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diff --git a/38864-8.txt b/38864-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8c2ff79 --- /dev/null +++ b/38864-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2585 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 103, +October 18, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 103, October 18, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: February 13, 2012 [EBook #38864] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling varieties have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A +list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the +end.] + + + + +NOTES and QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 103. SATURDAY, OCTOBER 18. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + The Caxton Memorial, by Beriah Botfield 289 + + Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher 290 + + Poetical Coincidences, by T. C. Smith 291 + + Folk Lore:--Medical Use of Pigeons--Michaelmas + Goose; St. Martin's Cock--Surrey Folk Lore 291 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 292 + + Minor Notes:--"They that touch pitch"--Pasquinade--Two + Attempts to show the Sound of "ough" final 292 + + QUERIES:-- + + Can Bishops vacate their Sees? 293 + + Sanderson and Taylor 293 + + Minor Queries:--"Vox verè Anglorum"--"Sacro + Sancta Regum Majestas"--Translator of Horrebow's + "Iceland"--"Kings have their Conquests"--Dryden; + Illustrations by T. Holt White--Pauper's + Badge, Meaning of--The Landing of William Prince + of Orange in Torbay, painted by J. Northcote, R.A.--The + Lowy of Tunbridge--Bones of Birds--"Malvina, + a Tragedy"--Rinuccini Gallery 293 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Meaning of Aneroid--Fox's + Cunning 295 + + REPLIES:-- + + Archbishop of Spalatro, by Rev. J. Sansom, &c. 295 + + Anagrams 297 + + Discovering the Bodies of the Drowned, by Rev. A. Gatty, + &c. 297 + + Marriage of Ecclesiastics 298 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Robert Douglas--The Leman + Baronetcy--Cachecope Bell--"Dieu et mon Droit"--Defoe's + House at Stoke Newington--Study of Geometry in + Lancashire--Coke, how pronounced--Quistourne--Seneca's + Medea--The Editor of Jewel's Works in + Folio--Poetaster--Post Pascha--Linteamina and + Surplices--Climate--Ancient Language of Egypt--Welwood's + Memoirs 299 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 302 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 303 + + Notices to Correspondents 303 + + Advertisements 303 + + + + +Notes. + + +THE CAXTON MEMORIAL. + +Few persons having a common object in view, and equally desirous of its +attainment, fail in carrying it into effect. The object of "The Caxton +Memorial" is obviously to do honour to the first English printer; and if +a man's best monument be his own works, it will be necessary to +ascertain of what they consist. It is well known that most of the works +printed by Caxton were translated from the French, many doubtless by +himself. The Prefaces were evidently his own, and the continuation of +the _Polychronicon_ was confessedly written by himself. The most +valuable contribution to "The Caxton Coffer" would be a list of the +works which it is proposed to publish as those of Caxton, with some +calculation of their probable extent and cost of production. The +originals being in many cases of extreme rarity, it would be necessary +to transcribe fairly each work, and to collate it with the original in +its progress through the press. The following enumeration of the +Translations alone will give some idea of the work to be undertaken: + +_The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye._ (1471.) + +_The Game and playe of the Chesse._ 1474. + +_Thymage, or Myrrour of the World._ (1481.) + +_The Historye of Reynart the foxe._ 1481. + +_The laste siege and conqueste of Jherusalem._ 1481. + +_The Golden Legende._ 1483. + +_The Book called Cathon._ 1483. + +_The Book of the techynge of the Knyght of the Toure._ (1484.) + +_The Fables of Esope, Avian, Alfonce, and Poge._ 1484. + +_The Booke of the ordre of Chyvalry or knyghthode._ (1484.) + +_The Lyf of Prince Charles the Grete._ 1485. + +_The Ryal Book, or Book for a kyng._ 1485. + +_Thystorye of the noble knyght Parys_. (1485.) + +_The Doctrinal of Sapience._ 1489. + +_The Book of fayttee of armes and of Chyvalrye._ 1489. + +_A lityl treatise of the arte to knowe well to dye._ 1490. + +_The Boke of Eneydos compyled by Vyrgyle._ 1490. + +_The Curial of Maystre Alain Charretier._ n. d. + +_The Lyf of the holy Vyrgyn Saynt Wenefryde._ n. d.; and, lastly, + +_The Vitas Patrum_, which was translated by Caxton in 1486, but printed +by Wynkyn de Worde in 1495. + +Such are some of the materials for the "Memorial" suggested by MR. +BOLTON CORNEY; and if the original subscribers to a Monument should +consent to such an appropriation of their funds, it will be necessary to +apportion the number of copies to be distributed to each subscriber, +according to the amount of the original contribution. It is to be +presumed that the work will be strictly limited to subscribers, and +that no copies will be printed for sale, the object being, to do honour +to Caxton, and produce a lasting Memorial of that industrious printer. +The form of the work is of importance, with reference to the cost of its +production: and if a new life of the first English printer should +perchance be found necessary, "The Caxton Coffer" will require to be +considerably replenished before the literary undertaking can be carried +into effect. + + BERIAH BOTFIELD. + + +LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER. + +In Lord Campbell's account of the conduct of Archbishop Williams, and +the advice which that prelate gave to Charles I. with respect to the +attainder of Lord Strafford, is a sentence which seems to require a +"Note." Having observed that "Williams's conduct with respect to +Strafford cannot be defended," and having referred particularly to his +speech in parliament, he proceeds in these words:-- + + "The Bill of Attainder being passed, although he professed to + disapprove of it, he agreed to go with three other prelates to try + to induce the king to assent to it, and thus he stated the + question:--'Since his Majesty refers his own judgment to his + judges, and they are to answer it, if an innocent person + suffers,--why may he not satisfy his conscience in the present + matter, since competent judges in the law have awarded that they + find the Earl guilty of treason, by suffering the judgment to + stand, though in his own mind he is satisfied that the party + convicted was not criminous?' The other three bishops, trusting to + his learning and experience, joined with him in sanctioning this + distinction, in laying all the blame on the judges, and in saying + that the king, with a good conscience, might agree to Strafford's + death. Clarendon mainly imputes Strafford's death to Williams's + conduct on this occasion, saying that 'he acted his part with + prodigious boldness and impiety.' It is stated as matter of + palliation by others, that Ussher, the celebrated Archbishop of + Armagh, was one of this deputation, and that Strafford, although + aware of the advice he had given, was attended by him on the + scaffold, and received from him the last consolations of + religion."--_Lives of the Chancellors_, vol. ii. p. 494., second + edition. + +The account which Lord Campbell has here given is the same in substance +as that given by Bishop Hackett in his _Life of Williams_ (Part II. p. +161.), and in several particulars is calculated to mislead the reader. +The whole story has been very carefully examined by the late Dr. +Elrington in his _Life of Archbishop Ussher_. Hackett's account is very +incorrect. There were five prelates consulted by the king, Ussher, +Williams, Juxon, Morton (Durham) and Potter (Carlisle). The bishops had +two interviews with the king, one in the morning, and the other in the +evening of the same day. At the morning meeting Ussher was not present. +It was Sunday, and he was engaged at the time preaching at Covent +Garden. In the evening, he was in attendance, but so far from giving the +advice suggested by Williams, much less approving his pernicious +distinction between a public and private conscience, Ussher plainly +advised the king, that if he was not satisfied of Strafford being guilty +of treason, he "ought not in conscience to assent to his condemnation." +Such is the account given by Dr. Parr, Ussher's chaplain, who declares, +that, when the primate was supposed to be dying, he asked his Grace-- + + "Whether he had advised the king to pass the bill against the Earl + of Strafford? To which the Primate answered: 'I know there is such + a thing most wrongfully laid to my charge; for I neither gave nor + approved of any such advice as that the king should assent to the + bill against the Earl; but, on the contrary, told his Majesty, + that if he was satisfied by what he heard at his trial, that the + Earl was not guilty of treason, his Majesty ought not in + conscience to consent to his condemnation. And this the king knows + well enough, and can clear me if he pleases.' The hope of the + Primate was fulfilled, for, when a report reached Oxford that the + Primate was dead, the king expressed in very strong terms, to + Colonel William Legg and Mr. Kirk, who were then in waiting, his + regret at the event, speaking in high terms of his piety and + learning. Some one present said, 'he believed he might be so, were + it not for his persuading your Majesty to consent to the Earl of + Strafford's execution;' to which the king in a great passion + replied, 'that it was false, for after the bill was passed, the + Archbishop came to me, saying with tears in his eyes, Oh Sir, what + have you done? I fear that this act may prove a great trouble to + your conscience, and pray God that your Majesty may never suffer + by the signing of this bill.'"--Elrington's _Life of Ussher_, p. + 214. + +This account Dr. Elrington has taken from the narrative given by Dr. +Parr, who adds, that he had received this account of the testimony borne +by the king from Colonel Legg and Mr. Kirk themselves:-- + + "This is the substance of two certificates, taken divers times + under the hands of these two gentlemen of unquestionable credit; + both which, since they agree in substance, I thought fit to + contract into one testimony, which I have inserted here, having + the originals by me, to produce if occasion be."