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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/38701-0.txt b/38701-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ab6dcc --- /dev/null +++ b/38701-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2630 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, +October 4, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, October 4, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38701] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts, or _emphasis_ in Greek. A list of volumes and pages in +"Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 101. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Battle of Brunanburgh, by Dr. Thurnam 249 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 250 + + Accuracy Of Printing 250 + + Folk Lore:--Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned--Tom + Chipperfeild--East Norfolk Folk Lore 251 + + Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, by James Crossley 251 + + Cowley and Gray, No. 11. 252 + + Minor Notes:--Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery--Westminster + Hall--Meaning of "Log-ship"--Locusts of the New Testament 254 + + QUERIES:-- + + Coinage of Vabalathus, Prince of Palmyra, by the Rev. + E. S. Taylor 255 + + Minor Queries:--Chaucer, how pronounced--The Island of + Ægina--Statute of Limitations Abroad--Tapestry Story of + Justinian--Praed's Works--Folietani--Berlin Mean + Time--Defoe's House at Stoke Newington--Oxford + Fellowships--Leonard Fell and Judge Fell--"Cleanliness + is next to Godliness"--Davies Queries 255 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Poet referred to by Bacon--The + Violin--Sir Thomas Malory, Knt.--Archbishop of + Spalatro--Play of "The Spaniards in Peru"--Selion 257 + + REPLIES:-- + + Prophecies of Nostradamus 258 + + Borough-English 259 + + Passage in Virgil 260 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ell-rake--Freedom from + Serpents--Nao, for Naw, for Ship--De Grammont--The + Termination "-ship"--The Five Fingers--Marriages within + ruined Churches--Death of Cervantes--Story referred to + by Jeremy Taylor--Gray's Obligations to Jeremy + Taylor--Blessing by the Hand--Sacre Cheveux--Pope and + Flatman--Linteamina and Surplices 260 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 263 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 263 + + Notices to Correspondents 263 + + Advertisements 264 + + + + +Notes. + + +BATTLE OF BRUNANBURGH. + +It is remarkable that the site of this great battle, the effects of +which were so important to the Anglo-Saxon power, remains to this day +undetermined. + +The several chroniclers who describe it give various names to the +locality, though modern authors generally adopt the name of Brunanburgh +or "Town of the Fountains." Not however to insist on such variations in +the name as Brunandune, Bruneberik, Bruneford, and Brumby, Simeon of +Durham describes the battle as occurring at a place named Wendune, +otherwise Weondune, to which moreover he assigns the further name of +Ethrunnanwerch. The locality has been sought for in most improbable +places,--in Northumberland and Cheshire. There can, however, be little +or no doubt that this Waterloo of the Anglo-Saxons, as it has been +called, is really to be found in the immediate neighbourhood of the +Humber; though, whether on the northern or southern bank of that river +seems quite uncertain: so far at least as the evidence hitherto adduced +affords us the means of judging. In the Winchester volume of the British +Archæological Association, MR. HESLEDEN states his belief that he has +traced the site of this battle on the south of the Humber, near Barton +in Lincolnshire; but the evidence on which he grounds this opinion, +whilst demanding for this locality further consideration, seems to me +far from conclusive. MR. HESLEDEN describes some curious earth-works in +this situation, and thinks he has discovered the site of Anlaff's camp +at Barrow, and that of Athelstan at Burnham (formerly, as he informs us, +written "Brunnum"), where is an eminence called "Black Hold," which he +thinks was the actual seat of the battle. At Barrow are places called +"_Barrow Bogs_" and "_Blow Wells_." Does MR. HESLEDEN think we have here +any reference to the "fountains" giving their name to Brunanburgh? + +It is very desirable, in a topographical and historical point of view, +that the site of this remarkable contest between the Anglo-Saxons and +the allied Scandinavians and British _reguli_ under Anlaff, should be +determined on satisfactory data; and the allusion to it by MR. HESLEDEN, +in a recent communication to "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iv., p. 180.), +induces me to call the attention of your readers, and of that gentleman +in particular, to some mention of this battle, topographically not +unimportant, which is to be found in Egil's _Saga_; the hero of which +was himself a combatant at Brunanburgh, under the standard of Athelstan, +and which appears to have escaped the observation of those who have +discussed the probable site of this deadly encounter. The circumstantial +account to be found in the _Saga_, chap. lii. and liii., has not been +overlooked by Sharon Turner, who however does not quote the passages +having a special topographical interest. It is remarkable that the name +of Wendune, for which among Anglo-Saxon writers there appears the single +authority of Simeon of Durham, is confirmed by the testimony of the +_Saga_: at least there can be little doubt, that the _Vinheida_ of the +_Saga_ is but a Norse form for the Wendun or Weondune of the Anglo-Saxon +chronicler. The natural and other features of the locality are not +neglected by the author of the _Saga_, who describes it as a wild and +uncultivated spot, surrounded by woods, having the town of _Vinheida_ +not far distant on the north. These particulars I take from the Latin of +the _Saga_; but the reader of the Icelandic would possibly find more +minute characteristics, which may have been lost in the process of +translation. As, by his residence in the neighbourhood, MR. HESLEDEN is +favourably situated for the further prosecution of this inquiry, I +should be glad to find whether his conclusion as to the site of the +battle received confirmation, or otherwise, from the passages of the +_Saga_ to which I have now ventured to direct attention. + +I may here observe, that if we consider the situation of _Jorvik_, or +York, the capital of the then Norse kingdom of Northumbria, we shall +perhaps conclude that it was on the Yorkshire rather than on the +Lincolnshire side of the Humber, that-- + + "Athelstan, king, + of earls the Lord, + of heroes the bracelet-giver, + And his brother eke, + Edmund etheling, + life-long-glory + in battle won + with edges of swords + near Brumby." + +This conclusion is to some extent confirmed, when we connect with the +above the tradition or historical fact, whichever we regard it, that it +was after this battle that Athelstan, in redemption of a previous vow, +made various costly offerings on the altar of St. John of Beverley, and +endowed that church with great privileges, the memory of which exists to +the present day. It must however be admitted, that such a presumption is +anything but conclusive in regard to a topographical question of this +description. In conclusion, I would suggest that the Domesday Book for +Yorkshire and Lincolnshire should be carefully examined, in order to +ascertain whether the place in question, under any of the names assigned +to it, is there to be found. + + JOHN THURNAM, M.D. + + Devizes. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + + "Sans titres on fait des romans; pour écrire l'histoire il faut + des preuves authentiques, des monumens certains."--J. J. Oberlin, + _Annales de la vie de Jean Gutenberg_. + +Gratified by the approbation with which my suggestion of a _Caxton +memorial_ has been received, both publicly and privately, and acquiring +fresh confidence in its success, it is my intention to make a second +appeal to the lovers of literature when the excitement of the present +year shall have passed away, and home-subjects shall re-assume their +wonted powers of attraction. + +In the mean time, I recommend an assemblage of notes on the life and +works of Caxton, designed to correct current errors; to expose baseless +conjectures; to indicate probable sources of information, or to furnish +such novel information as research may produce; and to assist in +establishing the principles on which such a memorial as that suggested +should be prepared and edited. + +In justification of this advice, I must express my belief that there +have been few men of celebrity on whose life and labours so many +erroneous statements, and inadmissible conjectures, have been published +in works of general repute. + +Requesting the favour of contributions to _The Caxton coffer_ from such +persons as may take an interest in the success of the enterprise, I now +proceed to set an example:-- + + "I have a great number of books printed by Caxton, and in very + good condition, except a very few. I think the number is + forty-two. Have you any notes relating to that good honest man? I + think he deserves those titles, and if I may add industrious + too."--Edward, earl of Oxford, to Thomas Hearne, 1731. + + "In Osborne's shop-catalogue for 1749, No. 5954, occurs the + 'Catalogue of the late E. of Oxford's library, as it was + purchased, (being the original) inlaid with royal paper, in 16 + vols. 4to. with the prices prefixed to each book--pr. 10. 10. + 0.--N.B. There never was any other copy of this catalogue with the + prices added to it.'--The same article, at the same price, is + repeated in his cat. for 1750, No. 6583, and for 1751, No. + 6347--after which, being discontinued in his subsequent cats. it + was probably sold. Qu'y. to whom and where is it now?"--Richard + Heber, c. 1811. + +The first of the above notes is copied from _Letters written by eminent +persons_, London [Oxford], 1813. 8o. The second note, which concludes +with a _query_, forms part of some manuscript memoranda, now in my +possession, on the matchless library to which it refers. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +ACCURACY OF PRINTING. + +Much of the _copy_ forwarded by the contributors to "NOTES AND QUERIES" +contains quotations from old books; which I presume are accurately +given, without alteration of spelling or punctuation. The difficulty is +this; that the printer, or perhaps even the editor, may sometimes alter +what he supposes to be a _contributor's_ error of copying. Thus, in +Query 93. (Vol. iv., p. 151.), there is _medulla grammaticæ_, where I +wrote _grammatice_, as in my authority: but the vile punctuation of the +subsequent extract (which is also that of the original) is duly +preserved. It would be desirable to have some symbol by which to call +attention to the fact that some glaring error is real quotation, and is +to be preserved in printing. For example, an indented line (~~~~) drawn +under the words in question, or at the side, would warn the printer that +he is not to correct any error, however gross. If you would suggest +this, or any other method, and request your contributors generally to +adopt it, an increased degree of confidence in the quotations would +result. + + "Nec [sic] intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus + Inciderit." + + M. + + [We are quite alive to the importance of our correspondent's + suggestion. The excuse for such corrections by compositors and + readers is, that copy frequently comes into their hands in such a + state, that if they did not exercise a power somewhat beyond the + strict limit of their duty, they would commit greater sins, and + give more of offence both to writers and readers. It may be feared + that some compositors would not know what was meant by an indented + line, and would (especially if it was not carefully made) take it + as a direction for _Italics_. The object may, however, probably be + attained by the writer's placing in the margin, or in the line, or + between the lines, so as to be either above or below the + particular word or phrase to which it is meant to refer, the word + "sic," with a line completely round it. All persons concerned in + the practical part of printing understand, that "matter" which is + thus circumscribed or circumlineated, is not to be printed, but is + a private communication for the benefit of such readers of the + written copy as it may concern. If there are many lines which + require this caution, it will generally be enough to mark one or + two of the first instances, for that will suffice to show that the + writer knows that he is doing, and means to do, what looks as if + it wanted correction. + + We are inclined to add one suggestion, for which this seems to be + a good opportunity, because it is peculiarly inapplicable to the + correspondent who has drawn from us these remarks. It is this, + that as those who know that they are telling a story which is + likely to excite doubt, take more than usual care to put on a + grave and honest countenance, so those who know that they are + writing what is bad or questionable in grammar, spelling, &c., + should use the precaution of being peculiarly legible.] + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Discovering the bodies of the Drowned_ (Vol. iv., p. 148.). It is +curious that a similar practice to that of discovering the bodies of the +drowned by loading a loaf with mercury, and putting it afloat on the +stream, extracted from the _Gent. Mag._, seems to exist among the North +American Indians. Sir James Alexander, in his account of Canada +(_L'Acadie_, 2 vols., 1849), says, p. 26.:-- + + "The Indians imagine that in the case of a drowned body, its place + may be discovered by floating a chip of cedar wood, which will + stop and turn round over the exact spot: an instance occurred + within my own knowledge, in the case of Mr. Lavery of Kingston + Mill, whose boat overset, and the person was drowned near Cedar + Island; nor could the body be discovered until this experiment was + resorted to." + + S.W. + + Liverpool, Sept. 1851. + +_Tom Chipperfeild, &c._--In Herrick's _Works_ (W. and C. Tait, +Edinburgh, 1823), p. 216., are the following lines: + + "_To his Booke._ + + "The dancing frier, tatter'd in the bush, + Those monstrous lies of little Robin Rush; + _Tom Chipperfeild_, and pritty lisping _Ned_, + That doted on a maide of gingerbread. + The _flying pilcher_, and the _frisking dace_, + With all the rabble of _Tim Trundell's_ race, + Bred from the dunghils and adulterous rhimes, + Shall live, and thou not superlast all times?" + +Can any of your correspondents versed in the folk lore of the West of +England give me any explanation of _Tom Chipperfeild_ and Co.? + + E.N.W. + + Southwark. + +_East Norfolk Folk Lore_ (Vol. iv., p. 53.).--Cure for Ague. The cure +mentioned by MR. E.S. TAYLOR above, I have just learnt has been +practised with much success by some lady friends of mine for some years +past amongst the poor of the parishes in which they have lived. From the +number of cures effected by them, I have sent the same application (with +the exception of using ginger instead of honey) to a relative of mine in +India, who has been suffering from ague acutely, and am anxiously +waiting to hear the result. It would be satisfactory to have the medical +nature of the remedy, as well as its effects, accounted for; but I fear +this would be considered as out of your province. + + W.H.P. + + +SERMON OF BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR. + +I have a 12mo. volume entitled-- + + "Christ's Yoke an easy Yoke, and yet the Gate to Heaven a straight + Gate: in two excellent Sermons, well worthy the serious Perusal of + the strictest Professors. By a Learned and Reverend Divine. Heb. + xi. 4.: _Who being dead yet speaketh_. London, printed for F. + Smith, at the Elephant and Castle, near the Royal Exchange in + Cornhill, 1675." + +Pp. 92., Exclusive of Preface. + +Facing the title-page is a portrait of Bishop Taylor, engraved by Van +Hove. The Preface, without mentioning the author's name, informs the +reader that the two sermons following, "by means of a person of Honour +yet living, are now come into the press for public use and benefit." The +first sermon is on Matt. xi. 30.: "For my Yoke is easy, and my Burthen +is light;" and is contained in Taylor's _Life of Christ_ (Eden's edit. +of his _Works_, vol. ii. pp. 515-528.). The second sermon is on Luke +xiii. 23, 24., and begins "The life of a Christian is a perpetual +contention for mastery;" and ends, "If we strive according to his holy +Injunctions, we shall certainly enter, according to his holy promises, +but else upon condition." This sermon does not appear, as far as I have +been able to discover, in any collection of Taylor's Works, nor amongst +his Sermons in the new edition; nor do I find the volume itself noticed +by any of his biographers. It would be extraordinary if, when so much +has been printed as part of his works which did not belong to him, a +sermon indisputably his should have been omitted by all his various +editors; a sermon, too, which every reader will allow to be a fine one. +Perhaps the rev. editor of the new edition of Taylor's _Works_ can +explain the reason of this omission. I shall be glad to be corrected if +I have overlooked the sermon in any part of the Bishop's collected +Works. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + + +COWLEY AND GRAY, NO. II. + +Gray, when alluding to Shakspeare, in his Pindaric ode on "The Progress +of Poesy," had probably Cowley in memory: + + "Far from the sun and summer gale, + In thy green lap was Nature's Darling laid, + What time, where lucid Avon stray'd. + To him the mighty mother did unveil + Her awful face: _the dauntless child + Stretch'd forth his little arms and smil'd_." + +Wakefield, in one of his notes, remarks on this-- + + "An allusion perhaps, to that verse of Virgil, + + "'Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem.'" + +Instead of Virgil, I suspect that Gray was thinking of the first Nemean +Ode of Pindar, wherein the infant Hercules is described as strangling +the snakes sent to destroy him by Juno: + + "ὁ δ' ὀρθὸν + μὲν ἄντεινεν κάρα, + πειρᾶτο δὲ πρῶτον μάχας, + δισσαῖσι δοιοὺς αὐχένων + μάρψας ἀφύκτοις χερσὶν ἑαῖς ὄφιας." + +Let me give a portion of Cowley's translation: + + "The big-limb'd babe in his huge cradle lay, + Too weighty to be rock'd by nurse's hands, + Wrapt in purple swaddling bands; + When, lo! by jealous Juno's fierce commands, + Two dreadful serpents come. + + "All naked from her bed the passionate mother lept + To save, or perish with her child, + She trembled, and she cry'd; the mighty infant smiled: + The mighty infant seem'd well pleased + At his gay gilded foes, + And as their spotted necks up to the cradle rose, + _With his young warlike hands on both he seiz'd_." + +The stretching forth of the child's hands he found in Pindar and Cowley; +his "smiling" in Cowley alone, for there is no trace of it in the +original. While speaking of Gray, one scarcely likes alluding to that +great _whetstone_, Dr. Johnson; for certainly the darkest shade on his +well-merited literary reputation arises from his unjust, ill-natured, +and unscholarlike criticisms upon a poet whose sole transgression was to +have been his cotemporary. But Johnson eulogises Shakspeare, as did +Gray, and I cannot help thinking that he, as well as Gray, was indebted +to Cowley: _e.g._ Johnson writes: + + "When Learning's triumph o'er her barb'rous foes + First rear'd the stage, immortal Shakspeare rose; + Each change of many-colour'd life he drew, + Exhausted worlds, and then imagin'd new: + Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign, + _And panting Time toil'd after him in vain_." + + _Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick at the opening of the Theatre + Royal, Drury Lane, 1747._ + + "He did the utmost bounds of knowledge find; + He found them not so large as was his mind, + But, like the large Pellaean youth, did mone + Because that art had no more worlds than one. + And when he saw that he through all had past, + He dy'd, lest he should idle grow at last." + + Cowley, _On the Death of Sir Henry Wooton_, page 6.: Lond. 1668, + fol. + +And with Dr. Johnson's sixth line-- + + "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain," + +we may, I think, compare Cowley's description of King David's earlier +years: + + "Bless me! how swift and growing was his wit! + _The wings of Time flag'd dully after it_." + + _Davideis_, lib. iii. p. 92. + +But to return to Gray, Ode VI. "The Bard:" + + "With haggard eyes the poet stood, + Loose his beard, and hoary hair + _Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air_." + +Wakefield quotes _Paradise Lost_, lib. i. 535.: + + "The imperial ensign, which full high advanc'd, + Shone _like a meteor streaming to the wind_." + +Campbell, in _The Pleasures of Hope_, Part I., _does_ borrow from Milton +in the above passage: + + "Where Andes, giant of the western star, + With _meteor standard to the winds unfurl'd_;" + +but Gray is alluding to _hair_, and not to a standard; to the original +derivation of the word _comet_ (κόμη), and possibly to a +different passage in Milton, viz. _Par. Lost_, ii. 706.: + + "on the other side, + Incens'd with indignation, Satan stood + Unterrified: and like a _comet_ burned, + That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge, + In the arctic sky, and from his horrid _hair_ + Shakes pestilence and war." + +Or as Virgil before him, _Æneid_, lib. x. 270.: + + "_Ardet apex capiti, cristisque a vertici flamma_ + Funditur, et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes: + Non secus, ac liquida si quando nocti _cometæ_ + Sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor," &c. + +One of the meanings of κόμη is "the luminous tail of a comet;" +and Suidas mentions from the LXX, καὶ ἕσπερον τὸν ἀστέρα ἐπὶ +_κόμης_ αὐτοῦ ἄξεις αὐτον] (Job xxxviii. 32.). See Scott and Liddell's +_Lexicon_ at the words Κόμη, and Πώγων and Πωγωνίας, +which latter words are used in reference to the _beard_ of a +comet. + +Gray must now speak for himself. He says in a note: + + "The image was taken from a well-known picture of Raphael, + representing the Supreme Being in the Vision of Ezekiel. There are + two of these paintings, both believed originals, one at Florence, + the other at Paris." + +And Mr. Mason adds, in a note to his edition of Gray, vol. i. p. 75. +Lond. 1807: + + "Moses breaking the Tables of the Law, by Parmegiano, was a figure + which Mr. Gray used to say came still nearer to his meaning than + the picture of Raphael." + +I cannot help thinking that Cowley too was not forgotten. Speaking of +the angel Gabriel, he says: + + "An harmless flaming _meteor_ shone for _haire_, + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care." + +Indeed, I must give the entire passage, however fantastic or unconnected +with my purpose; for the last four lines, which describe the angel's +_wings_, appear beyond measure dreamy and beautiful: + + "When Gabriel (no blest spirit more kind or fair) + Bodies and cloathes himself with thicken'd air, + All like a comely youth in life's fresh bloom; + Rare workmanship, and wrought by heavenly loom! + He took for skin a cloud most soft and bright, + That ere the mid day sun pierc'd through with light: + Upon his cheeks a lively blush he spread, + Wash't from the morning's beauties deepest red. + An harmless flaming meteor shone for haire + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care. + He cuts out a silk mantle from the skies, + Where the most sprightly azure pleas'd the eyes. + This he with starry vapours spangles all, + Took in their prime ere they grow ripe and fall. + Of a new rainbow ere it fret or fade, + The choicest piece took out, a scarf is made. + _Small streaming clouds he does for wings display_, + _Not virtuous lovers' sighs more soft than they_. + _These he gilds o'er with the sun's richest rays_, + _Caught gliding o'er pure streams on which he plays._" + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, in a verse which was inserted in the _Elegy_ as it originally +stood (and the subsequent rejection of which we must ever grieve over, +as it almost surpasses any verse of the entire poem; and besides would +have saved it from the imputation of having been written as a heathen +poet would have written it), the words "sacred calm" occur, which are +not unfrequent in Cowley: + + "Hark how the _sacred calm_ that breathes around + Bids every fierce tumultuous passion cease; + In still small accents whispering from the ground, + A grateful earnest of eternal peace."-- + + _Gray._ + + "They came, but a new spirit their hearts possest, + Scattering a _sacred calm_ through every breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. i. ad finem. + + "All earth-bred fears and sorrows take their flight; + In rushes joy divine, and hope, and rest; + A _sacred calm_ shines through his peaceful breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, does not Mr. Gray's _Ode to Spring_-- + + "Methinks I hear," &c. + +remind one a little of Cowley's "Anacreontic to the Grasshopper?" + + "To thee of all things upon earth, + Life is no longer than thy mirth. + Happy insect, happy thou, + _Dost neither age nor winter know_. + But when thou'st drunk, and danc'd, and sung + Thy fill, the flowery leaves among + (Voluptuous and wise withal, Epicurean animal!) + Sated with thy summer feast + Thou retir'st to endless rest." + +or the following lines + + "Their raptures now that wildly flow, + _No yesterday nor morrow know_; + Tis man alone that joy descries + With forward, and reverted eyes." + + Gray's _Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude_. + +In his notes to "Spring," Wakefield gets quite pathetic at the words-- + + "Poor moralist, and what art thou? + A solitary fly," &c. + +I have always believed that Gray was imitating Bishop Jeremy Taylor: + + "Marriage is the mother of the world, and preserves kingdoms, and + fills cities, and churches, and heaven itself. _Celibate, like the + fly in the heart of an apple_, dwells in a perpetual sweetness, + but sits alone, and is confined and dies in singularity."--Sermon + XVII. _The Marriage Ring_, Part I. + +If these random notes be interesting to any of your readers, they are +only a portion out of many I could send; and any one who doubts Gray's +partiality for Cowley may compare his second verse of the "Ode to +Spring" with Cowley's lines on "Solitude," found amongst his _Essays_, +especially verses 4. and 5.: + + "Here let me careless and unthoughtful lying + Hear the soft winds above me flying, + With all their wanton boughs dispute, + And the more tuneful birds to both replying, + Nor be my self too mute. + + "A silver stream shall roll his waters near; + Gilt with the sunbeams here and there, + On whose enamel'd bank I'll walk, + And see how prettily they smile, and hear + How prettily they talk." + +And-- + + "Soft-footed winds with tuneful voices there + Dance through the perfumed air, + There silver rivers through enamel'd meadows glide, + And golden trees enrich their side." + + _Translation of Pindar's Second Olympic Ode._ + +Or let him compare Gray's Latin and English verses upon the death of his +friend Mr. West with Cowley's upon the death of Mr. William Harvey and +Mr. Crashaw: + + "Hail, Bard Triumphant! and some care bestow + On us the Poets Militant below," &c. + + Cowley _on Mr. Crashaw_. + + "At Tu, sancta anima, et nostri non indiga luctus," &c. + + _Gray._ + +To these lines on Crashaw Pope is indebted for a sentiment which in his +hands assumes a very infidel form: + + "For modes of faith let senseless bigots fight; + His can't be wrong whose life is in the right." + +Crashaw had become a Roman Catholic, and was a canon of Loretto when he +died; but Cowley's Protestant feelings could not blind him to his worth, +and he says: + + "His _Faith_ perhaps in some nice tenets might + Be wrong; his _Life_, his soul were _in the Right_." + +How much the two last-mentioned poems of Gray's owe to Milton's "Lines +to Mansus" and his "Epitaphium Damonis," any one acquainted with them +may remember. I have only been alluding to Gray's reproductions of +Cowley. + + RT. + + Warmington. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.)--Allusion has been +made to the following stanza from "Chevy Chase:"-- + + "Against Sir Hugh Montgomery, + So right his shaft he set, + The grey goose wing that was thereon + In his heart's blood was wet." + +Having lately visited the sea-bathing town of Largs, my attention was +attracted to a building in the churchyard forming the present burying +ground. In this building, bearing date of erection 1636 by Sir Robert +Montgomery (ancestor of the present Earl of Eglinton), there is an +elaborately carved tomb of mason work, beneath which is a strongly +arched stone vault, where, besides the founder and others, tradition has +placed the remains of the brave Sir Hugh Montgomery. It is difficult to +reconcile this with the long prior date of the battle of Chevy Chase, +unless the vault, which has certainly a very ancient look, can be +substantiated to have existed before the above building. Taking matters +as they go, the remains of the warrior now appear in the most +humiliating condition--reduced to a hard, dry bony skeleton deprived of +legs and thighs, with the singular appearance of the skull having been +cloven (most likely) by a battle-axe, the skull being held together by +some plate or substance and rude stitching. The body is said to have +been originally embalmed, and enclosed in a lead coffin, which was +barbarously torn off some forty years ago, as sinks for fishing nets. +The building, tomb, and vault, taken altogether, present perhaps one of +the finest specimens of this species of architecture in Scotland, and +are additionally curious from the cone roof of the building being highly +ornamented with descriptive paintings in a tolerable state of +preservation. It is understood that some historical notices of the whole +have been privately printed by a Scotch antiquarian, of which some of +your learned readers may be aware, and may furnish more ample details +than the foregoing. + + G. + + Glasgow, Sept. 23, 1851. + +_Westminster Hall._--The following extract from the _Issue Roll of +Michaelmas Term_, 9 Hen. VII. 1493, may be interesting to some of your +readers, and will perhaps lead to a speculation on the nature of "the +disguisyings" alluded to:-- + + "To Richard Daland, for providing certain spectacles, or theatres, + commonly called scaffolds, in the great hall at Westminster, for + performance of 'the disguisyings,' exhibited to the people on the + night of the Epiphany, as appears by a book of particulars; paid + to his own hands, £28, 3_s._ 5-3/4_d._"--Devon's _Issue Roll_, + 516. + +Possibly the next entry, which is in Michaelmas in the following year, +of a payment of five marks yearly "to John Englissh, Edward Maye, +Richard Gibson, and John Hamond, 'lusoribus Regis' otherwise called in +English the players of the king's interludes, for their fees,"--has some +connexion with "the disguisyings." + + DESSAWDORF. + +_Meaning of "Log-ship."_--If you have a spare corner, can you grant it +to me for the origin of a word which describes an article used in every +sailing and steam vessel in the world, and yet perhaps not one sailor in +a thousand knows whence it is derived. I allude to the word "log-ship," +the name of the little wooden float (quadrant-shaped) by which, with a +line attached, the vessel's speed is ascertained. Before the invention +of the line with "knots" on it, a "chip," or floating-scrap, was thrown +overboard forward, and the "master," or whoever it might be, walked aft +at the rate which the vessel passed the "chip," judging of his pace from +experience. Hence the term "log-ship," or "chip," which is its true +name. + + A. L. + + West Indies, Aug. 11. 1851. + +_The Locusts of the New Testament._--While in Greece last year, I was +talking one day with a highly intelligent person on the English +translation of the New Testament. In the course of our conversation he +said, that in the third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel we had got an +entirely wrong meaning for the verse in which we are told the food of +St. John the Baptist, viz. "locusts and wild honey." I have not at this +moment a Testament in ancient Greek by me but in the Romaic the +paragraph alluded to runs thus: + + Verse 4. ... "Καὶ ἡ τροφὴ του ἦτον ἀκρίδες, καὶ μέλι ἄγριον." + +He said that the word ἀκρίδες, which we have translated +"locusts," means rather the "young and tender parts of plants." Since +that time I have looked into various Lexicons and Dictionaries both of +the ancient and modern Greek, but have been unable to find anything to +assist me in fixing this meaning. In that of Hedericus, it is thus +given: "Ἀκρὶς, ίδος, ἡ, Locusta." There is also, however, +"Ἄκρις, ιος, ἡ, Summitas, cacumen montis. Ab ἄκρος, +summus." Whether there may be any confusion between these two words I +know not; and here, possibly, I may be assisted by some obliging reader. +I have consulted, along with a clergyman who is well skilled in Greek +literature, and who is perfectly acquainted with Romaic, many +commentaries; but in every one we found this passage either entirely +passed over, or very unsatisfactorily noticed. + + Βορέας. + + + + +Queries. + + +COINAGE OF VABALATHUS, PRINCE OF PALMYRA. + +A great boon would be conferred on numismatists if some of your +correspondents would endeavour to elucidate the puzzling legend +sometimes found on coins of this prince. + +Vabalathus, or Vhabalathus, Athenodorus (which Mionnet and Akerman make +to be the Greek translation of Vabalathus), was the son of the +celebrated Zenobia, by an Arab prince, and was raised to the imperial +dignity by his mother. His sway extended over some parts of Syria and +Egypt, A.D. 266-273. + +Aurelian gave to Vabalathus a petty province of Armenia, of which he +made him king, though perhaps this arose from the mistake of Occo and +Salmasius (_in Vopisc._ p. 380.) in reading ΑΡΜΕΝΙΑϹ for +ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ on his Egyptian coins (Vide infra). + +His portrait appears on the reverse of coins of Aurelian, with the +legend VABALATHVS. VCRIMDR. Frölich and Corsini have unsuccessfully +attempted the interpretation of this word. Père Hardouin, considering, +VCRIMOR as the correct reading, divides it V. C. R. IM. OR., i.e. _Vice +Cæsaris Rector Imperii Orientis_; but, as Banduri rightly observes, the +existence of this legend is extremely doubtful, VCRIMDR being the +authorised one, and is undoubtedly so in a specimen in my cabinet; and +though the worthy Jesuit remarks, "Barbaram vocem aliquam arbitrari sub +hisce Notis Latinis latere, frigidum genus exceptionis est, ac +desperantium," I am inclined to think that the true interpretation is to +be sought in the Syriac, or some of the Oriental languages. + +I have two others in my collection, of the rude third brass of the +Egyptian mint: Obv. AURELIAN, &c. + + Rev. ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ + Ι . ΑΥ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΥ . Α . ΕΡ + +The first and three final letters of this last legend are very +indistinct, and I should much like a correct reading of it, as it is, I +believe, inedited. Other legends are given by Banduri: VABALATHVS . alii +REX . VCRIM . P.P.--VABALATVS . VCRIMOR .--VABALATHVS . ITER . IMP . +R.--IM . C . VHABALATHVS . AVG .--Α . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . +ΑΘΗΝΥ .—ΑΥ . Κ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΑΘΟϹ . +ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ. + + E. S. TAYLOR. + + +Minor Queries. + +195. _Chaucer, how pronounced._--What is, or was, the original +pronunciation of the name of the poet Chaucer? Was, or was not, the _ch_ +in his day a guttural? And was not the name _Hawker_ or _Howker_? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +196. _The Island of Ægina._--Having occasion to make some inquiry about +the island of Ægina, in Greece, I have been sadly perplexed by the +discrepancies of the modern authorities I have had an opportunity of +consulting. The principal of these relates to the site of the temple of +Jupiter, or Zeus Panhellenios, which Dr. Smith's _Classical Dictionary_, +and M'Culloch's and Fullerton's _Gazetteers_, place in the N.E. part of +the island; Fullerton, however, saying also that Mount St. Elias lies in +_the south part_, though he does not say that the temple is built on +that mount. But Blaikie's _Gazetteer_ says that the temple stands on +_Mount St. Elias_, which, according to Fullerton, is in the _south_. +With this agrees the map in the _Topographisch-historisch Atlas von +Hellas_, &c. von H. Kiepert, Berlin, 1846, which distinctly places the +"Tempel von Zeus Panhellenios" in the _south_ part of the island while +the temple in the _north-east_ is called "Tempel von Athena." The Atlas +to Anacharsis' _Travels_ places it also in the _south_. Which of these +authorities is right? or, can any of your readers tell me, from personal +knowledge, in what part of the island the said Temple of Zeus +Panhellenios really stands? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +197. _Statute of Limitations Abroad._--With so many foreigners +sojourning among us, I should be glad if you could, by throwing out a +hint in your paper, obtain from them what is the statute of limitations +of the several countries to which they belong. + + CURIOSUS. + +198. _Tapestry Story of Justinian._--There is a series of ancient +tapestries in Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, representing certain +events in the life of the emperor Justinian. One of these exhibits him +in the act of making his celebrated Digest of Law, surrounded by his +lawyers; in a second, he is manumitting slaves before the temple of +Janus, at the time, I presume, when he proclaimed the _eternal peace_, +which lasted two years; in a third, he appears crowned, on his knees, +swearing, it should seem, to observe the _Lex Romana_, which is held up +to him in an open book by two lictors; in the fourth, he is seen in a +wild country, with a hunting spear in his hand, coming, as it were by +surprise, and in great alarm, upon two hounds in the agonies of death. A +dish, from which they may have taken poison, lies on the foreground; and +a stream, which may possibly have been poisoned, gushes from a +neighbouring rock. Figures in the background seem to be slinking away +from the scene here represented. + +I shall be much obliged to any of your correspondents who can point out +to me the ancient author in whose writings the circumstance alluded to +in the last-mentioned picture is detailed. + + W. N. DARNELL. + +199. _Praed's Works._--Can any reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" inform me +if there be a collected edition of the works of Praed? Many of your +readers are familiar with his fugitive pieces published in Knight's +_Quarterly Magazine_, _The Etonian_, and other periodicals. And all, I +am sure, who are acquainted with him, would be glad to see his graceful +and elegant productions published in a collected form. + + K. S. + +200. _Folietani._--Who founded the order of _Folietani_, or leaf-eaters +(to the exclusion of all grain and meat)? where and when? What Pope +dissolved the order, and is the Bull extant? + + A. N. + +201. _Berlin Mean Time._--In the _Nautical Almanac_ the day is supposed +to commence at noon according to the custom of English astronomers. +Foreigners, however, ordinarily commence the astronomical day at +midnight, at least those of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain do. But +can you or any of your correspondents tell me whether it is from the +midnight succeeding, or the midnight preceding our noon of the same +number? For instance, taking the longitude of Berlin to be 0h 53m 35s .5 +East, would the present moment, which is September 17, 3h 40m 30s +Greenwich mean time, if expressed in Berlin mean time, be September 17, +16h 34m 5s .5, or would it be September 16, 16h 34m 5s .5? (I have +reckoned to days by ordinals, as, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, &c., without a 0-day, +which, however, the foreigners generally use, employing a cardinal +number, the hours minutes, and seconds being considered as a fraction to +be added.) I ask this question because so many things now are announced +in Berlin mean time. + + DX. + +202. _De Foe's House at Stoke Newington._--About the year 1722 De Foe +built here a large and handsome house for his own residence. Is it still +standing, and where? Many mansions in the neighbourhood appear to have +been erected about that time. + + SPERIEND. + +203. _Oxford Fellowships._-- + + "Upon this occasion I might repeat what I have observed before, + page 33. of these _Annals_, where the highest fellowships in + Oxford in 1534 or 1535 did not exceed 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._, nor the + lowest fall under 3_l._, and that was in Brazen Nose College; at + which time New College fellowships were but rated at 3_l._ 9_s._ + 4_d._, nor any of Magdalen fellowships (_except two for Yorkshire + that were obliged to go and preach in the countries abroad_) above + 3_l._ 15_s._ 4_d._, as may be found in Mr. Twine's MS."--Smith's + _Annals of Univ. Coll._ p. 372. + +Can any of your correspondents throw any light upon the parenthetical +clause printed in Italics? + + E. H. A. + +204. _Leonard Fell and Judge Fell._--Mr. Josiah Marsh, in _A popular +Life of George Fox_, 8vo., London, 1847, p. 83., mentions "Leonard Fell +of Becliff, a brother of the judge." + +I shall be obliged by a reference to the authority on which this +statement rests. George Fox frequently mentions both Leonard Fell and +Judge Fell; but I cannot find in his _Journal_ the slightest hint that +they were in any way connected. Fell is a common name in the north of +Lancashire. Leonard Fell was one of the preachers who sometimes +accompanied George Fox in his wanderings. Judge Fell was a staunch +member of the Church of England. + + LLEWELLYN. + +205. "_Cleanliness is next to Godliness._"--Will you, or one of your +correspondents, have the goodness to inform me whence is derived the +quotation "Cleanliness is next to Godliness?" + + A MUSSULMAN. + +206. _Davies Queries._--I shall feel much obliged by a correct +description of the monument erected to Sir John Davys, Davis, or Davies, +the celebrated lawyer and poet, in St. Martin's church, London, and +particularly of the arms, crest, and motto (if any) which are on it. + +I wish to know also the _correct blazon_ of the following coats of arms: +Thos. Davies, a fess inter three elephants' heads erazed; and Davis of +London, on a bend cotissed inter six battle-axes three daggers: there is +some mention of these arms in the Har. MSS., but I wish to know the +correct colours of the shields and their charges? + + LLAW GYFFES. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Poet referred to by Bacon._--To what poet does Bacon refer in the +following passage of the _Advancement of Learning_?-- + + "The invention of one of the late poets is proper, and doth well + enrich the ancient fiction: for he feigneth that at the end of the + thread or web of every man's life there was a little medal + containing the person's name, and that Time waited upon the + shears; and as soon as the thread was cut, caught the medals, and + carried them to the river of Lethe; and about the bank there were + many birds flying up and down that would get the medals, and carry + them in their beak a little while, and then let them fall into the + river," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 112. in B. Montagu's edition of Bacon. + + E. + + [We are inclined to think that Bacon's reference was to the + _Mirror for Magistrates_, and will probably be found in connexion + with the following lines: + + "A little wren in beake with laurell greene that flew, + Foreshew'd my dolefull death, as after all men knew."] + +_The Violin._--Which is the best work hitherto published on the history +and construction of the violin? + + MUSICUS. + + [Certainly the best work on the history of this favourite + instrument is the amusing little volume published by Mr. George + Dubourg, in 1836, under the title of _The Violin, being an Account + of that leading Instrument, and its most eminent Professors, from + its earliest Date to the present Time: including Hints to + Amateurs, &c._] + +_Sir Thomas Malory, Knt._--I should feel obliged if any of your +correspondents could give me any information relative to Sir Thomas +Malory, Knt., who translated into English _The most Ancient and Famous +History of the renowned Prince Arthur, King of Britaine_? Also any +particulars relative the original author of that work? + + M. P. S. + + Inverness. + + [Consult Herbert's edition of Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 59-61. 134.; Dibdin's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 241-255.; and Wharton's _History of English Poetry_.] + +_Archbishop of Spalatro._--In a note to the account of Chelsea College, +in Lysons' _Environs of London_, which contains a list of the first +fellows of the college, called by Archbishop Laud "Controversy College," +of which Dr. Sutcliffe was founder and provost, I read-- + + "Many vacancies having occurred by the promotion of some of the + fellows above-mentioned to bishoprics, and by the death of others, + King James, by his letters patent, Nov. 14, 1622, substituted + others in their room, among whom was _the celebrated Archbishop of + Splalato, then Dean of Windsor_." + +I wish to ask who this archbishop was? and should be glad to learn any +further particulars respecting him, especially as to whether he ever +acted as a bishop in England? _Splalato_ is, I presume, an error of the +press for _Spalatro_. + + W. FRAZER. + + [Mark Antony de Dominis, born about 1561, was educated among the + Jesuits, and was Bishop of Segni, and afterwards Archbishop of + Spalatro. Bishop Bedell met with him at Venice, and corrected, + previous to publication, his celebrated work _De Republica + Ecclesiastica_. When Bedell returned to England, Dominis came over + with him. Here he preached and wrote against the Romanists, and + the king gave him the Deanery of Windsor, the Mastership of the + Savoy, and the rich living of West Ildesley in Berkshire. De + Dominis's wish seems to have been to re-unite the Romish and + English churches. He returned to Rome in 1622, where he abjured + his errors, but on the discovery of a correspondence which he held + with some Protestants, he was thrown into prison, where he died in + 1625. He was a man of great abilities and learning, although + remarkable for a fickleness in religious matters. He was author of + a work entitled _De Radiis Visus et Lucis in Vitris Perspectivis + et Iride Tractatus_, and was the first person, according to Sir + Isaac Newton, who had explained the phenomena of the colours of + the rainbow. We are also indebted to him for Father Paul's + _History of the Council of Trent_, the manuscript of which he + procured for Archbishop Abbot.--See Chalmers's _Biographical + Dictionary_, _s.v._ DOMINIS.] + +_Play of "The Spaniards in Peru."