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diff --git a/42784-0.txt b/42784-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8128208 --- /dev/null +++ b/42784-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3119 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42784 *** + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are indicated by footnotes to the relevant item. + + * * * * * + + +{77} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 169.] +SATURDAY, JANUARY 22. 1853 +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Blackguard, by Sir J. Emerson Tennent 77 + + Predictions of the Fire and Plague of London, No. I., + by T. Sternberg 79 + + Notes and Queries on Bacon's Essays, No. II., by, + P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A. 80 + + FOLK LORE:--Irish Superstitious Customs--Charm for, + Warts--The Devil--"Winter Thunder," &c. 81 + + Malta the Burial-place of Hannibal 81 + + MINOR NOTES:--Waterloo--"Tuch"--The Dodo--Francis I. 82 + + QUERIES:-- + + Dr. Anthony Marshall 83 + + Lindis, Meaning of 83 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Smock Marriage in New York--The broken + Astragalus--Penardo and Laissa--St. Adulph--St. Botulph-- + Tennyson--"Ma Ninette," &c.--Astronomical Query--Chaplains + to Noblemen--"More" Queries--Heraldic Query--"By Prudence + guided," &c.--Lawyers' Bags--Master Family--Passage in + Wordsworth--Govett Family--Sir Kenelm Digby--Riddles-- + Straw Bail--Wages in the West in 1642--Literary Frauds + of Modern Times 84 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--"Very like a Whale"--Wednesday + a Litany Day--"Thy Spirit, Independence," &c.--"Hob and + nob," Meaning of 86 + + REPLIES:-- + + Wellesley Pedigree, by John D'Alton 87 + + Consecrated Rings for Epilepsy 88 + + Turner's View of Lambeth Palace, by J. Walter, &c. 89 + + Etymological Traces of the social Position of our Ancestors, + by C. Forbes, &c. 90 + + Goldsmiths' Year-marks, by W. Chaffers, Jun., and H. T. + Ellacombe 90 + + Editions of the Prayer-Book prior to 1662, by W. Sparrow + Simpson, B.A. 91 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES:--Originator of the Collodion + Process--Mr. Weld Taylor's Process--Dr. Diamond's Services + to Photography--Simplification of the Wax-paper Process 92 + + The Burial Service said by Heart, by Mackenzie Wallcott, + M.A., &c. 94 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Mary Queen of Scots' Gold + Cross--Jennings Family--Adamson's "England's Defence"-- + Chief Justice Thomas Wood--Aldiborontiphoscophornio-- + Statue of St. Peter at Rome--Old Silver Ornament-- + "Plurima, pauca, nihil"--"Pork-pisee" and "Wheale"--Did + the Carians use Heraldic Devices?--Herbert Family-- + Children crying at Baptism, &c. 95 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 97 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 98 + + Notices to Correspondents 98 + + Advertisements 99 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +BLACKGUARD. + +In some of the earlier numbers of "N. & Q.," there occur disquisitions as +to the origin of the term _blackguard_, and the time at which it came into +use in England in its present sense. But the communications of your +correspondents have not been satisfactory upon either point--they have not +shown the period at which the word came to be accepted _in its present +sense_; and their quotations all apply to its use in a much more simple +meaning, and one totally different from that which we now attach to it. + +One class of these quotations (Vol. ii., pp. 171. 285.), such as the +passages from BUTLER and FULLER, refer obviously to a popular superstition, +during an age when the belief in witchcraft and hobgoblins was universal; +and when such creatures of fancy were assigned as _Black Guards_ to his +Satanic majesty. "Who can conceive," says FULLER in the paragraph +extracted, "but that such a Prince-principal of Darkness must be +proportionally attended by a Black Guard of monstrous opinions?" (_Church +History_, b. ix. c. xvi.) And in the verses of BUTLER referred to, +Hudibras, when deceived by Ralpho counterfeiting a ghost in the dark,-- + + "Believed it was some drolling sprite + That _staid upon the guard_ at night:" + +and thereupon in his trepidation discourses with the Squire as follows: + + "Thought he, How does the _Devil_ know + What 'twas that I design'd to do? + His office of intelligence, + His oracles, are ceas'd long since; + And he knows nothing of the Saints, + But what some treach'rous spy acquaints. + This is some petty-fogging _fiend_, + Some under door-keeper's friend's friend, + That undertakes to understand, + And juggles at the second hand: + And now would pass for spirit Po, + And all men's dark concerns foreknow. + I think I need not fear him for't; + These rallying _devils_ do not hurt. + {78} + With that he roused his drooping heart, + And hastily cry'd out, What art?-- + A wretch, quoth he, whom want of grace + Has brought to this unhappy place. + I do believe thee, quoth the knight; + Thus far I'm sure thou'rt in the right, + And know what 'tis that troubles thee, + Better than thou hast guess'd of me. + Thou art some paltry, _blackguard sprite_, + Condemn'd to drudg'ry in the night; + Thou hast no work to do in th' house, + _Nor half-penny to drop in shoes_; + Without the raising of which sum + You dare not be so troublesome; + To pinch the slatterns black and blue, + For leaving you their work to do. + This is your business, good Pug Robin, + And your diversion, dull dry bobbing." + _Hudibras_, Part III. Canto 1. line 1385, &c. + +It will be seen that BUTLER, like FULLER, uses the term in the simple sense +as a _guard_ of the Prince of Darkness. But the concluding lines of +Hudibras's address to Ralpho explain the process by which, at a late +period, this term of the _Black Guard_ came to be applied to the lowest +class of domestics in great establishments. + +The Black Guard of Satan was supposed to perform the domestic drudgery of +the kitchen and servants' hall, in the infernal household. The extract from +HOBBES (Vol. ii., p. 134.) refers to this:-- + + "Since my Lady's decay, I am degraded from a cook; and I fear the Devil + himself will entertain me but for one of his _black guard_, and he + shall be sure to have his roast burnt." + +Hence came the popular superstition that these goblin scullions, on their +visits to the upper world, confined themselves to the servants' apartments +of the houses which they favoured with their presence, and which at night +they swept and garnished; pinching those of the maids in their sleep who, +by their laziness, had imposed such toil on their elfin assistants; but +_slipping money into the shoes_ of the more tidy and industrious servants, +whose attention to their own duties before going to rest had spared the +goblins the task of performing their share of the drudgery. Hudibras +apostrophises the ghost as-- + + "... some paltry _blackguard_ sprite + Condemn'd to drudgery in the night; + Thou hast no work to do in th' house + Nor half-penny to drop in shoes;" + +and therefore, as the knight concluded--"this devil full of malice" had +found sufficient leisure to taunt and rally him in the dark upon his recent +disasters. + +This belief in the visits of domestic spirits, who busy themselves at night +in sweeping and arranging the lower apartments, has prevailed in the North +of Ireland and in Scotland from time immemorial: and it is explained in SIR +WALTER SCOTT'S notes to the _Lay of the Last Minstrel_, as his +justification for introducing the goblin page Gilpin Horner amongst the +domestics of Branksome Hall. Perhaps, from the association of these elves +with the lower household duties, but more probably from a more obvious +cause, came at a later period the practice described by GIFFORD in his note +on BEN JONSON, as quoted by your correspondent (Vol. ii., p. 170.), by +which-- + + "in all great houses, but particularly in the Royal Residences, there + were a number of mean dirty dependents, whose office it was to attend + the wool-yard, sculleries, &c. Of these, the most forlorn wretches seem + to have been selected to carry coals to the kitchens, halls, &c. To + this smutty regiment, who attended the progresses, and rode in the + carts with the pots and kettles, the people, in derision, gave the name + of the _black guards_." + +This is no doubt correct; and hence the expression of BEAUMONT and +FLETCHER, quoted from the _Elder Brother_, that-- + + "... from the _black guard_ + To the grim Sir in office, there are few + Hold other tenets:" + +meaning from the lowest domestic to the highest functionary of a household. +This too explains the force of the allusion, in Jardine's _Criminal +Trials_, to the apartments of Euston House being "far unmeet for her +Highness, but fitter for the Black Guard"--that is, for the scullions and +lowest servants of an establishment. SWIFT employs the word in this sense +when he says, in the extract quoted by Dr. Johnson in his _Dictionary_ in +illustration of the meaning of _blackguard_,-- + + "Let a black-guard boy be always about the house to send on your + errands, and go to market for you on rainy days." + +It will thus be seen, that of the six authors quoted in "N. & Q." no one +makes use of the term _black guard_ in an opprobrious sense such as +attaches to the more modern word "blackguard;" and that they all wrote +within the first fifty years of the seventeenth century. It must therefore +be subsequent not only to that date, but to the reign of Queen Anne, that +we are to look for its general acceptance in its present contumelious +sense. And I believe that its introduction may be traced to a recent +period, and to a much more simple derivation than that investigated by your +correspondents. + +I apprehend that the present term, "a blackguard," is of French origin; and +that its importation into our language was subsequent to the Restoration of +Charles II., A.D. 1660. There is a corresponding term in French, _blague_, +which, like our English adaptation, is not admissible in good society. It +is defined by Bescherelles, in his great _Dictionnaire National_, to mean +"fanfaronnade, hâblerie, mensonge; bourde, gasconade:" and to {79} be "un +mot populaire et bas, dont les personnes bien élevées évitent de se +servir." From _blague_ comes the verb _blaguer_, which the same authority +says means "dire des blagues; mentir pour le plaisir de mentir." And from +_blaguer_ comes the substantive _blagueur_, which is, I apprehend, the +original of our English word _blackguard_. It is described by Bescherelles +as a "diseur de sornettes et de faussetées; hâbleur, fanfaron. Un +_blagueur_ est un menteur, mais un menteur qui a moins pour but de tromper +que de se faire valoir." + +The English term has, it will be observed, a somewhat wider and more +offensive import than the French: and the latter being rarely to be found +amongst educated persons, or in dictionaries, it may have escaped the +etymologists who were in search of a congener for its English derivative. +Its pedigree is, however, to be sought in philological rather than +archæological records. Within the last two centuries, a number of words of +honest origin have passed into an opprobrious sense; for example, the +oppressed tenants of Ireland are spoken of by SPENSER and SIR JOHN DAVIES +as "_villains_." In our version of the Scriptures, "_cunning_" implies +merely skill in music and in art. SHAKSPEARE employs the word "_vagabond_" +as often to express pity as reproach; and I think it will be found, that as +a _knave_, prior to the reign of Elizabeth, meant merely a serving man, so +a _blackguard_ was the name for a pot-boy or scullion in the reign of Queen +Anne. The transition into its more modern meaning took place at a later +period, on the importation of a foreign word, to which, being already +interchangeable in sound, it speedily became assimilated in sense. + +J. EMERSON TENNENT. + + * * * * * + +PREDICTIONS OF THE FIRE AND PLAGUE OF LONDON, NO. I. + + "It was a trim worke indeede, and a gay world no doubt for some idle + cloister-man, mad merry friers, and lusty abbey-lubbers; when + themselves were well whittled, and their paunches pretily stuffed, to + fall a prophesieing of the woefull dearths, famines, plagues, wars, &c. + of the dangerous days imminent."--Harvey's _Discoursive Probleme_, + Lond. 1588. + +Among the sly hits at our nation, which abound in the lively pages of the +Sieur d'Argenton, is one to the effect that an Englishman always has an old +prophecy in his possession. The worthy Sieur is describing the meeting of +Louis X. and our Henry II. near Picquini, where the Chancellor of England +commenced his harangue by alluding to an ancient prophecy which predicted +that the Plain of Picquini should be the scene of a memorable and lasting +peace between the two nations. "The Bishop," says Commines, "commença par +une prophétie, dont," adds he, _en parenthèse_, "les Anglois ne sont jamais +despourveus."[1] Even at this early period, we had thus acquired a +reputation for prophecies, and it must be confessed that our chronicles +abound in passages which illustrate the justice of the Sieur's sarcasm. +From the days of York and Lancaster, when, according to Lord Northampton +"bookes of beasts and babyes were exceeding ryfe, and current in every +quarter and corner of the realme,"[2] up to the time of Napoleon's +projected invasion, when the presses of the Seven Dials were unusually +prolific in visions and predictions, pandering to the popular fears of the +country--our national character for vaticination has been amply sustained +by a goodly array of prophets, real or pretended, whose lucubrations have +not even yet entirely lost their influence upon the popular mind. To this +day, the ravings of Nixon are "household words" in Cheshire; and I am told +that a bundle of "Dame Shipton's Sayings" still forms a very saleable +addition to the pack of a Yorkshire pedlar. Recent discoveries in +biological science have given to the subject of popular prophecies a +philosophical importance beyond the mere curiosity or strangeness of the +details. Whether or not the human mind, under certain conditions, becomes +endowed with the prescient faculty, is a question I do not wish to discuss +in your pages: I merely wish to direct attention to a neglected and not +uninteresting chapter in the curiosities of literature. + +In delving among what may be termed the popular religious literature of the +latter years of the Commonwealth, and early part of the reign of Charles, +we become aware of the existence of a kind of nightmare which the public of +that age were evidently labouring under--a strong and vivid impression that +some terrible calamity was impending over the metropolis. Puritanic +tolerance was sorely tried by the licence of the new Court; and the pulpits +were soon filled with enthusiasts of all sects, who railed in no measured +terms against the monster city--the city Babylon--the bloody city! as they +loved to term her: proclaiming with all the fervour of fanaticism that the +measure of her iniquities was well nigh full, and the day of her extinction +at hand. The press echoed the cry; and for some years before and after the +Restoration, it teemed with "warnings" and "visions," in which the +approaching destruction is often plainly predicted. One of the earliest of +these prefigurations occurs in that Leviathan of Sermons, _God's Plea for +Nineveh, or London's Precedent for Mercy_, by Thomas Reeve: London, 1657. +Speaking of London, he says: + + It was Troy-novant, it is Troy le grand, and it will be Troy + l'extinct."--P. 217. + +{80} And again: + + "Methinks I see you bringing pick-axes to dig downe your owne walls, + and kindling sparks that will act all in a flame from one end of the + city to the other."--P. 214. + +And afterwards, in a strain of rough eloquence: + + "This goodly city of yours all in shreds, ye may seek for a threshold + of your antient dwellings, for a pillar of your pleasant habitations, + and not find them; all your spacious mansions and sumptuous monuments + are then gone.... Wo unto us, our sins have pulled down our houses, + shaken down our city; we are the most harbourlesse featlesse people in + the world.... Foxes have holes, and the fowls of the air nests, but we + have neither; our sins have deprived us both of couch and covert. What + inventions shall ye then be put to, to secure yourselves, when your + sins shall have shut up all the conduits of the city, and suffer only + the Liver conduit to run[3]; when they allow you no showers of rain, + but showers of blood; when ye shall see no men of your incorporation, + but the mangl'd citizen; nor hear no noise in your streets but the + crys, the shrieks, the yells and pangs of gasping, dying men; when, + amongst the throngs of associates, not a man will own you or come near + you," &c.