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+The Project Gutenberg Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v5
+#5 in our series by Madam Campan
+#51 in our series Historic Court Memoirs
+
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+Title: The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v5
+
+Author: Madame Campan
+
+Official Release Date: March, 2003  [Etext #3888]
+[Yes, we are about one year ahead of schedule]
+[The actual date this file first posted = 07/29/01]
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+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+The Project Gutenberg Etext Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, by Campan, v5
+*********This file should be named cm51b10.txt or cm51b10.zip*********
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+
+MEMOIRS OF THE COURT OF MARIE ANTOINETTE, QUEEN OF FRANCE
+
+Being the Historic Memoirs of Madam Campan,
+First Lady in Waiting to the Queen
+
+
+
+BOOK 5.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+The ever-memorable oath of the States General, taken at the Tennis Court
+of Versailles, was followed by the royal sitting of the 23d of June.  In
+this seance the King declared that the Orders must vote separately, and
+threatened, if further obstacles were met with, to himself act for the
+good of the people.  The Queen looked on M. Necker's not accompanying the
+King as treachery or criminal cowardice: she said that he had converted a
+remedy into poison; that being in full popularity, his audacity, in
+openly disavowing the step taken by his sovereign, had emboldened the
+factious, and led away the whole Assembly; and that he was the more
+culpable inasmuch as he had the evening before given her his word to
+accompany the King.  In vain did M. Necker endeavour to excuse himself by
+saying that his advice had not been followed.
+
+Soon afterwards the insurrections of the 11th, 12th, and 14th of July--
+[The Bastille was taken on the 14th July, 1789.]--opened the disastrous
+drama with which France was threatened.  The massacre of M. de Flesselles
+and M. de Launay drew bitter tears from the Queen, and the idea that the
+King had lost such devoted subjects wounded her to the heart.
+
+The character of the movement was no longer merely that of a popular
+insurrection; cries of "Vive la Nation!  Vive le Roi!  Vive la Liberte!"
+threw the strongest light upon the views of the reformers.  Still the
+people spoke of the King with affection, and appeared to think him
+favourable to the national desire for the reform of what were called
+abuses; but they imagined that he was restrained by the opinions and
+influence of the Comte d'Artois and the Queen; and those two august
+personages were therefore objects of hatred to the malcontents.  The
+dangers incurred by the Comte d'Artois determined the King's first step
+with the States General.  He attended their meeting on the morning of the
+15th of July with his brothers, without pomp or escort; he spoke standing
+and uncovered, and pronounced these memorable words: "I trust myself to
+you; I only wish to be at one with my nation, and, counting on the
+affection and fidelity of my subjects, I have given orders to the troops
+to remove from Paris and Versailles."  The King returned on foot from the
+chamber of the States General to his palace; the deputies crowded after
+him, and formed his escort, and that of the Princes who accompanied him.
+The rage of the populace was pointed against the Comte d'Artois, whose
+unfavourable opinion of the double representation was an odious crime in
+their eyes.  They repeatedly cried out, "The King for ever, in spite of
+you and your opinions, Monseigneur!" One woman had the impudence to come
+up to the King and ask him whether what he had been doing was done
+sincerely, and whether he would not be forced to retract it.
+
+The courtyards of the Chateau were thronged with an immense concourse of
+people; they demanded that the King and Queen, with their children,
+should make their appearance in the balcony.  The Queen gave me the key
+of the inner doors, which led to the Dauphin's apartments, and desired me
+to go to the Duchesse de Polignac to tell her that she wanted her son,
+and had directed me to bring him myself into her room, where she waited
+to show him to the people.  The Duchess said this order indicated that
+she was not to accompany the Prince.  I did not answer; she squeezed my
+hand, saying, "Ah! Madame Campan, what a blow I receive!"  She embraced
+the child and me with tears.  She knew how much I loved and valued the
+goodness and the noble simplicity of her disposition.  I endeavoured to
+reassure her by saying that I should bring back the Prince to her; but
+she persisted, and said she understood the order, and knew what it meant.
+She then retired to her private room, holding her handkerchief to her
+eyes.  One of the under-governesses asked me whether she might go with
+the Dauphin; I told her the Queen had given no order to the contrary, and
+we hastened to her Majesty, who was waiting to lead the Prince to the
+balcony.
+
+Having executed this sad commission, I went down into the courtyard,
+where I mingled with the crowd.  I heard a thousand vociferations; it was
+easy to see, by the difference between the language and the dress of some
+persons among the mob, that they were in disguise.  A woman, whose face
+was covered with a black lace veil, seized me by the arm with some
+violence, and said, calling me by my name, "I know you very well; tell
+your Queen not to meddle with government any longer; let her leave her
+husband and our good States General to effect the happiness of the
+people."  At the same moment a man, dressed much in the style of a
+marketman, with his hat pulled down over his eyes, seized me by the other
+arm, and said, "Yes, yes; tell her over and over again that it will not
+be with these States as with the others, which produced no good to the
+people; that the nation is too enlightened in 1789 not to make something
+more of them; and that there will not now be seen a deputy of the 'Tiers
+Etat' making a speech with one knee on the ground; tell her this, do you
+hear?  "I was struck with dread; the Queen then appeared in the balcony.
+"Ah!" said the woman in the veil, "the Duchess is not with her."--"No,"
+replied the man, "but she is still at Versailles; she is working
+underground, molelike; but we shall know how to dig her out."  The
+detestable pair moved away from me, and I reentered the palace, scarcely
+able to support myself.  I thought it my duty to relate the dialogue of
+these two strangers to the Queen; she made me repeat the particulars to
+the King.
+
+About four in the afternoon I went across the terrace to Madame
+Victoire's apartments; three men had stopped under the windows of the
+throne-chamber.  "Here is that throne," said one of them aloud, "the
+vestiges of which will soon be sought for."  He added a thousand
+invectives against their Majesties.  I went in to the Princess, who was
+at work alone in her closet, behind a canvass blind, which prevented her
+from being seen by those without.  The three men were still walking upon
+the terrace; I showed them to her, and told her what they had said.  She
+rose to take a nearer view of them, and informed me that one of them was
+named Saint-Huruge; that he was sold to the Duc d'Orleans, and was
+furious against the Government, because he had been confined once under a
+'lettre de cachet' as a bad character.
+
+The King was not ignorant of these popular threats; he also knew the days
+on which money was scattered about Paris, and once or twice the Queen
+prevented my going there, saying there would certainly be a riot the next
+day, because she knew that a quantity of crown pieces had been
+distributed in the faubourgs.
+
+     [I have seen a six-franc crown piece, which certainly served to pay
+     some wretch on the night of the 12th of July; the words "Midnight,
+     12th July, three pistols," were rather deeply engraven on it.  They
+     were, no doubt, a password for the first insurrection.
+     --MADAME COMPAN]
+
+On the evening of the 14th of July the King came to the Queen's
+apartments, where I was with her Majesty alone; he conversed with her
+respecting the scandalous report disseminated by the factious, that he
+had had the Chamber of the National Assembly undermined, in order to blow
+it up; but he added that it became him to treat such absurd assertions
+with contempt, as usual; I ventured to tell him that I had the evening
+before supped with M. Begouen, one of the deputies, who said that there
+were very respectable persons who thought that this horrible contrivance
+had been proposed without the King's knowledge.  "Then," said his
+Majesty, "as the idea of such an atrocity was not revolting to so worthy
+a man as M. Begouen, I will order the chamber to be examined early to-
+morrow morning."  In fact, it will be seen by the King's, speech to the
+National Assembly, on the 15th of July, that the suspicions excited
+obtained his attention.  "I know," said he in the speech in question,
+"that unworthy insinuations have been made; I know there are those who
+have dared to assert that your persons are not safe; can it be necessary
+to give you assurances upon the subject of reports so culpable, denied
+beforehand by my known character?"
+
+The proceedings of the 15th of July produced no mitigation of the
+disturbances.  Successive deputations of poissardes came to request the
+King to visit Paris, where his presence alone would put an end to the
+insurrection.
+
+On the 16th a committee was held in the King's apartments, at which a
+most important question was discussed: whether his Majesty should quit
+Versailles and set off with the troops whom he had recently ordered to
+withdraw, or go to Paris to tranquillise the minds of the people.  The
+Queen was for the departure.  On the evening of the 16th she made me take
+all her jewels out of their cases, to collect them in one small box,
+which she might carry off in her own carriage.  With my assistance she
+burnt a large quantity of papers; for Versailles was then threatened with
+an early visit of armed men from Paris.
+
+The Queen, on the morning of the 16th, before attending another committee
+at the King's, having got her jewels ready, and looked over all her
+papers, gave me one folded up but not sealed, and desired me not to read
+it until she should give me an order to do so from the King's room, and
+that then I was to execute its contents; but she returned herself about
+ten in the morning; the affair was decided; the army was to go away
+without the King; all those who were in imminent danger were to go at the
+same time.  "The King will go to the Hotel de Ville to-morrow," said the
+Queen to me; "he did not choose this course for himself; there were long
+debates on the question; at last the King put an end to them by rising
+and saying, 'Well, gentlemen, we must decide; am I to go or to stay?  I
+am ready to do either.'  The majority were for the King staying; time
+will show whether the right choice has been made."  I returned the Queen
+the paper she had given me, which was now useless; she read it to me; it
+contained her orders for the departure; I was to go with her, as well on
+account of my office about her person as to serve as a teacher to Madame.
+The Queen tore the paper, and said, with tears in her eyes, "When I wrote
+this I thought it would be useful, but fate has ordered otherwise, to the
+misfortune of us all, as I much fear."
+
+After the departure of the troops the new administration received thanks;
+M. Necker was recalled.  The artillery soldiers were undoubtedly
+corrupted.  "Wherefore all these guns?"  exclaimed the crowds of women
+who filled the streets.  "Will you kill your mothers, your wives, your
+children?"--"Don't be afraid," answered the soldiers; "these guns shall
+rather be levelled against the tyrant's palace than against you!"
+
+The Comte d'Artois, the Prince de Conde, and their children set off at
+the same time with the troops.  The Duc and Duchesse de Polignac, their
+daughter, the Duchesse de Guiche, the Comtesse Diane de Polignac, sister
+of the Duke, and the Abbe de Baliviere, also emigrated on the same night.
+Nothing could be more affecting than the parting of the Queen and her
+friend; extreme misfortune had banished from their minds the recollection
+of differences to which political opinions alone had given rise.  The
+Queen several times wished to go and embrace her once more after their
+sorrowful adieu, but she was too closely watched.  She desired M. Campan
+to be present at the departure of the Duchess, and gave him a purse of
+five hundred Louis, desiring him to insist upon her allowing the Queen to
+lend her that sum to defray her expenses on the road.  The Queen added
+that she knew her situation; that she had often calculated her income,
+and the expenses occasioned by her place at Court; that both husband and
+wife having no other fortune than their official salaries, could not
+possibly have saved anything, however differently people might think at
+Paris.
+
+M. Campan remained till midnight with the Duchess to see her enter her
+carriage.  She was disguised as a femme de chambre, and got up in front
+of the Berlin; she requested M. Campan to remember her frequently to the
+Queen, and then quitted for ever that palace, that favour, and that
+influence which had raised her up such cruel enemies.  On their arrival
+at Sens the travellers found the people in a state of insurrection; they
+asked all those who came from Paris whether the Polignacs were still with
+the Queen.  A group of inquisitive persons put that question to the Abbe
+de Baliviere, who answered them in the firmest tone, and with the most
+cavalier air, that they were far enough from Versailles, and that we had
+got rid of all such bad people.  At the following stage the postilion got
+on the doorstep and said to the Duchess, "Madame, there are some good
+people left in the world: I recognised you all at Sens."  They gave the
+worthy fellow a handful of gold.
+
+On the breaking out of these disturbances an old man above seventy years
+of age gave the Queen an extraordinary proof of attachment and fidelity.
