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diff --git a/42889-0.txt b/42889-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..10d0798 --- /dev/null +++ b/42889-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5709 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42889 *** + +THE INFLUENCE OF THE STARS + +PLYMOUTH +WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON +PRINTERS + + + [Illustration: WHEEL OF PYTHAGORAS. FACSIMILE FROM AN OLD WOODCUT + DATE. 1657. + + _Frontispiece and Cover._] + + + + +THE INFLUENCE OF THE STARS + +A Book of Old World Lore + + +BY + +_ROSA BAUGHAN_ + +AUTHOR OF "THE HANDBOOK OF PALMISTRY"; "CHARACTER IN HANDWRITING"; +ETC., ETC. + + +_IN THREE PARTS_ + +PART I. ASTROLOGY. +PART II. CHIROMANCY +PART III. PHYSIOGNOMY + +TO WHICH ARE ADDED + +CHAPTERS ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MOLES OF THE BODY ASTROLOGICALLY +CONSIDERED, + +THE MYSTICAL WHEEL OF PYTHAGORAS AND THE METHODS OF WORKING IT + + +FOURTH EDITION, +REVISED AND ENLARGED BY THE AUTHOR + +_ILLUSTRATED WITH TEN PLATES_ + +LONDON +KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., LTD. +DRYDEN HOUSE, GERRARD STREET, SOHO +1904 + + + + +Transcriber's Note: Minor typographical errors have been corrected +without note. Dialect spellings, contractions and inconsistencies in +the text have been retained as printed. Words enclosed by square +brackets replace the symbol, as it is not possible to represent the +symbol itself in plain text. + + + + + "Ye stars which are the poetry of Heaven! + If, in your bright leaves we read the fate + Of men and empires--'tis to be forgiven, + That in our aspirations to be great, + Our destinies o'erleap this mortal state + And claim a kindred with you; for ye are + A beauty and a mystery and create + In us such love and reverence from afar, + That Life, Fame, Power, and Fortune have named themselves a star." + + Byron. + + + + +CONTENTS + + +Part I. + +ASTROLOGY + +CHAPTER PAGE + + + I. ASTROLOGY 4 + + II. THE ALPHABET OF ASTROLOGY 12 + + III. CONCERNING THE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC 17 + + IV. OF THE NATURES OF THE SEVEN PLANETS AND OF THEIR +ESSENTIAL AND ACCIDENTAL DIGNITIES 23 + + V. OF THE INFLUENCES OF THE SEVEN PLANETS 34 + + VI. CONCERNING THE TWELVE HOUSES OF HEAVEN AND THEIR POWERS 50 + + VII. AN EXPLANATION OF VARIOUS TERMS USED IN ASTROLOGY 54 + + VIII. OF THE FIGURE OF THE HEAVENS 59 + + IX. OF THE INFLUENCES OF THE FIXED STARS 65 + + X. OF THE EFFECT OF EACH PLANET IN EACH OF THE TWELVE +HOUSES 70 + + XI. ON FORMING A GENERAL JUDGMENT ON A NATIVITY 76 + + XII. CONCERNING DIRECTIONS AND HORARY QUESTIONS 92 + + XIII. SOLAR HOROSCOPES 103 + + XIV. APHORISMS CULLED FROM THE WORKS OF PTOLEMY AND OTHER +ANCIENT ASTROLOGERS 120 + + +PART II. + +CHIROMANCY + + XV. CHIROMANCY AND ITS ORIGIN 125 + + XVI. CONCERNING THE PRINCIPAL LINES IN THE HAND AND THE +MOUNTS 129 + + XVII. THE LINE OF LIFE 137 + + XVIII. THE LINE OF HEART AND LINE OF HEAD 143 + + XIX. THE SATURNIAN LINE 150 + + XX. THE LINE OF THE SUN AND LINE OF HEALTH 155 + + XXI. ON THE RING OF VENUS, THE WRIST LINES AND THE LETTER +M TO BE SEEN IN MOST HANDS 160 + + XXII. CONCERNING CHANCE LINES; THAT IS, LINES WHICH ARE +SOMETIMES--BUT ONLY RARELY--SEEN ON ANY HAND 166 + + XXIII. CONCERNING THE FINGERS AND THUMB AND NAILS 169 + + XXIV. OF THE VARIOUS MARKS TO BE SEEN ON THE HAND 177 + + XXV. THE TRIANGLE, THE QUADRANGLE AND THE HAPPY HAND 182 + + +Part III. + +PHYSIOGNOMY + + XXVI. PHYSIOGNOMY 185 + + XXVII. THE FOREHEAD AND EYEBROWS 194 + +XXVIII. THE EYES AND EYELASHES 201 + + XXIX. THE NOSE 211 + + XXX. THE MOUTH, TEETH, JAW AND CHIN 221 + + XXXI. THE HAIR AND EARS 231 + + XXXII. THE SIGNATURES OF THE PLANETS 237 + +XXXIII. THE MOLES ON THE FACE 246 + + XXXIV. MOLES HAVING NO CORRESPONDING MOLES ON THE FACE 254 + + XXXV. THE ZODIACAL MARKS 258 + + XXXVI. CONCERNING ALFRIDARIES 263 + +XXXVII. CONCERNING THE WHEEL OF PYTHAGORAS AND THE METHOD +OF WORKING IT 267 + + + + +LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS + + +WHEEL OF PYTHAGORAS _Frontispiece and Cover_ + +THE EARTH _To face Chapter VI._ + +NATUS. 9TH JANUARY, 1889 " " _VIII._ + +FACSIMILE OF A MAP OF A HORARY QUESTION FROM LILLY'S +"ASTROLOGY" " " _XII._ + +PRINCIPAL LINES ON THE PALM OF THE HAND " " _XVI._ + +THE LINE OF LIFE " " _XVII._ + +CHANCE LINES ON THE HAND " " _XXII._ + +VARIOUS MARKS ON THE HAND " " _XXIV._ + +THE HAPPY HAND " " _XXV._ + +THE PLANETS' PLACES ON THE FACE " " _XXVII._ + +ALFRIDARY TABLE " " _XXXVI._ + + + + +FOREWORD + + +Of all subjects that have at any time engaged the attention of the +world, there is none more ancient than astrology. In the East--where it +first arose at a period of very remote antiquity--it still holds sway +and in every part of the world (especially among the learned) it +reigned supreme until the middle of the seventeenth century. That it +not only ruled the daily actions of individuals but swayed the councils +of princes, is shown by the records of every nation that has a history +(and by none more fully than by that of England); yet the present +generation seems never, until quite lately, to have cared to inquire on +what basis this belief could have been for so many ages supported. +During the past ten years, however--possibly from a reaction growing +out of the realism by which we have been so long oppressed--a new +interest in these old-world beliefs has sprung up and it is to satisfy +that interest that this book (containing the results of many years' +study) was written. + +Chiromancy and Physiognomy are both based on astrology and are, +therefore, quite in place as the second and third parts of a work +treating of the influence of the stars. Many of the modern writers on +Chiromancy seem disposed to deny its affinity to astrology, with which +it is, however, inseparably connected. Dr. Saunders, in the preface to +his exhaustive work on Chiromancy and Physiognomy, published in 1671, +and dedicated to his friend Lilly, the great astrologer, says: "For our +more orderly proceeding with the body of this work, it is in the first +place necessary to be observed that there are seven planets, named +_Stellæ Errantes_--wandering stars--which have each of them its +separate character as they are used in astrologie; the which stars have +great power over inferior bodies and do, each of them, govern some part +or other of man's body and they _especially have their material +existence in the hand_ and without astrology Chiromancy could not +subsist and be subservient to true wisdom." + +Now, why, in the face of this and many other equally forcible words +among the old-world authorities, do the modern writers try to force +their own crude theories upon us? To drag the time-honoured study of +Chiromancy into the turmoil of nineteenth-century existence and--by +robbing it of its mysticism--to strain it into unison with the realism +of modern thought, strikes the earnest student with the same sense of +incongruity as would the hanging of a carnival mask over the mystically +calm features of an antique statue. + +ROSA BAUGHAN. + +_November, 1904._ + + + + +THE INFLUENCE OF THE STARS + + + + +ASTROLOGY + + "To doubt the influence of the stars is to doubt the wisdom and + providence of God."--TYCHO BRAHE. + + + + +CHAPTER I. + +That a certain power, derived from æthereal nature, pervades the whole +earth, is clearly evident to all. Fire and air are altered by the +motions of the æther, and these elements, in their turn, encompassing +all inferior matter, vary it, as they themselves are varied, acting +equally on earth and water, on plants and animals. The Sun, not only by +the change of the seasons, brings to perfection the embryo of animals, +the buds of plants and the springs of water, but also, by his daily +movement, brings light, heat, moisture, dryness and cold. + +The Moon, being of all the heavenly bodies the nearest to earth, has +also much influence, and things animate and inanimate sympathise and +vary with her. By her changes rivers swell or are reduced, the tides of +the sea are ruled by her risings and settings, and animals and plants +are influenced as she waxes or wanes. The stars also produce in the +ambient[1] many impressions, causing heats, winds and storms, to the +influence of which earthly things are subjected. The force of the Sun, +however, predominates, because it is more generally distributed; the +others either co-operate with his power or diminish its effects. The +Moon more frequently does this at her first and last quarter; the stars +act also in the same way, but at longer intervals and more obscurely +than the Moon. From this it follows that not only all bodies which may +be already in existence are subjected to the motion of the stars, but +also that the impregnation and growth of the seeds from which all +bodies proceed are moulded by the quality in the ambient at the time of +such impregnation and growth. When, therefore, a person has acquired a +thorough knowledge of the stars (not of what they are composed, but of +the _influences_ they possess), he will be able to predict the mental +and physical qualities and the future events in the existence of any +one whose actual moment of birth is accurately given to him. But the +science of astrology demands great study, a good memory, constant +attention to a multitude of different points and much power of +deductive judgment; and those persons who undertake to cast horoscopes +without possessing these qualities, must necessarily make frequent +mistakes in their judgments, which, perhaps, accounts for much of the +disbelief which exists as regards the power of astrology; but it is +unfair to blame the science for inaccuracies which are only the result +of the ignorance of its exponents. No one should attempt to pronounce +judgments on the influence of the stars without having first given +years of study to the subject; and even then, unless he should have +been born under certain influences,[2] he will never become a +proficient astrologer. + + [1] The ambient means the heavens when spoken of in a general + manner. + + [2] Saturn, Mercury and the Moon. + +The practice of observing the stars began in Egypt in the reign of +Ammon (about a thousand years before the Christian era), and was spread +by conquest in the reign of his successor into the other parts of +Africa, Asia, and Europe; but it appears to have been taught in the +earliest ages by oral tradition only, for there is no good evidence of +its having been reduced to written rules before some years after the +first century of the Christian era, when Claudius Ptolemy (who was born +and educated in Alexandria) produced a work called _Tetra-biblos_, +or _Quadripartite_, being four books of the influences of the stars. In +this treatise (translated into English by John Whalley--Professor of +Astrology--in the year of 1786) Ptolemy seems to have collected all +that which appeared to him of importance in the science. Another +translation of the _Tetra-biblos_, rendered into English from the Greek +paraphrase of that work by Proclus, was made in 1822 by J. M. Ashmand +and this is, by most people, preferred to the translation made by +Whalley. Somewhere between 1647 and 1657, Placidus di Titus, a Spanish +monk, published a system of astrology, founded, to a great extent, upon +Ptolemy's calculations. This work was printed in Latin and is called +the _Primum Mobile_, or _First Mover_, and was translated by John +Cooper in 1816; other translations have appeared, but his is the best +among them. + +The planetary orbs, which the ancients recognised as having the most +powerful influence, were seven in number (now known under the Latin +names of the principal deities of the heathen mythology), viz.: +Jupiter, Saturn, the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars and the Moon. + +It may be objected that science has long since revealed to us many more +planets than the seven known to the ancients; but, in considering a +study so mystical as that of astrology, it is better to adhere to the +theories of the old-world writers. In the earliest ages almost all the +inhabitants of the earth led pastoral lives--were, in fact, merely +shepherds--but amongst these shepherds there naturally arose, from time +to time, men of superior intelligence, whose imaginations (purified and +strengthened by solitude and the constant communion with Nature which +grew out of that solitude) led them to the study of those distant +lights which they saw, night after night, appear and disappear in the +wide expanse of the heavens above them. Of purer lives and more +impressionable than we moderns, they were necessarily more open to the +influences of nature; and all their thoughts being given to the study +of the mysteries by which they felt themselves surrounded, their +intuitive perception is likely to be a safer guide on mystical subjects +than the scientific conjectures of our day. Besides, as the results +produced by their methods were astoundingly correct, why should we +imagine ourselves capable of bettering their theories? Jupiter, Saturn, +Mars and Mercury are _still_ the most important planets, whilst the +Moon (though so small) has a more subtle influence in consequence of +her nearness to us; whilst of the Sun's power over us and the whole +creation there can, of course, be no question. Each of these seven +planets is in the ascendant once during the space of the twenty-four +hours forming the day and night; and according to the junction of two +or more planets under which a person is born, his outward appearance, +character and fate, will be influenced. The sign of the zodiac, too, +under which a child comes into the world, possesses a power to produce +a particular form of body and mental inclination, always, however, +_subject to the influence_ of the seven planets. + +It must also be borne in mind that the planets dominating the lives of +both parents would, to a certain extent, have an influence not only +during the pre-natal period of our existence, but also in arresting or +hurrying forward the moment of our advent into life. The father's +influence is strong at the moment of conception; the mother's during +the whole period of pre-natal existence. In this way we can account for +the resemblance between parents and children, and also for the physical +and mental qualities which we see constantly reproduced through a long +line of ancestry. It is rarely that one planet is the sole influence of +a life, for the child at birth may, and more generally does, receive +influences from several planets, and some not those of the father or +mother; and thus we can account for the innumerable differences of mind +and body to be found among members of the same family. + +For the benefit of those who object that there is too great a leaning +to what they would call "the dangerous doctrine of fatalism" in these +old-world beliefs, it may be well to quote a few reassuring words from +a very able and voluminous writer on these subjects, Dr. Richard +Saunders, who modestly styles himself on the title-page of his learned +work (published in 1671) student in astrology and physic. "The stars," +he says, "have such an influential power over us that we act by them +and, though _they are but second causes_, their influences do so +necessitate us that we cannot avoid their fatality, _unless_ we have +recourse to the First Cause which governs this all." In other words, +though the stars influence us, God rules the stars. + + + + +CHAPTER II. + +THE ALPHABET OF ASTROLOGY + + +The Science of Astrology consists of four branches, namely, _Mundane +Astrology_, which is the art of foreseeing, by the aspect of the stars, +at certain periods, the events likely to happen to nations, such as +pestilences, wars, inundations and earthquakes; _Atmospherical +Astrology_, which is the art of foreseeing, by the positions of the +heavenly bodies, the quality of the weather at any particular time or +place; _the Casting of Nativities_, or the art of foretelling, from the +position of the stars at the moment of birth, the fate and character of +the native; and _Horary Astrology_, or the art of foreseeing, by the +positions of the heavens at the moment, the result of any business or +circumstance. + +As the two former branches are treated in the astrological almanacks +issued every year by Zadkiel, Raphael, Orion, and others, it is +needless to go into them; but as the casting of nativities and the +answering of horary questions require individual treatment, the working +of these two branches of astrology (_after the ancient methods_) shall +be described as clearly as possible. + +Before the student can do anything in astrology he must master its +alphabet--that is, he must make himself thoroughly acquainted with the +symbols used to represent the planets, the signs of the zodiac and the +aspects. + +The planets recognised by the ancient astrologers are, as we have seen, +seven in number, and are as follows, with their symbols:--Saturn, +[symbol]; Jupiter, [symbol]; Mars, [symbol]; Sol, [symbol]; Venus, +[symbol]; Mercury, [symbol]; Luna, [symbol]. + +There are also the Dragon's Head, thus symbolised, [symbol]; and the +Dragon's Tail, [symbol]. These are neither planets nor signs of the +zodiac, nor constellations, but are only the nodes or points where the +ecliptic is crossed by the Moon. One of these points looks northward, +where the Moon begins her northern latitude, and the other points +southward, where she commences her south latitude. The head of the +Dragon is considered of a benevolent nature; the tail of the Dragon is +of evil tendency. + +There are also the twelve signs of the zodiac, which are as follows, +with their symbols:-- + + NORTHERN. SOUTHERN. + + [symbol] Aries [symbol] Libra + + [symbol] Taurus [symbol] Scorpio + + [symbol] Gemini [symbol] Sagittarius + + [symbol] Cancer [symbol] Capricorn + + [symbol] Leo [symbol] Aquarius + + [symbol] Virgo [symbol] Pisces + +Through these twelve signs the planets continually move, and are ever +in one or other of them. + +They are divided into _north_ and _south_. The first six, from Aries +to Virgo, are _northern_; the latter six, from Libra to Pisces, are +_southern_; this is because the Sun and planets when in the first six +are north of the equator, and when in the last six they are south of +that line. + +Each point of the zodiac rises and sets once every twenty-four hours, +occasioned by the earth's revolution on its axis once every day; +therefore, when any given point is _rising_, the opposite point must be +_setting_.