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diff --git a/40019-h/40019-h.htm b/40019-h/40019-h.htm index b24e777..533345d 100644 --- a/40019-h/40019-h.htm +++ b/40019-h/40019-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Barren Ground of Northern Canada, by Warburton Mayer Pike</title> <style type="text/css"> @@ -98,26 +98,10 @@ table { </style> </head> <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 40019 ***</div> <h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Barren Ground of Northern Canada, by Warburton Mayer Pike</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> -<p>Title: The Barren Ground of Northern Canada</p> -<p>Author: Warburton Mayer Pike</p> -<p>Release Date: June 17, 2012 [eBook #40019]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BARREN GROUND OF NORTHERN CANADA***</p> <p> </p> -<h4>E-text prepared by Moti Ben-Ari<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br /> - from page images generously made available by<br /> - Internet Archive<br /> - (<a href="http://archive.org">http://archive.org</a>)</h4> <p> </p> <table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10"> <tr> @@ -1101,7 +1085,7 @@ game with as little delay as possible, I determined to make the journey as well as I could with canoes.</p> <p>It was now that I made the acquaintance of -King Beaulieu's sons, François, José, and Paul, +King Beaulieu's sons, François, José, and Paul, each of them married and father of such a big family that it makes one tremble for the future of the Great Slave Lake country when the next @@ -1458,7 +1442,7 @@ send back before the setting in of winter; only two women, King's wife and daughter, were to come with us to dry meat, dress deerskins, and make moccasins. Besides them our crew consisted -of King Beaulieu, his sons François, José, +of King Beaulieu, his sons François, José, Paul, and Baptiste (a boy of twelve), Michel (King's son-in-law), and a small Indian boy who had thrown in his lot with us as the best visible @@ -1505,7 +1489,7 @@ had a chance of finding them close to the lake, but as a matter of fact we had several days' journey<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> yet before we fell in with them. It now seemed pretty certain that we were in for a spell of what -my companions alluded to as <i>les misères</i> till we +my companions alluded to as <i>les misères</i> till we reached the meat-country, the joys of which formed the chief subject of talk round the camp-fires.</p> @@ -1657,7 +1641,7 @@ middle of the night, and we all got up and finished the last mouthful. Again we had no breakfast, and the early morning found us discussing various plans in rather a serious manner. The final -decision was that Paul and François should push +decision was that Paul and François should push ahead to try and find the caribou, while the rest of us moved the camp to the north end of the lake and worked the fishing till their return; six @@ -1696,8 +1680,8 @@ the sky, and far away in the distance we could hear the ominous howling of wolves. Late in the night I awoke, and, on lighting my pipe, was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> greeted by King with the remark: "Ah! Monsieur, -une fois j'ai goûté le pain avec le beurre; le -bon Dieu a fait ces deux choses là exprès pour +une fois j'ai goûté le pain avec le beurre; le +bon Dieu a fait ces deux choses là exprès pour manger ensemble."</p> <p>Long before daylight we put off in the canoe @@ -1770,7 +1754,7 @@ boulders.</p> <p>Late in the evening we heard a gun, and, on our replying, four or five shots were fired in rapid succession, the signal of good news; soon afterwards -Paul and François came in, each carrying +Paul and François came in, each carrying a small load of meat, which we finished promptly. They had fallen in with the caribou about thirty miles on, and reported them to be moving south @@ -1901,7 +1885,7 @@ Ground caribou (which name I prefer, as distinguishing it from the woodland caribou, the only other member of the reindeer tribe existing on the American continent) is the sole representative -of the Cervidæ found in this locality.</p> +of the Cervidæ found in this locality.</p> <p>The chief distinction between this animal and its cousin the woodland caribou, or <i>caribou des @@ -2349,7 +2333,7 @@ rations we had had to put up with before we fell in with the caribou.</p> <p>My crew consisted at starting of King, Paul, -François, Michel, and José; but as the two latter +François, Michel, and José; but as the two latter speedily showed signs of discontent I made no objection to their turning back, and despatched them to Fond du Lac to get ready the dog-sleighs, @@ -2507,7 +2491,7 @@ while the others paddled the canoe, but we could find neither musk-ox nor caribou; at midday we met and changed places, King and myself making rather a bold crossing in the shaky little canoe, -while Paul and François walked round. On approaching +while Paul and François walked round. On approaching the north shore of the lake we noticed a raven rise and throw himself on his back in the air, uttering the curious gurgling note which always @@ -2526,7 +2510,7 @@ us, but we had eaten nothing for some time, and one is not particular in such cases, especially as it is never certain when the next meal will turn up. We robbed from the wolverines and ravens, -and, signalling to Paul and François, made a meal +and, signalling to Paul and François, made a meal of the half-putrid flesh in a little patch of willow scrub that happened to be close at hand. It is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> never pleasant to find the game you are hunting @@ -2544,7 +2528,7 @@ to cross with on our return, and walked on late into the night, hoping to find some more willows, but eventually made a wretchedly cold camp without fire on a long promontory, to which we always -after alluded as Le Point de Misère. A +after alluded as Le Point de Misère. A light snowstorm made us still more uncomfortable, and it was well on in the next afternoon before we found willows enough to make a fire, @@ -2701,7 +2685,7 @@ dragged them after us, finding it far easier than carrying them on our shoulders.