--Pp. 221. _et seq._ + +After alluding to the epidemics of former ages, he thus alludes to the +coming plague: + + "It will chase men out of their houses, as if there was some fierce + enemy pursuing them, and shut up shop doors, as if execution after + judgment was served upon the merchants; there will then be no other + music to be heard but doleful knells, nor no other wares to be born up + and down but dead corpses; it will change mansion houses into + pest-houses, and gather congregations rather into churchyards than + churches.... The markets will be so empty, that scarce necessaries will + be brought in, a new kind of brewers will set up, even apothecaries to + prepare diet drinks."--P. 255. + +The early Quakers, like most other religious enthusiasts, claimed the gift +of prophecy: and we are indebted to members of the sect for many +contributions to this branch of literature. Humphrey Smith was one of the +most celebrated of the vaticinating Quakers. Little is known of his life +and career. He appears to have joined the Quakers about 1654; and after +enduring a long series of persecutions and imprisonments for the sake of +his adopted creed, finally ended his days in Winchester gaol in 1662. The +following passage, from a _Vision which he saw concerning London_ (London, +1660). is startling[4]: + + "And as for the city, herself and her suburbs, and all that belonged to + her, a fire was kindled therin; but she knew not how, even in all her + goodly places, and the kindling of it was in the foundation of all her + buildings, and there was none could quench it.... And the burning + thereof was exceeding great, and it burned inward in a hidden manner + which cannot be described.... All the tall buildings fell, and it + consumed all the lofty things therein, and the fire searched out all + the hidden places, and burned most in the secret places. And as I + passed through her streets I beheld her state to be very miserable, and + very few were those who were left in her, who were but here and there + one: and they feared not the fire, neither did the burning hurt them, + but they walked as dejected mournful people.... And the fire continued, + for, though all the lofty part was brought down, yet there was much old + stuffe, and parts of broken-down desolate walls, which the fire + continued burning against.... And the vision thereof remained in me as + a thing that was showed me of the Lord." + +Daniel Baker, Will Lilly, and Nostradamus, I shall reserve for another +paper. + +T. STERNBERG. + +[Footnote 1: _Mémoires_, p. 155.: Paris, 1649.] + +[Footnote 2: _Defensative against the Poyson of supposed Prophecies_, p. +116.] + +[Footnote 3: "It was a great contributing to this misfortune that the +Thames Water House was out of order, so that the conduits and pipes were +almost all dry."--_Observations on the burning of London_: Lond. 1667, p. +34.] + +[Footnote 4: For a sight of this extremely scarce tract, I am indebted to +the courtesy of the gentleman who has the care of the Friends' Library in +Devonshire House, Bishopsgate.] + + * * * * * + +NOTES AND QUERIES ON BACON'S ESSAYS, NO. II. + +(Vol. vii., p. 6.) + +Essay I. p. 2. "One of the fathers." Who, and where? + +Ditto, ditto. The poet. Lucretus, ii., init. "Suave mari magno," &c. + +Ditto, p. 3. (note i). Plutarch. Does Montaigne allude to Plutarch, _De +Liberis educandis_, vol. ii. (ed. Xyland.) 11 C.: "[Greek: to gar +pseudesthai douloprepes k.t.l.]"? + +Essay II. p. 4. "You shall read in _some_ of the friars' books," &c. Where? + +Ditto, ditto. "Pompa magis," &c. Does Bacon quote this from memory, +referring to "Tolle istam pompam, sub quâ lates, et stultos territas"? (Ep. +XXIV. vol. ii. p. 92.: ed. Elzev. 1672.) + +Ditto, p. 5. "We read," &c. Tac. _Hist._, ii. 49. "Quidam milites juxta +rogum interfecere se, non noxâ neque ob metum, sed æmulatione decoris et +caritate principis." Cf. Sueton. _Vit. Oth._, 12. + +Ditto, ditto. "Cogita quamdiu," &c. Whence is this? + +Ditto, ditto. "Augustus Cæsar died," &c. Suet. _Vit. Octav._, 99. + +Ditto, ditto. "Tiberius in dissimulation." Tac. _Ann._, vi. 50. + +Ditto, ditto. "Vespasian." Suet. _Vit. Vespas._, 23. + +Ditto, ditto. "Galba." Tac. _Hist._, i. 41. + +Ditto, ditto. "Septimus Severus." Whence is this? + +Ditto, p. 6. (note _m_). "In the tenth Satire of Juvenal." V. 357., _seq._ + +Ditto, ditto. "Extinctus amabitur idem." Hor. _Epist._ ii. l. 14. + +{81} + +Essay III. p. 8. "A master of scoffing." Rabelais, _Pantagruel_, book ii. +cap. viii. (p. 339. vol. i. ed. Bohn, 1849.) + +Ditto, p. 9. "As it is noted by one of the fathers." By whom, and where? + +Ditto, p. 10. "Lucretius." I. 102. + +Ditto, p. 11. "It was a notable observation of a wise father." Of whom, and +where? + +Essay IV. p. 13. "For the death of Pertinax." See _Hist. Aug. Script._, +vol. i. p. 578. (Lugd. Bat. 1671.) + +Ditto, ditto, (note _f_). "The poet." Ovid, _Ar. Am._, i. 655. + +Essay V. ditto. "Bona rerum secundarum," &c. Does Bacon allude to Seneca +(Ep. lxvi. p. 238., _ut sup._), where, after stating that "In æquo est +moderatè gaudere, et moderatè dolere;" he adds, "Illa bona optabilia sunt, +hæc mirabilia"? + +Ditto, ditto. "Vere magnum habere," &c. Whence is this? + +Ditto, ditto. "The strange fiction of the ancient poets." In note (_a_) we +find "Stesichorus, Apollodorus, _and others_" named. Whereabouts? + +Ditto, p. 11. (note _c_). "This fine passage has been quoted by Macaulay." +_Ut sup._, p. 407. + +Essay VI. p. 15. "Tacitus saith." _Ann._, v. 1. + +Ditto, ditto. "And again, when Mucianus," &c. Ditto, _Hist._, ii. 76. + +Ditto, ditto. "Which indeed are arts, &c., as Tacitus well calleth them." +Where? + +Ditto, p. 17. "It is a good shrewd proverb of the Spaniard." What is the +proverb? + +Essay VII. p. 19. "The precept, 'Optimum elige,' &c." Whence? though I am +ashamed to ask. + +Essay VIII. p. 20. "The generals." See Æsch. _Persæ_, 404. (Dindf.), and +Blomfield _in loc._ (v. 411. ed. suæ). + +Ditto, ditto. "It was said of Ulysses," &c. By whom? Compare _Od._, v. 218. + +Ditto, p. 21. "He was reputed," &c. Who? + +(_To be continued._) + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Irish Superstitious Customs._--The following strange practices of the +Irish are described in a MS. of the sixteenth century, and seem to have a +Pagan origin: + + "Upon Maie Eve they will drive their cattell upon their neighbour's + corne, to eate the same up; they were wont to begin from the rast, and + this principally upon the English churl. Onlesse they do so upon Maie + daie, the witch hath power upon their cattell all the yere following." + +The next paragraph observes that "they spitt in the face; Sir R. Shee spat +in Ladie ---- face." + +Spenser alludes to spitting on a person for luck, and I have experienced +the ceremony myself. + +H. + +_Charm for Warts._--I remember in Leicestershire seeing the following charm +employed for removal of a number of warts on my brother, then a child about +five years old. In the month of April or May he was taken to an ash-tree by +a lady, who carried also a paper of fresh pins; one of these was first +struck through the bark, and then pressed through the wart until it +produced pain: it was then taken out and stuck into the tree. Each wart was +thus treated, a separate pin being used for each. The warts certainly +disappeared in about six weeks. I saw the same tree a year or two again, +when it was very thickly studded over with old pins, each the index of a +cured wart. + +T. J. + +Liverpool. + +_The Devil._-- + + "According to the superstition of the west countries if you meet the + devil, you may either cut him in half with a straw, or force him to + disappear by spitting over his horns."--_Essays on his own Times_, by + S. T. Coleridge, vol. iii. p. 967. + +J. M. B. + +If you sing before breakfast you will cry before supper. + +If you wish to have luck, never shave on a Monday. + +J. M. B. + +_"Winter Thunder," &c._--I was conversing the other day with a very old +farmer on the disastrous rains and storms of the present season, when he +told me that he thought we had not yet seen the worst; and gave as a reason +the following proverb: + + "Winter thunder and summer flood + Bode England no good." + +H. T. + +Ingatestone Hall, Essex. + + * * * * * + +MALTA THE BURIAL-PLACE OF HANNIBAL. + +Malta affords a fine field for antiquarian research; and in no part more so +than in the neighbourhood of Citta Vecchia, where for some distance the +ground is dotted with tombs which have already been opened. + +Here, in ancient times, was the site of a burial-place, but for what +people, or at what age, is now unknown; and here it is that archæologists +should commence their labours, that in the result they may not be +disappointed. In some of the tombs which have been recently entered in this +vicinity, fragments of linen cloth have been seen, in which bodies were +enveloped at the time of their burial; in others glass, and earthen +candlesticks, and jars, hollow throughout and of a curious shape; while in +a few were earrings and finger-rings made of the purest gold, but they are +rarely found. {82} + +There cannot be a doubt that many valuable antiquities will yet be +discovered, and in support of this presumption I would only refer to those +now known to exist; the Giant's Tower at Gozo, the huge tombs in the +Bengemma Hills, and those extensive and remarkable ruins at Krendi, which +were excavated by order of the late Sir Henry Bouverie, and remain as a +lasting and honourable memento of his rule, being among the number. + +An antiquary, being at Malta, cannot pass a portion of an idle day more +agreeably than in visiting some singular sepulchral chambers not far from +Notabile, which are built in a rocky eminence, and with entrances several +feet from the ground. These are very possibly the tombs of the earliest +Christians, who tried in their erection "to imitate that of our Saviour, by +building them in the form of caves, and closing their portals with marble +or stone." When looking at these tombs from a terrace near the Cathedral, +we were strongly reminded of those which were seen by our lately deceased +friend Mr. John L. Stephens, and so well described by him in his _Incidents +of Travel_ in eastern lands. Had we time or space, we should more +particularly refer to several other interesting remains now scattered over +the island, and, among them, to that curious sepulchre not a long time ago +discovered in a garden at Rabato. We might write of the inscription on its +walls, "In pace posita sunt," and of the figures of a dove and hare which +were near it, to show that the ashes of those whom they buried there were +left in peace. We might also make mention, more at length, of a tomb which +was found at the point Beni Isa in 1761, having on its face a Phoenician +inscription, which Sir William Drummond thus translates: + + "The interior room of the tomb of Ænnibal, illustrious in the + consummation of calamity. He was beloved. The people, when they are + drawn up in order of battle, weep for Ænnibal the son of Bar Malek." + +Sir Grenville Temple remarks, that the great Carthaginian general is +supposed, by the Maltese, to have been a native of their island, and one of +the Barchina family, once known to have been established in Malta; while +some writers have stated that his remains were brought from Bithynia to +this island, to be placed in the tomb of his ancestors; and this +supposition, from what we have read, may be easily credited. + +Might I ask if there is any writer, ancient or modern, who has recorded +that Malta was not the burial-place of Hannibal? + +W. W. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Waterloo._--I do not know whether, in any of the numerous lives of the +late Duke of Wellington, the following fact has been noticed. In Strada's +History of the Belgian war (a work which deserves to be better known and +appreciated than it is at present), there occurs a passage which shows +that, about three hundred years since, Waterloo was the scene of a severe +engagement; so that the late sanguinary struggle was not the first this +battle-ground has to boast of. The passage occurs in _Famianæ Stradæ de +Bello Belgico, Decas prima_, lib. vi. p. 256., edit. Romæ, 1653; where, +after describing a scheme on the part of the insurgents for surprising +Lille, and its discovery by the Royalists, he goes on: + + "Et Rassinghemius de Armerteriensi milite inaudierat: nihilqve moratvs + selectis centvmqvinqvaginta peditibvs et equitibus sclopetariis fermè + qvinqveginta prope _Waterlocvm_ pagvm pvgnam committit." + +What makes this more curious is, that, like the later battle, neither of +the contending parties on this occasion were natives of the country in +which the battle was fought, they being the French Calvinists on one side +and the Spaniards on the other. + +PHILOBIBLION. + +"_Tuch._"--In "The Synagogue," attached to Herbert's _Poems_, but written +by Chr. Harvie, M.A., is a piece entitled "The Communion Table," one verse +of which is as follows: + + "And for the matter whereof it is made, + The matter is not much, + Although it be of _tuch_, + Or wood, or mettal, what will last, or fade; + So vanitie + And superstition avoided be." + +S. T. Coleridge, in a note on this passage, printed in Mr. Pickering's +edition of Herbert, 1850 (fcap. 8vo.), says: + + "_Tuch_ rhyming to _much_, from the German _tuch_, cloth: I never met + with it before as an English word. So I find _platt_, for foliage, in + Stanley's _Hist. of Philosophy_, p. 22." + +Whether Coleridge rightly appreciated Stanley's use of the word _platt_, I +shall not determine; but with regard to _touch_, it is evident that he went +(it was the tendency of his mind) to Germany for error, when truth might +have been discovered nearer home. The context shows that _cloth_ could not +have been intended, for who ever heard of a table or altar made of cloth? +The truth is that the poet meant _touchstone_, which the author of the +_Glossary of Architecture_ (3rd edit., text and appendix) rightly explains +to be "the dark-coloured stone or marble, anciently used for tombstones. A +musical sound" (it is added) "may be produced by touching it sharply with a +stick." And this is in fact the reason for its name. The author of the +_Glossary of Architecture_ cites _Ben Jonson_ by Gifford, viii. 251., and +_Archæol._, xvi. 84. + +ALPHAGE. + +Lincoln's Inn. + +{83} + +_The Dodo._--Among the seals, or rather sulphur casts, in the British +Museum, is one of Nicholas Saumares, anno 1400. It represents an esquire's +helmet, from which depends obliquely a shield with the +arms--supporters--dexter a unicorn, sinister a greyhound; crest, a bird, +which from its unwieldy body and disproportionate wings I take to be a +Dodo: and the more probability attaches itself to this conjecture, since +_Dodo_ seems to have been the surname of the Counts de Somery, or Somerie +(query Saumarez), as mentioned in p. 2. of Add. MSS. 17,455. in the British +Museum, and alluded to in a former No. of "N. & Q." This seal, like many +others, is not in such a state of preservation as to warrant the assertion +that we have found a veritable Dodo. I only offer it as a hint to MR. +STRICKLAND and others, that have written so learnedly on this head. Burke +gives a falcon for the crest of Saumarez; but the clumsy form and figure of +this bird does not in any way assimilate with any of the falcon tribe. + +Dodo seems also to have been used as a Christian name, as in the same +volume of MSS. quoted above we find Dodo de Cisuris, &c. + +CLARENCE HOPPER. + +_Francis I._--Mention has been made in "N. & Q." of Francis I.'s celebrated +"Tout est perdu hormis l'honneur!" but the beauty of that phrase is lost in +its real position,--a long letter to Louisa of Savoy, his mother. The +letter is given at full length in Sismondi's _Histoire des Français_. + +M--A L. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +DR. ANTHONY MARSHALL. + +In 1662 Anthony Marshall, D.D., was Rector of Bottesford, in +Leicestershire. Nichols adds a _query_ after his name; whether he were of +the Bishop of Exeter's family? and a _note_, that Anthony Marshall was +created D.D. at Cambridge in 1661 by royal mandate (_Hist. Leic._, vol ii. +p. 77.); and again, Dr. Anthony Marshall preached a Visitation Sermon at +Melton in 1667, Aug. 11. I do not find that any Bishop of Exeter bore the +name of Marshall except Henry Marshall in 1191, of course too far back to +suppose that the Query could refer to him; but I have not introduced this +Note to quarrel with Mr. Nichols, but to ask if this is all that is known +of a man who must, in his day, have attained to considerable eminence. I +more than suspect that this Dr. Marshall was a native of Staveley in +Derbyshire. Sir Peter Frescheville, in his will, dated in 1632, gives to +St. John's College, Cambridge, 50l. "for the buying of bookes to furnish +some one of the desks in the new library lately built and erected in the +said college; and expresses his desire that the said money shall be layed +forth, and the bookes bought, provided, and placed in the said library by +the paines, care, and discression of his two loveing friends, Mr. Robert +Hitch, late Fellow of Trinity College in Cambridge; and Mr. Robert +Marshall, Fellow of St. John's College[5]; or the survivor of them,"--which +last Robert, I suspect, should be Anthony. + +In 1677 Anthony Marshall, D.D., Rector of Bottesford, was a subscriber of +10l. towards a fund then raised for yearly distribution; and there is only +one name precedes his, or subscribes a larger amount, and that is Dr. Hitch +before named. + +Mr. Bagshaw, in his _Spiritualibus Pecci_, 1701, p. 61., referring to +Thomas Stanley, one of the ejected ministers, says: + + "Mr. Stanley was born at Dackmonton, three miles from Chesterfield, + where he had part of his education, as he had another part of it at + Staley, not far from it. His noted schoolmaster was one Mr. Marshall, + whose brother made a speech to King James I." + +Is there any means of corroborating this incident? In 1682 I observe the +name of Dr. Marshall amongst the King's Chaplains in Ordinary, and a Dr. +Marshall (perhaps the same individual) Dean of Gloucester; but whether +identified in the Doctor about whom I inquire, remains a Query. + +U. J. S. + +Sheffield. + +[Footnote 5: [There is a Latin epigram, by R. Marshall of St. John's +College, Cambridge, prefixed to John Hall's _Poems_, published in +1646.--ED.]] + + * * * * * + +LINDIS, MEANING OF. + +We are told by Bede that _Lindisfarne_, now Holy Island, derives the first +part of its name from the small brook Lindis, which at high water is quite +invisible, being covered by the tide, but at low water is seen running +briskly into the sea. Now I should be glad to know the precise meaning of +_Lindis_. We are informed by etymologists, that _Lyn_ or _Lin_, in names of +places, signifies water in any shape, as lake, marsh, or stream: but what +does the adjunct _dis_ mean? Some writers assert that _Lindis_ signifies +the linden-tree; thus making the sound an echo to the meaning: and hence +they assume that Lindesey in Lincolnshire must signify an Isle of +Linden-trees. But it is very doubtful that such a tree ever existed in +Lincolnshire anterior to the Conquest. The _linden_ is rather a rare tree +in England; and the two principal species, the _Tilia Europea_ and the +_Tilia grandifolia_, are said by botanists not to be indigenous to this +country, but to have been introduced into our island at an early period to +adorn the parks of the nobles, and certainly not till after the Conquest. + +Dr. Henry, in his _History of Britain_, vol. iv., gives the meaning of +"Marsh Isle" to Lindsey, and of "Lake Colony" to Lincolnia. This I consider +the most probable signification to a district {84} that abounded in marshes +at that early period, when the rude Briton or the Saxon applied names to +places the most consonant to the aspects they afforded them: nor is it +likely they would give the name of Lindentree to a small brook, where such +a tree never could have grown. + +As to the antiquity of the name of Lindes or Lindesey, I should say +Lindentree must be of comparatively modern nomenclature. I should, however, +be glad to have the opinion of some of your better-informed etymologists on +the meaning of the word, as it may decide a point of some importance in +genealogy. + +J. L. + +Berwick. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Smock Marriage in New York._--In a curious old book, entitled _The +interesting Narrative of the Life of Oulandah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, +the African, written by himself_, and published in London, by subscription, +in 1789, I find the following passage: + + "While we lay here (New York, A.D. 1784) a circumstance happened which + I thought extremely singular. One day a malefactor was to be executed + on a gallows, but with a condition that if any woman, having nothing on + but her shift, married the man under the gallows, his life was to be + saved. This extraordinary privilege was claimed; a woman presented + herself, and the marriage ceremony was performed."--Vol. ii. p. 224. + +Perhaps some of your New York correspondents can say whether the annals of +that city furnish evidence of so extraordinary an occurrence. + +R. WRIGHT. + +_The broken Astragalus._--Where was the broken astragalus, given by the +host to his guest, first used as the symbol of hospitality? + +C. H. HOWARD. + +_Penardo and Laissa._--Who is the author of a poem (the title-page of which +is wanting) called _The Historye of Penardo and Laissa_, unpaged, in +seventeen caputs, with poems recommendatory, by Drummond of Hawthornden and +others, small 4to., containing many Scotticisms? + +E. D. + +_St. Adulph_ (Vol. v., pp. 566, 567.).--Capgrave, quoting John of Tynemouth +(?), says: + + "Sanctum igitur Adulphum audita ejus fama ad _trajectensem_[6] + ecclesiam in episcopum _rex_ sublimavit." + +Query 1. Who is the "rex" here mentioned? + +Query 2. "Trajecteasem:" ought this to be applied to "Utrecht" or +"Maestricht," or either? Literally, it is "on the other side of the water." + +A. B. + +[Footnote 6: "trajectensem" (passim) corrected from "trajecteasem" by +erratum in Issue 170.--Transcriber.] + +_St. Botulph_ (Vol. v., pp. 566, 567.).--Your correspondent C. W. G. says: + + "His (St. Botulph's) life was first put into regular form by + Fulcard.... Fulcard tells us what his materials were.... An early MS. + of _this_ life is in the Harleian Collection, No. 3097. It was printed + by Capgrave in the _Legenda Nova_." + +Query: _Fulcard's_ life of the saint, or the life by some other person: +John of Tynemouth to wit? + +A. B. + +_Tennyson._--Mr. Gilfillan, in his _Literary Gallery_, speaking of that +fine poem "The Two Voices," says that the following line-- + + "You scarce could see the grass for flowers"-- + P. 308. l. 18., 7th edit. + +is borrowed from one of the old dramatists. Could you or any of your +correspondents tell me what the line is? + +As also the Latin song referred to in "Edwin Morris:" + + "Shall not love to me, + As in the Latin song I learnt at school, + Sneeze out a full God-bless-you right and left?" + P. 231. l. 10., 7th edit. + +My last Tennyson Query is about the meaning of-- + + "She to me + Was proxy-wedded with a bootless calf, + At eight years old." + _Princess_, p. 15. l. 18., 4th edit. + +H. J. J. + +Liverpool. + +_"Ma Ninette," &c._--Can any of your French readers tell me the +continuation, if continuation there be, of the following charming verses; +as also where they come from? + + "Ma Ninette a quatorze ans, + Trois mois quelque chose; + Son teint est un printemps, + Sa bouche une rose." + +H. J. J. + +_Astronomical Query._--You style your paper a medium of communication +between literary men, &c. I trust this does not exclude one of my sex from +seeking information through the same channel. + +We have had additions to our solar system by the discovery of four planets +within the last few years. Supposing that these planets obey the same laws +as the larger ones, they must be at all times apparently moving within the +zodiac; and considering the improvements in telescopes within the last +seventy years, and the great number of scientific observers at all times +engaged in the pursuit of astronomy both in Europe and North America, I am +at a loss to understand why these planets were not discovered before. + +I suppose we may not consider them as new creations attached to our solar +system, because the law of perturbations on which Mr. Herschel {85} +discourses at length, in the eleventh chapter of his _Treatise on +Astronomy_, would seem to demonstrate that they would interfere with the +equilibrium of the solar system. + +Would some of your scientific contributors condescend to explain this +matter, so as to remove the ignorance under which I labour in common with, +I believe, many others? + +LEONORA. + +Liverpool. + +_Chaplains to Noblemen._--Under what statute, if any, do noblemen appoint +their chaplains? and is there any registry of such appointments in any +archiepiscopal or episcopal registry? + +X. + +_"More" Queries._-- + + "When _More_ some years had Chancellor been, + No _more_ suits did remain; + The same shall never _more_ be seen, + Till _More_ be there again." + +I infer from the first lines of this epigram that Sir Thomas More, by his +unremitting attention to the business of the Court of Chancery, had brought +to a close, in his day, the litigation in that department. Is there any +authentic record of this circumstance? + +Are there, at the present day, any male descendants of Sir Thomas More, so +as to render possible the fulfilment of the prophecy contained in the last +two lines? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + +_Heraldic Query._--To what families do the following bearings belong? 1. +Two lions passant, on a chief three spheres (I think) mounted on pedestals; +a mullet for difference. The crest is very like a lily reversed. 2. Ermine, +a bull passant; crest, a bull passant: initials "C. G." + +U. J. S. + +Sheffield. + +_"By Prudence guided," &c._--Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." supply me +with the words deficient in the following lines, and inform me from what +author they are quoted? I met with them on an old decaying tomb in one of +the churchyards in Sheffield: + + "By prudence guided, undefiled in mind, + Of pride unconscious, and of soul refined, + . . . . conquest . . . . . . . . subdue + With . . . . . . . . . . . . . .in view + Here . . . . . . . . the heaven-born flame + Which . . . . . . . from whence it came." + +W. S. (Sheffield.) + +_Lawyers' Bags._--I find it stated by Colonel Landman, in his _Memoirs_, +that prior to the trial of Queen Caroline, the colour of the bags carried +by barristers was green; and that the change to red took place at, or +immediately after, the event in question. I shall be glad of any +information both as to the fact of such change having taken place, and the +circumstances by which it was brought about and accompanied. + +J. ST. J. Y. + +Wellbank. + +_Master Family._--Can you refer me to any one who may be able to give me +information respecting the earlier history of the family of Master or +Maistre, of Kent, prior to 1550: and any suggestions as to its connexion +with the French or Norman family of Maistre or De Maistre? This being a +Query of no public interest, I inclose a stamped envelope, according to the +wish expressed by you in a recent Number. + +GEORGE S. MASTER. + +Welsh-Hampton, Salop. + +_Passage in Wordsworth._--Can any of your correspondents find an _older +original_ for Wordsworth's graceful conceit, in his sonnet on Walton's +lines-- + + "There are no colours in the fairest sky + As fair as these: _the feather whence the pen_ + _Was shaped, that traced the lives of these good men,_ + _Dropt from an angel's wing_"-- + +than the following: + + "whose noble praise + Deserves a quill pluckt from an angel's wing." + + Dorothy Berry, in a Sonnet prefixed to Diana Primrose's _Chain of + Pearl, a Memorial of the peerless Graces, &c. of Queen Elizabeth_: + published London, 1639,--a tract of twelve pages. + +M--A L. + +Edinburgh. + +_Govett Family._--Can you inform me for what town or county Sir ---- +Govett, Bart., was member of parliament in the year 1669, and what were his +armorial bearings? His name appears in the list of members given in page +496. of the Grand Duke Cosmo's _Travels through England_, published in +1821. Is the baronetcy extinct? If so, who was the last baronet, and in +what year? Where he lived, or any other particulars, will much oblige. + +QUÆRO. + +_Sir Kenelm Digby._--Why is Sir Kenelm Digby represented, I believe always, +with a sun-flower by his side? + +VANDYKE. + +_Riddles._--It would take up too much of your valuable time and space to +insert all the riddles for which correspondents cannot find answers; but +will you find means to ask, through your pages, if any clever Oedipus would +allow me to communicate to him certain enigmas which puzzle me greatly, and +which I should very much like to have solved. + +RUBI. + +_Straw Bail._--Fielding, in his _Life of Jonathan Wild_, book i. chap. ii., +relates that Jonathan's aunt + + "Charity took to husband an eminent gentleman, whose name I cannot + learn; but who was famous for {86} so friendly a disposition, that he + was bail for above a hundred persons in one year. He had likewise the + remarkable humour[7] of walking in Westminster Hall with a straw in his + shoe." + +What was the practice here referred to, and what is the origin of the +expression "a man of straw," which is commonly applied to any one who +appears, or pretends to be, but is not, a man of property? + +Straw bail is, I believe, a term still used by attorneys to distinguish +insufficient bail from "justifiable" or sufficient bail. + +J. LEWELYN CURTIS. + +[Footnote 7: "humour" corrected from "honour" by erratum in Issue +170.--Transcriber.] + +_Wages in the West in 1642._--The Marquis of Hertford and Lord Poulett were +very active in the West in the year 1642. In the famous collection of +pamphlets in the British Museum (113, 69.) is contained Lord Poulett's +speech at Wells, Somerset: + + "His lordship, with many imprecations, oaths, and execrations (in the + height of fury), said that it was not fit for any yeoman to have + allowed him from his own labours any more than the poor moiety of ten + pounds a-year; and when the power shall be totally on their side, they + shall be compelled to live on that low allowance, notwithstanding their + estates are gotten with a great deal of labour and industry. + + "Upon this the people attempted to lay violent hands upon Lord Poulett, + who was saved by a regiment marching in or by at the moment." + +What was Lord Poulett's precise meaning? Do we not clearly learn from the +above, that the Civil War was due to more than a mere choosing between king +and parliament among the humbler classes of the remote country districts? + +GEORGE ROBERTS. + +_Literary Frauds of Modern Times._--In a work by Bishop (now Cardinal) +Wiseman, entitled _The Connexion between Science and Revealed Religion_, +3rd edition, vol. ii. p. 270., occurs the following remark: + + "The most celebrated literary frauds of modern times, the _History of + Formosa_, or, still more, the _Sicilian Code of Vella_, for a time + perplexed the world, but were in the end discovered." + +Will you, or any of your readers, kindly refer me to any published account +of the frauds alluded to in this passage? I have a faint remembrance of +having read some remarks respecting the _Code of Vella_, but am unable to +recall the circumstances. + +I was under the impression that Chatterton's forgery of the Rowley poems, +Macpherson's of the Ossianic rhapsodies, and Count de Surville's of the +poems of Madame de Surville, were "the most celebrated literary frauds of +modern times." In what respect are those alluded to by Dr. Wiseman entitled +to the unenviable distinction which he claims for them? + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +"_Very like a Whale._"--What is the origin of this expression? It occurs in +the following doggerel verses, supposed to be spoken by the driver of a +cart laden with fish: + + "This salmon has got a tail; + _It's very like a whale_; + It's a fish that's very merry; + They say its catch'd at Derry. + It's a fish that's got a heart; + It's catch'd and put in Dugdale's cart." + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia. + + [This expression occurs in _Hamlet_, Act III. Sc. _2._: + + "_Hamlet._ Do you see yonder cloud, that is almost in shape of a + camel? + _Polonius._ By the mass, and 'tis like a camel, indeed. + _Hamlet._ Methinks it is like a weasel. + _Polonius._ It is backed like a weasel. + _Hamlet._ Or like a whale? + _Polonius._ Very like a whale." + + Since Shakspeare's time, it has been used as a proverb in reply to any + remark partaking of the marvellous.] + +_Wednesday a Litany Day._--Why is Wednesday made a Litany day by the +Church? We all know why Friday was made a fast; but why should Wednesday be +sacred? + +ANON. + + [Wednesdays and Fridays were kept as fasts in the primitive Church: + because on the one our Lord was betrayed, on the other crucified. See + Mant and Wheatley.] + +_"Thy Spirit, Independence," &c._--Could you, or any of your readers, +inform me where are the following lines?