--Parr's _Life of + Ussher_, p. 61. + +Indeed, considering the great and uninterrupted friendship which +subsisted between Ussher and Strafford, considering that the primate was +his chosen friend during his trial and imprisonment, and attended him to +the scaffold, nothing could be more improbable than that he should have +advised the king to consent to his death. At all events, the story is +contradicted by those most competent to speak to its truth, by the +archbishop and by the king; and therefore, in a work so deservedly +popular as Lord Campbell's, one cannot but regret that any currency +should be given to a calumny so injurious to a prelate whose character +is as deserving of our esteem, as his learning is of our veneration. + + PEREGRINUS. + + +POETICAL COINCIDENCES. + +_Sheridan._ + +In the account which Moore has given, in his _Life of Sheridan_, of the +writings left unfinished by that celebrated orator and dramatist, he +states: + + "There also remain among his papers three acts of a drama without + a name, written evidently in haste, and with scarcely any + correction." + +From this production he gives the following verses, to which he has +appended the note I have placed immediately after them:-- + + "Oh yield, fair lids, the treasures of my heart, + Release those beams, that make this mansion bright; + From her sweet sense, Slumber! tho' sweet thou art, + Begone, and give the air she breathes in light. + + "Or while, oh Sleep, thou dost those glances hide, + Let rosy slumber still around her play, + Sweet as the cherub Innocence enjoy'd, + When in thy lap, new-born, in smiles he lay. + + "And thou, oh Dream, that com'st her sleep to cheer, + Oh take my shape, and play a lover's part; + Kiss her from me, and whisper in her ear, + Till her eyes shine, 'tis night within my heart." + + "I have taken the liberty here of supplying a few rhymes and words + that are wanting in the original copy of the song. The last line + of all runs thus in the manuscript:-- + + 'Til her eye shines, I live in darkest night,' + + which not rhyming as it ought, I have ventured to alter as above." + +Now the following sonnet, which occurs in the third book of Sir Philip +Sidney's _Arcadia_, is evidently the source from whence Sheridan drew +his inspiration, the concluding line in both poems being the same. Had +Moore given Sheridan's without alteration, the resemblance would in all +probability be found much closer:-- + + "Lock up, faire liddes, the treasure of my heart, + Preserve those beames, this ages onely light: + To her sweet sence, sweet sleepe some ease impart, + Her sence too weake to beare her spirits might. + + "And while, O Sleepe, thou closest up her sight, + (Her sight where Love did forge his fairest dart) + O harbour all her parts in easefull plight: + Let no strange dreame make her faire body start. + + "But yet, O dreame, if thou wilt not depart + In this rare subject from thy common right: + But wilt thy selfe in such a seate delight, + + "Then take my shape, and play a lover's part: + Kisse her from me, and say unto her sprite, + Till her eyes shine, I live in darkest night." + +The edition I quote from is that "Printed by W. S. for Simon Waterson, +London, 1627." I may add, that I wrote to Moore as far back as 1824 to +point out this singular coincidence; but although the communication was +courteously acknowledged, I do not believe the circumstance has been +noticed in any subsequent edition of Sheridan's memoirs. + + T. C. SMITH. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Medical Use of Pigeons_ (Vol. iv., p. 228.).--In my copy of Mr. +Alford's very unsatisfactory edition of Donne, I find noted (in addition +to R. T.'s quotation from _The Life of Mrs. Godolphin_) references to +Pepys's _Diary_, October 19, 1663, and January 21, 1667-8, and the +following from Jer. Taylor, ed. Heber, vol. xii. p. 290.: "We cut living +pigeons in halves, and apply them to the feet of men in fevers." + + J. C. R. + +_Michaelmas Goose--St. Martin's Cock._--In the county of Kilkenny, and +indeed all through the S.E. counties of Ireland, the "Michaelmas Goose" +is still had in honour. "St. Martin's Bird" (see p. 230. _antè_) is, +however, the cock, whose _blood is shed_ in honour of that saint at +Martinmas, Nov. 11. The same superstition does not apply, that I am +aware of, to the Michaelmas Goose, which is merely looked on as a dish +customary on that day, with such as can afford it, and always +accompanied by a _mélange_ of vegetables (potatos, parsnips, cabbage, +and onions) mashed together, with butter, and forming a dish termed +_Kailcannon_. The idea is far different as to St. Martin's Cock, the +blood of which is always shed _sacrificially_ in honour of the Saint. +Query, 1. The territorial extent of the latter custom? And, 2. What +pagan deity has transferred his honours to St. Martin of Tours. + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny. + +_Surrey Folk Lore._--A "wise woman" has lately made her appearance not +far from Reigate in Surrey. One of the farmers' wives there, on being +scalded the other day, sent to the old dame, who sent back a curious +doggrel, which the good woman was to repeat at stated times. At the end +of a week the scald got well, and the good woman told us that she knew +there was no harm in the charm, for "she had heard say as how it was +some verse from the Bible." + +When in a little shop the other day, in the same part of the country, +one village dame was speaking of the death of some neighbour, when +another said, that she hoped "they had been and told the bees." + +In the same neighbourhood I was told a sovereign cure for the goitre was +to form the sign of the cross on the neck with the hand of a corpse. + + M. M. P. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +The devices of our early English printers are often void of significancy +early, or else mere quibbles. In that particular, Caxton set a +commendable example. + +His device is "W.4.7C." The two figures, however, are interlaced, and +seem to admit of two interpretations. I must cite, on this question, the +famous triumvirate--Ames, Herbert, and Dibdin: + + "The following mark [above described] I find put at the end of + many of his books, _perhaps_ for the date 1474, when he began + printing in England, or his sign."--Joseph AMES, 1749. + + "The following mark [above described] I find put at the end of + many of his books, _perhaps_ for the date 1474, when he began + printing in England, or his sign."--William HERBERT, 1785. + + "The figures in the large device [above described] form the + _reverse impression_ of 74; meaning, _as it has been stated_, that + our printer commenced business in England, in the year 1474: but + not much weight can be attached to this remark, as no copy of the + _Chess book_, printed in 1474, has yet been discovered which + presents us with this device."--T. F. DIBDIN, 1810. + +In lieu of baseless conjectures, I have here to complain of timidity. +There is scarcely room for a doubt on the date. As dom de Vaines +observes, with regard to dates, "dans le bas âge on supprimoit le +millième et les centaines, commençant aux dixaines." There can be no +objection to the interpretation on that score. The main question +therefore is, in what order should we read the interlaced figures? Now, +the position of the _point_ proves that we should read 74--which is the +date of _The game and playe of the chesse_. The figures indicate 1474 as +clearly as the letters W. C. indicate William Caxton. What is the just +inference, must ever remain a matter of opinion. + +In the woodcut of _Arsmetrique_, published in the _Myrrour of the +worlde_, A.D. 1481, I observe the figures 74 rather conspicuously +placed, and perhaps the device was then first adopted. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +Minor Notes. + +"_They that touch pitch_," &c.--A few Sundays since the clergyman that I +"sit under," quoting in his discourse the words "they that touch pitch +will be defiled," ascribed them to "the wisest of men." A lady of his +congregation (who was, I fear, more critical than devout) pounced upon +her pastor's mistake, and asked me on the following Monday if I also had +noticed it. I denied that it was one; but she laughed at my ignorance, +produced a Shakspeare, and showed me the words in the mouth of Dogberry +(_Much Ado about Nothing_, Act III. Sc. 3.). However, by the help of a +"Cruden," I was able to find the same expression, not indeed in Solomon, +but in the son of Sirach (ch. xiii. v. 1.). + +If Shakspeare's appropriation of this passage has not been noticed +before, may I request the insertion of this note? It may possibly +prevent other learned divines from falling into the common (?) mistake +of thus quoting Dogberry as "the wisest of men." + + E. J. G. + + Preston. + +_Pasquinade._--In May last was placed on Pasquin's statue in Rome the +following triglot epigram, of which the original Latin was borrowed from +"NOTES AND QUERIES." As it is not probable that the Papal police allowed +it to remain long before the eyes of the lieges of his Holiness, allow +me to lay up in your pages this memorial of a visit to Rome during the +"Aggression" summer. + + "Cum Sapiente Pius nostras juravit in aras, + Impius heu Sapiens, desipiensque Pius. + + "When a league 'gainst our Faith Pope with Cardinal tries, + Neither _Wiseman_ is Pious, nor _Pius_ is Wise. + + "Quando Papa' o' Cardinale + Chiesa' Inglese tratta male, + Que Chiamo quella gente, + Piu? No-no, ni Sapiente. + + ANGLUS." + +The Italian version will of course be put down as _English_-Italian, and +therefore worse than mediocre; but I wished to perpetuate, along with +the sense of the Latin couplet, a little _jeu d'esprit_ which I saw half +obliterated on a wall at Rovigo, in the Lombardo-Venetian territory; +being a play on the family name and character of Pius IX.: + + "Piu?--No-no: ma stai Ferette;" + +which may be read, + + "Pious?--Not at all: but _still_ Ferette." + + A. B. R. + +_Two Attempts to show the Sound of "ough" final._-- + + 1. + + Though from rough cough, or hiccough free, + That man has pain enough, + Whose wound through plough, sunk in slough + Or lough begins to slough. + + 2. + + 'Tis not an easy task to show + How _o_, _u_, _g_, _h_ sound; since _though_ + An Irish _lough_ and English _slough_, + And _cough_ and hic_cough_, all allow, + Differ as much as _tough_, and _through_, + There seems no reason why they do. + + W. J. T. + + + + +Queries. + + +CAN BISHOPS VACATE THEIR SEES? + +In Lord Dover's note on one of Walpole's Letters to Sir H. Mann (1st +series, vol. iii. p 424.), I find it stated that Dr. Pearce, the +well-known Bishop of Rochester, was not allowed to vacate his see, when +in consequence of age and infirmity he wished to do so, on the plea that +a bishopric as being a peerage is _inalienable_. The Deanery of +Westminster, which he also held, he was allowed to resign, and did so. + +Now my impression has always been, that a bishop, as far as his peerage +is concerned, is much on the same footing as a representative peer of +Scotland or Ireland; I mean that his peerage is resignable at will. Of +course the representative peers are peers of Scotland or Ireland +respectively; but by being elected representative peers they acquire a +_pro-tempore_ peerage of the realm coincident with the duration of the +parliament, and at a dissolution require re-election, when of course any +such peer need not be reappointed. + +Now the clergy, says your correspondent CANONICUS EBORACENSIS (Vol. iv., +p. 197.), are _represented_ by the bishops. Although, therefore, whilst +they are so representative, they are peers of the realm just as much as +the lay members of the Upper House, I can see no reason why any bishop, +who, like Dr. Pearce, feels old age and infirmity coming on, should not +resign this representation, _i.e._ his peerage, or the _temporal_ +station which in England, owing to the existing connexion between church +and state, attaches to the _spiritual_ office of a bishop. + +Of course, ecclesiastically speaking, there is no doubt at all that a +bishop may resign his spiritual functions, _i.e._ the overlooking of his +diocese, for any meet cause. Our colonial bishops, for instance, do