</p> <p>Another night we spent without fire on the -Point de Misère, and on October 3rd crossed the +Point de Misère, and on October 3rd crossed the Coppermine amidst running ice, and there abandoned the little canoe. On the south side of the river we fell in with the biggest band of caribou @@ -2889,7 +2873,7 @@ The caribou kept turning up most opportunely, and we had no real hardships from want of food. Fuel was nearly always insufficient, but we only<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> had two fireless camps, both on the Point de -Misère. In many places we used black moss in +Misère. In many places we used black moss in addition to whatever willow scrub we could collect, and so long as the weather was dry found it quite good enough for boiling a kettle, but @@ -2918,7 +2902,7 @@ on our hunt of the musk-ox, which had so far not proved successful. The same old wrangling and abuse of each other ensued, and finally the following decision was arrived at. Paul and -François were to go back to Fond du Lac, so +François were to go back to Fond du Lac, so soon as their feet were in a fit condition to travel; they were to occupy themselves in getting ready the dog-sleighs, and to return on the first deep @@ -2987,7 +2971,7 @@ On returning to camp we could throw ourselves down on a pile of caribou skins and smoke our pipes in comfort, but the women's work was never finished. The rib bones have all to be picked out, -and the <i>plat côte</i> hung up in the smoke to dry; +and the <i>plat côte</i> hung up in the smoke to dry; the meat of haunches and shoulders must be cut up in thin strips for the same purpose, and the bones have to be collected, pounded down, and @@ -3303,7 +3287,7 @@ tall stories that are told of their numbers, I cannot believe that the herds on the prairie ever surpassed in size <i>La foule</i> of the caribou.</p> -<p>Soon after the migration had passed, José +<p>Soon after the migration had passed, José Beaulieu arrived from Fond du Lac in company with an Indian, having made the journey on foot in eight days. Things had apparently gone all @@ -3313,7 +3297,7 @@ lay hands on, both provisions and ammunition. They had then quarrelled over the division of the spoil, but as the caribou turned up within two days of the house contentment was now reigning. -José had brought a little tea and tobacco, +José had brought a little tea and tobacco, of which we were now badly in need, and a long string of grievances against his brothers at Fond du Lac. He had done nothing to help me in any @@ -3326,7 +3310,7 @@ made before reaching the Lac du Rocher, and stealing the tobacco that I was relying on for our next trip in the Barren Ground.</p> -<p>José reported the woods to the south of us to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> +<p>José reported the woods to the south of us to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> be full of caribou, and a big band of Yellow Knives camped at the Lac de Mort, some of whom were talking of coming for a musk-ox @@ -3340,7 +3324,7 @@ in the weather, while in any case it would be late in the year before we got back to Fond du Lac.</p> -<p>After José left we relapsed into our lazy existence +<p>After José left we relapsed into our lazy existence of eating and sleeping, having no more excuse for hunting; occasionally we made a short trip on snow-shoes to examine some of our <i>caches</i> @@ -3375,7 +3359,7 @@ came in sight over the ridge. At first I could recognise no one, as the day had been very cold and their faces were covered with hoar frost, which makes it hard to distinguish one man from -another; but they turned out to be Paul, François, +another; but they turned out to be Paul, François, and Michel, besides several Indians, among whom was Zinto, the chief of the Yellow Knives, who had come some hundred miles from his hunting-camp @@ -3493,7 +3477,7 @@ us all by saying that he would not go with us. What the grievance was I never found out, but he was obstinate on the point. I had been relying on him for interpreter, and was rather -annoyed at his refusal to go, especially as François, +annoyed at his refusal to go, especially as François, the best French speaker in the outfit, declared his intention of returning straight to Fond du Lac. Michel too was wavering, but finally decided @@ -3854,7 +3838,7 @@ again towards the north, and continued walking till we had crossed the big bay of the Lac de Gras into which the Coppermine River runs. We camped a little short of our second meat <i>cache</i> -on the Point de Misère, and on the following day, +on the Point de Misère, and on the following day, although the fog had settled down again, Paul,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> by a very good piece of piloting, discovered the small lake in which we had <i>cached</i> the meat. We @@ -4257,7 +4241,7 @@ the extreme severity of the cold.</p> <p>It must have been about midnight when I heard Saltatha splitting wood, and the well-known -cry of <i>Ho lève, lève, il faut partir!</i> Looking +cry of <i>Ho lève, lève, il faut partir!