--John Heywood._--Who was the author of +_The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, expresst by Instrumentall and +Vocall Musick, and by Art of Perspective in Scenes_, &c., said to have +been represented in the Cock Pit, in Drury Lane, at three in the +afternoon punctually, 1658? Thus it stands in Jacob, but is not +mentioned by Langbaine. The author of the _British Theatre_, however, +mentions a remarkable circumstance in regard to it, which is, that +Oliver Cromwell, who had prohibited all theatrical representations, not +only allowed this piece to be performed, but even himself actually read +and approved of it. + +Also, what are the exact dates of the birth and death of John Heywood, +in Henry VIII.'s time? + + JAMES F. HASKINS. + + [Sir William Davenant was the author of _The Spaniards in Peru_, + which was subsequently incorporated in his piece, _Playhouse to + be Let_. See his _Works_, fol. 1673, p. 103.; also Genest's + _Account of the English Stage_, vol. i. p. 38.] + +_Selion._--I have frequently met with the word "selion" in deeds +relating to property in various parts of the Isle of Axholme, co. +Lincoln. The term is used in the description of property; for instance, +"All that _selion_ piece or parcel of land situate, &c." It does not +signify any particular quantity, for I have known it applied to fields +of all sizes, from five acres down to a quarter of an acre. Will some of +your numerous correspondents furnish an explanation of the word, and +from whence derived? + + L. L. L. + + North Lincolnshire. + + [Selion of land, or _selio terræ_, is derived from the French + _seillon_, a ridge of land, or ground arising between two furrows, + and contains no certain quantity, but sometimes more or less. + Therefore Crompton says, that a selion of land cannot be in + demand, because it is a thing uncertain.] + + + + +Replies. + + +PROPHECIES OF NOSTRADAMUS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140.) + +Mr. H. C. DE ST. CROIX may be assured that the first edition of the +Prophecies of Nostradamus is not only in the National Library, but in +several others, both in Paris and elsewhere. It is now, however, very +rare, though until lately little valued; for at the Duc de la Vallière's +sale, in 1783, it produced no more than seven livres ten sols,--not +quite seven shillings. De Bure makes no mention of it: nor was it in the +library of M. Gaignat, or various other collectors; so little sought for +was it then. Printed at Lyons "chès Macé Bonhomme, M:D:L:V.," it thus +closes--"Achevé d'imprimer le iiii iour de Mai, M.D.L.V." It is a small +octavo of 46 leaves, as we learn from Brunet, and was republished the +following year at Avignon, still limited to four centuries; nor was a +complete edition, which extended to ten centuries, with two imperfect +ones, published till 1568, at Troyes (en Champagne), in 8vo. Numerous +editions succeeded, in which it is well known that every intervenient +occurrence of moment was sure to be introduced, always preceded by the +date of impression, so as to establish the claim of prophecy. I have +before me that of J. Janson, Amsterdam, 1668, 12mo., which is usually +associated with the Elzevir collection of works, though not proceeding +from the family's press either in Leyden or Amsterdam. Several attempts +at elucidating these pretended prophecies have been made, such as +_Commentaires sur les Centuries de Nostradamus_, par Charigny, 1596, +8vo.; _La Clef de Nostradamus_, 1710, 12mo.; and one so late as 1806, by +Théodore Bouys, 8vo. The distich "Nostra damus," &c. was the playful +composition, according to La Monnoye, of the celebrated Genevan reformer +Théodore de Béze. By others it is attributed to the poet Jodelle: but +the author is still uncertain. Nostradamus, born in Provence, died in +July, 1566, aged sixty-eight. His second son published the Lives of the +Poets of his native province in 1575, 8vo. + +Among those impositions on public credulity, one of the most famous is +that referred to by Bacon, in his twenty-fifth Essay, and which he, as +was then the prevalent belief, attributed to the astronomer John Müller, +usually known as Regiomontanus, of the fifteenth century, and so +denominated by Bacon. Its first application was to the irruption of the +French king, Charles VIII., into Naples, in 1488, when the impetuosity +of the invasion was characterised by the epithet, ever since so well +sustained, of "La Furia Francese." Again, in 1588 it was interpreted as +predictive of the Spanish attack on England by the misnomed "Invincible +Armada;" and the English Revolution of 1688 was similarly presumed to +have been foretold by it, which always referred to the special year +_eighty-eight_ of each succeeding century; while the line expressive of +the century was correspondingly adjusted in the text. It was thus made +applicable to the great French Revolution, of which the unmistakeable +elements were laid in 1788, by the royal edict convoking the +States-General for the ensuing year, when it burst forth with dread +explosion. Its prediction, with the sole alteration of the century from +the original lines, was then thus expressed:-- + + "Post mille expletos a partu Virginis annos, + Et septingentos rursus ab orbe datos + Octogessimus octavus mirabilis annus + Ingruet: is secum tristia fata trahet. + + "Si non hoc anno totus malus occidet orbis + Si non in nihilum terra fretumque ruant, + Cuncta tamen mundi sursum ibunt atque deorsum + Imperia; et luctus undique grandis erit." + +Though long ascribed to Regiomontanus, whose death preceded its first +appearance, and therefore made its application to posterior events +appear prophetic, the real author, according to the astronomer Delambre, +was a German named Bruschius, of the sixteenth century, who pretended to +have discovered it on a tomb (we may suppose that of Regiomontanus) in +Bohemia, that learned man's country. Many other similar prophecies have +deluded the world, of which the most celebrated were those of the +Englishman Merlin. An early edition, printed in 1528, fetched sixteen +guineas in 1812 at the Roxburgh sale, though preceded by three or four. +It is in French, and at Gaignat's sale, in 1769, brought only thirty-one +livres. It was No. 2239. of the Catalogue. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + + +BOROUGH-ENGLISH. + +(Vol. iv., p. 133.) + +Since my former communication I have collected the following list of +places where this custom prevails:-- + +In Surrey: + + Battersea.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. p. 30. + + Wimbledon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Lysons' _Environs_, + vol. i. p. 523. + + Streatham (Manor of Leigham Court).--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. + p. 481. + + Richmond, Ham, Peterham.--Lysons' _Environs_. + + Croydon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Clement _v._ + Scudamore, 6 _Mod. Rep._ 102.; Steinman's _Croydon_, p. 9. + +In Essex: + + Maldon.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Suffolk: + + Lavenham.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Gloucestershire: + + The county of the city of Gloucester.--_1st Report of Real + Property Commissioners_, 1839, app. 98. + +In Middlesex: + + Islington (Manor of St. John of Jerusalem).--Nelson's _Islington_. + + Isleworth.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. iii. p. 96. + +In Cornwall: + + Clymesloud.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, p. 407. + +In Nottinghamshire: + + Southwell.--_Comp. Cop._ 506.; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Northamptonshire: + + Brigstock.--_Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. ii. p. 201. + +In Warwickshire: + + Balshall.--_Pat. 20 R. 2. m. 2._; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, + p. 629. + +In Lincolnshire: + + Stamford.--_Camd. Brit._ tit. _Lincolnshire_; _Blount's Tenures_ + by Beckwith, p. 416. + +There are some variances in the custom in these several places; the +particulars would be too long for an article in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" but +the principle of descent to the youngest son prevails in all. + +It would be very desirable to complete this list as far as can be done, +and I hope some others of your correspondents will give their aid to do +it. + +The origin of this custom, so contrary to the general law of descent by +the common law, is also a subject worthy of more investigation than it +has yet received. What is stated on the subject in the law books is very +unsatisfactory. It might tend to throw some light on this point if any +of your correspondents would communicate information as to any nations +or tribes where the law of descent to the youngest son prevails, or did +prevail, according to ancient or still existing custom. + +I have also received the following list of places where the custom of +Borough-English prevails, from Charles Sandys, Esq., F.S.A., of +Canterbury. It is taken from notes to the third edition of Robinson's +valuable work on Gavelkind, p. 391. note _a._, and p. 393. n. _c._ This +list had escaped me, as my edition of Robinson is an old one. + + "It appears by communications from the stewards to the late Mr. + Sawkins, that in the following manors, lands are descendible after + the custom of Borough-English:-- + + "Middlesex. + + St. John of Jerusalem, in Islington + Sutton Court + + "Surrey. + + Weston Gumshall, in Albury + Colley, in Reigate + Sutton next Woking, in Woking + Little Bookham, in Little Bookham and Effingham + Wotton, Abinger, Paddington, Paddington Pembroke: in the parishes + of Wotton, Abinger, Ewhurst, and Cranley + Gumshall Tower Hill, Gumshall Netley; Shere Vachery, and Cranley; + Shere Eborum: in the parishes of Shere Ewhurst and Cranley + Dunsford, in the parish of Wandsworth + Compton Westbury + Brockham, in Betchworth + + "Essex. + + Boxted Hall + + "Sussex. + + Battell, a small part of the freehold and copyhold lands in + Robertsbridge + Somersham, with the Soke, the copyhold lands in Alconbury, with + Weston Huntingdonshire. + + "It appears by the communications from the stewards of the late + Mr. Sawkins, that his customary descent is extended to younger + brothers in the manors of-- + + "Surrey. + + Dorking, in Dorking and Capel-Milton and Westcott, in the parishes + of Dorking Capel and Ockley + + "To all collateral males in the manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Isleworth Syon + Ealing, otherwise Zealing + Acton + + "To females, as well as males, lineal and collateral, in the + manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Fulham + Wimbledon, including Putney, Mortlake, Rochampton, and Sheen + + "Surrey. + + Battersea and Wandsworth + Downe + Barnes + Richmond + + "Nottinghamshire. + + Southwell + + "Hertfordshire. + + Much Hadham." + + G. R. C. + + Southwark, Sept. 24, 1851. + +The accompanying extract is from the History of the borough of Stafford, +in White's _Directory and Gazetteer of Staffordshire_, which is just +published:-- + + "The ancient custom of _Borough-English_ formerly prevailed here, + by which the youngest son succeeded to property, as heir-at-law, + in preference to the elder children. The origin of this part of + our common law is not very well ascertained, but it is generally + supposed to have arisen from the ancient system of _vassalage_, + which gave the lord of the manor certain rights over his _vassal's + bride_, and thus rendered the legitimacy of the eldest born + uncertain; or perhaps it may have originated in the natural + presumption, that the youngest child was least capable of + providing for itself." + + F. J. M. + + +PASSAGE IN VIRGIL. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 88.) + +Permit me to make a few remarks on the passage of Virgil, "Viridesque +secant," &c., and its attempted elucidation, Vol. iv., pp. 88, 89. + +It is stated that the translation is not correct, and also that Servius +was a very illiterate, ignorant, and narrow-minded man, &c. + +In the short notice of Servius and his works in the _Penny Cyclopædia_, +we have a very different character of him. Which is to be believed, for +both cannot be right? + +Harles, in his _Introd. in Notitiam Lit. Rom._, speaks thus of the +_Commentaries of Servius_: + + "Quæ in libris Virgilii sub nomine Servii circumferuntur Scholia, + eorum minima pars pertinet ad illum; sed farrago est ex + antiquioribus commentariis Cornuti, Donati, &c., et aliorum; immo + vero ex recentioris ætatis interpretibus multa adjecta sunt et + interpolata." + +Thus condemning the interpolations, but leaving intact the matter really +belonging to Servius. + +For a refutation of the impertinent comparison with a Yorkshire hedge +schoolmaster, and the erroneous appreciation of the _Commentaries_, I +must refer to the above-mentioned notice in the _Penny Cyclopædia_. + +In the next place, with respect to the meaning of the passage:--the word +_seco_, when applied to the movements of ships, is usually rendered by +"sulco;" _e.g._: + + "Jamque fretum Minyæ Pegasæâ puppe secabant." + + Ovid, _Met._ vii. 1. + +See also lib. xi. 479. "Travel along" would be insufficient to express +the meaning in these instances; and _sulco_ agrees with the modern +phrase, "ploughing the deep," &c. + +Moreover, I submit that the interpretation of _seco_ is governed by the +context, inasmuch as its application to both land and water travelling +demands a different construction in the two cases. If this be allowed, +then comparison cannot be made between the line in question and "viam +secat ad naves;" for this refers to Æneas's leaving the infernals, after +his visit there; or "secuit sub nubibus arcum," which refers to cleaving +the air. Heyne's note is "secuit ... arcum; secando aerem fecit arcum; +incessit per arcum." + +The clearness or muddiness of the river has no connexion with the +translation; for the words "placido æquore" clearly and definitely +express the state of the _surface_ of the river, and it is such as is +required to favour the reflection of the trees, through whose images the +ships ploughed their way; and, to make the sense perfect, the words +"variis teguntur arboribus" are all that is required as showing the +position of the trees with respect to the river. + + P.S. I have not alluded to the special meaning of active verbs + with accusative (Qy. objective) cases after them, &c. + + ת.א. + +The Query of your correspondent ERYX has elicited two conflicting +opinions as to the meaning of the words "Viridesque secant placido +æquore silvas." Perhaps the following suggestion may help to set the +matter at rest. + +If by these words is meant the cleaving of the shadows on the water, how +could they, with any propriety, be applied to a voyage that was +prosecuted during the darkness of the night as well as by the light of +day? + + "Olli remigio _noctemque_ diemque fatigant." + + W. B. R. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ell-rake_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--VASHTI inquires the derivation of +_ell-rake_ or _hell-rake_. In this district (the Cotswolds) we generally +suppose the derivation to be from the rake being an ell in width. In the +vale, however (_i.e._ about Tewkesbury), they are called _heel-rakes_, +from their being drawn at the heel of the person using them, instead of +being used in front, as rakes ordinarily are. + + C. H. N. + + Cirencester. + +_Heel-rake_, _Ell-rake_, or _Hell-rake_, is a large rake, which upon +being drawn along the ground the teeth run close to the heels of the +person drawing it. This has given it the name of _heel-rake_, its right +name. In Shropshire (and probably in other counties also) this has +become contracted into _ell-rake_. + + SALOPIAN. + +_Freedom from Serpents_ (Vol. iii., p. 490.).--Ireland is not the only +country supposed to be inimical to reptiles. I may perhaps be allowed to +add to the "Note" of your correspondent as to Ireland, that the Maltese +declare that St. Paul after his shipwreck cursed all the venomous +reptiles of the island, and banished them for ever, just as St. Patrick +is said to have afterwards treated those of his favourite isle. Whatever +be the cause of it, the fact is alleged by travellers to be certain, +that there are _no venomous animals in Malta_. "They assured us" (says +Brydone in his _Tour through Sicily and Malta_, vol. ii. p. 35.) "that +vipers have been brought from Sicily, and died almost immediately on +their arrival." + +Although perhaps more strictly coming under the head of folk lore, I may +here advert to the traditions found in several parts of England, that +venomous reptiles were banished by saints who came to live there. I have +read that Keynsham--the hermitage of Keynes, a Cambrian lady, A.D. +490--was infested with serpents, which were converted by her prayers +into the "Serpent-stones"--the _Cornua Ammonis_--that now cover the +land. A similar story is told at Whitby, where these fine fossils of the +Lias are called "St. Hilda's Serpent-stones;" and so, too, St. Godric, +the famous hermit of Finchale, near Durham, is said to have destroyed +the native race of serpents. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Nao, for Naw, for Ship_ (Vol. iv., pp. 28. 214.).--I am obliged to +GOMER for his reference to Davies. In the cited passages from Taliesin +and Meigant, _heb naw_ means without being able to swim. The word _nawv_ +drops its final letter in order to furnish the rhyme. That appears, not +only from the rejection of the word by all lexicographers, but from one +of the manuscripts of Meigant, which actually writes it _nawv_. I esteem +Davies's translation to be Daviesian. + +By way of a gentle pull at the torques, I will observe, that I am not in +the habit of proving that people "did _not_ possess" a thing, but of +inquiring for the evidence that they did. And when I find that tattooed +and nearly naked people used coracles, and do not find that they used +anything grander, I am led to suspect they did not. + +My answer to the Query, whether it be probable that British warriors +went over to Gaul in coracles is, "Yes, highly so." Rude canoes of +various sorts convey the expeditions of savage islanders in all seas. +And the coracle rendered the Scots of Erin formidable to the Roman +shores of Gaul and Britain. I do not see that the Dorsetshire folk being +"water-dwellers" (if so be they were such) proved them to have used +proper ships, any more than their being "water-drinkers" would prove +them to have used glasses or silver tankards. + +No doubt the name ναῦς is of the remotest heroic antiquity, and +the first osier bark covered with hides, or even the first excavated +alder trunk, may have been so termed; in connexion with the verbal form +_nao_, contract. _no_, _nas_, pret. _navi_, to float or swim. But to +"advance that opinion" as to Britain, because two revolted Roman +subjects in this province used the word in the sixth and seventh +centuries after Christ, would be late and tardy proof of the fact; even +supposing that the two bards in question had made use of such a noun, +which I dispute. + + A. N. + + [This communication should have preceded that in No. 99., p. 214.] + +_De Grammont_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--On the united authority of messieurs +Auger and Renouard, editors of the works of le comte Antoine Hamilton, +it may be affirmed that there is no edition of the _Mémoires du comte de +Grammont_ anterior to that of 1713. M. Renouard thus expresses himself: +"En 1713 parurent les _Mémoires_, sans nom d'auteur, en un vol. in-12, +imprimé en Hollande sous la date de Cologne." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + +_The Termination "-ship"_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The termination "-ship" +is the Anglo-Saxon _scipe_, _scype_, from verb _scipan_, to create, +form; and hence as a termination of nouns denotes _form_, _condition_, +_office_, _dignity_. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashbey de la Zouch. + +_The Five Fingers_ (Vol. iv., pp. 150. 193.).--With something like +compunction for lavishing on Macrobius and his prosy compeers so many +precious hours of a life that is waning fast, permit me to refer you to +his _Saturnalia_, vii. 13., ed. Gryph. 1560, p. 722., for the nursery +names of the five fingers. They nearly coincide with those still +denoting those useful implements in one of the Low-Norman isles, to wit, +_Gros det_, _ari det (hari det?)_, _longuedon_ or _mousqueton_, _Jean +des sceas_, _courtelas_. The said _Jean des sceas_ is, of course, "John +of the Seals," the "annularis" or ring-finger of Macrobius and the +Anglican Office-Book. Among the Hebrews אצבע אלהים, "the +finger of God," denoted His power; and it was the forefinger, among the +gods of Greece and Italy, which wore the ring, the emblem of divine +supremacy. + + G. M. + +_Marriages within ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--The beautiful +old church of St. John in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, is in ruins. +Having in 1850 asked the old man who points out its battered beauties, +why there were still books in the reading desks, he informed me that +marriages and funeral services were still performed there. This, +however, is my only authority on the subject. + + SELEUCUS. + +_Death of Cervantes_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--No doubt now exists that the +death of Cervantes occurred on the 23rd of April, 1616, and not the 20th +of that month, which Smollett represents as the received date. In the +Spanish Academy's edition, the magnificent one of 1780, as well as in +that of 1797, it is so affirmed. In the former we read that on the 18th +he received the sacrament of extreme unction with great calmness of +spirit. It then adds: + + "Igual serenidad mantuvo haste el último punto de la vida. Otorgó + testamento dexando por albaceas á su muger Doña Catalina de + Salazar, y al Licenciado Francisco Nuñez, que vivia en la misma + casa: mandó que le sepultasen en las Monjas Trinitarias; y murió á + 23 del expresado mes de Abril, de edad de 68 años, 6 meses, y 14 + dias." + +The coincidence, however, of the renowned Spaniard's death with that of +our Shakspeare, who certainly died apparently on the same day, the 23rd +of April, 1616, on which, at a singularity, Mr. Frere, with others, +dwells, wholly fails; for, in fact, that day in Spain corresponded not +with the 23rd, but the 13th, in England. It is forgotten that the +Gregorian or Reformed Calendar was then adopted in Spain, and that +between it and the unreformed style of England a difference in that +century existed of ten days:--thus, the execution of Charles I., in our +writers, and in the Book of Common Prayer, is always dated on the 30th +of January, while on the continent it is represented as on the 9th of +February. The Reformed Calendar was adopted and promulgated by Pope +Gregory XIII. in 1582, while rejected by England, though acknowledged to +be correct, until 1751, because coming from Rome. This disgraceful +submission to prejudice in repudiation of a demonstrated scientific +truth, practically sanctioned by a Napier, a Newton, a Halley, &c., is +still pursued in the Greek church and Russian empire, where the present +day, the 17th of September, is the 5th. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + +_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Although +unable to point out the source whence Jeremy Taylor derived the story to +which A. TR. alludes, I may be excused for referring your correspondent +to _Don Quixote_, Part II. book III. chap. xiii., where the story, +somewhat amplified, is given; but with this difference, that the staff +is not broken by the injured person, but by Signor Don Sancho Panza, +Governor of Barataria, before whom the case is brought for adjudication. +That the story was founded on an older one may be well inferred, from +its being stated that "Sancho had heard such a story told by the curate +of his village; and his memory was so tenacious, in retaining everything +he wanted to remember, that there was not such another in the whole +island." + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Gray's Obligations to Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 204.).--I perfectly +agree with RT. in his admiration for Gray; but, to my shame be it +spoken, am not very well read in Jeremy Taylor. RT. would oblige me, as +well as other admirers of "the sweet Lyrist of Peter-house," by +furnishing an example or two of the latter's obligations to the bishop. + +RT. will excuse me if I fail to perceive any great degree of similarity +between his two last quoted passages from Gray and those from Cowley, +which he adduces as parallel. This refers especially to the last +instance, in which I trace scarcely any similarity beyond that of a +place of education and a river being commemorated in each. Would RT. +supply us with a few more examples of borrowing from Cowley? + +With RT.'s wish for a new edition of Gray, "with the parallel passages +annexed," I cordially coincide. However, failing this new edition, he +will allow me to recommend to his notice (if indeed he has not seen it) +the Eton edition of the poet, with introductory stanzas of great +elegance and beauty, by another of Eton's bards, the Rev. J. Moultrie, +author of that most pathetic little poem "My Brother's Grave." + + K. S. + +_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--An impression of the stamp +on the bread used in the Eucharist in Greece (mentioned in the above +Note) may be seen in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. It was cut off a loaf +in the remarkable monastery of Megaspelion in the Morea, by + + W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Sacre Cheveux_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--This is a literal translation into +heraldic language of the name of the family which uses it for a motto: +_Halifax_ = _holy-hair_, from the Anglo Saxon _hali_, or _halig_, and +_fax_ or _feax_. Tradition connects the origin of the Yorkshire town of +that name with a head of singular length and beauty of hair, found at or +near the place where the Halifax gibbet used to stand. + + J. EASTWOOD. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 210.).--E. V. has entirely overlooked +the very material circumstance that Flatman's poem was cited in your +periodical (Vol. iv., p. 132.) from a book published in 1688, +twenty-four years before the date he assigns to the composition of +Pope's ode. Flatman died 8th December, 1688, and Pope was born 22d May, +1688; so that he was little more than six months old at the time of +Flatman's death. I have now before me the 4th edition of Flatman's +_Poems and Songs_, London, 8vo., 1686; "A Thought of Death" occurs at p. +55. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Linteamina and Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In Goar's _Rituale +Græcorum_, the most complete account is given of the ancient vestments +of the priesthood, from which, or rather from the same source, those of +the Romish and English churches have been derived. The names of these +vestments are στοιχάριον, ὡραρίον, +ἐπιμανίκια, ἐπιτραχήλιον, ζώνη, +ὑπογονάτιον, φελώνιον, and ἐπιγονάτιον. + +These were put on and taken off in the presence of the congregation, and +a form of prayer appropriate to each vestment was repeated +(μυστικῶς) by the priest and deacon. In the notes of Goar and the +accompanying plates, ample information is afforded of the symbolic +meaning of these garments, both in respect of form and colour. + +This meaning, lost to considerable extent by the Romish church, is +recoverable by reference to the Greek rituals, which have retained, +probably with little alteration, the ancient services of the early +Christians. An explanation will therein be found of other matters +besides linteamina and surplices by those who are curious in rituology, +as of the δίσκον σφραγίδος, λόγχη, ἁστηρίσκον, κάλυμμα, ἀέρα, +ἀπόλυσις, ἱερατεῖον, ναὸν, βῆμα, "σοφία, ὀρθοί," εἰλητόν, ῥιπιδίον, +ζεόν, ζέσις, &c. + + T. J. BUCKTON. + + Lichfield. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +By all who are interested in the study of early German Poetry and +Literature, the name of Von der Hagen must be gratefully remembered for +the many curious and valuable works which he has published, sometimes +under his sole editorship, at others, in conjunction with Busching, +Primisser, &c. But far exceeding in interest any which he has before +given to the press, especially to English readers, is one which we +received some time since from Messrs. Williams and Norgate, but have +only recently had an opportunity of examining. It is in three thick and +closely printed octavos, and is entitled _Gesammtabentheuer: Hundert +altdeutsche Erzählungen, Ritter-und Pfaffen-Mären, Stadt-und +Dorfgeschichten, Schwänke, Wundersagen und Legenden, meist zum erstenmal +gedruckt_, &c. This collection embraces, as the title accurately enough +describes, a hundred early German Stories of every possible kind, +Stories of Knights and Friars, of Cities and Villages, Merry Jests, +Tales of Wonder, and Legends; and resembles in many respects the popular +collections of French Fabliaux edited by Barbazan, Le Grand d'Aussy, &c. +These are for the most part now printed for the first time; and besides +the illustrations they afford of that love of humour, a characteristic +of the German mind the existence of which it has been too much the +fashion to deny, and to which we owe _Owlglas_ and the _Schildburger_, +these "hundred merry Tales" are of no small importance for the light +they throw upon the history of Fiction--a subject which, in spite of the +labour bestowed upon it by Dunlop, Walter Scott, Palgrave, and +Keightley, is yet very far from being fully developed. + +The new part of _The Traveller's Library_ contains Mr. Macaulay's +brilliant essays on Ranke's _History of the Popes_, and Gladstone _On +Church and State_. + +Messrs. Longman having become the sole proprietors of that valuable +series of works _The Cabinet Cyclopædia_, have announced a re-issue of +them at the reduced price of three shillings and sixpence per volume, +instead of six shillings, at which they were originally published. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. +29. of Books Old and New; Sotheran, Son and Draper's (Tower Street, +Eastcheap) Book Reporter No. 3. Miscellaneous Catalogue of Old and New +Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Seventy-third Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 34. of Oriental +Literature, &c. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to. + +BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK. + +TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW. + +MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539. + +OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABULÆ COMICÆ. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM. + +PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I. + +ATHENÆUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. parts CCL., CCLI. + +WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.-XLV. + +RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR ÜBER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L. +HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833. + +RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) ÜBER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN. +Bonn, 1833. + +No. 3. of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas +Johnson. London, 1790. + +HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624. + +THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. +8vo. + +BOVILLUS DE ANIMÆ IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to. + +KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I. THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol III. +Pickering. + + [Star symbol] Letters stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices To Correspondents. + +MR. HALLAM'S _Letter did not reach us in time for publication this week; +and is consequently, with several other valuable communications, +unavoidably postponed until our next Number._ + +T. C. S. _Will our correspondent oblige us with a copy of the_ "Poetical +Coincidences" _to which he refers? It shall have immediate attention._ + +J. C. W. _We are not sure what our correspondent means by Chaucer +Forgery. Is he aware of the passages from his_ "House of Fame," _printed +in our 80th Number?_ + +R. S. T., _whose Query respecting an_ "Early German Virgil" _appeared +in_ No. 91. p. 57., _is requested to favour us with his address._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_The Eighth Climate--A little Bird +told me--Bummaree--Proverb of James I.--Stanzas in Childe +Harold--Parish Registers--Sanford's Descensus--Printing--Matthew +Paris's Historia Minor--North Side of Churchyards--Down +on the Nail--Michaelmas Goose--Passage in George Herbert--Passage +from Virgil--Curfew--Grimsdyke--Byron's Son of the Morning--Fides +Carbonaria--Ancient Language of Egypt--Wyle Cop--Conquest of +Scotland--Anagrams--Suicides' Graves--Borough-English--Pope's Honest +Factor--Covine--Jewel's Works--Medical Use of Pigeons--Post +Pascha--Linteamina and Surplices--Shakspeare's Antony and +Cleopatra--Termination "-ship"--King's Way, Wilts--Stickle and +Dray--Harris, Painter in Water Colours--Finkle--Equestrian Statue of +Elizabeth--Going the whole Hog--Meaning of Nervous--Winifreda--The +Willow Garland--Brother Johnathan--Expressions in Milton, &c._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + + + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, + with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + Age £ _s._ _d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY. M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +Just Published, Vols. III. and IV., 8vo. price 28_s._ cloth. + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND: with Sketches of their Lives and + Miscellaneous Notices connected with the Court at Westminster from + the time of the Conquest. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the Inner + Temple. + + Lately published, Vols. I. and II. in 8vo, price 28_s._ cloth. + + "We spoke fully of the plan of this very able work on the + appearance of the first and second volumes. The portion before us + is in no respect inferior to that which was first published. It is + now manifest that, quite apart from any biographical interest + belonging to it, the work, in its complete state, will supply a + regular and progressive account of English Legal institutions, + such as exists in no other equally accessible form in our + language.... So completed, it will be a work of the highest + merit--original in research, careful and conscientious in detail, + bringing forward much that is new in connexion with the subject, + correcting much that was doubtful in previous writers who have + handled it, and supplying the best general view of our strictly + legal history which any historian or jurist has yet aimed or + attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +NEW EDITION OF SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS. + + In October will be published, a New Edition, in 3 vols. 8vo. + + HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest Period to the + Norman Conquest. By SHARON TURNER, F.A.S and R.A.S.L.; Author of + "Sacred History of the World," &c. Seventh Edition. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +This day is published, + + THE LILY AND THE BEE; An APOLOGUE of the CRYSTAL PALACE. By SAMUEL + WARREN, F.R.S., Author of "Ten Thousand a-Year," &c. In small 8vo. + price 5_s._ + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Next week will be published, + + MEMOIRS and ADVENTURES of SIR JOHN HEPBURN, KNIGHT. Colonel of the + Scots Brigade in Sweden, Governor of Munich, and Marshal of France + under Louis XIII. By JAMES GRANT. Esq., author of "Memoirs of + Kirkaldy of Grange," &c. in 1 vol. post 8vo. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Just published, in one volume. 4to. with numerous Illustrations, price +One Guinea, + + ICONOGRAPHY OF THE WEST FRONT OF WELLS CATHEDRAL. With an Appendix + on the Sculptures of other Mediæval Churches in England. By + CHARLES ROBERT COCKERELL, R.A., Professor of Architecture in the + Royal Academy of London, D.C.L. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in + addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family + Use, a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the + Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges + connected with the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various + Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the + Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of the + Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added + an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on + Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; + mostly compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will + contain a Diary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full + directions for Public Worship for every day in the year, with + blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other + Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the order of their + respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American + Churches; and Particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek + Churches; Together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects + in England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the + Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of + Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, Courts + of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a + variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most + complete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + Periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + September, 1851. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186, Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 4. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +101, October 4, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38701-0.txt or 38701-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/7/0/38701/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/38701-0.zip b/38701-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..98ebcca --- /dev/null +++ b/38701-0.zip diff --git a/38701-8.txt b/38701-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..72f0007 --- /dev/null +++ b/38701-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2631 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, +October 4, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, October 4, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38701] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts, or _emphasis_ in Greek. A list of volumes and pages in +"Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 101. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Battle of Brunanburgh, by Dr. Thurnam 249 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 250 + + Accuracy Of Printing 250 + + Folk Lore:--Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned--Tom + Chipperfeild--East Norfolk Folk Lore 251 + + Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, by James Crossley 251 + + Cowley and Gray, No. 11. 252 + + Minor Notes:--Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery--Westminster + Hall--Meaning of "Log-ship"--Locusts of the New Testament 254 + + QUERIES:-- + + Coinage of Vabalathus, Prince of Palmyra, by the Rev. + E. S. Taylor 255 + + Minor Queries:--Chaucer, how pronounced--The Island of + gina--Statute of Limitations Abroad--Tapestry Story of + Justinian--Praed's Works--Folietani--Berlin Mean + Time--Defoe's House at Stoke Newington--Oxford + Fellowships--Leonard Fell and Judge Fell--"Cleanliness + is next to Godliness"--Davies Queries 255 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Poet referred to by Bacon--The + Violin--Sir Thomas Malory, Knt.--Archbishop of + Spalatro--Play of "The Spaniards in Peru"--Selion 257 + + REPLIES:-- + + Prophecies of Nostradamus 258 + + Borough-English 259 + + Passage in Virgil 260 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ell-rake--Freedom from + Serpents--Nao, for Naw, for Ship--De Grammont--The + Termination "-ship"--The Five Fingers--Marriages within + ruined Churches--Death of Cervantes--Story referred to + by Jeremy Taylor--Gray's Obligations to Jeremy + Taylor--Blessing by the Hand--Sacre Cheveux--Pope and + Flatman--Linteamina and Surplices 260 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 263 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 263 + + Notices to Correspondents 263 + + Advertisements 264 + + + + +Notes. + + +BATTLE OF BRUNANBURGH. + +It is remarkable that the site of this great battle, the effects of +which were so important to the Anglo-Saxon power, remains to this day +undetermined. + +The several chroniclers who describe it give various names to the +locality, though modern authors generally adopt the name of Brunanburgh +or "Town of the Fountains." Not however to insist on such variations in +the name as Brunandune, Bruneberik, Bruneford, and Brumby, Simeon of +Durham describes the battle as occurring at a place named Wendune, +otherwise Weondune, to which moreover he assigns the further name of +Ethrunnanwerch. The locality has been sought for in most improbable +places,--in Northumberland and Cheshire. There can, however, be little +or no doubt that this Waterloo of the Anglo-Saxons, as it has been +called, is really to be found in the immediate neighbourhood of the +Humber; though, whether on the northern or southern bank of that river +seems quite uncertain: so far at least as the evidence hitherto adduced +affords us the means of judging. In the Winchester volume of the British +Archological Association, MR. HESLEDEN states his belief that he has +traced the site of this battle on the south of the Humber, near Barton +in Lincolnshire; but the evidence on which he grounds this opinion, +whilst demanding for this locality further consideration, seems to me +far from conclusive. MR. HESLEDEN describes some curious earth-works in +this situation, and thinks he has discovered the site of Anlaff's camp +at Barrow, and that of Athelstan at Burnham (formerly, as he informs us, +written "Brunnum"), where is an eminence called "Black Hold," which he +thinks was the actual seat of the battle. At Barrow are places called +"_Barrow Bogs_" and "_Blow Wells_." Does MR. HESLEDEN think we have here +any reference to the "fountains" giving their name to Brunanburgh? + +It is very desirable, in a topographical and historical point of view, +that the site of this remarkable contest between the Anglo-Saxons and +the allied Scandinavians and British _reguli_ under Anlaff, should be +determined on satisfactory data; and the allusion to it by MR. HESLEDEN, +in a recent communication to "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iv., p. 180.), +induces me to call the attention of your readers, and of that gentleman +in particular, to some mention of this battle, topographically not +unimportant, which is to be found in Egil's _Saga_; the hero of which +was himself a combatant at Brunanburgh, under the standard of Athelstan, +and which appears to have escaped the observation of those who have +discussed the probable site of this deadly encounter. The circumstantial +account to be found in the _Saga_, chap. lii. and liii., has not been +overlooked by Sharon Turner, who however does not quote the passages +having a special topographical interest. It is remarkable that the name +of Wendune, for which among Anglo-Saxon writers there appears the single +authority of Simeon of Durham, is confirmed by the testimony of the +_Saga_: at least there can be little doubt, that the _Vinheida_ of the +_Saga_ is but a Norse form for the Wendun or Weondune of the Anglo-Saxon +chronicler. The natural and other features of the locality are not +neglected by the author of the _Saga_, who describes it as a wild and +uncultivated spot, surrounded by woods, having the town of _Vinheida_ +not far distant on the north. These particulars I take from the Latin of +the _Saga_; but the reader of the Icelandic would possibly find more +minute characteristics, which may have been lost in the process of +translation. As, by his residence in the neighbourhood, MR. HESLEDEN is +favourably situated for the further prosecution of this inquiry, I +should be glad to find whether his conclusion as to the site of the +battle received confirmation, or otherwise, from the passages of the +_Saga_ to which I have now ventured to direct attention. + +I may here observe, that if we consider the situation of _Jorvik_, or +York, the capital of the then Norse kingdom of Northumbria, we shall +perhaps conclude that it was on the Yorkshire rather than on the +Lincolnshire side of the Humber, that-- + + "Athelstan, king, + of earls the Lord, + of heroes the bracelet-giver, + And his brother eke, + Edmund etheling, + life-long-glory + in battle won + with edges of swords + near Brumby." + +This conclusion is to some extent confirmed, when we connect with the +above the tradition or historical fact, whichever we regard it, that it +was after this battle that Athelstan, in redemption of a previous vow, +made various costly offerings on the altar of St. John of Beverley, and +endowed that church with great privileges, the memory of which exists to +the present day. It must however be admitted, that such a presumption is +anything but conclusive in regard to a topographical question of this +description. In conclusion, I would suggest that the Domesday Book for +Yorkshire and Lincolnshire should be carefully examined, in order to +ascertain whether the place in question, under any of the names assigned +to it, is there to be found. + + JOHN THURNAM, M.D. + + Devizes. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + + "Sans titres on fait des romans; pour crire l'histoire il faut + des preuves authentiques, des monumens certains."--J. J. Oberlin, + _Annales de la vie de Jean Gutenberg_. + +Gratified by the approbation with which my suggestion of a _Caxton +memorial_ has been received, both publicly and privately, and acquiring +fresh confidence in its success, it is my intention to make a second +appeal to the lovers of literature when the excitement of the present +year shall have passed away, and home-subjects shall re-assume their +wonted powers of attraction. + +In the mean time, I recommend an assemblage of notes on the life and +works of Caxton, designed to correct current errors; to expose baseless +conjectures; to indicate probable sources of information, or to furnish +such novel information as research may produce; and to assist in +establishing the principles on which such a memorial as that suggested +should be prepared and edited. + +In justification of this advice, I must express my belief that there +have been few men of celebrity on whose life and labours so many +erroneous statements, and inadmissible conjectures, have been published +in works of general repute. + +Requesting the favour of contributions to _The Caxton coffer_ from such +persons as may take an interest in the success of the enterprise, I now +proceed to set an example:-- + + "I have a great number of books printed by Caxton, and in very + good condition, except a very few. I think the number is + forty-two. Have you any notes relating to that good honest man? I + think he deserves those titles, and if I may add industrious + too."