-- + + "Thy spirit, Independence, let me share, + Lord of the lion heart and eagle eye! + Thy steps I'll follow with my bosom bare, + Nor heed the storm that howls along the sky." + +I quote from memory. + +H. + + [In Smollett's _Ode to Independence_.] + +_"Hob and nob," Meaning of._--What is the origin of these words as verbs, +in the phrase "Hob or nob," which means, as I need not inform your readers, +to spend an evening tippling with a jolly companion? + +What is the origin of "nob?" And is either of these two words ever used +alone? + +C. H. HOWARD. + +Edinburgh. + + [This phrase, according to Grose, "originated in the days of good Queen + Bess. When great chimnies were in fashion, there was at each corner of + the hearth, or grate, a small elevated projection, called _hob_, and + behind it a seat. In winter-time the beer was placed on the hob to + warm; and the cold beer was set on a small table, said to have been + called the _nob_: so that the {87} question, Will you have hob or nob? + seems only to have meant, Will you have warm or cold beer? _i.e._ beer + from the hob, or beer from the nob." But Nares, in his _Glossary_, s.v. + _Habbe_ or _Nabbe_, with much greater reason, shows that _hob_ or + _nob_, now only used convivially, to ask a person whether he will have + a glass of wine or not, is most evidently a corruption of the old + _hab-nab_, from the Saxon _habban_, to have, and _nabban_, not to have; + in proof of which, as Nares remarks, Shakspeare has used it to mark an + alternative of another kind: + + "And his incensement at this moment is so implacable, that satisfaction + can be none but by pangs of death and sepulchre: _hob, nob_ is his + word; give't or take't."--_Twelfth Night_, Act III. Sc. 4.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +WELLESLEY PEDIGREE. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 508. 585.) + +There is an anxiety to obtain further particulars on this interesting +subject, and I have searched my Genealogical MSS. Collections for such; the +result has extended farther than I could have wished, but, while I am able +to furnish _dates_ and _authorities_ for hitherto naked statements, I have +inserted two or three links of descent not before laid down. + +A member of the Somersetshire Wellesleighs is said to have accompanied +Henry II. to Ireland. + +Walleran or Walter de Wellesley, living in Ireland in 1230 (Lynch, _Feud. +Dig._), witnessed a grant of certain townlands to the Priory of Christ +Church about 1250 (_Registry of Christ Church_); while it is more +effectively stated that he then "endowed the Priory of All Saints with 60 +a. of land, within the manor of Cruagh, _which then belonged, with other +estates, to his family_, and that he gave to the said priory _free common +of pasture, of wood and of turbary, over his whole mountain there_." + +His namesake and son (according to Lynch, _Feud. Dig._), "Walran de +Wylesley," was in 1302 required, as one of the "Fideles" of Ireland, by +three several letters, to do service in the meditated war in Scotland +(_Parl. Writs_, vol. i. p. 363.), and in the following year he was slain +(_MS. Book of Obits, T.C.D._). The peerage books merge these two Wallerans +in one. + +William de Wellesley, who appears to have been son to Walleran, was in 1309 +appointed Constable of the Castle of Kildare (_Rot. Pat. Canc. Hib._), +which he maintained when besieged by the Bruces in their memorable invasion +of Ireland, and their foray over that county. For these and other services +to the state he received many lucrative and honourable grants from the +crown, and was summoned to parliament in 1339. In 1347 he was slain at the +siege of Calais. (_Obits, T.C.D._) + +Sir John de Wellesly, Knight, son of William, having performed great +actions against the O'Tooles and O'Byrnes of Wicklow, had grants of sundry +wardships and other rewards from the year 1335. In 1343 he became one of +the sureties for the appearance of the suspected Earl of Desmond, on whose +flight Sir John's estates were seised to the crown and withheld for some +years. (Lynch's _Feud. Dig._) + +His successor was another John de Wellesley, omitted in the peerage books, +but whose existence is shown by _Close Roll 29 & 30 Edw. III., C. H._ He +died about the year 1355. + +William Wellesley, son of John, was summoned to great councils and +parliaments of Ireland from 1372; he was also entrusted by the king with +various important commissions and custodies of castles, lands, and wards +(_Patent Rolls C. H._). In 1386 he was Sheriff of Kildare, and Henry IV. +renewed his commission in 1403. + +Richard, son and heir of William de Wellesley, as proved by _Rot. Pat. 1 +Henry IV., Canc. Hib._, married Johanna, daughter and heiress of Sir +Nicholas de Castlemartin, by whom the estates of Dangan, Mornington, &c. +passed to the Wellesley family; he and his said wife had confirmation of +their estates in 1422. (_Rot. Pat. 1 Henry VI., C. H._) He had a previous +grant from the treasury by order of the Privy Council, in consideration of +his long services as sheriff of the county of Kildare, and yet more +actively "in the wars of Munster, Meath, and Leinster, with men and horses, +arms and money." (_Rot. Claus. 17 Ric. II., C. H._) In 1431 he was +specially commissioned to advise the crown on the state of Ireland, and was +subsequently selected to take charge of the Castle of Athy, as "the fittest +person to maintain that fortress and key of the country against the malice +of the Irish enemy." (_Rot. Pat. et Claus. 9 Henry VI., C. H._) In +resisting that "malice" he fell soon after. + +The issue of Sir Richard de Wellesley by Johanna were William Wellesley, +who married Katherine ----, and dying in 1441 was succeeded by his next +brother, Christopher Wellesley, whose recorded fealty in the same year +proves all the latter links; his succession to William as brother and heir, +and the titles of Johanna as widow of his father Richard, and of Katherine +as widow of William, to dower off said estates. (_Rot. Claus. 19 Henry +VI._, _C. H._) At and previous to this time, another line of this family, +connected as cousins with the house of Dangan, flourished in the co. +Kildare, where they were recognised as Palatine Barons of Norragh to the +close of the seventeenth century. William Wellesley of Dangan was the son +and heir of Christopher. An (unprinted) act of Edward IV. was passed in +1472 in favour of this William; and his two marriages are stated by Lynch +(_Feud. Dig._): the first was to {88} Ismay Plunkett; the second, to Maud +O'Toole, was contracted under peculiar circumstances. The law of Ireland at +the time prohibited the intermarriages of the English with the natives +without royal licence therefor being previously obtained, and not even did +the licence so obtained wash out the _original sin_ of Irish birth; for, as +in this instance, Maud, having survived her first husband, on marrying her +second, Patrick Hussey, had a fresh licence to legalise that marriage. It +is of record (_Rot. Pat. 21 Henry VII., C. H._), and proves the second +marriage of Sir William clearly: yet it is not noticed in any of the +peerage books, which derive his issue from the first wife, and not from the +second, as Lynch gives it, that issue being Gerald the eldest son, Walter +the second, and Alison a daughter. + +Gerald had a special livery of his estate in 1539; Walter the second son +became Bishop of Kildare in 1531, and died its diocesan in 1539 (see Ware's +_Bishops_); and the daughter Alison intermarried with John Cusack of +Cushington, co. Meath. (Burke's _Landed Gentry_, Supp. p. 88.) + +Gerald, according to all the peerage books, married Margaret, eldest +daughter of Sir Thomas Fitzgerald, who was Lord Chancellor of Ireland in +1483, and had issue William, his eldest son, Lord of Dangan, who married +Elizabeth Cusack, of Portrane, co. Dublin, and died previous to 1551 (as I +believe is proveable by _inquisitions_ of that year in the office of the +Chief Remembrancer, Dublin), leaving Gerald, his eldest son and heir. An +inquiry taken in 1579 as to the extent of the manor of Dangan, finds him +then seised thereof (_Inquis. in C. H. 23 Eliz._). Previous to this he +appears a party in conveyances of record, as in 1564, &c. He had a son +Edward (not mentioned in the peerage books), who joined in a family +conveyance of 1599, and soon after died, leaving a son, Valerian Wellesley. +Gerald himself died in 1603, leaving said Valerian, his grandson and heir, +then aged ten (_Inquis. 5 Jac. I. in Rolls Office_), and _married_, adds +the Inquisition; and Lynch, in his _Feudal Dignities_, gives interesting +particulars of the betrothal of this boy, and his public repudiation of the +intended match on his coming to age. This Valerian is traced through Irish +records to the time of the Restoration; he married first, Maria Cusack (by +whom he had William Wellesley, his eldest son), and, second, Anne Forth, +otherwise Cusack, widow of Sir Ambrose Forth, as shown by an Inquisition of +1637, in the Rolls Office, Dublin. + +William Wellesley, son and heir of Valerian, married Margaret Kempe +(_Peerage Books_), and by her had Gerald Wellesley, who on the Restoration +petitioned to be restored to his estates, and a Decree of Innocence issued, +which states the rights of himself, his father, and his grandfather in +"Dingen." This Gerald married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Dudley +Colley, and their first daughter was baptized in 1663 by the name of +Margaret, some evidence, in the courtesy of christenings, of Gerald's +mother being Margaret. (_Registry of St. Werburgh's._) Gerald was a suitor +in the Court of Claims in 1703: he left two sons; William the eldest died +_s. p._, and was succeeded by Garrett, his next brother, who died also +without issue in 1728, having bequeathed all the family estates to Richard +Colley, second son of the aforesaid Sir Dudley Colley, and testator's +uncle, enjoining upon said Richard and his heirs male to bear thenceforth, +as they succeeded to the estates, the name and arms of Wellesley. + +This Richard Colley Wellesley married Elizabeth, daughter of John Sale, +LL.D. and M.P., by whom he had issue Garrett Wellesley, born, as the +_Dublin and London Magazine_ for 1735 announces, "19th July," when "the +Lady of Richard Colley Westley was delivered of a son and heir, _to the +great joy of that family_." This son was father of the Marquis Wellesley +and of the DUKE OF WELLINGTON! + +JOHN D'ALTON. + +48. Summer Hill, Dublin. + + * * * * * + +CONSECRATED RINGS FOR EPILEPSY. + +(Vol. vi., p. 603.) + +SIR W. C. T. has opened a very interesting field for inquiry regarding +these blest rings. + +St. Edward, in his last illness (obiit January 5, 1066), gave a ring which +he wore to the Abbot of Westminster. The origin of this ring is surrounded +by much mystery. A pilgrim is said to have brought it to the king, and to +have informed him that St. John the Evangelist had made known to the donor +that the king's decease was at hand. "St. Edward's ring" was kept for some +time at Westminster Abbey, as a relic of the saint, and was applied for the +cure of the falling sickness or epilepsy, and for cramp. From this arose +the custom of our English kings, who were believed to have inherited St. +Edward's powers of cure, solemnly blessing every year rings for +distribution. + +It is said, we know not on what authority, that the ring did not always +remain at Westminster, but that in the chapel of Havering (so called from +_having the ring_), in the parish of Hornchurch, near Rumford in Essex +(once a hunting-seat of the kings), was kept, till the dissolution of +religious houses, the identical ring given by the pilgrim to St. Edward. +Weaver says he saw it represented in a window of Rumford Church. + +These rings seem to have been blessed for two different species of cure: +first, against the falling sickness (comitialis morbus); and, secondly, +against the cramp (contracta membra). For the cure of the king's evil the +sovereign did not bless rings, but continued to _touch_ the patient. {89} + +Good Friday was the day appointed for the blessing of the rings. They were +often called "medijcinable rings," and were made both of gold and silver; +and as we learn from the household books of Henry IV. and Edward IV., the +metal they were composed of was what formed the king's offering to the +cross on Good Friday. The following entry occurs in the accounts of the 7th +and 8th years of Henry IV. (1406): "In oblacionibus Domini Regis factis +adorando Crucem in capella infra manerium suum de Eltham, die Parascevis, +in precio trium nobilium auri et v solidorum sterlyng, xxv s. + +"In denariis solutis pro eisdem oblacionibus reassumptis, pro annulis +medicinalibus inde faciendis, xxv s." + +The prayers used at the ceremony of blessing the rings on Good Friday are +published in Waldron's _Literary Museum_. Cardinal Wiseman has in his +possession a MS. containing both the ceremony for the blessing the cramp +rings, and the ceremony for the touching for the king's evil. At the +commencement of the MS. are emblazoned the arms of Philip and Mary: the +first ceremony is headed, "Certain prayers to be used by the quenes heignes +in the consecration of the crampe rynges." Accompanying it is an +illumination representing the queen kneeling, with a dish, containing the +rings to be blessed, on each side of her. The second ceremony is entitled, +"The ceremonye for y^e heling of them that be diseased with the kynges +evill;" and has its illumination of Mary kneeling and placing her hands +upon the neck of the diseased person, who is presented to her by the clerk; +while the chaplain, in alb and stole, kneels on the other side. The MS. was +exhibited at a meeting of the Archæological Institute on 6th June, 1851. +Hearne, in one of his manuscript diaries in the Bodleian, lv. 190., +mentions having seen certain prayers to be used by Queen Mary at the +blessing of cramp rings. May not this be the identical MS. alluded to? + +But, to come to W. C. T.'s immediate question, "When did the use of these +blest rings by our sovereigns cease?" The use never ceased till the change +of religion. In addition to the evidence already given of the custom in the +fifteenth century, may be added several testimonies of its continuance all +through the sixteenth century. Lord Berners, when ambassador to the Emperor +Charles V., writing "to my Lord Cardinal's grace" from Saragossa, June 31, +1518, says, "If your grace remember me with some crampe ryngs, ye shall doo +a thing muche looked for; and I trust to bestowe thaym well with goddes +grace." (_Harl. MS._ 295. f. 119. See also Polydore Virgil, _Hist._ i. 8.; +and Harpsfield.) Andrew Boorde, in his _Introduction to Knowledge_, +mentions the blessing of these rings: "The kynges of England doth halow +every yere crampe rynges, y^e which rynges worne on one's finger doth helpe +them whych hath the crampe:" and again, in his _Breviary of Health_, 1557, +f. 166., mentions as a remedy against the cramp, "The kynge's majestie hath +a great helpe in this matter, in halowing crampe ringes, and so given +without money or petition." + +A curious remnant or corruption of the use of cramp rings is given by Mr. +G. Rokewode, who says that in Suffolk "the use of cramp rings, as a +preservative against fits, is not entirely abandoned. Instances occur where +nine young men of a parish each subscribe a crooked sixpence, to be moulded +into a ring, for a young woman afflicted with this malady." (_History, +&c._, 1838, Introd. p. xxvi.) + +CEYREP. + + * * * * * + +TURNER'S VIEW OF LAMBETH PALACE. + +(Vol. vii., p. 15.) + +L. E. X. inquires