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diff --git a/42781.txt b/42781.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 0e5dfd5..0000000 --- a/42781.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4368 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 166, January 1, -1853, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 166, January 1, 1853 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: May 24, 2013 [EBook #42781] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** - - - - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - - - - -Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they -are indicated by footnotes to the relevant item. - - * * * * * - - -{1} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - -"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - -No. 166.] -SATURDAY, JANUARY 1. 1853 -[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. - - * * * * * - - -CONTENTS. - - Page - Our Seventh Volume 1 - - NOTES:-- - - Proclamations of the Society of Antiquaries, and their - Value as Historical Evidences, by John Bruce 3 - - Curiosities of Advertising Literature, by Cuthbert Bede 4 - - On a Passage in "King Henry VIII.," Act III. Sc. 2., by - S. W. Singer 5 - - Notes on Bacon's Essays, by P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A. 6 - - Latin Poems in connexion with Waterloo, by Lord Braybrooke 6 - - Sir Henry Wotton and Milton, by Bolton Corney 7 - - FOLK LORE:--Unlucky to sell Eggs after Sunset-- - Old Song--Nursery Tale--Legend of Change 7 - - Passage in Hamlet 8 - - Volcanic Influence on the Weather, by Rev. Wm. S. Hesledon 9 - - MINOR NOTES:--Value of MSS.--Robert Hill--English - Orthography--Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735--Epitaph - on a Sexton 9 - - QUERIES:-- - - Eustache de Saint Pierre, by Philip S. King 10 - - Devizes, Origin of: a Question for the Heralds, by J. Waylen 11 - - MINOR QUERIES:--Gold Signet Ring--Ecclesia - Anglicana--Tangiers: English Army in 1684--Smith-- - Termination "-itis"--Loak Hen--Etymological Traces of the - Social Position of our Ancestors--Locke's Writings-- - Passage in Goethe's "Faust"--Schomberg's Epitaph by - Swift--The Burial Service said by Heart--Shaw's - Staffordshire MSS.--"Ne'er to these chambers," &c.-- - County History Societies--Hugh Oldham, Bishop of - Exeter--The English Domestic Novel--Dr. Young--Bishop - Hall's Meditations--Chatterton--Passage in Job--Turner's - View of Lambeth Palace--Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness - of Mathematical Learning--"The General Pardon" 12 - - MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Edward the Confessor's - Ring--The Bourbons 15 - - REPLIES:-- - - Emblems 15 - - Marriages en Chemise--Mantelkinder--Legitimation, by - E. Smirke, &c. 17 - - Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662, by Archdeacon - Cotton 18 - - Etymology of Pearl, by Sir J. Emerson Tennant, &c. 18 - - "Martin Drunk," by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 19 - - Goethe's Reply to Nicolai 19 - - PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Processes upon - Paper--Exhibition of Photography at the Society of Arts 20 - - REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Quotation in Locke--Pic-nic-- - Discovery at Nuneham Regis--Door-head Inscriptions--Cross - and Pile--Rhymes upon Places--[Greek: Arnion]--Who was - the greatest General?--Beech-trees struck by Lightning-- - Passage in Tennyson--Inscriptions in Churches-- - Dutensiana--Early Phonography--Kentish Local Names; - Dray--Monument at Modstena--Book-plates--"World without - end," &c. 23 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 28 - - Notices to Correspondents 28 - - Advertisements 28 - - * * * * * - - -OUR SEVENTH VOLUME. - -We might, without any offence against truth or modesty, begin our Seventh -Volume by congratulating ourselves and our Readers on the continued success -and increasing circulation of our work. As to Truth, our Readers can only -judge in part, and must take our word for the rest; but they may see enough -in our pages to lead them to do so. Let them but look at the signatures -which from time to time appear in our columns, and they will see enough to -prove that we have the sanction of a list of names, high in literary -reputation, such as it might seem ostentatious to parade in our columns on -an occasion like the present. We abstain the more readily, because we have -felt it our duty to do the thing so frequently and fully in our -prospectuses. And as to Modesty, can there be any want of it in saying that -with such--or perhaps we should say by such--contributors we have produced -a work which the public has found acceptable? With such contributors, and -others whom we should be proud to name with them, if they had given names -which we cannot but know, but do not feel authorised to decypher--with such -help, what sort of animal must an editor be who could fail to make a work -worth reading? In fact, if not our highest praise, it is the plainest proof -of the value of our publication, that we have done little or nothing except -to give the reader the greatest possible quantity of matter in a legible -form, wholly unassisted by graphic ornament or artistic decoration of any -kind--without even the attraction of politics, scandal, or polemics. - -Our pride is that we are useful; and that fact is proved by another to -which it has given rise, namely, that we are favoured with many more -contributions than we can possibly find room for; and therefore, instead of -employing the occasion which offers for a few words with our Readers, by -way of introduction to a new Volume, in any protracted remarks on what we -have done, we would rather confer with them on the ways and means of doing -more. - -In the first place, let us say explicitly that we do not mean by the most -obvious method of increasing the bulk of our publication. It is quite clear -that we {2} could print twice as much on twice as many pages; but this is -not what we mean. Those who refer to our earliest Numbers will see "how we -are grown," and we are perfectly convinced that we are now quite grown -up--that our quantity (to change the figure) is quite as much as our -company wish to see set on the table at once, and our price quite as -agreeable as if it were larger; for to enlarge the work without enlarging -the price would be quite out of the question. - -But, in the course of what we may now call considerable experience, during -which we have seen the work grow up into the form which it now wears, we -have been led to think, that if our friends will allow us to offer a few -suggestions (on which some of them may perhaps improve), we may be able, -with the same space and cost, to oblige more Correspondents; and not only -by that means, but by rendering our information more select and valuable, -increase the gratification of our Readers. - -Our name suggests the idea of a work consisting of two parts; and, with -regard to the first, we can only offer such obvious remarks as, that the -more a writer condenses what he has to say, the less room his communication -will occupy in print--and the less room he occupies, the more he will leave -for others, &c. These are weighty and important truths, but such as we need -not insist on. - -But when we look at the other part, passing under the single name of -"QUERIES," it becomes obvious that our work, instead of having, as its -title would import, what Sir Thomas Browne calls a "bicapitous -conformation," does in fact consist of three parts, which must be ranged -under three different heads, and dealt with in three different ways. A -little, modest, demure-looking QUERY slips into print, and by the time it -has been in print a fortnight, we find that it has a large family of -REPLIES, who all come about it, and claim a settlement on the ground of -their parentage. - -Now, it is on this matter that we think some improvement may be made. We -would not on any account diminish our number of QUERIES, and would wish -even our NOTES to be notes of interrogation as well as information. But -between QUERIES and REPLIES, notwithstanding their family connexion, there -is an essential difference. In every case the QUERY, in order to its -answering the end for which it is proposed, must be public; but in a great -many cases the REPLY need not be so. The QUERY may be a very proper and -curious one, and interesting in a high degree to the proposer and several -other persons, but the REPLY to it may involve details not generally -interesting.[1] We shall not be thought to discourage such inquiries (while -we consider the opportunity which we afford for making them one of the most -valuable features of our work) if we illustrate this by suggesting that A. -wishes for genealogical or family history; B. wants to know what the author -of such or such a book which he is editing means by such or such a -reference; C., who is editing another, wants a collation of this or that -edition; D., who is writing a third book, in order to correct and enrich -it, wants as many things (and heartily glad should we be to help him to get -them) as would occupy half-a-dozen of our Numbers; and so we might go on, -were it not quite unnecessary to pursue in detail the illustration of what -is so plain. Now it has occurred to us, that if Correspondents who wish to -make inquiries, the answers to which would obviously be of no general -interest, would, with their Query, enclose a stamped envelope, directed in -any way which they may think proper, it would often be in our power not -only to transmit to them answers to their inquiries, but to put them in -direct communication with those who could give them further information; -and who would in many cases communicate with individuals of whose -respectability and capacity they were satisfied, more freely than they -would through a public channel. We shall be glad to know how far such a -plan would be approved of. We must add, that it would enable us to make use -of many REPLIES which it is impossible, under present circumstances, to -insert; and we believe that many Answerers would not only be as well -pleased to learn that their REPLIES had been transmitted to the Querist, -but that, with a knowledge that they would be so transmitted, they would -write with more freedom and fulness than if they expected the REPLY to be -published. One thing only we should bargain for--and, having cut ourselves -off from all hope of gain by desiring to have the envelopes directed, we -think we have a right to ask it--it is, that if in this correspondence, of -which we are the medium, they come to any curious and generally interesting -results, they will send them to us, _pro bono publico_. - -[Footnote 1: A valued Correspondent, who has strongly urged the adoption of -the course which we are now recommending to our Readers, thus illustrates -his position:-- - -"It seems to be a very good thing to have a medium of genealogical inquiry; -but why should all the world be troubled with the answers to a man who -writes,-- - - 'Sir,--I shall be obliged to anybody who can give me a full account of - my family. - - JOHN SMITH.' - -"Again, supposing X. Y. wants to borrow some not very common book which one -happens to have, I am not going to write (and if I did so write you would -not print it), 'If X. Y., as soon as he sees this, will call on the Pump at -Aldgate, he will find my copy of the book tied to the spout, if the charity -boys have not cribbed it; and he can return it or not, according to his -conscience, if he has any."] - -{3} - - * * * * * - - -Notes. - -PROCLAMATIONS OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, AND THEIR VALUE AS HISTORICAL -EVIDENCES. - -The work that is now going on at the Society of Antiquaries in reference to -the collection of royal proclamations in their library, is one in which not -merely the Fellows of that Society, but all historical students, are deeply -interested. The Society possesses one of the three known largest -collections of these public documents. They were formerly bound up in -volumes of several different sizes, intermixed with a variety of fugitive -publications, such as ballads and broadsides, which formed altogether a -very incongruous collection. A short time since it was found that the -binding of many of the volumes was very much worn, and that some of the -documents themselves had been considerably torn and damaged. Under these -circumstances, Mr. Lemon, of the State Paper Office, offered his services -to the Council to superintend an entire new arrangement, mounting, binding, -and calendaring, of the whole series of proclamations. His offer was of -course gratefully accepted, and the work is now in active progress. - -The collection is certainly the most important that is known, and is -especially so in the reign of Elizabeth; in reference to which there is no -collection at all approaching to it, either in completeness or value. Still -there are many proclamations wanting: several of the Fellows of the Society -have come forward most liberally to fill up gaps. MR. PAYNE COLLIER led the -way in a contribution of great value; MR. SALT followed MR. COLLIER with a -munificent donation of a whole collection relating to Charles II. and James -II.; and upon Mr. Lemon's suggestion, and with the joint concurrence of Mr. -Secretary Walpole and the Keeper of the State Paper Office, an interchange -of duplicates has been effected between that office and the Society of -Antiquaries, which has added forty proclamations to the Society's -collection. - -My principal reason for addressing you upon this subject is to ask you to -suggest to your readers that a similar interchange of duplicates might be -effected between the Society and any persons who chance to have duplicate -proclamations in their possession. - -It is of the very highest literary and historical importance that we should -get together, in some accessible place, a collection of proclamations, -which if not actually complete (a consummation hardly to be expected), -shall yet approach to completeness. The collection at Somerset House offers -the best opportunity for forming such a collection. It is by far the most -nearly complete in existence, and is strong in that particular part of the -series in which other collections are most defective, and in which missing -proclamations are the most difficult to be supplied. At the Society of -Antiquaries the collection will be accessible to all literary inquirers, -and no doubt the Society will publish a proper catalogue, which is already -in preparation by Mr. Lemon. - -It is obvious that any person who chooses to contribute such stray -proclamations, or copies of proclamations, as he may chance to have in his -possession, will be helping forward a really good work, and the possessor -of duplicates may not only do the same, but may benefit his own collection -by an interchange. - -The value of proclamations as historical authorities, and especially as -authorities for the history of manners, and of our national progress, is -indisputable. As I write, I have before me the _Booke of Proclamations_ of -James I. from 1603 to 1609; and the page lying open affords a striking -illustration of what I assert. It gives us A CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF OUR -POST-OFFICE. - -Immediately on the accession of James I., the high north road from London -to Edinburgh was thronged with multitudes of pilgrims hastening to the -worship of the newly risen sun. Robert Carey became, in the words of -Cowper's enigma, "the parent of numbers that cannot be told." Scotland has -never poured into the south more active or more anxious suppliants than -then traversed the northward road through Berwick. All ordinary -accommodation soon fell short of the demand. Messengers riding post from -the council to the king were stayed on the road for want of the ordinary -supply of post-horses, all which were taken up by lords and gentry--rushing -northward in the fury of their new-born loyalty. As a remedy for these -inconveniences, the lords of the council issued a proclamation, calling -upon all magistrates to aid the postmasters "in this time so full of -business," by seeing that they are supplied with "fresh and able horses as -necessitie shall require." Of course the supply was merely of horses. -Travellers could not in those days obtain carriages of any kind. The horses -were directed to be "able and sufficient horses, and well furnished of -saddles, bridles, girts and stirropes, with good guides to looke to them; -who for their said horses shall demand and receive of such as shall ride on -them, the prices accustomed." - -The new state of things became permanent. London, after James's removal -from Edinburgh, being really the seat of government for the whole island, -the intercourse both ways was continuous, and further general orders for -its management were published by proclamation. There were at that time, on -all the high roads through the country, two sorts of posts:--1. Special -messengers or couriers who rode "thorough post," that is, themselves rode -through the whole distance, "with horn and guide." Such persons carried -with them an authentication of their employment in the {4} public service. -In 1603, they were charged "two-pence halfe-peny the mile" (raised in 1609 -to threepence) for the hire of each horse, "besides the guide's groats." -The hire was to be paid beforehand. They were not to ride the horses more -than one stage, except with the consent of "the post of the stage" at which -they did not change. Nor were they to charge the horse "with any male or -burden (besides his rider) that exceedeth the weight of thirtye pounds." -Nor to ride more than seven miles an hour in summer or six in winter. 