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diff --git a/41069-8.txt b/41069-0.txt index ea96f76..2dc9c26 100644 --- a/41069-8.txt +++ b/41069-0.txt @@ -1,38 +1,4 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia, by -Wilson Armistead - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia - Presented to the Boston Anti-Slavery Bazaar, U.S., by the - Author of "A Tribute For The Negro." - -Author: Wilson Armistead - -Release Date: October 15, 2012 [EBook #41069] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS *** - - - - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Pettit and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41069 *** CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS FROM LIBERIA; @@ -56,8 +22,8 @@ BY THE AUTHOR OF "A TRIBUTE FOR THE NEGRO." To no complexion is the charm confined, In every climate grows the virtuous mind." - "Ab Æthiope virtutem disce, et ne crede colori." - From the Æthiopian learn virtue, and trust not to colour. + "Ab Æthiope virtutem disce, et ne crede colori." + From the Æthiopian learn virtue, and trust not to colour. LONDON: @@ -829,7 +795,7 @@ Virginian Slave), delivered at Monrovia, in Liberia, December 1st, Jefferson, whilst it struck the fetters from the human mind, and sent it bounding on in a career of improvement, wrested the sceptre from the tyrant's hand and dissolved his throne beneath him. 'Magna - est veritas et prævalebit.'[2]--Truth threw a strong and steady + est veritas et prævalebit.'[2]--Truth threw a strong and steady light where there was naught but darkness before: man beheld his dignity and his rights, and prepared to demand the one and sustain the other. But I return. By what means shall we advance our @@ -1635,362 +1601,4 @@ will be devoted on behalf of the oppressed. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia - Presented to the Boston Anti-Slavery Bazaar, U.S., by the - Author of "A Tribute For The Negro." - -Author: Wilson Armistead - -Release Date: October 15, 2012 [EBook #41069] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS *** - - - - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Pettit and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41069 ***</div> <div class="center"><a name="cover.jpg" id="cover.jpg"></a><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="title page" /></div> @@ -1719,384 +1678,6 @@ Morocco Copies include Two additional Engravings.</p> <p>N.B.—All profits arising from the Sale of "A Tribute for the Negro" will be devoted on behalf of the oppressed.</p> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia, by -Wilson Armistead - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS *** - -***** This file should be named 41069-h.htm or 41069-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/0/6/41069/ - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Pettit and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia - Presented to the Boston Anti-Slavery Bazaar, U.S., by the - Author of "A Tribute For The Negro." - -Author: Wilson Armistead - -Release Date: October 15, 2012 [EBook #41069] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS *** - - - - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Pettit and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS FROM LIBERIA; - -WITH EXTRACTS FROM THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF THE -COLOURED PRESIDENT ROBERTS; - -AN ELOQUENT SPEECH OF HILARY TEAGE, A COLOURED SENATOR; - -AND -EXTRACTS FROM A DISCOURSE BY H. H. GARNETT, A FUGITIVE SLAVE, -ON THE PAST AND PRESENT CONDITION, AND DESTINY OF THE COLOURED RACE. - - -PRESENTED -TO THE BOSTON ANTI-SLAVERY BAZAAR, U. S., -BY THE AUTHOR OF "A TRIBUTE FOR THE NEGRO." - - - "To injured Afric, liberal reader, turn, - There from her sable sons this maxim learn;-- - To no complexion is the charm confined, - In every climate grows the virtuous mind." - - "Ab AEthiope virtutem disce, et ne crede colori." - From the AEthiopian learn virtue, and trust not to colour. - - -LONDON: -CHARLES GILPIN, 5, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT; -G. W. TAYLOR, PHILADELPHIA; WILLIAM HARNED, ANTI-SLAVERY -OFFICE, NEW YORK. -1848. - - -LEEDS: -PRINTED BY ANTHONY PICKARD. - - - - -NOTICE TO THE READER. - - -The Reader will please to observe, that the following pages are printed -solely with a view of refuting the calumnious charge of incapability and -inferiority made against the Negro race, and not for the purpose of -vindicating the American Colonization Scheme, concerning which great -diversity of opinion exists. - -No one can object to the Colonization of Africa, so long as it is -_perfectly voluntary_ on the part of those who go out as Colonists; in -which case, connected with legitimate commerce and plans of civil and -Christian improvement, great benefit may accrue; and which, _for the -sake of Africa_, is worthy of encouragement. But, to hold up such a -scheme, merely as a mode of expatriating the whole of the African race -from America, merits the strongest disapprobation. - -If "the aristocracy of the skin" were laid aside, and the Coloured -population of America were invested with the full rights of citizenship, -and every civil prize, every useful employment, and every honourable -station were thrown open to their exertions, there can be little doubt, -as J. J. Gurney observes, in his Remarks on a Speech of Henry Clay's, -"that the mixture of colours, in the same population, would soon be -found _perfectly harmless_. Every man, white or black, would rest on his -own responsibility; character, like other things, would find its natural -level; light and truth would spread without obstruction; and the North -American Union would afford, to an admiring world, a splendid and -_unsullied_ evidence of the truth of that mighty principle on which her -constitution is founded; viz., that, 'All men are created EQUAL, and are -endowed by the Creator with certain INALIENABLE rights,--LIFE, LIBERTY, -AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS.'" - -W. A. - -_Leeds_, _10th Mo._, 1848. - - - - -CALUMNY REFUTED, ETC., ETC. - - -Amidst the numerous attempts to depreciate the character of the Negro, -by exhibiting it as inferior and incapable of improvement, it is -desirable to adduce evidence of an opposite nature, and to show that -circumstances operate no less powerfully on the Sable inhabitants of a -tropical climate, than on the natives of more northern latitudes, in -which opportunities have been employed to remove the ignorance of -uncivilised man, and to invest him with the glorious light of religion -and science. How have they raised the brutal to the rational--the -degraded to the noble--the idolatrous to the Christian character! What -was once the condition of Druidical Britain, when, in the most barbarous -manner, parents sacrificed their offspring to senseless deities? And to -what can her present position amongst the nations be attributed, but to -that expansion of knowledge, human and divine, with which she has been -pre-eminently favoured? - -The false philosophy which has imputed to the Negro a constitutional -inferiority, is amply refuted by facts. There is not only abundant -evidence, that the African is susceptible of all the finest feelings of -our nature, but that his intellectual capacity, under circumstances -more favourable than have generally fallen to his lot, will bear a -comparison with that of any other portion of our species. - -The capabilities of this calumniated race have been remarkably exhibited -within a few years, on a portion of the Western coast of Africa -colonised by Free Blacks from the United States, most of them formerly -Slaves, including aborigines recaptured from slave-vessels as well as -Negroes from the adjoining districts. From this interesting locality, -recently constituted into the Free Republic of Liberia, overwhelming -evidence might be adduced of the ability, sound judgment, and Christian -character of its Sable inhabitants and legislators. Probably no -government exists founded more nearly on Christian principles; and the -community in general is perhaps as purely moral as any in the world. - -Several public schools have been established in the country, and all -parents and guardians are required to send their children to them, or be -subject to a pecuniary fine; so that there is scarcely a child over six -years old that cannot both read and write. The state of religion and -morality amongst the people is progressive. The exertion of the -authorities has been directed to the exclusion of ardent spirits. A -short time ago, one of the colonists assisted in procuring a barrel of -rum, which was landed twelve miles distant from the colony; he was fined -one hundred dollars, deprived of his license as a trader, and considered -no longer eligible to any office in the colony. Such are the stringent -efforts to keep down a vice, which, if once suffered to exist, would no -doubt prove detrimental. Internal improvements keep pace with the -increase of commerce, and the steady revenue which arises therefrom, -enables the authorities to effect various public improvements. - -These are remarkable facts. Here we behold a community of Blacks, in -almost a defenceless state, located on the border of a vast country, the -swarming inhabitants of which are enshrouded in ignorance;--a regularly -organised government, which, though still in comparative embryo, is the -germ of what may become a great and powerful nation, the nucleus of a -vast political and religious empire, from which may radiate, far into -the interior of this land of moral and intellectual degradation, the -elevating and ennobling principles of civilization, and the benign and -heavenly influences of Christianity.--Liberia, amidst the gloom of -midnight darkness which envelopes the minds of the millions of Africa's -benighted children, stands as a beacon-light to direct them to the port -of freedom and the haven of everlasting rest. - -The present governor of Liberia, J. J. Roberts, under discouraging -circumstances, left Virginia some ten or twelve years ago, and, unaided -by any culture beyond that attainable on the spot, has placed himself -among the most prominent of the citizens of the new Republic. His -correspondence with the commanders of British cruisers on the coast of -Africa, and his state papers, exhibit a superior force of character and -diplomatic ability. The inaugural address, annual messages, and speeches -of this Coloured statesman, before a Coloured Legislature, are highly -interesting and satisfactory. - -I was much gratified in reading, a short time ago, a speech delivered in -1846, at Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, by Hilary Teage, a Coloured -senator of the infant Republic. Independent of its embracing a beautiful -exposition of the history, trials, exertions, and aspirations of the -Coloured colonists, it is a continued flow of eloquence, whilst it -breathes throughout a truly Christian spirit. When I read it, I -concluded the speaker must be a "classical scholar," probably a -"graduate in some eastern college." To my surprise, I afterwards -ascertained, he had never even _seen_ a college, his father having been -a Slave in Virginia, which place Hilary Teage left when very young, and -went to Liberia, where he received his education. Here he made rapid -advances in learning, soon overcoming the difficulties of several -languages, both ancient and modern. - - -The following are extracts from the Inaugural Address of President -Roberts, delivered at the first Meeting of the Legislature of the -Republic, January 3rd, 1848, followed by the speech of Hilary Teage; -which afford striking evidence of the capacity and attainments of -Negroes, whose education and life from early boyhood are thoroughly -African:-- - - - "It is with great pleasure I avail myself of the occasion, now - presented, to express the profound impressions made on me by the - call of my fellow-citizens to the station, and the duties, to which - I am now about to pledge myself. So distinguished a mark of - confidence, proceeding from the deliberate suffrage of my - fellow-citizens, would, under any circumstances, have commanded my - gratitude, as well as filled me with an awful sense of the trust to - be assumed. But I feel particularly gratified at this evidence of - the confidence of my fellow-citizens, inasmuch as it strengthens - the impression on me, that my endeavours to discharge faithfully - the duties which devolved on me as chief Executive officer of the - Commonwealth, during the last six years of our political connection - with the American Colonization Society, have been favourably - estimated. I, nevertheless, meet the responsibilities of this day - with feelings of the deepest solicitude. I feel that the present is - a momentous period in the history of Liberia; and I assure you, - under the various circumstances which give peculiar solemnity to - the crisis, I am sensible that both the honour and the - responsibility allotted to me, are inexpressibly enhanced. - - "We have just entered upon a new and important career. To give - effect to all the measures and powers of the government, we have - found it necessary to remodel our Constitution and to erect - ourselves into an independent State; which, in its infancy, is - exposed to numberless hazards and perils, and which can never - attain to maturity, or ripen into firmness, unless it is managed - with affectionate assiduity, and guarded by great abilities;--I - therefore deeply deplore my want of talents, and feel my mind - filled with anxiety and uneasiness, to find myself so unequal to - the duties of the important station to which I am called.--When I - reflect upon the weight and magnitude now belonging to the station, - and the many difficulties which, in the nature of things, must - necessarily attend it, I feel more like retreating from the - responsible position, than attempting to go forward in the - discharge of the duties of my office. - - "Indeed, gentlemen of the Legislature, if I had less reliance upon - your co-operation and the indulgence and support of a reflecting - people, and felt less deeply a consciousness of the duty I owe my - country and a conviction of the guidance of an all-wise Providence - in the management of our political affairs, I should be compelled - to shrink from the task. I enter, however, upon the duties assigned - me, relying upon your wisdom and virtue to supply my defects; and - under the full conviction that my fellow-citizens at large, who, on - the most trying occasions, have always manifested a degree of - patriotism, perseverance, and fidelity, that would reflect credit - upon the citizens of any country, will support the government - established by their voluntary consent, and appointed by their own - free choice. - - "While I congratulate my fellow-citizens on the dawn of a new and - more perfect government, I would also remind them of the increased - responsibility they too have assumed. Indeed, if there ever was a - period in the annals of Liberia, for popular jealousy to be - awakened, and popular virtue to exert itself, it is the present. - Other eras, I know, have been marked by dangers and difficulties - which 'tried men's souls,' but whatever was their measure, - disappointment and overthrow have generally been their fate. The - patriotism and virtue which distinguish men, of every age, clime, - and colour, who are determined to be free, never forsook that - little band of patriots, the pioneers in this noble enterprise, in - the hour of important trial. At a time when they were almost - without arms, ammunition, discipline, or government--a mere handful - of insulated Christian pilgrims, in pursuit of civil and religious - liberty, surrounded by savage and warlike tribes bent upon their - ruin and total annihilation--with 'a staff and a sling' only, as it - were, they determined, in the name of the 'Lord of Hosts,' to stand - their ground and defend themselves to the last extremity against - their powerful adversary. And need I remind you, fellow-citizens, - how signally Almighty God delivered them, and how he has hitherto - prospered and crowned all our efforts with success. - - "These first adventurers, inspired by the love of liberty and equal - rights, supported by industry, and protected by Heaven, became - inured to toil, to hardships, and to war. In spite, however, of - every obstacle, they obtained a settlement, and happily, under God, - succeeded in laying here the foundation of a free government. Their - attention, of course, was then turned to the security of those - rights for which they had encountered so many perils and - inconveniences. For this purpose, a constitution or form of - Government, anomalous, it is true, was adopted." - - -After giving some explanation of the motives which actuated the -Colonists in assuming the whole responsibilities of the government of -Liberia themselves, President Roberts observes:-- - - - "While we exceedingly lament the want of greater intelligence and - more experience to fit us for the proper, or more perfect - management of our public affairs,--we flatter ourselves that the - adverse circumstances under which we so long laboured in the land - of our birth,[1] and the integrity of our motives, will plead - excuse for our want of abilities; and that in the candour and - charity of an impartial world, our well-meant, however feeble - efforts, will find an apology. I am also persuaded, that no - magnanimous nation will seek to abridge our rights, or withhold - from the Republic those civilities, and 'that comity which marks - the friendly intercourse between civilised and independent - communities'--in consequence of our weakness and present poverty." - - -The enlightened Negro legislator, after entering into a consideration -and refutation of the charge made against the Colonists, of having acted -prematurely in proclaiming their independence, continues:-- - - - "The time has been, I admit, when men--without being chargeable - with timidity, or with a disposition to undervalue the capacities - of the African race, might have doubted the feasibility of - establishing an independent Christian state on this coast, composed - of, and conducted wholly by Coloured men,--but, fellow-citizens, - that time has passed, and I believe in my soul, that the permanency - of the government of the Republic of Liberia is now fixed upon as - firm a basis as human wisdom is capable of devising. Nor is there - any reason to apprehend that the Divine Disposer of human events, - after having separated us from the house of bondage, and led us - safely through so many dangers, towards the land of liberty and - promise, will leave the work of our political redemption, and - consequent happiness, unfinished; and either permit us to perish in - a wilderness of difficulties, or suffer us to be carried back in - chains to that country of prejudices, from whose oppression He has - mercifully delivered us with his out-stretched arm. - - "It must afford the most heartfelt pleasure and satisfaction to - every friend of Liberia, and real lover of liberty, to observe by - what a fortunate train of circumstances and incidents the people of - these colonies have arrived at absolute freedom and independence. - When we look abroad and see by what slow and painful steps, marked - with blood and ills of every kind, other states of the world have - advanced to liberty and independence; we cannot but admire and - praise that all-gracious Providence, who, by His unerring ways, - has, with so few sufferings on our part, compared with other - states, led us to this happy stage in our progress towards those - great and important objects. That it is the will of Heaven that - mankind should be free, is clearly evidenced by the wealth, vigour, - virtue, and consequent happiness of all free states. But the idea - that Providence will establish such governments as he shall deem - most fit for his creatures, and will give them wealth, influence, - and happiness, without their efforts, is palpably absurd. God's - moral government of the earth is always performed by the - intervention of second causes. Therefore, fellow-citizens, while - with pious gratitude we survey the frequent interpositions of - Heaven in our behalf, we ought to remember, that as the disbelief - of an overruling Providence is Atheism, so, an absolute confidence - of having our government relieved from every embarrassment, and its - citizens made respectable and happy by the immediate hand of God, - without our own exertions, is the most culpable presumption. Nor - have we any reason to expect, that He will miraculously make - Liberia a paradise, and deliver us, in a moment of time, from all - the ills and inconveniences consequent upon the peculiar - circumstances under which we are placed, merely to convince us that - He favours our cause and government. - - "Sufficient indications of His will are always given, and those who - will not then believe, neither would they believe though one should - rise from the dead to inform them. Who can trace the progress of - these colonies, and mark the incidents of the wars in which they - have been engaged, without seeing evident tokens of Providential - favour. Let us, therefore, inflexibly persevere in exerting our - most strenuous efforts, in an humble and rational dependence on the - great Governor of all the world, and we have the fairest prospects - of surmounting all the difficulties which may be thrown in our way. - That we may expect, and that we shall have difficulties, sore - difficulties yet to contend against, in our progress to maturity, - is certain: and, as the political happiness or wretchedness of - ourselves and our children, and of generations yet unborn, is in - our hands, nay more, the redemption of Africa from the deep - degradation, superstition, and idolatry in which she has so long - been involved, it becomes us to lay our shoulders to the wheel, and - manfully resist every obstacle which may oppose our progress in the - great work which lies before us. The Gospel is yet to be preached - to vast numbers inhabiting this dark continent, and I have the - highest reason to believe, that it was one of the great objects of - the Almighty, in establishing these colonies, that they might be - the means of introducing civilization and religion among the - barbarous nations of this country; and to what work more noble - could our powers be applied, than that of bringing up from - darkness, debasement, and misery, our fellow-men, and shedding - abroad over them the light of science and Christianity. The means - of doing so, fellow-citizens, are within our reach, and if we - neglect, or do not make use of them, what excuse shall we make to - our Creator and final Judge? This is a question of the deepest - concern to us all, and which, in my opinion, will materially affect - our happiness in the world to come. And surely, if ever it has been - incumbent on the people of Liberia to know truth and to follow it, - it is now. Rouse, therefore, fellow-citizens, and do your duty like - men: and be persuaded, that Divine Providence, as heretofore, will - continue to bless all your virtuous efforts. - - "But if there be any among us, dead to all sense of honour and love - of their country; deaf to all the calls of liberty, virtue, and - religion; forgetful of the benevolence and magnanimity of those who - have procured this asylum for them, and the future happiness of - their children; if neither the examples nor the success of other - nations, the dictates of reason and of nature, nor the great duties - they owe to their God, themselves, and their posterity, have no - effect upon them;--if neither the injuries they received in the - land whence they came, the prize they are contending for, the - future blessings or curses of their children, the applause or - reproach of all mankind, the approbation or displeasure of the - great Judge, nor the happiness or misery consequent upon their - conduct, in this and a future state, can move them; then, let them - be assured, that they deserve to be Slaves, and are entitled to - nothing but anguish and tribulation. Let them banish, for ever, - from their minds, the hope of obtaining that freedom, reputation, - and happiness, which, as men, they are entitled to. Let them forget - every duty, human and divine, remember not that they have children, - and beware how they call to mind the justice of the Supreme Being: - let them return into Slavery, and hug their chains, and be a - reproach and a by-word among all nations. - - "But I am persuaded, that we have none such among us;--that every - citizen will do his duty, and exert himself to the utmost of his - abilities to sustain the honour of his country, promote her - interests, and the interests of his fellow-citizens, and to hand - down unimpaired to future generations, the freedom and independence - we this day enjoy. - - "As to myself, I assure you, I have never been indifferent to what - concerns the interests of Liberia--my adopted country; and I am - sensible of no passion which could seduce me, knowingly, from the - path of duty or of justice: the weakness of human nature, and the - limits of my own understanding may, no doubt will, produce errors - of judgment.