so. +The late warden of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, Bishop Coleridge, had +been Bishop of Barbadoes. So that if Lord Dover's theory be correct, a +purely secular reason, arising from the peculiar position of the English +church, would prevent any conscientious bishop from resigning duties, to +the discharge of which, from old age, bodily infirmity, or impaired +mental organs, he felt himself unfit. + +Perhaps some of your correspondents will give me some information on +this matter. + + K. S. + + +SANDERSON AND TAYLOR. + +I shall be much obliged if any of your readers can explain the following +coincidence between Sanderson and Jeremy Taylor. Taylor, in the +beginning of the _Ductor Dubitantium_, says: + + "It was well said of St. Bernard, 'Conscientia candor est lucis + æternæ, et speculum sine macula Dei majestatis, et imago bonitatis + illius;' 'Conscience is the brightness and splendour of the + eternal light, a spotless mirror of the Divine Majesty, and the + image of the goodness of God.' It is higher which Tatianus said of + conscience, [Greek: Monon einai syneidêsin Theon], 'Conscience is + God unto us,' which saying he had from Menander, + + [Greek: Brotois hapasin hê syneidêsis Theos]. + + "God is in our hearts by his laws; he rules in us by his + substitute, our conscience; God sits there and gives us laws; and + as God said unto Moses, 'I have made thee a God to Pharaoh,' that + is, to give him laws, and to minister in the execution of those + laws, and to inflict angry sentences upon him, so hath God done to + us." + +In the beginning of Sanderson's second lecture, _De Obligatione +Conscientiæ_, he says: + + "Hine illud ejusdem Menandri. [Greek: Brotois hapasin hê + syneidêsis Theos]; _Mortalibus sum cuique Conscientia Deus est_, + Quo nimirum sensu dixit Dominus se _constituisse Mosen Deum + Pharaoni_; quod seis Pharaoni voluntatem Dei subinde _inculcaret_, + ad cum faciendam Pharaonem _instigaret_, non obsequentem + contentibus plagis insectaretur; eodem fere sensu dici potest, + eundem quoque _constituisse in Deum unicuique hominum_ singularium + propriam _Conscientiam_." + +Sanderson's _Lectures_ were delivered at Oxford in 1647, but not +published till 1660. The Dedication to Robert Boyle is dated November, +1659. The _Ductor Dubitantium_ is dedicated to Charles II. after the +Restoration, but has a preface dated October, 1659. It is not likely, +therefore, that, Taylor borrowed from the printed work of Sanderson. +Perhaps the quotations and illustrations which they have in common were +borrowed from some older common source, where they occur _associated_ as +they do in these two writers. I should be glad to have any such source +pointed out. + + W. W. + + Cambridge. + + +Minor Queries. + +220. "_Vox verè Anglorum._"--"_Sacro-Sancta Regum +Majestas._"--_Translator of Horrebow's "Iceland."_--Perhaps some of your +readers may be able to tell me the names of the writers of the two +following works, which were published anonymously. + +1. _Vox verè Anglorum: or England's loud Cry for their King._ 4to. 1659. +Pp. 15. In this the place where it was published or printed is not +given. + +2. _Sacro-Sancta Regum Majestas: or, the Sacred and Royall Prerogative +of Christian Kings._ 4to. Printed at Oxford, 1644. The Dedication is +signed "J. A." + +I should also wish to find out, if possible, the name of the translator +of Horrebow's _Natural History of Iceland_, published in folio, in +London, in 1758. + + [Greek: Boreas.] + +221. "_Kings have their Conquests._"--I have met with a passage +commencing thus: + + "Kings have their conquests, length of days their date, + Triumph its tomb, felicity its fate;" + +followed by two more lines expressive of the infinity of Divine power, +as compared with human, which I have forgotten. Where is the passage to +be found? + + JAMES F. ABSALON. + + Portsea. + +222. _Dryden--Illustrations by T. Holt White._--The late T. Holt White, +Esq. (who edited and published in 1819 the _Areopagitica_ of Milton, +adding a very ably composed preface, erudite notes, and interesting +illustrations), had compiled in _many_ interleaved volumes of the works +of Dryden, such a mass of information, that Sir Walter Scott, when he +had turned over the leaves of a few volumes, closed them, and is +reported to have said, "_It would be unjust to meddle with such a +compilation; I see that I have not even straw to make my bricks with._" +Can any one of your correspondents inform me if that compilation has +been preserved, and where it is? + + ÆGROTUS. + +223. _Pauper's Badge, Meaning of._--In the Churchwarden's Accounts for +the parish of Eye for the year 1716, is the following entry: + + "22 July, 1716. + + "It is agreed that, forasmuch as Frances Gibbons _hath refused to + weare the badge_, that she should not be allowed the collection + [_i.e._ the weekly parish allowance] now due, nor for the future + w'h shall be due." + +Can any correspondent inform me what this _badge_ was, and also if it +was of general use in other places? + + J. B. COLMAN. + +224. _The Landing of William Prince of Orange in Torbay. Painted by J. +Northcote, R. A._--Can any of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" inform +me who is the owner of the above-named painting, which was in the +Exhibition of the Royal Academy at the end of the last century, and +afterwards engraved by J. Parker? + + A. H. W. + +225. _The Lowy of Tunbridge._--Lambarde (_Perambulation of Kent_, 1596, +p. 425.) says, that round about the town of Tunbridge lieth a territory +commonly called the Lowy, but in the ancient records written Leucata or +Leuga, which was a French league of ground, and which was allotted at +first to one Gislebert, son of Godfrey (who was natural brother to +Richard, second Duke of Normandy of that name), in lieu of a town and +land called Bryonnie in Normandy, which belonged to him, and which +Robert, eldest son to King William the Conqueror, seized and bestowed on +Robert Earle Mellent. I should be glad to know if there is at present +any trace of such a territory remaining. + + E. N. W. + + Southwark, Sept. 28, 1851. + +226. _Bones of Birds._--Some naturalists speak of the hollowness of the +bones of birds as giving them buoyancy, because they are filled with +air. It strikes me that this reason is inconclusive, for I should +suppose that in the atmosphere, hollow bones, _quite empty_, would be +more buoyant than if filled with air. Perhaps one of your correspondents +will kindly enlighten my ignorance, and explain whether the air with +which the bones are filled is not used by the bird in respiration in the +more rarefied altitudes, and the place supplied by a more gaseous +expiration of less specific gravity than the rarefied atmosphere? + +Although of a different class from the queries you usually insert, I +hope you will not think this foreign to the purpose of your useful +miscellany. + + AN AERONAUT. + +227. _"Malvina, a Tragedy."_--Can any of your readers afford any +information about (1.) _Malvina, a Tragedy_, Glasgow, printed by Andrew +Foules, 1786, 8vo., pp. 68? A MS. note on the copy in my library states +it to be written by Mr. John Riddel, surgeon, Glasgow. (2.) _Iphigenia, +a Tragedy_ in four acts. In Rege tamen Pater est.--Ovid. MDCCLXXXVII. My +copy has this MS. note: "By John Yorke, of Gouthwait, Esq., Yorkshire," +in the handwriting of Francis, seventh Baron Napier. Neither of these +tragedies in noticed in the _Biographia Dramatica_. + + J. MT. + +228. _Rinuccini Gallery._--I see by a late number of the _Athenæum_ +newspaper, that the splendid collection of pictures preserved in the +Rinuccini Palace at Florence will be brought to the hammer in the month +of May 1852. It has been stated, that amongst the works of art at one +period extant in the Rinuccini Palace, were a number of paintings made +by Italian artists for Cardinal Rinuccini, when on his Legatine mission +to Ireland in the middle of the seventeenth century, and representing +his triumphal entry into Kilkenny in November 1645. It has also been +asserted that these interesting historical paintings were wilfully +destroyed from a very discreditable motive. The importance of these +cartoons, as illustrating a period when Ireland became the final +battle-field of the contending parties which then divided the British +dominions, will at once be acknowledged; and at this period, when so +many foreigners are assembled in London, perhaps some reader of "NOTES +AND QUERIES" may be able to set the question of the existence or +destruction of these cartoons at rest. Or, at all events, some person +about to seek the genial air of Italy during the winter may bear this +"Query" in mind, and forward to your valuable paper a "Note" of the +contents of the Rinuccini Gallery. I need hardly say that the person so +doing will confer a favour on every student of Irish History. + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny, Oct. 11. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Meaning of Aneroid._--What is the derivation of the word _aneroid_, as +applied to a new description of barometer lately introduced? + + AGRICOLA. + + [From a note in Mr. Dent's interesting pamphlet, _A Treatise on + the Aneroid, a newly invented Portable Barometer; with a short + Historical Notice of Barometers in general, their Construction and + Use_, it appears that the word _aneroid_ has been the subject of + some philological discussion. "It is said to be derived from three + Greek words, [Greek: a], [Greek: nêros], and [Greek: eidos], and + to signify _a form without fluid_. If so, it does not appear very + happily chosen, since it indicates merely what the instrument is + _not_, without at all explaining what it is."] + +_Fox's Cunning._--Can any of your correspondents or readers give any +authentic information as to the fact having been witnessed by any one, +of the old story of the fox relieving itself of fleas by taking a +feather in its mouth, and gradually, though slowly enough, retrograding +itself into the water, first by legs and tail, then body, shoulders, and +head to the nose, and thus compelling the fleas, to escape from the +drowning element, to pass over the nose on to the bridge of the feather, +which is then committed to the stream. + +Has any one actually seen this? Has any one heard it related by one who +has seen the ejectment performed? + + J. D. + + Torquay, May 12. + + [Lord Brougham, in his _Dialogues on Instinct_ (ed. 1844, p. + 110.), does not allude to this proverbial instance, but says: "I + know not if it (the Fox's cunning) was ever more remarkably + displayed than in the Duke of Beaufort's country; where Reynard, + being hard pressed, disappeared suddenly, and was, after strict + search, found immersed in a water pool up to the very snout, by + which he held a willow bough hanging over the pond."] + + + + +Replies. + + +ARCHBISHOP OF SPALATRO. + +(Vol. iv., p. 257.) + +_Audi alteram partem_ is too excellent and equitable a rule, not to find +ample scope given for its exercise in "NOTES AND QUERIES," especially +where the memory of a foreigner is concerned, who, after dwelling awhile +among us under the protection of our hospitality, and in the communion +of our Church, was content eventually to sacrifice his life, rather than +forsake the truth, or repudiate the Church of England. + +I am led to this remark by observing the tone of depreciation in which +Chalmers speaks of Antonius de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalatro, in the +extract produced at p. 257. out of the _Biographical Dictionary_, for +the satisfaction of MR. W. FRAZER. + +The words of Chalmers, which I conceive to be objectionable, alike +ungenerous and inaccurate--such as Fuller might rejoice in (conf. +_Church History_, book x.)