--Edward, earl of Oxford, to Thomas Hearne, 1731. + + "In Osborne's shop-catalogue for 1749, No. 5954, occurs the + 'Catalogue of the late E. of Oxford's library, as it was + purchased, (being the original) inlaid with royal paper, in 16 + vols. 4to. with the prices prefixed to each book--pr. 10. 10. + 0.--N.B. There never was any other copy of this catalogue with the + prices added to it.'--The same article, at the same price, is + repeated in his cat. for 1750, No. 6583, and for 1751, No. + 6347--after which, being discontinued in his subsequent cats. it + was probably sold. Qu'y. to whom and where is it now?"--Richard + Heber, c. 1811. + +The first of the above notes is copied from _Letters written by eminent +persons_, London [Oxford], 1813. 8o. The second note, which concludes +with a _query_, forms part of some manuscript memoranda, now in my +possession, on the matchless library to which it refers. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +ACCURACY OF PRINTING. + +Much of the _copy_ forwarded by the contributors to "NOTES AND QUERIES" +contains quotations from old books; which I presume are accurately +given, without alteration of spelling or punctuation. The difficulty is +this; that the printer, or perhaps even the editor, may sometimes alter +what he supposes to be a _contributor's_ error of copying. Thus, in +Query 93. (Vol. iv., p. 151.), there is _medulla grammatic_, where I +wrote _grammatice_, as in my authority: but the vile punctuation of the +subsequent extract (which is also that of the original) is duly +preserved. It would be desirable to have some symbol by which to call +attention to the fact that some glaring error is real quotation, and is +to be preserved in printing. For example, an indented line (~~~~) drawn +under the words in question, or at the side, would warn the printer that +he is not to correct any error, however gross. If you would suggest +this, or any other method, and request your contributors generally to +adopt it, an increased degree of confidence in the quotations would +result. + + "Nec [sic] intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus + Inciderit." + + M. + + [We are quite alive to the importance of our correspondent's + suggestion. The excuse for such corrections by compositors and + readers is, that copy frequently comes into their hands in such a + state, that if they did not exercise a power somewhat beyond the + strict limit of their duty, they would commit greater sins, and + give more of offence both to writers and readers. It may be feared + that some compositors would not know what was meant by an indented + line, and would (especially if it was not carefully made) take it + as a direction for _Italics_. The object may, however, probably be + attained by the writer's placing in the margin, or in the line, or + between the lines, so as to be either above or below the + particular word or phrase to which it is meant to refer, the word + "sic," with a line completely round it. All persons concerned in + the practical part of printing understand, that "matter" which is + thus circumscribed or circumlineated, is not to be printed, but is + a private communication for the benefit of such readers of the + written copy as it may concern. If there are many lines which + require this caution, it will generally be enough to mark one or + two of the first instances, for that will suffice to show that the + writer knows that he is doing, and means to do, what looks as if + it wanted correction. + + We are inclined to add one suggestion, for which this seems to be + a good opportunity, because it is peculiarly inapplicable to the + correspondent who has drawn from us these remarks. It is this, + that as those who know that they are telling a story which is + likely to excite doubt, take more than usual care to put on a + grave and honest countenance, so those who know that they are + writing what is bad or questionable in grammar, spelling, &c., + should use the precaution of being peculiarly legible.] + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Discovering the bodies of the Drowned_ (Vol. iv., p. 148.). It is +curious that a similar practice to that of discovering the bodies of the +drowned by loading a loaf with mercury, and putting it afloat on the +stream, extracted from the _Gent. Mag._, seems to exist among the North +American Indians. Sir James Alexander, in his account of Canada +(_L'Acadie_, 2 vols., 1849), says, p. 26.:-- + + "The Indians imagine that in the case of a drowned body, its place + may be discovered by floating a chip of cedar wood, which will + stop and turn round over the exact spot: an instance occurred + within my own knowledge, in the case of Mr. Lavery of Kingston + Mill, whose boat overset, and the person was drowned near Cedar + Island; nor could the body be discovered until this experiment was + resorted to." + + S.W. + + Liverpool, Sept. 1851. + +_Tom Chipperfeild, &c._--In Herrick's _Works_ (W. and C. Tait, +Edinburgh, 1823), p. 216., are the following lines: + + "_To his Booke._ + + "The dancing frier, tatter'd in the bush, + Those monstrous lies of little Robin Rush; + _Tom Chipperfeild_, and pritty lisping _Ned_, + That doted on a maide of gingerbread. + The _flying pilcher_, and the _frisking dace_, + With all the rabble of _Tim Trundell's_ race, + Bred from the dunghils and adulterous rhimes, + Shall live, and thou not superlast all times?" + +Can any of your correspondents versed in the folk lore of the West of +England give me any explanation of _Tom Chipperfeild_ and Co.? + + E.N.W. + + Southwark. + +_East Norfolk Folk Lore_ (Vol. iv., p. 53.).--Cure for Ague. The cure +mentioned by MR. E.S. TAYLOR above, I have just learnt has been +practised with much success by some lady friends of mine for some years +past amongst the poor of the parishes in which they have lived. From the +number of cures effected by them, I have sent the same application (with +the exception of using ginger instead of honey) to a relative of mine in +India, who has been suffering from ague acutely, and am anxiously +waiting to hear the result. It would be satisfactory to have the medical +nature of the remedy, as well as its effects, accounted for; but I fear +this would be considered as out of your province. + + W.H.P. + + +SERMON OF BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR. + +I have a 12mo. volume entitled-- + + "Christ's Yoke an easy Yoke, and yet the Gate to Heaven a straight + Gate: in two excellent Sermons, well worthy the serious Perusal of + the strictest Professors. By a Learned and Reverend Divine. Heb. + xi. 4.: _Who being dead yet speaketh_. London, printed for F. + Smith, at the Elephant and Castle, near the Royal Exchange in + Cornhill, 1675." + +Pp. 92., Exclusive of Preface. + +Facing the title-page is a portrait of Bishop Taylor, engraved by Van +Hove. The Preface, without mentioning the author's name, informs the +reader that the two sermons following, "by means of a person of Honour +yet living, are now come into the press for public use and benefit." The +first sermon is on Matt. xi. 30.: "For my Yoke is easy, and my Burthen +is light;" and is contained in Taylor's _Life of Christ_ (Eden's edit. +of his _Works_, vol. ii. pp. 515-528.). The second sermon is on Luke +xiii. 23, 24., and begins "The life of a Christian is a perpetual +contention for mastery;" and ends, "If we strive according to his holy +Injunctions, we shall certainly enter, according to his holy promises, +but else upon condition." This sermon does not appear, as far as I have +been able to discover, in any collection of Taylor's Works, nor amongst +his Sermons in the new edition; nor do I find the volume itself noticed +by any of his biographers. It would be extraordinary if, when so much +has been printed as part of his works which did not belong to him, a +sermon indisputably his should have been omitted by all his various +editors; a sermon, too, which every reader will allow to be a fine one. +Perhaps the rev. editor of the new edition of Taylor's _Works_ can +explain the reason of this omission. I shall be glad to be corrected if +I have overlooked the sermon in any part of the Bishop's collected +Works. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + + +COWLEY AND GRAY, NO. II. + +Gray, when alluding to Shakspeare, in his Pindaric ode on "The Progress +of Poesy," had probably Cowley in memory: + + "Far from the sun and summer gale, + In thy green lap was Nature's Darling laid, + What time, where lucid Avon stray'd. + To him the mighty mother did unveil + Her awful face: _the dauntless child + Stretch'd forth his little arms and smil'd_." + +Wakefield, in one of his notes, remarks on this-- + + "An allusion perhaps, to that verse of Virgil, + + "'Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem.'" + +Instead of Virgil, I suspect that Gray was thinking of the first Nemean +Ode of Pindar, wherein the infant Hercules is described as strangling +the snakes sent to destroy him by Juno: + + "[Greek: ho d' orthon + men anteinen kara, + peirato de prton machas, + dissaisi doious auchenn + marpsas aphyktois chersin heais ophias.]" + +Let me give a portion of Cowley's translation: + + "The big-limb'd babe in his huge cradle lay, + Too weighty to be rock'd by nurse's hands, + Wrapt in purple swaddling bands; + When, lo! by jealous Juno's fierce commands, + Two dreadful serpents come. + + "All naked from her bed the passionate mother lept + To save, or perish with her child, + She trembled, and she cry'd; the mighty infant smiled: + The mighty infant seem'd well pleased + At his gay gilded foes, + And as their spotted necks up to the cradle rose, + _With his young warlike hands on both he seiz'd_." + +The stretching forth of the child's hands he found in Pindar and Cowley; +his "smiling" in Cowley alone, for there is no trace of it in the +original. While speaking of Gray, one scarcely likes alluding to that +great _whetstone_, Dr. Johnson; for certainly the darkest shade on his +well-merited literary reputation arises from his unjust, ill-natured, +and unscholarlike criticisms upon a poet whose sole transgression was to +have been his cotemporary. But Johnson eulogises Shakspeare, as did +Gray, and I cannot help thinking that he, as well as Gray, was indebted +to Cowley: _e.g._ Johnson writes: + + "When Learning's triumph o'er her barb'rous foes + First rear'd the stage, immortal Shakspeare rose; + Each change of many-colour'd life he drew, + Exhausted worlds, and then imagin'd new: + Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign, + _And panting Time toil'd after him in vain_." + + _Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick at the opening of the Theatre + Royal, Drury Lane, 1747._ + + "He did the utmost bounds of knowledge find; + He found them not so large as was his mind, + But, like the large Pellaean youth, did mone + Because that art had no more worlds than one. + And when he saw that he through all had past, + He dy'd, lest he should idle grow at last." + + Cowley, _On the Death of Sir Henry Wooton_, page 6.: Lond. 1668, + fol. + +And with Dr. Johnson's sixth line-- + + "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain," + +we may, I think, compare Cowley's description of King David's earlier +years: + + "Bless me! how swift and growing was his wit! + _The wings of Time flag'd dully after it_." + + _Davideis_, lib. iii. p. 92. + +But to return to Gray, Ode VI. "The Bard:" + + "With haggard eyes the poet stood, + Loose his beard, and hoary hair + _Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air_." + +Wakefield quotes _Paradise Lost_, lib. i. 535.: + + "The imperial ensign, which full high advanc'd, + Shone _like a meteor streaming to the wind_." + +Campbell, in _The Pleasures of Hope_, Part I., _does_ borrow from Milton +in the above passage: + + "Where Andes, giant of the western star, + With _meteor standard to the winds unfurl'd_;" + +but Gray is alluding to _hair_, and not to a standard; to the original +derivation of the word _comet_ ([Greek: kom]), and possibly to a +different passage in Milton, viz. _Par. Lost_, ii. 706.: + + "on the other side, + Incens'd with indignation, Satan stood + Unterrified: and like a _comet_ burned, + That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge, + In the arctic sky, and from his horrid _hair_ + Shakes pestilence and war." + +Or as Virgil before him, _neid_, lib. x. 270.: + + "_Ardet apex capiti, cristisque a vertici flamma_ + Funditur, et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes: + Non secus, ac liquida si quando nocti _comet_ + Sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor," &c. + +One of the meanings of [Greek: kom] is "the luminous tail of a comet;" +and Suidas mentions from the LXX, [Greek: kai hesperon ton astera epi +_koms_ autou axeis auton] (Job xxxviii. 32.). See Scott and Liddell's +_Lexicon_ at the words [Greek: Kom], and [Greek: Pgn] and [Greek: +Pgnias], which latter words are used in reference to the _beard_ of a +comet. + +Gray must now speak for himself. He says in a note: + + "The image was taken from a well-known picture of Raphael, + representing the Supreme Being in the Vision of Ezekiel. There are + two of these paintings, both believed originals, one at Florence, + the other at Paris." + +And Mr. Mason adds, in a note to his edition of Gray, vol. i. p. 75. +Lond. 1807: + + "Moses breaking the Tables of the Law, by Parmegiano, was a figure + which Mr. Gray used to say came still nearer to his meaning than + the picture of Raphael." + +I cannot help thinking that Cowley too was not forgotten. Speaking of +the angel Gabriel, he says: + + "An harmless flaming _meteor_ shone for _haire_, + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care." + +Indeed, I must give the entire passage, however fantastic or unconnected +with my purpose; for the last four lines, which describe the angel's +_wings_, appear beyond measure dreamy and beautiful: + + "When Gabriel (no blest spirit more kind or fair) + Bodies and cloathes himself with thicken'd air, + All like a comely youth in life's fresh bloom; + Rare workmanship, and wrought by heavenly loom! + He took for skin a cloud most soft and bright, + That ere the mid day sun pierc'd through with light: + Upon his cheeks a lively blush he spread, + Wash't from the morning's beauties deepest red. + An harmless flaming meteor shone for haire + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care. + He cuts out a silk mantle from the skies, + Where the most sprightly azure pleas'd the eyes. + This he with starry vapours spangles all, + Took in their prime ere they grow ripe and fall. + Of a new rainbow ere it fret or fade, + The choicest piece took out, a scarf is made. + _Small streaming clouds he does for wings display_, + _Not virtuous lovers' sighs more soft than they_. + _These he gilds o'er with the sun's richest rays_, + _Caught gliding o'er pure streams on which he plays._" + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, in a verse which was inserted in the _Elegy_ as it originally +stood (and the subsequent rejection of which we must ever grieve over, +as it almost surpasses any verse of the entire poem; and besides would +have saved it from the imputation of having been written as a heathen +poet would have written it), the words "sacred calm" occur, which are +not unfrequent in Cowley: + + "Hark how the _sacred calm_ that breathes around + Bids every fierce tumultuous passion cease; + In still small accents whispering from the ground, + A grateful earnest of eternal peace."-- + + _Gray._ + + "They came, but a new spirit their hearts possest, + Scattering a _sacred calm_ through every breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. i. ad finem. + + "All earth-bred fears and sorrows take their flight; + In rushes joy divine, and hope, and rest; + A _sacred calm_ shines through his peaceful breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, does not Mr. Gray's _Ode to Spring_-- + + "Methinks I hear," &c. + +remind one a little of Cowley's "Anacreontic to the Grasshopper?" + + "To thee of all things upon earth, + Life is no longer than thy mirth. + Happy insect, happy thou, + _Dost neither age nor winter know_. + But when thou'st drunk, and danc'd, and sung + Thy fill, the flowery leaves among + (Voluptuous and wise withal, Epicurean animal!) + Sated with thy summer feast + Thou retir'st to endless rest." + +or the following lines + + "Their raptures now that wildly flow, + _No yesterday nor morrow know_; + Tis man alone that joy descries + With forward, and reverted eyes." + + Gray's _Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude_. + +In his notes to "Spring," Wakefield gets quite pathetic at the words-- + + "Poor moralist, and what art thou? + A solitary fly," &c. + +I have always believed that Gray was imitating Bishop Jeremy Taylor: + + "Marriage is the mother of the world, and preserves kingdoms, and + fills cities, and churches, and heaven itself. _Celibate, like the + fly in the heart of an apple_, dwells in a perpetual sweetness, + but sits alone, and is confined and dies in singularity."--Sermon + XVII. _The Marriage Ring_, Part I. + +If these random notes be interesting to any of your readers, they are +only a portion out of many I could send; and any one who doubts Gray's +partiality for Cowley may compare his second verse of the "Ode to +Spring" with Cowley's lines on "Solitude," found amongst his _Essays_, +especially verses 4. and 5.: + + "Here let me careless and unthoughtful lying + Hear the soft winds above me flying, + With all their wanton boughs dispute, + And the more tuneful birds to both replying, + Nor be my self too mute. + + "A silver stream shall roll his waters near; + Gilt with the sunbeams here and there, + On whose enamel'd bank I'll walk, + And see how prettily they smile, and hear + How prettily they talk." + +And-- + + "Soft-footed winds with tuneful voices there + Dance through the perfumed air, + There silver rivers through enamel'd meadows glide, + And golden trees enrich their side." + + _Translation of Pindar's Second Olympic Ode._ + +Or let him compare Gray's Latin and English verses upon the death of his +friend Mr. West with Cowley's upon the death of Mr. William Harvey and +Mr. Crashaw: + + "Hail, Bard Triumphant! and some care bestow + On us the Poets Militant below," &c. + + Cowley _on Mr. Crashaw_. + + "At Tu, sancta anima, et nostri non indiga luctus," &c. + + _Gray._ + +To these lines on Crashaw Pope is indebted for a sentiment which in his +hands assumes a very infidel form: + + "For modes of faith let senseless bigots fight; + His can't be wrong whose life is in the right." + +Crashaw had become a Roman Catholic, and was a canon of Loretto when he +died; but Cowley's Protestant feelings could not blind him to his worth, +and he says: + + "His _Faith_ perhaps in some nice tenets might + Be wrong; his _Life_, his soul were _in the Right_." + +How much the two last-mentioned poems of Gray's owe to Milton's "Lines +to Mansus" and his "Epitaphium Damonis," any one acquainted with them +may remember. I have only been alluding to Gray's reproductions of +Cowley. + + RT. + + Warmington. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.)--Allusion has been +made to the following stanza from "Chevy Chase:"-- + + "Against Sir Hugh Montgomery, + So right his shaft he set, + The grey goose wing that was thereon + In his heart's blood was wet." + +Having lately visited the sea-bathing town of Largs, my attention was +attracted to a building in the churchyard forming the present burying +ground. In this building, bearing date of erection 1636 by Sir Robert +Montgomery (ancestor of the present Earl of Eglinton), there is an +elaborately carved tomb of mason work, beneath which is a strongly +arched stone vault, where, besides the founder and others, tradition has +placed the remains of the brave Sir Hugh Montgomery. It is difficult to +reconcile this with the long prior date of the battle of Chevy Chase, +unless the vault, which has certainly a very ancient look, can be +substantiated to have existed before the above building. Taking matters +as they go, the remains of the warrior now appear in the most +humiliating condition--reduced to a hard, dry bony skeleton deprived of +legs and thighs, with the singular appearance of the skull having been +cloven (most likely) by a battle-axe, the skull being held together by +some plate or substance and rude stitching. The body is said to have +been originally embalmed, and enclosed in a lead coffin, which was +barbarously torn off some forty years ago, as sinks for fishing nets. +The building, tomb, and vault, taken altogether, present perhaps one of +the finest specimens of this species of architecture in Scotland, and +are additionally curious from the cone roof of the building being highly +ornamented with descriptive paintings in a tolerable state of +preservation. It is understood that some historical notices of the whole +have been privately printed by a Scotch antiquarian, of which some of +your learned readers may be aware, and may furnish more ample details +than the foregoing. + + G. + + Glasgow, Sept. 23, 1851. + +_Westminster Hall._--The following extract from the _Issue Roll of +Michaelmas Term_, 9 Hen. VII. 1493, may be interesting to some of your +readers, and will perhaps lead to a speculation on the nature of "the +disguisyings" alluded to:-- + + "To Richard Daland, for providing certain spectacles, or theatres, + commonly called scaffolds, in the great hall at Westminster, for + performance of 'the disguisyings,' exhibited to the people on the + night of the Epiphany, as appears by a book of particulars; paid + to his own hands, 28, 3_s._ 5-3/4_d._"--Devon's _Issue Roll_, + 516. + +Possibly the next entry, which is in Michaelmas in the following year, +of a payment of five marks yearly "to John Englissh, Edward Maye, +Richard Gibson, and John Hamond, 'lusoribus Regis' otherwise called in +English the players of the king's interludes, for their fees,"--has some +connexion with "the disguisyings." + + DESSAWDORF. + +_Meaning of "Log-ship."_--If you have a spare corner, can you grant it +to me for the origin of a word which describes an article used in every +sailing and steam vessel in the world, and yet perhaps not one sailor in +a thousand knows whence it is derived. I allude to the word "log-ship," +the name of the little wooden float (quadrant-shaped) by which, with a +line attached, the vessel's speed is ascertained. Before the invention +of the line with "knots" on it, a "chip," or floating-scrap, was thrown +overboard forward, and the "master," or whoever it might be, walked aft +at the rate which the vessel passed the "chip," judging of his pace from +experience. Hence the term "log-ship," or "chip," which is its true +name. + + A. L. + + West Indies, Aug. 11. 1851. + +_The Locusts of the New Testament._--While in Greece last year, I was +talking one day with a highly intelligent person on the English +translation of the New Testament. In the course of our conversation he +said, that in the third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel we had got an +entirely wrong meaning for the verse in which we are told the food of +St. John the Baptist, viz. "locusts and wild honey." I have not at this +moment a Testament in ancient Greek by me but in the Romaic the +paragraph alluded to runs thus: + + Verse 4. ... "[Greek: Kai h troph tou ton akrides, kai meli + agrion.]" + +He said that the word [Greek: akrides], which we have translated +"locusts," means rather the "young and tender parts of plants." Since +that time I have looked into various Lexicons and Dictionaries both of +the ancient and modern Greek, but have been unable to find anything to +assist me in fixing this meaning. In that of Hedericus, it is thus +given: "[Greek: Akris, idos, h], Locusta." There is also, however, +"[Greek: Akris, ios, h], Summitas, cacumen montis. Ab [Greek: akros], +summus." Whether there may be any confusion between these two words I +know not; and here, possibly, I may be assisted by some obliging reader. +I have consulted, along with a clergyman who is well skilled in Greek +literature, and who is perfectly acquainted with Romaic, many +commentaries; but in every one we found this passage either entirely +passed over, or very unsatisfactorily noticed. + + [Greek: Boreas.] + + + + +Queries. + + +COINAGE OF VABALATHUS, PRINCE OF PALMYRA. + +A great boon would be conferred on numismatists if some of your +correspondents would endeavour to elucidate the puzzling legend +sometimes found on coins of this prince. + +Vabalathus, or Vhabalathus, Athenodorus (which Mionnet and Akerman make +to be the Greek translation of Vabalathus), was the son of the +celebrated Zenobia, by an Arab prince, and was raised to the imperial +dignity by his mother. His sway extended over some parts of Syria and +Egypt, A.D. 266-273. + +Aurelian gave to Vabalathus a petty province of Armenia, of which he +made him king, though perhaps this arose from the mistake of Occo and +Salmasius (_in Vopisc._ p. 380.) in reading [Greek: ARMENIAS] for +[Greek: AUG . HERMIAS] on his Egyptian coins (Vide infra). + +His portrait appears on the reverse of coins of Aurelian, with the +legend VABALATHVS. VCRIMDR. Frlich and Corsini have unsuccessfully +attempted the interpretation of this word. Pre Hardouin, considering, +VCRIMOR as the correct reading, divides it V. C. R. IM. OR., i.e. _Vice +Csaris Rector Imperii Orientis_; but, as Banduri rightly observes, the +existence of this legend is extremely doubtful, VCRIMDR being the +authorised one, and is undoubtedly so in a specimen in my cabinet; and +though the worthy Jesuit remarks, "Barbaram vocem aliquam arbitrari sub +hisce Notis Latinis latere, frigidum genus exceptionis est, ac +desperantium," I am inclined to think that the true interpretation is to +be sought in the Syriac, or some of the Oriental languages. + +I have two others in my collection, of the rude third brass of the +Egyptian mint: Obv. AURELIAN, &c. + + Rev. [Greek: OUABALLATHOS . ATHNOU . AUG . HERMIAS + I . AU . OUABALLATHOS . ATHNU . A . HER] + +The first and three final letters of this last legend are very +indistinct, and I should much like a correct reading of it, as it is, I +believe, inedited. Other legends are given by Banduri: VABALATHVS . alii +REX . VCRIM . P.P.--VABALATVS . VCRIMOR .--VABALATHVS . ITER . IMP . +R.--IM . C . VHABALATHVS . AVG .--[Greek: A . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . +ATHNU .--AU . K . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHNOU . OUABALATHOS . +ATHNOU . AUG . HERMIAS.] + + E. S. TAYLOR. + + +Minor Queries. + +195. _Chaucer, how pronounced._--What is, or was, the original +pronunciation of the name of the poet Chaucer? Was, or was not, the _ch_ +in his day a guttural? And was not the name _Hawker_ or _Howker_? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +196. _The Island of gina._--Having occasion to make some inquiry about +the island of gina, in Greece, I have been sadly perplexed by the +discrepancies of the modern authorities I have had an opportunity of +consulting. The principal of these relates to the site of the temple of +Jupiter, or Zeus Panhellenios, which Dr. Smith's _Classical Dictionary_, +and M'Culloch's and Fullerton's _Gazetteers_, place in the N.E. part of +the island; Fullerton, however, saying also that Mount St. Elias lies in +_the south part_, though he does not say that the temple is built on +that mount. But Blaikie's _Gazetteer_ says that the temple stands on +_Mount St. Elias_, which, according to Fullerton, is in the _south_. +With this agrees the map in the _Topographisch-historisch Atlas von +Hellas_, &c. von H. Kiepert, Berlin, 1846, which distinctly places the +"Tempel von Zeus Panhellenios" in the _south_ part of the island while +the temple in the _north-east_ is called "Tempel von Athena." The Atlas +to Anacharsis' _Travels_ places it also in the _south_. Which of these +authorities is right? or, can any of your readers tell me, from personal +knowledge, in what part of the island the said Temple of Zeus +Panhellenios really stands? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +197. _Statute of Limitations Abroad._--With so many foreigners +sojourning among us, I should be glad if you could, by throwing out a +hint in your paper, obtain from them what is the statute of limitations +of the several countries to which they belong. + + CURIOSUS. + +198. _Tapestry Story of Justinian._--There is a series of ancient +tapestries in Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, representing certain +events in the life of the emperor Justinian. One of these exhibits him +in the act of making his celebrated Digest of Law, surrounded by his +lawyers; in a second, he is manumitting slaves before the temple of +Janus, at the time, I presume, when he proclaimed the _eternal peace_, +which lasted two years; in a third, he appears crowned, on his knees, +swearing, it should seem, to observe the _Lex Romana_, which is held up +to him in an open book by two lictors; in the fourth, he is seen in a +wild country, with a hunting spear in his hand, coming, as it were by +surprise, and in great alarm, upon two hounds in the agonies of death. A +dish, from which they may have taken poison, lies on the foreground; and +a stream, which may possibly have been poisoned, gushes from a +neighbouring rock. Figures in the background seem to be slinking away +from the scene here represented. + +I shall be much obliged to any of your correspondents who can point out +to me the ancient author in whose writings the circumstance alluded to +in the last-mentioned picture is detailed. + + W. N. DARNELL. + +199. _Praed's Works._--Can any reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" inform me +if there be a collected edition of the works of Praed? Many of your +readers are familiar with his fugitive pieces published in Knight's +_Quarterly Magazine_, _The Etonian_, and other periodicals. And all, I +am sure, who are acquainted with him, would be glad to see his graceful +and elegant productions published in a collected form. + + K. S. + +200. _Folietani._--Who founded the order of _Folietani_, or leaf-eaters +(to the exclusion of all grain and meat)? where and when? What Pope +dissolved the order, and is the Bull extant? + + A. N. + +201. _Berlin Mean Time._--In the _Nautical Almanac_ the day is supposed +to commence at noon according to the custom of English astronomers. +Foreigners, however, ordinarily commence the astronomical day at +midnight, at least those of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain do. But +can you or any of your correspondents tell me whether it is from the +midnight succeeding, or the midnight preceding our noon of the same +number? For instance, taking the longitude of Berlin to be 0h 53m 35s .5 +East, would the present moment, which is September 17, 3h 40m 30s +Greenwich mean time, if expressed in Berlin mean time, be September 17, +16h 34m 5s .5, or would it be September 16, 16h 34m 5s .5? (I have +reckoned to days by ordinals, as, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, &c., without a 0-day, +which, however, the foreigners generally use, employing a cardinal +number, the hours minutes, and seconds being considered as a fraction to +be added.) I ask this question because so many things now are announced +in Berlin mean time. + + DX. + +202. _De Foe's House at Stoke Newington._--About the year 1722 De Foe +built here a large and handsome house for his own residence. Is it still +standing, and where? Many mansions in the neighbourhood appear to have +been erected about that time. + + SPERIEND. + +203. _Oxford Fellowships._-- + + "Upon this occasion I might repeat what I have observed before, + page 33. of these _Annals_, where the highest fellowships in + Oxford in 1534 or 1535 did not exceed 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._, nor the + lowest fall under 3_l._, and that was in Brazen Nose College; at + which time New College fellowships were but rated at 3_l._ 9_s._ + 4_d._, nor any of Magdalen fellowships (_except two for Yorkshire + that were obliged to go and preach in the countries abroad_) above + 3_l._ 15_s._ 4_d._, as may be found in Mr. Twine's MS."--Smith's + _Annals of Univ. Coll._ p. 372. + +Can any of your correspondents throw any light upon the parenthetical +clause printed in Italics? + + E. H. A. + +204. _Leonard Fell and Judge Fell._--Mr. Josiah Marsh, in _A popular +Life of George Fox_, 8vo., London, 1847, p. 83., mentions "Leonard Fell +of Becliff, a brother of the judge." + +I shall be obliged by a reference to the authority on which this +statement rests. George Fox frequently mentions both Leonard Fell and +Judge Fell; but I cannot find in his _Journal_ the slightest hint that +they were in any way connected. Fell is a common name in the north of +Lancashire. Leonard Fell was one of the preachers who sometimes +accompanied George Fox in his wanderings. Judge Fell was a staunch +member of the Church of England. + + LLEWELLYN. + +205. "_Cleanliness is next to Godliness._"--Will you, or one of your +correspondents, have the goodness to inform me whence is derived the +quotation "Cleanliness is next to Godliness?" + + A MUSSULMAN. + +206. _Davies Queries._--I shall feel much obliged by a correct +description of the monument erected to Sir John Davys, Davis, or Davies, +the celebrated lawyer and poet, in St. Martin's church, London, and +particularly of the arms, crest, and motto (if any) which are on it. + +I wish to know also the _correct blazon_ of the following coats of arms: +Thos. Davies, a fess inter three elephants' heads erazed; and Davis of +London, on a bend cotissed inter six battle-axes three daggers: there is +some mention of these arms in the Har. MSS., but I wish to know the +correct colours of the shields and their charges? + + LLAW GYFFES. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Poet referred to by Bacon._--To what poet does Bacon refer in the +following passage of the _Advancement of Learning_?-- + + "The invention of one of the late poets is proper, and doth well + enrich the ancient fiction: for he feigneth that at the end of the + thread or web of every man's life there was a little medal + containing the person's name, and that Time waited upon the + shears; and as soon as the thread was cut, caught the medals, and + carried them to the river of Lethe; and about the bank there were + many birds flying up and down that would get the medals, and carry + them in their beak a little while, and then let them fall into the + river," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 112. in B. Montagu's edition of Bacon. + + E. + + [We are inclined to think that Bacon's reference was to the + _Mirror for Magistrates_, and will probably be found in connexion + with the following lines: + + "A little wren in beake with laurell greene that flew, + Foreshew'd my dolefull death, as after all men knew."] + +_The Violin._--Which is the best work hitherto published on the history +and construction of the violin? + + MUSICUS. + + [Certainly the best work on the history of this favourite + instrument is the amusing little volume published by Mr. George + Dubourg, in 1836, under the title of _The Violin, being an Account + of that leading Instrument, and its most eminent Professors, from + its earliest Date to the present Time: including Hints to + Amateurs, &c._] + +_Sir Thomas Malory, Knt._--I should feel obliged if any of your +correspondents could give me any information relative to Sir Thomas +Malory, Knt., who translated into English _The most Ancient and Famous +History of the renowned Prince Arthur, King of Britaine_? Also any +particulars relative the original author of that work? + + M. P. S. + + Inverness. + + [Consult Herbert's edition of Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 59-61. 134.; Dibdin's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 241-255.; and Wharton's _History of English Poetry_.] + +_Archbishop of Spalatro._--In a note to the account of Chelsea College, +in Lysons' _Environs of London_, which contains a list of the first +fellows of the college, called by Archbishop Laud "Controversy College," +of which Dr. Sutcliffe was founder and provost, I read-- + + "Many vacancies having occurred by the promotion of some of the + fellows above-mentioned to bishoprics, and by the death of others, + King James, by his letters patent, Nov. 14, 1622, substituted + others in their room, among whom was _the celebrated Archbishop of + Splalato, then Dean of Windsor_." + +I wish to ask who this archbishop was? and should be glad to learn any +further particulars respecting him, especially as to whether he ever +acted as a bishop in England? _Splalato_ is, I presume, an error of the +press for _Spalatro_. + + W. FRAZER. + + [Mark Antony de Dominis, born about 1561, was educated among the + Jesuits, and was Bishop of Segni, and afterwards Archbishop of + Spalatro. Bishop Bedell met with him at Venice, and corrected, + previous to publication, his celebrated work _De Republica + Ecclesiastica_. When Bedell returned to England, Dominis came over + with him. Here he preached and wrote against the Romanists, and + the king gave him the Deanery of Windsor, the Mastership of the + Savoy, and the rich living of West Ildesley in Berkshire. De + Dominis's wish seems to have been to re-unite the Romish and + English churches. He returned to Rome in 1622, where he abjured + his errors, but on the discovery of a correspondence which he held + with some Protestants, he was thrown into prison, where he died in + 1625. He was a man of great abilities and learning, although + remarkable for a fickleness in religious matters. He was author of + a work entitled _De Radiis Visus et Lucis in Vitris Perspectivis + et Iride Tractatus_, and was the first person, according to Sir + Isaac Newton, who had explained the phenomena of the colours of + the rainbow. We are also indebted to him for Father Paul's + _History of the Council of Trent_, the manuscript of which he + procured for Archbishop Abbot.--See Chalmers's _Biographical + Dictionary_, _s.v._ DOMINIS.] + +_Play of "The Spaniards in Peru."--John Heywood._--Who was the author of +_The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, expresst by Instrumentall and +Vocall Musick, and by Art of Perspective in Scenes_, &c., said to have +been represented in the Cock Pit, in Drury Lane, at three in the +afternoon punctually, 1658? Thus it stands in Jacob, but is not +mentioned by Langbaine. The author of the _British Theatre_, however, +mentions a remarkable circumstance in regard to it, which is, that +Oliver Cromwell, who had prohibited all theatrical representations, not +only allowed this piece to be performed, but even himself actually read +and approved of it. + +Also, what are the exact dates of the birth and death of John Heywood, +in Henry VIII.'s time? + + JAMES F. HASKINS. + + [Sir William Davenant was the author of _The Spaniards in Peru_, + which was subsequently incorporated in his piece, _Playhouse to + be Let_. See his _Works_, fol. 1673, p. 103.; also Genest's + _Account of the English Stage_, vol. i. p. 38.] + +_Selion._--I have frequently met with the word "selion" in deeds +relating to property in various parts of the Isle of Axholme, co. +Lincoln. The term is used in the description of property; for instance, +"All that _selion_ piece or parcel of land situate, &c." It does not +signify any particular quantity, for I have known it applied to fields +of all sizes, from five acres down to a quarter of an acre. Will some of +your numerous correspondents furnish an explanation of the word, and +from whence derived? + + L. L. L. + + North Lincolnshire. + + [Selion of land, or _selio terr_, is derived from the French + _seillon_, a ridge of land, or ground arising between two furrows, + and contains no certain quantity, but sometimes more or less. + Therefore Crompton says, that a selion of land cannot be in + demand, because it is a thing uncertain.] + + + + +Replies. + + +PROPHECIES OF NOSTRADAMUS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140.) + +Mr. H. C. DE ST. CROIX may be assured that the first edition of the +Prophecies of Nostradamus is not only in the National Library, but in +several others, both in Paris and elsewhere. It is now, however, very +rare, though until lately little valued; for at the Duc de la Vallire's +sale, in 1783, it produced no more than seven livres ten sols,--not +quite seven shillings. De Bure makes no mention of it: nor was it in the +library of M. Gaignat, or various other collectors; so little sought for +was it then. Printed at Lyons "chs Mac Bonhomme, M:D:L:V.," it thus +closes--"Achev d'imprimer le iiii iour de Mai, M.D.L.V." It is a small +octavo of 46 leaves, as we learn from Brunet, and was republished the +following year at Avignon, still limited to four centuries; nor was a +complete edition, which extended to ten centuries, with two imperfect +ones, published till 1568, at Troyes (en Champagne), in 8vo. Numerous +editions succeeded, in which it is well known that every intervenient +occurrence of moment was sure to be introduced, always preceded by the +date of impression, so as to establish the claim of prophecy. I have +before me that of J. Janson, Amsterdam, 1668, 12mo., which is usually +associated with the Elzevir collection of works, though not proceeding +from the family's press either in Leyden or Amsterdam. Several attempts +at elucidating these pretended prophecies have been made, such as +_Commentaires sur les Centuries de Nostradamus_, par Charigny, 1596, +8vo.; _La Clef de Nostradamus_, 1710, 12mo.; and one so late as 1806, by +Thodore Bouys, 8vo. The distich "Nostra damus," &c. was the playful +composition, according to La Monnoye, of the celebrated Genevan reformer +Thodore de Bze. By others it is attributed to the poet Jodelle: but +the author is still uncertain. Nostradamus, born in Provence, died in +July, 1566, aged sixty-eight. His second son published the Lives of the +Poets of his native province in 1575, 8vo. + +Among those impositions on public credulity, one of the most famous is +that referred to by Bacon, in his twenty-fifth Essay, and which he, as +was then the prevalent belief, attributed to the astronomer John Mller, +usually known as Regiomontanus, of the fifteenth century, and so +denominated by Bacon. Its first application was to the irruption of the +French king, Charles VIII., into Naples, in 1488, when the impetuosity +of the invasion was characterised by the epithet, ever since so well +sustained, of "La Furia Francese." Again, in 1588 it was interpreted as +predictive of the Spanish attack on England by the misnomed "Invincible +Armada;" and the English Revolution of 1688 was similarly presumed to +have been foretold by it, which always referred to the special year +_eighty-eight_ of each succeeding century; while the line expressive of +the century was correspondingly adjusted in the text. It was thus made +applicable to the great French Revolution, of which the unmistakeable +elements were laid in 1788, by the royal edict convoking the +States-General for the ensuing year, when it burst forth with dread +explosion. Its prediction, with the sole alteration of the century from +the original lines, was then thus expressed:-- + + "Post mille expletos a partu Virginis annos, + Et septingentos rursus ab orbe datos + Octogessimus octavus mirabilis annus + Ingruet: is secum tristia fata trahet. + + "Si non hoc anno totus malus occidet orbis + Si non in nihilum terra fretumque ruant, + Cuncta tamen mundi sursum ibunt atque deorsum + Imperia; et luctus undique grandis erit." + +Though long ascribed to Regiomontanus, whose death preceded its first +appearance, and therefore made its application to posterior events +appear prophetic, the real author, according to the astronomer Delambre, +was a German named Bruschius, of the sixteenth century, who pretended to +have discovered it on a tomb (we may suppose that of Regiomontanus) in +Bohemia, that learned man's country. Many other similar prophecies have +deluded the world, of which the most celebrated were those of the +Englishman Merlin. An early edition, printed in 1528, fetched sixteen +guineas in 1812 at the Roxburgh sale, though preceded by three or four. +It is in French, and at Gaignat's sale, in 1769, brought only thirty-one +livres. It was No. 2239. of the Catalogue. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + + +BOROUGH-ENGLISH. + +(Vol. iv., p. 133.) + +Since my former communication I have collected the following list of +places where this custom prevails:-- + +In Surrey: + + Battersea.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. p. 30. + + Wimbledon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Lysons' _Environs_, + vol. i. p. 523. + + Streatham (Manor of Leigham Court).--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. + p. 481. + + Richmond, Ham, Peterham.--Lysons' _Environs_. + + Croydon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Clement _v._ + Scudamore, 6 _Mod. Rep._ 102.; Steinman's _Croydon_, p. 9. + +In Essex: + + Maldon.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Suffolk: + + Lavenham.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Gloucestershire: + + The county of the city of Gloucester.--_1st Report of Real + Property Commissioners_, 1839, app. 98. + +In Middlesex: + + Islington (Manor of St. John of Jerusalem).--Nelson's _Islington_. + + Isleworth.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. iii. p. 96. + +In Cornwall: + + Clymesloud.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, p. 407. + +In Nottinghamshire: + + Southwell.--_Comp. Cop._ 506.; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Northamptonshire: + + Brigstock.--_Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. ii. p. 201. + +In Warwickshire: + + Balshall.--_Pat. 20 R. 2. m. 2._; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, + p. 629. + +In Lincolnshire: + + Stamford.