</i> Looking out of my blanket I felt the snow falling in my face through a big hole that the dogs had eaten in the lodge, and said that it was no use @@ -4697,7 +4681,7 @@ Lac to make a raid on my tea and tobacco, and see if there was any news of us, as King was greatly alarmed at our prolonged absence. We relieved him of a little tea, but he had not been -able to get any tobacco out of François, who had +able to get any tobacco out of François, who had roundly asserted that it all belonged to him; he also gave us a couple of whitefish, which proved a very acceptable change from our long course of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> @@ -4728,21 +4712,21 @@ spills from bumping against trees; this was the only piece of riding I had during the whole five weeks' travel. The first signs of the <i>petit jour</i> were just showing as we pulled up at the -house, and François quickly produced the tobacco +house, and François quickly produced the tobacco he had refused Etitchula. I think for a few minutes they were really glad to see us back safe, but soon the old complaints began. Times had been hard, although the women and children all -looked fat enough to belie this statement; José<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +looked fat enough to belie this statement; José<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> had been catching whitefish, but had refused to -give any to François; while the latter, according -to José, had been very mean in distribution of +give any to François; while the latter, according +to José, had been very mean in distribution of my effects, eating flour every day himself but giving none away. They had gone through nearly everything between them, and moreover did not seem the least bit ashamed of their conduct. As my dogs were all used up, I decided to leave them -here, and made arrangements with François to +here, and made arrangements with François to bring his own train on to the fort with me. It seemed that notwithstanding the hard times he had sufficient meat and fish stored away for our @@ -4752,7 +4736,7 @@ so that we should live in luxury all the way in.</p> <p>I spent the day shooting a few ptarmigan, indulging in much tobacco, and listening to the petitions of the various ill-used members of the family. -José was particularly amusing; he had been +José was particularly amusing; he had been the most useless man of the lot, never even venturing into the Barren Ground, but spending most of his time at Fond du Lac, shooting away my @@ -4792,7 +4776,7 @@ usually done on these occasions.</p> we left the fort under a roof, but on account of the awful squalor of the house I should have much preferred the usual open camp in the snow. -Daylight found us under way again, François and +Daylight found us under way again, François and myself, with a small boy to run ahead of the dogs; as we were travelling light I expected to be able to ride the last half of the journey, but @@ -4834,7 +4818,7 @@ us it was time to be on the march once more. People who live in civilization find it hard to believe that men in these northern latitudes habitually sleep out under the stars, with the thermometer -standing at 30°, 40°, and even 60° below +standing at 30°, 40°, and even 60° below zero; yet it is those same people of civilization who suffer from colds in the head, lung-diseases, and a variety of ailments unknown to the <i>voyageur</i>, @@ -4865,10 +4849,10 @@ was to ride in pomp across this piece, so, after a good breakfast about three o'clock, I turned into the sleigh and soon dropped off to sleep to the music of sleigh-bells and a volley of French oaths -with which François encouraged his dogs every +with which François encouraged his dogs every few minutes. At this time the stars were shining brightly, and there was not a breath of wind. I -must have slept for a couple of hours when François +must have slept for a couple of hours when François awoke me with the information that we were lost. Turning out of my warm berth I found a gale of wind blowing, with snow falling @@ -4876,7 +4860,7 @@ and drifting heavily; I could hardly make out the men in the darkness, though they were all standing within a few yards of me. Of course I had not the slightest idea where we were, or the direction -in which we had been travelling. François<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +in which we had been travelling. François<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> seemed undecided, but Thomas was quite sure that by keeping the wind abeam we should hit off the Ile de Pierre. We put him ahead, @@ -5097,7 +5081,7 @@ brother of King's; and a resident of Mission Island joined us with his two sons, as there was news of the caribou being at no great distance on the far side of the lake. It was now the dead of -winter, the season of the <i>gra' frète</i>, and we had +winter, the season of the <i>gra' frète</i>, and we had two remarkably cold days' travel to reach the north shore of the Great Slave Lake. We struck into the woods, not far to the eastward of the @@ -5259,7 +5243,7 @@ caribou for our use.</p> <p>About the middle of February, 1890, little -François, an Indian living at the mouth of Buffalo +François, an Indian living at the mouth of Buffalo River, arrived with the news that during a hunting-trip he had made to the southward he had seen the tracks of a band of wood buffalo @@ -5277,7 +5261,7 @@ cook at one of the forts, and kept with a cleanliness not always to be found in a white man's dwelling. The following morning we started with two sleigh-loads of fish for the dogs and -provisions and blankets for ourselves. François +provisions and blankets for ourselves. François brought his wife and little girl, besides a rather crazy boy, given to epileptic fits, but a good worker in the intervals between his attacks. We followed @@ -5286,7 +5270,7 @@ into the woods on the west bank, and, crossing a lake of some size, headed in a south-west direction<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> through the thick pine-forest, occasionally picking up a marten from a line of traps set by -little François, for we were following the track +little François, for we were following the track that he had made on his last trip, or finding a rabbit hung by the neck in one of his wife's snares; very cunning these old women are in all @@ -5377,7 +5361,7 @@ across a large tract of gameless country, and finding a difficulty in obtaining provisions.