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diff --git a/39076.txt b/39076.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c88c97d --- /dev/null +++ b/39076.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3677 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, +November 1, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 105, November 1, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 7, 2012 [EBook #39076] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ +fonts. Tentative expansions of Latin scribal abbreviations include +dimi[d=] for dimidio, ann' for anno, [Dns] for Dominus, [Dni] for +Domini, [Dno] for Domino, [p=] for pro, [=p] for pre, and [q=] for +que. The spelling of nomesthai, as taken over from Stolbergius, +seems to be a typographical error for nemesthai.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +Vol. IV.--No. 105. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 1. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition, 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + The Claims of Literature 337 + + NOTES:-- + + Daniel Defoe and the "Mercator," by James Crossley 388 + + Punishment of Edward Prince of Wales, by King + Edward I., for Disrespect to a Judge, by William + Sidney Gibson 338 + + Notes on the Word: "[Greek: Adelphos]," by + T. R. Brown 339 + + Lambert, the "Arch-Rebell," by + Richard John King 339 + + The Caxton Coffer, by Bolton Corney 340 + + Minor Notes:--A Hint to Catalogue Makers--Virgil + and Goldsmith--Mental Almanac--Merlin and the + Electric Telegraph 340 + + QUERIES:-- + + Bishop Bramhall and Milton 341 + + The Sempills of Beltrus: Robert Sempill 343 + + Descendants of John of Gaunt 343 + + Minor Queries:--Rocky Chasm near Gaeta: Earthquake + at the Crucifixion--Cavalcade--A Sept of + Hibernians--Yankee Doodle--Seventeenth of November: + Custom--Chatter-box--Printing in 1449, and + Shakspeare--Texts before Sermons--Paradyse, Hell, + Purgatory--Dead Letter--Dominus Bathurst, &c.--Grammar + Schools--Fermilodum--Lord Hungerford--Consecration + of Bishops in Sweden 343 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Effigy of a Pilgrim--"Modern + Universal History"--Origin of Evil--Nolo + Episcopari--Authors of the Homilies--Family of Hotham + of Yorkshire--Vogelweide--Meaning of Skeatta 345 + + REPLIES:-- + + Marriage of Ecclesiastics, by Henry Walter, &c. 346 + + Lord Strafford and Archbishop Ussher 349 + + Sculptured Stones in the North of Scotland 350 + + Anagrams 350 + + The Locusts of the New Testament 351 + + The Soul's Errand, by Dr. Edward F. Rimbault 353 + + The Two Drs. Abercrombie 353 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Dacre Monument at + Hurstmonceux--Book-plates--Sermon of Bishop Jeremy + Taylor--Moonlight--Flatman and Pope--Berlin Time--Ruined + Churches--Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death + of Carli, &c. 354 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 357 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 357 + + Notices to Correspondents 358 + + Advertisements 359 + + + + +THE CLAIMS OF LITERATURE. + +This day two years, on presenting to the public, and to the Literary Men +of England the first number of NOTES AND QUERIES, as "a medium by which +much valuable information might become a sort of common property among +those who can appreciate and use it," we ventured to say, "We do not +anticipate any holding back by those whose 'Notes' are most worth +having, or any want of 'Queries' from those best able to answer them. +Whatever may be the case in other things, it is certain that those who +are best informed are generally the most ready to communicate knowledge +and to confess ignorance, to feel the value of such a work as we are +attempting, and to understand that, if it is to be well done, they might +help to do it. Some cheap and frequent means for the interchange of +thought is certainly wanted by those who are engaged in Literature, Art, +and Science; and we only hope to persuade the best men in all, that we +offer them the best medium of communication with each other." + +How fully these anticipations have been realised, how all the "best men" +_have_ come forward, we acknowledge with feelings of gratitude and +pride. May we now hope that, in thus forming one fresh bond of union +among the lovers and professors of Literature in this country, we have +contributed towards a recognition of Literature as an honorable +profession, and hastened the time when the claims of Literature, +Science, and Art to some of those honorary distinctions hitherto +exclusively conferred upon the Naval, Military, or Civil Servants of the +Crown, will be admitted and acted upon. For as we hold with Chaucer: + + "That he is gentil who doth gentil dedes;" + +so we would have those men especially honoured, whose "gentil dedes" in +Literature, Science, and Art tend to elevate the minds, and thereby +promote the happiness of their fellow-men. + +That gallant gentleman, Captain Sword, whose good services we readily +acknowledge, has hitherto monopolized all the honours which the +sovereign has thought proper to distribute. We would fain see good +Master Pen now take his fair share of them;[1] and the present moment, +when Peace has just celebrated her Jubilee in the presence of admiring +millions, is surely the fittest moment that could be selected for the +establishment of some Order (call it of Victoria, or Civil Merit, or +what you will) to honour those followers of the Arts of Peace to whose +genius, learning, and skill the great event of the year 1851 owes its +brilliant conception, its happy execution, its triumphant success. + + [Footnote 1: We are glad to find that the views we have here + advocated, have the support of the leading journal of Europe. Vide + _The Times_ of Wednesday last.] + +The reign of the Illustrious Lady who now fills with so much dignity the +Throne of these Realms, has happily been pre-eminently distinguished +(and long may it be so!) by all unexampled progress made in all the Arts +of Peace. Her Majesty has been pre-eminently a Patron of all such Arts. +How graceful then, on the part of Her Majesty, would be the immediate +institution of an Order of Civil Merit! How gratifying to those +accomplished and worthy men on whom Her Majesty might be pleased to +confer it! + + + + +Notes. + + +DANIEL DEFOE AND THE "MERCATOR." + +Wilson, in his _Life of Defoe_, vol. iii. p. 334., gives an account from +Tindal, Oldmixon, Boyer, and Chalmers, of the _Mercator_ and its +antagonist, the _British Merchant_. He commences by observing that Defoe +"had but little to do with this work" (the _Mercator_), and quotes +Chalmers, who seems totally to mistake the passage in Defoe's _Appeal to +Honour and Justice_, pp. 47-50., in which the _Mercator_ is mentioned, +and to consider it as a denial on his part of having had any share in +the work. Defoe's words are-- + + "What part I had in the _Mercator_ is well known, and would men + answer with argument and not with personal abuse, I would at any + time defend any part of the _Mercator_ which was of my writing. + But to say the _Mercator_ is mine is false. I never was the author + of it, nor had the property, printing, or profit of it. I had + never any payment or reward for writing any part of it, nor had I + the power of putting what I would into it, yet the whole clamour + fell upon me." + +Defoe evidently means only to deny that he was the originator and +proprietor of the _Mercator_, not that he was not the principal writer +in it. The _Mercator_ was a government paper set on foot by Harley to +support the proposed measure of the Treaty of Commerce with France; and +the _Review_, which Defoe had so long and so ably conducted, being +brought to a close in the beginning of May, 1713, he was retained to +follow up the opinions he had maintained in the _Review_ as to the +treaty in this new periodical. He had not the control of the work +undoubtedly, otherwise, cautiously abstaining as he does himself from +all personal attacks upon his opponents, the remarks on Henry Martin +would not have appeared, which led to a severe and very unjust +retaliation in the _British Merchant_, in which Defoe's misfortunes are +unfeelingly introduced. There cannot, however, be the slightest doubt to +any one at all acquainted with Defoe's style, or who compares the +_Mercator_ with the commercial articles in the Review, that the whole of +the _Mercator_, except such portion as appears in the shape of letters, +and which constitutes only a small part of the work, was written by +Defoe. The principal of these letters were probably written by William +Brown. + +The excessive rarity of the _Mercator_, which Wilson could never obtain, +and of which probably very few copies exist, has rendered it the least +known of Defoe's publications. Even Mr. M'Culloch, from the mode in +which he speaks of it (_Literature of Political Economy_, p. 142.), +would appear not to have seen it. And therefore, whilst the _British +Merchant_, "the shallow sophisms and misstatements" of which we now +treat with contempt, is one of the most common of commercial books, +having gone through at least three editions, besides the original folio, +the _Mercator_, replete as it is with the vigour, the life and +animation, the various and felicitous power of illustration, which this +great and truly English author could impart to any subject, still exists +only in probably four or five copies of the original folio numbers. How +many of the advocates for free trade are acquainted with a production in +which one of the most gifted minds that the country ever produced, +exerts his delightful powers and most effectual "unadorned eloquence" in +the support of their favourite doctrine? + +I do not see any copy of the _Mercator_ noticed in the printed catalogue +of the British Museum. I owe my own to the kindness of MR. BOLTON +CORNEY, who allowed me to possess it, having purchased it, I believe, at +Mr. Heber's sale. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + + +PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES, BY KING EDWARD I., FOR DISRESPECT +TO A JUDGE. + +MR. FOSS has lately shown, in his valuable lives of _The Judges of +England_, that historical accuracy has been sacrificed in representing +Henry V., on his accession, to have re-invested Sir William Gascoigne +with "the balance and the sword." Lord Campbell, warned that +chroniclers, historians, moralists, and poets had, without historical +warrant, taken for true the story which Shakspeare has made so familiar +to us, has, in his _Lives of the Chief Justices_, examined the evidence +for attributing to the young king the act of magnanimity, and has +affirmed (vol. i. p. 131.) not only that Sir William committed the +prince, but that he actually filled the office of Chief Justice under +him when he became Henry V. The noble and learned lord has been at some +pains to authenticate the story of the commital of the prince, and has +shown that there is no sufficient reason for disbelieving that the +dauntless judge did make "princely power submit" to justice; and he has +brought forward also the probable sources of Shakspeare's information. +But these are silent as to the reinstatement of the illustrious judge; +and MR. FOSS has established that the young king lost no time in +dispensing with the "well-practised wise directions" of Sir William +Gascoigne. One is really sorry to be obliged to relinquish belief in the +historical foundation of the scene to which Shakspeare has given such +fine dramatic effect in his noble lines. My object, however, in now +writing is to point out a circumstance in some respects parallel, which +occurred in the reign of Edward I. In looking thorough the _Abbreviatio +Placitorum_ to-day, I find the record of a judgment in Michaelmas Term, +33 Edw. I. (1305), in which a curious illustration is given of the +character of that sovereign; for it appears that Edward Prince of Wales +having spoken words insulting to one of the king's ministers (when and +to whom I wish I could ascertain), the monarch himself firmly vindicated +the respect due to the royal dignity in the person of its servants, by +banishing the prince from his house and presence for a considerable +time. This anecdote occurs in the record of a complaint made to the king +in council, by Roger de Hecham (in Madox the name occurs as Hegham or +Heigham), a Baron of the Exchequer, of gross and upbraiding language +having been contemptuously addressed to him by William de Brewes, +because of his judgment in favour of the delinquent's adversary. The +record recites that such contempt and disrespect towards as well the +king's ministers as himself or his courts are very odious to the king, +and proceeds---- but I will give the original: + + "Que quidem (videlicet) contemptus et inobediencia tam ministris + ipsius Domini Regi quam sibi ipsi aut cur' suae facta ipsi Regi + valde sunt odiosa, et hoc expresse nuper apparuit idem [Dns] Rex + filium suum primogenitum et carissimum Edwardum Principem Walliae + [p=] eo quod quedam verba grossa et acerba cuidam ministro suo + dixerat ab hospicio suo fere [p=] dimi[d=] ann' amovit, nec ipsum + filium suum in conspectu suo venire [p=]misit quous[q=] dicto + ministro de [=p]dicta transgress' satisfecerat. Et quia sicut + honor et reverencia qui ministris ipsius [Dni] Regi ratione officii + sui fiunt ipsi Regi attribuuntur sic dedecus et contemptus + ministris suis facta eidem [Dno] Regi inferuntur." + +And accordingly the said Edward was adjudged to go in full court in +Westminster Hall, and ask pardon of the judge whom he had insulted; and +for the contempt done to the king and his court was then to stand +committed to the Tower, there to remain during the king's pleasure. +(_Abb. Plac._ lib. impres. p. 257.) + +Roger de Hegham occurs as a Baron of the Exchequer in 26 Edw. I., and +died 2 Edw. II. (Madox, ii. 58.) + + WILLIAM SIDNEY GIBSON. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + + +NOTE ON THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]." + +I have attempted to ascertain the _primary_ signification of the word +"[Greek: adelphos]," for the purpose of laying down a rule for its right +interpretation in the sacred scriptures. If I have succeeded, we may be +enabled to understand rightly one or two disputed passages in the New +Testament, of which I hope to treat in a subsequent number. + +Thus says Scapula on the word: + + "[Greek: Adelphos], frater proprie, frater uterinus; fit enim a + dictione [Greek: delphys], uterus; et [Greek: a] significante + [Greek: homou], pro [Greek: homodelphos]." + +His etymology, as far as it goes, is quite correct: but still, we must +trace its different parts up to the fountain-head, in order to +understand the word aright. Let us then first take away its prefix +[Greek: a], and its constructive affix [Greek: os], and the remaining +[Greek: delph] will be found to be a compound word, derived from the +Sanscrit language, proving its identity therewith by means of the +intermediate Semitic dialects. + +Chaldee _dul_, situla, urna, _a vessel_ for holding liquor. Arabic +_dal_, a fat _woman_. These primary steps lead us to a passage in Isaiah +li. 1., "the _hole_ of the _pit_:" where the _idea_ (not the word) is +contained, and forms a connecting link between the Chaldee and Sanscrit; +where, by taking _t_ for _d_ (a letter of the same organ), we have +Sanscrit _tal_, a _hole_, _pit_, cause, origin, &c.; _talla_, a young +woman, _reservoir_, _pit_, &c.; Greek (from the Syriac) [Greek: +talitha], a damsel, Mark v. 41.; and by affixing the Sanscrit _pha_, or +_pa_, _fruitfulness_, nourishment, drink, &c., we get _talpa_, a wife, +bed, &c. Hebrew _dalaph_, stillavit. Syriac _dalpha_, conjunctio +venerea. Delilah, a proper name, Judges xvi. 4. We thus ascertain that +[Greek: del-ph] relates to the fruit or fruitfulness, &c. of the womb: +and by putting the constructive affix [Greek: ys] = the Sanscrit _as_ or +_us_, we have [Greek: delphys], uterus, &c. + +We now come to the most important part of the compound [Greek: +adelphos], viz. the Sanscrit [=a] = [Greek: homou], simul, at the same +time; and we find that this [=a] refers us to "a limit conclusive" (to +_that_ place, to that time), and also to a "limit inceptive" (_from_ +THAT _place_, from that time); consequently, the _primary_ meaning of +[Greek: a-del-ph-os], is what Scapula has defined it to be, "frater +uterinus," a brother _to_, or _from the_ SAME _womb_. + +My deduction from hence is, that where the context, or history, does +_not_ point us to a more general sense of the word, _i.e._ to relatives +such as cousins, or to the whole _human_ race adopting the same term; +_correct_ criticism seems to demand the signification of the word in its +_primary_ meaning. + + T. R. BROWN. + + Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle. + + +LAMBERT, THE "ARCH-REBELL." + +Mr. Hallam (_Const. Hist._, vol. ii. p. 26. ed. 1850), after some +remarks on the execution of Vane, who was brought to trial together with +Lambert in 1661, asserts that the latter, "whose submissive behaviour +had furnished a contrast with that of Vane, was sent to Guernsey, and +remained a prisoner for thirty years." Mr. Hallam does not quote his +authority for this statement, which I also find in the older +biographical dictionaries. There exists, however, in the library of the +Plymouth Athenaeum, a MS. record which apparently contradicts it. This is +a volume called _Plimmouth Memoirs, collected by James Yonge_, 1684. It +contains "a Catalogue of all the Mayors, together with the memorable +occurrences in their respective years," beginning in 1440. Yonge himself +lived in Plymouth, and the later entries are therefore made from his own +knowledge. There are two concerning Lambert: + + "1667. _Lambert, the arch-rebell, brought prisoner to this + Iland."