--_Camd. Brit._ tit. _Lincolnshire_; _Blount's Tenures_ + by Beckwith, p. 416. + +There are some variances in the custom in these several places; the +particulars would be too long for an article in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" but +the principle of descent to the youngest son prevails in all. + +It would be very desirable to complete this list as far as can be done, +and I hope some others of your correspondents will give their aid to do +it. + +The origin of this custom, so contrary to the general law of descent by +the common law, is also a subject worthy of more investigation than it +has yet received. What is stated on the subject in the law books is very +unsatisfactory. It might tend to throw some light on this point if any +of your correspondents would communicate information as to any nations +or tribes where the law of descent to the youngest son prevails, or did +prevail, according to ancient or still existing custom. + +I have also received the following list of places where the custom of +Borough-English prevails, from Charles Sandys, Esq., F.S.A., of +Canterbury. It is taken from notes to the third edition of Robinson's +valuable work on Gavelkind, p. 391. note _a._, and p. 393. n. _c._ This +list had escaped me, as my edition of Robinson is an old one. + + "It appears by communications from the stewards to the late Mr. + Sawkins, that in the following manors, lands are descendible after + the custom of Borough-English:-- + + "Middlesex. + + St. John of Jerusalem, in Islington + Sutton Court + + "Surrey. + + Weston Gumshall, in Albury + Colley, in Reigate + Sutton next Woking, in Woking + Little Bookham, in Little Bookham and Effingham + Wotton, Abinger, Paddington, Paddington Pembroke: in the parishes + of Wotton, Abinger, Ewhurst, and Cranley + Gumshall Tower Hill, Gumshall Netley; Shere Vachery, and Cranley; + Shere Eborum: in the parishes of Shere Ewhurst and Cranley + Dunsford, in the parish of Wandsworth + Compton Westbury + Brockham, in Betchworth + + "Essex. + + Boxted Hall + + "Sussex. + + Battell, a small part of the freehold and copyhold lands in + Robertsbridge + Somersham, with the Soke, the copyhold lands in Alconbury, with + Weston Huntingdonshire. + + "It appears by the communications from the stewards of the late + Mr. Sawkins, that his customary descent is extended to younger + brothers in the manors of-- + + "Surrey. + + Dorking, in Dorking and Capel-Milton and Westcott, in the parishes + of Dorking Capel and Ockley + + "To all collateral males in the manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Isleworth Syon + Ealing, otherwise Zealing + Acton + + "To females, as well as males, lineal and collateral, in the + manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Fulham + Wimbledon, including Putney, Mortlake, Rochampton, and Sheen + + "Surrey. + + Battersea and Wandsworth + Downe + Barnes + Richmond + + "Nottinghamshire. + + Southwell + + "Hertfordshire. + + Much Hadham." + + G. R. C. + + Southwark, Sept. 24, 1851. + +The accompanying extract is from the History of the borough of Stafford, +in White's _Directory and Gazetteer of Staffordshire_, which is just +published:-- + + "The ancient custom of _Borough-English_ formerly prevailed here, + by which the youngest son succeeded to property, as heir-at-law, + in preference to the elder children. The origin of this part of + our common law is not very well ascertained, but it is generally + supposed to have arisen from the ancient system of _vassalage_, + which gave the lord of the manor certain rights over his _vassal's + bride_, and thus rendered the legitimacy of the eldest born + uncertain; or perhaps it may have originated in the natural + presumption, that the youngest child was least capable of + providing for itself." + + F. J. M. + + +PASSAGE IN VIRGIL. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 88.) + +Permit me to make a few remarks on the passage of Virgil, "Viridesque +secant," &c., and its attempted elucidation, Vol. iv., pp. 88, 89. + +It is stated that the translation is not correct, and also that Servius +was a very illiterate, ignorant, and narrow-minded man, &c. + +In the short notice of Servius and his works in the _Penny Cyclopdia_, +we have a very different character of him. Which is to be believed, for +both cannot be right? + +Harles, in his _Introd. in Notitiam Lit. Rom._, speaks thus of the +_Commentaries of Servius_: + + "Qu in libris Virgilii sub nomine Servii circumferuntur Scholia, + eorum minima pars pertinet ad illum; sed farrago est ex + antiquioribus commentariis Cornuti, Donati, &c., et aliorum; immo + vero ex recentioris tatis interpretibus multa adjecta sunt et + interpolata." + +Thus condemning the interpolations, but leaving intact the matter really +belonging to Servius. + +For a refutation of the impertinent comparison with a Yorkshire hedge +schoolmaster, and the erroneous appreciation of the _Commentaries_, I +must refer to the above-mentioned notice in the _Penny Cyclopdia_. + +In the next place, with respect to the meaning of the passage:--the word +_seco_, when applied to the movements of ships, is usually rendered by +"sulco;" _e.g._: + + "Jamque fretum Miny Pegas puppe secabant." + + Ovid, _Met._ vii. 1. + +See also lib. xi. 479. "Travel along" would be insufficient to express +the meaning in these instances; and _sulco_ agrees with the modern +phrase, "ploughing the deep," &c. + +Moreover, I submit that the interpretation of _seco_ is governed by the +context, inasmuch as its application to both land and water travelling +demands a different construction in the two cases. If this be allowed, +then comparison cannot be made between the line in question and "viam +secat ad naves;" for this refers to neas's leaving the infernals, after +his visit there; or "secuit sub nubibus arcum," which refers to cleaving +the air. Heyne's note is "secuit ... arcum; secando aerem fecit arcum; +incessit per arcum." + +The clearness or muddiness of the river has no connexion with the +translation; for the words "placido quore" clearly and definitely +express the state of the _surface_ of the river, and it is such as is +required to favour the reflection of the trees, through whose images the +ships ploughed their way; and, to make the sense perfect, the words +"variis teguntur arboribus" are all that is required as showing the +position of the trees with respect to the river. + +P.S. I have not alluded to the special meaning of active verbs +with accusative (Qy. objective) cases after them, &c. + + [Hebrew: A. T.] + +The Query of your correspondent ERYX has elicited two conflicting +opinions as to the meaning of the words "Viridesque secant placido +quore silvas." Perhaps the following suggestion may help to set the +matter at rest. + +If by these words is meant the cleaving of the shadows on the water, how +could they, with any propriety, be applied to a voyage that was +prosecuted during the darkness of the night as well as by the light of +day? + + "Olli remigio _noctemque_ diemque fatigant." + + W. B. R. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ell-rake_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--VASHTI inquires the derivation of +_ell-rake_ or _hell-rake_. In this district (the Cotswolds) we generally +suppose the derivation to be from the rake being an ell in width. In the +vale, however (_i.e._ about Tewkesbury), they are called _heel-rakes_, +from their being drawn at the heel of the person using them, instead of +being used in front, as rakes ordinarily are. + + C. H. N. + + Cirencester. + +_Heel-rake_, _Ell-rake_, or _Hell-rake_, is a large rake, which upon +being drawn along the ground the teeth run close to the heels of the +person drawing it. This has given it the name of _heel-rake_, its right +name. In Shropshire (and probably in other counties also) this has +become contracted into _ell-rake_. + + SALOPIAN. + +_Freedom from Serpents_ (Vol. iii., p. 490.).--Ireland is not the only +country supposed to be inimical to reptiles. I may perhaps be allowed to +add to the "Note" of your correspondent as to Ireland, that the Maltese +declare that St. Paul after his shipwreck cursed all the venomous +reptiles of the island, and banished them for ever, just as St. Patrick +is said to have afterwards treated those of his favourite isle. Whatever +be the cause of it, the fact is alleged by travellers to be certain, +that there are _no venomous animals in Malta_. "They assured us" (says +Brydone in his _Tour through Sicily and Malta_, vol. ii. p. 35.) "that +vipers have been brought from Sicily, and died almost immediately on +their arrival." + +Although perhaps more strictly coming under the head of folk lore, I may +here advert to the traditions found in several parts of England, that +venomous reptiles were banished by saints who came to live there. I have +read that Keynsham--the hermitage of Keynes, a Cambrian lady, A.D. +490--was infested with serpents, which were converted by her prayers +into the "Serpent-stones"--the _Cornua Ammonis_--that now cover the +land. A similar story is told at Whitby, where these fine fossils of the +Lias are called "St. Hilda's Serpent-stones;" and so, too, St. Godric, +the famous hermit of Finchale, near Durham, is said to have destroyed +the native race of serpents. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Nao, for Naw, for Ship_ (Vol. iv., pp. 28. 214.).--I am obliged to +GOMER for his reference to Davies. In the cited passages from Taliesin +and Meigant, _heb naw_ means without being able to swim. The word _nawv_ +drops its final letter in order to furnish the rhyme. That appears, not +only from the rejection of the word by all lexicographers, but from one +of the manuscripts of Meigant, which actually writes it _nawv_. I esteem +Davies's translation to be Daviesian. + +By way of a gentle pull at the torques, I will observe, that I am not in +the habit of proving that people "did _not_ possess" a thing, but of +inquiring for the evidence that they did. And when I find that tattooed +and nearly naked people used coracles, and do not find that they used +anything grander, I am led to suspect they did not. + +My answer to the Query, whether it be probable that British warriors +went over to Gaul in coracles is, "Yes, highly so." Rude canoes of +various sorts convey the expeditions of savage islanders in all seas. +And the coracle rendered the Scots of Erin formidable to the Roman +shores of Gaul and Britain. I do not see that the Dorsetshire folk being +"water-dwellers" (if so be they were such) proved them to have used +proper ships, any more than their being "water-drinkers" would prove +them to have used glasses or silver tankards. + +No doubt the name [Greek: naus] is of the remotest heroic antiquity, and +the first osier bark covered with hides, or even the first excavated +alder trunk, may have been so termed; in connexion with the verbal form +_nao_, contract. _no_, _nas_, pret. _navi_, to float or swim. But to +"advance that opinion" as to Britain, because two revolted Roman +subjects in this province used the word in the sixth and seventh +centuries after Christ, would be late and tardy proof of the fact; even +supposing that the two bards in question had made use of such a noun, +which I dispute. + + A. N. + + [This communication should have preceded that in No. 99., p. 214.] + +_De Grammont_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--On the united authority of messieurs +Auger and Renouard, editors of the works of le comte Antoine Hamilton, +it may be affirmed that there is no edition of the _Mmoires du comte de +Grammont_ anterior to that of 1713. M. Renouard thus expresses himself: +"En 1713 parurent les _Mmoires_, sans nom d'auteur, en un vol. in-12, +imprim en Hollande sous la date de Cologne." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + +_The Termination "-ship"_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The termination "-ship" +is the Anglo-Saxon _scipe_, _scype_, from verb _scipan_, to create, +form; and hence as a termination of nouns denotes _form_, _condition_, +_office_, _dignity_. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashbey de la Zouch. + +_The Five Fingers_ (Vol. iv., pp. 150. 193.).--With something like +compunction for lavishing on Macrobius and his prosy compeers so many +precious hours of a life that is waning fast, permit me to refer you to +his _Saturnalia_, vii. 13., ed. Gryph. 1560, p. 722., for the nursery +names of the five fingers. They nearly coincide with those still +denoting those useful implements in one of the Low-Norman isles, to wit, +_Gros det_, _ari det (hari det?)_, _longuedon_ or _mousqueton_, _Jean +des sceas_, _courtelas_. The said _Jean des sceas_ is, of course, "John +of the Seals," the "annularis" or ring-finger of Macrobius and the +Anglican Office-Book. Among the Hebrews [Hebrew: etsba elohim], "the +finger of God," denoted His power; and it was the forefinger, among the +gods of Greece and Italy, which wore the ring, the emblem of divine +supremacy. + + G. M. + +_Marriages within ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--The beautiful +old church of St. John in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, is in ruins. +Having in 1850 asked the old man who points out its battered beauties, +why there were still books in the reading desks, he informed me that +marriages and funeral services were still performed there. This, +however, is my only authority on the subject. + + SELEUCUS. + +_Death of Cervantes_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--No doubt now exists that the +death of Cervantes occurred on the 23rd of April, 1616, and not the 20th +of that month, which Smollett represents as the received date. In the +Spanish Academy's edition, the magnificent one of 1780, as well as in +that of 1797, it is so affirmed. In the former we read that on the 18th +he received the sacrament of extreme unction with great calmness of +spirit. It then adds: + + "Igual serenidad mantuvo haste el ltimo punto de la vida. Otorg + testamento dexando por albaceas su muger Doa Catalina de + Salazar, y al Licenciado Francisco Nuez, que vivia en la misma + casa: mand que le sepultasen en las Monjas Trinitarias; y muri + 23 del expresado mes de Abril, de edad de 68 aos, 6 meses, y 14 + dias." + +The coincidence, however, of the renowned Spaniard's death with that of +our Shakspeare, who certainly died apparently on the same day, the 23rd +of April, 1616, on which, at a singularity, Mr. Frere, with others, +dwells, wholly fails; for, in fact, that day in Spain corresponded not +with the 23rd, but the 13th, in England. It is forgotten that the +Gregorian or Reformed Calendar was then adopted in Spain, and that +between it and the unreformed style of England a difference in that +century existed of ten days:--thus, the execution of Charles I., in our +writers, and in the Book of Common Prayer, is always dated on the 30th +of January, while on the continent it is represented as on the 9th of +February. The Reformed Calendar was adopted and promulgated by Pope +Gregory XIII. in 1582, while rejected by England, though acknowledged to +be correct, until 1751, because coming from Rome. This disgraceful +submission to prejudice in repudiation of a demonstrated scientific +truth, practically sanctioned by a Napier, a Newton, a Halley, &c., is +still pursued in the Greek church and Russian empire, where the present +day, the 17th of September, is the 5th. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + +_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Although +unable to point out the source whence Jeremy Taylor derived the story to +which A. TR. alludes, I may be excused for referring your correspondent +to _Don Quixote_, Part II. book III. chap. xiii., where the story, +somewhat amplified, is given; but with this difference, that the staff +is not broken by the injured person, but by Signor Don Sancho Panza, +Governor of Barataria, before whom the case is brought for adjudication. +That the story was founded on an older one may be well inferred, from +its being stated that "Sancho had heard such a story told by the curate +of his village; and his memory was so tenacious, in retaining everything +he wanted to remember, that there was not such another in the whole +island." + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Gray's Obligations to Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 204.).--I perfectly +agree with RT. in his admiration for Gray; but, to my shame be it +spoken, am not very well read in Jeremy Taylor. RT. would oblige me, as +well as other admirers of "the sweet Lyrist of Peter-house," by +furnishing an example or two of the latter's obligations to the bishop. + +RT. will excuse me if I fail to perceive any great degree of similarity +between his two last quoted passages from Gray and those from Cowley, +which he adduces as parallel. This refers especially to the last +instance, in which I trace scarcely any similarity beyond that of a +place of education and a river being commemorated in each. Would RT. +supply us with a few more examples of borrowing from Cowley? + +With RT.'s wish for a new edition of Gray, "with the parallel passages +annexed," I cordially coincide. However, failing this new edition, he +will allow me to recommend to his notice (if indeed he has not seen it) +the Eton edition of the poet, with introductory stanzas of great +elegance and beauty, by another of Eton's bards, the Rev. J. Moultrie, +author of that most pathetic little poem "My Brother's Grave." + + K. S. + +_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--An impression of the stamp +on the bread used in the Eucharist in Greece (mentioned in the above +Note) may be seen in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. It was cut off a loaf +in the remarkable monastery of Megaspelion in the Morea, by + + W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Sacre Cheveux_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--This is a literal translation into +heraldic language of the name of the family which uses it for a motto: +_Halifax_ = _holy-hair_, from the Anglo Saxon _hali_, or _halig_, and +_fax_ or _feax_. Tradition connects the origin of the Yorkshire town of +that name with a head of singular length and beauty of hair, found at or +near the place where the Halifax gibbet used to stand. + + J. EASTWOOD. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 210.).--E. V. has entirely overlooked +the very material circumstance that Flatman's poem was cited in your +periodical (Vol. iv., p. 132.) from a book published in 1688, +twenty-four years before the date he assigns to the composition of +Pope's ode. Flatman died 8th December, 1688, and Pope was born 22d May, +1688; so that he was little more than six months old at the time of +Flatman's death. I have now before me the 4th edition of Flatman's +_Poems and Songs_, London, 8vo., 1686; "A Thought of Death" occurs at p. +55. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Linteamina and Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In Goar's _Rituale +Grcorum_, the most complete account is given of the ancient vestments +of the priesthood, from which, or rather from the same source, those of +the Romish and English churches have been derived. The names of these +vestments are [Greek: stoicharion], [Greek: hrarion], [Greek: +epimanikia], [Greek: epitrachlion], [Greek: zn], [Greek: +hypogonation], [Greek: phelnion], and [Greek: epigonation]. + +These were put on and taken off in the presence of the congregation, and +a form of prayer appropriate to each vestment was repeated ([Greek: +mystiks]) by the priest and deacon. In the notes of Goar and the +accompanying plates, ample information is afforded of the symbolic +meaning of these garments, both in respect of form and colour. + +This meaning, lost to considerable extent by the Romish church, is +recoverable by reference to the Greek rituals, which have retained, +probably with little alteration, the ancient services of the early +Christians. An explanation will therein be found of other matters +besides linteamina and surplices by those who are curious in rituology, +as of the [Greek: diskon sphragidos, lonch, astriskon, kalymma, aera, +apolysis, hierateion, naon, bma, "sophia, orthoi," eilton, rhipidion, +zeon, zesis], &c. + + T. J. BUCKTON. + + Lichfield. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +By all who are interested in the study of early German Poetry and +Literature, the name of Von der Hagen must be gratefully remembered for +the many curious and valuable works which he has published, sometimes +under his sole editorship, at others, in conjunction with Busching, +Primisser, &c. But far exceeding in interest any which he has before +given to the press, especially to English readers, is one which we +received some time since from Messrs. Williams and Norgate, but have +only recently had an opportunity of examining. It is in three thick and +closely printed octavos, and is entitled _Gesammtabentheuer: Hundert +altdeutsche Erzhlungen, Ritter-und Pfaffen-Mren, Stadt-und +Dorfgeschichten, Schwnke, Wundersagen und Legenden, meist zum erstenmal +gedruckt_, &c. This collection embraces, as the title accurately enough +describes, a hundred early German Stories of every possible kind, +Stories of Knights and Friars, of Cities and Villages, Merry Jests, +Tales of Wonder, and Legends; and resembles in many respects the popular +collections of French Fabliaux edited by Barbazan, Le Grand d'Aussy, &c. +These are for the most part now printed for the first time; and besides +the illustrations they afford of that love of humour, a characteristic +of the German mind the existence of which it has been too much the +fashion to deny, and to which we owe _Owlglas_ and the _Schildburger_, +these "hundred merry Tales" are of no small importance for the light +they throw upon the history of Fiction--a subject which, in spite of the +labour bestowed upon it by Dunlop, Walter Scott, Palgrave, and +Keightley, is yet very far from being fully developed. + +The new part of _The Traveller's Library_ contains Mr. Macaulay's +brilliant essays on Ranke's _History of the Popes_, and Gladstone _On +Church and State_. + +Messrs. Longman having become the sole proprietors of that valuable +series of works _The Cabinet Cyclopdia_, have announced a re-issue of +them at the reduced price of three shillings and sixpence per volume, +instead of six shillings, at which they were originally published. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. +29. of Books Old and New; Sotheran, Son and Draper's (Tower Street, +Eastcheap) Book Reporter No. 3. Miscellaneous Catalogue of Old and New +Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Seventy-third Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 34. of Oriental +Literature, &c. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to. + +BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK. + +TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW. + +MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539. + +OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABUL COMIC. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM. + +PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I. + +ATHENUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. parts CCL., CCLI. + +WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.-XLV. + +RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR BER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L. +HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833. + +RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) BER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN. +Bonn, 1833. + +No. 3. of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas +Johnson. London, 1790. + +HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624. + +THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. +8vo. + +BOVILLUS DE ANIM IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to. + +KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I. THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol III. +Pickering. + + [Star symbol] Letters stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices To Correspondents. + +MR. HALLAM'S _Letter did not reach us in time for publication this week; +and is consequently, with several other valuable communications, +unavoidably postponed until our next Number._ + +T. C. S. _Will our correspondent oblige us with a copy of the_ "Poetical +Coincidences" _to which he refers? It shall have immediate attention._ + +J. C. W. _We are not sure what our correspondent means by Chaucer +Forgery. Is he aware of the passages from his_ "House of Fame," _printed +in our 80th Number?_ + +R. S. T., _whose Query respecting an_ "Early German Virgil" _appeared +in_ No. 91. p. 57., _is requested to favour us with his address._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_The Eighth Climate--A little Bird +told me--Bummaree--Proverb of James I.--Stanzas in Childe +Harold--Parish Registers--Sanford's Descensus--Printing--Matthew +Paris's Historia Minor--North Side of Churchyards--Down +on the Nail--Michaelmas Goose--Passage in George Herbert--Passage +from Virgil--Curfew--Grimsdyke--Byron's Son of the Morning--Fides +Carbonaria--Ancient Language of Egypt--Wyle Cop--Conquest of +Scotland--Anagrams--Suicides' Graves--Borough-English--Pope's Honest +Factor--Covine--Jewel's Works--Medical Use of Pigeons--Post +Pascha--Linteamina and Surplices--Shakspeare's Antony and +Cleopatra--Termination "-ship"--King's Way, Wilts--Stickle and +Dray--Harris, Painter in Water Colours--Finkle--Equestrian Statue of +Elizabeth--Going the whole Hog--Meaning of Nervous--Winifreda--The +Willow Garland--Brother Johnathan--Expressions in Milton, &c._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + + + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, + with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + Age _s._ _d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY. M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +Just Published, Vols. III. and IV., 8vo. price 28_s._ cloth. + + THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND: with Sketches of their Lives and + Miscellaneous Notices connected with the Court at Westminster from + the time of the Conquest. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the Inner + Temple. + + Lately published, Vols. I. and II. in 8vo, price 28_s._ cloth. + + "We spoke fully of the plan of this very able work on the + appearance of the first and second volumes. The portion before us + is in no respect inferior to that which was first published. It is + now manifest that, quite apart from any biographical interest + belonging to it, the work, in its complete state, will supply a + regular and progressive account of English Legal institutions, + such as exists in no other equally accessible form in our + language.... So completed, it will be a work of the highest + merit--original in research, careful and conscientious in detail, + bringing forward much that is new in connexion with the subject, + correcting much that was doubtful in previous writers who have + handled it, and supplying the best general view of our strictly + legal history which any historian or jurist has yet aimed or + attempted to give."--_Examiner._ + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +NEW EDITION OF SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS. + + In October will be published, a New Edition, in 3 vols. 8vo. + + HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest Period to the + Norman Conquest. By SHARON TURNER, F.A.S and R.A.S.L.; Author of + "Sacred History of the World," &c. Seventh Edition. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + +This day is published, + + THE LILY AND THE BEE; An APOLOGUE of the CRYSTAL PALACE. By SAMUEL + WARREN, F.R.S., Author of "Ten Thousand a-Year," &c. In small 8vo. + price 5_s._ + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Next week will be published, + + MEMOIRS and ADVENTURES of SIR JOHN HEPBURN, KNIGHT. Colonel of the + Scots Brigade in Sweden, Governor of Munich, and Marshal of France + under Louis XIII. By JAMES GRANT. Esq., author of "Memoirs of + Kirkaldy of Grange," &c. in 1 vol. post 8vo. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Just published, in one volume. 4to. with numerous Illustrations, price +One Guinea, + + ICONOGRAPHY OF THE WEST FRONT OF WELLS CATHEDRAL. With an Appendix + on the Sculptures of other Medival Churches in England. By + CHARLES ROBERT COCKERELL, R.A., Professor of Architecture in the + Royal Academy of London, D.C.L. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in + addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family + Use, a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the + Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges + connected with the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various + Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the + Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of the + Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added + an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on + Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; + mostly compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will + contain a Diary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full + directions for Public Worship for every day in the year, with + blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other + Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the order of their + respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American + Churches; and Particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek + Churches; Together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects + in England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the + Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of + Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, Courts + of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a + variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most + complete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + Periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + September, 1851. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186, Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 4. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +101, October 4, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38701-8.txt or 38701-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/7/0/38701/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, October 4, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38701] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<h1> +<span id="idno">Vol. IV.—No. 101.</span> + +<span>NOTES <small>AND</small> QUERIES:</span> + +<span id="id1"> A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION</span> + +<span id="id2"> FOR</span> +<span id="id3"> LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</span> + +</h1> + +<div class="center1"> +<p class="noindent"><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—C<span class="smcap lowercase">APTAIN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">UTTLE.</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">V<span class="smcap lowercase">OL</span>. IV.—No. 101.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller">S<span class="smcap lowercase">ATURDAY</span>, O<span class="smcap lowercase">CTOBER</span> 4. 1851.</p> + +<p class="noindent center smaller"> Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4<i>d.</i></p> + + + + + + + + + +<h2><span>CONTENTS.</span></h2> + +<p class="larger"> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES</span>:— </p> + + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">The Battle of Brunanburgh, by Dr. Thurnam <a title="Go to page 249" href="#notes249">249</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney <a title="Go to page 250" href="#by250">250</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Accuracy Of Printing <a title="Go to page 250" href="#by250">250</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Folk Lore:—Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned—Tom + Chipperfeild—East Norfolk Folk Lore <a title="Go to page 251" href="#or251">251</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, by James Crossley <a title="Go to page 251" href="#or251">251</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Cowley and Gray, No. 11. <a title="Go to page 252" href="#of252">252</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Minor Notes:—Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery—Westminster + Hall—Meaning of "Log-ship"—Locusts + of the New Testament <a title="Go to page 254" href="#and254">254</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="larger">Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>:—</p> + + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5"> Coinage of Vabalathus, Prince of Palmyra, by the Rev. + E. S. Taylor <a title="Go to page 255" href="#scrap255">255</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Minor Queries:—Chaucer, how pronounced—The + Island of gina—Statute of Limitations Abroad—Tapestry + Story of Justinian—Praed's Works—Folietani—Berlin + Mean Time—Defoe's House at Stoke + Newington—Oxford Fellowships—Leonard Fell + and Judge Fell—"Cleanliness is next to Godliness"—Davies + Queries <a title="Go to page 255" href="#scrap255">255</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">M<span class="smcap lowercase">INOR</span> + Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NSWERED</span>:—Poet +referred to by Bacon—The Violin—Sir Thomas Malory, Knt.—Archbishop + of Spalatro—Play of "The Spaniards in + Peru"—Selion <a title="Go to page 257" href="#church257">257</a></p> + +</div> + + +<p class="larger"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span>:—</p> + + +<div class="toc"> + + <p class="indh i5">Prophecies of Nostradamus <a title="Go to page 258" href="#was258">258</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Borough-English <a title="Go to page 259" href="#the259">259</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Passage in Virgil <a title="Go to page 260" href="#the260">260</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5"> Replies to Minor Queries:—Ell-rake—Freedom from + Serpents—Nao, for Naw, for Ship—De Grammont—The + Termination "-ship"—The Five Fingers—Marriages + within ruined Churches—Death of Cervantes—Story + referred to by Jeremy Taylor—Gray's Obligations + to Jeremy Taylor—Blessing by the Hand—Sacre + Cheveux—Pope and Flatman—Linteamina + and Surplices <a title="Go to page 260" href="#the260">260</a></p> + +</div> + + +<p class="larger">M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANEOUS</span>:—</p> + +<div class="toc"> + +<p class="indh i5">Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. <a title="Go to page 263" href="#by263">263</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Books and Odd Volumes wanted <a title="Go to page 263" href="#by263">263</a></p> + +<p class="indh i5">Notices to Correspondents <a title="Go to page 263" href="#by263">263</a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> Advertisements <a title="Go to page 264" href="#be264">264</a> +<span class="pagenum">[249]</span><a id="notes249"></a></p> + + <p class="indh i5"> <a id="was_added1"></a><a title="Go to list of vol. numbers and pages" href="#pageslist1" class="fnanchor">List + of Notes and Queries volumes and pages</a></p> + +</div> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Notes.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>BATTLE OF BRUNANBURGH.</span></h3> + +<p>It is remarkable that the site of this great battle, the effects of +which were so important to the Anglo-Saxon power, remains to this day +undetermined.</p> + +<p>The several chroniclers who describe it give various names to the +locality, though modern authors generally adopt the name of Brunanburgh +or "Town of the Fountains." Not however to insist on such variations in +the name as Brunandune, Bruneberik, Bruneford, and Brumby, Simeon of +Durham describes the battle as occurring at a place named Wendune, +otherwise Weondune, to which moreover he assigns the further name of +Ethrunnanwerch. The locality has been sought for in most improbable +places,—in Northumberland and Cheshire. There can, however, be little +or no doubt that this Waterloo of the Anglo-Saxons, as it has been +called, is really to be found in the immediate neighbourhood of the +Humber; though, whether on the northern or southern bank of that river +seems quite uncertain: so far at least as the evidence hitherto adduced +affords us the means of judging. In the Winchester volume of the British +Archological Association, M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span> states his belief that he has +traced the site of this battle on the south of the Humber, near Barton +in Lincolnshire; but the evidence on which he grounds this opinion, +whilst demanding for this locality further consideration, seems to me +far from conclusive. M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span> describes some curious earth-works in +this situation, and thinks he has discovered the site of Anlaff's camp +at Barrow, and that of Athelstan at Burnham (formerly, as he informs us, +written "Brunnum"), where is an eminence called "Black Hold," which he +thinks was the actual seat of the battle. At Barrow are places called +"<i>Barrow Bogs</i>" and "<i>Blow Wells</i>." Does M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span> think we have here +any reference to the "fountains" giving their name to Brunanburgh?</p> + +<p>It is very desirable, in a topographical and historical point of view, +that the site of this remarkable contest between the Anglo-Saxons and +the allied Scandinavians and British <i>reguli</i> under Anlaff, should be +determined on satisfactory data; and the allusion to it by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span>, +in a recent communication to "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" (Vol. iv., p. 180.), +induces me to call the attention of your readers, and of that gentleman +in particular, to some mention of this battle, topographically not +unimportant, which is to be found in Egil's <i>Saga</i>; the hero of which +was himself a combatant at Brunanburgh, under the standard of Athelstan, +and which appears to have escaped the observation of those who have +discussed the probable site of this deadly encounter. The circumstantial +account to be found in the <i>Saga</i>, chap. lii. and liii., has not been +overlooked by<a id="by250"></a> <span class="pagenum">[250]</span> + Sharon Turner, who however does not quote the +passages having a special topographical interest. It is remarkable that +the name of Wendune, for which among Anglo-Saxon writers there appears +the single authority of Simeon of Durham, is confirmed by the testimony +of the <i>Saga</i>: at least there can be little doubt, that the <i>Vinheida</i> +of the <i>Saga</i> is but a Norse form for the Wendun or Weondune of the +Anglo-Saxon chronicler. The natural and other features of the locality +are not neglected by the author of the <i>Saga</i>, who describes it as a +wild and uncultivated spot, surrounded by woods, having the town of +<i>Vinheida</i> not far distant on the north. These particulars I take from +the Latin of the <i>Saga</i>; but the reader of the Icelandic would possibly +find more minute characteristics, which may have been lost in the +process of translation. As, by his residence in the neighbourhood, +M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ESLEDEN</span> is favourably situated for the further prosecution of this +inquiry, I should be glad to find whether his conclusion as to the site +of the battle received confirmation, or otherwise, from the passages of +the <i>Saga</i> to which I have now ventured to direct attention.</p> + +<p>I may here observe, that if we consider the situation of <i>Jorvik</i>, or +York, the capital of the then Norse kingdom of Northumbria, we shall +perhaps conclude that it was on the Yorkshire rather than on the +Lincolnshire side of the Humber, that—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> "Athelstan, king,</p> + <p class="i3">of earls the Lord,</p> + <p> of heroes the bracelet-giver,</p> + <p class="i3">And his brother eke,</p> + <p class="i3">Edmund etheling,</p> + <p class="i5"> life-long-glory</p> + <p class="i5"> in battle won</p> + <p class="i3"> with edges of swords</p> + <p class="i5">near Brumby."</p> + +</div> + +<p>This conclusion is to some extent confirmed, when we connect with the +above the tradition or historical fact, whichever we regard it, that it +was after this battle that Athelstan, in redemption of a previous vow, +made various costly offerings on the altar of St. John of Beverley, and +endowed that church with great privileges, the memory of which exists to +the present day. It must however be admitted, that such a presumption is +anything but conclusive in regard to a topographical question of this +description. In conclusion, I would suggest that the Domesday Book for +Yorkshire and Lincolnshire should be carefully examined, in order to +ascertain whether the place in question, under any of the names assigned +to it, is there to be found.</p> + + +<p class="right">J<span class="smcap lowercase">OHN</span> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HURNAM</span>, M.D.</p> + +<p class="left">Devizes.</p> + + + + + +<h3><span>THE CAXTON COFFER.</span></h3> + + + <p class="blockquot"> "Sans titres on fait des romans; pour crire l'histoire il faut + des preuves authentiques, des monumens certains."—J. J. Oberlin, + <i>Annales de la vie de Jean Gutenberg</i>.</p> + +<p>Gratified by the approbation with which my suggestion of a <i>Caxton +memorial</i> has been received, both publicly and privately, and acquiring +fresh confidence in its success, it is my intention to make a second +appeal to the lovers of literature when the excitement of the present +year shall have passed away, and home-subjects shall re-assume their +wonted powers of attraction.</p> + +<p>In the mean time, I recommend an assemblage of notes on the life and +works of Caxton, designed to correct current errors; to expose baseless +conjectures; to indicate probable sources of information, or to furnish +such novel information as research may produce; and to assist in +establishing the principles on which such a memorial as that suggested +should be prepared and edited.</p> + +<p>In justification of this advice, I must express my belief that there +have been few men of celebrity on whose life and labours so many +erroneous statements, and inadmissible conjectures, have been published +in works of general repute.</p> + +<p>Requesting the favour of contributions to <i>The Caxton coffer</i> from such +persons as may take an interest in the success of the enterprise, I now +proceed to set an example:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "I have a great number of books printed by Caxton, and in very + good condition, except a very few. I think the number is + forty-two. Have you any notes relating to that good honest man? I + think he deserves those titles, and if I may add industrious + too."—Edward, earl of Oxford, to Thomas Hearne, 1731.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "In Osborne's shop-catalogue for 1749, No. 5954, occurs the + 'Catalogue of the late E. of Oxford's library, as it was + purchased, (being the original) inlaid with royal paper, in 16 + vols. 4to. with the prices prefixed to each book—pr. 10. 10. 0.—N.B. There never was any other copy of this catalogue with + the prices added to it.'—The same article, at the same price, is + repeated in his cat. for 1750, No. 6583, and for 1751, No. + 6347—after which, being discontinued in his subsequent cats. it + was probably sold. Qu<span class="topnum">y</span>. to whom and where is it now?"—Richard + Heber, c. 1811.</p> + + +<p>The first of the above notes is copied from <i>Letters written by eminent +persons</i>, London [Oxford], 1813. 8<span class="topnum">o</span>. The second note, which concludes +with a <i>query</i>, forms part of some manuscript memoranda, now in my +possession, on the matchless library to which it refers.</p> + + +<p class="right"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span>.</p> + + + + + +<h3><span>ACCURACY OF PRINTING.</span></h3> + +<p>Much of the <i>copy</i> forwarded by the contributors to "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" +contains quotations from old books; which I presume are accurately +given, without alteration of spelling or punctuation.<a id="or251"></a> <span class="pagenum">[251]</span> The +difficulty is this; that the printer, or perhaps even the editor, may +sometimes alter what he supposes to be a <i>contributor's</i> error of +copying. Thus, in Query 93. (Vol. iv., p. 151.), there is <i>medulla +grammatic</i>, where I wrote <i>grammatice</i>, as in my authority: but the +vile punctuation of the subsequent extract (which is also that of the +original) is duly preserved. It would be desirable to have some symbol +by which to call attention to the fact that some glaring error is real +quotation, and is to be preserved in printing. For example, an indented +line (~~~~) drawn under the words in question, or at the side, would +warn the printer that he is not to correct any error, however gross. If +you would suggest this, or any other method, and request your +contributors generally to adopt it, an increased degree of confidence in +the quotations would result.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Nec [sic] intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus</p> + <p>Inciderit."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="right"> M.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [We are quite alive to the importance of our correspondent's + suggestion. The excuse for such corrections by compositors and + readers is, that copy frequently comes into their hands in such a + state, that if they did not exercise a power somewhat beyond the + strict limit of their duty, they would commit greater sins, and + give more of offence both to writers and readers. It may be + feared that some compositors would not know what was meant by an + indented line, and would (especially if it was not carefully + made) take it as a direction for <i>Italics</i>. The object may, + however, probably be attained by the writer's placing in the + margin, or in the line, or between the lines, so as to be either + above or below the particular word or phrase to which it is meant + to refer, the word "sic," with a line completely round it. All + persons concerned in the practical part of printing understand, + that "matter" which is thus circumscribed or circumlineated, is + not to be printed, but is a private communication for the benefit + of such readers of the written copy as it may concern. If there + are many lines which require this caution, it will generally be + enough to mark one or two of the first instances, for that will + suffice to show that the writer knows that he is doing, and means + to do, what looks as if it wanted correction.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> We are inclined to add one suggestion, for which this seems to be + a good opportunity, because it is peculiarly inapplicable to the + correspondent who has drawn from us these remarks. It is this, + that as those who know that they are telling a story which is + likely to excite doubt, take more than usual care to put on a + grave and honest countenance, so those who know that they are + writing what is bad or questionable in grammar, spelling, &c., + should use the precaution of being peculiarly legible.]</p> + + + + +<h3><span>FOLK LORE.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Discovering the bodies of the Drowned</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 148.).</span></h4> + +<p>—It is +curious that a similar practice to that of discovering the bodies of the +drowned by loading a loaf with mercury, and putting it afloat on the +stream, extracted from the <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, seems to exist among the North +American Indians. Sir James Alexander, in his account of Canada +(<i>L'Acadie</i>, 2 vols., 1849), says, p. 26.:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The Indians imagine that in the case of a drowned body, its + place may be discovered by floating a chip of cedar wood, which + will stop and turn round over the exact spot: an instance + occurred within my own knowledge, in the case of Mr. Lavery of + Kingston Mill, whose boat overset, and the person was drowned + near Cedar Island; nor could the body be discovered until this + experiment was resorted to."</p> + +<p class="right"> S.W.</p> + +<p class="left"> Liverpool, Sept. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Tom Chipperfeild, &c.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In Herrick's <i>Works</i> (W. and C. Tait, +Edinburgh, 1823), p. 216., are the following lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p> "<i>To his Booke.</i></p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p>"The dancing frier, tatter'd in the bush,</p> + <p> Those monstrous lies of little Robin Rush;</p> + <p> <i>Tom Chipperfeild</i>, and pritty lisping <i>Ned</i>,</p> + <p>That doted on a maide of gingerbread.</p> + <p> The <i>flying pilcher</i>, and the <i>frisking dace</i>,</p> + <p> With all the rabble of <i>Tim Trundell's</i> race,</p> + <p>Bred from the dunghils and adulterous rhimes,</p> + <p>Shall live, and thou not superlast all times?"</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<p>Can any of your correspondents versed in the folk lore of the West of +England give me any explanation of <i>Tom Chipperfeild</i> and Co.?</p> + +<p class="right"> E.N.W.</p> + +<p class="left"> Southwark.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>East Norfolk Folk Lore</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 53.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Cure for Ague. The cure +mentioned by M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. E.S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span> above, I have just learnt has been +practised with much success by some lady friends of mine for some years +past amongst the poor of the parishes in which they have lived. From the +number of cures effected by them, I have sent the same application (with +the exception of using ginger instead of honey) to a relative of mine in +India, who has been suffering from ague acutely, and am anxiously +waiting to hear the result. It would be satisfactory to have the medical +nature of the remedy, as well as its effects, accounted for; but I fear +this would be considered as out of your province.</p> + + +<p class="right"> W.H.P.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>SERMON OF BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR.</span></h3> + +<p>I have a 12mo. volume entitled—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Christ's Yoke an easy Yoke, and yet the Gate to Heaven a + straight Gate: in two excellent Sermons, well worthy the serious + Perusal of the strictest Professors. By a Learned and Reverend + Divine. Heb. xi. 4.: <i>Who being dead yet speaketh</i>. London, + printed for F. Smith, at the Elephant and Castle, near the Royal + Exchange in Cornhill, 1675."</p> + +<p class="noindent">Pp. 92., Exclusive of Preface.<a id="of252"></a> <span class="pagenum">[252]</span></p> + +<p>Facing the title-page is a portrait of Bishop Taylor, engraved by Van +Hove. The Preface, without mentioning the author's name, informs the +reader that the two sermons following, "by means of a person of Honour +yet living, are now come into the press for public use and benefit." The +first sermon is on Matt. xi. 30.: "For my Yoke is easy, and my Burthen +is light;" and is contained in Taylor's <i>Life of Christ</i> (Eden's edit. +of his <i>Works</i>, vol. ii. pp. 515-528.). The second sermon is on Luke +xiii. 23, 24., and begins "The life of a Christian is a perpetual +contention for mastery;" and ends, "If we strive according to his holy +Injunctions, we shall certainly enter, according to his holy promises, +but else upon condition." This sermon does not appear, as far as I have +been able to discover, in any collection of Taylor's Works, nor amongst +his Sermons in the new edition; nor do I find the volume itself noticed +by any of his biographers. It would be extraordinary if, when so much +has been printed as part of his works which did not belong to him, a +sermon indisputably his should have been omitted by all his various +editors; a sermon, too, which every reader will allow to be a fine one. +Perhaps the rev. editor of the new edition of Taylor's <i>Works</i> can +explain the reason of this omission. I shall be glad to be corrected if +I have overlooked the sermon in any part of the Bishop's collected +Works.</p> + + +<p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROSSLEY</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>COWLEY AND GRAY, NO. II.</span></h3> + +<p>Gray, when alluding to Shakspeare, in his Pindaric ode on "The Progress +of Poesy," had probably Cowley in memory:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i3"> "Far from the sun and summer gale,</p> + <p> In thy green lap was Nature's Darling laid,</p> + <p> What time, where lucid Avon stray'd.</p> + <p class="i3">To him the mighty mother did unveil</p> + <p>Her awful face: <i>the dauntless child</i></p> + <p> <i>Stretch'd forth his little arms and smil'd</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Wakefield, in one of his notes, remarks on this—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "An allusion perhaps, to that verse of Virgil,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> 'Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem.'"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Instead of Virgil, I suspect that Gray was thinking of the first Nemean +Ode of Pindar, wherein the infant Hercules is described as strangling +the snakes sent to destroy him by Juno:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p class="i5">"<span title="[Greek: ho d' orthon + men anteinen kara, + peirato de prton machas, + dissaisi doious auchenn + marpsas aphyktois chersin heais ophias.]">ὁ δ' ὀρθὸν <br /> +μὲν ἄντεινεν κάρα, <br /> +πειρᾶτο δὲ πρῶτον μάχας, <br /> +δισσαῖσι δοιοὺς αὐχένων <br /> +μάρψας ἀφύκτοις χερσὶν ἑαῖς ὄφιας.</span>"</p> + +</div> + +<p>Let me give a portion of Cowley's translation:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + + <p> "The big-limb'd babe in his huge cradle lay,</p> + <p> Too weighty to be rock'd by nurse's hands,</p> + <p class="i3"> Wrapt in purple swaddling bands;</p> + <p>When, lo! by jealous Juno's fierce commands,</p> + <p class="i3"> Two dreadful serpents come.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p> "All naked from her bed the passionate mother lept</p> + <p class="i3">To save, or perish with her child,</p> + <p> She trembled, and she cry'd; the mighty infant smiled:</p> + <p class="i3"> The mighty infant seem'd well pleased</p> + <p class="i5">At his gay gilded foes,</p> + <p> And as their spotted necks up to the cradle rose,</p> + <p><i>With his young warlike hands on both he seiz'd</i>."</p> + +</div> +</div> + +<p class="noindent">The stretching forth of the child's hands he found in Pindar and Cowley; +his "smiling" in Cowley alone, for there is no trace of it in the +original. While speaking of Gray, one scarcely likes alluding to that +great <i>whetstone</i>, Dr. Johnson; for certainly the darkest shade on his +well-merited literary reputation arises from his unjust, ill-natured, +and unscholarlike criticisms upon a poet whose sole transgression was to +have been his cotemporary. But Johnson eulogises Shakspeare, as did +Gray, and I cannot help thinking that he, as well as Gray, was indebted +to Cowley: <i>e.g.</i> Johnson writes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> +<p> "When Learning's triumph o'er her barb'rous foes</p> +<p> First rear'd the stage, immortal Shakspeare rose;</p> +<p> Each change of many-colour'd life he drew,</p> +<p> Exhausted worlds, and then imagin'd new:</p> + <p> Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign,</p> +<p> <i>And panting Time toil'd after him in vain</i>."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick at the opening of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 1747.</i></p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "He did the utmost bounds of knowledge find;</p> + <p> He found them not so large as was his mind,</p> + <p> But, like the large Pellaean youth, did mone</p> + <p> Because that art had no more worlds than one.</p> + <p> And when he saw that he through all had past,</p> + <p> He dy'd, lest he should idle grow at last."</p> + + <p class="author">Cowley, <i>On the Death of Sir Henry Wooton</i>, page 6.: Lond. 1668, fol.</p> + +</div> + +<p>And with Dr. Johnson's sixth line—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain,"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">we may, I think, compare Cowley's description of King David's earlier +years:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Bless me! how swift and growing was his wit!</p> + <p><i>The wings of Time flag'd dully after it</i>."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Davideis</i>, lib. iii. p. 92.</p> + +</div> + +<p>But to return to Gray, Ode VI. "The Bard:"</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "With haggard eyes the poet stood,</p> + <p>Loose his beard, and hoary hair</p> + <p><i>Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Wakefield quotes <i>Paradise Lost</i>, lib. i. 535.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "The imperial ensign, which full high advanc'd,</p> + <p> Shone <i>like a meteor streaming to the wind</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Campbell, in <i>The Pleasures of Hope</i>, Part I., <i>does</i> borrow from Milton +in the above passage:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Where Andes, giant of the western star,</p> + <p> With <i>meteor standard to the winds unfurl'd</i>;"</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">but Gray is alluding to <i>hair</i>, and not to a standard; to the original +derivation of the word <i>comet</i> (<span title="[Greek: kom]">κόμη</span>), and possibly to a +different passage in Milton, viz. <i>Par. Lost</i>, ii. 706.:<a id="lost253"></a> <span class="pagenum">[253]</span></p> + +<div class="poem"> + <p class="i9"> "on the other side,</p> + <p> Incens'd with indignation, Satan stood</p> + <p> Unterrified: and like a <i>comet</i> burned,</p> + <p> That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge,</p> + <p>In the arctic sky, and from his horrid <i>hair</i></p> + <p> Shakes pestilence and war."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Or as Virgil before him, <i>neid</i>, lib. x. 270.:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p>"<i>Ardet apex capiti, cristisque a vertici flamma</i></p> +<p>Funditur, et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes:</p> +<p>Non secus, ac liquida si quando nocti <i>comet</i></p> +<p>Sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor," &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p>One of the meanings of <span title="[Greek: kom]">κόμη</span> is "the luminous tail of a comet;" +and Suidas mentions from the LXX, <span title="[Greek: kai hesperon ton astera epi =koms= autou axeis + auton]">καὶ ἕσπερον τὸν ἀστέρα + ἐπὶ <em>κόμης</em> αὐτοῦ ἄξεις +αὐτον </span> (Job xxxviii. 32.). See Scott and +Liddell's <i>Lexicon</i> at the words <span title="[Greek: Kom]">Κόμη</span>, +and <span title="[Greek: Pgn]">Πώγων</span> and +<span title="[Greek: Pgnias]">Πωγωνίας</span>, which latter words are used in reference to the <i>beard</i> of +a comet.</p> + +<p>Gray must now speak for himself. He says in a note:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The image was taken from a well-known picture of Raphael, + representing the Supreme Being in the Vision of Ezekiel. There + are two of these paintings, both believed originals, one at + Florence, the other at Paris."</p> + +<p class="noindent">And Mr. Mason adds, in a note to his edition of Gray, vol. i. p. 75. +Lond. 1807:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Moses breaking the Tables of the Law, by Parmegiano, was a + figure which Mr. Gray used to say came still nearer to his + meaning than the picture of Raphael."</p> + +<p>I cannot help thinking that Cowley too was not forgotten. Speaking of +the angel Gabriel, he says:</p> +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "An harmless flaming <i>meteor</i> shone for <i>haire</i>,</p> + <p> And fell adown his shoulders with loose care."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Indeed, I must give the entire passage, however fantastic or unconnected +with my purpose; for the last four lines, which describe the angel's +<i>wings</i>, appear beyond measure dreamy and beautiful:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "When Gabriel (no blest spirit more kind or fair)</p> + <p> Bodies and cloathes himself with thicken'd air,</p> + <p> All like a comely youth in life's fresh bloom;</p> + <p> Rare workmanship, and wrought by heavenly loom!</p> + <p> He took for skin a cloud most soft and bright,</p> + <p> That ere the mid day sun pierc'd through with light:</p> + <p> Upon his cheeks a lively blush he spread,</p> + <p> Wash't from the morning's beauties deepest red.</p> + <p> An harmless flaming meteor shone for haire</p> + <p> And fell adown his shoulders with loose care.</p> + <p> He cuts out a silk mantle from the skies,</p> + <p> Where the most sprightly azure pleas'd the eyes.</p> + <p> This he with starry vapours spangles all,</p> + <p> Took in their prime ere they grow ripe and fall.</p> + <p> Of a new rainbow ere it fret or fade,</p> + <p> The choicest piece took out, a scarf is made.</p> + <p><i>Small streaming clouds he does for wings display</i>,</p> + <p> <i>Not virtuous lovers' sighs more soft than they</i>.</p> + <p><i>These he gilds o'er with the sun's richest rays</i>,</p> + <p><i>Caught gliding o'er pure streams on which he plays.</i>"</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Davideis</i>, lib. ii. ad finem.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Again, in a verse which was inserted in the <i>Elegy</i> as it originally +stood (and the subsequent rejection of which we must ever grieve over, +as it almost surpasses any verse of the entire poem; and besides would +have saved it from the imputation of having been written as a heathen +poet would have written it), the words "sacred calm" occur, which are +not unfrequent in Cowley:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Hark how the <i>sacred calm</i> that breathes around</p> + <p> Bids every fierce tumultuous passion cease;</p> + <p> In still small accents whispering from the ground,</p> + <p>A grateful earnest of eternal peace."—</p> + + <p class="author"><i>Gray.</i></p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"They came, but a new spirit their hearts possest,</p> + <p> Scattering a <i>sacred calm</i> through every breast."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Davideis</i>, lib. i. ad finem.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "All earth-bred fears and sorrows take their flight;</p> + <p> In rushes joy divine, and hope, and rest;</p> + <p>A <i>sacred calm</i> shines through his peaceful breast."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Davideis</i>, lib. ii. ad finem.</p> + +</div> + +<p>Again, does not Mr. Gray's <i>Ode to Spring</i>—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Methinks I hear," &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">remind one a little of Cowley's "Anacreontic to the Grasshopper?"</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "To thee of all things upon earth,</p> + <p>Life is no longer than thy mirth.</p> + <p> Happy insect, happy thou,</p> + <p> <i>Dost neither age nor winter know</i>.</p> + <p> But when thou'st drunk, and danc'd, and sung</p> + <p> Thy fill, the flowery leaves among</p> + <p> (Voluptuous and wise withal, Epicurean animal!)</p> + <p>Sated with thy summer feast</p> + <p> Thou retir'st to endless rest."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">or the following lines</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p>"Their raptures now that wildly flow,</p> + <p> <i>No yesterday nor morrow know</i>;</p> + <p>Tis man alone that joy descries</p> + <p> With forward, and reverted eyes."</p> + + <p class="author">Gray's <i>Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude</i>.</p> + +</div> +<p>In his notes to "Spring," Wakefield gets quite pathetic at the words—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Poor moralist, and what art thou?</p> + <p> A solitary fly," &c.</p> + +</div> + +<p>I have always believed that Gray was imitating Bishop Jeremy Taylor:</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Marriage is the mother of the world, and preserves kingdoms, and + fills cities, and churches, and heaven itself. <i>Celibate, like + the fly in the heart of an apple</i>, dwells in a perpetual + sweetness, but sits alone, and is confined and dies in + singularity."—Sermon XVII. <i>The Marriage Ring</i>, Part I.</p> + +<p>If these random notes be interesting to any of your readers, they are +only a portion out of many I could send; and any one who doubts Gray's +partiality for Cowley may compare his second verse of the "Ode to +Spring" with Cowley's lines on "Solitude," found amongst his <i>Essays</i>, +especially verses 4. and 5.:<a id="and254"></a> <span class="pagenum">[254]</span></p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p>"Here let me careless and unthoughtful lying</p> + <p class="i3">Hear the soft winds above me flying,</p> + <p class="i3"> With all their wanton boughs dispute,</p> + <p>And the more tuneful birds to both replying,</p> + <p class="i5">Nor be my self too mute.</p> +</div> + +<div class="stanza"> + + <p> "A silver stream shall roll his waters near;</p> + <p class="i3">Gilt with the sunbeams here and there,</p> + <p class="i3"> On whose enamel'd bank I'll walk,</p> + <p>And see how prettily they smile, and hear</p> + <p class="i5"> How prettily they talk."</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<p>And—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "Soft-footed winds with tuneful voices there</p> + <p class="i3"> Dance through the perfumed air,</p> + <p> There silver rivers through enamel'd meadows glide,</p> + <p class="i3"> And golden trees enrich their side."</p> + + <p class="author"> <i>Translation of Pindar's Second Olympic Ode.</i></p> + +</div> + +<p>Or let him compare Gray's Latin and English verses upon the death of his +friend Mr. West with Cowley's upon the death of Mr. William Harvey and +Mr. Crashaw:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Hail, Bard Triumphant! and some care bestow</p> + <p> On us the Poets Militant below," &c.</p> + + <p class="author"> Cowley <i>on Mr. Crashaw</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "At Tu, sancta anima, et nostri non indiga luctus," &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><i>Gray.</i></p> + +</div> + +<p>To these lines on Crashaw Pope is indebted for a sentiment which in his +hands assumes a very infidel form:</p> + + + <div class="poem"> + + <p> "For modes of faith let senseless bigots fight;</p> + <p> His can't be wrong whose life is in the right."</p> + +</div> + +<p>Crashaw had become a Roman Catholic, and was a canon of Loretto when he +died; but Cowley's Protestant feelings could not blind him to his worth, +and he says:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "His <i>Faith</i> perhaps in some nice tenets might</p> + <p> Be wrong; his <i>Life</i>, his soul were <i>in the Right</i>."</p> + +</div> + +<p>How much the two last-mentioned poems of Gray's owe to Milton's "Lines +to Mansus" and his "Epitaphium Damonis," any one acquainted with them +may remember. I have only been alluding to Gray's reproductions of +Cowley.</p> + + + <p class="right"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.</p> + + <p class="left"> Warmington.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Notes.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 206.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Allusion has been +made to the following stanza from "Chevy Chase:"—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Against Sir Hugh Montgomery,</p> + <p class="i3"> So right his shaft he set,</p> + <p> The grey goose wing that was thereon</p> + <p class="i3">In his heart's blood was wet."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="noindent">Having lately visited the sea-bathing town of Largs, my attention was +attracted to a building in the churchyard forming the present burying +ground. In this building, bearing date of erection 1636 by Sir Robert +Montgomery (ancestor of the present Earl of Eglinton), there is an +elaborately carved tomb of mason work, beneath which is a strongly +arched stone vault, where, besides the founder and others, tradition has +placed the remains of the brave Sir Hugh Montgomery. It is difficult to +reconcile this with the long prior date of the battle of Chevy Chase, +unless the vault, which has certainly a very ancient look, can be +substantiated to have existed before the above building. Taking matters +as they go, the remains of the warrior now appear in the most +humiliating condition—reduced to a hard, dry bony skeleton deprived of +legs and thighs, with the singular appearance of the skull having been +cloven (most likely) by a battle-axe, the skull being held together by +some plate or substance and rude stitching. The body is said to have +been originally embalmed, and enclosed in a lead coffin, which was +barbarously torn off some forty years ago, as sinks for fishing nets. +The building, tomb, and vault, taken altogether, present perhaps one of +the finest specimens of this species of architecture in Scotland, and +are additionally curious from the cone roof of the building being highly +ornamented with descriptive paintings in a tolerable state of +preservation. It is understood that some historical notices of the whole +have been privately printed by a Scotch antiquarian, of which some of +your learned readers may be aware, and may furnish more ample details +than the foregoing.</p> + + + <p class="right"> G.</p> + + <p class="left">Glasgow, Sept. 23, 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Westminster Hall.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—The following extract from the <i>Issue Roll of +Michaelmas Term</i>, 9 Hen. VII. 1493, may be interesting to some of your +readers, and will perhaps lead to a speculation on the nature of "the +disguisyings" alluded to:—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "To Richard Daland, for providing certain spectacles, or + theatres, commonly called scaffolds, in the great hall at + Westminster, for performance of 'the disguisyings,' exhibited to + the people on the night of the Epiphany, as appears by a book of + particulars; paid to his own hands, 28, 3<i>s.</i> + 5-<span class="topnum">3</span>/<span class="botnum">4</span><i>d.</i>"—Devon's <i>Issue Roll</i>, 516.</p> + +<p>Possibly the next entry, which is in Michaelmas in the following year, +of a payment of five marks yearly "to John Englissh, Edward Maye, +Richard Gibson, and John Hamond, 'lusoribus Regis' otherwise called in +English the players of the king's interludes, for their fees,"—has some +connexion with "the disguisyings."</p> + + <p class="right"> D<span class="smcap lowercase">ESSAWDORF</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Meaning of "Log-ship."</i></span></h4> + +<p>—If you have a spare corner, can you grant it +to me for the origin of a word which describes an article used in every +sailing and steam vessel in the world, and yet perhaps not one sailor in +a thousand knows whence it is derived. I allude to the word "log-ship," +the name of the little wooden float (quadrant-shaped) by which, with a +line attached, the vessel's speed is ascertained. Before the invention +of the line with "knots" on it, a "chip," or floating-scrap,<a id="scrap255"></a> <span class="pagenum">[255]</span> was +thrown overboard forward, and the "master," or whoever it might be, +walked aft at the rate which the vessel passed the "chip," judging of +his pace from experience. Hence the term "log-ship," or "chip," which is +its true name.</p> + + <p class="right"> A. L.</p> + + <p class="left"> West Indies, Aug. 11. 1851.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>The Locusts of the New Testament.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—While in Greece last year, I was +talking one day with a highly intelligent person on the English +translation of the New Testament. In the course of our conversation he +said, that in the third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel we had got an +entirely wrong meaning for the verse in which we are told the food of +St. John the Baptist, viz. "locusts and wild honey." I have not at this +moment a Testament in ancient Greek by me but in the Romaic the +paragraph alluded to runs thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + +<p>Verse 4. ... "<span title="[Greek: Kai h troph tou ton akrides, kai + meli agrion.]">Καὶ ἡ τροφὴ του ἦτον ἀκρίδες, καὶ μέλι ἄγριον.</span>"</p> + +</div> + +<p>He said that the word <span title="[Greek: akrides]">ἀκρίδες</span>, which we have translated +"locusts," means rather the "young and tender parts of plants." Since +that time I have looked into various Lexicons and Dictionaries both of +the ancient and modern Greek, but have been unable to find anything to +assist me in fixing this meaning. In that of Hedericus, it is thus +given: "<span title="[Greek: Akris, idos, h]">Ἀκρὶς, ίδος, ἡ</span>, Locusta." There is also, however, +"<span title="[Greek: Akris, ios, h]">Ἄκρις, ιος, ἡ</span>, +Summitas, cacumen montis. Ab <span title="[Greek: akros]">ἄκρος</span>, +summus." Whether there may be any confusion between these two words I +know not; and here, possibly, I may be assisted by some obliging reader. +I have consulted, along with a clergyman who is well skilled in Greek +literature, and who is perfectly acquainted with Romaic, many +commentaries; but in every one we found this passage either entirely +passed over, or very unsatisfactorily noticed.</p> + + + <p class="right"> <span title="[Greek: Boreas.]">Βορέας.</span></p> + + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Queries.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>COINAGE OF VABALATHUS, PRINCE OF PALMYRA.</span></h3> + +<p>A great boon would be conferred on numismatists if some of your +correspondents would endeavour to elucidate the puzzling legend +sometimes found on coins of this prince.</p> + +<p>Vabalathus, or Vhabalathus, Athenodorus (which Mionnet and Akerman make +to be the Greek translation of Vabalathus), was the son of the +celebrated Zenobia, by an Arab prince, and was raised to the imperial +dignity by his mother. His sway extended over some parts of Syria and +Egypt, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> 266-273.</p> + +<p>Aurelian gave to Vabalathus a petty province of Armenia, of which he +made him king, though perhaps this arose from the mistake of Occo and +Salmasius (<i>in Vopisc.</i> p. 380.) in +reading <span title="[Greek: ARMENIAS]">ΑΡΜΕΝΙΑϹ</span> +for <span title="[Greek: AUG . HERMIAS]">ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ</span> on +his Egyptian coins (Vide infra).</p> + +<p>His portrait appears on the reverse of coins of Aurelian, with the +legend VABALATHVS . VCRIMDR. Frlich and Corsini have unsuccessfully +attempted the interpretation of this word. Pre Hardouin, considering, +VCRIMOR as the correct reading, divides it V. C. R. IM. OR., i.e. <i>Vice +Csaris Rector Imperii Orientis</i>; but, as Banduri rightly observes, the +existence of this legend is extremely doubtful, VCRIMDR being the +authorised one, and is undoubtedly so in a specimen in my cabinet; and +though the worthy Jesuit remarks, "Barbaram vocem aliquam arbitrari sub +hisce Notis Latinis latere, frigidum genus exceptionis est, ac +desperantium," I am inclined to think that the true interpretation is to +be sought in the Syriac, or some of the Oriental languages.</p> + +<p>I have two others in my collection, of the rude third brass of the +Egyptian mint: Obv. AURELIAN, &c.</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> <span title="[Greek: Rev. OUABALLATHOS . ATHNOU . AUG . HERMIAS + I . AU . OUABALLATHOS . ATHNU . A . HER]">Rev. ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ +Ι . ΑΥ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΥ . Α . ΕΡ</span> </p> + +</div> + +<p>The first and three final letters of this last legend are very +indistinct, and I should much like a correct reading of it, as it is, I +believe, inedited. Other legends are given by Banduri: VABALATHVS . alii + REX. VCRIM. P.P.—VABALATVS. VCRIMOR.—VABALATHVS . ITER. IMP. R.—IM. + C. VHABALATHVS. AVG.—<span title="[Greek: A . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHNU .--AU . + K . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHNOU . OUABALATHOS . + ATHNOU . AUG . HERMIAS.]">Α . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΥ .—ΑΥ . +Κ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛΑΘΟϹ . ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΟΥΑΒΑΛΑΘΟϹ . +ΑΘΗΝΟΥ . ΑΥΓ . ΕΡΜΙΑϹ.</span> </p> + + <p class="right"> E. S. T<span class="smcap lowercase">AYLOR</span>.</p> + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries.</span></h3> + +<h4><span>195. <i>Chaucer, how pronounced.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—What is, or was, the original +pronunciation of the name of the poet Chaucer? Was, or was not, the <i>ch</i> +in his day a guttural? And was not the name <i>Hawker</i> or <i>Howker</i>?</p> + + <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AURIE</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>196. <i>The Island of gina.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Having occasion to make some inquiry about +the island of gina, in Greece, I have been sadly perplexed by the +discrepancies of the modern authorities I have had an opportunity of +consulting. The principal of these relates to the site of the temple of +Jupiter, or Zeus Panhellenios, which Dr. Smith's <i>Classical Dictionary</i>, +and M'Culloch's and Fullerton's <i>Gazetteers</i>, place in the N.E. part of +the island; Fullerton, however, saying also that Mount St. Elias lies in +<i>the south part</i>, though he does not say that the temple is built on +that mount. But Blaikie's <i>Gazetteer</i> says that the temple stands on +<i>Mount St. Elias</i>, which, according to Fullerton, is in the <i>south</i>. +With this agrees the map in the <i>Topographisch-historisch Atlas von +Hellas</i>, &c. von H. Kiepert, Berlin, 1846, which distinctly places the +"Tempel von Zeus Panhellenios" in the <i>south</i> part of the island while +the temple in the <i>north-east</i> is called "Tempel von Athena." The +Atlas<a id="Atlas256"></a> <span class="pagenum">[256]</span> to Anacharsis' <i>Travels</i> places it also in the <i>south</i>. +Which of these authorities is right? or, can any of your readers tell +me, from personal knowledge, in what part of the island the said Temple +of Zeus Panhellenios really stands?</p> + + <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AURIE</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>197. <i>Statute of Limitations Abroad.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—With so many foreigners +sojourning among us, I should be glad if you could, by throwing out a +hint in your paper, obtain from them what is the statute of limitations +of the several countries to which they belong.</p> + + <p class="right"> C<span class="smcap lowercase">URIOSUS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>198. <i>Tapestry Story of Justinian.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—There is a series of ancient +tapestries in Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, representing certain +events in the life of the emperor Justinian. One of these exhibits him +in the act of making his celebrated Digest of Law, surrounded by his +lawyers; in a second, he is manumitting slaves before the temple of +Janus, at the time, I presume, when he proclaimed the <i>eternal peace</i>, +which lasted two years; in a third, he appears crowned, on his knees, +swearing, it should seem, to observe the <i>Lex Romana</i>, which is held up +to him in an open book by two lictors; in the fourth, he is seen in a +wild country, with a hunting spear in his hand, coming, as it were by +surprise, and in great alarm, upon two hounds in the agonies of death. A +dish, from which they may have taken poison, lies on the foreground; and +a stream, which may possibly have been poisoned, gushes from a +neighbouring rock. Figures in the background seem to be slinking away +from the scene here represented.</p> + +<p>I shall be much obliged to any of your correspondents who can point out +to me the ancient author in whose writings the circumstance alluded to +in the last-mentioned picture is detailed.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. N. D<span class="smcap lowercase">ARNELL</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>199. <i>Praed's Works.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Can any reader of "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>" inform me +if there be a collected edition of the works of Praed? Many of your +readers are familiar with his fugitive pieces published in Knight's +<i>Quarterly Magazine</i>, <i>The Etonian</i>, and other periodicals. And all, I +am sure, who are acquainted with him, would be glad to see his graceful +and elegant productions published in a collected form.</p> + + <p class="right"> K. S.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>200. <i>Folietani.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Who founded the order of <i>Folietani</i>, or leaf-eaters +(to the exclusion of all grain and meat)? where and when? What Pope +dissolved the order, and is the Bull extant?</p> + + <p class="right"> A. N.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>201. <i>Berlin Mean Time.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In the <i>Nautical Almanac</i> the day is supposed +to commence at noon according to the custom of English astronomers. +Foreigners, however, ordinarily commence the astronomical day at +midnight, at least those of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain do. But +can you or any of your correspondents tell me whether it is from the +midnight succeeding, or the midnight preceding our noon of the same +number? For instance, taking the longitude of Berlin to be + 0<span class="topnum">h</span> 53<span class="topnum">m</span> +35<span class="topnum">s</span> .5 East, would the + present moment, which is September 17, 3<span class="topnum">h</span> +40<span class="topnum">m</span> 30<span class="topnum">s</span> Greenwich mean time, if expressed in Berlin mean time, be +September 17, 16<span class="topnum">h</span> 34<span class="topnum">m</span> 5<span class="topnum">s</span> .5, or would it be September 16, +16<span class="topnum">h</span> 34<span class="topnum">m</span> 5<span class="topnum">s</span> .5? (I have reckoned to days by ordinals, as, 1st, +2nd, 3rd, &c., without a 0-day, which, however, the foreigners generally +use, employing a cardinal number, the hours minutes, and seconds being +considered as a fraction to be added.) I ask this question because so +many things now are announced in Berlin mean time.</p> + + <p class="right"> D<span class="smcap lowercase">X</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span>202. <i>De Foe's House at Stoke Newington.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—About the year 1722 De Foe +built here a large and handsome house for his own residence. Is it still +standing, and where? Many mansions in the neighbourhood appear to have +been erected about that time.</p> + + <p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">PERIEND.</span></p> + + + +<h4><span>203. <i>Oxford Fellowships.</i>—</span></h4> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Upon this occasion I might repeat what I have observed before, + page 33. of these <i>Annals</i>, where the highest fellowships in + Oxford in 1534 or 1535 did not exceed 6<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>, nor the + lowest fall under 3<i>l.</i>, and that was in Brazen Nose College; at + which time New College fellowships were but rated at 3<i>l.</i> 9<i>s.</i> + 4<i>d.</i>, nor any of Magdalen fellowships (<i>except two for Yorkshire + that were obliged to go and preach in the countries abroad</i>) + above 3<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>, as may be found in Mr. Twine's + MS."—Smith's <i>Annals of Univ. Coll.</i> p. 372.</p> + + +<p>Can any of your correspondents throw any light upon the parenthetical +clause printed in Italics?</p> + + <p class="right"> E. H. A.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>204. <i>Leonard Fell and Judge Fell.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Mr. Josiah Marsh, in <i>A popular +Life of George Fox</i>, 8vo., London, 1847, p. 83., mentions "Leonard Fell +of Becliff, a brother of the judge."</p> + +<p>I shall be obliged by a reference to the authority on which this +statement rests. George Fox frequently mentions both Leonard Fell and +Judge Fell; but I cannot find in his <i>Journal</i> the slightest hint that +they were in any way connected. Fell is a common name in the north of +Lancashire. Leonard Fell was one of the preachers who sometimes +accompanied George Fox in his wanderings. Judge Fell was a staunch +member of the Church of England.</p> + + <p class="right"> L<span class="smcap lowercase">LEWELLYN</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>205. "<i>Cleanliness is next to Godliness.</i>"</span></h4> + +<p>—Will you, or one of your +correspondents, have the goodness to inform me whence is derived the +quotation "Cleanliness is next to Godliness?"</p> + + <p class="right"> A M<span class="smcap lowercase">USSULMAN</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span>206. <i>Davies Queries.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I shall feel much obliged by a correct +description of the monument erected to Sir John Davys, Davis, or Davies, +the celebrated lawyer and poet, in St. Martin's church,<a id="church257"></a> <span class="pagenum">[257]</span> London, +and particularly of the arms, crest, and motto (if any) which are on it.</p> + +<p>I wish to know also the <i>correct blazon</i> of the following coats of arms: +Thos. Davies, a fess inter three elephants' heads erazed; and Davis of +London, on a bend cotissed inter six battle-axes three daggers: there is +some mention of these arms in the Har. MSS., but I wish to know the +correct colours of the shields and their charges?</p> + + <p class="right"> L<span class="smcap lowercase">LAW</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">YFFES</span>.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Minor Queries Answered.</span></h3> + + +<h4><span><i>Poet referred to by Bacon.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—To what poet does Bacon refer in the +following passage of the <i>Advancement of Learning</i>?—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "The invention of one of the late poets is proper, and doth well + enrich the ancient fiction: for he feigneth that at the end of + the thread or web of every man's life there was a little medal + containing the person's name, and that Time waited upon the + shears; and as soon as the thread was cut, caught the medals, and + carried them to the river of Lethe; and about the bank there were + many birds flying up and down that would get the medals, and + carry them in their beak a little while, and then let them fall + into the river," &c.—Vol. ii. p. 112. in B. Montagu's edition of + Bacon.</p> + + <p class="right"> E.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [We are inclined to think that Bacon's reference was to the + <i>Mirror for Magistrates</i>, and will probably be found in connexion + with the following lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "A little wren in beake with laurell greene that flew,</p> + <p> Foreshew'd my dolefull death, as after all men knew."]</p> + +</div> + + + + +<h4><span><i>The Violin.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Which is the best work hitherto published on the history +and construction of the violin?</p> + + + <p class="right"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">USICUS</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Certainly the best work on the history of this favourite + instrument is the amusing little volume published by Mr. George + Dubourg, in 1836, under the title of <i>The Violin, being an + Account of that leading Instrument, and its most eminent + Professors, from its earliest Date to the present Time: including + Hints to Amateurs, &c.</i>]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Sir Thomas Malory, Knt.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I should feel obliged if any of your +correspondents could give me any information relative to Sir Thomas +Malory, Knt., who translated into English <i>The most Ancient and Famous +History of the renowned Prince Arthur, King of Britaine</i>? Also any +particulars relative the original author of that work?</p> + + <p class="right"> M. P. S.</p> + + <p class="left"> Inverness.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Consult Herbert's edition of Ames's <i>Typographical Antiquities</i>, + vol. i. pp. 59-61. 134.; Dibdin's <i>Typographical Antiquities</i>, + vol. i. pp. 241-255.; and Wharton's <i>History of English Poetry</i>.]</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Archbishop of Spalatro.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—In a note to the account of Chelsea College, +in Lysons' <i>Environs of London</i>, which contains a list of the first +fellows of the college, called by Archbishop Laud "Controversy College," +of which Dr. Sutcliffe was founder and provost, I read—</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> "Many vacancies having occurred by the promotion of some of the + fellows above-mentioned to bishoprics, and by the death of + others, King James, by his letters patent, Nov. 14, 1622, + substituted others in their room, among whom was <i>the celebrated + Archbishop of Splalato, then Dean of Windsor</i>."</p> + +<p>I wish to ask who this archbishop was? and should be glad to learn any +further particulars respecting him, especially as to whether he ever +acted as a bishop in England? <i>Splalato</i> is, I presume, an error of the +press for <i>Spalatro</i>.</p> + + <p class="right"> W. F<span class="smcap lowercase">RAZER</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Mark Antony de Dominis, born about 1561, was educated among the + Jesuits, and was Bishop of Segni, and afterwards Archbishop of + Spalatro. Bishop Bedell met with him at Venice, and corrected, + previous to publication, his celebrated work <i>De Republica + Ecclesiastica</i>. When Bedell returned to England, Dominis came + over with him. Here he preached and wrote against the Romanists, + and the king gave him the Deanery of Windsor, the Mastership of + the Savoy, and the rich living of West Ildesley in Berkshire. De + Dominis's wish seems to have been to re-unite the Romish and + English churches. He returned to Rome in 1622, where he abjured + his errors, but on the discovery of a correspondence which he + held with some Protestants, he was thrown into prison, where he + died in 1625. He was a man of great abilities and learning, + although remarkable for a fickleness in religious matters. He was + author of a work entitled <i>De Radiis Visus et Lucis in Vitris + Perspectivis et Iride Tractatus</i>, and was the first person, + according to Sir Isaac Newton, who had explained the phenomena of + the colours of the rainbow. We are also indebted to him for + Father Paul's <i>History of the Council of Trent</i>, the manuscript + of which he procured for Archbishop Abbot.—See Chalmers's + <i>Biographical Dictionary</i>, <i>s.v.</i> D<span class="smcap lowercase">OMINIS</span>.]</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Play of "The Spaniards in Peru."—John Heywood.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—Who was the author of +<i>The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, expresst by Instrumentall and +Vocall Musick, and by Art of Perspective in Scenes</i>, &c., said to have +been represented in the Cock Pit, in Drury Lane, at three in the +afternoon punctually, 1658? Thus it stands in Jacob, but is not +mentioned by Langbaine. The author of the <i>British Theatre</i>, however, +mentions a remarkable circumstance in regard to it, which is, that +Oliver Cromwell, who had prohibited all theatrical representations, not +only allowed this piece to be performed, but even himself actually read +and approved of it.</p> + +<p>Also, what are the exact dates of the birth and death of John Heywood, +in Henry VIII.'s time?</p> + + <p class="right"> J<span class="smcap lowercase">AMES</span> F. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ASKINS</span>.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Sir William Davenant was the author of <i>The Spaniards in Peru</i>, + which was subsequently incorporated<a id="was258"></a> <span class="pagenum">[258]</span> in his piece, + <i>Playhouse to be Let</i>. See his <i>Works</i>, fol. 1673, p. 103.; also + Genest's <i>Account of the English Stage</i>, vol. i. p. 38.]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Selion.</i></span></h4> + +<p>—I have frequently met with the word "selion" in deeds +relating to property in various parts of the Isle of Axholme, co. +Lincoln. The term is used in the description of property; for instance, +"All that <i>selion</i> piece or parcel of land situate, &c." It does not +signify any particular quantity, for I have known it applied to fields +of all sizes, from five acres down to a quarter of an acre. Will some of +your numerous correspondents furnish an explanation of the word, and +from whence derived?</p> + +<p class="right"> L. L. L.</p> + +<p class="left"> North Lincolnshire.</p> + + <p class="blockquot"> [Selion of land, or <i>selio terr</i>, is derived from the French + <i>seillon</i>, a ridge of land, or ground arising between two + furrows, and contains no certain quantity, but sometimes more or + less. Therefore Crompton says, that a selion of land cannot be in + demand, because it is a thing uncertain.]</p> + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Replies.</span></h2> + + +<h3><span>PROPHECIES OF NOSTRADAMUS.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140.)</span></h3> + +<p>Mr. H. C. D<span class="smcap lowercase">E</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. C<span class="smcap lowercase">ROIX</span> may be assured that the first edition of the +Prophecies of Nostradamus is not only in the National Library, but in +several others, both in Paris and elsewhere. It is now, however, very +rare, though until lately little valued; for at the Duc de la Vallire's +sale, in 1783, it produced no more than seven livres ten sols,—not +quite seven shillings. De Bure makes no mention of it: nor was it in the +library of M. Gaignat, or various other collectors; so little sought for +was it then. Printed at Lyons "chs Mac Bonhomme, <span class="smcap lowercase">M:D:L:V.</span>," it thus +closes—"Achev d'imprimer le iiii iour de Mai, <span class="smcap lowercase">M.D.L.V.