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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112,
+December 20, 1851, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 112, December 20, 1851
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: April 13, 2012 [EBook #39438]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's note: Characters with macrons have been marked in
+brackets with an equal sign, as [=e] for a letter e with a macron on
+top. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts; equal signs
+indicate =bold= fonts. Original spelling variations have not been
+standardized. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has
+been added at the end.]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION
+
+FOR
+
+LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+VOL. IV.--NO. 112--SATURDAY, DECEMBER 20. 1851.
+
+Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                                Page
+
+
+      NOTES:--
+
+      Wady Mokatteb identified with Kibroth Hattavah, by
+      the Rev. Moses Margoliouth                                 481
+
+      On a Passage in Goldsmith, by Henry H. Breen               482
+
+      Minor Notes:--Biographical Dictionary--The Word
+      Premises--Play of George Barnwell--Traditions from
+      Remote Periods through few Links                           483
+
+      QUERIES:--
+
+      Deodands and their Application, by Jonathan Peel           484
+
+      Minor Queries:--Hell paved with the Skulls of
+      Priests--Charib--Thumb Bible--Tripos--Louis Philippe
+      and his Bag of Nails--Brass Statues at Windsor--Edmund
+      Bohun--Bishop Trelawney                                    484
+
+      MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--Companion Ladder--Macaulay's
+      Ballad of the Battle of Naseby                             485
+
+      REPLIES:--
+
+      The Crucifix as used by the Early Christians, by
+      J. Emerson Tennent                                         485
+
+      The Word "[Greek: Adelphos]." by T. R. Brown               486
+
+      The Roman Index Expurgatorius of 1607                      487
+
+      Replies to Minor Queries:--Hobbes's "Leviathan"--Age
+      of Trees--Treatise against Equivocation--Lycian
+      Inscriptions--Alterius Orbis Papa--Carmagnoles--General
+      James Wolfe--Johannes Trithemius--Sir   William
+      Herschel--Dr. Wm. Wall--Parish Registers--Compositions
+      during the Protectorate--General Moyle--Descendants
+      of John of Gaunt--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Coins
+      of Vabalathus--Engraved Portrait--"Cleanliness is next
+      to godliness"--Cozens the Painter--Whig and Tory--Prince
+      Rupert's Drops--Deep Well near Bansted Downs--Mrs. Mary
+      Anne Clarke--Upton Court                                   487
+
+      MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+      Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.                     493
+
+      Books and Odd Volumes wanted                               494
+
+      Notices to Correspondents                                  494
+
+      Advertisements                                             494
+
+
+
+
+Notes.
+
+
+WADY MOKATTEB IDENTIFIED WITH KIBROTH HATTAVAH.
+
+The difficulty of deciding the antiquity of the famous inscriptions in
+the deserts of Arabia, would be considerably diminished if we could
+ascertain the earliest mention of the valley now known as Wady Mokatteb.
+What I am about to submit to the readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," is
+not a presumptuous or rash suggestion, but an idea diffidently
+entertained, and cautiously and maturely considered.
+
+It is not at all improbable that that valley, with its surrounding rocky
+chronicles, was first mentioned by Moses, the first delineator of the
+"great wilderness." The mention I allude to is to be found in Numbers,
+xi. 26. The passage, as it occurs in the English version, runs thus:
+
+  "But there remained two of the men in the camp, the name of the one
+  was Eldad, and the name of the other was Medad; and the Spirit rested
+  upon them, and they were of them that were written."
+
+The original words of the last clause are but the two following:--
+
+  [Hebrew: vhemah bakkthuwbiym]
+
+which literally signify, "and they were amongst the inscriptions."
+
+A personal and literary examination of the locality of the Sinaitic
+inscriptions convinces me that Eldad and Medad were then in that famous
+region. By a reference to the chapter alluded to, it will be found that
+the children of Israel were then at that awfully memorable place called
+_Kibroth Hattavah_ (ver. 34.), and no one, who has but a slight
+knowledge of scripture topography, will be at a loss to observe that it
+is the very spot where the mysterious inscriptions are found.
+
+Dr. Robinson, in his _Biblical Researches_, vol. i. p. 138., thus
+notices the subject in question:
+
+  "The Sinaite inscriptions are found on all the routes which lead from
+  the West towards Sinai, above the convent El-Arbain, but are found
+  neither on Gebel Musa, nor on the present Horeb, nor on St. Catherine,
+  nor in the valley of the convent; while on Serbal they are seen on its
+  very summit."
+
+Lord Lindsay, in his first letter from _Edom and the Holy Land_,
+introduces the same district in the following words:
+
+  "We now entered Wady Mokatteb, a spacious valley, bounded on the east
+  by a most picturesque range of black mountains, but chiefly famous for
+  the inscriptions on the rocks that line it, and from which it derives
+  its name. There are thousands of them, inscriptions too, and here is
+  the mystery, in a character which no one has yet deciphered."
+
+Now, let the ancient and modern maps be compared, and it will be
+discovered that the same place which is called, in Num. xi. 26.,
+[Hebrew: kthuwbiym], probably on account of its inscriptions, is also
+called by the Arabians [Arabic: wadi el mokatteb] _Wady el Mokatteb_.
+
+Should the identity between Wady Mokatteb and Kibroth Hattavah be
+considered conclusive, then the antiquity of the Sinaitic inscriptions
+is far more remote than the date fixed by certain archaeologists and
+palaeographists; the records may prove to be, in truth and in deed, the
+handy-work of the Israelites during their encampment there.
+
+The readers of the "NOTES AND QUERIES" need scarcely be told that the
+inscriptions were first noticed in the sixth century by Cosmas, a
+Graeco-Indian merchant, who was hence surnamed Indicopleustes. But it is
+necessary to impress the fact that Cosmas, though a man of intelligence
+and of letters, considered that the alphabet in which the inscriptions
+were made, was unknown; but having visited the Wady in company with
+certain well-informed Jews, his Hebrew companions read and deciphered
+several of the records, and decided that the Israelites of the Egyptian
+Exodus were the performers of the inscriptions. All this Cosmas stated
+in his _Christian Topography_ (a work published for the first time in
+1707 by the learned Montfaucon), and concurs in the opinion that the
+ancient Hebrews were the scribes. This circumstance borne in mind, will
+be proof against the theory conceived by Professor Beer, brought forth
+by Dr. Lepsius, adopted and fostered by Dr. Wilson, viz. that an Utopian
+Nabathaean Christian tribe executed those inscriptions during their
+pilgrimages to the sacred localities on Mount Sinai. Is it not strange
+that Cosmas should not have heard that there was such a tribe of scribes
+in the valley? Is it not unaccountable that the knowledge of the
+alphabet should so soon have been forgotten? Cosmas flourished
+comparatively but a short time after the supposed Nabathaeans.
+
+But the advocates of the Nabathaean theory argue that the Sinaitic
+inscriptions must be of a comparatively modern date, since there are
+found amongst them some Greek and Latin ones; and, moreover, the cross
+does sometimes occur in various shapes. I venture to submit that the
+inscriptions bear self-evidence that they have been executed at various
+dates. It is true that by far the greatest number of them display
+indubitable marks of remote antiquity; but there are some which must be
+pronounced juvenile when compared with the _great majority_. The latter
+bear marks of an execution resembling the inscriptions on the ancient
+Egyptian obelisks, whilst the former are rude and superficially cut, and
+already almost effaced. I take, therefore, the Greek and Latin, and
+indeed some of the yet unknown inscriptions, to have been cut at a
+comparatively modern date. Who knows whether Cosmas and his companions
+did not try their hands at a few?
+
+Why should it be thought improbable that the different monks on Mount
+Sinai, who occupied the convent there at various ages, should have done
+their quota to puzzle the modern palaeographist and traveller? Is it
+absolutely impossible that the prefect of the Franciscan missionaries of
+Egypt, who visited the Wady in 1722, and his companions, who were well
+instructed in the Arabic, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, Coptic, Latin,
+Armenian, Turkish, English, Illyrian, German, and Bohemian languages,
+should have chiselled a few in the characters they were most expert? In
+the same manner might the occurrence of the cross be accounted for, if
+it were necessary, without precipitating oneself to the conclusion that
+"the occurrence, in connection with the inscriptions of the cross in
+various forms, indicates that their _origin_ should be attributed to the
+early Christians." But is it possible that such antiquaries as Drs.
+Beer, Lepsius, and Wilson, should be ignorant, or affect to be ignorant,
+that the cross was an ancient hieroglyphic, of a date long before the
+Christian era, well known by the name of _Crux Ansata_, and of the
+_Divina Taw_, and signified among the Egyptians "Life to come"? That the
+form of the cross was used among the Hebrews is conclusive from the fact
+that it was the ancient Hebrew mint letter for the [Hebrew: tav]. What,
+then, is the value of the arguments in behalf of the Nabathaean theory?
+All the specimens that have been given hitherto of the inscriptions, are
+no more in comparison with the vast numbers which literally cover the
+highest mountains, than a drop out of a bucket, including even those
+given in the _Philosophical Transactions_ of 1766, in the _Transactions
+of the Royal Society of Literature_ of 1832, and by the Rev. Charles
+Forster of this year[1], and even adding the 1200 taken by M. Lottin de
+Laval. (See "NOTES AND QUERIES", Vol. iv., p. 332.)
+
+  [Footnote 1: _The One Primeval Language, &c._, by the Rev. Charles
+  Forster. The above is a compendium of two letters which the writer
+  addressed on the subject to his Grace the Archbishop of Dublin,
+  and the late Bishop of Norwich,--to the former from Paris, to the
+  latter from Alexandria. See _A Pilgrimage to the Land of my
+  Fathers_, vol. i. pp. 6-15. Mr. Forster's work did not appear
+  until about a year after the publication of part of the writer's
+  travels.]
+
+    MOSES MARGOLIOUTH.
+
+
+ON A PASSAGE IN GOLDSMITH.
+
+Goldsmith, in _The Deserted Village_, has the lines:
+
+      "Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey,
+      Where wealth accumulates and men decay:
+      Princes and lords may flourish or may fade,
+      _A breath can make them, as a breath has made_;
+      But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
+      When once destroy'd, can never be supplied."
+
+In this passage the fourth line, which I have given in italics, is
+traced by D'Israeli, in _Curiosities of Literature_, under the head of
+"Imitations and Similarities," to the French poet, De Caux, who,
+comparing the world to his hour-glass, says--
+
+                               ---- "C'est une verre qui luit,
+      Qu'un souffle peut _detruire_, et qu'un souffle a _produit_."
+
+The turn given to the thought in the French has suggested to D'Israeli
+an emendation of the passage in Goldsmith. He proposes that the word
+"unmakes" should be substituted for "can make." The line would then
+read--
+
+      "A breath _unmakes_ them, as a breath has made."
+
+This emendation seems to me to be alike ingenious and well-founded. The
+line itself is but the corollary of the one that precedes it; and in
+order to make the sense complete, it should contain antithetical
+expressions to correspond with "flourish" and "fade." Now, between "can
+make" and "made" there is nothing antithetical; but between "made" and
+"unmakes" there is.
