numbered and coloured spaces, and -having in the centre a rotating disc on which a ball is rolled until it -drops into one of the spaces, the player winning if he has staked his money -on that space or its colour: an engraver's tool: a cylindrical object used -to curl hair upon: (_geom._) a particular kind of curve. [Fr.,--_rouler_, -to roll.] - -ROUM. See ROOM (2). - -ROUNCE, rowns, _n._ a wheel-pulley in a hand printing-press: a game of -cards. - -ROUNCEVAL, rown'se-val, _n._ (_obs._) a giant: anything large and strong: -the marrow-fat pea. - -ROUNCY, rown'si, _n._ (_obs._) a common hackney: a nag: a vulgar woman. - -ROUND, rownd, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to address in a whisper. [A.S. _runian_, to -whisper.] - -ROUND, rownd, _adj._ circular: globular: cylindrical: whole: complete: -plump: large: not inconsiderable, as a sum: whole, unbroken: -smooth-flowing, continuous, as a sound: full, expressive: open: plain: -positive: bold, brisk, without hesitation or delicacy, plain-spoken: -candid, as a 'round unvarnished tale': severe: well turned, in a literary -sense: periodic: (_archit._) vaulted.--_adv._ on all sides: every way: -circularly: in a revolution: from one side or party to another: not in a -direct line, circuitously: in a round manner: from beginning to -end.--_prep._ around: on every side of: all over.--_n._ that which is -round: a circle or globe: a series of actions: the time of such a series: a -turn: routine: revolution: cycle: an accustomed walk: a rundle or step of a -ladder: a song or dance having a frequent return to the same point: a -volley or general discharge of firearms, a single charge of ammunition for -a musket or field-piece: that in which a whole company takes part, as a -treat of liquor, &c.: prescribed circuit, as a policeman's round: the whole -scope, as the round of science: one of a series, as rounds of applause: a -bout in a boxing match: a brewer's vessel for holding beer while undergoing -fermentation.--_v.t._ to make round: to surround: to go round: to complete: -to make full and flowing: to encircle: to make a course round.--_v.i._ to -grow or become round or full: to go round: to go the rounds, as a -guard.--_adj._ ROUND'ABOUT, encircling: circuitous: indirect.--_n._ a -horizontal revolving wheel on which children ride: a round-dance: a short -jacket.--_adv._ ROUND'ABOUTLY.--_ns._ ROUND'ABOUTNESS; ROUND'-ALL, an -acrobatic feat.--_adjs._ ROUND'-ARCHED, of a style characterised by -semicircular arches; ROUND'-ARM, in cricket, swinging the arm more or less -horizontally; ROUND'-BACKED, having a round or curved back: -round-shouldered; ROUND'-CREST'ED, fan-crested.--_ns._ ROUND'-DANCE, a -dance in a circle, or in which the couples wheel; ROUND'ER, one that -frequents a place: a tool for making an edge round: (_pl._) an English game -out of which base-ball grew, played with a small ball and a bat about two -feet long.--_adj._ ROUND'-FACED, having a round face.--_ns._ ROUND'-FISH, -the common carp: the shadwaiter; ROUND'HAND, a style of penmanship in which -the letters are well rounded and free; ROUND'HEAD, a Puritan, so called in -the time of Charles I. from the Puritan fashion of having the hair cut -close to the head.--_adj._ ROUND'HEADED.--_ns._ ROUND'-HOUSE, in ships, a -cabin or house on the after-part of the quarterdeck: on American railways, -an engine-house; ROUND'ING, in bookbinding, the shaping the folded and -sewed sheets into a convex form at the back; ROUND'ING-MACHINE', various -machines for producing round forms, as a machine for sawing out circular -heads for casks; ROUND'ING-PLANE, a woodworking tool for rounding the -handles of rakes, &c.; ROUND'ING-TOOL, an instrument used in forging for -rounding a rod: a kind of draw-plate in saddlery for shaping round leather -straps; ROUND'-[=I]'RON, a plumber's tool for finishing soldered -work.--_adj._ ROUND'ISH, somewhat round.--_ns._ ROUND'ISHNESS; ROUND'LE -(_Spens._), a roundelay; ROUND'LET, a little circle.--_adv._ ROUND'LY, in a -round manner: fully: completely: boldly: openly: plainly: briskly: -generally.--_adj._ ROUND'-MOUTHED (_zool._), having a mouth without any -lower jaw.--_n._ ROUND'NESS, quality of being round, globular, or -cylindrical: cylindrical form: fullness: smoothness of flow: plainness: -boldness: a kind of muff.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-NUM'BERS, an indefinite or -approximate statement of a number, as a population, say, of 10,000.--_v.t._ -ROUND'-RIDGE, to plough into round ridges.--_ns._ ROUNDS'MAN (_U.S._), a -policeman who acts as inspector; ROUND'-STONE, small stones used for -paving; ROUND'-T[=A]'BLE, the group of twelve knights, the bravest of all -the throng, who form the centre of the mythical King Arthur's retinue, -sitting with the king at a round table; ROUND'-TOP, a round platform at the -mast-head.--_n.pl._ ROUND'-TOW'ERS, tall narrow circular towers tapering -gradually from the base to the summit, found abundantly in Ireland, and -occasionally in Scotland, now generally believed to be the work of -Christian architects and built for religious purposes.--_n._ ROUND'-UP, the -forming of upward curves: the bringing together of all the cattle in a -ranch: a finishing of an arrangement: the convexity of a deck.--_adj._ -ROUND'-WINGED, having rounded wings, as some British moths.--_n._ -ROUND'-WORM, one of a class of worms (_Nematoda_) in which the body is -elongated and more or less cylindrical, most of them parasitic--opposed to -the flatworms or _Plathelminthes_, such as tapeworms and flukes.--ROUND -ABOUT, in an opposite direction: an emphatic form of round; ROUND OF BEEF, -a cut of the thigh, through and across the bone; ROUND OFF, to finish -completely; ROUND TO, to turn the head of a ship to the wind.--ALL ROUND, -in all respects; BRING ROUND (see BRING); COME ROUND (see COME); SCOLD -ROUNDLY, to bring to book. [O. Fr. _roond_ (Fr. _rond_)--L. -_rotundus_--_rota_, a wheel.] - -ROUNDEL, rown'del, _n._ anything of a round form or figure: a circle: a -ring-dance, a rondel.--_n._ ROUN'DELAY, a round: a song in which parts are -repeated: a dance in a ring. [O. Fr. _rondel_ (Fr. _rondeau_), dim. of -_rond_, round.] - -ROUNDROBIN, rownd-rob'in, _n._ a name given to a protest signed by a number -of persons in a circular form, so that no one shall be obliged to head the -list. [Fr. _rond ruban_, round ribbon.] - -ROUNDURE, rown'd[=u]r, _n._ (_Shak._)=RONDURE. - -ROUP, rowp, _n._ (_Scot._) a sale by auction.--_v.t._ to sell by auction. - -ROUP, r[=oo]p, _n._ an infectious disease of the respiratory passages of -poultry. - -ROUSE, rowz, _v.t._ to raise up: to stir up: to awaken: to excite to -anything: to put into action: to startle or start, as an animal: to work -about in salt, to roil.--_v.i._ to awake: to be excited to action.--_n._ -the reveille.--_adv._ (_obs._) vehemently.--_adj._ ROUS'ANT (_her._), -starting up, as a bird in the attitude of rising.--_ns._ ROUSE'MENT, an -awakening religious discourse; ROUS'ER, one who, or that which, rouses, -anything astonishing.--_adj._ ROUS'ING, having power to awaken: great, -violent.--_adv._ ROUS'INGLY.--_adj._ ROUS'Y, noisy, riotous. [Scand., Sw. -_rusa_, Dan. _ruse_, to rush.] - -ROUSE, rowz, _n._ a carousal: a bumper. [Scand., Sw. _rus_, drunkenness, -Ice. _r['u]ss_; cf. Dut. _roes_, Ger. _rausch_.] - -ROUSSETTE, r[=oo]-set', _n._ a fruit-eating bat: a dogfish. [Fr.] - -ROUST, rowst, _v.t._ to stir up.--_v.i._ to move energetically. - -ROUST, r[=oo]st, _n._ a current in the sea.--_v.i._ to drive strongly. - -ROUSTABOUT, rowst'a-bowt', _n._ (_Amer._) a common wharf labourer: a -shiftless vagrant.--Also ROUS'TER. - -ROUT, rowt, _n._ a tumultuous crowd, a rabble: a large party: a fashionable -evening assembly.--_n._ ROUT'-CAKE, a rich sweet cake for evening -parties.--_adjs._ ROUT'ISH, clamorous: disorderly; ROUT'OUS. [O. Fr. -_route_, a band--Low L. _rupta_, thing broken--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, -to break.] - -ROUT, rowt, _n._ the defeat of an army or body of troops: the disorder of -troops defeated: a pack of wolves.--_v.i._ to assemble together.--_v.t._ to -put to disorderly flight: to defeat and throw into confusion: to conquer: -to drag out, or into the light.