[3] + + [3] Aries is always opposite to Libra; Taurus to Scorpio; and + so on of all the rest, as shown by the table given (p. 11). + +As the zodiac consists of 360 degrees from the first point of Aries +until we come to that point again, and as these are divided into twelve +portions or signs, they must consist of 30 degrees each. + +The aspects are five in number; they represent certain positions which +the planets bear to each other as they move through the signs of the +zodiac; they are as follows, with their symbols:-- + + [Symbol] Conjunction], when two planets are in the same place, viz., + in same degree of the same sign. + + [Symbol] Sextile, when they are 60 degrees or two signs apart. + + [Symbol] Square, when they are 90 degrees or three signs apart. + + [Symbol] Trine, when they are 120 degrees or four signs apart. + + [Symbol] Opposition, when they are 180 degrees or six signs + asunder. + +The conjunction ([symbol]) is rather a position than an aspect, as +planets can hardly be said to aspect each other when they are in the +same place. When Saturn is in the first degree of Aries, and any planet +in the same degree of that sign, they are said to be in conjunction; +this is good or evil, according to the nature of the planets thus +posited. + +The Trine ([symbol]) is the most powerful of all the good aspects. + +The Sextile ([symbol]) is favourable. + +The Square ([symbol]) is evil. + +The Opposition ([symbol]) is also very evil. + +There are several other aspects (sometimes called the "modern aspects") +invented by Kepler; but as they only appear to complicate what is at +best a very intricate study, it is best to ignore them and adhere in +this, as in the matter of the planets, to the old methods. + + + + +CHAPTER III. + +CONCERNING THE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC + + +The zodiac is a band or belt, measuring about 14 degrees in breadth, +but, as Venus sometimes appears to have more than her real latitude, +it is more correctly considered to be 18 degrees in breadth. The +_ecliptic_, or path of the Sun, passes exactly through the centre of +the zodiac, longitudinally. + +The ancients divided the zodiac into _ten signs_--Libra being +omitted altogether, Virgo and Scorpio being merged into one, thus: +Virgo-Scorpio. This accounts for the similarity of their symbols, +[Virgo] [Scorpio]. + +Ptolemy divides the zodiac into twelve equal parts, of 30 degrees each. +He says: "The beginning of the whole zodiacal circle (which in its +nature as a circle can have no other beginning or end capable of being +determined) is, therefore, assumed to be the sign Aries, which +commences at the vernal equinox in March." + +One of the many objections urged against Ptolemy's system of astrology +is that the signs are continually moving from their positions; but +Ptolemy seems to have been aware of this motion of the signs, and has +met this objection by what he says in the twenty-fifth chapter of the +first book of the _Tetra-biblos_, where he makes it clear that the +respective influences he ascribes to the twelve signs were considered +by him to belong rather to the _places_ they occupied in the ambient +than to the stars of which they are composed; and he especially speaks +of the _ambient_ as producing the effects attributed to the respective +signs of the zodiac when in the ascendant in a nativity; thus his +astrology is just as applicable to modern astronomy as it was to his +own. + +The signs have been divided into four _triplicities_, thus: _fiery_ +[Aries], [Leo ], [Sagittarius]; _earthy_, [Taurus], [Virgo], +[Capricorn]; _airy_, [Gemini], [Libra], [Aquarius]; and _watery_, +[Cancer], [Scorpio], [Pisces]. + +The _bicorporal_, or double-bodied, signs are [Gemini], [Pisces], and +the first half of [Sagittarius]. The _fruitful_ signs are [Cancer], +[Scorpio], [Pisces]; the barren signs are [Gemini], [Leo], and +[Capricorn]. + +These descriptions are useful in showing the modifications brought to +bear (by the sign ascending) on the planet's influence. But, when no +planets are in or near the ascendant at birth, the following +descriptions of the temperament and form of body produced by each sign +ascending at birth should be used. + +Aries ([symbol]) is a hot and fiery sign and produces a lean body, +spare and strong, large bones, grey eyes, with a quick glance and sandy +or red-coloured hair. The temper is violent. It governs the head and +face; its colour is white. + +Taurus ([symbol]) differs greatly, in its effects, from the preceding +sign; it is cold and dry, and gives a broad brow and thick lips. A +person born under it is melancholy and slow to anger but, when roused, +furious and difficult to be appeased. It governs the neck and throat; +its colour is red. + +Gemini ([symbol]) is in nature hot and moist and produces a person of +straight, tall body, sanguine complexion, brilliant eyes and light +brown hair. The temperament of those born under Gemini is lively and +the understanding good. This sign governs the arms and shoulders; its +colours are red and white. + +Cancer ([symbol]) is by nature cold and moist; it produces a native +fair and pale, short in stature, with a round face, sand-coloured brown +hair and grey eyes. Those born under it are phlegmatic, indolent and +gentle tempered. Women born under this sign generally have many +children. It governs the breast and stomach; its colours are green and +russet-brown. + +Leo ([symbol]) is a fiery, hot and dry sign. When it rises at birth +without any planet being near the ascendant, the native will be of tall +stature, with yellow hair, ruddy complexion and oval face, and he will +have a quick glance and a strong voice. It governs the heart, the back +and the neck; its colours are red and green. + +Virgo ([symbol]) is an earthy, cold, barren, feminine sign. When it +ascends, it shows a well-formed body, slender and tall, straight, +dark-brown hair and a round face. The mind of the native is ingenious, +but rather inconstant. It governs the belly; its colour is black +speckled with blue. + +Libra ([symbol]) is an aërial, sanguine, masculine, hot and moist sign. +Rising at birth it produces a well-made body, with long limbs, an oval +and beautiful face, sanguine complexion, straight flaxen hair and grey +eyes. Those born under it are courteous, just and honourable. It +governs the loins; and the colours under its rule are black, crimson +and tawny. + +Scorpio ([symbol]) is a moist, phlegmatic, feminine sign. It gives a +strong, corpulent body, low stature, thick legs, hair growing low on +the forehead and heavy eyebrows. Those born under this sign are +reserved, thoughtful, subtle and malicious. It governs the lower parts +of the body; the colour under its rule is brown. + +Sagittarius ([symbol]) is a fiery, masculine sign. The person born +under its rule is handsome, with a rather long face and features, +chestnut hair, inclined to baldness and ruddy complexion; the body +strong and active. Those born under this sign are fond of field sports, +are good riders, and are lovers of animals. They are kindly, generous +and careless of danger. This sign governs the thighs and hips, and +rules yellow and green. + +Capricorn ([symbol]) is an earthy, cold, dry, feminine sign. It +produces a person of slender stature, with a long neck, narrow chest +and dark hair. The mind is quick, witty and subtle. It governs the +knees and hams and, in colours, it rules black or dark brown. + +Aquarius ([symbol]) is an airy, moist, masculine sign. In a nativity +where no planets are in or near the ascendant, it would produce a +person of a well-set, strong body, long face and delicate complexion, +with brown hair. It governs the legs and ankles and rules the +sky-colour or blue. + +Pisces ([symbol]) is a watery, cold and feminine sign. It produces a +person of short stature and fleshy body, with a rather stooping gait. +Those born under its influence are indolent and phlegmatic. It governs +the feet and toes and presides over the pure white colour. It is +needful to remember the colours belonging to the signs, as they are +especially useful in horary questions. + + + + +CHAPTER IV. + +OF THE NATURES OF THE SEVEN PLANETS AND OF THEIR ESSENTIAL AND +ACCIDENTAL DIGNITIES + + +Of the seven planets Jupiter and Venus, because of the heat and +moisture predominant in them, are considered by the ancients as +benefics or causers of good. The Moon is so considered for the same +reasons, though in a less degree. + +Saturn and Mars are causers of evil or malefic; the first from his +excess of cold, and the other from his excess of heat. The Sun and +Mercury are deemed of common influence--that is, either of good or +evil, according to the planets with which they are connected. + +The planets have particular familiarity with certain places in the +zodiac by means of parts designated as their houses, and also by their +_triplicities_, _exaltations_ and _terms_. + +The nature of their familiarity by _houses_ is as follows:-- + +Cancer and Leo are the most northerly of all the twelve signs; they +approach nearer than the other signs to the zenith of this part of the +earth, and thereby cause warmth and heat; they are consequently +appropriated as houses for the two principal and greater luminaries; +Leo for the Sun, as being masculine; and Cancer for the Moon, as being +feminine. + +Saturn, since he is cold and inimical to heat, moving also in a +superior orbit most remote from the luminaries, occupies the signs +opposite to Cancer and Leo; these are Aquarius and Capricorn, and they +are assigned to him in consideration of their cold and wintry nature. + +Jupiter has a favourable temperament, and is situated beneath the +sphere of Saturn; he, therefore, occupies the next two signs, +Sagittarius and Pisces. + +Mars is dry in nature and beneath the sphere of Jupiter; he takes the +next two signs, of a nature similar to his own, viz., Aries and +Scorpio, whose relative distances from the houses of the luminaries are +injurious and discordant. + +Venus, possessing a favourable temperament, and, placed beneath the +sphere of Mars, takes the next two signs, Taurus and Libra. These are +of a fruitful nature and preserve harmony by the sextile distance; this +planet is never more than two signs distant from the Sun. + +Mercury never has greater distance from the Sun than the space of one +sign, and is beneath all the other planets; hence he is nearest to both +luminaries, and the remaining two signs, Gemini and Virgo, are allotted +to him. + +The "houses" of the planets are readily shown by the following table. +It is exactly the same as that found in the mummy-case of the Archon of +Thebes, in ancient Egypt, as may be seen at the British Museum: + + [Leo] [Sun] [Moon] [Cancer] + [Virgo] [Taurus] [Gemini] + [Libra] [Venus] [Taurus] + [Scorpio] [Mars] [Aries] + [Sagittarius] [Jupiter] [Pisces] + [Capricorn] [Saturn] [Aquarius] + +It will be seen, at once, from this table that the Sun and Moon have +each only one house assigned them. All planets are most powerful in +that sign which constitutes one of their houses. Planets receive +detriment in the signs opposite to those of their houses. Thus, Saturn +would receive detriment in Cancer and Leo, which are the signs opposite +to his houses, Capricornus and Aquarius. There are some signs in which +the planets are found to be very powerful, though not to the same +extent as when in their own houses; these are called the "exaltations" +of the planets, and the signs opposite to these are those in which they +receive their "fall" when they are considered to be weak in power. +Saturn has his exaltation in Libra; his "fall" would therefore be in +Aries. He governs the airy triplicity, which is composed of the signs +Gemini, Libra and Aquarius by day, and in all the twelve signs he has +these degrees (zodiacal signs) allotted him by Ptolemy for his Terms: + + In Aries 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Taurus 23, 24, 25, 26. + In Gemini 22, 23, 24, 25. + In Cancer 28, 29, 30. + In Leo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Virgo 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. + In Libra 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Scorpio 28, 29, 30. + In Sagittarius 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. + In Capricornus 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Aquarius 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Pisces 27, 28, 29, 30. + +The meaning of which is that if Saturn should rise in any of these +degrees it is a sign that he is not void of essential dignities; or, if +he is posited in any of the following degrees (which he is allowed for +his Face or Decanate) he is still not devoid of dignities. This is to +be understood of all the planets. + +Saturn is allotted for his Face these degrees: + + In Taurus 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Leo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Libra 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Sagittarius 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Pisces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + +Jupiter has his exaltation in Cancer and his fall in Capricornus. He +rules the fiery triplicity, Aries, Leo and Sagittarius, by night. + +He has these degrees allotted for his Terms: + + In Aries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Taurus 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. + In Gemini 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. + In Cancer 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. + In Leo 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. + In Virgo 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. + In Libra 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. + In Scorpio 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. + In Sagittarius 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. + In Capricornus 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. + In Aquarius 21, 22, 23, 24, 25. + In Pisces 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. + +He has for his Face, or Decanate: + + Of Gemini 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + Of Leo 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + Of Libra 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + Of Capricornus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + Of Pisces 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + +Mars has Aries for his day-house and Scorpio for his night-house. He is +exalted in Capricornus, and has his fall in Cancer. + +He governs the watery Triplicity, viz., Cancer, Scorpio and Pisces, and +he has these degrees in each sign for his Terms: + + In Aries 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. + In Taurus 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Gemini 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Cancer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Leo 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Virgo 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Scorpio 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Aquarius 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Pisces 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. + +He has allotted to him for his Face these degrees: + + In Aries 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Gemini 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Leo 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Virgo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Pisces 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + +The Sun rules the fiery Triplicity--Aries, Leo and Sagittarius--by day. +He is exalted in the sign of Aries, and receives his fall in Libra. + +He has no degrees admitted him for his Terms, but in the twelve signs +he has the following degrees for his Face: + + In Aries 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Gemini 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Virgo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Scorpio 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Capricornus 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + +Venus governs the earthy Triplicity--Taurus, Virgo and Capricornus--by +day. She is exalted in Pisces, and has her fall in Virgo. She has the +following degrees for her Terms: + + In Aries 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. + In Taurus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. + In Gemini 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. 20. + In Cancer 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. + In Leo 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. + In Virgo 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. + In Libra 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. + In Scorpio 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. + In Sagittarius 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. + In Capricornus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. + In Aquarius 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Pisces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. + +The following degrees are allowed for her Face: + + In Aries 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Cancer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Virgo 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Scorpio 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Pisces 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + +Mercury governs the airy Triplicity, viz., Gemini, Libra and Aquarius, +by night. He has his exaltation in Virgo, and his fall in Pisces. He +has the following degrees for his Terms: + + In Aries 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. + In Taurus 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. + In Gemini 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. + In Cancer 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Leo 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. + In Virgo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. + In Libra 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. + In Scorpio 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. + In Sagittarius 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Capricornus 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. + In Pisces 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + +These degrees are assigned him for his Face: + + In Taurus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Cancer 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Virgo 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Sagittarius 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Aquarius 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + +The Moon governs the earthy Triplicity, viz., Taurus, Virgo and +Capricornus, by night. + +She is exalted in Taurus, and has her fall in Scorpio. The Sun and the +Moon have no terms assigned them. + +In the twelve signs she has these degrees assigned her for her Face: + + In Taurus 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Cancer 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + In Libra 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. + In Sagittarius 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. + In Aquarius 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. + +A planet in his fall is very weak in his influence. The Houses count +first in dignity, then the Exaltation; afterwards the Triplicity, the +Terms, and the Faces. + +The meaning of this is, if a planet is in any of the signs we call his +house or houses, he is essentially strong, and he is allowed five +dignities. + +If he is in the sign in which he is said to be exalted, he is allowed +four dignities. + +If he should be placed in any of the signs allowed him for his +Triplicity, he is allowed three dignities. + +If in any of the degrees in the signs which are given as his Terms, he +has two dignities. + +If in any of the degrees of the sign given to him as his Face, he is +allowed one essential dignity. Accidental dignities are when a planet +is swift in motion, angular or in sextile aspect with Jupiter or Venus. + +There was a great difference between the Arabian, Indian, and Greek +methods in the disposing of the degrees of the sign to each planet +until the time of Ptolemy. Since then almost all astrologers followed +the method he left, which is that which has been given in this chapter. + + + + +CHAPTER V. + +OF THE INFLUENCES OF THE SEVEN PLANETS + + +The planet Saturn is the most remote of the seven planetary orbs +recognised by the ancient writers on astrology. He is of a pale ash +colour, slow in motion, only finishing his course through the twelve +signs of the zodiac in 29 years and about 157 days. His greatest north +latitude from the ecliptic is 2 degrees 48 minutes; his south latitude +is 2 degrees 49 minutes. + +Those born with this planet well-dignified[4] are studious, grave, +economical, prudent, patient and in all their actions sober and +somewhat austere. They are not much given to the love of women, but +they are persons of much depth of feeling, and, when they do love, they +are very constant. They are given to the study of occult matters,[5] +and are of a melancholic, suspicious and jealous temperament. In person +_when well-dignified_ Saturn gives a rather tall stature and long +limbs. The hair is dark, the eyebrows much marked and generally meeting +between the eyes, which are dark brown, deep set and close together. +The nose is long and generally somewhat bent over the lips and the +under jaw slightly protrudes. The complexion is sallow, the ears large +and the hands and feet are generally long, but not fleshy. + + [4] The foregoing chapter explains this term. + + [5] The Chaldees averred that when Saturn was powerful in a + nativity the person then born was "mystical and confederate + in secrecy." + +Those born under the potent aspect of Saturn are generally slow of +speech and their voices are harsh; when Saturn rises in a horoscope +_devoid of dignities_, the native is envious, covetous, malicious, +subtle, untruthful and of a discontented disposition. In person +frequently deformed, with long and irregular features, the eyes and +hair dark and the skin yellow and harsh. + +In man's body this planet rules the spleen, the right ear, the lips and +the teeth. In illness he gives ague, palsy, ruptures (especially should +he rule in the sign of Scorpio), jaundice, toothache and all affections +of the sight, of the ear, of the teeth and jaws and of the legs. + +The herbs he governs are the hemlock, hellebore, burdock, sage, +henbane, rue, nightshade and mandrake. + +The trees under his rule are the