+
+In support of this view, I may quote one or two parallel passages, in
+which the antithesis is preserved. The first is a quatrain commemorating
+the devastating effects of an earthquake in the valley of Lucerne in
+1808:
+
+      "O ciel! ainsi ta Providence
+        A tous les maux nous condamna:
+      Un souffle _eteint_ notre existence
+        Comme un souffle nous la _donna_."
+
+The second is a line which occurs in _Curiosities of Literature_, and
+which I am compelled to quote from memory, having no access to that
+work. It is as follows:
+
+      "A breath _revived_ him, but a breath _o'erthrew_."
+
+That Goldsmith wrote the line in question with the word "unmakes," there
+seems little reason to doubt. To say of princes and lords that "a breath
+can make them, as a breath has made," far from conveying any idea of
+their "fading," would be, on the contrary, to indicate the facile
+process by which they may be perpetuated. It would show how they may
+"flourish," but not how they may "fade."
+
+Although this emendation in Goldsmith was pointed out many years ago,
+and recommends itself by its appositeness, and its obvious adaptation to
+the context, yet I believe it has never been introduced into any edition
+of that poet. I have before me two copies of _The Deserted Village_, and
+both contain the words "can make." As, however, among the many useful
+hints thrown out by "NOTES AND QUERIES," that of suggesting the
+emendation of obscure or difficult passages in our poets, appears to
+have met with the approbation of your readers, I trust some future
+editor of Goldsmith may be induced to notice this passage, and restore
+the text to its original accuracy.
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Biographical Dictionary._--May I beg for the assistance of "NOTES AND
+QUERIES" to enforce a want which I am sure is daily felt by thousands of
+educated Englishmen? The want I speak of is that of _a good Biographical
+Dictionary_, coming down to the middle of the century; a dictionary as
+good as the _Biog. Universelle_ for _foreign_ lives, and _a hundred
+times better for English lives_. Every one knows how meagre and
+unsatisfactory is that otherwise magnificent work in its English part.
+Why should we not have an abridged translation, with the home portion
+re-written?
+
+    Z. Z. Z.
+
+_The Word Premises._--The use of the word _premises_ for houses, lands,
+and hereditaments, is surely incorrect. I have never found the word
+_praemissa_ used in any Latin writer in a sense that can sanction the
+modern application of its derivative. Johnson's authority supports the
+view that the word is perverted in being made to stand for houses and
+lands, as he says it is "in low language" that the noun substantive
+"premises" is used in that sense, as, "I was upon the _premises_," &c.
+The office of "the premises" in a deed, say the Law Dictionaries, is to
+express the names of the grantor and grantee, and to specify the thing
+granted. "The _premises_ is the former part of a deed, being all that
+which precedeth the _habendum_ or limitation of the estate." I believe
+the term "parcels" is applied, technically, to the specification of the
+property which forms the subject of a deed. In an instrument, it may not
+be wholly incorrect to refer by the term "premises" to the particulars
+premised, and, if an etymological inaccuracy, it may be excused for the
+sake of avoiding repetitions; but surely we ought not to speak of
+houses, lands, &c. by this term. I see I am not the first to call an
+editor's attention to this point, for, in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of
+Jan., 1795, a correspondent complains of this improper application of
+the word, and attributes the perversion to the lawyers, "who," he says,
+"for the sake of brevity (to which, by-the-bye, they are not much
+attached), have accustomed themselves to the phrase, 'the aforesaid
+_premises_,' whence the word has come to be universally taken as a
+collective noun, signifying manors, tenements, and so on." The absurdity
+of such a use of the word is illustrated by putting it for animals,
+household goods, and personal estate, for which it may as well stand as
+for lands and houses.
+
+    W. S. G.
+
+  Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
+
+_Play of George Barnwell:_--
+
+  "Last Friday a messenger came from Hampton Court to the Play House by
+  the Queen's command, for the manuscript of George Barnwell, for Her
+  Majesty's perusal, which Mr. Wilks carried to Hampton Court early on
+  Saturday morning; and we hear it is to be performed shortly at the
+  Theatre in Hampton Court, for the entertainment of the Royal Family,"
+  &c.--_Daily Post_, Monday, July 5. 1731.
+
+    H. E.
+
+_Traditions from Remote Periods through few Links_ (Vol. iii., pp. 206.
+237.):--
+
+  "My greatest boast in this line is, that I have conversed with Sir
+  Isaac Herd, the celebrated herald, and he had conversed with a person
+  who was present at the execution of Charles I."--Lord Campbell's
+  _Lives of the Chief Justices_, vol. ii. p. 304. note.
+
+    E. H. A.
+
+
+
+
+Queries.
+
+
+DEODANDS AND THEIR APPLICATION.
+
+Blackstone states (1 _Comm._ p. 300.) that a deodand--
+
+  "Is forfeited to the king to be applied to pious uses, and distributed
+  in alms by his high almoner, though formerly destined to a more
+  superstitious purpose. It seems to have been originally designed, in
+  the blind days of Popery, as an expiation for the souls of such as
+  were snatched away by sudden death; and for that purpose ought
+  properly to have been given to holy church."
+
+The authorities for this latter statement are Fitzh., _Abr._, tit.
+"Enditement," pt. 27., and Staunf., _P.C._, 20, 21., neither of which
+books are in my possession, nor in this remote district can I gain
+access to them. Hume, Lingard, Henry, and Rapin, omit all mention of
+this change in the destination of the deodand, at least so far as I can
+find. Fleta, who lived, according to Dr. Cowell (_Interpreter_, in verb.
+"Fleta"), tem. Ed. II., Ed. III., or, according to Jacob (_Law Dic._, in
+ver. "Fleta"), tem. Ed. I., says that--
+
+  "This deodand is to be sold to the poor, and the price distributed to
+  the poor for the soul of the king and all faithful people departed
+  this life."--_Interpreter_, in ver. "Deodand."
+
+It would therefore appear that in Fleta's time it was settled law that
+deodands went to the Crown; nor does this writer seem to take any notice
+of their having been, at any time, payable to the Church. Hawkins, East,
+and I think Hale also, are equally silent upon the point.
+
+Can any of your readers kindly supply the information as to when
+deodands first ceased to be given to the Church, and when they became
+the property of the Crown?
+
+    JONATHAN PEEL.
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+349. _Hell Paved with the Skulls of Priests._--The proverb "Hell is
+paved with good intentions" (Vol. ii. pp. 86. 140.), brings to my
+recollection a remark I once heard from the lips of a French priest. He
+was addressing an audience chiefly composed of students in divinity, and
+while descanting on the peculiar dangers to which ecclesiastics are
+exposed, and the obstacles they have to encounter at every step on the
+road to salvation, he said there could be no doubt that by far the
+greater number of them would incur eternal damnation. "It was this"
+(added he, with an emphasis which sent thrill of horror through all
+present), "It was this that made one of the early fathers assert, that
+Hell is paved with the skulls of priests." I think the preacher
+mentioned Tertullian as his authority for this singular sentiment, but
+he only gave the words: "L'enfer est pave de tetes de pretres." Can any
+of your readers point out the precise passage referred to?
+
+    HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+350. _Charib._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what is the
+derivation and meaning of the word _Charib_? The Charibs were the
+ancient inhabitants, as is well known, of the smaller West Indian
+islands.
+
+    W. J. C.
+
+  St. Lucia.
+
+351. _Thumb Bible._--Can any of your readers tell me the history of the
+Thumb Bible, reprinted by Longman, 1850? Who was "J. Taylor," who seems
+to have been the author? He has strangely spoilt Bishop Ken's Morning
+and Evening Hymns at the conclusion of his book.
+
+    HERMES.
+
+352. _Tripos._--What is the origin of the term "tripos" as applied to
+the mathematical and classical honour lists in the university of
+Cambridge?
+
+    A. F. S.
+
+353. _Louis Philippe and his Bag of Nails._--Has any of your
+correspondents heard a story about a bag of rusty nails which Louis
+Philippe used to carry about with him; with which he considered his fate
+as in some way connected; and which he lost a few days before February
+24, 1848? If so, is it known whether the story is well authenticated?
+
+    R. D. H.
+
+354. _Brass Statues at Windsor._--"The Brass Statues at Windsor," sold
+in 1646 by order of the House of Lords to pay the troops at
+Windsor:--What were these statues?
+
+    WAYLEN.
+
+355. _Edmund Bohun._--Is it possible that some Trans-atlantic notist may
+be able to supply a scrap or two of intelligence respecting the brief
+career of Edmund Bohun, as Chief Justice of South Carolina, 1698-1701? I
+believe he died in the latter year, and was buried at Charlestown.
+
+    S. W. RIX.
+
+  Beccles.
+
+356. _Bishop Trelawney._--To what parliamentary decision does Atterbury
+allude in the subjoined extract from the dedication to Trelawney, Bishop
+of Winchester, prefixed to his Sermons in four volumes, 1723?
+
+  "This and another parliamentary decision, which your lordship not long
+  after with equal difficulty obtained, and by which the bishop's sole
+  right to judge of the qualifications of persons applying for
+  institution was unutterably confirmed, are such instances of your
+  magnanimity and public spirit as will remain in memory while the
+  church or the law of England lasts."
+
+    E. H. A.
+
+
+Minor Queries Answered.
+
+_Companion Ladder._--Why are the stairs leading from the deck to the
+chief cabin of a ship called "the companion ladder?"
+
+    A CONSTANT READER.
+
+  [The _companion_ in merchant ships is a wooden porch placed over the
+  entrance or staircase of the cabin. Hence the ladder by which officers
+  ascend to and descend from the quarter-deck, is called the _companion
+  ladder_.]
+
+_Macaulay's Ballad of the Battle of Naseby._--Where is Mr. Macaulay's
+ballad of the "Battle of Naseby" to be found printed entire? It is not
+republished in the last edition of his _Lays of Ancient Rome_.
+
+    D. B. J.
+
+  [It has never, we believe, been printed since its first publication in
+  _Knight's Magazine_, about the year 1824. From the omission pointed
+  out by our correspondent, it is obvious that the accomplished writer
+  of it does not himself regard this ballad as deserving of
+  republication.]
+
+
+
+
+Replies.
+
+
+THE CRUCIFIX AS USED BY THE EARLY CHRISTIANS.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 422.).
+
+A correspondent questions the accuracy of MR. CURZON's statement, in his
+_Monasteries of the Levant_, that--
+
+  "The crucifix was not known before the fifth or sixth century, though
+  the cross was always the emblem of the Christian faith,"--
+
+and asks for information as to its use, and the dates of the earliest
+examples. Some twenty years ago I devoted some care to this inquiry, and
+the result will be found in a chapter on the decline of the arts in
+Greece, in a _History of Modern Greece_, which I published in 1830. To
+that essay, but more especially to the authorities which it cites, I
+would refer your correspondent; and I think, after an examination of the
+latter, he will be disposed to concur with me, that Mr. Curzon's
+statement is correct. It is in accordance with that of Gibbon, and
+sustained by the same authorities as Basnage, to the effect that the
+first Christians, from their association with the Jews, and their
+aversion to the mythology of the Greeks, were hostile to the use of
+images of any description in their primitive temples, in which they
+reluctantly admitted the figure of the ignominious cross, as a memorial
+of the Redeemer's death. At a later period, however, the veneration for
+the _relics_ of departed saints led to the admission of their painted
+_portraits_, and eventually to the erection of their images and effigies
+in wood and marble. (_Gibbon_, chap. xxiii. xlix.) Reiskius states that
+it was not till the fourth century after Christ that the latter
+innovation began:
+
+  "Ecclesia vero Christiana tribus seculis prioribus ne quidem imagines
+  recepit aut inter sacra numeravit instrumenta. Sed demum sub finem
+  quarti seculi ea lege admisit ut in templis memoriae ac ornatus causa
+  haberentur."--Reiskius, _De Imaginibus Jesu Christi Exercitationes
+  Histor._, ex. i. c. i. sec. ii. p. 12.
