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diff --git a/39197.txt b/39197.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..44137e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/39197.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2685 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, +November 22, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, November 22, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: March 19, 2012 [EBook #39197] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 22, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been +standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A +list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the +end.] + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + +VOL. IV.--No. 108. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + Page + + + NOTES:-- + + Age of Trees 401 + + Lines attributed to Admiral Byng 403 + + A Chapter on Emblems 403 + + Folk Lore:--Music at Funerals--Cheshire Folk Lore + and Superstition 404 + + Minor Notes:--Talented--Anagram--Dictionary of + Hackneyed Quotations 405 + + QUERIES:-- + + Masters and Marshals of the Ceremonies 405 + + Minor Queries:--Cause of Transparency--Gold Medal + of the Late Duke of York--Compositions during the + Protectorate--Bristol Tables--Macfarlane's Geographical + Collection--"Acu tinali meridi"--Sir Joshua + Reynolds--Great Plough at Castor Church--Church + of St. Bene't Fink--Inscription on a Pair of + Spectacles--Campbell--Family of Cordeux--Panelling + Inscription--Infantry Firing 406 + + REPLIES:-- + + The Reverend Richard Farmer, by Bolton Corney 407 + + Anglo-Catholic Library 408 + + General James Wolfe 409 + + Punishment of Edward of Caernarvon by his Father--Character + of Edward I. 409 + + Elizabeth Joceline's Legacy to an Unborne Child 410 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Coleridge's + "Christabel"--Dryden; Illustrations by T. Holt + White--Lofcop, Meaning of--Middleton's Epigrams + and Satyres--Lord Edward Fitzgerald--Earwig--Sanderson + and Taylor--Island of AEgina and the Temple of Jupiter + Panhellinius--The Broad Arrow--Consecration of Bishops + in Sweden--Meaning of Spon--Quaker Expurgated + Bible--Cozens the Painter--Authors of the Homilies 410 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 413 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 413 + + Notices to Correspondents 414 + + Advertisements 414 + + + + +Notes. + + +AGE OF TREES. + +Alexander von Humboldt, in his work entitled _Views of Nature_ (pp. 220. +268-276. ed. Bohn), has some interesting remarks on the age of trees. + + "In vegetable forms (he says) _massive size_ is indicative of age; + and in the vegetable kingdom alone are age and the manifestation + of an ever-renewed vigour linked together." + +Following up this remark, he refers to specimens of the Baobab +(_Adansonia digitata_), with trunks measuring more than thirty feet in +diameter, the age of which is estimated by Adanson at 5150 years. All +calculations of the age of a tree, founded merely on the _size of its +trunk_, are, however, uncertain, unless the law of its growth, and the +limits of the variation producible by peculiar circumstances, are +ascertained, which, in the case of the Adansonia, have not been +determined. For the same reason, the calculation of 2,500 years for a +gigantic cypress in Persia, mentioned by Evelyn in his _Silva_, is of no +value. + +Humboldt afterwards refers to "the more certain estimations yielded by +_annular rings_, and by the relation found to exist between the +thickness of the layer of wood and the duration of growth;" which, he +adds, give us shorter periods for our temperate northern zone. The +calculation of the age of a tree, founded on its successive rings, +appears to be quite certain; and whenever these can be counted, the age +of a tree can be determined without risk of error. Humboldt quotes a +statement from Endlicher, that "in Lithuania linden (or lime) trees have +been felled which measured 87 feet round, and in which 815 annular rings +have been counted." The section of a trunk of a silver fir, which grew +near Barr, is preserved in the Museum at Strasburg: its diameter was +eight feet close to the ground, and the number of rings is said to +amount to several hundreds. + +Unfortunately this mode of determining a tree's age cannot be applied to +a living tree; and it is only certain where the tree is sound at the +heart. Where a tree has become hollow from old age, the rings near the +centre, which constitute a part of the evidence of its duration, no +longer exist. Hence the age of the great oak of Saintes, in the +department of the Charente Inferieure, which measures twenty-three feet +in diameter five feet from the ground, and is large enough to contain a +small chamber, can only be estimated; and the antiquity of 1800 or 2000 +years, which is assigned to it, must rest on an uncertain conjecture. + +Decandolle lays it down that, of all European trees, the _yew_ attains +the greatest age; and he assigns an antiquity of thirty centuries to the +_Taxus baccata_ of Braburn in Kent; from twenty-five to thirty centuries +to the Scotch yew of Fortingal; and fourteen and a half and twelve +centuries respectively to those of Crowhurst in Surrey and Ripon +(Fountains Abbey) in Yorkshire. These ages are fixed by a conjecture +founded on the _size_, which can lead to no certain result. + +Can any of your correspondents state what is the greatest number of +rings which have been actually counted in any yew, or other tree, which +has grown in the British Isles, or elsewhere? It Is only by actual +enumeration that vegetable chronology can be satisfactorily determined: +but if the rings in many trees were counted, some relation between the +number of rings and the diameter of the trunk, for each species, might +probably be laid down within certain limits. These rings, being annually +deposited, form a natural chronicle of time, by which the age of a tree +is determined with as much precision as the lapse of human events is +determined by the cotemporaneous registration of annalists. Hence Milton +speaks of "monumental oak." Evelyn, who has devoted a long chapter of +his _Silva_ to an investigation of the age of trees (b. iii. c. iii.), +founds his inferences chiefly on their _size_; but he cites the +following remark from Dr. Goddard: + + "It is commonly and very probably asserted, that a tree gains a + new ring every year. In the body of a great oak in the New Forest, + cut transversely even, (where many of the trees are accounted to + be some hundreds of years old) three and four hundred have been + distinguished."--Vol. ii. p. 202. ed. Hunter. + +A delineation and description of the largest and most celebrated trees +of Great Britain may be seen in the interesting work of Jacob George +Strutt, entitled _Sylva Britannica, or Portraits of Forest Trees, +distinguished for their Antiquity, Magnitude, or Beauty_: London, 1822, +folio. + +The age of some trees is determined by historical records, in the same +manner that we know the age of an ancient building, as the Parthenon, +the Colosseum, or the Tower of London. It is, however, important that +such historical evidence should be carefully scrutinised; for trees +which are known to be of great antiquity sometimes give rise to fabulous +legends, destitute of any foundation in fact. Such, for example, was the +plane-tree near Caphyae, in Arcadia, seen by Pausanias in the second +century after Christ, which was reported by the inhabitants to have been +planted by Menelaus when he was collecting the army for the expedition +against Troy. (_Paus._ VIII. 23.) Such too, doubtless, was the oak of +Mamre, where the angels were said to have appeared to Abraham. +(_Sozomen_, ii. 3.) A rose-tree growing in the crypt of the cathedral of +Hildesheim is referred, by a church-legend, to a date anterior to 1061; +which would imply an age of more than 800 years, but the evidence +adduced seems scarcely sufficient to identify the existing rose-tree +with the rose-tree of 1061. (See _Humboldt_, p. 275.) + +In other cases, however, the historical evidence extant, if not +altogether free from doubt, is sufficient to carry the age of a tree +back to a remote date. The Swilcar Lawn oak, in Needwood Forest, +Staffordshire, is stated by Strutt, p. 2., "to be known by historical +documents to be at this time [1822] six hundred years old; and it is +still far from being in the last stage of decay." Of a great elm growing +at Chipstead Place in Kent, he says: "Its appearance altogether savours +enough of antiquity to bear out the tradition annexed to it, that in the +time of Henry V. a fair was held annually under its branches; the high +road from Rye in Sussex to London then passing close by it." (P. 5.) If +this tradition be authentic, the elm in question must have been a large +and wide-spreading tree in the years 1413-22. A yew-tree at Ankerwyke +House, near Staines, is supposed to be of great antiquity. There is a +tradition that Henry VIII. occasionally met Anne Boleyn under its +branches: but it is not stated how high this tradition ascends. (_Ib._, +p. 8.) The Abbot's Oak, near Woburn Abbey, is stated to derive its name +from the fact that the abbot of the monastery was, by order of Henry +VIII., hung from its branches in 1537. (_Ib._, p. 10.) But Query, is +this an authentic fact? + +There is a tradition respecting the Shelton Oak near Shrewsbury, that +before the battle of Shrewsbury between Henry IV. and Hotspur, in 1403, +Owen Glendower reconnoitred the field from its branches, and afterwards +drew off his men. Positive documentary evidence, in the possession of +Richard Hill Waring, Esq., is likewise cited, which shows that this tree +was called "the Great Oak" in the year 1543 (_Ib._ p. 17.). There is a +traditional account that the old yew-trees at Fountains Abbey existed at +the foundation of the abbey, in the year 1132; but the authority for +this tradition, and the time at which it was first recorded, is not +stated. (P. 21.) The Abbot's Willow, near Bury St. Edmund's, stands on a +part of the ancient demesne of the Abbot of Bury, and is hence +conjectured to be anterior to the dissolution of the monastery in the +reign of Henry VIII. (P. 23.) The Queen's Oak at Huntingfield, in +Suffolk, was situated in a park belonging to Lord Hunsdon, where he had +the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth. The queen is reported to +have shot a buck with her own hand from this oak. (P. 26.) Sir Philip +Sidney's Oak, near Penshurst, is said to have been planted at his birth, +in 1554: it has been celebrated by Ben Jonson and Waller. This oak is +above twenty-two feet in girth; it is hollow, and stag-headed; and, so +far as can be judged from the engraving, has an appearance of great +antiquity, though its age only reaches back to the sixteenth century. +(P. 27.) The Tortworth Chestnut is described as being not only the +largest, but the oldest tree in England: Evelyn alleges that "it +continued a signal boundary to that manor in King Stephen's time, as it +stands upon record;" but the date of the record is not mentioned. We +can hardly suppose that it was cotemporaneous. (_Ib._ p. 29.) An elm at +Chequers in Buckinghamshire is reported, by a tradition handed down in +the families of the successive owners, to have been planted in the reign +of Stephen. (_Ib._ p. 38.) Respecting the Wallace Oak, at Ellerslie near +Paisley, it is reported that Sir William Wallace, and three hundred of +his men, hid themselves among its branches from the English. This