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diff --git a/41911-h/41911-h.htm b/41911-h/41911-h.htm index 9e19e6c..9af4460 100644 --- a/41911-h/41911-h.htm +++ b/41911-h/41911-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Australian Army Medical Corps In Egypt, by James W. Barrett. @@ -187,49 +187,7 @@ h2 </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Australian Army Medical Corps in Egypt, by -James W. Barrett and Percival E. Deane - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Australian Army Medical Corps in Egypt - An Illustrated and Detailed Account of the Early - Organisation and Work of the Australian Medical Units in - Egypt in 1914-1915 - -Author: James W. Barrett - Percival E. Deane - -Release Date: January 24, 2013 [EBook #41911] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUSTRALIAN ARMY MEDICAL CORPS IN EGYPT *** - - - - -Produced by Moti Ben-Ari and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive.) - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 41911 ***</div> <hr class="chap" /> @@ -2275,7 +2233,7 @@ been passed by those who have only a superficial acquaintance with it. It will be sufficient to say that up to November 1, 5,500 patients had passed through it, and there had been only one death, and -that from anæsthetic. This remarkable result was +that from anæsthetic. This remarkable result was not altogether due to the fact that mild cases were admitted, for latterly many major operations had been performed, for appendectomy, etc., and according @@ -2399,7 +2357,7 @@ increasing demand on the hospital accommodation:</p> <tr><td align="left">May 3</td><td align="right">1,492</td><td align="left"> </td><td align="left">453 "</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Patients admitted to July 31, 1915 </td><td align="right">13,325</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">Deaths</td><td align="right">102</td><td align="left">= 0·76 per cent.</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Deaths</td><td align="right">102</td><td align="left">= 0·76 per cent.</td></tr> </table> </div> @@ -2552,10 +2510,10 @@ always cool.</p> <p>It must be remembered that the figures in the attached table give means only, and that any -registration over 75°F. Wet -Bulb is high, and that at 80°F. +registration over 75°F. Wet +Bulb is high, and that at 80°F. Wet Bulb work becomes difficult. -At 90°F. Wet Bulb the +At 90°F. Wet Bulb the danger point is reached, and all work must cease on pain of death from heat apoplexy. @@ -3306,7 +3264,7 @@ plan worked out by the officer in charge of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Pa base medical store at Heliopolis. The Red Cross stores were supplied in the same way, and the commanding officer was given a sum of money, sometimes -as much as £150 to £200, to spend on comforts for +as much as £150 to £200, to spend on comforts for the men. A canteen was placed on board in addition. The ship was not allowed to leave the wharf until the commander had given a certificate that he @@ -3441,7 +3399,7 @@ the continuance of these disasters, which had been too numerous in the case of healthy men in the troop trains. Men had even lost their lives or been mutilated from trying to ride -on the buffers <i>à la Blondin</i>.</p> +on the buffers <i>à la Blondin</i>.</p> <div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> <a href="images/i118.jpg"><img src="images/i118-t.jpg" width="400" height="221" alt="" /></a><br /> @@ -3985,7 +3943,7 @@ and in a war of this character cannot be rejected.</p> <p>The acute inflammations of the middle ear were of the most severe type, caused temperatures -rising to 103° F. and sometimes left men on convalescence +rising to 103° F. and sometimes left men on convalescence as weak as after a serious general illness. The attacks were so vicious that the pathologist, Captain Watson, sought for special organisms, but @@ -4023,7 +3981,7 @@ was disinfected before they were allowed to proceed to Cairo. In this way disease was kept out of Egypt as much as possible. In the case of measles it is not simply temporary disablement, but also the -complications and sequelæ which are to be feared. +complications and sequelæ which are to be feared. The experience gained has made us converts to the open-air method of treating such cases, at all events in a rainless country like Egypt. Treated on @@ -4042,7 +4000,7 @@ not ventilate readily, and that the habits of the men contributed to these diseases.</p> <p>The men were apt to visit Cairo, spend the evenings -in the cafés or theatres, ride home in the cold nights +in the cafés or theatres, ride home in the cold nights in a motor car or tram, get to bed at the last moment possible, and then turn out again for a hard day's work. The opinion of the physicians was that the @@ -4285,15 +4243,15 @@ be remarked that in the first place summer in Egypt, apart from the khamsin, is not excessively hot. The khamsin blows for a certain number of days in April, May, and the first half of June. The temperature -may rise to 112° or more. The wind blows +may rise to 112° or more. The wind blows with a fiery blast, and there is no doubt it is exceedingly trying. But if buildings are shut up early in the morning and opened at night, even the khamsin may be made tolerable. After the middle of June, however, there is very little wind. One day is very<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> -like another. The midday temperature is from 90° -to 95° Dry Bulb, and the nights perhaps 65° to -70° Dry Bulb. The Wet Bulb temperatures are +like another. The midday temperature is from 90° +to 95° Dry Bulb, and the nights perhaps 65° to +70° Dry Bulb. The Wet Bulb temperatures are set out in the table previously referred to.