--are: + + "He returned to Rome in 1622, _where he abjured his errors_; but + on the discovery of a correspondence which he held with some + Protestants, he was thrown into prison, where he died in 1625. He + was a man of great abilities and learning, _although remarkable + for a fickleness in religious matters_." + +This reproach against the good archbishop, of having renounced the +English communion (for that is doubtless what is meant), is clearly an +unjust accusation, and appears to be based upon no better authority than +a spurious book, published in the Low Countries under Spalatro's name, +but without his knowledge or sanction, and bearing the following title: +_Marc. Ant. de Dominis sui reditus ex Angliâ concilium exponit_, 4to. +Dilingæ, 1623. This book at the time of its publication deceived Bishop +Hall, and gave occasion to the _Alter Ecebolius M. Ant. de Dominis, +pluribus dominis inservire doctus_: 4to. Lond. 1624. + +It is only fair, certainly, to Spalatro's memory, that the calumnies +thus raised against him in his lifetime should not now be perpetuated by +the inadvertency of modern writers, for so far at least the means are at +hand to refute them. Now there is one writer especially who has done +much to vindicate the name of Ant. de Dominis from this charge of +"fickleness in religious matters." That writer is Bishop Cosin, whose +testimony herein is of the more value from the fact of his having been +present (as Bishop Overall's secretary) at the "Conference between +Spalato and Overall," which "Conference" the following particulars were +collected by Mr. Gutch, _e Schedis MSS. Cosini_, and are preserved in +the _Collectanea Curiosa_, vol. ii. p. 18.: + + "A. Spalato came into England in 1616, being desirous to live + under the protection of King James, having before been recommended + by Padre Paolo. By King James's bounty and care he was safely + conveyed through Germany into England, and lodged in Lambeth + Palace: Abbot thinking fit to retire to Croydon, till either + Bishop Andrewes or Bishop Overall had conferred with him. The king + sent Bishop Overall to him, who took in his company his secretary, + and commanded him to be near him the same morning Spalato arrived, + to hear what passed between them. After dinner, some other being + present, the discourse began about the state of the Church of + England; of which Overall having given a large account, Spalato + received great satisfaction, and made his protestation that he + came into England then to live with us in the union and profession + of that Catholic religion which was so much obstructed in his own + country, that he could not with safety and peace of conscience + live there any longer. Then he added what satisfaction he had + received from the monitory preface of King James [Vid. _Apol. for + the Oath of Allegiance_, ed. 4to. Lond. 1609] to all the estates + and churches of Christendom; wherein the true ancient faith and + religion of the Catholic Church is set forth, and no heterodoxies + or novelties maintained: to the defence of which faith, and + service of which Church, as he had already a long time applied his + studies, and wrote ten books, _De Republicâ Ecclesiasticâ_, so, by + the favour of God, and King James, he was now come into England to + review and publish them, together with the _History of the Council + of Trent_, which he had brought with him from Padre Paolo of + Venice, who delivered it into his hands; by whom he was chiefly + persuaded and encouraged to have recourse to the king and the + Church of England, being the best founded for the profession of + true Catholic doctrine, and the freest from error and novelties, + of any Church in all places besides. Then they descended to the + particular points of doctrine," &c. + +It is, however, _not_ with the _doctrinal_ question which would, of +course, be inadmissible in "NOTES AND QUERIES," but with the historical +_fact_, that we have to do; the question being, whether Antonius +Spalateasis was "fickle" in respect of the Church of England. + +There is an interesting sketch of Spalatro's _after_ history in Cosin's +_Treatise against Transubstantiation_, chap. ii. § 7.; from Luke de +Beaulieu's translation of which (Cosin's _Collected Works_, vol. iv. p. +160., Oxford, 1851) I quote the following: + + "Antonio de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalato, (was) a man well + versed in the Sacred Writings, and the records of antiquity; who, + having left Italy (when he could no longer remain in it, either + with quiet or safety) by the advice of his intimate friend, Paulus + Venetus, took sanctuary under the protection of King James of + blessed memory, in the bosom of the Church of England, which he + did faithfully follow in all points and articles of religion. But, + being daily vexed with many affronts and injuries, and wearied by + the unjust persecutions of some sour and over-rigid men, who + bitterly declaimed everywhere against his life and actions, he at + last resolved to return into Italy with a safe conduct. Before he + departed he was, by order from the king, questioned by some + commissionated bishops, what he thought of the religion and church + of England, which for so many years he had owned and obeyed, and + what he would say of it in the Roman court. _To this query he gave + in writing this memorable answer, 'I am resolved, even with the + danger of my life, in profess before the Pope himself, that the + Church of England is a true and orthodox Church of Christ.' This + he not only promised, but faithfully performed_; for though, soon + after his departure, there came a book out of the Low Countries, + falsely bearing his name, by whose title many were deceived, even + among the English, and thereby moved to tax him with apostacy, and + of being another Ecebolius; yet, when he came to Rome (where he + was most kindly entertained in the palace of Pope Gregory XV., who + formerly had been his fellow-student), _he could never be + persuaded_ by the Jesuits and others, who daily thronged upon him, + neither to subscribe the new-devised tenets of the Council of + Trent, or _to retract those orthodox books_ which he had printed + in England and Germany, or _to renounce the communion of the + Church of England, in whose defence he constantly persisted to the + very last_. But, presently after the decease of Pope Gregory, he + was imprisoned by the Jesuits and Inquisitors in Castle St. + Angelo, where, by being barbarously used, and almost starved, he + soon got a mortal sickness, and died in a few days, though not + without suspicion of being poisoned. The day following, his corpse + was by the sentence of the Inquisition tied to an infamous stake, + and there burnt to ashes, _for no other reason but that he refused + to make abjuration of the religion of the Church of England_, and + subscribe some of the lately-made decrees of Trent, which were + pressed upon him as canons of the Catholic faith. I have taken + occasion (Cosin adds) to insert this narration, perhaps not known + to many, to make it appear that this reverend prelate, who did + great service to the Church of God, may justly (as I said before) + be reckoned among the writers of the Church of England." + +In the first collection of Lord Somers's _Tracts_, vol. iv. p. 575., +there is a curious paper bearing the title: _A relation sent from Rome, +of the process, sentence, and execution done upon the body, pictures, +and books of Marcus Ant. de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalato, after his +death._ There are some notices of De Dominis, also, among the Birch and +other MSS. in the British Museum. + +MR. FRAZER might possibly ascertain the other particular about which he +inquires, viz. whether Spalatro "_acted_ as a bishop in England," by +consulting some of the numerous tracts written at the time, both against +and in vindication of the archbishop; and, more particularly, a tract +entitled: _De pace religionis M. Ant. de Dominis Spalateus. Archiepisc. +Epist. ad venerabilem virum Jos. Hallum, Archipresbyterum Vigorn_, &c.: +edit. Ves. Sequan. 1666. + + J. SANSOM. + +Perhaps it may be doubted whether it was the wish of Antonius de Dominis +to reunite the churches of Rome and England: however this may be, as +Dean of Windsor, he accused one of the canons, Richard Mountagu +(afterwards successively Bishop of Chichester and Norwich) of preaching +the Roman doctrine of the invocation of saints and angels. Mountagu +replied in a pamphlet, the title of which is, _Immediate Addresse unto +GOD Alone. First delivered in a Sermon before his Majestie at Windsore, +since reuised and inlarged to a just Treatise of Invocation of Saints. +Occasioned by a false imputation of M. Antonius de Dominis upon the +Authour, Richard Mountagu._ London, 1624. + +Mountagu had evidently no high opinion of his accuser: for he writes in +his Epistle Dedicatory to John Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, and Visitor +of the collegiate church of Windsor: "There was present at my sermon +that infamous Ecebolius of these times, Religionis desultor, Archbishop +sometime of _Spalata_, then Deane of that church, Marcus Antonius de +Dominis;" and he goes on to abuse him in no measured terms. Collier +(_Ecc. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 726., ed. 1714) mentions that Antonius +assisted at the consecration of some English bishops in the chapel at +Lambeth Palace. He was afterwards reconciled to the Church of Rome, but +was soon imprisoned on suspicion of heresy. After he was dead, he passed +through the forms of the Inquisition, was pronounced a lapsed heretic, +and his corpse was publicly burnt. + + ROVERT. + + Withyham. + + +ANAGRAMS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 226.) + +I know not whether the art of composing anagrams was much practised in +the days of Swift; the description, however, of one of the employments +at the Academy of Lagado--the "project for improving speculative +knowledge by practical mechanical operations," which was carried into +operation by covering the superficies of a large frame with wooden +letters, which, by the turning of a handle, were constantly shifted into +new places--so aptly satirises this practice, that it seems likely that +it was to this he alluded, the more so as the one employment would be as +profitable as the other. MR. BREEN, however (Vol. iv., p. 226.) having +challenged the production of half a dozen good specimens of the art, +perhaps you will afford him an opportunity of amending his judgment. The +following twelve, whether new or not, will at least stand the test he +has propounded:-- + +Who will deny that _Old England_ is a _golden land_; or that _lawyers_ +are _sly ware_? + +There are many who deem _radical reform_ a _rare mad frolic_; and when +asked to _guess a fearful ruin_, would reply _universal suffrage_. + +Every one will admit that _astronomers_ are _moon-starers_; and that a +_telegraph_ is a _great help_. + +We have long