willow, the yew, the cypress, the +box-tree and the pine. + +The beasts he governs are the elephant, the wolf, the bear, the dog,[6] +the basilisk, the crocodile, the scorpion, the serpent, the rat, the +mouse and all manner of creeping things; among birds, the crow, the +cuckoo, the raven, the owl and the bat. + + [6] This animal has been probably assigned to him by reason + of its sagacity and extreme fidelity--constancy in feeling + being one of the attributes given by the planet Saturn when + well-dignified. + +Of fish he rules the eel, the tortoise and all shell fish. + +The minerals he governs are lead and the dross of all metals. + +His stones are jet, onyx and all dark stones which are incapable of +polish. The colour he rules is black. + +He rules Saturday--the first hour after sunrise, and the eighth hour of +the same day. His number is 55. In gathering the herbs under his rule +the ancients were particular to do so in his hours, as this rendered +the medicament more powerful. This is to be observed regarding the +herbs ruled by all the planets. + +Saturn's orb is nine degrees before and after any aspect; that is, his +influence begins to operate when either he applies to any planet or it +applies to him within nine degrees of his perfect aspect, and his +influence continues in force until he is separated nine degrees from +the aspect. His angel is Cassiel. His friends are Jupiter, Venus, +Mercury and the Moon; his enemies are Mars and the Sun. + +Jupiter is the next planet below Saturn and is of a bright, clear, +azure colour. He much exceeds Saturn in motion, as he finishes his +course through the twelve signs in twelve years. His greatest north +latitude is 1 degree 38 minutes, and his greatest south latitude 1 +degree 40 minutes. When he rises at birth well-dignified he gives an +erect, tall stature, sanguine complexion, oval face, large grey eyes, +thick brown hair, full lips and good teeth. In temperament those born +under the good influence of this planet are honourable, generous and +hospitable, but loving material pleasures, kind and affectionate to +wife and family, charitable, desiring to be well thought of and hating +all mean and sordid actions. The voices of those born under Jupiter are +clear and sonorous. When this planet rises _devoid of dignities_ the +native will be gluttonous, profligate, vain, and boastful, of mean +abilities and shallow understanding, easily seduced to extravagance and +a tyrant to those of his family and household. + +In man's body he rules the lungs and the blood, and of diseases he +gives apoplexy, gout, inflammation of the lungs, pleurisy and all +illnesses proceeding from corruption of the blood. + +The herbs he governs are cloves, mace, nutmeg, gilliflower, marjoram, +mint, borage and saffron. + +Of trees, he rules the mulberry, the olive, the vine, the fig, the +beech and the pear-tree. + +Of beasts, the sheep, the hart, the ox and all those animals that are +useful to man. + +Of birds, the stork, the snipe, the lark, the eagle, the pheasant, the +partridge and the peacock. + +Of fishes, the whale, the dolphin and the sword-fish. + +His metal is tin. + +His stones are the sapphire, the amethyst and the emerald. + +Of colours he rules red mixed with green. + +His day is Thursday and he rules the first hour after sunrise and the +eighth hour. His number is 78. + +His orb is 9 degrees before and after any aspect. + +All the planets except Mars are his friends. + +His angel is Zadkiel. + +Mars in order succeeds Jupiter. He appears of a red colour, and +finishes his course through the zodiac in 1 year 321 days. His greatest +north latitude is 4 degrees 31 minutes. His south latitude is 6 degrees +47 minutes. When he is well-dignified in a horoscope, the native is +courageous, confident, loving war and all that belongs to it, jealous +of honour, hot-tempered and a great lover of field-sports. In person he +will be of middle stature, broad-shouldered and with big bones; the +complexion of a red fairness; the hair is crisp or curly and also red, +but this varies slightly according to the sign rising at birth; in +watery signs the hair is not so red, and in earthy signs it is more +chestnut; the eyes are grey and have a bold, fixed glance like that of +a hawk. + +When he is ill-dignified at birth, the native is turbulent, cruel, +boastful, a promoter of sedition, ungracious in manners and +unscrupulous in his actions, with no fear of either God or man. He +rules the head and face, the gall, the throat and intestines; and the +diseases he gives are fevers, carbuncles, smallpox, all throat +affections, all hurts to the head and face (especially by iron), and +all diseases which arise from too much heat of blood; also accidents +from four-footed beasts. + +The herbs over which he rules are the nettle, the thistle, onions, +scammony, garlic, horehound, cardamons, mustard and all herbs giving +heat. + +Of trees, all those which are of a prickly nature, such as the holly, +the thorn and the chestnut. + +Of beasts, all fierce animals--the tiger, the panther, the wolf, the +horse, the leopard, the wild ass and the bear. + +The dog is sometimes assigned to Mars on account of its courage and +combativeness. This delightful animal is probably ruled by both Saturn +and Mars; the former giving it the quality of fidelity which it +possesses in a degree beyond all other creatures. + +Of fish, the pike, the barbel and the sword-fish. + +Of birds, the hawk, the vulture, the kite, the eagle, the magpie and +the cock, all of which are combative. + +The metal he rules is iron. The colour he rules is red. + +The stones, the carbuncle, the ruby and the blood-stone. + +His orb is 7 degrees before and after any aspect. + +He governs Tuesday--the first hour after sunrise, and the eighth. His +number is 39. + +His friend among the planets is Venus, all the others are his enemies. + +His angel is Samael. + +The Sun passes through all the twelve signs of the zodiac in one year +and a few hours over the 365 days which constitute the year. He has no +latitude. + +When the Sun rises at a birth well-dignified, the native is of an +honourable disposition, but always desiring to rule, loving pomp, yet +affable, speaking with gravity and without too many words and +possessing much self-reliance and dignity of manner. In person he will +be tall, well made, with golden hair, yellowish skin, large and +piercing eyes and long, straight and well-formed features. + +When ill-aspected the native is arrogant, boastful, a spendthrift, +proud, yet in poverty hanging on other men's charity, very loquacious, +restless and without judgment. + +He governs the heart, the brain, the right eye and the arms; and the +diseases he causes are all illnesses of the heart, such as swoons, +palpitations, cramps, also diseases of the mouth, the brain, and the +eyes. + +Of colours he rules the yellow and orange colour. + +The plants subject to the Sun are all those of pungent odours, such as +the marigold, heliotrope, rosemary, balsam, peony, spikenard, musk, St. +John's wort, and ginger. + +Of trees he rules the palm, the laurel, the cedar, the orange-tree and +the citron-tree. + +Of beasts, the lion, the ram, the goat. + +Of birds, the eagle, the cock, the buzzard. + +Of fish, the star-fish, the crab-fish and the sea-fox. + +He governs Sunday. His number is 34. + +Of metals, gold. + +Of colours he rules the yellow. + +Of stones, the topaz, amber, chrysolite and all yellow stones. + +His orb is 15 degrees before any aspect, and as many after separation. + +His friends are all the planets except Saturn and Mars. + +His angel is Michael. + +After the Sun the planet Venus succeeds in order; she is of a bright +shining colour. Her greatest north or south latitude is 2 degrees and 2 +minutes. When she rises well-dignified in a nativity the person born +will be of middle stature, rather inclining to shortness, with a +beautiful complexion, light brown hair, the eyes large, of a blue or +grey colour and with a slow and rather languishing movement, red lips, +and dimples in the cheeks, chin and about the mouth. In disposition, +gracious, very tender, inclined to love-making; easy of belief and not +given to labour about anything; fond of music, plays, and all sorts of +merry-makings. + +When ill-dignified at birth Venus causes the native to be over-fat, +with thick lips, and much flesh about the chin and cheeks. In +disposition, sensual, riotous and immoral. + +Venus governs the lower parts of the body, and the illnesses she gives +are cancer and all affections of the womb. + +All the herbs she governs have a sweet smell and, generally, have +smooth leaves and white flowers, such as the lily, both white and +yellow, and the lily of the valley, also the water lily, the myrtle, +maidenhair, violets and roses. + +The trees she rules are the walnut, the almond, the apple-tree, the +box-tree, the sycamore, the ash and myrtle. + +Of beasts, the hart, the rabbit, the calf and all small cattle. + +Of birds, the dove, the sparrow, the nightingale, the swan, the pelican +and the swallow. + +Her metal is copper. + +Her stones, white and red coral, rubies, the beryl, turquoise and lapis +lazuli, because it expels melancholy. + +Her colours are white and purple. + +Her orb is 7 degrees before and after any aspect. + +Her day of the week is Friday, of which she rules the first and eighth +hour after sunrise. Her number is 45. + +Her friends are all the planets, but Saturn is the least sympathetic to +her. + +Her angel is Anael. + +Mercury is of a soft silver colour. His greatest north latitude is 3 +degrees 33 minutes. His greatest south latitude is 3 degrees 33 +minutes. + +When he rises well-dignified at a birth the native is a person of +subtle intellect, an excellent logician, and possessing much eloquence +in his speech; sharp and witty, of admirable memory, curious in occult +knowledge, given to divination, and, if he should turn his attention to +trade, no man would exceed him in the invention of new ways to gain +wealth. + +In person, when Mercury rises well-dignified, the native is of rather +small stature, but elegantly formed, very active and supple in his +limbs, and with long arms; he will have a long, narrow face, a high +forehead, rather swelling at the temples, grey eyes with brown spots in +them, delicate mouth, straight eyebrows, a skin of a pale yellow or +olive colour, the hair of a red-brown, commonly called auburn. + +When ill-dignified at birth Mercury gives a person of very small +stature, with small, insignificant features and very small and +quickly-moving eyes; and in character he is shifty, a boaster, +foolishly loquacious and a great liar. + +He rules the liver, the tongue and the nerves, and the illnesses he +gives are epilepsy, giddiness, dry cough, any affection of the tongue, +and all nervous affections. + +The herbs attributed to him are generally those having a subtle smell, +and having effect on the tongue, brain, lungs, or memory; they are +vervain, adder's-tongue, aniseed, dragon-wort, and the reed. + +The trees are the elder and the filbert-tree. + +The animals are the squirrel, the weasel, the spider, the greyhound, +the fox, the ape and all cunning and quickly-moving creatures. + +The birds, the parrot, the magpie, the crane, the linnet and the +swallow. + +Of fish, the jack-fish and the mullet. + +His metal is quicksilver. + +His stones all those of divers colours, white and red carnelian and +marcasite, or fire-stone. + +In colours he rules azure, and all light blue colours. + +His orb is 7 degrees before and after any aspect. + +He governs Wednesday--the first hour and the eighth after sunrise. His +number is 114. The Moon, Venus, Jupiter, the Sun and Saturn are his +friends; Mars is his enemy. + +His angel is Raphael. + +The Moon is the nearest to the earth of all the seven planets. She +finishes her course through the whole twelve signs in 27 days 7 hours +and 36 seconds. Her greatest north latitude is 5 degrees and about 17 +minutes, her greatest south latitude 5 degrees and 12 minutes. + +When she rises well-placed in a horoscope, she signifies a person of +soft and gentle manners, timid, imaginative, loving pleasure and ease, +yet fond of moving from place to place, rather capricious, but of a +poetic and romantic turn of mind. In person, those born under good +aspects of the Moon are of middle height, with a round head and face, +pale, soft skin, large light eyes, usually one a little larger than the +other. The whole body inclined to be fleshy, the lips full, and the +hair of a dull, light colour, but not at all inclined to gold. + +When the Moon is ill-aspected at birth the native is indolent, +sometimes a drunkard and vagabond, generally a liar, and, as Lilly puts +it, "a muddling creature." + +The Moon governs the left side and the bladder. She gives dropsy, all +cold and rheumatic diseases, colds or hurts in the eyes, convulsive +fits, hysteria, and feminine weaknesses. + +The plants she governs are all those which have soft, juicy leaves, +such as the lettuce, the melon, the gourd, the poppy, mushroom, cabbage +and colewort. Of trees, all those which have round, spreading leaves, +such as the lime-tree and the sycamore. + +The beasts she rules are those which love the water, as the otter and +the seal. + +She rules all sea fowl and also the goose, the duck and the night owl. + +Of fish, the oyster, the cockle and the lobster. + +Her colours are light greenish-blue mixed with white. + +Her metal is silver. + +Her stones, pearls, diamonds, opals, crystals and selenite. + +Her orb is 12 degrees before and after any aspect. + +Her day is Monday; the first hour and the eighth after sunrise are +hers. Her number is 45. + +Her friends are Venus, Jupiter, the Sun, Saturn and Mercury. + +Her enemy among the planets is Mars. + +Her angel is Gabriel. + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter VI._] + + + + +CHAPTER VI. + +CONCERNING THE TWELVE HOUSES OF HEAVEN AND THEIR POWERS + + +The ancient astrologers divided the heavens into twelve houses. + +_The First House._--This is called the _Ascendant_, and the planet +rising therein--whether well or ill-dignified--will materially affect +the mind, bodily appearance and fate of the native through his whole +existence. This house is masculine, and governs the head and face of +man and, if the planet Mars be in this house at the time of birth, +there will always be some blemish or mole in the face of the native; if +a few out of the degrees have ascended the scar or blemish is, without +fail, on the upper part of the head; if the middle part of the sign +ascends the mark is in the middle of the face; if the latter part of +the sign is ascending the mark is near the chin. This house represents +the head, the tongue and the memory, and it governs in colours white. + +_The Second House._--This house has signification of the native's +wealth and worldly goods. The house is feminine, ruling the neck, and +the colour is green. + +_The Third House._--This governs brothers and sisters, short journeys, +neighbours, letters and writings. It is masculine and governs the +hands, arms and shoulders; its colours are red and yellow mixed. + +_The Fourth House._--This rules the father, inheritances or property of +the native, and shows his condition at the close of life. It is +feminine, and rules the stomach, breast and lungs; its colour is red. + +_The Fifth House._--This signifies the children of the native, also his +success in speculation and hazardous games, the pleasures he enjoys and +the wealth of the father. It rules the heart, back and liver, is +masculine, and represents in colour black and white mixed. + +_The Sixth House._--This concerns the native's servants, sheep, goats +and small cattle. It also signifies the father's kindred. This house is +feminine. It rules the belly and intestines and its colour is black. + +_The Seventh House_ gives judgment of marriage and describes the man or +woman in all love questions. It is masculine, it rules the haunches, +and its colour is black. + +_The Eighth House_ argues of death, of legacies and wills, also of the +kind of death a man shall die; it is a feminine house. It rules the +lower parts of the trunk of the body; its colours are green and black. + +_The Ninth House_ gives judgment on voyages and long journeys, and also +on events happening to the wife's kindred. It rules the hips and +thighs. It is a masculine house; its colours are green and white. + +_The Tenth House_ is called the _Mid-heaven_, and is feminine. This +concerns the native's mother, and also his calling. It rules the knees +and hams, and its colours are red and white. + +_The Eleventh House_ represents friends and friendship. It is masculine +and rules the legs. + +_The Twelfth House._--This house is often called the _Evil Dæmon_, for +it is the house of sorrow, self-undoing, enemies and imprisonment. It +governs great cattle. It is feminine, and rules the feet and toes, and +in colour it governs green. + +The strongest houses are the first (the _Ascendant_) and the tenth (the +_Mid-heaven_). The first, fourth, seventh, and tenth are called Angular +Houses, and represent the four cardinal points of the compass; thus the +first is east, the seventh west, the fourth is north, and the tenth +south. The second, fifth, eighth, and eleventh houses are called +Succedent Houses; the third, sixth, ninth, and twelfth houses are +termed Cadent Houses (see plate 1). Any planet posited in a Cadent +House is regarded as weak in its effects on the native. It is necessary +to have thoroughly mastered the influences of the twelve houses, as +well as those of the seven planets, and of the signs of the zodiac, +before attempting to cast a nativity or to work a horary question. + + + + +CHAPTER VII. + +AN EXPLANATION OF VARIOUS TERMS USED IN ASTROLOGY + + +_Ascension, Right._--The distance any body or point in the heavens is +from the beginning of the ecliptic or first point of Aries. It is +measured in degrees and minutes of a degree. It is thus abbreviated, A. +R. + +_Ascension, Oblique._--If a star be not on the equator, it will, when +it rises, form an angle with that part of the equator which is rising +at the same time, and this is called its + +_Ascensional Difference._--This, added to its right ascension (A. R.) +if it have _south_ declination, but subtracted from it if it have +_north_ declination, gives its oblique ascension. + +_Application_ signifies the approach of two planets and is of three +kinds: first, when a planet, swift of motion, applies to one of slower +progress: for example, we will suppose Mercury posited in 16 degrees of +the sign Gemini, and Mars in 21 degrees of the same sign (_both being +in direct motion_), Mercury being swifter would overtake and form a +conjunction with Mars, which is termed a _direct application_. The +second kind of application is formed by two retrograde planets: thus we +will suppose Mercury in 16 degrees of Gemini and Saturn in 15 degrees +of the same sign, both retrograde. Mercury being the swiftest planet, +applies to Saturn, a more ponderous planet, by retrogradation, and this +is called a _retrograde application_. The third kind of application is +when one planet, being direct in motion, meets another which is +retrograde: for instance, we will suppose Mercury retrograde in 16 +degrees of Gemini, and Saturn _direct_ in motion in 12 degrees of the +same sign; here Mercury, being the higher planet, _applies to a +conjunction_ of Saturn by a retrograde motion. These two last are +considered _evil_ applications. It should also be remembered that the +superior planets, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars, never apply to the inferior +planets, Venus, Mercury and the Moon, except by retrograde motion; but +the inferior planets apply in both ways. + +_Besieging_ signifies a planet situated between the two malevolent +planets, Saturn and Mars: thus, if Saturn were in the 12th degree of +Aries, Jupiter in the 14th, and Mars in the 16th, Jupiter would then be +_besieged_ by the two malefic planets, Saturn and Mars. This is, of +course, an evil position. + +_Cazimi._--A planet is said to be in _cazimi_ when it is in the heart +of the Sun: that is, only 17 minutes before or after the Sun. All +astrologers agree that a planet is fortified by this position, but a +planet when _combust_ is very evil in its influences. + +_Direct motion_ signifies that a planet is moving on its natural +course, according to the succession of the signs of the zodiac: thus a +planet is _direct in motion_ when it moves from Aries to Taurus, or +from Taurus to Gemini. + +_Frustration_ means