--PUT TO ROUT, to put to flight. [O. Fr. -_route_--L. _ruptus_, _rupta_, pa.p. of _rump[)e]re_, to break.] - -ROUT, rowt, _v.i._ to roar like a cow: to snore: to howl like the wind. -[A.S. _hr['u]tan_, to roar.] - -ROUT, rowt, _v.t._ to root up, as a pig: to scoop out.--_v.i._ to poke -about--also WROUT.--_n._ ROUT'ER, a sash-plane, as ROUT'ER-GAUGE, for -inlaid work.--_v.t._ ROUT'ER, to cut out, leaving some parts in -relief.--_ns._ ROUT'ER-PLANE, a plane for the bottoms of rectangular -cavities; ROUT'ER-SAW; ROUT'ING-MACHINE', a shaping-machine for wood, -metal, or stone. [_Root._] - -ROUT, rowt, _n._ the brent goose. [Ice. _hrota_.] - -ROUTE, r[=oo]t, _n._ a course to be traversed: a line of march: road: -track.--_n._ ROUTE'-STEP, an order of march in which soldiers are not -required to keep step.--STAR ROUTE, in the United States, a post route by -means other than steam, the blank contracts for which have three groups of -four stars. [Fr.,--L. _rupta_ (_via_), 'a broken way.'] - -ROUTH, rowth, _adj._ (_Scot._) plentiful, abundant--also _n._--_adj._ -ROUTH'IE, plentiful, well filled. - -ROUTIER, r[=oo]-ti-[=a]', _n._ a French brigand of the 12th century: any -brigand or armed robber. - -ROUTINE, r[=oo]-t[=e]n', _n._ course of duties: regular course of action: -an unvarying round.--_adj._ keeping an unvarying round.--_adj._ ROUTI'NARY, -customary, ordinary.--_ns._ ROUTINEER'; ROUTI'NISM; ROUTI'NIST. [Fr.] - -ROUTLE, row'tl, _v.t._ (_dial._) to disturb: to root out. - -ROUX, r[=oo], _n._ a mixture of melted butter and flour for soups, &c. -[Fr.] - -ROVE, r[=o]v, _v.t._ to wander over: to plough into ridges.--_v.i._ to -wander about: to ramble: to range: to aim, as in archery, at some casual -mark: to be light-headed: to be full of fun.--_n._ a wandering.--_ns._ -R[=O]'VER, one who roves: a robber or pirate: a wanderer: an inconstant -person: in archery, a person shooting with a long bow and arrow: an arrow -used by a rover: an irregular point to be aimed at: in croquet, a ball that -has gone through all the hoops; R[=O]'VERY; R[=O]'VING, the act of -wandering.--_adv._ R[=O]'VINGLY.--_n._ R[=O]'VINGNESS.--SHOOT AT ROVERS, to -shoot at random. [M. E. _rover_, a robber--Dut. _roover_, a pirate, -_rooven_, to rob--_roof_. The verb _rove_ is from the noun _roof_, -plunder.] - -ROVE, r[=o]v, _v.t._ to draw through an eye: to bring wool into the form it -receives before being spun into thread: to ravel out thread: to undo what -has been knit: to card.--_n._ a roll of wool or cotton drawn out and -twisted.--_ns._ R[=O]'VING, the process of giving the first twist to yarn: -a slightly twisted sliver of carded fibre; R[=O]'VING-FRAME, a machine for -the manufacture of cotton and worsted; R[=O]'VING-MACHINE', a machine for -winding on bobbins; R[=O]'VING-PLATE, a scraper used for giving a -grindstone a true circular form; R[=O]'VING-REEL, a device for measuring a -hank of yarn. [Prob. a variant of _reeve_ or of _rive_.] - -ROVE-BEETLE, r[=o]v'-b[=e]'tl, _n._ a brachelytrous coleopterous insect, as -the devil's coach-horse.--_n._ R[=O]'VER-BEE'TLE, a salt-water insect. - -ROW, r[=o], _n._ a line: a rank: persons or things in a line.--_v.t._ to -arrange in a line. [A.S. _r['a]w_, _r['a]we_; Ger. _reihe_, Dut. _rij_.] - -ROW, r[=o], _v.t._ to impel with an oar: to transport by rowing.--_v.i._ to -work with the oar: to be moved by oars.--_n._ an excursion in a -rowing-boat.--_adj._ ROW'ABLE.--_ns._ ROW'BOAT, a boat moved by rowers; -ROW'ER; ROW'-PORT, a small square hole in small vessels near the water-line -for the oars in a calm. [A.S. _r['o]wan_; Ger. _rudern_, Ice. _r['o]a_.] - -ROW, row, _n._ a noisy squabble: uproar: an outbreak: a brawl.--_v.t._ to -injure by wild treatment: to abuse, scold.--_v.i._ to behave in a riotous -way.--_adj._ ROW'DY, noisy and turbulent, given to quarrelling.--_n._ a -rough, disreputable fellow.--_n._ ROW'DY-DOW, a sustained noise or hubbub, -a row.--_adjs._ ROW'DY-DOW'DY, given to raising rows, uproarious; -ROW'DYISH.--_ns._ ROW'DYISM, the conduct of a rowdy or rough, turbulence; -ROW'ER, one given to quarrels. [Put for _rouse_ (q.v.).] - -ROW, row, _n._ (_Scot._) a form of _roll_.--_n._ ROW'-CLOTH, a folding -cloak of warm cloth. - -ROWAN, row'an, _n._ the mountain-ash, or quicken-tree, a British tree -belonging to the natural order _Rosaceae_, whose acid fruit--ROWAN -BERRIES--is sometimes used for preserves.--Also ROAN-TREE. [Scand., Sw. -_r[:o]un_, Dan. _r[:o]n_, Ice. _reynir_.] - -ROWEL, row'el, _n._ the little wheel in a spur, set with sharp points: a -little flat wheel or ring on horses' bits: a seton inserted in the flesh of -an animal.--_v.t._ to put spurs on: to apply the spur to.--_ns._ -ROW'EL-HEAD, the axis on which a rowel turns; ROW'ELING-NEED'LE, a needle -used for inserting a rowel or seton; ROW'ELING-SCIS'SORS, a farrier's -instrument for inserting rowels; ROW'EL-SPUR, a spur having several -radiating points. [Fr. _rouelle_--Low L. _rotella_, dim. of L. _rota_, a -wheel.] - -ROWEN, row'en, _n._ the aftermath, or second crop of hay: (_prov._) a -stubble-field. - -ROWLOCK, r[=o]'lok, or rul'uk, _n._ a contrivance on the wale of a boat, to -rest the oar in rowing.--Also ROLL'OCK, RULL'OCK. [Prob. A.S. -_['a]rl['o]c_.] - -ROWME, rowm, _n._ (_Spens._) room, space, place. - -ROXBURGHE, roks'bur-[=o], _n._ a style of binding for books, with cloth or -paper sides, plain leather back, gilt-top, other sides untrimmed, named -from the Duke of _Roxburghe_ (1740-1804). - -ROY, roi, _n._ (_obs._) a king. [O. Fr.,--L. _rex_, _regis_.] - -ROYAL, roi'al, _adj._ regal, kingly: magnificent: illustrious: magnanimous: -enjoying the favour or patronage of the sovereign: of more than common size -or excellence.--_n._ a large kind of paper (19 by 24 in. for writing-paper, -20 by 25 for printing-paper): (_obs._) a royal person, a king: a gold coin: -a sail immediately above the topgallant sail: one of the shoots of a stag's -head: a small mortar: a tuft of beard on the lower lip, an imperial.--_n._ -ROY'ALET, a petty king.--_v.t._ ROY'ALISE (_Shak._), to make royal.--_ns._ -ROY'ALISM, attachment to kings or to kingly government; ROY'ALIST, an -adherent of royalism: a cavalier during the English civil war: in American -history, an adherent of the British government: in French history, a -supporter of the Bourbons--also _adj._--_adv._ ROY'ALLY.--_n._ ROY'AL-MAST, -the fourth and highest part of the mast from the deck, commonly made in one -piece with the topgallant mast.--_adj._ ROY'AL-RICH (_Tenn._), rich as a -king.--_n._ ROY'ALTY, kingship: the character, state, or office of a king: -majesty: the person of the king or sovereign: fixed sum paid to the Crown -or other proprietor, as on the produce of a mine, &c.: kingdom: royal -authority: a royal domain: (_Scot._) the bounds of a royal burgh.--ROYAL -BOUNTY, a fund from which the sovereign grants money to the female -relatives of officers who die of wounds; ROYAL CASHMERE, a thin material of -pure wool; ROYAL FERN (_Osmunda regalis_), the most striking of British -ferns; ROYAL HORNED CATERPILLAR, a large bombycid moth of the United -States; ROYAL HOUSEHOLD, the body of persons in the service of the -sovereign.--THE ROYALS, a name formerly given to the first regiment of foot -in the British army. [Fr.,--L. _regalis_, regal.] - -ROYENA, roi'e-na, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the ebony family. -[From the 18th-century Dutch botanist Adrian van _Royen_.] - -ROYNE, roin, _v.t._ to bite, to gnaw.--_adj._ ROY'NISH (_Shak._), scurvy, -mangy: mean. [O. Fr. _rogne_, mange--L. _rubigo_, rust.] - -ROYNE, roin, _v.i._ to whisper, mutter.--Also ROIN, ROWND. [Cf. _Round_, to -whisper.] - -ROYSTERER, roist'[.e]r-[.e]r, _n._ Same as ROISTERER. - -ROYTISH, roi'tish, _adj._ (_obs._) wild: irregular. - -RUB, rub, _v.t._ to move something over the surface of with pressure or -friction: to clean, polish, or smooth, by passing something over: to wipe: -to scour: to remove by friction (with _off_, _out_): to erase or obliterate -(with _out_): to touch hard, fret: at bowls, to touch the jack with the -bowl.