been accustomed to consider that a _revolution_ is _to love +ruin_; and that _nine thumps_ constitute a _punishment_. + +What answer more fitting in the _penitentiary_ than _Nay, I repent it_? + +Is there a more _comical trade_ than the _democratical_? and what is +more likely to make _bakers fat_ than a good _breakfast_. + +But, in conclusion, I am compelled to confess that I can see no affinity +between _potentates_ and _ten tea pots_. + + C. A. + +That on _Daniel R._ may be otherwise rendered _Erin lad_. + + D. Q. + +Your interesting correspondent MR. BREEN challenges the world to produce +"six good anagrams." It may help him in his search for them to be +referred to two curious papers on the subject in the _Bengal Moofussul +Miscellany_, reprinted in London in 1837. Or, as perhaps he may not have +the book within reach, he may not be displeased at my extracting a few +of the best of them. The first is a compliment paid to one of the +Ptolemies: [Greek: Ptolemaios], [Greek: apo melitos]. Lycophron, in a +similar vein, calls [Greek: Arsinoê], [Greek: ion Hêras]. Out of +_William Noy_, Charles I.'s Ship-Money Attorney-General, we have, _I +moyl in law_. _Loraine_ produces _alerion_, which is assigned as the +reason for that house bearing eaglets in their arms. _Sir Edmundbury +Godfrey_ gives, _I fynd murder'd by rogues_. The tale about Lady Eleanor +Davies, lately referred to by one of your contributors, occurs in the +first of these papers; as does another of somewhat later date, which +really deserves to be preserved among your "Notes." + + "When young Stanislaus, afterwards king of Poland, returned home + from his travels, all the illustrious family of Leczinki assembled + at Lissa to congratulate him on his arrival. Festivals, shows, and + rejoicings of every kind took place: but the most ingenious + compliment that graced the occasion, was the one paid by the + College of Lissa. There appeared on the stage thirteen dancers, + dressed as youthful warriors; each held in his hand a shield, on + which was engraved in characters of gold, one of the thirteen + letters which compose the two words 'Domus Lescinia.' They then + commenced their dance, and so arranged it, that at each turn their + row of bucklers formed different anagrams. At the first pause they + presented them in the natural order: + + Domus Lescinia + At the second Ades Incolumis + At the third Omnis es lucida + At the fourth Mane Sidus Loci + At the fifth Sis Columna Dei + At the last I, scande Solium." + +I fear I have already asked for too much of your space, yet must I beg +the least bit more for an anagram which, unless the sacredness of the +subject be accounted a drawback, may well claim a foremost place among +the "six." It is found in Pilate's question to our Lord, _Quid est +veritas?_ which contains its own best answer: _Est Vir qui adest._ + + PHILIP HEDGELAND. + + +DISCOVERING THE BODIES OF THE DROWNED. + +(Vol. iv., p. 251.) + +The mode of doing this, as shown by S. W. to be practised by the North +American Indians, is very common amongst ourselves. About +five-and-twenty years ago, an Eton boy, named Dean, who had lately come +to the school, imprudently bathed in the river Thames where it flows +with great rapidity under the "playing fields," and he was soon carried +out of his depth, and disappeared. Efforts were made to save him or +recover the body, but to no purpose; until Mr. Evans, who was then, as +now, the accomplished drawing-master, threw a cricket bat into the +stream, which floated to a spot where it turned round in an eddy, and +from a deep hole underneath the body was quickly drawn. This statement +is entirely from memory, but I believe it to be substantially correct. + +I heard the following anecdote from the son of an eminent Irish judge. +In a remote district of Ireland a poor man, whose occupation at certain +seasons of the year was to pluck feathers from live geese for beds, +arrived one night at a lonely farmhouse, where he expected to glean a +good stock of these "live feathers," and he arose early next morning to +look after the flock. The geese had crossed the river which flowed in +front of the house, and were sitting comfortably in the sunshine on the +opposite bank. Their pursuer immediately stripped off the few clothes he +had, deposited them on the shore, and swam across the river. He then +drove the birds into the water, and, boldly following them, he +maintained a long contest to keep then together on their homeward +voyage, until in the deep bed of the river his strength failed him, and +he sank. The farmer and his family became aware of the accident, the +cries of the drowning man, and the cackling of the geese, informed them, +in the swimmer's extremity, of his fate, and his clothes lay on the +shore in witness of his having last been in their company. They dragged +the river for the body, but in vain; and in apprehension of serious +consequences to themselves should they be unable to produce the corpse, +they applied to the parish priests, who undertook to relieve them, and +to "improve the occasion" by the _performance of a miracle_. He called +together the few neighbours, and having tied a strip of parchment, +inscribed with cabalistic characters, round a wisp of straw; he dropped +this packet where the man's head was described to have sunk, and it +glided into still water where the corpse was easily discovered. + + ALFRED GATTY. + +The discovery of drowned bodies by loading a loaf with mercury, and +putting it afloat on a stream, or by casting into the river, as the +Indians do, "a chip of cedar wood, which will stop and turn round over +the exact spot," is referrible to natural and simple causes. As there +are in all running streams deep pools formed by eddies, in which drowned +bodies would be likely to be caught and retained, any light substance +thrown into the current would consequently be drawn to that part of the +surface over the centre of the eddy hole. + + J. S. C. + + +MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 57. 125. 193. 196.) + +In the early ages, your correspondent H. WALTER assumes that the +primitive Christians knew "that their Scriptures said of marriage that +it was honourable in all" (Vol. iv., p. 193.). H. WALTER is under more +than one mistake with regard to the text of St. Paul (Heb. xiii. 4.) on +which he grounds his assertion. This whole chapter being full of +admonitions, the apostle, all through it, speaks mostly in the +imperative mood. He begins with, "Let brotherly love continue;" "Be not +forgetful," &c.; "Remember them that are in bonds," &c. Then he says: +[Greek: Timios ho gamos en pasi, kai hê koitê amiantos], that is: "Let +(the laws of) marriage be revered in all _things_, and the marriage bed +be undefiled;" and as a warning to those who might not heed such an +admonition, he adds, "whoremongers and adulterers God will judge." H. +WALTER mistakes the adjective feminine [Greek: en pasi] as meaning "all +men," whereas it signifies here, "in all things;" according to which +sense St. Paul uses the same form of speech in 2 Corinthians xi. 6. True +it is, the authorised version translates thus: "Marriage _is_ honourable +in all;" but the _is_ is an insertion of the translators, and therefore +printed in Italics. Parkhurst, however, in his _Lexicon_, at the word +[Greek: Gamos], says: "Wolfius has justly remarked, the imperatives +preceding and following show that we should rather understand [Greek: +estô] than [Greek: esti]. See also Hammond and Macknight; and observe +that the Alexandrian and two other MSS., for [Greek: de] in the +following sentence read [Greek: gar], and the Vulgate translates by +_enim_, "for." + +I cannot but think that the makers of the authorized version advisedly +inserted _is_ instead of _let_, to forward their own new doctrines, as +this their rendering would seem to countenance the marriage of priests. +Curiously enough, when they had no interest in putting in the indicative +instead of the imperative mood, those same translators have of +themselves inserted, in the verse following, the latter, thus: "_Let_ +your conversation _be_ without covetousness," &c. Moreover, in +translating [Greek: en pasi], in another passage of St. Paul, 2 Cor. xi. +6., they render it, "in all things;" in which same sense it is to be +understood in the above place, Heb. xi. 4. + + CEPHAS. + +In lately reading that very curious book, Whiston's _Autobiography_, I +met with some remarks on this subject, which I made a note of, and which +are at the service of A. B. C. Whiston quotes the well-known Dr. Wall as +follows:-- + + "The Greek Church still observe the rule of allowing their clergy + to marry but once, and before the Council of Nice made a further + rule that none after his orders should marry; and I believe it is + hard to find in church history an instance of any one who married + after he was in priest's orders for a thousand (in reality for + above a thousand four hundred) years before Martin Luther." + +The interpolation marked by a parenthesis is Whiston's, who proceeds:-- + + "The Church of England allows their very bishops to be twice--nay + thrice--nay even four times married without any impediment to + their episcopal functions, whereas the Greek Patriarch of + Constantinople would not admit the Emperor Leo, a layman, into the + church, because he had married a fourth wife." + +Whiston, though a "fanciful man," as Burnet calls him, was well read in +Christian antiquity, and his opinion is therefore of some weight. Wall's +authority no one would willingly undervalue. + +I cannot call to mind any English bishop who was four times married; yet +Whiston would hardly have asserted the fact if he had not had some +example in view. I should be obliged to any one who would inform me on +the subject.[1] + + [Footnote 1: We have somewhere read of a Bishop Thomas giving his + fourth wife a ring, with this posy:-- + + "If I survive, I'll make it five." + + This may give a clue to our correspondent.] + +When on the subject of Whiston, I should be glad to know if his edition +of our Common Prayer Book published in 1713, and his Primitive New +Testament published in 1745, still exist.[2] + + [Footnote 2: The two works mentioned by K. S., though scarce, + occasionally occur for sale. The "Common Prayer Book" was + republished by the Rev. Peter Hall in his _Fragmenta Liturgica_, + vol. iii.] + +The former he entitled _The Liturgy of the Church of England reduced +nearer to the Primitive Standard_. The latter contains, besides the +Canonical Books of the New Testament, the Apostolic Constitutions, +Epistles of Ignatius, the Epistle of Timothy to Diognetus, &c. &c., all +of which he considered as of equal authority with the Canonical Books. +The Apostolic Constitutions indeed he terms "the most sacred of the +Canonical Books of the New Testament." + + K. S. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Robert Douglas_ (Vol. iv., p. 23.).