--I repeat, therefore, that I shall need the indulgence - I have hitherto received at your hands. I shall need, too, the - favour of that Being in whose hands we are, who has led us, as - Israel of old, from our native land, and planted us in a country - abounding in all the necessaries and comforts of life; who has - covered our infancy with his providence, and to whose goodness I - ask you to join with me in supplications, that He will so enlighten - the minds of your servants, guide their councils, and prosper their - measures, that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, and - shall secure to you the peace, friendship, and approbation of all - nations." - - -Anniversary Speech of Hilary Teage, a Coloured gentleman, (the son of a -Virginian Slave), delivered at Monrovia, in Liberia, December 1st, -1846:-- - - - "Fellow-Citizens:--As far back towards the infancy of our race, as - history and tradition are able to conduct us, we have found the - custom every where prevailing among mankind, to mark, by some - striking exhibition, those events which were important and - interesting, either in their immediate bearing or in their remote - consequences upon the destiny of those among whom they occurred. - These events are epochs in the history of man--they mark the rise - and fall of kingdoms and of dynasties--they record the movements - of the human mind, and the influence of those movements upon the - destinies of the race; and whilst they frequently disclose to us - the sad and sickening spectacle of innocence bending under the - weight of injustice, and of weakness robbed and despoiled by the - hand of an unscrupulous oppression; they occasionally display, as a - theme for admiring contemplation, the sublime spectacle of the - human mind, roused by a concurrence of circumstances, to vigorous - advances in the career of improvement. To trace the operations of - these circumstances from their first appearance, as effects from - the workings of the human passions, until, as a cause, they revert - with combined and concentrated energy upon those minds from which - they at first evolved, would be at once a most interesting and - difficult task; and, let it be borne in mind, requires far higher - ability and more varied talent than he possesses who this day has - the honour to address you. - - "The utility of thus marking the progress of time--of recording the - occurrence of events--and of holding up remarkable personages to - the contemplation of mankind, is too obvious to need remark. It - arises from the instincts of mankind--the irrepressible spirit of - emulation--and the ardent longings after immortality; and this - restless passion to perpetuate their existence, which they find it - impossible to suppress, impels them to secure the admiration of - succeeding generations in the performance of deeds, by which, - although dead, they may yet speak. In commemorating events thus - powerful in forming the manners and sentiments of mankind, and in - rousing them to strenuous exertion and to high and sustained - emulation, it is obvious that such, and such only, should be - selected as virtue and humanity would approve; and that, if any of - an opposite character be held up, they should be displayed only as - beacons, or as a towering Pharos throwing a strong but lurid light - to mark the melancholy grave of mad ambition, and to warn the - inexperienced voyager of the existing danger. - - "Thanks to the improved and humanised spirit--or, should I not - rather say, the chastened and pacific civilization of the age in - which we live,--that laurels gathered upon the field of mortal - strife, and bedewed with the tears of the Widow and the Orphan, are - regarded now, not with admiration but with horror--that the armed - warrior, reeking with the gore of murdered thousands, who, in the - age that is just passing away, would have been hailed with noisy - acclamation by the senseless crowd, is now regarded only as the - savage commissioner of an unsparing oppression, or at best as the - ghostly executioner of an unpitying justice.--He who would embalm - his name in the grateful remembrance of coming generations--he who - would secure for himself a niche in the temple of undying fame--he - who would hew out for himself a monument of which his country may - boast--he who would entail upon heirs a name which they may be - proud to wear, must seek some other field than that of battle as - the theatre of his exploits. - - "Still, we honour the heroes of the age that has passed. No slander - can tarnish their hard-earned fame--no morbid sentimentalism sully - their peerless glory--no mean detraction abate the - disinterestedness of their conduct. They bowed to the spirit of - their age: and, acting up to the light afforded them, they yielded - to the dictates of an honest conscience. While assembled here - to-day, on this festal occasion, to commemorate the event for which - the founders of our infant Republic toiled, and fought, and bled, - we seem to behold the forms of the departed ones mingling in our - assembly: we seem to behold them taking their seats by the side of - their venerable compeers yet spared among us: watching with intense - anxiety the emotions which agitate our bosoms, and marking the - character of the resolves which the occasion is ripening. Rest in - peace, ye venerable shades! And ye, their living - representatives--calm be the evening of your days. We honour you. - And though no sculptured marble transmit your fame, a nobler - monument shall be yours--the happy hearts of unborn millions shall - be the shrine in which your names will be treasured. In your high - example--in your noble disinterestedness--in your entire - subordination of every thought, and act, and scheme, and interest, - to the heaven-born purpose of human regeneration and human - elevation, we hear the language of encouragement. - - "Fellow-citizens,--on this occasion, so big with subjects of - profitable meditation--when it is so natural that the mind should - oscillate between the events of the past and the prospects of the - future, we can conceive of nothing more proper than the enquiry, - how we can best execute the solemn trust committed to our hand--how - we may challenge and secure the admiration and the gratitude of a - virtuous and a happy posterity, by transmitting to them the - patrimony received from our fathers, not only in all its original - entireness, but in vastly augmented beauty, order, and strength. In - a word, how we may best conduct ourselves so as to encite them to - high and sustained exertion in the cause of virtue and humanity. - - "In order to impress your minds with the propriety of this enquiry, - there is, I trust, no need that I shall remind you of the - peculiarity of our condition. It will suffice that I remark, that, - should you succeed in rearing upon the foundation already - laid,--or, to drop the figure--should you succeed in establishing a - community of virtuous, orderly, intelligent, and industrious - citizens, this very peculiarity must enter largely into every - consideration on the amount of praise to which you shall be held - entitled. - - "Let us, then, for a moment look back, that from the events of the - past we may derive hope for the future. - - "We have not yet numbered twenty-six years since he who is the - oldest colonist amongst us was the inhabitant--not the citizen--of - a country--and that too the country of his birth--where the - prevailing sentiment is, that he and his race are incapacitated, by - an inherent defect in their mental constitution, to enjoy that - greatest of all blessings, and to exercise that greatest of all - rights, bestowed by a beneficent God upon his rational - creatures--namely, the government of themselves. Acting upon this - opinion--an opinion as false as it is foul--acting upon this - opinion, as upon a self-evident proposition, those who held it - proceeded with a fiendish consistency to deny the rights of - citizens to those whom they had declared incapable of performing - the duties of citizens. It is not necessary, and therefore I will - not disgust you with the hideous picture of that state of things - which followed upon the prevalence of this blasphemous opinion. The - bare mention that such an opinion prevailed, would be sufficient to - call up in the mind, even of those who had never witnessed its - operation, images of the most sickening and revolting character. - Under the iron reign of this crushing sentiment, most of us who are - assembled here to-day, drew our first breath and sighed away the - years of our youth. No hope cheered us: no noble object looming in - the dim and distant future kindled our ambition. Oppression--cold, - cheerless oppression, like the dreary region of an eternal winter, - chilled every noble passion and fettered and paralysed every arm. - And if among the oppressed millions there were found here and there - one in whose bosom the last glimmer of a generous passion was not - yet extinguished--one, who, from the midst of the inglorious - slumberers in the deep degradation around him, would lift his voice - and demand those rights which the God of nature hath bestowed in - equal gift upon all His rational creatures, he was met at once by - those who had at first denied and then enforced, with the stern - reply, that for him and for all his race--LIBERTY and EXPATRIATION - are inseparable. - - "Dreadful as the alternative was--fearful as was the experiment now - proposed to be tried, there were hearts equal to the task--hearts - which quailed not at the dangers which loomed and frowned in the - distance, but calm, cool, and fixed in their purpose, prepared to - meet them with the watchword--Give me Liberty or give me Death. - - "On the 6th day of February, in the year of Our Lord One Thousand - Eight Hundred and Twenty, the ship Elizabeth cast loose from her - moorings at New York, and on the 8th day of March, of the same - year, the pilgrims first beheld the land of their fathers, the - cloud-capped