the approach of a swift planet to an aspect with +one of slower motion; but before it can approach near enough to join +that aspect the more weighty planet is joined to some other, by which +the first aspect is frustrated. + +_Hayz_ is when a masculine diurnal planet is situated above the horizon +in the daytime, or when a feminine nocturnal planet is placed below the +horizon in the night-time; this is fortunate in its influence. + +_Node._--That part of the ecliptic where a planet passes out of north +into south latitude is its south node; that where it goes into north +latitude is its north node. + +_Oriental and Occidental._--A planet, when oriental, rises before the +Sun; when occidental sets after him and is seen above the horizon when +the Sun is down; consequently, when a planet is oriental it is posited +in the east, and when occidental, in the west. + +From the fourth house eastward to the tenth is oriental and from the +tenth westward to the fourth is occidental. But [Sun] or [Moon] are +_oriental_ between the first and tenth and its opposite quarter and are +_occidental_ between the tenth and seventh and its opposite quarter. + +_Void of course_ is when a planet is separated from another planet, and +does not, during its continuance in the same sign, form any aspect with +any other planet. This most usually happens with the Moon. The effect +of this is + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter VIII._] + + + + +CHAPTER VIII. + +OF THE FIGURE OF THE HEAVENS + + +This was formerly termed a _horoscope_, but is now more generally +called a _figure of the heavens_. It is simply a scheme, or plan, +representing an accurate picture of the heavens--that is, of the +positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets, and, in some instances, of the +fixed stars also, for the moment at which a child is born. In horary +questions the figure is drawn for the required time, which may be the +moment of the propounding of a question to an astrologer, or of the +occurrence of any event of the result of which astrological information +is desired. + +This map, which contains the twelve divisions already described as the +twelve houses of heaven, may be drawn in either a square or circular +form. Lilly and other mediæval writers use both forms indiscriminately; +but as the latter is more easily understood, the diagram (plate 2) is +drawn up in that manner. It will be seen that it is formed of three +circles. In the centre space the date, time and place of the event of a +horary question are entered, and in a nativity the name, sex and moment +of birth of the native. The next space (divided into twelve equal parts +for the houses) is reserved for the planets and in the outer space are +placed the signs of the zodiac, with the number of their degrees, on +the cusp of each house. The cusps of the Houses are represented by that +line between each house. Having obtained an Ephemeris, or astrological +almanack[7] for the year required, we must find the Sidereal Time for +the day and month of the birth, or question; then, if the time of the +event be _before_ noon we must _deduct_ the difference between the +given time and noon from the Sidereal Time of the day; for example, on +the day of the event (the 9th January, 1889), the Sidereal Time at noon +is shown by the Ephemeris to be 19 hours 16 minutes 51 seconds, if the +birth had been at 9 a.m. The difference between 9 a.m. and noon is 3 +hours. We should, therefore, have to _deduct_ 3 hours from 19 hours 16 +minutes 51 seconds, which gives 16 hours 16 minutes 51 seconds, the +Sidereal Time required. + + [7] Zadkiel's and Raphael's are both good; the following + figure is worked after the Ephemeris of the latter. + +As the event is supposed to happen at 3 in the _afternoon_, we must +_add_ the difference between noon and the time given to the Sidereal +Time of the day. The difference between noon and 3 p.m. is 3 hours, +and, as the Sidereal Time on the 9th January, 1889, is 19 hours 16 +minutes 51 seconds, we _add_ 3 hours to this amount, which gives 22 +hours 16 minutes 51 seconds, the Sidereal Time required. + +We must now proceed to place the signs for 3 p.m. on the 9th January, +1889, which is thus done: We turn to the "Table of Houses" (which will +be found at the end of the Ephemeris), and having found (under the +column headed "Sidereal Time") the nearest time to 22 hours 16 minutes +51 seconds, which in this case is 22 hours 16 minutes 48 seconds for +the latitude of London, we see in the next column (headed 10) the sign +(Pisces), and the number 3° opposite our Sidereal Time, showing that +the third degree of Pisces is on the cusp of the 10th house, In the +next column (headed 11) we see [Aries], and the number 7°; we therefore +place 7° [Aries] on the cusp of the 11th house, next 24° [Taurus] on +the 12th; then 7° 5' [Cancer] on the Ascendant (or first house), 23° +[Cancer] on the 2nd and 10° [Leo] on the 3rd; for the remaining houses +we place the signs _in order_ opposite to those already given, keeping +the same number of degrees to each corresponding house and sign. The +opposite house to the 10th is the 4th, and the opposite sign to +[Pisces] is [Virgo]; we therefore place 3° [Virgo] on the cusp of the +4th house, and so on of the rest. It will, however, now be seen that +the two signs [Gemini] and [Sagittarius] are missing; these signs are +"intercepted," which means that they lie between two houses without +occupying the cusp of either; they must, therefore, be placed in their +order _between_ the cusps of the houses. This is, of course, not always +the case, and some horoscopes will have no intercepted signs. + + +HOW TO PLACE THE PLANETS. + +In the Ephemeris the longitudes of the planets are given daily for mean +noon; so, to find the _exact_ place of a planet for a given time, we +must note the difference of longitude between the previous noon and +noon of the day for drawing the map for a.m. and for p.m., the +difference between noon of the day and noon of the day after. This +_difference_ is the motion of the planet in 24 hours, which we must +work thus: As 24 hours are to--hours (_i.e._, the difference between +the given time and noon), so is the daily motion to the motion +required. For example, the [Sun] at noon on the 6th January is +(omitting seconds) in 19° 29' [Capricorn], and on the 10th January at +noon he is in 20° 30' [Capricorn], which gives a daily motion of 59 +minutes. We must find his place for 3 p.m. on the 9th January. As 24 +hours are to 3 hours, so are 59 minutes to the time required; this +equals about 7 minutes, which we add to the [Sun]'s longitude at noon +on the 9th. If the event had been for a.m. this amount would have been +_deducted_ from the [Sun]'s longitude at noon on the day of the event. +We must proceed in the same way for the other planets and place them in +the map according to their positions in respect to the degrees on the +cusps of the houses. The [Sun] will be in 19° 36' [Capricorn], or about +the middle of the 7th house. And note that the number of degrees of a +sign on the cusp of any house shows that that sign commenced _in_ the +previous house. Supposing the [Sun] had been 1° of [Capricorn], we +should then have placed it in the 6th house, a little below the cusp of +the 7th. When a planet is _Retrograde_ (shown in the Ephemeris thus, +_R._), we _add_ the amount to the longitude when the event is before +noon or a.m., and _deduct_ it from the longitude when the event is +after noon or p.m. The mode of giving the judgment on a horoscope will +be shown farther on. + + + + +CHAPTER IX. + +OF THE INFLUENCES OF THE FIXED STARS + + +The fixed stars are so called because they appear to keep at the same +distance from one another in the heavens. All of these stars have their +respective influences analogous to those of the planets. The following +table of the principal fixed stars, with their several magnitudes and +natures, will be found useful. It is only those of the first and second +magnitude which much affect us; the influence of those stars marked as +of fourth magnitude is very slight. The time of the rising and setting +of the fixed stars varies according to the latitudes of the places of +observation. Their longitudes increase at the annual rate of 50 +seconds, but their latitudes vary very little. The right ascension and +declinations of the numerous fixed stars are given every year in the +Nautical Almanack. + + + TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL FIXED STARS, WITH THEIR MAGNITUDES AND + NATURES. + + _Stars._ _Magnitudes._ _Natures._ + + South End of the Tail of the Whale 2 Of the nature of Saturn. + The Star in the Wing of Pegasus 2 Mars and Mercury. + The Head of Andromeda 2 Jupiter and Venus. + The Whale's Belly 4 Saturn. + The Girdle of Andromeda 2 Venus. + The Bright Star in the Head of Aries 3 Saturn and Mars. + The Left Foot of Andromeda 2 Venus. + The Bright Star in the Jaw of the Whale 2 Saturn. + Caput Algol 2 Saturn and Jupiter. + The Pleiades or Seven Stars 5 Mars and the Moon. + The Middle Star in the Pleiades 3 Mars and the Moon. + Oculus Taurus 3 Venus. + Aldebaran 1 Mars. + Rigel 1 Jupiter and Venus. + The Foremost Shoulder of Orion 2 Mars and Mercury. + The She-Goat 1 Mercury and Mars. + The Middle Star in Orion's Belt 2 Jupiter and Saturn. + The Highest Star in the Head of Orion 4 Jupiter and Saturn. + The Star in the Horn of the Bull 3 Mars. + Propus 4 Mars. + The Right Shoulder of Auriga 2 Mars and Mercury. + The Foot of Gemini 2 Mercury and Venus. + Castor 2 Mars, Venus and Saturn. + Pollux 2 Mars. + The Smaller Dog Star 2 Mercury and Mars. + Præsepe[8] 1 Mars and the Moon. + North Asellus 4 Mars and the Sun. + South Asellus 4 Mars and the Sun. + Cor Leonis or Regulus 1 Mars. + Heart of Hydra 1 Saturn and Venus. + Vindemiatrix 3 Saturn, Venus and Mercury. + The Back of the Lion 2 Saturn and Venus. + The Tail of the Lion 1 Saturn, Venus and Mercury. + Crater 4 Venus and Mercury. + Arcturus 1 Jupiter and Mars. + The Virgin's Spike or Arista 1 Venus and Mars. + The South Balance 2 Saturn and Venus. + The North Balance 2 Jupiter and Mars. + The Left Hand of Ophiucus 3 Mars and Saturn. + The Highest Star in Head of Scorpio 2 Saturn and Venus. + The Left Knee of Ophiucus 3 Saturn and Venus. + Cor Scorpio 2 Mars and Jupiter. + Antares 1 Mars. + The Right Knee of Ophiucus 3 Saturn and Venus. + The Bright Star of the Vulture 2 Saturn and Mercury. + The Mouth of Pegasus 3 Venus and Mercury. + The Tail of the Goat 3 Saturn. + Marchab 2 Mars and Mercury. + Fomalhaut 1 Venus and Mercury. + Scheat-Pegasi 2 Saturn. + + [8] The nebulous mass in the body of the Crab. + +To know when any of these fixed stars will affect the horoscope we must +note the sign and degree on the cusps of the houses, and if (on +consulting the Ephemeris) any of these stars should be found to be +ascending or descending within five degrees of the signs upon the cusps +of the several houses, they must be entered in the same manner as the +planets, and their qualities weighed according to the nature of the +planet or planets with which they correspond, as shown by the table +given. + +The influences of the fixed stars are not much considered by the modern +astrologers, yet in certain positions their power is undeniable. The +conjunction and opposition are the only aspects to be considered in +regard to them, as they do not operate on the planets by sextile, +square, or trine aspects. When a fixed star happens to be in +conjunction with the Sun at birth, certain effects are distinctly +traceable. For example, the Sun conjoined with Aldebaran, Hercules, +Antares, or any fixed star having the nature of Mars, threatens a +violent death, or, at best, constant illness to the native. The Sun, +with the Pleiades, Castor, Pollux, or Præsepe, shows a cruel and +headstrong disposition in the native and the _probability_ of violent +death. The star Arista, with the Sun, gives great and lasting good +fortune. All the stars of the nature of Saturn, conjoined with the Sun, +bring calamity and disgrace. When a fixed star, whose latitude does not +differ much from that of the Moon, is in conjunction with her, certain +effects are produced; for instance, when she is conjoined with +Aldebaran or Pollux violent death is indicated; when with the Pleiades +injury to the eyes or blindness. The Moon with Antares and in +opposition to Saturn with Aldebaran, shows death by strangulation. The +Moon, with Aldebaran or Antares either in the ascendant or in the +mid-heaven, gives brilliant honours, but not without many attendant +dangers and hair-breadth escapes. Fixed stars of the _first_ magnitude, +near the cusp of the seventh house, show a rich wife, but her +disposition will sympathise with the planetary qualities of the star. +Fomalhaut and Rigel, in either the ascendant or mid-heaven, give fame +after death. Sirius, the Dog Star, in conjunction with the Sun, either +in the ascendant or mid-heaven, gives preferment and honours from +royalty. Caput Algol, in conjunction with the Sun in the eighth house +and in square to Mars, shows decapitation. + + + + +CHAPTER X. + +OF THE EFFECT OF EACH PLANET IN EACH OF THE TWELVE HOUSES + + +Saturn in the first house, or ascendant, shows melancholy and many +sorrows, and if near the ascendant probability of early death; in the +second house pecuniary troubles; in the third quarrels with brothers +and sisters, and dangers and losses in travelling; in the fourth house +death of father or mother, and loss of friends; in the fifth barrenness +or death of children; in the sixth illness, worries with servants and +losses from cattle; in the seventh an ungovernable wife and unhappy +marriage; in the eighth violent death and loss of legacies; in the +ninth losses by sea; in the tenth dishonour and imprisonment; in the +eleventh deep depression and false friends; in the twelfth sorrow, +trouble and persecution from secret enemies. If the planet is +strong--that is, well-dignified--these evils are much lessened. + +Jupiter in the first house gives a good, happy and long life; in the +second riches; in the third family affection and fortunate short +journeys; in the fourth lands and inheritance with an honourable life +and end; in the fifth many children who are good and affectionate; in +the sixth faithful servants and fortunate dealings respecting cattle; +in the seventh honourable marriage; in the eighth long life and natural +death; in the ninth profitable sea voyages; in the tenth preferment and +honours; in the eleventh faithful friends; in the twelfth victory over +secret enemies. This, of course, means when the planet is strong in +dignities; if weak the good will be somewhat abated. + +Mars in the first house shows shortness of life and scars on the head +or face; in the second poverty and troubles; in the third quarrels with +kindred and dangers in travelling; in the fourth short life to the +fathers; in the fifth disobedient children; in the sixth fevers, bad +servants, and loss of cattle; in the seventh sensuality and unhappiness +in marriage; in the eighth a violent death; in the ninth irreligion and +losses at sea; in the tenth military preferment, but troubles from +great dignitaries; in the eleventh false friends and loss of money; in +the twelfth imprisonment. This is when Mars is afflicted, but if +well-aspected these evils are somewhat abated. + +The Sun in the first house gives honour, glory, and long life; in the +second much riches, but great extravagance; in the third good brethren +and fortunate journeys; in the fourth a noble inheritance and honours +in old age; in the fifth few children, yet such as will be a comfort; +in the sixth diseases of the mind; in the seventh a good wife, +honourable adversaries, and sickness; in the eighth good dowry with the +wife, but danger of a violent death; in the ninth gain by the sea, and +ecclesiastical dignities; in the tenth gain from princes and noble +women; in the eleventh distinguished friendships; in the twelfth +powerful adversaries. This is if the Sun is well-dignified; if weak the +good fortune is not so pronounced. + +Venus in the first house gives good health, but sensuality as regards +the opposite sex; in the second riches by means of women; in the third, +in a woman's horoscope, by means of lovers above her in rank; in the +fourth inheritance; in the fifth many children; in the sixth illness +from excesses; in the seventh a good and beautiful wife and very few +enemies; in the eighth a good dowry with the wife and a natural death; +in the ninth good fortune by sea; in the tenth honour and preferment +through the means of some one of the opposite sex; in the eleventh +sympathetic friends; in the twelfth freedom from the power of private +enemies. This if Venus be strong; if weak the good fortune is less +pronounced. + +Mercury in the first house gives noble thoughts, graceful elocution, +and love of art and science; in the second profit by intellectual work; +in the third mathematical skill, swift and prosperous journeys; in the +fourth the gain of an inheritance by craftiness; in the fifth clever +children; in the sixth thieving servants and diseases of the brain; in +the seventh a fomenter of quarrels, but a discreet wife; in the eighth +death by consumption; in the ninth wonderful ability, especially in +occult matters; in the tenth much preferment for ability; in the +eleventh inconstant friends; in the twelfth secret enemies, but they +will not much affect the destiny. This is when Mercury is +well-dignified. If weak the good fortune is much lessened. + +The Moon in the ascendant, or first house, shows the native will travel +and will gain the favour of noble persons; in the second she sometimes +gives unstable fortune, riches, and poverty alternately; in the third +long journeys; in the fourth profit by travelling; in the fifth many +children; in the sixth diseases of the brain, but good servants; in the +seventh honourable marriage; in the eighth danger by drowning, but +otherwise a long and healthy life; in the ninth many long sea voyages, +inconstancy in religion, and love of art; in the tenth great honours; +in the eleventh the friendship of noble personages; in the twelfth the +common people will be the native's enemies and do him much wrong. + +The Dragon's Head when posited in the first house shows poverty; in the +second a good estate; in the third honest kindred and fortunate +journeys; in the fourth gain by travels; in the fifth long life and +good children; in the sixth health and good servants; in the seventh a +virtuous wife; in the eighth many legacies and a natural death; in the +ninth prosperity at sea; in the tenth honour; in the eleventh faithful +friends; in the twelfth open enemies. + +The Dragon's Tail in the same places signifies the contrary in all +things. + + + + +CHAPTER XI. + +ON FORMING A GENERAL JUDGMENT ON A NATIVITY + + +Respecting the distribution of the doctrine of nativities, we are to +consider first the _parents_, then the duration of life; the shape and +figure of the body; after these the quality of the mind; then as to +fortune in regard to honours as well as wealth. In succession to these +the character of the employment; the questions relative to marriage, +children, and friendships; then that concerning travel; and lastly, +that concerning the _kind_ of death which awaits the native from the +configuration of the heavens at his birth. + +_The Parents._--In conformity with nature, says Ptolemy, the Sun and +Saturn are allotted to the person of the father, and the Moon and Venus +to that of the mother; and the mode in which these luminaries and +planets may be found posited, with reference to each other as well as +to other planets and stars, will intimate the situation of affairs +affecting the parents. + +If Mars should be in bad aspect to the Sun, the father will receive +some injury to the face or die suddenly; but a long life is presaged if +Jupiter or Venus be in any mode whatever configurated with either the +Sun or Saturn. + +If Mars be succedent to the Moon or Venus, or in quartile or opposition +to them, or if Saturn be similarly aspected to the Moon only, and both +of them be void of course or retrograde, or cadent, adverse accidents +and disease will attend the mother; should they, on the other hand, be +swift in motion and placed in angles, they portend that her life will +be short or grievously afflicted. + +Should the Sun be configurated, in any mode whatever, with the Moon or +Venus, or should Venus herself be harmoniously configurated with the +Moon, either by the sextile, the trine, or the conjunction, the mother +will live long. + +Concerning the duration of the native's own life, the Hylegliacal[9] +places are, according to Ptolemy, the sign on the angle of the +ascendant from the fifth degree above the horizon to the twenty-fifth +degree below it; the thirty degrees in dexter sextile thereto +constituting the eleventh house; also the thirty degrees in dexter +quartile forming the Mid-heaven above the earth; those in dexter trine +making the ninth house; and, lastly, those in opposition belonging to +the angle of the west. + + [9] Hyleg is the word used for that body or point which is + the giver of life. + +Among these places, the degrees which constitute the Mid-heaven are +entitled to preference, as being of a more potent influence; the +degrees in the Ascendant are next in virtue; then the degrees in the +eleventh house, succedent to the Mid-heaven; then those in the angle of +the west; and, lastly, those in the ninth house, which precedes the +Mid-heaven. + +He also holds that "the Sun, the Moon, and the Ascendant to be +considered as the four principally liable to be elected to the office +of prorogator"--or HYLEG. + +These views are not adopted by the modern astrologers, but as this is a +book _setting forth the ancient methods_ it is needless to discuss +the various objections made by them to this, as to some other of the +theories laid down by Ptolemy. + +Among the four prorogators already given, the Sun by day is to be +preferred, provided he is placed in one of the Hylegliacal places, and +if not, the Moon; but if the Moon also should not be so posited that +planet is to be elected as Hyleg which may have most claims to dominion +in reference to the Sun, the Moon and the Ascendant, which means that +the planet should have dominion, in any one of the places where these +are situated, by at least three dignities. If, however, no planet +should be so circumstanced the Ascendant is then to be taken as Hyleg. + +By night the Moon is to be elected as prorogator, provided, in like +manner, she should be in some prorogatory place; and if she be not, the +Sun; if he also be not in any prorogatory place, then that planet which +may have most right of dominion in reference to the Moon, and the +antecedent full Moon, and the Part of Fortune. But if there be no +planet claiming dominion in the mode prescribed the Ascendant must be +taken; in case a new Moon had last preceded the birth; but if a full +Moon, the Part of Fortune. + +If the two luminaries and also some ruling planet of appropriate +condition should be each posited in a prorogatory place, then, provided +one luminary may be found to occupy some place more important and +influential than the others, that luminary must be chosen; but should +the ruling planet occupy the stronger place, and have prerogatives of +dominion suitable to the conditions of both luminaries, the planet must +then be preferred to either of them. + +When the Hyleg has been determined by the foregoing rules, then note +whether it is supported by benevolent planets in good aspects towards +it and free from affliction--that is, from evil aspects from evil +planets--if so, the life is likely to continue and the constitution to +be strong; but if the Hyleg, whether it be the Sun, the Moon, or the +Ascendant, be afflicted with evil planets and there be no assistance +from good planets, the child will die in infancy: if there be some +assistance from good planets, but yet the evil aspects exceed the good, +the constitution will be weak and the first train of evil directions +will destroy the life. + +Concerning the disposition and quality of the mind, we must look +principally to the planets in the Ascendant, the influences of which +over mind and body have already been given in the chapter on the seven +planets. We must, however, always bear in mind that Mercury has chief +dominion over the mental faculties, whilst the sentient passions are +governed by the Moon and the planet in the ascendant. The Moon +well-aspected, that is, in trine, sextile, or conjunction to Mercury at +birth, will give to the native excellent abilities, ingenuity, +versatility and wit. Even the evil aspects of the square and opposition +are better than no aspects at all, though these sometimes produce a +cynical and obstinate nature. + +The abilities of those born when Mercury is in "cazimi" (that is, +within seventeen minutes of the Sun's centre) are of the highest order. + +Mercury in conjunction with Saturn at birth gives clear judgment and a +love of occult subjects. + +Venus in good aspect with Mercury gives love of music and an artistic +nature. + +If Mercury and the Moon throw no aspect to each other and are afflicted +by Mars and Saturn, the native will be liable to become insane.[10] + + [10] This was the case at the birth of George the Third of + England; at that of the Emperor Paul of Russia; Maria, Queen + of Portugal; Charles the Second, King of Spain; and Murad the + Fifth, Sultan of Turkey; and all these sovereigns, as is well + known, became insane. + +The fortune of wealth is determined by the Sun and the Moon; if they +are in good position, that is, angular and well-aspected by the two +luminaries, the native will be rich. If the Sun and the Moon are well +placed, and if there be benefic stars in the Mid-heaven, the native +will rank high in the world. If the contrary, the native never rises +above mediocrity; and if Saturn afflicts the Mid-heaven, he meets +disgrace. If Mars is strong and in good aspect to the Sun and Moon, he +will gain military glory. Jupiter on the Mid-heaven and the Sun and +Moon in trine to each other, the Moon, having the trine of Jupiter, is +one of the best positions for rising in the world. Jupiter in the tenth +house will cause the native to do fairly well in the world; but Saturn +in that house, if not extremely well-aspected, will bring him to shame +and beggary. + +Concerning the nature of employment, the dominion of the employment is +claimed by the Sun and by the planet on the Mid-heaven. If Mercury +should rule alone he produces writers, teachers of science, merchants +and bankers; also, if well-aspected to Saturn and the Moon, astrologers +and students of all occult matters; if Jupiter is in conjunction, then +the native will be an orator, actor, or painter and his pursuits will +lead him into the society of persons of rank. + +Venus ruling makes wine-merchants, dealers in colours, dyes, perfumes, +drugs, garments or apparel, &c.; if connected with Saturn, she makes +persons have to do with amusement, players, jugglers, &c.; if with +Jupiter, persons attending exhibitions and priests who have much +personal decoration such as Catholic priests, bishops, &c. and they +will gain by women. Mars ruling alone makes martial men and, if in +Scorpio, Cancer, or Pisces, naval men.[11] The Sun joined with him, +being near the Mid-heaven, or in aspect, makes persons dealing with +fire or metals, the latter especially if in Taurus or Leo. If Mars be +separated from the Sun, he makes shipwrights, smiths, agriculturists, +stonemasons and carpenters. + + [11] At Admiral Nelson's birth Mars was rising in the sign + Scorpio. + +If Saturn bear testimony in addition to Mars, persons become mariners, +workers in mines, wells, vaults, &c., underground, keepers of cattle, +cooks, butchers. If Jupiter join with Mars, they will be soldiers, +innkeepers, tax-gatherers, mechanics. If Mercury and Venus become joint +arbiters of employment, they produce musicians, dancers, poets, weavers +and painters, &c. Jupiter in connection with them makes magistrates and +senators and also teachers of youth. Mercury with Mars makes surgeons, +statuaries, boxers. If Mercury be more powerful, they will be +scientific; and if Mars be stronger, they will be more violent and +cruel in their practices.[12] If Saturn join these two, they will be +thieves (especially if the Moon be in ill aspect to Mercury); if [Moon] +be in ill aspect to [Mars], they will be robbers or assassins. If +Jupiter join [Mercury] and [Mars], they engage in honourable warfare +and are industrious. If Venus and Mars rule together, persons will be +dyers, workers in tin, lead, gold, silver and medical drugs. + + [12] Probably vivisectionists. + +The Moon regulating the employment and, separating from the Sun and +forming an aspect with Mercury, inclines to the pursuit of astrology, +spiritualism and magic. + +_Concerning Marriage_, Ptolemy has laid down some very clear +rules. He advises persons about to marry to have a care that the +luminaries--that is, the Sun and Moon in their respective +nativities--are in concord. It is of happy augury if the Moon in the +bridegroom's nativity is in good aspect--that is, in trine or sextile +to the Sun in the bride's nativity. The Square or Opposition aspects +formed between the luminaries in the two nativities indicate discord +and separation, and very evil effects follow if the malefic planets, +Saturn and Mars, have a bad aspect to the Sun and Moon in both +nativities. If Venus be with them the separation will be caused by +adultery. Good planets, such as Jupiter and Venus, placed between the +luminaries in both nativities, show much happiness. + +In men's nativities the Moon must be chiefly considered in regard to +marriage. Should she be in her first or third quarter at birth, the man +will marry under thirty, or if older his wife will be a very young +woman. + +If the Moon be configurated with Saturn, she entirely denies marriage. +If she should be in a sign of single form, such as Libra or Taurus, the +native will marry only once, but if she should be placed in a +double-bodied sign, such as Pisces or Sagittarius, the man will marry +more than once. + +If the Moon make application to the benefics, the wives will be good +and true; but if she make application to evil planets, the wives will +prove either bad or of a quarrelsome disposition. For example: If +Saturn receives the Moon's application the wife will prove troublesome +and morose, yet constant and industrious; if Jupiter receive it, the +wife will be decorous, good and economical; if Mars, bold and +refractory; if Venus, cheerful, handsome and agreeable; if Mercury, +sensible, prudent and clever. + +Women in whose nativities Venus is configurated with Jupiter or Mercury +are virtuous and well-conducted; but, when Venus is with Mars and no +other planet is there, women born under such aspects are liable to +become licentious. Mars in square to Venus shows adultery. + +For women the Sun is to be chiefly regarded in estimating their chances +of marriage and happiness. If the Sun be oriental (_i.e._, between +the Ascendant and Mid-heaven, or between the Descendant and Nadir) the +native will marry in her youth; or when old, to a young man. If the Sun +be occidental, the native will marry late in life; or when young, to an +old man. If the Sun be in a sign of single form, she will marry but +once; if in a double-bodied sign, or configurated with several oriental +planets (in one sign) she will marry more than once. If Saturn be +configurated with the Sun, the husband will be steadfast, prosperous +and industrious. + +Jupiter configurated with the Sun gives a good, benevolent and +honourable husband. "Mars," says Ptolemy, "gives a severe husband, void +of affection and intractable." Venus gives an amiable husband of +handsome appearance. Mercury gives one who is provident and expert in +business and of a lively and cheerful temperament. + +If Mars be separated from Venus and Saturn, yet have the assistance of +Jupiter, men will lead virtuous lives. If Mars be configurated with +Venus _only_ men are of a licentious temperament. + +Saturn, when in the 7th house of a nativity, brings either unhappiness +in marriage or early death of one or other of the married people. The +Sun badly aspected by Saturn in the nativity of a woman and the Moon +afflicted by the same planet in the nativity of a man, will bring +trouble in love and marriage. + +_Description of the wife or husband._--The planet with the sign in +which it is placed, which is posited near the cusp of the 7th house, +must be taken to describe the person. If no planet should happen to be +so placed, then we must go by the sign alone. Benefic planets in the +8th house show that the wife or husband will be rich; unfortunate +planets show the reverse. + +_Children._--As regards the probability of having children, the 10th +and 11th houses must be consulted and, should there be no planets in +them, then the opposite, the 4th and 5th houses, must be considered. +The Moon, Jupiter and Venus are said to be givers of children; the Sun, +Mars and Saturn deny children, or give very few and those either die +early, or are a source of trouble to their parents. Mercury either +gives or denies according to the planets with which he may happen to be +posited. + +If the Sun and malefics be in barren signs or in masculine signs and in +the before-named houses, there will be no children; but if they be in +fruitful or feminine, or common signs, there may be children, but they +will be delicate and short-lived. + +If Jupiter, the Moon and Venus, are well-dignified in the 10th and 11th +houses, the children born will attain rank and distinction in the +world. + +_Friends and Enemies._--Persons born under the same sign of the +zodiac are likely to be sympathetic; so also if the planet in the +ascendant of one person's nativity is one which is friendly to that +which rises in the ascendant in the other's. Thus, a person whose +ruling planet is Venus would be attracted by one in whose ascendant +Mars is dominant and a person whose ruling planet is the Moon rarely +contracts a warm friendship with one who has Mars in the ascendant of +his nativity and _vice versâ_. The friendships and enmities of the +planets have already been given in the chapter on the influences of the +seven planets. + +Mars in bad aspect to the Sun or Moon in the 7th house causes quarrels +in married life. + +_Travelling._--The position of the Moon and Mars are here to be +considered. If they should be in a cadent position the native will +travel a great deal. The Moon in a watery sign causes much travelling +by water. Ptolemy tells us that Mars in square or opposition to the Sun +or Moon will cause much travelling in foreign countries. If the +benefics are conjoined with the Moon, the journeys will be safe and +pleasant; if with the malefics they will produce mischances and +ill-health in travelling. Mercury ascending at birth, in a +double-bodied or moveable sign, shows a great disposition to travel. If +a malefic affecting the Moon should be in the watery signs of Cancer, +Scorpio, or Pisces, shipwreck and even death by drowning may ensue +during travelling. + +_Of the Manner of Death._--If the Hyleg and Ascendant should be +well-aspected and if either Jupiter, Venus, Mercury or the Moon +well-dignified should appear in the eighth house the native will die a +natural death. If either the Sun or Moon should be badly aspected by +Mars or Saturn in the eighth house it is significant of a violent or +remarkable death. Saturn causes lingering deaths and Mars those which +are sudden. + +_Saturn_ indicates death by chronic diseases, rheumatism, ague and +paralysis. + +_Jupiter_ (when not well-aspected at birth) may become a +promittor, or cause of death, by apoplexy, inflammation of the lungs, +spasms, or gout. + +_Mars_ indicates death by acute or eruptive fevers, small-pox, all +kinds of hæmorrhage, burns, suicides and wounds from iron, over which +metal he presides. + +_Venus_ produces death by cancer, scurvy, dysentery, or wasting +away and putrid diseases. If violence attends she causes death by +poisoning. + +_Mercury_ kills by madness, epilepsy, coughs and obstructions. If +violence concur he brings death by accident in sport or by robbers. + +_The Moon._--When the Ascendant or [Sun] be Hyleg, the +Moon will assist in causing death by cold phlegmatic diseases and if +she be placed in [Cancer], [Scorpio], or [Pisces], by drowning. + +_The Sun_ will assist to cause death by his ill aspects to the +Ascendant or [Moon] if they be Hyleg and then he acts like Mars, +and if in _Leo_, will produce death by fire, if other testimonies +agree. + +The benefics cannot cause death of _themselves_; and even their +[Opposition] aspects will frequently save life when they fall +amidst a train of evil directions. But if the malefic influence is too +powerful for them to avert, then they cause death in the various +manners above described. + + [Illustration: _A Dogge Missing--where?_ + + _FACSIMILE OF A MAP OF A HORARY QUESTION FROM LILLY'S ASTROLOGY._ + + _To face Chapter XII._] + + + + + +CHAPTER XII. + +CONCERNING DIRECTIONS AND HORARY QUESTIONS + + +We have seen in the chapter on the judgment of a nativity that by the +consideration of the position of the planets and of the Sun and Moon in +the twelve houses, what the _general_ fortune of the native will be in +the whole course of his life; but the art of Direction measures out the +time into years, months, weeks and days and thus informs us when we may +expect in _particular_ what is _generally_ promised us in the nativity. + +Directions are of two kinds, _primary_ and _secondary_, and are based +upon arithmetical calculations of the time of the events caused by the +aspects of the significators (that is, of the Sun or the Moon), with +the places of the planets. They are founded upon the familiarities of +the stars amongst each other in the zodiac (_after the nativity_), and +show, by calculations, the distance of the place of a significator at +the moment of the nativity from the place it must reach before it can +join the aspect, which distance is called _the Arc of Direction_. Some +astrologers consider what are called "_Mundane Directions_," which are +distances in the world measured by the semi-arc, and are wholly +independent of the zodiac. These were invented by Placidus, but as +Ptolemy does not treat of them they will not be considered here. + +It must always be remembered that--in directions--the place of a +planet, at the time of the nativity, is called the planet itself, +although it may not be there when the significator arrives; thus, if we +wish to direct the Sun to the conjunction of Jupiter, we must do so to +the position which that planet occupied _at the moment_ of the +nativity. When the Arc of Direction is found the Sun's right ascension +must be added to it, and the Sun will be the right ascension (without +latitude) of that place in the zodiac at which, when the Sun arrives, +the direction will be completed. For every day of the Sun's approach to +this point a year must be added, and thus the time when the event is +likely to happen is pointed out: these primary directions, however, +cannot be depended upon to produce an event of great importance unless +the secondary directions agree; but where the nativity is weak the +primary direction alone is powerful enough to kill (especially if it +should be opposed to the Hyleg), and misfortune will always happen if +the positions of the planets, at the moment of birth, are unfortunate, +_without_ the coincidence of any secondary direction. + +_Secondary Directions_ are those daily aspects to the luminaries which +happen after birth, every day of which is reckoned for a year, two +hours for a month, thirty minutes for a week, and four minutes for a +day.