</p> <p>For the most part men slept in nothing but @@ -4523,7 +4481,7 @@ General Hospital</span><br /> <tr><td align="left">April</td><td align="right">1,343</td><td align="right">12</td><td align="left"> 2 Pneumonic group</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 7 Measles, etc.</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Meningitis</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Septicæmia</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Septicæmia</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Injury</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">May</td><td align="right">2,650</td><td align="right">35</td><td align="left"> 27 Wounds (1 tetanus)</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Meningitis</td></tr> @@ -4535,7 +4493,7 @@ General Hospital</span><br /> <tr><td align="left">June</td><td align="right">2,862</td><td align="right">20</td><td align="left"> 11 Wounds</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Perinepritis</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Nephritis, chronic</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Septicæmia</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Septicæmia</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Broncho-pneumonia endocarditis</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Pneumonia</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="right"> </td><td align="left"> 1 Meningitis</td></tr> @@ -5435,7 +5393,7 @@ commanding desired.</p> Units were ordered to Egypt, another problem arose, and the Australian Red Cross Society decided to properly equip these units both with money -and goods. For this purpose £10,000 was set aside +and goods. For this purpose £10,000 was set aside and forwarded to London. It was handed to the British Red Cross Society and kept available for the officers commanding the five hospitals, the requisite @@ -5504,7 +5462,7 @@ some considerable time after arrival in Egypt.</p> <p>Surgeon-General Williams, C.B., arrived in Egypt in the middle of February, and at once proceeded to organise the Red Cross movement. He had been entrusted -with £10,000 which was to be expended by the +with £10,000 which was to be expended by the officers commanding medical units according to the plan set out later. He at once took action, and money was distributed to a number of hospitals and medical @@ -5666,7 +5624,7 @@ Sir Henry MacMahon is President, was formed, separate funds were forwarded to him in response to a cable from me indicating that more money was wanted. I suggested the supply of -another £10,000, but when, on July 9, £18,000 had +another £10,000, but when, on July 9, £18,000 had been received it became obvious that operations were contemplated on a more extensive scale than had hitherto been thought necessary. I have prepared @@ -5675,7 +5633,7 @@ medical units from both funds, and given an account of the method adopted.</p> <p>The Red Cross Society originally intended that -£10,000 was to be expended by the officers commanding +£10,000 was to be expended by the officers commanding medical units, and General Williams embodied the direction in the following circular, to which I subsequently added a memorandum in further @@ -5749,7 +5707,7 @@ Govt. Hospt.<br /> Tanta, Damanhour and Shebin el Kom.<br /> </p> -<p>1. I enclose herewith cheque for {£50 £25 £25} to be expended +<p>1. I enclose herewith cheque for {£50 £25 £25} to be expended in terms of the Circular Letter attached. Will you please sign the accompanying receipt in duplicate and oblige.</p> @@ -5794,7 +5752,7 @@ from Red Cross Funds</span></div> <tr><td align="left">Second Australian General Hospital</td><td align="right">682,50</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Share of Rent of Luna Park for three months</td><td align="right">117,00</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Y.M.C.A. (including stationery, building</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left">fund, Soldiers' Café, and sundry accounts)</td><td align="right">982,08.6</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">fund, Soldiers' Café, and sundry accounts)</td><td align="right">982,08.6</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Venereal Hospital, Abbassia</td><td align="right">48,75</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">Deaconess Hospital, Alexandria</td><td align="right">78,00</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">European Hospital, Alexandria</td><td align="right">48,75</td></tr> @@ -5826,12 +5784,12 @@ from Red Cross Funds</span></div> <tr><td align="left">Ras el Tin Hospital, Alexandria</td><td align="right">195,00</td></tr> <tr><td align="left">15th General Hospital, Alexandria</td><td align="right">48,75</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">—————</td></tr> -<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£E.6340,26</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">£E.6340,26</td></tr> <tr><td align="left"> </td><td align="right">=========</td></tr> </table> </div> <p>The Egyptian pound is to the British pound -sterling as 100:97·5.