+M. Peraque, a rich inhabitant of the colonies, father of M. d'Oudenarde,
+was coming from Brussels to Paris; while changing horses he was met by a
+young man who was leaving France, and who recommended him if he carried
+any letters from foreign countries to burn them immediately, especially
+if he had any for the Queen.  M. Peraque had one from the Archduchess,
+the Gouvernante of the Low Countries, for her Majesty.  He thanked the
+stranger, and carefully concealed his packet; but as he approached Paris
+the insurrection appeared to him so general and so violent, that he
+thought no means could be relied on for securing this letter from
+seizure.  He took upon him to unseal it, and learned it by heart, which
+was a wonderful effort for a man at his time of life, as it contained
+four pages of writing.  On his arrival at Paris he wrote it down, and
+then presented it to the Queen, telling her that the heart of an old and
+faithful subject had given him courage to form and execute such a
+resolution.  The Queen received M. Peraque in her closet, and expressed
+her gratitude in an affecting manner most honourable to the worthy old
+man.  Her Majesty thought the young stranger who had apprised him of the
+state of Paris was Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, who was very devoted
+to her, and who left Paris at that time.
+
+The Marquise de Tourzel replaced the Duchess de Polignac.  She was
+selected by the Queen as being the mother of a family and a woman of
+irreproachable conduct, who had superintended the education of her own
+daughters with the greatest success.
+
+The King went to Paris on the 17th of July, accompanied by the Marechal
+de Beauvau, the Duc de Villeroi, and the Duc de Villequier; he also took
+the Comte d'Estaing, and the Marquis de Nesle, who were then very
+popular, in his carriage.  Twelve Body Guards, and the town guard of
+Versailles, escorted him to the Pont du Jour, near Sevres, where the
+Parisian guard was waiting for him.  His departure caused equal grief and
+alarm to his friends, notwithstanding the calmness he exhibited.  The
+Queen restrained her tears, and shut herself up in her private rooms with
+her family.  She sent for several persons belonging to her Court; their
+doors were locked.  Terror had driven them away.  The silence of death
+reigned throughout the palace; they hardly dared hope that the King would
+return?  The Queen had a robe prepared for her, and sent orders to her
+stables to have all her equipages ready.  She wrote an address of a few
+lines for the Assembly, determining to go there with her family, the
+officers of her palace, and her servants, if the King should be detained
+prisoner at Paris.  She got this address by heart; it began with these
+words: "Gentlemen, I come to place in your hands the wife and family of
+your sovereign; do not suffer those who have been united in heaven to be
+put asunder on earth."  While she was repeating this address she was
+often interrupted by tears, and sorrowfully exclaimed: "They will not let
+him return!"
+
+It was past four when the King, who had left Versailles at ten in the
+morning, entered the Hotel de Ville.  At length, at six in the evening,
+M. de Lastours, the King's first page, arrived; he was not half an hour
+in coming from the Barriere de la Conference to Versailles.  Everybody
+knows that the moment of calm in Paris was that in which the unfortunate
+sovereign received the tricoloured cockade from M. Bailly, and placed it
+in his hat.  A shout of "Vive le Roi!" arose on all sides; it had not
+been once uttered before.  The King breathed again, and with tears in his
+eyes exclaimed that his heart stood in need of such greetings from the
+people.  One of his equerries (M. de Cubieres) told him the people loved
+him, and that he could never have doubted it.  The King replied in
+accents of profound sensibility:
+
+"Cubieres, the French loved Henri IV., and what king ever better deserved
+to be beloved?"
+
+     [Louis XVI. cherished the memory of Henri IV.: at that moment he
+     thought of his deplorable end; but he long before regarded him as a
+     model.  Soulavie says on the subject: "A tablet with the inscription
+     'Resurrexit' placed upon the pedestal of Henri IV.'s statue on the
+     accession of Louis XVI. flattered him exceedingly.  'What a fine
+     compliment,' said he, 'if it were true!  Tacitus himself never wrote
+     anything so concise or so happy.'  Louis XVI. wished to take the
+     reign of that Prince for a model.  In the following year the party
+     that raised a commotion among the people on account of the dearness
+     of corn removed the tablet inscribed Resurrexit from the statue of
+     Henri IV., and placed it under that of Louis XV., whose memory was
+     then detested, as he was believed to have traded on the scarcity of
+     food.  Louis XVI., who was informed of it, withdrew into his private
+     apartments, where he was found in a fever shedding tears; and during
+     the whole of that day he could not be prevailed upon either to dine,
+     walk out, or sup.  From this circumstance we may judge what he
+     endured at the commencement of the Revolution, when he was accused
+     of not loving the French people."--NOTE BY THE EDITOR.]
+
+His return to Versailles filled his family with inexpressible joy; in the
+arms of the Queen, his sister, and his children, he congratulated himself
+that no accident had happened; and he repeated several times, "Happily no
+blood has been shed, and I swear that never shall a drop of French blood
+be shed by my order,"--a determination full of humanity, but too openly
+avowed in such factious times!
+
+The King's last measure raised a hope in many that general tranquillity
+would soon enable the Assembly to resume its, labours, and promptly bring
+its session to a close.  The Queen never flattered herself so far;
+M. Bailly's speech to the King had equally wounded her pride and hurt her
+feelings.  "Henri IV. conquered his people, and here are the people
+conquering their King."  The word "conquest" offended her; she never
+forgave M. Bailly for this fine academical phrase.
+
+Five days after the King's visit to Paris, the departure of the troops,
+and the removal of the Princes and some of the nobility whose influence
+seemed to alarm the people, a horrible deed committed by hired assassins
+proved that the King had descended the steps of his throne without having
+effected a reconciliation with his people.
+
+M. Foulon, adjoint to the administration while M. de Broglie was
+commanding the army assembled at Versailles, had concealed himself at
+Viry.  He was there recognised, and the peasants seized him, and dragged
+him to the Hotel de Ville.  The cry for death was heard; the electors,
+the members of committee, and M. de La Fayette, at that time the idol of
+Paris, in vain endeavoured to save the unfortunate man.  After tormenting
+him in a manner which makes humanity shudder, his body was dragged about
+the streets, and to the Palais Royal, and his heart was carried by women
+in the midst of a bunch of white carnations!  M. Berthier, M. Foulon's
+son-in-law, intendant of Paris, was seized at Compiegne, at the same time
+that his father-in-law was seized at Viry, and treated with still more
+relentless cruelty.
+
+The Queen was always persuaded that this horrible deed was occasioned by
+some indiscretion; and she informed me that M. Foulon had drawn up two
+memorials for the direction of the King's conduct at the time of his
+being called to Court on the removal of M. Necker; and that these
+memorials contained two schemes of totally different nature for
+extricating the King from the dreadful situation in which he was placed.
+In the first of these projects M. Foulon expressed himself without
+reserve respecting the criminal views of the Duc d'Orleans; said that
+he ought to be put under arrest, and that no time should be lost in
+commencing a prosecution against him, while the criminal tribunals were
+still in existence; he likewise pointed out such deputies as should be
+apprehended, and advised the King not to separate himself from his army
+until order was restored.
+
+His other plan was that the King should make himself master of the
+revolution before its complete explosion; he advised his Majesty to go to
+the Assembly, and there, in person, to demand the cahiers,
+
+     [Cahiers, the memorials or lists of complaints, grievances, and
+     requirements of the electors drawn up by the primary assemblies and
+     sent with the deputies.]
+
+and to make the greatest sacrifices to satisfy the legitimate wishes of
+the people, and not to give the factious time to enlist them in aid of
+their criminal designs.  Madame Adelaide had M. Foulon's two memorials
+read to her in the presence of four or five persons.  One of them, Comte
+Louis de Narbonne, was very intimate with Madame de Stael, and that
+intimacy gave the Queen reason to believe that the opposite party had
+gained information of M. Foulon's schemes.
+
+It is known that young Barnave, during an aberration of mind, since
+expiated by sincere repentance, and even by death, uttered these
+atrocious words: "Is then the blood now, flowing so pure?" when M.
+Berthier's son came to the Assembly to implore the eloquence of M. de
+Lally to entreat that body to save his father's life.  I have since been
+informed that a son of M. Foulon, having returned to France after these
+first ebullitions of the Revolution, saw Barnave, and gave him one of
+those memorials in which M. Foulon advised Louis XVI. to prevent the
+revolutionary explosion by voluntarily granting all that the Assembly
+required before the 14th of July.  "Read this memorial," said he; "I have
+brought it to increase your remorse: it is the only revenge I wish to
+inflict on you."  Barnave burst into tears, and said to him all that the
+profoundest grief could dictate.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+After the 14th of July, by a manoeuvre for which the most skilful
+factions of any age might have envied the Assembly, the whole population
+of France was armed and organised into a National Guard.  A report was
+spread throughout France on the same day, and almost at the same hour,
+that four thousand brigands were marching towards such towns or villages
+as it was wished to induce to take arms.  Never was any plan better laid;
+terror spread at the same moment all over the kingdom.  In 1791 a peasant
+showed me a steep rock in the mountains of the Mont d'Or on which his
+wife concealed herself on the day when the four thousand brigands were to
+attack their village, and told me they had been obliged to make use of
+ropes to let her down from the height which fear alone had enabled her to
+climb.
+
+Versailles was certainly the place where the national military uniform
+appeared most offensive.  All the King's valets, even of the lowest
+class, were metamorphosed into lieutenants or captains; almost all the
+musicians of the chapel ventured one day to make their appearance at the
+King's mass in a military costume; and an Italian soprano adopted the
+uniform of a grenadier captain.  The King was very much offended at this
+conduct, and forbade his servants to appear in his presence in so
+unsuitable a dress.
+
+The departure of the Duchesse de Polignac naturally left the Abbe de
+Vermond exposed to all the dangers of favouritism.  He was already talked
+of as an adviser dangerous to the nation.  The Queen was alarmed at it,
+and recommended him to remove to Valenciennes, where Count Esterhazy was
+in command.  He was obliged to leave that place in a few days and set off
+for Vienna, where he remained.
+
+On the night of the 17th of July the Queen, being unable to sleep, made
+me watch by her until three in the morning.  I was extremely surprised to
+hear her say that it would be a very long time before the Abbe de Vermond
+would make his appearance at Court again, even if the existing ferment
+should subside, because he would not readily be forgiven for his
+attachment to the Archbishop of Sens; and that she had lost in him a very
+devoted servant.  Then she suddenly remarked to me, that although he was
+not much prejudiced against me I could not have much regard for him,
+because he could not bear my father-in-law to hold the place of secretary
+of the closet.  She went on to say that I must have studied the Abbe's
+character, and, as I had sometimes drawn her portraits of living
+characters, in imitation of those which were fashionable in the time of
+Louis XIV., she desired me to sketch that of the Abbe, without any
+reserve.  My astonishment was extreme; the Queen spoke of the man who,
+the day before, had been in the greatest intimacy with her with the
+utmost coolness, and as a person whom, perhaps, she might never see
+again!  I remained petrified; the Queen persisted, and told me that he
+had been the enemy of my family for more than twelve years, without
+having been able to injure it in her opinion; so that I had no occasion
+to dread his return, however severely I might depict him.  I promptly
+summarised my ideas about the favourite; but I only remember that the
+portrait was drawn with sincerity, except that everything which could
+denote antipathy was kept out of it.  I shall make but one extract from
+it: I said that he had been born talkative and indiscreet, and had
+assumed a character of singularity and abruptness in order to conceal
+those two failings.  The Queen interrupted me by saying, "Ah! how true
+that is!"  I have since discovered that, notwithstanding the high favour
+which the Abbe de Vermond enjoyed, the Queen took precautions to guard
+herself against an ascendency the consequences of which she could not
+calculate.
+
+On the death of my father-in-law his executors placed in my hands a box
+containing a few jewels deposited by the Queen with M. Campan on the
+departure from Versailles of the 6th of October, and two sealed packets,
+each inscribed, "Campan will take care of these papers for me."  I took
+the two packets to her Majesty, who kept the jewels and the larger
+packet, and, returning me the smaller, said, "Take care of that for me as
+your father-in-law did."
+
+After the fatal 10th of August, 1792,--[The day of the attack on the
+Tuileries, slaughter of the Swiss guard, and suspension of the King from
+his functions.]--when my house was about to be surrounded, I determined
+to burn the most interesting papers of which I was the depositary; I
+thought it my duty, however, to open this packet, which it might perhaps
+be necessary for me to preserve at all hazards.
+I saw that it contained a letter from the Abbe de Vermond to the Queen.