</p> <p>After three days' good travel we reached the -end of François' road, and long before daylight +end of François' road, and long before daylight on the following morning were away to try and find the buffalo tracks. We had a long day's walk<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> over a perfect hunting-ground, crossing several @@ -5394,7 +5378,7 @@ of its course even in the coldest weather. About noon we found the track that we had been looking for, easily distinguishable from the many tracks of moose and woodland caribou that we -had crossed; little François made a capital approach, +had crossed; little François made a capital approach, and after a couple of hours' walk we sighted a band of eight buffalo feeding in a small wood-surrounded swamp. There are few spots @@ -5453,7 +5437,7 @@ loads. In one of our steel traps were the remains of a cross fox that a wolverine had eaten, and beyond a few more martens our fur-hunting was unsuccessful. It took us four days to reach little -François' house at the mouth of the river, and +François' house at the mouth of the river, and another half-day to get to the fort, where we found everything quiet, as usual in the monotony of the long winter. February was nearly over, @@ -5468,7 +5452,7 @@ more intense and the ice thicker. The thermometer hanging against the wall of the house ranged between <i>minus</i> 30 and <i>minus</i> 45 degrees Fahrenheit, and this state of affairs continued until I left -the fort for another hunt with little François. +the fort for another hunt with little François. We spent three weeks happily enough in the woods, doing a little trapping, and getting enough moose and caribou-meat to keep the dogs and @@ -5477,7 +5461,7 @@ same way as on the last hunt, to take advantage of the road and visit the line of traps; but we pushed further on till we came across the tracks<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> of a party of Indians hunting from Fort Smith. -We saw no sign of buffalo, and as François' wife +We saw no sign of buffalo, and as François' wife damaged her leg rather badly we were obliged to haul her back on the sleigh, and this accident put an end to our trip. Away far in the forest beyond @@ -5641,7 +5625,7 @@ loaded than on the previous day. Sometimes a man would break through, and, floundering on the bottom ice, would bruise his shins and feet in a desperate manner, and we were all badly knocked -about when we put ashore at Tête Noire's House, +about when we put ashore at Tête Noire's House, five miles beyond the Ile de Pierre, ready to take the big traverse on the following day. A couple of hours out from the land brought us again to @@ -5872,7 +5856,7 @@ is no peace. Is it so also in your country?"</p> <p>Late in the night the men who had gone to fetch the meat came back, hauling on the sleigh -Marlo's brother-in-law José, whom they had +Marlo's brother-in-law José, whom they had found lying in the snow, without fire, in a bunch of dwarf pines; the snow-shoe tracks were his, and but for the lucky chance of Saltatha's killing @@ -5885,7 +5869,7 @@ trouble to look for him. He was one of the unlucky ones, believed to have seen "the Enemy" in his youth, and it certainly says little for his wits that he was unable to follow the tracks of such a -large party. José had used up what little ammunition +large party. José had used up what little ammunition he started with on the first day, and since then had eaten nothing; he was without matches or touchwood to make fire, and as the @@ -5924,7 +5908,7 @@ last time, and June 7th was like a bad winter's day with a strong north wind and snowstorms. Then the summer came suddenly, and on the 11th we were obliged to camp on a high gravel ridge -to await <i>le grand dégel</i>, which rendered travelling +to await <i>le grand dégel</i>, which rendered travelling impossible, till the deep water had run off the ice.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> Although we had been so far taking it very easily, a rest was of great service, as many of the party @@ -6933,7 +6917,7 @@ other two were stowed away among the rocks for use later on. We had a long day's walk through a pleasant grassy country, and towards evening<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span> crossed an unusually high range of hills through -which the river cañons. Finding a few willows +which the river cañons. Finding a few willows here, we left our blankets, and walked on along the bank for an hour or two, finally climbing a solitary sand-butte at sundown for a last survey @@ -6961,7 +6945,7 @@ had long ago learnt to recognise at a glance, an old bull musk-ox feeding in a patch of willow-scrub; he was sacrificed for our night's rations, and, loaded with meat and marrow-bones, we returned -to the cañon where we had left our blankets. +to the cañon where we had left our blankets. There was a distinct twilight, and late in the night David awoke me to draw my attention<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> to the first star that we had seen for many @@ -7505,9 +7489,9 @@ and so it proved to be. The white shirt was a libel, but the clean canvas jumper quite deserved the admiration it had received, especially in contrast with our own rags. The boat had arrived<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> -from Fort Resolution in charge of François +from Fort Resolution in charge of François