mountains of Sierra Leone, and cast anchor in that - harbour. A few days afterwards they again weighed anchor, stood to - the south, and debarked upon the low and deadly island of Sherbro. - On the character of those who formed her noble company, I deem it - unnecessary to remark. They are sufficiently commended to our - esteem, as being the first to encounter the difficulties and to - face the dangers of an enterprise, which, we trust, is to wipe away - from us the reproach of ages--to silence the calumny of those who - abuse us, and to restore to Africa her long-lost glory. I need not - detain you with a narrative of their privations and sufferings: nor - will I stop to tell you--though it would be a pleasing task to do - so--with what happy hearts they greeted a reinforcement of pilgrims - who joined them in 1821, by the Nautilus. Passing by intermediate - events, which, did the time allow, it would be interesting to - notice, we hasten to that grand event--that era of our separate - existence, the 25th day of April, in the year of Grace 1822, when - the American flag first threw out its graceful folds to the breeze - on the heights of Mesurado, and the pilgrims, relying upon the - protection of Heaven and the moral grandeur of their cause, took - solemn possession of the land in the name of virtue, humanity, and - religion. - - "It would discover an unpardonable apathy, were we to pass on - without pausing a moment to reflect upon the emotions which heaved - the bosoms of the pilgrims, when they stood for the first time - where we now stand. What a prospect spread out before them!! They - stood in the midst of an ancient wilderness, rank and compacted by - the growth of a thousand years, unthinned and unreclaimed by a - single stroke of the woodman's axe. Few and far between might be - found inconsiderable openings, where the ignorant native erected - his rude habitation, or, savage as his patrimonial wilderness, - celebrated his bloody rites, and presented his votive gifts, to - Demons. Already the late proprietors of the soil had manifested - unequivocal symptoms of hostility, and an intention to expel the - strangers, as soon as an opportunity to do so should be presented. - The rainy season, that terrible ordeal of foreign constitutions, - was about setting in; the lurid lightning shot its fiery bolt into - the forest around them; the thunder muttered its angry tones over - their head; and the frail tenements, the best which their - circumstances would afford, to shield them from a scorching sun by - day and drenching rains at night, had not yet been completed. To - suppose that at this time, when all things above and around them - seemed to combine their influences against them, to suppose they - did not perceive the full danger and magnitude of the enterprise - they had embarked in, would be to suppose, not that they were - heroes, but that they had lost the sensibility of men. True courage - is equally remote from blind recklessness and unmanning timidity; - and true heroism does not consist in insensibility to danger. He is - a hero who calmly meets, and fearlessly grapples the dangers which - duty and honour forbid him to decline. The pilgrims rose to a full - perception of all the circumstances of their condition. But when - they looked back to that country from which they had come out, and - remembered the degradations in that house of bondage out of which - they had been so fortunate as to escape, they bethought themselves; - and, recollecting the high satisfaction with which they knew - success would gladden their hearts, the rich inheritance they would - entail upon their children, and the powerful aid it would lend to - the cause of universal humanity, they yielded to the noble - inspiration and girded them to the battle, either for doing or for - suffering. - - "Let it not be supposed, because I have laid universal humanity - under a tribute of gratitude to the founders of Liberia, that I - have attached to their humble achievements too important an - influence, in that grand system of agencies which is now at work, - renovating human society, and purifying and enlarging the sources - of its enjoyment. In the system of that Almighty Being, without - whose notice not a sparrow falls to the ground: - - - 'Who sees with equal eye, as God of all, - A hero perish, or a sparrow fall: - Atoms or systems into ruin hurled, - And now a bubble burst, and now a world:' - - - --In the system of the Almighty One, no action of a mortal being is - unimportant. Every action of every rational creature hath its - assigned place in his system of operations, and is made to bear, - however undesigned by the agent, with force upon the end which His - wisdom and goodness have in view to accomplish. - - "On the morning of the 1st day of December, in the year of Our Lord - One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty-two; on that morning, just - when the gloom of night was retiring before the advancing light of - day, the portentous cloud which had been some time rising upon the - horizon of Liberia, increasing and gathering blackness as it - advanced, filling all hearts with fearful apprehension, burst upon - the colony with the force of a tornado. The events of that day have - marked it as the most conspicuous in our annals, and it is the - anniversary of that day we are here assembled to celebrate. - - "And what, fellow-citizens, are the particular circumstances of - that most eventful day which more than others awaken our - exultation? On which one amongst them all is our attention most - intensely fixed? Is it on that our fathers fought, and fought - bravely, and strewed the ensanguined plain with the dead bodies of - their savage assailants? Is it on the bloody lesson of their - superiority which they taught them in the hoarse thunder of the - murderous cannon? Is it on that greater skill they displayed in the - inglorious art of slaughter and death? I trust not. These trophies - of their valour serve not to awaken exultation, but to call up a - sigh of regret. It was as the possessors of far higher and nobler - virtues they desired to be remembered; as such we tenderly cherish - the remembrance of them; and to exult over the fallen foe would be - to grieve the pure spirit of those by whose arm the savage fell. - Necessity, stern necessity, unsheathed their sword and forced upon - them an alternative from which all the feelings of their heart - turned with instinctive recoil. - - "But there is a circumstance connected with the events of that day, - with which our hearts cannot be too deeply impressed, as it will - serve, on each appropriate occasion, as a check upon presumption - and an antidote against despair. Think upon the number of the - assailants, and compare it with the number of the assailed, and - then say whether any scepticism short of downright, unblushing - Atheism, can doubt the interposition, in the events of that day, of - an overruling Providence. Most emphatically does the issue of that - contest declare, 'The battle is not to the strong.' The Lord was a - shield around them, so that when their foes rose up against them, - they stumbled and fell. To the interposition of an ever-gracious - Providence, manifested in no ordinary way, we owe the privileges - and pleasure of this day. - - "At this epoch we date the establishment of the colony. - - "Having sustained and repulsed every external attack, and - maintained its ground against the combined and concentrated forces - of the country, it had now to commence its onward career. If there - were any, who, because the colonists had repulsed the natives, - supposed they had passed the greatest danger, and overcome the most - formidable obstacles, they gave, in this very supposition, evidence - of a deplorable ignorance of human nature and of human history. It - is from within, that the elements of national overthrow have most - commonly evolved: and the weakness under which nations expire, - generally results from disease of the national heart. Luxury and - ambition, oppression on the one side and insubordination on the - other; these are the fatal elements which, with more than volcanic - force, rend to atoms the fabric of human institutions. A common - danger, a danger equally menacing all, is almost sure to sink - every minor and merely personal consideration, and to be met by a - combination of energy, concentration of effort, and unity of - action: and in proportion as the pressure of the danger is great, - will there be want of scope for those passions which, in a certain - class, possess such fearful and disorganising potency. - - "From the period of their landing, up to the moment of which we - have just spoken, all minds had been possessed by an undefined - apprehension of impending danger, and the first and the constant - lesson which their critical position inculcated upon them was, - Union and Subordination. The pressure was now taken off, the angry - cloud had now passed away, the heavens shone bright and clear, the - face of nature was calm and placid, and on every breeze was wafted - the fragrance from the surrounding groves. All breathed freely. - Each one had time to look around him, to contemplate with calmness - and composure the circumstances of his condition, and to select - that particular mode of operation, and line of conduct, which was - most congenial with his disposition. All were free; All were equal. - Here was unbounded scope for the operation of the passions. Will - they, who have been declared incapable of enjoying liberty without - running into the wildest excesses of anarchy--will they, now the - gift is enjoyed in its largest extent, restrain themselves within - the bounds of a rational and virtuous freedom? Will they connect - those two ideas which are at one and the same time the base and the - summit of all just political theories, and which can never be - separated? Will their liberty be tempered by just and wholesome - law? Is it to be expected that a people just set free from the - chains of the most abject oppression and slavery, can be otherwise - than turbulent, insubordinate, and impatient of the least - restraint? Is it among the things to be hoped, that they into whose - minds the idea of political action had not been allowed to enter, - will not, now political power is entrusted to their hands, rush - into the wildest extremes of crude legislation? - - "Fellow-Citizens! the voice of twenty-four years this day gives - the answer; and we are assembled to hear it, and let those who - abuse us hear it; let them hear it and be for ever silent, when - they hear that Liberty regulated by Law, and Religion free from - Superstition, form the foundation on which rests the cement which - unites, and the ornament which beautifies, our political and social - edifice. - - "Let us now turn from those who preceded us, and ask, What are the - peculiar obligations which rest upon us: what the particular duties - to which we are called? Let us not suppose, that because we are not - called upon to drive the invading native from our door--that - because we can lie down at night without fear--because the savage - war-whoop does not now ring upon the midnight air,--therefore we - have nothing to do. No mistake can be more fatal. Ours is a moral - fight. It is a keener warfare, a sharper conflict. - - "For, after indulging to the utmost allowed extent in hyperbolical - expression and figurative declamation, still we are forced to - confess, the work is but just commenced. The nervous arm of our - predecessor marked out the site, and laid the foundation, and - reared the walls, of the edifice. The scaffold is still around it. - It is ours to mount it--to commence where they ended, and to - conduct it on towards a glorious completion. How