2. -The other sort of post was what was termed the "post for the packet." For -this service every postmaster was bound to keep horses ready; and on -receipt of a "packet" or parcel containing letters, he was to send it on -towards the next stage within a quarter of an hour after its arrival, -entering the transaction in "a large and faire ledger paper book." Two -horses were to be kept constantly ready for this service, "with furniture -convenient," and messengers "at hand in areadinesse." The postmaster was -also to have ready "two bags of leather, at the least, well lined with -bayes or cotton, to carry the packet in." He was also to have ready "hornes -to sound and blow, as oft as the post meets company, or foure times in -every mile." - -The "post for the packet" was at first used only for the carriage of -despatches for the government or for ambassadors, but a similar mode of -conveyance soon began to be taken advantage of by merchants and private -persons. Difficulty in obtaining posts and horses for the conveyance of -private packets, led to the interference of "certain persons called -hackney-men, tapsters, hostlers, and others, in hiring out their horses, to -the hinderance of publique service, danger to our state, and wrong to our -standing and settled postes in their several stages." The government of -James I. thought, in its blindness, that it could put a stop to the -dangerous practice of transmitting unofficial letters, by rendering it -penal for private persons to carry them; that of Charles I., wiser, in this -respect, in its generation, settled a scheme for their general conveyance -through the medium of "a letter office." But the "post for the packet," -with his leathern bag and his twanging horn (the origin, of course, of our -mail-coach horn), continued down to a late period, and probably still -lingers in some parts of the kingdom. Cowper, it will be remembered, -describes him admirably. - -JOHN BRUCE. - - * * * * * - -CURIOSITIES OF ADVERTISING LITERATURE. - -We are all well acquainted with the ingenious artifices by which modern -advertisers thrust their wares upon the attention of newspaper readers. We -may, perhaps, have been betrayed into the expression of come rude Saxon -expletive, when, in the columns devoted to news and general information, we -have in our innocence been tempted with a paragraph that commenced with "a -clever saying of the illustrious Voltaire's," and dovetailed into a -panegyric of Messrs. Aaron and Son's Reversible Paletots; or we may have -applauded the clever logician who so clearly demonstrates, that as -Napoleon's bilious affection frequently clouded his judgment in times of -greatest need, the events of the present century, and the fate of nations, -would have been reversed, had that great man only been persuaded to take -two boxes of Snooks's Aperient Pill, price 1s. 1-1/2d., with the Government -stamp on a red ground (see Advt.). All these things we know very well; but, -of the fugitive literature that does not find a place in the advertising -columns of _The Times_, but flashes into Fame only in the pages of some -local oracle, or in some obscurer broad-sheet, how often must it remain -unappreciated, and doomed to "waste its sweetness on the desert air." That -this may not be said of the following burst of advertising eloquence, I -trust it may be found worthy a niche in the temple of "N. & Q." In its -composition the author was probably inspired by the grand scenery of the -Cheviots, in a village near to which his shop was situate. It was one of -those "generally-useful" shops where the grocer and draper held equal -reign, and anything could be got, from silks and satins to butter and Bath -bricks. The composition was printed and distributed among the neighbouring -families; but shortly after, when the author heard that it had not produced -the exact effect he had wished, he, with the irritability that often -accompanies genius, resolved to get back and destroy every copy of his -production, and deny to the world that which it could not appreciate. -Fortunately for the world's welfare, I preserved a copy of his hand-bill, -of which this, in its turn, is a faithful transcript: - - "_To the Inhabitants of G. and its neighbourhood._ - - "The present age is teeming with advantages which no preceding Era in - the history of mankind has afforded to the human family. New schemes - are projecting to enlighten and extend civilisation, Railways have been - projected and carried out by an enterprising and spirited nation, while - Science in its gigantic power (simple yet sublime) affords to the - humane mind so many facilities to explore its rich resources, the - Seasons roll on in their usual course producing light and heat, the - vivifying rays of the Sun, and the fructifying influences of nature - producing food and happiness to the Sons of Toil; while to the people - of G. and its neighbourhood a rich and extensive variety of Fashionable - Goods is to be found in my Warehouse, which have just been selected - with the greatest care. The earliest visit is requested to convey to - the mind an adequate idea of the great extent of his purchases, - comprising as it does all that is elegant and useful, cheap and - substantial, to the light-hearted votaries of Matrimony, the Matrons of - Reflection, the Man of Industry, and the disconsolate Victims of - Bereavement. - - J-- M--." - -{5} - -The peroration certainly exhibits what Mrs. Malaprop calls "a nice -derangement of epitaphs:" and, us for the rest, surely "the force of" -bathos "could no further go." - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - - * * * * * - -ON A PASSAGE IN "KING HENRY VIII.," ACT III. SC. 2. - -One of the most desperately unintelligible passages in Shakspeare occurs in -this play, in the scene between the King and the Cardinal, when the latter -professes his devoted attachment to his service. It stands thus in the -first folio: - - _Car._ "I do professe - That for your Highnesse good, I euer labour'd - More then mine owne: that am, haue, and will be - (Though all the world should cracke their duty to you, - And throw it from their Soule, though perils did - Abound, as thicke as thought could make 'em, and - Appeare in formes more horrid) yet my Duty, - As doth a Rocke against the chiding Flood, - Should the approach of this wilde Riuer breake, - And stand vnshaken yours." - -Upon this Mason observes: - - "I can find no meaning in these words (that am, have, and will be), or - see how they are connected with the rest of the sentence; and should - therefore strike them out." - -Malone says: - - "I suppose the meaning is, '_that_ or _such a man_, I am, have _been_, - and will _ever_ be.' Our author has many hard and forced expressions in - his plays; but many of the hardnesses in the piece before us appear to - me of a different colour from those of Shakspeare. Perhaps however, a - line following has been lost; for in the old copy there is no stop at - the end of this line; and, indeed, I have some doubt whether a comma - ought not to be placed at it, rather than a fullpoint." - -Mr. Knight, however, places a fullpoint at _will be_, and says: - - "There is certainly some corruption in this passage; for no ellipsis - can have taken this very obscure form. Z. Jackson suggests 'that _aim - has_ and will be.' This is very harsh. We might read 'That _aim_ I have - and will,' _will_ being a noun." - -Mr. Collier has the following note: - - "In this place we can do no more than reprint exactly the old text, - with the old punctuation; as if Wolsey, following 'that am, have, and - will be' by a long parenthesis, had forgotten how he commenced his - sentence. Something may have been lost, which would have completed the - meaning and the instances have not been infrequent where lines, - necessary to the sense, have been recovered from the quarto - impressions. Here we have no quarto impressions to resort to, and the - later folios afford us no assistance, as they reprint the passage as it - stands in the folio 1628, excepting that the two latest end the - parenthesis at 'break.'" - -I cannot think that the poet would have put a short speech into Wolsey's -mouth, making him forget how he commenced it! Nor do I believe that -anything has been lost, except the slender letter _I_ preceding _am_. The -printer or transcriber made the easy mistake of taking the word _true_ for -_haue_, which as written of old would readily occur, and having thus -confused the passage, had recourse to the unconscionable long mark of a -parenthesis. The passage undoubtedly should stand thus: - - _Car._ "I do profess - That for your highness' good I ever labour'd - More than mine own; that _I_ am _true_, and will be - Though all the world should _lack_ their duty to you, - And throw it from their soul: though perils did - Abound, as thick as thought could make them, and - Appear in forms more horrid; yet my duty - (As doth a rock against the chiding flood,) - Should the approach of this wild river break, - And stand unshaken yours." - -Here all is congruous and clear. This slight correction of a palpable -printer's error redeems a fine passage hitherto entirely unintelligible. I -do not insist upon the correction in the fourth line of _lack_ for _crack_, -yet what can be meant by _cracking a duty_? The duke, in the _Two Gentlemen -of Verona_, speaks of his daughter as "_lacking_ duty;" and seeing how very -negligently the whole passage has been given in the folio, I think there is -good ground for its reception. With regard to the correction in the second -line, I feel confident, and doubt not that it will have the approbation of -all who, like myself, feel assured that most of the difficulties in the -text of our great poet are attributable to careless printer or transcriber. - -When I proposed (Vol. vi., p. 468.) to read "_rail_ at once," instead of -"_all_ at once," in _As You Like It_, Act III. Sc. 5., I thought the -conjecture my own, having then only access to the editions of Mr. Collier -and Mr. Knight; I consequently said, "It is somewhat singular that the -passage should hitherto have passed unquestioned." My surprise was -therefore great, on turning to the passage in the _Variorum Shakspeare_, to -find the following note by Warburton, which had escaped my notice: - - "If the speaker intended to accuse the person spoken to only for - _insulting_ and exulting, then, instead of '_all_ at once,' it ought to - have been _both_ at once. But, examining the crime of the person - accused, we shall discover that the line is to be read thus: - - 'That you insult, exult, and _rail_ at once,' - - for these three things Phoebe was guilty of. But the Oxford editor - improves it, and, for _rail_ at once, reads _domineer_." - -I have no recollection of having ever read the note before, and certainly -was not conscious of it. The coincidence, therefore, may be considered (as -Mr. Collier observed in respect to the reading of _palpable_ for _capable_) -as much in favour of this conjecture. {6} - -That the most careful printers can _misread_, and consequently _misprint_, -copy, is evident from the following error in my last Note:--Vol. vi., p. -584., col. 1, for "in the edition which I gave of the _part_," read -"_poet_." This mistake, like most of those I have indicated in the first -folio Shakspeare, might easily occur if the word was indistinctly written. - -S. W. SINGER. - -Mickleham. - - * * * * * - -NOTES ON BACON'S ESSAYS. - -As I find that the editor of _Bacon's Essays_ for Bohn's _Standard Library_ -has not verified the quotations, I venture to send you a few "N. & Q." on -them, which I hope to continue from time to time, if they prove acceptable. -In compliance with the recommendation of MR. SYDNEY SMIRKE and the REV. H. -T. ELLACOMBE (Vol. vi., p. 558.), I append my name and address. - -N.B. The paging and notes of Bohn's edition are followed throughout. - - Preface, p. xiii. note *. "Speech on the Impeachment of Warren - Hastings." See Burke's _Works_, vol. viii. p. 15. [ed. 1827.] Speech on - the first day of reply. - - Ditto, p. xv. Letter to Father Fulgentio. See Montagu's _Bacon_, vol. - xi. pref., p. vii.; vol. xii. p. 205. - - Ditto, ditto. _Spenser's Faery Queene, &c._ See preface to Moxon's - _Spenser_ (1850), p. xxix., where this story is refuted, and Montagu, - xvi., note _x_. - - Ditto, p. xvi. "It was like another man's fair ground," &c. See - Montagu, xvi. p. xxvii. - - Ditto, ditto. "I shall die," &c. Ditto, xxxiv. and note _ww_. - - Ditto, p. xvii. note +. Dugald Stewart. Supplement to _Encycl. Brit._, - vol. i. p. 54. [ed. 1824.] - - Ditto, ditto. H_a_tton, not H_u_tton, as in _Eliza Cook's Journal_, vi. - 235. - - Ditto, ditto. Love an ignoble passion. Essay x. _ad init._ - - Ditto, p. xviii. "Says Macaulay." Review of B. Montagu's _Bacon - Essays_, p. 355. [ed. 1851.] - - Ditto, ditto. A pamphlet. Montagu, vi. 299. - - Ditto, p. xix. "A place in the Canticles." Cap. ii. 1. Bacon quotes, - from memory it would appear, from the Vulgate, which has "Ego flos - campi." By whom is the observation? See, for the story, Montagu, xvi. - p. xcviii. - - Ditto, ditto. "Books were announced." What? - - Ditto, p. xx. "Caesar's compliment to Cicero." Where recorded? - - Ditto, p. xxi. "The manufacture of particular articles of trade." - Montagu, xvi. 306. - - Ditto, p. xxii. "Says Macaulay." _Ut supra_, p. 407. - - Ditto, ditto. Ben Jonson. See Underwood's, lxix. lxxviii. [pp. 711, - 713. ed. Moxon, 1851.] - - Ditto, p. xxv. Marcus Lucius. Who is here alluded to? - - Ditto, p. xxvii. "Which strangely parodies." The opening alluded to is - "Franciscus de Verulam sic cogitavit." - - Ditto, p. xxviii. "One solitary line." Where is this to be found? - - Ditto, ditto. "Ben Jonson after sketching." See _Discoveries_, p. 749. - _ut sup._ - - Ditto, p. xxix. "Might have censured with Hume." Where? - - Ditto, ditto. "Hobbes." Where does he praise Bacon? - - Ditto, ditto. "Bayle." In Bayle's _Dictionary_ [English edition, 1710], - _s. v._, we find but fourteen lines on Bacon. - - Ditto, ditto. "Tacitus." _Vit. Agric._, cap. 44. - - Ditto, p. xxxiii. note. Solomon's House. See p. 296. _seqq._ of the - vol. of the _Standard Library_. - - Ditto, p. xxxiv. note. Paterculus, i. 17. 6. [Burmann.] - -(_To be continued._) - -P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. - -26. Hill's Road, Cambridge. - - * * * * * - -LATIN POEMS IN CONNEXION WITH WATERLOO. - -I send you two copies of Latin verses which have not, to my knowledge, -appeared in print. They are however interesting, from the coincidence of -their both relating to _elm-trees_, and in some measure belonging to the -"Story of Waterloo," about which we never can hear too much. The lines -themselves possess considerable merit; and, as their authors were -respectively distinguished alumni of Eton and Winchester, I hope to see -both compositions placed in juxtaposition in the columns of "N. & Q." - -The first of these productions was written by Marquis Wellesley, as an -inscription for a chair carved from the _Wellington Elm_ (which stood near -the centre of the British lines on the field of Waterloo), and presented to -his Majesty King George IV., to whom the lines were addressed: - - Ampla inter spolia, et magni decora alta triumphi, - _Ulmus_ erit fastis commemoranda tuis, - Quam super exoriens fausta tibi gloria penna - Palmam oleamque uno detulit alma die; - Immortale decus maneat, famaque perenni - Felicique geras sceptra paterna manu; - Et tua victrices dum cingunt tempora lauri, - Materies solio digna sit ista tuo. - -For the other verses subjoined, we are indebted to the late Rev. William -Crowe, Fellow of New College, Oxford, and many years public orator in that -university. It seems that he had planted _an elm_ at his parsonage, on the -birth of his son, afterwards killed at Waterloo, which sad event was {7} -commemorated by his afflicted father in the following touching monody, -_affixed to the same tree_: - - _Hanc_ Ego quam felix annis melioribus _Ulmum_ - Ipse manu sevi, tibi dilectissime Fili - Consecro in aeternum, Gulielme vocabitur Arbos - Haec tua, servabitque tuum per secula nomen. - Te generose Puer nil muneris hujus egentem - Te jam perfunctum vitae bellique labore, - Adscripsit Deus, et coelestibus intulit oris, - Me tamen afflictum, me consolabitur aegrum - Hoc tibi quod pono, quanquam leve pignus amoris, - Hic Ego de vita meditans, de sorte futura, - Saepe tuam recolam formam, dulcemque loquelam, - Verbaque tam puro et sacrato fonte profecta, - Quam festiva quidem, et facili condita lepore. - At Te, qui nostris quicunque accesseris hospes - Sedibus, unum oro, moesti reverere Parentis, - Nec tu sperne preces quas hac super Arbore fundo. - Sit tibi non invisa, sit inviolata securi, - Et quantum natura sinet, crescat monumentum - Egregii Juvenis, qui saevo est Marte peremptus, - Fortiter ob patriam pugnando, sic tibi constans - Stet fortuna domus, sit nulli obnoxia damno, - Nec videas unquam dilecti funera nati. - -BRAYBROOKE. - - * * * * * - -SIR HENRY WOTTON AND MILTON. - -The letter which sir Henry Wotton addressed to Milton, on receiving the -_Maske presented at Ludlow-castle_, appears to admit of an interpretation -which has escaped the numerous editors of the works of Milton; and I -resolve to put this novel conjecture on its trial in the critical court of -facts and inferences held at No. 186. Fleet Street. - -Sir Henry Wotton thus expresses himself on the circumstance which I -conceive to have been misinterpreted: - - "For the work itself [a dainty piece of entertainment, by Milton] I had - viewed some good while before with singular delight, having received it - from our common friend Mr. R. in the very close of the late R.'s - _Poems_, printed at Oxford; whereunto [it] is added (as I now suppose) - that the accessory might help out the principal, according to the art - of stationers, and to leave the reader _con la bocca - dolce_."--_Reliquiae Wottonianae_, 1672. - -In the poems of Milton, as edited by himself in 1645, the date of this -letter is "13th April, 1638;" and as the _Poems_ of "Thomas Randolph, -master of arts, and late fellow of Trinity colledge in Cambridge," were -printed at Oxford in that year, in small quarto, it may be assumed that the -gift of _Mr. R._ was a copy of that volume, with the addition of the -_Maske_, as printed in the same size in 1637. Such was the conclusion of -Warton, and such is mine. The question at issue is, Who was _Mr. R._? -Warton says, "I believe _Mr. R._ to be John Rouse," the keeper of the -Bodleian library. Is it not more probable that _Mr. R._ means Robert -Randolph, master of arts, and student of Christchurch--a younger brother of -Thomas Randolph, and the editor of his poems? - -I must first dispose of the assertion that the friendship between Rouse and -Milton "appears to have subsisted in 1637." There is no evidence of their -friendship till 1647; and that evidence is the ode to Rouse, to which this -address is prefixed: "Jan. 23. 1646. Ad Joannem Rousium, Oxoniensis -academiae bibliothecarium. De libro poematum amisso, _quem ille sibi denuo -mitti postulabat_, ut cum aliis nostris in bibliotheca publica reponeret, -ode." It seems that Milton did not send the volume of 1645 till a copy of -it had been requested; no evidence, certainly, of old friendship! I admit -the probability that Wotton and Rouse were friends; but why should Rouse -_officiously stitch up_, as Warton expresses it, the _Mask_ of Milton with -the _Poems_ of Thomas Randolph, and present the volume to Wotton? Did he -give away that which is still wanting in the Bodleian library? - -Admit my novel conjecture, and all the difficulties vanish. Thomas -Randolph, says Phillips, was "one of the most pregnant young wits of his -time;" and Robert, who was also noted as a poet, could scarcely fail to -offer the poems of his brother to so eminent a person as sir Henry Wotton. -As sir Henry _yearly went to Oxford_, he may have made acquaintance with -Robert; and Robert may have been introduced to Milton by Thomas, who was -for eight years his cotemporary at Cambridge, and in the enjoyment of much -more celebrity. The _Maske_ may have been added as an experiment in -criticism. - -The rev. Thomas Warton was a man of extensive reading, an excellent critic, -and a fascinating writer--but too often inattentive to accuracy of -statement. He says that Randolph _died_ the 17th March, 1634: Wood says he -was _buried_ the 17th March, 1634. He says it is so stated on his monument: -the monument has no date. He says the _Poems_ of Randolph contain 114 -pages: the volume contains 368 pages! He says the _Maske_ is a slight -quarto of 30 pages only; it contains 40 pages! Is it not fit that such -carelessness should be exposed? - -BOLTON CORNEY. - - * * * * * - -FOLK LORE. - -_Unlucky to sell eggs after Sunset._--The following paragraph is extracted -from the _Stamford Mercury_ of October 29, 1852: - - "There exists a species of superstition in north Nottinghamshire - against letting eggs go out of a house after sunset. The other day a - person in want of some eggs called at a farm-house in East Markham, and - inquired of the good woman of the house whether she had any eggs to - sell, to which she replied that she had a few scores to dispose of. - 'Then I'll take them home {8} with me in the cart,' was his answer; to - which she somewhat indignantly replied, 'That you'll not; don't you - know the sun has gone down? You are welcome to the eggs at a proper - hour of the day; but I would not let them go out of the house after the - sun is set on any consideration whatever!'" - -DRAUFIELD. - -_Old Song._-- - - My father gave me an acre of land, - Sing ivy, sing ivy. - My father gave me an acre of land, - Sing green bush, holly, and ivy. - I plough'd it with a ram's horn, - Sing ivy, &c. - I harrow'd it with a bramble, - Sing ivy, &c. - I sow'd it with a peppercorn, - Sing ivy, &c. - I reap'd it with my penknife, - Sing ivy, &c. - I carried it to the mill upon the cat's back, - Sing ivy, &c. - -Then follows some more which I forget, but I think it ends thus: - - I made a cake for all the king's men, - Sing ivy, sing ivy. - I made a cake for all the king's men, - Sing green bush, holly, and ivy. - -D. - -_Nursery Tale._-- I saddled my sow with a sieve full of buttermilk, put my -foot into the stirrup, and leaped nine miles beyond the moon into the land -of temperance, where there was nothing but hammers and hatchets and -candlesticks, and there lay bleeding Old Noles. I let him lie, and sent for -Old Hippernoles, and asked him if he could grind green steel nine times -finer than wheat flour. He said he could not. Gregory's wife was up in the -pear-tree gathering nine corns of buttered peas to pay Saint James' rent. -Saint James was in the meadow mowing oat cakes; he heard a noise, hung his -scythe at his heels, stumbled at the battledore, tumbled over the barn-door -ridge, and broke his shins against a bag of moonshine that stood behind the -stairsfoot door, and if that isn't true you know as well as I. - -D. - -_Legend of Change._--In one of the Magazines for November, a legend, stated -to be of oriental origin, is given, in which an immortal, visiting at -distant intervals the same spot, finds it occupied by a city, an ocean, a -forest, and a city again: the mortals whom he found there, on each -occasion, believing that the present state had existed for ever. I have -seen in the newspapers, at different times, a poem (or