Mandeville, another brother of Michel the fort -interpreter. François had been alarmed at not +interpreter. François had been alarmed at not finding us at the meeting-place, and had immediately dispatched four of the crew in a large canoe, with a supply of tea, tobacco, and flour, to @@ -7768,7 +7752,7 @@ charm has a firm hold on him, and if he is in charge of a post where provisions are fairly plentiful and the Indians not troublesome he has a happy life indeed. I was sorry to have missed -seeing the Mackenzie River, La Grande Rivière +seeing the Mackenzie River, La Grande Rivière en Bas, as they call it at Fort Resolution, but to do this meant spending another winter and another summer in the country, and I could not @@ -7824,7 +7808,7 @@ and made fairly comfortable in readiness for the winter; but there was no time to be spared, and the next day saw us driving across the portage in a waggon to take a fresh crew to Chipeweyan. -No canoe was available, but José Beaulieu, another +No canoe was available, but José Beaulieu, another of King's numerous brothers, lent us a skiff, which answered the purpose well enough. Mr. Flett took the opportunity of going up to headquarters, @@ -7867,7 +7851,7 @@ days. An unexpected difficulty now turned up; there was no crew forthcoming for the next part of my journey, and everybody advised me to take the ordinary route by the Athabasca River. However, -two of my Fort Smith crew, José and Dummy, +two of my Fort Smith crew, José and Dummy, finally agreed to go to Vermillion, although neither of them had been there before, and Murdo, who was very anxious to accompany me @@ -8107,7 +8091,7 @@ of the Company's wise system of dealing with the Indians.</p> <p>Vermillion has a comparatively large population, -outside the numerous <i>employés</i> of the country. +outside the numerous <i>employés</i> of the country. Both the Protestant and Roman Catholic churches have missions here, and several half-breeds have taken up an irregular method of @@ -8153,14 +8137,14 @@ but here again was the same trouble that I had found at Chipeweyan; no crew was procurable, and there was a journey of three hundred and fifty miles to Dunvegan before I had any chance -of getting men. José and Dummy, who had both +of getting men. José and Dummy, who had both worked right well up to now, considered they were far enough away from their beloved Fort -Smith; and José had an extra attraction in Dummy's +Smith; and José had an extra attraction in Dummy's sister, who was waiting his return to make him happy for ever, but was not very reliable in case of a more prepossessing admirer coming to -the fore. José made a touching speech at parting: +the fore. José made a touching speech at parting: "God made the mountains, the lakes, and the big rivers," he said. "What is better than drifting down Peace River singing hymns? You @@ -8412,7 +8396,7 @@ following spring.</p> <p>Hudson's Hope is a small unpretentious establishment, standing on the south side of Peace -River, a mile below the wild cañon by which this +River, a mile below the wild cañon by which this great stream forces its way through the most easterly range of the Rocky Mountains. The Indians were all encamped in their moose-skin @@ -8475,17 +8459,17 @@ On the third night the ceremonies were interrupted by the sound of a gunshot on the opposite bank, and an Indian came across with the news that the trader had arrived at the west end of -the cañon with two small scows, and that some +the cañon with two small scows, and that some of his crew were going back to Quesnelle.</p> <p>Baptiste lent me a horse on the following day, and I rode over to interview the new arrivals. A fair trail, twelve miles in length on the north side of the river, leads to the navigable water -above the cañon, while the stream runs a circuitous +above the cañon, while the stream runs a circuitous course of probably thirty miles. I could get little information as to the nature of this -cañon; even the Indians seem to avoid it, and, +cañon; even the Indians seem to avoid it, and, though accounts of it have been written, nobody appears to have thoroughly explored this exceptionally rough piece of country. I went down a @@ -8493,7 +8477,7 @@ few miles from the west end, but found the bluffs so steep that I could seldom get a view of the water, and could form no idea of the character of the rapids and waterfalls. There is some quiet -place in the middle of the cañon where the Indians +place in the middle of the cañon where the Indians cross on the ice, but beyond this they could tell me little about it.</p> @@ -8558,7 +8542,7 @@ during the winter.</p> <p>On November 5th I camped at the head of -the cañon with my crew, Murdo, John, Charlie, +the cañon with my crew, Murdo, John, Charlie, a half-breed from Quesnelle, and Pat, a full-blooded Siccanee from Fraser Lake ready to make a start up-stream the following morning @@ -8610,7 +8594,7 @@ the surrounding hills.