legend +is probably fabulous; if it were true, it would imply that the tree was +in its full vigour at the end of the thirteenth century. (_Ib._ p. 5.) +The ash at Carnock, in Stirlingshire, supposed to be the largest in +Scotland, and still a luxuriant tree, was planted about the year 1596, +by Sir Thomas Nicholson of Carnock, Lord Advocate of Scotland in the +reign of James VI. (_Ib._ p. 8.) + +Marshall, in his Work on _Planting and Rural Ornament_ (2 vols. 1796) +refers to a paper on the age of trees, by Mr. Marsham, in the first +volume of the _Transactions of the Bath Agriculture Society_, in which +the Tortworth Chestnut is calculated to be not less than 1100 years old. +Marshall, who appears to have examined this tree with great care, +corrects the account given by Mr. Marsham, and states that it is not +one, but two trees. Sir Robert Atkins, in his _History of +Gloucestershire_, says: "By tradition this tree was growing in King +John's reign." Evelyn, however, as we have already seen, speaks of a +record that it served as a manor boundary in the reign of Stephen. +Query, on what authority do these statements rest? Marshall thinks that +a duration of nearly a thousand years may be fairly assigned to the +Tortworth tree; and he adds: + + "If we consider the quick growth of the chestnut, compared with + that of the oak, and at the same time the inferior bulk of the + Tortworth Chestnut to the Cowthorp, the Bentley, and the + Boddington oaks, may we not venture to infer that the existence of + these truly venerable trees commenced some centuries prior to the + era of Christianity?" + +The oaks here alluded to by Marshall are of immense size. The Cowthorp +Oak is near Wetherby; the Bentley Oak, in Holt Forest, near Bentley; the +Boddington Oak, between Cheltenham and Tewksbury (vol. ii. pp. 127. +298.). + +Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to point out authentic +evidence respecting the true dates of ancient trees. A large tree is a +subject of interest to the entire neighbourhood: it receives an +individual name, like a river, a mountain, or a building; and by its +permanence it affords a fixed point for a faithful local tradition to +rest upon. On the other hand, the infidelity of oral tradition is well +known; and the mere interest which attaches to a tree of unusual size is +likely to give birth to a romantic legend, when its true history has +been forgotten. The antiquary and the botanist may assist one another in +determining the age of trees. By the authentic evidence of their +duration which the former is able to furnish, the latter may establish +tests by which their longevity may be calculated. + + L. + + +LINES ATTRIBUTED TO ADMIRAL BYNG. + +The following lines are copied, _verbatim et literatim_, from a window +pane in an upstairs room of the Talbot Inn, Ripley. The tradition is +that they were written by Admiral Byng, who was confined in the room as +a prisoner when on his way to Portsmouth; that sentinels were placed on +the staircase outside; that during the night the admiral walked past the +sleeping guard, gathered some flowers from the inn garden, and returned +to his room; and that on leaving the following morning, he told the Inn +Lady he should see her on his way back to London, when he was acquitted. + + "Come all you true Britons, and listen to me; + I'll tell you the truth, you'll then plainly see + How Minorca was lost, why the kingdom doth ring, + And lay the whole blame on Admiral Byng. + Sing tantararara, rogues all, rogues all. + + "Newcastle, and Hardwick, and Anson did now + Preside at the helm, and to whom all must bow; + Minorca besieged, who protection will bring; + They know 'tis too late, let the victim be Byng. + Sing tantararara, rogues all. + + "With force insufficient he's ordered away; + He obeys, and he sails without any delay; + But alas! 'tis too late: who shall say to the king + Minorca must fall, why, accuse Mr. Byng. + Sing tantararara, rogues all. + + "Minorca now falls, and the nation enraged; + With justice they cry, let all who engaged + In traterous deeds, with curst infamy swing: + What! none to be found but poor Admiral Byng. + Sing tantararara, rogues all." + +Is there any reason to doubt the truth of this tradition, or that the +verses were written by the unfortunate admiral? + + A. C. G. + + Ripley, Nov. 10, 1851. + + +A CHAPTER ON EMBLEMS. + +"An history of emblems in all languages, with specimens of the poetry +and engravings, accompanied by some account of the authors, would be a +very interesting contribution to our literature." Thus speaks the author +of a work remarkable for interest, information, and elegance of taste, +viz., _Lives of Sacred Poets_, by Robert Willmott, Esq.; and truly such +a work would be a great _desideratum_ were the idea here suggested +efficiently carried out. + +In our own, and in other languages, many beautiful poems--some of them +very gems--exist, attached to, and written on some of "the most +ridiculous prints that ever excited merriment." A tasteful collection of +the more beautiful poems, with some spirited woodcuts, or engravings to +accompany them, would form a beautiful volume. This, however, is a +suggestion different from, and secondary to, Mr. Willmott's. + +Emblems, figures, symbols, &c., constitute a vast ocean of associations +which all enter on, all understand, all sympathise with more or less. +They enrich our language, enter into our commonest thoughts and +conversation, as well as our compositions in poetry and prose. + +Often the clearest ideas we have on abstruse points are derived from +them, _e.g._ the _shamrock_ or _trefoil_ is an emblem of _the Blessed +Trinity_. Nothing perhaps helps us to comprehend the resurrection of the +body, and in a glorified state through preserving its identity, as the +apostle's illustration and emblem of the _growth of corn_. + +In a work on the subject it would be desirable to keep the classical, +artistic, political, and other emblems apart from the sacred and moral, +&c. + +I must now say a few words on a book of emblems, entitled _Schola +Cordis, sive Aversi a Deo Cordis, ad eumdem reductio et instructio, +Authore Benedicto Haefteno, Antv._ 1635. (This Benedict Haeften was also +the author of _Regia Via Crucis_, published at Antwerp the same year as +the above, in 2 vols. 8vo., I think, and afterwards translated into +French.) This work suggested _Schola Cordis, or the Heart of itself gone +away from God, brought back again to Him and instructed by Him, in XLVII +emblems_: London, printed for M. Blunder at the Castle in Cornhill, +1647, 12mo. pp. 196. The authorship of this English _Schola Cordis_ is +generally attributed to Christopher Harvie, the author of _The +Synagogue_. (Vide Lowndes, and a note in Pickering's edition of George +Herbert.) The second edition was printed in 1674, third in 1675, fourth +in 1676. + +Now, Mr. Tegg in 1845 printed an edition of this _Schola Cordis_ as the +production of Francis Quarles; what was his authority I know not, he +certainly did not attempt to give any. + +The last three books of Quarles's _Emblems_ contain forty-five prints, +all from Herman Hugo's _Pia Desideria_, which has that number of +emblems. Quarles sometimes translates, sometimes paraphrases Hugo, and +has a good deal of original matter. His first two books are not in +Hugo's work, and I do not know whence they are derived; nearly all the +cuts contain a globe and cross. + +Herman Hugo had the talents and versatility which characterise his order +(the Order of Jesus), "he was a philosopher, a linguist, a theologian, a +poet, and a soldier, and under the command of Spinola is said to have +performed prodigies of valour." He was the author of _De prima Scribendi +Origine et Universa Rei Literariae Antiquitate_, an excellent work; and +of _De Militia Equestri antiqua et nova_ amongst others. His _Book of +Emblems_ was first published at Antwerp, 1624. It is divided into +_three_ books, viz., + + Pia Desideria. + + 1. Gemitus {A } Poenitentis. + 2. Vota {n } Sanctae. + 3. Suspiria {imae} Amantis. + +Each book contains fifteen emblems. The principal editions are, Antv. +1624, ed. princeps; Antv. 1628, 1632; Graecii, 1651; Lond. 1677, +sumptibus Roberti Pawlet, Chancery Lane. This London edition contains +only verse, whereas all the other editions contain metre and prose +before each picture, the prose being far the better of the two. The only +prose that Pawlet's edition has is a motto from one of the Fathers at +the back of each picture. + +There are two or three English translations. I have seen but one, a +miserable translation of the verse part, I suppose from Pawlet's +edition. There are short notices of emblems in the _Retrospective +Review_, ix. 123-140.; _Critical Review_, Sept. 1801 (attributed to +Southey); see also Willmott's _Lives of Sacred Poets_ (Wither and +Quarles); Caesar Ripa's _Iconologia_, Padua, 1627; and _Alciati +Emblemata_, Lugd. 1614. The Fagel Library, Trinity College, Dublin, has +a fine copy of the first edition of the _Pia Desideria_, and upwards of +sixty books of emblems, principally Dutch. + +P.S.--When I penned the above I was not aware that any mention of the +_School of the Heart_ had been made in "NOTES AND QUERIES." I find in +Southey's fourth _Common-place Book_ that he quotes from the _School of +the Heart_ as Quarles's. He has the following note on Quarles's Emblems: +"Philips erroneously says that the emblems are a copy from Hermannus +Hugo." I know not what Philips exactly intended by the word "copy;" but +if any one doubts what I have before said respecting these Emblems, let +him compare Hugo and Quarles together. I forgot to give the title of the +first edition of Hugo: _Pia Desideria Emblematis, Elegiis et Affectibus, +SS. Patrum Illustrata, vulgavit Boetius a Bolswert_, Antv. 1624. Also +the title of our English translation: _Pia Desideria; or, Divine +Addresses_, in three books, written in Latin by Herm. Hugo, Englished by +Edm. Arwaker, M.A., Lond. 1686, 8vo., pp. 282., dedicated to the +Princess Anne of Denmark, with forty-seven plates by Sturt. + + MARICONDA. + + +FOLK LORE. + +_Music at Funerals._--Pennant, in his MS. relating to North Wales, says, +"there is a custom of singing psalms on the way as the corpse is carried +to church" (Brand's _Pop. Ant._, ed. Ellis, vol. ii. p. 268.). In North +Devon the custom of singing is similar; but it is not a psalm it is a +dirge. I send you a copy of one in use at Lynton, sent to me by my +sister. + + Farewell all, my parents[1] dear, + And all my friends, farewell! + I hope I'm going to that place + Where Christ and saints do dwell. + + Oppress'd with grief long time I've been, + My bones cleave to my skin, + My flesh is wasted quite away + With pain that I was in, + + Till Christ his messenger did send, + And took my life away, + To mingle with my mother earth, + And sleep with fellow clay. + + Into thy hands I give my soul, + Oh! cast it not aside, + But favor me and hear my prayer, + And be my rest and guide. + + Affliction hath me sore oppress'd, + Brought me to death in time; + O Lord! as thou hast promised, + Let me to life return. + + For when that Christ to judgment comes, + He unto us will say, + If we His laws observe and keep, + "Ye blessed, come away." + + How blest is he who is prepar'd, + He fears not at his death; + Love fills his heart, and hope his breast, + With joy he yields his breath. + + Vain world, farewell! I must be gone, + I cannot longer stay; + My time is spent, my glass is run, + God's will I must obey. + + [Footnote 1: Sister or brother, as the case may be.] + +Another dirge, ending with the sixth stanza of the foregoing, is used at +an infant's funeral, but the rhyme is not so well kept. + + WM. DURRANT COOPER. + +_Cheshire Folk Lore and Superstition._--There is in this town a little +girl, about thirteen years old, in great request among the poor as a +charmer in cases of burns or scalds. Immediately on the accident the +girl is fetched from her work in the mill; on her arrival she kneels +down by the side of the sufferer, mutters a few words, and touches the +individual, and the people believe and affirm that the sufferings +immediately cease, as she has charmed the fire out of the parts injured. +The surgeon's aid is then called in to heal the sores. The girl affirms +that she found it out herself by reading her Bible, of which the +wonder-working charm is a verse. She will take no reward, nor may any of +her relatives; if she or they were, her power would be at an end. She is +an ordinary, merry, playful girl; as a surgeon I often come across her +in such accidents. + +I know some other such charmers in Cheshire, but none so young. One, an +old man, stops bleedings of all kinds by a similar charm, viz. a verse +from the Bible. But he does not require to be at the patient's side, his +power being equally efficacious at the distance of one hundred miles, as +close by. + + E. W. L. + + Congleton. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Talented._--Sterling, in a letter to Carlyle, objects to the use of +this word by his biographer in his _Sartor Resartus_, calling it a +hustings and newspaper word, brought in, as he had heard, by O'Connell. + + J. O'G. + +_Anagram._--Sir J. Stephen, in his essay on _The French Benedictines_, +gives an anagram of Father Finavdis of the Latinized name of that great +bibliophagist Magliabechi:--Antonius Magliabechius--Is unus bibliotheca +magna. + +In the same essay he says that Mabillon called Magliabechi "Museum +inambulans, et viva quaedam bibliotheca." Possibly this is the origin of +our expression "a walking dictionary." + + J. O'G. + +_Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations._--I beg to inform your +correspondent who suggested such a publication as a _Dictionary of +Hackneyed Quotations_, that I commenced such a work some time ago, and +hope before long to have it ready for the press. + +Every common quotation or familiar proverb from the poets will be ranged +with the _context_ under its respective author, while an alphabetical +index will facilitate reference to any particular passage. I doubt not +the readers of your valuable periodical will assist me whenever I am at +fault as to the authorship of any line or "household word;" and I should +feel at the present time much obliged if any one could tell me where + + "Though lost to sight, to memory dear," may be found? + + H. A. B. + + Trinity College, Cambridge. + + + + +Queries. + + +MASTERS AND MARSHALS OF THE CEREMONIES? + +How are these offices now held? By letters patent of the crown, or by +the lord chamberlain's nomination? + +Where can any list of these offices be found? The office of Master of +the Ceremonies, whose duty it is to arrange the reception of all foreign +ministers, and their departures, was formerly an office of considerable +importance. In the reign of King Charles I. it was held seemingly by +grants from the crown. In 1627, Sir John Finett says he received news +of the death of Sir Lewis Lewknor, by which, in right of his Majesty's +grant of reversion by letters patent, he became sole Master of the +Ceremonies--an office which he before held jointly with Sir Lewis +Lewknor. + + S. E. G. + + +Minor Queries. + +286. _Cause of Transparency._--Seeing through the glass of my window a +landscape, and not knowing _why_ I see through the glass, and not +through the shutters, I will thank one of your philosophical +correspondents to tell me the _cause of transparency_. + + AEGROTUS. + +287. _Gold Medal of late Duke of York._--I have a small gold medal, +three-quarter inch in diameter, a head with inscription-- + + "Fredericus dux Eborac." + +and Rev.: + + "Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit. Non. Ian. 1827." + +Were many such struck at the duke's death, or what is the history of it? + + A. A. D. + +288. _Composition's during the Protectorate._--Where is there any +account or list of these? In Oldfield's _History of Wainfleet_, p. 12. +Appendix, is a "List of Residents in the County of Lincoln who +compounded for their Estates during the Protectorate of Oliver +Cromwell;" but he gives no authority or reference. Where can this list +be checked, as I suspect an error? + + W. H. L. + + Fulham. + +289. _Bristol Tables._--Upon the pavement in front of the Exchange, +Bristol, there are four very handsome bronze tables standing, upon a +single pedestal each; the tops circular, about two feet in diameter, +with a slightly raised edge round them. It is said that they were +presented to the Bristol merchants for them to pay their money upon; but +when, or by whom, they were so given, I have not been able to learn. A +friend of mine who was lately examining them was told that they were +formerly called "Nails," and gave rise to the saying, "Pay down upon the +nail:" this I should think must be an error. "Solvere ad unguem" would +be found to be older than they are. If any of your correspondents can +give me any information respecting them, I shall be obliged. + + E. N. W. + + Southwark. + +290. _Macfarlane's Geographical Collection._--In almost every work +treating of the history and topographical antiquities of Scotland, we +are referred to _Macfarlane's Geographical Collection_, preserved in the +Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. This MS., and its author, are very little +known, except by name, _benorth the Tay_, notwithstanding they are so +often quoted. I should be glad if any of your correspondents would give +me any information regarding the extent of country embraced, _i.e._ +parishes, counties, &c., and if any part of it has been published _per +se_, and when, and where. + + ANTIQUARIENSIS. + + Inverness. + +291. "_Acu tinali meridi._"--At the head of an English metrical +discourse upon the administration of justice, in a MS. of the fourteenth +or fifteenth century, in the Public Library, Cambridge, is placed the +following obscure motto, upon which, perhaps, some correspondent can +throw light:-- + + "O judex vi fervida hanc servabis artem, + Acu tinali merida .i. audi alteram partem." + +I have not seen the MS., but am told that the correctness of the reading +may be depended upon. + + C. W. G. + +292. _Sir Joshua Reynolds._--Having the early catalogues of the Royal +Academy before me, I see that in 1773 and following years, Sir Joshua +exhibited twelve or thirteen works. You will find they stand as current +Nos. in the list. Can you inform me whether they hung on the line, that +is, in the space of privilege, or took their chance with the many? Had +they, under his own eye, been grouped together, what a treat it must +have been to see them! What an evidence of the industry of the man! +Though too late in the day to obtain these details from actual +observation, enough may be recorded or remembered through others, to +assist in throwing light on the rules and customs of past days, which +never can be deficient in interest while they tend to illustrate the +habits and character of great men. + +You could touch no topic more interesting than this must prove to the +increasing curiosity seekers in your useful and amusing repertorium, and +your attention to it will be valued by + + A LAYMAN. + + Athenaeum Club. + +293. _Great Plough at Castor Church._--Can any of your correspondents +give me the history of, or afford me any intelligence about, the large +plough which Dibdin, in his _Northern Tour_, vol. i. p. 44., tells us is +about twenty feet in length, and suspended in Castor Church, extending +from one transept to the other? In a foot-note on the same church, he +speaks of a curious ceremony, as practised there every Palm Sunday, +respecting a peculiar tenure. I do not find it referred to in any other +account of Castor Church. Bourne, in his _Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 130., +gives the history of it, but says it is practised at Caistor Church in +Lincolnshire. Is the doctor right in his statement? I would also be glad +to know whether it is still continued at Caistor Church, as some years +ago an act was tried for in the House to abolish it. + + R. W. ELLIOT. + + Hull. + +294. _Church of St. Bene't Fink._--Is there any copy in existence of the +inscriptions on the gravestones and monuments of St. Bene't Fink in the +City, adjoining the Exchange, and which is now pulled down? If any of +your correspondents can direct me to any transcript of them, I shall be +much obliged by the communication. + + JAS. CROSSLEY. + +295. _Spectacles, Inscription on a Pair of._--Will you oblige me by +inserting, as soon as possible, the following curious inscription round +the rim of a pair of spectacles found in a stone coffin in Ombersley +Church, Worcestershire, some years since, when the old church was being +pulled down. It is as follows:-- + + "JOHERHARD MAY: SEEL ERB. PETER CONRAD. WIEGEL." + +This occurs on each rim, and I should be glad of an explanation of the +words. + + J. N. B. (A Subscriber.) + +296 _Campbell._--Can any of your readers tell me what he supposes +Campbell to mean when he makes the sister, in delivering her curse on +her brother, say-- + + "Go where the havoc of your kerne + Shall float as high as mountain fern!" + +Does havoc float? Does mountain fern float? What is the effect of either +floating _high_? The lines are in "The Flower of Love lies Bleeding." + +Also can any one say who or what this is? + + "Fly, like the moon-eyed herald of dismay + Chac'd on his night-steed by the star of day!" + +The lines are near the end of _The Pleasures of Hope_. + + W. W. + + Cambridge. + +297. _Family of Cordeux._--What is the origin of the name? When was it +introduced into England? What are the armorial bearings of the family? +What family or families bear gu. three stags' heads, on a chief arg. two +griffins' heads erased: Crest, a griffin's head erased? Any information +of the Cordeux family more than fifty years ago will confer an +obligation on the querist. + + W. H. K. + +298. _Panelling Inscription._--I have recently discovered, in my +investigations for the _History and Antiquities of South Lynn_, an old +building in this town which bears the date 1605 on one of its gables; +and in the course of my peregrinations through, I find some old +panelling with the date 1676, and the following inscription in old +English (large) characters: + + "As nothinge is so absolutly blest + But chance may crosse, and make it seeming ill, + So nothinge cane a man so much molest, + But God may chang, and seeing good he will." + +It has been suggested to me that these lines form a quotation from some +of our English poets; if so, of whom? for it is of great importance to +me to know, as it will tend considerably to connect the date with the +building; and if the lines can be traced to a writer of the period, it +will establish what I require very much, and assist me in my researches. + + J. N. C. + +299. _Infantry Firing._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to +authentic instances of the comparative numbers of rounds of cartridges +fired in action, with the number of men killed? I think I have read it +in Sir W. Napier's _History of the Peninsular War_, and also in _The +Times_, but omitted to make a note. I have some recollection of 60,000 +rounds beings fired, and only one man killed! and another instance of +80,000, and twenty-five killed! Any remarkable instances of the +inefficiency of musketry fire will be acceptable. + + H. Y. W. N. + + + + +Replies. + + +THE REVEREND RICHARD FARMER. + +(Vol. iv., p. 379.) + +Assuming that the principal ATROCITIES of the reverend Richard Farmer +are his _Essay on the learning of Shakespeare_, and the substance of a +note on _Hamlet_, Act V. Sc. 2., I shall transcribe, as a hint to the +lovers of manly criticism, a general character of that writer, a +character of his _Essay_, and the note in question:-- + + 1. "His knowledge is various, extensive, and recondite. With much + seeming negligence, and perhaps in later years some real + relaxation, he understands more and remembers more about common + and uncommon subjects of literature, than many of those who would + be thought to read all the day and meditate half the night. In + quickness of apprehension and acuteness of discrimination I have + not often seen his equal."