[13] Thus, whatever aspects take place in the _first day_ of the +native's life will develop their effects in the first year and those of +the second day in the second year, so that, should the native live +fifty years, his secondary direction for his fiftieth year will arise +from the aspects which took place on the fiftieth day after his birth. +The ancient astrologers--particularly the Egyptians--used to predict +the events of a nativity _wholly_ from these secondary directions,[14] +in which the Moon should be chiefly considered; for in those days on +which she comes to an evil aspect with the malefics, Saturn or Mars, +the years corresponding to those days will be peculiarly unfortunate +and dangerous to the native; and where, on the contrary, the Moon is +well-aspected to the benefics, the years corresponding to those days +will be very fortunate: a good direction gives prosperity in that +matter which the significator indicates; thus we direct the Sun to +signify the native's preferment or disgrace, his good or bad health, +and the favour or disesteem of great personages. + + [13] These aspects can all be judged from the Ephemeris of + the year of birth. + + [14] And these secondary directions being so much easier to + calculate, students are advised to follow the ancient methods + in this as in all else relating to this old-world study. + +The direction of the Moon refers to the nature of the native's +journeys, whether prosperous or the reverse, his marriage, his wife, +his women friends and kinsfolk. + +The direction of Saturn signifies the native's inheritance, buildings, +possessions, and also his fears, jealousies and mistrusts. + +Jupiter is directed as regards glory, renown, riches, children and +religion. + +Mars is directed for the native's law-suits, animosities and victories; +he also shows the estates of brethren. + +Venus is directed for marriage, love and pleasure and all matters in +connection with women. + +Mercury is directed for a knowledge of the amount of wit, +understanding, trade, industry, and journeys of the native; also for +distinction in scholarship and all intellectual pursuits. + +The Horoscope or Ascendant is directed to signify the life, affections +and manners of the native. + +The Mid-heaven's direction affects the position and career of the +native. + +If the directions are to good aspects of benevolent planets, they +signify prosperity both of mind and body, cheerfulness and all manner +of earthly happiness; but if the horoscope should have directions to +the ill aspects of the malefics, Mars or Saturn, then evil is to be +expected of the nature given by the malevolent star. If directed to the +good aspects, such as the trine or sextile of these evil planets, the +misfortune is not so great, and even in some instances good may be +predicted. As, for example, the horoscope directed to the trine or +sextile of Mars gives preferment by arms; the same aspects towards +Saturn would indicate success in building or in mines, or some calling +connected with metals. + +The occasional differences in the life, tastes, health, marriage and +pecuniary affairs of twins, born within ten or twenty minutes of each +other, are accounted for by the fact that at the birth of the first +child the last degree of a sign may ascend with planets therein, or a +planet in the 2nd house at 5 p.m. may be in the 1st at 5.15 p.m. and +the early degrees of another sign may be exactly on the ascendant at +the birth of the second child. + +A planet may reach the M.C., or any other of the four cardinal points +at, say, 10 p.m. and ten minutes later have passed off, when its powers +would have greatly diminished. Though the signs rise and set at the +rate of 15° per hour, in our latitude from 50° to 60° North, it often +happens that 30° will ascend in fifty-two minutes. + +Horary questions are questions asked at a certain time when a person +feels anxious concerning any undertaking or impending event. A figure +or map of the heavens, like that erected for a nativity, is drawn out +for the minute in which the question is asked; and, if the astrologer +be skilful, and the querist sincere--that is, not putting the question +from frivolous motives--the answer will, in general, be true, for the +whole is the effect of that sympathy which pervades all nature and +which is the keynote of all divination under whatsoever form it is +practised. + +In horary questions the sign ascending and its lord represent the +querent, and to these the Moon is added and must be considered with the +lord of the ascendant. + +The house to which the thing belongs--about which enquiry is made--is +the significator of that person and thing, and every other house and +its lord are to be considered according to their respective +significations, so as to indicate the means and persons by which the +event, about which the enquiries are made, will be accelerated or +retarded. + +The dates of events are regulated by the signs and angles. For example, +should the significator of the event be in a movable sign and an angle +the event will come to pass in the same number of days as there are +degrees between the significator's aspect and the star to which it is +directed if the aspect be by _application_; if by _separation_, the +thing will _not_ take place at all. In one of the succedent houses +movable signs give months, common signs years and fixed signs bring +about the event, after much delay, and when all hopes of it are past. + +Significators in any of the cadent houses seldom do anything and, +should they bring about an event at all, they do so after much waiting +and with much trouble and vexation. + +The matter of horary questions is very well treated in Lilly's _Grammar +of Astrology_, published in 1647, and, by way of explaining the manner +in which this branch of astrology is worked, we give a _fac-simile_ of +a map of a horary question to be found in this book, with (verbatim) +Lilly's method of dealing with that particular question. + +_Judgment of the Figure given in Plate._--"Living in London, where +we have few or no small cattle as in the country, I cannot give example +of such creatures, but I once set the figure preceding concerning a +Dogge (which is in the nature of small beasts), which dogge was +missing. The question to me was what part of the city they should +search and if he should ever be recovered. + +"The querent was signified by the sign ascending and the lord thereof, +for, in his person, he was Saturnine and vitiated (according to the +Dragon's Tail in the ascendant) in his nature, mind and +understanding--that is, he was deformed in body and of a covetous +disposition. The sign of the sixth house and his lord signifies the +dogge, for that sign stands for sheep, hogs and small cattle. + +"The sign of Gemini is west, and by south the quarter of the heaven is +west; Mercury (the significator of the dogge) is in Libra, a western +sign, but southern quarter of heaven, tending towards the west; the +Moon is in Virgo, a south-west sign, and verging towards the western +angle. The strength of the testimonies being thus examined I found the +plurality to signify the west, and therefore I judged that the dogge +ought to be westward from the place where the owner lived, which was at +Temple Bar, wherefore I judged that the dogge was about Long Acre, or +the upper part of Drury Lane. In regard that Mercury (the significator +of the beast) was in a sign of the same triplicity as Gemini the +ascendant, which signifies London, and applied to a trine aspect of the +cusp of the sixth house, I judged that the dogge was not out of the +lines of communication, but was in the same quarter, of which I was +more confirmed by the trine of the Sun and Saturn. The sign in which +Mercury appeared was Libra--an airy sign; therefore I judged that the +dogge was in some chamber or upper room, and kept privately, or in +great secrecy, because the Moon was under the beams of the Sun; and +Mercury, the Moon and the Sun were in the eighth house: and because the +Sun on the Monday following would apply by trine to Saturn, the lord of +the ascendant, and the Moon to trine of Mars having exaltation in the +ascendant, I intimated to the owner of the beast that, in my opinion, +he should have his dogge again, or news of his dogge or small beast, +upon the Monday following, or near that time, which was true; for a +gentleman of the querent's acquaintance sent home the dogge the very +same day, about ten in the morning, who, by accident, coming to see a +friend in Long Acre, found the dogge chained up under a table, and, +knowing the dogge to be the querent's, sent him home as above said, to +my very great credit," and no doubt also to the great satisfaction of +"the dogge" himself. + + + + +CHAPTER XIII. + +SOLAR HOROSCOPES[15] + + +JANUARY.--AQUARIUS + + [15] Translated from a Hebrew manuscript found near Cairo in + 1836 at the time of the removal of the obelisk to France. + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-second of January +to the Twenty-first of February._ + +The man born under this influence will be of medium stature, good +genius and a great speaker. He will achieve what he desires and will +become famous in his own country. + +He will be subject to melancholy, very religious and of a highly +conscientious nature. The stars, however, destine him to pass through +much poverty in his youth and he will have other troubles in the matter +of deaths of relations and friends before he is thirty. He will travel +much and, in his early youth, he will suffer from illness. He will be +much influenced by women to his own detriment. He will lose his first +wife and will marry twice, but the second marriage will not be very +fortunate. At thirty he will be very seriously ill, but will recover +and live on to about sixty-four years. + +The woman who is born at the above-mentioned dates will have a charming +and expressive face; her eyes will be soft and beautiful in shape and +her hair of a medium brown colour, neither very dark nor very fair. In +character she will be slightly melancholy and of a romantic turn of +mind. She will be happy in her marriage. She will have a serious +illness at fifty, but will recover from it through the affectionate +care of her husband, and will live to a good old age, surrounded by her +children's children. + + +FEBRUARY.--PISCES + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-second of February +to the Twentieth of March._ + +The man who is born under the influence of this sign will be above +middle height, his chin will be fleshy, his eyes blue and his +complexion rather colourless. His forehead will be low and broad and +his eyes will express much kindness and goodness of disposition. He +will be very fond of aquatic pursuits and take great delight in +angling. He will not be studious, for he has not much perseverance, but +he will take delight in conversation of an instructive order. He will +not be much of a talker and will be slow to give his opinions on any +subject. He will be of a luxurious temperament and will be much +influenced by women. He will be economical in his household expenses, +but will spend money freely on his own pleasures out of his family +circle. He will be fond of travelling and will be more fortunate in +other places than in his own country. He will be ingenious and of good +counsel, yet wiser for others than for himself. He will lose his wife +early in life, but will not marry again, yet this more from indolence +than constancy of feeling. + +The woman born at this time will be fairly good looking; her eyes will +be light blue and she will have a fair complexion and a dimple in the +right cheek. She will be of a good disposition and kind to the poor; +but yet she will be self-indulgent and much given to luxury of all +sorts. She will marry twice and have many children, but the stars do +not promise her much happiness. She will die at sixty-eight. + + +MARCH.--ARIES + +_The qualities given by this sign of the Zodiac last from the +Twentieth of March to the Twentieth of April._ + +The man born under this sign will be of medium stature, of fierce +countenance, with an aquiline nose, quickly moving eyes and a strongly +marked dimple in the chin. His hair will be of a reddish tint, his +forehead broad and his complexion florid. He will be a loud talker and +have much inclination for women and also for the pleasures of the +table. He will be fond of field sports and very courageous. He will be +subject to accidents, both from fire and from four-footed beasts. He +will be capricious in his affections and will suffer much from his +affairs with women in his youth, but will grow wiser towards middle +age. He will not marry. At fifty he will lose much money and will fall +into poverty, and thus become alienated from the friends of his youth. +His life will not be prolonged much beyond fifty-five years. + +The woman born at this time will have a florid complexion, large +round-shaped eyes and a square chin. She will be of middle height and +rather strongly made. She will be quick-tempered, strong-willed, very +courageous and rather selfish. She will marry at twenty-three, but will +not have many children. She will be a widow in middle life and will +marry again within a year of her first husband's death. She will die +suddenly by an accident in her fifty-sixth year. + + +APRIL.--TAURUS + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-first of April to the +Twenty-first of May._ + +The man born under this sign will have full lips, a short throat, and a +mole at the back of his neck. He will be subject to sudden fits of +anger and will be fierce and cruel. He will be fond of women, but will +not be much liked by them and will suffer much in consequence. He will +be ambitious, fortunate in business and energetic. He will not be very +prudent in speech and will often get himself in trouble by +over-communicativeness. He will marry a rich wife and will acquire much +money by legacies from her relations. He will be very ill at forty, but +he will survive it and come into much riches soon after it. His life +will go on to about sixty-two, when he will die of much the same +illness which he had at forty. + +The woman born at this time will be graceful and well formed, with +luxuriant hair and a full and well-formed mouth. She will have a good +complexion and will have fascinating manners, so that she will much +attract men. She will run great risks both from fire and water, and she +will be subject to weakness of the eyes to such excess that towards the +end of her life she will have reason to fear blindness, but she will +escape this calamity. Although she will have many lovers she will only +marry once, for her husband will survive her. She will have many +children and they will all live. She herself will die before sixty. + + +MAY.--GEMINI + +_The influences of this sign will last from the Twenty-second of May +till the Twenty-first of June._ + +The man born under the influence of this sign will be subject to ulcers +and all skin diseases. He will be tall, well formed and of florid +complexion. He will be much liked for his amiable qualities and will +govern his family well. He will travel much in foreign countries and +will acquire many beautiful things in the course of his travels. He +will be attentive to women, very conscientious, gracious and valiant. +He will not be at all given up to luxury, but will be of a pious and +self-denying temperament. He will be bitten by some venomous reptile, +yet will not die of the wound, but will recover entirely from it in a +short time. He will be falsely accused of some sin and will be +imprisoned for it; but he will come out victorious and his innocence +will be acknowledged by all. His marriage is uncertain. + +The woman who is born at this time will be fluent of speech, gracious +in manners, witty and intelligent, but rather sensitive in temper. She +will be small of stature, slight in figure and of a fair complexion. +She will have well marked yet delicate eyebrows, brilliant eyes and +small white teeth; her hands will be slender, with pointed fingers. By +reason of her grace and wit she will be much loved, but she will not +marry until she is twenty-five. She will be passionately loved by her +husband, but she will not return his affection. She will have very few +children who will not live beyond childhood. She herself will die at +sixty-seven. + + +JUNE.--CANCER + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-first of June to +the Twenty-first of July._ + +The man born under this sign will be of medium height and will have +light hair and eyebrows. He will be given to deceit in his manners with +women and will be very inconsistent, yet always with such gracious +manners towards them that he will be much beloved by them. He will +travel much, and will suffer many misfortunes in the way of accidents. +He will in middle age lose much money through the misconduct of his +brothers, who will, by their extravagance, spend all the father's money +and thus leave only a poor inheritance. He will occupy himself with +agriculture and be successful with it. At forty he will suffer from a +very serious illness and his life will probably end at forty-eight. + +The woman born at this time will have large grey eyes, full lips and an +abundance of soft, rather colourless hair. She will be fond of luxury +and ease, and will be much given to the pleasures of the table, and +will eat much and drink more. She will marry early, but will not agree +with her husband by reason of her own inconstancy. She will be married +three times, and will get on better with her last husband than with the +two others. She will have several children, but they will all be of a +sickly constitution. She herself will have a very serious illness at +seventy which will cure her of all her troubles. + + +JULY.--LEO + +_The influences of this sign extend from the Twenty-first of July to +the Twenty-first of August._ + +The man born under this sign will be of middle height, but more +inclined to be tall than short; his hair will be of a red colour, and +his eyebrows will be well marked and much arched in their form. He will +be valiant, hot tempered, very talkative, somewhat boastful, but +pleasant and jovial in his manners. He will be a great admirer of +women, but not constant in his affection. He will marry once, but not +the woman he so much loves. + +The woman born at this time will be tall, with bright hair of a reddish +gold colour, grey eyes, with a bold fierce glance, and long features. +Her nose will be aquiline and the face a long oval. The lips will be +full but firmly closed and the teeth good and large. She will be quick +of temper and difficult to please, fond of pleasure and very ambitious +of shining in society. Her great desire for admiration will cause her +to be much talked about--not always in a manner pleasing to her +husband. She will marry early. She will lose her husband in early youth +and will marry again soon after her widowhood. She will be much subject +to illnesses through the blood, and at forty-eight she will have a very +serious illness; but she will recover and live another fifteen years, +but her life will always be full of anxieties and troubles. + + +AUGUST.--VIRGO + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-second of August to +the Twenty-third of September._ + +The man born under this influence will have an abundance of hair and +will have a large chin and a good complexion. He will be ambitious, +enterprising, and very valiant, but a little capricious. He will suffer +much illness and, when he is about thirty years of age, he will be +menaced by death or imprisonment, yet he shall escape both evils. He +will be of a sympathetic and benevolent disposition and will give good +counsel to his friends. He will have a beautiful wife whom he will +tenderly love, although she will not return his affections. + +A woman born at this time will be graceful and charming, with a +well-formed face, an agreeable expression, small mouth and +well-proportioned figure. Her voice will be one of her charms, and will +be clear and soft and singularly harmonious. She will be much loved and +admired for her wit, and will show much taste for music and dancing. +She will have fairly good health, and her beauty and charm of manner +will make her much sought after in marriage, but she will not accept +any of her numerous lovers until after her twenty-second birthday. She +will be much loved by her husband, and being inclined to be devout, she +will educate her children in the fear of God. She will die at +sixty-nine. + + +SEPTEMBER.--LIBRA + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-third of September +to the Twenty-third of October._ + +The man born under this sign will be fluent of speech and his voice +will be sonorous and will sound angry even when he is not so. He will +be wise and prudent and will be much esteemed by good men. He will be +just and honourable in all his dealings and will acquire the respect of +all who know him for his conscientious dealings with his fellow-men. He +will marry twice. His second wife, whom he will marry when he is turned +forty, will be extravagant, and will so worry him by spending all his +substance, that she will bring on his death before he is fifty. + +The woman born at this period will be, say the astrologers, cheerful +and of a kindly disposition. She will be of a lively temperament and +will easily learn both music and dancing and will excel in both. She +will be amiable, very caressing in manner and much loved by all who +know her. She will marry twice. Her first husband will be rich and of +mature age and very prudent. The second will be young and will soon +spend the greater part of the money left her by her first husband. She +will be gay, fond of pleasure and rather a coquette, which will much +displease the second husband. She will be rather given to gambling and +will lose money in this way, which will cause her much discomfort and +anxiety in her latter years. + + +OCTOBER.