--_v.i._ to move along with pressure, friction, or difficulty: to get -through difficulties: to grate, to fret:--_pr.p._ rub'bing; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ rubbed.--_n._ the act of rubbing: that which rubs: a collision: an -obstruction: difficulty: a pinch: a joke: a sarcasm: a flaw: a rubber at -cards.--_ns._ RUB'-A-DUB, the sound of the drum when beaten; RUB'-[=I]'RON, -a wheel-guard, or wheel-guard plate; RUB'STONE, a whetstone: a -coarse-grained sandstone used for sharpening instruments.--RUBBED WORK, -work in stone smoothed by rubbing with gritstone; RUB DOWN, to rub from top -to bottom; RUB IN, to force into the pores of by friction: to reiterate or -emphasise; RUB OUT, to erase; RUB THE WRONG WAY, to irritate by opposition; -RUB UP, to polish: to freshen the memory. [Most prob. Celt.; Gael. _rub_, -W. _rhwbio_, to rub, to grind.] - -RUBASSE, r[=oo]-bas', _n._ a beautiful variety of rock-crystal. [Fr.,--L. -_rubeus_, reddish.] - -RUBATO, r[=oo]-b[:a]'to, _adj._ (_mus._) in modified or distorted rhythm. -[It., pa.p. of _rubare_, to steal.] - -RUBBER, rub'[.e]r, _n._ one who rubs down horses: one who practises -massage: a coarse towel for rubbing the body: a piece of caoutchouc for -erasing pencil-marks, india-rubber: a brush for erasing marks of chalk: the -cushion of an electric machine: a whetstone, a file: an emery-cloth: an -overshoe: a rub, as 'One who plays with bowls must expect to meet with -rubbers': a contest of three games, as at whist--also the deciding game in -such a series.--_adj._ made of caoutchouc or india-rubber.--_ns._ -RUBB'ER-CLOTH, a fabric coated with caoutchouc; RUBB'ER-DAM, a sheet of -caoutchouc used by dentists to keep saliva out of a tooth while being -filled; RUBB'ER-GAUGE, a device for measuring the amount of india-rubber -needed to make a given article; RUBB'ER-MOULD, a vulcanite mould used by -dentists in shaping the plates for artificial teeth; RUBB'ER-MOUNT'ING, in -saddlery, harness-mounting with vulcanite in imitation of -leather-work.--_n.pl._ RUBB'ERS, a disease in sheep, with great heat and -itchiness.--_ns._ RUBB'ER-SAW, a circular rotatory knife for cutting -india-rubber; RUBB'ER-STAMP, an instrument for stamping by hand with ink, -the letters, &c., being in flexible vulcanised rubber; RUBB'ER-TYPE, a type -cast in rubber; RUBB'ING, an application of friction: a copy of an -inscribed surface produced by rubbing heel-ball or plumbago upon paper laid -over it.--_ns._ RUBB'ING-MACHINE', a machine used in linen bleaching; -RUBB'ING-POST, a stone or wooden post set up for cattle to rub themselves -against; RUBB'ING-STONE, a gritstone for erasing the marks on a stone. - -RUBBISH, rub'ish, _n._ waste matter: the fragments of ruinous buildings: -any mingled mass: nonsense: trash: trumpery: litter.--_n._ RUBB'ISH-HEAP, a -pile of rubbish.--_adj._ RUBB'ISHING, trashy: paltry.--_n._ -RUBB'ISH-PULL'EY, a gin-block.--_adj._ RUBB'ISHY, worthless. [M. E. -_robows_, _robeux_--O. Fr. _robeux_, pl. of _robel_, dim. of _robe_, -_robbe_, trash, whence also _rubble_; cf. It. _roba_, rubbish, spoil.] - -RUBBLE, rub'l, _n._ the upper fragmentary decomposed matter of a mass of -rock: water-worn stones: small, undressed stones used in coarse -masonry.--_ns._ RUBB'LE-STONE (same as RUBBLE): also (_geol._) a kind of -conglomerate rock; RUBB'LE-WORK, a coarse kind of masonry of stones left -almost as they come from the quarry, or only dressed a little with the -hammer.--_adj._ RUBB'LY. [O. Fr. _robel_, pl. _robeux_, dim. of _robe_, -_robbe_, _rubbish_; cf. It. _roba_, and the cognate _rob_.] - -RUBECULA, r[=oo]-bek'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of birds, such as the robin -redbreast. [L. _rub[=e]re_, to be red.] - -RUBEDITY, r[=oo]-bed'i-ti, _n._ ruddiness.--_adj._ RUBED'INOUS. [L. -_rubedo_, redness--_rub[=e]re_, to be red.] - -RUBEFACIENT, r[=oo]b-e-f[=a]'shent, _adj._ making ruby or red.--_n._ -(_med._) an external application which stimulates and consequently reddens -the skin.--_n._ RUBEFAC'TION, the effect or action of a rubefacient. [L. -_rub[=e]re_, to be red, _faciens_, _-entis_, _pr.p._ of _fac[)e]re_, to -make.] - -RUBELLA, r[=oo]-bel'a, _n._ a contagious disease, with rose-coloured -eruption.--Also RUB[=E]'OLA, and _German measles_. - -RUBESCENT, r[=oo]-bes'ent, _adj._ tending to a red colour.--_n._ -RUBES'CENCE, a growing or becoming red: tendency to redness. [L. -_rubesc[)e]re_, to grow red--_ruber_, red.] - -RUBIA, r[=oo]'bi-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, including the -madder.--_n._ RU'BIAN, a colour-producing matter of madder.--_adj._ -RUBIAN'IC.--_n._ RU'BIATE. [L.,--_rubeus_, reddish, _rub[=e]re_, to be -red.] - -RUBICAN, r[=oo]'bi-kan, _adj._ of a bay, sorrel, or black colour, with some -light-gray or white on the flanks: of a red predominant over gray colour. -[Fr.,--L. _rubric[=a]re_, to colour red.] - -RUBICEL, RUBICELLE, r[=oo]'bi-sel, _n._ an orange or flame-coloured variety -of spinel. - -RUBICON, r[=oo]b'i-kon, _n._ a stream of Central Italy, forming the -boundary in the republican period of ancient Roman history between the -province of Gallia Cisalpina and Italia proper.--PASS THE RUBICON, to take -a decisive, irrevocable step, as Julius Caesar's crossing this stream, the -limit of his province--a virtual declaration of war against the republic. - -RUBICUND, r[=oo]'bi-kund, _adj._ inclining to redness: ruddy.--_n._ -RUBICUN'DITY. [Fr.,--L. _rubicundus_, very red--_rub[=e]re_, to be red.] - -RUBIDIUM, r[=oo]-bid'i-um, _n._ a soft silvery-white metallic element. [L. -_rubidus_, red.] - -RUBIFY, r[=oo]'bi-f[=i], _v.t._ to make red.--_adj._ RUBIF'IC.--_n._ -RUBIFIC[=A]'TION.--_adj._ RU'BIFORM. [Fr.,--L. -_rubefac[)e]re_--_rub[=e]re_, to be red, _fac[)e]re_, to make.] - -RUBIGO, r[=oo]-b[=i]'g[=o], _n._ a kind of rust on plants: mildew.--_adjs._ -RUBIG'INOSE, brown-red; RUBIG'INOUS. [L., rust.] - -RUBINE, r[=oo]'bin, _n._ an aniline dye.--_adj._ RUBIN'EOUS, of a glassy -semi-transparent crimson. [L. _rubeus_, red.] - -RUBIRETIN, r[=oo]-bi-ret'in, _n._ a resinous colouring matter in madder. -[L. _rubeus_, red, Gr. _hr[=e]tin[=e]_, resin.] - -RUBLE, ROUBLE, r[=oo]'bl, _n._ the unit of the Russian money system, -divided into 100 copecks--the present silver ruble is equivalent to 2s. -1-1/2d. [Russ. _rubl[)i]_--_rubit[)i]_, cut off, prob. from Pers. -_r[=u]p[=i]ya_, a rupee.] - -RUBRIC, r[=oo]'brik, _n._ the directions for the service, in office-books, -formerly in red letters: any heading, guiding, rule, &c. printed -conspicuously in red: a flourish after a signature: a thing definitely -settled: red ochre.--_v.t._ to enjoin services.--_adjs._ RU'BRIC, -AL, -agreeing with a rubric.--_adv._ RU'BRICALLY, over formally.--_v.t._ -RU'BRICATE, to illuminate with red letters: to formulate as a -rubric.--_adj._ represented in red.--_ns._ RUBRIC[=A]'TION, that which is -illuminated; RUBRIC[=A]'TOR, one who rubricates; RUBRIC'IAN, one versed in -the rubric; RUBRIC'ITY, accordance with the rubric.--_adj._ RU'BRICOSE -(_bot._), marked with red.--_n._ RU'BRISHER (_obs._), a painter of -ornamental letters in early manuscripts. [L. _rubrica_, red earth--_ruber_, -red.] - -RUBUS, r[=oo]'bus, _n._ a genus of rosaceous plants including the -raspberry, &c. [L., a bramble-bush.] - -RUBY, r[=oo]'bi, _n._ a pure transparent red-coloured corundum, inferior in -hardness to the diamond only among gems: redness, anything red: (_her._) -the tincture red or gules: (_print._) a type smaller than nonpareil and -larger than pearl--5-1/2 points in the new system: the red bird of -Paradise: the ruby hummer of Brazil.--_adj._ red.--_v.t._ to make -red:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ ru'bied.--_adj._ RU'BIED (_Shak._), red as a -ruby.--_n._ RU'BINE (_Spens._), same as RUBY.--_adj._ RU'BIOUS (_Shak._), -ruby, red, ruddy.--_ns._ RU'BY-BLENDE, a clear red variety of zinc -sulphide: ruby silver; RU'BY-TAIL, a gold-wasp, or cuckoo-fly.--_adj._ -RU'BY-THROAT'ED, like a humming-bird, with a ruby gorget.--_ns._ -RU'BY-T[=I]'GER, a British moth; RU'BY-WOOD, red sandalwood.--ROCK RUBY, a -ruby-red garnet. [O. Fr. _rubi_--L. _rubeus_--_ruber_, red.] - -RUCERVUS, r[=oo]-ser'vus, _n._ a genus of East Indian _Cervidae_.