</p> +sterling as 100:97·5.</p> <p>In addition, a considerable amount of money had been spent in other countries. There was, however, @@ -6155,7 +6113,7 @@ was taken at No. 1 Auxiliary Convalescent Depot (Luna Park) to ascertain the articles the men most desired—see appendix. Boxes containing a number of articles were issued to every patient on admission. -This has involved an expenditure rising to £500 per +This has involved an expenditure rising to £500 per month. A sample box has already been sent to Australia. In each box the following note was placed:</p> @@ -6183,7 +6141,7 @@ palace, which was owned by the late Khedive, was offered to Lady Graham by H.H. the Sultan as a Convalescent Home for soldiers. The British<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> Red Cross Society and the Australian Branch combined -and agreed to find £3,500 to equip it. This +and agreed to find £3,500 to equip it. This beautiful hospital consists of a number of buildings situated on the shore of the Mediterranean, with artificial harbours and provision for bathing, fishing, @@ -6481,7 +6439,7 @@ to Soldiers on Invalid Trains</span> <blockquote> <p>1. The Restaurant Car can be placed on the train -and the cost of same, £7 10s., guaranteed by Lieut. Colonel +and the cost of same, £7 10s., guaranteed by Lieut. Colonel Barrett.</p> <p>2. Meals will be provided for Commissioned @@ -6530,14 +6488,14 @@ the Y.M.C.A. was again invited. The Y.M.C.A. proposed to build in Alexandria on the sea front a large building to be used as a central soldiers' club, and to be available for convalescents and the healthy. -The Y.M.C.A. had only £250 available and required -£1,000. The British Red Cross Society was +The Y.M.C.A. had only £250 available and required +£1,000. The British Red Cross Society was appealed to and hesitated. A cable was dispatched -to London, and an expenditure of £250 authorised. +to London, and an expenditure of £250 authorised. Surgeon-General Williams, after consultation with His Excellency Sir Henry MacMahon, the G.O.C.-in-Chief, Sir John Maxwell, and the D.M.S. Egypt, -General Ford, decided to make a grant of £500 in +General Ford, decided to make a grant of £500 in addition for the purpose. The club was opened on September 12, and from its opening was a pronounced success. The soldier on leave, tramping about the @@ -7461,7 +7419,7 @@ the firing line to the base hospital to obtain dental treatment represents a waste of time and money.</p> <p>It is further desirable to attach one or more -anæsthetists to every hospital.</p> +anæsthetists to every hospital.</p> <p>It must, however, be said that the constant changes of staff which took place at No. 1 Hospital @@ -8173,7 +8131,7 @@ to intestinal infections, some idea of the damage which may be caused by flies can be imagined.</p> <p>The discovery of bilharzia eggs and the organisms -of dysentery and diarrhœa in the fæces of flies +of dysentery and diarrhœa in the fæces of flies made it clear that the fly plays an even larger part in disseminating disease than has hitherto been understood. It really would appear that if the @@ -8818,9 +8776,9 @@ Serbians.</p> <p>"To assist in relieving distress amongst the Russian Poles.</p> -<div class="center">"<i>French Société Maternelle Fund</i><br /></div> +<div class="center">"<i>French Société Maternelle Fund</i><br /></div> -<p>"To collect funds for the Société d'Assistance +<p>"To collect funds for the Société d'Assistance Maternelle et Infantile. The fund is administered in France, money and goods being collected here and sent forward.</p> @@ -9094,7 +9052,7 @@ transports.</p> <p>"(7) Venereal disease. While the percentage of troops arriving in Egypt with venereal disease is not -high—the actual figure is 0·75 per cent.—the total +high—the actual figure is 0·75 per cent.—the total number of effectives withdrawn from combatant duty owing to this cause is sufficiently large to make the subject one of importance. In ten @@ -9891,7 +9849,7 @@ the present Convention.</p> <p>The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible. The ratifications shall be deposited at Berne.</p> -<p>When each ratification is deposited a <i>procès verbal</i> shall be +<p>When each ratification is deposited a <i>procès verbal</i> shall be drawn up, and a copy thereof certified as correct shall be forwarded through the diplomatic channel to all the Contracting Powers.</p> @@ -10111,7 +10069,7 @@ ships therein mentioned.</p> <p>In the case of a fight on board a war-ship, the sick-bays shall be respected and spared as far as possible.</p> -<p>The said sick-bays and the <i>matériel</i> belonging to them remain +<p>The said sick-bays and the <i>matériel</i> belonging to them remain subject to the laws of war; they cannot, however, be used for any purpose other than that for which they were originally intended, so long as they are required for the sick and wounded.</p> @@ -10879,384 +10837,6 @@ changed from "304" to "204".</p> changed from "79-61" to "79-81".</p> </div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Australian Army Medical Corps in -Egypt, by James W. 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