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diff --git a/42309-h/42309-h.htm b/42309-h/42309-h.htm index 51c9657..6829016 100644 --- a/42309-h/42309-h.htm +++ b/42309-h/42309-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of America, Volume IV (of 6), by Joel Cook</title> <style type="text/css"> @@ -154,25 +154,9 @@ td { padding-right: 1em; } </style> </head> <body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42309 ***</div> <h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, America, Volume IV (of 6), by Joel Cook</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at <a -href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></p> -<p>Title: America, Volume IV (of 6)</p> -<p>Author: Joel Cook</p> -<p>Release Date: March 11, 2013 [eBook #42309]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICA, VOLUME IV (OF 6)***</p> <p> </p> -<h4 class="center">E-text prepared by Melissa McDaniel<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br /> - from page images generously made available by<br /> - Internet Archive<br /> - (<a href="http://archive.org">http://archive.org</a>)</h4> <p> </p> <table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10"> <tr> @@ -267,7 +251,7 @@ Mass.</span></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#im5">412</a></td> </tr> <tr> -<td><span class="smcap">Chaudière Falls, St. Lawrence</span></td> +<td><span class="smcap">Chaudière Falls, St. Lawrence</span></td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#im6">450</a></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -419,7 +403,7 @@ town of North Adams, with twenty thousand people, in the narrow valley of the Hoosac, whose current turns its mill-wheels. A short distance down the Hoosac, at a road crossing, was the site of old Fort -Massachusetts, the "Thermopylæ of New England" +Massachusetts, the "Thermopylæ of New England" in the early French and Indian War, where, in 1746, its garrison of twenty-two men held the fort two days against an attacking force of nine hundred, of whom @@ -1727,7 +1711,7 @@ Fort William Henry. Leadership had perished with Lord Howe. His monument is in Westminster Abbey, London, having been erected to his memory by the General Court of the Colony of Massachusetts, -who voted £250 for it. So proud was Montcalm of +who voted £250 for it. So proud was Montcalm of his victory that he caused a great cross to be erected on the battlefield, with an inscription in Latin composed by himself, which is thus translated:</p> @@ -3165,7 +3149,7 @@ river and has over twenty thousand people. It is the seat of Union College, the buildings, upon a height overlooking the valley, being prominent. The college is part of the foundation of Union University, organized -by the coöperation of various religious denominations, +by the coöperation of various religious denominations, embracing medical, law and engineering schools, and also the Dudley Observatory at Albany. Such eminent men as Jonathan Edwards and Eliphalet @@ -3630,8 +3614,8 @@ hard and brittle, and a dark blue, almost black, in color. At the High Fall, and above to the Rocky Heart, the upper strata are from twelve to eighteen inches thick, and composed of the crystallized fragments -of the vertebræ of crinoidea and the shells of -terebratulæ. These fossils of the Silurian period are +of the vertebræ of crinoidea and the shells of +terebratulæ. These fossils of the Silurian period are numerous. The strata throughout the chasm are remarkably horizontal, varying, as they ascend, from one inch to eighteen inches in thickness. They are @@ -4360,7 +4344,7 @@ east of the Connecticut Western Reserve, which became part of Ohio. Pennsylvania finally bought it, paying the United States Government, in 1792, $150,640 for it, and also getting the Indian title for -£1200. It was a good purchase, for Erie harbor is +£1200. It was a good purchase, for Erie harbor is the best on the lake. Erie has about fifty thousand people, and is in a picturesque situation, owing to the beauty of the bay and the outlying island, which was @@ -5106,7 +5090,7 @@ Francis—Coteau, Split Rock, Cascades and Cedars Rapids—Lake St. Louis—Lachine—Caughnawaga—Lachine Rapids—Montreal—St. Mary's Current—St. Helen's Island—Montreal Churches and Religious Houses—Hochelaga—First Religious -Colonization—Dauversière and Olier—Society of Notre Dame +Colonization—Dauversière and Olier—Society of Notre Dame de Montreal—Maisonneuve—Mademoiselle Mance—Marguerite Bourgeoys—Madame de la Peltrie—The Accommodation—Victoria Tubular Bridge—Seminary of St. Sulpice—Hotel @@ -5115,9 +5099,9 @@ d'Armes—Church of Notre Dame—Cathedral of St. Peter—Notre Dame de Lourdes—Christ Church Cathedral—Champ de Mars—Notre Dame de Bonsecours—Rapids of St. Anne—Lake of the Two Mountains—Trappists—Mount -Royal—Ottawa River—Long Sault Rapids—Thermopylæ—Louis -Joseph Papineau—Riviere aux Lièvres—The Habitan—The -Metis—Ottawa—Bytown—Chaudière Falls—Rideau +Royal—Ottawa River—Long Sault Rapids—Thermopylæ—Louis +Joseph Papineau—Riviere aux Lièvres—The Habitan—The +Metis—Ottawa—Bytown—Chaudière Falls—Rideau Canal—Dominion Government Buildings—Richelieu River—Lake St. Peter—St. Francis River—Three Rivers—Shawanagan Fall—St. Augustin—Sillery—Quebec—Stadacona—Samuel @@ -5129,7 +5113,7 @@ Monument—General Montgomery—Plains of Abraham—General Wolfe—The Basilica—The Seminary—English <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">400</a></span> Cathedral—Bishop Mountain—The Ursulines—Marie -Guyart—Montcalm's Skull—Hotel Dieu—Fathers Brébeuf +Guyart—Montcalm's Skull—Hotel Dieu—Fathers Brébeuf and Lalemont and their Martyrdom—Notre Dame des Victoires—Dufferin Terrace—Point Levis—Beauport—French Cottages—Faith of the Habitans—Cardinal Newman—Falls @@ -5140,7 +5124,7 @@ du Loup—Cacouna—Tadousac—Saguenay River—Grand Discharge and Little Discharge—Ha Ha Bay—Chicoutimi—Capes Trinity and Eternity—Restigouche Region—Micmac Indians—Glooscap—Lorette—Roberval—Lake -St. John—Montaignais Indians—Trois Pistoles—Rimouski—Gaspé—Notre +St. John—Montaignais Indians—Trois Pistoles—Rimouski—Gaspé—Notre Dame Mountains—Labrador—Grand Falls—The Fishermen. </p> @@ -5446,7 +5430,7 @@ with twenty-five thousand people, guarded by picturesque graystone batteries and martello towers—the "Limestone City"—stands at the head of the river where it issues from the lake. To the westward -is the entrance of the spacious Bay of Quinté, +is the entrance of the spacious Bay of Quinté, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">410</a></span> and on the eastern side the terminus of the Rideau Canal, leading northeastward to the Rideau River @@ -5828,7 +5812,7 @@ Montreal stands on the southeastern side of the largest of them, with the broad river flowing in front. St. Mary's current runs strongly past the quays, and out there are the pretty wooded mounds -of St. Helen's Island, named after Helen Boullé, the +of St. Helen's Island, named after Helen Boullé, the child-wife of Samuel de Champlain, the first European woman who came to Canada. She was only twelve years old when he married her, he being aged @@ -5962,7 +5946,7 @@ Nipissing.</p> <p>The original settlement of Montreal was probably the most completely religious enterprise of the many early French colonizing expeditions to Canada. -Dauversière, a tax-gatherer of Anjou, was a religious +Dauversière, a tax-gatherer of Anjou, was a religious devotee whose constant scourging with small <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">426</a></span> chains and other torments, including a belt with more @@ -5990,7 +5974,7 @@ they knew not how, of the most exact details concerning the island, its size, shape, soil, productions, climate and situation; and they subsequently saw apparitions of the Virgin and the Saviour encouraging -them in the great work. Dauversière went to Paris +them in the great work. Dauversière went to Paris seeking aid to carry out his task, and met Olier in a chateau in the suburbs; the two men, who never before had seen or heard of each other, became at once @@ -6038,7 +6022,7 @@ says she had bound herself to God by a vow of perpetual chastity. Mlle. Mance, by the divine inspiration, was filled with a longing to go to Canada, and she went to the port of Rochelle seeking a vessel. -She had never before heard of Dauversière, but by +She had never before heard of Dauversière, but by supernatural agencies she met him coming out of church, had a long conversation in which she learned his plan, declared she had found her destiny in "the @@ -6046,7 +6030,7 @@ ocean, the wilderness, the solitude, the Iroquois," and at once decided to go with Maisonneuve and his party.