</p> across from the Pacific, and licked up the snow from the ground, while the ice broke away from the banks and drifted down in little floes -to be ground to pieces in the cañon. I could bear +to be ground to pieces in the cañon. I could bear the inactivity no longer, and, with a recklessness that I had plenty of opportunity to repent later on, gave orders on November 25th for the canoe @@ -8803,7 +8787,7 @@ in passing through the main range, for with the exception of the Findlay and Polpar Rapid, one at either end of the pass, there is no difficulty in navigating a canoe. In passing the eastern range -above Hudson's Hope the cañon is rough to the +above Hudson's Hope the cañon is rough to the last degree, and one would expect to find the same thing among the higher mountains. A third branch, the Omineca, once a celebrated mining-camp, @@ -9581,7 +9565,7 @@ which we had camped for a night on the way up, and by moonlight we travelled on, following close to the edge of the open water and taking little precaution to test the strength of the ice. -Soon the roar of the cañon was heard, and at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> +Soon the roar of the cañon was heard, and at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> seven o'clock we crawled up the steep bank and stood in front of the cabin. I pushed open the door, and shall never forget the expression of @@ -9693,7 +9677,7 @@ snares. Then the disease breaks out, dead bodies are found all through the woods, and scarcely a living rabbit or lynx is to be seen. The autumn of 1885 I spent on the head-waters of the Athabasca, -at the east end of the Tête Jaune Pass; +at the east end of the Tête Jaune Pass; the rabbits were then at their height and as plentiful as I ever saw them in England. 1892 will be the next big rabbit-year; but after @@ -10238,7 +10222,7 @@ far to the north.</p> <p>Let us trace, for example, and as a rough and ready index of the northern limit of practicable agriculture of any kind, that isothermal line which -represents a mean temperature of 60° Fahrenheit +represents a mean temperature of 60° Fahrenheit in the month of July. Passing through the southern part of Newfoundland and touching the island of Anticosti, this line runs to the north end of Mistassini @@ -10368,7 +10352,7 @@ penetrated the northern part of this area for some distance on the line of the Peel River,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> but owing to the manner in which he had to travel, but little <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span>accuracy can be attributed to his sketch of that river. -Abbé Petitot also made a short journey into its +Abbé Petitot also made a short journey into its northern part from the Mackenzie River side, but, with these exceptions, no published information exists respecting it.</p> @@ -10391,7 +10375,7 @@ and valuable examination of part of the region north of Great Bear Lake, some results of which have lately been published,<a name="FNanchor_1_2" id="FNanchor_1_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> and in both of these areas, between 1864 and 1871, the indefatigable -missionary, Abbé Petitot, made numerous journeys, +missionary, Abbé Petitot, made numerous journeys, of which he subsequently published an account.<a name="FNanchor_2_3" id="FNanchor_2_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> As Petitot's instruments consisted merely of a compass, and a watch which he rated by the @@ -10405,10 +10389,10 @@ It does not appear from his account of these regions that they are likely to prove of great utility to civilized man, except as fur-preserves, or possibly from the minerals which they may contain. He -writes: "Ce pays est composé de contrées silencieuses +writes: "Ce pays est composé de contrées silencieuses comme le tombeau, des plaines vastes comme -des départements, des steppes glacés plus affreux que -ceux de la Sibérie, de forêts chétives, rabougries +des départements, des steppes glacés plus affreux que +ceux de la Sibérie, de forêts chétives, rabougries comme on n'en voit que dans le voisinage des glaciers du Nord."</p> @@ -10519,7 +10503,7 @@ particularly on routes leading from the vicinity of Mingan on the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the head of Hamilton Inlet, and thence to Ungava Bay. These routes have also, according to Mr. Holme, -been travelled by a missionary, Père Lacasse; but +been travelled by a missionary, Père Lacasse; but the only published information which I have been able to find is contained in a book written by J. McLean,<a name="FNanchor_2_7" id="FNanchor_2_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> and in a brief account of a journey by @@ -10535,7 +10519,7 @@ character, while neither has made any attempt to fix positions or delineate the features of the region on the map. In all probability this entire region consists of a rocky plateau or hilly tract of rounded -archæan rocks, highest on the north-east side and +archæan rocks, highest on the north-east side and to the south, and sloping gradually down to low land towards Ungava Bay. It is known to be more or less wooded, and in some places with timber @@ -10598,7 +10582,7 @@ Isbister, Journ. Roy. Geog. Soc., vol. xv, 1845, p. 332.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_2" id="Footnote_1_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> <i>Canadian Record of Science</i>, Jan., 1890.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_3" id="Footnote_2_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <i>Bulletin de la Société de Géographie</i>, Tom. x, 1875.</p></div> +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_3" id="Footnote_2_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> <i>Bulletin de la Société de Géographie</i>, Tom. x, 1875.</p></div> <div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_4" id="Footnote_1_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> <i>A Journey from Prince of Wales Fort, in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean</i>, 1796.</p></div> @@ -10641,7 +10625,7 @@ the Great Fish River.</p> <i>Vaccinium uliginosum</i>, L.<br /> <i>Cassiope tetragona</i>, L.<br /> <i>Andromeda polifolia</i>, L.<br /> -<i>Phyllodoce taxifolia</i>, Salisb. (<i>Menziesia cærulea</i>, Wahl.).<br /> +<i>Phyllodoce taxifolia</i>, Salisb. (<i>Menziesia cærulea</i>, Wahl.).<br /> <i>Ledum palustre</i>, L.<br /> <i>Loiseleuria procumbens</i>, Desv.<br /> <i>Rhododendron lapponicum</i>, L.