+I have already related that in the earlier days of Madame de Polignac's
+favour he determined to remove from Versailles, and that the Queen
+recalled him by means of the Comte de Mercy.  This letter contained
+nothing but certain conditions for his return; it was the most whimsical
+of treaties; I confess I greatly regretted being under the necessity of
+destroying it.  He reproached the Queen for her infatuation for the
+Comtesse Jules, her family, and society; and told her several truths
+about the possible consequences of a friendship which ranked that lady
+among the favourites of the Queens of France, a title always disliked by
+the nation.  He complained that his advice was neglected, and then came
+to the conditions of his return to Versailles; after strong assurances
+that he would never, in all his life, aim at the higher church dignities,
+he said that he delighted in an unbounded confidence; and that he asked
+but two things of her Majesty as essential: the first was, not to give
+him her orders through any third person, and to write to him herself; he
+complained much that he had had no letter in her own hand since he had
+left Vienna; then he demanded of her an income of eighty thousand livres,
+in ecclesiastical benefices; and concluded by saying that, if she
+condescended to assure him herself that she would set about procuring him
+what he wished, her letter would be sufficient in itself to show him that
+her Majesty had accepted the two conditions he ventured to make
+respecting his return.  No doubt the letter was written; at least it is
+very certain that the benefices were granted, and that his absence from
+Versailles lasted only a single week.
+
+In the course of July, 1789, the regiment of French guards, which had
+been in a state of insurrection from the latter end of June, abandoned
+its colours.  One single company of grenadiers remained faithful, to its
+post at Versailles.  M. le Baron de Leval was the captain of this
+company.  He came every evening to request me to give the Queen an
+account of the disposition of his soldiers; but M. de La Fayette having
+sent them a note, they all deserted during the night and joined their
+comrades, who were enrolled in the Paris guard; so that Louis XVI. on
+rising saw no guard whatever at the various posts entrusted to them.
+
+The decrees of the 4th of August, by which all privileges were abolished,
+are well known.
+
+     ["It was during the night of the 4th of August," says Rivarol, "that
+     the demagogues of the nobility, wearied with a protracted discussion
+     upon the rights of man, and burning to signalise their zeal, rose
+     all at once, and with loud exclamations called for the last sighs of
+     the feudal system.  This demand electrified the Assembly.  All heads
+     were frenzied.  The younger sons of good families, having nothing,
+     were delighted to sacrifice their too fortunate elders upon the
+     altar of the country; a few country cures felt no less pleasure in
+     renouncing the benefices of others; but what posterity will hardly
+     believe is that the same enthusiasm infected the whole nobility;
+     zeal walked hand in hand with malevolence; they made sacrifice upon
+     sacrifice.  And as in Japan the point of honour lies in a man's
+     killing himself in the presence of the person who has offended him,
+     so did the deputies of the nobility vie in striking at themselves
+     and their constituents.  The people who were present at this noble
+     contest increased the intoxication of their new allies by their
+     shouts; and the deputies of the commons, seeing that this memorable
+     night would only afford them profit without honour, consoled their
+     self-love by wondering at what Nobility, grafted upon the Third
+     Estate, could do.  They named that night the 'night of dupes'; the
+     nobles called it the 'night of sacrifices'."--NOTE BY THE EDITOR.]
+
+The King sanctioned all that tended to the diminution of his own personal
+gratifications, but refused his consent to the other decrees of that
+tumultuous night; this refusal was one of the chief causes of the
+ferments of the month of October.
+
+In the early part of September meetings were held at the Palais Royal,
+and propositions made to go to Versailles; it was said to be necessary to
+separate the King from his evil counsellors, and keep him, as well as the
+Dauphin, at the Louvre.  The proclamations by the officers of the commune
+for the restoration of tranquillity were ineffectual; but M. de La
+Fayette succeeded this time in dispersing the populace.  The Assembly
+declared itself permanent; and during the whole of September, in which no
+doubt the preparations were made for the great insurrections of the
+following month, the Court was not disturbed.
+
+The King had the Flanders regiment removed to Versailles; unfortunately
+the idea of the officers of that regiment fraternising with the Body
+Guards was conceived, and the latter invited the former to a dinner,
+which was given in the great theatre of Versailles, and not in the Salon
+of Hercules, as some chroniclers say.  Boxes were appropriated to various
+persons who wished to be present at this entertainment.  The Queen told
+me she had been advised to make her appearance on the occasion, but that
+under existing circumstances she thought such a step might do more harm
+than good; and that, moreover, neither she nor the King ought directly to
+have anything to do with such a festival.  She ordered me to go, and
+desired me to observe everything closely, in order to give a faithful
+account of the whole affair.
+
+The tables were set out upon the stage; at them were placed one of the
+Body Guard and an officer of the Flanders regiment alternately.  There
+was a numerous orchestra in the room, and the boxes were filled with
+spectators.  The air, "O Richard, O mon Roi!" was played, and shouts of
+"Vive de Roi!" shook the roof for several minutes.  I had with me one of
+my nieces, and a young person brought up with Madame by her Majesty.
+They were crying "Vive le Roi!" with all their might when a deputy of the
+Third Estate, who was in the next box to mine, and whom I had never seen,
+called to them, and reproached them for their exclamations; it hurt him,
+he said, to see young and handsome Frenchwomen brought up in such servile
+habits, screaming so outrageously for the life of one man, and with true
+fanaticism exalting him in their hearts above even their dearest
+relations; he told them what contempt worthy American women would feel on
+seeing Frenchwomen thus corrupted from their earliest infancy.  My niece
+replied with tolerable spirit, and I requested the deputy to put an end
+to the subject, which could by no means afford him any satisfaction,
+inasmuch as the young persons who were with me lived, as well as myself,
+for the sole purpose of serving and loving the King.  While I was
+speaking what was my astonishment at seeing the King, the Queen, and the
+Dauphin enter the chamber!  It was M. de Luxembourg who had effected this
+change in the Queen's determination.
+
+The enthusiasm became general; the moment their Majesties arrived the
+orchestra repeated the air I have just mentioned, and afterwards played a
+song in the "Deserter," "Can we grieve those whom we love?"  which also
+made a powerful impression upon those present: on all sides were heard
+praises of their Majesties, exclamations of affection, expressions of
+regret for what they had suffered, clapping of hands, and shouts of "Vive
+le Roi! Vive la Reine! Vive le Dauphin!"  It has been said that white
+cockades were worn on this occasion; that was not the case; the fact is,
+that a few young men belonging to the National Guard of Versailles, who
+were invited to the entertainment, turned the white lining of their
+national cockades outwards.  All the military men quitted the hall,
+and reconducted the King and his family to their apartments.  There was
+intoxication in these ebullitions of joy: a thousand extravagances were
+committed by the military, and many of them danced under the King's
+windows; a soldier belonging to the Flanders regiment climbed up to the
+balcony of the King's chamber in order to shout "Vive le Roi!"  nearer
+his Majesty; this very soldier, as I have been told by several officers
+of the corps, was one of the first and most dangerous of their insurgents
+in the riots of the 5th and 6th of October.  On the same evening another
+soldier of that regiment killed himself with a sword.  One of my
+relations, chaplain to the Queen, who supped with me, saw him stretched
+out in a corner of the Place d'Armes; he went to him to give him
+spiritual assistance, and received his confession and his last sighs.
+He destroyed himself out of regret at having suffered himself to be
+corrupted by the enemies of his King, and said that, since he had seen
+him and the Queen and the Dauphin, remorse had turned his brain.
+
+I returned home, delighted with all that I had seen.
+
+I found a great many people there.  M. de Beaumetz, deputy for Arras,
+listened to my description with a chilling air, and, when I had finished,
+told me that all that had passed was terrific; that he knew the
+disposition of the Assembly, and that the greatest misfortunes would
+follow the drama of that night; and he begged my leave to withdraw that
+he might take time for deliberate reflection whether he should on the
+very next day emigrate, or pass over to the left side of the Assembly.
+He adopted the latter course, and never appeared again among my
+associates.
+
+On the 2d of October the military entertainment was followed up by a
+breakfast given at the hotel of the Body Guards.  It is said that a
+discussion took place whether they should not march against the Assembly;
+but I am utterly ignorant of what passed at that breakfast.  From that
+moment Paris was constantly in commotion; there were continual mobs,
+and the most virulent proposals were heard in all public places; the
+conversation was invariably about proceeding to Versailles.  The King and
+Queen did not seem apprehensive of such a measure, and took no precaution
+against it; even when the army had actually left Paris, on the evening of
+the 5th of October, the King was shooting at Meudon, and the Queen was
+alone in her gardens at Trianon, which she then beheld for the last time
+in her life.  She was sitting in her grotto absorbed in painful
+reflection, when she received a note from the Comte de Saint-Priest,
+entreating her to return to Versailles.  M. de Cubieres at the same time
+went off to request the King to leave his sport and return to the palace;
+the King did so on horseback, and very leisurely.  A few minutes
+afterwards he was informed that a numerous body of women, which preceded
+the Parisian army, was at Chaville, at the entrance of the avenue from
+Paris.
+
+The scarcity of bread and the entertainment of the Body Guards were the
+pretexts for the insurrection of the 5th and 6th of October, 1789; but it
+is clear to demonstration that this new movement of the people was a part
+of the original plan of the factious, insomuch as, ever since the
+beginning of September, a report had been industriously circulated that
+the King intended to withdraw, with his family and ministers, to some
+stronghold; and at all the popular assemblies there had been always a
+great deal said about going to Versailles to seize the King.
+
+At first only women showed themselves; the latticed doors of the Chateau
+were closed, and the Body Guard and Flanders regiment were drawn up in
+the Place d'Armes.  As the details of that dreadful day are given with
+precision in several works, I will only observe that general
+consternation and disorder reigned throughout the interior of the palace.
+
+I was not in attendance on the Queen at this time.  M. Campan remained
+with her till two in the morning.  As he was leaving her she
+condescendingly, and with infinite kindness, desired him to make me easy
+as to the dangers of the moment, and to repeat to me M. de La Fayette's
+own words, which he had just used on soliciting the royal family to
+retire to bed, undertaking to answer for his army.
+
+The Queen was far from relying upon M. de La Fayette's loyalty; but she
+has often told me that she believed on that day, that La Fayette, having
+affirmed to the King, in the presence of a crowd of witnesses, that he
+would answer for the army of Paris, would not risk his honour as a
+commander, and was sure of being able to redeem his pledge.  She also
+thought the Parisian army was devoted to him, and that all he said about
+his being forced to march upon Versailles was mere pretence.
+
+On the first intimation of the march of the Parisians, the Comte de
+Saint-Priest prepared Rambouillet for the reception of the King, his
+family, and suite, and the carriages were even drawn out; but a few cries
+of "Vive le Roi!"  when the women reported his Majesty's favourable
+answer, occasioned the intention of going away to be given up, and orders
+were given to the troops to withdraw.
+
+     [Compare this account with the particulars given in the "Memoirs" of
+     Ferribres, Weber, Bailly, and Saint-Priest, from the latter of which
+     the following sentence is taken:
+
+     "M. d'Estaing knew not what to do with the Body Guards beyond
+     bringing them into the courtyard of the ministers, and shutting the
+     grilles.  Thence they proceeded to the terrace of the Chateau, then
+     to Trianon, and lastly to Rambouillet.
+
+     "I could not refrain from expressing to M. d'Estaing, when he came
+     to the King, my astonishment at not seeing him make any military
+     disposition.  'Monsieur,' replied he, 'I await the orders of the
+     King' (who did not open his mouth).  'When the King gives no
+     orders,' pursued I, 'a general should decide for himself in a
+     soldierly manner.'  This observation remained unanswered."]
+
+The Body Guards were, however, assailed with stones and musketry while
+they were passing from the Place d'Armes to, their hotel.  Alarm revived;
+again it was thought necessary that the royal family should go away; some
+carriages still remained ready for travelling; they were called for; they
+were stopped by a wretched player belonging to the theatre of the town,
+seconded by the mob: the opportunity for flight had been lost.
+
+The insurrection was directed against the Queen in particular; I shudder
+even now at the recollection of the poissardes, or rather furies, who
+wore white aprons, which they screamed out were intended to receive the
+bowels of Marie Antoinette, and that they would make cockades of them,
+mixing the most obscene expressions with these horrible threats.
+
+The Queen went to bed at two in the morning, and even slept, tired out
+with the events of so distressing a day.  She had ordered her two women
+to bed, imagining there was nothing to dread, at least for that night;
+but the unfortunate Princess was indebted for her life to that feeling of
+attachment which prevented their obeying her.  My sister, who was one of
+the ladies in question, informed me next day of all that I am about to
+relate.