respecting the first work exhibited by the late J. M. W. +Turner, R.A. The statement of the newspaper referred to was correct. The +first work exhibited by Turner was a water-colour drawing of Lambeth +Palace, and afterwards presented by him to a gentleman of this city, long +since deceased. It is now in the possession of that gentleman's daughter, +an elderly lady, who attaches no little importance to it. The fact is, that +Mr. Turner, when young, was a frequent visitor at her father's house, and +on such terms that her father lent Mr. Turner a horse to go on a sketching +tour through South Wales. This lady has also three or four other drawings +made at that time by Turner,--one a view of Stoke Bishop, near Bristol, +then the seat of Sir Henry Lippincott, Bart., which he made as a companion +to the Lambeth Palace; another is a small portrait of Turner by himself, of +course when a youth. As the early indications of so great an artist, these +drawings are very curious and interesting; but no person that knows +anything of the state of water-colour painting at that period, and previous +to the era when Turner, Girtin, and others began to shine out in that new +and glorious style, that has since brought water-colour works to their +present style of splendour, excellence, and value, will expect anything +approaching the perfection of latter days. + +J. WALTER, Marine Painter. + +28. Trinity Street, Bristol. + +Whether or not the work deemed by L. E. X. to be the first exhibited by +Turner may have been in water-colours, or be still in existence, I leave to +other replicants, availing myself of the occasion to ask him or you, +whether in 1787 two works of W. Turner, at Mr. G. Turner's, Walthamstow, +"No. 471. Dover Castle," "No. 601. Wanstead House," were not, in fact, his +first tilt in that arena of which he was the champion at the hour of his +{90} death? Whether in the two following years he appeared at all in the +ring; and, if not, why not? although in the succeeding 1790 he again threw +down the glaive in the "No. 644. The Archbishop's Palace, Lambeth," being +then set down as "_T._ W. Turner;" reappearing in 1791 as "W. Turner, of +Maiden Lane, Covent Garden," with "No. 494. King John's Palace, Eltham;" +"No. 560. Sweakley, near Uxbridge." In the horizon of art (strange to say, +and yet to be explained!) this luminary glows no more till 1808, when he +had "on the line" (?) several views of Fonthill, as well as the "Tenth +Plague of Egypt," purchased of course by the proprietor of that princely +mansion, as it is found mentioned in Warner's _Walks near Bath_ to be that +same year adorning the walls of one of the saloons. + +J. H. A. + + * * * * * + +ETYMOLOGICAL TRACES OF THE SOCIAL POSITION OF OUR ANCESTORS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 13.) + +I was preparing to answer your correspondent E. S. TAYLOR by a reference to +the conversation between Gurth and Wamba, _Ivanhoe_, chap. i., when a +friend promised to supply me with some additional and fuller information. I +copy from a MS. note that he has placed in my hands: + + "Nec quidem temerè contigisse puto quod animalia viva nominibus + Germanicæ originis vocemus, quorum tamen carnem in cibum paratam + originis Gallicæ nominibus appellamus; puta,--bovem, vaccam, vitulum, + ovem, porcum, aprum, feram, etc. (an ox, a cow, a calf, a sheep, a hog, + a boar, a deer, &c.); sed carnem bubulam, vitulinam, ovinam, porcinam, + aprugnam, ferinam, etc. (beef, veal, mutton, pork, brawn, venison, &c.) + Sed hinc id ortum putaverim, quod Normanni milites pascuis, caulis, + haris, locisque quibus vivorum animalium cura agebatur, parcius se + immiscuerint[8] (quæ itaque antiqua nomina retinuerunt) quam macellis, + culinis, mensis, epulis, ubi vel parabantur vel habebantur cibi, qui + itaque nova nomina ab illis sunt adepti."--Preface to Dr. Wallis's + _Grammatica Linguæ Anglicanæ_, 1653, quoted by Winning, _Comparative + Philology_, p. 270. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + +[Footnote 8: "immiscuerint" corrected from "immiscuerunt" by erratum in +Issue 170.--Transcriber.] + +If your correspondent E. S. TAYLOR will refer to the romance of _Ivanhoe_, +he will find in the first chapter a dialogue between Wamba the son of +Witless, and Gurth the son of Beowulph, wherein the subject is fully +discussed as to the change of names consequent on the transmutation of live +stock, under the charge of Saxon herdsmen, into materials for satisfying +the heroic appetites of their Norman rulers. It would be interesting to +know the source from whence Sir Walter Scott derived his ideas on this +subject: whether from some previous writer, or "some odd corner of the +brain." + +A. R. X. + +Paisley. + +See Trench _On Study of Words_ (3rd edit.), p. 65. + +P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. + +MR. TAYLOR will find in Pegge's _Anonymiana_, Cent. i. 38., and Cent. vii. +95., allusion to what he inquires after. + +THOS. LAWRENCE. + + * * * * * + +GOLDSMITHS' YEAR-MARKS. + +(Vol. vi., p. 604.) + +In answer to MR. LIVETT'S Query, as to the marks or letters employed by the +Goldsmiths' Company to denote the year in which the plate was +"hall-marked," I subjoin a list of such as I am acquainted with, and which +might with a little trouble be traced to an earlier period: I have also +added a few notes relating to the subject generally, which may interest +many of your readers. + +In the year 1596, the Roman capital A was used; in 1597, B; and so on +alphabetically for twenty years, which would bring us to the letter U, +denoting the year 1615: the alphabet finishing every twenty years with the +letter U or V. The next year, 1616, commences with the Old English letter +[Old English A], and is continued for another twenty years in the Old +English capitals. In 1636 is introduced another alphabet, called Court +alphabet. + + From 1656 to 1675 inclusive, Old English capitals. + 1676 to 1695 " Small Roman letters. + 1696 to 1715 " The Court alphabet. + 1716 to 1735 " Roman capitals. + 1736 to 1755 " Small Roman letters. + 1756 to 1775 " Old English capitals. + 1776 to 1795 " Small Roman letters. + 1796 to 1815 " Roman capitals. + 1816 to 1835 " Small Roman letters. + 1836 to 1855 " Old English capitals. + +The letter for the present year, 1853, being [Old English S]. + +In this list it will appear difficult, at first sight, in looking at a +piece of plate to ascertain its age, to determine whether it was +manufactured between the years 1636 and 1655, or between 1696 and 1715, the +Court hand being used in both these cycles: but (as will presently be +mentioned) instead of the lion passant and leopard's head in the former, we +shall find the lion's head erased, and Britannia, denoting the alteration +of the standard during the latter period. + +The standard of gold, when first introduced into the coinage, was of 24 +carats fine; that is, pure gold. Subsequently, it was 23½ and half alloy; +this, after an occasional debasement by Henry VIII., was fixed at 22 carats +fine and 2 carats alloy by Charles I.; and still continues so, being {91} +called the old standard. In 1798 an act was passed allowing gold articles +to be made of a lower or worse standard, viz., of 18 carats of fine gold +out of 24; such articles were to be stamped with a crown and the figures +18, instead of the lion passant. + +The standard of silver has always (with the exception of about twenty +years) been 11 oz. 2 dwts., and 18 dwts. alloy, in the pound: this was +termed _sterling_, but very much debased from the latter end of Henry VIII. +to the beginning of Elizabeth's reign. In the reign of William III., 1697, +an act was passed to alter the standard of silver to 11 oz. 10 dwts., and +10 dwts. alloy: and instead of the usual marks of the lion and leopard's +head, the stamps of this better quality of silver were the figure of a +lion's head erased, and the figure of Britannia: and the variable letter +denoting the date as before. This act continued in operation for twenty-two +years, being repealed in 1719, when the standard was again restored. + +A duty of sixpence per ounce was imposed upon plate in 1719, which was +taken off again in 1757; in lieu of which, a licence or duty of forty +shillings was paid by every vendor of gold or silver. In 1784, a duty of +sixpence per ounce was again imposed, and the licence still continued: +which in 1797 was increased to one shilling, and in 1815 to +eighteenpence--at which it still remains. The payment of this duty is +indicated by the stamp of the sovereign's head. + +All gold plate, with the exception of watch-cases, pays a duty of seventeen +shillings per ounce; and silver plate one shilling and sixpence; +watch-cases, chains, and a few other articles being exempted. + +The letters used as dates in the foregoing list (it must be remembered) are +only those of the Goldsmiths' Hall in London, as denoted by the leopard's +head crowned. Other Halls, at York, Newcastle, Lincoln, Norwich, Bristol, +Salisbury, and Coventry, had also marks of their own to show the year; and +have stamped gold and silver since the year 1423, perhaps earlier. +Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin have had the same privilege from a very +early period: and, more recently, Chester, Birmingham, and Sheffield. Thus +it will be seen that four marks or punches are used on gold and silver +plate, independent of the makers' initials or symbol, viz.: + +_The Standard Mark._--For gold of the old standard of 22 carats, and silver +of 11 oz. 2 dwts.: + + A lion passant for England. + A thistle for Edinburgh. + A lion rampant for Glasgow. + A harp crowned for Ireland. + +For gold of 18 carats: + + A crown, and the figures 18. + +For silver of 11 oz. 10 dwts.: + + A lion's head erased, and Britannia. + +_The Hall Mark._-- + + A leopard's head crowned for London. + A castle for Edinburgh. + Hibernia for Dublin. + Five lions and a cross for York. + A castle for Exeter. + Three wheatsheaves and a dagger for Chester. + Three castles for Newcastle. + An anchor for Birmingham. + A crown for Sheffield. + A tree and fish for Glasgow. + +_The Duty Mark._--The head of the sovereign, to indicate that the duty has +been paid: this mark is not placed on watch-cases, &c. + +_The Date Mark_, or variable letter, denoting the year as fixed by each +Hall. + +W. CHAFFERS, Jun. + +Old Bond Street. + +The table inquired for by MR. LIVETT, with a most interesting historical +paper on the subject, was published in the last _Archæological Journal_, +October, 1852. + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + + * * * * * + +EDITIONS OF THE PRAYER-BOOK PRIOR TO 1662. + +(Vol. vi., pp. 435. 564.; Vol. vii., p. 18.) + +Since the publication of the professedly imperfect list of various editions +of the Prayer-Book, at page 564. of your last volume, which list was +compiled chiefly from liturgical works in my own possession, I have had +occasion to consult the _Catalogue_ of the British Museum, from which I +have gleaned materials for a more full and correct enumeration. All the +editions in the following list are in the library of the British Museum; +and in order to increase its value and utility, I have appended to each +article the press-mark by which it is now designated. In some of these +press-marks a numeral is subscript, thus: + + C. 25. h. 7. + ------------ + 1 + +In order to save space I have represented this in the following list thus, +(C. 25. h. 7) 1., putting the subscript numeral outside the parenthesis. + + 1552. (?) 4to. B. L. N. Hyll for A. Veale. (3406. c.) + 1573. (?) fol. R. Jugge. (C. 24. m. 5.) 1. + 1580. (?) 8vo. Portion of Prayer-Book. (3406. a.) + 1584. 4to. Portion of Prayer-Book. (1274. b. 9.) + 1595. fol. Deputies of Ch. Barker. (C. 25. m. 5.) 2. + 1596. 4to. (C. 25 h. 7.) 1. + 1598. fol. (C. 25. 1. 10.) 1. + 1603. (?) 4to. Imperfect. (1275. b. 11.) 1. + 1611. 4to. (1276. e 4.) 1. + 1612. 8vo. (3406. a.) + 1613. 4to. (3406. c.) + {92} + 1614. 4to. Portion of Prayer-Book. (3406. c.) 1. + 1615. Fol. (3406. e.) 1. + 4to. (1276. e. 8.) 1. + 1616. Fol. (1276. k. 3.) 1. + Fol. (1276. k. 4.) 1. + 1618. 4to. Portion of Prayer-Book. (3407. c.) + 1619. Fol. (3406. e.) 1. + 1628. 8vo. (3050. a.) 1. + 1629. 4to. (1276. f. 3.) 1. + 1630-29. Fol. (3406. e.) 1. + 1631. 4to. (1276. f. 1.) 1. + 1633. 12mo. (3405. a.) 1. + 8vo. (1276. b. 14.) 1. + 1633-34. Fol. (3406. f.) (With the "Form of Healing," two leaves.) + 1634. 8vo. (3406. b.) 1. + 1636. 4to. (1276. f. 4.) 2. + 1639. 8vo. (3050. b.) 1. + 8vo. (1274. a. 14.) 1. + 1642. (?) 8vo. (1276. c. 2.) 3. + 1642. 12mo. (3405. a.) + 1660. 12mo. (3406. b.) 1. + +In Latin we have an early copy in addition to those already noted, viz.: + + 1560. Reg. Wolfe. 4to. (3406. c.) + +Of which the British Museum possesses two copies of the same press-mark, +one of which is enriched with MS. notes and sixteen cancelled leaves. +Besides the above we have also + + 1589. 8vo. London. In French. + 1599. 4to. London. Deputies of Ch. Barker. In Welsh. + +Allow me to take this opportunity of thanking ARCHDEACON COTTON for his +very valuable communication. I trust that he and others of your many +learned readers will lend a helping hand to the correction of this list, +and its ultimate completion; the notice of the editions of 1551 and 1617 +(Vol. vii., p. 18.) is as interesting as it is important. It will be +perceived that editions of the Prayer-Book referred to in former lists are +not enumerated in the present one. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC NOTES AND QUERIES. + +_Originator of the Collodion Process._--All those who take any interest in +photography must agree with your correspondent G. C. that M. Le Gray is a +talented man, and has done much for photography. G. C. has given a very +good translation of M. Le Gray's _last published work_, p. 89., which work +I have: but I must take leave to observe, that it is no contradiction +whatever to my statement. The translations to which M. Le Gray alludes, of +1850, appeared in Willat's publication, from which I gave him the credit of +having first suggested the use of collodion in photography. The subject is +there dismissed in three or four lines. + +M. Le Gray gave no directions whatever for its application to glass in his +work published in July 1851, wherein he alludes to it only as an +"encallage" for paper, classing it with amidou, the resins, &c., which he +recommends in a similar manner. + +I had, four months previous to this, published the process in detail in the +_Chemist_. I never asserted that he had not tried experiments with +collodion in 1849; but he did not give the public the advantage of +following him: and I again repeat that the first time M. Le Gray published +the collodion process was in September, 1852,--a year and a half after my +publication, and when it had become much used. + +It is obvious that if M. Le Gray had been in possession of any detailed +process with collodion on glass in 1850, he would not have omitted to +publish it in his work dated July, 1851. + +F. SCOTT ARCHER. + +105. Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. + +G. C., claiming for Le Gray the merit of the first use of collodion upon +glass, states that a pamphlet upon the subject was published in 1850, and +which was _translated into English at the same time_. Will he oblige me by +stating who published this pamphlet, or where it may be obtained? I have +heard this statement before, and have used every endeavour to obtain a +sight of the publication, but without success. Were the facts as stated by +your correspondent, it would deprive MR. ARCHER undoubtedly of the merit +which he claims; but from all I have been able to learn, Le Gray mentioned +collodion as a mere agent for obtaining a smooth surface to paper, or other +substance, having no idea of making it the sole sensitive substance to be +employed. I have been informed that in Vienna, early in 1850, collodion was +tried upon glass by being first immersed in a bath of iodide of potassium; +and it was afterwards placed in a second bath of nitrate of silver. These +experiments had _very limited_ success, and were never published, and +certainly were unknown to MR. ARCHER. + +H. W. D. + +_Mr. Weld Taylor's Process._--In your 167th Number (Vol. vii., p. 48.) is a +communication from WELD TAYLOR on photographic manipulation, which, in its +present form, is perfectly unintelligible. At p. 48. he says: "Twenty +grains of nitrate of silver in half an ounce of water is to have half an +ounce of solution of iodide of potassium of fifty grains to the ounce +added." Now this is unnecessarily mystifying. Why not say: "Take equal +quantities of a forty-grain solution of nitrate of silver, and of a +fifty-grain solution of iodide of potassium;" though, in fact, an _equal_ +strength would do as well, and be quite as, if not more, economical. + +In the next place, he directs that cyanide of potassium should be added +_drop by drop_, &c. It {93} is to be presumed that he means a _solution_ of +this salt, which is a solid substance as usually sold. + +What follows is so exceedingly droll, that I can do nothing more than +_guess_ at the meaning. How one _solution_ is to be floated on another, and +then, _after_ a bath of nitrate of silver, is to be _ready for the camera_, +surpasses my comprehension. + +Also, further on, he alludes to _iodizing_ with the _ammonio-nitrate_ (I +presume of silver). What does he mean? + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Dr. Diamond's Services to Photography._--SIR, We, the undersigned amateurs +of Photography in the city of Norwich, shall be obliged if you will +(privately, or otherwise, at your own discretion) convey to DR. DIAMOND our +grateful thanks for the frankness and liberality with which he has +published the valuable results of his experiments in the pages of "N. & Q." +We have profited largely by DR. DIAMOND'S instructions, and beg to express +our conviction that he is entitled to the gratitude of every lover of the +Art. + + We are, Sir, + Your obedient servants, + T. LAWSON SISSON, Clk., (Edingthorpe Rectory). + THOS. D. EATON. + JOHN CROSSE KOOPE. + JAMES HOWES. + T.G. BAYFIELD. + G. BROWNFIELD. + HENRY PULLEY. + W. BRANSBY FRANCIS. + J. BLOWERS (Cossey). + BENJ. RUSSELL. + + [Agreeing, as we do most entirely, with the Photographers of Norwich in + their estimate of the skill and perseverance exhibited by DR. DIAMOND + in simplifying the collodion and paper processes, and of his liberality + in making known the results of his experiments, we have great pleasure + in giving publicity to this recognition of the services rendered by DR. + DIAMOND to this important Art.] + +_Simplification of the Wax-paper Process._--At a late meeting of the +Chemical Discussion Society, Mr. J. How read the following paper on this +subject:-- + +"The easiest way of waxing the paper is to take an iron (those termed +'box-irons' are the cleanest and best for the purpose) moderately hot, in +the one hand, and to pass it over the paper from side to side, following +closely after it with a piece of white wax, held in the other hand, until +the whole surface has been covered. By thus heating the paper, it readily +imbibes the wax, and becomes rapidly saturated with it. The first sheet +being finished, I place two more sheets of plain paper upon it, and repeat +the operation upon the top one (the intermediate piece serving to absorb +any excess of wax that may remain), and so on, sheet after sheet, until the +number required is waxed. + +"The sheets, which now form a compact mass, are separated by passing the +iron, moderately heated, over them; then placed between folds of bibulous +paper, and submitted to a further application of heat by the means just +described, so as to remove all the superfluous wax from the surface, and +render them perfectly transparent--most essential points to be attended to +in order to obtain fine negative proofs. + +"I will now endeavour to describe the method of preparing the iodizing +solution. + +"Instead of being at the trouble of boiling rice, preparing isinglass, +adding sugar of milk and the whites of eggs, &c., I simply take some milk +quite fresh, say that milked the same day, and add to it, drop by drop, +glacial acetic acid, in about the proportion of one, or one and a half +drachm, fluid measure, to the quart, which will separate the caseine, +keeping the mixture well stirred with a glass rod all the time; I then boil +it in a porcelain vessel to throw down the remaining caseine not previously +coagulated, and also to drive off as much as possible of the superfluous +acid it may contain. Of course any other acid would precipitate the +caseine; still I give the preference to the acetic from the fact that it +does not affect the after-process of rendering the paper sensitive, that +acid entering into the composition of the sensitive solution. + +"After boiling for five or ten minutes, the liquid should be allowed to +cool, and then be strained through a hair sieve or a piece of muslin, to +collect the caseine: when quite cold, the chemicals are to be added. + +"The proportions I have found to yield the best results are those +recommended by Vicomte Veguz, which I have somewhat modified, both as +regard quantities and the number of chemicals employed. They are as follow: + + 385 grains of iodide of potassium. + 60 " of bromide. + 30 " of cyanide. + 20 " of fluoride. + 10 " of chloride of sodium in crystals. + 1½ " of resublimed iodine. + +"The above are dissolved in thirty-five ounces of the strained liquid, and, +after filtration through white bibulous paper, the resulting fluid should +be perfectly clear and of a bright lemon colour. + +"The iodized solution is now ready for use, and may be preserved, in +well-stopped bottles, for any length of time. + +"The waxed paper is laid in the solution, in a flat porcelain or gutta +percha tray, in the manner described by M. Le Gray and others, and allowed +to remain there for from half an hour to an hour, according to the +thickness of the paper. It is then taken out and hung up to dry, when it +should be of a light brown colour. All these operations may be carried on +in a light room, taking care only that, during the latter part of the +process, {94} the paper be not exposed to the direct rays of the sun. + +"The 'iodized paper,' which will keep for almost any length of time, should +be placed in a portfolio, great care being taken to lay it perfectly flat, +otherwise the wax is liable to crack, and thus spoil the beauty of the +negative. The papers manufactured by Canson Frères and Lacroix are far +preferable, for this process, to any of the English kinds, being much +thinner and of a very even texture. + +"To render the paper sensitive, use the following solution: + + 150 grains nitrate of silver crystals. + 3 fluid drachms glacial acetic acid, crystallizable. + 5 ounces distilled water. + +"This solution is applied in the way described by Le Gray, the marked side +of the paper being towards the exciting fluid. The paper is washed in +distilled water and dried, as nearly as possible, between folds of bibulous +paper. It should be kept, till required for the camera, in a portfolio, +between sheets of stout blotting-paper, carefully protected from the +slightest ray of light, and from the action of atmospheric air. If prepared +with any degree of nicety, it will remain sensitive for two or three weeks: +indeed I have seen some very beautiful results on paper which had been kept +for a period of six weeks. At this time of year, an exposure in the camera +of from ten to twenty minutes is requisite. + +"The picture may be developed with gallic acid, immediately after its +removal from the camera; or, if more convenient, that part of the process +may be delayed for several days. Whilst at this section of my paper, I may, +perhaps, be allowed to describe a method of preparing the solution of +gallic acid, whereby it may be kept, in a good state of preservation, for +several months. I have kept it myself for four months, and have found it, +after the lapse of that period, infinitely superior to the newly-made +solution. This process has, I am informed, been alluded to in photographic +circles; but not having seen it in print, and presuming the fact to be one +of great practical importance, I trust I shall be excused for introducing +it here, should it not possess that degree of novelty I attribute to it. + +"What is generally termed a saturated solution of gallic acid is, I am led +to believe, nothing of the kind. In all the works on photography, the +directions given run generally as follow:--'Put an excess of gallic acid +into distilled water, shake the mixture for about five minutes, allow it to +deposit, and then pour off the supernatant fluid, which is found to be a +saturated solution of the acid.' + +"Now I have found by constant experiment, that by keeping an excess of acid +in water for several days, the strength of the solution is greatly +increased, and its action as a developing agent materially improved. The +method I have adopted is to put half an ounce of crystallized gallic acid +into a stoppered quart bottle, and then so to fill it up with water as +that, when the stopper is inserted, a little of the water is displaced, +and, consequently, every particle of air excluded. + +"The solution thus prepared will keep for several months. When a portion of +it is required, the bottle should be refilled with fresh distilled water, +the same care being taken to exclude every portion of atmospheric air,--to +the presence of which I am led to believe, is due the decomposition of the +ordinary solution of gallic acid. + +"It will be needless to detain you further in explaining the +after-processes, &c. to be found in any of the recent works on the +Waxed-paper Process, the translation of the last edition of Le Gray being +the one to which I give the preference." + + * * * * * + +THE BURIAL SERVICE SAID BY HEART. + +(Vol. vii., p. 13.) + +Southey has confounded two stories in conjecturing that the anecdote +mentioned by Bp. Sprat related to Bull. It was the _baptismal_ and not the +_funeral_ service that Bull repeated from memory. + +I quote from his _Life_ by Robert Nelson: + + "A particular instance of this happened to him while he was minister of + St. George's (near Bristol); which, because it showeth how valuable the + Liturgy is in itself, and what unreasonable prejudices are sometimes + taken up against it, the reader will not, I believe, think it unworthy + to be related. + + "He was sent for to baptize the child of a Dissenter in his parish; + upon which occasion, he made use of the office of Baptism as prescribed + by the Church of England, which he had got entirely by heart. And he + went through it with so much readiness and freedom and yet with so much + gravity and devotion, and gave that life and spirit to all that he + delivered, that the whole audience was extremely affected with his + performance; and, notwithstanding that he used the sign of the cross, + yet they were so ignorant of the offices of the Church, that they did + not thereby discover that it was the Common Prayer. But after that he + had concluded that holy action, the father of the child returned him a + great many thanks; intimating at the same time with how much greater + edification they prayed who entirely depended upon the Spirit of God + for his assistance in their _extempore_ effusions, than those did who + tied themselves up to premeditated forms; and that, if he had not made + the sign of the cross, that badge of Popery, as he called it, nobody + could have formed the least objection against his excellent Prayers. + Upon which, Mr. Bull, hoping to recover him from his ill-grounded + prejudices, showed him the office of Baptism in the Liturgy, wherein + was contained every prayer that was offered up to God on that occasion; + which, with farther arguments that he then urged, so effectually {95} + wrought upon the good man and his whole family, that they always after + that time frequented the parish-church; and never more absented + themselves from Mr. Bull's communion."--Pp. 39--41., Lond. 1714, 8vo. + +Some few dates will prove that Bull could not have been the person alluded +to. Bp. Sprat's _Discourse to the Clergy of his Diocese_ was delivered in +the Year 1695. And he speaks of the minister of the London parish as one +who "was afterwards an eminent Bishop of our Church." We must therefore +suppose him to have been _dead_ at the time of Bp. Sprat's visitation. Now, +in the first place (as J. K. remarks), "Bull never held a London cure." +And, in the second place, he was not consecrated Bishop until the 29th of +April, 1705 (ten years after Bp. Sprat's visitation), and did not die until +Feb. 1709-10. (_Life_, pp. 410--474.) + +Southey's conjecture is therefore fatally wrong. And now as regards Bp. +Hacket. The omission of the anecdote from the _Life_ prefixed to his +_Sermons_ must, I think, do away with his claims also, though he was +restored to his parish of St. Andrew's, Holborn, and was not consecrated +Bishop of Lichfield until December, 1661. Unfortunately, I have not always +followed Captain Cuttle's advice, or I should now be able to contribute +some more decisive information. I have my own suspicions on the matter, but +am afraid to guess in print. + +RT. + +Warmington. + +The prelate to whom your correspondent alludes was Dr. John Hacket, Rector +of St. Andrews, Holborn, cons. to the see of Lichfield and Coventry on +December 22, 1661. The anecdote was first related by Granger. (Chalmers's +_Biog. Dict._, vol. xvii. p. 7.) + +Bishop Bull, while rector of St. George's near Bristol, said the Baptismal +Office by heart on one occasion. (Nelson's _Life_, i. § ix. p. 34.; +_Works_, Oxford, 1827.) + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Mary Queen of Scots' Gold Cross_ (Vol. vi., p. 486.).-- + + "Would it not facilitate the identification of the Gold Cross of Mary + Queen of Scotts, in the possession of Mr. Price of Glasgow, if a + representation of it was sent to _The Illustrated London News_, as the + publication of it by that Journal would lead antiquaries to the + identification of a valuable historical relic?" + +I hope you will insert the above in "N. & Q." in the hope it may meet the +eye of MR. PRICE, and lead to a satisfactory result. + +W. H. C. + +_Jennings Family_ (Vol. vi., p. 362.).--This family is supposed to have +continued from some time in Cornwall, after the Visitation of 1620; but the +name is not now found there in any great respectability. William Jennings +of Saltash was sheriff of Cornwall, 1678; but his arms differ from those of +the Visitation: argent, a chevron gules between three mariners, plumets +sable. + +Francis Jennnings, who recorded the pedigree of 1620, married the daughter +of _Spoure_ of Trebartha; and in a MS. book of that family, compiled about +the latter part of the seventeenth century, the same arms, strange to say, +are stated to be his, and not the lion rampant of the Jennings of +Shropshire. This seems to support the hypothesis that William Jennings, the +sheriff, was the same family. The _Spoure_ MSS. also mention "Ursula, +sister of Sir William Walrond of Bradfield, Devon, who married first, +William Jennings of _Plymouth_ (query, the sheriff?), and afterwards the +Rev. William Croker, Rector of Wolfrey (Wolfardisworthy?) Devon." + +PERCURIOSUS. + +_Adamson's "England's Defence"_ (Vol. vi., p. 580.) is well worth attention +at the present time; as is also its synopsis before publication, annexed to +_Stratisticos, by John Digges, Muster Master_, &c., 4to., 1590, and filling +pp. 369. to 380. of that curious work, showing the wisdom of our ancestors +on the subject of invasion by foreigners. + +E. D. + +_Chief Justice Thomas Wood_ (Vol. vii., p. 14.).--In Berry's _Hampshire +Visitation_ (p. 71.), Thomas Wood is mentioned as having married a daughter +of Sir Thomas de la More, and as having had a daughter named Elizabeth, who +married Sir Thomas Stewkley of Aston, Devon, knight. + +I am as anxious as N. C. L. to know something about Thomas Wood's lineage; +and shall be obliged by his telling me where it is said that he built Hall +O'Wood. + +EDWARD FOSS. + +_Aldiborontiphoscophornio_ (Vol. vii., p. 40.).--This euphonious and +formidable name will be found in _The Most Tragical Tragedy that ever was +Tragidized by any Company of Tragedians_, viz., _Chrononhotonthologos_, +written by "Honest merry Harry Carey," who wrote also _The Dragon of +Wantley_, a burlesque opera (founded on the old ballad of that name), _The +Dragoness_ (a sequel to _The Dragon_), &c. &c. While the public were +applauding his dramatic drolleries and beautiful ballads (of which the most +beautiful is "Sally in our Alley"), their unhappy author, in a fit of +despondency, destroyed himself at his lodgings in Warner Street, +Clerkenwell. There is an engraving by Faber, in 1729, of Harry Carey, from +a painting by Worsdale (the celebrated Jemmy!); which is rare. + +GEORGE DANIEL. + + [We are indebted to several other correspondents for replies to the + Query of F. R. S.] + +{96} + +_Statue of St Peter at Rome_ (Vol. vi., p. 604.).