_ + +[The Island of St. Nicholas at the entrance of the harbour, fortified +from a very early period.] + + "1683, Easter day. My Lord Dartmouth arrived in Plimmo. from + Tangier. In March, Sir G. Jeffry, the famously [Query, + _infamously_] loyal Lord Chief Justice, came hither from + Launceston assize: lay at the Mayor's: viewed ye citadells, Mt. + Edgecumbe, &c. + + "The winter of this yeare proved very seveare. East wind, frost, + and snow, continued three moneths: so that ships were starved in + the mouth of the channell, and almost all the cattel famisht. Ye + fish left ye coast almost 5 moneths. All provisions excessive + deare; and had we not had a frequent supply from ye East, corne + would have been at 30s. per bushell,--above 130,000 bushells being + imported hither, besides what went to Dartmo., Fowy, &c. + + "The Thames was frozen up some moneths, so that it became a small + citty, with boothes, coffee houses, taverns, glasse houses, + printing, bull-baiting, shops of all sorts, and whole streetes + made on it. The birdes of the aire died numerously. _Lambert, that + olde rebell, dyed this winter on Plimmo. Island, where he had been + prisoner 15 years and mo._" + +The trial of Lambert took place in 1661. He may have been sent at first +to Guernsey, but could only have remained there until removed in 1667 to +Plymouth. His imprisonment altogether lasted twenty-one years. + +Lambert's removal to Plymouth has, I believe, been hitherto unnoticed. +Probably it was thought a safer (and certainly, if he were confined in +the little island of St. Nicholas, it was a severer) prison than +Guernsey. + + RICHARD JOHN KING. + + +THE CAXTON COFFER. + +An opinion prevails that biographers who lived nearest the times of the +individuals whom they commemorate are most entitled to belief, as having +at command the best sources of information. To this rule, however, there +are numerous exceptions; for time, which casts some facts into oblivion, +also produces fresh materials for historians and biographers. + +It is certainly advisable to _consult_ the earliest memoir of an +individual in whose fate we take an interest, and even each successive +memoir, in order that we may trace the more important historical +particulars, and such critical opinions as seem to require discussion, +to their true source. The result of some comparisons of this +description, on former occasions, has almost led me to consider +biographers as mere copyists--or, at the best, artists in patch-work. I +shall now compare, on one point, the earlier biographers of Caxton:-- + + "Gvilhelmus Caxton, Anglus--habitavit interim in Flandria 30 annis + cum domina Margareta Burgundiae ducissa regis Edwardi + sorore."--Joannes BALE, 1559. + + "Gvilhelmvs Caxtonus, natione Anglus. Vir pius, doctus, etc. In + Flandria quidem triginta annis vixit cum Margareta Burgundiae duce, + regis Edwardi quarti sorore."--Joannes PITSEUS, 1619. + + "William Caxton, born in that town [sc. Caxton!]. He had most of + his _education_ beyond the seas, living 30 years in the court of + Margaret dutchesse of Burgundy, sister to king Edward the Fourth, + whence I conclude him an Anti-Lancastrian in his + affection."--Thomas FULLER, 1662. + + "William Caxton--was a menial servant, for thirty years together, + to Margaret dutchess of Burgundy, sister to our king Edward IV., + in Flanders."--William NICOLSON, 1714. + + "Gulielmus Caxton natus in sylvestri regione Cantiae; in Flandria, + Brabantia, Hollandia, Zelandia xxx annis cum domina Margareta, + Burgundiae ducissa, regis Edwardi IV. sorore vixit."--Thomas + TANNERUS, 1748. + +Now, according to Fabian, Stow, and others, Margaret of York was married +to Charles duke of Burgundy in 1468; and if Caxton did not return to +England about the year 1471, as Stow asserts, he was certainly +established at Westminster in 1477. The _thirty_ years of the learned +writers must therefore be reduced to less than _ten_ years! + +The discrepancy between these writers, on another important point, is +not less remarkable than their agreement in error, as above-described. +Pits says Caxton flourished in 1483; Fuller, that he died in 1486; and +Tanner, that he _flourished_ about 1483, and _died_ in 1491. Shakspere +died in 1616: in what year did he flourish? + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +Minor Notes. + +_A Hint to Catalogue Makers._--Among the many excellent schemes proposed +for the arrangement and diffusion of common means of information, one +simple one appears to have been passed over by your many and excellent +correspondents. I will briefly illustrate an existing deficiency by an +example. + +While collecting materials for a projected critical commentary on the +_Timaeus_ of Plato, I was surprised to find the commentary of +_Chalcidius_ wholly wanting in our library at Christ Church. +Subsequently (when I did not want it, having secured a better edition at +the end of Fabricius' _Hippolytus_) I discovered a fine copy of Badius +Ascensius' editio princeps, bound up with Aulus Gellius and Macrobius, +but utterly ignored in the Christ Church catalogue. + +This instance shows the necessity of carefully examining the _insides_ +of books, as well as the backs and title-pages, during the operation of +cataloguing. Our public libraries are rich in instances of a similar +oversight, and many an important and _recherche_ work is unknown, or +acquires a conventional rarity, through its concealment at the end of a +less valuable, but more bulky, treatise. + +I have been aroused to the propriety of publishing this suggestion, by +purchasing, "dog cheap", a volume labelled _Petrus Crinitus_, but +containing _Hegesippus_ (_i.e._ the pseudo-Ambrosian translation from +Josephus) and the Latin grammarians at the end, all by the +afore-mentioned printer. + + THEODORE ALOIS BUCKLEY. + +_Virgil and Goldsmith._--The same beautiful thought is traceable in both +Virgil and Goldsmith. In book iii. of the _AEneid_, lines 495-6. we read: + + "Vobis parta quies; nullum maris aequor arandum; + Arva neque Ausoniae, _semper cedentia retro_, + _Quaerenda_." + +In the _Traveller_ these lines occur: + + "But me, not destined such delights to share, + My prime of life in wandering spent and care; + Impell'd, with steps unceasing, to pursue + Some fleeting good, that mocks me with the view; + That, like the circle bounding earth and skies, + Allures from far, yet, as I follow, flies ----" + + ALFRED GATTY. + +_Mental Almanac_ (Vol. iv., p. 203.).--MEM. The additive number for this +present November is 1. Hence next Wednesday is 4 + 1, that is, the 5th. +The Sunday following, is 1 + 1 + 7, that is, the 9th. And similarly for +any other day or week in this month. + + A. E. B + + Leeds, Nov. 1. 1851. + +_Merlin and the Electric Telegraph._--The following extract from the +prophecy of Merlin in Geoffrey of Monmouth's _British History_, book +vii. ch. 4., reads rather curiously in these days of railways and of +electric telegraph communication between France and England:-- + + "Eric shall hide his apples within it, and _shall make + subterraneous passages_. At that time _shall the stones speak_, + and the sea towards the Gallic Coast be contracted into a narrow + space. _On each bank shall one man hear another_, and the soil of + the isle shall be enlarged. The secrets of the deep shall be + revealed, and Gaul shall tremble for fear." + +I should like to be informed if there have ever been any detailed and +systematic attempts made at interpreting the whole of this curious +prophecy of Merlin's. + + W. FRASER. + + + + +Queries. + + +BISHOP BRAMHALL AND MILTON. + +Perhaps I am convicting myself of the most benighted ignorance by asking +some of your learned correspondents to elucidate for me a letter of +Bramhall's, which I extract from his works. It was written to his son +from Antwerp, and relates to the early years of our great Milton at +Cambridge, dated: + + "Antwerpe, May 9/19, 1654. + + "That lying abusive book [viz., the _Def. Pop. Ang._] was written + by Milton himself, one who was sometime Bishopp Chappell's pupil + in Christ Church in Cambridge, but turned away by him, as he well + deserved to have been, out of the University, and out of the + society of men. If Salmasius his friends knew as much of him as I, + they would make him go near to hang himself. But I desire not to + wound the nation through his sides, yet I have written to him long + since about it roundly. It seems he desires not to touch upon this + subject."--_Works_, vol. i. p. 94, Oxford, 1842. + +That Milton was _rusticated_ from Cambridge, and besides flogged by Dr. +Chappell, there seems little reason to doubt, but it is equally clear +that the punishment was only a temporary one, as he again went into +residence, and took the degrees of bachelor and master of arts in due +course. Whence, then, this sweeping accusation of the great and good +Bramhall's, whose character is a sufficient safeguard that he at all +events _believed_ what he said? Aubrey relates the story of Milton's +being whipped by Dr. Chappell, and afterwards being "transferred to the +tuition of one Dr. Tovell, who dyed parson of Lutterworth."[2] Milton +himself (_Elegiarum Liber, Eleg. I. ad Carolum Deodatum_) speaks of his +residence in London, and alludes, rather gratefully, to his "exilium" +from Cambridge, which he heartily disliked. He also alludes to his being +flogged, as there seems a whole world of meaning in _Caeteraque_: + + "Nec duri libet usque minas perferre magistri, + _Caeteraque ingenio non subeunda meo_. + Si sit hoc _exilium_ patrios adiisse penates, + Et vacuum curis otia grata sequi, + Non ego vel _profugi_ nomen, sortemve recuso, + Laetus et _exilii_ conditione fruor."--Ver. 15. &c. + + [Footnote 2: Dr. Warton has given a long note on the word + _Caeteraque_ in his edition of Milton's _Poems_, 1791, p. 421. He + suggests that probably "Dr. Tovell" should read "Dr. _Tovey_, + parson of _Kegworth_, in Leicestershire."] + +We then get a short sketch of his employments and amusements in London; +and his return to Cambridge is mentioned in the palinode to the last of +his elegies: + + "Donec Socraticos umbrosa academia rivos + Praebuit, admissum dedocuitque jugum. + Protinus extinctis ex illo tempore flammis, + Cincta rigent multo pectora nostra gelu." + +Having now cleared my way in as brief a manner as possible, I must +profess my utter disbelief in the enormities of Milton's life at +Cambridge. He was certainly flogged, but then he was only eighteen years +old at the time, and we know that flogging was permitted by the statutes +of many colleges, and was a favorite recreation amongst the deans, +tutors, and censors of the day. Bramhall's letter has indeed been a +marvellous stumbling-block in my way, ever since the appearance of the +last edition of his works; but I do hope that some of your learned +correspondents will dispel the clouds and shadows that surround me, and +prove that, at all events, Milton was not worse than his neighbours. + +Dr. South and Cowley were never flogged at college, but certainly they +were often flogged at school, or they could not speak so feelingly on +the subject: + + "Those 'plagosi Orbilii' (writes South), those executioners, + rather than instructors of youth; persons fitted to lay about them + in a coach or cart, or to discipline boys before a Spartan altar, + or rather upon it, than to have anything to do in a Christian + school. I would give these pedagogical _Jehus_, those furious + school-drivers, the same advice which the poet says Phoebus gave + his son Phaeton (just such another driver as themselves), that he + should _parcere stimulis_ (the stimulus in driving being of the + same use formerly that the lash is now). Stripes and blows are the + last and basest remedy, and scarce ever fit to be used but upon + such as carry their brains in their backs, and have souls so dull + and stupid as to serve for little else but to keep their bodies + from putrefaction."--_Sermon upon Proverbs, xxii. 6._ + +And Cowley, in describing the _Betula_ (Angl. birch-tree), how he does +paint from nature! + + "Mollis et alba cutim, formosam vertice fundens + Caesariem, sed mens tetrica est, sed nulla nec arbor + Nec fera sylvarum crudelior incolit umbras: + Nam simul atque urbes concessum intrare domosque + Plagosum _Orbilium_ saevumque imitata _Draconem_ + Illa furit, non ulla viris delicta, nec ullum + Indulgens ludum pueris; inscribere membra + Discentum, teneroque rubescere sanguine gaudet." + + _Plantarum_, lib. vi. pag. 323. Londini, 1668. + +That Milton's character was notorious or infamous at Cambridge has +never, to my knowledge, been proved; and there is in his favour this +most overwhelming testimony, that he never forfeited the esteem and +friendship of the great and good. Was Sir Henry Wotton writing to a man +of blighted and blasted reputation when he sent the kind and +complimentary letter prefixed to _Comus_? In that he not merely +eulogises the "Dorique delicacy" of Milton's songs and odes, but gives +him much kind and considerate advice upon the course he was to pursue in +his travels, as well as some introductions to his own friends, and +promises to keep up a regular correspondence with him during his +absence. Milton was very proud of this letter, and speaks of it in his +_Defensio Secunda_. Again, Milton's associates at Cambridge must have +known all about the misdemeanour (whatever it was) that caused his +rustication, and yet they permitted him to take a part in, and perhaps +to write the preface of, the ever memorable volume which contained the +first edition of _Lycidas_. + +The person commemorated was Edward King, a Fellow of Christ's College, +Cambridge (Milton's own college); and I need not adduce Milton's +affecting allusions to their close and intimate friendship. It was for +another of the _Fellows_ of Christ's College that Milton at the age of +nineteen (the very year after his rustication) wrote the academic +exercise _Naturam non pati Senium_, found amongst his Latin poems. But I +will omit a great many arguments of a similar kind, and ask this +question, Why has Milton's college career escaped the lash of three of +the most sarcastic of writers, Cleveland, Butler, and South, who were +his contemporaries? Cleveland must have known him well, as he, as well +as Milton, had contributed some memorial verses to King, and party +feeling would perhaps have overcome collegiate associations. Nor could +their mutual connexion with _Golden Grove_ have saved him from the +aspersions of Butler. After the Restoration, Richard Lord Vaughan, Earl +of Carbery, appointed the author of _Hudibras_ to the stewardship of +Ludlow Castle; and his second wife was the Lady Alice Egerton, who, at +the age of thirteen, had acted the Lady in Milton's _Comus_. It was to +her likewise that Bishop Jeremy Taylor dedicated the third edition of +the third part of the _Life of Christ_, as he had dedicated the first +edition to Lord Carbery's former wife, whose funeral sermon he preached. +I do not remember that Cleveland or Butler have on any occasion +satirised Milton; but I do remember that Dr. South has done so, and I +cannot understand his silence on the matter if Milton's private +character had been notorious. Of course I do not believe the anonymous +invective ascribed to a son of Bishop Hall's. Dr. South was not the man +to "mince matters," and yet Milton's college life has escaped his +sarcasms. What his opinion of Milton was we may learn from his sermon +preached before King Charles II. upon Judges xix. 30. + + "The Latin advocate (Mr. Milton) who, like a blind adder, has spit + so much poison upon the king's person and cause," &c. + + "In praefat. ad defensionem pro populo Anglicano (as his Latin + is)."