</p> -<p>In February, 1641, with the Abbé Olier at their +<p>In February, 1641, with the Abbé Olier at their head, all the associates of the Society assembled in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, in Paris, before the altar of the Virgin, and by a most solemn ceremonial @@ -6101,7 +6085,7 @@ their voices in enthusiastic songs of thanksgiving. Tents, baggage, arms and stores were landed. An altar was raised on a pleasant spot near at hand; and Mademoiselle Mance, with Madame de la Peltrie, -aided by her servant Charlotte Barré, decorated it +aided by her servant Charlotte Barré, decorated it with a taste which was the admiration of the beholders. Now all the company gathered before the shrine. Here stood Vimont in the rich vestments of @@ -6165,7 +6149,7 @@ Montreal of ship-fever.</p> <p>The Sulpician Order has always been the great educator of priests in all French-speaking peoples, -and it was founded by the Abbé Olier. Carrying +and it was founded by the Abbé Olier. Carrying out his intention, the "Seminary of St. Sulpice" was opened in Montreal in 1647. This is now an enormous and prosperous religious establishment, holding @@ -6305,7 +6289,7 @@ fifteen thousand people. In one of the towers hangs "Le Gros Bourdon," the largest bell in America, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">437</a></span> called Jean Baptiste, and weighing nearly fifteen -tons. The church is mediæval Gothic, built of cut +tons. The church is mediæval Gothic, built of cut limestone, the spires rising two hundred and twenty-seven feet, and containing ten bells, making a chime upon which, on great occasions, tunes are played. @@ -6567,7 +6551,7 @@ rocks in wild splendor. For twenty-five miles above its mouth it broadens into the "Lake of the Two Mountains," from one to six miles wide. Above the city of Ottawa there are rapids terminating in the -famous Chaudière Falls, where the waters plunge +famous Chaudière Falls, where the waters plunge down forty feet, and part are said to disappear through an underground passage of unknown outlet. It has an enormous lumber trade, and by a canal system, @@ -6594,7 +6578,7 @@ passes, in 1660, a handful of valiant men held the stockade at Carillon, the foot of Long Sault rapids, sacrificing their lives to save the early colony from the Indians, the place being known as the "French -Canadian Thermopylæ." The full force of the Iroquois +Canadian Thermopylæ." The full force of the Iroquois warriors were in arms up the Ottawa, over a thousand of them, threatening to drive the French out of Montreal. Dollard des Ormeaux and sixteen @@ -6639,7 +6623,7 @@ House at Ottawa. He was defeated, banished and then pardoned, and lived here to a ripe old age to see many of the reforms and privileges for which he had contended fully realized under subsequent -administrations. The Riviere aux Lièvres rushes +administrations. The Riviere aux Lièvres rushes into the Ottawa down a turbulent cascade, through which logs dash until caught in the booms at the sawmills below, where are vast lumber piles. This river @@ -6704,7 +6688,7 @@ much going across the Atlantic.</p> <p class="center p2">THE DOMINION CAPITAL.</p> <p>The earliest settler at the portage around the -Chaudière Falls of the Ottawa was Philemon Wright, +Chaudière Falls of the Ottawa was Philemon Wright, of Woburn, Massachusetts, who came along in 1800, and not getting on successfully, sold out about twenty years later to cancel a debt of $200. Subsequently @@ -6735,7 +6719,7 @@ screeching, the canals carrying lumber cargoes, the rivers lined with acres of board piles—an idea is got of what the lumber trade of the Ottawa valley is. The timber is almost all white and yellow -pine. Alongside the Chaudière Falls at the western +pine. Alongside the Chaudière Falls at the western verge of the town are clustered the great sawmills, while capacious slides shoot the logs down, which are to be floated farther along to the St. Lawrence. @@ -6744,10 +6728,10 @@ getting power from this cataract.</p> <div class="figcenter"><a name="im6" id="im6"></a> <img src="images/img_236.jpg" width="550" height="342" alt="" /> -<p class="caption"><i>Chaudière Falls, St. Lawrence</i></p> +<p class="caption"><i>Chaudière Falls, St. Lawrence</i></p> </div> -<p>The Chaudière, or the "Cauldron," is a remarkable +<p>The Chaudière, or the "Cauldron," is a remarkable cataract, and the Indians were so terrified by it, that to propitiate its evil genius we are told they usually threw in a little tobacco before traversing the @@ -6829,7 +6813,7 @@ from afar, rising two hundred and twenty feet.