--Samuel PARR. + + 2. "It [the _Essay on the learning of Shakespeare_] may in truth + be pointed out as a master-piece, whether considered with a view + to the sprightliness and vivacity with which it is written, the + clearness of the arrangement, the force and variety of the + evidence, or the compression of scattered materials into a narrow + compass; materials which inferior writers would have expanded into + a large volume."--Isaac REED. + + 3. "There's a divinity that _shapes our ends_, _Rough-hew_ [them + how we will.] Dr. Farmer informs me, that these words are merely + technical. A wool-man, butcher, and dealer in _skewers_, lately + observed to him, that his nephew (an idle lad), could only + _assist_ him in making them;"--'he could _rough-hew_ them, but I + was obliged to _shape their ends_.' [To shape the ends of + _wool-skewers_, i.e. to _point_ them, requires a degree of skill; + any one can _rough-hew_ them.] Whoever recollects the profession + of Shakespeare's father, will admit that his son might be no + stranger to such a term [such terms]. I have [frequently] seen + packages of wool pinn'd up with _skewers_.--STEEVENS. + +This note was first printed by Malone in 1780, and was reprinted by him +in 1790; the portions within brackets having been added in 1793? It is +clear, from this statement, that it received the deliberate revision of +its author. Now, I cannot deny that Farmer related the anecdote of the +_wool-man_--suspicious as is the character of the witness, but I contend +that the observations on it should be ascribed to Steevens alone; and so +I shall leave your critic A. E. B. to his own reflections. + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY. + +(Vol. iv., p. 365.) + +A SUBSCRIBER TO THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY has discovered _one_ fault in +_one_ volume (published in 1844) of a series which now extends to +sixty-three volumes; and on this _one fault_ he builds a representation +which implies, in general, incompetency in the editors, and neglect of +proper supervision on the part of the committee of the Anglo-Catholic +Library. I believe the character of the editions of most of the volumes +sent out in this series is sufficiently known to theologians to render +such a charge as this of little importance as respects their judgment. +But it may not be so with many of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +The gravamen of the charge rests on the importance of a certain passage +of St. Jerome bearing on the Presbyterian controversy,--on the necessity +for a familiarity with that controversy in an editor of Overall's +_Convocation Book_,--and the consequent incompetency of a person not +thus familiar with it to edit that work without, not the assistance +merely, but the immediate supervision of the committee. + +Now the subject of episcopacy is _not_, as the Subscriber alleges, "the +principal subject" of this Book; it occupies 30 pages out of 272: nor is +a familiarity with that controversy in any special way necessary for an +editor of the volume. The subjects of which the _Convocation Book_ +treats are wide and varied, and such omnigenous knowledge as a familiar +acquaintance with them implies, is not, nor could be, required in any +editor, nor be expected by subscribers. + +The committee of the Anglo-Catholic Library undertook to publish careful +reprints of the works of our old divines; and had they simply reprinted +with accuracy the _Convocation Book_, as published in 1690, they would +have fulfilled their covenant with the subscribers. They did, however, +much more. + +It was known that the original MS. copy of this Book was preserved at +Durham. The edition of 1690 had been printed from a transcript made by +Archbishop Sancroft. The committee therefore engaged the services of a +gentleman whose name is well known as an accurate editor of works +existing in MS. + +This gentlemen obtained access to all the known MSS. of the _Convocation +Book_; viz. 1. The original copy, and papers of alterations suggested as +it passed through the Upper House, preserved at Durham. 2. A cotemporary +MS. of part of the first book, also preserved at Durham. 3. Archbishop +Sancroft's Transcript, preserved at Emanuel College, Cambridge and 4. A +MS. of the first book belonging to Bishop Barlow, preserved at Queen's +College, Oxford. These MSS. were carefully collated, and the variations, +in many respects curious and interesting, were printed at the bottom of +the pages, and, as regards the 4th MS., at the end of the volume. The +result is a correct edition of the text of this book, with all that can +be learned of its variations--the book so highly extolled by your +correspondent. And I hear no objection alleged against the care and +faithfulness with which this part of the work has been executed: your +correspondent does not appear to be aware of anything of the kind having +been done. + +But the editor went still further--he not only gave the subscribers so +much more than they had bargained for, he added full references to the +authorities quoted in the book; and when the passages were important, he +printed them in full, and even added references to works in which the +arguments were more largely handled. Now these references appear to me +to amount to many hundreds. They begin with Josephus, and run through +Fathers, councils, schoolmen, Roman Catholic controversialists, +ecclesiastical historians, and the chroniclers of the Middle Ages: and, +as far as I can judge in looking over the notes, not more than three or +four of these passages have been undiscovered by the editor, and he +honestly says he has not found them; one of these is the unlucky place +of St. Jerome, which your correspondent happens to know something about. + +The remarks of your correspondent have led me to examine the book, and I +refer any one who has the least regard for candour or fairness, to do +the same. I would ask them to judge it as a whole, to see the number and +variety of the references, and the care which has been bestowed upon +them; and to say whether--because he missed one passage, and knew not +its importance--the editor can be fairly charged with incompetency; or +the committee of the Anglo-Catholic Library accused of neglect, in +leaving the work in his hands without exercising over him such +supervision as implies the reading every sheet as it passed through the +press; for _assistance_ the editor had, and amply acknowledges that he +received, at the hand of the superintending editor. + + ANOTHER SUBSCRIBER TO THE + + ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY. + + +GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. + +(Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) + +Many letters of Wolfe's will be found published in the _Naval and +Military Gazette_ of the latter part of last and early part of this +year. + +By the statement of your correspondent MR. COLE, Wolfe was promoted as +captain in Burrell's regiment (at present the 4th, or king's own) in +1744. Now Burrell's regiment took the left of the first line at +Culloden, so that James Wolfe, unless absent on leave, or employed on +particular duty, must have been in that action. The left of the second +line was occupied by "Colonel Wolfe's" regiment (now the 8th or +"king's"). See the "Rebellion of 1745," by Robert Chambers, in +Constable's _Miscellany_, vol. xvi. p. 86. Captains of _nineteen_ were +common enough at that period, but Wolfe is the only one whose name has +excited attention. + +As to Wolfe's having been "the youngest general ever intrusted with such +a responsible command" as that at Quebec, your correspondent surely +forgets Napoleon in modern, and the Black Prince in more remote times. + +I have seen at Mr. Scott's, of Cahircon, in the co. Clare, an engraving +of Wolfe: he is designated as the "Hero of Louisburgh," and is +represented with his right to the spectator, the right hand and arm +raised as if enforcing an order. The features are small, the nose rather +"cocked," and the face conveys the idea of spirit and determination; he +wears a very small three-cocked hat, with a plain black cockade, a sort +of frock coat reaching to the knees, where it is met by long boots; +there are no epaulets, a twist belt confines the coat, and supports a +cartouche-box in front, and a bayonet at the right side, and he carries +a fusil slung from his right shoulder "en bandouilliere." + +It is said that the father of Wolfe was an Irishman, and I have been +shown in the co. Wicklow the farm on which it is said that James Wolfe +was born. It lies near Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. Be that as it may, the +name has been made celebrated in Ireland within the last half century by +three individuals: first, the Lord Kilwarden, who was murdered during +Emmett's rising in 1803; secondly, the late Chief Baron, who spelt his +name "with a difference;" and last, not least, the author of the +celebrated lines on the "Burial of Sir John Moore." + + KERRIENSIS. + + +PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD OF CAERNARVON BY HIS FATHER.