--SCORPIO + +_The influences of this sign will last from the Twenty-second of +October to the Twenty-first of November._ + +A man born under this sign will be short and broad in figure and +ungraceful in his movements. He will be dark in complexion; but the +hair will be of a red-brown colour, the eyebrows thick and meeting over +the nose. He will be prompt in judgment, but very wily and inconstant, +promising one thing and doing another, so much so, that those who have +once had dealings with him will never again have confidence in him, +knowing how likely he is to deceive them. He will be of a perverse and +irritable temper, which will cause him to have many enemies; and +notwithstanding all his acuteness, he will always be poor. He will +travel much and will lead a somewhat vagabond life. He is very unlikely +to marry, and he will probably die a violent death. + +The woman who is born under the influence of the Scorpion will be of a +reddish colouring and of middle height and strongly built. As regards +her character, she will be affable, much beloved by her relations, fond +of pleasure, yet very energetic in the discharge of her household +duties, sensitive in temper, a little revengeful and very ingenious and +of quick judgment. In her youth she will have much trouble from +lawsuits, but she need not fear the result, for as she is pious God +will always protect her. She will only marry once, at about her +twenty-sixth year, and will die at sixty-eight. She will have no +children. + + +NOVEMBER.--SAGITTARIUS + +_The influences of this sign continue from the Twenty-second of +November till the Twenty-first of December._ + +The man born under this sign will be of pale complexion and he will +have long features and dark hair and eyes. He will be prudent, studious +and economical. He will see many foreign countries and will gain much +money in his youth, by reason of which he will excite the envy of his +friends. He will receive much injury from a relative, who will +endeavour to prejudice people against him, but he will always be well +received and much liked in society. He will be generous to his friends, +but he will be badly recompensed for his kindness. He will be +persevering in his profession and will attain a good position in it. He +will be subject to internal complaints, but will live long. He will be +untrue to his wife, but he will be careful that she does not know it. +He will have several children, but they will be no comfort to him, as +they will be always ungrateful to him. + +The woman who is born at this time will be well formed, with luxuriant +hair and well-marked and rather arched eyebrows; her forehead will be +broad and her intellect good, but her temper easily irritated and over +sensitive, especially where her affections are concerned. She will be +timid, very constant both in love and friendship, generous in her +affections, yet very ill-requited in this respect. She will marry at +twenty-six and will have many children. She will suffer much from the +evil tongues of false friends, who will malign her to her husband, but +her innocence will be made known and in the end she will be fully +justified. She will live to sixty-eight. + + +DECEMBER.--CAPRICORNUS + +_The influences of this sign last from the Twenty-first of December +to the Twenty-second of January._ + +The man born under this influence will be of good complexion, his voice +will be clear and bright and he will be fluent of speech. He will have +a mole on his chin or on his right arm. He will be very much influenced +by women and will be a great lover of luxury. He is likely to be bitten +by some mad animal and he is also menaced by many illnesses of the eyes +and eyesight. He will be much deceived by a woman who will cause him +much injury. + +The woman born under this sign will be amiable, with an agreeable +countenance, a clear voice and a well-formed body. She will be twice +married. Her first husband will much love her. He will be a poor man, +but of a very conscientious nature and much respected for his +straightforwardness of character. Her second husband will be much +richer and of a gay and pleasure-loving nature, but he will not be so +affectionate as the first. She will suffer much from melancholia, and +when she is thirty she will have a very serious mental illness; but, by +the grace of God, she will recover from it and live until she is +forty-seven. + + + + +CHAPTER XIV. + +APHORISMS CULLED FROM THE WORKS OF PTOLEMY AND OTHER ANCIENT +ASTROLOGERS + + +Whosoever may be adapted to any particular event or pursuit will +assuredly have the star indicative thereof very potent in his nativity. + +If Virgo or Pisces be on the ascendant the native will create his own +dignity; but if Aries or Libra be there he will cause his own death. + +Venus gives pleasure to the native in that part of the body which may +be ruled by the sign she occupies. It is the same with other stars. + +Should a disease begin when the Moon may be in a sign occupied at the +birth by some malefic, or in quartile or opposition to any such sign, +such disease will be most severe; and if the malefic also behold the +said sign, it will be dangerous. On the other hand, there will be no +danger if the Moon be in a place held at the time of birth by some +benefic. + +In all horary questions remember that there is no affliction to the +Moon so great as when she is in conjunction with the Sun; the ill +aspects for the malefics must affect her, but no evil aspect is so +powerful as her conjunction. + +Mercury in trine or sextile to the Moon gives the capacity for +acquiring foreign languages. In bad aspect to the Moon makes the native +envious, sarcastic, ill-natured, given to lying and thieving. + +Saturn in trine or sextile to Venus shows much power of attachment to +wife and family. In a woman's nativity this is very good, as it +indicates purity. + +Those born near noon are generally successful in life, owing to the +Sun's influence being then most powerful. Those born near midnight are +by no means so fortunate as those born at midday, and it is a singular +peculiarity in such nativities that the most remarkable events of their +lives take place _after_ their thirtieth year, and they are also +certain of some kind of a name after death, meritorious or otherwise, +according to what their horoscope declares. Persons born near midnight +are very imaginative, and subject to see visions, dream dreams, and to +be believers in the unseen world. + +In all travels the Moon is to be considered, for she is a general +signifier of journeys, whether by sea or land. + +When the moon is besieged between Mars and the Sun in a nativity, it +argues a short life to the native. + +Mercury, if posited in one of the houses of Saturn, in trine or sextile +to that planet, gives excellent understanding; and if the moon be also +well-dignified, the native is much given to the study of occult +science, and will have much renown in that particular. + +Those born with the Moon powerful in their horoscopes would do well to +be guided by her aspects in their daily avocations. If she should be in +trine or sextile to Jupiter, it is a good day to seek favours of the +great, or to make arrangements with employers. When she is in trine or +sextile to Mercury, all intellectual matters taken in hand will be +likely to prosper. When she is so aspected to Venus, matters undertaken +with reference to love, marriage, or friendship will have a happy +issue. When she is in square or opposition she would have, of course, +the contrary effects. + +The Sun and Moon in conjunction with Mercury give to the native great +intellectual abilities. + +Those who have the benevolent planets, Jupiter and Venus, well posited +in either the ascendant or the mid-heaven at birth will always be much +beloved during the whole course of their lives. + +He who is born with the sun in trine to Jupiter is fond of rule, and +very famous in his generation. + +Venus in square to Saturn at a birth causes the native to be sensual +and given to unnatural vices. + +All the planets, or most of them above the earth, make the native +eminent and famous, and if all should be well-dignified, he will--like +a comet--outshine all others in the world's esteem. If, on the +contrary, all the planets are under the earth at a birth, the native +will be of a falling fame and fortune, or if they promise by their +natures honour, dignity and fortune (that is, if they appear +essentially dignified in nocturnal genitures), these good things will +only come in the latter part of the native's life. + +Jupiter in conjunction with the Moon in a watery sign gives +drunkenness. + +Venus in conjunction, trine or sextile to the Moon, gives happy +marriage, but in square to the Moon, prodigality, indolence and +drunkenness. + +Saturn in square to Mars means a malicious and murderous temperament, +and liability to imprisonment. + +It is advantageous to make choice of days and hours at a time well +constituted by the nativity. Should the time be adverse, the choice +will in no respect avail, however favourable an issue it may chance to +promise. + +A sagacious mind improves the operation of the heavens, as a skilful +farmer by cultivation improves nature. + + + + +Part II. + +CHIROMANCY + + "God has placed signs in the hands of all men, that every man may + know his work."--Job xxxvii. 7 (_St. Hierom's Translation_). + + + + +CHAPTER XV. + +CHIROMANCY AND ITS ORIGIN + + +Chiromancy is a science which teaches us to read not only the character +but the whole destiny--for good or evil, the length of life and often +the manner of death of a man by the lines and marks to be seen in his +hand. This study is sometimes called Palmistry, in which case, however, +it properly refers _only_ to a judgment formed from what appears in the +palm of the hand, whilst Chiromancy (taken from the word _Cheir_, a +hand, and _Manteia_, divination) signifies the revelations made by the +hand, taken as a whole. Chiromancy is nearly as ancient as astrology, +with which it is _indissolubly_ connected, for the hand represents, as +has been before said, a natural horoscope, which is placed upon it at +the time both of the conception and the birth by the influence of the +stars. The seven planets are all represented in the hand and also the +twelve signs of the zodiac, so that the casting of a nativity is +needless, as by simply examining a hand by the light of Chiromancy we +can indicate what planets have been powerful at the time of birth, and +what, therefore, will be their effect for good or evil over the +existence; and we can also find the dates of the principal events of +the life. We find many allusions to this subject in the Bible, and +still more in the ancient Kabbala. + +The Holy Kabbala, as it was called by the Magi, must not be confounded +with what is called "The Black Art"; it is, on the contrary, the +quintessence of reason and morality as they were understood by the +ancients and contains that traditional science of the secrets of nature +which, from age to age, is borne towards us as the wave is carried by +the tide to the shore; but it has been transmitted obscurely, because +the doctrines of the Kabbala were known only, in those early ages, to +the adept and the initiation, later on, of neophytes was only yielded +after a series of severe and terrible ordeals, whilst the revelation of +its mysteries to the uninitiated was punished by death. + +The necessity of silence was, in fact, one of the principal tenets of +the Kabbala and is represented, in the figure of Adda-Nari,[16] by the +position of the fingers of the hand holding the flowering branch of +Abundance; the thumb and the first two fingers, which in Chiromancy +represent _will_, _power_ and _fatality_, are held open; whilst the +third and fourth fingers, representing light and science, are closed. +This was meant to indicate to the good--the initiated--that they would +have, when united, strength and will to direct Fate; but that they must +keep hidden from the wicked and ignorant both light and science. It +must, however, in justice to the ancient Kabbalists, be suggested that +their inculcation of silence probably arose, not so much from a desire +of domination, but rather from the fact that, feeling themselves +superior in knowledge, they thought they were obeying a divine law in +refusing to the wicked those lights which, when possessed by them, led, +as perhaps they had sometimes found, to error. We, seeing things in a +wider light, give, or try to give, equal knowledge to all, without +submitting the ignorant to the ordeal of initiation to prove their +worthiness as recipients; but, after all, it amounts to much the same +thing--give to all men truth and light in abundance, but all will not +profit by it. We see this every day in our college system; the lesson +is the same for all, but it is only the few who profit by it; and +although we appear to be obeying a divine law in opening the way of +light and life--the life of knowledge--to all, as God makes His sun to +shine on good and bad equally, still we can, in some sort, understand +the feeling of the ancient Magi, whose motto was: "Know, Dare, Will, +but _keep Silence_." + + [16] Adda-Nari, Nature--that is, the deity known under the + name of Isis by the Egyptians. + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter XVI._] + + + + +CHAPTER XVI. + +THE PRINCIPAL LINES IN THE HAND AND THE MOUNTS + + +In the plate belonging to this chapter we give a hand on which are +marked the principal lines seen on the palm; three of which, viz., the +Line of Life, the Line of Head and the Line of Heart, are found in a +clearer or fainter degree on all hands, but which vary, as regards +their relative position, in every hand. The first and largest, that +which encircles the thumb, is called the Line of Life; by the length, +colour and evenness, or the reverse, of this line the length of life is +indicated, and also the illnesses and accidents by which the life is +menaced in running its course. The line immediately above it, crossing +the palm of the hand, is the Line of Head; by it we are to judge of the +intellectual powers. Above it is the Line of Heart, from which we form +an opinion of the strength of affection, or the want of it, in the +native. + +The lines which are not always to be found are the lines going from the +wrist to the finger of Saturn, which is called the Saturnian line, and +which shows the events of the life; the Line of the Sun, which goes +towards the finger of the Sun and which indicates success in art, +literature, or the pursuit of riches; and the Line of Health, which +goes from the wrist to the finger of Mercury: this line is often absent +in a hand. + +All these lines will be more fully discussed further on; at present it +is only necessary to name them in order to explain the plate belonging +to this chapter. + +At the base of each figure there is a mount, more or less developed, on +every hand. Now, each of these mounts corresponds with one of the +planets from which it has received more or less influence, according to +its development, and the signs or marks to be found upon it. + +It will be seen also, from the plate, that the ancients gave to each +finger the name of one of the planets, thus:-- + +The first finger represented Jupiter, the mount at its base being +called the Mount of Jupiter. + +The second, Saturn, the mount at its root being the Mount of Saturn. + +The third, the Sun, the mount below being the Mount of the Sun. + +The fourth, Mercury, the mount at its base being called the Mount of +Mercury. + +The thumb is sacred to Venus, and the root of the thumb is called the +Mount of Venus. + +It will also be seen that the planet Mars (although no finger is +dedicated to it) is twice represented in the hand, along the side of +the palm by the Mount of Mars, and in the palm, between the Line of +Life and the Line of the Head, which is called the Plain of Mars. + +The Moon is only represented by the Mount of the Moon, at the lower +part of the palm on the opposite side of the hand to the thumb. + +When these mounts are well in their places, and clearly but not too +strongly defined, they give the qualities of the planet they represent; +but when any mount is not well marked, or even, as frequently happens, +is quite deficient, there is a want of the qualities shown to exist +where the mount is clearly defined. If the mounts are not only +ill-defined, but represented by a cavity, that cavity would indicate +the existence of qualities which are the reverse of those indicated by +the mount; whereas an exceeding development would denote an excess of +the qualities given by the mount. + +Thus the Mount of Jupiter, which is immediately under the index finger, +when fairly developed, indicates noble ambition, will-power, love of +nature, kindliness, generosity, religion and happy marriage. When in +excess--that is, when the mount is so large as to invade that next +it--the Mount of Saturn--it gives superstition, exaggerated pride and +domineering self-assertion. The total absence of this mount (which is +sometimes, but rarely, seen) indicates coldness, selfishness, +irreligion and that want of dignity which is produced by the utter +absence of self-respect. + +The Mount of Saturn is found immediately beneath the second finger, +which the ancients assigned to Saturn, the planet of Fatality. Saturn +gives extreme misfortune, or extreme good fortune, according to the +development of the mount and the signs and lines to be seen upon it, +and the course of the Saturnian Line, or Line of Fate (of which we will +speak further on), in the palm of the hand. This mount also denotes a +tendency to occult science. Those born specially under the influence of +Saturn are timid, lovers of solitude, and very seldom marry, but are +very persistent in their affections when they do love. + +Saturn, when well developed, gives prudence, wisdom and, to a certain +extent, success; when in excess it gives sadness, taciturnity, +asceticism, dread of the after-life and yet, sometimes, a +predisposition to suicide. The total absence of the mount indicates an +insignificant existence. + +The Mount of the Sun is placed at the root of the third finger, which +was sacred to the Sun; when this mount is well developed it indicates +love of art and literature, which shows itself (according to +temperament) in poetry, painting, sculpture, or music; it gives also +religion of the æsthetic, tolerant sort, grace, riches and celebrity; +in excess it gives love of show, frivolity and vaingloriousness. The +total absence of the mount means a thoroughly material existence; +absence of all taste for art--a life without colour, a day without +sunlight. + +The Mount of Mercury is found at the base of the fourth finger, and, +when well defined, indicates intelligence, success in science and in +occult studies, the love of work and activity, both of mind and body +and eloquence; in excess it gives impudence, theft and falsehood: +absence of the mount indicates no aptitude for science, no +intellectuality--a negative existence. Of course, should the Mount of +the Sun be well defined, the last quality would be overridden by the +success which that indicates. + +The Mount of Mars is at the side of the hand opposite the thumb, just +below the Mount of Mercury, and, when well developed, indicates +courage, ardour and resolution; in excess it gives cruelty, anger, +revenge and tyranny: the absence of the mount gives cowardice and want +of self-command. + +The Mount of the Moon is found immediately below that of Mars, and, +when well developed, gives imagination of the dreamy, sentimental +order, gentle melancholy and love of solitude; in excess it gives +morbid melancholy, caprice and fantastic imagination: the absence of +the mount indicates want of poetry in the nature, positivism. + +The Mount of Venus, which is formed by the root of the thumb, +indicates, when fairly developed, love of the beautiful, melody in +music, the desire of pleasing and sensuous tenderness; in excess it +gives love of material pleasures, coquetry, inconstancy and (when other +signs, afterwards to be explained, are also seen in the hand) extreme +sensuality. + +Each planet has a special influence over certain parts of the body. +Jupiter governs the head and lungs; Saturn, the spleen and ears; the +Sun, heart, eyes and arms; Mercury, the liver and legs; Mars, the head +and throat; the Moon and Venus, the lower