+
+On leaving the Queen's bedchamber, these ladies called their femmes de
+chambre, and all four remained sitting together against her Majesty's
+bedroom door.  About half-past four in the morning they heard horrible
+yells and discharges of firearms; one ran to the Queen to awaken her and
+get her out of bed; my sister flew to the place from which the tumult
+seemed to proceed; she opened the door of the antechamber which leads to
+the great guard-room, and beheld one of the Body Guard holding his musket
+across the door, and attacked by a mob, who were striking at him; his
+face was covered with blood; he turned round and exclaimed: "Save the
+Queen, madame; they are come to assassinate her!"  She hastily shut the
+door upon the unfortunate victim of duty, fastened it with the great
+bolt, and took the same precaution on leaving the next room.  On reaching
+the Queen's chamber she cried out to her, "Get up, Madame!  Don't stay to
+dress yourself; fly to the King's apartment!"  The terrified Queen threw
+herself out of bed; they put a petticoat upon her without tying it, and
+the two ladies conducted her towards the oile-de-boeuf.  A door, which
+led from the Queen's dressing-room to that apartment, had never before
+been fastened but on her side.  What a dreadful moment!  It was found to
+be secured on the other side.  They knocked repeatedly with all their
+strength; a servant of one of the King's valets de chambre came and
+opened it; the Queen entered the King's chamber, but he was not there.
+Alarmed for the Queen's life, he had gone down the staircases and through
+the corridors under the oeil-de-boeuf, by means of which he was
+accustomed to go to the Queen's apartments without being under the
+necessity of crossing that room.  He entered her Majesty's room and found
+no one there but some Body Guards, who had taken refuge in it.  The King,
+unwilling to expose their lives, told them to wait a few minutes, and
+afterwards sent to desire them to go to the oeil-de-boeuf.  Madame de
+Tourzel, at that time governess of the children of France, had just taken
+Madame and the Dauphin to the King's apartments.  The Queen saw her
+children again.  The reader must imagine this scene of tenderness and
+despair.
+
+It is not true that the assassins penetrated to the Queen's chamber and
+pierced the bed with their swords.  The fugitive Body Guards were the
+only persons who entered it; and if the crowd had reached so far they
+would all have been massacred.  Besides, when the rebels had forced the
+doors of the antechamber, the footmen and officers on duty, knowing that
+the Queen was no longer in her apartments, told them so with that air of
+truth which always carries conviction.  The ferocious horde instantly
+rushed towards the oeil-de-boeuf, hoping, no doubt, to intercept her on
+her way.
+
+Many have asserted that they recognised the Duc d'Orleans in a greatcoat
+and slouched hat, at half-past four in the morning, at the top of the
+marble staircase, pointing out with his hand the guard-room, which led to
+the Queen's apartments.  This fact was deposed to at the Chatelet by
+several individuals in the course of the inquiry instituted respecting
+the transactions of the 5th and 6th of October.
+
+     [The National Assembly was sitting when information of the march of
+     the Parisians was given to it by one of the deputies who came from
+     Paris.  A certain number of the members were no strangers, to this
+     movement.  It appears that Mirabeau wished to avail himself of it to
+     raise the Duc d'Orleans to the throne.  Mounier, who presided over
+     the National Assembly, rejected the idea with horror.  "My good
+     man," said Mirabeau to him, "what difference will it make to you to
+     have Louis XVII. for your King instead of Louis XVI.?" (The Duc
+     d'Orleans was baptised Louis.)]
+
+The prudence and honourable feeling of several officers of the Parisian
+guards, and the judicious conduct of M. de Vaudreuil, lieutenant-general
+of marine, and of M. de Chevanne, one of the King's Guards, brought about
+an understanding between the grenadiers of the National Guard of Paris
+and the King's Guard.  The doors of the oeil-de-boeuf were closed, and
+the antechamber which precedes that room was filled with grenadiers who
+wanted to get in to massacre the Guards.  M. de Chevanne offered himself
+to them as a victim if they wished for one, and demanded what they would
+have.  A report had been spread through their ranks that the Body Guards
+set them at defiance, and that they all wore black cockades.  M. de
+Chevanne showed them that he wore, as did the corps, the cockade of their
+uniform; and promised that the Guards should exchange it for that of the
+nation.  This was done; they even went so far as to exchange their
+grenadiers' caps for the hats of the Body Guards; those who were on guard
+took off their shoulder-belts; embraces and transports of fraternisation
+instantly succeeded to the savage eagerness to murder the band which had
+shown so much fidelity to its sovereign.  The cry was now "Vivent le Roi,
+la Nation, et les Gardes-du-corps!"
+
+The army occupied the Place d'Armes, all the courtyards of the Chateau,
+and the entrance to the avenue.  They called for the Queen to appear in
+the balcony: she came forward with Madame and the Dauphin.  There was a
+cry of "No children!"  Was this with a view to deprive her of the
+interest she inspired, accompanied as she was by her young family, or did
+the leaders of the democrats hope that some madman would venture to aim a
+mortal blow at her person?  The unfortunate Princess certainly was
+impressed with the latter idea, for she sent away her children, and with
+her hands and eyes raised towards heaven, advanced upon the balcony like
+a self-devoted victim.
+
+A few voices shouted "To Paris!"  The exclamation soon became general.
+Before the King agreed to this removal he wished to consult the National
+Assembly, and caused that body to be invited to sit at the Chateau.
+Mirabeau opposed this measure.  While these discussions were going
+forward it became more and more difficult to restrain the immense
+disorderly multitude.  The King, without consulting any one, now said to
+the people: "You wish, my children, that I should follow you to Paris: I
+consent, but on condition that I shall not be separated from my wife and
+family."  The King added that he required safety also for his Guards; he
+was answered by shouts of "Vivo le Roi!  Vivent les Gardes-du-corps!"
+The Guards, with their hats in the air, turned so as to exhibit the.
+cockade, shouted "Vive le Roi!  Vive la Nation!"  shortly afterwards a
+general discharge of all the muskets took place, in token of joy.  The
+King and Queen set off from Versailles at one o'clock.  The Dauphin,
+Madame, the King's daughter, Monsieur, Madame,--[Madame, here, the wife
+of Monsieur le Comte de Provence.]-- Madame Elisabeth, and Madame de
+Tourzel, were in the carriage; the Princesse de Chimay and the ladies of
+the bedchamber for the week, the King's suite and servants, followed in
+Court carriages; a hundred deputies in carriages, and the bulk of the
+Parisian army, closed the procession.
+
+The poissardes went before and around the carriage of their Majesties,
+Crying, "We shall no longer want bread!  We have the baker, the baker's
+wife, and the baker's boy with us!"  In the midst of this troop of
+cannibals the heads of two murdered Body Guards were carried on poles.
+The monsters, who made trophies of them, conceived the horrid idea of
+forcing a wigmaker of Sevres to dress them up and powder their bloody
+locks.  The unfortunate man who was forced to perform this dreadful work
+died in consequence of the shock it gave him.
+
+     [The King did not leave Versailles till one o'clock.  The Queen, the
+     Dauphin, Madame Royale, Monsieur, Madame Elisabeth, and Madame de
+     Tourzel were in his Majesty's carriage.  The hundred deputies in
+     their carriages came next.  A detachment of brigands, bearing the
+     heads of the two Body Guards in triumph, formed the advance guard,
+     and set out two hours earlier.  These cannibals stopped a moment at
+     Sevres, and carried their cruelty to the length of forcing an
+     unfortunate hairdresser to dress the gory heads; the bulk of the
+     Parisian army followed them closely.  The King's carriage was
+     preceded by the 'poissardes', who had arrived the day before from
+     Paris, and a rabble of prostitutes, the vile refuse of their sex,
+     still drunk with fury and wine.  Several of them rode astride upon
+     cannons, boasting, in the most horrible songs, of the crimes they
+     had committed themselves, or seen others commit.  Those who were
+     nearest the King's carriage sang ballads, the allusions in which by
+     means of their vulgar gestures they applied to the Queen.  Wagons,
+     full of corn and flour,--which had been brought into Versailles,
+     formed a train escorted by grenadiers, and surrounded by women and
+     bullies, some armed with pikes, and some carrying long branches of
+     poplar.  At some distance this part of the procession had a most
+     singular effect: it looked like a moving forest, amidst which shone
+     pike-heads and gun-barrels.  In the paroxysms of their brutal joy
+     the women stopped passengers, and, pointing to the King's carriage,
+     howled in their ears: "Cheer up, friends; we shall no longer be in
+     want of bread!  We bring you the baker, the baker's wife, and the
+     baker's little boy!"  Behind his Majesty's carriage were several of
+     his faithful Guards, some on foot, and some on horseback, most of
+     them uncovered, all unarmed, and worn out with hunger and fatigue;
+     the dragoons, the Flanders regiment, the hundred Swiss, and the
+     National Guards preceded, accompanied, or followed the file of
+     carriages.  I witnessed this heartrending spectacle; I saw the
+     ominous procession.  In the midst of all the tumult, clamour, and
+     singing, interrupted by frequent discharges of musketry, which the
+     hand of a monster or a bungler might so easily render fatal, I saw
+     the Queen preserving most courageous tranquillity of soul, and an
+     air of nobleness and inexpressible dignity, and my eyes were
+     suffused with tears of admiration and grief.--"Memoirs of Bertrand
+     de Molleville."]
+
+The progress of the procession was so slow that it was near six in the
+evening when this august family, made prisoners by their own people,
+arrived at the Hotel de Ville.  Bailly received them there; they
+were placed upon a throne, just when that of their ancestors had been
+overthrown.  The King spoke in a firm yet gracious manner; he said that
+he always came with pleasure and confidence among the inhabitants of his
+good city of Paris.  M. Bailly repeated this observation to the
+representatives of the commune, who came to address the King; but he
+forgot the word confidence.  The Queen instantly and loudly reminded him
+of the omission.  The King and Queen, their children, and Madame
+Elisabeth, retired to the Tuileries.  Nothing was ready for their
+reception there.  All the living-rooms had been long given up to persons
+belonging to the Court; they hastily quitted them on that day, leaving
+their furniture, which was purchased by the Court.  The Comtesse de la
+Marck, sister to the Marechaux de Noailles and de Mouchy, had occupied
+the apartments now appropriated to the Queen.  Monsieur and Madame
+retired to the Luxembourg.
+
+The Queen had sent for me on the morning of the 6th of October, to leave
+me and my father-in-law in charge of her most valuable property.  She
+took away only her casket of diamonds.  Comte Gouvernet de la Tour-du-
+Pin, to whom the military government of Versailles was entrusted 'pro
+tempore', came and gave orders to the National Guard, which had taken
+possession of the apartments, to allow us to remove everything that we
+should deem necessary for the Queen's accommodation.
+
+I saw her Majesty alone in her private apartments a moment before her
+departure for Paris; she could hardly speak; tears bedewed her face, to
+which all the blood in her body seemed to have rushed; she condescended
+to embrace me, gave her hand to M. Campan to kiss, and said to us, "Come
+immediately and settle at Paris; I will lodge you at the Tuileries; come,
+and do not leave me henceforward; faithful servants at moments like these
+become useful friends; we are lost, dragged away, perhaps to death; when
+kings become prisoners they are very near it."
+
+I had frequent opportunities during the course of our misfortunes of
+observing that the people never entirely give their allegiance to
+factious leaders, but easily escape their control when some cause reminds
+them of their duty.  As soon as the most violent Jacobins had an
+opportunity of seeing the Queen near at hand, of speaking to her, and of
+hearing her voice, they became her most zealous partisans; and even when
+she was in the prison of the Temple several of those who had contributed
+to place her there perished for having attempted to get her out again.