shall we execute - our trust--how shall we conduct ourselves so as to stand acquitted - before the bar of coming generations, and obtain from them a - favourable and an honorable verdict? By what means shall we secure - and perpetuate our own prosperity, and transmit it an inheritance - to our children? These are questions which seem peculiarly - appropriate to this interesting occasion. And let me congratulate - you, fellow-citizens, that you have the experience of others to - guide you. The art of government is now elevated to the dignity of - a science. The most gifted minds--minds which do honour to human - nature, have long been turned to the subject: and maxims and - propositions which, consecrated by time, had grown into the - strength of axioms--maxims which had obtained universal assent and - universal application--maxims which would have overwhelmed him who - should have doubted them, with more than sacrilegious turpitude and - sent him to atone for his presumption upon the scaffold, or in the - gloomy depths of a dungeon--maxims the legitimate offspring of - ignorance and oppression, have been successfully explored and the - human mind disenthralled. That more than magical phrase, in the - hand of the despot, 'the divine right of kings,' has lost its power - to charm; and frequent examinations into the foundations of society - have at length taught men the interesting truth, that the duties - and rights of magistrate and subject are correlate--that government - is made for the people, and not the people for the government: thus - establishing the eternal truth first enunciated in the Declaration - of American Independence, 'That all men are free and equal.' The - bare utterance of those ever-memorable words, by the immortal - Jefferson, whilst it struck the fetters from the human mind, and - sent it bounding on in a career of improvement, wrested the sceptre - from the tyrant's hand and dissolved his throne beneath him. 'Magna - est veritas et praevalebit.'[2]--Truth threw a strong and steady - light where there was naught but darkness before: man beheld his - dignity and his rights, and prepared to demand the one and sustain - the other. But I return. By what means shall we advance our - prosperity? - - "The first requisite, to permanent advancement, if I may so speak, - is order. Order is heaven's first law. It is this which imparts - stability to human institutions, because, while like the laws of - nature it restrains each one in his proper sphere, it leaves all to - operate freely and without disturbance. Here will be no jostling. - When I say order, I mean not to restrict the term to the ordinary - occupations of life; I extend the word to mean, a strict and - conscientious submission to established law. It is said to be the - boast of that form of government under which we live, that no man, - however high in office, can violate with impunity the sacred trust - committed to his hand, and long insult the people by trampling - upon their rights: that the distinguishing excellence of a - republican form of government is, that, under it, oppression can - have no place. This opinion I am not disposed to combat; but as it - is a fact, that a safe and constitutional remedy for all grievances - of this kind is in the hands of the people, this circumstance alone - should dispose every one to submit, for a time, to some - inconvenience rather than apply a rash and violent corrective. I - admit, there are cases in which the minions of office become so - intoxicated with a little brief power--that, forgetting all men are - free and possess certain constitutional privileges, and forgetting - also, that they were elevated to office not to be oppressors but - conservators, their haughty, vexatious, and oppressive conduct, - becomes intolerable. In such cases as these, let the strong - indignation of an outraged public, calmly but firmly expressed, - awaken the dreamer from his vision of greatness, and send him back - to re-enact his dream in his original obscurity. - - "Another argument for order and subordination lies in the fact, - that the laws are in the hands of the people. Legislators are not - elevated to office for their private emolument and honour, but for - the nobler purpose of advancing and securing the happiness of their - constituents: and they are bound--by the most solemn - considerations--they are bound, to enact such laws, and such laws - only, as are suited to the genius and circumstances of the people. - If they betray the high trust committed to them, and enact laws - either oppressive or partial, the corrective is equally in the - hands of the people. They have only to apply the constitutional - remedy. Here, then, is no apology for disorder. Order, then, must - be our rule; for without subordination, and prompt and constant and - conscientious obedience to wholesome law, there can be no security - for person nor property. The bands of society would be untwisted, - and the whole fabric exposed to ruin on the first popular outbreak. - Be it, then, fellow-citizens, our first concern to sustain our - officers in the proper discharge of their constitutional duties; - to secure obedience to the laws, and to preserve them from - violation with the same jealousy with which we watch the first - encroachment of power. - - "I observe, in the second place, that union among ourselves is - absolutely necessary to prosperity. The idea of prosperity and - stability where disunion reigns, where the elements of discord are - actively at work; the idea of prosperity and stability, in such - circumstances, can only serve to mislead. Can that army, in which - faction triumphs among the soldiers and disunion and jealousy - distract the counsels of the officers, hope to succeed in a - campaign? Where each is afraid of the other, where no one has - confidence in any, where every one regards every other one with - feelings not only of jealousy but of positive hostility, how can - there be any hope to bring an unbroken front to bear with undivided - force upon any single point? I would observe also, that the - complexion of the soldiers' mind will be sure to be tinged by that - of their officers. In every community there will be found some few - to whom the mass will look up with unenquiring deference. Mankind, - generally, are averse to the labour of thinking. This circumstance - separates those who should be very friends, and men file off under - different leaders as fancy or caprice may dictate. Each party - ranges itself under the banner of a leader whom it invests with all - perfection of political sagacity and political integrity. To his - semi-brutal followers his word is law; his decisions an oracle. - Finding in him every attribute of perfection, they abandon the - reins to his hand; yield up the glorious privileges of thinking and - examining, and prepare to follow with a blind and implicit - obedience. This unworthy abandonment of the public interests, this - surrender of a privilege to which every man is born, and which - every man should exercise, is the capital of intriguing politicians - and unprincipled political demagogues. And, let me ask you, - fellow-citizens, what scheme, however mad and absurd, which has - been set on foot by these unprincipled leaders, has not had among - the masses its advocates and adherents? Bad, however, as human - nature is, alluring and fascinating as are the glitter and - privilege of place and power, this confidence has not been always - abused. We could easily point out instances, in which the influence - which this disposition we have been adverting to has given to men, - has been exerted wholly and exclusively for the public good. But we - must take human nature as we find it; and as we find this - disposition every where prevalent, the duty becomes imperative on - all who have influence, to exert it for the public good. The root - of the jealousies and divisions among public men will, generally - speaking, be found planted in the soil of selfishness and ambition: - not in any real and sincere disagreement as to the proper measures - for the public good. This, I admit, is always the avowed, the - ostensible, but, I am bold to say, not the real cause. - - "It is envy of place and emolument--it is ambition of power, that - array public men in a hostile attitude, and range their infatuated - followers under their opposing banners. In the infancy of our - political existence, let those amongst us who have credit with the - people and influence over them, beware of so great infatuation. Let - us recollect, that all cannot govern: that from the division and - order into which society naturally resolves itself, all even of - those who are worthy, cannot stand in the foremost ranks. Let us - remember, that we equally serve our country, whether we sit in the - gubernatorial or presidential chair; whether we deliberate in the - Hall of the Legislature or preside in the Sanctuary of Justice; - that we equally serve our country, whether from the shades of - cloistered retirement we send forth wholesome maxims for public - instruction, or in the intercourse of our daily life we set an - attracting example of obedience to the laws; that we equally serve - our country, whether from the sacred desk we inculcate lessons of - celestial wisdom, exhibit the sanctions of a heaven-descended - religion and the thunders of an incensed Jehovah, or in the nursery - of learning unfold the mysteries and display the glories of - science, recall and re-enact the deeds and the achievements of the - past, and call back upon the stage the heroes, the patriots, and - the sages of antiquity, to kindle the ardour, nerve the virtue, - awaken the patriotism, elevate and purify the sentiment, and expand - the mind, of the generous and aspiring youth. Humble as many of - those offices of which I have spoken are esteemed to be,--obscure - and concealed from vulgar gaze and destitute of the trappings of - office and the glitter of fame as most of them actually are, it is, - nevertheless, fellow-citizens, not within the reach of our judgment - to determine which one of them exerts the greatest influence on the - destinies of our race. True dignity, and, I may add, true - usefulness, depend not so much upon the circumstance of office as - upon the faithful discharge of appropriate duties. - - - 'Honour and fame from no condition rise; - Act well your part--there all true honour lies.' - - 'He who does the best his circumstances allow, - Does well, acts nobly: Angels could do no more.' - - - "It is the false notion of honour which has unhappily possessed the - minds of men, placing all dignity in the pageantry of state and the - tinsel of office, which produces those collisions, jostlings, and - acrimony of contending factions which sometimes shake the fabric of - society to its very foundations: it is by the maddening influence - of this false notion that men, whose claim to respectful notoriety - is inversely as their desire to be conspicuous, are sometimes urged - to abandon their obscure but appropriate position in the line, and - to rush into the foremost ranks. When men shall have learned - wherein true honour lies--when men shall have formed correct ideas - of true and sober dignity, then we shall see all the ranks of - society united as by a golden chain--then Ephraim shall not envy - Judah, nor Judah vex Ephraim;--then the occupant of the palace and - of the cottage--then the man in lawn and the man in rags will, like - the parts of a well-adjusted machine, act in perfect unison. - Considering, then, the influence which in every community a few - men are found to possess--considering, also, that each one of these - influential men is sure to be followed by a party, we can hardly - appreciate the obligation which rests upon them, to abandon all - jealousies and suspicions--to merge every private and personal - consideration in thoughts for the public good--and to bring a mind - untrammelled, and free from every party predilection, to a solemn - deliberation on the great objects of public utility. - - "The education of our youth is the next subject to which I would - direct your attention. 