--_adj._ -RUCER'VINE. - -RUCHE, r[=oo]sh, _n._ a plaited frilling.--Also RUCH'ING. [Fr., prob. -Celt., Bret. _rusk_.] - -RUCK, ruk, _n._ a wrinkle, fold, or crease.--_v.t._ to wrinkle, to crease: -to annoy, ruffle.--_v.i._ to have a folded, wrinkled, or ridgy surface. -[Ice. _hrukka_, a wrinkle.] - -RUCK, ruk, _v.i._ to squat: to crouch down: to cower: to huddle -together.--_v.t._ to perch, to roost. - -RUCK, ruk, _n._ a crowd: a press: the common run: trash, nonsense.--_v.t._ -to gather in heaps. [Prob. Scand.; Old Sw. _ruka_, a heap.] - -RUCK, ruk, _n._ a small heifer. - -RUCKLE, ruk'l, _n._ (_Scot._) a rattling noise in the throat, as from -suffocation.--_v.i._ to emit such a sound. [Prob. cog. with Dut. -_rogchelen_, to hawk.] - -RUCTATION, ruk-t[=a]'shun, _n._ the act of belching: eructation. [L. -_ruct[=a]re_, to belch.] - -RUCTION, ruk'shun, _n._ (_slang_) a vexation: a disturbance: a rumpus. -[Prob. a corr. of _eruption_.] - -RUD, rud, _n._ redness: blush: flush: red ochre for marking sheep.--_v.t._ -to make red. [A.S. _rudu_, redness, _re['o]dan_, to redden.] - -RUD, rud, _v.t._ (_prov._) to rub: to polish. - -RUDAS, r[=oo]'das, _n._ (_Scot._) a foul-mouthed old woman: a randy, a -hag.--_adj._ bold, coarse. - -RUDBECKIA, rud-bek'i-a, _n._ a genus of composite plants, abundant in the -eastern and central United States, the cone-flowers. [Named from the -Swedish botanist Olaus _Rudbeck_ (1630-1702).] - -RUDD, rud, _n._ the fish red-eye. - -RUDDER, rud'[.e]r, _n._ the instrument by which a ship is rowed or steered, -its primitive form an oar working at the stern: that which guides anything: -a bird's tail-feather.--_ns._ RUDD'ER-BAND, a gearing with which the rudder -is braced when the ship is at anchor; RUDD'ER-BRACE, a strap to receive a -pintle of the rudder; RUDD'ER-BRAKE, a compressor for controlling the -rudder in a seaway; RUDD'ER-CHAIN, a strong chain often shackled to the -after-part of a rudder to prevent its loss; RUDD'ER-COAT, a covering of -tarred canvas used to prevent water rushing in at the rudder-hole; -RUDD'ER-FISH, the pilot-fish: the amber-fish: the barrel-fish.--_adj._ -RUDD'ERLESS, having no rudder.--_ns._ RUDD'ER-POST, the shank of a rudder, -having the blade at one end and the attachments at the other; -RUDD'ER-STOCK, the blade of the rudder, connected by hinges with the -sternpost of a vessel; RUDD'ER-TRUNK, a casing of wood fitted into the -post, through which the rudder-stock is inserted; RUDD'ER-WHEEL, a small -wheel at the end of a plough helping to guide it. [A.S. _r['o]ther_; Ger. -_ruder_, an oar.] - -RUDDER, rud'[.e]r, _n._ a riddle or sieve.--_v.t._ RUDD'LE, to sift -together: to mix, as through a sieve. - -RUDDLE, rud'l, _v.t._ to interweave: to cross-plait, as in making -lattice-work. [_Raddle_.] - -RUDDLE, rud'l, _n._ a species of red earth, red ochre: (_obs._) -ruddiness.--_v.t._ to mark with ruddle--also RADD'LE, REDD'LE.--_n._ -RUDD'LEMAN=_Reddleman_. [A.S. _rudu_, redness--_re['a]d_, red.] - -RUDDOC, RUDDOCK, rud'uk, _n._ (_Spens._) the redbreast: a gold coin: a kind -of apple. [A.S. _rudduc_--_rudu_, redness--_re['a]d_, red.] - -RUDDY, rud'i (_comp._ RUDD'IER, _superl._ RUDD'IEST), _adj._ red: of the -colour of the skin in high health: rosy, glowing, bright.--_v.t._ to make -red.--_adv._ RUDD'ILY.--_ns._ RUDD'INESS; RUDD'Y-DIV'ER, -DUCK, an American -duck with wedge-shaped tail; RUDD'Y-RUDD'ER, the long-eared sun-fish. [A.S. -_rudig_, _rudi_--_rudu_, redness--_re['a]d_, red.] - -RUDE, r[=oo]d (_comp._ RU'DER, _superl._ RU'DEST), _adj._ crude: -uncultivated: barbarous: rough: harsh: ignorant: uncivil: not smoothed: of -low rank: mean: savage: brutal: ferocious: ill-bred: boorish: stormy: -robust: not in good taste.--_adj._ RUDE'-GROW'ING, rough: wild.--_adv._ -RUDE'LY.--_ns._ RUDE'NESS; RUDES'BY (_Shak._), an uncivil fellow. [Fr.,--L. -_rudis_, rough.] - -RUDENTURE, r[=oo]-den't[=u]r, _n._ the figure of a rope with which the -flutings of columns are sometimes filled.--_adj._ RUDEN'TED. [Fr.] - -RUDERAL, r[=oo]'de-ral, _adj._ (_bot._) growing in waste places or among -rubbish.--_n._ RUDER[=A]'TION, the act of paving with small stones and -mortar. [L. _rudus_, rubbish.] - -RUDESHEIMER, r[:u]'des-h[=i]-m[.e]r, _n._ one of the white Rhine wines -highly esteemed--named from _R[:u]desheim_ on the Rhine, opposite Bingen. - -RUDGE, ruj, _n._ (_prov._) a partridge. - -RUDGE-WASH, ruj'-wash, _n._ kersey cloth made of fleece wool as it comes -from the sheep's back. - -RUDIMENT, r[=oo]d'i-ment, _n._ anything in its rude or first state: a first -principle or element: (_pl._) the introduction to any science: (_biol._) -that which is in its first stage of development: the beginning of any part -or organ, that which is vestigial, an aborted part.--_v.t._ to ground: to -settle in first principles.--_adjs._ RUDIMEN'TAL, RUDIMEN'TARY, pertaining -to, consisting in, or containing rudiments or first principles: initial: -elementary: undeveloped: (_biol._) beginning to be formed: arrested in -development.--_adv._ RUDIMEN'TARILY.--_n._ RUDIMENT[=A]'TION. - -RUDMAS-DAY, rud'mas-d[=a], _n._ Holy Rood Day. - -RUE, r[=oo], _n._ a plant of any species of genus _Ruta_, with bitter -leaves and greenish-yellow flowers--an emblem of bitterness and -grief--called _Herb of grace_: any bitter infusion.--_ns._ RUE'-ANEM'ONE, -an American wild-flower; RUE'-WORT, a plant of the rue family. [Fr. -_rue_--L. _ruta_--Gr. _rhyt[=e]_.] - -RUE, r[=oo], _v.t._ to be sorry for: to lament: to repent of: to -compassionate: to try to withdraw from, as a bargain.--_v.i._ to be -sorrowful: to suffer: to have pity upon:--_pr.p._ rue'ing; _pa.t._ and -_pa.p._ rued.--_n._ sorrow.--_n._ RUE'-BAR'GAIN, a forfeit for withdrawing -from a bargain.--_adj._ RUE'FUL, sorrowful: piteous: deplorable: mournful: -melancholy.--_adv._ RUE'FULLY.--_ns._ RUE'FULNESS; RU'ING, repentance. -[A.S. _hre['o]wan_, to be sorry for--_hre['o]w_, sorrow; Ger. _reue_, Old -High Ger. _hriuwa_, mourning.] - -RUELLE, r[=oo]-el', _n._ the space between the bed and the wall, a -bed-chamber where great French ladies held receptions in the morning in the -17th and 18th centuries. [Fr., a lane--L. _ruga_, a wrinkle.] - -RUELLIA, r[=oo]-el'i-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants, tropical and -American--the _manyroot_, _spiritleaf_, _Christmas-pride_ of Jamaica, &c. -[From the 16th-century French botanist, Jean _Ruel_.] - -RUFESCENCE, r[=oo]-fes'ens, _n._ reddishness.--_adj._ RUFES'CENT. [L. -_rufesc[)e]re_, to grow reddish--_rufus_, red.] - -RUFF, ruf, _n._ an ornament of frills formerly worn round the neck: -anything plaited: a bird belonging to the sandpiper sub-family of the Snipe -family, the male with an erectile ruff during the breeding season--_fem._ -REEVE: a band of long hair growing round the neck of some dogs: (_mach._) -an annular ridge formed on a shaft to prevent motion endwise: a breed of -domestic pigeons: (_obs._) a display.--_v.t._ to pucker: to draw up in -folds: to ruffle, disorder: in falconry, to hit without trussing: (_Scot._) -to applaud by making noise with hands or feet.--_adj._ RUFFED, having a -ruff, as the ruffed grouse. [Prob. _ruffle_.] - -RUFF, ruf, _n._ an old game at cards: the act of trumping when the player -has no cards of the suit left.--_v.t._ to trump in this way. [Perh. conn. -with It. _ronfa_, a card-game.] - -RUFF, ruf, _n._ ruggedness.--_v.t._ to heckle flax on a coarse heckle: to -nap hats.--_n._ RUFF'ER, a coarse heckle for flax.--_adj._ RUFF'Y-TUFF'Y, -disordered, rough.--_adv._ helter-skelter, pell-mell. - -RUFF, ruf, _n._ a low vibrating beat of a drum. - -RUFF, ruf, _n._ a small fresh-water fish of the Perch family, abundant in -England, about six inches long, with only one dorsal fin.--Also _Pope_. - -RUFFIAN, ruf'i-an, _n._ a brutal, boisterous fellow: a robber: a murderer: -a pander.--_adj._ brutal: boisterous: licentious: stormy.--_v.i._ to play -the ruffian, to rage.--_n._ RUFF'IANAGE.--_adj._ RUFF'IANISH, having the -qualities or manners of a ruffian.--_n._ RUFF'IANISM, conduct of a -ruffian.