+
+On the morning of the 7th of October the same women who the day before
+surrounded the carriage of the august prisoners, riding on cannons and
+uttering the most abusive language, assembled under the Queen's windows,
+upon the terrace of the Chateau, and desired to see her.  Her Majesty
+appeared.  There are always among mobs of this description orators, that
+is to say, beings who have more assurance than the rest; a woman of this
+description told the Queen that she must now remove far from her all such
+courtiers as ruin kings, and that she must love the inhabitants of her
+good city.  The Queen answered that she had loved them at Versailles, and
+would likewise love them at Paris.  "Yes, yes," said another; "but on the
+14th of July you wanted to besiege the city and have it bombarded; and on
+the 6th of October you wanted to fly to the frontiers."  The Queen
+replied, affably, that they had been told so, and had believed it; that
+there lay the cause of the unhappiness of the people and of the best of
+kings.  A third addressed a few words to her in German: the Queen told
+her she did not understand it; that she had become so entirely French as
+even to have forgotten her mother tongue.  This declaration was answered
+with "Bravo!" and clapping of hands; they then desired her to make a
+compact with them.  "Ah," said she, "how can I make a compact with you,
+since you have no faith in that which my duty points out to me, and which
+I ought for my own happiness to respect?"  They asked her for the ribbons
+and flowers out of her hat; her Majesty herself unfastened them and gave
+them; they were divided among the party, which for above half an hour
+cried out, without ceasing, "Marie Antoinette for ever!  Our good Queen
+for ever!"
+
+Two days after the King's arrival at Paris, the city and the National
+Guard sent to request the Queen to appear at the theatre, and prove by
+her presence and the King's that it was with pleasure they resided in
+their capital.  I introduced the deputation which came to make this
+request.  Her Majesty replied that she should have infinite pleasure in
+acceding to the invitation of the city of Paris; but that time must be
+allowed her to soften the recollection of the distressing events which
+had just occurred, and from which she had suffered too much.  She added,
+that having come into Paris preceded by the heads of the faithful Guards
+who had perished before the door of their sovereign, she could not think
+that such an entry into the capital ought to be followed by rejoicings;
+but that the happiness she had always felt in appearing in the midst of
+the inhabitants of Paris was not effaced from her memory, and that she
+should enjoy it again as soon as she found herself able to do so.
+
+Their Majesties found some consolation in their private life: from
+Madame's--[Madame, here, the Princesse Marie Therese, daughter of Marie
+Antoinette.]--gentle manners and filial affection, from the
+accomplishments and vivacity of the little Dauphin, and the attention and
+tenderness of the pious Princess Elisabeth, they still derived moments of
+happiness.  The young Prince daily gave proofs of sensibility and
+penetration; he was not yet beyond female care, but a private tutor, the
+Abbe Davout, gave him all the instruction suitable to his age; his memory
+was highly cultivated, and he recited verses with much grace and feeling.
+
+     [On the 19th of October, that is to say, thirteen days after he had
+     taken up his abode at Paris, the King went, on foot and almost
+     alone, to review some detachments of the National Guard.  After the
+     review Louis XVI. met with a child sweeping the street, who asked
+     him for money.  The child called the King "M. le Chevalier."  His
+     Majesty gave him six francs.  The little sweeper, surprised at
+     receiving so large a sum, cried out, "Oh! I have no change; you will
+     give me money another time."  A person who accompanied the monarch
+     said to the child, "Keep it all, my friend; the gentleman is not
+     chevalier, he is the eldest of the family."--NOTE BY THE EDITOR.]
+
+The day after the arrival of the Court at Paris, terrified at hearing
+some noise in the gardens of the Tuileries, the young prince threw
+himself into the arms of the Queen, crying out, "Grand-Dieu, mamma! will
+it be yesterday over again?"  A few days after this affecting
+exclamation, he went up to the King, and looked at him with a pensive
+air.  The King asked him what he wanted; he answered, that he had
+something very serious to say to him.  The King having prevailed on him
+to explain himself, the young Prince asked why his people, who formerly
+loved him so well, were all at once angry with him; and what he had done
+to irritate them so much.  His father took him upon his knees, and spoke
+to him nearly as follows: "I wished, child, to render the people still
+happier than they were; I wanted money to pay the expenses occasioned by
+wars.  I asked my people for money, as my predecessors have always done;
+magistrates, composing the Parliament, opposed it, and said that my
+people alone had a right to consent to it.  I assembled the principal
+inhabitants of every town, whether distinguished by birth, fortune, or
+talents, at Versailles; that is what is called the States General.  When
+they were assembled they required concessions of me which I could not
+make, either with due respect for myself or with justice to you, who will
+be my successor; wicked men inducing the people to rise have occasioned
+the excesses of the last few days; the people must not be blamed for
+them."
+
+The Queen made the young Prince clearly comprehend that he ought to treat
+the commanders of battalions, the officers of the National Guard, and all
+the Parisians who were about him, with affability; the child took great
+pains to please all those people, and when he had had an opportunity of
+replying obligingly to the mayor or members of the commune he came and
+whispered in his mother's ear, "Was that right?"
+
+He requested M. Bailly to show him the shield of Scipio, which is in the
+royal library; and M. Bailly asking him which he preferred, Scipio or
+Hannibal, the young Prince replied, without hesitation, that he preferred
+him who had defended his own country.  He gave frequent proofs of ready
+wit.  One day, while the Queen was hearing Madame repeat her exercises in
+ancient history, the young Princess could not at the moment recollect the
+name of the Queen of Carthage; the Dauphin was vexed at his sister's want
+of memory, and though he never spoke to her in the second person
+singular, he bethought himself of the expedient of saying to her, "But
+'dis donc' the name of the Queen, to mamma; 'dis donc' what her name
+was."
+
+Shortly after the arrival of the King and his family at Paris the
+Duchesse de Luynes came, in pursuance of the advice of a committee of the
+Constitutional Assembly, to propose to the Queen a temporary retirement
+from France, in order to leave the constitution to perfect itself, so
+that the patriots should not accuse her of influencing the King to oppose
+it.  The Duchess knew how far the schemes of the conspirers extended,
+and her attachment to the Queen was the principal cause of the advice she
+gave her.  The Queen perfectly comprehended the Duchesse de Luynes's
+motive; but replied that she would never leave either the King or her
+son; that if she thought herself alone obnoxious to public hatred she
+would instantly offer her life as a sacrifice;--but that it was the
+throne which was aimed at, and that, in abandoning the King, she should
+be merely committing an act of cowardice, since she saw no other
+advantage in it than that of saving her own life.
+
+One evening, in the month of November, 1790, I returned home rather late;
+I there found the Prince de Poix; he told me he came to request me to
+assist him in regaining his peace of mind; that at the commencement of
+the sittings of the National Assembly he had suffered himself to be
+seduced into the hope of a better order of things; that he blushed for
+his error, and that he abhorred plans which had already produced such
+fatal results; that he broke with the reformers for the rest of his life;
+that he had given in his resignation as a deputy of the National
+Assembly; and, finally, that he was anxious that the Queen should not
+sleep in ignorance of his sentiments.  I undertook his commission, and
+acquitted myself of it in the best way I could; but I was totally
+unsuccessful.  The Prince de Poix remained at Court; he there suffered
+many mortifications, never ceasing to serve the King in the most
+dangerous commissions with that zeal for which his house has always been
+distinguished.
+
+When the King, the Queen, and the children were suitably established at
+the Tuileries, as well as Madame Elisabeth and the Princesse de Lamballe,
+the Queen resumed her usual habits; she employed her mornings in
+superintending the education of Madame, who received all her lessons in
+her presence, and she herself began to work large pieces of tapestry.
+Her mind was too much occupied with passing events and surrounding
+dangers to admit her of applying herself to reading; the needle was the
+only employment which could divert her.
+
+     [There was long preserved at Paris, in the house of Mademoiselle
+     Dubuquois, a tapestry-worker, a carpet worked by the Queen and
+     Madame Elisabeth for the large room of her Majesty's ground-floor
+     apartments at the Tuileries.  The Empress Josephine saw and admired
+     this carpet, and desired it might be taken care of, in the hope of
+     one day sending it to Madame--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+She received the Court twice a week before going to mass, and on those
+days dined in public with the King; she spent the rest of the time with
+her family and children; she had no concert, and did not go to the play
+until 1791, after the acceptation of the constitution.  The Princesse de
+Lamballe, however, had some evening parties in her apartments at the
+Tuileries, which were tolerably brilliant in consequence of the great
+number of persons who attended them.  The Queen was present at a few of
+these assemblies; but being soon convinced that her present situation
+forbade her appearing much in public, she remained at home, and conversed
+as she sat at work.  The sole topic of her discourse was, as may well be
+supposed, the Revolution.  She sought to discover the real opinions of
+the Parisians respecting her, and how she could have so completely lost
+the affections of the people, and even of many persons in the higher
+ranks.  She well knew that she ought to impute the whole to the spirit of
+party, to the hatred of the Duc d'Orleans, and the folly of the French,
+who desired to have a total change in the constitution; but she was not
+the less desirous of ascertaining the private feelings of all the people
+in power.
+
+From the very commencement of the Revolution General Luckner indulged in
+violent sallies against her.  Her Majesty, knowing that I was acquainted
+with a lady who had been long connected with the General, desired me to
+discover through that channel what was the private motive on which
+Luckner's hatred against her was founded.  On being questioned upon this
+point, he answered that Marechal de Segur had assured him he had proposed
+him for the command of a camp of observation, but that the Queen had made
+a bar against his name; and that this 'par', as he called it, in his
+German accent, he could not forget.
+
+The Queen ordered me to repeat this reply to the King myself, and said to
+him: "See, Sire, whether I was not right in telling you that your
+ministers, in order to give themselves full scope in the distribution of
+favours, persuaded the French that I interfered in everything; there was
+not a single license given out in the country for the sale of salt or
+tobacco but the people believed it was given to one of my favourites."
+
+"That is very, true," replied the King; "but I find it very difficult to
+believe that Marechal de Segur ever said any such thing to Luckner; he
+knew too well that you never interfered in the distribution of favours.
+
+"That Luckner is a good-for-nothing fellow, and Segur is a brave and
+honourable man who never uttered such a falsehood; however, you are
+right; and because you provided for a few dependents, you are most
+unjustly reported to have disposed of all offices, civil and military."
+
+All the nobility who had not left Paris made a point of presenting
+themselves assiduously to the King, and there was a considerable influx
+to the Tuileries.  Marks of attachment were exhibited even in external
+symbols; the women wore enormous bouquets of lilies in their bosoms and
+upon their heads, and sometimes even bunches of white ribbon.  At the
+play there were often disputes between the pit and the boxes about
+removing these ornaments, which the people thought dangerous emblems.
+National cockades were sold in every corner of Paris; the sentinels
+stopped all who did not wear them; the young men piqued themselves upon
+breaking through this regulation, which was in some degree sanctioned by
+the acquiescence of Louis XVI.  Frays took place, which were to be
+regretted, because they excited a spirit of lawlessness.  The King
+adopted conciliatory measures with the Assembly in order to promote
+tranquillity; the revolutionists were but little disposed to think him
+sincere; unfortunately the royalists encouraged this incredulity by
+incessantly repeating that the King was not free, and that all that he
+did was completely null, and in no way bound him for the time to come.
+Such was the heat and violence of party spirit that persons the most
+sincerely attached to the King were not even permitted to use the
+language of reason, and recommend greater reserve in conversation.
+People would talk and argue at table without considering that all the
+servants belonged to the hostile army; and it may truly be said there was
+as much imprudence and levity in the party assailed as there was cunning,
+boldness, and perseverance in that which made the attack.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+In February, 1790, another matter gave the Court much uneasiness; a
+zealous individual of the name of Favras had conceived the scheme of
+carrying off the King, and affecting a counter-revolution.  Monsieur,
+probably out of mere benevolence, gave him some money, and thence arose a
+report that he thereby wished to favour the execution of the enterprise.
+The step taken by Monsieur in going to the Hotel de Ville to explain
+himself on this matter was unknown to the Queen; it is more than probable
+that the King was acquainted with it.  When judgment was pronounced upon
+M. de Favras the Queen did not conceal from me her fears about the
+confessions of the unfortunate man in his last moments.
+
+I sent a confidential person to the Hotel de Ville; she came to inform
+the Queen that the condemned had demanded to be taken from Notre-Dame to
+the Hotel de Ville to make a final declaration, and give some particulars
+verifying it.  These particulars compromised nobody; Favras corrected his
+last will after writing it, and went to the scaffold with heroic courage
+and coolness.  The judge who read his condemnation to him told him that
+his life was a sacrifice which he owed to public tranquillity.  It was
+asserted at the time that Favras was given up as a victim in order to
+satisfy the people and save the Baron de Besenval, who was a prisoner in
+the Abbaye.