</p> <p>The broad St. Lawrence River flows one hundred and eighty miles from Montreal to Quebec. A succession of parishes is passed, each with its lofty -church and presbytère, reproducing the picturesque +church and presbytère, reproducing the picturesque buildings of old Normandy and Brittany, with narrow windows and steep roofs, all covered with shining white tin which the dry air preserves. Little @@ -6868,7 +6852,7 @@ river wrote that the houses "were never more than a gunshot apart." All the people are French, retaining the language and old customs, simple-minded and primitive, the same as under the ancient French -régime, and excepting that one village, Varennes, +régime, and excepting that one village, Varennes, has put two towers upon its stately church, all of them are exactly alike. It is recorded that in Champlain's time some Huguenot sailors came up @@ -6902,7 +6886,7 @@ Francis River, the outlet of Lake Memphremagog and of many streams and lakes in the vast wilderness along the boundary north of Vermont and east of Lake Champlain. At its mouth is the little village of St. -François du Lac. As the shores contract below Lake +François du Lac. As the shores contract below Lake St. Peter, the town of Three Rivers is passed midway between Montreal and Quebec. Here the fine river St. Maurice, another great lumber-producing stream, @@ -6987,7 +6971,7 @@ the cross and lilies of France and took possession for his king. Returning to Europe, he took back as prisoners the chief, Donnacona, and several of his warriors, their arrival making a great sensation. -They were fêted and prayed for, and becoming converted, +They were fêted and prayed for, and becoming converted, were baptised with pomp in the presence of a vast assemblage in the magnificent Cathedral of Rouen. But the round of pleasure and feasting, with @@ -7175,7 +7159,7 @@ priest. Ralph Waldo Emerson writes in <i>The Problem</i>:</p> <p>And on my heart monastic aisles</p> <p>Fall like sweet strains, or pensive smiles:</p> <p>Yet not for all his faith can see</p> -<p>Would I that cowléd churchman be."</p> +<p>Would I that cowléd churchman be."</p> </div> </div> </div> @@ -7257,7 +7241,7 @@ When Charles Dilke came here he thought he was back in the European Middle Ages. He found "gates and posterns, cranky steps that lead up to lofty gabled houses with steep French roofs of burnished tin like -those of Liége; processions of the Host; altars decked +those of Liége; processions of the Host; altars decked <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">467</a></span> with flowers; statues of the Virgin; sabots and blouses; and the scarlet of the British linesmen. All @@ -7483,7 +7467,7 @@ reclaim the Iroquois, as has been well said, "with toil too great to buy the kingdoms of this world, but very small as a price for the Kingdom of Heaven." From Sillery went the Jesuit Fathers, who explored -all America, and also Jogues, Brébeuf, Lalemont, +all America, and also Jogues, Brébeuf, Lalemont, and others, to martyrdom in founding the primitive Canadian mission church. It was also the religious French women as well as the devoted men, who laid @@ -7537,10 +7521,10 @@ over six hundred. The oldest structure dates from 1654, and much of the collection is over two centuries old. The most precious relics in their convent are the remains of two of the Jesuit martyrs -who went out from Sillery, Fathers Brébeuf and +who went out from Sillery, Fathers Brébeuf and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_476" id="Page_476">476</a></span> Lalemont. There is a silver bust of the former, and -his skull is carefully preserved. Jean de Brébeuf was +his skull is carefully preserved. Jean de Brébeuf was a Norman of noble birth, who came out with Champlain, and he and Lalemont were sent on a mission beyond Ontario to the Huron country, establishing @@ -7550,7 +7534,7 @@ their language, and gaining great influence over them. The Iroquois from New York attacked and captured the town in 1649, taking the missionaries captive and putting them to death with frightful tortures. -Brébeuf, who frequently had celestial visions, +Brébeuf, who frequently had celestial visions, always announced his belief that