I rather think two -poems) founded on this legend; and I should like to know the author or -authors, and whether it, or either of them, is to be found in any -collection of poems. - -D. X. - - * * * * * - -PASSAGE IN HAMLET. - - "Cut off even in the blossoms of my sin, - Unhousell'd, disappointed, unaneld'd." - _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 5. - -Boucher, in his _Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words_ (art. ANYEAL), -has a note on this passage which seems to me to give so much better an idea -of the word _disappointed_ than any I have met with, that I am induced to -send it you as a Note:-- - - "The last two words have occasioned considerable difficulty to the - critics. The old copies, it is said, concur in giving _disappointed_, - which Dr. Johnson is willing to understand as meaning _unprepared_; a - sense that might very well suit the context, but will not be easily - confirmed by any other instance of the use of the word _disappointed_. - Dissatisfied, therefore, with this interpretation, some have read - _unanointed_, and some _unappointed_. Not approving of either of these - words, as connected with _unanealed_, Pope, no timid corrector of - texts, reads _unaneld_, which he supposes to signify _unknelled_, or - the having no knell rung. To these emendations and interpretations Mr. - Theobald, whose merit as a commentator of Shakspeare Mr. Pope, with all - his wit and all his poetry, could not bring into dispute, urged many - strong objections. Skinner rightly explains _anealed_ as meaning - _unctus_; from the Teutonic preposition _an_, and _ele_, oil. As - correction of the second word is admitted by all the commentators to be - necessary, it is suggested that a clear and consistent meaning, - consonant with Shakspeare's manner, will be given to the passage, if, - instead of _disappointed_, _unassoiled_, which signifies 'without - absolution,' be substituted. - - "The line-- - - 'Unhousell'd, unassoil'd, unaneal'd,' - - will then signify 'without receiving the sacrament: without confession - and absolution: and without extreme unction.' - - "The _unassoiled_ was no less proper, will appear from due attention to - the word _assoile_, which of course is derived from _absolvo_; and the - transition from _absolve_ into _assoyle_ is demonstrated in the - following passage from Piers Plowman, Vision, p. 3.: - - 'There preached a pardoner, as he a priest were, - Brought forth a bul, with many a bishop's seales, - And saide, that himself might absoyle hem alle, - Of falshode, of fasting, and of vowes broken.' - - As a further confirmation of the propriety of substituting a word - signifying _absolution_, which pre-supposes confession, the following - sentence from _Prince Arthur_ may be adduced: 'She was confessed and - houselled, and then she died,' part ii. p. 108. - - "It must be allowed that no instance can be given of the word - _unassoiled_: but neither does any other instance occur to me of the - word _unhouseled_ except the line in _Hamlet_." - -B. J. S. - - * * * * * - -{9} - -VOLCANIC INFLUENCE ON THE WEATHER. - -The recent observations of your correspondent MR. NOAKE (Vol. vi., p. 531.) -on the superstitions of the people of Worcestershire regarding the weather, -have called my attention to the present extraordinary wet season, on which -subject I have been asked many questions. Although I do not account myself -any more weatherwise than my neighbours, yet I may note that, for many -years past, I have remarked that whenever we have had any very serious -volcanic disturbance in the Mediterranean or its neighbourhood, or at Mount -Hecla, we have always had some corresponding atmospheric agitation in this -country, either in excessive heat or moisture, or both, and accompanied -with very perceptible vibrations, at times so strong as to answer the name -of earthquakes; and these vibrating so generally in the direction from -north-west to south-east, I have been convinced that underneath us there is -a regular steam passage from Mount Hecla in Iceland to Mount Vesuvius in -Italy. I have unfortunately mislaid my memoranda on this subject, and have -no regular roster of these occasional visitations to refer to, but I think -my attention to this effect was first impressed on me by the season which -followed the destruction at Lisbon in 1796. I recollect a friend of mine, -the late Mr. Empson, of Bouley, while attending some drainage improvements -in his carrs within the Level of Ancholme, was aroused by an extraordinary -noise, which he thought was occasioned by some "drunken fools," as he -called them, racing with their waggons upon the turnpike road above the -hill, which was two miles off from where he then was in the carrs. His -uphill shepherd, however, told him, when he got home, that there had been -no such occurrence as he supposed on the turnpike, as, had such been the -case, he must have heard and seen it. The next day, however, added fresh -information, and better observers discovered that the noise heard across -the carrs was underground; and further intelligence confirmed the suspicion -that it was occasioned by a species of earthquake that had been felt at -different places with different intensities, through Yorkshire and -Lancashire, and amongst the islands west of Scotland; and afterwards came -the same kind of intelligence across France, confirming me in my -conclusions before noted. And ever since this period of 1796 we have never -had any extraordinary alternation of extreme heat or wet, without its being -to me the result of some accompanying volcanic agitation in Mount Hecla, or -Mount Vesuvius or its neighbourhood; and the recurrence of the violent -ebullition that has this year being going on at Mount Etna may therefore be -considered as the electric cause not only of the extraordinary heat of our -late summer, but also of the floods that have subsequently poured down upon -us. It is only of late years that scientific men have paid due attention to -these physical phenomena. Sir Humphrey Davy, I think, was the first who -laid down their causes; and if we recollect the account given by Sir -Stamford Raffles of the appalling effects of the tremendous explosion of -Tombora, in Sambowa, one of the islands east of Java, in the year 1815, -described as so violent in its immediate neighbourhood as to cause men, and -horses, and trees to be taken up into the air like chaff; and of its -effects being perceptible in Sumatra, where, nearly at a thousand miles -distance from it, they heard its thundering noisy explosions,--thinking of -this, we may well accede the comparatively small vibrations that we -occasionally feel, as arising from the interchange of civilities passing -between our volcanic neighbours Hecla and Vesuvius, or Etna; and glad we -may be that we have them in no more inconvenient shape or degree than we -have hitherto experienced them. I have some friends in Lancashire who have -been a good deal alarmed by the vibrations they have lately experienced; -and I must confess that my good wife and myself were, on the morning of the -10th Dec., not a little startled in our bed by a shock that aroused us -early to inquire after the cause of it, but for which we cannot account -otherwise than that, from its sudden electric character, the Lancashire -vibration had reached us. The chief purport, however, of my present -communication is, to make inquiry amongst your readers, whether any of -them, like myself, have observed and experienced any recurrence of these -concomitant and physical obtrusions. - -WM. S. HESLEDON. - -Barton upon Humber. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Value of MSS._--In the cause of Calvert _v._ Sebright, a question arose as -to the sale of a collection of manuscript books by the late Sir John -Sebright in the year 1807. In aid of the inquiry before the Master, as to -the difference in value of the manuscripts in 1807 and the year 1849, Mr. -Rodd made an affidavit, from which I have made the following extract, -showing the prices at which five lots were sold in 1807, and the prices at -which the same lots were sold at the late Mr. Heber's sale in 1836: - - "No. in Catalogue, 1185. Bracton de (Hen.) Consuetudinibus et Legibus - Anglicae. (In pergamena) literis deauratis. Sold in 1807 for 1l. 13s.: - produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 6l. 6s. - - "Lot 1190. Gul. Malmesburiensis de Gestis Regum Anglorum. (In - pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for 1l. 7s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, - 63l. - - "Lot 1195. Chronica Gulielmi Thorn. (In membranis.) Sold in 1807 for - 12s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 85l. - - {10} "Lot 1198. Henrici Archid. Huntindoniensis de Gestis Anglorum et - Gyr. Cambriensis expugnatio Hiberniae. (In pergamena.) Sold in 1807 for - 2l. 1s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 78l. 15s. 6d. - - "Lot 1206. Chronica Matt. Parisensis sine Historia Minor cum vita - authoris, per Doctissimum Virum Rog. Twysden Bar. (In papyro.) Sold in - 1807 for 2l. 8s.: produced at Heber's sale, 1836, 5l. 15s. 6d. Total - produce in 1807, 8l. 1s.: in 1836, 238l. 17s." - -In the catalogue of Heber's books, &c., Nos. 447. 1006. 498. 118. and 1016. -correspond with the Nos. 1185. 1190. 1195. 1198. 1206. - -F. W. J. - -_Robert Hill._--I possess a Latin Bible which formerly belonged to this -person, and contains many MS. notes in his handwriting. The following is by -another hand: - - "This book formerly belonged to Mr. Robert Hill, a taylor of - Buckingham, and an acquaintance of my cousin John Herbert, surgeon of - that town. J. L." - - "In literature we find of this profession (_i. e._ that of a taylor) - John Speed, a native of Cheshire, whose merit as an historian and - antiquary are indisputable--to whom may be added the name of a man who - in literature ought to have taken the lead, we mean John Stow. Benjamin - Robins, the compiler of _Lord Anson's Voyage_, who united the powers of - the sword and the pen, was professionally a taylor of Bath; as was - Robert Hill of Buckingham, who, in the midst of poverty and distress, - while obliged to labour at his trade for the support of a large family, - acquired a knowledge of the Hebrew, and other languages, such as has - only been equalled by Magliabecchi, who studied in a cradle curtained - by cobwebs and colonised by spiders."--See "Vestiges Revived," No. XX. - _European Mag._ for Mar. 1813. - -The above choice note is, I presume, an extract from the _Europ. Mag._, and -may serve to show that although ordinarily it takes "nine tailors to make a -man," it may occasionally require nine men to make such a tailor as R. Hill -seems to have been. - -B. H. C. - -_English Orthography._--The agricultural newspapers and magazines in the -United States have generally restored the spelling of _plow_ in place of -_plough_, which has crept in since the translation of the Bible into -English. - -Could not _cloke_, the old spelling, be also restored, in place of _cloak_, -which has nothing but _oak_ to keep it in countenance; whilst _cloke_ is in -analogy with _smoke_, _poke_, _broke_, &c.? - -There are two English words, in pronouncing which not a single letter of -them is sounded; namely _ewe_ (yo!) and _aye_ (I!) - -UNEDA. - -Philadelphia. - -_Bookselling in Glasgow in 1735._--The following curious report of a law -case appears in Morison's _Dictionary of the Decisions of the Court of -Session_, p. 9455. It appears from it that, so late as 1735, the city of -Glasgow, now containing a population of nearly 400,000, was considered too -limited a sphere for the support of only _two_ booksellers. - - "1735, January 15. Stalker against Carmichael. Carmichael and Stalker - entered into a co-partnery of bookselling within the City of Glasgow, - to continue for three years; and because _the place was judged too - narrow for two booksellers at a time_, it was stipulated that after the - expiry of three years, either of them refusing to enter into a new - contract upon the former terms, should be debarred from any concern in - bookselling within the city of Glasgow. In a reduction of the contract, - the Lords found the debarring clause in the contract is a lawful - practice, and not contrary to the liberty of the subject." - -X. Y. - -Edinburgh. - -_Epitaph on a Sexton._--Epitaph on a sexton, who received a great blow by -the clapper of a bell: - - "Here lyeth the body of honest John Capper, - Who lived by the bell, and died by the clapper." - -Answer to the foregoing: - - "I am not dead indeed, but have good hope, - To live by the bell when you die by the rope." - -E. - - * * * * * - - -Queries. - -EUSTACHE DE SAINT PIERRE. - -With the siege of Calais, and its surrender to Edward III. in 1347, is -associated the name of Eustache de St. Pierre, whose loyalty and -devotedness have been immortalised by the historian, and commemorated by -the artist's pencil. The subject of Queen Philippa's intercessions on -behalf of Eustache and his brave companions is, no doubt, familiar to most -of your readers: the stern demeanour of the king; the tears and -supplicating attitude of the Queen Philippa; and the humiliating position -of the burgesses of Calais, &c. But what if Eustache de St. Pierre had been -bought over by King Edward? For without going the length of pronouncing the -scenes of the worthy citizens, with halters round their necks, to have been -a "got up" affair, there is, however, some reason to doubt whether the -boasted loyalty of Eustache de St. Pierre was such as is represented, as -will appear from the following notes. And however much the statements -therein contained may detract from the cherished popular notions regarding -Eustache de St. Pierre, yet the seeker after truth is inexorable, or, to -use the words of Sir Francis Palgrave (_Hist. of Norm. and Eng._, i. 354.), -he is expected "to uncramp or shatter the pedestals supporting the idols -which have won the false worship of the multitude; so that they may nod in -their niches, or topple down." - -In one of the volumes forming part of that valuable collection published by -the French {11} government,and commenced, I believe, under the auspices of -M. Guizot, namely, the _Documens inedits sur l'Histoire de France_, the -following passage attracted my notice: - - "Il (M. de Brequigny) a prouve par des titres authentiques et inconnus - jusqu'a present, qu'Eustache de St. Pierre, dont on a si fort vante le - devouement pour les habitans de Calais, fut seduit par Edouard, et - qu'il recut de ce prince des pensions et des possessions fort peu de - temps apres la prise de cette place, aux conditions d'y maintenir le - bon ordre, et de la conserver a l'Angleterre."--See _Lettres de Rois, - &c._, vol. i. Preface, p. cix. - -The above statement is founded on a memoir read before the Academie des -Belles-Lettres by M. de Brequigny, respecting the researches made by him in -London (see _Mem. de l'Acad. des Belles-Lettres_, tom. xxxvii.). - -Lingard throws a doubt over the matter. He says: - - "Froissart has dramatised this incident with considerable effect; but, - I fear, with little attention to truth.... Even in Froissart there is - nothing to prove that Edward designed to put these men to death. On the - contrary, he takes notice that the King's refusal of mercy was - accompanied with a wink to his attendants, which, if it meant anything, - must have meant that he was not acting seriously."--_Lingard_, 3rd - edit. 1825, vol. iv. p. 79., note 85. - -Again, in Hume: - - "The story of the six burgesses of Calais, like all extraordinary - stories, is somewhat to be suspected; and so much the more, as - Avesbury, who is particular in his narrative of the surrender of - Calais, says nothing of it, and, on the contrary, extols in general the - King's generosity and lenity to the inhabitants."--_Hume_, 8vo. 1807, - vol. ii., note H. - -Both Hume and Lingard mention that Edward expelled the natives of Calais, -and repeopled the place with Englishmen; but they say nothing as to -Eustache de St. Pierre becoming a pensioner of the King's "aux conditions -d'y maintenir le bon ordre, et de la conserver a l'Angleterre." - -Chateaubriand (_Etudes Hist._, 1831, 8vo., tome iv. p. 104.) gives -Froissart's narrative, by which he abides, at the same time complaining of -the "esprit de denigrement" which he says prevailed towards the end of the -last century in regard to heroic actions. - -Regarding Queen Philippa's share in the transaction above referred to, M. -de Brequigny says: - - "La reine, qu'on suppose avoir ete si touchee du malheur des six - bourgeois dont elle venait de sauver la vie, ne laissa pas d'obtenir, - peu de jours apres, la confiscation des maisons que Jean d'Acre, l'un - d'eux, avait possedees dans Calais." - -Miss Strickland (_Lives of Queens_, 1st edit., vol. ii. p. 336.) likewise -gives the story as related by Froissart, but mentions the fact of Queen -Philippa taking possession of Jean d'Acre's property, and the doubt cast -upon Eustache's loyalty; but she would appear to justify him by reason of -King Philip's abandoning the brave Calaisiens to their fate. However this -may be, documents exist proving that the inhabitants of Calais were -indemnified for their losses: and whether or not the family of Eustache de -St. Pierre approved his conduct, so much is certain, that, on the death of -the latter, the property which had been granted to him by King Edward was -confiscated, because they would not acknowledge their allegiance to the -English. - -I wish to ask whether this new light thrown on the subject, through M. de -Brequigny's labours, has been hitherto noticed, for it would appear the -story should be re-written. - -PHILIP S. KING. - - * * * * * - -DEVIZES, ORIGIN OF: A QUESTION FOR THE HERALDS. - -I will put the following case as briefly as I can. - -Throughout the mediaeval ages, the word _devise_ formed the generic term -for every species of emblazonment. Thus we have "_Devises Heroiques_, per -Claude Paradin, Lyons, 1557;" "_Devises et Emblems d'Amour moralises_, par -Flamen;" "_The Paradise of Dainty Devices_, 1576;" "_Minerva Britannica, or -a Garden of Heroical Devices furnished and adorned with Emblems and -Impressa's of Sundry Natives_, newly devised, moralised, and published by -Henry Peachum, 1612;" and lastly, Henry Estienne's "discourse of -hieroglyphs, symbols, gryphs, emblems, enigmas, sentences, parables, -reverses of medals, arms, blazons, cimiers, cyphers, and rebus," which -learned discourse, be it observed, is entitled _The Art of making Devises_, -1646. As an additional proof that device included the motto, take the -following: - - "Henry III. commanded to be written by way of device in his chamber at - Woodstock, 'Qui non dat quod amat non accipit ille quod optat;'" - -quoted by Sir Eger. Brydges. Here I must stop, though I could add many -illustrations; and go on to observe, that whereas all the explanations -which I have ever met with, of the unique appellation of "Castrum -Divisarum," or the castle of Devises, are totally un-historic, if not -ridiculous, I crave the attention of all whom it may concern to a new -solution of the difficulty. - -First, then, in order to clear the way, I would observe, that if, as -commonly stated, the name had signified a frontier fort, would it not have -been called the castle of the division [singular] rather than the castle of -the divided districts? In other words, why make it a plural term? - -Secondly. If, as I surmise, the Italian word _divisa_ bore at the time of -the Conquest its present meaning of "device," in greater force than the -{12} sense of divisions or partitions, is it unreasonable to suppose that -Castrum Divisarum implied and constituted, at that early period, the -deposit or fountain-head of the blazonry of the Norman leaders? - -It was certainly not unsuited for such a species of heralds' college; being -central, inland, a royal treasury, and the frequent scene of a court. When -in the ensuing age re-edified by Bishop Roger, the monkish historians, -without a dissentient voice, proclaimed it the most splendid castle in the -realm; and though it may be objected that this observation belongs to a -date not to our purpose, yet the pre-existence of the fortress is proved by -its having been the temporary prison of Duke Robert. I am aware that such a -notion as Devizes having formed the nucleus of the tree heraldic in England -is not countenanced, nor even suspected, by any of the popular writers on -the art. I may add, that one gentleman, holding an important position -therein, has signified his disapproval of so early an origin being assigned -to the institution. But over-against this, I beg to parade a passage from a -letter written by Thomas Blore in 1806 to Sir Egerton Brydges: - - "The heralds," says he, "seem originally not to have been instituted - for the manufacturing of armorial ensigns, but for the recording those - ensigns which had been borne."