+
+     [Thomas Mahy, Marquis de Favras, was accused in the month of
+     December, 1789, of having conspired against the Revolution.  Having
+     been arrested by order of the committee of inquiry of the National
+     Assembly, he was transferred to the Chatelet, where he defended
+     himself with much coolness and presence of mind, repelling the
+     accusations brought against him by Morel, Turcati, and Marquis, with
+     considerable force.  These witnesses declared he had imparted his
+     plan to them; it was to be carried into execution by 12,000 Swiss
+     and 12,000 Germans, who were to be assembled at Montargis, thence to
+     march upon Paris, carry off the King, and assassinate Bailly, La
+     Fayette, and Necker.  The greater number of these charges he denied,
+     and declared that the rest related only to the levy of a troop
+     intended to favour the revolution preparing in Brabant.  The judge
+     having refused to disclose who had denounced him, he complained to
+     the Assembly, which passed to the order of the day.  His death was
+     obviously inevitable.  During the whole time of the proceedings the
+     populace never ceased threatening the judges and shouting, "A la
+     lanterne!"  It was even necessary to keep numerous troops and
+     artillery constantly ready to act in the courtyard of the Chatelet.
+     The judges, who had just acquitted M. de Besenval in an affair
+     nearly similar, doubtless dreaded the effects of this fury.  When
+     they refused to hear Favras's witnesses in exculpation, he compared
+     them to the tribunal of the Inquisition.  The principal charge
+     against him was founded on a letter from M. de Foucault, asking him,
+     "where are your troops?  in which direction will they enter Paris?
+     I should like to be employed among them."  Favras was condemned to
+     make the 'amende honorable' in front of the Cathedral, and to be
+     hanged at the Place de Greve.  He heard this sentence with wonderful
+     calmness, and said to his judges, "I pity you much if the testimony
+     of two men is sufficient to induce you to condemn."  The judge
+     having said to him, "I have no other consolation to hold out to you
+     than that which religion affords," he replied, nobly, "My greatest
+     consolation is that which I derive from my innocence."--"Biographic
+     Universelle"]
+
+On the morning of the Sunday following this execution M. de la Villeurnoy
+came to my house to tell me that he was going that day to the public
+dinner of the King and Queen to present Madame de Favras and her son,
+both of them in mourning for the brave Frenchman who fell a sacrifice for
+his King; and that all the royalists expected to see the Queen load the
+unfortunate family with favours.  I did all that lay in my power to
+prevent this proceeding.  I foresaw the effect it would have upon the
+Queen's feeling heart, and the painful constraint she would experience,
+having the horrible Santerre, the commandant of a battalion of the
+Parisian guard, behind her chair during dinner-time.  I could not make
+M. de la Villeurnoy comprehend my argument; the Queen was gone to mass,
+surrounded by her whole Court, and I had not even means of apprising her
+of his intention.
+
+When dinner was over I heard a knocking at the door of my apartment,
+which opened into the corridor next that of the Queen; it was herself.
+She asked me whether there was anybody with me; I was alone; she threw
+herself into an armchair, and told me she came to weep with me over the
+foolish conduct of the ultras of the King's party.  "We must fall," said
+she, "attacked as we are by men who possess every talent and shrink from
+no crime, while we are defended only by those who are no doubt very
+estimable, but have no adequate idea of our situation.  They have exposed
+me to the animosity of both parties by presenting the widow and son of
+Favras to me.  Were I free to act as I wish, I should take the child of
+the man who has just sacrificed himself for us and place him at table
+between the King and myself; but surrounded by the assassins who have
+destroyed his father, I did not dare even to cast my eyes upon him.  The
+royalists will blame me for not having appeared interested in this poor
+child; the revolutionists will be enraged at the idea that his
+presentation should have been thought agreeable to me."  However, the
+Queen added that she knew Madame de Favras was in want, and that she
+desired me to send her next day, through a person who could be relied on,
+a few rouleaus of fifty Louis, and to direct that she should be assured
+her Majesty would always watch over the fortunes of herself and her son.
+
+In the month of March following I had an opportunity of ascertaining the
+King's sentiments respecting the schemes which were continually proposed
+to him for making his escape.  One night about ten o'clock Comte
+d'Inisdal, who was deputed by the nobility, came to request that I would
+see him in private, as he had an important matter to communicate to me.
+He told me that on that very night the King was to be carried off; that
+the section of the National Guard, that day commanded by M. d'Aumont,
+was gained over, and that sets of horses, furnished by some good
+royalists, were placed in relays at suitable distances; that he had just
+left a number of the nobility assembled for the execution of this scheme,
+and that he had been sent to me that I might, through the medium of the
+Queen, obtain the King's positive consent to it before midnight; that the
+King was aware of their plan, but that his Majesty never would speak
+decidedly, and that it was necessary he should consent to the
+undertaking.  I greatly displeased Comte d'Inisdal by expressing my
+astonishment that the nobility at the moment of the execution of so
+important a project should send to me, the Queen's first woman, to obtain
+a consent which ought to have been the basis of any well-concerted
+scheme.  I told him, also, that it would be impossible for me to go at
+that time to the Queen's apartments without exciting the attention of the
+people in the antechambers; that the King was at cards with the Queen and
+his family, and that I never broke in upon their privacy unless I was
+called for.  I added, however, that M. Campan could enter without being
+called; and if the Count chose to give him his confidence he might rely
+upon him.
+
+My father-in-law, to whom Comte d'Inisdal repeated what he had said to
+me, took the commission upon himself, and went to the Queen's apartments.
+The King was playing at whist with the Queen, Monsieur, and Madame;
+Madame Elisabeth was kneeling on a stool near the table.  M. Campan
+informed the Queen of what had been communicated to me; nobody uttered a
+word.  The Queen broke silence and said to the King, "Do you hear, Sire,
+what Campan says to us?"--"Yes, I hear," said the King, and continued his
+game.  Monsieur, who was in the habit of introducing passages from plays
+into his conversation, said to my father-in-law, "M. Campan, that pretty
+little couplet again, if you please;" and pressed the King to reply.  At
+length the Queen said, "But something must be said to Campan."  The King
+then spoke to my father-in-law in these words: "Tell M. d'Inisdal that I
+cannot consent to be carried off!"  The Queen enjoined M. Campan to take
+care and, report this answer faithfully.  "You understand," added she,
+"the King cannot consent to be carried off."
+
+Comte d'Inisdal was very much dissatisfied with the King's answer, and
+went out, saying, "I understand; he wishes to throw all the blame,
+beforehand, upon those who are to devote themselves for him."
+
+He went away, and I thought the enterprise would be abandoned.  However,
+the Queen remained alone with me till midnight, preparing her cases of
+valuables, and ordered me not to go to bed.  She imagined the King's
+answer would be understood as a tacit consent, and merely a refusal to
+participate in the design.  I do not know what passed in the King's
+apartments during the night; but I occasionally looked out at the
+windows: I saw the garden clear; I heard no noise in the palace, and day
+at length confirmed my opinion that the project had been given up.  "We
+must, however, fly," said the Queen to me, shortly afterwards; "who knows
+how far the factious may go?  The danger increases every day."
+
+     [The disturbances of the 13th of April, 1790, occasioned by the
+     warmth of the discussions upon Dom Gerle's imprudent motion in the
+     National Assembly, having afforded room for apprehension that the
+     enemies of the country would endeavour to carry off the King from
+     the capital, M. de La Fayette promised to keep watch, and told Louis
+     XVI. that if he saw any alarming movement among the disaffected he
+     would give him notice of it by the discharge of a cannon from Henri
+     IV.'s battery on the Pont Neuf.  On the same night a few casual
+     discharges of musketry were heard from the terrace of the Tuileries.
+     The King, deceived by the noise, flew to the Queen's apartments; he
+     did not find her; he ran to the Dauphin's room, where he found the
+     Queen holding her son in her arms. "Madame;" said the King to her,
+     "I have been seeking you; and you have made me uneasy."  The Queen,
+     showing her son, said to him, "I was at my post."--"Anecdotes of the
+     Reign of Louis XVI."]
+
+This Princess received advice and memorials from all quarters.  Rivarol
+addressed several to her, which I read to her.  They were full of
+ingenious observations; but the Queen did not find that they, contained
+anything of essential service under the circumstances in which the royal
+family was placed.  Comte du Moustier also sent memorials and plans of
+conduct.  I remember that in one of his writings he said to the King,
+"Read 'Telemachus' again, Sire; in that book which delighted your Majesty
+in infancy you will find the first seeds of those principles which,
+erroneously followed up by men of ardent imaginations, are bringing on
+the explosion we expect every moment."  I read so many of these memorials
+that I could hardly give a faithful account of them, and I am determined
+to note in this work no other events than such as I witnessed; no other
+words than such as (notwithstanding the lapse of time) still in some
+measure vibrate in my ears.
+
+Comte de Segur, on his return from Russia, was employed some time by the
+Queen, and had a certain degree of influence over her; but that did not
+last long.  Comte Augustus de la Marck likewise endeavoured to negotiate
+for the King's advantage with the leaders of the factious.  M. de
+Fontanges, Archbishop of Toulouse, possessed also the Queen's confidence;
+but none of the endeavours which were made on the spot produced any,
+beneficial result.  The Empress Catherine II. also conveyed her opinion
+upon the situation of Louis XVI. to the Queen, and her Majesty made me
+read a few lines in the Empress's own handwriting, which concluded with
+these words:
+
+"Kings ought to proceed in their career undisturbed by the cries of the
+people, even as the moon pursues her course unimpeded by the baying of
+dogs."  This maxim of the despotic sovereign of Russia was very
+inapplicable to the situation of a captive king.
+
+Meanwhile the revolutionary party followed up its audacious enterprise in
+a determined manner, without meeting any opposition.  The advice from
+without, as well from Coblentz as from Vienna, made various impressions
+upon the members of the royal family, and those cabinets were not in
+accordance with each other.  I often had reason to infer from what the
+Queen said to me that she thought the King, by leaving all the honour of
+restoring order to the Coblentz party,--[The Princes and the chief of the
+emigrant nobility assembled at Coblentz, and the name was used to
+designate the reactionary party.]--would, on the return of the emigrants,
+be put under a kind of guardianship which would increase his own
+misfortunes.  She frequently said to me, "If the emigrants succeed, they
+will rule the roast for a long time; it will be impossible to refuse them
+anything; to owe the crown to them would be contracting too great an
+obligation."  It always appeared to me that she wished her own family to
+counterbalance the claims of the emigrants by disinterested services.
+She was fearful of M. de Calonne, and with good reason.  She had proof
+that this minister was her bitterest enemy, and that he made use of the
+most criminal means in order to blacken her reputation.  I can testify
+that I have seen in the hands of the Queen a manuscript copy of the
+infamous memoirs of the woman De Lamotte, which had been brought to her
+from London, and in which all those passages where a total ignorance of
+the customs of Courts had occasioned that wretched woman to make blunders
+which would have been too palpable were corrected in M. de Calonne's own
+handwriting.
+
+The two King's Guards who were wounded at her Majesty's door on the 6th
+of October were M. du Repaire and M. de Miomandre de Sainte-Marie; on the
+dreadful night of the 6th of October the latter took the post of the
+former the moment he became incapable of maintaining it.
+
+A considerable number of the Body Guards, who were wounded on the 6th of
+October, betook themselves to the infirmary at Versailles.  The brigands
+wanted to make their way into the infirmary in order to massacre them.
+M. Viosin, head surgeon of that infirmary, ran to the entrance hall,
+invited the assailants to refresh themselves, ordered wine to be brought,
+and found means to direct the Sister Superior to remove the Guards into a
+ward appropriated to the poor, and dress them in the caps and greatcoats
+furnished by the institution.  The good sisters executed this order so
+promptly that the Guards were removed, dressed as paupers, and their beds
+made, while the assassins were drinking.  They searched all the wards,
+and fancied they saw no persons there but the sick poor; thus the Guards
+were saved.