<br /> @@ -10713,7 +10697,7 @@ Barren Ground, The, <a href="#Page_v">v</a>, <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>, <a href= <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. Pike's various expeditions to it, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>-<a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>-<a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>-<a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. Pike's advice to future travellers there, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">its mosses and lichens, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">it produces one species of <i>Cervidæ</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">it produces one species of <i>Cervidæ</i>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">its birds, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">exploration in it is ceasing, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">its animals, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</span><br /> @@ -10729,11 +10713,11 @@ Battle River reached, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.<br /> <br /> Beaulieu, Baptiste, a son of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br /> <br /> -Beaulieu, François, a son of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +Beaulieu, François, a son of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> <br /> -Beaulieu, José, brother of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br /> +Beaulieu, José, brother of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br /> <br /> -Beaulieu, José, a son of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;<br /> +Beaulieu, José, a son of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">his love-affairs, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br /> <br /> Beaulieu, King, a French half-breed and guide, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>;<br /> @@ -10826,7 +10810,7 @@ Caribou, the, sometimes found near the Fond du Lac, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;<b <span style="margin-left: 1em;">he finds some bands, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>Et-then, Et-then!</i> the cry on the sight of it, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">the methods of cooking it, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>-<a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">it is the one specimen of <i>Cervidæ</i> found in the Barren Ground, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">it is the one specimen of <i>Cervidæ</i> found in the Barren Ground, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">its different species described, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">killed by Esquimaux, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">some details of its appearance and habits, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>-<a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</span><br /> @@ -10899,7 +10883,7 @@ Cree-speaking belt, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;<br /> <br /> Cries: that on the sight of caribou, <i>Et-then, Et-then!</i>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">on the sight of a band of caribou, <i>La Foule, La Foule!</i>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">to awake a camp, <i>He lève, lève, il faut partir!</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">to awake a camp, <i>He lève, lève, il faut partir!</i>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">that of <i>Hi hi he, Ho hi he</i>, to bring out the stars, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> @@ -10984,9 +10968,9 @@ Forest fires, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.<br /> <br /> France is not sighed for by the priest of an Indian encampment, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> <br /> -François, <i>see</i> Beaulieu, François.<br /> +François, <i>see</i> Beaulieu, François.<br /> <br /> -François the little, conducts a buffalo hunt, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>-<a href="#Page_160">160</a>;<br /> +François the little, conducts a buffalo hunt, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>-<a href="#Page_160">160</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">his wife, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br /> <br /> Franklin, Sir John, <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>; his expedition, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;<br /> @@ -11052,7 +11036,7 @@ Hearne, Mr., <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Pag <br /> <i>Hi hi he, Ho hi he!</i> the cry for the stars, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br /> <br /> -<i>Ho lève, lève, il faut partir!</i> the cry for arousing a camp, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.<br /> +<i>Ho lève, lève, il faut partir!</i> the cry for arousing a camp, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.<br /> <br /> Hood, <a href="#Page_vi">vi</a>.<br /> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span><br /> @@ -11103,9 +11087,9 @@ John, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_2 <br /> John, Saint, <i>see</i> Saint John.<br /> <br /> -José, <i>see</i> Beaulieu, José.<br /> +José, <i>see</i> Beaulieu, José.<br /> <br /> -José, the brother-in-law of Zinto, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.<br /> +José, the brother-in-law of Zinto, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.<br /> <br /> <br /> Kennedy, Alick, a good <i>voyageur</i>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.<br /> @@ -11179,7 +11163,7 @@ Mackay, Murdo, a servant at Fort Resolution who accompanies Mr. Pike, <a href="# <br /> Mackenzie, Sir Alex., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>.