--_adjs._ RUFF'IANLY, like a ruffian: violent; RUFF'INOUS (_obs._), -ruffianly, outrageously. [O. Fr. _ruffian_ (Fr. _rufien_; It. _rufiano_), -prob. from Old Dut. _roffen_, _roffelen_, a pander.] - -RUFFIN, ruf'in, _n._ (_Spens._) the ruff-fish. - -RUFFLE, ruf'l, _v.t._ to make like a ruff, to wrinkle: to form into plaits: -to form with ruffles: to disorder: to agitate.--_v.i._ to grow rough: to -flutter.--_n._ annoyance: a quarrel: a plaited article of dress: a tumult: -agitation.--_adj._ RUFF'LED.--_ns._ RUFF'LEMENT; RUFF'LER, a machine for -making ruffles; RUFF'LING, ruffles generally.--RUFFLE ONE'S FEATHERS, to -make one angry. [Cf. Dut. _ruifelen_, to wrinkle, _ruyffel_, a wrinkle.] - -RUFFLE, ruf'l, _v.i._ to act turbulently: to swagger.--_v.t._ to -bully.--_n._ RUFF'LER, a bully. [_Ruffian._] - -RUFOUS, r[=oo]'fus, _adj._ reddish or brownish-red: having reddish -hair.--_adj._ RU'F[=U]LOUS, somewhat rufous. [L. _rufus_, akin to _ruber_, -red.] - -RUG, rug, _n._ a coarse, rough woollen cloth or coverlet: a soft, woolly -mat: a cover for a bed: a blanket or coverlet: a covering for the floor: a -travelling robe: a rough, shaggy dog: a kind of strong liquor.--_n._ -RUG'GING, heavy napped cloth for rugs: a coarse cloth for horse-boots. -[Scand., Sw. _rugg_; cf. _Rough_.] - -RUG, rug, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to pull roughly.--_n._ a tug.--GET A RUG, to get -a haul at something desirable. - -RUG, rug, _adj._ (_prov._) snug: warm. - -RUGA, r[=oo]'ga, _n._ a fold: a crease: a corrugation.--_adj._ RU'GATE. -[L., a fold.] - -RUGBY, rug'bi, _n._ the game of football according to the rules of the -_Rugby_ Football Union (1871), the sides numbering 15 each, played on -ground 110 by 75 yards. - -RUGGED, rug'ed, _adj._ rough: uneven: shaggy: sour: stormy: grating to the -ear: wrinkled: ruffled: homely: unpolished: rough: ungentle: (_U.S._) -robust.--_adv._ RUGG'EDLY.--_n._ RUGG'EDNESS.--_adjs._ RUGG'Y, rough: -uneven; RUG'-HEAD'ED, shock-headed. [Scand.; cf. _Rug_.] - -RUGINE, r[=oo]'jin, _n._ a surgeon's rasp, a nappy cloth.--_v.t._ to use a -rugine. [Fr.] - -RUGOSA, r[=oo]-g[=o]'sa, _n._ an order of sclerodermatous stone corals. - -RUGOSE, r[=oo]'g[=o]s, _adj._ wrinkled: full of wrinkles: (_bot._) having -the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of -the sage--also RU'GOUS.--_adv._ RU'GOSELY.--_n._ RUGOS'ITY.--_adj._ -RU'G[=U]LOSE. [L. _rugosus_--_ruga_, a wrinkle.] - -RUIN, r[=oo]'in, _n._ a rushing or falling down violently: destruction: -overthrow: that which destroys: the remains of a building demolished or -decayed (usually in _pl._): the state of being ruined: wreck, material or -moral.--_v.t._ to demolish: to destroy: to defeat: to impoverish: to bring -to ruin: to undo: to spoil: to seduce, debauch.--_v.i._ to run to ruin: to -fall into decay: to do irreparable harm.--_adj._ RU'INABLE (_Bacon_), -capable of being ruined.--_v.t._ RU'IN[=A]TE (_Shak._), to ruin, to -destroy: to demolish: to reduce to poverty.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to -fall:--_pr.p._ ru'in[=a]ting; _pa.p._ ru'in[=a]ted.--_adj._ (_obs._) -falling to ruin: ruined.--_ns._ RUIN[=A]'TION, overthrow: subversion; -RU'INER.--_adjs._ RU'INIFORM, having the appearance of ruins; RU'INOUS, -fallen to ruins: decayed: pernicious.--_adv._ RU'INOUSLY.--_n._ -RU'INOUSNESS, the state or quality of being ruinous: mischievousness. -[Fr.,--L. _ruina_--_ru[)e]re_, to tumble down.] - -RULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ government: a principle: a standard: a statute, a -maxim, formula, or order: an instrument used in drawing lines or making -calculations mechanically: a minor law, something established for guidance -and direction, esp. the regulations of monasteries, corporate societies, -&c.: the limits of a prison (esp. in _pl._): conformity to rule, -uniformity: in American parliamentary law, the regulations adopted by a -deliberative body for the regulation of its proceedings: (_gram._) the -expression of some established form of construction: the description of a -process for solving a problem: a general proposition, as 'Failure is the -rule, success the exception': (_law_) an order regulating the court: -(_print._) a thin strip of rolled brass, cut type high, used for printing: -in plastering, a strip of wood on the face of the wall as a guide to assist -in keeping the plane surface.--_v.t._ to dispose: to regulate: to dominate: -to govern: to manage: to prevail upon: to settle as by a rule: to establish -by decision: to determine, as a court: to mark with lines.--_v.i._ to -exercise power (with _over_): to decide: to lay down and settle: to stand -or range, as prices.--_adj._ RU'LABLE, governable: allowable.--_ns._ -RULE'-CASE (_print._), a tray with partitions for rules; RULE'-CUT'TER -(_print._), a machine for cutting brass rules into short lengths; -RULE'-DRILL'ER, a teacher who teaches by rote; RULE'-JOINT, a pivoted joint -used by surveyors, &c.--_adj._ RULE'LESS, lawless.--_ns._ RULE'LESSNESS; -RULE'-MONG'ER, a stickler for rules; RU'LER, a sovereign: a governor: an -instrument used in drawing lines: in engraving, a straight steel bar -employed in engraving the lines; RU'LERSHIP; RULE'-WORK (_print._), work -with many rules, as tables of figures, &c.--_adj._ RU'LING, predominant: -prevailing: reigning.--_n._ the determination by a judge, esp. an oral -decision: the act of making ruled lines.--_n._ RU'LING-EN'GINE, a machine -for ruling diffraction gratings.--_adv._ RU'LINGLY.--_ns._ -RU'LING-MACHINE', a machine used by engravers for ruling in flat tints: a -machine for ruling parallel coloured lines upon writing-paper; RU'LING-PEN, -a form of pen for drawing lines of even thickness; SLID'ING-RULE, a rule -having one or more scales which slide over others for the purpose of -facilitating calculations.--RULE OF FAITH, not the sum of the Christian -faith as laid down in creeds and confessions, but, in polemical theology, -the sources whence the doctrines of the faith are to be authoritatively -derived--the Scriptures, the tradition of the Church, the teaching of the -Fathers, &c.; RULE OF THE ROAD, the regulations to be observed in the -movements of conveyances either on land or at sea--thus in England drivers, -riders, and cyclists take the left side in meeting, and the right in -passing; RULE OF THREE, the method of finding the fourth term when three -are given; RULE OF THUMB, any rough process of measurement.--A RULE TO SHOW -CAUSE, or A RULE NISI, a rule which is conditional (see NISI); As a rule, -on the whole; ONE HOUR RULE, a rule prohibiting members of the United -States House of Representatives speaking more than an hour. [O. Fr. _reule_ -(Fr. _r[`e]gle_)--L. _regula_--_reg[)e]re_, to rule.] - -RULE, r[=oo]l, _n._ revelry.--_v.i._ to revel. [_Revel._] - -RULLION, rul'yon, _n._ a shoe made of untanned leather: a coarse woman: -(_Scot._) an ill-conditioned beast. [A.S. _rifeling_, a kind of shoe.] - -RUM, rum, _n._ a spirit distilled from the fermented juice of the -sugar-cane, or from molasses.--_ns._ RUM'-BARGE, a warm drink; -RUM'-BLOSS'OM, -BUD, a pimple on the nose; RUM'-CHERR'Y, the wild black -cherry of North America; RUM'-SELL'ER (_U.S._), the keeper of a rum-shop; -RUM'-SHOP; RUM'-SHRUB, a liqueur of rum, sugar, lime or lemon juice, &c. -[Abbrev. of _rumbullion_; prob. related to _rumble_.] - -RUM, rum, _adj._ good: queer, droll, odd.--_n._ any odd person or -thing.--_adv._ RUM'LY, finely (used ironically). [A Gipsy word, _rom_, a -husband.] - -RUMAL, r[=oo]'mal, _n._ a handkerchief: a small shawl or veil.--Also -ROO'MAL, RO'MAL. [Hind.] - -RUMBLE, rum'bl, _v.i._ to make a confused noise from rolling heavily: to -roll about.--_v.t._ to rattle.--_n._ a low, heavy, continued sound: a -jarring roar, rumour: confusion: a seat for servants behind a carriage: a -revolving box in which articles are polished by mutual attrition.--_ns._ -RUM'BLER; RUM'BLE-TUM'BLE, a rumble-seat; RUM'BLING, a low, heavy, -continued sound.--_adv._ RUM'BLINGLY. [Teut.; found in Dut. _rommelen_, -_rummeln_.] - -RUMBO, rum'b[=o], _n._ a strong liquor.--_n._ RUMBOOZE', a tipple: a mixed -drink. [_Rum._] - -RUMBULLION, rum-bul'yon, _n._ a great tumult: a strong liquor.