--There is no truth in the report +that this person was a grandson of Mary Queen of Scots. His diary during +the march of the Scots troops to England, 1644, is printed in a work +entitled _Historical Fragments relative to Scotish Affairs from 1635 to +1664_, Edin., 1833, 8vo., published by Stevenson of Edinburgh, and +edited by James Maidment, Esq., of that city, who has enriched the +volume with many notes and illustrations, and has given in addition a +pretty copious account of Douglas. His letters and papers fell into the +hands of Wodrow. (See _Analecta Scotica_, vol. i. p. 326.) Allow me to +correct an error. The Bannatyne Club did _not_ print Wodrow's +_Analecta_. This very amusing collection was a munificent present from +the late Earl of Glasgow to the members of the Maitland Club, of which +his lordship was president; it is in _four_ thick 4to. volumes, and full +of all sorts of out-of-the-way information. It seems very little known +at present south the Tweed. I question whether Mr. Macaulay has gone +through it, although he is no doubt familiar with Wodrow's one-sided +work on the Sufferings of the Scotish Presbyterian clergy. + + J. MT. + +_The Leman Baronetcy_ (Vol. iv., pp. 58. 111.).--The attempt in +_Scotland_ to give a right to an _English_ title of honour is exposed +fully in Mr. Turnbull's _Anglo-Scotia Baronets_, Edin. 1846, P. XXXII. +iii. The "certified court proceedings" are worth nothing, and would not +be sustained in a court of law. The party called _Sir_ Edward Godfrey +Leman may or may not be the next heir of the Lord Mayor, but he must +prove his right in England by such evidence as may be required there, +and not by reference to what would not even be looked at in the Scotish +law courts. + + J. MT. + +_Cachecope Bell_ (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--Is it possible that this word +may be a corruption of the low Latin "Catascopus" (Gr. [Greek: +kataskopos]), and that it was applied to a bell which a watchman tolled +to give an alarm of fire, &c.? I have seen a bell set apart for this +duty, in churches on the continent. + + C. P. PH***. + +May not this have been a bell specially rung at funerals, and deriving +its name (as has been suggested to me) from _cache corps_, "cover the +body" (in the ground)? And why not, since we have got "curfew" out of +_couvre feu_, "cover the fire?" + + A. G. + + Ecclesfield. + + [E. V. has suggested a similar explanation of this term.] + +"_Dieu et mon Droit_" (Vol. iii., p. 407.).--In Bishop Nicolson's +_English Historical Library_, part iii. chap. i., under the section +treating of _Charters_ appears the following paragraph: + + "The same king (Edward III.), as founder of the most noble order + of Knights of the Garter, had his arms sometimes encircled with + their motto of 'Honi soit,' &c., that of 'Dieu et mon Droit' + having formerly been assumed by Richard the First, intimating that + the Kings of England hold their empire from God alone. But + _neither of those_ ever appeared on the Broad Seal, before the + days of Henry the Eighth." + + FRANCISCUS. + +_Defoe's House at Stoke Newington_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--This house is +the one which was occupied by the late William Frend, M.A., of the Rock +Life Office, and which now belongs to his widow. It is on the south side +of Church Street, a little to the east of Lordship Lane or Road, and has +about four acres of ground attached, bounded on the west by a narrow +footway, once (if not still) called Cutthroat Lane. Or it may be +identified thus: take the map of Stoke Newington in Robinson's history +of that place, London, 1820, 8vo., and look directly below the first "e" +in "Church Street." Among the papers by which the house is held is the +copy of the enrolment of a surrender to the lord of manor, dated +February 26, 1740, in which the house is described as "heretofore in the +tenure or occupation of Daniel Defoe." The history just mentioned stated +that he was living at Newington in 1709. There appears no reason to +suppose that he built the house. Dr. Price lived for some years in it, +as the domestic chaplain of a subsequent owner. + + M. + +_Study of Geometry in Lancashire_ (Vol. ii., p. 57.).--Your +correspondent Mr. T. T. WILKINSON, in his interesting article on this +subject, attributes the first rise of the study of geometry in +Lancashire to the Oldham Mathematical Society. But he is not perhaps +aware, that half a century before a Mathematical Society existed at +Manchester. I have a thin 8vo., entitled-- + + "Mathematical Lectures; being the first and second that were read + to the Mathematical Society at Manchester. By the late ingenious + Mathematician John Jackson. '_Who can number the Sands of the Sea, + the Drops of Rain, and the Days of Eternity?_' Ecclus. i. 2. '_He + that telleth the Number of the Stars, and calleth them all by + their Names._' Psalm cxlvii. 4. Manchester, printed by Roger + Adams, in the Parsonage, and sold by William Clayton, Bookseller, + at the Conduit. 1719." + +The book is dedicated to the "Virtuous and Religious Lady Bland." The +Preface states that + + "There having been lately set up in Manchester a Mathematical + Society, which was encouraged by many (and some Honorable) + subscribers, and the composing of the Lectures being undertaken by + the late ingenious Mathematician Mr. John Jackson, and he having + discharged himself well becoming his parts and character in the + reading of several extraordinary ones in Geometry, we thought it + would be great pity, as well as ingratitude, to let such worthy + performances expire with him." + +Then follow the two Lectures, which terminate at p. 41. The first was +read Aug. 12, 1718; the second, Aug. 19, 1718. The Manchester +Mathematical Society would be one of the earliest in the kingdom. +Perhaps the Oldham Society might be a branch of the Manchester. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + +_Coke, how pronounced_ (Vol. iv., pp. 24. 74. 93. 138. 244.).--I think +that the pronunciation of _Cook_ for _Coke_ is not a "modern +affectation," as in a MS. journal of the proceedings in parliament of +the session of 1621, now in my possession, there is, amongst other +amusing things, an account of a quarrel between Mr. Clement Coke, son of +Sir Edward, and Sir Charles Moryson, in which Mr. Coke's name is +frequently spelt _Cooke_. I should judge that the pronunciation was by +no means settled at that time; for, as the journal was evidently written +whilst the debates were going on, it appears to me that the +pronunciation of each speaker was followed, and the name is spelt +differently in speeches that succeed each other. I send you an exact +copy of one example of this: + + "M'r Whittbye.--That M'r _Coke_ will submitt and satisfy in + acknow'g his wrong don, if S'r Char's will say he ment it not a + disgrace. + + "S'r Ro. Phil'ps.--I would any way mitigate y'e censure: I should + need no other induce't but to rememb'r he is y'e soun of such a + father. But I must say, I thinke S'r Char's hath not given y'e + least occas'n to M'r _Cooke_," &c. &c. + + C. DE D. + +_Quistourne_ (Vol. iv., p. 116.).--Here is a word so very like the +Devonshire one which has puzzled a correspondent, that it may be the +same one in sense as well in sound. In one of the Low-Norman insular +dialects, it denotes a slap with the _back_ of the _hand_; in +French-British[3], KIS DOÛRN, _revers de main_. + + [Footnote 3: I was asked by a great and true scholar, now no more, + What do you mean by _British_? My answer was, "The nation that you + have nicknamed _Welsh_ or _Strangers_, which they are not. With me + the English are still English, the Scotch Scots, the Britons in + France the British there."] + + G. M. + +_Seneca's Medea_ (Vol. i., p. 107.; Vol. iii., p. 464.).--I cannot feel +much doubt that the prophecy ascribed to Medea was a mere allusion to +events actually past. It was a compliment to Claudius upon the recent +reduction of Britannia under the Roman arms, with nothing future, unless +it were an encouragement to bring Caledonia, Ireland, and the small +islands, into similar subjection. The Oceanus was supposed to extend +indefinitely westward, beyond the world, into the regions of Night and +Chaos, and was not only dreaded for its stormy navigation, but from +feelings of religious awe. The expedition to Britain was peculiar from +being ultra-mundane, and an invasion of the ocean, so that + + "Oceanus + Vincula rerum laxet et ingens + Pateat tellus." + +For that reason only they called the Britons "penitus toto divisos +orbe." "Britain (said the pseudo-Hegesippus) lying out of the world, was +by the power of the Roman empire reduced into the world," cit. Camden. +And the same is implied in another place of Seneca himself-- + + "Ille Britannos + _Ultra noti_ + _Littora ponti_, etc. + Dare Romuleis + Colla catenis + Jussit." + +But the "Poemata Pithæana," reprinted in Camden, form the most lively +commentary on the chorus of the Medea. They are likewise of the Claudian +age, they relate to the conquest of Britain, and they are nothing but an +expansion of that one idea, the trans-oceanic voyage and ultra-mundane +conquest-- + + "Oceanus.... Qui finis mundo, non erit imperio. Oceanus mêdium + venit imperium. At nunc Oceanus geminos interluit orbes, Pars est + imperii, terminus ante fuit. Et jam Romano cingimur Oceano. + Oceanus jam terga dedit, etc. Conjunctum est, quod _adhuc_ (i.e. + _nunc_) orbis, et orbis erat," &c. + +The Chorus of Seneca has no more of prophecy, or sagacious conjecture, +or other anticipation of the future, than Gray's "Bard," or the prophecy +of Medea in Pindar's "Pythians," both of them fulfilled before the +poet's time. Whatever may seem of a larger import, in Seneca's language, +than events had fully justified, belongs to the obscure and lofty strain +of remote vaticinations, or to the exaggerations of flattery. + + A. N. + +_The Editor of Jewel's Works in Folio_ (Vol. iv., p. 225.).--Colet +speaks of the editions of Jewel published in 1609 and 1611 as "edited by +Fuller." On meeting with the statement elsewhere, I supposed it to be a +mistake, as Fuller was born in 1608; but when I found it apparently +countenanced by the notice of Jewel in Fuller's _Abel Redivivus_ (Camb. +1651, p. 313.), I was much puzzled, until, on turning to the +Introduction, § 11., I discovered that the writer of that notice, and +editor of the folios, was not _Fuller_, but _Featley_. + + J. C. R. + +_Poetaster_ (Vol. iv., p. 59.).--In reply to A BORDERER, I do not think +_poetaster_ to be a genuine Latin word, though where first used I do not +know. The French equivalent is _poëtereau_; the Italian _poëterio_; both +formed according to the analogies of the respective languages. +_Poetaster_ seems to me to be formed upon the model of _oleaster_, +_pinaster_, &c., as though to indicate that the person to whom the name +is applied is as unlike a true poet as the wild olive to the true olive, +or the wild pine to the true pine. What then is the derivation of +_aster_ as a termination? Some punster will say, respecting _oleaster_, +that it is _olea sterilis_. Is it not [Greek: agrios]? or is it rather a +form cognate to the Greek termination [Greek: -azô], which generally +means the performance of some energy, or the exhibiting of some state, +implied in the substantive; as though the wild olive affected the +characteristics and condition of the genuine olive? I am fully aware of +many difficulties in the admission of these derivations. I would suggest +another. Does _aster_ signify that which affects or approaches the +characteristics of the substantive to which it is added, as the +terminations _-estis_ or _-estris_, whereby adjectives are formed; as +_agrestis_, _sylvestris_, _campestris_, at the same time that the forms +are allied, _-aster_, _-estris_, _-estis_? + + THEOPHYLACT. + +_Post Pascha_ (Vol. iv., p. 151.).