'Knowledge is power'--is an old proverb--but - not the less true because it is old. This is the spring that - regulates the movements of society--this is at once the lever and - the safety-valve of human institutions. Without it society will - either not move at all, or, like an unbalanced, unhelmed ship, move - in a direction and at a rate that must eventually destroy it. - Education corrects vice--cures disorders--abates jealousies--adorns - virtue--commands the winds--triumphs over the waves--scales the - heavens. In a word, education lays all nature under tribute, and - forces her to administer to the comfort and happiness of man. Nor - is this all that education does. It ennobles and elevates the mind, - and urges the soul upward and animates it to deeds of high and - lasting renown. Education opens sources of pure, refined, and - exquisite enjoyment--it unlocks the temple of nature, and admits - the awe-stricken soul, to behold and admire the wondrous work of - God. An ignorant, vicious, idle community, has the elements of - destruction already in its bosom. On the very first application of - a torch they will explode and lay the whole fabric in ruins. A - virtuous, orderly, educated people, have all the elements of - national greatness and national perpetuity.--Would we be happy at - home and respected abroad, we must educate our youth. - - "In professing to notice those things which are necessary to our - prosperity--to the advancement of our prosperity, and the - perpetuity of our prosperity, it is natural that you should expect - that agricultural industry will be brought prominently into view. - I think it may be safely affirmed, that the virtue and independence - of a people will be inversely as their attention is wholly given to - commerce--that their virtue and independence is evermore to be - measured by their pursuits of the wholesome and pleasing and - primitive employment of agriculture and husbandry. Go into the - countries of Europe--examine their large manufacturing and - commercial towns and cities. Then visit the rural, agricultural - districts--compare the quiet, tranquillity, order, virtue, plenty - of the latter, with the bustle, confusion, vice, and general - dependence and poverty of the other, and you cannot fail to be - struck, and deeply affected, by the frightful contrast. And - wherefore? Is not commerce called the great civiliser of the world? - Is it not the means by which nations become acquainted and hold - communion with each other? Is it not by this means that the great - and master-minds of one nation commune with kindred minds of other - nations? Is it not the channel through which improvements in art, - in science, in literature, in all that adorns, dignifies, and - ennobles human nature, flow as on the wings of the wind from - country to country? Grant it. It is not my purpose to pronounce a - wholesale anathema upon commerce. I appreciate its high importance - in improving our race. It is excess I would discourage--it is the - wretched deteriorating influence it will exert upon a people, when, - by absorbing their whole attention, it keeps them looking - constantly abroad to the neglect of the improvement of their own - country. It is to this I would call your attention. Again;--Let it - not be forgotten, that if commerce imports improvements, it imports - vices also. It offers the same facility for the transmission of - both. The same vessel that brings us the Book of God brings us also - the Age of Reason--and in one and the same ship, we not - unfrequently find the devoted self-sacrificing missionary, and that - accursed thing which a celebrated orator with characteristic energy - has styled 'liquid fire and distilled damnation!!' - - "In the natural, or, more properly, vegetable world, we have - sometimes seen exotics outstripping in rapidity of growth the - natural spontaneous productions of the soil. In this we have not a - very unhappy illustration of the rank growth of imported vices. - These baneful exotics, grafted on the tree of indigenous - corruption, seem to receive and impart unwonted vigour from the - contact: and the result is, a fruit of the most disorganising - potency. An examination into the moral state of towns and - districts, wholly given to commerce and manufactures, will fully - sustain this remark. How, let me ask you, can there be order, where - the very nature of the pursuits which engross all minds demand - ceaseless hurry, bustle, and confusion?--where to stop to breathe - is to be at once outdone, and where he who can move the most - swiftly amid the greatest confusion is thought to be the smartest - man! In respect of virtue,--is it to be thought of, except for the - purpose of holding it up to ridicule, in a place where the vicious - of all countries meet; and where females of every class and - character, far from the watchful eye of parental solicitude, are - huddled together in one promiscuous throng, and dependent for their - daily bread upon the freaks and fancies of unprincipled employers! - Lowell, in America, is, I believe, the only large manufacturing - town where virtue is held in the least esteem. What shall I say of - honesty and integrity? where the lowest, basest arts, are practised - for gain; where all is intrigue and circumvention--where the maxim - prevails, 'all is fair in trade'--where each regards the other as - lawful game--where one can gain only by the loss of the - other--where, in a word, rascality is fair-play, and villainy - systematic;--where, fellow-citizens, let me ask you, where, in such - a community, is there room for honesty? Can the heart fail, in such - circumstances, to become deadened to every feeling of - humanity--steeled against every kindly, generous, and ennobling - impulse? I will not venture to affirm, that the result we have just - now noticed is universal. I admit, with pleasure, there are - honourable exceptions--but I do affirm, that what I have said forms - the general rule. - - "But let us turn from these scenes of noise and smoke and deep - depravity, and visit the quiet abode of the farmer and the - husbandman. What tranquillity reigns here, and order, and peace, - and virtue!! Behold the farmer, as he goes forth in the morning to - his daily task;--how firm and elastic his step; how cheerful his - sun-burnt countenance; how active his athletic arm!! Behold how - cheerfully he labours; how the fat valleys around him laugh with - corn; how the spacious plains teem with grain, and the ancient - forests fall beneath his resounding axe!! Follow him, when the - labour of the day is over, follow him to his humble home. See him - surrounded by an affectionate, industrious, frugal wife, - unsophisticated by the vices and dissipations of the fashionable - world, and by a prattling progeny blooming in health, and big with - promise of future usefulness. No cankering cares gnaw his peaceful - bosom; no uncertain speculation disturbs his quiet slumbers; no - revolutions in foreign lands, damming up the channels of trade, - cloud the calm serenity of his brow. Oh! if there be a spot on - earth, where true happiness is to be found, here is that spot. - - "But we take a higher and a more extended view of this subject, and - regard it in its bearing on political economy. And my first remark - is, that no nation can be independent which subsists wholly by - commerce. And here let it be observed, once for all, that I use the - word independent in a sense altogether distinct from sovereignty. I - admit that there may be a temporary prosperity; that so long as - peace prevails amongst nations connected by commercial and - diplomatic relations,--so long as each acts in perfect faith, and - maintains in all their entireness and in all their integrity his - treaty stipulations, there may not be felt a want of the - necessaries or even of the luxuries of life. There may, perhaps, be - a large influx of the precious metals. Nothing, however, could be - more fallacious, than to regard this activity as an indication of - independence or permanent prosperity. For I remark, in the second - place, that so uncertain are the operations of trade--so suddenly - are its channels and outlets closed by misunderstandings and - ruptures between rival nations--so liable is it to paralysing - shocks from intriguing cabinets and wily politicians, the - operations of one year scarcely afford any ground for conjecture in - regard to the operations of the next. Let us illustrate our - position by an humble supposition. - - "Suppose the surrounding country should suddenly relent, throw wide - its doors, and shake its teeming wealth of gold and ivory and wood - and gums into our lap; and the native African, patient of labour - and of travel, should supply us at the most accommodating rates - with all the coarser food for our consumption;--suppose vessels - should flock (as, under such circumstances, vessels would most - assuredly flock) to our shores, offering us in exchange for the - produce thus liberally poured in upon us, the conveniences, - elegances, and luxuries of foreign countries. Suppose every man - desert his farm, and betake himself to trading as the more easy and - the more speedy road to wealth,--there would certainly be great - activity and great prosperity. But should we be independent? One - more supposition, and the important and interesting problem is - solved. Suppose the paths to the interior are suddenly blocked up - by feuds among the tribes; all ingress cut off and trade suspended. - Where, then, are our supplies? Should we be able to return to our - farms, and draw thence articles of exchange with foreign nations? - By no means. In the mania for trade our farms have been deserted, - and, like the land on which a curse rests, have long laid fallow. - Think you, fellow-citizens, that our trade once gone, we should - again behold the French, the Bremen, the American, and the English - flag floating to the breeze in our harbour. From that hour you - might bid a long adieu to every white face but that of a - missionary. Fellow-Citizens! our prosperity and independence are to - be drawn from the soil. That is the highway to honour, to wealth, - to private and national prosperity. - - "Liberians! do not disdain the humble occupation! It commends - itself to our attention, ennobled and sanctified by the example of - our Creator. 'And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; - and there he put the man whom he had formed. And out of the ground - made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight, - and good for food.... And the Lord God took the man, and put him - into the garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it.'[3] Never, - never, until this degenerate age, has this simple, primitive, - patriarchal occupation been despised. - - - 'In ancient times, the sacred plough employed - The kings and awful fathers of mankind: - And some, with whom compared your insect tribes - Are but the beings of a summer's day, - Have held the scale of empire, ruled the storm - Of mighty war; then, with unwearied hand, - Disdaining little delicacies, seized - The plough, and greatly independent lived.' - - - "Thus sings the author of the Seasons, one of Britain's sweetest - bards. - - "The last remark time will allow me to make under this head, is, - that 'Righteousness exalteth a nation; but sin is a reproach to any - people.'