+
+Lillio Giraldi concurs with Reiskius:
+
+  "Illud certe non praetermittam nos dico Christianos ut aliquando
+  Romanos fuisse sine imaginibus in primitiva quae vocatur
+  ecclesia."--Lillius Gregorius Giraldus, _Historiae Deorum Syntage_, v.
+  i. p. 15.
+
+The earliest images of Christ were those mentioned as being placed, by
+Alexander Severus, along with those of Abraham, Jupiter, Pythagoras,
+Plato, and Aristotle. (_Reiskius_, ex. vii. c. i. sec. i. p. 151.)
+Constantine placed two equestrian statues of the Saviour in the Lateran
+Church. But Molanus, who mentions the latter fact, insists that there
+were existing about this period numerous statues of the Saviour, which
+he would refer to the time of Pontius Pilate. (_De Historia SS.
+Imaginibus, &c._, lib. i. c. vi. p. 65.)
+
+The most ancient examples now remaining of the decorations employed by
+the early Christians, are doubtless those found in the catacombs at
+Rome. I have not access to any recent copies of these interesting
+antiquities; but so far as my recollection serves, they contain no
+example of a crucifix, or any literal delineation of the death of the
+Saviour. In fact, even in these gloomy retreats, the vigilance of
+persecution compelled the Christians to caution, and forced them to
+conceal, under allegories and mystery, the memorials of their faith; the
+figure of the Redeemer being always veiled under an assumed character,
+most generally that of a shepherd bearing in his arms a recovered lamb.
+This, which is the most common form of allegory of this period, occurs
+in the catacomb of the Via Latina, in that of Priscilla in the Via
+Salaria, discovered in 1776, both of which, according to Aringhi, are
+amongst the oldest Christian monuments now remaining. (_Roma
+Subterranea_, vol. ii. p. 25. 292.) In a sepulchral chamber in the
+cemetery of St. Calixtus, Jesus is represented as Orpheus with a lyre,
+as emblematic of the subduing influences of his life. But his death is
+still more cautiously shadowed forth by the types of Jonas, Isaac on the
+altar of Abraham, and Daniel in the den of lions,--examples of all of
+which are numerous; and the cover of an urn figured by Agincourt
+presents them all three. (_Histoire de l'Art par les Monumens_, vol.
+iv.; _Dec. Sculp._, pl. v. no. 10.)
+
+Art, after its decline in Rome, was later cherished by the Greeks at
+Byzantum, and allegory in their hands, during the third and fourth
+centuries, exhibited a much higher refinement than amongst the
+degenerate Romans,--the divinity and _life_ of Jesus being represented
+in their paintings by a youth of godlike mien and heavenly grace, with
+his foot upon the mane of a lion, whilst his _death_ is still typified
+by a lamb expiring at the foot of a cross, which it sprinkles with its
+blood, and his _resurrection_ by a phoenix, which rests upon the summit
+of a palm-tree, the emblem of his _victory_.
+
+I have stated that even the _cross_, as an emblem, was admitted
+"reluctantly" into the churches of the early Christians. The fact,
+and the causes of this reluctance, are stated fairly by Gibbon
+(ch. xx.), principally on the authorities consulted by Basnage in
+his _Histoire des Eglises Reformees_, to have had their origin in
+the idea of infamy and ignominy which they attached to the mode of
+execution by crucifixion,--feelings analogous to those inspired by
+a gallows or a gibbet; and it required a long lapse of time, even
+after Constantine had abolished throughout the Roman dominions the
+punishment which had prevailed for slaves and malefactors, but which
+the Saviour of mankind had submitted to suffer, before the people
+could be led to regard as a symbol for veneration that which had so
+long been an object of horror and disgust. A most interesting account
+of the subsidence of this feeling, and of its effects upon Sacred Art
+whilst it prevailed, will be found in Emeric David's _Discours sur la
+Peinture Moderne_, p. 115. It rendered allegory so indispensable, that
+in the exhaustion of fancy it declined into conceits and puerility,
+which finally brought the subject into contempt, and compelled the
+hierarchy to exert the influence of the Church for its correction.
+This led to a measure the record of which is strongly corroborative
+of the statement of Mr. Curzon; namely, that A.D. 692, at the Quine
+Sextine, or _Council in Trullo_, it was ordered that thenceforth
+fiction and allegory should cease, and _the real figure of the Saviour
+be depicted on the tree_. (_Can._ 82. _Act. Concil._ Paris, 1714,
+v. iii. col. 1691, 1692.)
+
+The Greeks complied, but with reluctance, to delineate the actual
+crucifixion; and as, in the controversy which arose in the second
+century, and never entirely subsided, regarding the beauty or deformity
+of the Saviour's features, the Greek Church had espoused the side of St.
+Basil, Tertullian, and Origen, who maintained that "he was without form
+or comeliness," their artists exhibited such a spectacle of deformity on
+the cross, that to the present hour a proverb compares a lean and ugly
+person to "un crucifix des Grecs." The Latins and Italians, on the other
+hand, whilst they were equally hostile to the literal exhibition of the
+Redeemer's death, and _forbore for nearly a century_ to comply with the
+orders of the Council _in Trullo_, adopted, as to his beauty, the party
+of Celsus and Chrysostom,--quoted the expression of David, "thou art
+fairer than the children of men,"--and painted the Saviour, albeit
+suspended on the fatal tree, as a youth of heavenly mien; and instead of
+the crown of thorns, the lance, and the sponge, they represented him
+with a diadem, and insensible to suffering or pain.
+
+These remarks, though they will no doubt be insufficient as an answer to
+your correspondent, may perhaps direct him to authorities, the
+consultation of which will satisfy his inquiry.
+
+    J. EMERSON TENNENT.
+
+  London.
+
+
+THE WORD "[Greek: Adelphos]."
+
+(Vol. iv., pp. 339, 458.)
+
+In commenting on the criticisms of J. B., may I be allowed to follow the
+order of his own reasoning as much as possible?
+
+1st. I am glad to find that Scapula is right, but I must object to the
+use of the participle _acquiescing_, as applied to me. My word is
+"_de_duction," and is applied to a rule grounded upon Scapula's
+correctness, and may, I think, settle the sense of those disputed verses
+in Matt. xiii. 55, 56, to say nothing of two indisputable proofs which
+might be adduced.
+
+2nd. _I_ am wrong--for what? for _appearing_, in the eyes of J. B., to
+have done that which I have not done,--for bringing in links of "the
+Indo-Germanic languages," which I have neither done, nor can do.
+
+3rd. "The word is solely and peculiarly Greek." Let me give only one
+etymon by way of preparation for my answer. Let us take the word
+_mouse_. Well, it comes from the Latin _mus_, which comes, you will say,
+from the Greek [Greek: mys], and there are many clever etymologists,
+excepting a few, with J. B. and myself, would say, "it is solely and
+peculiarly Greek;" but _we_ go up to the Sanscrit (the _mother_ of
+European languages), and bring forward _mush_, a mouse, and here is _the
+terminus_--and why? because _mush_ signifies _to steal_, and therefore
+sufficiently describes the nature of the little animal. Now, because we
+cannot _find_ an existing link between the Greek and Sanscrit, is that a
+reason for asserting [Greek: adelphos] to be of pure Greek _origin_? No;
+and if J. B. will only recollect that all words in Sanscrit, excepting
+bare primary roots, are compounded after the same manner as [Greek:
+adelphos] or rather [Greek: del-ph], he will, I hope, find that I have
+_not been wrong_ in my _etymon_. Moreover, let J. B. prove, _if he can_,
+what is _the meaning_ of [Greek: delph] in the Greek, unaided by any
+other language.
+
+4th. Why is the Sanscrit _bhratre_ brought into the contest? perhaps to
+prove what has not been proved, viz. that _it also_ signifies _frater
+uterinus_.
+
+5th. "How happened it that the word [Greek: phrater] was lost in Greek?"
+Why, because the Greeks thought it too _barbarous_ a word to _own_, as
+coming through the Latins from the barbarous Goths, Scandinavians, &c.!
+Let us pass over irrelevant matter till we come to
+
+6th. J. B.'s authoritative rule, "that no apparent similarity between
+words in the Semitic and Asian (read Sanscrit) families can be used to
+establish a real identity, the two classes of language being _radically_
+and fundamentally distinct." Vide _mouse_, and a hundred more roots,
+that might quash this rule.
+
+To conclude, I did not introduce the Sanscrit _dal_ into my former note,
+because, I suppose, an idea passed through my mind that I might offend
+some "_interesting_ points in Greek manners."
+
+I have only one more remark to make, which is, that the Sanscrit
+_bhra-tre_ is a compound word like [Greek: del-phys]. I will give the
+full etymology of this word _bhra-tre_, to prove that J. B. has done
+wrong in bringing in a word to militate against his _own_ rule. Persian,
+_bra-dar_; Sanscrit, _bhra-tre_; Gothic, _bro-thar_; Islandic,
+_bro-dir_; German, _bru-der_; Swedish and Danish, _bro-der_;
+Anglo-Saxon, _bro-ther_. Now, will J. B. prove that the Hebrew, Chaldee,
+and Syriac [Hebrew: bar], _bar_, a son, is not connected with the
+Persian and Sanscrit _bra_ and _bhra_? If he does, I shall doubtless be
+edified.
+
+    T. R. BROWN.
+
+  Vicarage, Southwick, near Oundle.
+
+
+THE ROMAN INDEX EXPURGATORIUS OF 1607.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 440.)
+
+I am happy in being able to give, I trust, a satisfactory answer to the
+Query of your American correspondent U. U., respecting the original
+edition of 1607.
+
+There can be no doubt that the copy in the Bodleian Library is of the
+genuine edition. It was in the Library certainly before the year 1620,
+as it appears in the catalogue printed in that year, and still bears the
+same reference on the shelf as is there given to it, namely, 8vo. I. 32.
+Theol.; and it was doubtless the copy used by Dr. James, who
+superintended the forming of that catalogue, and who died only a few
+months before. The title runs thus:
+
+                                 INDICIS
+       (red ink)                LIBRORVM
+       (red)                 EXPVRGANDORVM
+                    in studiosorum gratiam confecti.
+                              Tomus Primus
+                     _IN QVO QVINQVAGINTA AVCTORVM_
+                _Libri prae ceteris desiderati emendantur._
+       (red ink)
+                    PER FR. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELLEN.
+       (red ink)
+                   SACRI PALATII APOSTOLICI MAGISTRVM
+                   in vnum corpus redactus, & publicae
+                           commoditati aeditus
+       (this first word red)                        (this date red)
+       ------------------------------------------------------------
+       ROMAE,          ex Typographia R. Cam. Apost.       M.DC.VII.