--_Censura Literaria_, vol. iii. p. 254. - -My case is now stated. I shall be well content that some of your -archaeological friends should scatter it to the winds, provided they will -explain how it is that Devizes, in common with some of the ancient cities -of Egypt and Greece, has so long rejoiced in a plural name. To aid this -last endeavour, I close with one more statement. The castle stood nearly -midway between two other adjoining towns or villae, also bearing plural -names: Potternae=arum [Posternae?] and Kaningae=arum. - -J. WAYLEN. - -P.S.--I think I may plead the privilege of a postscript for the purpose of -recording (what may be taken as) an indication, though perhaps not a proof, -that the idea of devices or contrivances was implied in the name so -recently as the period of the civil war. The _Mercurius Civicus_, a -parliamentary paper, 1644, states that Devizes was being garrisoned for the -king, in the following terms: - - "Hopton is fortifying amain at the Devises in Wiltshire, but I fear - greater fortifyings for the Devices in Oxford." - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -_Gold Signet Ring._--I possess an ancient gold signet ring, which was dug -up a few years since not far from an old entrenchment in the borough of -Leominster, in the county of Hereford, the device thereon being a _cock_; -it is of very pure metal, and weighs 155 grains. It is in fine -preservation: and device is rudely cut, but I beg to inclose an impression -from which you may judge. Can any of your antiquarian readers throw any -light on the subject to whom this device originally belonged? - -In levelling the fortified entrenchment above referred to some half century -ago, various utensils of pottery, burnt bones, spear and arrow heads, -tesselated tiles, fragments of sculptured stones, and other relics of -antiquity, were found. - -J. B. WHITBORNE. - -_Ecclesia Anglicana._--I observe, in an interesting letter published in the -December Number of the _Ecclesiologist_, in an enumeration of Service Books -belonging to the English Church before the Reformation, and now existing in -the Pepysian Library, Cambridge, the following title: - - "No. 1198. Servicium de omni Officio Episcopali consernenta (_sic_) - chorum ... secundum usum Ecclesie Anglicane." - -Now I am anxious to know from any of your readers, who are better informed -on these subjects than I am, or who have access to old libraries, whether -_Ecclesia Anglicana_ is a _usual_ designation of the Catholic Church in -England before the Reformation. - -Service Books according to the use of some particular cathedral church are -of course well known, as in this same list to which I have referred we find -"secundum usum insignis ecclesie Eboracensis," "ad insignis ecclesiae -Sarisburiensis usum," &c.: but I should be glad to learn, in these days of -_ultramontane_ pretensions, whether, even prior to the Reformation, the -distinct nationality of the Anglican church was _commonly_ asserted by the -use of such a title in her Service Books. I need scarcely observe how many -interesting cognate questions might be asked on this subject. - -G. R. M. - -_Tangiers.--English Army in 1684._--A merchant in 1709 deposed that he knew -not how long complainant had been a _soldier_, or beyond the seas before -May, 1697, but that he has heretofore seen and knew him at Tomger, before -and at the time of the demolishing thereof, being then a _soldier_; and no -doubt could prove that he was in England a considerable time next before -May, 1697. - -Could the place be other than Tangiers, destroyed in 1684? - -Was complainant (a younger son of a well-connected family of gentry, but -himself probably in poverty), who in deeds, and on his mon. tablet, is -described as gent., likely to have been in 1684 (aged twenty-seven) a -private, a non-commissioned, or commissioned officer? - -If the latter, would he not have been so described? - -A. C. - -{13} - -_Smith._--Of what family was ---- Smith, confessor of Katherine of -Braganza, buried in York Minster? and what are the arms on his tomb? Where -can information be obtained as to a Judge Smith, supposed to have been of -the same family? - -A. F. B. - -Diss. - -_Termination "-itis."_--What is the derivation of the termination "-itis," -used principally in medical words, and these signifying inflammation, as -Pleuritis, _vulgo_ pleurisy, inflammation of the pleura, &c.? - -ADSUM. - -_Loak Hen._--In two or more parishes in Norfolk was a custom, or modus, of -paying a _loak hen_ in lieu of tythes of fowls and eggs. I shall feel -obliged to any of your correspondents who can inform me what constituted a -_loak hen_? - -G. J. - -_Etymological Traces of the Social Position of our Ancestors._--I remember -reading an account of the traces of the social position of our Saxon -ancestors yet remaining in our English customs, which interested me much at -the time, and which I would gladly again refer to, as, Captain Cuttle's -invaluable maxim not being then extant, I neglected "making a note of it." - -It described the Norman derivation of the names of all kinds of _meat_, as -beef, mutton, veal, venison, &c.; while the corresponding _animals_ still -retained their original Saxon appellations, ox, sheep, calf, &c.: and it -accounted for this by the fact, that while the animals were under the care -of the Saxon thralls and herdsmen, they retained of course their Saxon -names; but when served up at the tables of their Norman lords, it became -necessary to name them afresh. - -I think the word _heronsewes_ (cf. Vol. iii., pp. 450. 207.; Vol. iv., p. -76.) is another example, which are called _harnseys_ at this day in -Norfolk; as it is difficult, on any other supposition, to account for an -East-Anglian giving a French appellation to so common a bird as the heron. - -E. S. TAYLOR. - -_Locke's Writings._--In an unpublished manuscript of Paley's _Lectures on -Locke's Essay_, it is stated that so great was the antipathy against the -writings of this eminent philosopher, at the time they were first issued, -that they were "burnt at Oxford by the hands of the common hangman." Is -this fact recorded in any Life of Locke; or how may it be ascertained? -There is no notice of it, I believe, in either Law's _Life_, or in that of -Lord King. - -GEORGE MUNFORD. - -East Winch. - -_Passage in Goethe's "Faust."_--Has the following passage from the second -part of _Faust_ ever been noticed in connexion with the fact that the clock -in Goethe's chamber stopped at the moment that he himself expired? If it -has not, I shall congratulate myself on having been the first to point out -this very curious coincidence - - "_Mephistopheles._ Die Zeit wird Herr, der Gries hier liegt im Sand, - _Die Uhr steht still_---- - _Chorus._ Steht still! Sie schweigt wie Mitternacht - _Der Zeiger faellt._ - _Mephistopheles._ Er faellt, es ist vollbracht." - _Faust_, der Tragoedie Zweiter Theil, Fuenfter Act. - -W. FRASER. - -_Schomberg's Epitaph by Swift._--A correspondent asks whether the epitaph -alluded to in the following extract from the _Daily Courant_ of July 17, -1731, is given in any edition of Swift's _Works_. - - "The Latin Inscription, composed by the Rev. Dr. Swift, Dean of St. - Patrick's, and ordered by the Dean and Chapter to be fixed up in the - Cathedral of the said Church, over the place where the body of the - great Duke of Schomberg lies, has been with all possible care and - elegance engraved on a beautiful table of black Kilkenny marble, about - eight feet long and four or five broad; the letters are gilded, and the - whole is now finished with the utmost neatness. People of all ranks are - continually crowding to see it, and the Inscription is universally - admired." - -The _Daily Gazetteer_ of Saturday, July 12, 1740, gives a detailed account -of the rejoicings in Dublin on the Tuesday preceding, being the anniversary -of the battle of the Boyne, and a particular account of the bonfire made by -Dean Swift in St. Kevin's Street, near the watch-house. - -E. - -_The Burial Service said by Heart._--Bishop Sprat (in his _Discourse to his -Clergy_, 1695, for which see _Clergyman's Instructor_, 1827, p. 245.) -relates that, immediately after the Restoration, a noted ringleader of -schism in the former times was interred in one of the principal churches of -London, and that the minister of the parish, being a wise and regular -conformist, and afterwards an eminent bishop, delivered the whole Office of -Burial by heart on that occasion. The friends of the deceased were greatly -edified at first, but afterwards much surprised and confounded when they -found that their fervent admiration had been bestowed on a portion of the -Common Prayer. Southey (_Common-Place Book_, iii. 492.) conjectures that -the minister was Bull. This cannot be, for Bull, I believe, never held a -London cure. Was it Hackett? And who was the noted ringleader of schism? - -J. K. - -_Shaw's Staffordshire MSS._--Can any of your Staffordshire correspondents -furnish information as to the present depository of the Rev. Stebbing -Shaw's Staffordshire MSS., and the MS. notes of Dr. Thomas Harwood used in -his two editions {14} of Erdeswick's _Staffordshire_? And can they refer to -a pedigree of Thomas Wood, Esq., Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, -1501; who is said to have built Hall O'Wood, in Batterley, near Botley, -Staffordshire. - -N. C. L. - -_"Ne'er to these chambers," &c._-- - - "Ne'er to these chambers where the mighty rest - Since their foundation, came a nobler guest, - Nor to th' immortal entrance e'er convey'd - A loftier spirit, or more welcome shade." - -Where do these lines come from? - -ARAM. - -Swillington. - -_County History Societies._--I would suggest the idea whether County -History Societies might not be formed with advantage, as there are so many -counties which have never had their histories written. They are very -expensive and laborious for individuals to undertake, and constantly -require additions on account of the many changes which are taking place, to -make them complete as works of reference for the present time: I think that -by the means suggested they might be made very useful, particularly if -complete statistical tables were annexed to the general and descriptive -account. With comparatively little expense, the history and statistics of -every county could be brought down to the latest date, making a valuable -work of reference to which all could refer with confidence for the -information which is constantly being sought for. - -G. H. - -_Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter._--Is any pedigree extant of the family of -Hugh Oldham? Baines speaks of him (_Hist. of Lanc._, vol. ii. p. 579.) as -"descended from an ancient family," born, "according to Wood and Godwin, at -Manchester; but, according to Dodsworth, at Oldham." - -What arms did he adopt? - -J. B. - -_The English Domestic Novel._--My first intention was to ask whether Defoe -was the founder of this pleasing class of literature, but have just -recollected, that Mrs. Aphara Behn wrote something of the kind in the time -of Charles II. My first question will be, therefore, who was the earliest -writer of this description? And, secondly, is not the matter of sufficient -interest to ask your readers' assistance in the formation of a list, giving -full titles, authors' names, and dates extending to 1730 or 1750? - -JOHN MILAND. - -_Dr. Young._--In the most authentic biographical accounts we leave of Dr. -Young the poet, it is stated that he left in the hands of his housekeeper a -collection of manuscript sermons, with an injunction that after his death -they should be destroyed; it is also added, that this request was only -complied with _in part_. Can any of your correspondents confirm the hope -that these sermons may still be in existence; and if so, in what quarter -information may be obtained concerning them? The housekeeper is said to -have been the widow of a clergyman, and therefore was not regarded by the -Doctor in the light of a servant. - -J. H. - -Cambridge. - -_Bishop Hall's Meditations._--I have an old copy before me, the title-page -of which runs as follows: - - "Occasionall Meditations by Jos. Exon. Set forth by R. H. The Third - Edition: with the Addition of Forty-nine Meditations not heretofore - published: London, printed by M. F. for Nathaniel Butter, 1633." - -It is edited by Bishop Hall's son (Robert). I should be glad to learn -whether this is a scarce edition. - -BOEOTICUS. - -Edgmond, Salop. - -_Chatterton._--Dr. Gregory, in his _Life of Chatterton_, p. 100. (reprinted -by Southey in the first volume of his edition of Chatterton's _Works_, p. -lxx.), says: "Chatterton, as appears by the coroner's inquest, swallowed -arsenick in water, on the 24th of August, 1770, and died in consequence -thereof the next day." - -Mr. Barrett, the historian of Bristol, one of Chatterton's best friends and -patrons, who, from his profession as a surgeon, was likely to have made, -and seems to have made, inquiries as to the circumstances of his death, -says, in his _History of Bristol_, not published before 1789, and therefore -not misled by any false first report, that Chatterton's principles impelled -him to become his own executioner. He took a large dose of opium, some of -which was picked out from his teeth after his death, and he was found the -next morning a most horrid spectacle: with limbs and features distorted as -after convulsions, a frightful and ghastly corpse" (p. 647.). I do not know -whether this contradiction has ever been noticed, and shall be obliged to -any correspondent who can give me information. I believe that Sir Herbert -Croft's _Love and Madness_ was the authority followed by Dr. Gregory, but I -have not the book. - -N. B. - -_Passage in Job._--The wonderful and sublime book of Job, authenticated by -subsequent Divine records, and about 3400 years old, is very probably the -most ancient writing in the world: and though life and immortality were -especially reserved as the glorious gift and revelation of our Blessed -Redeemer, the eternal Author and Finisher of our salvation, yet Job was -permitted to declare his deep conviction, that he should rise from the dead -and see God. This memorable declaration (chap. xix. ver. 25.) can be -forgotten by none of your readers; but some of them may not know that the -Septuagint adds these words of life to chap. xlii. ver. 17.:"[Greek: -gegraptai de, auton palin anastesesthai meth' hon ho Kurios -anistesin][2]."--(But it is written that {15} he shall rise again with -those whom the Lord raiseth up.) - -Our authorised and truly admirable translation of the Holy Scriptures omits -this deeply important conclusion of Job's life, so properly noticed by the -learned and excellent Parkhurst. - -Pray, can you or any of your readers explain the cause of this omission? As -your pages have not been silent on the grand consummation which cannot be -too constantly before us, I do not apologise for this very short addition -to your Notes. - -EDWIN JONES. - -Southsea, Hants. - -[Footnote 2: This passage was originally printed "[Greek: gegraptai, -seauton] ...". It was corrected by an erratum in next issue--Transcriber.] - -_Turner's View of Lambeth Palace._--In a newspaper memoir of the late Mr. -Turner, R.A., published shortly after his death, it was stated that the -first work exhibited by him at Somerset House was a "View of Lambeth -Palace," I believe in water colours. I should be glad to ascertain, through -your columns, if this picture be still in existence, and in what -collection. - -L. E. X. - -_Clarke's Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning._--Can any of -the readers of "N. & Q." assist me in obtaining a copy of this work? In the -same author's _Rationale of Circulating Numbers_ (Murray, London, 1778) it -is stated that the demonstrations of all the theorems and problems at the -end of the Rev. John Lawson's _Dissertation on the Geometrical Analysis of -the Ancients_ "will be given at the latter end of _An Essay on the -Usefulness of Mathematical Learning_, which will soon be published." In a -subsequent portion of the work, a sketch of the contents of the _Essay_ is -given, which include "a Treatise on Magic Squares, translated from the -French of Frenicle, as published in _Les Ouvrages de Mathematique par -Messieurs de l'Academie Royale des Sciences_, with several Additions and -Remarks." And in a list of "Tracts and Translations _written and published_ -by H. Clarke, LL.D.," which occurs at the end of my copy of the first -volume of Leybourn's _Mathematical Repository_ (London, 1805), the _Essay_ -appears as No. 10, and is stated to have been published in 8vo. at six -shillings. None of my friends are acquainted with the work; but if the -preceding description will enable any reader to help me to a copy, I shall -esteem it a great favour. - -T. T. WILKINSON. - -Burnley, Lancashire. - -"_The General Pardon._"--An imperfect copy of a small tract (measuring five -and a half inches by three and a half inches) has recently come into my -hands, of which I much desire to obtain the wanting parts. It is entitled: - - "The general Pardon, geuen longe agone, and sythe newly confyrmed, by - our Almightie Father, with many large Priuileges, Grauntes, and Bulles - graunted for euer, as is to be seen hereafter: Drawne out of Frenche - into English. By Wyllyam Hayward. Imprinted at London, by Wyllyam How, - for Wyllyam Pickeringe." - -There is no date, but it is believed to have been printed in or about 1571. -It is in black letter, and is an imitation of the Roman Catholic pardons. -It consists of twelve leaves. In my copy the last seven of these are torn -through their middle vertically. - -I have not been able to meet with this tract in the catalogues of any of -the great libraries which I have consulted; _e.g._ The British Museum, -Bodleian, Cambridge University, Lambeth, and several of the college -libraries at Cambridge. - -I want any information concerning it, or its original in French, which the -readers of "N. & Q." can give: also access to a copy from which to -transcribe the parts wanting in mine. - -CHARLES C. BABINGTON. - -St. John's Coll. Cambridge. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries with Answers. - -_Edward the Confessor's Rings._--There is an old legend of a ring given to -one of our early kings, I think Edward the Confessor, by some saintly or -angelic messenger. If any of your readers could give me any of the details -of this story, it would very much oblige your constant reader - -M. J. T. - - [The following extract from Taylor's _Glory of Regality_, pp. 74. _et - seq._, will give our Correspondent the legend referred to. - - "The ring with which our kings are invested, called by some writers - 'the wedding ring of England,' is illustrated, like the Ampulla, by a - miraculous history, of which the following are the leading particulars: - from the 'Golden Legende' (_Julyan Notary_, 1503), p. 187.:--'Edward - the Confessor being one day askt for alms by a certain 'fayre olde - man,' the king found nothing to give him except his ring, with which - the poor man thankfully departed. Some time after, two English pilgrims - in the Holy Land having lost their road, as they travelled at the close - of the day, 'there came to them a fayre auncyent man wyth whyte heer - for age.' Then the old man axed them what they were and of what regyon. - And they answerde that they were Pylgryms of Englond, and hadde lost - their felyshyp and way also. Then this old man comforted theym goodly, - and brought theym into a fayre cytee; and whan they had well refresshyd - them, and rested theym alle nyght; on the morne, this fayre olde man - wente with theym and brought theym in the ryght waye agayne. And he was - gladde to hear theym talke of the welfare and holynesse of theyr Kynge - Saynt Edward. And whan he shold departe fro theym thenne he told theym - what he was, and sayd I am Johan Theuangelyst, and saye ye unto Edward - your king, that I grete hym well by the token that he gaaf to me thys - rynge with his one hondes, whych rynge ye shalle {16} delyuer to hym - agayne: and whan he had delyuerde to theym the ringe, he departed from - theym sodenly.' - - "This command, as may be supposed, was punctually obeyed by the - messengers, who were furnisht with ample powers for authenticating - their mission. The ring was received by the Royal Confessor, and in - after times was preserved with due care at his shrine in the Abbey of - Westminster."] - -_The Bourbons._--What was the origin of the Bourbon family? How did Henry -IV. come to be the next heir to the throne on the extinction of the line of -Valois? - -E. H. A. - - [Henri IV., King of Navarre, succeeded to the throne on the extinction - of the house of Valois, as the head of the house of Bourbon, which - descends from Robert of France, Count de Clermont, the fifth son of St. - Louis, and Seigneur de Bourbon. On the death of Louis I. in 1341, - leaving two sons, this house was divided into the Bourbon, or elder - branch (which became extinct on the death of the Constable of Bourbon, - in 1527), and the younger branch, or that of the Counts de la Marche, - afterwards Counts and Dukes of Vendome. Henri was the son of Antoine de - Bourbon, Duc de Vendome.] - - * * * * * - - -Replies. - -EMBLEMS. - -(Vol. vi., p. 460.) - -The Query confirms Professor De Morgan's excellent article in _The -Companion to the Almanack for 1853_, "On the Difficulty of correct -Description of Books." The manuscript note cited by H. J., though curiously -inaccurate, guided me to the book for which he inquires. I copy the -title-page: "_Die Betruebte Pegnesis, den Leben, Kunst, und Tugend-Wandel -des Seelig-Edeln Floridans, H. Sigm. von Birken, Com. Pal. Caes. durch 24 -Sinnbilder in Kupfern, zur schuldigen nach-Ehre fuerstellend, und mit -Gesprach und Reim-Gedichten erklaerend, durch ihre Blumen-Hirten._ -Nuernberg, 1684, 12mo." I presume the annotator, not understanding German, -and seeing "Floridans" the most conspicuous word on the title-page, cited -him as the author; but it is the pastoral academic name of the late Herr -Sigmond von Birken, in whose honour the work is composed. The emblem, with -the motto "Bis fracta relinquor," at p. 249. (not 240.), is a tree from -which two boughs are broken. It illustrates the death of Floridan's second -wife, and his determination not to take a third. The chess-board, plate -xiv. p. 202., has the motto, "Per tot discrimina rerum," and commemorates -Floridan's safe return to Nuremberg after the multitudinous perils ("die -Schaaren der Gefahren") of a journey through Lower Saxony. They must have -been great, if typified by the state of the board, on which only a black -king and a white bishop are left--a chess problem! - -I bought my copy at a book-sale many years ago, and, after reading a few -pages, laid it aside as insufferably dull, although it was marked by its -former possessor, the Rev. Henry White, of Lichfield, "Very rare, probably -unique." On taking it up to answer H. J.'s Query, I found some matter -relating to the German academies of the seventeenth century, which I think -may be interesting. - -Mr. Hallam (_Literature of Europe_, IV. v. 9.) says: - - "The Arcadians determined to assume every one a pastoral name and a - Greek birthplace; to hold their meetings in some verdant meadow, and to - mingle with all their own compositions, as far as possible, images from - pastoral life; images always agreeable, because they recall the times - of primitive innocence. The poetical tribe adopted as their device the - pipe of seven reeds bound with laurel, and their president, or - director, was denominated General Shepherd or Keeper--_Custode - Generale_." - -He slightly mentions the German academics of the sixteenth century (III. -ix. 30.), and says: - - "It is probable that religious animosities stood in the way of such - institutions, _or they may have flourished without obtaining much - celebrity_." - -The academy of Pegnitz-shepherds ("Pegnitzshaefer-orden") took its name -from the little river Pegnitz which runs through Nuremberg. Herr Sigmond -von Birken was elected a member in 1645. He chose _Floridan_ as his -pastoral name, and the amaranth as his flower. In 1658 he was admitted to -the Palm Academy ("Palmen-orden"), choosing the name _Der Erwacsene_ (the -adult?), and the snowdrop. In 1659, a vacancy having occurred in the -Pegnitz-Herdsmen ("Pegnitz-Hirten") he was thought worthy to fill it, and -in 1679 he received the diploma of the Venetian order of the Recuperati. He -died in 1681. This, and what can be hung upon it, is _Die Betruebte -Pegnitz_, a dialogue of 406 pages. It opens with a meeting of shepherds and -shepherdesses, who go in and out of their cottages on the banks of the -Pegnitz, and tell one another, what all seem equally well acquainted with, -the entire life of their deceased friend. It would not be easy to find a -work more clumsy in conception and tasteless in execution. Herr von Birken -seems to have been a prosperous man, and to have enjoyed a high pastoral -reputation. His works are enumerated, but the catalogue looks ephemeral. -There is, however, one with a promising title: _Die Trockene Trunkenheit, -oder die Gebrauch und Missbrauch des Tabacks_. His portrait, as "Der -Erwachsene," is prefixed. It has not a shepherd-like look. He seems about -fifty, with a fat face, laced cravat, and large flowing wig. There are -twenty-four emblematical plates, rather below the average of their time. - -As so secondary a town as Nuremberg had at least three academies, we may -infer that such {17} institutions were abundant in Germany, in the -seventeenth century: that of the Pegnitz shepherds lasted at least till the -beginning of the eighteenth. In _Der Thoerichte Pritschmeister_, a comedy -printed at Coblenz, 1704, one of the characters is "Phantasirende, ein -Pegnitz Schaeffer," who talks fustian and is made ridiculous throughout. -The comedy is "von Menantes." I have another work by the same author: -_Galante, Verliebte, und Satyrische Gedichte_, Hamburg, 1704. I shall be -very glad to be told who he was, as his versification is often very good, -and his jokes, though not graceful, and not very laughable, are real. - -H. B. C. - -U. U. Club. - - * * * * * - -MARRIAGES EN CHEMISE.--MANTELKINDER.--LEGITIMATION. - -(Vol. vi., pp. 485. 561.) - -The popular error on the legal effect of marriage _en chemise_ is, I think, -noticed among other vulgar errors in law in a little book published some -twenty years ago under the name of _Westminster Hall_, to which a deceased -lawyer of eminence, then young at the bar, was a contributor. I believe the -opinion to be still extensively prevalent, and to be probably founded, not -exactly in total ignorance, but in a misconception, of the law. The text -writers inform us that "the husband is liable for the wife's debts, -_because_ he acquires an absolute interest in the personal estate of the -wife," &c. (Bacon's _Abridgment_, tit. "Baron and Feme.") Now an unlearned -person, who hears this doctrine, might reasonably conclude, that if his -bride has no estate at all, he will incur no liability; and the future -husband, more prudent than refined, might think it as well to notify to his -neighbours, by an unequivocal symbol, that he took no pecuniary benefit -with his wife, and therefore expected to be free from her pecuniary -burdens. In this, as in most other popular errors, there is found a -_substratum_ of reason. - -With regard to the other vulgar error, noticed at the foot of MR. BROOKS' -communication (p. 561.), that "all children under the girdle at the time of -marriage are legitimate," the origin of it is more obvious. Every one knows -of the "legitimatio per subsequens matrimonium" of the canonists, and how -the barons assembled in parliament at Merton refused to engraft this law of -the Church on the jurisprudence of England. But it is not perhaps so well -known that, upon such a marriage the premature offspring of the bride and -bridegroom sometimes used to perform a part in the ceremony, and received -the nuptial benediction under the veil or mantle of the bride or the -pallium of the altar. Hence the children so legitimated are said to have -been called by the Germans _Mantelkinder_. The learning on this head is to -be found in Hommel's _Jurisprudentia Numismatibus Illustrata_ (Lipsiae, -1763), pp. 214-218., where the reader will also find a pictorial -illustration of the ceremony from a codex of the _Novellae_ in the library -of Christian Schwarz. The practice seems to have been borrowed from the -form of adopting children, noticed in the same work and in Ducange, verb. -"Pallium, _Pallio cooperire_;" and in Grimm's _Deut. Rechts Alterth._, p. -465. - -Let me add a word on the famous negative given to the demand of the clergy -at Merton. No reason was assigned, or, at least, has been recorded, but a -general unwillingness to change the laws of England. As the same barons did -in fact consent to change them in other particulars, this can hardly have -been the reason. Sir W. Blackstone speaks of the consequent uncertainty of -heirship and discouragement of matrimony as among the causes of -rejection,--arguments of very questionable weight. Others (as Bishop Hurd, -in his _Dialogues_) have attributed the rejection to the constitutional -repugnance of the barons to the general principles of the canon and -imperial law, which the proposed change might have tended to introduce,--a -degree of forethought and a range of political vision for which I can -hardly give them credit, especially as the great legal authority of that -day, Bracton, has borrowed the best part of his celebrated Treatise from -the Corpus Juris. The most plausible motive which I have yet heard assigned -for this famous parliamentary negative on the bishops' bill at Merton, is -suggested (quod minime reris!) in an Assistant Poor-Law Commissioner's -Report (vol. vi. of the 8vo. printed series), viz. that bastardy multiplied -the escheats which accrued to medieval lords of manors. - -E. SMIRKE. - -A venerable person whose mind is richly stored with "shreds and patches" of -folk-lore and local antiquities, on seeing the "curious marriage entry" (p. -485.), has furnished me with the following explanation. - -It is the popular belief at Kirton in Lindsey that if a woman, who has -contracted debts previous to her marriage, leave her residence in a state -of nudity, and go to that of her future husband, he the husband will not be -liable for any such debts. - -A case of this kind actually occurred in that highly civilised town within -my informant's memory; the woman leaving her house from a bedroom window, -and putting on some clothes as she stood on the top of the ladder by which -she accomplished her descent. - -K. P. D. E. - -In that amusing work, Burn's _History of the Fleet Marriages_, p. 77., -occurs the following entry:--"The woman ran across Ludgate Hill in her -shift;" to which the editor has added this note:--"The _Daily Journal_ of -8th November, 1725, mentions a similar exhibition at Ulcomb in {18} Kent. -It was a vulgar error that a man was not liable to the bride's debts, if he -took her in no other apparel than her shift." - -J. Y. - -Saffron Walden. - - * * * * * - -EDITIONS OF THE PRAYER-BOOK PRIOR TO 1662. - -(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.) - -As MR. SPARROW SIMPSON invites additions to his list from all quarters, I -send him my contribution: and as I see that he has included _translations_ -of our Liturgy into other languages, I do the same: - - 1552. Worcester. Jo. Oswen. Folio. - 1560. London. Jugge and Cawood. 4to. - 1565. London. Jugge and Cawood. 8vo. - 1607. London. Folio. - 1629. London. Folio. - 1629. Cambridge. Folio. - 1632. London. 4to. - 1633. London. 4to. - 1634. London. Folio. - 1635. London. 4to. - 1638. Cambridge. 4to. - 1639. London. Folio. - 1641. London. 4to. - 1660. Cambridge. Folio. - 1644. The Scotch, by Laud and the Scotch bishops. Printed by John Jones. - 8vo. - 1551. Latine versa, per Alex. Absium. Lipsiae. 4to. - 1594. " " London. 8vo. - S. A. " by Reginald Wolfe. London. 4to. - 1638. In Greek. London. 8vo. - 1616. In French. London. 4to. - 1608. In Irish. Dublin. Folio. - 1612. In Spanish. London. 4to. - 1621. In Welsh. London. 4to. - -All the foregoing editions are in the Bodleian Library. I may add to them -the following three: - - 1.--1551. Dublin, by Humfrey Powell. Folio - 2.--1617(?). Dublin. Company of Stationers. 4to - 3.--1637. Dublin. - -The _first_ of these, which is the first book printed in Ireland, is -extremely rare. I believe only two copies are certainly known to exist; one -of which is in the library of Trinity College, Dublin; and the other in -that of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. Both are in very fine condition. - -The _second_ is in my possession. The book is quite perfect; but some -wiseacre has carefully erased the date. The _Almanac for xxvi Yeares_ tells -nothing, being for the years 1603 to 1628. But the book contains a prayer -for "Frederick, the Prince Elector Palatine, and the Lady Elizabeth, his -wife, with their hopeful issue." He married the princess in 1613; and in -1619 he was elected King of Bohemia, and thenceforward would be prayed for -under his higher title. If the Sunday letter in the calendar is to be -trusted, the book was printed (according to De Morgan's _Book of Almanacs_) -in 1617. The Dublin Society of Stationers was established in that year; and -it is not unlikely that they commenced their issues with a Prayer-Book. I -have never seen nor heard of another copy, with which I might compare mine, -and thus ascertain its date. - -The _third_, of 1637, is reported; but I have never met with it. - -H. COTTON. - -Thurles. - - * * * * * - -ETYMOLOGY OF PEARL. - -(Vol. vi., p. 578.) - -The inquiry of your correspondent IFIGFOWL respecting the etymology of the -word _pearl_ does not admit of a simple answer. The word occurs in all the -modern languages, both Romance and Teutonic: _perla_, Ital. and Span.; -_perle_, French and German, whence the English _pearl_. Adelung in v. -believes the word to be of Teutonic origin, and considers it as the -diminutive of _beere_, a berry. Others derive it from _perna_, the Latin -name of a shell-fish (see Ducange in _perlae_; Diez, _Grammatik der -Romanischen Sprachen_, vol. i. p. 235.). Neither of these derivations is -probable: it is not shown that _beere_ had a diminutive form, and _perna_ -was a local and obscure name: see Pliny, _N. H._ xxxii. ad fin. Salmasius -(_Exercit. Plin._, p. 40. ed. 1689) thinks that _perla_ is formed from -_perula_, for _sperula_, the diminutive of _sphaera_. A more probable -origin is that the word is formed from the Latin _pirum_, as suggested by -Diez, in allusion to the pear-shaped form of the pearl. Ducange in v. says -that the extremity of the nose was called _pirula nasi_, from its -resemblance to the form of a pear. But _pirus_ was used to denote a -boundary-stone, made in a pyramidal shape (Ducange in v.); and this seems -to have been the origin of the singular expression _pirula nasi_, as being -something at the extremity. Another supposition is, that the word _perla_ -is derived from the Latin _perula_, the diminutive of _pera_, a wallet. A -wallet was a small bag hung round the neck; and the word _perula_, in the -sense of a small bag, occurs in Seneca and Apuleius. The analogy of shape -and mode of wearing is sufficiently close to suggest the transfer of the -name. _Perula_ and _perulus_ are used in Low Latin in the sense of _pearl_. -Ducange cites a passage from a hagiographer, where _perula_ means the white -of the eye, evidently alluding to the colour of the pearl. - -The choice seems to lie between _perula_ as the diminutive of _pera_ or of -_pirum_. Neither derivation is improbable. It is to be observed that the -modern Italian form of _pirum_, the fruit of the pear, is _pera_; the -modern feminine noun being, as in numerous other cases, formed from the -plural of the Latin neuter noun (see Diez, ib. vol. ii. p. 19.). The -analogy of _unio_ (to which I shall {19} advert presently) supports the -derivation from the fruit; the derivation from _pera_, a wallet, is, on -merely linguistical grounds, preferable. - -The Greek name of _pearl_ is [Greek: margarites], originally applied to a -precious stone, and apparently moulded out of some oriental name, into a -form suited to the Greek pronunciation. Scott and Liddell in v. derive it -from the Persian _murwari_. Pliny, _H. N._ ix. 56., speaking of the pearl, -says: "Apud Graecos non est, ne apud barbaros quidem inventores ejus, aliud -quam margaritae." The Greek name _Margarita_ was used by the Romans, but -the proper Latin name for the pearl was _unio_. Pliny (ibid.) explains this -word by saying that each pearl is _unique_, and unlike every other pearl. -Ammianus Marcellinus (lib. xxiii. ad fin.) thinks that pearls were called -_uniones_, because the best were found single in the shell; Solinus (c. -53.) because they were always found single. The more homely explanation of -Salmasius seems, however, to be the true one; namely, that the common word -for an onion, growing in a single bulb, was transferred to the pearl -(_Exercit. Plin._, pp. 822-4.; Columella _de R. R._ xii. 10.). The ancient -meaning of _unio_ is still preserved in the French _ognon_. - -L. - -Your correspondent asks the "etymon of our English word _pearl_." It would -not be uninteresting to learn, at the same time, at what period _pearl_ -came into general use as an English word? Burton, who wrote his _Anatomy_ -in the reign of James I., uses the word _union_ (from the Latin _unio_) -instead of _pearl_ (_Anat. Melanc._, vol. ii. part 2. sec. 3. mem. 3., and -ib., p. 2. sec. 4. mem. 1. subs. 4.). In the latter passage he says "Those -smaller unions which are found in shells, amongst the Persians and Indians, -are very cordial, and most part avail to the exhilaration of the heart." - -The Latin term _unio_ differs from "margarita," in so far as it seems to -have been applied by Pliny to distinguish the small and ill-shaped pearls, -from the large round and perfect, which he calls "margaritae." And in his -ninth book, c. 59., he defines the difference philologically, as well as -philosophically. Philemon Holland, who published his translation of Pliny -in 1634, about thirteen years after Burton published the first edition of -his _Anatomy_, uses the word _pearl_ indifferently as the equivalent both -of _margarita_ and _unio_. - -Query: Was the word _union_ generally received in England instead of -_pearl_ in Burton's time, and when did it give place to it? - -J. EMERSON TENNANT. - - * * * * * - -"MARTIN DRUNK." - -(Vol. v., p. 587.) - -Has not the following song something to do with the expression "Martin -drunk"? It is certainly cotemporary with Thomas Nash the Elizabethan -satirist, and was long a favourite "three man's" song. It is copied from -_Deuteromelia, or the Second Part of Musick's Melodie_, 4to., 1609: - - "MARTIN SAID TO HIS MAN. - - "Martin said to his man, - Fie! man, fie! - O Martin said to his man, - Who's the foole now? - Martin said to his man, - Fill thou the cup, and I the can; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now? - - "I see a sheepe shering corne, - Fie! man, fie! - I see a sheepe shering corne, - Who's the foole now? - I see a sheepe shering corne, - And a cuckold blow his horne; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now? - - "I see a man in the moone, - Fie! man, fie! - I see a man in the moone; - Who's the foole now? - I see a man in the moone, - Clowting of St. Peter's shoone; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now? - - "I see a hare chase a hound, - Fie! man, fie! - I see a hare chase a hound, - Who's the foole now? - I see a hare chase a hound, - Twenty mile above the ground; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now? - - "I see a goose ring a hog, - Fie! man, fie! - I see a goose ring a hog, - Who's the foole now? - I see a goose ring a hog, - And a snayle that did bite a dog; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now? - - "I see a mouse catch the cat, - Fie! man, fie! - I see a mouse catch the cat, - Who's the foole now? - I see a mouse catch the cat, - And the cheese to eate the rat; - Thou hast well drunken, man, - Who's the foole now?" - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - - * * * * * - -GOETHE'S REPLY TO NICOLAI. - -(Vol. vi., p. 434.). - -Had M. M. E. gone to the fountain-head, and consulted Goethe's own -statement in his autobiography, he would have seen in the _Werke_, vol. -xxvi. {20} p. 229., that Mr. Hayward's note was not written with that -writer's usual care. Goethe does not say that his reply to Nicolai's _Joys -of Werter_, though circulated only in MS., destroyed N.'s literary -reputation: on the contrary, he says that his squib (for it was no more) -consisted of an epigram, not fit for communication, and a dialogue between -Charlotte and Werter, which was never copied, and long lost; but that this -dialogue, exposing N.'s impertinence, was written with a foreboding of his -sad habit, afterwards developed, of treating of subjects out of his depth, -which habit, notwithstanding his indisputable merits of another kind, -utterly destroyed his reputation. This was most true: and yet all such -assertions must be taken in a qualified sense. Nearly thirty years after -this was written I partook of the hospitality of N. at Berlin. It was in -1803, when he was at the head, not of the Berlin literati, but of the -book-manufactory of Prussia. He was then what, afterwards and elsewhere, -the Longmans, Murrays, Constables, Cottas, and Brockhauses were,--the great -publisher of his age and country. The _entrepreneur_ of the _Neue Deutsche -Bibliothek_ may be compared with the publishers of our and the French great -Cyclopaedias, and our Quarterly Reviews. - -It was unfortunate for the posthumous reputation of the great bibliopolist -that he, patronising a school that was dying out, made war on the athletes -of the rising school. He assailed nearly every great man, philosopher or -poet, from Kant and Goethe downwards, especially of the schools of Saxony, -Swabia, and the free imperial cities. No wonder that he became afterwards -what Macfleckno and Colly Cibber had been to Dryden and Pope. In some dozen -of the _Xenien_ of Goethe and Schiller, in 1797, he was treated as the -Arch-Philistine. - -M. M. E. characterises him as the "friend" and "fellow-labourer" of -Lessing. Now Lessing was incomparably the most eminent _litterateur_ of the -earlier part of that age,--the man who was the forerunner of the -philosophers, and whose criticisms supplied the place of poetry. The -satirists of the _Xenien_ affect to compassionate Lessing, in having to -endure a companion so forced on him as Nicolai was, whom they speak of as a -"thorn in the crown of the martyr." The few who care for the literary -controversies of the age of Goethe in Germany will be greatly assisted by -an edition of the _Xenien_, with notes, published at Dantzig, 1833. - -H. C. R. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. - -_Processes upon Paper._--The favourable manner in which the account I have -given of the Collodion process has been received, not only by your readers -in general, as has been evinced by many private letters, but also by the -numerous correspondents it has drawn forth, induces me, after some little -delay, to request space for a description of the following processes upon -paper. In giving these I wish it to be understood that I may offer but -little that is original, my object being to describe, as plainly as I -possibly can, these easy methods, and to make no observation but what I -have found to be successful in my own hands. I have had the good fortune to -obtain the friendship of some of the most successful photographers of the -day; and taking three very eminent ones, I find they have each some -peculiarities in his mode of manipulation, varying with each other in the -strength of the solutions employed, and producing results the most -agreeable to their respective tastes. Reviewing these different processes -in my own mind, and trying with patience the various results, I conclude -that the following quantities are calculated to produce an adequate degree -of sensibility in the paper, and yet to allow it to be prepared for the -action of light for many hours previous to its use, and yet with more -certainty than any other I am acquainted with. I think I may always depend -upon it for twenty-four to thirty-six hours after excitement, and I have -seen good pictures produced upon the third day. I believe it is a rule -which admits of no contradiction, that the more you dilute your solution, -the longer the excited paper will keep; but in proportion to its diminished -sensibility, the time of exposure must be prolonged, and therefore I am, -from this waste of time and other reasons, disposed to place much less -value upon the wax-paper process than many do. - -The process I am about to describe is so simple, and I hope to make it so -intelligible to your non-photographic readers, that a perfect novice, using -ordinary care, must meet with success; but should I fail doing so upon all -points, any information sought through the medium of "N. & Q." shall meet -with explanation from myself, if not from other of your experienced -correspondents, whose indulgence I must beg should the communication be -deemed too elementary, it being my earnest desire to point out to -archaeologists who are desirous of acquiring this knowledge, how easily -they themselves may practise this beautiful art, and possess those objects -they would desire to preserve, in a far more truthful state than could be -otherwise accomplished. - -I have not myself met that uniform success with any other paper that I have -with Turner's photographic of Chafford Mills: a sheet of this divided into -two portions forms at the same time a useful and also a very easily-managed -size, one adapted for most cameras, forming a picture of nine inches by -seven, which is adequate for nearly every purpose. Each sheet being marked -in its opposite corners with a plain pencil-mark on its smooth side (vide -_ante_, p. 372.), the surface for {21} all future operations is in all -lights easily discerned. In my instructions for printing from collodion -negatives, a form of iodized paper was given, which, although very good, is -not, I think, equal to the following, which is more easily and quickly -prepared, exhibits a saving of the iodide of potassium, and is upon the -whole a neater mode. - -Take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of iodide of -potassium; dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled water; mix -together and stir with a glass rod. The precipitate settling, the fluid is -to be poured away; then add distilled water to the precipitate up to four -ounces, and add to it 650 grains of iodide of potassium, which _should_ -re-dissolve the precipitated iodide of silver, and form a perfectly clear -solution; but if not, a little more must be carefully added, for this salt -varies much, and I have found it to require 720 grains to accomplish the -desired object. - -The fluid being put into a porcelain or glass dish, the paper should be -laid down upon its surface and immediately removed, and being laid upon a -piece of blotting-paper with the wet surface uppermost, a glass rod then -passed over it to and fro ensures the _total expulsion_ of all particles of -air, which will frequently remain when the mere dipping is resorted to. -When dry, this paper should be soaked in common water for three hours, -changing the water twice or thrice, so as to remove all the soluble salts. -It should then be pinned up to dry, and, when so, kept in a folio for use. -I have in this manner prepared from sixty to eighty sheets in an evening -with the greatest ease. It keeps good for an indefinite time, and, as all -experienced photographers are aware, unless you possess good iodized paper, -which should be of a _primrose_ colour, you cannot meet with success in -your after-operations. Iodized paper becomes sometimes of a bright -brimstone colour when first made; it is then very apt to brown in its use, -but tones down and improves by a little keeping. - -To excite this paper, dissolve thirty grains of nitrate of silver in one -ounce of distilled water, and add a drachm and a half of glacial acetic -acid; of this solution take one drachm, and one drachm of saturated -solution of gallic acid[3], and add to it two ounces and a half of -distilled water. The iodized surface of the paper may then be either -floated on the surface of the aceto-nitrate of silver or exciting fluid, -and afterwards a rod passed over, as was formerly done in the iodizing, or -the aceto-nitrate may be applied evenly with a brush; but in either -instance the surface should be immediately blotted off; and the same -blotting-paper never used a second time for this, although it may be kept -to develop on and for other purposes. It will be scarcely needful to -observe that this process of exciting must be performed by the light of a -candle or feeble yellow light, as must the subsequent development. The -excited paper may be now placed for use between sheets of blotting-paper; -it seems to act equally well either when damp or when kept for many hours, -and I have found it good for more than a week. - -The time for exposure must entirely depend upon the degree of light. In two -minutes and a half a good picture may be produced; but if left exposed for -twenty minutes or more, little harm will arise; the paper does not -solarize, but upon the degree of image visible upon the paper depends the -means of developing. When long exposed, a saturated solution of gallic acid -only applied to the exposed surfaces will be sufficient; but if there is -little appearance of an image, then a free undiluted solution of -aceto-nitrate may be used, in conjunction with the gallic acid, the former -never being in proportion more than one-third. If that quantity is -exceeded, either a brownish or an unpleasant reddish tint is often -obtained. These negatives should be fixed by immersing them in a solution -of hyposulphite of soda, which may be of the strength of one ounce of salt -to eight ounces of water--the sufficiency of immersion being known by the -disappearance of the yellow colour, and when they have been once immersed -they may be taken to the daylight to ascertain this. The hyposulphite must -now be perfectly removed by soaking in water, which may extend to several -hours; but this may be always ascertained by the tongue, for, if tasteless, -it has been accomplished. If it is deemed advisable--which I think is only -required in very dark over-done pictures--to wax the negative, it is easily -managed by holding a piece of white wax or candle in front of a clean iron -rather hot, and passing it frequently over the surface. The superabundant -wax being again removed by passing it between some clean pieces of -blotting-paper. Although the minuter details can never be acquired by this -mode which are obtained by the collodion process, it has the advantage of -extreme simplicity, and by the operator providing himself with a bag or -square of yellow calico, which he can loosely peg down to the ground when -no other shade is near, to contain spare prepared papers, he can at any -future time obtain a sufficient number of views, which afterwards he can -develop at his leisure. - -It requires no liquids to be carried about with you, nor is that nice -manipulation required which attends the collodion process. - -The wax-paper process has been extolled by many, and very successful -results have been obtained: the paper has the undoubted advantage of -keeping after being excited much longer than any other; but, from my own -experience, just so much the weaker it is made, and so as to safely rely -upon its long remaining useful, so it is proportionally slower in its -action. And I have rarely seen from {22} wax negatives positives so -satisfactory in depth of tone, as from those which have been waxed after -being taken on ordinary paper. It is all very well for gentlemen to -advocate a sort of photographic tour, upon which you are to go on taking -views day after day, and when you return home at leisure to develop your -past proceedings: I never yet knew one so lukewarm in this pursuit as not -to desire to know, at his _earliest possible_ opportunity, the result of -his labours; indeed, were not this the case, I fear disappointment would -more often result than at present, for I scarcely think any one can exactly -decide upon the power of the light of any given day, without having made -some little trial to guide him. I have myself, especially with collodion, -found the action very rapid upon some _apparently_ dull day; whilst, from -an unexplained cause, a comparatively brighter day has been less active in -its photographic results. As in the previous process, I would strongly -advise Turner's paper to be used, and not the thin French papers generally -adopted, because I find all the high lights so much better preserved in the -English paper. It may be purchased ready waxed nearly as cheap as it may be -done by one's self; but as many operators like to possess that which is -entirely their own production, the following mode will be found a ready way -of waxing:--Procure a piece of thick smooth slate, a trifle larger than the -paper to be used; waste pieces of this description are always occurring at -the slate works, and are of a trifling value. This should be made very hot -by laying it close before a fire; then, covered with one layer of thick -blotting-paper, it will form a most admirable surface upon which to use the -iron. Taking a piece of wax in the left hand, an iron well heated being -pressed against it, it may rapidly be made to flow over the whole surface -with much evenness, the surplus wax being afterwards removed by ironing -between blotting-paper. When good, it should be colourless, free from -gloss, and having the beautiful semi-transparent appearance of the Chinese -rice-paper. To iodize the paper completely, immerse it in the following -solution: - - Iodide of potash 200 grains. - Mannite 6 drachms. - Cyanide of potash 5 grains. - Distilled water 20 ounces. - -Allow it to remain three hours, taking care that air-particles are -perfectly excluded, and once during the time turning over each sheet of -paper, as many being inserted as the fluid will conveniently cover, as it -is not injured by after keeping. It should be then removed from the iodide -bath, pinned up, and dried, ready for use. When required to be excited, the -paper should, by the light of a candle, be immersed in the following -solution, where it should remain for five minutes: - - Nitrate of silver 4 drachms. - Glacial acetic acid 4 drachms. - Distilled water 8 ounces. - -Being removed from the aceto-nitrate bath, immerse it into a pan of -distilled water, where let it remain about a quarter of an hour. In order -to make this paper keep a week or two, it must be immersed in a second -water, which in point of fact is a mere reduction of the strength of the -solutions already used; but for ordinary purposes, and when the paper is to -be used within three or four days, one immersion is quite sufficient, -especially as it does not reduce its sensitiveness in a needless way. It -may now be preserved between blotting-paper, free from light, for future -use. The time of exposure requisite for this paper will exceed that of the -ordinary unwaxed, given in the previous directions. The picture may be -developed by a complete immersion also in a saturated solution of gallic -acid; but should it not have been exposed a sufficient time in the camera, -a few drops of the aceto-nitrate solution added to the gallic acid greatly -accelerates it. An excess of aceto-nitrate often produces an unpleasant red -tint, which is to be avoided. Instead of complete immersion, the paper may -be laid upon some waste blotting-paper, and the surface only wetted by -means of the glass rod or brush. The picture may now be fixed by the use of -the hyposulphite of soda, as in the preceding process. - -It is not actually necessary that this should be a wax-paper process, -because ordinary paper treated in this way acts very beautifully, although -it does not allow of so long keeping for use after excitement; yet it has -then the advantage, that a negative may either be waxed or not, as shall be -deemed advisable by its apparent depth of action. - -HUGH W. DIAMOND. - -[Footnote 3: the gallic acid was omitted in Issue 166, but inserted by an -erratum in Issue 168. Also "a saturated solution of gallic acid" was -printed as "a solvent solution ...", "hyposulphate" appeared for -"hyposulphite" throughout, and "solari_s_e" for "solari_z_e"--Transcriber.] - -_Exhibition of recent Specimens of Photography at the Society of -Arts._--This exhibition, to which all interested in the art have been -invited to contribute, was inaugurated by a conversazione at the Society's -rooms, on the evening of Wednesday, the 22nd of December: the public have -since been admitted at a charge of sixpence each, and it will continue open -until the 8th of January. - -We strongly recommend all our friends to pay a visit to this most -delightful collection. By our visit at the crowded conversazione, and -another hasty view since, we do not feel justified to enter into a review -and criticism of the specimens so fully as the subject requires; but in the -mean time we can assure our archaeological readers that they will find -there such interesting records of architectural detail, together with views -of antiquities from Egypt and Nubia, as will perfectly convince them of the -value of this art with reference to their own immediate pursuits. Those who -feel less delight in mere antiquity will be gratified {23} to see, for the -first time, that there are here shown photographs which aim at more than -the bare copying of any particular spot; for many of the pictures here -exhibited may rank as fine works of art. We feel much delicacy and -hesitation in mentioning any particular artist, where so many are entitled -to praise, especially in some particular departments. We could point out -pictures having all the minute truthfulness of nature, combined with the -beautiful effects of some of the greatest painters. We must, however, -direct especial attention to the landscapes of Mr. Turner, the views in the -Pyrenees by Mr. Stewart, and one splendid one of the same locality by Le -Gray. Mr. Buckle's views in paper also exhibit a sharpness and detail -almost equal to collodion; as do the various productions of Mr. Fenton in -wax paper. The effects obtained also by Mr. Owen of Bristol appear to be -very satisfactory: why they are, with so much excellence, called -_experimental_, we cannot tell. In collodion Mr. Berger has exhibited some -effective portraits; and we think the success of Mr. De la Motte has been -so great, that in some of his productions little remains to be desired. We -cannot conclude this brief notice without directing attention to the -minuteness and pleasing effect of the views in Rome by M. Eugene Constant, -which are also from collodion; as also the specimens from albumen negatives -of M. Ferrier; and, lastly, to the pleasant fact that lady amateurs are now -practising this art,--very nice specimens being here exhibited by the -Ladies Nevill, whose example we shall hope to see followed. - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Quotation in Locke_ (Vol. vi., p. 386.).--The words "Si non vis intelligi -non debes legi" were, I believe, the exclamation of St. Jerome, as he threw -his copy of Persius into the fire in a fit of testiness at being unable to -construe some tough lines of that tough author. I set down this reply from -memory, and am unable to give the authority for it. - -W. FRASER. - -_Pic-nic_ (Vol. vi., pp. 152. 518.).--The Query of A. F. S. (p. 152.) as to -the etymology of _pic-nic_ still remains unanswered. The Note of W. W. (p. -518.) merely refers to the time (1802) when pic-nic suppers first became -fashionable in England. Under a French form, the word appears in a speech -of Robespierre's, quoted in the _British and Foreign Review_ for July, -1844, p. 620.: "C'est ici qu'il doit m'accuser, et non dans les -_piques-niques_, dans les societes particulieres." An earlier instance -occurs in one of Lord Chesterfield's letters (No. 167.), dated October -1748. - -JAYDEE. - -_Discovery at Nuneham Regis_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 488. 558.).--Nuneham Regis -was granted to John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, in the seventh year of -King Edward VI.; but as it was forfeited on his attainder, in the first -year of Queen Mary, and immediately granted by her to Sir Rowland Hill, -knight, and citizen of London, from whom Sir Thomas Leigh, knight, and -alderman of London, almost immediately acquired it; and as he exercised the -right of presentation to the vicarage in the first year of the reign of -Queen Elizabeth, there is no probability of the body of John, Duke of -Northumberland, being removed from the Tower of London to Newnham. - -The letters T. B. on the clothes on the body at Nuneham are distinctly -worked in Roman capitals, like those on a common sampler. I have seen them. - -J. S.S. - -_Door-head Inscriptions_ (Vol. vi., p. 543.).