+
+M. de Miomandre was at Paris, living on terms of friendship with another
+of the Guards, who, on the same day, received a gunshot wound from the
+brigands in another part of the Chateau.  These two officers, who were
+attended and cured together at the infirmary of Versailles, were almost
+constant companions; they were recognised at the Palais Royal, and
+insulted.  The Queen thought it necessary for them to quit Paris.  She
+desired me to write to M. de Miomandre de Sainte-Marie, and tell him to
+come to me at eight o'clock in the evening; and then to communicate to
+him her wish to hear of his being in safety; and ordered me, when he had
+made up his mind to go, to tell him in her name that gold could not repay
+such a service as he had rendered; that she hoped some day to be in
+sufficiently happy circumstances to recompense him as she ought; but that
+for the present her offer of money was only that of a sister to a brother
+situated as he then was, and that she requested he would take whatever
+might be necessary to discharge his debts at Paris and defray the
+expenses of his journey.  She told me also to desire he would bring his.
+friend Bertrand with him, and to make him the same offer.
+
+The two Guards came at the appointed hour, and accepted, I think, each
+one or two hundred louis.  A moment afterwards the Queen opened my door;
+she was accompanied by the King and Madame Elisabeth; the King stood with
+his back against the fireplace; the Queen sat down upon a sofa and Madame
+Elisabeth sat near her; I placed myself behind the Queen, and the two
+Guards stood facing the King.  The Queen told them that the King wished
+to see before they went away two of the brave men who had afforded him
+the strongest proofs of courage and attachment.  Miomandre said all that
+the Queen's affecting observations were calculated to inspire.  Madame
+Elisabeth spoke of the King's gratitude; the Queen resumed the subject of
+their speedy departure, urging the necessity of it; the King was silent;
+but his emotion was evident, and his eyes were suffused with tears.  The
+Queen rose, the King went out, and Madame Elisabeth followed him; the
+Queen stopped and said to me, in the recess of a window, "I am sorry I
+brought the King here!  I am sure Elisabeth thinks with me; if the King
+had but given utterance to a fourth part of what he thinks of those brave
+men they would have been in ecstacies; but he cannot overcome his
+diffidence."
+
+The Emperor Joseph died about this time.  The Queen's grief was not
+excessive; that brother of whom she had been so proud, and whom she had
+loved so tenderly, had probably suffered greatly in her opinion; she
+reproached him sometimes, though with moderation, for having adopted
+several of the principles of the new philosophy, and perhaps she knew
+that he looked upon our troubles with the eye of the sovereign of Germany
+rather than that of the brother of the Queen of France.
+
+The Emperor on one occasion sent the Queen an engraving which represented
+unfrocked nuns and monks.  The first were trying on fashionable dresses,
+the latter were having their hair arranged; the picture was always left
+in the closet, and never hung up.  The Queen told me to have it taken
+away; for she was hurt to see how much influence the philosophers had
+over her brother's mind and actions.
+
+Mirabeau had not lost the hope of becoming the last resource of the
+oppressed Court; and at this time some communications passed between the
+Queen and him.  The question was about an office to be conferred upon
+him.  This transpired, and it must have been about this period that the
+Assembly decreed that no deputy could hold an office as a minister of the
+King until the expiration of two years after the cessation of his
+legislative functions.  I know that the Queen was much hurt at this
+decision, and considered that the Court had lost a promising opening.
+
+The palace of the Tuileries was a very disagreeable residence during the
+summer, which made the Queen wish to go to St. Cloud.  The removal was
+decided on without any opposition; the National Guard of Paris followed
+the Court thither.  At this period new opportunities of escape were
+presented; nothing would have been more easy than to execute them.  The
+King had obtained leave (!) to go out without guards, and to be
+accompanied only by an aide-de-camp of M. de La Fayette.  The Queen also
+had one on duty with her, and so had the Dauphin.  The King and Queen
+often went out at four in the afternoon, and did not return until eight
+or nine.
+
+I will relate one of the plans of emigration which the Queen communicated
+to me, the success of which seemed infallible.  The royal family were to
+meet in a wood four leagues from St. Cloud; some persons who could be
+fully relied on were to accompany the King, who was always followed by
+his equerries and pages; the Queen was to join him with her daughter and
+Madame Elisabeth.  These Princesses, as well as the Queen, had equerries
+and pages, of whose fidelity no doubt could be entertained.  The Dauphin
+likewise was to be at the place of rendezvous with Madame de Tourzel;
+a large berlin and a chaise for the attendants were sufficient for the
+whole family; the aides-de-camp were to have been gained over or
+mastered.  The King was to leave a letter for the President of the
+National Assembly on his bureau at St. Cloud.  The people in the service
+of the King and Queen would have waited until nine in the evening without
+anxiety, because the family sometimes did not return until that hour.
+The letter could not be forwarded to Paris until ten o'clock at the
+earliest.  The Assembly would not then be sitting; the President must
+have been sought for at his own house or elsewhere; it would have been
+midnight before the Assembly could have been summoned and couriers sent
+off to have the royal family stopped; but the latter would have been six
+or seven hours in advance, as they would have started at six leagues'
+distance from Paris; and at this period travelling was not yet impeded in
+France.
+
+The Queen approved of this plan; but I did not venture to interrogate
+her, and I even thought if it were put in execution she would leave me in
+ignorance of it.  One evening in the month of June the people of the
+Chateau, finding the King did not return by nine o'clock, were walking
+about the courtyards in a state of great anxiety.  I thought the family,
+was gone, and I could scarcely breathe amidst the confusion of my good
+wishes, when I heard the sound of the carriages.  I confessed to the
+Queen that I thought she had set off; she told me she must wait until
+Mesdames the King's aunts had quitted France, and afterwards see whether
+the plan agreed with those formed abroad.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+There was a meeting at Paris for the first federation on the 14th of
+July, 1790, the anniversary of the taking of the Bastille.  What an
+astonishing assemblage of four hundred thousand men, of whom there were
+not perhaps two hundred who did not believe that the King found happiness
+and glory in the order of things then being established.  The love which
+was borne him by all, with the exception of those who meditated his ruin,
+still reigned in the hearts of the French in the departments; but if I
+may judge from those whom I had an opportunity of seeing, it was totally
+impossible to enlighten them; they were as much attached to the King as
+to the constitution, and to the constitution as to the King; and it was
+impossible to separate the one from the other in their hearts and minds.
+
+The Court returned to St. Cloud after the federation.  A wretch, named
+Rotondo, made his way into the palace with the intention of assassinating
+the Queen.  It is known that he penetrated to the inner gardens: the rain
+prevented her Majesty from going out that day.  M. de La Fayette, who was
+aware of this plot, gave all the sentinels the strictest orders, and a
+description of the monster was distributed throughout the palace by order
+of the General.  I do not know how he was saved from punishment.
+The police belonging to the King discovered that there was likewise a
+scheme on foot for poisoning the Queen.  She spoke to me, as well as to
+her head physician, M. Vicq-d'Azyr, about it, without the slightest
+emotion, but both he and I consulted what precautions it would be proper
+to take.  He relied much upon the Queen's temperance; yet he recommended
+me always to have a bottle of oil of sweet almonds within reach, and to
+renew it occasionally, that oil and milk being, as is known, the most
+certain antidotes to the divellication of corrosive poisons.
+
+The Queen had a habit which rendered M. Vicq-d'Azyr particularly uneasy:
+there was always some pounded sugar upon the table in her Majesty's
+bedchamber; and she frequently, without calling anybody, put spoonfuls of
+it into a glass of water when she wished to drink.  It was agreed that I
+should get a considerable quantity of sugar powdered; that I should
+always have some papers of it in my bag, and that three or four times a
+day, when alone in the Queen's room, I should substitute it for that in
+her sugar-basin.  We knew that the Queen would have prevented all such
+precautions, but we were not aware of her reason.  One day she caught me
+alone making this exchange, and told me, she supposed it was agreed on
+between myself and M. Vicq-d'Azyr, but that I gave myself very
+unnecessary trouble.  "Remember," added she, "that not a grain of poison
+will be put in use against me.  The Brinvilliers do not belong to this
+century: this age possesses calumny, which is a much more convenient
+instrument of death; and it is by that I shall perish."
+
+Even while melancholy presentiments afflicted this unfortunate Princess,
+manifestations of attachment to her person, and to the King's cause,
+would frequently raise agreeable illusions in her mind, or present to her
+the affecting spectacle of tears shed for her sorrows.  I was one day,
+during this same visit to St. Cloud, witness of a very touching scene,
+which we took great care to keep secret.  It was four in the afternoon;
+the guard was not set; there was scarcely anybody at St. Cloud that day,
+and I was reading to the Queen, who was at work in a room the balcony of
+which hung over the courtyard.  The windows were closed, yet we heard a
+sort of inarticulate murmur from a great number of voices.  The Queen
+desired me to go and see what it was; I raised the muslin curtain, and
+perceived more than fifty persons beneath the balcony: this group
+consisted of women, young and old, perfectly well dressed in the country
+costume, old chevaliers of St. Louis, young knights of Malta, and a few
+ecclesiastics.  I told the Queen it was probably an assemblage of persons
+residing in the neighbourhood who wished to see her.  She rose, opened
+the window, and appeared in the balcony; immediately all these worthy
+people said to her, in an undertone: "Courage, Madame; good Frenchmen
+suffer for you, and with you; they pray for you.  Heaven will hear their
+prayers; we love you, we respect you, we will continue to venerate our
+virtuous King."  The Queen burst into tears, and held her handkerchief to
+her eyes.  "Poor Queen! she weeps!"  said the women and young girls; but
+the dread of exposing her Majesty, and even the persons who showed so
+much affection for her, to observation, prompted me to take her hand, and
+prevail upon her to retire into her room; and, raising my eyes, I gave
+the excellent people to understand that my conduct was dictated by
+prudence.  They comprehended me, for I heard, "That lady is right;" and
+afterwards, "Farewell, Madame!" from several of them; and all this in
+accents of feeling so true and so mournful, that I am affected at the
+recollection of them even after a lapse of twenty years.
+
+A few days afterwards the insurrection of Nancy took place.
+
+     [The insurrection of the troops at Nancy broke out in August 1790,
+     and was put down by Marechal de Bouille on the last day of that
+     month.  See "Bouille," p. 195.]
+
+Only the ostensible cause is known; there was another, of which I might
+have been in full possession, if the great confusion I was in upon the
+subject had not deprived me of the power of paying attention to it.  I
+will endeavour to make myself understood.  In the early part of September
+the Queen, as she was going to bed, desired me to let all her people go,
+and to remain with her myself; when we were alone she said to me, "The
+King will come here at midnight.  You know that he has always shown you
+marks of distinction; he now proves his confidence in you by selecting
+you to write down the whole affair of Nancy from his dictation.  He must
+have several copies of it."  At midnight the King came to the Queen's
+apartments, and said to me, smiling, "You did not expect to become my
+secretary, and that, too, during the night."  I followed the King into
+the council chamber.  I found there sheets of paper, an inkstand, and
+pens all ready prepared.  He sat down by my side and dictated to me the
+report of the Marquis de Bouille, which he himself copied at the same
+time.  My hand trembled; I wrote with difficulty; my reflections scarcely
+left me sufficient power of attention to listen to the King.  The large
+table, the velvet cloth, seats which ought to have been filled by none
+but the King's chief councillors; what that chamber had been, and what it
+was at that moment, when the King was employing a woman in an office
+which had so little affinity with her ordinary functions; the misfortunes
+which had brought him to the necessity of doing so,--all these ideas made
+such an impression upon me that when I had returned to the Queen's
+apartments I could not sleep for the remainder of the night, nor could I
+remember what I had written.
+
+The more I saw that I had the happiness to be of some use to my
+employers, the more scrupulously careful was I to live entirely with my
+family; and I never indulged in any conversation which could betray the
+intimacy to which I was admitted; but nothing at Court remains long
+concealed, and I soon saw I had many enemies.  The means of injuring
+others in the minds of sovereigns are but too easily obtained, and they
+had become still more so, since the mere suspicion of communication with
+partisans of the Revolution was sufficient to forfeit the esteem and
+confidence of the King and Queen; happily, my conduct protected me, with
+them, against calumny.  I had left St. Cloud two days, when I received at
+Paris a note from the Queen, containing these words:
+
+"Come to St. Cloud immediately; I have something concerning you to
+communicate."  I set off without loss of time.  Her Majesty told me she
+had a sacrifice to request of me; I answered that it was made.  She said
+it went so far as the renunciation of a friend's society; that such a
+renunciation was always painful, but that it must be particularly so to
+me; that, for her own part, it might have been very useful that a deputy,
+a man of talent, should be constantly received at my house; but at this
+moment she thought only of my welfare.  The Queen then informed me that
+the ladies of the bedchamber had, the preceding evening, assured her that
+M. de Beaumetz, deputy from the nobility of Artois, who had taken his
+seat on the left of the Assembly, spent his whole time at my house.