+       ------------------------------------------------------------
+       (the line above red)
+                          SVPERIORVM PERMISSV.
+
+There is a full stop at confecti, also at emendantur, and at
+Brasichellen; but no stop whatever at auctorum. It extends (besides
+eight leaves of title and preliminary matter) to pp. 742. On the recto
+of the next and last leaf, "Series chartarum," &c., and at the bottom:
+
+                             ROMAE, M.DC.VII.
+               ----------------------------------------
+               _Ex Typographia Reu. Camerae Apostolicae._
+               ----------------------------------------
+                          SVPERIORVM PERMISSV.
+
+There is also in the Bodleian Library a copy of the Bergomi edition, the
+title of which is as follows:
+
+       (red ink)                 INDICIS
+                                LIBRORVM
+       (red)                 EXPVRGANDORVM
+                      In studiosorum gratiam confecti
+       (red)                  TOMVS PRIMVS
+                  In quo quinquaginta Auctorum Libri prae
+                       caeteris desiderati emendantur
+       (red)           PER F. IO. MARIAM BRASICHELL.
+                      Sacri Palatij Apost. Magistrum
+            _In vnum corpus redactus & pub. commoditati aeditus._
+
+At the bottom:
+
+       (red)                ROMAE Primo, Deinde
+                  BERGOMI, _typis Comini Venturae_, 1608.
+
+This edition extends to 608 pages, in double columns, besides the
+preliminary matter, consisting of four articles, of which the first in
+this edition is the last in the genuine copy of 1607,--a circumstance
+mentioned by Clement as peculiar to the Altdorff edition; but here the
+signatures run to pages in eights, whereas the Altdorff edition "qu'ne
+remplit qu'un alphabet, et seize feuilles."
+
+I have never seen a copy of the Ratisbon edition.
+
+    B. B.
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Hobbes's "Leviathan"_ (Vol. iv., p. 314.).--The meaning of the
+frontispiece to the first edition of this work, is, I imagine,
+sufficiently obvious. The large figure representing a commonwealth holds
+in his right hand a sword, in his left a pastoral crook. He is the
+emblem of a commonwealth "ecclesiastical and civil" (as the title of the
+book shows us). Ranged down one side of the page, under the
+sword-bearing arm, are the weapons and resources which the State
+possesses. Down the other side of the page, under the protection of the
+pastoral staff, is the corresponding armament of the Church. Thus, a
+castle and a church, a crown and a mitre, a cannon and spiritual
+thunderbolts, a trophy of guns and spears, &c., and one of dilemmas
+(represented by a pair of bull's horns), syllogisms (made like a
+three-pronged fork), and the like; these, ending with a battle on one
+side, a convention of bishops on the other, show the power which (as
+Hobbes would have it) each arm of the commonwealth should be able to
+have at its command. The whole picture is at best an absurd conceit, and
+very unworthy of the author of the _Leviathan_.
+
+    H. A. B.
+
+The best edition of Hobbes's works was printed 1750. The print of
+_Leviathan_ in it is neither like Charles nor Cromwell, of whom I have
+old and good prints, and many. The print has at the bottom of it
+"_Written_ by Thos. Hobbs, 1651."
+
+    C. J. W.
+
+_Age of Trees_ (Vol. iv., p. 401.).--I am rather surprised that your
+correspondent L., in his enumeration of remarkable trees, and
+collections of trees, in Great Britain, makes no mention, whilst on the
+subject of yew, of the splendid collection of old yew trees in Kingley
+Bottom, near Chichester, in Sussex. Should L. never have visited this
+charming spot, and its green antiquities, I can promise him a rich treat
+whenever he does so. Common report of the neighbourhood, from time
+immemorial, gives these venerable trees a date as far back as the
+landing of the sea-kings on the coast of Sussex; and sundry poems by
+local bards have been written on this theme.
+
+On one of the most prominent of the South Down Hills, rising immediately
+above the yew-tree valley, and called Bow Hill, are two large, and some
+smaller tumuli, which are always called by the natives the graves of the
+sea-kings, who with their followers are supposed to have fallen in a
+battle fought under these very yew trees.
+
+Can anybody tell me if the age of any of these trees has ever been
+ascertained? Kingley Bottom, or, as people now-a-days prefer calling it,
+Kingley Vale, is so much frequented as a spot for pic-nics and festive
+days, that I have no doubt many of your readers have seen the trees to
+which I refer, and can bear me out in asserting that they are worthy of
+ranking, in age and beauty, with any of their species in the kingdom.
+
+    SCANDINAVIAN.
+
+The "Hethel Thorn," so well known to many Norfolk people, is on a farm
+now the property of that munificent patron of historical literature, Mr.
+Hudson Gurney, by whom it was purchased from Sir Thomas Beevor. The
+first Sir Thomas always said it was mentioned in a deed of 1200 and odd,
+as a boundary, under the appellation of "the Old Thorn." It is stated,
+also, that it is mentioned in some chronicle as _the thorn_ round which
+a meeting of insurgent peasantry was held during the reign of King John
+(can any readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" give a reference to the precise
+passage?). An etching of this interesting relic has been made by Mr.
+Ninham. The involution of its branches, which are all hollow tubes, as
+heavy as iron, is most curious; and although the tree is certainly
+diminished of late years, it still puts out leaves and berries
+vigorously.
+
+    W. J. T.
+
+_Treatise against Equivocation_ (Vol. iv., p. 419.).--Your correspondent
+EUPATOR has, in his examination of the MS. of this treatise, overlooked
+a title prefixed by Garnet, which furnishes the heading by which the
+book is correctly entered in the Catalogue of the Laudian MSS. as _A
+Treatise against (not _of_ or _for_) Lying and Fraudulent
+Dissimulation_. "Of" was first written, but at once crossed out, and
+"against" written _after_ it, _not_ interlined. Of the two errors which
+EUPATOR points out, the one was made at the press, by failure in reading
+the contraction for "verbo," which is printed correctly at length at p.
+43., and the other was a mistake on the part of the transcriber.
+
+    W. D. M.
+
+_Lycian Inscriptions_ (Vol. iv., p. 383.).--As to the double language in
+Homer of the gods and men, Heyne and others have thought (ad _Il._ A.
+403.) that the one was the old language, the other the modern. See
+Clarke ib., who thinks one was the learned name, the other the vulgar:
+but gives a scholion of the former opinion. The passages are as follow:
+
+      _Il._                   Gods.              Men.
+      [Greek: Alpha] 403.     Briareus           AEgaeon.
+      [Greek: Beta] 813.      Tomb of Myrine     Batiea.
+      [Greek: Xi] 291.        Chalcis            Cymindis.
+      [Greek: Upsilon] 74.    Xanthus            Scamander.
+
+All these words, except one, are plain Greek,--and that one is a word of
+men. It is impossible, therefore, that the gods' language could have
+been the antiquated Greek language.
+
+In the _Odyssey_ ([Greek: Kappa] 305.) Mercury says that a certain plant
+is called _Moly_ by the gods, and that it is very difficult for men to
+find. The answer to the question, What do men call it? therefore would
+probably have been, that they have no name for it at all. It is an odd
+word, not easy to derive, and ending in _u_; which Aristotle says is the
+ending of only five words in Greek, and one of those, [Greek: asty], was
+obsolete as an appellative in Aristotle's time.
+
+Ichor, though applied in Homer to the gods, he does not say was a word
+of the gods; and as it is used in Hippocrates, it is more probably a
+dialectic than an antiquated word. Its termination, however is rare; and
+in another instance, [Greek: tekmor], was obsolete in Aristotle's time
+(_Rhet. init._).
+
+As to the Lycian language, the alphabet is said, in the appendix to
+Fellows, to resemble partly the Greek, partly the Zend, and one or two
+letters the Etruscan. The language is said (ib. 430.) to resemble the
+Zend more than any other known language; but to differ too much to be
+considered as a dialect of Zend, and must rank as a separate language.
+
+I would observe, that one of the peculiarities mentioned, as compared
+with all the Indo-Germanic languages--namely, the having no consonant at
+the end of the masculine or feminine accusative--existed in the old
+Latin, as in the Scipionic tombs, "optimo viro, omne Loucana."
+
+Sir Edmund Head, in the _Classical Museum_, No. II., considers the
+people to be the Solymi of Homer.
+
+    C. B.
+
+_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. ii., p. 497.).--In Twysden's _Historical
+Vindication of the Church of England_, p. 22. (Cambridge edition, 1847),
+I find--
+
+  "After the erection of Canterbury into an archbishopric, the bishops
+  of that see were held _quasi alterius orbis papae_, as Urban II. styled
+  them."
+
+In a note, William of Malmesbury (_De Gestis Pontif._, lib. i. in
+Anselm., p. 223. l. 33.) is referred to as authority for the above
+statement. Urban II. was pope from 1087 to 1099.
+
+    C. W. G.
+
+_Carmagnoles_ (Vol. iv., p. 208.).--Your querist W. B. H. will perhaps
+accept the following partial solution of his question, which has been
+communicated to me by one of your own distinguished correspondents in
+France. It is contained in a little volume published by Duellersan under
+the following title, _Chansons Nationales et Populaires de France_,
+Paris, 1846, 32mo:
+
+  "Cette horrible chanson, la Carmagnole, est un monument curieux de la
+  folie demagogique, et nous la donnons pour faire voir avec quelle
+  poesie brutale on excitait le peuple. Elle eut une vogue en Aout 1792,
+  epoque a laquelle Louis XVI. fut mis au Temple. Elle devint le signal
+  et l'accompagnement des joies feroces et des executions sanglantes. On
+  dansait la _Carmagnole_ dans les bals; on la dansait au theatre et
+  autour de la guillotine. Barrere appelait les discours qu'il
+  prononcait a la Convention, _des Carmagnoles_. L'air, qui est
+  veritablement entrainant, etait joue en pas redouble dans la musique
+  militaire; mais Bonaparte la defendit, ainsi que le _Ca-ira_, lors
+  qu'il fut Consul.
+
+  "Cette chanson parut au moment ou les troupes Francaises venaient
+  d'entrer triomphantes dans la Savoie et le Piemont. On ignore si la
+  musique et la danse de _la Carmagnole_ sont originaires de ce pays."
+
+In the month of January, 1849, the General-in-Chief of the army of
+Paris, Changarnier, having taken vigorous measures to prevent new
+tumults, the first verse of the original, which commences--
+
+      "Madame Veto avait promis
+      De faire egorger tout Paris,"
+
+was thus parodied:
+
+      "Changarnier avait promis
+      De faire bruler tout Paris," &c.
+
+    PERIERGUS BIBLIOPHILUS.
+
+_General James Wolfe_ (Vol. iv., p. 271.).--The late Admiral Frank
+Sotheron, of Kirklington Hall, near Southwell, Notts, was, I have heard,
+related to Wolfe, and possessed a portrait and several letters of his.
+Admiral Sotheron died some ten years ago, but his daughter (and only
+child) married the present member for Wilts, who afterwards took the
+name of Sotheron.
+
+    J. M. W.