he would die a martyr for Christ. The story of his torture is one of the most horrible in the colonial wars. He was bound @@ -7566,7 +7550,7 @@ filled his eyes with live coals, and after four hours of torture, finally killed him by tearing out his heart, which the Indian chief at once devoured. The writer recording this terrible ordeal says, "Thus -died Jean de Brébeuf, the founder of the Huron mission, +died Jean de Brébeuf, the founder of the Huron mission, its truest hero, and its greatest martyr. He <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_477" id="Page_477">477</a></span> came of a noble race,—the same, it is said, from which @@ -7724,7 +7708,7 @@ are set up frequently for the encouragement of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">482</a></span> faithful, and there are imposing churches and ecclesiastical buildings at intervals. Along this road ride -the French in their queer-looking two-wheeled caléches, +the French in their queer-looking two-wheeled caléches, appearing much like a deep-bowled spoon set on wheels, and in elongated buckboard wagons of ancient build, surmounted by the most homely and @@ -7751,7 +7735,7 @@ in warding off lightning strokes and exorcising the evil spirits. The central object around which every village clusters is always the church, with its high walls, sloping roof, and tall and shining tin-clad spire. -The curé is the village autocrat; the legal and medical +The curé is the village autocrat; the legal and medical <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">483</a></span> adviser, the family counsellor, and usually the political leader of his flock. He blesses all the houses @@ -7841,17 +7825,17 @@ and it also provides the electric lighting service for Quebec. Farther down the north shore of the St. Lawrence, through more quaint villages—L'Ange Gardien and Chateau Richer—the road leads along -breezy hills and pleasant vales in the Coté de Beaupré, +breezy hills and pleasant vales in the Coté de Beaupré, to the most renowned shrine of all Canada, about twenty miles below Quebec, the Church of "La -Bonne Sainte Anne de Beaupré." This famous old +Bonne Sainte Anne de Beaupré." This famous old church is the special shrine of the <i>habitan</i>, the objective point of many pilgrim parties from Canada and New England, where there now is a large population of French Canadians, as many as a hundred and fifty thousand pilgrims coming in a single year, and it is the most venerated spot in all Lower -Canada. The Coté de Beaupré, the northern St. +Canada. The Coté de Beaupré, the northern St. Lawrence shore below Montmorency, is an appanage of the Seminary of Quebec. The little Sainte Anne's river comes down from the slopes of Sainte Anne's @@ -7908,7 +7892,7 @@ Ever since, her sacred relics have been highly venerated in France, and it was natural that the early French Canadians should bring their pious devotion into the new Province. Various churches were built -in her honor, the chief being this one at Beaupré, +in her honor, the chief being this one at Beaupré, by the devout Governor d'Allebout. With his own hands the Governor began the pious work of erecting the church, and as an encouragement, the Cathedral @@ -7923,8 +7907,8 @@ Heavenly visions. Upon the third appearance, the Virgin commanded the child that she should tell her people to build a church there in honor of her saintly mother. Thus was the location chosen, and while -the foundation was being laid, a <i>habitan</i> of the Coté -de Beaupré, one Guimont, sorely afflicted with rheumatism, +the foundation was being laid, a <i>habitan</i> of the Coté +de Beaupré, one Guimont, sorely afflicted with rheumatism, came there with great difficulty, and filled with pain, to try and lay three stones in the wall, presumably in honor of the Virgin, her father and @@ -7937,7 +7921,7 @@ of French-Canadian Catholicity.