</span>" It is a small +octavo of 46 leaves, as we learn from Brunet, and was republished the +following year at Avignon, still limited to four centuries; nor was a +complete edition, which extended to ten centuries, with two imperfect +ones, published till 1568, at Troyes (en Champagne), in 8vo. Numerous +editions succeeded, in which it is well known that every intervenient +occurrence of moment was sure to be introduced, always preceded by the +date of impression, so as to establish the claim of prophecy. I have +before me that of J. Janson, Amsterdam, 1668, 12mo., which is usually +associated with the Elzevir collection of works, though not proceeding +from the family's press either in Leyden or Amsterdam. Several attempts +at elucidating these pretended prophecies have been made, such as +<i>Commentaires sur les Centuries de Nostradamus</i>, par Charigny, 1596, +8vo.; <i>La Clef de Nostradamus</i>, 1710, 12mo.; and one so late as 1806, by +Thodore Bouys, 8vo. The distich "Nostra damus," &c. was the playful +composition, according to La Monnoye, of the celebrated Genevan reformer +Thodore de Bze. By others it is attributed to the poet Jodelle: but +the author is still uncertain. Nostradamus, born in Provence, died in +July, 1566, aged sixty-eight. His second son published the Lives of the +Poets of his native province in 1575, 8vo.</p> + +<p>Among those impositions on public credulity, one of the most famous is +that referred to by Bacon, in his twenty-fifth Essay, and which he, as +was then the prevalent belief, attributed to the astronomer John Mller, +usually known as Regiomontanus, of the fifteenth century, and so +denominated by Bacon. Its first application was to the irruption of the +French king, Charles VIII., into Naples, in 1488, when the impetuosity +of the invasion was characterised by the epithet, ever since so well +sustained, of "La Furia Francese." Again, in 1588 it was interpreted as +predictive of the Spanish attack on England by the misnomed "Invincible +Armada;" and the English Revolution of 1688 was similarly presumed to +have been foretold by it, which always referred to the special year +<i>eighty-eight</i> of each succeeding century; while the line expressive of +the century was correspondingly adjusted in the text. It was thus made +applicable to the great French Revolution, of which the unmistakeable +elements were laid in 1788, by the royal edict convoking the +States-General for the ensuing year, when it burst forth with dread +explosion. Its prediction, with the sole alteration of the century from +the original lines, was then thus expressed:—</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <div class="stanza"> + +<p> "Post mille expletos a partu Virginis annos,</p> + <p>Et septingentos rursus ab orbe datos</p> + <p> Octogessimus octavus mirabilis annus</p> + <p> Ingruet: is secum tristia fata trahet.</p> + +</div> + + <div class="stanza"> + + <p>"Si non hoc anno totus malus occidet orbis</p> + <p> Si non in nihilum terra fretumque ruant,</p> + <p> Cuncta tamen mundi sursum ibunt atque deorsum</p> + <p> Imperia; et luctus undique grandis erit."</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<p>Though long ascribed to Regiomontanus, whose death preceded its first +appearance, and therefore made its application to posterior events +appear prophetic, the real author, according to the astronomer Delambre, +was a German named Bruschius, of the sixteenth century, who pretended to +have discovered it on a tomb (we may suppose that of Regiomontanus) in +Bohemia, that learned man's country. Many other similar prophecies have +deluded the world, of which the most celebrated were those of the +Englishman Merlin. An early edition, printed in 1528, fetched sixteen +guineas in 1812 at the Roxburgh sale, though preceded by three or four. +It is in French, and at Gaignat's sale, in 1769, brought only thirty-one +livres. It was No. 2239. of the Catalogue.<a id="the259"></a> <span class="pagenum">[259]</span></p> + + + <p class="right"> J. R.</p> + +<p class="right">Cork, Sept. 17.</p> + + + + +<h3><span>BOROUGH-ENGLISH.<br /> +(Vol. iv., p. 133.)</span></h3> + +<p>Since my former communication I have collected the following list of +places where this custom prevails:—</p> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Surrey:</p> +<p>Battersea.—Lysons' <i>Environs</i>, vol. i. p. 30.</p> +<p> Wimbledon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).—Lysons' <i>Environs</i>, vol. i. p. 523.</p> +<p> Streatham (Manor of Leigham Court).—Lysons' <i>Environs</i>, vol. i. p. 481.</p> +<p> Richmond, Ham, Peterham.—Lysons' <i>Environs</i>.</p> +<p> Croydon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).—Clement <i>v.</i> Scudamore, 6 <i>Mod. Rep.</i> 102.; Steinman's <i>Croydon</i>, p. 9.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Essex:</p> +<p> Maldon.—<i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Suffolk:</p> +<p>Lavenham.—<i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Gloucestershire:</p> +<p> The county of the city of Gloucester.—<i>1st Report of Real Property Commissioners</i>, 1839, app. 98.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Middlesex:</p> +<p>Islington (Manor of St. John of Jerusalem).—Nelson's <i>Islington</i>.</p> +<p> Isleworth.—Lysons' <i>Environs</i>, vol. iii. p. 96.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Cornwall:</p> +<p> Clymesloud.—<i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith, p. 407.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Nottinghamshire:</p> +<p> Southwell.—<i>Comp. Cop.</i> 506.; <i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Northamptonshire:</p> +<p> Brigstock.—<i>Beauties of England and Wales</i>, vol. ii. p. 201.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Warwickshire:</p> +<p> Balshall.—<i>Pat. 20 R. 2. m. 2.</i>; <i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith, p. 629.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> In Lincolnshire:</p> +<p> Stamford.—<i>Camd. Brit.</i> tit. <i>Lincolnshire</i>; <i>Blount's Tenures</i> by Beckwith, p. 416.</p> + +</div> + +<p>There are some variances in the custom in these several places; the +particulars would be too long for an article in + "N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span>;" but +the principle of descent to the youngest son prevails in all.</p> + +<p>It would be very desirable to complete this list as far as can be done, +and I hope some others of your correspondents will give their aid to do +it.</p> + +<p>The origin of this custom, so contrary to the general law of descent by +the common law, is also a subject worthy of more investigation than it +has yet received. What is stated on the subject in the law books is very +unsatisfactory. It might tend to throw some light on this point if any +of your correspondents would communicate information as to any nations +or tribes where the law of descent to the youngest son prevails, or did +prevail, according to ancient or still existing custom.</p> + +<p>I have also received the following list of places where the custom of +Borough-English prevails, from Charles Sandys, Esq., F.S.A., of +Canterbury. It is taken from notes to the third edition of Robinson's +valuable work on Gavelkind, p. 391. note <i>a.</i>, and p. 393. n. <i>c.</i> This +list had escaped me, as my edition of Robinson is an old one.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It appears by communications from the stewards to the late Mr. + Sawkins, that in the following manors, lands are descendible + after the custom of Borough-English:—</p> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Middlesex.</p> +<p>St. John of Jerusalem, in Islington </p> +<p>Sutton Court </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Surrey.</p> +<p>Weston Gumshall, in Albury </p> +<p>Colley, in Reigate </p> +<p>Sutton next Woking, in Woking </p> +<p>Little Bookham, in Little Bookham and Effingham </p> +<p>Wotton, Abinger, Paddington, Paddington Pembroke: in the parishes of Wotton, Abinger, Ewhurst, and Cranley </p> +<p>Gumshall Tower Hill, Gumshall Netley; Shere Vachery, and Cranley; Shere Eborum: in the parishes of Shere Ewhurst and Cranley</p> +<p>Dunsford, in the parish of Wandsworth </p> +<p>Compton Westbury </p> +<p>Brockham, in Betchworth </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> "Essex.</p> +<p> Boxted Hall </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Sussex.</p> +<p> Battell, a small part of the freehold and copyhold lands in Robertsbridge </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> "Huntingdonshire.</p> + <p> Somersham, with the Soke, the copyhold lands in Alconbury, with Weston </p> + +</div> + +<p class="blockquot"> "It appears by the communications from the stewards of the late + Mr. Sawkins, that his customary descent is extended to younger + brothers in the manors of—</p> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> "Surrey.</p> +<p> Dorking, in Dorking and Capel-Milton and Westcott, in the parishes of Dorking Capel and Ockley </p> + +</div> + +<p class="blockquot"> "To all collateral males in the manors of—</p> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Middlesex.</p> +<p> Isleworth Syon </p> +<p> Ealing, otherwise Zealing </p> +<p> Acton </p> + +</div> + +<p class="blockquot"> "To females, as well as males, lineal and collateral, in the + manors of—</p> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Middlesex.</p> + <p> Fulham </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Surrey.</p> +<p> Wimbledon, including Putney, Mortlake, Rochampton, and Sheen </p> +<p> Battersea and Wandsworth </p> +<p> Downe </p> +<p> Barnes </p> +<p> Richmond </p> + + </div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Nottinghamshire.</p> + <p> Southwell</p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent">"Hertfordshire.</p> + <p> Much Hadham."</p> + +</div> + + <p class="right"> G. R. C.</p> + + <p class="left"> Southwark, Sept. 24, 1851.</p> + +<p>The<a id="the260"></a> <span class="pagenum">[260]</span> accompanying extract is from the History of the borough of +Stafford, in White's <i>Directory and Gazetteer of Staffordshire</i>, which +is just published:—</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "The ancient custom of <i>Borough-English</i> formerly prevailed here, + by which the youngest son succeeded to property, as heir-at-law, + in preference to the elder children. The origin of this part of + our common law is not very well ascertained, but it is generally + supposed to have arisen from the ancient system of <i>vassalage</i>, + which gave the lord of the manor certain rights over his + <i>vassal's bride</i>, and thus rendered the legitimacy of the eldest + born uncertain; or perhaps it may have originated in the natural + presumption, that the youngest child was least capable of + providing for itself."</p> + + <p class="right"> F. J. M.</p> + + + +<h3><span>PASSAGE IN VIRGIL.<br /> +(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 88.)</span></h3> + +<p>Permit me to make a few remarks on the passage of Virgil, "Viridesque +secant," &c., and its attempted elucidation, Vol. iv., pp. 88, 89.</p> + +<p>It is stated that the translation is not correct, and also that Servius +was a very illiterate, ignorant, and narrow-minded man, &c.</p> + +<p>In the short notice of Servius and his works in the <i>Penny Cyclopdia</i>, +we have a very different character of him. Which is to be believed, for +both cannot be right?</p> + +<p>Harles, in his <i>Introd. in Notitiam Lit. Rom.</i>, speaks thus of the +<i>Commentaries of Servius</i>:</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Qu in libris Virgilii sub nomine Servii circumferuntur Scholia, + eorum minima pars pertinet ad illum; sed farrago est ex + antiquioribus commentariis Cornuti, Donati, &c., et aliorum; immo + vero ex recentioris tatis interpretibus multa adjecta sunt et + interpolata."</p> + +<p>Thus condemning the interpolations, but leaving intact the matter really +belonging to Servius.</p> + +<p>For a refutation of the impertinent comparison with a Yorkshire hedge +schoolmaster, and the erroneous appreciation of the <i>Commentaries</i>, I +must refer to the above-mentioned notice in the <i>Penny Cyclopdia</i>.</p> + +<p>In the next place, with respect to the meaning of the passage:—the word +<i>seco</i>, when applied to the movements of ships, is usually rendered by +"sulco;" <i>e.g.</i>:</p> + +<div class="poem"> + +<p> "Jamque fretum Miny Pegas puppe secabant."</p> + +<p class="author"> Ovid, <i>Met.</i> vii. 1.</p> +</div> + +<p>See also lib. xi. 479. "Travel along" would be insufficient to express +the meaning in these instances; and <i>sulco</i> agrees with the modern +phrase, "ploughing the deep," &c.</p> + +<p>Moreover, I submit that the interpretation of <i>seco</i> is governed by the +context, inasmuch as its application to both land and water travelling +demands a different construction in the two cases. If this be allowed, +then comparison cannot be made between the line in question and "viam +secat ad naves;" for this refers to neas's leaving the infernals, after +his visit there; or "secuit sub nubibus arcum," which refers to cleaving +the air. Heyne's note is "secuit ... arcum; secando aerem fecit arcum; +incessit per arcum."</p> + +<p>The clearness or muddiness of the river has no connexion with the +translation; for the words "placido quore" clearly and definitely +express the state of the <i>surface</i> of the river, and it is such as is +required to favour the reflection of the trees, through whose images the +ships ploughed their way; and, to make the sense perfect, the words +"variis teguntur arboribus" are all that is required as showing the +position of the trees with respect to the river.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">P.S. I have not alluded to the special meaning of active verbs with +accusative (Qy. objective) cases after them, &c.</p> + +<p class="right"> <span title="[Hebrew: A. T.]">ת.א.</span></p> + + + +<p>The Query of your correspondent E<span class="smcap lowercase">RYX</span> has elicited two conflicting +opinions as to the meaning of the words "Viridesque secant placido +quore silvas." Perhaps the following suggestion may help to set the +matter at rest.</p> + +<p>If by these words is meant the cleaving of the shadows on the water, how +could they, with any propriety, be applied to a voyage that was +prosecuted during the darkness of the night as well as by the light of +day?</p> + +<div class="poem"> + + <p> "Olli remigio <i>noctemque</i> diemque fatigant."</p> + +</div> + +<p class="right"> W. B. R.</p> + + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Replies to Minor Queries.</span></h3> + +<h4><span><i>Ell-rake</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span></h4> + +<p>—V<span class="smcap lowercase">ASHTI</span> inquires the derivation of +<i>ell-rake</i> or <i>hell-rake</i>. In this district (the Cotswolds) we generally +suppose the derivation to be from the rake being an ell in width. In the +vale, however (<i>i.e.</i> about Tewkesbury), they are called <i>heel-rakes</i>, +from their being drawn at the heel of the person using them, instead of +being used in front, as rakes ordinarily are.</p> + +<p class="right"> C. H. N.</p> + +<p class="left"> Cirencester.</p> + +<p><i>Heel-rake</i>, <i>Ell-rake</i>, or <i>Hell-rake</i>, is a large rake, which upon +being drawn along the ground the teeth run close to the heels of the +person drawing it. This has given it the name of <i>heel-rake</i>, its right +name. In Shropshire (and probably in other counties also) this has +become contracted into <i>ell-rake</i>.</p> + +<p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ALOPIAN</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Freedom from Serpents</i></span> <span>(Vol. iii., p. 490.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Ireland is not the only +country supposed to be inimical to reptiles. I may perhaps be allowed to +add to the "Note" of your correspondent as to Ireland, that the Maltese +declare that St. Paul after his shipwreck cursed all the venomous +reptiles<a id="rep261"></a> <span class="pagenum">[261]</span> of the island, and banished them for ever, just as St. +Patrick is said to have afterwards treated those of his favourite isle. +Whatever be the cause of it, the fact is alleged by travellers to be +certain, that there are <i>no venomous animals in Malta</i>. "They assured +us" (says Brydone in his <i>Tour through Sicily and Malta</i>, vol. ii. p. +35.) "that vipers have been brought from Sicily, and died almost +immediately on their arrival."</p> + +<p>Although perhaps more strictly coming under the head of folk lore, I may +here advert to the traditions found in several parts of England, that +venomous reptiles were banished by saints who came to live there. I have +read that Keynsham—the hermitage of Keynes, a Cambrian lady, <span class="smcap lowercase">A.D.</span> +490—was infested with serpents, which were converted by her prayers +into the "Serpent-stones"—the <i>Cornua Ammonis</i>—that now cover the +land. A similar story is told at Whitby, where these fine fossils of the +Lias are called "St. Hilda's Serpent-stones;" and so, too, St. Godric, +the famous hermit of Finchale, near Durham, is said to have destroyed +the native race of serpents.</p> + +<p class="right"> W. S. G.</p> + +<p class="left"> Newcastle-upon-Tyne.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Nao, for Naw, for Ship</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 28. 214.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I am obliged to +G<span class="smcap lowercase">OMER</span> for his reference to Davies. In the cited passages from Taliesin +and Meigant, <i>heb naw</i> means without being able to swim. The word <i>nawv</i> +drops its final letter in order to furnish the rhyme. That appears, not +only from the rejection of the word by all lexicographers, but from one +of the manuscripts of Meigant, which actually writes it <i>nawv</i>. I esteem +Davies's translation to be Daviesian.</p> + +<p>By way of a gentle pull at the torques, I will observe, that I am not in +the habit of proving that people "did <i>not</i> possess" a thing, but of +inquiring for the evidence that they did. And when I find that tattooed +and nearly naked people used coracles, and do not find that they used +anything grander, I am led to suspect they did not.</p> + +<p>My answer to the Query, whether it be probable that British warriors +went over to Gaul in coracles is, "Yes, highly so." Rude canoes of +various sorts convey the expeditions of savage islanders in all seas. +And the coracle rendered the Scots of Erin formidable to the Roman +shores of Gaul and Britain. I do not see that the Dorsetshire folk being +"water-dwellers" (if so be they were such) proved them to have used +proper ships, any more than their being "water-drinkers" would prove +them to have used glasses or silver tankards.</p> + +<p>No doubt the name <span title="[Greek: naus]">ναῦς</span> is of the remotest heroic antiquity, and +the first osier bark covered with hides, or even the first excavated +alder trunk, may have been so termed; in connexion with the verbal form +<i>nao</i>, contract. <i>no</i>, <i>nas</i>, pret. <i>navi</i>, to float or swim. But to +"advance that opinion" as to Britain, because two revolted Roman +subjects in this province used the word in the sixth and seventh +centuries after Christ, would be late and tardy proof of the fact; even +supposing that the two bards in question had made use of such a noun, +which I dispute.</p> + +<p class="right"> A. N.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> [This communication should have preceded that in No. 99., p. + 214.]</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>De Grammont</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 233.).</span></h4> + +<p>—On the united authority of messieurs +Auger and Renouard, editors of the works of le comte Antoine Hamilton, +it may be affirmed that there is no edition of the <i>Mmoires du comte de +Grammont</i> anterior to that of 1713. M. Renouard thus expresses himself: +"En 1713 parurent les <i>Mmoires</i>, sans nom d'auteur, en un vol. in-12, +imprim en Hollande sous la date de Cologne."</p> + +<p class="right"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OLTON</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNEY</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>The Termination "-ship"</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 153.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The termination "-ship" +is the Anglo-Saxon <i>scipe</i>, <i>scype</i>, from verb <i>scipan</i>, to create, +form; and hence as a termination of nouns denotes <i>form</i>, <i>condition</i>, +<i>office</i>, <i>dignity</i>.</p> + + +<p class="right"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOS</span>. L<span class="smcap lowercase">AURENCE</span>.</p> + +<p class="left">Ashbey de la Zouch.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>The Five Fingers</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., pp. 150. 193.).</span></h4> + +<p>—With something like +compunction for lavishing on Macrobius and his prosy compeers so many +precious hours of a life that is waning fast, permit me to refer you to +his <i>Saturnalia</i>, vii. 13., ed. Gryph. 1560, p. 722., for the nursery +names of the five fingers. They nearly coincide with those still +denoting those useful implements in one of the Low-Norman isles, to wit, +<i>Gros det</i>, <i>ari det (hari det?)</i>, <i>longuedon</i> or <i>mousqueton</i>, <i>Jean +des sceas</i>, <i>courtelas</i>. The said <i>Jean des sceas</i> is, of course, "John +of the Seals," the "annularis" or ring-finger of Macrobius and the +Anglican Office-Book. Among the Hebrews +<span title="[Hebrew: etsba elohim]">אצבע אלהים</span>, "the finger of God," +denoted His power; and it was the forefinger, among the gods of Greece +and Italy, which wore the ring, the emblem of divine supremacy.</p> + +<p class="right"> G. M.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Marriages within ruined Churches</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 231.).</span></h4> + +<p>—The beautiful +old church of St. John in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, is in ruins. +Having in 1850 asked the old man who points out its battered beauties, +why there were still books in the reading desks, he informed me that +marriages and funeral services were still performed there. This, +however, is my only authority on the subject.</p> + +<p class="right"> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ELEUCUS</span>.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Death of Cervantes</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 116.).</span></h4> + +<p>—No doubt now exists that the +death of Cervantes occurred on the 23rd of April, 1616, and not the 20th +of that month, which Smollett represents as the received date. In the +Spanish Academy's edition, the magnificent one of 1780, as well as in +that of 1797, it is so affirmed. In the former we read that on the 18th +he received the sacrament of extreme unction with great calmness of +spirit. It then adds:<a id="adds262"></a> <span class="pagenum">[262]</span></p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "Igual serenidad mantuvo haste el ltimo punto de la vida. Otorg + testamento dexando por albaceas su muger Doa Catalina de + Salazar, y al Licenciado Francisco Nuez, que vivia en la misma + casa: mand que le sepultasen en las Monjas Trinitarias; y muri + 23 del expresado mes de Abril, de edad de 68 aos, 6 meses, y + 14 dias."</p> + +<p>The coincidence, however, of the renowned Spaniard's death with that of +our Shakspeare, who certainly died apparently on the same day, the 23rd +of April, 1616, on which, at a singularity, Mr. Frere, with others, +dwells, wholly fails; for, in fact, that day in Spain corresponded not +with the 23rd, but the 13th, in England. It is forgotten that the +Gregorian or Reformed Calendar was then adopted in Spain, and that +between it and the unreformed style of England a difference in that +century existed of ten days:—thus, the execution of Charles I., in our +writers, and in the Book of Common Prayer, is always dated on the 30th +of January, while on the continent it is represented as on the 9th of +February. The Reformed Calendar was adopted and promulgated by Pope +Gregory XIII. in 1582, while rejected by England, though acknowledged to +be correct, until 1751, because coming from Rome. This disgraceful +submission to prejudice in repudiation of a demonstrated scientific +truth, practically sanctioned by a Napier, a Newton, a Halley, &c., is +still pursued in the Greek church and Russian empire, where the present +day, the 17th of September, is the 5th.</p> + +<p class="right"> J. R.</p> + +<p class="left"> Cork, Sept. 17.</p> + + + + +<h4><span><i>Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 208.).</span></h4> + +<p>—Although +unable to point out the source whence Jeremy Taylor derived the story to +which A. T<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. alludes, I may be excused for referring your correspondent +to <i>Don Quixote</i>, Part II. book <span class="smcap lowercase">III.</span> chap. xiii., where the story, +somewhat amplified, is given; but with this difference, that the staff +is not broken by the injured person, but by Signor Don Sancho Panza, +Governor of Barataria, before whom the case is brought for adjudication. +That the story was founded on an older one may be well inferred, from +its being stated that "Sancho had heard such a story told by the curate +of his village; and his memory was so tenacious, in retaining everything +he wanted to remember, that there was not such another in the whole +island."</p> + +<p class="right"> C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p> + +<p class="left"> Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Gray's Obligations to Jeremy Taylor</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 204.).</span></h4> + +<p>—I perfectly +agree with R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. in his admiration for Gray; but, to my shame be it +spoken, am not very well read in Jeremy Taylor. R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. would oblige me, as +well as other admirers of "the sweet Lyrist of Peter-house," by +furnishing an example or two of the latter's obligations to the bishop.</p> + +<p>R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. will excuse me if I fail to perceive any great degree of similarity +between his two last quoted passages from Gray and those from Cowley, +which he adduces as parallel. This refers especially to the last +instance, in which I trace scarcely any similarity beyond that of a +place of education and a river being commemorated in each. Would R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>. +supply us with a few more examples of borrowing from Cowley?</p> + +<p>With R<span class="smcap lowercase">T</span>.'s wish for a new edition of Gray, "with the parallel passages +annexed," I cordially coincide. However, failing this new edition, he +will allow me to recommend to his notice (if indeed he has not seen it) +the Eton edition of the poet, with introductory stanzas of great +elegance and beauty, by another of Eton's bards, the Rev. J. Moultrie, +author of that most pathetic little poem "My Brother's Grave."</p> + +<p class="right"> K. S.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Blessing by the Hand</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 74.).</span></h4> + +<p>—An impression of the stamp +on the bread used in the Eucharist in Greece (mentioned in the above +Note) may be seen in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. It was cut off a loaf +in the remarkable monastery of Megaspelion in the Morea, by</p> + +<p class="right"> W. C. T<span class="smcap lowercase">REVELYAN</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Sacre Cheveux</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 208.).</span></h4> + +<p>—This is a literal translation into +heraldic language of the name of the family which uses it for a motto: +<i>Halifax</i> = <i>holy-hair</i>, from the Anglo Saxon <i>hali</i>, or <i>halig</i>, and +<i>fax</i> or <i>feax</i>. Tradition connects the origin of the Yorkshire town of +that name with a head of singular length and beauty of hair, found at or +near the place where the Halifax gibbet used to stand.</p> + +<p class="right"> J. E<span class="smcap lowercase">ASTWOOD</span>.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Pope and Flatman</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 210.).</span></h4> + +<p>—E. V. has entirely overlooked +the very material circumstance that Flatman's poem was cited in your +periodical (Vol. iv., p. 132.) from a book published in 1688, +twenty-four years before the date he assigns to the composition of +Pope's ode. Flatman died 8th December, 1688, and Pope was born 22d May, +1688; so that he was little more than six months old at the time of +Flatman's death. I have now before me the 4th edition of Flatman's +<i>Poems and Songs</i>, London, 8vo., 1686; "A Thought of Death" occurs at p. +55.</p> + +<p class="right"> C. H. C<span class="smcap lowercase">OOPER</span>.</p> + +<p class="left"> Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851.</p> + + + +<h4><span><i>Linteamina and Surplices</i></span> <span>(Vol. iv., p. 192.).</span></h4> + +<p>—In Goar's <i>Rituale +Grcorum</i>, the most complete account is given of the ancient vestments +of the priesthood, from which, or rather from the same source, those of +the Romish and English churches have been derived. The names of these +vestments are <span title="[Greek: stoicharion]">στοιχάριον</span>, +<span title="[Greek: hrarion]">ὡραρίον</span>, +<span title="[Greek: epimanikia]">ἐπιμανίκια</span>, +<span title="[Greek: epitrachlion]">ἐπιτραχήλιον</span>, +<span title="[Greek: zn]">ζώνη</span>, +<span title="[Greek: hypogonation]">ὑπογονάτιον</span>, +<span title="[Greek: phelnion]">φελώνιον</span>, +and <span title="[Greek: epigonation]">ἐπιγονάτιον</span>.</p> + +<p>These were put on and taken off in the presence of the congregation, and +a form of prayer appropriate to each vestment was repeated + (<span title="[Greek: mystiks]">μυστικῶς</span>) by<a id="by263"></a> <span class="pagenum">[263]</span> the priest and deacon. In the notes of Goar and the +accompanying plates, ample information is afforded of the symbolic +meaning of these garments, both in respect of form and colour.</p> + +<p>This meaning, lost to considerable extent by the Romish church, is +recoverable by reference to the Greek rituals, which have retained, +probably with little alteration, the ancient services of the early +Christians. An explanation will therein be found of other matters +besides linteamina and surplices by those who are curious in rituology, +as of the <span title="[Greek: diskon sphragidos, lonch, astriskon, kalymma, + aera, apolysis, hierateion, naon, bma, 'sophia, orthoi,' + eilton, rhipidion, zeon, zesis]">δίσκον σφραγίδος, λόγχη, ἁστηρίσκον, κάλυμμα, + ἀέρα, ἀπόλυσις, ἱερατεῖον, ναὸν, βῆμα, "σοφία, ὀρθοί," + εἰλητόν, ῥιπιδίον, ζεόν, ζέσις</span>, &c.</p> + +<p class="right"> T. J. B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCKTON</span>.</p> + +<p class="left"> Lichfield.</p> + + + + +<h2><span class="bla">Miscellaneous.</span></h2> + +<h3><span>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</span></h3> + + +<p>By all who are interested in the study of early German Poetry and +Literature, the name of Von der Hagen must be gratefully remembered for +the many curious and valuable works which he has published, sometimes +under his sole editorship, at others, in conjunction with Busching, +Primisser, &c. But far exceeding in interest any which he has before +given to the press, especially to English readers, is one which we +received some time since from Messrs. Williams and Norgate, but have +only recently had an opportunity of examining. It is in three thick and +closely printed octavos, and is entitled <i>Gesammtabentheuer: Hundert +altdeutsche Erzhlungen, Ritter-und Pfaffen-Mren, Stadt-und +Dorfgeschichten, Schwnke, Wundersagen und Legenden, meist zum erstenmal +gedruckt</i>, &c. This collection embraces, as the title accurately enough +describes, a hundred early German Stories of every possible kind, +Stories of Knights and Friars, of Cities and Villages, Merry Jests, +Tales of Wonder, and Legends; and resembles in many respects the popular +collections of French Fabliaux edited by Barbazan, Le Grand d'Aussy, &c. +These are for the most part now printed for the first time; and besides +the illustrations they afford of that love of humour, a characteristic +of the German mind the existence of which it has been too much the +fashion to deny, and to which we owe <i>Owlglas</i> and the <i>Schildburger</i>, +these "hundred merry Tales" are of no small importance for the light +they throw upon the history of Fiction—a subject which, in spite of the +labour bestowed upon it by Dunlop, Walter Scott, Palgrave, and +Keightley, is yet very far from being fully developed.</p> + +<p>The new part of <i>The Traveller's Library</i> contains Mr. Macaulay's +brilliant essays on Ranke's <i>History of the Popes</i>, and Gladstone <i>On +Church and State</i>.</p> + +<p>Messrs. Longman having become the sole proprietors of that valuable +series of works <i>The Cabinet Cyclopdia</i>, have announced a re-issue of +them at the reduced price of three shillings and sixpence per volume, +instead of six shillings, at which they were originally published.</p> + + +<p>C<span class="smcap lowercase">ATALOGUES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. +29. of Books Old and New; Sotheran, Son and Draper's (Tower Street, +Eastcheap) Book Reporter No. 3. Miscellaneous Catalogue of Old and New +Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Seventy-third Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 34. of Oriental +Literature, &c.</p> + + + +<h3><span>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES<br /> +WANTED TO PURCHASE.</span></h3> + +<p class="noindent"> F<span class="smcap lowercase">EARNE'S</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">SSAY ON</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">UMAN</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">ONSCIOUSNESS</span>, 4to.</p> +<p class="noindent"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ISHOP</span> K<span class="smcap lowercase">IDDER'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NTHONY</span> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ORNECK</span>.</p> +<p class="noindent"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">IGHE'S</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">IFE OF</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">AW</span>.</p> +<p class="noindent"> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACROPEDII</span>, H<span class="smcap lowercase">ECASTUS</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ABULA</span>. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539.</p> +<p class="noindent"> O<span class="smcap lowercase">MNES</span> G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGII</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ACROPEDII</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">ABUL</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMIC</span>. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo.</p> +<p class="noindent"> O<span class="smcap lowercase">THONIS</span> L<span class="smcap lowercase">EXICON</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBINICUM</span>.</p> +<p class="noindent"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">LATO</span>. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition.</p> +<p class="noindent"> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ARKINSON'S</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ERMONS</span>. Vol. I.</p> +<p class="noindent"> A<span class="smcap lowercase">THENUM</span>. Oct. and Nov. 1848. parts CCL., CCLI.</p> +<p class="noindent"> W<span class="smcap lowercase">ILLIS'</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RICE</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">URRENT</span>. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.-XLV.</p> +<p class="noindent"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBI</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">ALOMON</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARCHI</span> (R<span class="smcap lowercase">ASCHI</span>) C<span class="smcap lowercase">OMMENTAR</span> <span class="smcap lowercase">BER DEN</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">ENTATEUCH VON</span> L. H<span class="smcap lowercase">AYMANN</span>. Bonn, 1833.</p> +<p class="noindent"> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ABBI</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">OLOMON</span> J<span class="smcap lowercase">ARCHI</span> (R<span class="smcap lowercase">ASCHI</span>) <span class="smcap lowercase">BER DAS</span> E<span class="smcap lowercase">RSTE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">UCH</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">OSIS VON</span> L. H<span class="smcap lowercase">AYMANN</span>. Bonn, 1833.</p> +<p class="noindent"> No. 3. of S<span class="smcap lowercase">UMMER</span> P<span class="smcap lowercase">RODUCTIONS</span>, or P<span class="smcap lowercase">ROGRESSIVE</span> M<span class="smcap lowercase">ISCELLANIES</span>, by Thomas Johnson. London, 1790.</p> +<p class="noindent"> H<span class="smcap lowercase">ISTORY OF</span> V<span class="smcap lowercase">IRGINIA</span>. Folio. London, 1624.</p> +<p class="noindent"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">POLOGETICS OF</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">THENAGORAS</span>, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. 8vo.</p> +<p class="noindent"> B<span class="smcap lowercase">OVILLUS DE</span> A<span class="smcap lowercase">NIM</span> I<span class="smcap lowercase">MMORTALITATE, ETC</span>. Lugduni, 1522. 4to.</p> +<p class="noindent"> K<span class="smcap lowercase">UINOEL'S</span> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OV</span>. T<span class="smcap lowercase">EST</span>. Tom. I.</p> +<p class="noindent"> T<span class="smcap lowercase">HE</span> F<span class="smcap lowercase">RIEND</span>, by Coleridge. Vol III. Pickering.</p> + + + +<p class="indh6"><span class="topnum">*</span><span class="botnum">*</span><span class="topnum">*</span> Letters stating particulars and lowest price, + <i>carriage free</i>, to be sent to M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + + +<h3><span class="bla">Notices To Correspondents.</span></h3> + + +<p> M<span class="smcap lowercase">R</span>. H<span class="smcap lowercase">ALLAM'S</span> <i>Letter did not reach us in time for publication + this week; and is consequently, with several other valuable + communications, unavoidably postponed until our next Number.</i></p> + +<p> T. C. S. <i>Will our correspondent oblige us with a copy of the</i> + "Poetical Coincidences" <i>to which he refers? It shall have + immediate attention.</i></p> + +<p> J. C. W. <i>We are not sure what our correspondent means by Chaucer + Forgery. Is he aware of the passages from his</i> "House of Fame," + <i>printed in our 80th Number?</i></p> + +<p> R. S. T., <i>whose Query respecting an</i> "Early German Virgil" + <i>appeared in</i> No. 91. p. 57., <i>is requested to favour us with his + address.</i></p> + +<p> R<span class="smcap lowercase">EPLIES</span> R<span class="smcap lowercase">ECEIVED</span>.—<i>The Eighth Climate—A little Bird told + me—Bummaree—Proverb of James I.—Stanzas in Childe + Harold—Parish Registers—Sanford's Descensus—Printing—Matthew + Paris's Historia Minor—North Side of Churchyards—Down on the + Nail—Michaelmas Goose—Passage in George Herbert—Passage from + Virgil—Curfew—Grimsdyke—Byron's Son of the Morning—Fides + Carbonaria—Ancient Language of Egypt—Wyle Cop—Conquest of + Scotland—Anagrams—Suicides' Graves—Borough-English—Pope's + Honest Factor—Covine—Jewel's Works—Medical Use of + Pigeons—Post Pascha—Linteamina and Surplices—Shakspeare's + Antony and Cleopatra—Termination "-ship"—King's Way, + Wilts—Stickle and Dray—Harris, Painter in Water + Colours—Finkle—Equestrian Statue of Elizabeth—Going the whole + Hog—Meaning of Nervous—Winifreda—The Willow Garland—Brother + Johnathan—Expressions in Milton, &c.</i></p> + +<p> <i>Copies of our</i> Prospectus, <i>according to the suggestion of</i> T. + E. H., <i>will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist + us by circulating them.</i></p> + +<p> V<span class="smcap lowercase">OLS.</span> I., II., <i>and</i> III., <i>with very copious Indices, may still + be had, price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.</i></p> + +<p> N<span class="smcap lowercase">OTES AND</span> Q<span class="smcap lowercase">UERIES</span> <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that our + country Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription + for the Stamped Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be + paid by Post-office Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,</i> + MR. G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, 186. Fleet Street; <i>to whose care all communications + for the Editor should be<a id="be264"></a> addressed.</i> <span class="pagenum">[264]</span></p> + + + + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap"> WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY + SOCIETY,</p> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> +<p class="noindent"> Founded A.D. 1812.</p> +</div> + +<p> <i>Directors.</i></p> + +<p class="noindent">H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> William Cabell, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P.</p> +<p class="noindent"> G. Henry Drew, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> William Evans, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> William Freeman, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> F. Fuller, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> J. Henry Goodhart, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> T. Grissell, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> James Hunt, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq.</p> +<p class="noindent"> E. 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With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life +Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY. M.A., Actuary to the Western Life +Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"> Just Published, Vols. III. and IV., 8vo. price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND: with Sketches of their Lives and Miscellaneous +Notices connected with the Court at Westminster from the time of the +Conquest. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A., of the Inner Temple.</p> + +<p class="center"> Lately published, Vols. I. and II. in 8vo, price 28<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + +<p class="blockquot"> "We spoke fully of the plan of this very able work on the + appearance of the first and second volumes. The portion before us + is in no respect inferior to that which was first published. It + is now manifest that, quite apart from any biographical interest + belonging to it, the work, in its complete state, will supply a + regular and progressive account of English Legal institutions, + such as exists in no other equally accessible form in our + language.... So completed, it will be a work of the highest + merit—original in research, careful and conscientious in detail, + bringing forward much that is new in connexion with the subject, + correcting much that was doubtful in previous writers who have + handled it, and supplying the best general view of our strictly + legal history which any historian or jurist has yet aimed or + attempted to give."—<i>Examiner.</i></p> + +<p class="center"> London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center1"> NEW EDITION OF SHARON TURNER'S HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS.</p> + + <p class="center"> In October will be published, a New Edition, in 3 vols. 8vo.</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">HISTORY OF THE ANGLO-SAXONS, from the Earliest Period to the Norman +Conquest. By SHARON TURNER, F.A.S and R.A.S.L.; Author of "Sacred +History of the World," &c. Seventh Edition.</p> + + + <p class="center"> London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> This day is published,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">THE LILY AND THE BEE; An APOLOGUE of the CRYSTAL PALACE. By SAMUEL +WARREN, F.R.S., Author of "Ten Thousand a-Year," &c. In small 8vo. price +5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="center"> WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="boxad"> + + <p class="center"> Next week will be published,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">MEMOIRS and ADVENTURES of SIR JOHN HEPBURN, KNIGHT. Colonel of the Scots +Brigade in Sweden, Governor of Munich, and Marshal of France under Louis +XIII. By JAMES GRANT. Esq., author of "Memoirs of Kirkaldy of Grange," +&c. in 1 vol. post 8vo.</p> + +<p class="center"> WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center">Just published, in one volume. 4to. with numerous Illustrations, price</p> +<p class="center"> One Guinea,</p> + +<p class="noindent cap">ICONOGRAPHY OF THE WEST FRONT OF WELLS CATHEDRAL. With an Appendix on +the Sculptures of other Medival Churches in England. By CHARLES ROBERT +COCKERELL, R.A., Professor of Architecture in the Royal Academy of +London, D.C.L.</p> + +<p class="center"> JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="center"> ALMANACKS FOR 1852.</p> + + +<p class="blockquot cap">THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in addition +to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use, a List of +the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, +Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges connected with the Church +of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together +with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an +Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which +is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council +on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; +mostly compiled from original sources.</p> + +<p class="blockquot">WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will contain a +Diary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for +Public Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for +Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the +Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops +of the Scottish and American Churches; and Particulars respecting the +Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; Together with Statistics of the +various Religious Sects in England; Particulars of the Societies +connected with the Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both +Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, +Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and +a variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most +complete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen.</p> + +<p class="center">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London.</p> + +</div> + + + +<div class="boxad"> + +<p class="noindent cap">LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.—</p> + +<p class="i7">Patron—His Royal Highness Prince ALBERT.