+
+I have a portrait of Wolfe in my possession, and, I believe, the
+original from which the print, stated to be a scarce and contemporary
+one, was taken, which furnishes the frontispiece to the second volume of
+the _History of the Canadas_, by the author of _Hochelaga_. It fell,
+singularly enough, into my hands a short time previous to the appearance
+of the work in question, and I have been enabled since to trace its
+possession by parties, and amongst them members of my own family, for a
+very lengthened period. The artist I have not been able to discover; but
+perhaps some possessor of the print, should the name appear, will afford
+this information.
+
+    C. A. P.
+
+  (Great Yarmouth.)
+
+As your pages have lately contained several communications on the
+subject of General Wolfe, I send you the following story, which I heard
+from a lady now deceased. Some time after Wolfe's death his family
+wished to give some memorial of him to the lady who had been engaged to
+him, and they consulted her as to the form which it should take. Her
+answer was, "A diamond necklace;" and her reason, because she was going
+to be married to another person, and such an ornament would be useful.
+My informant, whose birth, according to the _Peerage_, was in 1766, had,
+in her earlier days, often met this lady, and described her as showing
+remains of beauty, but as no wiser than this anecdote would lead us to
+suppose her.
+
+    J. C. R.
+
+_Johannes Trithemius_ (Vol. iv., p. 442.).--This noted historian and
+divine was born at Trittenheim, in the electorate of Treves, in 1462. He
+became abbot of Spanheim about 1482, where he made a rich collection of
+manuscript and printed books. In 1506 he was appointed abbot of St.
+James at Wurtzbourg. His writings are numerous, and there is an ample
+collection of them in the British Museum. In his _Nepiachus_ he gives an
+account of his life and studies. He died at Wurtzbourg in 1516. The
+learned and judicious Daunou thus characterises the volume _De
+scriptoribus ecclesiasticis_: "Malgre beaucoup d'omissions et d'erreurs,
+ce livre a ete fort utile a ceux qui ont depuis mieux traite la meme
+matiere; on le consulte encore aujourd'hui."
+
+Leland, Bale, Pits, and Wharton, have recorded their obligations to
+Trithemius. The venerable Leland quotes him frequently, under the name
+of Trittemius, and styles him "homo diligentiae plane maximae nec minoris
+lectionis."
+
+    BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+  "John Trytheme was a German Benedictine, and Abbot of Hirsauge, A.D.
+  1484. He was the author of _A Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers_,
+  several _Letters_, Treatises of _Piety_, of _Doctrine_, and
+  _Morality_, other historical works, and _The Chronicle of
+  Hirsauge_."--(See Dufresnoy's _Chronological Tables_.)
+
+It would appear that the work _Trithemii Collectanea de Scriptoribus
+Ecclesiasticis_ has gone through several editions; and Walch tells us
+that "inter omnes ea eminet, quam Jo. Alberto Fabricio debemus." The
+following remarks also respecting Trithemius appear in Walch's
+_Bibliotheca_ (tom. iii. p. 389.):
+
+  "Incipit Trithemius a Clemente Romano; recenset scriptores 970; ac
+  testatur, se in opere hoc conficiendo per septem fere annorum spatium
+  elaborasse. Possevinus, Labbeus, atque alii, varios ejus errores
+  chronologicos ac historicos notarunt. Quodsi autem rationem temporis
+  reputamus, quo Trithemius vixit scripsitque, causa omnino est, cur eum
+  ob errata non reprehendamus, sed excusemus atque industriam illius
+  laudemus."
+
+Cave, also, in his _Historia Literaria_ (part ii. p. 569.), gives us a
+brief account of Trithemius, and of his literary productions.
+
+    E. C. HARRINGTON.
+
+  The Close, Exeter.
+
+The work of John Trittenheim, _De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis_, is held
+in high and deserved repute. (See Fabricius, _Biblioth. Latin. Med.
+AEtat._, iv. 451.) He died abbot of Wuertzburg, in 1518. The copy of A. W.
+H. is the first edition, which was published at Mainz (Moguntia) in
+1494.
+
+    C. H.
+
+_Sir William Herschel_ (Vol. ii., p. 391.).--Your correspondent gives
+the quotation about the star observed in Virgo, which he supposes
+identical with Neptune, quite correctly, except in one very material
+point--the observer's name. The passage in question will be found in
+Captain W. H. Smyth's _Cycle of Celestial Objects_, vol. ii. p. 264.,
+and is extracted from a letter addressed to him by M. Cacciatore of
+Palermo, in 1835, many years after the death of Sir William. H. C. K. is
+not the first person who has suggested the identity of the objects; but,
+as pointed out by Captain Smyth in a paper on Neptune, in the _United
+Service Journal_ for 1847, Part II., Neptune must, in 1835, have been
+fully 120[degrees] from the position assigned by Cacciatore to the star observed
+by him.
+
+    J. S. WARDEN.
+
+  Balica, Oct. 1851.
+
+_Dr. Wm. Wall_ (Vol. iv., p. 347.).--Your decision to exclude any
+further contributions upon the question of the "Marriage of
+Ecclesiastics" is most judicious. But ought the portion of Mr. HENRY
+WALTER'S reply respecting Dr. Wall to pass unnoticed? Had the writer
+referred to any of the biographical dictionaries in ordinary use, he
+would have discovered that the "well-known Mr. Wall who wrote on
+baptism" had conferred on him by the University of Oxford the degree of
+D.D., to testify their high opinion of his writings.
+
+In addition to the Doctor's works on the baptismal controversy, two
+books, which are not often met with now, were published after his death,
+bearing the following titles:--
+
+  "Brief Critical Notes, especially on the various readings of the New
+  Testament Books. With a Preface concerning the Texts cited therein
+  from the Old Testament, as also concerning the Use of the Septuagint
+  Translation. By W. Wall, S.T.P., author of the History of Infant
+  Baptism, London, 1730." 8vo., pp. lxiv. 415.
+
+  "Critical Notes on the Old Testament, wherein the present Hebrew Text
+  is explained, and in many places amended, from the ancient Versions,
+  more particularly from that of the LXXII. Drawn up in the order the
+  several Books were written, or may most conveniently be read. To which
+  is prefixed a large Introduction, adjusting the Authority of the
+  Masoretic Bible, and vindicating it from the objections of Mr.
+  Whiston, and the Author of the Grounds and Reasons of the Christian
+  Religion. By the late learned William Wall, D.D., Author of the
+  History of Infant Baptism. Now first published from his Original
+  Manuscript. London, 1734." 2 vols. 8vo. pp. lxi. 307. 354. v.
+
+These are valuable works, explaining many difficult expressions.
+
+    JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+_Parish Registers_ (Vol. iv., p. 232.).--J. B. is referred for the acts
+of parliament relating to "Parish Registers," to Burn's _History of
+Parish Registers_, 1829. This work has been out of print fifteen or
+sixteen years, but may be seen in many public libraries.
+
+    J. S. B.
+
+_Compositions during the Protectorate_ (Vol. iv., p. 406.).--W. H. L.
+will probably find what he wants in a small volume, easily met with,
+entitled _A Catalogue of the Lords, Knights, and Gentlemen that have
+compounded for their Estates_, London, 1655, 12mo.; or another edition,
+enlarged, Chester, 1733, 8vo. (See _Lowndes_, vol. i. p. 363.)
+
+    H. F.
+
+_General Moyle_ (Vol. iv., p. 443.).--Major General John Moyle, who died
+in 1738, and was buried at Rushbrooke, near Bury St. Edmund's, was the
+son of the Rev. John Moyle, of Wimborne Minster, co. Dorset, by Mary his
+wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Giles Eyre, Kt., one of the Judges of
+the Common Pleas. General Moyle, by his wife, who was Isabella daughter
+of Sir Robert Davers, of Rushbrooke, Bart., had a family of five sons
+and one daughter; the latter married Samuel Horsey, Bath king-at-arms.
+
+    G. A. C.
+
+_Descendants of John of Gaunt_ (Vol. iv., p. 343.).--A. B. may be right
+as to there being "some little confusion in Burke's excellent work."
+There certainly is no "_little_ confusion" in A. B.'s communication.
+
+Margaret Beaufort, successively Countess of Richmond and Derby, the
+mother of King Henry VII., was the only child of John Beaufort, the
+first Duke of Somerset.
+
+What can A. B. mean by "Henry, Edmund, and John, successively dukes of
+Somerset," to whom he conjectures Margaret Beaufort might have been
+sister? There were not three brothers Beaufort successively _dukes_ of
+Somerset; nor were there ever three successive dukes of Somerset named
+Henry, Edmund and John; though there certainly was a succession of John,
+Edmund, and Henry, they being respectively father, uncle, and cousin of
+Margaret.
+
+John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who had been created Marquis of
+Somerset and Dorset, was, on his death (1410), succeeded in the earldom
+of Somerset by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who dying without issue
+(1418), the second son, John Beaufort, succeeded to this earldom. He was
+created _Duke_ of Somerset (1443), and on his death without male issue
+(1444), the dukedom became extinct; but the earldom of Somerset
+descended to his brother, Edmund Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset (the third
+son of John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset), who was afterwards (1448)
+created Duke of Somerset. He was slain at the battle of St. Alban's
+(1455), and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry Beaufort, who was
+beheaded in 1463. He is said to have been succeeded by his next brother,
+Edmund Beaufort; but it is doubtful if the fact were so, and the better
+opinion seems to be that the dukedom became extinct by the attainder of
+Duke Henry in 1463.
+
+"The second and last Duke John," alluded to by A. B., is altogether a
+myth: the last Beaufort Duke of Somerset was either Henry or Edmund; and
+there was but one Duke John, and he was not the "second and last," but
+the _first_ duke.
+
+    C. H. COOPER.
+
+  Cambridge.
+
+_Church of St. Bene't Fink_ (Vol. iv., p. 407.).--I think some account
+of the inscriptions, or of their having been transcribed, will be found
+in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, as well as of those removed by the
+destruction of the church of _St. Michael's, Crooked Lane_, in order to
+make the approaches for new London Bridge; there, also, I think I have
+seen some account of the inscriptions in the church pulled down for the
+erection of the _Bank of England_. The preservation of the monumental
+records of the dead has been so frequently suggested in "NOTES AND
+QUERIES," that I will not occupy space by urging further arguments in
+favour of the scheme proposed for the transcription and preservation of
+inscriptions on monuments and grave-stones. The numerous churches which,
+in these days, are undergoing alterations and repairs, call for your
+continued exertion to effect the object you have already submitted for
+the purpose in former numbers. The ancient church of St. Mary, Lambeth,
+has just been rebuilt, and many of the monumental tablets will of
+necessity be removed from their former sites, and grave-stones may
+disappear. The venerable _Ashmole_ lies at the entrance of the old
+vestry, under a flat stone; and outside, a short distance from the
+window, lies _Tradescant_, under a large altar-tomb in a state of decay!
+
+    G.
+
+When the church of St. Bene't Fink was pulled down, to make room for the
+new Royal Exchange in 1844, the monumental tablets, &c. were removed to
+the church of St. Peter's-le-Poor in Old Broad Street, to which Parish
+the former is now annexed.
+
+    J. R. W.
+
+  Bristol.