--A parallel to the "hypertautology" +noticed by M. may be found in the determination of the University of +Orleans on the question of Henry VIII.'s divorce, which is dated "die +quinto mensis Aprilis, _ante pascha_," from which it has been argued, +that that document must have been drawn up in 1530, not (as stated in +the printed copies) in 1529, when Easter fell on March 28. + + J. C. R. + +_Linteamina and Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--It seems probable that +the surplice became an ecclesiastical vestment at an early date, though +the exact period of its introduction into the Christian church it is +difficult to ascertain; it may not unlikely have been taken from the +white linen ephod of the Jewish priests. Wheatly (c. ii. § 4.) quotes a +passage from Jerome to the following effect: "What offence can it be to +God for a bishop or priest to proceed to communion in a white garment;" +and he considers it not improbable that it was in use in Cyprian's days. +Bingham (_French Churches' Apology_, book iii. chap. vii.) cites a +letter of Peter Martyr to Bishop Hooper on the vestment controversy, in +which he states that a distinction of habits may be proved by many +passages of Eusebius, Cyprian, Tertullian, and Chrysostom. By the +twelfth canon of the Council of Narbonne, A.D. 589, the clergy were +forbidden to take the _albe_ off until after mass was ended. In ancient +times, as Mr. Palmer observes (_Orig. Lit._ ii. 409.), the _surplice_ +probably differed not from the _albe_; it differs now only in having +wider sleeves. + + N. E. R. (a Subscriber.) + +_Climate_ (Vol. iv., p. 231.).--A _climate_ was a zone contained between +two parallels of latitude. The climates were made to contain various +arcs of _latitude_, in different systems. See Hutton's _Mathematical +Dictionary_ at _Climate_, or any work which efficiently explains old +astronomical terms. Thus a _climate_ originally meant a certain range of +latitude; and as we now speak of warm and cold latitudes, so it became +customary to speak of climates, until the last word became wholly +meteorological. + + M. + + "_Climate_ or _Clime_ in geography is a part of the surface of the + earth, bounded by two circles parallel to the equator, and of such + a breadth as that the longest day in the parallel nearer the pole + exceeds the longest day in that next the equator by some certain + spaces, viz. half an hour. + + "The ancients, who confined the climates to what they imagined the + habitable parts of the earth, only allowed of seven. The first + they made to pass through Meroë; the second, through Sienna; the + third, through Alexandria; the fourth, through Rhodes; the fifth, + through Rome; the sixth, through Pontus; and the seventh, through + the mouth the Borysthenes."--_Encyclopædia Britannica_, art. + "CLIMATE." + + S. C. C. + + Corfe Castle. + +_Ancient Language of Egypt_ (Vol. iv., pp. 152. 240.).--The only works +on the language of ancient Egypt preserved in the hieroglyphical +inscriptions that possess any authority are the _Grammaire Egyptienne_ +of Champollion[4], and the appendix to the first volume of the Chevalier +Bunsen's _Egypt's Place in Universal History_. Much, however, is known +to individuals who have studied the language, which has not been +published, or perhaps digested into a system; and the works mentioned +are by no means to be depended on as to matters of detail, especially as +respects the verbs and pronouns, though the general principles of +interpretation may be considered as settled. There was another language +used by the ancient Egyptians, and expressed in what is called the +demotic or enchorial character. Brugsch of Berlin is the highest +authority as to this; his work, _De natura et indole linguæ popularis +Ægyptiorum_, is, I believe, incomplete, but he has published others in +Latin and German. + + [Footnote 4: This contains the latest views of the author, whose + most important discoveries were made near the close of his life. + The _Précis_ contains much that Champollion afterwards rejected as + erroneous. The _Dictionnaire_ is a compilation, made after his + death from what he wrote at different periods of his life. It is + inconsistent with itself, and abounds in errors, so as to be worse + than useless to the student.] + +The work on Egyptian chronology, from which most seems to be expected, +is that of Lepsius; but he has yet published only the first volume, +which consists of preliminary matter. Le Sueur's treatise, though +crowned by the French Académie, is a failure. Bunsen's less palpably +erroneous, but a great part of the second and third volumes, which were +published in German in 1844, would require to be re-written. Those who +wish to study the chronology, as systematised by the Egyptians +themselves, should consult the Turin _Book Of Kings_, of which an +accurate fac-simile, with explanatory text, has been lithographed, and +is about to be published by subscription, under the superintendence of a +committee, of which Sir Gardner Wilkinson is the most prominent member. + + E. H. D. D. + +_Welwood's Memoirs_ (Vol. iv., p. 70.).--The edition referred to by MR. +ROSS I have not seen, but there is one in my library printed at London +in 1702, and which bears to be "the fourth edition," with the dedication +to the king, and an address "to the reader" commencing as follows:-- + + "These sheets were writ some years ago, by the encouragement of + _one_ whose memory will be ever sacred to posterity. It's needless + to mention the occasion; and they had not been published now, if a + surreptitious copy of a part of the manuscript had not crept + abroad." + +The volume, which is very well got up in 8vo., is printed for "Tim. +Goodwin, and sold by James Round at the Seneca's Head in Exchange +Alley." + +It may be fairly inferred that this edition came out under the +superintendence of Welwood, and it would be interesting to ascertain +whether there are any alterations in the sixth edition. Welwood was a +Scotchman, and a letter from him to James Anderson, the eminent Scotish +antiquary, will be found amongst the Anderson Papers in the Library of +the Faculty of Advocates. It has been printed in the appendix to the +_Catalogues of Scotish Writers_, Edinburgh, 1833. + + J. MT. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +On Wednesday the curtain fell on the most gorgeous and successful +Pageant ever enacted--a Pageant in which all the nations of the earth +played a part, with the Crystal Palace for their "tyring house." Honour +then to all who had hand or heart in this Triumph of Peace! Honour to +our Queen for her most judicious patronage! Honour to Prince Albert for +the admirable tact with which he fulfilled the duties of his important +office! Honour to our countrymen for the manner in which they have +maintained the dignity of a free people! Honour to our foreign visitors +for the friendly spirit in which they responded to our invitation and +received our welcome! Honour to that efficient corps the Sappers and +Miners, (and happily we have only to mention the military to recognise +their services as civilians), and to our Police for their good-humoured +firmness! Honour to Paxton, for his design--to Fox and Henderson for +their execution of it! and, though last not least, honour to that band +of zealous and indefatigable spirits, the Digby Wyatts, Dilkes, Coles, +Scott Russells, &c., to whose prevision and supervision, at all times +and in all places, the success of the World's Fair and the comfort of +its visitors, owe so much! If ever there was a fitting time for +instituting an ORDER OF CIVIL MERIT, it is now; if ever there were men +who deserved to wear such an order, they who planned, and they who +carried out the GREAT EXHIBITION OF THE WORKS OF INDUSTRY OF ALL +NATIONS, they are the men. + +We could not allow the Great Exhibition to close without making a Note +of it: we have therefore little room this week for Notes on Books. We +must, however, take notice of six additional volumes of the _National +Illustrated Library_, which we have received. Of three of these we may +well speak briefly, as they form the Second, Third, and Fourth Volumes +of _Boswell's Life of Johnson_, to which we formerly directed the +attention of our readers. _The Book of English Songs from the Sixteenth +to the Nineteenth Century_ is a very well selected volume. The Editor's +endeavour to present a fair view of this branch of our National +Literature has been attended with success, and the book will, we have +no doubt, be a popular one. _The Orbs of Heaven_, by Mr. Mitchel, the +director of the Cincinnati Observatory, is intended to furnish a popular +exposition of the great Discoveries and Theories of Modern Astronomy, +and to exhibit the structure of the universe so far as revealed by the +mind of man. The book is a reprint of a series of lectures delivered in +the hall of Cincinnati College, with such success as to have led to the +establishment of the Cincinnati Observatory--need we say more? The sixth +volume is a very interesting but painful one, _The Mormons, or +Latter-Day Saints, with Memoirs of the Life and Death of Joseph Smith, +the American Mahomet_. How startling is the contrast in the +subject-matter of these two books--the one rich in a display of the +infinite wisdom of the Creator, the other depicting most vividly the +foolishness of man. + +The new volume of Bohn's _Standard Library_ is the second of Dr. +Neander's _History of the Planting and Training of the Christian Church +by the Apostles, with the Author's Final Additions; and his +Antignostikus, or Spirit of Tertullian_, which completes, we believe, +the series of translations from the writing of this learned German +divine. _The metamorphoses of Ovid, literally translated into English +Prose_, forms the new volume of Bohn's _Classical Library_, and the +Translator, Mr. Riley, has endeavoured to render the work more inviting +to the scholar, and more intelligible to those who are unversed in +classical literature, by numerous explanatory notes calculated to throw +considerable light upon the origin and meaning of some of the traditions +of heathen mythology. + +It will be seen by our advertising columns that Messrs. Puttick and +Simpson exhibit a numerous List of important Sales of Books, +Manuscripts, Autographs, &c., which they have in preparation for the +ensuing season. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.) + +THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II. + +HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.) + +RITSON'S ROBIN HOOD. 12mo. London 1795. Vol II. (10_s._ will be given +for a clean copy in boards, or 7_s._ 6_d._ for a clean copy _bound_.) + +DR. JOHNSON'S PRAYERS AND MEDITATIONS. + +ANNUAL OBITUARY AND BIOGRAPHY. Vol. XXXI. + +THEOPHILUS AND PHILODOXUS, or Several Conferences, &c., by Gilbert +Giles, D.D., Oxon, 1674; or the same work republished 1679, under the +title of a "Dialogue between a Protestant and a Papist." + +PECK'S COMPLETE CATALOGUE OF ALL THE DISCOURSES WRITTEN BOTH FOR AND +AGAINST PAPACY IN THE TIME OF KING JAMES II. 1735. 4to. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, + _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We are this week compelled to request the indulgence of our +correspondents for the omission of our usual acknowledgement of_ REPLIES +RECEIVED. + +J. O. D. M. (Worthing). _Mr. Alison the author of_ THE NEW REFORMATION, +_is not Mr. Alison the author of_ THE HISTORY OF EUROPE. + +F. D. _will find the_ "Sermon against Miracle Plays" _in the_ RELIQUÆ +ANTIQUÆ, vol. ii. p. 42. _There are no collective editions of the +dramatic compositions of Nash or Lyllie._ + +LLAW GYFFES _is referred to our Number of the 4th Oct., p. 206., where +he will find his Davies Queries duly inserted._ + +ALBION _in our next; also_ DR. HENRY'S "Notes on Virgil." _We owe an +apology to_ DR. HENRY _for having nodded, and so allowed the word_ +impertinent _to pass unerased from a comment upon his Note on_ Servius. +_It is an epithet which certainly ought neither to have been applied to +him, nor admitted into our columns._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of T. E. H., +will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +_NOTES AND QUERIES is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + + + + +MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES +of LITERARY PROPERTY will COMMENCE on NOVEMBER 1st, and would call +attention to the ensuing List of Sales in preparation by them. In +addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of +Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of +Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Picture, Music, Musical Instruments, +Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the +Arts generally, would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and +surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the +central situation of their premises (near St. James Church), their +extensive connexion of more than half a century's standings, and their +prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will +not be unappreciated. Messrs. P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of +Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales +with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages +to the possessor of a few Lots as the owner of a large Collection. + + [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the + Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. + + On Saturday, Nov. 1, a large Collection of VALUABLE BOOKS, removed + from the Country, including many curious and rare Works, and a + good selection of Modern Literature. Six days' sale. + + On Wednesday, Nov. 12, EFFECTS of the late STANESBY ALCHORNE, + Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very + important MSS. relating to Mint Affairs, Royal and other + Autographs (30 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic + Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most + important series of weights, including the original and unique + Troy Pound, the Collection of Coins and Medals in gold and silver, + in the first condition, many patterns and proofs, and a well-known + and very important picture by Murillo. + + On Saturday, Nov. 15, a very extensive and important Collection of + MANUSCRIPTS, CHARTERS, DEEDS, and other DOCUMENTS, chiefly + relating to English Country and Family History. + + On Monday, Nov. 17, the LIBRARY of the late RICHARD JONES, Esq., + removed from his residence, Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, + including an excellent Collection of Dramatic and General + Literature. Four days' sale. + + A Selection of CURIOUS BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS of an eminent + Collector, deceased. Two days' sale. + + A Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS and Documents of considerable + interest, the property of a well-known Collector relinquishing + that part of his Collection. + + The concluding portion of the Collection of AUTOGRAPH LETTERS of + Mons. A. DONNADIEU, comprising, mainly, the period of the first + French Revolution. Three days' sale. + + The MUSICAL COLLECTIONS of a Gentleman recently deceased, + including some engraved plates of Copyright Works, Musical + Instruments, &c. + + The very important and extensive LIBRARY of the COUNT MONDIDIER, + recently imported, especially rich in Foreign Literature, and + comprising an extraordinary Collection of Books relating to + America, Voyages, Travels, and Itineraries, including some of the + rarest Works in the classes, and many which have been hitherto + unknown to Bibliographers. Ten days' sale. + + [Star symbol] Catalogues of any of the before-named Collections + will be sent on application to the Auctioneers, 191. Piccadilly. + + +Just published, in One Vol. post 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + + MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS. By the REV. E. MANGIN, M.A. + + London: HOPE and CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street; by + whom Books, Pamphlets, Sermons, &c., are printed greatly under the + usual charges; while in the Publishing Department every endeavour + is made to promote an extensive sale. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq. Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq. Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood., M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ _s._ _d._ + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER will contain, in + addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family + Use, a list of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the + Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges + connected with the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various + Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the + Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of the + Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added + an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on + Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; + mostly compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY AND ECCLESIASTICAL CALENDAR, will + contain a Diary, with Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full + directions for Public Worship for every day in the year, with + blank spaces for Memoranda: A List of all the Bishops and other + Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the order of their + respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American + Churches; and particular: respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek + Churches; together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects + in England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the + Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of + Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, Courts + of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a + variety of information useful to all Clergymen. Forming a most + complete and convenient Pocket-book for Clergymen. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +LONDON LIBRARY, 12. St. James's Square.--Patron--His Royal Highness +Prince ALBERT. + + This Institution now offers to its members a collection of 60,000 + Volumes, to which additions are constantly making, both in English + and foreign literature. A reading room is also open for the use of + the members, supplied with the best English and foreign + periodicals. + + Terms of admission--entrance fee, 6_l._; annual subscription, + 2_l._; or entrance fee and life subscription, 26_l._ + + By order of the Committee. + + September, 1851. + + J. G. COCHRANE, Secretary and Librarian. + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXVIII., is published THIS DAY. + + CONTENTS: + + I. WIDOW BURNING IN INDIA. + II. LIFE OF BISHOP KEN. + III. PURITANISM IN THE HIGHLANDS. + IV. MIRABEAU AND COUNT DE LA MARCK. + V. SIR THOMAS BROWNE--WILKIN'S EDITION. + VI. THE LEXINGTON PAPERS. + VII. LYELL ON LIFE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT. + VIII. PAPAL PRETENSIONS. + IX. REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE--FRENCH and ENGLISH. + + JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +MURRAY'S READING FOR THE RAIL: or Cheap Books in large readable Type, to +be published occasionally, and varying in Prices from One Shilling and +upwards. + + The aim and object of the publisher, in this Series, is to + dissemble sound and entertaining information and innocent + amusement, instead of the trivial, and often immoral, publications + which are for the most part offered to the notice of Railway + Readers. He designs to introduce a class of works at once cheap, + valuable, and instructive, not merely to be read on the Railway, + and thrown aside at the end of the journey, but such as shall + deserve a permanent place on the shelves of the Library. + + It will thus form an appropriate sequel to the HOME AND COLONIAL + LIBRARY. + + Already published. + + 1. ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." Being a selection from the Literary + Papers which have appeared in that Journal. Fcap. 8vo. 4s. + + 2. THE CHACE. By NIMROD. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. + + 3. "THE FORTY-FIVE;" or, The Rebellion in Scotland. By LORD MAHON. + Post 8vo. 3_s._ + + To be followed by + + 4. LAYARD'S POPULAR ACCOUNT OF NINEVEH. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 30_s._ + + 5. THE ROAD. By NIMROD. Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo. 1s. + + JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + +Just published, price 4_s._ 6_d._ + + [Greek: AISCHYLOU HIKETIDES.] Æschyli Supplices. Recensuit F. A. + PALEY. Editio emendatior. + + Apud J. DEIGHTON, Cantabrigiæ. Et WHITTAKER et SOC.; et SIMPKIN et + SOC., Londini. + + +This day is published, price 6_s._ + + THE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN SPAIN, from the Time of their + Settlement in that Country till the Commencement of the present + Century. Written and illustrated with divers extremely scarce + Documents, by DON ADOLFO DE CASTRO: Cadiz, 1817. Translated by the + Rev. EDWARD D. G. M. KIRWAN, M.A., Fellow of King's College, + Cambridge. + + Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON. London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + +ORIENTAL BOOKS CHEAP.--WESTERGAARD Radices Sanscritæ, 4to., Bonnæ, 1841, +sd. 14_s._--CASTELLI Lexicon Syriacium, ed. Michaelis, 2 vols. 4to. +Goett 1788, sewed 6_s._ 6_d._; or half bd. calf. 9_s._--WEIL'S +Geschichte der Khalifen, 3 vols. 8vo. (published at 3_l._ 3_s._) +1848-1851, 30_s._--FREYTAG, Lexicon Arabicum, 4to. Halis, 1837 +(published at 2_l._ 2_s._) sewed 17_s._ 6_d._--UPHAM'S Sacred Books of +Ceylon and of Buddhism, 3 vols. 8vo. 1833, bds. 25_s._--RODRIGUEZ, +Grammaire Japonaise et Supplément, 8vo. Paris, 1825-1826. 12_s._--XII +PROPHETAE MINORES, Coptice et Latine, ed. Tattam, 8vo. Oxon. 1836, bds. +6_s._--Tattam's Egyptian Grammar, 8vo. 1830, bds. rare, 10_s._ + + [Star symbol] New Catalogues of Cheap and Rare Books in all the + Languages of the World, gratis on application. + + BERNARD QUARITCH, Second-hand Foreign Bookseller, 16. Castle + Street, Leicester Square. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, October 18. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +103, October 18, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. IV *** + +***** This file should be named 38864-8.txt or 38864-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/8/8/6/38864/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. 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