</p> + +<p>This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 +volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English and +foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of the +members, supplied with the best English and foreign Periodicals.</p> + +<p>Terms of admission—entrance fee, 6<i>l.</i>; annual subscription, 2<i>l.</i>; or +entrance fee and life subscription, 26<i>l.</i></p> + +<p class="i7"> By order of the Committee.</p> + +<p class="i9"> J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian.</p> + +<p class="i7">September, 1851. </p> + +</div> + + + + <p class="indh"> Printed by T<span class="smcap lowercase">HOMAS</span> C<span class="smcap lowercase">LARK</span> S<span class="smcap lowercase">HAW</span>, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. + 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of + London; and published by G<span class="smcap lowercase">EORGE</span> B<span class="smcap lowercase">ELL</span>, of No. 186, Fleet Street, + in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, October + 4. 1851.</p> + + + + +<div class="tnbox"> + + +<p class="noindent">Transcriber's Note: Ϲ (Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol) + rather than Σ has been used in some words to reproduce the characters exactly. Original spelling varieties have not been standardized. </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"><a id="pageslist1"></a><a title="Return to top" href="#was_added1"> Pages + in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV</a> </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. I. </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 1 November 3, 1849. Pages 1 - 17 PG # 8603 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 2 November 10, 1849. Pages 18 - 32 PG # 11265 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 3 November 17, 1849. Pages 33 - 46 PG # 11577 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 4 November 24, 1849. Pages 49 - 63 PG # 13513 </p> + +</div> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 5 December 1, 1849. Pages 65 - 80 PG # 11636 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 6 December 8, 1849. Pages 81 - 95 PG # 13550 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 7 December 15, 1849. Pages 97 - 112 PG # 11651 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 8 December 22, 1849. Pages 113 - 128 PG # 11652 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 9 December 29, 1849. Pages 130 - 144 PG # 13521 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 10 January 5, 1850. Pages 145 - 160 PG # </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 11 January 12, 1850. Pages 161 - 176 PG # 11653 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 12 January 19, 1850. Pages 177 - 192 PG # 11575 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 13 January 26, 1850. Pages 193 - 208 PG # 11707 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 14 February 2, 1850. Pages 209 - 224 PG # 13558 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 15 February 9, 1850. Pages 225 - 238 PG # 11929 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 16 February 16, 1850. Pages 241 - 256 PG # 16193 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 17 February 23, 1850. Pages 257 - 271 PG # 12018 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 18 March 2, 1850. Pages 273 - 288 PG # 13544 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 19 March 9, 1850. Pages 289 - 309 PG # 13638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 20 March 16, 1850. Pages 313 - 328 PG # 16409 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 21 March 23, 1850. Pages 329 - 343 PG # 11958 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 22 March 30, 1850. Pages 345 - 359 PG # 12198 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 23 April 6, 1850. Pages 361 - 376 PG # 12505 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 24 April 13, 1850. Pages 377 - 392 PG # 13925 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 25 April 20, 1850. Pages 393 - 408 PG # 13747 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 26 April 27, 1850. Pages 409 - 423 PG # 13822 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 27 May 4, 1850. Pages 425 - 447 PG # 13712 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 28 May 11, 1850. Pages 449 - 463 PG # 13684 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 29 May 18, 1850. Pages 465 - 479 PG # 15197 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. I No. 30 May 25, 1850. Pages 481 - 495 PG # 13713 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. II. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 31 June 1, 1850. Pages 1- 15 PG # 12589 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 32 June 8, 1850. Pages 17- 32 PG # 15996 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 33 June 15, 1850. Pages 33- 48 PG # 26121 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 34 June 22, 1850. Pages 49- 64 PG # 22127 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 35 June 29, 1850. Pages 65- 79 PG # 22126 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 36 July 6, 1850. Pages 81- 96 PG # 13361 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 37 July 13, 1850. Pages 97-112 PG # 13729 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 38 July 20, 1850. Pages 113-128 PG # 13362 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 39 July 27, 1850. Pages 129-143 PG # 13736 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 40 August 3, 1850. Pages 145-159 PG # 13389 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 41 August 10, 1850. Pages 161-176 PG # 13393 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 42 August 17, 1850. Pages 177-191 PG # 13411 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 43 August 24, 1850. Pages 193-207 PG # 13406 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 44 August 31, 1850. Pages 209-223 PG # 13426 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 45 September 7, 1850. Pages 225-240 PG # 13427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 46 September 14, 1850. Pages 241-256 PG # 13462 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 47 September 21, 1850. Pages 257-272 PG # 13936 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 48 September 28, 1850. Pages 273-288 PG # 13463 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 49 October 5, 1850. Pages 289-304 PG # 13480 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 50 October 12, 1850. Pages 305-320 PG # 13551 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 51 October 19, 1850. Pages 321-351 PG # 15232 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 52 October 26, 1850. Pages 353-367 PG # 22624 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 53 November 2, 1850. Pages 369-383 PG # 13540 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 54 November 9, 1850. Pages 385-399 PG # 22138 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 55 November 16, 1850. Pages 401-415 PG # 15216 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 56 November 23, 1850. Pages 417-431 PG # 15354 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 57 November 30, 1850. Pages 433-454 PG # 15405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 58 December 7, 1850. Pages 457-470 PG # 21503 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 59 December 14, 1850. Pages 473-486 PG # 15427 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 60 December 21, 1850. Pages 489-502 PG # 24803 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. II No. 61 December 28, 1850. Pages 505-524 PG # 16404 </p> + +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. III. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 62 January 4, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 15638 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 63 January 11, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 15639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 64 January 18, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 15640 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 65 January 25, 1851. Pages 49- 78 PG # 15641 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 66 February 1, 1851. Pages 81- 95 PG # 22339 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 67 February 8, 1851. Pages 97-111 PG # 22625 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 68 February 15, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 22639 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 69 February 22, 1851. Pages 129-159 PG # 23027 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 70 March 1, 1851. Pages 161-174 PG # 23204 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 71 March 8, 1851. Pages 177-200 PG # 23205 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 72 March 15, 1851. Pages 201-215 PG # 23212 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 73 March 22, 1851. Pages 217-231 PG # 23225 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 74 March 29, 1851. Pages 233-255 PG # 23282 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 75 April 5, 1851. Pages 257-271 PG # 23402 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 76 April 12, 1851. Pages 273-294 PG # 26896 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 77 April 19, 1851. Pages 297-311 PG # 26897 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 78 April 26, 1851. Pages 313-342 PG # 26898 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 79 May 3, 1851. Pages 345-359 PG # 26899 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 80 May 10, 1851. Pages 361-382 PG # 32495 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 81 May 17, 1851. Pages 385-399 PG # 29318 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 82 May 24, 1851. Pages 401-415 PG # 28311 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 83 May 31, 1851. Pages 417-440 PG # 36835 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 84 June 7, 1851. Pages 441-472 PG # 37379 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 85 June 14, 1851. Pages 473-488 PG # 37403 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 86 June 21, 1851. Pages 489-511 PG # 37496 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. III No. 87 June 28, 1851. Pages 513-528 PG # 37516 </p> +</div> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p class="noindent"> Notes and Queries Vol. IV. </p> + +<p class="noindent"> Vol., No., Date, Year, Pages, PG # </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 88 July 5, 1851. Pages 1- 15 PG # 37548 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 89 July 12, 1851. Pages 17- 31 PG # 37568 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 90 July 19, 1851. Pages 33- 47 PG # 37593 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 91 July 26, 1851. Pages 49- 79 PG # 37778 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 92 August 2, 1851. Pages 81- 94 PG # 38324 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 93 August 9, 1851. Pages 97-112 PG # 38337 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 94 August 16, 1851. Pages 113-127 PG # 38350 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 95 August 23, 1851. Pages 129-144 PG # 38386 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 96 August 30, 1851. Pages 145-167 PG # 38405 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 97 Sept. 6, 1851. Pages 169-183 PG # 38433 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 98 Sept. 13, 1851. Pages 185-200 PG # 38491 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 99 Sept. 20, 1851. Pages 201-216 PG # 38574 </p> +<p class="noindent"> Vol. IV No. 100 Sept. 27, 1851. Pages 217-246 PG # 38656 </p> +</div> + +<div class="box"> +<p class="noindent"> Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] PG # 13536 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 PG # 13571 </p> +<p class="noindent"> INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 PG # 26770 </p> + </div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +101, October 4, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38701-h.htm or 38701-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/7/0/38701/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + + </body> + </html> diff --git a/38701-h/images/cover.jpg b/38701-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..96b1c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/38701-h/images/cover.jpg diff --git a/38701.txt b/38701.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d19d118 --- /dev/null +++ b/38701.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2631 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, +October 4, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 101, October 4, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: January 28, 2012 [EBook #38701] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts, or _emphasis_ in Greek. A list of volumes and pages in +"Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 101. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 4. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Battle of Brunanburgh, by Dr. Thurnam 249 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 250 + + Accuracy Of Printing 250 + + Folk Lore:--Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned--Tom + Chipperfeild--East Norfolk Folk Lore 251 + + Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor, by James Crossley 251 + + Cowley and Gray, No. 11. 252 + + Minor Notes:--Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery--Westminster + Hall--Meaning of "Log-ship"--Locusts of the New Testament 254 + + QUERIES:-- + + Coinage of Vabalathus, Prince of Palmyra, by the Rev. + E. S. Taylor 255 + + Minor Queries:--Chaucer, how pronounced--The Island of + AEgina--Statute of Limitations Abroad--Tapestry Story of + Justinian--Praed's Works--Folietani--Berlin Mean + Time--Defoe's House at Stoke Newington--Oxford + Fellowships--Leonard Fell and Judge Fell--"Cleanliness + is next to Godliness"--Davies Queries 255 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Poet referred to by Bacon--The + Violin--Sir Thomas Malory, Knt.--Archbishop of + Spalatro--Play of "The Spaniards in Peru"--Selion 257 + + REPLIES:-- + + Prophecies of Nostradamus 258 + + Borough-English 259 + + Passage in Virgil 260 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Ell-rake--Freedom from + Serpents--Nao, for Naw, for Ship--De Grammont--The + Termination "-ship"--The Five Fingers--Marriages within + ruined Churches--Death of Cervantes--Story referred to + by Jeremy Taylor--Gray's Obligations to Jeremy + Taylor--Blessing by the Hand--Sacre Cheveux--Pope and + Flatman--Linteamina and Surplices 260 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 263 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 263 + + Notices to Correspondents 263 + + Advertisements 264 + + + + +Notes. + + +BATTLE OF BRUNANBURGH. + +It is remarkable that the site of this great battle, the effects of +which were so important to the Anglo-Saxon power, remains to this day +undetermined. + +The several chroniclers who describe it give various names to the +locality, though modern authors generally adopt the name of Brunanburgh +or "Town of the Fountains." Not however to insist on such variations in +the name as Brunandune, Bruneberik, Bruneford, and Brumby, Simeon of +Durham describes the battle as occurring at a place named Wendune, +otherwise Weondune, to which moreover he assigns the further name of +Ethrunnanwerch. The locality has been sought for in most improbable +places,--in Northumberland and Cheshire. There can, however, be little +or no doubt that this Waterloo of the Anglo-Saxons, as it has been +called, is really to be found in the immediate neighbourhood of the +Humber; though, whether on the northern or southern bank of that river +seems quite uncertain: so far at least as the evidence hitherto adduced +affords us the means of judging. In the Winchester volume of the British +Archaeological Association, MR. HESLEDEN states his belief that he has +traced the site of this battle on the south of the Humber, near Barton +in Lincolnshire; but the evidence on which he grounds this opinion, +whilst demanding for this locality further consideration, seems to me +far from conclusive. MR. HESLEDEN describes some curious earth-works in +this situation, and thinks he has discovered the site of Anlaff's camp +at Barrow, and that of Athelstan at Burnham (formerly, as he informs us, +written "Brunnum"), where is an eminence called "Black Hold," which he +thinks was the actual seat of the battle. At Barrow are places called +"_Barrow Bogs_" and "_Blow Wells_." Does MR. HESLEDEN think we have here +any reference to the "fountains" giving their name to Brunanburgh? + +It is very desirable, in a topographical and historical point of view, +that the site of this remarkable contest between the Anglo-Saxons and +the allied Scandinavians and British _reguli_ under Anlaff, should be +determined on satisfactory data; and the allusion to it by MR. HESLEDEN, +in a recent communication to "NOTES AND QUERIES" (Vol. iv., p. 180.), +induces me to call the attention of your readers, and of that gentleman +in particular, to some mention of this battle, topographically not +unimportant, which is to be found in Egil's _Saga_; the hero of which +was himself a combatant at Brunanburgh, under the standard of Athelstan, +and which appears to have escaped the observation of those who have +discussed the probable site of this deadly encounter. The circumstantial +account to be found in the _Saga_, chap. lii. and liii., has not been +overlooked by Sharon Turner, who however does not quote the passages +having a special topographical interest. It is remarkable that the name +of Wendune, for which among Anglo-Saxon writers there appears the single +authority of Simeon of Durham, is confirmed by the testimony of the +_Saga_: at least there can be little doubt, that the _Vinheida_ of the +_Saga_ is but a Norse form for the Wendun or Weondune of the Anglo-Saxon +chronicler. The natural and other features of the locality are not +neglected by the author of the _Saga_, who describes it as a wild and +uncultivated spot, surrounded by woods, having the town of _Vinheida_ +not far distant on the north. These particulars I take from the Latin of +the _Saga_; but the reader of the Icelandic would possibly find more +minute characteristics, which may have been lost in the process of +translation. As, by his residence in the neighbourhood, MR. HESLEDEN is +favourably situated for the further prosecution of this inquiry, I +should be glad to find whether his conclusion as to the site of the +battle received confirmation, or otherwise, from the passages of the +_Saga_ to which I have now ventured to direct attention. + +I may here observe, that if we consider the situation of _Jorvik_, or +York, the capital of the then Norse kingdom of Northumbria, we shall +perhaps conclude that it was on the Yorkshire rather than on the +Lincolnshire side of the Humber, that-- + + "Athelstan, king, + of earls the Lord, + of heroes the bracelet-giver, + And his brother eke, + Edmund etheling, + life-long-glory + in battle won + with edges of swords + near Brumby." + +This conclusion is to some extent confirmed, when we connect with the +above the tradition or historical fact, whichever we regard it, that it +was after this battle that Athelstan, in redemption of a previous vow, +made various costly offerings on the altar of St. John of Beverley, and +endowed that church with great privileges, the memory of which exists to +the present day. It must however be admitted, that such a presumption is +anything but conclusive in regard to a topographical question of this +description. In conclusion, I would suggest that the Domesday Book for +Yorkshire and Lincolnshire should be carefully examined, in order to +ascertain whether the place in question, under any of the names assigned +to it, is there to be found. + + JOHN THURNAM, M.D. + + Devizes. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + + "Sans titres on fait des romans; pour ecrire l'histoire il faut + des preuves authentiques, des monumens certains."--J. J. Oberlin, + _Annales de la vie de Jean Gutenberg_. + +Gratified by the approbation with which my suggestion of a _Caxton +memorial_ has been received, both publicly and privately, and acquiring +fresh confidence in its success, it is my intention to make a second +appeal to the lovers of literature when the excitement of the present +year shall have passed away, and home-subjects shall re-assume their +wonted powers of attraction. + +In the mean time, I recommend an assemblage of notes on the life and +works of Caxton, designed to correct current errors; to expose baseless +conjectures; to indicate probable sources of information, or to furnish +such novel information as research may produce; and to assist in +establishing the principles on which such a memorial as that suggested +should be prepared and edited. + +In justification of this advice, I must express my belief that there +have been few men of celebrity on whose life and labours so many +erroneous statements, and inadmissible conjectures, have been published +in works of general repute. + +Requesting the favour of contributions to _The Caxton coffer_ from such +persons as may take an interest in the success of the enterprise, I now +proceed to set an example:-- + + "I have a great number of books printed by Caxton, and in very + good condition, except a very few. I think the number is + forty-two. Have you any notes relating to that good honest man? I + think he deserves those titles, and if I may add industrious + too."--Edward, earl of Oxford, to Thomas Hearne, 1731. + + "In Osborne's shop-catalogue for 1749, No. 5954, occurs the + 'Catalogue of the late E. of Oxford's library, as it was + purchased, (being the original) inlaid with royal paper, in 16 + vols. 4to. with the prices prefixed to each book--pr. 10. 10. + 0.--N.B. There never was any other copy of this catalogue with the + prices added to it.'--The same article, at the same price, is + repeated in his cat. for 1750, No. 6583, and for 1751, No. + 6347--after which, being discontinued in his subsequent cats. it + was probably sold. Qu'y. to whom and where is it now?"--Richard + Heber, c. 1811. + +The first of the above notes is copied from _Letters written by eminent +persons_, London [Oxford], 1813. 8o. The second note, which concludes +with a _query_, forms part of some manuscript memoranda, now in my +possession, on the matchless library to which it refers. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +ACCURACY OF PRINTING. + +Much of the _copy_ forwarded by the contributors to "NOTES AND QUERIES" +contains quotations from old books; which I presume are accurately +given, without alteration of spelling or punctuation. The difficulty is +this; that the printer, or perhaps even the editor, may sometimes alter +what he supposes to be a _contributor's_ error of copying. Thus, in +Query 93. (Vol. iv., p. 151.), there is _medulla grammaticae_, where I +wrote _grammatice_, as in my authority: but the vile punctuation of the +subsequent extract (which is also that of the original) is duly +preserved. It would be desirable to have some symbol by which to call +attention to the fact that some glaring error is real quotation, and is +to be preserved in printing. For example, an indented line (~~~~) drawn +under the words in question, or at the side, would warn the printer that +he is not to correct any error, however gross. If you would suggest +this, or any other method, and request your contributors generally to +adopt it, an increased degree of confidence in the quotations would +result. + + "Nec [sic] intersit nisi dignus vindice nodus + Inciderit." + + M. + + [We are quite alive to the importance of our correspondent's + suggestion. The excuse for such corrections by compositors and + readers is, that copy frequently comes into their hands in such a + state, that if they did not exercise a power somewhat beyond the + strict limit of their duty, they would commit greater sins, and + give more of offence both to writers and readers. It may be feared + that some compositors would not know what was meant by an indented + line, and would (especially if it was not carefully made) take it + as a direction for _Italics_. The object may, however, probably be + attained by the writer's placing in the margin, or in the line, or + between the lines, so as to be either above or below the + particular word or phrase to which it is meant to refer, the word + "sic," with a line completely round it. All persons concerned in + the practical part of printing understand, that "matter" which is + thus circumscribed or circumlineated, is not to be printed, but is + a private communication for the benefit of such readers of the + written copy as it may concern. If there are many lines which + require this caution, it will generally be enough to mark one or + two of the first instances, for that will suffice to show that the + writer knows that he is doing, and means to do, what looks as if + it wanted correction. + + We are inclined to add one suggestion, for which this seems to be + a good opportunity, because it is peculiarly inapplicable to the + correspondent who has drawn from us these remarks. It is this, + that as those who know that they are telling a story which is + likely to excite doubt, take more than usual care to put on a + grave and honest countenance, so those who know that they are + writing what is bad or questionable in grammar, spelling, &c., + should use the precaution of being peculiarly legible.] + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Discovering the bodies of the Drowned_ (Vol. iv., p. 148.). It is +curious that a similar practice to that of discovering the bodies of the +drowned by loading a loaf with mercury, and putting it afloat on the +stream, extracted from the _Gent. Mag._, seems to exist among the North +American Indians. Sir James Alexander, in his account of Canada +(_L'Acadie_, 2 vols., 1849), says, p. 26.:-- + + "The Indians imagine that in the case of a drowned body, its place + may be discovered by floating a chip of cedar wood, which will + stop and turn round over the exact spot: an instance occurred + within my own knowledge, in the case of Mr. Lavery of Kingston + Mill, whose boat overset, and the person was drowned near Cedar + Island; nor could the body be discovered until this experiment was + resorted to." + + S.W. + + Liverpool, Sept. 1851. + +_Tom Chipperfeild, &c._--In Herrick's _Works_ (W. and C. Tait, +Edinburgh, 1823), p. 216., are the following lines: + + "_To his Booke._ + + "The dancing frier, tatter'd in the bush, + Those monstrous lies of little Robin Rush; + _Tom Chipperfeild_, and pritty lisping _Ned_, + That doted on a maide of gingerbread. + The _flying pilcher_, and the _frisking dace_, + With all the rabble of _Tim Trundell's_ race, + Bred from the dunghils and adulterous rhimes, + Shall live, and thou not superlast all times?" + +Can any of your correspondents versed in the folk lore of the West of +England give me any explanation of _Tom Chipperfeild_ and Co.? + + E.N.W. + + Southwark. + +_East Norfolk Folk Lore_ (Vol. iv., p. 53.).--Cure for Ague. The cure +mentioned by MR. E.S. TAYLOR above, I have just learnt has been +practised with much success by some lady friends of mine for some years +past amongst the poor of the parishes in which they have lived. From the +number of cures effected by them, I have sent the same application (with +the exception of using ginger instead of honey) to a relative of mine in +India, who has been suffering from ague acutely, and am anxiously +waiting to hear the result. It would be satisfactory to have the medical +nature of the remedy, as well as its effects, accounted for; but I fear +this would be considered as out of your province. + + W.H.P. + + +SERMON OF BISHOP JEREMY TAYLOR. + +I have a 12mo. volume entitled-- + + "Christ's Yoke an easy Yoke, and yet the Gate to Heaven a straight + Gate: in two excellent Sermons, well worthy the serious Perusal of + the strictest Professors. By a Learned and Reverend Divine. Heb. + xi. 4.: _Who being dead yet speaketh_. London, printed for F. + Smith, at the Elephant and Castle, near the Royal Exchange in + Cornhill, 1675." + +Pp. 92., Exclusive of Preface. + +Facing the title-page is a portrait of Bishop Taylor, engraved by Van +Hove. The Preface, without mentioning the author's name, informs the +reader that the two sermons following, "by means of a person of Honour +yet living, are now come into the press for public use and benefit." The +first sermon is on Matt. xi. 30.: "For my Yoke is easy, and my Burthen +is light;" and is contained in Taylor's _Life of Christ_ (Eden's edit. +of his _Works_, vol. ii. pp. 515-528.). The second sermon is on Luke +xiii. 23, 24., and begins "The life of a Christian is a perpetual +contention for mastery;" and ends, "If we strive according to his holy +Injunctions, we shall certainly enter, according to his holy promises, +but else upon condition." This sermon does not appear, as far as I have +been able to discover, in any collection of Taylor's Works, nor amongst +his Sermons in the new edition; nor do I find the volume itself noticed +by any of his biographers. It would be extraordinary if, when so much +has been printed as part of his works which did not belong to him, a +sermon indisputably his should have been omitted by all his various +editors; a sermon, too, which every reader will allow to be a fine one. +Perhaps the rev. editor of the new edition of Taylor's _Works_ can +explain the reason of this omission. I shall be glad to be corrected if +I have overlooked the sermon in any part of the Bishop's collected +Works. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + + +COWLEY AND GRAY, NO. II. + +Gray, when alluding to Shakspeare, in his Pindaric ode on "The Progress +of Poesy," had probably Cowley in memory: + + "Far from the sun and summer gale, + In thy green lap was Nature's Darling laid, + What time, where lucid Avon stray'd. + To him the mighty mother did unveil + Her awful face: _the dauntless child + Stretch'd forth his little arms and smil'd_." + +Wakefield, in one of his notes, remarks on this-- + + "An allusion perhaps, to that verse of Virgil, + + "'Incipe, parve puer, risu cognoscere matrem.'" + +Instead of Virgil, I suspect that Gray was thinking of the first Nemean +Ode of Pindar, wherein the infant Hercules is described as strangling +the snakes sent to destroy him by Juno: + + "[Greek: ho d' orthon + men anteinen kara, + peirato de proton machas, + dissaisi doious auchenon + marpsas aphyktois chersin heais ophias.]" + +Let me give a portion of Cowley's translation: + + "The big-limb'd babe in his huge cradle lay, + Too weighty to be rock'd by nurse's hands, + Wrapt in purple swaddling bands; + When, lo! by jealous Juno's fierce commands, + Two dreadful serpents come. + + "All naked from her bed the passionate mother lept + To save, or perish with her child, + She trembled, and she cry'd; the mighty infant smiled: + The mighty infant seem'd well pleased + At his gay gilded foes, + And as their spotted necks up to the cradle rose, + _With his young warlike hands on both he seiz'd_." + +The stretching forth of the child's hands he found in Pindar and Cowley; +his "smiling" in Cowley alone, for there is no trace of it in the +original. While speaking of Gray, one scarcely likes alluding to that +great _whetstone_, Dr. Johnson; for certainly the darkest shade on his +well-merited literary reputation arises from his unjust, ill-natured, +and unscholarlike criticisms upon a poet whose sole transgression was to +have been his cotemporary. But Johnson eulogises Shakspeare, as did +Gray, and I cannot help thinking that he, as well as Gray, was indebted +to Cowley: _e.g._ Johnson writes: + + "When Learning's triumph o'er her barb'rous foes + First rear'd the stage, immortal Shakspeare rose; + Each change of many-colour'd life he drew, + Exhausted worlds, and then imagin'd new: + Existence saw him spurn her bounded reign, + _And panting Time toil'd after him in vain_." + + _Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick at the opening of the Theatre + Royal, Drury Lane, 1747._ + + "He did the utmost bounds of knowledge find; + He found them not so large as was his mind, + But, like the large Pellaean youth, did mone + Because that art had no more worlds than one. + And when he saw that he through all had past, + He dy'd, lest he should idle grow at last." + + Cowley, _On the Death of Sir Henry Wooton_, page 6.: Lond. 1668, + fol. + +And with Dr. Johnson's sixth line-- + + "Panting Time toil'd after him in vain," + +we may, I think, compare Cowley's description of King David's earlier +years: + + "Bless me! how swift and growing was his wit! + _The wings of Time flag'd dully after it_." + + _Davideis_, lib. iii. p. 92. + +But to return to Gray, Ode VI. "The Bard:" + + "With haggard eyes the poet stood, + Loose his beard, and hoary hair + _Stream'd, like a meteor, to the troubled air_." + +Wakefield quotes _Paradise Lost_, lib. i. 535.: + + "The imperial ensign, which full high advanc'd, + Shone _like a meteor streaming to the wind_." + +Campbell, in _The Pleasures of Hope_, Part I., _does_ borrow from Milton +in the above passage: + + "Where Andes, giant of the western star, + With _meteor standard to the winds unfurl'd_;" + +but Gray is alluding to _hair_, and not to a standard; to the original +derivation of the word _comet_ ([Greek: kome]), and possibly to a +different passage in Milton, viz. _Par. Lost_, ii. 706.: + + "on the other side, + Incens'd with indignation, Satan stood + Unterrified: and like a _comet_ burned, + That fires the length of Ophiuchus huge, + In the arctic sky, and from his horrid _hair_ + Shakes pestilence and war." + +Or as Virgil before him, _AEneid_, lib. x. 270.: + + "_Ardet apex capiti, cristisque a vertici flamma_ + Funditur, et vastos umbo vomit aureus ignes: + Non secus, ac liquida si quando nocti _cometae_ + Sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor," &c. + +One of the meanings of [Greek: kome] is "the luminous tail of a comet;" +and Suidas mentions from the LXX, [Greek: kai hesperon ton astera epi +_komes_ autou axeis auton] (Job xxxviii. 32.). See Scott and Liddell's +_Lexicon_ at the words [Greek: Kome], and [Greek: Pogon] and [Greek: +Pogonias], which latter words are used in reference to the _beard_ of a +comet. + +Gray must now speak for himself. He says in a note: + + "The image was taken from a well-known picture of Raphael, + representing the Supreme Being in the Vision of Ezekiel. There are + two of these paintings, both believed originals, one at Florence, + the other at Paris." + +And Mr. Mason adds, in a note to his edition of Gray, vol. i. p. 75. +Lond. 1807: + + "Moses breaking the Tables of the Law, by Parmegiano, was a figure + which Mr. Gray used to say came still nearer to his meaning than + the picture of Raphael." + +I cannot help thinking that Cowley too was not forgotten. Speaking of +the angel Gabriel, he says: + + "An harmless flaming _meteor_ shone for _haire_, + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care." + +Indeed, I must give the entire passage, however fantastic or unconnected +with my purpose; for the last four lines, which describe the angel's +_wings_, appear beyond measure dreamy and beautiful: + + "When Gabriel (no blest spirit more kind or fair) + Bodies and cloathes himself with thicken'd air, + All like a comely youth in life's fresh bloom; + Rare workmanship, and wrought by heavenly loom! + He took for skin a cloud most soft and bright, + That ere the mid day sun pierc'd through with light: + Upon his cheeks a lively blush he spread, + Wash't from the morning's beauties deepest red. + An harmless flaming meteor shone for haire + And fell adown his shoulders with loose care. + He cuts out a silk mantle from the skies, + Where the most sprightly azure pleas'd the eyes. + This he with starry vapours spangles all, + Took in their prime ere they grow ripe and fall. + Of a new rainbow ere it fret or fade, + The choicest piece took out, a scarf is made. + _Small streaming clouds he does for wings display_, + _Not virtuous lovers' sighs more soft than they_. + _These he gilds o'er with the sun's richest rays_, + _Caught gliding o'er pure streams on which he plays._" + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, in a verse which was inserted in the _Elegy_ as it originally +stood (and the subsequent rejection of which we must ever grieve over, +as it almost surpasses any verse of the entire poem; and besides would +have saved it from the imputation of having been written as a heathen +poet would have written it), the words "sacred calm" occur, which are +not unfrequent in Cowley: + + "Hark how the _sacred calm_ that breathes around + Bids every fierce tumultuous passion cease; + In still small accents whispering from the ground, + A grateful earnest of eternal peace."-- + + _Gray._ + + "They came, but a new spirit their hearts possest, + Scattering a _sacred calm_ through every breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. i. ad finem. + + "All earth-bred fears and sorrows take their flight; + In rushes joy divine, and hope, and rest; + A _sacred calm_ shines through his peaceful breast." + + _Davideis_, lib. ii. ad finem. + +Again, does not Mr. Gray's _Ode to Spring_-- + + "Methinks I hear," &c. + +remind one a little of Cowley's "Anacreontic to the Grasshopper?" + + "To thee of all things upon earth, + Life is no longer than thy mirth. + Happy insect, happy thou, + _Dost neither age nor winter know_. + But when thou'st drunk, and danc'd, and sung + Thy fill, the flowery leaves among + (Voluptuous and wise withal, Epicurean animal!) + Sated with thy summer feast + Thou retir'st to endless rest." + +or the following lines + + "Their raptures now that wildly flow, + _No yesterday nor morrow know_; + Tis man alone that joy descries + With forward, and reverted eyes." + + Gray's _Ode on the Pleasure arising from Vicissitude_. + +In his notes to "Spring," Wakefield gets quite pathetic at the words-- + + "Poor moralist, and what art thou? + A solitary fly," &c. + +I have always believed that Gray was imitating Bishop Jeremy Taylor: + + "Marriage is the mother of the world, and preserves kingdoms, and + fills cities, and churches, and heaven itself. _Celibate, like the + fly in the heart of an apple_, dwells in a perpetual sweetness, + but sits alone, and is confined and dies in singularity."--Sermon + XVII. _The Marriage Ring_, Part I. + +If these random notes be interesting to any of your readers, they are +only a portion out of many I could send; and any one who doubts Gray's +partiality for Cowley may compare his second verse of the "Ode to +Spring" with Cowley's lines on "Solitude," found amongst his _Essays_, +especially verses 4. and 5.: + + "Here let me careless and unthoughtful lying + Hear the soft winds above me flying, + With all their wanton boughs dispute, + And the more tuneful birds to both replying, + Nor be my self too mute. + + "A silver stream shall roll his waters near; + Gilt with the sunbeams here and there, + On whose enamel'd bank I'll walk, + And see how prettily they smile, and hear + How prettily they talk." + +And-- + + "Soft-footed winds with tuneful voices there + Dance through the perfumed air, + There silver rivers through enamel'd meadows glide, + And golden trees enrich their side." + + _Translation of Pindar's Second Olympic Ode._ + +Or let him compare Gray's Latin and English verses upon the death of his +friend Mr. West with Cowley's upon the death of Mr. William Harvey and +Mr. Crashaw: + + "Hail, Bard Triumphant! and some care bestow + On us the Poets Militant below," &c. + + Cowley _on Mr. Crashaw_. + + "At Tu, sancta anima, et nostri non indiga luctus," &c. + + _Gray._ + +To these lines on Crashaw Pope is indebted for a sentiment which in his +hands assumes a very infidel form: + + "For modes of faith let senseless bigots fight; + His can't be wrong whose life is in the right." + +Crashaw had become a Roman Catholic, and was a canon of Loretto when he +died; but Cowley's Protestant feelings could not blind him to his worth, +and he says: + + "His _Faith_ perhaps in some nice tenets might + Be wrong; his _Life_, his soul were _in the Right_." + +How much the two last-mentioned poems of Gray's owe to Milton's "Lines +to Mansus" and his "Epitaphium Damonis," any one acquainted with them +may remember. I have only been alluding to Gray's reproductions of +Cowley. + + RT. + + Warmington. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Remains of Sir Hugh Montgomery_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.)--Allusion has been +made to the following stanza from "Chevy Chase:"-- + + "Against Sir Hugh Montgomery, + So right his shaft he set, + The grey goose wing that was thereon + In his heart's blood was wet." + +Having lately visited the sea-bathing town of Largs, my attention was +attracted to a building in the churchyard forming the present burying +ground. In this building, bearing date of erection 1636 by Sir Robert +Montgomery (ancestor of the present Earl of Eglinton), there is an +elaborately carved tomb of mason work, beneath which is a strongly +arched stone vault, where, besides the founder and others, tradition has +placed the remains of the brave Sir Hugh Montgomery. It is difficult to +reconcile this with the long prior date of the battle of Chevy Chase, +unless the vault, which has certainly a very ancient look, can be +substantiated to have existed before the above building. Taking matters +as they go, the remains of the warrior now appear in the most +humiliating condition--reduced to a hard, dry bony skeleton deprived of +legs and thighs, with the singular appearance of the skull having been +cloven (most likely) by a battle-axe, the skull being held together by +some plate or substance and rude stitching. The body is said to have +been originally embalmed, and enclosed in a lead coffin, which was +barbarously torn off some forty years ago, as sinks for fishing nets. +The building, tomb, and vault, taken altogether, present perhaps one of +the finest specimens of this species of architecture in Scotland, and +are additionally curious from the cone roof of the building being highly +ornamented with descriptive paintings in a tolerable state of +preservation. It is understood that some historical notices of the whole +have been privately printed by a Scotch antiquarian, of which some of +your learned readers may be aware, and may furnish more ample details +than the foregoing. + + G. + + Glasgow, Sept. 23, 1851. + +_Westminster Hall._--The following extract from the _Issue Roll of +Michaelmas Term_, 9 Hen. VII. 1493, may be interesting to some of your +readers, and will perhaps lead to a speculation on the nature of "the +disguisyings" alluded to:-- + + "To Richard Daland, for providing certain spectacles, or theatres, + commonly called scaffolds, in the great hall at Westminster, for + performance of 'the disguisyings,' exhibited to the people on the + night of the Epiphany, as appears by a book of particulars; paid + to his own hands, L28, 3_s._ 5-3/4_d._"--Devon's _Issue Roll_, + 516. + +Possibly the next entry, which is in Michaelmas in the following year, +of a payment of five marks yearly "to John Englissh, Edward Maye, +Richard Gibson, and John Hamond, 'lusoribus Regis' otherwise called in +English the players of the king's interludes, for their fees,"--has some +connexion with "the disguisyings." + + DESSAWDORF. + +_Meaning of "Log-ship."_--If you have a spare corner, can you grant it +to me for the origin of a word which describes an article used in every +sailing and steam vessel in the world, and yet perhaps not one sailor in +a thousand knows whence it is derived. I allude to the word "log-ship," +the name of the little wooden float (quadrant-shaped) by which, with a +line attached, the vessel's speed is ascertained. Before the invention +of the line with "knots" on it, a "chip," or floating-scrap, was thrown +overboard forward, and the "master," or whoever it might be, walked aft +at the rate which the vessel passed the "chip," judging of his pace from +experience. Hence the term "log-ship," or "chip," which is its true +name. + + A. L. + + West Indies, Aug. 11. 1851. + +_The Locusts of the New Testament._--While in Greece last year, I was +talking one day with a highly intelligent person on the English +translation of the New Testament. In the course of our conversation he +said, that in the third chapter of St. Matthew's Gospel we had got an +entirely wrong meaning for the verse in which we are told the food of +St. John the Baptist, viz. "locusts and wild honey." I have not at this +moment a Testament in ancient Greek by me but in the Romaic the +paragraph alluded to runs thus: + + Verse 4. ... "[Greek: Kai he trophe tou eton akrides, kai meli + agrion.]" + +He said that the word [Greek: akrides], which we have translated +"locusts," means rather the "young and tender parts of plants." Since +that time I have looked into various Lexicons and Dictionaries both of +the ancient and modern Greek, but have been unable to find anything to +assist me in fixing this meaning. In that of Hedericus, it is thus +given: "[Greek: Akris, idos, he], Locusta." There is also, however, +"[Greek: Akris, ios, he], Summitas, cacumen montis. Ab [Greek: akros], +summus." Whether there may be any confusion between these two words I +know not; and here, possibly, I may be assisted by some obliging reader. +I have consulted, along with a clergyman who is well skilled in Greek +literature, and who is perfectly acquainted with Romaic, many +commentaries; but in every one we found this passage either entirely +passed over, or very unsatisfactorily noticed. + + [Greek: Boreas.] + + + + +Queries. + + +COINAGE OF VABALATHUS, PRINCE OF PALMYRA. + +A great boon would be conferred on numismatists if some of your +correspondents would endeavour to elucidate the puzzling legend +sometimes found on coins of this prince. + +Vabalathus, or Vhabalathus, Athenodorus (which Mionnet and Akerman make +to be the Greek translation of Vabalathus), was the son of the +celebrated Zenobia, by an Arab prince, and was raised to the imperial +dignity by his mother. His sway extended over some parts of Syria and +Egypt, A.D. 266-273. + +Aurelian gave to Vabalathus a petty province of Armenia, of which he +made him king, though perhaps this arose from the mistake of Occo and +Salmasius (_in Vopisc._ p. 380.) in reading [Greek: ARMENIAS] for +[Greek: AUG . HERMIAS] on his Egyptian coins (Vide infra). + +His portrait appears on the reverse of coins of Aurelian, with the +legend VABALATHVS. VCRIMDR. Froelich and Corsini have unsuccessfully +attempted the interpretation of this word. Pere Hardouin, considering, +VCRIMOR as the correct reading, divides it V. C. R. IM. OR., i.e. _Vice +Caesaris Rector Imperii Orientis_; but, as Banduri rightly observes, the +existence of this legend is extremely doubtful, VCRIMDR being the +authorised one, and is undoubtedly so in a specimen in my cabinet; and +though the worthy Jesuit remarks, "Barbaram vocem aliquam arbitrari sub +hisce Notis Latinis latere, frigidum genus exceptionis est, ac +desperantium," I am inclined to think that the true interpretation is to +be sought in the Syriac, or some of the Oriental languages. + +I have two others in my collection, of the rude third brass of the +Egyptian mint: Obv. AURELIAN, &c. + + Rev. [Greek: OUABALLATHOS . ATHENOU . AUG . HERMIAS + I . AU . OUABALLATHOS . ATHENU . A . HER] + +The first and three final letters of this last legend are very +indistinct, and I should much like a correct reading of it, as it is, I +believe, inedited. Other legends are given by Banduri: VABALATHVS . alii +REX . VCRIM . P.P.