--This well-known bronze +statue is falsely stated to be a Jupiter converted. It is very far from +being true, though popularly it passes as truth, that the statue in +question is the ancient statue of Jupiter Capitolinus, with certain +alterations. + +Another commonly-received opinion regarding this statue is, that it was +cast for a St. Peter, _but of the metal of the statue of Jupiter +Capitolinus_. But this can scarcely be true, for Martial informs us that in +his own time the statue of the Capitoline Jupiter was not of bronze but of +_gold_. + + "Scriptus et æterno nunc primum Jupiter _auro_." + Lib. xi. Ep. iv. + +Undoubtedly the statue was cast for a St. Peter. It was cast in the time of +St. Leo the Great (440-461), and belonged to the ancient church of St. +Peter's. St. Peter has the nimbus on his head; the first two fingers of the +right hand are raised in the act of benediction; the left hand holds the +keys, and the right foot projects from the pedestal. The statue is seated +on a pontifical chair of white marble. + +CEYREP. + +_Old Silver Ornament_ (Vol. vi., p. 602.).--This ornament is very probably +what your correspondent infers it is,--a portion of some military +accoutrement: if so, it may have appertained to some Scotch regiment. It +represents precisely the badge worn by the baronets of Nova Scotia, the +device upon which was the saltier of St. Andrew, with the royal arms of +Scotland on an escutcheon in the centre; the whole surrounded by the motto, +and ensigned with the royal crown. The insignia of the British orders of +knighthood are frequently represented in the ornaments upon the military +accoutrements of the present day. + +EBOR. + +"_Plurima, pauca, nihil_," (Vol. vi., p. 511.).--A correspondent asks for +the first part of an epigram which ends with the words "plurima, pauca, +nihil." He is referred to an epigram of Martial, which _I_ cannot find. But +I chance to remember two epigrams which were affixed to the statue of +Pasquin at Rome, in the year 1820, upon two Cardinals who were candidates +for the Popedom. They run as follows, and are smart enough to be worth +preserving: + + "PASQUINALIA. + + "Sit bonus, et fortasse pius--sed semper ineptus-- + Vult, meditatur, agit, _plurima, pauca, nihil_." + + "IN ALTERUM. + + "Promittit, promissa negat, ploratque negata, + Hæc tria si junges, quis neget esse Petrum." + +A. BORDERER. + +_"Pork-pisee" and "Wheale"_ (Vol. vi., p. 579.).--Has not MR. WARDE, in his +second quotation, copied the word wrongly--"pork-pisee" for pork-_pesse_? A +porpoise is the creature alluded to; or _porpesse_, as some modern +naturalists spell it. "Wheale" evidently means _whey_: the former +expression is probably a provincialism. + +JAYDEE. + +_Did the Carians use Heraldic Devices?_ (Vol. vi., p. 556.).--Perhaps the +following, from an heraldic work of Dr. Bernd, professor at the University +of Bonn, may serve to answer the Queries of MR. BOOKER. + +Herodotus ascribes the first use, or, as he expresses it, the invention of +signs on shields, which we call arms, and of the supporter or handle of the +shield, which till then had been suspended by straps from the neck, as well +as of the tuft of feathers or horse-hair on the helmet, to the Carians; in +which Strabo agrees with him, and, as far as regards the supporters and +crest, Ælian also: + + "Herodot schrieb den ersten Gebrauch, oder wie er sich ausdrückt, die + Erfindung der Zeichen auf Schilden, die wir Wappen nennen, wie auch der + Halter oder Handhaben an den Schilden, die bis dahin nur an Riemen um + den Nacken getragen wurden, und die Büsche von Federn oder Rosshaaren + auf den Helmen, den Cariern zu, worin ihm Strabo (_Geogr._ 14. I. § + 27.), und was die Handhaben und Helmbüsche betrifft, auch Ælian (_Hist. + Animal._ 12. 30.), beistimmen."--Bernd's _Wappenwissen der Griechen und + Römer_, p. 4. Bonn, 1841. + +On Thucydides i. 8., where mention is made of Carians disinterred by the +Athenians in the island of Delos, the scholiast, evidently referring to the +passage cited by MR. BOOKER, says: + + [Greek: Kares prôtoi heuron tous omphalous tôn aspidôn, kai tous + lophous. tois oun apothnêskousi sunethapton aspidiskion mikron kai + lophon, sêmeion tês heureseôs.] + +From Plutarch's _Artaxerxes_ (10.) may be inferred, that the Carian +standard was a cock; for the king presented the Carian who slew Cyrus with +a golden one, to be thenceforth carried at the head of the troop. + +For full information on the heraldry of the ancients, your correspondent +can scarcely do better than consult the above-quoted work of Dr. Bernd. + +JOHN SCOTT. + +Norwich. + +_Herbert Family_ (Vol. vi., p. 473.).--The celebrated picture of Lord +Herbert of Cherbury by Isaac Oliver, at Penshurst, represents him with a +small swarthy countenance, dark eyes, very dark black hair, and mustachios. +All the Herberts whom I have seen are dark-complexioned and black-haired. +This is the family badge, quite as much as the unmistakeable nose in the +descendants of John of Gaunt. + +E. D. + +_Children crying at Baptism_ (Vol. vi., p. 601.).--I am inclined to suspect +that the idea of its being lucky for a child to cry at baptism arose {97} +from the custom of _exorcism_, which was retained in the Anglican Church in +the First Prayer-Book of King Edward VI., and is still commonly observed in +the baptismal services of the Church of Rome. When the devil was going out +of the possessed person, he was supposed to do so with reluctance: "The +spirit cried, and rent him sore, and came out of him: and he was as one +dead; insomuch that many said, He is dead." (St. Mark, ix. 26.) The tears +and struggles of the infant would therefore be a convincing proof that the +Evil One had departed. In Ireland (as every clergyman knows) nurses will +decide the matter by pinching the baby, rather than allow him to remain +silent and unlachrymose. + +RT. + +Warmington. + +_Americanisms_ (Vol. vi., p. 554.).--The word _bottom_, applied as your +correspondent UNEDA remarks, is decidedly an English provincialism, of +constant use now in the clothing districts of Gloucestershire, which are +called "The Bottoms," whether mills are situated there or not. + +E. D. + +_Dutch Allegorical Picture_ (Vol. vi., p. 457.).--In the account I gave you +of this picture I omitted one of the inscriptions, which I but just +discovered; and as the picture appears to have excited some interest in +Holland (my account of it having been translated into Dutch[9], in the +_Navorscher_), I send you this further supplemental notice. + +I described a table standing under the window, on the left-hand side of the +room, containing on the end nearest to the spectator, not two pewter +flagons, as I at first thought, but one glass and one pewter flagon. On the +end of this table, which is presented to the spectator, is an inscription, +which, as I have said, had hitherto escaped my notice, having been +partially concealed by the frame--a modern one, not originally intended for +this picture, and partly obscured by dirt which had accumulated in the +corner. I can now make out very distinctly the following words, with the +date, which fixes beyond a question the age of the picture: + + "Hier moet men gissen + Glasen te wasser + Daer in te pissen + En soú niet passen. + 1659." + +I may also mention, that the floor of the chamber represented in the +picture is formed of large red and blue square tiles; and that the folio +book standing on end, with another lying horizontally on the top of it, +which I said in my former description to be standing on the end of the +table, under the window, is, I now see, standing not on the table, but on +the floor, next to the chair of the grave and studious figure who sits in +the left-hand corner of the room. + +These corrections of my first description have been in a great measure the +result of a little soap and water applied with a sponge to the picture. + +JAMES H. TODD, D.D. + +Trin. Coll., Dublin. + +[Footnote 9: With some corrections in the reading of the inscriptions.] + +_Myles Coverdale_ (Vol. vi., p. 552.).--I have a print before me which is +intended to represent the exhumation of Coverdale's body. The following is +engraved beneath: + + "The Remains of Myles Coverdale, Bishop of Exeter, as they appeared in + the Chancel of the Church of St. Bartholomew, near the Exchange. Buried + Feb. 1569. Exhumed 23d Sept. 1840. + + Chabot, Zinco., Skinner Street." + +If I am not mistaken, his remains were carried to the church of St. Magnus, +near London Bridge, and re-interred. + +W. P. STORER. + +Olney, Bucks. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +One of the most beautifully got up cheap publications which we have seen +for a long time, is the new edition of Byron's _Poems_, just issued by Mr. +Murray. It consists of eight half-crown volumes, which may be separately +purchased, viz. Childe Harold, one volume; Tales and Poems, one volume; and +the Dramas, Miscellanies, and Don Juan, &c., severally in two volumes. Mr. +Murray has also made another important contribution to the cheap literature +of the day in the republication, in a cheap and compendious form, of the +various Journals of Sir Charles Fellows, during those visits to the East to +which we owe the acquisition of the Xanthian Marbles. The present edition +of his _Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, and more particularly in the +Province of Lycia_, as it embraces the substance of all Sir Charles's +various journals and pamphlets, and only omits the Greek and Lycian +inscriptions, and lists of plants and coins, and such plates as were not +capable of being introduced into the present volume, will, we have no +doubt, be acceptable to a very numerous class of readers, and takes its +place among the most interesting of the various popular narratives of +Eastern travel. + +Most of our readers will probably remember the memorable remark of Lord +Chancellor King, that "if the ancient discipline of the Church were lost, +it might be found in all its purity in the Isle of Man." Yet +notwithstanding this high eulogium on the character of the saintly Bishop +Wilson, it is painful to find that his celebrated work, _Sacra Privata_, +has hitherto been most unjustifiably treated and mutilated, as was noticed +in our last volume, p. 414. But here we have before us, in a beautifully +printed edition of this valuable work, the good bishop _himself_, what he +thought, and {98} what he wrote, in his _Private Meditations, Devotions, +and Prayers_, now for the first time printed from his original manuscripts +preserved in the library of Sion College, London. Much praise is due to the +editor for bringing this manuscript before the public, as well as for the +careful superintendence of the press; and we sincerely hope he will +continue his labours of research in Sion College as well as in other +libraries. + +There are doubtless many of our readers who echo Ben Jonson's wish that +Shakspeare had blotted many a line, referring of course to those +characteristic of the age, not of the man, which cannot be read aloud. To +all such, the announcement that Messrs. Longman have commenced the +publication in monthly volumes of a new edition of Bowdler's _Family +Shakspeare, in which nothing is added to the original text, but those words +and expressions are omitted which cannot with propriety be read in a +family_, will be welcome intelligence. The work is handsomely printed in +Five-Shilling Volumes, of which the first three are already published. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Memoirs of James Logan, a distinguished Scholar and +Christian Legislator, &c._, by Wilson Armistead. An interesting biography +of a friend of William Penn, and one of the most learned of the early +emigrants to the American Continent.--_Yule-Tide Stories, a Collection of +Scandinavian and North German Popular Tales and Traditions._ The name of +the editor, Mr. Benjamin Thorpe, is a sufficient guarantee for the value of +this new volume of Bohn's _Antiquarian Library_. In his _Philological +Library_, Mr. Bohn has published a new and enlarged edition of Mr. Dawson +W. Turner's _Notes on Herodotus_: while in his _Classical Library_ he has +given _The Pharsalia of Lucan literally translated into English Prose, with +Copious Notes_, by H. T. Riley, B.A.; and has enriched his _Scientific +Library_ by the publication of Dr. Chalmers's _Bridgewater Treatise on the +Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God, as manifested in the Adaption of +External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual Constitution of Man_, with +the author's last corrections, and a Biographical Preface by Dr. Cumming. + +_Photographic Manipulation._ _The Wax-paper Process of Gustave Le Gray_, +translated from the French, published by Knight & Sons; and _Hennah's +Directions for obtaining both Positive and Negative Pictures upon Glass by +means of the Collodion Process, &c._, published by Delatouche & Co., are +two little pamphlets which will repay the photographer for perusal, but are +deficient in that simplicity of process which is so much to be desired if +Photography is to be made more popular. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES + +WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +TOWNSEND'S PARISIAN COSTUMES. 3 Vols, 4to. 1831-1839. + +THE BOOK OF ADAM. + +THE TESTAMENTS OF THE TWELVE PATRIARCHS, THE SONS OF JACOB. + +MASSINGER'S PLAYS, by GIFFORD. Vol. IV. 8vo. Second Edition. 1813. + +SPECTATOR. Vols. V. and VII. 12mo. London, 1753. + +COSTERUS (FRANÇOIS) CINQUANTE MEDITATIONS DE TOUTE L'HISTOIRE DE LA PASSION +DE NOSTRE SEIGNEUR. 8vo. Anvers, Christ. Plantin. + +THE WORLD WITHOUT A SUN. + +GUARDIAN. 12mo. + +TWO DISCOURSES OF PURGATORY AND PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD, By WM. WAKE. 1687. + +WHAT THE CHARTISTS ARE. A Letter to English Working Men, by a +Fellow-Labourer. 12mo. London, 1848. + +LETTER OF CHURCH RATES, by RALPH BARNES. 8vo. London, 1837. + +COLMAN'S TRANSLATION OF HORACE DE ARTE POETICA. 4to. 1783. + +CASAUBON'S TREATISE ON GREEK AND ROMAN SATIRE. + +BOSCAWEN'S TREATISE ON SATIRE. London, 1797. + +JOHNSON'S LIVES (Walker's Classics). Vol. I. + +TITMARSH'S PARIS SKETCH-BOOK. Post 8vo. Vol. I. Macrone, 1840. + +FIELDING'S WORKS. Vol. XI. (being second of "Amelia.") 12mo. 1808. + +HOLCROFT'S LAVATER. Vol. I. 8vo. 1789. + +OTWAY. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. 1768. + +EDMONDSON'S HERALDRY. Vol. II. Folio, 1780. + +SERMONS AND TRACTS, by W. ADAMS, D.D. + +THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for January 1851. + +BEN JONSON'S WORKS. (London, 1716. 6 Vols.) Vol. II. wanted. + +RAPIN'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, 8vo. Vols. I., III. and V. of the CONTINUATION +by TINDAL. 1744. + +SHARPE'S PROSE WRITERS. Vol. IV. 21 Vols., 1819. Piccadilly. + +INCHBALD'S BRITISH THEATRE. Vol. XXIV. 25 Vols. Longman. + +MEYRICK'S ANCIENT ARMOUR, by SKELTON. Part XVI. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names._ + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +BACK NUMBERS. _Parties requiring Back Numbers are requested to make +immediate application for them; as the stock will shortly be made up into +Sets, and the sale of separate copies of the_ EARLY NUMBERS _will be +discontinued_. + +M. W. B._'s Note to_ J. B. _has been forwarded_. + +A. T. F. (Bristol.) _Our Correspondent's kind offer is declined, with +thanks._ + +SIGMA _is thanked: but he will see that we could not_ now _alter the size +of our volumes_. + +W. C. H. D. _will find, in our_ 6th Vol, pp. 312, 313., _his Query +anticipated. The reading will be found in Knight's_ Pictorial Shakspeare. + +H. E. _who asks who, what, and when_ Captain Cuttle _was? is informed that +he is a_ relation _of one of the most able writers of the day--Mr. Charles +Dickens. He was formerly in the Mercantile Marine, and a Skipper in the +service of the well-known house of_ Dombey and Son. + +MISTLETOE ON OAKS. O. S. R. _is referred to our_ 4th Volume, pp. 192. 226. +396. 