[4] All attempts to correct the depravity of man, to stay - the head-long propensity to vice--to abate the madness of ambition, - will be found deplorably inefficient, unless we apply the - restrictions and the tremendous sanctions of religion. A profound - regard and deference for religion, a constant recognition of our - dependence upon God, and of our obligation and accountability to - Him; an ever-present, ever-pressing sense of His universal and - all-controlling providence, this, and only this, can give energy to - the arm of law, cool the raging fever of the passions, and abate - the lofty pretensions of mad ambition. In prosperity, let us bring - out our thank-offering, and present it with cheerful hearts in - orderly, virtuous, and religious conduct. In adversity, let us - consider, confess our sins, and abase ourselves before the throne - of God. In danger, let us go to Him, whose prerogative it is to - deliver; let us go to Him, with the humility and confidence which a - deep conviction that the battle is not to the strong nor the race - to the swift, is calculated to inspire. - - "Fellow-Citizens! we stand now on ground never occupied by a people - before. However insignificant we may regard ourselves, the eyes of - Europe and America are upon us, as a germ, destined to burst from - its enclosure in the earth, unfold its petals to the genial air, - rise to the height and swell to the dimensions of the full-grown - tree, or (inglorious fate!) to shrivel, to die, and to be buried in - oblivion. Rise, fellow-citizens, rise to a clear and full - perception of your tremendous responsibilities!! Upon you, rely - upon it, depends in a measure you can hardly conceive, the future - destiny of your race. You, you are to give the answer, whether the - African race is doomed to interminable degradation,--a hideous blot - on the fair face of Creation, a libel upon the dignity of human - nature,--or whether they are incapable to take an honourable rank - amongst the great family of nations! The friends of the colony are - trembling; the enemies of the Coloured man are hoping. Say, - fellow-citizens, will you palsy the hands of your friends and - sicken their hearts, and gladden the souls of your enemies, by a - base refusal to enter upon the career of glory which is now opening - so propitiously before you? The genius of universal emancipation, - bending from her lofty seat, invites you to accept the wreath of - national independence. The voice of your friends, swelling upon the - breeze, cries to you from afar--Raise your standard! assert your - independence!! throw out your banners to the wind!! And will the - descendants of the mighty Pharaohs, that awed the world--will the - sons of him who drove back the serried legions of Rome and laid - siege to the 'eternal city'--will they, the achievements of whose - fathers are yet the wonder and admiration of the world--will they - refuse the proffered boon, and basely cling to the chains of - Slavery and dependence? Never! never!! never!!! Shades of the - mighty dead!--spirits of departed great ones! inspire us, animate - us to the task--nerve us for the battle! Pour into our bosom a - portion of that ardour and patriotism which bore you on to battle, - to victory, and to conquest. - - "Shall Liberia live? Yes; in the generous emotions now swelling in - your bosoms--in the high and noble purpose now fixing itself in - your mind, and ripening into the unyieldingness of indomitable - principle, we hear the inspiring response--Liberia shall live - before God, and before the nations of the Earth. - - "The night is passing away--the dusky shades are fleeing, and even - now - - - 'Second day stands tiptoe - On the misty mountain top.'" - - -With all their advantages of education and opulence, I challenge the -abettors of Negro Slavery, who justify their oppressive conduct towards -their fellow-creatures on the ground of their inferiority, to exhibit -half the talent and ability evinced in the eloquent addresses of these -Coloured legislators. Yet these are the men who are described as a -deterioration of our species, who, through vulgar prejudice and popular -insult, combined with political and legislative enactments, hove been -degraded to a level with the brute. - -As further evidence of their capabilities, I present the reader with a -few extracts from a Discourse by Henry H. Garnett, (a fugitive Slave), -On the Past and Present Condition, and Destiny of the Coloured Race. - - - "By an almost common consent, the modern world seems determined to - pilfer Africa of her glory. It is not enough that her children have - been scattered over the globe, clothed in the garments of shame, - humiliated and oppressed; but our enemies weary themselves in - plundering the tombs of our renowned sires, and in obliterating - their worthy deeds, which were inscribed by fame upon the pages of - ancient history. - - "The three grand divisions of the earth that were known to the - ancients, were colonised by the three sons of Noah. Shem was the - father of the Asiatics--the Africans descended from Ham--and - Japheth was the progenitor of the Europeans. These men, being the - children of one common father, they were originally of the same - complexion--for we cannot, through the medium of any law of nature - or reason, come to the conclusion that one was black, another was - copper-coloured, and the other was white. Adam was a red man; and - by what law of nature his descendants became dissimilar to him, is - a problem which is yet to be clearly solved. The fact, that the - universal Father has varied the complexions of his children, does - not detract from his mercy, or give us reason to question his - wisdom. - - "Moses is the patriarch of sacred history. The same eminent station - is occupied by Herodotus in profane history. To the chronicles of - these two great men we are indebted for all the information we have - in relation to the early condition of man. If they are incorrect, - to what higher authority shall we appeal; and if they are true, - then we acquaint ourselves with the history of our race from that - period - - - 'When yonder spheres sublime - Pealed their first notes to sound the march of time.' - - - "Ham was the first African. Egypt was settled from an immediate - descendant of Ham,--who, in sacred history, is called Mizraim, and - in uninspired history he is known by the name of Menes. Yet, in the - face of this historical evidence, there are those who affirm, that - the ancient Egyptians were not of the pure African stock. The - gigantic statue of the Sphynx has the peculiar features of the - children of Ham; one of the most celebrated queens of Egypt was - Nitocris, an Ethiopian woman; yet these intellectual - resurrectionists dig through a mountain of such evidence, and - declare that these people were not Negroes. - - "We learn from Herodotus, that the ancient Egyptians were black, - and had woolly hair. These people astonished the world with their - arts and sciences, in which they revelled with unbounded - prodigality. They became the masters of the East, and the lords of - the Hebrews. No arm less powerful than Jehovah's, could pluck the - children of Abraham from their hands. The plagues were marshalled - against them, and the pillars of cloud and of fire, and at last the - resistless sea. 'Then the horse and his rider sank like lead in the - mighty waters.'[5] But the kingdom of the Pharaohs was still great. - The most exalted mortal eulogium that could be spoken of Moses, - was, 'that he was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians.'[6] - It was from them that he gathered the materials with which he - reared that grand superstructure, partaking of law, poetry, and - history, which has filled the world with wonder and praise. - Mournful reverses of fortune have passed over that illustrious - people. The star that rose in such matchless splendour above the - eastern horizon has had its setting. But Egypt, Africa's - dark-browed queen, still lives. Her pyramid tombs--her sculptured - columns, dug from the sands to adorn modern architecture--the - remnants of her once impregnable walls--the remains of her - hundred-gated city, rising over the wide-spread ruins, as if to - guard the fame of the race that gave them existence,--all proclaim - what she once was. - - "Whatever may be the extent of prejudice against colour, as it is - falsely called and is so generally practised in this country, - Solomon, the most renowned of kings, possessed none of it. Among - the seven hundred wives and the three hundred concubines who filled - his houses, the most favoured queen was the beautiful Sable - daughter of one of the Pharaohs of Egypt.... When he had secured - her, he bowed his great intellect before her, that he might do her - that homage which he paid to no other woman. Solomon was a poet, - and pure love awakened the sweetest melody in his soul. To her - honour and praise he composed that beautiful poem called the - CANTICLES, or SOLOMON'S SONG. For her he wove that gorgeous wreath - which is unsurpassed in its kind, and with his own royal hand - placed it upon her dark brow. - - "The interior of Ethiopia has not been explored by modern - adventurers. The antiquarian has made his way into almost every - dominion where relics of former greatness have promised to reward - him for his toil. But this country, as though she had concealed - some precious treasure, meets the traveller on the outskirts of her - dominions, with pestilence and death. Yet, in the Highlands that - have been traversed, many unequivocal traces of former civilization - have been discovered. Very lately, British enterprise has made some - important researches in that region of country, all of which go to - prove, that Homer did not misplace his regard for them, when he - associated them with the gods. - - "Numerous other instances might be mentioned that would indicate - the ancient fame of our ancestors:--a fame, which arose from every - virtue and talent that render mortals pre-eminently great,--from - the conquests of love and beauty, from the prowess of their arms, - and their architecture, poetry, mathematics, generosity, and piety. - I will barely allude to the beautiful Cleopatra, who swayed and - captivated the heart of Antony;--to Hannibal, the sworn enemy and - scourge of Rome--the mighty General who crossed the Alps to meet - his foes--the Alps which had never before been crossed by an army, - nor ever since, if we except Napoleon, the ambitious Corsican;--to - Terence, Euclid, Cyprian, Origen, and Augustine. - - "In 1620, the very same year in which the Pilgrims landed on the - cold and rocky shores of New England, a Dutch ship, freighted with - souls, touched the banks of James river, where the wretched people - were employed as Slaves in the cultivation of that hateful weed, - tobacco. Wonderful coincidence! The angel of liberty hovered over - New England, and the demon of Slavery unfurled his black flag over - the fields of the 'sunny south.' - - "But, latterly, the Slave-trade has been pronounced to be piracy by - almost all of the civilised world. Great Britain has discarded the - chattel principle throughout her dominions. In 1824, Mexico - proclaimed freedom to her Slaves. The Pope of Rome, and the - sovereigns of Turkey and Denmark, and other nations, bow at the - shrine of liberty. But France has laid the richest offering upon - the altar of freedom, that has been presented to God in these - latter days. In achieving her almost bloodless revolution, she - maintained an admirable degree of consistency. The same blast of - the trumpet of Liberty that rang through the halls of the - Tuilleries, and shattered the throne of the Bourbons, also reached - the shores of her remotest colonies, and proclaimed the redemption - of every Slave that moved on French soil. Thus does France remember - the paternal advice of La Fayette, and atone for the murder of - Toussaint. Thanks be to God, the lily is cleansed of the blood that - stained it. The nations of the earth will gaze with delight upon - its democratic purity, wherever it shall be seen, whether in the - grape-grown valleys where it first bloomed, or in the Isles of - Bourbon, Guadaloupe, Martinique, or in Guiana.