--VABALATVS . VCRIMOR .--VABALATHVS . ITER . IMP . +R.--IM . C . VHABALATHVS . AVG .--[Greek: A . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . +ATHENU .--AU . K . HERMIAS . OUABALLATHOS . ATHENOU . OUABALATHOS . +ATHENOU . AUG . HERMIAS.] + + E. S. TAYLOR. + + +Minor Queries. + +195. _Chaucer, how pronounced._--What is, or was, the original +pronunciation of the name of the poet Chaucer? Was, or was not, the _ch_ +in his day a guttural? And was not the name _Hawker_ or _Howker_? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +196. _The Island of AEgina._--Having occasion to make some inquiry about +the island of AEgina, in Greece, I have been sadly perplexed by the +discrepancies of the modern authorities I have had an opportunity of +consulting. The principal of these relates to the site of the temple of +Jupiter, or Zeus Panhellenios, which Dr. Smith's _Classical Dictionary_, +and M'Culloch's and Fullerton's _Gazetteers_, place in the N.E. part of +the island; Fullerton, however, saying also that Mount St. Elias lies in +_the south part_, though he does not say that the temple is built on +that mount. But Blaikie's _Gazetteer_ says that the temple stands on +_Mount St. Elias_, which, according to Fullerton, is in the _south_. +With this agrees the map in the _Topographisch-historisch Atlas von +Hellas_, &c. von H. Kiepert, Berlin, 1846, which distinctly places the +"Tempel von Zeus Panhellenios" in the _south_ part of the island while +the temple in the _north-east_ is called "Tempel von Athena." The Atlas +to Anacharsis' _Travels_ places it also in the _south_. Which of these +authorities is right? or, can any of your readers tell me, from personal +knowledge, in what part of the island the said Temple of Zeus +Panhellenios really stands? + + JAMES LAURIE. + +197. _Statute of Limitations Abroad._--With so many foreigners +sojourning among us, I should be glad if you could, by throwing out a +hint in your paper, obtain from them what is the statute of limitations +of the several countries to which they belong. + + CURIOSUS. + +198. _Tapestry Story of Justinian._--There is a series of ancient +tapestries in Bamburgh Castle, Northumberland, representing certain +events in the life of the emperor Justinian. One of these exhibits him +in the act of making his celebrated Digest of Law, surrounded by his +lawyers; in a second, he is manumitting slaves before the temple of +Janus, at the time, I presume, when he proclaimed the _eternal peace_, +which lasted two years; in a third, he appears crowned, on his knees, +swearing, it should seem, to observe the _Lex Romana_, which is held up +to him in an open book by two lictors; in the fourth, he is seen in a +wild country, with a hunting spear in his hand, coming, as it were by +surprise, and in great alarm, upon two hounds in the agonies of death. A +dish, from which they may have taken poison, lies on the foreground; and +a stream, which may possibly have been poisoned, gushes from a +neighbouring rock. Figures in the background seem to be slinking away +from the scene here represented. + +I shall be much obliged to any of your correspondents who can point out +to me the ancient author in whose writings the circumstance alluded to +in the last-mentioned picture is detailed. + + W. N. DARNELL. + +199. _Praed's Works._--Can any reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" inform me +if there be a collected edition of the works of Praed? Many of your +readers are familiar with his fugitive pieces published in Knight's +_Quarterly Magazine_, _The Etonian_, and other periodicals. And all, I +am sure, who are acquainted with him, would be glad to see his graceful +and elegant productions published in a collected form. + + K. S. + +200. _Folietani._--Who founded the order of _Folietani_, or leaf-eaters +(to the exclusion of all grain and meat)? where and when? What Pope +dissolved the order, and is the Bull extant? + + A. N. + +201. _Berlin Mean Time._--In the _Nautical Almanac_ the day is supposed +to commence at noon according to the custom of English astronomers. +Foreigners, however, ordinarily commence the astronomical day at +midnight, at least those of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain do. But +can you or any of your correspondents tell me whether it is from the +midnight succeeding, or the midnight preceding our noon of the same +number? For instance, taking the longitude of Berlin to be 0h 53m 35s .5 +East, would the present moment, which is September 17, 3h 40m 30s +Greenwich mean time, if expressed in Berlin mean time, be September 17, +16h 34m 5s .5, or would it be September 16, 16h 34m 5s .5? (I have +reckoned to days by ordinals, as, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, &c., without a 0-day, +which, however, the foreigners generally use, employing a cardinal +number, the hours minutes, and seconds being considered as a fraction to +be added.) I ask this question because so many things now are announced +in Berlin mean time. + + DX. + +202. _De Foe's House at Stoke Newington._--About the year 1722 De Foe +built here a large and handsome house for his own residence. Is it still +standing, and where? Many mansions in the neighbourhood appear to have +been erected about that time. + + SPERIEND. + +203. _Oxford Fellowships._-- + + "Upon this occasion I might repeat what I have observed before, + page 33. of these _Annals_, where the highest fellowships in + Oxford in 1534 or 1535 did not exceed 6_l._ 13_s._ 4_d._, nor the + lowest fall under 3_l._, and that was in Brazen Nose College; at + which time New College fellowships were but rated at 3_l._ 9_s._ + 4_d._, nor any of Magdalen fellowships (_except two for Yorkshire + that were obliged to go and preach in the countries abroad_) above + 3_l._ 15_s._ 4_d._, as may be found in Mr. Twine's MS."--Smith's + _Annals of Univ. Coll._ p. 372. + +Can any of your correspondents throw any light upon the parenthetical +clause printed in Italics? + + E. H. A. + +204. _Leonard Fell and Judge Fell._--Mr. Josiah Marsh, in _A popular +Life of George Fox_, 8vo., London, 1847, p. 83., mentions "Leonard Fell +of Becliff, a brother of the judge." + +I shall be obliged by a reference to the authority on which this +statement rests. George Fox frequently mentions both Leonard Fell and +Judge Fell; but I cannot find in his _Journal_ the slightest hint that +they were in any way connected. Fell is a common name in the north of +Lancashire. Leonard Fell was one of the preachers who sometimes +accompanied George Fox in his wanderings. Judge Fell was a staunch +member of the Church of England. + + LLEWELLYN. + +205. "_Cleanliness is next to Godliness._"--Will you, or one of your +correspondents, have the goodness to inform me whence is derived the +quotation "Cleanliness is next to Godliness?" + + A MUSSULMAN. + +206. _Davies Queries._--I shall feel much obliged by a correct +description of the monument erected to Sir John Davys, Davis, or Davies, +the celebrated lawyer and poet, in St. Martin's church, London, and +particularly of the arms, crest, and motto (if any) which are on it. + +I wish to know also the _correct blazon_ of the following coats of arms: +Thos. Davies, a fess inter three elephants' heads erazed; and Davis of +London, on a bend cotissed inter six battle-axes three daggers: there is +some mention of these arms in the Har. MSS., but I wish to know the +correct colours of the shields and their charges? + + LLAW GYFFES. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Poet referred to by Bacon._--To what poet does Bacon refer in the +following passage of the _Advancement of Learning_?-- + + "The invention of one of the late poets is proper, and doth well + enrich the ancient fiction: for he feigneth that at the end of the + thread or web of every man's life there was a little medal + containing the person's name, and that Time waited upon the + shears; and as soon as the thread was cut, caught the medals, and + carried them to the river of Lethe; and about the bank there were + many birds flying up and down that would get the medals, and carry + them in their beak a little while, and then let them fall into the + river," &c.--Vol. ii. p. 112. in B. Montagu's edition of Bacon. + + E. + + [We are inclined to think that Bacon's reference was to the + _Mirror for Magistrates_, and will probably be found in connexion + with the following lines: + + "A little wren in beake with laurell greene that flew, + Foreshew'd my dolefull death, as after all men knew."] + +_The Violin._--Which is the best work hitherto published on the history +and construction of the violin? + + MUSICUS. + + [Certainly the best work on the history of this favourite + instrument is the amusing little volume published by Mr. George + Dubourg, in 1836, under the title of _The Violin, being an Account + of that leading Instrument, and its most eminent Professors, from + its earliest Date to the present Time: including Hints to + Amateurs, &c._] + +_Sir Thomas Malory, Knt._--I should feel obliged if any of your +correspondents could give me any information relative to Sir Thomas +Malory, Knt., who translated into English _The most Ancient and Famous +History of the renowned Prince Arthur, King of Britaine_? Also any +particulars relative the original author of that work? + + M. P. S. + + Inverness. + + [Consult Herbert's edition of Ames's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 59-61. 134.; Dibdin's _Typographical Antiquities_, + vol. i. pp. 241-255.; and Wharton's _History of English Poetry_.] + +_Archbishop of Spalatro._--In a note to the account of Chelsea College, +in Lysons' _Environs of London_, which contains a list of the first +fellows of the college, called by Archbishop Laud "Controversy College," +of which Dr. Sutcliffe was founder and provost, I read-- + + "Many vacancies having occurred by the promotion of some of the + fellows above-mentioned to bishoprics, and by the death of others, + King James, by his letters patent, Nov. 14, 1622, substituted + others in their room, among whom was _the celebrated Archbishop of + Splalato, then Dean of Windsor_." + +I wish to ask who this archbishop was? and should be glad to learn any +further particulars respecting him, especially as to whether he ever +acted as a bishop in England? _Splalato_ is, I presume, an error of the +press for _Spalatro_. + + W. FRAZER. + + [Mark Antony de Dominis, born about 1561, was educated among the + Jesuits, and was Bishop of Segni, and afterwards Archbishop of + Spalatro. Bishop Bedell met with him at Venice, and corrected, + previous to publication, his celebrated work _De Republica + Ecclesiastica_. When Bedell returned to England, Dominis came over + with him. Here he preached and wrote against the Romanists, and + the king gave him the Deanery of Windsor, the Mastership of the + Savoy, and the rich living of West Ildesley in Berkshire. De + Dominis's wish seems to have been to re-unite the Romish and + English churches. He returned to Rome in 1622, where he abjured + his errors, but on the discovery of a correspondence which he held + with some Protestants, he was thrown into prison, where he died in + 1625. He was a man of great abilities and learning, although + remarkable for a fickleness in religious matters. He was author of + a work entitled _De Radiis Visus et Lucis in Vitris Perspectivis + et Iride Tractatus_, and was the first person, according to Sir + Isaac Newton, who had explained the phenomena of the colours of + the rainbow. We are also indebted to him for Father Paul's + _History of the Council of Trent_, the manuscript of which he + procured for Archbishop Abbot.--See Chalmers's _Biographical + Dictionary_, _s.v._ DOMINIS.] + +_Play of "The Spaniards in Peru."--John Heywood._--Who was the author of +_The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru, expresst by Instrumentall and +Vocall Musick, and by Art of Perspective in Scenes_, &c., said to have +been represented in the Cock Pit, in Drury Lane, at three in the +afternoon punctually, 1658? Thus it stands in Jacob, but is not +mentioned by Langbaine. The author of the _British Theatre_, however, +mentions a remarkable circumstance in regard to it, which is, that +Oliver Cromwell, who had prohibited all theatrical representations, not +only allowed this piece to be performed, but even himself actually read +and approved of it. + +Also, what are the exact dates of the birth and death of John Heywood, +in Henry VIII.'s time? + + JAMES F. HASKINS. + + [Sir William Davenant was the author of _The Spaniards in Peru_, + which was subsequently incorporated in his piece, _Playhouse to + be Let_. See his _Works_, fol. 1673, p. 103.; also Genest's + _Account of the English Stage_, vol. i. p. 38.] + +_Selion._--I have frequently met with the word "selion" in deeds +relating to property in various parts of the Isle of Axholme, co. +Lincoln. The term is used in the description of property; for instance, +"All that _selion_ piece or parcel of land situate, &c." It does not +signify any particular quantity, for I have known it applied to fields +of all sizes, from five acres down to a quarter of an acre. Will some of +your numerous correspondents furnish an explanation of the word, and +from whence derived? + + L. L. L. + + North Lincolnshire. + + [Selion of land, or _selio terrae_, is derived from the French + _seillon_, a ridge of land, or ground arising between two furrows, + and contains no certain quantity, but sometimes more or less. + Therefore Crompton says, that a selion of land cannot be in + demand, because it is a thing uncertain.] + + + + +Replies. + + +PROPHECIES OF NOSTRADAMUS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 86. 140.) + +Mr. H. C. DE ST. CROIX may be assured that the first edition of the +Prophecies of Nostradamus is not only in the National Library, but in +several others, both in Paris and elsewhere. It is now, however, very +rare, though until lately little valued; for at the Duc de la Valliere's +sale, in 1783, it produced no more than seven livres ten sols,--not +quite seven shillings. De Bure makes no mention of it: nor was it in the +library of M. Gaignat, or various other collectors; so little sought for +was it then. Printed at Lyons "ches Mace Bonhomme, M:D:L:V.," it thus +closes--"Acheve d'imprimer le iiii iour de Mai, M.D.L.V." It is a small +octavo of 46 leaves, as we learn from Brunet, and was republished the +following year at Avignon, still limited to four centuries; nor was a +complete edition, which extended to ten centuries, with two imperfect +ones, published till 1568, at Troyes (en Champagne), in 8vo. Numerous +editions succeeded, in which it is well known that every intervenient +occurrence of moment was sure to be introduced, always preceded by the +date of impression, so as to establish the claim of prophecy. I have +before me that of J. Janson, Amsterdam, 1668, 12mo., which is usually +associated with the Elzevir collection of works, though not proceeding +from the family's press either in Leyden or Amsterdam. Several attempts +at elucidating these pretended prophecies have been made, such as +_Commentaires sur les Centuries de Nostradamus_, par Charigny, 1596, +8vo.; _La Clef de Nostradamus_, 1710, 12mo.; and one so late as 1806, by +Theodore Bouys, 8vo. The distich "Nostra damus," &c. was the playful +composition, according to La Monnoye, of the celebrated Genevan reformer +Theodore de Beze. By others it is attributed to the poet Jodelle: but +the author is still uncertain. Nostradamus, born in Provence, died in +July, 1566, aged sixty-eight. His second son published the Lives of the +Poets of his native province in 1575, 8vo. + +Among those impositions on public credulity, one of the most famous is +that referred to by Bacon, in his twenty-fifth Essay, and which he, as +was then the prevalent belief, attributed to the astronomer John Mueller, +usually known as Regiomontanus, of the fifteenth century, and so +denominated by Bacon. Its first application was to the irruption of the +French king, Charles VIII., into Naples, in 1488, when the impetuosity +of the invasion was characterised by the epithet, ever since so well +sustained, of "La Furia Francese." Again, in 1588 it was interpreted as +predictive of the Spanish attack on England by the misnomed "Invincible +Armada;" and the English Revolution of 1688 was similarly presumed to +have been foretold by it, which always referred to the special year +_eighty-eight_ of each succeeding century; while the line expressive of +the century was correspondingly adjusted in the text. It was thus made +applicable to the great French Revolution, of which the unmistakeable +elements were laid in 1788, by the royal edict convoking the +States-General for the ensuing year, when it burst forth with dread +explosion. Its prediction, with the sole alteration of the century from +the original lines, was then thus expressed:-- + + "Post mille expletos a partu Virginis annos, + Et septingentos rursus ab orbe datos + Octogessimus octavus mirabilis annus + Ingruet: is secum tristia fata trahet. + + "Si non hoc anno totus malus occidet orbis + Si non in nihilum terra fretumque ruant, + Cuncta tamen mundi sursum ibunt atque deorsum + Imperia; et luctus undique grandis erit." + +Though long ascribed to Regiomontanus, whose death preceded its first +appearance, and therefore made its application to posterior events +appear prophetic, the real author, according to the astronomer Delambre, +was a German named Bruschius, of the sixteenth century, who pretended to +have discovered it on a tomb (we may suppose that of Regiomontanus) in +Bohemia, that learned man's country. Many other similar prophecies have +deluded the world, of which the most celebrated were those of the +Englishman Merlin. An early edition, printed in 1528, fetched sixteen +guineas in 1812 at the Roxburgh sale, though preceded by three or four. +It is in French, and at Gaignat's sale, in 1769, brought only thirty-one +livres. It was No. 2239. of the Catalogue. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + + +BOROUGH-ENGLISH. + +(Vol. iv., p. 133.) + +Since my former communication I have collected the following list of +places where this custom prevails:-- + +In Surrey: + + Battersea.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. p. 30. + + Wimbledon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Lysons' _Environs_, + vol. i. p. 523. + + Streatham (Manor of Leigham Court).--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. i. + p. 481. + + Richmond, Ham, Peterham.--Lysons' _Environs_. + + Croydon (Archbishop of Canterbury's Manor).--Clement _v._ + Scudamore, 6 _Mod. Rep._ 102.; Steinman's _Croydon_, p. 9. + +In Essex: + + Maldon.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Suffolk: + + Lavenham.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Gloucestershire: + + The county of the city of Gloucester.--_1st Report of Real + Property Commissioners_, 1839, app. 98. + +In Middlesex: + + Islington (Manor of St. John of Jerusalem).--Nelson's _Islington_. + + Isleworth.--Lysons' _Environs_, vol. iii. p. 96. + +In Cornwall: + + Clymesloud.--_Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, p. 407. + +In Nottinghamshire: + + Southwell.--_Comp. Cop._ 506.; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith. + +In Northamptonshire: + + Brigstock.--_Beauties of England and Wales_, vol. ii. p. 201. + +In Warwickshire: + + Balshall.--_Pat. 20 R. 2. m. 2._; _Blount's Tenures_ by Beckwith, + p. 629. + +In Lincolnshire: + + Stamford.--_Camd. Brit._ tit. _Lincolnshire_; _Blount's Tenures_ + by Beckwith, p. 416. + +There are some variances in the custom in these several places; the +particulars would be too long for an article in "NOTES AND QUERIES;" but +the principle of descent to the youngest son prevails in all. + +It would be very desirable to complete this list as far as can be done, +and I hope some others of your correspondents will give their aid to do +it. + +The origin of this custom, so contrary to the general law of descent by +the common law, is also a subject worthy of more investigation than it +has yet received. What is stated on the subject in the law books is very +unsatisfactory. It might tend to throw some light on this point if any +of your correspondents would communicate information as to any nations +or tribes where the law of descent to the youngest son prevails, or did +prevail, according to ancient or still existing custom. + +I have also received the following list of places where the custom of +Borough-English prevails, from Charles Sandys, Esq., F.S.A., of +Canterbury. It is taken from notes to the third edition of Robinson's +valuable work on Gavelkind, p. 391. note _a._, and p. 393. n. _c._ This +list had escaped me, as my edition of Robinson is an old one. + + "It appears by communications from the stewards to the late Mr. + Sawkins, that in the following manors, lands are descendible after + the custom of Borough-English:-- + + "Middlesex. + + St. John of Jerusalem, in Islington + Sutton Court + + "Surrey. + + Weston Gumshall, in Albury + Colley, in Reigate + Sutton next Woking, in Woking + Little Bookham, in Little Bookham and Effingham + Wotton, Abinger, Paddington, Paddington Pembroke: in the parishes + of Wotton, Abinger, Ewhurst, and Cranley + Gumshall Tower Hill, Gumshall Netley; Shere Vachery, and Cranley; + Shere Eborum: in the parishes of Shere Ewhurst and Cranley + Dunsford, in the parish of Wandsworth + Compton Westbury + Brockham, in Betchworth + + "Essex. + + Boxted Hall + + "Sussex. + + Battell, a small part of the freehold and copyhold lands in + Robertsbridge + Somersham, with the Soke, the copyhold lands in Alconbury, with + Weston Huntingdonshire. + + "It appears by the communications from the stewards of the late + Mr. Sawkins, that his customary descent is extended to younger + brothers in the manors of-- + + "Surrey. + + Dorking, in Dorking and Capel-Milton and Westcott, in the parishes + of Dorking Capel and Ockley + + "To all collateral males in the manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Isleworth Syon + Ealing, otherwise Zealing + Acton + + "To females, as well as males, lineal and collateral, in the + manors of-- + + "Middlesex. + + Fulham + Wimbledon, including Putney, Mortlake, Rochampton, and Sheen + + "Surrey. + + Battersea and Wandsworth + Downe + Barnes + Richmond + + "Nottinghamshire. + + Southwell + + "Hertfordshire. + + Much Hadham." + + G. R. C. + + Southwark, Sept. 24, 1851. + +The accompanying extract is from the History of the borough of Stafford, +in White's _Directory and Gazetteer of Staffordshire_, which is just +published:-- + + "The ancient custom of _Borough-English_ formerly prevailed here, + by which the youngest son succeeded to property, as heir-at-law, + in preference to the elder children. The origin of this part of + our common law is not very well ascertained, but it is generally + supposed to have arisen from the ancient system of _vassalage_, + which gave the lord of the manor certain rights over his _vassal's + bride_, and thus rendered the legitimacy of the eldest born + uncertain; or perhaps it may have originated in the natural + presumption, that the youngest child was least capable of + providing for itself." + + F. J. M. + + +PASSAGE IN VIRGIL. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 24. 88.) + +Permit me to make a few remarks on the passage of Virgil, "Viridesque +secant," &c., and its attempted elucidation, Vol. iv., pp. 88, 89. + +It is stated that the translation is not correct, and also that Servius +was a very illiterate, ignorant, and narrow-minded man, &c. + +In the short notice of Servius and his works in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_, +we have a very different character of him. Which is to be believed, for +both cannot be right? + +Harles, in his _Introd. in Notitiam Lit. Rom._, speaks thus of the +_Commentaries of Servius_: + + "Quae in libris Virgilii sub nomine Servii circumferuntur Scholia, + eorum minima pars pertinet ad illum; sed farrago est ex + antiquioribus commentariis Cornuti, Donati, &c., et aliorum; immo + vero ex recentioris aetatis interpretibus multa adjecta sunt et + interpolata." + +Thus condemning the interpolations, but leaving intact the matter really +belonging to Servius. + +For a refutation of the impertinent comparison with a Yorkshire hedge +schoolmaster, and the erroneous appreciation of the _Commentaries_, I +must refer to the above-mentioned notice in the _Penny Cyclopaedia_. + +In the next place, with respect to the meaning of the passage:--the word +_seco_, when applied to the movements of ships, is usually rendered by +"sulco;" _e.g._: + + "Jamque fretum Minyae Pegasaea puppe secabant." + + Ovid, _Met._ vii. 1. + +See also lib. xi. 479. "Travel along" would be insufficient to express +the meaning in these instances; and _sulco_ agrees with the modern +phrase, "ploughing the deep," &c. + +Moreover, I submit that the interpretation of _seco_ is governed by the +context, inasmuch as its application to both land and water travelling +demands a different construction in the two cases. If this be allowed, +then comparison cannot be made between the line in question and "viam +secat ad naves;" for this refers to AEneas's leaving the infernals, after +his visit there; or "secuit sub nubibus arcum," which refers to cleaving +the air. Heyne's note is "secuit ... arcum; secando aerem fecit arcum; +incessit per arcum." + +The clearness or muddiness of the river has no connexion with the +translation; for the words "placido aequore" clearly and definitely +express the state of the _surface_ of the river, and it is such as is +required to favour the reflection of the trees, through whose images the +ships ploughed their way; and, to make the sense perfect, the words +"variis teguntur arboribus" are all that is required as showing the +position of the trees with respect to the river. + +P.S. I have not alluded to the special meaning of active verbs +with accusative (Qy. objective) cases after them, &c. + + [Hebrew: A. T.] + +The Query of your correspondent ERYX has elicited two conflicting +opinions as to the meaning of the words "Viridesque secant placido +aequore silvas." Perhaps the following suggestion may help to set the +matter at rest. + +If by these words is meant the cleaving of the shadows on the water, how +could they, with any propriety, be applied to a voyage that was +prosecuted during the darkness of the night as well as by the light of +day? + + "Olli remigio _noctemque_ diemque fatigant." + + W. B. R. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Ell-rake_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--VASHTI inquires the derivation of +_ell-rake_ or _hell-rake_. In this district (the Cotswolds) we generally +suppose the derivation to be from the rake being an ell in width. In the +vale, however (_i.e._ about Tewkesbury), they are called _heel-rakes_, +from their being drawn at the heel of the person using them, instead of +being used in front, as rakes ordinarily are. + + C. H. N. + + Cirencester. + +_Heel-rake_, _Ell-rake_, or _Hell-rake_, is a large rake, which upon +being drawn along the ground the teeth run close to the heels of the +person drawing it. This has given it the name of _heel-rake_, its right +name. In Shropshire (and probably in other counties also) this has +become contracted into _ell-rake_. + + SALOPIAN. + +_Freedom from Serpents_ (Vol. iii., p. 490.).--Ireland is not the only +country supposed to be inimical to reptiles. I may perhaps be allowed to +add to the "Note" of your correspondent as to Ireland, that the Maltese +declare that St. Paul after his shipwreck cursed all the venomous +reptiles of the island, and banished them for ever, just as St. Patrick +is said to have afterwards treated those of his favourite isle. Whatever +be the cause of it, the fact is alleged by travellers to be certain, +that there are _no venomous animals in Malta_. "They assured us" (says +Brydone in his _Tour through Sicily and Malta_, vol. ii. p. 35.) "that +vipers have been brought from Sicily, and died almost immediately on +their arrival." + +Although perhaps more strictly coming under the head of folk lore, I may +here advert to the traditions found in several parts of England, that +venomous reptiles were banished by saints who came to live there. I have +read that Keynsham--the hermitage of Keynes, a Cambrian lady, A.D. +490--was infested with serpents, which were converted by her prayers +into the "Serpent-stones"--the _Cornua Ammonis_--that now cover the +land. A similar story is told at Whitby, where these fine fossils of the +Lias are called "St. Hilda's Serpent-stones;" and so, too, St. Godric, +the famous hermit of Finchale, near Durham, is said to have destroyed +the native race of serpents. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +_Nao, for Naw, for Ship_ (Vol. iv., pp. 28. 214.).--I am obliged to +GOMER for his reference to Davies. In the cited passages from Taliesin +and Meigant, _heb naw_ means without being able to swim. The word _nawv_ +drops its final letter in order to furnish the rhyme. That appears, not +only from the rejection of the word by all lexicographers, but from one +of the manuscripts of Meigant, which actually writes it _nawv_. I esteem +Davies's translation to be Daviesian. + +By way of a gentle pull at the torques, I will observe, that I am not in +the habit of proving that people "did _not_ possess" a thing, but of +inquiring for the evidence that they did. And when I find that tattooed +and nearly naked people used coracles, and do not find that they used +anything grander, I am led to suspect they did not. + +My answer to the Query, whether it be probable that British warriors +went over to Gaul in coracles is, "Yes, highly so." Rude canoes of +various sorts convey the expeditions of savage islanders in all seas. +And the coracle rendered the Scots of Erin formidable to the Roman +shores of Gaul and Britain. I do not see that the Dorsetshire folk being +"water-dwellers" (if so be they were such) proved them to have used +proper ships, any more than their being "water-drinkers" would prove +them to have used glasses or silver tankards. + +No doubt the name [Greek: naus] is of the remotest heroic antiquity, and +the first osier bark covered with hides, or even the first excavated +alder trunk, may have been so termed; in connexion with the verbal form +_nao_, contract. _no_, _nas_, pret. _navi_, to float or swim. But to +"advance that opinion" as to Britain, because two revolted Roman +subjects in this province used the word in the sixth and seventh +centuries after Christ, would be late and tardy proof of the fact; even +supposing that the two bards in question had made use of such a noun, +which I dispute. + + A. N. + + [This communication should have preceded that in No. 99., p. 214.] + +_De Grammont_ (Vol. iv., p. 233.).--On the united authority of messieurs +Auger and Renouard, editors of the works of le comte Antoine Hamilton, +it may be affirmed that there is no edition of the _Memoires du comte de +Grammont_ anterior to that of 1713. M. Renouard thus expresses himself: +"En 1713 parurent les _Memoires_, sans nom d'auteur, en un vol. in-12, +imprime en Hollande sous la date de Cologne." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + +_The Termination "-ship"_ (Vol. iv., p. 153.).--The termination "-ship" +is the Anglo-Saxon _scipe_, _scype_, from verb _scipan_, to create, +form; and hence as a termination of nouns denotes _form_, _condition_, +_office_, _dignity_. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashbey de la Zouch. + +_The Five Fingers_ (Vol. iv., pp. 150. 193.).--With something like +compunction for lavishing on Macrobius and his prosy compeers so many +precious hours of a life that is waning fast, permit me to refer you to +his _Saturnalia_, vii. 13., ed. Gryph. 1560, p. 722., for the nursery +names of the five fingers. They nearly coincide with those still +denoting those useful implements in one of the Low-Norman isles, to wit, +_Gros det_, _ari det (hari det?)_, _longuedon_ or _mousqueton_, _Jean +des sceas_, _courtelas_. The said _Jean des sceas_ is, of course, "John +of the Seals," the "annularis" or ring-finger of Macrobius and the +Anglican Office-Book. Among the Hebrews [Hebrew: etsba elohim], "the +finger of God," denoted His power; and it was the forefinger, among the +gods of Greece and Italy, which wore the ring, the emblem of divine +supremacy. + + G. M. + +_Marriages within ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--The beautiful +old church of St. John in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, is in ruins. +Having in 1850 asked the old man who points out its battered beauties, +why there were still books in the reading desks, he informed me that +marriages and funeral services were still performed there. This, +however, is my only authority on the subject. + + SELEUCUS. + +_Death of Cervantes_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--No doubt now exists that the +death of Cervantes occurred on the 23rd of April, 1616, and not the 20th +of that month, which Smollett represents as the received date. In the +Spanish Academy's edition, the magnificent one of 1780, as well as in +that of 1797, it is so affirmed. In the former we read that on the 18th +he received the sacrament of extreme unction with great calmness of +spirit. It then adds: + + "Igual serenidad mantuvo haste el ultimo punto de la vida. Otorgo + testamento dexando por albaceas a su muger Dona Catalina de + Salazar, y al Licenciado Francisco Nunez, que vivia en la misma + casa: mando que le sepultasen en las Monjas Trinitarias; y murio a + 23 del expresado mes de Abril, de edad de 68 anos, 6 meses, y 14 + dias." + +The coincidence, however, of the renowned Spaniard's death with that of +our Shakspeare, who certainly died apparently on the same day, the 23rd +of April, 1616, on which, at a singularity, Mr. Frere, with others, +dwells, wholly fails; for, in fact, that day in Spain corresponded not +with the 23rd, but the 13th, in England. It is forgotten that the +Gregorian or Reformed Calendar was then adopted in Spain, and that +between it and the unreformed style of England a difference in that +century existed of ten days:--thus, the execution of Charles I., in our +writers, and in the Book of Common Prayer, is always dated on the 30th +of January, while on the continent it is represented as on the 9th of +February. The Reformed Calendar was adopted and promulgated by Pope +Gregory XIII. in 1582, while rejected by England, though acknowledged to +be correct, until 1751, because coming from Rome. This disgraceful +submission to prejudice in repudiation of a demonstrated scientific +truth, practically sanctioned by a Napier, a Newton, a Halley, &c., is +still pursued in the Greek church and Russian empire, where the present +day, the 17th of September, is the 5th. + + J. R. + + Cork, Sept. 17. + +_Story referred to by Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Although +unable to point out the source whence Jeremy Taylor derived the story to +which A. TR. alludes, I may be excused for referring your correspondent +to _Don Quixote_, Part II. book III. chap. xiii., where the story, +somewhat amplified, is given; but with this difference, that the staff +is not broken by the injured person, but by Signor Don Sancho Panza, +Governor of Barataria, before whom the case is brought for adjudication. +That the story was founded on an older one may be well inferred, from +its being stated that "Sancho had heard such a story told by the curate +of his village; and his memory was so tenacious, in retaining everything +he wanted to remember, that there was not such another in the whole +island." + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Gray's Obligations to Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 204.).--I perfectly +agree with RT. in his admiration for Gray; but, to my shame be it +spoken, am not very well read in Jeremy Taylor. RT. would oblige me, as +well as other admirers of "the sweet Lyrist of Peter-house," by +furnishing an example or two of the latter's obligations to the bishop. + +RT. will excuse me if I fail to perceive any great degree of similarity +between his two last quoted passages from Gray and those from Cowley, +which he adduces as parallel. This refers especially to the last +instance, in which I trace scarcely any similarity beyond that of a +place of education and a river being commemorated in each. Would RT. +supply us with a few more examples of borrowing from Cowley? + +With RT.'s wish for a new edition of Gray, "with the parallel passages +annexed," I cordially coincide. However, failing this new edition, he +will allow me to recommend to his notice (if indeed he has not seen it) +the Eton edition of the poet, with introductory stanzas of great +elegance and beauty, by another of Eton's bards, the Rev. J. Moultrie, +author of that most pathetic little poem "My Brother's Grave." + + K. S. + +_Blessing by the Hand_ (Vol. iv., p. 74.).--An impression of the stamp +on the bread used in the Eucharist in Greece (mentioned in the above +Note) may be seen in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. It was cut off a loaf +in the remarkable monastery of Megaspelion in the Morea, by + + W. C. TREVELYAN. + +_Sacre Cheveux_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--This is a literal translation into +heraldic language of the name of the family which uses it for a motto: +_Halifax_ = _holy-hair_, from the Anglo Saxon _hali_, or _halig_, and +_fax_ or _feax_. Tradition connects the origin of the Yorkshire town of +that name with a head of singular length and beauty of hair, found at or +near the place where the Halifax gibbet used to stand. + + J. EASTWOOD. + +_Pope and Flatman_ (Vol. iv., p. 210.).--E. V. has entirely overlooked +the very material circumstance that Flatman's poem was cited in your +periodical (Vol. iv., p. 132.) from a book published in 1688, +twenty-four years before the date he assigns to the composition of +Pope's ode. Flatman died 8th December, 1688, and Pope was born 22d May, +1688; so that he was little more than six months old at the time of +Flatman's death. I have now before me the 4th edition of Flatman's +_Poems and Songs_, London, 8vo., 1686; "A Thought of Death" occurs at p. +55. + + C. H. COOPER. + + Cambridge, Sept. 20. 1851. + +_Linteamina and Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In Goar's _Rituale +Graecorum_, the most complete account is given of the ancient vestments +of the priesthood, from which, or rather from the same source, those of +the Romish and English churches have been derived. The names of these +vestments are [Greek: stoicharion], [Greek: horarion], [Greek: +epimanikia], [Greek: epitrachelion], [Greek: zone], [Greek: +hypogonation], [Greek: phelonion], and [Greek: epigonation]. + +These were put on and taken off in the presence of the congregation, and +a form of prayer appropriate to each vestment was repeated ([Greek: +mystikos]) by the priest and deacon. In the notes of Goar and the +accompanying plates, ample information is afforded of the symbolic +meaning of these garments, both in respect of form and colour. + +This meaning, lost to considerable extent by the Romish church, is +recoverable by reference to the Greek rituals, which have retained, +probably with little alteration, the ancient services of the early +Christians. An explanation will therein be found of other matters +besides linteamina and surplices by those who are curious in rituology, +as of the [Greek: diskon sphragidos, lonche, asteriskon, kalymma, aera, +apolysis, hierateion, naon, bema, "sophia, orthoi," eileton, rhipidion, +zeon, zesis], &c. + + T. J. BUCKTON. + + Lichfield. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +By all who are interested in the study of early German Poetry and +Literature, the name of Von der Hagen must be gratefully remembered for +the many curious and valuable works which he has published, sometimes +under his sole editorship, at others, in conjunction with Busching, +Primisser, &c. But far exceeding in interest any which he has before +given to the press, especially to English readers, is one which we +received some time since from Messrs. Williams and Norgate, but have +only recently had an opportunity of examining. It is in three thick and +closely printed octavos, and is entitled _Gesammtabentheuer: Hundert +altdeutsche Erzaehlungen, Ritter-und Pfaffen-Maeren, Stadt-und +Dorfgeschichten, Schwaenke, Wundersagen und Legenden, meist zum erstenmal +gedruckt_, &c. This collection embraces, as the title accurately enough +describes, a hundred early German Stories of every possible kind, +Stories of Knights and Friars, of Cities and Villages, Merry Jests, +Tales of Wonder, and Legends; and resembles in many respects the popular +collections of French Fabliaux edited by Barbazan, Le Grand d'Aussy, &c. +These are for the most part now printed for the first time; and besides +the illustrations they afford of that love of humour, a characteristic +of the German mind the existence of which it has been too much the +fashion to deny, and to which we owe _Owlglas_ and the _Schildburger_, +these "hundred merry Tales" are of no small importance for the light +they throw upon the history of Fiction--a subject which, in spite of the +labour bestowed upon it by Dunlop, Walter Scott, Palgrave, and +Keightley, is yet very far from being fully developed. + +The new part of _The Traveller's Library_ contains Mr. Macaulay's +brilliant essays on Ranke's _History of the Popes_, and Gladstone _On +Church and State_. + +Messrs. Longman having become the sole proprietors of that valuable +series of works _The Cabinet Cyclopaedia_, have announced a re-issue of +them at the reduced price of three shillings and sixpence per volume, +instead of six shillings, at which they were originally published. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--John Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. +29. of Books Old and New; Sotheran, Son and Draper's (Tower Street, +Eastcheap) Book Reporter No. 3. Miscellaneous Catalogue of Old and New +Books; W. S. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) +Seventy-third Catalogue of Cheap Second-hand Books; B. Quaritch's (16. +Castle Street, Leicester Square) Catalogue No. 34. of Oriental +Literature, &c. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +FEARNE'S ESSAY ON HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS, 4to. + +BISHOP KIDDER'S LIFE OF ANTHONY HORNECK. + +TIGHE'S LIFE OF LAW. + +MACROPEDII, HECASTUS FABULA. 8vo. Antwerp, 1539. + +OMNES GEORGII MACROPEDII FABULAE COMICAE. Utrecht, 1552. 2 Vols. 8vo. + +OTHONIS LEXICON RABBINICUM. + +PLATO. Vols. VIII. X. XI. of the Bipont Edition. + +PARKINSON'S SERMONS. Vol. I. + +ATHENAEUM. Oct. and Nov. 1848. parts CCL., CCLI. + +WILLIS' PRICE CURRENT. Nos. I. III. V. XXIV. XXVI. XXVII.-XLV. + +RABBI SALOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) COMMENTAR UeBER DEN PENTATEUCH VON L. +HAYMANN. Bonn, 1833. + +RABBI SOLOMON JARCHI (RASCHI) UeBER DAS ERSTE BUCH MOSIS VON L. HAYMANN. +Bonn, 1833. + +No. 3. of SUMMER PRODUCTIONS, or PROGRESSIVE MISCELLANIES, by Thomas +Johnson. London, 1790. + +HISTORY OF VIRGINIA. Folio. London, 1624. + +THE APOLOGETICS OF ATHENAGORAS, Englished by D. Humphreys. London, 1714. +8vo. + +BOVILLUS DE ANIMAE IMMORTALITATE, ETC. Lugduni, 1522. 4to. + +KUINOEL'S NOV. TEST. Tom. I. THE FRIEND, by Coleridge. Vol III. +Pickering. + + [Star symbol] Letters stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices To Correspondents. + +MR. HALLAM'S _Letter did not reach us in time for publication this week; +and is consequently, with several other valuable communications, +unavoidably postponed until our next Number._ + +T. C. S. _Will our correspondent oblige us with a copy of the_ "Poetical +Coincidences" _to which he refers? It shall have immediate attention._ + +J. C. W. _We are not sure what our correspondent means by Chaucer +Forgery. Is he aware of the passages from his_ "House of Fame," _printed +in our 80th Number?_ + +R. S. 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In small 8vo. + price 5_s._ + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Next week will be published, + + MEMOIRS and ADVENTURES of SIR JOHN HEPBURN, KNIGHT. Colonel of the + Scots Brigade in Sweden, Governor of Munich, and Marshal of France + under Louis XIII. By JAMES GRANT. Esq., author of "Memoirs of + Kirkaldy of Grange," &c. in 1 vol. post 8vo. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +Just published, in one volume. 4to. with numerous Illustrations, price +One Guinea, + + ICONOGRAPHY OF THE WEST FRONT OF WELLS CATHEDRAL. With an Appendix + on the Sculptures of other Mediaeval Churches in England. By + CHARLES ROBERT COCKERELL, R.A., Professor of Architecture in the + Royal Academy of London, D.C.L. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in + addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family + Use, a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the + Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges + connected with the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various + Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the + Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of the + Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added + an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on + Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; + mostly compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will + contain a Diary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full + directions for Public Worship for every day in the year, with + blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other + Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the order of their + respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American + Churches; and Particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek + Churches; Together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects + in England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the + Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of + Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, Courts + of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a + variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most + complete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + Periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + September, 1851. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186, Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 4. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +101, October 4, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, OCTOBER 4, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 38701.txt or 38701.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/7/0/38701/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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