462., _for information upon this point_. + +MR. SIMS _is thanked for his communication, which we will endeavour to make +use of at some future time_. + +IOTA _is informed that the Chloride of Barium, used in about the same +proportion as common salt, will give the tint he desires. His second Query +has already been answered in our preceding Numbers. As to the mode of +altering his camera, he must tax his own ingenuity as to the best mode of +attaching to it the flexible sleeves, &c._ + +_We are unavoidably compelled to postpone until next week_ MR. LAWRENCE _on +the Albumen Process, and_ MR. DELAMOTTE_'s notice of a Portable Camera_. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY. _Particulars of this newly-formed Society in our +next._ + +_We again repeat that we cannot undertake to recommend any particular +houses for the purchase of photographic instruments, chemicals, &c. We can +only refer our Correspondents on such subjects to our advertising columns._ + +OUR SIXTH VOLUME, _strongly bound in cloth, with very copious Index, is now +ready, price 10s. 6d. Arrangements are making for the publication of +complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," _price Three Guineas for the Six +Volumes_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcel, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. {99} + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION No. 1. Class X., in +Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may +now he had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. + William Cabell, Esq. + T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. + G. Henry Drew, Esq. + William Evans, Esq. + William Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + James Hunt, Esq. + J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + James Lys Seager, Esq. + J. Basley White, Esq. + Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; + L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C.; + George Drew, Esq. + +_Consulting Counsel._--Sir Wm. P. Wood, M.P. + +_Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + +_Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed on +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 + 22 1 18 8 + 27 2 4 5 + 32 2 10 8 + 37 2 18 6 + 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also, every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c., used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--A New Work, giving Plain and Practical Directions for +obtaining both Positive and Negative Pictures upon Glass, by means of the +Collodion Process, and a method for Printing from the Negative Glasses, in +various colours, on to Paper. By T. H. HENNAH. Price 1s., or by Post 1s. +6d. + + Published by DELATOUCHE & CO., Manufacturers of Pure Photographic + Chemicals, Apparatus, Prepared Papers, and every Article connected with + Photography on Paper or Glass. + +147. OXFORD STREET. + + * * * * * + + +ROSS'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAIT AND LANDSCAPE LENSES.--These lenses give +correct definition at the centre and margin of the picture, and have their +visual and chemical acting foci coincident. + +_Great Exhibition Jurors' Reports_, p. 274. + + "Mr. Ross prepares lenses for Portraiture having the greatest intensity + yet produced, by procuring the coincidence of the chemical actinic and + visual rays. The spherical aberration is also very carefully corrected, + both in the central and oblique pencils." + + "Mr. Ross has exhibited the best Camera in the Exhibition. It is + furnished with a double achromatic object-lens, about three inches + aperture. There is no stop, the field is flat, and the image very + perfect up to the edge." + +A. R. invites those interested in the art to inspect the large Photographs +of Vienna, produced by his Lenses and Apparatus. + +Catalogues sent upon Application. + +A. ROSS, 2. Featherstone Buildings, High Holborn + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions may +be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet Street, where may also be procured +Apparatus of every Description, and pure Chemicals for the practice of +Photography in all its Branches. + +Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures for the Stereoscope. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical and Photographical Instrument +Makers, and Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.--Negative and Positive Papers of Whatman's, Turner's, +Sanford's, and Canson Frères make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's Process. +Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every kind of Photography. + +Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. +Paternoster Row, London. + + * * * * * + + +KERR & STRANG, Perfumers and Wig-Makers, 124. Leadenhall Street, London, +respectfully inform the Nobility and Public that they have invented and +brought to the greatest perfection the following leading articles, besides +numerous others:--Their Ventilating Natural Curl; Ladies and Gentlemen's +PERUKES, either Crops or Full Dress, with Partings and Crowns so natural as +to defy detection, and with or without their improved Metallic Springs; +Ventilating Fronts, Bandeaux, Borders, Nattes, Bands à la Reine, &c.; also +their instantaneous Liquid Hair Dye, the only dye that really answers for +all colours, and never fades nor acquires that unnatural red or purple tint +common to all other dyes; it is permanent, free of any smell, and perfectly +harmless. Any lady or gentleman, sceptical of its effects in dyeing any +shade of colour, can have it applied, free of any charge, at KERR & +STRANG'S, 124. Leadenhall Street. + +Sold in Cases at 7s. 6d., 15s., and 20s. Samples, 3s. 6d., sent to all +parts on receipt of Post-office Order or Stamps. + + * * * * * + + +LOST.--Two Water-coloured Drawings by MR. DELAMOTTE [engraved in 2nd volume +of "Journal of Archæological Institute"] of distemper Paintings in Stanton +Harcourt Church. Any person having them, is requested to return them to +their owner, MR. DYKE, Jesus College, Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, prepared solely by R. W. THOMAS, has +now obtained an European fame; it supersedes the use of all other +preparations of Collodion. Witness the subjoined Testimonial. + + "122. Regent Street + + "Dear Sir,--In answer to your inquiry of this morning, I have no + hesitation in saying that your preparation of Collodion is incomparably + better and more sensitive than all the advertised Collodio-Iodides, + which, for my professional purposes, are quite useless when compared to + yours. + + "I remain, dear Sir, + "Yours faithfully, + "N. HENNEMAN. + + Aug. 30. 1852. + to Mr. R.W. Thomas." + +MR. R. W. THOMAS begs most earnestly to caution photographers against +purchasing impure chemicals, which are now too frequently sold at very low +prices. It is to this cause nearly always that their labours are unattended +with success. + +Chemicals of absolute purity, especially prepared for this art, may be +obtained from R. W. THOMAS, Chemist and Professor of Photography, 10. Pall +Mall. + +N.B.--The name of Mr. T.'s preparation, Xylo-Iodide of Silver, is made use +of by unprincipled persons. To prevent imposition each bottle is stamped +with a red label bearing the maker's signature. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS and VIEWS by the Collodion and Waxed Paper Process. +Apparatus, Materials, and Pure Chemical Preparation for the above +processes, Superior Iodized Collodion, known by the name of Collodio-iodide +or Xylo-iodide of Silver, 9d. per oz. Pyro-gallic Acid, 4s. per drachm. +Acetic Acid, suited for Collodion Pictures, 8d. per oz. Crystallizable and +perfectly pure, on which the success of the Calo-typist so much depends, +1s. per oz. Canson Frères' Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive do., 4s. 6d.; La +Croix, 3s.; Turner, 3s. Whatman's Negative and Positive, 3s. per quire. +Iodized Waxed Paper, 10s. 6d. per quire. Sensitive Paper ready for the +Camera, and warranted to keep from fourteen to twenty days, with directions +for use, 11×9, 9s. per doz.; Iodized, only 6s. per doz. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS (sole Agents for Voightlander & Sons' celebrated +Lenses), Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY, DAGUERREOTYPE, ETC. + +PURE CHEMICALS for the above Processes supplied at the following prices, by +JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, Portman Square.--Superior Iodized +Collodion, in bottles at 2s. 6d.; Pyrogallic Acid, 4s. per drachm; Pure +Crystallizable Acetic Acid, 8d. per oz.; Iodide of Potassium, 1s. 6d. per +oz.; Canson Frères' Negative Paper, 3s.; Positive Ditto, 4s. per quire. + +Bromine, 8s. 6d. per oz.; Iodine, 2s. 6d. per oz.; Charcoal, 1s. per +bottle; Rouge, 1s. per oz.; Tripoli, finely prepared, 6d. per oz. + +An Illustrated priced List of Photographic Apparatus and Materials, post +free, 3d. + +Nearly Ready, the Third much enlarged Edition of Professor HUNT'S MANUAL OF +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +JOHN J. GRIFFIN & CO., 53. Baker Street, London; and RICHARD GRIFFIN & CO., +Glasgow. + +{100} + + * * * * * + + +Just published, Sixth Edition, fcap. 8vo., 5s., of + +ESSAYS WRITTEN IN THE INTERVALS OF BUSINESS. + +Also, by the same Author, + +THE CONQUERORS OF THE NEW WORLD and their BONDSMEN; being a Narrative of +the Principal Events which led to Negro Slavery in the West Indies and +America. Vol. II., post 8vo., 7s. Just published. + +VOLUME I., post 8vo., 6s. + +FRIENDS IN COUNCIL; a Series of Readings, and Discourse thereon. A New +Edition. Two vols., fcap. 8vo., 12s. + +COMPANIONS of MY SOLITUDE. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. Third Edition. + +THE CLAIMS OF LABOUR. An Essay on the Duties of the Employers to the +Employed. Fcap. 8vo. Second Edition, with Additional Essay. 6s. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Third Edition, with considerable Additions, fcp. 8vo., 7s. 6d. + +AN OUTLINE of the NECESSARY LAWS of THOUGHT. A Treatise on Pure and Applied +Logic. By the Rev. WILLIAM THOMSON, Fellow and Tutor of Queen's College, +Oxford. With an Appendix on Indian Logic, by Professor MAX MULLER. + +WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +IN VOLUMES FOR THE POCKET, PRICE FIVE SHILLINGS EACH. + +On the 31st inst. will be published, in fcp. 8vo., Vol. IV. of BOWDLER'S +FAMILY SHAKSPEARE. In which nothing is _added_ to the Original Text; but +those Words and Expressions are _omitted_ which cannot with propriety be +read aloud in a Family. A New Edition, to be completed in Six Monthly +Volumes, price 5s. each. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +TO LITERARY GENTLEMEN and PUBLISHERS.--VALUABLE LITERARY PROPERTY.--A +MAGAZINE, one of the most popular, talented, and improvable of the present +day, is to be SOLD by PRIVATE BARGAIN. The Copyright, very numerous +Stereotype Plates (which are of _permanent_ value), and Stock of Sheets, +will require from 3000l. to 4000l., a portion of which may be taken on +approved bill. + +Applications by letter, and from principals only, to be addressed to X. Y., +care of MR. HODGSON, Auctioneer, 192. Fleet Street, corner of Chancery +Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + +RALPH'S SERMON PAPER.--This approved Paper is particularly deserving the +notice of the Clergy, as, from its particular form (each page measuring 5¾ +by 9 inches), it will contain more matter than the size in ordinary use; +and, from the width being narrower, is much more easy to read: adapted for +expeditious writing with either the quill or metallic pen; price 5s. per +ream. Sample on application. + +ENVELOPE PAPER.--To identify the contents with the address and postmark, +important in all business communications; it admits of three clear pages +(each measuring 5½ by 8 inches), for correspondence, it saves time and is +more economical. Price 9s. 6d. per ream. + +F. W. RALPH, Manufacturing Stationer, 36. Throgmorton Street, Bank. + + * * * * * + + +In the Press, + +SELECTIONS, GRAVE AND GAY, From the Writings, published and unpublished, of +THOMAS DE QUINCEY, revised and enlarged by himself. + +Vol. I.--AUTOBIOGRAPHIC SKETCHES. + +Edinburgh: JAMES HOGG. London: R. GROOMBRIDGE & SONS. + + * * * * * + + +THE EDINBURGH REVIEW, No. CXCVII., is just published. + + CONTENTS: + + I. BUNSEN'S HIPPOLYTUS AND HIS AGE. + + II. JERVIS'S HISTORY OF THE ISLAND OF CORFU AND THE IONIAN ISLANDS. + + III. SAUL OF TARSUS. + + IV. HUNGARIAN REVOLUTION. + + V. CATHEDRAL REFORM. + + VI. OUR INDIAN ARMY. + + VII. MONTALEMBERT. + + VIII. MRS. JAMESON'S LEGENDS OF THE MADONNA, AS REPRESENTED IN THE FINE + ARTS. + + IX. THE FALL OF THE DERBY MINISTRY. + +London: LONGMAN & CO. Edinburgh: A. & C. BLACK. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE, + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY) + +Of Saturday, January 15, contains Articles on + + Agricultural Societies + Arithmetic, Rational, rev. + Botany, Cryptogamic + Calendar, Horticultural + Cattle, fat + Chironia, the + College, Cirencester + Draining, Davis on + England, climate of + Estates, improvement of, settled + Food, brewers' grains as + Fruit trees, oblique (with engraving) + Grapes, red Hamburgh + Hyacinth, hints on + Irrigation + ---- and liquid manure, by Mr. Mechi + Labourers, employment of + Larch, durability of + Lime, to apply, by Mr. Summers + Manure, liquid, by Mr. Mechi + ---- lime as + Mildew, effect of salt on, by Mr. Watson + Montague, Dr. + Narcissus, dormant, by Mr. George + Pimelea, the + Plant, Bed Mooshk + Poultry, metropolitan show of + ---- weights of + Rain at Arundel + Roots, branch + Salt _v._ Mildew, by Mr. Watson + Season, mildness of, by Mr. George + Seed trade + Shamrock, the + Smithfield Club, cattle at + Societies, agricultural + ---- proceedings of the Kirtling Agricultural + Temperature, our winter + Tenant-right + Tithe commutation, by Mr. Willich + Trees, oblique fruit (with engraving) + Vines, effect of soil on, by Mr. Urquhart + Walls, ivy on + ---- spring protection for + Weather, the + ---- in Sussex + Yuccas + Zygopetalon Mackayii, by Mr. Woolley + + * * * * * + + +THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from the Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28s. cloth) of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. + + Volume Three, 1272-1377. + Volume Four, 1377-1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One, 1066-1199. + Volume Two, 1199-1272. + + "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. + Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by +Special Permission to + +THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + +PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the +Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for +Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, +by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, +in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell +Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post Office Order for +the amount; and by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music +Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical + World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of a very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."--_John Bull._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Also, lately published, + +J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2s. + +C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +3 vols. 8vo. price 2l. 8s. + +A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN GRECIAN, ROMAN, ITALIAN, AND GOTHIC +ARCHITECTURE. The Fifth Edition enlarged, exemplified by 1700 Woodcuts. + + "In the Preparation of this the Fifth Edition of the Glossary of + Architecture, no pains have been spared to render it worthy of the + continued patronage which the work has received from its first + publication. + + "The Text has been considerably augmented, as well by the additions of + many new Articles, as by the enlargement of the old ones, and the + number of Illustrations has been increased from eleven hundred to + seventeen hundred. + + "Several additional Foreign examples are given, for the purpose of + comparison with English work, of the same periods. + + "In the present Edition, considerably more attention has been given to + the subject of Mediæval Carpentry, the number of Illustrations of 'Open + Timber Roofs' has been much increased, and most of the Carpenter's + terms in use at the period have been introduced with + authorities."--_Preface to the Fifth Edition._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, January 22. 1853. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 169, January +22, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42784 *** |