<br /> <br /> -Mackenzie River, or <i>La Grande Rivière en Bas</i>, v, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;<br /> +Mackenzie River, or <i>La Grande Rivière en Bas</i>, v, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">its origin, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">the languages spoken along its banks, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.</span><br /> <br /> @@ -11201,7 +11185,7 @@ MacMurray, Fort, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">it is the most southerly post of the Athabasca district, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">it is near some natural tar deposits, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</span><br /> <br /> -Mandeville, François, the brother of Michel Mandeville, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br /> +Mandeville, François, the brother of Michel Mandeville, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br /> <br /> Mandeville, Michel, the interpreter at Fort Resolution, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>.<br /> <br /> @@ -11216,7 +11200,7 @@ Marlo, the brother of Zinto, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102< <br /> Michel, a son-in-law of King Beaulieu, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br /> <br /> -Misère, Point de, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.<br /> +Misère, Point de, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.<br /> <br /> Mission Island, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.<br /> <br /> @@ -11385,7 +11369,7 @@ Pike, Mr. Warburton: the object of his journey is to see the musk-ox, <a href="# <span style="margin-left: 1em;">he leaves the Cree-speaking belt and enters that of the Beaver Indians, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">his first glimpse of the Rockies, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">he reaches Hudson's Hope, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>;</span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">he camps at the head of the Cañon, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">he camps at the head of the Cañon, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">a change in the wind prevents his making use of sleighs, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">he begins a more detailed account of his winter in the Rockies, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>;</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">a dangerous journey to the Findlay Rapids, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>;</span><br /> @@ -11406,7 +11390,7 @@ Pierre, Blind, <i>see</i> Fat, Pierre.<br /> Pierre the Fool, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">his description of the country east of Clinton Golden Lake, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.</span><br /> <br /> -Pierre, an Indian boy, the son of little François, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br /> +Pierre, an Indian boy, the son of little François, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br /> <br /> Pierre, Ile de, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">a good spot for fishing, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</span><br /> @@ -11546,9 +11530,9 @@ Syene, an Indian medicine man, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_168"> Syene, Mrs., assists at the prophesying, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.<br /> <br /> <br /> -Tête Jaune Pass, <a href="#Page_293">293</a>.<br /> +Tête Jaune Pass, <a href="#Page_293">293</a>.<br /> <br /> -Tête Noire's House, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> +Tête Noire's House, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.<br /> <br /> Thomas, an Indian, the brother of Zinto, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;<br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">he is a good guide, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> @@ -11972,7 +11956,7 @@ By HERMANN FERNAU<br /> <div class="blockquot"> <p>An examination, searching and merciless, of -Germany's mediæval dynastic and political +Germany's mediæval dynastic and political system, by the author of "Because I Am a German," and a demand for reforms which all civilized countries of the world have enjoyed @@ -12007,7 +11991,7 @@ Hill-Towns of France<br /> <div class="center"> BY<br /> -EUGÉNIE M. FRYER<br /> +EUGÉNIE M. FRYER<br /> <br /> <i>Illustrated with 50 pen-and-ink drawings by<br /> Roy L. Hilton and over 25 fine photo-engravings.</i> @@ -12028,7 +12012,7 @@ the following:</p> <span class="smcap">Poitou</span>: <i>Poitiers</i>, <i>Chauvigny</i> & <i>Uzerche</i>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Normandy</span>: <i>Falaise</i>, <i>Gaillard</i>, <i>Arcques-la-Bataille</i> & <i>Mont-Saint-Michel</i>.<br /> -<span class="smcap">Brittany</span>: <i>Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</i>, <i>La Faouët</i>, +<span class="smcap">Brittany</span>: <i>Saint-Jean-du-Doigt</i>, <i>La Faouët</i>, <i>Dinan</i> & <i>Josselin</i>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Quercy</span>: <i>Cahors</i> & <i>Rocamadour</i>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Languedoc</span>: <i>Najac</i>, <i>Carcassonne</i> & <i>Lastours</i>.<br /> @@ -12125,360 +12109,6 @@ plentiful).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> -<hr class="full" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BARREN GROUND OF NORTHERN CANADA***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 40019-h.txt or 40019-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/4/0/0/1/40019">http://www.gutenberg.org/4/0/0/1/40019</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed.</p> - -<p> -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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