--Vol. ii. pp. 201-2. Dublin, 1720. fol. + +Any one who can help me out of my difficulty will much oblige me, as +Bramhall's letter is a painful mystery, and truth of any kind is always +less distressing than vague and shadowy surmises. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 16, 1851. + + +THE SEMPILLS OF BELTRUS: ROBERT SEMPILL. + +Some few months ago there was published in Edinburgh the first collected +and only complete edition of the _Poems_ by the three brothers "Sir +James, Robert, and Francis Sempill of Beltrus," better known as the +authors of "The Pack-Man's Paternoster; or, a Picktooth for the Pope," +"The Life and Death of Habbie Simson, Piper of Kilbarchum," "The +Blythsome Wedding," "Maggie Lauder," &c., with biographical notices of +their lives. I am now anxious to know if any of your numerous +correspondents can inform me if copies of the original editions of the +_Poems_ by "Robert Sempill" can be procured, or if they are in any of +the public or private libraries in England? The following are what I am +in quest of, viz.: + +1. _The Regentis Tragedie_, 1570. + +2. _The Bischoppis Lyfe and Testament_, 1571. + +3. _My Lorde Methwenis Tragedie_, 1572. + +4. _The Sege of the Castel of Edinburgh_, 1573. + +Also where any notice as to his family, life, and character can be +found. + +A collection of Sempill's _Poems_, with some authentic account of the +author, is certainly a desideratum in Scottish literature. + + T. G. S. + + Edinburgh, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. + +John of Gaunt, by his third wife Katharine Swynford, left four children, +born before his marriage with her, but legitimated by act of parliament. +Of these the eldest is thus mentioned in Burke's "Introduction" to the +_Peerage_, p. xxi.:-- + + "John de Beaufort, _Marquess_ of Somerset and Dorset, who married + Margaret, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, and had a son + John, _Duke_ of Somerset, whose _only daughter and heir_, + Margaret, married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, and was mother + of Henry VII." + +Query, Was Margaret "only child," as well as only daughter of John Duke +of Somerset? or was she not sister to Henry, Edmund, and John, +successively Dukes of Somerset? (See Burke's _Peerage_, "Duke of +Beaufort.") + +In that case, after the death of this last-named Duke John issueless, +she would become "sole heir," as she had always been "sole daughter," of +Duke John the First. + +Or was she in fact _the daughter of this second and last Duke John_? At +his death the male line of Lancaster became extinct; the royal branch +having already failed at the death of Henry VI. + +There appears some little confusion in Burke's excellent work, as may be +seen by comparing p. xxi. of the Introduction, &c., with the genealogy +of the Beaufort family. + + A. B. + + Clifton. + + +Minor Queries. + +246. _Rocky Chasm near Gaeta: Earthquake at the Crucifixion._--Dr. +Basire (who was archdeacon of Northumberland, prebendary of Durham, and +chaplain to King Charles the Martyr and King Charles II.), in his +account of a tour made by himself and companions in 1649, says: + + "Wee landed to see Gaeta, a pleasant, strong, and very antient + citty. In it we saw some wonders, especially the thorow rupture of + a rocky mountain by an earthquake, which tradition sayes, and + Cardinal Baronius publishes to have happened at our Savior's + passion: a stupendous sight it is however, and well worth our + digression."--_Correspondence, &c., of Basire_, edited by the Rev. + W. N. Darnell, p. 90. + +I cannot here consult Baronius, to see whether he gives any references, +and should be very glad to be referred to any ancient historian who has +noticed the event to which this remarkable chasm is attributed, and to +know whether the tradition is preserved by any classical writer. I do +not find the chasm in question described by any naturalist, or other +traveller, whose writings I have been able to refer to. It is in a +locality which abounds with indications of volcanic action. It is said +that the Monte Somma was probably not distinct from the present cone of +Vesuvius prior to the great eruption in A.D. 79. In Dr. Daubeny's +_Description of Active and Extinct Volcanos_, mention is made of an +ancient town beneath the town of Sessa, where a chamber with antique +frescoes and the remains of an amphitheatre were disinterred, of the +overwhelming of which there is no record, nor is there even a tradition +of any eruption having occurred near it in the memory of man. + + W. S. G. + + Newcastle-upon-Tyne. + +247. _Cavalcade._--Your correspondent MR. W. H. HESLEDEN, in his +description of "A Funeral in Hamburgh" (Vol. iv., p. 269.), has twice +made use of the word _cavalcade_ in reference to that which would +otherwise appear to be a walking procession. He will oblige me (and I +dare say others of your readers) by explaining whether the procession +was really equestrian, or whether he has any authority for the +application of the term to pedestrians. The use of the word cannot have +been a mere oversight, since it is repeated. The relation in which it +stands makes it very doubtful whether it can, by any possibility, be +intended to describe a riding party. If, by any latitude, the word may +be otherwise applied, an authority would be interesting. If it is an +error, it certainly should not go uncorrected in "NOTES AND QUERIES." + + NOCAB. + + Harley Street. + +248. _A Sept of Hibernians._--Is _sept_ a word of Erse etymology; and, +if not, of what other? Has it a specific sense; or is it a general +equivalent to _clann_ or _treubh_? + + A. N. + +249. _Yankee Doodle._--Can any of your correspondents explain the origin +of this song, or state in what book a correct version of it can be +found? Likewise, whether the tune is of older date than the song. To +some these may appear trite questions; but I can assure you that I have +been unable to obtain the information I require elsewhere, and my +applications for the song at several music shops, when I was last in +London, were unsuccessful. + + SAMPSON WALKER. + + Cambridge. + +250. _Seventeenth of November: Custom._--When at school at Christ's +Hospital, many years ago, a curious custom prevailed on the 17th +November respecting which I had not then sufficient curiosity to +inquire. + +Two or more boys would take one against whom they had any spite or +grudge, and having lifted him by the arms and legs would bump him on the +hard stones of the cloisters. + +I have often, since I left the school, wondered what could be the origin +of this practice, and more especially as the day was recognised as +having some connexion with Queen Elizabeth. + +In reading, "Sir Roger de Coverley" with notes by Willis, published in +the _Traveller's Library_, I find at p. 134. what I consider a fair +explanation. A full account is there given of the manner in which the +citizens of London intended to celebrate, in 1711, the anniversary of +Queen Elizabeth's accession on 17th November; some parts of which would +almost seem to have been copied during the excitement against the papal +bull in November 1850. + +I have little doubt that originally the unfortunate boy who had to +endure the rude bumping by his schoolfellows was intended to represent +the pope or one of his emissaries, and that those who inflicted the +punishment were looked upon as good Protestants. + +Is there any other school where this day is celebrated; and if so, what +particular custom prevails there? + +The boys always attended morning service at Christ Church on this day. + + F. B. RELTON. + +251. _Chatter-box._--The derivation of this word would seem very plain, +and yet I have some doubts about it. I used to think that we called a +person a "chatter-box" because he or she was, metaphorically speaking, a +box full of chatter, as we should call another person a _bag-of-bones_. +And this seemed confirmed by the German _plaudertasche_, or a +_chatter-bag_, till I learnt from Wackernagel, _Glossar_, that in the +Middle High German _Tasche_ = _a woman_. (See under "Flattertasche.") I +believe we meet with the word again in the epithet _Maultasche_ applied +to the celebrated Margaret Maultasche, the wife of Louis the Elder; +_i.e._ Margaret, the woman with the large mouth. The word also occurs in +the Danish _Taske_ = _a girl_, _a wench_. Hence, I conclude that there +is no doubt but that the German _plaudertasche_ means a chattering +woman. Has our _chatter-box_ the same meaning--_i.e._ is there a word +for _woman_ or _female_ in any of our ancient languages from which _box_ +might arise? The only word which occurs to me just now as confirming +such a supposition is _buxom_ ("to be bonere and buxom, in bedde and at +borde." Ancient Matrimony Service), which is thus = _womanly_. + + J. M. (4) + + St. Mary Tavy, Tavistock. + +252. _Printing in 1449, and Shakspeare._--As the _Esil_ controversy +seems now, if not settled, to be at least lulled, at the risk of +stirring up another Shakspearean discussion, I venture to set down a +passage in the _Second Part of Henry VI._, which I have never yet seen +satisfactorily explained. It is-- + + "Act IV. Scene 7.--_Cade._ ... Thou has most traitorously + corrupted the youth of the realm, in erecting a grammar-school; + and whereas, before, our forefathers had no other books but the + score and the tally, _thou hast caused printing to be used_; and + contrary to the king, his crown and dignity, _thou hast built a + paper-mill_." + +Is this a mere wilful anachronism on Shakspeare's part; or had "that +misunderstood politician" Mr. John Cade any ground for this particular +accusation against the Lord Treasurer Say? Perhaps some of your +correspondents who have contributed the very interesting Notes on Caxton +and Printing will elucidate the matter. + + W. FRASER. + +253. _Texts before Sermons._--What is the origin of, and the authority +for our present use of texts of Holy Scripture before sermons? In the +Roman Catholic church the custom, I believe, is not the same. The +homilies used in the Church of England have no texts. In the ancient +Postils, was the gospel for the day again read from the pulpit, or were +the hearers supposed to carry it in their minds? It is quite clear that +texts are now in most cases merely the pegs whereon the sermon is hung, +so to speak, and are not read as passages of Holy Scripture to be +expounded to an audience ignorant of the meaning of the sacred volume. +Perhaps this Query may draw forth some remarks on the subject. + + G. R. M. + +254. _Paradyse, Hell, Purgatory._--Can any of your correspondents favour +me with the history and uses of three Chambers or Houses in Westminster + Hall, which in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII. bore these +portentous names? The custody of them was evidently a source of profit; +as there are several grants of it to "squires of the king's body" and +others. (See _Rymer_, xii. 275., xiii. 34.; _Rot. Parl._ vi. 372.) + + [Greek: Ph.] + +255. _Dead Letter._--"If the editor of 'NOTES AND QUERIES' will accept +an indirect suggestion, we should be glad if he, or some of his learned +correspondents, would inform the public of the origin or antiquity of +the popular saying by which a thing, under certain circumstances, is +designated as a 'dead letter.'" + + [Being unwilling that the foregoing Query, which we have taken + from an admirable article on the Dead Letters of the Post Office, + which appeared in _The Times_ of Tuesday last, should itself + become a _dead letter_, we have transferred it to our columns in + hopes that some of our learned correspondents will explain the + origin, and show the antiquity of the phrase by instances of its + earliest use. We do not believe that it is a Post Office + technicality transferred to the vocabulary of every-day life, but + that it is in some way connected with "the letter" that + "killeth."] + +256. _Dominus Bathurst, &c._--Who was "Dominus Bathurst," a Commoner of +Winchester in 1688? "Dominus Anvers" and "Dominus Modyford" occur in +1694; who were they? + + MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +257. _Grammar Schools._--The Editor of the _Family Almanack_ would be +glad if any of the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" could inform him +whether the Grammar Schools founded in the following places are still +open to scholars:-- + +Neale's School, March, Cambridgeshire; Dilborne, Staffordshire; Kirton +in Lindsay, Lincolnshire; Kirton in Holland, Lincolnshire; Nuneaton, +Warwickshire; Pilkington School, Prestwich, Lancashire; Royston, +Yorkshire; Bolton School, Scorton, Yorkshire; Lovel's School, Stickney, +Lincolnshire; Stourbridge, Worcestershire; Tottenham, Middlesex. + +Any letter on the subject can be forwarded to the publisher, 377. +Strand. + +258. _Fermilodum._--I have an antique metal seal in my possession, which +is about two inches and a quarter in diameter, having on its exterior +circle in small capitals SIGILLVM + CIVITATIS + FERMILODVM. I wish to +know if a place with such a seal could be called a _City_, and want a +literal translation of it. My native town was originated by a monastic +establishment, and several of the names of the streets have long puzzled +the learned, such as _May-gate_, _Colorow_ (Collicrow), _Pill_ or Peel +Muir: a place called the Rhodes is also in the vicinity. Would any of +your antiquarian correspondents give derivations of those streets? + + H. E. + +259. _Lord Hungerford._--Who was the Lord Hungerford who was hanged and +degraded (and for what crime?), and who is said in Defoe's _Tour_ (cited +in Southey's _Commonplace Book_, 4th series, p. 429.) to have had a toad +put into his coat of arms? Where can such coat of arms be seen? + + J. R. RELTON. + +260. _Consecration of Bishops in Sweden._--As I see "NOTES AND QUERIES" +attracts notice in Sweden, may I ask whether any record exists of the +consecration of Bothvidus Sermonis, who was appointed to the see of +Strengness by King Gustavus Vasa in 1536? + + E. H. A. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_Effigy of a Pilgrim._--There is in the parish church of +Ashby-de-la-Zouch an effigy, which is very interesting from its extreme +rarity; it is placed under a depressed arch in the north wall of the +interior of the edifice, and consists of a recumbent figure of a pilgrim +habited in a cloak and short boots, which lace in front with six holes +just above the instep: his legs are bare, and so is his head, but his +cockle hat lies under his right shoulder; his scrip, hanging from his +right shoulder to his left side, is tolerably perfect; but his row of +beads, suspended from his left shoulder to his right side, is mutilated, +as is also his staff; the hands, which were probably raised in prayer, +are gone; a collar of SS. hangs from his neck (will this be of any use +to MR. E. FOSS, Vol. iv., p. 147.?); the feet of the pilgrim rest +against a curious looking animal, which is said to be a dog. + +Nothing is known as to whom the effigy represents, and I have not +Nichols's _Leicestershire_ by me, to see if he hazards an opinion on the +subject. I shall feel much obliged by any of your numerous readers +kindly informing me where other effigies of pilgrims are to be found, +because if anything is known of them it may possibly help to elucidate +this present case of obscurity. + + THOS. LAURENCE. + + Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + [Nichols, in his _Leicestershire_, vol. iii. p 623., has given + some account of this effigy from Carter and Burton, together with + two sketches of the monument. Carter says, "There is no tradition + to determine whom this figure represents; but Mr. Gough thinks + that it was some person of authority, perhaps a keeper of the + castle, or a bailiff of the town." This monument had been noticed + by Mr. Burton, subsequent to the publication of his _History_; for + in the margin of his volume is this MS. note, and a slight sketch + of the tomb, when the scrip and staff were more perfect than they + are at present:--"On the north side of the church, near to the + great north door, lieth in the wall an ancient monument of a + Palmer in alabaster, which I guess to be of some of the family of + Zouch; which, for the expressing of the manner of the habit, I + caused to be cut and inserted." This sketch is also engraved in + plate lxxvi. of Nichols's _Leicestershire_.] + +"_Modern Universal History._"--At the conclusion of the preface of this +History, in vol. xvi. of the first edition, it is stated, "this work is +illustrated by the most complete set of maps that modern geography +furnishes." My copy is a very fine one, but I do not find any maps +whatever in it. Can any of your readers inform me whether such maps +exist; and if so, in what volumes, and at what pages, they ought to be? +Are they to be obtained separately? + + S. QUARTO. + + [The maps and charts, thirty-seven in number, to the _Modern_ part + of the _Universal History_, were published separately, in folio, + 1766: the volume and page where they are to be inserted are given + on each plate.] + +_Origin of Evil._--Where shall I find this problem fully discussed? + + A. A. D. + + [In Abp. King's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_, translated by + Bishop Law, which has passed through several editions.] + +_Nolo Episcopari._--Why is this phrase applied to a _feigned reluctance_ +in accepting an offer? + + A. A. D. + + [From a note in Blackstone's _Commentaries_, vol. i. p. 380., + edit. Christian, we learn that "it is a prevailing vulgar error, + that every bishop, before he accepts the bishoprick which is + offered him, affects a maiden coyness, and answers _Nolo + episcopari_. The origin of these words and the notion I have not + been able to discover; the bishops certainly give no such refusal + at present, and I am inclined to think they never did at any time + in this country."] + +_Authors of the Homilies._--Presuming that the authors of the Church +Homilies are well known, their writings having been adopted by our +church, and set forth and enjoined by authority to be read in all +churches, I fear I am only showing great ignorance by asking where I can +meet with a list of the writers of those discourses, distinguishing +which of the Homilies were written by each author; and if the writers of +some of them be unknown, then I should be glad to have the names of such +as are known, and the particular Homilies which were written by them. + + G. R. C. + + [Carwithen, in his _History of the Church of England_, vol. i. p. + 221. note _g_, speaking of the first book of Homilies, says, + "These Homilies were the work of Cranmer, Ridley, Latimer, + Hopkins, and Becon, one of Cranmer's chaplains. There is little + but internal evidence by which the author of any particular Homily + can be ascertained. The Homily 'Of the Salvation of Mankind,' + being the third as they are now placed, was ascribed by Gardiner + to Cranmer; and Cranmer never denied that it was his. The + eleventh, in three parts, is by Becon; and it is printed among his + works published by himself in three volumes folio. It is in the + second volume." Consult also Le Bas' _Life of Cranmer_, vol. i. p. + 284., and Soames' _Hist. of the Reformation_, vol. iii. p. 56.] + +_Family of Hotham of Yorkshire._--The family of Hotham, or Hothum, of +Boudeby in Yorkshire, acquired large possessions in Kilkenny at an early +period, apparently in consequence of an intermarriage with the Le +Despencers, lords of a third of the liberty of Kilkenny. Can any reader +of "NOTES AND QUERIES" supply me with a pedigree of that family, +especially as connecting therewith Sir John Hotham, Bishop of Ossory, +1779-1782? Any particulars respecting the life of that prelate will also +be thankfully acknowledged: he is said to have been a member of an old +Yorkshire family. (Cotton's _Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae_, vol. ii. p. +288.) + + JAMES GRAVES. + + Kilkenny, Oct. 11. 1851. + + [There are several references to the Hotham family in Sims' _Index + to all the Pedigrees and Arms in the Heralds' Visitations and + other Genealogical MSS. in the British Museum_, under Yorkshire. + Granger (_Biographical Hist._, vol. ii. p. 217.) has given a short + account of Sir John Hotham, Governor of Hull _temp._ Charles I. + See also _Gentleman's Mag._, vol. lxiv. p. 182., for a notice of + Sir Charles; and vol. lxviii. p. 633. for an account of the death + of Lady Dorothy Hotham.] + +_Vogelweide._--What authority has Longfellow for his legend of _Walter +of the Bird Meadow_? I find this epitaph given as his in Hone: + + "Pascua qui volucrum vivus, Walthere, fuisti, + Qui flos eloquii, qui Palladis os, obiisti! + Ergo quod aureolam probitas tua possit habere, + Qui legit, hic dicat--'Deus istius miserere!'" + +Has Julius Mosen's _Legend of the Crossbill_, translated by Longfellow, +any more ancient foundation? + + MORTIMER COLLINS. + + [The epitaph, and a very interesting sketch of the life of _Walter + Vogelweide_, with some ably translated specimens of his poetical + compositions, will be found in the late Edgar Taylor's _Lays of + the Minnisingers_, 8vo. London, 1825.] + +_Meaning of Skeatta._--What is a silver Skeatta? See _Gent. Mag._, May, +1851, p. 537. + + J. R. RELTON. + + [Mr. Akerman, in his very useful _Numismatic Manual_, p. 227., + says, "The word _sceatta_ is by some derived from _sceat_, a + _part_ or _portion_. Professor White, in a paper read to the + Ashmolean Society, remarks, that it is of Moeso-Gothic origin, + _scatt_ signifying in the Gospels of Uphilas a _pound_, a _penny_, + and, indeed, money in general." Ruding observes that, "Whatever + might have been the precise value of the _sceatta_, it was + undoubtedly the smallest coin known among the Saxons at the latter + end of the seventh century, as appears from its forming part of a + proverb: Ne sceat ne scilling, _From the least to the greatest_."] + + + + +Replies. + + +MARRIAGE OF ECCLESIASTICS. + +(Vol. iv. pp. 57. 125. 193. 196. 298.) + +Your general readers have reason to be as much obliged as myself to your +correspondents CEPHAS and K. S. for the information contained in the +former's criticisms, and the latter's addition to what you had inserted +in my name on the subject of clerical marriages. + +CEPHAS is very fair, for he does not find fault with other persons' +versions of the first part of Heb. xiii. 4. without giving his own +version to be compared; and he states the ground of his criticisms on my +reference to it. He has kindly told your readers, what they might have +conjectured from the Italics in our authorized version, that in +rendering [Greek: Timios ho gamos en pasi], "Marriage _is_ honourable in +all," they inserted _is_; and to show your readers an example of keeping +closer to the original, he himself renders it as follows: "Let (the laws +of) marriage be revered in all _things_, and the marriage bed be +undefiled." + +Then comes his exposure of my unhappy mistake: "H. WALTER mistakes the +adjective _feminine_ [Greek: en pasi] as meaning _all men_." Really, had +I known that [Greek: pasi] was an adjective feminine, I could scarcely +have fallen into the mistake of supposing it to mean _all men_. But many +of your readers will be likely to feel some sympathy for my error, while +they learn from CEPHAS that the ordinary Greek grammars, in which they +can have proceeded but a very few pages before they read and were called +upon to repeat the cases of [Greek: pas, pasa, pan], were quite wrong in +teaching us that though [Greek: pasi] might be either masculine or +neuter, it must not be taken for a feminine form. But before we correct +this error in one of the first pages of our grammar, I presume that we +should all like to know from what recondite source CEPHAS has discovered +that [Greek: pasi], and not [Greek: pasais], is the feminine form of +this constantly-recurring adjective. + +But farther, p. 193. will show that I did not give him a right to assume +that I should construe [Greek: pasi] "all _men_." For under my +_mistaken_ view of its being masculine, I thought the weaker sex was +included; and being myself a married man, I knew that marriage +comprehends women as well as men. + +But there is still more to be learnt from the criticisms of CEPHAS, +which the learned world never knew before. For, having told us that +[Greek: pasi] is an adjective feminine, he adds, "it signifies here _in +all things_;" whereas the grammars have long taught that _things_ must +not be understood unless the adjective be neuter. Perhaps he had better +concede that the grammars have not been wrong in allowing that [Greek: +pasi] may be neuter; and then, as we know that it is also masculine, and +he knows it to be feminine, it must be admitted to be of all genders, +and so young learners will be spared all the trouble of distinguishing +between them. If it be admitted that [Greek: pasi] is neuter here, it +may signify _all things_. + +My other mistake, he says, has been that of not perceiving that the +imperative _let_ should be supplied, instead of the indicative _be_. +This must be allowed to be open to debate; but as the proper meaning of +[Greek: timios] is "to be esteemed honourable," "had in reputation" +(Acts v. 34.), will it be a mistake to say, that the primitive +Christians would properly respect marriage, in their clergy as well as +in others, on the ground of the Scriptures saying, "Let marriage be +esteemed honourably in every respect?" Could they properly want ground +for allowing it to the clergy, when they could also read 1 Tim. iii. 2. +11., and Titus i. 6.? As CEPHAS quotes the Vulgate for authority in +favour of _enim_ in the next clause, he might have told your readers to +respect its authority in rendering the first clause, "Honorabile +connubium in omnibus." And if he has no new rules for correcting Syriac +as well as Greek, that very ancient version, though the gender of the +adjective be ambiguous in the equivalent to [Greek: pasi], renders the +next clause, "and _their_ couch _is_ pure," showing that _persons_ were +understood. + +Next comes K. S., who tells your readers that Whiston quotes the +well-known _Doctor_ Wall for evidence as to the prohibition of second +marriages among the Greek clergy, before the Council of Nice. I should +like to know something of this _well-known Doctor_. There was a +well-known Mr. Wall, who wrote on baptism; and there was a Don Ricardo +Wall, a Spanish minister of state, well known in his day, and there was +a Governor Wall, too well known from his being hanged; but I cannot find +that any of these was a Doctor, so as to be the well-known Doctor Wall, +whose "authority no one would willingly undervalue," (p. 299.) As for +poor Whiston, his name was well known too, as a bye-word for a person +somewhat crazy, when he quitted those mathematical studies which +compelled him to fix his mind on his subject with steadiness whilst +pursuing them. K. S. has told us that he terms "the _Apostolic +Constitutions_ the most sacred of the canonical books of the New +Testament." Such an opinion is quite enough as a test of Whiston's power +of judging in such questions. After much discussion, the most learned of +modern investigators assigns the compilation of the first six books of +those _Constitutions_ to the end of the third century, and the eighth to +the middle of the fourth. + +In the remarks to which CEPHAS has thus adverted, I gave some evidence +of marriages among ecclesiastics, at later dates than your correspondent +supposes such to have been allowed. Can he disprove that evidence? (See +Vol. iv., p. 194.) + + HENRY WALTER. + +Your correspondent CEPHAS attacks the authorised version of Heb. xiii. +4., and favours your readers with another. I venture to offer a few +remarks on both these points. + +I. He thinks-- + + "The authors of the authorised version advisedly inserted _is_ + instead of _let_, to forward their own new (?) doctrines." + +Doubtless whatever the translators did was done "_advisedly_;" but what +proof has CEPHAS that they adopted the present version _merely_ to serve +their own "interest?" Some verb _must_ be supplied, and either form will +suit the passage. It is true that Hammond prefers _let_ to _is_, but +there is as great authority on the other side. + +1. St. Chrysostom: + + "_For marriage is honourable, and the bed undefiled_: why art thou + ashamed of the honourable; why blushest thou at the + undefiled?"--_Hom. XII._ (Colos. vi.) Oxf. Trans., vol. xiv. p. + 330. + + "_For marriage is honourable._"--_Hom. X._ (1 Tim. i.), Oxf. + Trans., vol. xii. p. 77. + + "And this I say, not as accusing marriage; _for it is honourable_: + but those who have used it amiss."--_Hom. IX._ (2 Corin. iii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xxvii. p. 120. + + "And the blessed Paul says, '_Marriage is honourable in all, and + the bed undefiled_;' but he has nowhere said, that the care of + riches is honourable, but the reverse."--_Hom. V._ (Tit. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. xii. p. 313. + + "Thus marriage is accounted an honourable thing both by us and by + those without; and _it is honourable_."--_Hom. XII._ (1 Cor. ii.), + Oxf. T., vol. iv. p. 160. + +2. St. Augustine: + + "Hear what God saith; not what thine own mind, in indulgence to + thine own sins, may say, or what thy friend, thine enemy rather + and his own too, bound in the same bond of iniquity with thee, may + say. Hear then what the Apostle saith: '_Marriage is honourable in + all, and the bed undefiled. But whoremongers and adulterers God + will judge._'"--_Hom. on N.T._, Serm. xxxii. [82 B], Oxf. T., vol. + xvi. p. 263. + + "'_Honourable, therefore, is marriage in all_, [he had just before + been speaking of married persons] _and the bed undefiled._' And + this we do not so call a good, as that it is a good in comparison + of fornication," &c.--_Short Treat. de Bono Conjug._, Oxf. T., + vol. xxii. p. 283. + +3. St. Jerome, to whose authority perhaps CEPHAS will sooner bow on a +version of Holy Scripture than to Hammond's: + + "Illi scriptum est: 'Honorabiles nuptiae, et cubile immaculatum:' + Tibi legitur, 'Fornicatores _autem_ et adulteros judicabit + Deus.'"--69. _Epist. ad Ocean. Hier. Op._, vol. i. f. 325. + Basileae. Ed. Erasm. 1526. + +In all these passages the words are quoted _affirmatively_, as is +evident from the context; and it seems more likely, as well as more +charitable, to believe that our translators were induced to adopt the +present version in deference to such authorities, than to impute to them +paltry motives of party purposes, which at the same time they have +themselves taken the surest means to get exposed, by printing the +inserted word in Italics. Can CEPHAS adduce any Father who quotes the +text as he would read it, in the imperative mood, and with the sense of +"all things," not "all persons?" There may be such, but they require to +be alleged in the face of positive and adverse testimony. It is evident +that the mere substitution of [Greek: esto] for [Greek: esti], without +an entire change of the rest of the passage, will make no difference; +for that which was an assertion before will then have become a command. + +II. CEPHAS proposes another version, and observes, "H. WALTER mistakes +the adjective feminine [Greek: en pasi] as meaning 'all men,' whereas it +signifies here 'in all things.'" Probably this is the first time that +MR. H. WALTER and your other readers ever heard that [Greek: en pasi] +was a _feminine_ adjective. Your learned critic must surely have either +forgotten his Greek grammar, in his haste to correct the translators of +the Bible, or else is not strong in the genders; for he has unluckily +hit upon the very gender which [Greek: pasi] cannot be, by any +possibility. But let it pass for a "lapsus memoriae." However, he +supports his version of "all things" by one other passage, 2 Cor. xi. +6., where yet it _may_ be translated, as Hammond himself does in the +margin, "among all men" (cf. v. 8.): and I will offer him one other: + + [Greek: hina en pasi doxazetai ho Theos dia Iesou Christou].--1 + Pet. iv. 11. + + [Scil. [Greek: charismasin].] + +But does CEPHAS mean to say that [Greek: en pasi] is _always_ to be thus +rendered, when found without a substantive? Here are five passages from +St. Paul's Epistles, in which, with one possible exception, it +_evidently_ means "persons," not "things." + + 1. [Greek: ho de autos esti Theos, ho energon ta panta en + pasin.]