-- - - "Sit mihi nec glis servus nec hospes hirudo." - - "From servant lazy as dormouse, - Or leeching guest, God keep my house." - -MR. WOODWARD tells us that he quotes this inscription "from memory:" it is -so very pertinent that it seems a pity even to hint a correction, but, as I -read it, it seemed partly familiar to me, and I find something so like the -latter part of it in two ancient authors, that I am tempted to inquire -whether he may not have omitted _one letter_, which alters the sense as -given above, and yet gives a sense as good. - -Among the Symbols of Pythagoras, I read the following: - - "[Greek: Omorophious chelidonas me echein]." - - "Domesticas hiru_n_dines ne habeto." - -To the same effect (but, strange to say, without any reference to -Pythagoras' dictum), we find it in the _proverbia_ of Polydore Virgil (A.D. -1498): - - "Hiru_n_do suscipienda non est." - -and the exposition is the same in both: - - "Hirundo garrula semper, _i.e._ garruli et tumigeri homines recipiendi - non sunt." - -I find no original for the former part of the inscription. Probably MR. -WOODWARD will agree with me, that it is difficult to decide whether a -greedy or a gossipping guest would be the worst household infliction; but -as a careful householder might well deprecate either, as matter of -curiosity perhaps he would refer to the original inscription again, and -decide whether he has or has not omitted an "n." - -A. B. R. - -Belmont. - -Stratford Parsonage, Wilts: - - "Parva sed apta Domino. - 1675." - -Montacute House, Somerset: - - "Through this wide opening gate - None come too soon, none go too late. - And yours." - -{24} - -Sudbury House, Derbyshire: - - "Omne Bonum Dei Donum." - -At Verona: - - "Patet Janua, Cor magis." - -The next I have seen somewhere: - - "Detur digniori." - -H. T. ELLACOMBE. - -Clyst St. George. - -_Cross and Pile_ (Vol. vi., pp. 386. 513.).--The _pile_ is invariably on -the obverse or _head_ side of a coin; and _pile_ or _poll_ both mean the -head, from whence the "poll tax" and "poll groat"--a tax paid by the head, -or a personal tax, of which we have an historical example of its collector -in the case of Wat Tyler. - -Ruding, in _Annals of the Coinage_, vol. ii. p. 119., 8vo., edit. 1819, -states that Ed. I. A.D. 1304, in the delivering out the stamps for the -coinage, orders that three _piles_ and six _crosses_ shall be given. It is -well known to all numismatists that all, or most early coins, both Saxon -and English, had a head on the obverse and a cross on the reverse--the -latter being placed on the coins as symbolical of Christianity. - -_Pile_ also means the hair, or any filament: as the "pile of velvet, the -nap of woollen cloth," &c. And Jamieson, in his _Scotch Dictionary_, says: - - "PILE. The soft hair which first appears on the chins of young men." - -Coles, Ashe, Webster, and others give the same meaning. - -The superstitious effect of the cross as a charm or amulet is well known; -from whence the saying: - - "I have never a cross in my purse to keep the Devil away." - -Again: - - "Priests were coin-proof against the Devil, they never being without - money; of course, always had a cross in their pocket."--Gilpin's - _Beehive of the Romish Church_, 1636, p. 251. - -And Nash, in the Supplication of Pierce Penniless to the Devil, makes -Pierce to say: - - "Whereas your impious excellence hath had the poore tenement of my - purse anytime this half year for your dancing schole, and he, - notwithstanding, hath received no penye nor crosse for farme," &c. - -And the poet Skelton says: - - ". . . . . . . . and in his pouche, - The Devil might dance therein for any crouche." - P. 71. - -Trusting the above will be satisfactory to D. W. S., I beg to conclude, -thinking, you will say I have already made "much ado about nothing." - -GODDARD JOHNSON. - -_Rhymes upon Places_ (Vol. vi. p. 281.).--Perhaps you will think the -following rhymes upon places worth insertion: - - "I stood upon Eyemouth Fort, - And guess ye what I saw? - Fairmiside and Furmintong, - Neuhouses and Cocklaw, - The fairy fouk o' Fosterland, - The witches o' Edincran, - The bly-rigs o' Reston; - But Dunse dings a'." - -Near the seaside village of Eyemouth, in Berwickshire, is a promontory -marked with a succession of grassy mounds, the remains of a fort built -there in the regency of Mary of Lorraine. A number of places are -represented as visible from the fort: but here fact is not strictly adhered -to. - -Fosterland once existed in the parish of Bunkle as a small village; but -even its vestiges are not now visible on the brown moor where it once -stood. Edincran, properly Auchinchran, is an estate in the vicinity of -Fosterland, as is Reston also. There is a variation as follows: - - "The fairy fouk o' Fosterland, - The witches o' Edincran, - And the rye-kail o' Reston - Gar'd a' the dogs die." - -The rye-kail alluded to must have been a broth chiefly made from rye, which -grain, it is well known, is sometimes so much tainted as to be poisonous. - -C. BENSON. - -Birmingham. - -[Greek: Arnion] (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--Probably your correspondent is aware -of the explanation given by Dr. Wordsworth in his book on the Apocalypse, -but does not think it satisfactory. Still, as he does not allude to it, I -venture to transcribe it: - - "The Apocalypse abounds in contrasts. For example, the LAMB, who is - always called [Greek: Amnos], never [Greek: Arnion], in St. John's - _Gospel_, is called [Greek: Arnion], never [Greek: Amnos], in St. - John's _Apocalypse_, in which [Greek: Arnion] occurs twenty-nine times. - And why does [Greek: ho Amnos] here become [Greek: to Arnion]? To - _contrast_ Him more strongly with [Greek: to Therion], that is, to mark - the _opposition_ between the LAMB and the Beast." - -To this a note is appended: - - "This contrast is even more striking in the original, where it is aided - by an exact correspondence of syllables and accents. On one side are-- - - '[Greek: He porne kai to Therion]:' - - On the other-- - - '[Greek: He Numphe kai to Arnion].' - - See Rev. xxi. 2. 9., xxii. 17."--_Is the Church of Rome Babylon?_ p. - 58.: London, 1851. - -A. A. D. - -[Greek: Arnion] and [Greek: amnos] both denote a lamb. In John i. 29. 36., -the latter is applied to Jesus by John the {25} Baptist. In Acts viii. 32., -and 1 Pet. i. 19., the term is manifestly derived from Isa. liii. 7., the -Septuagint translation. But, in the Revelation, the word selected by the -apostle is simply to be viewed as characteristic of his style. Taken in -connexion with John i. 29. 36., the difference presents one of those points -which so strikingly attest the authenticity of the Scripture. If the writer -had drawn upon his imagination, in all likelihood he would have used the -word [Greek: arnion] in the Gospel; but he employed another, because the -Baptist actually made use of a different one, _i. e._ one different from -that which he was in the habit of employing. - -B. H. COWPER. - -_Who was the greatest General_ (Vol. vi., p. 509.).--In reply to the -following Query, "Who was the greatest general, and why and wherefore did -the Duke of Wellington give the palm to Hannibal?" I think the following -note appended to the eloquent sermon of Dr. Croly, preached on the death of -the Duke, Sept. 19th, not only shows the humility of the Duke in giving -preference to Hannibal over himself, but it contains so just a comparison -between the two generals, that it deserves recording in the valuable and -useful pages of the "N. & Q." as well as being a perfect and true answer to -C. T.: - - "It has been usual," the note says, "to compare Wellington with - Hannibal. But those who make the comparison seem to forget the facts:-- - - "Hannibal, descending from the Alps with a disciplined force of 26,000 - men, met the brave Roman Militia, commanded by brave blockheads, and - beat them accordingly. But, as soon as he was met by a man of common - sense, Fabius, he could do nothing with him; when he met a manoeuvring - officer, the Consul Nero, he was outmanoeuvred, and lost his brother - Asdrubal's army, which was equivalent to his losing Italy; and when he - met an active officer, Scipio, he was beaten on his own ground. - Finally, forced to take refuge with a foreign power, he was there a - prisoner, and there he died." - - "His administrative qualities seem to have been of the humblest, or of - the most indolent, order. For fourteen years he was in possession of, - or in influence with, all the powers of southern Italy, then the - richest portion of the peninsula. Yet this possession was wrested from - him without an effort; and where he might have been a monarch, he was - only a pensioner. His _punic_ faith, his flight, his refuge, and his - death in captivity, might find a more complete resemblance in the - history of Napoleon." - -The following, concluding sentence of Dr. Croly's note conveys a truer and -far more just comparison with another great general: - - "The life of the first Caesar forms a much fairer comparison with that - of Wellington. Both nobly born; both forcing their way up through the - gradations of service, outstripping all their age; forming their - characters by warfare in foreign countries; always commanding small - armies, yet always invincible (Caesar won the World at Pharsalia with - only 25,000 men): both alike courageous and clement, unfailing in - resources, and indefatigable in their objects; receiving the highest - rewards, and arising to the highest rank of their times; never beaten: - both of first-rate ability in council. The difference being in their - objects; one to serve himself, the other to serve his country; one - impelled by ambition, the other by duty; one destroying the - constitution of his country, the other sustaining it. Wellington, too, - has given the soldier and statesman his 'Commentaries,' one of the - noblest transcripts of a great administrative mind." - -J. M. G. - -Worcester. - -_Beech-trees struck by Lightning_ (Vol. vi., p. 129.).--On Thinnigrove -Common, near Nettlebed, Oxon, a beech-tree, one of three or four growing -round a pit, was shattered by lightning about thirteen or fourteen years -ago. A gentleman who has lived sixty years in the neighbourhood of the -beech woods near Henly, tells me that he remembers three or four similar -cases. Single beech-trees, which are very ornamental, generally grow very -low and wide-spreading, which may be the reason why they often escape. On -the other hand, in the woods where they run up close and very high, they -present so many points of attraction to the electric fluid, that probably -for that cause it is not often the case that one tree in particular is -struck. - -CORYLUS. - -Portsmouth. - -_Passage in Tennyson_ (Vol. vi., p. 272.).--It appears to me that Tennyson -has fallen into the error of a Latin construction. I call it an error, -because in that language the varied terminations of the cases and numbers -make that plain which we have no means of evidencing in English. I should -translate it "Numenii strepitus volantis"--"The call of the curlew dreary -(drearily) gleams about the moorland, _as he flies_ o'er Locksley Hall." -The summer note of the curlew is a shrill clear whistle, but in winter they -sometimes indulge in a wild melancholy scream. - -CORYLUS. - -Portsmouth. - -_Inscriptions in Churches_ (Vol. vi., p. 510.).--I differ from your reply -to NORWOOD'S Query, in which you refer to the colloquy between Queen -Elizabeth and Dean Nowell as the origin of these inscriptions. No doubt -they were derived from the custom of our ante-Reformation ancestors, of -painting figures and legends of saints upon the walls of churches; but the -following instance will suffice to prove that they originated in the reign -of Edward VI., and not in Queen Elizabeth's. - -In the interesting paper by the Rev. E. Venables in the _Transactions of -the Cambridge Camden Society_, on "The Church of St. Mary the Great, -Cambridge," he gives, under the year {26} 1550, the following extracts from -the churchwardens' accounts: - - "For makyng of the wall where Saynt - George stood in the chyrche vj^d - It. payd for wythynge y^e chyrch xx^s iiij^d - It. payd for _wryghtynge of y^e chyrch - walls with Scriptures_ iiij^{lib} iij^s iiij^d." - -Shortly after the accession of Queen Mary in 1553, the following entry -occurs: - - "Payd to Barnes for mendyng over the rode - and over the altar in the chapell, and _for - washing oute the Scriptures_ 4^s 4^d." - -They do not appear to have been restored after this, for in the year 1840 -some of the plaister between two of the windows of the south aisle peeling -off, discovered traces of "wryghtynge" beneath; and I and another member of -the Cambridge Camden Society spent some time in laying it bare, and after -much difficulty made out that it was the Lord's Prayer in English, headed, -"The Lord's Prayer, called the Paternoster," and written in the church text -of the period, the whole enclosed in a sort of arabesque border; it was not -merely whited over, but had evidently been partially effaced, or partly -"washed oute," before being "concealed under its dreary shroud of -whitewash." On examination there were traces of more of this writing -between the other windows, but we had not time to make any further -investigation, for the church was then being cleaned, and in a few days all -that we had laid bare was again concealed under a veil of whitewash. - -Thus, I think, we may assign to the reign of Edward VI., not merely the -obliteration of the numerous frescoes of St. Christopher, the great dome, -&c., which are now so constantly coming to light, but also the origin of -"wryghtynge of y^e chyrch walls with scriptures" in their stead, some ten -or twelve years _earlier_ than the remarkable colloquy between Queen -Elizabeth and the worthy Dean of St. Paul's. - -NORRIS DECK. - -Cambridge. - -_Dutensiana_ (Vol. vi., p. 376.).--Lowndes gives a list of Dutens' works, -which does not include "Correspondence interceptee," of which he _was_ the -author; and I have seen a presentation copy of it proving this. - -W. C. TREVELYAN. - -_Early Phonography_ (Vol. vi., p. 424.).--"Have the modern phonographists -ever owned their debt of gratitude to their predecessors in the phonetic -art?" - -The subjoined advertisement may perhaps be considered an answer to this -Query: - - "Hart's Orthography, 1569; or, 'An Orthographie conteyning the due - order and reason, howe to write or paint thimage of manne's voice, most - like to the life or nature. Composed by J. H. [John Hart], Chester - Heralt;' reprinted from a copy in the British Museum. Cloth, 2s. - - "An unanswerable defence of Phonetic Spelling, and one of the earliest - schemes of Phonetic Orthography. A considerable portion of the book - being printed in the author's Phonetic Alphabet (given in the present - edition in Phonetic Longhand), we have thus exhibited the pronunciation - of the age of Shakspeare." - -W. C. TREVELYAN. - -_Kentish Local Names; Dray_ (Vol. vi., p. 410.).--In the low embanked land -in the west of Somersetshire, between Bristol and Taunton, the word _drove_ -is used in the same acceptation; and _driftway_, I think, is also a term -for ancient British roads in some parts of the kingdom. - -W. C. TREVELYAN. - -_Monument at Modstena_ (Vol. vi., p. 388.).--This monument was first -published in _Archaeologia Aeliana_. I believe it is an incised slab; but I -have written to a friend in the north to inquire whether I am correct. - -W. C. TREVELYAN. - -_Book-plates_ (Vol. iii., p. 495.).--MR. PARSONS, it appears, limits his -inquiries to English book-plates, about which I cannot offer any -information. It is certain, however, that book-plates were used on the -Continent at a very early period. I remember to have seen one, from a -wood-block, which was cut by Albert Duerer for his friend Pirkheimer. As it -is sixteen years since I saw it at the Imperial Library at Vienna, I cannot -be expected to give a precise description; but (as far as I recollect) the -wording of it was as follows: "Bilibaldi Pirckheimeri et Amicorum." - -A copy which I possess of Vesalius's great anatomical work (Basil, 1555) -has the book-plate of a former Duke of Mecklenburg pasted inside the cover. -It is a woodcut, ten inches by six and a half, representing the ducal arms, -surrounded by an ornamented border. Beneath are the date and inscription: - - 15 E 75 - H. G. V. V. G. - VLRICH H. Z. ME- - CKELNBVRG. - -I do not know what the first six letters stand for, nor is it worth -inquiring. The latter part of the inscription--"Ulrich Herzog zu -Mecklenburg"--identifies the former possessor of the volume. - -JAYDEE. - -"_World without end_" (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--Besides the places named by F. -A., this phrase occurs in the authorised version of the Bible, in Is. xlv. -17., Ep. iii. 21. There is no doubt it is idiomatic, and is even now -occasionally used in conversation. Our translators render at least three -Hebrew words "world," and as many Greek ones. One of the latter, and two of -the former, properly refer to _time_, like the Latin _aevum saeculum_; and -this also {27} appears to have been the original meaning of "world," as it -is one which it certainly has frequently in the Scriptures. "World without -end" is the idiomatic rendering, equivalent to "in saecula saeculorum," -which is a literal following of an idiom common in both the Hebrew and -Greek Scriptures, and to be found in the Chaldee of the Book of Daniel. -"World without end" does not occur, so far as I am aware, in the modern -European languages, which generally either follow the Latin "in saecula -saeculorum;" or the German, and say, "eternally to eternity." - -B. H. COWPER. - -_Gloucester Ballads_ (Vol. iv., p. 311.).--Since I inserted these ballads, -I have been informed, that the one entitled a "Gloucester Ditty" was from -the pen of Charles Dibdin, who, paying a visit to the "fair city," was -pressed by some friends to leave them a memento of such. Of my own -knowledge, I cannot vouch for the truth of this story; my informant's -veracity is, however, unquestionable. I have recently obtained another -copy; like the former, it is without a date, but bears the well-known -imprint, "Raikes, Southgate Street." - -The "Old Harry" is intended for one "Harry Hudman, King of the Island," a -low district in Gloucester, a mock officer chosen by the lower orders. -Harry kept the throne many years, but was at length outvoted; but resolving -to retain by stratagem what he could not by free choice, invited his -competitor to a glass; and while the latter was taking his draught, Harry -jumped into his seat, was chaired through the island, and was thus king -another year. There was a ballad relating to this worthy, commencing-- - - "There was a man of renown, - In Gloucester's fam'd town." - -Another verse informs us that-- - - "Old coffins ne'er new, - And old pulpits too, - Can be bought at his shop in the island." - -The "Taylor's Tale" alluded to is a ballad, written by person of that name, -on the manners and customs of the island. I have not been able to obtain -copies of either of these just noticed ballads; and should any -correspondent of "N. & Q." possess such, they would oblige me by their -insertion. - -H. G. D. - -_Satirical Prints; Pope_ (Vol. vi., p. 434.).--I have never seen this print -that your correspondent refers to. It will no doubt be found, however, to -be a plate illustrating a _scene_ in the following tract: "_A Letter from -Mr. Cibber to Mr. Pope, &c._: London, printed and sold by W. Lewis in -Russell Street, Covent Garden, 1742," see pp. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49., where is -given rather a warm description of the whole scene. Should this tract not -be had by GRIFFIN, he may turn to D'Israeli's _Quarrels of Authors_, -article "Pope and Cibber," note p. 193., col. 2., edit. 8vo., Moxon, 1840; -where D'Israeli adds: - - "This story, by our comic writer, was accompanied by a print, that was - seen by more persons, probably, than read the _Dunciad_." - -S. WMSON. - -_Raising the Wind_ (Vol. vi., p. 486.).--We say "the wind rises," and this -is common in Virgil (see _Aeneid._ iii. 130. 481.; v. 777.: _Georgics_, i. -356.; ii. 333.; and iii. 134.). The transition from rising to raising is -easy; and as there is no sailing without a breeze, so there is no getting -along without money: in both cases, the _wind_ is essential to progress. As -to the mode of obtaining the "needful," I know not much, but probably -whistling will be found as effectual in one case as in the other. - -B. H. COWPER. - -_Milton in Prose_ (Vol. vi., p. 340.).