</p> <p>The great Bishop Laval de Montmorency made Sainte Anne's day a feast of obligation. During the -French régime, vessels ascending the St. Lawrence +French régime, vessels ascending the St. Lawrence always saluted when passing the shrine, in grateful thanksgiving that their prayers to Sainte Anne had been answered by deliverance from the perils of the @@ -7959,7 +7943,7 @@ vicissitudes of war repeatedly waged around the famous place, the village being sacked and burned, the church was always preserved. When the British under Wolfe, prior to capturing Quebec in 1759, -attacked Beaupré, they three times, tradition says, +attacked Beaupré, they three times, tradition says, set fire to the church, but by the special intervention of Sainte Anne it escaped unscathed. Upon Sainte Anne's festival day, in 1891, many thousand pilgrims @@ -8262,7 +8246,7 @@ name given the river by the Montaignais was Chicoutimi, or the "deep water," now given the village below the foot of the rapids. The present name <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_499" id="Page_499">499</a></span> -is a corruption of the Indian word Saggishsékuss, +is a corruption of the Indian word Saggishsékuss, meaning "a strait with precipitous banks." The sad sublimity of the impressive chasm culminates at Eternity Bay, where on either hand rise in stately @@ -8437,7 +8421,7 @@ about seven thousand of them, all told, throughout the provinces. Glooscap was the mythical chief of the Micmacs, whose power and genius were shown throughout all the region from New England to -Gaspé. He was of unknown origin, and invincible, +Gaspé. He was of unknown origin, and invincible, and he conquered the "great Beaver, feared by beasts and men," on the river Kennebecasis, near St. John. Glooscap's favorite home and beaver-pond @@ -8578,12 +8562,12 @@ of the Lower St. Lawrence, and the outlet of the region of the Metapedia. This town has a Bishop and a Cathedral. Beyond are Father Point and Metis, and the land then extends past Cape -Chatte into the wilderness of Gaspé. When Jacques +Chatte into the wilderness of Gaspé. When Jacques Cartier first entered the river in 1534, he landed at -Gaspé, taking possession of the whole country in the +Gaspé, taking possession of the whole country in the name of the King of France, and erecting a tall cross adorned with the fleur-de-lys. Very appropriately, -Gaspé means the "Land's End." They found here +Gaspé means the "Land's End." They found here the Micmac Indians, who were then reputed to be quite intelligent, knowing the points of the compass and position of the stars, and having rude maps of @@ -8597,12 +8581,12 @@ Norseman, or early Spanish adventurer. An old Castilian tale is that gold-hunting Spaniards, after the discovery by Columbus, sailed along these coasts, and finding no precious metals, said in disgust to the -Indians, "Aca náda," meaning, "there is nothing +Indians, "Aca náda," meaning, "there is nothing here." This phrase became fixed in the Indian <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510">510</a></span> mind, and supposing Cartier's party to be the same people, they endeavored to open conversation by repeating -the same words, "Aca náda! aca náda!" +the same words, "Aca náda! aca náda!" Thus, according to one theory, originated the name of Canada, the Frenchmen supposing they were telling the name of the country. Another authority @@ -8614,7 +8598,7 @@ Indians, as applied to the homes of the people, it naturally named the country.</p> <p>The surface of the southern country behind Cape -Chatte, and of Gaspé (Cape Gaspé being a promontory +Chatte, and of Gaspé (Cape Gaspé being a promontory seven hundred feet high), rises into the frowning mountains of Notre Dame, the most lofty in Lower Canada, the chief peak elevated four thousand @@ -8628,7 +8612,7 @@ the new passengers, if they do not turn aside by some present the inundation of this baptism, which is made to flow plentifully on their heads." The bold southern shore of the St. Lawrence finally -ends beyond Cape Gaspé, where its mouth is ninety-six +ends beyond Cape Gaspé, where its mouth is ninety-six miles wide in the headland of Cape Rosier, described <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">511</a></span> by dreading mariners as the "Scylla of the @@ -8659,7 +8643,7 @@ of Labrador, which stretches almost indefinitely beyond, comprising the whole northeastern Canadian peninsula, an almost unexplored region of nearly three hundred square miles. It is described as a -rocky plateau of Archæan rocks, highest on the northeast +rocky plateau of Archæan rocks, highest on the northeast side and to the south, more or less wooded, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">512</a></span> sloping down to lowlands towards Hudson Bay. 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