--1 Cor. xii. 6. + + 2. [Greek: hina e ho Theos ta panta en pasin.]--1 Cor. xv. 28. + + 3. [Greek: barbaros, Skythes, doulos, eleutheros, alla ta panta + kai en pasi Christos.]--Col. iii. 11. + + 4. [Greek: tauta meleta, en toutois isthi; hina sou he prokope + phanera e en pasin.]--1 Tim. iv. 15. + + 5. [Greek: all' ouk en pasin he gnosis.]--1 Cor. viii. 7. + +Upon the whole, then, I imagine that if any one will take the trouble to +compare the passages above cited, and others in which the phrase [Greek: +en pasi] is used, he will find that _generally_ it refers to "persons," +and requires to be limited by the context before it bears the sense of +"_things_:"--in other words, that the former meaning is to be considered +the rule, the latter the exception. + + E. A. D. + +Is not this somewhat dangerous ground for "NOTES AND QUERIES" to venture +upon, bearing in mind "the depths profound" of disputatious polemics by +which it is bounded? As, however, A. B. C. has, to a certain extent, led +you forward, it were well for you to offer a more sufficient direction +to the intricacies of the way, than can be found in the only +half-informed "Replies" which have hitherto been given to his inquiry. +This is the more necessary, as we now are accustomed to turn to you for +the resolution of many of our doubts; and, under these circumstances, it +were better that you spake not at all, than that your language be +incomplete or uncertain. But the present question, from the very nature +of the case, is involved in some difficulty; and, to set about the proof +of individual instances of the non-celibate _as a rule_ of the bishops +of the primitive Church, or to discuss probabilities, which have already +formed the subject of much [Greek: paradiatribe], would fill more of +your pages than you would be ready to devote to such a purpose. It would +best then subserve the intentions of your publication, upon such a +matter as the present, to direct the attention of your correspondents to +accredited sources of information, and leave them to work out the +results for themselves. Voluminous are these authorities, but it will be +found that the following contain the entire subject in dispute, as +presented by the combatants on both sides; namely, _The Defense of the +Apologie_, edit. fol. 1571, pp. 194-231, 540-545.; Wharton's _Treatise +of the Celibacy of the Clergy_, in Gibson's _Preservative against +Popery_, fol. 1738, vol. i. pp. 278-339.; and Preby. Payne's _Texts +Examin'd_, &c., in _the same_, pp. 340-359. Previously, however, to +commencing the study of these authorities, I would recommend a perusal +of the statement made by Messrs. Berington and Kirk, on the celibacy of +the clergy, in _The Faith of Catholics_, &c., edit. 1830, p. 384. + + COWGILL. + + [COWGILL is right: the question of the Marriage of Ecclesiastics + is not calculated for our pages. But our correspondent CEPHAS + having impugned the scholarship of H. WALTER, and the honesty of + the translators of the authorized version, justice required that + we should insert MR. WALTER'S answer, and one of the many replies + we have received in defence of the translators. With these, and + COWGILL'S references to authorities which may be consulted upon + the question, the discussion in our columns must terminate.] + + +LORD STRAFFORD AND ARCHBISHOP USSHER. + +(Vol. iv., p. 290.) + +The question raised by PEREGRINUS is one of interest, which a comparison +of original and trustworthy writers enables us soon to settle. It is no +vulgar calumny which implicates Ussher in the advice which induced +Charles I. to consent to the murder of Lord Strafford; and though it +seems not unlikely that from timidity Ussher avoided giving any advice, +but allowed it to be inferred that he coincided in the counsel of +Williams; after weighing the evidence on this subject it is, to say the +least, impossible for us to believe for an instant that he acted in the +same noble manner as Bishop Juxon. Thus far is clear, that Bishop Juxon, +knowing that the king was satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +besought him to refuse to allow of the execution, and to "trust God with +the rest." Neither is it denied that Bishops Williams, Potter, and +Morton advised the king to assent to the bill of attainder, on the +ground that he was only assenting to the deeds of others, and was not +himself acting responsibly. And assuredly the same evidence which +carries us thus far, will not allow of our supposing that Ussher joined +with Juxon, though, as I have said before, he may, when summoned, have +avoided giving any advice. The facts seem simply these: when it was +known that the king, satisfied of the innocence of Lord Strafford, +hesitated about affixing his signature to the bill, or granting a +commission to others to do so, the London rabble, lord mayor, and +prentice lads were next called up, and the safety of the royal family +menaced. This led to the queen's solicitation, that Charles would regard +the lives of his family and sacrifice Strafford. Still the king could +not be moved. He had scruples of conscience, as well he might. This the +peers knowing, they _selected_ four bishops who should satisfy these +scruples: the four thus selected were Ussher, Williams, Morton, and +Potter. On Sunday morning, the 9th of May, the _four_ should have +proceeded to Whitehall: the _three_ latter did so; but Ussher preferred +the safer course of going and preaching at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, +leaving to his brother bishops the task of distinguishing between the +king's private conscience and his corporate one. The king, not satisfied +to leave the matter in the hands of those specially selected to urge his +consent, summoned the Privy Council. Juxon was present as Lord +Treasurer, and gave that noble and truly Christian advice: "Sir, you +know the judgment of your own conscience; I beseech you follow that, and +trust God with the rest." Moved by this, and by his own conviction of +Strafford's innocence, the king still refused assent; and it was needful +to hold another meeting, which was done in the evening of the same day. +As evening service had not been introduced into churches, Ussher was +present at the palace, and by his silence acquiesced in the advice +tendered by Bishop Williams. After the bill was signed, he broke silence +in useless regrets. But it was then too late to benefit Strafford, and +quite safe to utter his own opinions. In opposition to this, which rests +upon indisputable evidence, and with which Ussher's own statement +entirely accords, PEREGRINUS adduces the fact that Ussher attended +Strafford on the scaffold. But what does this prove? Merely that the +faction which would not tolerate that Laud or Juxon should minister the +last offices of the Church to their dying friend, did not object to +Ussher's presence; and that Strafford, who could have known nothing of +what had passed on Sunday in the interior of Whitehall, gladly accepted +the consolations of religion from the hands of the timid Primate of all +Ireland. + +The substance of what appears in Elrington's _Life of Ussher_ had been +long before stated by Dr. Thomas Smith in his _Vita Jacobi Usserii_, +apud _Vitae quorundam Erudit. et Illust. Virorum_; but if, in addition, +PEREGRINUS would consult May's _History of the Long Parliament_; +Echard's _History of England_, bk. ii. ch. i.; Whitelocke's _Memorials_, +p. 45.; Rushworth; Collier's _Ecclesiastical History_, t. ii. p. 801.; +Dr. Knowler, in Preface to _The Earl of Strafford's Letters and +Dispatches_; Dr. South, in _Sermon on Rom_. xi. 33.; and Sir George +Radcliffe's Essay in Appendix to _Letters, &c. of Lord Strafford_, t. +ii. p. 432., I doubt not but that he will come to the conclusion that +the above sketch is only consistent with stern fact. + + W. DN. + + +SCULPTURED STONES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 86.) + +ABERDONIENSIS tells us that Mr. Chalmers, of Auldbar, had got drawings +of the sculptured stone obelisks in Angus lithographed for the Bannatyne +Club, and that the work had excited considerable interest, and that the +Spalding Club of Aberdeen are now obtaining drawings of the stones of +this description in the north of Scotland. Circulars from the Spalding +Club desiring information had been sent to a large number of the clergy, +to which answers had been received only from a small portion, and he +desired further information. These monuments, he states, are not to be +found south of the Forth, and I am told not further north than +Sutherlandshire. It would be desirable to know what these sculptured +obelisks and the sculptures on them are; if symbolical, of what, or what +they serve to illustrate; the supposed race and date to which they are +referable. What the Veronese antiquarians, Maffei and Bianchini, did +from the nation's ancient remains to throw light on history, shows what +may be done. In Orkney no sculptured stone, or stone with a runic +inscription, has been noticed among its circles of standing stones, or +single bantasteins; and though it is right to admit that attention has +not been directed to seeking them, yet I do not believe they could have +escaped observation had there been any such. The absence of runic stones +in Orkney appears singular in a country certainly Scandinavian from its +conquest by Harald Harfager, king of Norway, A.D. 895 (or perhaps +earlier), till its transfer to Scotland in 1468 in mortgage for a part +of the marriage portion of the Danish princess who became the queen of +James III. of Scotland by treaty between the countries of Denmark and +Norway and Scotland. In Zetland Dr. Hibbert noticed a few ruins, and +within these few days the peregrinations of the Spalding Club have +brought to notice, in the Island of Bruray, a stone of runic state, +having inscribed on it letters like runic characters, and sculptures in +relief, but decayed. A drawing is being made of it, to satisfy +antiquarian curiosity. It may merit notice that _no_ runic stones have +been found in Orkney, nor circles of standing stones in Zetland. The +sculptures of classic antiquity have been made use of to elucidate +history, and it is equally to be desired that those Scottish sculptured +remains should, if possible, be rescued from what Sir Francis Palgrave +calls the "speechless past," and made to tell their tale in illustration +of the earlier period of Scottish or Caledonian story. + + W. H. F. + + +ANAGRAMS. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 226, 297.) + +As anagrams have been admitted into your pages, perhaps the following, +on the merits of your publication, may find a place. + +(1.) Every one will allow that "NOTES AND QUERIES" is _a +Question-Sender_, and a very efficient one too. + +(2.) Always ready to furnish information, it says to all, _O send in a +Request_. + +(3.) Its principles are loyal and constitutional, for its very name, in +other words, is _Queens and Tories_. + +(4.) It is suited to all classes, for while it instructs the people, it +_tires no sad queen_. + +(5.) It promotes peaceful studies so much that it _ends a queen's riot_. + +(6.) The new subscriber finds it so interesting that on his bookseller's +asking if he wishes to continue it, he is sure to say, _No end as I +request_. + +(7.) Lastly, its pages are only too absorbing; for I often observe +(after dinner) my friend _A--n's nose quite red_. + +Hoping the editor, who must be accustomed, from the variety of his +contributions, to (8) _stand queer noise_, will excuse this trifling, I +beg to subscribe myself, + + (9) DAN. STONE, ESQUIRE. + +As some of your readers feel an interest in anagrams, I venture to make +an additional contribution. Polemics apart, it will strike most persons +as remarkably happy: + + "But, holie father, I am certifyed + That they youre power and policye deride; + And how of you they make an anagram, + The best and bitterest that the wits could frame. + As thus: + _Supremus Pontifex Romanus._ + Annagramma: + _O non sum super petram fixus._" + +It occurs in Taylor's _Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele_, lately +printed for private circulation, under the care of Mr. Halliwell. + + C. H. + +I am surprised not one of your correspondents has noticed the anagram by +George Herbert on _Roma_. As it is a good specimen of what may be +called "learned trifling" I subjoin a copy of it:-- + + "Roma dabit oram, Maro, + Ramo, armo, mora, et amor. + + "Roma tuum nomen quam non pertransiit _Oram_ + Cum Latium ferrent saecula prisca jugum? + Non deerat vel fama tibi, vel carmina famae, + Unde _Maro_ laudes duxit ad astra tuas. + At nunc exsucco similis tua gloria _Ramo_ + A veteri trunco et nobilitate cadit. + Laus antiqua et honor perierunt, te velut _Armo_ + Jam deturbarunt tempora longa suo. + Quin tibi jam desperatae _Mora_ nulla medetur; + Qua Fabio quondam sub duce nata salus. + Hinc te olim gentes miratae odere vicissim; + Et cum sublata laude recedit _Amor_." + + H. C. K. + +Amongst George Herbert's _Poems_ is an anagram, which I shall only +allude to, as it is upon a sacred subject; and Fulke Greville, Lord +Brooke, has left us a play upon his own name, which would scarcely +satisfy the requirements of MR. BREEN. However, I am glad of any +opportunity of referring to our great English Lucretius, and will +transcribe it:-- + + "Let no man aske my name, + Nor what else I should be; + For _Greiv-Ill_, paine, forlorne estate + Doe best decipher me." + + "Caelica," sonnet lxxxiii. _Works_, p. 233. Lond. 1633. + +To me the most satisfactory anagram in the English language is that by +the witty satirist Cleveland upon Oliver Cromwell: + + _Protector. O Portet C. R._ + + Cleveland's _Works_, p. 343. Lond. 1687. + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 18. 1851. + + +THE LOCUSTS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + +(Vol. iv., p. 255.) + +The Romaic version of Matt. iv. 4. is almost verbally taken from the +Greek, "[Greek: he de trophe autou en akrides kai meli agrion]." In Mark +i. 6., the expression is [Greek: esthion akridas]. The only other place +in the New Testament were the word [Greek: akris] is found, is in Rev. +ix. 3. 7., where it plainly means a locust. + +In the Septuagint version the word is commonly used for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: `arbeh], locust, of the meaning of which there is no dispute; as +in Exodus, x. 4. 12, 13, 14.; Deut. xxviii. 38.; Joel, i. 4., ii. 25.; +Ps. cv. 34., &c. + +In other places the word [Greek: akris] in the Septuagint corresponds to +[Hebrew: chagab], in the Hebrew, as in Numb. xiii. 33.; Is. xl. 22.; and +that this was a species of locust which was eatable, appears from Lev. +xi. 21, 22.: + + "Yet there may ye eat of every _flying_ creeping thing that goeth + upon all fours, which have legs above their feet, to leap withal + upon the earth; even those of them ye may eat, the locust + ([Hebrew: th ha`arbeh], [Greek: ton brouchon]) after his kind, and + the bald locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and + the grasshopper ([Hebrew: `eth hechagab], [Greek: ten akrida]) + after his kind." + +That locusts were eaten in the East is plain from Pliny, who in xi. 29. +relates this of the Parthians; and in vi. 30. of the Ethiopians, among +whom was a tribe called the Acridophagi, from their use of the [Greek: +akris] for food. + +There seems, then, no reason to suppose that in Matt. iv. 4., Mark i. +6., the word [Greek: akrides] should be taken to mean anything but +locusts. + +It was, however, a very ancient opinion that the word [Greek: akrides] +here means [Greek: akrodrya], or [Greek: akra dryon], or [Greek: +akremones], or [Greek: akrismata], the ends of the branches of trees; +although the word [Greek: akrides] is never used in this sense by pure +Greek writers. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +The interpretation of [Greek: akrides] (Matt. iii. 4.) suggested to +[Greek: Boreas] is not new. Isidorus Pelusiota (Epist. i. 132.) says: + + "[Greek: hai akrides, hais Ioannes etrepheto, ou zoa eisin, hos + tines oiontai amathos, kantharois apeoikota; me genoito; all' + akremones botanon e phyton]." + +Chrysostom, Theophylact, and others, either adopt or quote the same +interpretation, as may be seen by referring to Suicer, _Thes. Eccl._, +under the word [Greek: Akris]. + +But in the absence of any direct proof that the word was ever used in +this sense, I do not think it safe to adopt interpretations which +possibly rested only on some tradition. + +There is positive proof that locusts were eaten by some people. In Lev. +xi. 22. we have, + + "These of them ye may eat; the locust after his kind, and the bald + locust after his kind, and the beetle after his kind, and the + grasshopper after his kind." + +In this passage we find [Greek: akrida] used by the LXX. for the Hebrew +[Hebrew: chagab], the last of the four kinds specified. I find in +several commentators whom I have consulted, reference to Bochart's +_Hierozoicon_, ii. 4. 