--I know of one performance in the -French language, which answers the description of _Milton in Prose_: it is -a rhapsody entitled _Le Paradis Terrestre, Poeme imite de Milton_, by -Madame Dubocage: London, 1748. The French themselves had so poor an opinion -of it, that one of their wits, the Abbe Yart, has ridiculed it in the -following epigram: - - "Sur cet ecrit, charmante Dubocage, - Veux-tu savoir quel est mon sentiment? - Je compte pour _perdus_, en lisant ton ouvrage, - Le Paradis, mon temps, ta peine, et mon argent." - -HENRY H. BREEN. - -St. Lucia. - -_The Arundelian Marbles_ (Vol. iv., p. 361.).--MR. W. SIDNEY GIBSON, in his -account of this celebrated collection, quotes portions of an interesting -letter, from James Theobald to Lord Willoughby de Parham, but he does not -say from whence he obtained it. I have now before me two copies, one in -_Historical Anecdotes of the Howard Family_, a new edition, 1817, p. 101.; -the other in a work entitled _Oxoniana_ (published by Richard Phillips, 4 -vols. 12mo., no date), vol. iii. p. 42. Now both these copies differ from -MR. GIBSON'S, and all three are at variance respecting some of those minor -details which are of so much importance in inquiries of this description. -Where is a _genuine_ copy of Mr. Theobald's letter to be found? - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -_Pambotanologia_ (Vol. vi., p. 462.).--INIVRI will find a full account of -this work in Pulteney's _Historical and Biographical Sketches of the -Progress of Botany in England_, vol. i. p. 181. - -GEORGE MUNFORD. - -East Winch. - -_Can a Man baptize himself?_ (Vol. vi., pp. 36. 110.).--This question has -not yet received any {28} correct answer. The following quotation from the -_Summa_ of St. Thomas Aquinas will resolve it as far as your querist W. is -concerned: - - "Similiter autem Forma mutaretur, si diceretur 'Ego baptizo me;' et - ideo nullus potest baptizare seipsum propter quod et CHRISTUS a Joanne - voluit baptizari."--_Summa_, 3^{tia} Pars, Quaestio lxvi. Art. v. Arg. - 4. - -The REV. A. GATTY, while right in the negative answer which he gives to the -question of W., is quite wrong in the reasons on which he founds it. -"Christian fellowship" is _not_ of necessity a requisite for administering -the sacrament of holy baptism. I quote again from the _Summa_ of St. -Thomas: - - "Ad primum ergo dicendum, quod Baptismum a schismaticis recipere non - licet, nisi in articulo necessitatis: quia melius est de hac vita cum - signo CHRISTI exire, a quocumque detur, etiam si sit Judaeus vel - Paganus, quam sine hoc signo, quod per Baptismum confertur."--_Summa_, - 2^{nda} Pars, Quaestio xxxix. Art. iv. Arg. 1. - -As our own Church apparently only recognises sacerdotal baptism in her -formularies, in answering such a question as that of W. we must have -recourse to the schoolmen and casuists of earlier times. - -W. FRASER. - - * * * * * - - -Miscellaneous. - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES - -WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -SHARP'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols. 1819. Piccadilly. - -INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman. - -MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI. - -DONNE. [Greek: Biathanatos]. 4to. First Edition, 1644. - ------- ------ ------ Second Edition, 1648. - ----- PSEUDO-MARTYR. 4to. - ----- PARADOXES, PROBLEMS, AND ESSAYS, &c. 12mo. 1653. - ----- ESSAYS IN DIVINITY. 12mo. 1651. - ----- SERMONS ON ISAIAH l. 1. - -POPE'S WORKS, by WARTON. Vol. IX. 1797. in boards. - -PERCY SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS. No. 94. Three copies. - -MEMOIRS OF THE DUCHESS OF ABRANTES. (Translation.) 8 vols. 8vo. Bentley. - -SMITH'S COLLECTANEA ANTIQUA. 2 vols. 8vo.; or Vol. I. - -BREWSTER'S MEMOIR OF REV. HUGH MOISES, M.A., Master of Newcastle Grammar -School. - -RELIGIO MILITIS; or Christianity for the Camp. Longmans, 1826. - -MILTON'S WORKS. The First Edition. - -DR. COTTON MATHER'S MEMORABLE PROVIDENCES ON WITCHCRAFT AND POSSESSIONS. -Preface by Baxter. Date about 1691. - -GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE. Vols. I. and II. of the twelve volume 8vo. edition. - -MUELLER'S NOTES ON THE EUMINIDES OF AESCHYLUS. - -CAMPBELL'S GAELIC POEMS. - -COLUMBUS' CONUNDRUMS. - -POEMS OF "ALASDAIR MAC MHAIGHSTIR ALASDAIR" MACDONALD. - -TURNER'S COLLECTION OF GAELIC POETRY. - -MAC AULAY'S HISTORY OF ST. KILDA. - -GRANT'S GAELIC POEMS. - -GILLIES' COLLECTION OF GAELIC POEMS. - -*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send -their names._ - -*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be -sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - -Notices to Correspondents. - -_We have this week been compelled to omit our usual NOTES ON BOOKS, &c._ - -W. W. (Malta) _is thanked for his suggestion_. _We fear, however, that the -difficulties in the way of carrying it out, which are far more than he -suspects, will still prevent our doing so, as we have often desired._ - -PETER THE SAXONIAN _is referred to our_ 1st Vol., p. 102., _where he will -find that both Blair and Campbell were anticipated by Norris of Bemerton, -who sang of_ - - "Angels' visits, short and bright." - -R. G. L. _The meaning and derivation of_ DITTO _are obvious. It means_ "the -same," _from the Italian_ ditto, _the said_. - -TOUCHSTONE. _Music is sometimes engraved, sometimes printed from moveable -types._ - -J. C., _who inquires whether Shelley first imagined the name of_ Mab, _has, -we fear, never read Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, or Mercutio's account of -"the Fairie's midwife." We almost envy him._ - -F. R. S. (Barkisland). _His Query shall appear, and_ we think _we may -promise him a full and satisfactory Reply._ - -H. C. K., _and other Correspondents respecting the inscription at Dewsbury, -are thanked_. - -A. B. _The line_ - - "And coming events cast their shadows before," - -_is from Campbell's_ Lochiel's Warning. - -H. B. C. _The Correspondent to whom H. B. C. refers us furnished his name -and address. But perhaps our Correspondent's Reply had better appear_. - -W. H. T. (Salisbury). Ophiomaches _was written by the Rev. Philip Skelton_. -_See further our_ No. 157., p. 415. _The other Queries shall have early -attention._ - -D'OYLEY AND MANT'S COMMENTARY. _With reference to our Note in No. 157., a -Correspondent informs us that an edition is now publishing in Parts at 6d. -each, by Strange_ - -PHOTOGRAPHY. _Owing to the length of DR. DIAMOND's directions for the Paper -Process in our present No., we are compelled to postpone many interesting -communications. DR. DIAMOND's former articles are contained in our Nos. -151, 152, 153. and 155. All our Nos., however, subsequent to 148., contain -communications on this interesting subject._ - -THE INDEX AND TITLE-PAGE _to our Sixth Volume will be ready very shortly_. - -BACK NUMBERS OF NOTES AND QUERIES. _Full Price will be given for clean -copies of Nos. 27, 28, 29, 30. 59, 60, and 61._ - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel and deliver them to -their Subscribers on the Saturday_. - - * * * * * - - -Mr. Henri van Laun assists Gentlemen in obtaining a critical knowledge of -the French, German, and Dutch languages. From his acquaintance with the -ancient as well as the modern literature of these three languages, and also -with the best English authors, he can render his lessons valuable to -gentlemen pursuing antiquarian or literary researches. He also undertakes -the translation of Manuscripts. Communications to be addressed, pre-paid, -ANDREW'S Library, 167. 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By GEORGE DANIEL, -Author of "Merrie England in the Olden Time," "The Modern Dunciad," &c. - -"An exquisite metrical conceit, sparkling with wit and humour, in the true -spirit of Aristophanes, in which Democritus guides his brilliant and merry -muse through every fantastic measure, evincing grace in the most grotesque -attitudes. As a relief to his cutting sarcasm and fun, the laughing -philosopher has introduced some fine descriptive scenes, and passages of -deep pathos, eloquence, and beauty. Not the least remarkable feature in -this very remarkable book are the recondite and curious notes, at once so -critical and philosophical, so varied and so amusing, so full of -interesting anecdote and racy reminiscences. They form a rich mine of -classical learning and antiquarian knowledge. 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Castle Street, Leicester Square. - - * * * * * - - -{31} - -Now ready, small 4to., handsomely bound in cloth 2l. 2s.; morocco, 2l. 12s. -6d. - -POETRY OF THE YEAR, PASSAGES FROM THE POETS DESCRIPTIVE OF THE SEASONS. - -WITH TWENTY-TWO COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY THE FOLLOWING -EMINENT ARTISTS. - - T. CRESWICK, R.A. - C. DAVIDSON. - W. LEE. - J. MULLER. - E. DUNCAN. - BIRKET FOSTER. - D. COX. - H. LE JEUNE. - W. HEMSLEY. - C. BRANWHITE. - J. WOLF. - C. WEIGALL. - HARRISON WEIR. - R. R. - E. V. B. - LUCETTE E. BARKER. - - "Bids fair to be the most beautiful and attractive of the 'Gift Books' - of the present season. The designs, which are for the most part - exceedingly good, have been lithographed, and printed in colours, so as - to present the appearance of exquisite and really well-finished - drawings, and the letter-press is compiled from the works of our most - standard writers. This, in our opinion, is by far the best plan for - illustrated works. The words should be worthy of the pictures, and then - those who go to the expense of such works have the satisfaction of - knowing that they have got the best of their kind, in both the text and - the illustrations, instead of having, as is too often the case, capital - pictures and second or third-rate prose or poetry. The book before us - is, in every way, worthy to be placed upon the drawing-room table of - her most gracious Majesty, and we doubt not that it will shortly be - found there."--_English Churchman._ - - "'Poetry of the Year' is a most richly illustrated volume, containing - more than a score of beautiful designs lithographed and printed in - colours with a delightful effect. Several of them (we may instance the - timber waggon on the wintry road, the rich summer sunset, the view of - Windermere, the group of cattle, and the children gathering spring - flowers) have the effect of finished water-colour drawings; and when we - add that among the contributors of designs are Mr. Creswick, Mr. David - Cox, Mr. Duncan, Mr. Davidson, Mr. Weir, E. V. B., and others hardly - less admired, the reader will understand that the volume is above the - average of illustrated books generally. We have to say also that the - accompanying passages from the poets are extremely well made, with a - true feeling and a catholic taste. The volume well deserves - success."--_Examiner._ - - "This is a charming volume, as much to be prized for the value of the - letter-press, as admired for the beauty of the illustrations--a remark - applicable to few books so ornamental. The poetry consists of - selections from English classic authors, on subjects connected with the - four seasons.... - - Altogether, the volume is worthy of high praise, and will doubtless be - a favourite gift-book of the new year, having also the advantage of - being a book of pleasant reference for all the year round."--_Literary - Gazette._ - -GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - - -FIRST FRENCH BOOK, BY THE REV. T. K. ARNOLD. - -In 12mo., price 5s. 6d. The Third Edition of - -THE FIRST FRENCH BOOK: - -On the Plan of "Henry's First Latin Book." - -By the REV. THOMAS KERCHEVER ARNOLD, M.A. - -Rector of Lyndon, and formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; Author -of the "First German Book." - - "Mr. Arnold has succeeded in preparing a work admirably adapted to meet - the wants of English students of the French Language. The philosophical - explanation of the changes of consonants, together with the frequent - references to Latin words and idioms by way of illustration and - comparison, render it far superior as a school-book to any other - introduction, even from the pen of a native writer. The sound - principles of imitation and repetition which have secured for the - author a reputation widely extended and well deserved, are here happily - exemplified. His account of the differences of idiom is very - satisfactory and complete:--whoever thoroughly masters it, will rarely - want anything further on the subject."--_Athenaeum._ - - RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; - Of whom may be had, - A KEY to the Exercises, by M. DELILLE. Price 2s. 6d. - - * * * * * - - -Just published, price Sixpence, or sent Free on receipt of Eight Postage -Stamps, - -FENNELL'S SHAKESPEARE REPOSITORY; - - Containing interesting Articles on the True Orthography and Etymology - of Shakspeare's Name; Remarks on his Bequest to his Wife; Shakspeare - considered as a Comic Writer; Curious Account of a Great and - Destructive Flood at Stratford-on-Avon in his Time; The Government and - Shakspeare's House; Remarks on Shakspeare's Gallantry; Notes on his - Pedigree; On Shakspeare's Manuscripts; Old London Theatres; Some - Accounts of his Mulberry Tree and Walnut Tree; Ancient Verses on his - coming to London, &c. &c. - -Published by JAMES H. FENNELL, 1. Warwick Court, Holborn, London. - - * * * * * - - -{32} - -BOOKS ON SALE BY - -JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, - -36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. - -HOLBEIN'S DANCE OF DEATH, with an Historical and Literary Introduction by -an Antiquary. 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Fcp. 8vo. with numerous wood engravings, from the original coins, -6s. 6d. - -COINS OF THE ROMANS RELATING TO BRITAIN, described and illustrated. By J. -Y. AKERMAN, F.S.A. Second edition, 8vo. greatly enlarged with plates and -woodcuts, 10s. 6d. cloth. - -GUIDE TO ARCHAEOLOGY. An Archaeological Index to Remains of Antiquity of -the Celtic, Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon periods. By JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, -fellow and secretary of the Society of Antiquaries. 1 vol. 8vo. illustrated -with numerous engravings, comprising upward of 500 objects, cloth 15s. - - "One of the first wants of an incipient antiquary is the facility of - comparison, and here it is furnished him at one glance. The plates, - indeed, form the most valuable part of the book, both by their number - and the judicious selection of types and examples which they contain. - It is a book which we can, on this account, safely and warmly recommend - to all who are interested in the antiquities of their native - land."--_Literary Gazette._ - - "A book of such utility--so concise, so clear, so well condensed from - such varied and voluminous sources--cannot fail to be generally - acceptable."--_Art Union._ - -WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ESSAYS ON THE LITERATURE, POPULAR SUPERSTITIONS, AND -HISTORY OF ENGLAND in the MIDDLE AGES. 2 vols. post 8vo. cloth, 16s. - -WRIGHT'S (THOS.) ST. PATRICK'S PURGATORY: an Essay on the Legends of -Purgatory, Hell, and Paradise, current during the Middle Ages. Post 8vo. -cloth, 6s. - -THE NURSERY RHYMES OF ENGLAND, collected chiefly from oral tradition. -Edited by J. O. HALLIWELL. Fourth edition, 12mo. with 38 Designs by W. 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No public -library ought to be without it. - -CONSUETUDINES KANCIAE. A History of GAVELKIND, and other remarkable Customs -in the County of KENT, by CHARLES SANDYS, Esq., F.S.A. (Cantianus), -illustrated with fac-similes, a very handsome volume, 8vo. cloth, 15s. - -BRUCE'S (REV. J. C.) HISTORICAL AND TOPOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ROMAN WALL -FROM THE TYNE TO THE SOLWAY. Thick 8vo. 35 plates and 194 woodcuts, half -morocco, 1l. 1s. - -BOSWORTH'S (REV. DR.) COMPENDIOUS ANGLO-SAXON AND ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 8vo. -closely printed in treble columns, cloth, 12s. - - "This is not a mere abridgment of the large Dictionary, but almost an - entirely new work. In this compendious one will be found, at a very - moderate price, all that is most practical and valuable in the former - expensive edition, with a great accession of new words and - matter."--_Author's Preface._ - -ANALECTA ANGLO-SAXONICA. Selections in Prose and Verse from Anglo-Saxon -Literature, with an Introductory Ethnological Essay, and Notes, critical -and explanatory. By LOUIS F. KLIPSTEIN, of the University of Giessen, 2 -thick vols. post 8vo. cloth, 12s. (original price 18s.) - -A DELECTUS IN ANGLO-SAXON, intended as a First Class-book in the Language. -By the Rev. W. BARNES, of St. John's College, Cambridge, author of the -Poems and Glossary in the Dorset Dialect. 12mo. cloth, 2s. 6d. - - "To those who wish to possess a critical knowledge of their own native - English, some acquaintance with Anglo-Saxon is indispensable; and we - have never seen an introduction better calculated than the present to - supply the wants of a beginner in a short space of time. The - declensions and conjugations are well stated, and illustrated by - references to the Greek, Latin, French, and other languages. A - philosophical spirit pervades every part. The Delectus consists of - short pieces on various subjects, with extracts from Anglo-Saxon - History and the Saxon Chronicle. There is a good Glossary at the - end."--_Athenaeum, Oct. 20, 1849._ - -FACTS AND SPECULATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF PLAYING CARDS. By W. A. -CHATTO, Author of "Jackson's History of Wood Engraving," in one handsome -vol. 8vo. illustrated with many Engravings, both plain and coloured, cloth, -1l. 1s. - - "It is exceedingly amusing."--_Atlas._ - - "Curious, entertaining, and really learned book."--_Rambler._ - - "Indeed the entire production deserves our warmest - approbation."--_Literary Gazette._ - - "A perfect fund of Antiquarian research, and most interesting even to - persons who never play at cards."--_Tait's Mag._ - -BIBLIOTHECA MADRIGALIANA: a Bibliographical account of the Music and -Poetical Works published in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth -Centuries, under the Titles of Madrigals, Ballets, Ayres, Canzonets, &c. By -DR. RIMBAULT. 8vo. cloth, 5s. - -A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, -and Ancient Customs from the reign of Edward I. By JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, -F.R.S., F.S.A., &c. 2 vols. 8vo. containing upwards of 1,000 pages closely -printed in double columns, cloth 1l. 1s. - -It contains about 50,000 Words (embodying all the known scattered -Glossaries of the English language), forming a complete key to the reading -of the works of our old Poets, Dramatists, Theologians, and other authors, -whose works abound with allusions, of which explanations are not to be -found in ordinary Dictionaries and books of reference. Most of the -principal Archaisms are illustrated by examples selected from early -inedited MSS. and rare books, and by far the greater portion will be found -to be original authorities. - -A LITTLE BOOK OF SONGS AND BALLADS, gathered from Ancient Musick Books, MS. -and Printed. By E. F. RIMBAULT, LL.D., &c. Post 8vo. pp. 240, half-bound in -morocco, 6s. - - ----Antique Ballads, sung to crowds of old, - Now cheaply bought for thrice their weight in gold. - -GUIDE TO THE ANGLO-SAXON TONGUE, with Lessons in Verse and Prose, for the -Use of Learners. By E. J. VERNON, B.A., Oxon. 12mo. cloth, 5s. 6d. - -*** This will be found useful as a Second Class-book, or to those well -versed in other languages. - - * * * * * - - -Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5. New -Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and -published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. -Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet -Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 1. 1853. - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 166, January -1, 1853, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** - -***** This file should be named 42781.txt or 42781.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/2/7/8/42781/ - -Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins -and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images -generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian -Libraries) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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