--CHARACTER OF EDWARD +I. + +(Vol. iv., p. 338.) + +I think considerable light is thrown upon this very remarkable incident +by a letter of the prince himself to the Earl of Lincoln, dated +Midhurst, June 14, which appears upon the Roll of that prince's letters +lately discovered at the Chapter House, Westminster. (See _Ninth Report +of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records_, App. II., No. 5.) This +letter has been printed in one of the volumes of the Sussex +Archaeological Society, having been written from that county. For such of +your readers as may not have either of these books at command, I will +give the material part of the letter, translated: + + "On Sunday, the 13th of June, we came to Midhurst, where we found + the lord the king, our father; the Monday following, on account of + certain words which, it had been reported to the king, had taken + place _between us and the Bishop of Chester_, he was so enraged + with us that he has forbidden us, or any of our retinue, to dare + to enter his house; and he has forbidden all the people of his + household and of the exchequer to give or lend us anything for the + support of our household. We are staying at Midhurst to wait his + pleasure and favour, and we shall follow after him as well as we + are able, at a distance of ten or twelve miles from his house, + until we have been able to recover his good will, which we very + much desire." + +The roll contains several letters which show how seriously the prince +was affected by his father's displeasure, and how the king was appeased. + +By the letter above quoted, the "minister" appears to have been the +Bishop of Chester, then treasurer of the royal household. But the +connexion between the prince's case and that of William de Brewosa does +not appear, unless they were on intimate terms, as is not improbable: +and the punishment of the prince himself is, in my opinion, referred to +as a precedent or justification of the punishment imposed upon Brewes. +That the severe punishment so imposed was richly deserved none can doubt +who has read the report on the Roll: but an unfortunate error in the +press[2] makes it appear that the prince, and not De Brewes, was the +culprit, and performed the penance. + + [Footnote 2: Page 339. col. 1. line 46., where "Edward" is printed + instead of "William de Brewes."] + +To return to the prince's offence and punishment. He appears to have +been nearly starved into submission, as the royal prohibition against +supplying him with articles or money was obliged to be removed by a +Letter Close directed to all the sheriffs, dated Ospring, 22nd July. + +The whole transaction is highly characteristic of the firmness of the +king. Whether the prince's letters which I have referred to make out a +case of _harshness_, as regards some other circumstances, I will not now +trouble you with. But while examining cotemporary documents illustrative +of the prince and his correspondents, I met with an entry upon the Close +Roll (33 Edw. I.) too strikingly illustrative of the determination and +caution of Edward I. to be allowed to remain in its present obscurity. + +On the 27th November the prince addressed a letter to Master Gerard de +Pecoraria, earnestly begging him to favour and forward the affairs of +Ralph de Baldok, then Bishop Elect of London. The "affairs" in question +were the removal of certain scruples instilled into the Papal ear +against the approval of the bishop elect; a matter generally involving +some diplomacy and much money. Master Gerard was employed by the Pope to +collect various dues in England; and so his good will was worth +obtaining. But the following Letter Close will show how he received his +"quietus," as far as the King of England was concerned: + + "The King to Ralph de Sandwich.--By reason of the excessive and + indecent presumption with which Gerard de Pecoraria is making + oppressive levies and collections of money in various places; by + whose authority we know not, for he will not show it; and inasmuch + as the same is highly derogatory to our crown, and injurious to + our people, and many complaints have been made against him on that + account; We command you to take the said Gerard before the Mayor + and Sheriffs of London, and there warn him to cease from making + the said levies, and to quit the kingdom in six days, _provided + that at such warning no public notary be present, so that the + warning be given to the said Gerard alone, no one else hearing. + And be you careful that no one but yourself see this letter, or + get a copy thereof._" + +Who can doubt that such a mandate was strictly carried out? + +I regret that my memoranda do not preserve the original language. + + JOSEPH BURTT. + +MR. GIBSON will find that this story, as well as that relative to Sir +William Gascoigne, is also told by MR. FOSS (_Judges of England_, vol. +iii. pp. 43. 261.), who suggests that the offence committed by Prince +Edward was an insult to Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and +Coventry, occasioned probably by the boldness with which that prelate, +while treasurer, corrected the insolence of Peter de Gaveston, and +restrained the Prince's extravagance. (_Ibid._ p. 114.) + + R. S. V. P. + + +ELIZABETH JOCELINE'S LEGACY TO AN UNBORNE CHILD. + +(Vol. iv., p. 367.) + +Your correspondent J. M. G., whose letter is inserted in your 106th +Number, labours under various mistakes relating to this small volume. +The first edition was not printed in 1684, but more than sixty years +earlier. Moreover, that edition, or at least what the Rev. C. H. +Craufurd appended to his Sermons in 1840 as a reprint, is not a genuine +or faithful republication of the original work. I have for several years +possessed a copy of _the third impression_, Printed at "London, by _Iohn +Hauiland_, for _Hanna Barres_, 1625;" and of this third impression a +_fac-simile_ reprint has passed through the press of Messrs. Blackwood +in Edinburgh, which new edition corresponds _literatim et verbatim_ +(line for line and page for page) with the earliest impression known to +exist, which differs materially in several passages from the reprint +published by Mr. Craufurd. This new edition is accompanied by a long +preface or dissertation containing many particulars relating to the +authoress and her relatives, and to a number of ladies of high station +and polished education, who during the period intervening between the +Reformation in England and the Revolution in 1688, distinguished +themselves by publishing works characterized by exalted piety and +refined taste. With regard to Mrs. Joceline, no printed work appears to +have preserved correct information. Genealogists seem to have conspired +to change her Christian name from Elizabeth to Mary or Jane. The husband +is supposed to have sprung from an old Cambridgeshire family, the +Joscelyns of Hogington, now called Oakington, the name of a parish +adjoining to Cottenham. The writer of the preface seems rather disposed +to trace his parentage to John Joscelyn (Archbishop Parker's chaplain), +who, according to Strype, was _an Essex man_. + +But I have probably exceeded the bounds allotted to an answer to a +Query. + + J. L. + + Edinburgh. + +_The Mother's Legacy to her unborne Child_ is reprinted for the benefit +of the Troubridge National Schools, and can be procured at Hatchard's, +Piccadilly. + + J. S. + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Coleridge's "Christabel"_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--I am not familiar with +the Coleridge Papers, under that title, nor indeed am I quite sure that +I know at all to what papers MR. MORTIMER COLLINS refers in his +question. On this account I am not qualified, as he will perhaps think, +to give an opinion upon the genuineness of the lines quoted as a +continuation of "Christabel." If I may be allowed, however, to hazard a +judgment, as one to whom most of the great poet-philosopher's works have +long and affectionately been known, I would venture to express an +opinion against the right of these lines to admission as one of his +productions. I do it with diffidence; but with the hope that I may aid +in eliciting the truth concerning them. + +I presume "brookless plash" is a misprint for "brooklet's plash." + +The expressions "the sorrow of human years," "wild despair," "the years +of life below," of a person who is not yet dead and in heaven, do not +seem to me, _as they stand in the lines_, to be in Coleridge's manner; +but especially I do not think the couplet-- + + "Who felt all grief, all wild despair, + That the race of man may ever bear," + +is one which Coleridge would have penned, reading as I do in the _Aids +to Reflection_, vol. i. p. 255. (edit. Pickering, 1843) his protest +against the doctrine + + "holden by more than one of these divines, that the agonies + suffered by Christ were equal in amount to the sum total of the + torments of all mankind here and hereafter, or to the infinite + debt which in an endless succession of instalments we should have + been paying to the divine justice, had it not been paid in full by + the Son of God incarnate!" + +There are one or two other expressions of which I entertain doubt, but +not in sufficient degree to make it worth while to dwell upon them. + +Are we ever likely to receive from any member of Coleridge's family, or +from his friend Mr. J. H. Green, the fragments, if not the entire work, +of his _Logosophia_? We can ill afford to lose a work the conception of +which engrossed much of his thoughts, if I am rightly informed, towards +the close of his life. + + THEOPHYLACT. + +_Dryden--Illustrations by T. Holt White_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--My +father's notes on Dryden are in my possession. Sir Walter Scott never +saw them. The words AEGROTUS attributes to Sir Walter were used by +another commentator on Dryden some thirty years since. + + ALGERNON HOLT WHITE. + +_Lofcop, Meaning of_ (Vol. i., p. 319.).--_Lofcop_, not _loscop_, is +clearly the true reading of the word about which I inquired. _Lovecope_ +is the form in which it is written in the Lynn town-books, as well as in +the Cinque-port charters, for a reference to which I have to thank your +correspondent L. B. L. (Vol. i., p. 371.). I am now satisfied that it is +an altered form of the word _lahcop_, which occurs in the laws of +Ethelred, and is explained in Thorpe's _Ancient Laws and Institutes of +England_, vol. i., p. 294., note. The word _loveday_, which is found in +English Middle-Age writers, meaning "a day appointed for settling +differences by arbitration," is an instance of a similar change. This +must originally have been _lah-daeg_, though I am not aware that the word +is met with in any Anglo-Saxon documents. But in Old-Norse is found +_Logdagr_, altered in modern Danish into _Lavdag_ or _Lovdag._ + + C. W. G. + +_Middleton's Epigrams and Satyres, 1608_ (Vol. iv., p. 272.).--These +Epigrams, about which QUAESO inquires, are not the production of Thomas +Middleton the dramatist, but of "_Richard_ Middleton of Yorke, +gentleman." The only copy known to exist is among the curious collection +of books presented by the poet Drummond to the University of Edinburgh. +A careful reprint, limited to forty copies, was published at Edinburgh +in 1840. It is said to have been done under the superintendance of James +Maidment, Esq. + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Lord Edward Fitzgerald_ (Vol. iv., p. 173.).--Your correspondent R. H. +was misinformed as to the house of Lord Edward Fitzgerald at Harold's +Cross, from the fact of his friend confounding that nobleman with +another of the United Irishmen leaders; namely, Robert Emmett, who was +arrested in the house alluded to. Lord Edward never lived at Harold's +Cross, either in avowed residence or concealment. + +R. H.'s note above referred to, provoked the communication of L. M. M. +at Vol. iv., p. 230., who seems to cast a slur upon the Leinster family +for neglecting the decent burial of their chivalric relative. This is +not merited. The family was kept in complete ignorance as to how the +body was disposed of, it being the wish of the government of the day to +conceal the place of its sepulture; as is evident from their not +interring it at St. Michan's, where they interred Oliver Bond and all +the others whom they put to death at Newgate; and from the notoriety of +their having five years later adopted a similar course with regard to +the remains of Robert Emmett. (See Madden's _Life of Emmett_.) But is he +buried at St. Werburgh's? Several, and among others his daughter, Lady +Campbell, as appears from L. M. M.'s note, think that he is. I doubt it. +Some years since I conversed with an old man named Hammet, the +superannuated gravedigger of St. Catherine's, Dublin, and he told me +that he officiated at Lord Edward's obsequies in St. Catherine's church, +and that they were performed at night in silence, secrecy, and mystery. + + E. J. W. + +_Earwig_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I do not know what the derivations of +this word may be, which are referred to by [Greek: AXON] as being in +vogue. It is a curious fact that Johnson, Richardson, and Webster do not +notice the word at all; although I am not aware that it is of limited or +provincial use. In Bailey's _Scottish Dictionary_, and in Skinner's +_Etymologicon_, it is traced to the Anglo-Saxon _ear-wicga_, i.e. +ear-beetle. In Bosworth's _Dictionary_ we find _wicga_, a kind of +insect, a shorn-bug, a beetle. + + C. W. G. + +_Sanderson and Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 293.).