+
+_Coins of Vabalathus_ (Vol. iv., pp. 255, 427.).--An article on the
+coins of the Zenobia family appeared in the _Revue Numismatique_, 1846,
+vol. xi. p. 268. The writer of that article says--
+
+  "Il est impossible de rendre compte du mot [Greek: SROIAS] ou
+  [Greek: SRIAS], qui precede, sur quelques pieces, le nom de
+  _Vabalathus_. La meme observation s'applique aux medailles Latines
+  du meme prince, dont le nom est suivi d'un certain nombre de
+  lettres, VCRIMDR ou VCRIIVID auxquelles on s'est efforce
+  inutilement de trouver un sens."
+
+    W. W.
+
+_Engraved Portrait_ (Vol. iv., p. 443).--This is the portrait of Daniel
+De Foe, and was engraved by W. Sherwin. The verses underneath are--
+
+      "Here you may see an honest face,
+      Arm'd against Envy and Disgrace,
+      Who lives respected still in spite
+      Of those that punish them that write."
+
+It is mentioned in _The Catalogue of English Heads_, by Jos. Ames, p.
+57.
+
+    JOHN I. DREDGE.
+
+"_Cleanliness is next to godliness_" (Vol. iv., p. 256.).--The author of
+the Epistle to the Hebrews says (ch. x. v. 22.):
+
+  "Let us draw near with a true heart, in full assurance of faith,
+  having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies
+  washed with pure water."
+
+It has long been my opinion that the proverb in question arose from the
+above text, in which _a pure conscience_, a necessary condition of
+_godliness_, is immediately followed by an injunction to _cleanliness_.
+
+    H. T.
+
+_Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--I would refer your
+correspondent, for the few particulars known of him, to Edwards's
+_Anecdotes of Painting_, 1808 (in continuation of Horace Walpole's
+_Anecdotes_), p. 120.
+
+Cozens's chief patrons were Wm. Beckford, Esq., of Fonthill; G. Baker,
+of St. Paul's Churchyard; John Hawkins, Esq., of Bognor; and the Earl of
+Harewood (of his time). If your correspondent wishes to see some few
+fine specimens of his works, Mr. George Smith, of Hamilton Terrace, and
+Charles Sackwille Bale, Esq., of Cambridge Terrace, possess some very
+fine ones. Mr. J. Heywood Hawkins has at Bognor his father's collection.
+
+Cozens's fine drawings are very uncommon, and he is now little known,
+though one of the fathers of the Water-Colour School, and of the highest
+ability. I am not aware of any published portrait of him: your
+correspondent's portrait of him by Pine is therefore interesting. Pine
+was Cozens's mother's brother.
+
+    FRANCIS GRAVES.
+
+In addition to the opinion ascribed to Mr. Turner, it may be mentioned
+that the late John Constable, R.A., spoke of Cozens as "_the_ greatest
+of landscape-painters." I cannot at present give a reference to Leslie's
+_Life of Constable_, but am sure that this saying occurs there more than
+once.
+
+    J. C. R.
+
+_Whig and Tory_ (Vol. iv., pp. 57. 281.).--In addition to what has
+appeared in "NOTES AND QUERIES" respecting the etymology of these terms,
+I send you a note of what Lingard says on the matter:
+
+  "The celebrated party name _Tory_ is derived from _toringhim_, to
+  pursue for the sake of plunder. The name was given to certain parties
+  in Ireland, who, refusing to submit to Cromwell, retired into bogs and
+  fastnesses, formed bodies of armed men, supporting themselves and
+  their followers by the depredations which they committed on the
+  occupiers of their estates. They were called _Raperees_ and _Tories_."
+
+  "It was during the reign of Charles II. that the appellations of
+  _Whig_ and _Tory_ became permanently affixed to the two great
+  political parties.... The first had long been given to the Covenanters
+  on the west of Scotland, and was supposed to convey a charge of
+  seditious and anti-monarchical principles...."
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+_Prince Rupert's Drops_ (Vol. iv., pp. 234. 274.).--In your reply to the
+Query respecting these drops, you state that it is not certain in what
+country they were invented; I may therefore mention that the French call
+them _larmes Bataviques_, from the circumstance of their being made in
+Holland; from whence some were sent to Paris in 1656, to the Swedish
+minister there, M. Chanut.
+
+    PHILIP S. KING.
+
+_Deep Well near Bansted Downs_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I am well
+acquainted with the country immediately south of the Bansted Downs, and
+can give W. S. G. some information about the wells there.
+
+I know no country where there is so great a scarcity of water. The
+nearest stream is a small branch of the Mole, which has its rise some
+three miles off, just beyond Merstham (pronounced "Meestrum"). The ponds
+are very few and shallow, so that the inhabitants have to rely on wells
+for their water. Wells, however, are an expensive luxury, and appertain
+only to the better-most dwellings. I know several labourers' cottages
+distant upwards of a mile from the nearest well or pond; they use what
+water they catch, and when that is gone, shift as they best can,--most
+commonly do without. This scarcity of water may be the reason why a
+district within fifteen miles of London is so thinly populated.
+
+The country is very hilly, and even the valleys are some height above
+the level of London. Woodmansterne is said to be the highest point in
+Surrey next to Leith Hill.
+
+Most of the farm-houses and superior cottages have wells, and many of
+these are of considerable depth. There is one just at the foot of
+Bansted Downs (and consequently in the valley), which is 120 feet deep.
+After a dry summer this well is very low, and after a second quite
+empty. This is about the general depth of the valley wells. There is one
+in the railway valley, below Chipsted Church, some 100 feet deep; I have
+never known it dry. Within a stone's throw of this last, the London and
+Brighton railway runs in a very deep cutting,--I have been told the
+deepest railway cutting in England,--and great fears were entertained
+that this deep cutting would drain this and several neighbouring wells.
+The only way, however, in which the railway affected the wells, was to
+cut right through one, parts of which may still be seen in the
+embankment.
+
+It is not always the case that a deep well will drain its shallow
+neighbours. At the Feathers Inn, at Merstham, is a well cut in the solid
+chalk, 160 feet deep; this was quite out the other day, while two or
+three wells not fifty yards off, each thirty feet deep, had plenty of
+water.
+
+Of course the wells on the hills are much deeper than those in the
+valleys. At a farm called Wood Place, some three miles from Bansted, is
+a well 365 feet deep; it is never actually out of water; four pair of
+hands are needed to raise the bucket.
+
+At a farm called Portnals, about a mile from Bansted, is the deepest
+well I know in these parts; a horse is required to draw the water. It is
+some 460 feet, and, I have been told, generally somewhat low. All these
+wells are, I believe, in the chalk.
+
+In this part of Surrey are some wells said to be 500, 600, or even 700
+feet deep.
+
+W. S. G. may find some resemblance between the above and the one he
+wants, else there is no truth in a well.
+
+I fear I am taking more of your space than my subject merits. I will
+therefore briefly conclude with a Query.
+
+Where are the deepest wells in England?
+
+    P. M. M.
+
+_Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke_ (Vol. iv., p. 396.).--Is Mrs. Mary Anne Clarke
+really dead?
+
+She was alive two years since, and was then living with her son, Colonel
+Clarke, somewhere on the Continent. Colonel Clarke is an officer of the
+line, and is universally respected.
+
+I obtained the above information from a friend and brother officer of
+the Colonel.
+
+    FM.
+
+_Upton Court_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--My friend Miss Mitford gives a most
+interesting account of Upton Court in the _Ladies' Companion_ for August
+1850, which, as I know the place well, I believe to be perfectly
+correct. A short extract may not be unwelcome:
+
+  "Fifty years ago a Catholic priest was the sole inhabitant of this
+  interesting mansion. His friend, the late Mrs. Lenoir, Christopher
+  Smart's daughter, whose books, when taken up, one does not care to put
+  down again, wrote some verses to the great oak. Her nieces, whom I am
+  proud to call my friends, possess many reliques of that lovely
+  Arabella Fermor of whom Pope, in the charming dedication to the most
+  charming of his poems, said that 'the character of Belinda, as it was
+  now managed, resembled her in nothing but beauty.'
+
+  "Amongst these reliques are her rosary, and a portrait, taken when she
+  was twelve or thirteen years of age. The face is most interesting: a
+  high, broad forehead; dark eyes, richly fringed and deeply set; a
+  straight nose, pouting lips, and a short chin finely rounded. The
+  dress is dark and graceful, with a little white turned back about the
+  neck and the loose sleeves. Altogether I never saw a more charming
+  girlish portrait, with so much of present beauty and so true a promise
+  of more,--of that order, too, high and intellectual, which great poets
+  love. Her last surviving son died childless in 1769, and the estate
+  passed into another family.
+
+  "Yet another interest belongs to Upton; not indeed to the Court, but
+  to the Rectory. Poor Blanco White wrote under that roof his first
+  work, the well-known _Doblado's Letters_; and the late excellent
+  rector, Mr. Bishop, in common with the no less excellent Lord Holland
+  and Archbishop Whately, remained, through all that tried and alienated
+  other hearts, his fast friend to his last hour."
+
+The portrait of Arabella Fermor is in Reading, purchased at a sale at
+Upton Court many years ago, when the property changed hands.
+
+    JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+  Southcote Lodge.
+
+
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.
+
+Of the value of broadsides, flying sheets, political squibs, popular
+ballads, &c. few can doubt; while the advantage of having these snatches
+of popular literature, when collected, deposited in some public and
+easily accessible library, will be readily admitted by all who may have
+had occasion to trespass on the time and attention (readily as they may
+be afforded to parties entitled to claim them), of the Master and
+Fellows of Magdalene, when requiring to consult the matchless collection
+of ballads, penny merriments, and chap books, deposited in their library
+by Samuel Pepys. These remarks have been suggested to us by a very
+handsome quarto volume entitled _Catalogue of Proclamations, Broadsides,
+Ballads, and Poems presented to the Chetham Library_, by J. O.
+Halliwell, Esq. As this catalogue is limited to one hundred copies, and
+has been printed for private circulation only, we must confine ourselves
+to announcing that it contains an enumeration of upwards of three
+thousand documents of the classes specified, many of them of very
+considerable interest, which the zeal of Mr. Halliwell has enabled him
+to gather together, and which his liberality has led him to deposit in
+the Chetham Library. We have marked several articles to which we propose
+to call the attention of our readers at some future moment; and we have
+no doubt that the Halliwell Collection in the Chetham Library, is one
+which will hereafter be frequently referred to, and consulted by,
+literary men.
+
+If the Popular Mythology of these islands is ever to be fitly recorded,
+its most important illustration will be found in the writings of Grimm
+and his fellow-labourers. How zealously they are pursuing their search
+after the scattered fragments of the great mythological system which
+once prevailed in Germany is shown by a new contribution to its history,
+which has just been published by J. W. Wolf, under the title of
+_Beitraege zur Deutschen Mythologie_: I. _Goetter und Goettinnen_. In this
+volume the reader will find not only much that is new and interesting in
+connection with the history of the great mythic heroes and heroines, but
+very valuable supplements on the subject of Superstitions and Popular
+Charms.
+
+Mr. D'Alton, the author of _The History of Drogheda_, is about to
+dispose of his Historical, Topographical, and Genealogical MS.
+Collections. They occupy upwards of 200 volumes, and comprise, on the
+plan of Watt's _Bibliotheca_, copious references to, and extracts from
+Records, Registries, Pleadings, Wills, Funeral Monuments, and Manuscript
+Pedigrees. They are to be sold wholly, or in lots, as classified at the
+commencement of Mr. D'Alton's _Annals of Boyle_.