7., but as I have not the book by me, I must be +content with referring your correspondent to it; and if he will look at +the commentaries of Elsner and Kuinoel, and Schleusner's _Lexicon_, he +will find references to so many authors in confirmation of the fact in +question, that I think he will not disagree with me in concluding that +where the balance of learned opinion, as well as of evidence, is so +great in favour of one interpretation, we ought not rashly to take up +another, however intelligent the party may be by whom it was suggested. + +I have just looked into Wolfius on the New Testament, and there find a +list of writers who have adopted the interpretations of the Father +above mentioned, and also a host of others who defend the received +explanation. If they should be within the reach of [Greek: Boreas] (as +most of them are not in mine), he will be able to balance their +arguments for himself. + + [Hebrew: B.] + + L---- Rectory, Somerset. + +Perhaps the following may be useful to your correspondent [Greek: +Boreas] on the word [Greek: akrides], St. Matt. iii. 4. + +Lev. xi. 22., we have an enumeration of the various kinds of locusts +known to the Jews, viz. the locust proper, the bald locust, beetle, +grasshopper; rendered in the Vulgate respectively, _bruchus_, _attacus_, +_ophiomachus_, _locusta_, the latter by the Septuagint, [Greek: +akrides]. The Hebrew [Hebrew: `arbeh], the locust proper, from [Hebrew: +ravah], to multiply, is used chiefly for the ravaging locust, as Exod. +x. 12., probably a larger kind; while [Hebrew: chagab], which is +translated _grasshopper_ in our version above, Vulg. _locusta_, Sept. +[Greek: akrides], rendered by Fuerstius (_Heb. Conc._) _locusta +gregaria_, is mostly used as implying diminutiveness, as Numbers, xiii. +33., and but once as a devouring insect, 2 Chro. vii. 13. It is +translated indiscriminately, in our version, _locust_ and _grasshopper_; +all these were edible and permitted to the Jews. Singularly enough, +there is one passage in which this word [Hebrew: chagab] is used, viz. +Eccl. xii. 5., in which it is doubted by some whether it may not mean a +vegetable; but this is not the opinion of the best authorities. The +observation of Grotius, by-the-bye, on the place is extremely curious, +differing from all the other commentators. + +What we learn from the Old Testament, then is the probability that +[Greek: akrides] meant a smaller kind of locust; and that they were +edible and permitted to the Jews. We have abundant evidence, moreover, +from other quarters, that these locusts were prized as food by +frequenters of the desert. Joh. Leo (_Descript. Africae_, book ix., +quoted by Drusius, _Crit. Sac._) says: + + "Arabiae desertae et Libyae populi locustarum adventum pro felici + habent omine; nam vel elixas, vel ad solem desiccatas, in farinam + tundunt atque edunt." + +Again, _Mercurialis, de Morb. Puerorum_, i. 3. ap. eun.: + + "Refert Agatharchides, in libro de Mare Rubro, [Greek: + akridophagous], i.e. eos qui vescuntur locustis, corpora habere + maxime extenuata et macilenta." + +Fit food, therefore, of the ascetic. Theophylact understood by [Greek: +akrides] a wild herb or fruit; but all the most trustworthy commentators +besides were of opinion that an animal was intended. + +The modern Greek interpretation of [Greek: akrides], "the young and +tender shoots of plants," may perhaps be traced in what Balth. +Stolbergius (see his essay on this passage, the most copious of any) +says; maintaining it to be an animal, he adds,-- + + "Insectum, infirmis pennis alatum, ac proinde altius non evolans, + sic dictum ab uredine locorum quae attingit; quasi loca usta. + Graece, [Greek: akris, para tas akras ton astachyon kai ton phyton + nomesthai]." + +The following from _Hieron. adv. Jovinian_, ii. 6., quoted by Drusius, +while it asserts that locusts were esteemed as food in some countries, +will, perhaps, account for the unwillingness of the Greek friend of your +correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to recognise an animal in the [Greek: +akrides] of John the Baptist: + + "Apud orientales et Libyae populos, quia per desertum et calidam + eremi vastitatem locustarum nubes reperiuntur, locustis vesci + moris est; hoc verum esse Johannes quoque Baptista probat. + Compelle Phrygem et Ponticum ut locustas comedat, nefas putabit." + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +Will you permit me to observe that the proper word is _locusts_? For I +remember when I was at Constantinople in the year 1809, that passing +through the fruit and vegetable bazaar, I observed some dried fruits, +resembling a large French bean pod; they appeared dry, and were of a +brown colour. I inquired the name of "the fruit;" I was told they were +"locusts." I was struck with the name, for I remembered the passage in +the New Testament, and I could not reconcile my mind to St. John living +upon locusts (the insects) and wild honey. I immediately tasted some of +the fruit, and found it sweet and good, something similar to the date, +but not so good, although nutritious. I was thus instantly convinced of +the possibility of St. John living upon "locusts and wild honey" in the +desert. I have related to you this fact as it occurred to me. The locust +tree must be well known amongst horticulturists. I do not pretend to +enter into the question whether the translation is right or wrong, as I +am no "scollard," as the old woman said. + + J. BL. + +There is in Malta, the north of Africa, and Syria, a tree called the +locust tree; it bears a pod resembling the bean, and affords in those +countries food for both man and horse, which I have no doubt in my own +mind is the locust of the New Testament. If your correspondent feels +curious on the subject, I would search the bottom of my portmanteau, and +perhaps might be able to forward him a specimen. + + J. W. + +Relative to the meaning of [Greek: Akrides] in Matt. iii., I beg to +refer your correspondent [Greek: Boreas] to the note in Dr. Burton's +_Gr. Test._, where he will find reference to the authors who have +discussed the question. + + DX. + + +THE SOUL'S ERRAND. + +(Vol. iv., p. 274.) + +This beautiful little poem is assigned by Bishop Percy to Sir Walter +Raleigh, by whom it is said to have been written the night before his +execution; this assertion is, however, proved to be unfounded, from the +fact that Raleigh was not executed until 1618, and the poem in question +was printed in the second edition of Francis Davidson's _Poetical +Rhapsody_, in 1608. "It is nevertheless possible," observes Sir Harris +Nicolas (Introduction to _Poetical Rhapsody_, p. ci.), "that it was +written by Raleigh the night before he _expected_ to have been executed +at Winchester, November, 1603, a circumstance which is perfectly +reconcileable to dates, and in some degree accounts for the tradition +alluded to." This ground must be now abandoned, as it is certain that +MS. copies of the poem exist of a still earlier date. Malone had a MS. +copy of it dated 1595 (_Shakspeare by Boswell_, vol. ii. p. 579.); +Brydges speaks of one in the British Museum dated 1596 (_Lee Priory +edit. of Raleigh's Works_, vol. viii. p. 725.); and Campbell says, "it +can be traced to a MS. of a date as early as 1593" (_Specimens_, p. 57. +second edit.). + +"The Soul's Errand" is found in the folio edition of Joshua Sylvester's +_Works_, and also in the poems of Lord Pembroke. Ritson, whose authority +merits some attention, peremptorily attributes it to Francis Davison. +"_The Answer to the Lye_," he observes, "usually ascribed to Raleigh, +and pretended to have been written the night before his execution, was +in fact by Francis Davison" (_Bib. Poet._ p. 308.). + +The evidence in favour of these three claimants has been well examined +by the Rev. John Hannah (see _Poems by Sir Henry Wotton, Sir Walter +Raleigh, and others_, 12mo. 1845, pp. 89-99.), and completely set aside. +The same gentleman has printed a curious poetical piece, from an old MS. +Miscellany in the Chetham Library at Manchester (8012. p. 107), which +does something to establish Raleigh's claim. It commences as follows:-- + + "Go, Eccho of the minde; + A careles troth protest; + Make answere yt _rude Rawly_ + No stomack can disgest." + + "In these verses (remarks Mr. Hannah) three points especially + deserve attention; first, that they assign the disputed poem to + Raleigh _by name_; next, that they were written _when he was still + alive_, as is plain from the concluding stanza; and lastly, that + they give the reason why it has been found so difficult to + discover its true author, for the 13th stanza intimates that 'The + Lie' was anonymous, though its writer was not altogether unknown." + +Many MS. copies of "The Soul's Errand" exist. Two of them have been +printed at the end of Sir Harris Nicolas's edition of Davison's +_Poetical Rhapsody_; the one from Harl. MS. 2296., the other from a +manuscript in the same collection, No. 6910.; the readings of which not +only differ materially from each other, but in a slight degree also from +the printed copies. The title in Davison is "The Lie," which is retained +by Percy; that of "The Soul's Errand" was taken by Ellis from +Sylvester's _Works_. In some copies it is called "The Farewell." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +The lines reported to have been written by Sir Walter Raleigh the night +before his execution were _not_, I think, those alluded to by AEGROTUS. +In the _Reliquiae Wottonianae_ are some few "poems found amongst the +papers of Sir Henry Wotton," one of which is headed "Sir Walter Raleigh +the Night before his Death," and is this: + + "Even such is _time_ that takes on trust + Our _youth_, our _joyes_, our all we have, + And pays us but with _age_ and _dust_; + Who in the dark and silent grave + (When we have wandered all our ways) + Shuts up the story of our days. + But from this _earth_, this _grave_, this _dust_, + My God shall raise me up, I trust."--W. R. + + P. 396, 3d edition, London, 1672. + +In the _Collection of Sacred Poetry_, edited for the Parker Society by +Mr. Farr (vol. i. p. 236.), the lines I have adduced are headed "An +Epitaph" and attributed to Sir W. Raleigh on the above melancholy +occasion. + +"The Soul's Errand," which AEGROTUS quotes from, is entitled "The +Farewell" in the same collection; but so much ambiguity rests upon Sir +Walter's poetry that I shall merely add my conviction that the "Epitaph" +is only a fragment--"judicent peritiores." + + RT. + + Warmington, Oct. 14. 1851. + + [BARTANUS, JOHN ALGOR, H. E. H. have also kindly replied to this + Query.] + + +THE TWO DRS. ABERCROMBIE. + +(Vol. iii., p. 209.) + +It does not appear that David and Patrick Abercromby either studied or +graduated at the University of Leyden. Their names are not found in the +alphabetic registers of the students matriculated in the University.[3] +For this reason the academic dissertations of these two physicians will +be sought in vain in the University library. Three works of David +Abercromby are, however, here: + + 1. "Tuta ac Efficax + Luis Venereae, saepe absque + Mercurio, ac semper absque + Salivatione Mercuriali + Curandae Methodus. + Authore Davide Abercromby, M.D. + Londini, impensis Samuel Smith ad + insigne principis in Coemiterio Divi + Pauli. MDCLXXXIV." + Dedicated to Dr. Whistlero + (Dubam, Londini, 7th Apr. 1684). + + 2. "Davidis Abercromby, M.D. + De variatione, ac varietate Pulsus Observationes + accessit ejusdem authoris + Nova Medicinae + tum Speculativae, + Tum Practicae Clavis + Sive ars + Explorandi Medicae Plantarum ac Corporum + quorum--cumque Facultatis + ex solo sapore.--Imp. Samuel Smith. + Londini, MDCLXXXV. in 8vo." + Dedicated to Robert Boyle. + + 3. "Davidis Abercrombii, + Scoto-Britanni + Philosoph. ac Med. Doct. + Fur Academicus. + Amstelodami, apud Abrahamum + Wolfgang, 1689." + Dedicated to Jacobus Cuperus + (classis ex India nuper + reducis archithalasso.) + + [Footnote 3: These are now under the care of Professor N. C. Kist + of Leyden. It is to be regretted that they are not printed.] + +Here is a list of the Abercrombys who have studied at Leyden, with the +dates of their matriculation:-- + + "6. Oct. 1713. Alexander Abercromby, Scotus, an. 21. Stud. Juris." + + "25. Oct. 1724. Georgius Abercromby, an. 21, et Jacobus + Abercromby, an. 20, Scoto-Britanni, Stud. Juris. Residing with + Beeck in the Brustraet." + + "18. Nov. 1724. Jacobus Abercromby, Scotus, an. 24. Stud. Juris. + Resides with S. Rosier, in the Moorstug." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Georgius Abercromby, Scoto-Britannus, an. 22. Stud. + Juris. Apud J. Boudar, in the Brustraet." + + "3. Aug. 1725. Jacobus Abercromby, Scoto-Brit., an. 20. Stud. + Juris. Apud eundem." + +There is no other dissertation or work of the Abercrombys in the library +or the university here. + + ELSEVIR. + + Leyden. + + [We are indebted to the kindness of the Editor of the _Navorscher_ + for this extract from his forthcoming number.] + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Dacre Monument at Hurstmonceux_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.)--E. V. asks for the +names of the bearers of the following coats of arms on the monument to +the Dacre family in Hurstmonceux church. I beg to supply them: + +1. Sab. a cross or. Havenell. + +2. Barry of six arg. and az. a bend gules. Grey. + +3. Arg. a fess gules. Doddingsells. + +4. Quarterly or and gules an escarbuncle of eight rays floratty sab. +Mandeville, first Earl of Essex. Granted 1139. + +5. Barry of six arg. and gules. Bayouse. + +6. Az. an inescocheon in an orle of martlets or. Schatterset and +Walcott. + +I cannot find one with the inescocheon charged. + +In the following page, 479., J. D. S. asks the name of the bearer of a +coat in the great east window of the choir of Exeter cathedral, viz. +argent, a cross between four crescents gules. I beg to inform him that +arg. a cross _engrailed_ between four crescents gules belongs to +Bernham. Also, that arg. a cross _flory_ between four crescents gules, +belongs to the name of Tylly, or Tyllet, or Tillegh, of Dorsetshire. + + H. C. K. + + ---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., pp. 46. 93.).--An instance +of what may be considered as an early example of a book-plate, occurs +pasted upon the fly-leaf of a MS. in the College amongst Philpot's +_Collections_ (marked P. e. 15.), being an engraving of a blank shield, +with a helmet and lambrequin, and a compartment for the motto; the whole +surrounded by a border ornamented with flowers; altogether well +engraved. The shield contains six quarterings, very neatly sketched with +pen and ink; and the helmet is surmounted by a crest, also neatly +sketched. In the upper part of the border, occupying a space evidently +intended to be filled up, is the autograph of "Joseph Holand;" while a +similar space in the lower part contains the date of "1585" in the same +hand, in which also the motto "Fortitudo mea Deus," is written within +the compartment above mentioned. The following, which is a collateral +proof of the age of the book-plate, is likewise an autograph title to +the MS.: + + "In this booke are conteyned the armes of the nobylytye of Ireland + and of certeyne gentilmen of the same countrye. Joseph Holand, + 1585." + +This Joseph Holand was father of Philip Holand, who was Portcullis +_tempore_ James I., and Gibbon, Bluemantle, says he was a "collector of +rarities." + +By the kindness of an antiquarian friend I have three impressions of +different book-plates of the celebrated Pepys. I am not aware that they +are rare; but one is curious, as consisting merely of his initials "S. +P." in ornamented Roman capitals, elegantly and tastefully interlaced +with two anchors and cables, with his motto in a scroll above them. + + THOMAS WILLIAM KING, York Herald. + + College of Arms. + +_Sermon of Bishop Jeremy Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 251.).