[7] The Coloured - people of St. Bartholomew's, who were emancipated by a decree of - the king of Sweden last year, have lately sent an address to their - liberator. Hayti, by the heroism of her Age, Toussaint L'Ouverture, - Dessalines, Christophe, and Petion, has driven the demon of Slavery - from that island, and has buried his carcase in the sea. - - "Briefly and imperfectly have I noticed the former condition of the - Coloured race. Let us turn for a moment to survey our present - state. The woeful volume of our history, as it now lies open to the - world, is written with tears and bound with blood. As I trace it, - my eyes ache and my heart is filled with grief. No other people - have suffered so much, and none have been more innocent. If I - might apostrophise that bleeding country, I would say, O Africa, - thou hast bled, freely bled, at every pore! Thy sorrow has been - mocked, and thy grief has not been heeded. Thy children are - scattered over the whole earth, and the great nations have been - enriched by them. The wild beasts of thy forests are treated with - more mercy than they. The Libyan lion and the fierce tiger are - caged to gratify the curiosity of men, and the keeper's hands are - not laid heavily upon them. But thy children are tortured, taunted, - and hurried out of life by unprecedented cruelty. Brave men, formed - in the divinest mould, are bartered, sold, and mortgaged. Stripped - of every sacred right, they are scourged if they affirm that they - belong to God. Women, sustaining the dear relation of mothers, are - yoked with the horned cattle, to till the soil, and their - heart-strings are torn to pieces by cruel separations from their - children. Our sisters, ever manifesting the purest kindness, - whether in the wilderness of their father-land, or amid the sorrows - of the middle passage, or in crowded cities, are unprotected from - the lust of tyrants. They have a regard for virtue, and they - possess a sense of honour, but there is no respect paid to these - jewels of noble character. Driven into unwilling concubinage, their - offspring are sold by their Anglo-Saxon fathers. To them, the - marriage institution is but a name, for their despoilers break down - the hymenial altar and scatter its sacred ashes on the winds. - - "Our young men are brutalised in intellect, and their manly - energies are chilled by the frosts of Slavery. Sometimes they are - called to witness the agonies of the mothers who bore them, - writhing under the lash, and as if to fill to overflowing the - already full cup of demonism, they are sometimes compelled to apply - the lash with their own hands. Hell itself cannot overmatch a deed - like this--and dark damnation shudders as it sinks into its bosom - and seeks to hide itself from the indignant eye of God." - - -The writer of the foregoing Discourse was formerly a Slave; his -forefathers, stolen from Africa, lived and died in Slavery; he himself -was born a Slave, and would have remained in that condition until the -present time, had he not been so fortunate as to escape from the galling -yoke of fetters and chains. Such an example of elevated humanity as he -affords, compels the conviction, that out of the countless millions now -doomed to perpetual bondage, many of them, though forcibly degraded to a -level with the brute, are qualified to become ornaments, not only to -their race but to humanity. - -The contents of these pages demonstrate the Negro race to be possessed -of intelligent and reflecting minds, capable of occupying a very -different station in life to that which has been generally assigned to -them, and which they now mostly occupy. Although their sufferings in -Slavery have long excited the interest and sympathy of the benevolent, -little has been done to advance their position in society. Almost -insurmountable obstacles exist, tending to counteract that improvement -and elevation of character, to which, under more favourable -circumstances, they are capable of attaining. - -It may, perhaps, be fairly questioned, whether any other people could -have endured the privations or the sufferings to which they have been -subjected, without becoming still _more_ degraded in the scale of -humanity. Nothing has been left undone, to cripple their intellects, to -darken their minds, to debase their moral nature, and to obliterate all -traces of their relationship to mankind; yet, how wonderfully they have -sustained the mighty load of oppression, under which they have been -groaning for centuries! - -The supporters and advocates of Slavery, in order to justify their -oppressive conduct, allege, either in ignorance or from an affected -philosophy, an inherent defect in the mental constitution of the Negro -race, sufficient to exclude them from the enjoyment of the blessings of -freedom, or the exercise of those rights which are equally bestowed by a -beneficent Creator upon all his rational creatures. - -Prejudice and misinformation have, for a long series of years, been -fostered with unremitting assiduity by those interested in upholding the -Slave system, and their corrupt influence has enabled them to gain -possession of the public ear, and to abuse public credulity to an extent -not generally appreciated. They strenuously maintain that the Negro is -only fitted and designed for a servile condition. The contents of these -pages prove to the contrary, and will surely stop the mouths of those -who, from ignorance or something worse, affirm an absolute difference in -specific character between the two races, and hence, justify the -consignment of the Black to a fate which only proves the fingering -barbarism of the White. - -But, should the cases here recorded be considered of too isolated a -nature to elucidate a theory of general equality of races, it may be -observed, that they are only a very fractional part of what might have -been adduced. A mass of facts is still in reserve, teeming with -unequivocal evidence, that the Almighty has not left the Negro -destitute or deficient of those talents and capabilities which he has -bestowed upon all his rational creatures, and which, however modified by -circumstances in various cases, leave no section of the human family a -right to boast that it inherits by birth a superiority, which might not, -in the course of events, be manifested and claimed, with equal justice, -by those whom they most despise. - - -In order more fully to demonstrate the capabilities of the Black races -of Africa, the writer has selected a mass of facts illustrative of the -subject, which he has recently published, entitled "A TRIBUTE FOR THE -NEGRO," in which their moral, intellectual, and religious capabilities -are fully established. This Volume, including many engravings and -portraits of eminent Negroes, embraces upwards of one hundred -biographical sketches and anecdotes of this calumniated race, many of -them not before published, which afford striking evidence that inferior -abilities are not the necessary accompaniment of a Coloured skin, but -demonstrating, on the contrary, that the Negro race are endowed with -every characteristic constituting an identity with the great family of -man, and consequently entitled to those inalienable rights which have -been denied them, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," any -infringement on which is a daring usurpation of the prerogative of the -Most High! - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] America. - -[2] "Truth is powerful, and will ultimately prevail." - -[3] Gen. ii. 8, 9, 15. - -[4] Prov. xiv. 34. - -[5] Exod. xv. 1, 10. - -[6] Acts vii. 22. - -[7] The number of Slaves in the French colonies was almost 300,000. - - -ANTHONY PICKARD, PRINTER, TOP OF BRIGGATE, LEEDS. - - - - -JUST PUBLISHED, - -A TRIBUTE FOR THE NEGRO, - -BEING - -A VINDICATION - -OF THE - -MORAL, INTELLECTUAL, AND RELIGIOUS CAPABILITIES - -OF THE - -COLOURED PORTION OF MANKIND, - -WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE AFRICAN RACE - -BY - -WILSON ARMISTEAD, -LEEDS. - - -LONDON: -CHARLES GILPIN, 5, BISHOPSGATE WITHOUT; -AND WILLIAM IRWIN, 39, OLDHAM-STREET, MANCHESTER; -G. W. TAYLOR, PHILADELPHIA; -WILLIAM HARNED, ANTI-SLAVERY OFFICE, NEW YORK. - - * * * * * - -REMARKS OF THE PRESS, - -RESPECTING "A TRIBUTE FOR THE NEGRO." - -"We are gratified to announce the publication of a Volume under this -designation; and, especially, that it will emanate from the pen--we may -add, also, from the heart--of a gentleman whose feelings and sympathies, -no less than mental powers, so well fit him for the task of preparing -it. It will be embellished with ten engravings, enriched by an -Introductory Poem by Mr. Bernard Barton, and the profits devoted to the -Anti-Slavery cause."--_The Universe._ - -"It is scarcely needful to do more than read the Prospectus, to be -convinced that the Volume is likely to be one of no common interest, -both to the Christian and to the Philanthropist. Indeed, it seems to -promise a high treat to the Anti-Slavery public in particular; and, from -the great labour and cost the author has bestowed on it, we trust an -extensive sale awaits it."--_British Friend._ - -"From our acquaintance with the author of the '_Tribute for the Negro_,' -we feel no hesitation in saying that it will be one of deep research, as -well as of intense interest, being on a subject most intimately -connected with the happiness or misery of a large portion of the human -family."--_The Citizen._ - -"It is with sincere pleasure we announce the appearance of this -interesting publication. It includes upwards of one hundred biographical -sketches of Africans, or their descendants, besides facts and anecdotes, -testimonies of travellers, missionaries, &c., exhibiting an undoubted -refutation of the unfounded calumnies which have been heaped on the -unfortunate race of Africa. In addition to illustrative engravings, it -will contain the portraits of several distinguished men of Colour. From -the character of the gentleman who has undertaken the pleasing, though -arduous, task, and who contemplates no other reward but that of service -to the deeply-oppressed race of Africa, we may with confidence recommend -his production to the early and earnest attention of our readers, -feeling assured that they will be both cheered and profited by its -perusal. We are glad to perceive that, in addition to the names of many -friends of the Negro, the subscription list is headed by the -Queen."--_Anti-Slavery Reporter._ - - * * * * * - -The Volume contains upwards of 550 Pages, Demy 8vo., and Ten superior -Portraits and Engravings, Price 16s. - -May also be had in Morocco, gilt edges, and Proof Plates, at 25s.; the -Morocco Copies include Two additional Engravings. - -N.B.--All profits arising from the Sale of "A Tribute for the Negro" -will be devoted on behalf of the oppressed. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Calumny Refuted, by Facts from Liberia, by -Wilson Armistead - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALUMNY REFUTED, BY FACTS *** - -***** This file should be named 41069.txt or 41069.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/0/6/41069/ - -Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Martin Pettit and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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