+
+Messrs. Ellis and Son, watchmakers, of Exeter, have published a very
+interesting _Map showing the Time kept by Public Clocks in various Towns
+in Great Britain_. Among many other curious notes which may be made on
+this subject, we may mention that it is Sunday in Inverness and Glasgow
+nearly seventeen minutes earlier than at Plymouth; and it will be 1852
+in Liverpool eleven minutes before it will be so in Bristol.
+
+Messrs. Cook and Hockin, of 289. Strand, have prepared a cheap, but very
+complete Chemical Chest, to accompany _Stockhardt's Principles of
+Chemistry illustrated by Simple Experiments_, recently published by Bohn
+in his _Scientific Library_.
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+TIMES NEWSPAPER, 1835 to 1840, or any of those years, in Vols. or
+Numbers.
+
+FUESSLEIN, JOH. CONRAD, BEYTRAGE ZUR ERLAEUTERUNG DER
+KIRCHEN-REFORMATIONS-GESCHICHTE DES SCHWEITZERLANDES. 5 Vols. Zurich,
+1741.
+
+THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND. 7_s._ 6_d._ will be given for a good complete
+copy.
+
+SOUTHEY'S EDITION OF COWPER. Vols. X. XII. XIII. XIV.
+
+JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DUBLIN. Vol. I. Part I. (Several
+copies are wanted, and it is believed that many are lying in London or
+Dublin.)
+
+MITFORD'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. VI. Cadell, 1822. 8vo.
+
+WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. 15_s._ will be given for a
+copy.
+
+FLUDD (ROBERT, M.D.) _alias_ DE FLUCTIBUS, called the Searcher. Any of
+his works.
+
+BEHMEN'S (JACOB) GENESIS.
+
+LAW'S APPEAL, &c.
+
+LAW'S APPEAL CASE OF REASON.
+
+  [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage
+  free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186.
+  Fleet Street.
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+PERMANENT ENLARGEMENT OF "NOTES AND QUERIES."--_In compliance with the
+suggestion of many of our correspondents, and for the purpose of giving
+more ready insertion to the Replies which we receive to their Queries,
+we propose to enlarge our Paper permanently to 24 pages; making it 32
+pages when occasion requires. This change, called for moreover by the
+increase of our correspondence consequent on our increased circulation,
+will take place on the 3rd of January next, when we shall commence our_
+Fifth Volume. _From that day the price of our paper will be_ 4_d. for
+the unstamped, and_ 5_d. for stamped copies. By this arrangement we
+shall render unnecessary the double or Sixpenny Numbers now issued
+nearly every month; thus avoiding a good deal of occasional confusion,
+and rendering the price of the enlarged_ "NOTES AND QUERIES" _for the
+whole year very little more than it is at present._
+
+_We have to apologize to many of our correspondents, more especially our
+Querists, for the non-insertion of their communications. But we have
+been anxious at the close of our Volume to insert as many Replies as
+possible. We hope, with the New Year, and our new arrangements, to
+render such explanations as the present unnecessary._
+
+_We are unavoidably compelled to omit our usual list of_ REPLIES
+RECEIVED.
+
+_Errata._--Page 343, No. 105, for "Beltrus" read "Beltr_ee_s;" for
+"Kilbarchum" read "Kilbarch_a_n."
+
+
+
+
+Handsome Christmas Present and New Year's Gift.
+
+  BY AUTHORITY OF THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS.
+
+  THE COMPLETE OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIVE AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of the
+  GREAT EXHIBITION of the WORKS of INDUSTRY of ALL NATIONS, 1851. In
+  Three handsome Volumes, price Three Guineas.
+
+    "This Catalogue is the only one that will at all times have the
+    power of recalling to recollection the most interesting features
+    of the Crystal Palace."--_Athenaeum._
+
+    "We predict for the Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue
+    of the Great Exhibition a standard reputation. It has an enduring
+    interest in the mass of valuable information of almost every
+    description which it contains. Every object in the collection will
+    be found noted down and described with the amount of particularity
+    due to it."--_Times._
+
+  This Work is also published in Five Parts:--Parts I. and II. price
+  10_s._ each; and Parts III. IV. and V. price 15_s._ each.
+
+  2. HUNT'S HANDBOOK TO THE GREAT EXHIBITION. In Two Volumes, price
+  6_s._
+
+    "One of the most popular mementoes and histories of the actual
+    gathering of the nations."--_Athenaeum._
+
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+
+    "Finally Corrected and Improved Edition," with INDEXES and PRICED
+    LISTS, &c., price 7_s._ 6_d._
+
+  SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. WM. CLOWES AND SONS,
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+      William Cabell, Esq.
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+      James Hunt, Esq.
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+      E. Lucas, Esq.
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+      J. Basley White, Esq.
+      Joseph Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._
+
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+      L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.
+      George Drew, Esq.
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+       Date. 1807
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+
+       Policy No. 1174
+       Date. 1810
+       Sum Insured. _l._1200
+       Bonus added. _l._1160   5  6
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+
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+       Date. 1820
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+
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+
+  VII.--THE WORKS OF ROBERT BURNS. Complete Illustrated Edition,
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+  each. TALES and SKETCHES, including several Pieces not before
+  published. 6 vols. small 8vo. 3_s._ 6_d._ each.
+
+  IX.--BOOK OF SCOTTISH SONG; a Collection of the best and most
+  approved Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern. With Critical and
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+  9_s._ Morocco elegant, 11_s._
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+  XI.--POEMS AND LYRICS. By ROBERT NICOLL. With a Memoir of the
+  Author. Fourth Edition. Price 3_s._ 6_d._
+
+  XII.--RANKE'S HISTORY OF THE PAPACY, POLITICAL, and
+  ECCLESIASTICAL, in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.
+  Translated from the latest German Edition, by DAVID DUNDAS SCOTT,
+  Esq.; with Notes by the Translator, and an Introductory Essay by
+  J. H. MERLE D'AUBIGNE, D.D. Illustrated with Twenty Portraits.
+  Complete in 20 Parts, 1_s._ each; 2 vols. cloth, 21_s._
+
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+  vols. cloth, 21_s._
+
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+
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+
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+  Journal._
+
+  London: JAMES DARLING, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's-inn-fields.
+
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+Vols. I. and II. now ready.
+
+  Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s._ each.
+
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+  MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One Shilling Books each
+  containing a complete Story.
+
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+      Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR.
+
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+      Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE.
+      Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE.
+      Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS.
+      Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA.
+
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+      Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA.
+
+  SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationer's Hall Court.
+
+
+Now ready. Price 25_s._, Second Edition, revised and corrected.
+
+  Dedicated by Special Permission to
+
+  THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+  PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected
+  by the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music
+  arranged for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One,
+  including Chants for the Services, Responses to the Commandments,
+  and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, by J. B. SALE, Musical
+  Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, in morocco
+  cloth, price 25_s._ To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21, Holywell
+  Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office
+  Order for that amount: and by order, of the principal Booksellers
+  and Music Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with
+    our Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+    appears."--_Musical World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of
+    Chanting of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+  Also, lately published,
+
+  J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2_s._
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+Cab Laws, luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost
+articles, &c. Price 1_s._ coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham
+Street West, and all Booksellers.
+
+
+On the 1st of January, Part I. price 4_s._ of
+
+      A DICTIONARY OF
+      GREEK AND ROMAN GEOGRAPHY.
+      BY VARIOUS WRITERS.
+
+  Illustrated with Coins, Plans of Cities, Districts and Battles,
+  &c.
+
+  EDITED BY WILLIAM SMITH, LL.D., Editor of the Dictionaries of
+  "Greek and Roman Antiquities," and of "Biography and Mythology."
+
+  Although for the sake of uniformity, it is called a Dictionary of
+  _Greek_ and _Roman_ Geography, it will be in reality a Dictionary
+  of _Ancient_ Geography, including even Scriptural Names. At
+  present there does not exist, either in the English or in the
+  German languages, any work on Ancient Geography sufficiently
+  comprehensive and accurate to satisfy the demands of modern
+  scholarship. And yet there are few subjects connected with
+  antiquity for which we have such ample materials. The discoveries
+  of modern travellers, as well as the researches of modern
+  scholars, have, within the last few years, added greatly to our
+  knowledge of Ancient Geography; and it will be the aim of the
+  Editor to present, in the present work, the results of their
+  labours in this important branch of Classical Antiquity.
+
+  The work will, of course, not be confined to a barren description
+  of the geography of countries and of the sites of places; but it
+  will also include an account of the political history, both of
+  countries and of cities. An attempt will likewise be made to
+  trace, as far as possible, the history of the more important
+  buildings of the cities, and to give an account of their present
+  condition, wherever they still exist.
+
+  [Star symbol] To appear in Quarterly Parts, and to form One Volume,
+  Medium 8vo.
+
+  London: TAYLOR, WALTON, and MABERLY, 28. Upper Gower Street, and
+  27. Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; and JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+
+BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED.
+
+  Just published, in 8vo., price 25_s._ half-bound,
+
+  HAYDN'S BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official
+  Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial,
+  Military, Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the
+  Present Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public
+  Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the
+  Foundation of their respective States; the Peerage of England and
+  of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists.
+
+    "It is impossible to speak too highly of this stupendous
+    repository of historical information."--_John Bull._
+
+    "We should find it difficult to speak too highly of a vast labour
+    of this kind, so useful in the benefits it extends to others, so
+    modest in the praise it challenges for itself."--_Examiner._
+
+    "It is difficult to exaggerate the usefulness of a compilation
+    like this. To all public and official men, and to others engaged
+    in various branches of historical research, it will be a book of
+    constant reference."--_Morning Post._
+
+    "The 'Book of Dignities' will become a necessary volume in all
+    public offices, and will be found in most libraries a valuable
+    book of reference, in affording information of a kind not
+    elsewhere collected together, while it may be relied on as recent
+    and authentic."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+  London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.
+
+
+Valuable and Curious Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq.
+
+  MESSRS. S. LEIGH SOTHEBY & JOHN WILKINSON, Auctioneers of Literary
+  Property and Works illustrative of the Fine Arts, will SELL by
+  AUCTION, at their House, 3. Wellington Street, Strand, on MONDAY,
+  December 22d., 1851, and following Day, at 1 o'Clock precisely, a
+  very Valuable Collection of Books, including the Second Portion of
+  the Library of the late Edward Drummond Hay, Esq., comprising
+  numerous Rare and Curious Articles in Theological and Historical
+  Literature, Works relating to the early History of America,
+  curious Voyages and Travels, Old Poetry, &c., and containing,
+  among others of importance, Capt. (John) Davis's Worldes
+  Hydrographical Description, 1595, containing his Three Voyages to
+  the Northern Ocean, the Presentation Copy to Prince Henry, with
+  Autograph Note of the Writer; De Bry's Voyages, Three Parts,
+  1590-2, the Plates finished in Gold and Silver, for the purpose of
+  Presentation; a large Copy of T. Coryate's Crudities, 1611, with
+  his Crambe and Odcombian Banquet: Rare Pieces, by Nicolas Breton,
+  Tom Nash, John Heywood, Geo. Whetstone, &c. Also, Copies of King
+  Edward VI.'s (1549 and 1552) and Queen Elizabeth's Editions of the
+  Prayer-Book, 1559; with other Interesting Books in Black Letter.