--In No. 103 of "NOTES AND +QUERIES," under the head of "_Sanderson and Taylor_," a question is put +by W. W. as to the common source of the sentence, "Conscience is the +brightness and splendour of the eternal light, a spotless mirror of the +Divine majesty, and the image of the goodness of God." Without at all +saying that it is the common source, I would beg to refer W. W. to "The +Wisdom of Solomon," c. vii. v. 26., where "wisdom" is described as +"the brightness of the everlasting light, the unspotted mirror of the +power of God, and the image of His goodness." The coincidence is +curious, though the Latin expressions are dissimilar, the verse in "The +Wisdom of Solomon" being as follows: "Nam splendor est a luce aeterna et +speculum efficacitatis Dei expers maculae, ac imago bonitatis ejus." + + R. M. M. (A Subscriber). + + Taunton. + +_Island of AEgina and the Temple of Jupiter Panhellinius_ (Vol. iv., p. +255.).--In Lempriere's _Classical Dict._, by the Rev. J. A. Giles, 1843, +is the subjoined:-- + + "The most remarkable remnant of antiquity at the present day is + the temple of 'Jupiter Panhellinius' on a _mount of the same name_ + about four hours' distance from the port, supposed to be one of + the most ancient temples in Greece, and the oldest specimen of + Doric architecture; Dodwell pronounces it to be the most + picturesque ruin in Greece." + +And in Arrowsmith's _Compendium of Ancient and Modern Geography_, 1839, +p. 414.: + + "In the southern part of the island is _Panhellinius Mons_, so + called _from a temple_ of Jupiter Panhellinius, erected on its + summit by AEacus." + + C. W. MARKHAM. + +_The Broad Arrow_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I forget where it is, but +remember something about a place held by the tenure of presenting the +king with + + "---- a Broad-Arrow, + When he comes to hunt upon Yarrow." + +I would however suggest, that the use of an arrow-head as a government +mark may have a Celtic origin; and that the so-called arrow may be the +[Arrow symbol] or _a_, the broad _a_ of the Druids. This letter was +typical of superiority either in rank and authority, intellect or +holiness; and I believe stood also for king or prince. + + A. C. M. + + Exeter, Nov. 4. 1851. + +_Consecration of Bishops in Sweden_ (Vol. iv., p. 345.).--E. H. A. asks +whether any record exists of the consecration of Bethvid, Bishop of +_Strengnas_ in the time of Gustavus I., King of Sweden? I cannot reply +from this place with the certainty I might be able to do, if I had +access to my books and papers. But I may venture to state, that the +"consecration" (if by that term be meant the canonical and apostolical +ordination) of Bethvidus Sermonis, in common with that of all the +Lutheran Bishops of Sweden, is involved in much doubt and obscurity; the +fact being, that they all derive their orders from _Petrus Magni_, +Bishop of Westeras, who _is said_ to have been "consecrated" bishop of +that see at Rome by a cardinal in A.D. 1524, the then Pontiff having +acceded to the request of Gustavus Vasa to this effect. It is, however, +uncertain whether Petrus Magni ever received proper episcopal +consecration, although it appears probable he did. I endeavoured at one +time to ascertain the fact by reference to Rome; but though promised by +my correspondent (a British Romanist resident there) that he would +procure the examination of the Roll of Bishops in communion with the +Holy See, and consecrated by Papal license, for the purpose of +discovering whether Bishop Petrus Magni's name occurred therein or not, +I never heard more of the subject. I could not help judging, that this +silence on the part of my correspondent (to whom I was personally +unknown), after his having replied immediately and most civilly to my +first communication, was very eloquent and significant. But still the +doubt remains uncleared, as to whether the Swedish episcopacy possess or +not, _as they maintain they do_, the blessing of an apostolical and +canonical succession. + + G. J. R. G. + + Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. + +_Meaning of Spon_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).--Is the word _spooney_ derived +from the Anglo-Saxon _spanan_, _spon_, _asponen_, to allure, entice, and +therefore equivalent to one allured, trapped, &c., a gowk or simpleton? +If C. H. B. could discover whether those specified places were ever at +any time tenanted by objectionable characters, this verb and its +derivatives might assist his inquiries. He will, however, see that +_Spondon_ (pronounced _spoondon_) in Derbyshire is another instance of +the word he inquires after. + + THOS. LAWRENCE. + + Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +_Quaker Expurgated Bible_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--I can inform the +correspondent who inquires whether such a publication of a Bible, which +a committee of Friends were intending to publish, ever took place, that +no committee was ever appointed by the Society of Friends, who adopt the +English authorised version only, as may be seen by their yearly epistle +and other authorised publications. I have inquired of many Friends who +were likely to know, and not one ever heard of what the authoress of +_Quakerism_ states. + + A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. + +_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--In Rose's _Biographical +Dictionary_ it is stated that Alexander Cozens was a landscape painter, +born in Russia, but attaining his celebrity in London, where he taught +drawing. In 1778 he published a theoretical work called _The Principle +of Beauty relative to the Human Face_, with illustrations, engraved by +Bartolozzi. He died in 1786. + + J. O'G. + +_Authors of the Homilies_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--Allow me to say that in +the reply to the inquiry of G. R. C. one work is omitted which will +afford at once all that is wanted: for the Preface to Professor Corrie's +recent edition of the _Homilies_, printed at the Pitt Press, contains +the most circumstantial account of their authors. + + W. K. C. + + College, Ely. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +We had occasion, some short time since, to speak in terms of deserved +commendation of the excellent _Handbook to the Antiquities of the +British Museum_ which had been prepared by Mr. Vaux. Another and most +important department of our great national collection has just found in +Dr. Mantell an able scientific, yet popular expositor of its treasures. +His _Petrifactions and their Teachings, or a Handbook to the Gallery of +Organic Remains in the British Museum_, forms the new volume of Bohn's +_Scientific Library_; and, thanks to the acquirements of Dr. Mantell, +his good sense in divesting his descriptions, as much as possible, of +technical language, and the numerous well-executed woodcuts by which it +is illustrated, the work is admirably calculated to accomplish the +purpose for which it has been prepared; namely, to serve as a handbook +to the general visitor to the Gallery of Organic Remains, and as an +explanatory Catalogue for the more scientific observer. + +To satisfy the deep interest taken by many persons, who are unable to +study the phenomena themselves, in the numerous new and remarkable facts +relating to the formation and temperature of the globe, and to the +movements of the ocean and of the atmosphere, as well as to the +influence of both on climate, and on the adaptation of the earth for the +dwelling of man, which the exertions of scientific men have of late +years revealed, was the motive which led Professor Buff to write his +_Familiar Letters on the Physics of the Earth; treating of the chief +Movements of the Land, the Waters, and the Air, and the Forces that give +rise to them_: and Dr. Hoffman has been induced to undertake an English +edition of them from a desire of rendering accessible to the public a +source of information from which he has derived no less of profit than +of pleasure: which profit and which pleasure will, we have no doubt, be +shared by a large number of readers of this unpretending but very +instructive little volume. + +_Welsh Sketches, chiefly Ecclesiastical, to the close of the Twelfth +Century._ These sketches, which treat of Bardism, the Kings of Wales, +the Welsh Church, Monastic Institutions, and Giraldus Cambrensis, are +from the pen of the amiable author of the _Essays on Church Union_, and +are written in the same attractive and popular style. + +About five-and-thirty years ago the Treatment of the Insane formed the +subject of a Parliamentary inquiry, and the public mind was shocked by +the appalling scenes revealed before a Committee of the House of +Commons. But the publication of them did its work; for that such scenes +are now but matters of history, we owe to that inquiry. The condition of +the London Poor, in like manner, is now in the course of investigation; +not indeed by an official commission, but by a private individual, Mr. +Henry Mayhew, who is gathering by personal visits to the lowest haunts +of poverty and its attendant vices, and from personal communication with +the people he is describing, an amount of fact illustrative of the +social conditions of the poorest classes in this metropolis, which +deserves, and must receive, the earnest attention of the statesman, the +moralist, and the philanthropist. His work is entitled _London Labour +and the London Poor, a Cyclopaedia of the Condition and Earnings of those +that_ WILL _work, those that_ CANNOT _work, and those that_ WILL NOT +_work_. Vol. I. _The London Street Folk_, is just completed. It is of +most painful interest, for it paints in vivid colours the misery, +ignorance, and demoralisation in which thousands are living at our very +doors; and its perusal must awaken in every right-minded man an earnest +desire to do his part towards assisting the endeavours of the honest +poor to earn their bread--towards instructing the ignorant, and towards +reforming the vicious. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street) +German Book Circular No. 28.; J. Lilly's (19. King Street) very Cheap +Clearance Catalogue No. 2.; J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue +No. 31. of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. Old Street) Register of +Literature, Ancient, Modern, English, Foreign, No. 1.; T. Kerslake's (3. +Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Geological and Scientific Library of +the late Rev. T. Williams. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. + +CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. + +CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. +1756 or 1757. + +AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND +CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. + +REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. +By Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. + +LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. + +CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. + +TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. + +WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. + +LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. + +MAD. D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. II. 1842. + +ADAMS' MORAL TALES. + +AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. + +WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for +a copy in good condition.) + +CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. + +A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY +NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. + +ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. + +HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. + +HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. + +MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge. Vol. +XVII.) + +ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. + +SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. +Edition. + +ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in +1825. + +JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. + +BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. + +BRITISH POETS (Chalmers', Vol. X.) London, 1810. + +CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. + +CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. + +SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of +Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. + +SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. + +SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. + +CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. + +Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being +an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by +Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. + +A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before +the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. + +A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF +COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. + +POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. + +ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. + +MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. + +SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, +1785. Vol. V. + +SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. + +SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols V. VI. 8vo. + + [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage + free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," + 186. Fleet Street. + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. _We are very much obliged to our correspondent +for his kind suggestion, but his proposal a little shocks our modesty. +The subject, he will remember, has been taken up by several of our most +influential contemporaries. It would scarcely become us to suggest that +they should now abandon it to us. We are anxious to help it forward, but +it would be better that we should do so in conjunction with all others +who are willing to labor in the same cause._ + +N. H. (Liverpool) _will find in_ Vol. IV., p. 301. _two replies to his +Query_; _so we hope we shall still number him among our well-wishers._ + +A. J. H., _who inquires respecting_ "The Bar of Michael Angelo," _is +referred to our_ 2nd Vol., p. 166. + +MR. HOLDEN _of Exeter's_ Catalogue _has not been received by us._ + +ABERDONIENSIS _is thanked for his suggestion. Its adoption, however, +does not seem to us advisable for several reasons: one, and that not the +least influential, being, that the course proposed would be an +interference with our valued contemporary_ The Gentleman's Magazine, +_and with that particular department of which it is so valuable--the_ +"Obituary." + +R. H. (Dublin) _shall receive our best attention. We will re-examine the +communications he refers to, and insert such of them as we possibly +can._ + +J. B. C. _Has our correspondent a copy of the article on_ "Death by +Boiling?" + +DR. HENRY'S "Notes on Virgil," _and articles on the_ "Treatise of +Equivocation," "Damasked Linen," "Thomas More and John Fisher," +"Convocation of York," &c., _are unavoidably postponed until our next +Number._ + +REPLIES RECEIVED.--_We are this week under the necessity of postponing +our usual list._ + +_Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., +_will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by +circulating them._ + +VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, +price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ + +NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped +Edition is_ 10_s_. 2_d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office +Order drawn in favor of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. 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I. and II. 8vo. + + II.--HISTORY OF ENGLAND UNDER THE HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER. + With a Sketch of the Early Reformation. 8vo. + + III.--LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. + Vols. V. and VI. The First Years of the American War: 1763-80. + 8vo. + + IV.--HON. CAPT. DEVEREUX'S LIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX: 1540-1646. + Founded upon Letters and Documents chiefly unpublished. 2 vols. + 8vo. + + V.--LADY THERESA LEWIS' LIVES OF THE FRIENDS AND CONTEMPORARIES OF + LORD CHANCELLOR CLARENDON. Illustrative of Portraits in his + Gallery. Portraits. 3 vols. 8vo. + + VI.--GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vols. IX. and X. From the + Restoration of the Democracy at Athens (B.C. 403), to the + Conclusion of the Sacred War (B.C. 346.) Maps. 8vo. + + VII.--MRS. BRAY'S LIFE AND REMINISCENCES OF THOMAS STOTHARD, R.A. + Illustrations. Fcap. 4to. + + VIII.--WORSAAE'S ACCOUNT OF THE DANES AND NORTHMEN IN ENGLAND, + SCOTLAND AND IRELAND. Woodcuts. 8vo. + + IX.--MR. 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Fcap. 8vo. + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND + + ANNUITY SOCIETY, + + 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + + Founded A.D. 1812. + + _Directors._ + + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. + George Drew, Esq. + + _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., + Solicitor-General. + + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + + VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + + POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through + temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given + upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to + the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. + + Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age. _l._ _s._ _d._ + + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + + ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + + Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE + on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of + Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land + Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on + Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., + Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament + Street, London. + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE +BUILDINGS. + + Established 1806. + Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ + Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ + Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ + + _President._ + The Right Honourable EARL GREY. + + _Directors._ + The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. + Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_. + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird + Thomas Maugham, Esq. + William Ostler, Esq. + Apsley Pellatt, Esq. + George Round, Esq. + Frederick Squire, Esq. + William Henry Stone, Esq. + Capt. William John Williams. + + J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. + + _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague + Street, Montague Square. + + NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. + + Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. + + Date of Policy. 1806 + Sum Insured. 2500 + Original Premium. _l._79 10 10 Extinguished + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + _l._1222 2 0 + + Date of Policy. 1811 + Sum Insured. _l._1000 + Original Premium. _l._ 33 19 2 Ditto [Extinguished] + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + _l._231 17 8 + + Date of Policy. 1818 + Sum Insured. _l._1000 + Original Premium. _l._ 34 16 10 Ditto [Extinguished] + Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. + _l._114 18 10 + + Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. + + Policy No. 521 + Date. 1807 + Sum Insured. _l._900 + Bonus added. _l._982 12 1 + Total with Additions to be further increased. _l._1882 12 1 + + Policy No. 1174 + Date. 1810 + Sum Insured. _l._1200 + Bonus added. _l._1160 5 6 + Total with Additions to be further increased. _l._2360 5 6 + + Policy No. 3392 + Date. 1820 + Sum Insured. _l._5000 + Bonus added. _l._3558 17 8 + Total with Additions to be further increased. _l._8558 17 8 + + Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application + to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the + United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. + 50. Regent Street. + + +BY AUTHORITY OF THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS. + + Complete in Three handsome Volumes, price Three Guineas. + + OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIVE AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE + OF THE + GREAT EXHIBITION OF THE WORKS OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, + 1851. + + "A complete literary type of the original to which it refers, + opening up sources of amusement or instruction to every class of + taste, and proving equally at home on the drawing-room table, + handled by fashionable dilettanti in a study, pored over by the + scholar or the man of science, at the merchant's desk as a book of + constant reference--in the factory, the foundry, and the workshop, + as a _repertoire_ for designs, and as highly suggestive for future + progress. A more pleasant work to dive into during an idle hour + can hardly be imagined, for wherever it is taken up there is + something new and striking, and worthy of attention."--_Times._ + + "The work is without a precedent in the annals of literature; and + when we regard the circumstances of difficulty that surrounded the + task of its execution, the praise bestowed on those who undertook + it can scarcely be too great. The Contractors, in that enlarged + spirit which appears to have entered into all that belongs to the + Exhibition, engaged men of reputation and authority in every + department of science and manufacture to contribute such + descriptive notes as should render the work currently instructive. + It thus contains a body of annotations, which express the + condition of human knowledge and the state of the world's industry + in 1851: and is a document of the utmost importance, as a summary + report of this vast international 'stock-taking,' which no great + library--nor any gentleman's library, of those who aim at the + collection of literary standards--can hereafter be without. It is + not the work of a day, a month, or a year: it is for all time. + Centuries hence it will be referred to as an authority on the + condition to which man has arrived at the period of its + publication. It is at once a great Trades Directory, informing us + where we are to seek for any particular kind of manufacture--a + Natural History, recording the localities of almost every variety + of native production--and a Cyclopaedia, describing how far science + has ministered to the necessities of humanity, by what efforts the + crude products of the earth have been converted into articles of + utility or made the medium of that refined expression which + belongs to the province of creative art. The Exhibition has lived + its allotted time, and died; but this Catalogue is the sum of the + thoughts and truths to which it has given birth,--and which form + the intellectual ground whereon the generations that we are not to + see must build.... It will be evident from what has been already + stated that a more important contribution to a commercial country + than the 'Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the + Great Exhibition' could scarcely have been offered.... All + possible means have been taken to render it worthy of the + wonderful gathering of which it is the permanent + record."