--Also -RUMBOUL'ING. - -RUMEN, r[=oo]'men, _n._ the paunch and first stomach of a ruminant:--_pl._ -RU'MINA. [L.] - -RUMEX, r[=oo]'meks, _n._ a genus of apetalous plants to which belong dock -and sorrel, &c. - -RUMFUSTIAN, rum-fus'tyan, _n._ a hot drink of sherry, eggs, &c. - -RUMGUMPTION, rum-gump'shun, _n._ (_Scot._) rough and homely common-sense: -shrewdness of intellect--also RUM'BLEGUMP'TION.--_adj._ RUMGUMP'TIOUS, -shrewd: sharp. - -RUMINANT, r[=oo]'mi-nant, _adj._ having the power of ruminating or chewing -the cud--also RU'MINAL.--_n._ an animal that chews the cud, as the ox, -&c.--_n.pl._ RUMINAN'TIA, the even-toed or Artiodactyl Ungulates, which -chew the cud--the _Tragulidae_, often called musk-deer; the _Cotylophora_, -including antelopes, sheep, goats, oxen, giraffes, deer; the _Camelidae_, -or camels and llamas.--_adv._ RU'MINANTLY.--_v.i._ RU'MIN[=A]TE, to chew -the cud: to meditate.--_v.t._ to chew over again: to muse on.--_adj._ -(_bot._) appearing as if chewed, as in the nutmeg, &c.--_adv._ -RU'MIN[=A]TINGLY.--_n._ RUMIN[=A]'TION, act of chewing the cud: calm -reflection.--_adj._ RU'MINATIVE, well-considered.--_n._ RU'MIN[=A]TOR. [L. -_rumin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_rumen_, the gullet.] - -RUMKIN, rum'kin, _n._ (_obs._) a kind of drinking-vessel. - -RUMKIN, rum'kin, _n._ a tailless fowl. - -RUMMAGE, rum'[=a]j, _v.t._ to turn things over in search: to clear a ship's -hold of goods: to pack: to stow closely: to ransack: to explore: to bring -to light: to stir.--_v.i._ to make a search.--_n._ a careful search: an -upheaval.--_n._ RUMM'AGER.--RUMMAGE SALE, a sale of unclaimed goods. -[_Room-age._] - -RUMMER, rum'[.e]r, _n._ a large drinking-glass. [Dut. _roemer_; Ger. -_r[:o]mer_--prob. from such being used in the _R[:o]mersaal_ at Frankfurt.] - -RUMMY, rum'i, _adj._ rum: queer. - -RUMOUR, r[=oo]'mur, _n._ flying report; a current story.--_v.t._ to report: -to circulate by report.--_adj._ RU'MOROUS, vaguely heard.--_n._ RU'MOURER -(_Shak._), a reporter, a spreader of news. [Fr.,--L. _rumor_, a noise.] - -RUMP, rump, _n._ the end of the backbone of an animal with the parts -adjacent.--_n._ RUM'PER.--_adj._ RUMP'-FED (_Shak._), fattened in the rump, -fat-bottomed.--_adj._ RUMP'LESS, having no tail.--_ns._ RUMP'-POST, the -share bone or pygostyle of a bird; RUMP'-STEAK, steak cut from the thigh -near the rump.--THE RUMP, the remnant of the Long Parliament, after Col. -Pryde's expulsion of about a hundred Presbyterian royalist members. [Ice. -_rumpr_, Ger. _rumpf_, Dut. _rumpe_.] - -RUMPLE, rum'pl, _v.t._ to crush out of shape: to make uneven.--_n._ a fold -or wrinkle. [A variant of _rimple_. A.S. _hrimpan_, to wrinkle; Dut. -_rompelen_.] - -RUMPUS, rum'pus, _n._ an uproar: a disturbance. - -RUMSWIZZLE, rum'swiz'l, _n._ a cloth made in Ireland from pure wool undyed. - -RUN, run, _v.i._ to move swiftly on the legs, to hasten, rush on: to move, -travel, ply regularly to: to pass by: to have a certain form: (_law_) to -have legal authority: to be current, as money: to average: to reach, have -course in any direction: to make a fault, to slip, as thread in knitting: -to stand as a candidate: to pass from one state to another: to pass quickly -in thought, to dwell repeatedly upon in thought: to continue in operation, -be in constant motion, to be carried, to extend: to move swiftly: to pass -quickly on the ground: to flee: to go, as ships, &c.: to have course in any -direction, to extend, spread: to flow: to dart: to turn: to extend through -a period: to pierce: to fuse or melt: to turn or rotate: to be busied: to -become: to be in force: to discharge matter, as a sore: to have a general -tendency: to pass, fall: to creep: to press with immediate demands for -payment, as a bank.--_v.t._ to cause to move swiftly, to keep running: to -force forward: to push: to cause to pass: to fuse: to discharge, as a sore: -to pursue in thought: to incur: to pour forth: to execute: to chase: to -break through, as to run the blockade: to pierce: to sew: to fish in: to -evade: to manage: to tease:--_pr.p._ run'ning; _pa.t._ ran; _pa.p._ run, as -'_run_ brandy,' that which has been smuggled in.--_n._ act of running: -course: flow: discharge from a sore: distance sailed: voyage: continued -series: general reception: prevalence: popular clamour: an unusual -pressure, as on a bank, for payment: a trip: the run of events: a small -stream: the quantity run: the act of migrating: in base-ball, the complete -circuit made by the player which enables him to score one: in cricket, a -passing from one wicket to another, by which one point is scored: a range -of pasturage: a pair of millstones: the aftermost part of a ship's bottom: -(_mus._) a succession of consecutive notes: a roulade.--_ns._ RUN'ABOUT, a -gadabout: a vagabond: an open wagon; RUN'AWAY, one who runs away from -danger or restraint: a fugitive.--_adj._ fleeing from danger or restraint: -done by or in flight.--_ns._ RUN'LET, RUN'NEL, a little run or stream: a -brook; RUN'MAN, a deserter from a ship-of-war; RUN'NER, one who, or that -which, runs: a racer: a messenger, agent, one employed to solicit -patronage: a rooting stem that runs along the ground: a rope to increase -the power of a tackle: a deserter: a smuggler: a manager of an engine: a -Bow Street officer: in saddlery, a loop of metal through which a rein is -passed: that on which anything slides: in moulding, a channel cut in a -mould: the rotating-stone of a grinding-mill: the movable piece to which -the ribs of an umbrella are attached: a tool in which lenses are fastened -for polishing: a vessel for conveying fish, oysters, &c.--_adj._ RUN'NING, -kept for the race: successive: continuous: flowing: easy: cursive: -discharging matter.--_prep._ (_coll._) approaching or about.--_n._ act of -moving swiftly: that which runs or flows, the quantity run: a discharge -from a wound: the act of one who risks dangers, as in running a blockade: -strength to run: the ranging of any animal.--_n._ RUN'NING-BLOCK, a block -in an arrangement of pulleys.--_n.pl._ RUN'NING-DAYS, the days occupied on -a voyage, &c., under a charter, including Sundays.--_ns._ RUN'NING-FIGHT, a -fight kept up between one party that flees and another that pursues; -RUN'NING-FIRE (_mil._), a rapid succession of firing; RUN'NING-GEAR, the -wheels and axles of a vehicle; RUN'NING-HAND, a style of rapid writing -without lifting the pen; RUN'NING-KNOT, a knot made so as to form a noose -when the rope is pulled.--_n.pl._ RUN'NING-LIGHTS, the lights shown by -vessels between sunset and sunrise.--_adv._ RUN'NINGLY.--_ns._ -RUN'NING-OR'NAMENT, an ornament in which the design is continuous; -RUN'NING-REIN, a form of driving-rein; RUN'NING-RIG'GING, all the rigging -except the shrouds, stays, and lower mast-head pendants; RUN'NING-THRUSH, a -disease in the feet of horses; RUN'NING-T[=I]'TLE, the title of a book, -&c., continued from page to page on the upper margin; RUN'NING-TRAP, a pipe -so formed as to be a seal against the passage of gases; RUN'WAY, a trail, -track, or passage-way.--RUN ACROSS, to come upon by accident; RUN AWAY -WITH, to carry away in uncontrollable fright: to carry off in fleeing; RUN -DOWN, to chase to exhaustion: to run against and sink, as a ship: to -overbear, to crush; RUN DOWN A COAST, to sail along it; RUN HARD, to press -hard behind in a race or other competition; RUN IN, to go in: to arrest and -take to a lock-up: (_print._) to insert a word, &c., without making a break -or new paragraph: to alter the position of matter to fill vacant space; RUN -INTO DEBT, to get into debt; RUN IN THE BLOOD, family, to belong to one by -natural descent; RUN OFF, to cause to flow out: to take impressions of, to -print: to repeat, recount; RUN ON (_print._), to continue in the same line, -and not a new paragraph; RUN OUT, to come to an end; RUN OVER, to overflow: -to go over cursorily; RUN RIOT (see RIOT); RUN THE CHANCE, to encounter all -risks; RUN THROUGH, to expend, to waste, to pierce through and through; RUN -TOGETHER, to mingle or blend; RUN TO SEED, to shoot up too rapidly, to -become exhausted, to go to waste; RUN UP, to make or mend hastily: to build -hurriedly: to string up, hang.