+Perceiving on what false grounds the attempt to injure, me was based,
+I replied respectfully, but at the same time smiling, that it was
+impossible for me to make the sacrifice exacted by her Majesty; that M.
+de Beaumetz, a man of great judgment, had not determined to cross over to
+the left of the Assembly with the intention of afterwards making himself
+unpopular by spending his time with the Queen's first woman; and that,
+ever since the 1st of October, 1789, I had seen him nowhere but at the
+play, or in the public walks, and even then without his ever coming to
+speak to me; that this line of conduct had appeared to me perfectly
+consistent: for whether he was desirous to please the popular party, or
+to be sought after by the Court, he could not act in any other way
+towards me.  The Queen closed this explanation by saying, "Oh! it is
+clear, as clear as the day! this opportunity for trying to do you an
+injury is very ill chosen; but be cautious in your slightest actions; you
+perceive that the confidence placed in you by the King and myself raises
+you up powerful enemies."
+
+The private communications which were still kept up between the Court and
+Mirabeau at length procured him an interview with the Queen, in the
+gardens of St. Cloud.  He left Paris on horseback, on pretence of going
+into the country, to M. de Clavieres, one of his friends; but he stopped
+at one of the gates of the gardens of St.  Cloud, and was led to a spot
+situated in the highest part of the private garden, where the Queen was
+waiting for him.  She told me she accosted him by saying, "With a common
+enemy, with a man who had sworn to destroy monarchy without appreciating
+its utility among a great people, I should at this moment be guilty of a
+most ill-advised step; but in speaking to a Mirabeau," etc.  The poor
+Queen was delighted at having discovered this method of exalting him
+above all others of his principles; and in imparting the particulars of
+this interview to me she said, "Do you know that those words,
+'a Mirabeau,' appeared to flatter him exceedingly."  On leaving the Queen
+he said to her with warmth, "Madame, the monarchy is saved!"  It must
+have been soon afterwards that Mirabeau received considerable sums of
+money.  He showed it too plainly by the increase of his expenditure.
+Already did some of his remarks upon the necessity of arresting the
+progress of the democrats circulate in society.  Being once invited to
+meet a person at dinner who was very much attached to the Queen, he
+learned that that person withdrew on hearing that he was one of the
+guests; the party who invited him told him this with some degree of
+satisfaction; but all were very much astonished when they heard Mirabeau
+eulogise the absent guest, and declare that in his place he would have
+done the same; but, he added, they had only to invite that person again
+in a few months, and he would then dine with the restorer of the
+monarchy.  Mirabeau forgot that it was more easy to do harm than good,
+and thought himself the political Atlas of the whole world.
+
+Outrages and mockery were incessantly mingled with the audacious
+proceedings of the revolutionists.  It was customary to give serenades
+under the King's windows on New Year's Day.  The band of the National
+Guard repaired thither on that festival in 1791; in allusion to the
+liquidation of the debts of the State, decreed by the Assembly, they
+played solely, and repeatedly, that air from the comic opera of the
+"Debts," the burden of which is, "But our creditors are paid, and that
+makes us easy."
+
+On the same day some "conquerors of the Bastille," grenadiers of the
+Parisian guard, preceded by military music, came to present to the young
+Dauphin, as a New Year's gift, a box of dominoes, made of some of the
+stone and marble of which that state prison was built.  The Queen gave me
+this inauspicious curiosity, desiring me to preserve it, as it would be a
+curious illustration of the history of the Revolution.  Upon the lid were
+engraved some bad verses, the purport of which was as follows: "Stones
+from those walls, which enclosed the innocent victims of arbitrary power,
+have been converted into a toy, to be presented to you, Monseigneur, as a
+mark of the people's love; and to teach you their power."
+
+The Queen said that M. de La Fayette's thirst for popularity induced him
+to lend himself, without discrimination, to all popular follies.  Her
+distrust of the General increased daily, and grew so powerful that when,
+towards the end of the Revolution, he seemed willing to support the
+tottering throne, she could never bring herself to incur so great an
+obligation to him.
+
+M. de J-----, a colonel attached to the staff of the army, was fortunate
+enough to render several services to the Queen, and acquitted himself
+with discretion and dignity of various important missions.
+
+     [During the Queen's detention in the Temple he introduced himself
+     Into that prison in the dress of a lamplighter, and there discharged
+     his duty unrecognised.--MADAME CAMPAN.]
+
+Their Majesties had the highest confidence in him, although it frequently
+happened that his prudence, when inconsiderate projects were under
+discussion, brought upon him the charge of adopting the principles of the
+constitutionals.  Being sent to Turin, he had some difficulty in
+dissuading the Princes from a scheme they had formed at that period of
+reentering France, with a very weak army, by way of Lyons; and when, in a
+council which lasted till three o'clock in the morning, he showed his
+instructions, and demonstrated that the measure would endanger the King,
+the Comte d'Artois alone declared against the plan, which emanated from
+the Prince de Conde.
+
+Among the persons employed in subordinate situations, whom the critical
+circumstances of the times involved in affairs of importance, was M. de
+Goguelat, a geographical engineer at Versailles, and an excellent
+draughtsman.  He made plans of St. Cloud and Trianon for the Queen; she
+was very much pleased with them, and had the engineer admitted into the
+staff of the army.  At the commencement of the Revolution he was sent to
+Count Esterhazy, at Valenciennes, in the capacity of aide-de-camp.  The
+latter rank was given him solely to get him away from Versailles, where
+his rashness endangered the Queen during the earlier months of the
+Assembly of the States General.  Making a parade of his devotion to the
+King's interests, he went repeatedly to the tribunes of the Assembly, and
+there openly railed at all the motions of the deputies, and then returned
+to the Queen's antechamber, where he repeated all that he had just heard,
+or had had the imprudence to say.  Unfortunately, at the same time that
+the Queen sent away M. de Goguelat, she still believed that, in a
+dangerous predicament, requiring great self-devotion, the man might be
+employed advantageously.  In 1791 he was commissioned to act in concert
+with the Marquis de Bouille in furtherance of the King's intended escape.
+
+     [See the "Memoirs" of M. de Bouille, those of the Duc de Choiseul,
+     and the account of the journey to Varennes, by M. de Fontanges, in
+     "Weber's Memoirs."--NOTE BY THE EDITOR.]
+
+Projectors in great numbers endeavoured to introduce themselves not only
+to the Queen, but to Madame Elisabeth, who had communications with many
+individuals who took upon themselves to make plans for the conduct of the
+Court.  The Baron de Gilliers and M. de Vanoise were of this description;
+they went to the Baronne de Mackau's, where the Princess spent almost all
+her evenings.  The Queen did not like these meetings, where Madame
+Elisabeth might adopt views in opposition to the King's intentions or her
+own.
+
+The Queen gave frequent audiences to M. de La Fayette.  One day, when he
+was in her inner closet, his aides-de-camp, who waited for him, were
+walking up and down the great room where the persons in attendance
+remained.  Some imprudent young women were thoughtless enough to say,
+with the intention of being overheard by those officers, that it was very
+alarming to see the Queen alone with a rebel and a brigand.  I was
+annoyed at their indiscretion, and imposed silence on them.  One of them
+persisted in the appellation "brigand."  I told her that M. de La Fayette
+well deserved the name of rebel, but that the title of leader of a party
+was given by history to every man commanding forty thousand men, a
+capital, and forty leagues of country; that kings had frequently treated
+with such leaders, and if it was convenient to the Queen to do the same,
+it remained for us only to be silent and respect her actions.  On the
+morrow the Queen, with a serious air; but with the greatest kindness,
+asked what I had said respecting M. de La Fayette on the preceding day;
+adding that she had been assured I had enjoined her women silence,
+because they did not like him, and that I had taken his part.  I repeated
+what had passed to the Queen, word for word.  She condescended to tell me
+that I had done perfectly right.
+
+Whenever any false reports respecting me were conveyed to her she was
+kind enough to inform me of them; and they had no effect on the
+confidence with which she continued to honour me, and which I am happy to
+think I have justified even at the risk of my life.
+
+Mesdames, the King's aunts, set out from Bellevue in the beginning of the
+year 1791.  Alexandre Berthier, afterwards Prince de Neufchatel, then a
+colonel on the staff of the army, and commandant of the National Guard of
+Versailles, facilitated the departure of Mesdames.  The Jacobins of that
+town procured his dismissal, and he ran the greatest risk, on account of
+having rendered this service to these Princesses.
+
+I went to take leave of Madame Victoire.  I little thought that I was
+then seeing her for the last time.  She received me alone in her closet,
+and assured
+
+     [General Berthier justified the monarch's confidence by a firm and
+     prudent line of conduct which entitled him to the highest military
+     honours, and to the esteem of the great warrior whose fortune,
+     dangers, and glory he afterwards shared.  This officer, full of
+     honour, and gifted with the highest courage, was shut into the
+     courtyard of Bellevue by his own troop, and ran great risk of being
+     murdered.  It was not until the 14th of March that he succeeded in
+     executing his instructions ("Memoirs of Mesdames," by Montigny,
+     vol. i.)]
+
+me that she hoped, as well as wished, soon to return to France; that the
+French would be much to be pitied if the excesses of the Revolution
+should arrive at such a pitch as to force her to prolong her absence.
+I knew from the Queen that the departure of Mesdames was deemed
+necessary, in order to leave the King free to act when he should be
+compelled to go away with his family.  It being impossible that the
+constitution of the clergy should be otherwise than in direct opposition
+to the religious principles of Mesdames, they thought their journey to
+Rome would be attributed to piety alone.  It was, however, difficult to
+deceive an Assembly which weighed the slightest actions of the royal
+family, and from that moment they were more than ever alive to what was
+passing at the Tuileries.
+
+Mesdames were desirous of taking Madame Elisabeth to Rome.  The free
+exercise of religion, the happiness of taking refuge with the head of the
+Church, and the prospect of living in safety with her aunts, whom she
+tenderly loved, were sacrificed by that virtuous Princess to her
+attachment to the King.
+
+The oath required of priests by the civil constitution of the clergy
+introduced into France a division which added to the dangers by which the
+King was already surrounded.
+
+     [The priests were required to swear to the civil constitution of the
+     clergy of 1790, by which all the former bishoprics and parishes were
+     remodelled, and the priests and bishops elected by the people.  Most
+     refused, and under the name of 'pretres insermentes' (as opposed to
+     the few who took the oath, 'pretres assermentes') were bitterly
+     persecuted.  A simple promise to obey the constitution of the State
+     was substituted by Napoleon as soon as he came to power.]
+
+Mirabeau spent a whole night with the cure of St. Eustache, confessor of
+the King and Queen, to persuade him to take the oath required by that
+constitution.  Their Majesties chose another confessor, who remained
+unknown.
+
+A few months afterwards (2d April, 1791), the too celebrated Mirabeau,
+the mercenary democrat and venal royalist, terminated his career.  The
+Queen regretted him, and was astonished at her own regret; but she had
+hoped that he who had possessed adroitness and weight enough to throw
+everything into confusion would have been able by the same means to
+repair the mischief he had caused.  Much has been said respecting the
+cause of Mirabeau's death.  M. Cabanis, his friend and physician, denied
+that he was poisoned.  M. Vicq-d'Azyr assured the Queen that the 'proces-
+verbal' drawn up on the state of the intestines would apply just as well
+to a case of death produced by violent remedies as to one produced by
+poison.  He said, also, that the report had been faithful; but that it
+was prudent to conclude it by a declaration of natural death, since, in
+the critical state in which France then was, if a suspicion of foul play
+were admitted, a person innocent of any such crime might be sacrificed to
+public vengeance.
+
+
+
+
+
+ETEXT EDITOR'S BOOKMARKS:
+
+Advised the King not to separate himself from his army
+Grand-Dieu, mamma! will it be yesterday over again?
+Mirabeau forgot that it was more easy to do harm than good
+Never shall a drop of French blood be shed by my order
+Saw no other advantage in it than that of saving her own life
+That air of truth which always carries conviction
+When kings become prisoners they are very near death
+Whispered in his mother's ear, "Was that right?"
+
+
+
+
+End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of The Memoirs of Marie Antoinette, v5
+by Madame Campan
+
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