--_Athenaeum._ + + This work is also published in Five Parts: Parts I. and II., price + 10_s._ each; and Parts III., IV., and V., price 15_s._ each. + + SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. + + WILLIAM CLOWES & SONS, Printers. + + OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and + of all Booksellers. + + +POPULAR RECORD OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.--HUNT'S HANDBOOK, being an +Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and Manufacture of the +Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, 1851. In 2 volumes, +price 6_s._ By ROBERT HUNT, Professor of Mechanical Science, Government +School of Mines. + + "Every care has been taken to render this compilation a record + worthy of preservation, as giving within a limited space a + faithful description of certainly one of the most remarkable + events which has ever taken place upon this island, or in the + world--the gathering together from the ends of the earth, of the + products of human industry, the efforts of human + thought."--_Extract from Preface._ + + "One of the most popular mementoes and histories of the actual + gathering of the nations."--_Athenaeum._ + + "It should be read and retained by all as a compact and portable + record of what they have seen exhibited."--_Literary Gazette._ + + SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. + + WM. CLOWES AND SONS, Printers. + + OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and + of all Booksellers. + + +THE OFFICIAL SMALL CATALOGUE, "Finally Corrected and Improved Edition," +with a full Alphabetical and Classified Index of Contributors and of +Articles exhibited, Lists of Commissioners and others engaged in the +Exhibition. Local Committees and Secretaries, Jurors, and Description of +the Building, &c., bound in one volume, with the British and Foreign +Priced Lists, price 7_s._ 6_d._ + + SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. + + WM. CLOWES AND SONS, Printers. + +OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and of +all Booksellers. + + +BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED. + + Just published in 8vo. price 25_s._ half-bound. + + THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official Personages + of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, Military, + Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the Present + Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public Offices. + Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of + their respective States; the Peerage of England and of Great + Britain; and numerous other Lists. By JOSEPH HAYDN. Author of "The + Dictionary of Dates," and compiler of various other Works. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + +Recently published, price 4_l._ 4_s._ + + THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON, IN VERSE AND PROSE. Printed from the + original editions. With a Life of the Author, by the Rev. JOHN + MITFORD. In Eight Volumes 8vo., uniform with the Library Editions + of Herbert and Taylor. + + WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + +Recently published, 8vo., with Portrait, 14_s._ + + THE LIFE OF THOMAS KEN, Bishop of Bath and Wells. By A. LAYMAN. + + "The Library Edition of the Life of Bishop Ken."--_The Times._ + + ... "We have now to welcome a new and ample biography, by 'a + layman.'"--_Quarterly Review_, September. + + WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + +In one vol., imp. 8vo., 2_l._ 2_s._; large paper, imp. 4to., 4_l._ 4_s._ + + THE DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES, ECCLESIASTICAL AND CIVIL. + By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A., Author of "Dress and Decorations of the + Middle ages." Illuminated Ornaments, &c. &c. + + WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + +CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS. + + Just published, post free, one stamp, + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature, + History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art, + Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books + reduced in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and + European Languages, General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural + History, Medicine, Mathematics, &c. + + [Star symbol] Gratis on application. + + WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. + + +CAB FARE MAP.--H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all +the principal streets marked in half-miles, each space adding 4_d._ to +the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the +Cab Laws luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost +articles, &c. Price 1_s_. coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham +Street West, and all Booksellers. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 22. 1851. + + + + + [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] + + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | + | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | + | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | + | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | + | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | + | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | + | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | + | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | + | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | + | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | + | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | + | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | + | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | + | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | + | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | + | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | + | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | + | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | + | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | + | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | + | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | + | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | + | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | + | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | + +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | + | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | + | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | + | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | + | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | + | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | + | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | + | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | + | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | + | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | + | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | + | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | + | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | + | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | + | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | + | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | + | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | + | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | + | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | + | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | + | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | + | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | + | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | + | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | + | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | + +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | + | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | + | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | + | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | + | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | + | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | + | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | + | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | + | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | + | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | + | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | + | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | + | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | + | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | + | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | + | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | + | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | + | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | + | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | + | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | + | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | + +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ + | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | + | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | + | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | + | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | + | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | + | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | + | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | + | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | + | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | + | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | + | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | + | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | + | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | + | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | + | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | + | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | + +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ + | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | + | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | + | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | + +------------------------------------------------+------------+ + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number +108, November 22, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 22, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 39197.txt or 39197.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/1/9/39197/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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