--IN THE LONG-RUN, in the end or final -result; IN THE RUNNING, or OUT OF THE RUNNING, competing, or not competing, -in a contest, with good hopes of success in a candidature, &c., or the -opposite; MAKE GOOD ONE'S RUNNING, to keep abreast with others; TAKE UP THE -RUNNING, to go off at full speed; THE COMMON RUN, THE RUN, or THE RUN OF -MANKIND, ordinary people. [A.S. _rinnan_; Ger. _rennen_, Ice. _renna_, to -run.] - -RUNAGATE, run'a-g[=a]t, _n._ a vagabond: renegade: an apostate: a fugitive. -[A corr. of _renegade_, but modified both in form and meaning by _run_.] - -RUNCH, runch, _n._ the charlock: the wild radish.--_n.pl._ RUNCH'-BALLS, -dried charlock. - -RUNCH, runch, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to grind, as with the teeth. - -RUNCINATE, runs'in-[=a]t, _adj._ (_bot._) having the lobes convex before -and straight behind, or pointing backward as in the dandelion. [L. -_runcinatus_, pa.p. of _runcin[=a]re_, to plane off--_runcina_, a plane.] - -RUNDALE, run'd[=a]l, _n._ a system of holding land in single holdings made -up of detached pieces. - -RUNDLE, run'dl, _n._ a round, a rung or step of a ladder: a ring, an orbit: -a ball.--_adj._ RUN'DLED. [_Roundel._] - -RUNDLET, rund'let, _n._ a small barrel.--Also RUN'LET. - -RUNE, r[=oo]n, _n._ one of the characters or letters used by the peoples of -northern Europe down to the 16th century: (_pl._) the ancient Scandinavian -alphabet or _futhorc_--from its first six letters _f_, _u_, _th_, _o_, _r_, -_c_ (the writing is called _Runic_, the individual letters _Rune-staves_, -or less correctly _Runes_): a secret, a mystic sentence: any song -mystically expressed.--_n._ RUNE'CRAFT.--_adj._ RUNED.--_n._ -RU'NER.--_adj._ RU'NIC, relating to runes, to the ancient Teutonic nations, -or to their characters.--_ns._ RUNOL'OGIST, one versed in Runic remains; -RUNOL'OGY.--RUNIC KNOTS, a form of interlaced ornament. [A.S. _r['u]n_, a -secret. The word is found in M. E. _rounen_, to whisper, and is cog. with -Old High Ger. _runa_, a secret, Goth. _runa_, secret.] - -RUNG, rung, _n._ one of the floor-timbers of a ship: one of the rounds of a -ladder: a bar: a heavy staff: a cudgel: one of the radial handles of a -steering-wheel. [A.S. _hrung_, a beam; Ger. _runge_.] - -RUNG, rung, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of ring.--_adj._ having a ring through the -nose, as a hog. - -RUNKLE, runk'l, _v.i._ to wrinkle: to crease. - -RUNN, run, _n._ in India, a tract of sandy or boggy land--often overflowed -by the tide. [Hind. _r[=a]n_.] - -RUNNEL, run'el, _n._ a little brook. [A.S. _rynel_, dim. of _ryne_, a -stream--_rinnan_, to run.] - -RUNRIG, run'rig, _n._ a species of ownership under which the alternate -ridges of a field belong to different owners--also RUN'RIDGE, RUN'DALE, a -survival of the simple form of open-field husbandry, under the tribal -system once universally prevalent in the western districts of Britain. - -RUNT, runt, _n._ a young ox or cow: an undersized animal: a dwarf: a bow: a -breed of domestic pigeons: the dead stump of a tree: the stem of a -cabbage.--_adj._ RUNT'Y. - -RUPEE, r[=oo]-p[=e]', _n._ an East Indian silver coin, nominally worth -about 2s.--at present about 1s. 4-1/2d. [Hind. _r[=u]p[=i]yah_--Sans. -_r[=u]pya_, silver.] - -RUPERT'S-DROP, r[=oo]'perts-drop, _n._ a detonating bulb, or glass -bubble--probably discovered by Prince _Rupert_ (1619-82). - -RUPESTRINE, r[=oo]-pes'trin, _adj._ rock-inhabiting. [L. _rupes_, a rock.] - -RUPIA, r[=oo]'pi-a, _n._ a severe form of skin disease, with flattish -distinct _bullae_ or blebs, containing a serous, purulent, or sanious -fluid, becoming thick scabs. [Gr. _hrypos_, filth.] - -RUPICAPRA, r[=oo]-pi-kap'ra, _n._ a genus of antelopes--the chamois. - -RUPICOLA, r[=oo]-pik'[=o]-la, _n._ a genus of rock-manikins or cocks of the -rock.--_adjs._ RUPIC'OLINE, RUPIC'OLOUS, growing or living among rocks. [L. -_rupes_, a rock, _col[)e]re_, to inhabit.] - -RUPPIA, rup'i-a, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order -_Naiadaceae_--to which _Ditch_ or _Tassel grass_ belongs. [From the -18th-cent. German botanist H. B. _Ruppius_.] - -RUPTURE, rup't[=u]r, _n._ the act of breaking or bursting: the state of -being broken: a breach of the peace: hernia (q.v.), esp. abdominal.--_v.t._ -to break or burst: to part by violence.--_v.i._ to suffer a breach: -(_bot._) to dehisce irregularly.--_adj._ RUP'TILE (_bot._), dehiscent by an -irregular splitting of the walls.--_n._ RUP'TION, a breach.--_adj._ -RUP'TIVE.--_n._ RUP'T[=U]ARY, a member of the plebeian class. [Fr.,--Low L. -_ruptura_--L. _rump[)e]re_, _ruptum_, to break.] - -RURAL, r[=oo]'ral, _adj._ of or belonging to the country: suiting the -country: rustic: pertaining to agriculture.--_n._ (_obs._) a -countryman.--_ns._ RU'RAL-DEAN, an ecclesiastic under the bishop and -archdeacon, with the peculiar care of the clergy of a district; -RU'RAL-DEAN'ERY.--_v.t._ RU'RALISE, to render rural.--_v.i._ to become -rural: to rusticate.--_ns._ RU'RALISM; RU'RALIST; RURAL'ITY.--_adv._ -RU'RALLY.--_n._ RU'RALNESS.--_adj._ RURIDEC'ANAL, pertaining to a rural -dean or deanery. [Fr.,--L. _ruralis_--_rus_, _ruris_, the country.] - -RUSA, r[=oo]'za, _n._ a genus of East Indian stags. [Malay.] - -RUSALKA, r[=oo]-sal'ka, _n._ a Russian water-nymph. - -RUSCUS, rus'kus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the order -_Liliaceae_--containing _Butcher's broom_, _Shepherd's myrtle_, &c. [L. -_ruscum_.] - -RUSE, r[=oo]z, _n._ a turning or doubling, as of animals to get out of the -way of dogs: a trick, fraud, or the use of such.--_n._ RUSE-DE-GUERRE, a -stratagem of war. [O. Fr. _ruse_--_ruser_, _re[=u]ser_, to get out of the -way--L. _recus[=a]re_, to decline.] - -RUSH, rush, _v.i._ to move with a shaking, rustling noise, as the wind: to -move forward violently: to enter rashly and hastily.--_v.t._ to drive: to -push, to secure by rushing.--_n._ a rushing or driving forward: an eager -demand: urgent pressure, as of business: a stampede of cattle: in football, -when a player forces his way by main strength.--_n._ RUSH'ER, in football, -a player whose special duty it is to force the ball toward his opponents' -goal: a go-ahead person. [Skeat explains M. E. _ruschen_ as from Sw. -_ruska_, to rush, to shake, an extension of Old Sw. _rusa_, to rush. Cf. -_Rouse_.] - -RUSH, rush, _n._ a genus (_Juncus_) of marshy plants, some absolutely -destitute of leaves, but with barren scapes resembling leaves: the name -esp. of those species with no proper leaves, the round stems known as -rushes: a wick: the merest trifle.--_n._ RUSH'-BEAR'ING, a country feast, -when the parish church was strewn with rushes, between haymaking and -harvest: the day of the festival.--_adj._ RUSH'-BOTT'OMED, having a seat or -bottom made with rushes.--_ns._ RUSH'-BUCK'LER (_obs._), a swash-buckler; -RUSH'-CAN'DLE, -LIGHT, a candle or night-light having a wick of rush-pith: -a small, feeble light.--_adj._ RUSH'EN, made of rushes.--_ns._ -RUSH'-HOLD'ER, a clip-candlestick used for rush-lights; RUSH'INESS.--_adj._ -RUSH'-LIKE, resembling a rush: weak.--_ns._ RUSH'-LIL'Y, a plant of the -species of blue-eyed grass; RUSH'-NUT, the _Cyperus esculentus_, whose -tubers are eaten in southern Europe; RUSH'-TOAD, the natterjack.--_adjs._ -RUSH'Y, full of, or made of, rushes; RUSH'Y-FRINGED.--_n._ RUSK'IE, any -utensil made of straw, &c., as a basket, &c.--FLOWERING RUSH, an aquatic -plant; MARRY WITH A RUSH, to wed in jest. [A.S. _risce_, like Ger. _risch_, -from L. _ruscum_, _rustum_.] - -RUSK, rusk, _n._ a kind of light hard cake: a kind of light soft cake or -sweetened biscuit. [Sp. _rosca_, a roll; cf. _Rosca de mar_, a sea-rusk; -origin unknown.] - -RUSMA. See RHUSMA. - -RUSSEL, rus'el, _n._ (_obs._) a fox: a twilled woollen material.--_n._ -RUSS'EL-CORD, a kind of rep made of cotton and wool. [O. Fr. _roussel_--L. -_russus_, red.] - -RUSSET, rus'et, _adj._ rusty or reddish-brown: coarse: rustic: of -russet-leather.--_n._ a coarse homespun dress.--_ns._ RUSS'ETING, an apple -of a russet colour and rough skin; RUSS'ET-LEATH'ER.--_adj._ RUSS'ETY. [O. -Fr. _rousset_--L. _russus_, red.] - -RUSSIAN, rush'yan, _adj._ relating to _Russia_, a country of Europe, or to -its people.--_n._ a native of Russia: the Russian language.--_adj._ RUSS, -belonging to the Russians.