--I beg to +acknowledge the favor of MR. CROSSLEY'S communication (which, from an +accident, I have only just seen) respecting a sermon of Bishop Taylor's, +and to inform him that I have been intending to produce it in the +concluding volume (vol. i. of the series), which will contain several +small pieces. I have been aware of the existence of it from the first, +the volume in question being in the Bodleian Catalogue. + +May I take the opportunity of adding, how much I feel obliged by any +communication respecting Bishop Taylor's Works. + + C. PAGE EDEN. + +_Moonlight_ (Vol. iv., p. 273.).--The effects of the moonlight on animal +matter is well known to the inhabitants of warm climates. I remember +that when I resided in Bermuda, if the meat (which was usually hung out +at night) was exposed to the rays of the moon it putrified directly. I +was frequently cautioned by the inhabitants to beware of the moon +shining upon me when asleep, as it caused the most dangerous and +virulent fevers. Another curious power of the moonlight was that of +developing temporary blindness, caused by the glare of the sun on bright +objects. I have often seen persons stumbling and walking as quite blind, +in a moonlight so bright I could see to read by; these were principally +soldiers who had been employed during the day working on the fort and on +the white stone. On hearing the surgeon of the regiment mention that +two-thirds of the men were troubled with it, causing a greater amount of +night-work as sentries to the few who were able to see at night, I +suggested to him the following plan mentioned in a story I had read many +years before in _Blackwood_:-- + + "A pirate ship in those latitudes was several times nearly + captured, owing to all the men being moon-blind at night; the + captain ordered all his men to bind up one eye during the day, and + by this means they could see with that eye to navigate the ship at + night." + +My friend the surgeon tried the experiment, and found bandaging the eyes +at night, and giving them complete rest, restored in time their sight at +moonlight. + + M. E. C. T. + +That the light of the moon accelerates putrefaction is more than an +unfounded popular opinion. I have heard it repeatedly asserted by +observant and sober-minded naval officers as a fact, established by +experience in tropical climates. Their constant testimony was, that when +there is no moon the fresh meat is hung over the stern of the ship at +night for coolness; but if this is done when the moon shines, the meat +becomes unfit to eat. + +The Query will probably elicit an answer from some one able to speak +more directly upon the subject. It well deserves further inquiry. + + T. C. + + Durham, Oct. 15. + +_Flatman and Pope_ (Vol. iv., pp. 209. 283.).--"The Thought on Death," +by Flatman, is referred to by Wharton, Bowles, and other editors of +Pope. Flatman's _Poems_ were first printed in 1674; 2ndly, 1676; 3rdly, +1682; and 4thly and lastly, 1686. The above occurs in the first edition. + +For an account of Flatman, see Walpole's _Anecdotes of Painters_, vol. +iii. p. 20., ed. 1765; Granger's _Biog. Hist._; and Wood's _Athenae_. + +Some verses by him on his son, who died 1682, aged ten years, and +inscribed on his monument in St. Bride's Church, will be found in Stow +by Strype, vol. i. p. 740. ed. 1754. + +Flatman wrote a preface to Shipman's _Poems_, and verses to Sanderson's +_Graphice_, fol.; also to Walton in Chalkhill's _Thealma and Clearchus_, +and Johnson's (Wm.) _Narrative of Deliverance at Sea_, 18mo. 3d edit. +1672. + + [Greek: p.] + +_Berlin Time_ (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--Is your correspondent very sure that +the astronomers of France, Germany, Italy, and Spain begin the day at +midnight? I turn to Herschel's _Outlines of Astronomy_ (p. 86.), and I +find that astronomers (without any limitation) commenced their day at +noon. Sir John Herschel is inclined to think that it would be better to +commence at midnight with the world at large. Surely if the foreign +astronomers _already did this_, he would not have failed to cite their +example, and to remind the English astronomers that they stood alone; +but of this he does not give the smallest hint. + + A LEARNER. + +Your correspondent DX. is mistaken in supposing that "foreigners +ordinarily commence the astronomical day at midnight." + +With respect to France, in the _Explication et Usage des Articles de la +Connaissance des Temps_ it is expressly stated: "Le jour astronomique +_commence a midi_." + +And in the explanation appended to the _Berlin Jahrbuch_, it is in like +manner distinctly laid down: + + "The time which must be always understood, unless it is otherwise + particularly expressed, is the mean time of the meridian of the + New Berlin Observatory, which is taken to be 44m 14.0s eastward of + Paris, and 53m 35.5s eastward of Greenwich. _The beginning of the + day is at noon._" + +The _civil_ day always commences at the midnight preceding this +_astronomical_ day. + +It follows that Sept. 17, 3h 40m 30s Greenwich mean time, is simply +Sept. 17, 4h 34m 5.5s Berlin mean time. + + T. C. + + Durham. + +_Ruined Churches_ (Vol. iv., p. 261.).--The old church of St. John +in the Wilderness, near Exmouth, can hardly be said to be _in +ruins_, in the sense before implied with regard to marriages, &c. +It is _dilapidated_, and almost deserted; but on visiting it a few +days since, I found it securely locked, the nave weather tight, +and sufficiently furnished for baptisms, marriages, and burials, +with surplice, two Prayer Books, Bible, table, font, bier, and +bell. They had certainly all seen their best days; but on that +account perhaps they are supposed to be more in keeping with the +general state of the venerable fabric. + +It is, in fact, the mother church of others in the vicinity, which are +only chapels of ease; but as the population increased around them, and +fell away, from some cause or other, from the precincts of the old +church, it seems to have been deserted and dismantled of everything but +what is barely necessary for burials, and an occasional wedding and +baptism. It is the south aisle only which has been removed, and that by +authority, many years ago; but certainly, it has on that side, and from +the want of glass in the fine tower window, a desolate and ruinous +appearance. In the churchyard there is a most venerable specimen of a +noble yew-tree. + + H. T. E. + + Clyst St. George, Oct. 10. 1851. + +_Italian Writer on Political Economy--Death of Carli_ (Vol. iv., p. +175.).--It is inquired, "What was the first work by an Italian writer on +any element of political economy? and in what year did Carli, the +celebrated economist, die?" The latter question I at once answer by +stating that it was on the 22d of February, 1795, in his seventy-fifth +year, having been born at Cape d'Istria, an episcopal town of Illyria, +April, 1720, of a noble family. His collected works, embracing almost +the _omne scibile_, were published in 1784-1794, nineteen octavo +volumes, at Milan, _Delle Opere del Signor Gianrinaldo Conte Carli, +Presidente Emerito del Supremo Conciglio di Pubblica Economia, &c._ The +first publication, confined to fifteen volumes, was extended to nineteen +by him, _Delle Antichita Italiche, con Appendice, de' Documenti, &c._, +1793-1795. Few writers have exceeded him in the variety of his subjects, +which combined the drama, poetry, translations, history, philosophy, the +monetary system, political economy, &c. As to your correspondent ALPHA'S +first inquiry, it will be satisfactorily answered by consulting the +collection printed at Milan in 1803, _Scrittori Classici Italiani_, +first volume of the fifty in 8vo., to which the entire extend up to that +period, since when several have appeared. + + J. R. + + Cork. + +_Epigram ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--The four +lines inscribed in the copy of Sallust mentioned by C., and which have +been _supposed_ to be the composition of the Queen of Scots, will be +found in the second book of Ovid's _Amores_, Elegia 18, ll. 5-8. + + C. W. G. + +_Surplices_ (Vol. iv., p. 192.).--In reference to the origin, use, &c. +of this and other ecclesiastical vestments, let J. Y. consult the +following authorities:--Bona, _Rerum Liturgicarum_, lib. i. cap. 24.; +Gerberti _Vetus Liturgia Alemannica_, tom. i. disquisit. iii. cap 3.; +Goar, _Rituale Graecum_; Du Cange's _Glossary_; and, _Ferrarius de Re +Vestiaria_. The information on the subject, hence to be obtained, is +briefly epitomised in the appendix to Palmer's _Antiq. of the English +Liturgy_. Let J. Y. also look at Hawkins' _Hist. Music_, vol. ii. p. +432.; vol. iii. p. 71.; likewise at Bishop Challoner's _Garden of the +Soul_, pp. x. 123. (edit. 1824); and, if he have a full abundance of +leisure, with sufficient resolution to abandon it to an undertaking so +pregnant with instructiveness, let him too, by all means, "explore with +curious search" the controversial writings of the early periods of +Puritanism, on the sadly vexed question of the habits of the clergy, to +which he will find abundant reference in all our Anglican church +histories. + + COWGILL. + +_Continental Watchmen and their Songs_ (Vol. iv., p. 206.).-- + + THE MANNER OF WATCHMEN INTIMATING THE + TIME AT HERRNHUTH, GERMANY. + + Past eight o'clock! O Herrnhuth, do thou ponder: + Eight souls in Noah's ark were living yonder. + 'Tis nine o'clock: ye brethren, hear it striking; + Keep hearts and houses clean, to our Saviour's liking. + Now brethren, hear, the clock is ten and passing: + None rest but such as wait for Christ embracing. + Eleven is past! still at this hour of eleven, + The Lord is calling us from earth to heaven. + Ye, brethren, hear, the midnight clock is humming: + At midnight our great Bridegroom will be coming. + Past one o'clock! the day breaks out of darkness; + Great morning star appear, and break our hardness! + 'Tis two! on Jesus wait this silent season, + Ye two so near related, Will and Reason. + The clock is three! the blessed Three doth merit + The best of praise, from body, soul, and spirit. + 'Tis four o'clock, when three make supplication + The Lord will be the fourth on that occasion. + Five is the clock! five virgins were discarded, + When five with wedding garments were rewarded. + The clock is six, and I go off my station; + Now, brethren, _watch yourselves for your salvation_. + + F. B. RELTON. + +_Horology_ (Vol. iv., p. 175.).--H. C. K. inquires for the best +_scientific_ work on horology. In my searches after the history of time +keeping in all ages, I found none more useful than a little tract, the +production of a watchmaker, and to be had at 81. Fleet Street. The +_Mirror_ of 1824 contains some interesting notes on this subject. + + C. R. + + Paternoster Row. + +_The Aneroid Barometer_ (Vol. iv., p. 295.).--The intended signification +of this name, "aneroid," can of course be only determined by the person +who conferred it; upon any less direct authority the derivation quoted +from Mr. Dent's description can scarcely be received. The meaning of +[Greek: neros] is _moist_, rather than _fluid_; but even admitting the +latter signification, then the last syllable ought surely to be +referred, not to [Greek: eidos], but to its root [Greek: eido] (scio); +_perceivable without fluid_ being a much better characteristic than _a +form without fluid_. + +But taking into consideration the peculiar construction of this sort of +barometer, its flexible diaphragm supported from within against the +pressure of the atmosphere, may not its name have been derived from +[Greek: ana] (adversus), [Greek: aer] (aer), and [Greek: oidos] (tumor)? + + A. E. B. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +_The Chronological New Testament, in which the Text of the Authorised +Version is newly divided into Paragraphs and Sections, with the Dates +and Places of Transactions marked, the Marginal Renderings of the +Translators, many Parallel Illustrative Passages printed at length, +brief Introductions to each Book, and a Running Analysis of the +Epistles_, is another and most praiseworthy attempt "to make our +invaluable English version more intelligible to devout students of the +Word of God," by the various helps in arrangement and printing set forth +in the ample title-page which we have just transcribed. All such +endeavors to increase that "knowledge which maketh wise unto salvation" +carry within themselves the elements of success; and we shall be the +more glad to find that the present work meets with the patronage it +deserves, as we may then look for the Old Testament on the same plan. + +Those of our readers who remember the parallel which Bishop Ken drew +between himself and + + Bless'd Gregory, whose patriarchal height + Shed on the Eastern sphere celestial light, + +and who may desire to read the life of him whom that great ornament of +our Church chose for his model, will thank us for drawing their +attention to _Gregory of Nazianzum--a Contribution to the Ecclesiastical +History of the Fourth Century_, by Professor Ullman of Heidelberg, which +has just been translated by Mr. G. V. Cox. The translator has for the +present confined himself to that part of Dr. Ullman's volume which +relates to the life of Gregory, and is therefore more attractive to the +general reader; the dogmatic part, or the statements and examination of +Gregory's theological opinions, being for the present withheld. In this +we think Mr. Cox has done wisely, since we have no doubt that the +present volume will be read with great interest by many who will gladly +dwell upon the life and practice of this distinguished Father of the +Church, but who would be turned aside from its perusal, from their +unwillingness or inability to enter upon any such investigation as is +implied in the critical examination of Gregory's theological opinions. + +We have again to thank Dr. Latham for an important contribution towards +a proper knowledge of our own tongue; and it would be difficult to point +out a more successful combination of ethnological and philological +knowledge than is exhibited in his newly-published _Hand-book of the +English Language, for the Use of Students of the Universities and Higher +Classes of Schools_. We cannot of course enter into any analysis of a +work which is as replete with interest and amusement as it is with +instruction; but we may point out as peculiarly deserving of attention +the first part, which treats of the Germanic origin of the English +language; and the second, which treats of its history and analysis. We +are glad to see Dr. Latham's view of the Frisian share in the invasion +of this country. + +The commendations so universally bestowed upon Mr. Grant for the +research, accuracy, and picturesque interest displayed in his _Memorials +of the Castle of Edinburgh_, and his _Memoirs of Sir W. Kirkaldy of +Grange_, may be extended to him for his _Memoirs and Adventures of Sir +John Hepburn, Knight, Governor of Munich, Marshal of France under Louis +XIII., and Commander of the Scots Brigade under Gustavus Adolphus_. He +has on this, as on former occasions, the advantage of a new and +interesting subject; and by grouping round his hero--whose conduct and +bravery won for him the reputation of being esteemed the best of that +warlike age, next to Gustavus himself--all the great leaders in that +struggle for the liberties of Germany, the Thirty Years' War--he has +produced a volume which will be read with great interest, not only for +the picture it exhibits of the distinguished soldier of fortune who +forms its immediate subject, but also for its record of the services of +the Scottish troops who served in the German wars under Gustavus +Adolphus. + +_A Little Earnest Book upon a Great Old Subject_, in which Mr. Wilson +endeavors to pourtray the thoughts and feelings of the poet, will be +read with pleasure by all who agree with him that poetry rightly +understood is associated with everything that is eternal and just, true +and elevating, tender and loving. It is a little book of quaint and +pleasant thoughts, quaintly got up, and beautifully illustrated. + +Mr. Mitchell, of Bond Street, announces a beautifully illustrated work +on _The Parables of our Saviour_, to be engraved in the line manner by +the best artists from the designs of Franklin. + +The Sales of Books, &c., those heralds of the coming winter, are +beginning. Messrs. Puttick and Simpson commence this day a six days' +sale of valuable books removed from the country, including many curious +and rare works. On Monday Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will commence +their season by selling a portion of the valuable library of a gentleman +deceased, which will occupy them for four days; and on Monday and the +fifteen following days Messrs. Foster and Son will be engaged in the +disposal of that matchless series of examples of Mediaeval Architecture, +and of other objects of decorative art, remarkable alike for their +beauty, rarity, and historical value, so long known as the _Cottingham +Museum_. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 30. +of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. and 131. Old Street) List of +Miscellaneous English Books. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for +a copy in good condition.) + +CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. + +A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY +NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. + +ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in +1825. + +JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. + +BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. + +BRITISH POETS (CHALMERS', Vol. X.) London, 1810. + +CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. + +CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. + +D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. III. London, 1842. + +ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. + +HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. + +HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. + +MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge, Vol. +XVII.) + +ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. + +SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition. + +SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI. (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. + +SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. + +SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. + +CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. + +Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. + +A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. + +A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF +COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. + +POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. + +ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. + +MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. + +SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V. + +SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. + +SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols. V. VI. 8vo. + +JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (One or +more copies.) + +THE ANTIQUARY. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1816. Vols. I. and II. + +HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF TWICKENHAM, being the First Part of Parochial +Collections for the County of Middlesex, begun in 1780 by E. Ironside, +Esq., London, 1797. (This work forms 1 vol. of Miscell. Antiquities in +continuation of the Bib. Topographica, and is usually bound in the 10th +Volume.) + +[Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage +free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. +Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Although we have this week again enlarged our Paper to 24 pages, we +have to apologise for the omission of many interesting articles._ DR. +LOTSKY'S "Panslavic Literature and the British Museum," _and the +communication of a Subscriber to the Anglo-Catholic Library on Bishop +Overall's_ Convocation Book, _shall appear next week. Where may we send +the latter a proof?_ + +C. (Jamaica) _will find the history of the line from Philip Gualtier's_ +"Alexandreis,"-- + + "Incidis in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim," + +_in our_ 2nd Vol. pp. 85. 136. 141. + +A LIVERPOOL CORRESPONDENT. _Yes, as many as he takes the box for. Neat +wines means pure wines._ + +W. F.'s _very valuable suggestion shall not be lost sight of._ + +AEGROTUS. _The Moonlight reply was in type for last Number, but omitted +from want of room. The parallel was a very fair one; but those to whom +it was not obvious might have misconstrued the allusion._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_Grimsdyke--Pasquinade--Charles II. and Written +Sermons--Welwood Memoirs--Sheridan's MS. Drama--Execution at +Durham--Caxton Memorial--The Rev. Mr. Gay--Duke of Monmouth's Pocket +Book--Serpent with Human Head--Childe Harold--Peter Wilkins, +&c.--Meaning of Dray--Pauper's Badge--Burke's Mighty Boar of the +Forest--Godfrey Higgins' Works, &c.--Poetic Imitations--Cognation of the +Jews and Lacedaemonians--Bourchier Family--Curious Monumental +Inscription--A little Bird told me--Colonies in England--Pharetram de +Tutesbit--Coleridge's Christabel--Cagots--Touching for the Evil--Three +Estates of the Realm--Wat the Hare--Flemish account--Mary Queen of +Scots--Termination "-aster"--Medical Use of Pigeons--Bess of Hardwicke._ + +_Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestions of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price_ 9_s._ 6_d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is 10s. 2d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favour of our Publisher,_ MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet +Street; _to whose care all communications for the Editor should be +addressed._ + +_Errata._--In the article "_Panslavic_ Sketches," l. 2. for "late_nt_" +read "late_st_;" l. 6. for "T_i_ssalonichi" read "T_e_ssalonichi;" and +l. 9. for "historical" read "_ante-historical_." Page 313. col. 2. l. +46. for "repent_i_" read "repent_e_." + + + + +MISS STRICKLAND'S NEW SERIES OF ROYAL BIOGRAPHIES. + + LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, and English Princesses connected + with the Regal Succession of Great Britain. + + Two Volumes are published, containing the Lives of Margaret Tudor, + Magdaline of France, Mary of Lorraine, and Margaret Countess of + Lennox. + + Vol. III. will contain the first part of the Life of Mary Queen of + Scots. + + To be completed in 6 vols., price 10_s._ 6_d._ each, with + Portraits and Historical Vignettes. + + WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + +CRABB'S TECHNICAL DICTIONARY. + + This day is published, in 1 vol. foolscap 8vo., price 7_s._ 6_d._ + extra cloth, with numerous woodcut illustrations, + + A TECHNICAL DICTIONARY; or, a Dictionary explaining all terms of + Art and Science. By GEORGE CRABB, Esq., M.A., Author of the + "Universal Technological Dictionary," "Dictionary of Synonymes," + &c. + + London: W. MAXWELL, 32. Bell Yard, Lincoln's Inn. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +Musical Education. + + A CATALOGUE OF STANDARD WORKS, which are approved by the most + eminent Teachers of Music, has just been published by Her + Majesty's music publishers, ROBERT COCKS & CO. These selected + works are remarkable for the interest they afford to the pupils, + whose love and attention are at once engaged, and their rapid + progress ensured. All who are engaged in the tuition of the young + will save themselves much time and trouble by obtaining this list, + which may be had gratis and postage free. + + London: ROBERT COCKS & CO. New Burlington Street. + + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD. + + On the 1st December, 1851, will be published, in imperial 4to., + handsomely bound, price Two Guineas, + + PARABLES OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR, + + JESUS CHRIST, illustrated, in Twelve Designs, by JOHN FRANKLIN, + and engraved in Line by P. Lightfoot, W. H. Watt, A. 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Piccadilly, on WEDNESDAY, + November 12, the valuable Effects of the late Stanesby Alchorne, + Esq., of the Tower, including his Numismatic Library, very + important MSS. relating to Mint affairs, Royal and other + Autographs (47 of Sir Isaac Newton), the celebrated Hydrostatic + Balance made for the adjustment of the Standard in 1758, a most + important series of Weights, including the original and unique + Troy Pound, the collection of Coins, Medals in gold, silver, and + bronze, in the finest condition, many being patterns and + proofs.--Catalogues will be sent on application: if in the + country, on receipt of four stamps. + + +ALMANACKS FOR 1852. + + WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with + Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public + Worship for every day in the year, with blank spaces for + Memoranda: A list of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the + Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; + Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars + respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with + Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars + of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, + &c. 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Together with a complete + List of all the Foundation and Grammar Schools, with an Account of + the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is + added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of + Council on Education, and the various Training Institutions for + Teachers; compiled from original sources. + + WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six + pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; + Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat + wrapper. + + JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. + + +THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. + + The Best Congou Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. + The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " + The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " + The Fine True Ripe Rich Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " + + 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by + + PHILLIPS & CO. TEA MERCHANTS, + + No. 8. 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Philip Killand, M.A., Professor of + Mathematics, University of Edinburgh; Rev. John Fleming, D.D., + Professor of Natural Science, New College, Edinburgh; Rev. Thomas + Luby, Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; James Thomson, + LL.D., Professor of Mathematics, University of Glasgow. + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the Best and most approved + Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern; with Critical and + Historical Notices regarding them and their Authors, and an Essay + on Scottish Song. With engraved Frontispiece and Title. + + "The neatest and most comprehensive collection of Scottish + minstrelsy, ancient and modern."--_Edinburgh Advertiser._ + + +Handsomely bound in cloth, gilt edges, 9_s._; Morocco elegant, 11_s._ + + BOOK OF SCOTTISH BALLADS; a Comprehensive Collection of the + Ballads of Scotland, with numerous Illustrative Notes, by the + Editor of "The Book of Scottish Song." With engraved Frontispiece + and Title. + + "A rich and valuable collection--accompanied by critical and + bibliographical illustrations which add largely to the interest of + the volume."--_John Bull._ + + BLACKIE & SON, Queen Street, Glasgow; South College Street, + Edinburgh; and Warwick Square, London. + + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + VASARI'S LIVES of the PAINTERS, SCULPTORS, and ARCHITECTS, + translated by MRS. FOSTER. Vol. 4. Post 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ + + Of this work the Westminster and Foreign Quarterly says, "The + enthralling Biographies of Vasari--biographies which from their + peculiar diversity and fascination have caused the late + unfortunate Haydon to exclaim with enthusiasm, 'If I were confined + to three books, in a desert island, I would certainly choose the + Bible, Shakespeare, and Vasari.'" + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + LUCRETIUS, literally translated into English Prose, with Notes, by + the Rev. J. S. WATSON; to which is adjoined the Metrical Version + of JOHN MASON GOOD. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + DR. MANTELL'S PETRIFACTIONS and their TEACHINGS; an illustrated + Hand-book to the Fossils in the BRITISH MUSEUM, numerous beautiful + Wood Engravings. Post 8vo. 6_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR NOVEMBER. + + REDDING'S HISTORY and DESCRIPTION of WINES. New and revised + Edition, with 20 beautiful Woodcuts, and Frontispiece engraved on + steel. Post 8vo. 5_s._ + + HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6, York Street, Covent Garden. + + +Cloth, One Shilling, pp. 160. + + WELSH SKETCHES, chiefly ECCLESIASTICAL, to the Close of the + Twelfth Century. By the Author of "Proposals for Christian Union, + &c." + + CONTENTS:--1. Bardism. 2. The Kings of Wales. 3. The Welsh Church. + 4. Monastic Institutions. 5. Giraldus Cambrensis. + + JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + +NEW WORKS, + + PUBLISHED BY + + TAYLOR, WALTON, AND MABERLY. + + BUFF'S LETTERS ON THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH, By Dr. A. W. HOFMANN. + Foolscap 8vo, 5_s._ cloth. + + LARDNER ON THE STEAM ENGINE, STEAM NAVIGATION, ROADS AND RAILWAYS. + New and Cheap Edition. Large 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LATHAM'S HANDBOOK OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 12mo. 8_s._ 6_d._ + cloth. + + LARDNER'S HANDBOOK OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND ASTRONOMY. First + Course. Large 12mo. 12_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + LIEBIG'S FAMILIAR LETTERS ON CHEMISTRY. New and Cheap Edition. + With additional Letters. One Volume. fcap. 8vo. 6_s._ cloth. + + DE MORGAN'S BOOK OF ALMANACKS: with Index, by which the Almanack + belonging to any year preceding A.D. 2000 can be found; with means + of finding New and Full Moons from B.C. 2000 to A.D. 2000. Oblong + 8vo. 5_s._ cloth. + + DR. GREGORY'S LETTERS TO A CANDID ENQUIRER ON ANIMAL MAGNETISM. + 12mo. 9_s._ 6_d._ cloth. + + DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES OF WORKS in SCIENCE AND GENERAL LITERATURE, + and of SCHOOL and COLLEGE BOOKS, published by TAYLOR, WALTON, and + MABERLY. 4to. By post (free) to anyone writing for them. + + London: 28. Upper Gower Street, and 27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row. + + +The late MR. COTTINGHAM'S Museum of Mediaeval Art. + + MESSRS. FOSTER & SON are directed by the Executors of the Late L. + N. Cottingham, Esq., F.S.A., to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, + 43. Waterloo-bridge Road, on MONDAY, November 3, and about 15 + following days (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the COTTINGHAM + MUSEUM; comprising a most ample and varied Series of Examples of + Mediaeval Architecture, of the Anglo-Norman, early English, + decorated, perpendicular, and Elizabethan periods; also + Fac-similes of some of the finest Monuments of the 13th, 14th, and + 15th Centuries. In Furniture, Metal Work, Stained Glass, and + various other Departments of Decorative Art, this Collection is + rich in objects remarkable for their Beauty, Rarity, and Historic + Value. + + Illustrated Catalogues, at 1_s._ each, may be had of MESSRS. + FOSTER, 54. Pall Mall, 14 days before the Sale. The view will be + on and after the 27th of October. + + +On 1st November, price 2_s._ + + NO. LXXI. OF THE ECCLESIASTIC. + + Contents: + + 1. ELEMENTARY THEOLOGY--WESTCOTT AND CHRETIEN. + 2. BIRK'S LIFE OF BICKERSTETH. + 3. ERASTIANISM. + 4. ANTICHRIST, AND THE BABYLON OF THE APOCALYPSE. + 5. SYNODICAL ACTION. + + Reviews and Notices. + + London: J. MASTERS, Aldersgate Street and New Bond Street. + + +This day, No. 13., Imperial 4to. price 2_s._ 6_d._, (continued monthly), + + DETAILS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE, + + Measured and drawn from existing examples, by J. K. COLLING, Architect. + + Contents: + + E.E. Exterior of Clerestory, West Walton Church, Norfolk, + " South Porch ditto ditto. + " Plan and Details ditto ditto. + DEC. Window from St. Stephen's Church, near Canterbury. + " Parclose Screen, Geddington Church, Northamptonshire. + PER. Lectern from Hawstead Church, Suffolk. + + London: DAVID BOGUE and GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 1. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +105, November 1, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 1, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39076.txt or 39076.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/0/7/39076/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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