+  Sets of the Historical Society and the Parker Society
+  Publications, &c.
+
+  May be viewed two days prior, and Catalogues had of
+
+  MESSRS. PARKER, Oxford; DEIGHTON, Cambridge; LANGBRIDGE,
+  Birmingham; HODGES and SMITH, Dublin; BLACKWOOD, Edinburgh; and at
+  the place of Sale. If in the country, on receipt of four postage
+  stamps.
+
+
+H. NOEL HUMPHREYS' NEW WORK.
+
+  Now ready, in super-royal 8vo., price 28_s._ handsomely bound in
+  cloth, gilt edges, with 12 beautiful Chromo-lithographic
+  illustrations, &c.
+
+  TEN CENTURIES OF ART; its Progress in Europe from the Ninth to the
+  Nineteenth Century; with a Glance at the Artistic Productions of
+  Classical Antiquity, and Considerations on the probable influence
+  of the Great Exhibition, and on the present state and future
+  prospects of Art in Great Britain. By H. NOEL HUMPHREYS.
+
+  By the same Author,
+
+  ANCIENT COINS AND MEDALS, with numerous Examples of Rare and
+  exquisite Greek and Roman Coins executed in actual Relief, and in
+  their respective Medals. Second Edition. Price 25_s._ bound.
+
+  GRANT & GRIFFITH, corner of St. Paul's Churchyard.
+
+
+Just published, Fcap. 8vo. cloth, price 6_s._
+
+  SERMONS on the DOCTRINES and MEANS of GRACE, and on the Seven
+  Words from the Cross. By GEORGE TREVOR, M.A., Canon of York.
+
+  London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. CLXXIX. ADVERTISEMENTS and BILLS for the
+forthcoming Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 22nd
+instant.
+
+  JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+
+Nearly ready in 1 vol. post 8vo., illustrated with Maps.
+
+  INDIA IN GREECE, or TRUTH in MYTHOLOGY, by E. POCOCKE, Esq. This
+  work, containing the earliest History of Greece drawn from
+  original sources, treats of the Colonization of that Country from
+  North Western India; of the Buddhistic Propaganda, the Tartarian
+  Mission, and the Wars of the Grand Lama in Hellas. Corresponding
+  Maps of India and Greece, exhibit the exact parent tribes and
+  districts of the latter country--in Cashmir, Thibet, Tartary,
+  Afghanistan, and North Western India. This geographical basis
+  leads the way to a thorough revision of Early Hellenic History,
+  whereby the Cyclopes, Autochthones, Erectheus, Cecrops,
+  Corybantes, Cabeiri, and a long list of mythologic agents are at
+  once placed in the category of History. This work, equally adapted
+  to the general reader and the scholar, corroborates in the most
+  interesting way the Scriptural Accounts of the Hebrew Settlements
+  of the Children of Israel in Palestine, and demonstrates their
+  wars with the Tartar and Rajpoot tribes of that country.
+
+  JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London.
+
+  RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., Glasgow.
+
+
+This day, Octavo, 10_s._ 6_d._
+
+  MANUAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE. Edited by the Rev. C. G. NICOLAY,
+  F.R.G.S. Part the First, containing
+
+  MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY, by M. O'BRIEN, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of
+  Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in King's College, London.
+
+  PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, by D. T. ANSTED, M.A., F.R.S., Professor of
+  Geology in King's College, London.
+
+  CHARTOGRAPHY, by J. R. JACKSON, F.R.S., late Secretary of the
+  Royal Geographical Society.
+
+  THEORY OF DESCRIPTION AND GEOGRAPHICAL TERMINOLOGY, by Rev. C. G.
+  NICOLAY, F.R.G.S., Librarian of King's College, London.
+
+  Also (to accompany the "Manual of Geographical Science"), 5_s._
+
+  ATLAS OF PHYSICAL AND HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY. Engraved by J. W.
+  LOWRY, under the direction of Professor ANSTED and Rev. C. G.
+  NICOLAY.
+
+  London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+
+THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST.
+
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+
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+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New
+Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and
+published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St.
+Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet
+Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December 20. 1851.
+
+
+
+
+      [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV]
+
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. I.                                   |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.     | Date, Year        | Pages     | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  1 | November  3, 1849 |   1 -  17 | PG #  8603  |
+      | Vol. I No.  2 | November 10, 1849 |  18 -  32 | PG # 11265  |
+      | Vol. I No.  3 | November 17, 1849 |  33 -  46 | PG # 11577  |
+      | Vol. I No.  4 | November 24, 1849 |  49 -  63 | PG # 13513  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No.  5 | December  1, 1849 |  65 -  80 | PG # 11636  |
+      | Vol. I No.  6 | December  8, 1849 |  81 -  95 | PG # 13550  |
+      | Vol. I No.  7 | December 15, 1849 |  97 - 112 | PG # 11651  |
+      | Vol. I No.  8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652  |
+      | Vol. I No.  9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 10 | January   5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG #        |
+      | Vol. I No. 11 | January  12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653  |
+      | Vol. I No. 12 | January  19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575  |
+      | Vol. I No. 13 | January  26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 14 | February  2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558  |
+      | Vol. I No. 15 | February  9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929  |
+      | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193  |
+      | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 18 | March     2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544  |
+      | Vol. I No. 19 | March     9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638  |
+      | Vol. I No. 20 | March    16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409  |
+      | Vol. I No. 21 | March    23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958  |
+      | Vol. I No. 22 | March    30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 23 | April     6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505  |
+      | Vol. I No. 24 | April    13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925  |
+      | Vol. I No. 25 | April    20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747  |
+      | Vol. I No. 26 | April    27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Vol. I No. 27 | May       4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712  |
+      | Vol. I No. 28 | May      11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684  |
+      | Vol. I No. 29 | May      18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197  |
+      | Vol. I No. 30 | May      25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713  |
+      +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. II.                                  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.      | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 31 | June  1, 1850      |   1- 15 | PG # 12589  |
+      | Vol. II No. 32 | June  8, 1850      |  17- 32 | PG # 15996  |
+      | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850      |  33- 48 | PG # 26121  |
+      | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850      |  49- 64 | PG # 22127  |
+      | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850      |  65- 79 | PG # 22126  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 36 | July  6, 1850      |  81- 96 | PG # 13361  |
+      | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850      |  97-112 | PG # 13729  |
+      | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850      | 113-128 | PG # 13362  |
+      | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850      | 129-143 | PG # 13736  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 40 | August  3, 1850    | 145-159 | PG # 13389  |
+      | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850    | 161-176 | PG # 13393  |
+      | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850    | 177-191 | PG # 13411  |
+      | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850    | 193-207 | PG # 13406  |
+      | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850    | 209-223 | PG # 13426  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 45 | September  7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462  |
+      | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936  |
+      | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 49 | October  5, 1850   | 289-304 | PG # 13480  |
+      | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850   | 305-320 | PG # 13551  |
+      | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850   | 321-351 | PG # 15232  |
+      | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850   | 353-367 | PG # 22624  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 53 | November  2, 1850  | 369-383 | PG # 13540  |
+      | Vol. II No. 54 | November  9, 1850  | 385-399 | PG # 22138  |
+      | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850  | 401-415 | PG # 15216  |
+      | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850  | 417-431 | PG # 15354  |
+      | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850  | 433-454 | PG # 15405  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. II No. 58 | December  7, 1850  | 457-470 | PG # 21503  |
+      | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850  | 473-486 | PG # 15427  |
+      | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850  | 489-502 | PG # 24803  |
+      | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850  | 505-524 | PG # 16404  |
+      +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. III.                                 |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year        | Pages   | PG # xxxxx  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 62 | January  4, 1851  |   1- 15 | PG # 15638  |
+      | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851  |  17- 31 | PG # 15639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851  |  33- 47 | PG # 15640  |
+      | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851  |  49- 78 | PG # 15641  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 66 | February  1, 1851 |  81- 95 | PG # 22339  |
+      | Vol. III No. 67 | February  8, 1851 |  97-111 | PG # 22625  |
+      | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639  |
+      | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 70 | March  1, 1851    | 161-174 | PG # 23204  |
+      | Vol. III No. 71 | March  8, 1851    | 177-200 | PG # 23205  |
+      | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851    | 201-215 | PG # 23212  |
+      | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851    | 217-231 | PG # 23225  |
+      | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851    | 233-255 | PG # 23282  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 75 | April  5, 1851    | 257-271 | PG # 23402  |
+      | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851    | 273-294 | PG # 26896  |
+      | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851    | 297-311 | PG # 26897  |
+      | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851    | 313-342 | PG # 26898  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 79 | May  3, 1851      | 345-359 | PG # 26899  |
+      | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851      | 361-382 | PG # 32495  |
+      | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851      | 385-399 | PG # 29318  |
+      | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851      | 401-415 | PG # 28311  |
+      | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851      | 417-440 | PG # 36835  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Vol. III No. 84 | June  7, 1851     | 441-472 | PG # 37379  |
+      | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851     | 473-488 | PG # 37403  |
+      | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851     | 489-511 | PG # 37496  |
+      | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851     | 513-528 | PG # 37516  |
+      +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+
+      | Notes and Queries Vol. IV.                                  |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol., No.       | Date, Year         | Pages   | PG # xxxxx |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 88  | July  5, 1851      |   1- 15 | PG # 37548 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 89  | July 12, 1851      |  17- 31 | PG # 37568 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 90  | July 19, 1851      |  33- 47 | PG # 37593 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 91  | July 26, 1851      |  49- 79 | PG # 37778 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 92  | August  2, 1851    |  81- 94 | PG # 38324 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 93  | August  9, 1851    |  97-112 | PG # 38337 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 94  | August 16, 1851    | 113-127 | PG # 38350 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 95  | August 23, 1851    | 129-144 | PG # 38386 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 96  | August 30, 1851    | 145-167 | PG # 38405 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No.  97 | Sept.  6, 1851     | 169-183 | PG # 38433 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  98 | Sept. 13, 1851     | 185-200 | PG # 38491 |
+      | Vol. IV No.  99 | Sept. 20, 1851     | 201-216 | PG # 38574 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851     | 217-246 | PG # 38656 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct.  4, 1851      | 249-264 | PG # 38701 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851      | 265-287 | PG # 38773 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851      | 289-303 | PG # 38864 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851      | 305-333 | PG # 38926 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov.  1, 1851      | 337-358 | PG # 39076 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov.  8, 1851      | 361-374 | PG # 39091 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851      | 377-396 | PG # 39135 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 108 | Nov. 22, 1851      | 401-414 | PG # 39197 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 109 | Nov. 29, 1851      | 417-430 | PG # 39233 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol. IV No. 110 | Dec.  6, 1851      | 433-460 | PG # 39338 |
+      | Vol. IV No. 111 | Dec. 13, 1851      | 465-478 | PG # 39393 |
+      +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+
+      | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850]             | PG # 13536 |
+      | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850     | PG # 13571 |
+      | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851     | PG # 26770 |
+      +------------------------------------------------+------------+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number
+112, December 20, 1851, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 20, 1851 ***
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