--_n._ a Russian: the Russian language.--_v.t._ -RUSS'IANISE, to give Russian characteristics to.--_n._ -RUSSIFIC[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ RUS'SIFY, to Russianise.--_ns._ -RUS'SO-BYZAN'TINE, the national art of Russian architecture; RUS'SOPHILE, -one who favours Russian policy (also _adj._); RUS'SOPHILISM; RUS'SOPHILIST; -RUS'SOPHOBE, one who dreads or hates the Russians--also RUS'SOPHOBIST; -RUSSOPH[=O]'BIA, the dread of Russian policy.--RUSSIA LEATHER (see -LEATHER). - -RUSSULA, rus'[=u]-la, _n._ a genus of hymenomycetous fungi--so called from -the colour of the pileus in some. [Low L. _russulus_, reddish--L. _russus_, -red.] - -RUST, rust, _n._ the reddish-brown coating on iron exposed to moisture: -anything resembling rust: a disease of cereals and grasses, with brown -spots on the leaves, caused by fungi: a corrosive: an injurious habit: any -foul matter.--_v.i._ to become rusty: to become dull by inaction.--_v.t._ -to make rusty: to impair by time and inactivity.--_adjs._ RUST'-COL'OURED; -RUST'FUL.--_adv._ RUST'ILY.--_ns._ RUST'INESS; RUST'-MITE, certain mites of -the family of gall-mites.--_adjs._ RUST'-PROOF, not liable to rust; RUST'Y, -covered with rust: impaired by inactivity, out of practice: dull: affected -with rust-disease: time-worn: of a rusty black: rough: obstinate: -discoloured.--_ns._ RUST'Y-BACK, a fern; RUST'Y-BLACK'BIRD, the grackle; -BLACK'-RUST, a fungus with dark-coloured spores.--RIDE, or TURN, RUSTY, to -become obstinate or stubborn in opposition. [A.S. _rust_; Ger. _rost_.] - -RUSTIC, rus'tik, _adj._ pertaining to the country: rural: rude: awkward: -simple: coarse: artless: unadorned: made of rustic-work.--_n._ a peasant: a -clown: a noctuoid moth.--_adj._ RUS'TICAL.--_adv._ RUS'TICALLY.--_n._ -RUS'TICALNESS.--_v.t._ RUS'TICATE, to send into the country: to banish for -a time from town or college.--_v.i._ to live in the country.--_n._ -RUSTIC[=A]'TION.--_v.i._ RUS'TICISE.--_ns._ RUSTIC'ITY, rustic manner: -simplicity: rudeness; RUSTIC'OLA, the European woodcock; RUS'TIC-WARE, a -terra-cotta of a light-brown paste, having a brown glaze; RUS'TIC-WORK, -various stonework, as frosted work, punctured work, &c.: in woodwork, -summer-houses, &c. [Fr. _rustique_--L. _rusticus_--_rus_, the country.] - -RUSTLE, rus'l, _v.i._ to make a soft, whispering sound, as silk, straw, -&c.: (_U.S._) to stir about.--_n._ a quick succession of small sounds, as -that of dry leaves: a rustling, a movement with rustling sound.--_ns._ -RUS'TLER, one who, or that which, rustles: (_U.S._) an active fellow; -RUS'TLING, a quick succession of small sounds, as that of dry -leaves.--_adv._ RUS'TLINGLY. [Skeat makes it a freq. of Sw. _rusta_, to -stir, a variant of Old Sw. _ruska_, to shake. Cf. _Rush_; and cf. Ger. -_rauschen_, _ruschen_, to rustle.] - -RUSTRE, rus't[.e]r, _n._ (_her._) a lozenge pierced with a circular -opening.--_adj._ RUS'TRED. [Fr.] - -RUSURE, r[=oo]'zh[=u]r, _n._ (_prov._) the sliding down of a bank. - -RUT, rut, _n._ a track left by a wheel: an established course.--_v.t._ to -form ruts in:--_pr.p._ rut'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ rut'ted.--_adj._ -RUT'TY, full of ruts. [O. Fr. _route_--Low L. _rupta_, a way.] - -RUT, rut, _n._ the noise made by deer during sexual excitement: the -periodic time of heat of animals.--_v.i._ to be in heat.--_v.t._ (_rare_) -to copulate with.--_adj._ RUT'TISH, inclined to rut: lustful.--_n._ -RUT'TISHNESS, libidinousness. [O. Fr. _ruit_, _rut_--L. -_rugitus_--_rug[=i]re_, to roar.] - -RUTA, r[=oo]'ta, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants--the general name of -the species is _Rue_.--_adj._ RUT[=A]'CEOUS. [Gr. _hryt[=e]_, rue.] - -RUTABAGA, r[=oo]-ta-b[=a]'ga, _n._ the Swedish turnip. [Fr.; ety. unknown.] - -RUTELA, r[=oo]'te-la, _n._ a genus of lamellicorn beetles. [L. _rutilus_, -red.] - -RUTH, r[=oo]th, _n._ pity, tenderness, sorrow: cruelty.--_adj._ RUTH'FUL, -pitiful, sorrowful: piteous, causing pity.--_adv._ RUTH'FULLY, in a -sorrowful manner.--_adj._ RUTH'LESS, without pity: insensible to misery: -cruel.--_adv._ RUTH'LESSLY.--_n._ RUTH'LESSNESS. [M. E. _ruthe_, -_reuth_--Scand.; Ice. _hryggth_, _hrygth_, sorrow.] - -RUTHENIAN, r[=oo]-th[=e]'ni-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to the -_Ruthenians_, a branch of the little Russian division of the Slav race, on -both sides of the Carpathians.--_n._ one of this race. - -RUTHENIUM, r[=oo]-th[=e]'ni-um, _n._ a hard brittle metal discovered in -1843 by Claus in the ore of platinum, forming no fewer than four different -oxides. [_Ruthenia_, a name of Russia.] - -RUTIC, r[=oo]'tik, _adj._ pertaining to, or derived from, _rue_. - -RUTICILLA, r[=oo]-ti-sil'a, _n._ the redstart. - -RUTILANT, r[=oo]'ti-lant, _adj._ shining: glittering.--_v.i._ RU'TIL[=A]TE, -to emit rays of light. [L. _rutilans_, pr.p. of _rutil[=a]re_, to be -reddish.] - -RUTILE, r[=oo]'til, _n._ one of the three forms in which titanium dioxide -occurs. [Fr.,--L. _rutilus_, red.] - -RUTTER, rut'[.e]r, _n._ (_obs._) a trooper: a mercenary horse-soldier: a -man of fashion. [O. Fr. _routier_--Low L. _ruptarius_--_rupta_, a troop.] - -RUTTER, rut'[.e]r, _n._ a direction specially for a course by sea: a marine -chart. [O. Fr. _routier_, a chart.] - -RUTTLE, rut'l, _v.i._ (_prov._) to gurgle. [M. E. _rotelen_, _ratelen_, to -rattle.] - -RUVID, r[=oo]'vid, _adj._ rough. [L. _ruidus_, rough.] - -RYAL, r[=i]'al, _n._ an old English gold coin worth about ten shillings, -called a _Rose-noble_.--Also R[=I]'AL. - -RYE, r[=i], _n._ a genus of grasses allied to wheat and barley, one species -of which is cultivated as a grain: (_her._) a bearing representing a stalk -of grain with the ear bending down.--_ns._ RYE'-GRASS, a variety of grass -cultivated for pasture and fodder; RYE'-MOTH, an insect whose larva feeds -on stems of rye; RYE'-WOLF, an evil creature of German folklore lurking in -the rye-fields; RYE'-WORM, an insect which devours the stems of rye. [A.S. -_ryge_; Ice. _r['u]gr_, Ger. _rocken_, _roggen_.] - -RYFE, r[=i]f, _adj._ (_Spens._). Same as RIFE. - -RYKE, r[=i]k, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to reach. - -RYND, rind, _n._ in a burstone mill, the iron which supports the upper -stone. [A.S. _hrindan_, to thrust.] - -RYOT, r[=i]'ut, _n._ a Hindu cultivator or peasant.--_ns._ RY'OTWAR, -RY'OTWARI, the arrangement about rent made annually in India, esp. in -Madras, between the government officials and the ryots. [Hind. -_raiyat_--Ar. _ra`iya_, a subject.] - -RYPE, r[=i]p, _n._ a ptarmigan. [Dan.] - -RYPECK, r[=i]'pek, _n._ (_prov._) a pole used to move a punt while -fishing.--Also R[=I]'PECK, R[=E]'PECK. - -RYVE, r[=i]v, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to pierce. [_Rive._] - - * * * * * - - -Corrections made to printed original. - -Under "Octagon" (in etymology):--"angle", printed as "agle" in original. - -Under "Paraclete":--"Paracl[=e]t'ice", printed as "Paracl[=e]t'i-ce" in -original. - -Under "Paraclete":--"Paracl[=e]t'icon", printed as "Paracl[=e]t'i-con" in -original. - -Under "Pavonine" (in etymology):--"pavonis", printed as "panonis" in -original. - -Under "Potable" (in etymology):--"potabilis", printed as "potablilis" in -original. - -Under "Pyxidium":--"pod", printed as "pool." in original. - -Under "Road":--"plumb-level", printed as "plum-level" in original. - -Under "Rosminianism":--"1797", printed as "1737" in original. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Chambers's Twentieth Century -Dictionary (part 3 of 4: N-R), by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S 20TH CENT. DICTIONARY (N-R) *** - -***** This file should be named 38699.txt or 38699.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/6/9/38699/ - -Produced by Colin Bell, Keith Edkins and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, -set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to -copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to -protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project -Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you -charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. 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