parts of the body. Any excess +in the length or size of the fingers or mounts argues a tendency to +disease in the organs represented by that finger or mount. When a +mount is--instead of being high--broad and full, it gives the same +indications as if it were high; if much covered with lines it shows an +overabundance of the quality of the mount, and is equal to an excess of +height. _One_ deep perpendicular line upon a mount is a fortunate sign; +_two_ show danger of too great force of the quality; and _three_ give +misfortune arising from excess of the qualities of the mount. Crossway +lines on the mount always denote obstacles. Some old Italian writers +affirm that fine cross lines on a mount signify wounds to that part of +the body over which the mount on which they are seen has influence. + +The mounts are often irregularly placed. If one should lean towards the +other, it absorbs some of the qualities of the mount which it invades. + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter XVII._] + + + + +CHAPTER XVII. + +THE LINE OF LIFE + + +The ancient Chiromancists divided the Line of Life into ten +compartments (see plate), each representing ten years of life, and thus +they were enabled to prognosticate at what date in the life the +illnesses or dangers indicated by the form or colour of the line would +be likely to happen. This plate is copied from one in the Sieur de +Peruchio's interesting work, _La Chiromance_, published in Paris in +1657. + +It will be noticed that the mounts are here indicated by the +astrological symbols of the various planets they represent, Mars being +placed on the Plain of Mars, and again on the Mount of Mars, which, as +we have already seen, lies immediately below the Mount of Mercury, It +will also be seen that the signs of the zodiac are also represented on +the hand: Aries (March), which begins the astrological year, is placed +at the base of the hand, close to the Mount of Venus; Taurus (April) is +on the Mount of Venus; Gemini (May) is at the base of the Mount of +Jupiter. These represent the spring-tide of the year, and also of life: +therefore they are placed on and near Venus, which planet represents +happiness and enjoyment. The signs Cancer (June), Leo (July) and Virgo +(August) represent the second age, which is given to the accumulation +of riches and honours: so these signs appear on the finger of Jupiter. +In the third age a person is supposed to enter upon the enjoyment of +dignities, therefore Libra (September), Scorpio (October) and +Sagittarius (November) are on the third finger, that of the Sun, which +is supposed to accord position and reputation. The last months of the +astrological year are thus placed: Capricornus (December) is beneath +the Mount of the Sun; Aquarius (January) is on the upper part of the +Mount of the Moon; and Pisces (February) will be seen at the base of +the Mount. + +When the Line of Life is long, well-formed, slightly coloured and goes +all round the thumb, it indicates a long life and free from serious +illness; but when the line is wide and pale in colour, it indicates bad +health; when it is short, it means early death. + +If the Line of Life is broken on one hand, but is marked in a +continuous line on the other, these signs indicate an illness of a very +serious nature; but if the broken line should appear in _both_ hands, +it means death at the epoch corresponding with the place on the line +where the break occurs. When the Line of Life is not clearly defined, +but is formed by a sort of chain of small lines, it indicates +continuous small illnesses. + +When the Line of Life, instead of starting from the side of the hand, +takes its rise in the Mount of Jupiter, which is sometimes, but rarely, +the case, it indicates a life of successful ambition, honours and +celebrity--qualities given by the influence of Jupiter. + +If the Line of Life joins the Line of the Heart and the Line of the +Head, it indicates grave misfortune or violent death, by which the +ancients probably meant to infer that when the heart and the head are +dominated by merely vital instincts, the life is menaced by misfortune, +but, when the Line of Life is _very far_ from the Line of Head, it +indicates a life that accomplishes its course without much +intelligence; so also if the Line of Life is very far from the Line of +Heart, it indicates a life without love. + +When the Line of Life is bi-forked at its termination, near the wrist, +it means a total change in the way of life towards its close and, +should one of the branches tend towards the Mount of the Moon, it +indicates madness towards the end of existence. A double Line of Life +is sometimes, but rarely, seen: this indicates excess of health and +long life and also success in a military career. This line is sometimes +called the Line of Mars. To a woman it indicates success in love. Three +stars inside the line, but so close to it as to be almost on it, show +that the subject will be much loved of men or women as the sex will +determine, but that these signs will bring distress. + +A circle on the Line of Life shows loss of an eye or disease of the eye +at the period at which it appears on the line. If two circles appear +the person will become blind. If the Line of Life terminates with many +small lines it means slight illnesses towards the close of life. + +A woman having two crosses on the upper part of the Line of Life is +sensuous and immodest. A line going from the Line of Life and +terminating with an island on the Mount of Jupiter shows lung disease +or pleurisy at the time where such line starts. If at the end of the +Line of Life, towards the wrist, there is a small triangle, it denotes +loquacity and falsehood; but with a good Line of Head and Heart, tact +and eloquence. + +When the Line of Life throws branches upwards towards the Plain of Mars +it means that, after long struggles, riches and honours will be +acquired in old age. A line upwards from the Line of Life to the Mount +of Jupiter shows success by the subject's own merits. This often makes +its appearance quite suddenly. + +A black spot on the Line of Life indicates an illness or some +misfortune which affects the health. Lines going from the base of the +thumb across the Mount of Venus and cutting the Line of Life denote +illness from money worries if they stop at the Line of Head; and from +heart troubles if they go direct to the Line of Heart. A line going +from the Line of Life straight to the Mount of Saturn indicates +accident from a four-footed beast. A line going from the Mount of Venus +to the Line of Heart and terminating with a fork shows separation after +marriage.[17] When this is seen, in conjunction with an island on the +line of Fate, it has a worse indication--that of adultery and divorce. +_One_ deep line going from the joint of the thumb across the Mount +of Venus and just cutting the Line of Life indicates a deep heart +sorrow from the death or faithlessness of someone much loved. + + [17] The date of this event would be determined by the place + where the separation line crosses the Line of Fate. + + + + +CHAPTER XVIII. + +THE LINE OF HEART AND LINE OF HEAD + + +The Line of Heart is placed immediately beneath the mounts at the root +of each finger. This line, when clear, straight and well coloured, +rising in the Mount of Jupiter and extending to the outer edge of the +hand, signifies that its possessor has a good heart capable of strong +affection. If, instead of commencing on the Mount of Jupiter, it does +not take its rise till the Mount of Saturn, then the love will, in that +nature, be rather of a sensual character. The Line of Heart sometimes +stretches across the whole of the hand; such a line announces a too +great amount of tenderness--a passionate and blind devotion in +affection. + +When the Line of Heart is broken in several places, it means +inconstancy, both in love and friendship. Should the breaks be seen +immediately beneath the Mount of Saturn, it indicates a tragic end to +the love; if beneath the Mount of the Sun, by pride;[18] but if between +the Mount of Saturn and the Mount of the Sun, the heart-break will be +occasioned by folly; if between the Mounts of Apollo and Mercury, by +cupidity--the desire to make a better marriage in a worldly point of +view; if the break occurs immediately beneath the Mount of Mercury, the +evil issue of the love will be from caprice. + + [18] If the Sun is one of the dominant planets, the Line of + Heart broken under the Mount of the Sun shows serious + physical affection of the heart; if this sign is on both + hands it is fatal. + +When the Line of the Heart appears in the form of the links of a chain +instead of in one clear line, it indicates inconstancy and +indecision--a tendency towards a series of _amourettes_ rather +than to a high and serious affection. If it goes round to the +percussion of the hand it indicates jealousy. + +The Line of Heart of a deep red colour indicates a power of love ardent +even to violence; but when, on the contrary, the Line of Heart is pale +and wide, it is an indication of coldness of temperament. + +When, at its starting-point, the Line of Heart is seen to turn round +the base of the Mount of Jupiter somewhat in the form of a circle, it +is what the ancient Chiromancists called "Solomon's Ring," and +indicates an aptitude for the occult sciences. If the Line of Heart +joins the Line of Life between the thumb and forefinger, it is a sign +(if the mark is in _both_ hands) of a violent death; if only in one, of +a serious, but not fatal, illness connected with the heart. + +Should the Line of Heart droop towards the Line of Head and touch it, +it is a sign of coldness in the affections: the instincts of the heart +are swayed by worldly considerations. Red punctures on the Line of +Heart mean as many wounds in the affections as there are spots. White +spots, on the contrary, show the persons of the opposite sex who, at +some time of the subject's life, have given him, or her, a strong love. +Should the spot be at the beginning of the line, above the Mount of +Venus, the person will have the appearance and qualities given by that +planet; if under the Mount of Jupiter he would be a Jupiterian; if +under Saturn he would have the appearance and character of a Saturnian; +under the Sun of a Sun person; if under Mercury the appearance and +character would be those of a Mercurian; if near the side of the hand, +of Mars; and if quite at the percussion of the hand, the qualities and +physical appearance given by the Moon would describe the person. + +If, on starting, the Line of Heart is bi-forked and one branch of the +fork rises towards the Mount of Jupiter, it indicates great happiness +of a glorious nature; but if the other branch stops between the finger +of Jupiter and that of Saturn, it is merely negative happiness--a life +passed without great misfortunes. When a hand (but this is rare) is +entirely without the Line of Heart it indicates an iron will, +wickedness and cruelty, unless the Ring of Venus is deep and goes +towards the Mount of Mercury, in which case it would supply the place +of the Line of Heart. + +The Line of the Head rises between the Line of Life and the Mount of +Jupiter and, when it is long and clear, it denotes a sound judgment, +good memory and masterly intellect; but it must not extend across the +hand in a _straight line_, as that signifies a disposition to avarice, +or at any rate of extreme economy, because unless corrected by a rich +Line of Heart, it would indicate an excess of calculation in the +character. + +If the Line of Head is long, but droops towards the Mountain of the +Moon, it signifies ideality in excess. Life and its numerous duties and +cares will be considered from an artistic and unreal point of view, for +the Mount of the Moon, it will be remembered, represents imagination in +excess, romanticism and superstition; and if the Line of the Head +droops very low to the Mount of the Moon, it indicates more than +superstition--it is then mysticism. + +If, instead of drooping towards the Mount of the Moon, the Line of Head +rises towards the mounts at its close, the intellect will partake of +the qualities of that mount towards which it rises: thus, if it rises +beneath the Mount of Mercury, the intellect will be employed +successfully in affairs or on the stage; if towards the Sun, in art and +literature. + +The Line of the Head pale-coloured and wide indicates a want of +intelligence; so also does a very short line, only extending half-way +across the hand. This is often seen in persons of medium intellect. + +The Line of the Head broken in two immediately under the Mount of +Saturn means, where the sign is on both hands, death on the scaffold, +or at least, a fatal wound on the head. When this sign appears in only +one hand (no matter which), it indicates a probability of madness from +an unfortunate passion, or a broken limb, or a blow, but not fatal, on +the head. When it is broken under the Mount of the Sun it shows injury +to the right arm or, in a very artistic hand, illness from over-strain +of the mental powers. + +If the Line of the Head is long, thin and not deeply marked, it shows +infidelity and treachery. If, towards its close, it mounts suddenly to +the Line of the Heart, it signifies early death. + +When the Line of Head is cut by a number of small hair lines, it +indicates continuous nervous headaches; a cross in the middle of the +line is a sign of approaching death, or of a mortal wound. + +When the Line of the Head is not joined to the Line of Life at its +starting-point, it indicates self-confidence and impulsiveness, +jealousy and that sort of untruth which springs from exaggeration of +facts, from over-impressionability. With the planets of Mars and +Jupiter in excess, the Line of Head separate from the Line of Life +gives audacity and enthusiasm and, therefore, success. + +If large, round, red spots are seen on the Line of Head, they indicate +so many wounds on the head; whilst white spots on the Line of the Head +indicate as many successes in literature as there are spots to be seen. + +A star on the Line of Head means a wound on the head, or madness if the +line droops much to the Mount of the Moon, and the star appears at its +termination. + +A sister (or double line) of Head is rarely seen; but if it appears it +is a sure sign of fortune by inheritance. + + + + +CHAPTER XIX. + +THE SATURNIAN LINE + + +When the Saturnian Line starts from the wrist, exactly below the finger +of Saturn, and goes in a direct line to it, cutting through the mount, +but stopping at the root of the finger, it is a sign of a life of +extreme happiness. If the line goes toward the mount of Jupiter, this +happiness is the result of a marriage bringing both riches and love. If +the Saturnian Line stops short at the Line of Head, it is misfortune in +affairs through a false calculation; or, taken in conjunction with a +troubled Line of Life, it would mean a physical brain affection. + +If the Saturnian Line is straight and well-coloured at its +termination--that is, as it nears the finger of Saturn--it indicates +happiness and success in old age, however troubled the life may have +been before. If this line only starts from the Line of Head, it denotes +poverty and stupidity. + +The age, on the Saturnian Line, is counted from the wrist upwards; from +the wrist to the Line of Head chiromancists count thirty-five years,[19] +from the Line of Head to the Line of Heart fifteen years; and from the +Line of Heart to the root of the finger are the remaining years of +Life. + + [19] If the Head Line it placed very low, then the date where + it crosses the Saturnian Line would be 30, and if the Heart + Line is proportionately low the date where it crosses the + Saturnian would be 45 years. + +If the Saturnian Line is broken and irregular, it means trouble and +worry in life; and according to whether these breaks occur on the Line +of Head or on the Line of Heart, so will the troubles be of the head or +heart--troubles arising from affairs or from the affections. If the +Line of Life be irregular, denoting uncertain health, these troubles +may be physical evils to the heart or head. + +Short Lines crossing the Saturnian show vexations in either the affairs +or in love-matters. A downward branch from the Saturnian going towards +the Moon shows sorrow from the death or treachery of a woman. This is +the same whether it be on a man's or a woman's hand. + +If the Saturnian Line is twisted in a sort of spiral at the +starting-point, but yet the upper part of it goes in a clear, direct +line to the Mount of Saturn, and cuts through it to the root of the +finger without penetrating beyond, it indicates a troubled and anxious +youth, followed by riches and good fortune in middle age. If the +twisted line continues and crosses the Line of the Head and the Line of +the Heart, the troubles will continue until old age, and the good +fortune be only quite at the close of life. A triangle, or small +island, at the commencement of the line, shows death of the father or +mother in early childhood. + +If the Mount of Saturn is much wrinkled, and the Saturnian Line cuts +through it, and is of a deep-red colour, and mounts as high as the +third joint of the finger of Saturn, it indicates a violent and +disgraceful end--death on the gallows. Upward lines from the Saturnian +Line mean events of happy omen either in the affections or affairs at +the age shown on the line; downward lines have the reverse +signification. + +There are some hands in which the Saturnian Line is very faintly +indicated and, when this is the case, it signifies an uneventful, +insignificant existence. The Esquimaux, for example, who live in a +wretched climate, and live hard, unlovely lives, have absolutely, some +of them, _no_ Saturnian Line in their hands; and M. Serres, a +famous French anthropologist, asserts that this line (which he calls +the Caucasian Line) is only to be found in the hands of the white +races; whilst M. Desbarrolles, another French writer on this subject, +goes farther, and affirms that, among persons condemned to a dry, +unintellectual vegetative life, even among the white races, the +Saturnian Line is often found entirely wanting. + +The Saturnian Line is one of great importance, for it corrects and +modifies the significations both of the lines and of the mounts. + +A double Saturnian Line, which is sometimes, but very rarely, seen, +indicates great moral corruption and physical infirmities, brought +about by abuse of material pleasures. A cross upon the line shows a +change of position or a crisis in the affections at the age indicated +by its position on the line. A star on the line shows disaster at the +date at which it appears. + +Downward lines from the Line of Heart towards the Fate Line show heart +sorrows at the period when they cross the line. Widowhood is indicated +in this way if the Line of Fate breaks and shows a total change in the +way of life immediately afterwards. It sometimes only means a death at +the period when it crosses the Fate Line. + + + + +CHAPTER XX. + +THE LINE OF THE SUN AND LINE OF HEALTH + + +The Line of the Sun takes its rise either in the Line of Life or from +the Mount of the Moon, and, ascending, it traces a furrow in the Mount +of the Sun, but stops at the root of the finger; it signifies, when +straight and well defined, and taking the course we have described, +celebrity in literature or art, whether in poetry, painting, sculpture, +or music. The mounts decide in some measure which branch of art is +preferred. With Venus large it would probably be music or painting; +with the Moon much developed, poetry--or at any rate literature of an +elevated kind. Those having the Line of Sun thus traced, even who are +not artists by profession and whom destiny has placed in quite +inartistic careers, will always have artistic tastes, eye for colour, +ear for music, or a perception of beauty in form or in language. Where +the line only begins in the Line of Heart the artistic feeling is only +appreciative, not productive, but when it rises as low as the Mount of +the Moon, it signifies _creative_ power. + +If the Line of the Sun subdivides, in traversing the Mount of the Sun, +into several lines, it indicates a tendency to cultivate several +branches of art, which prevents the success which generally crowns +excess of artistic feeling when confined in its expression to one +especial art; it also indicates too great a struggle after effect in +art; it is more significative of the dilettante, or patron of art +generally, than the artist _pur et simple_. When the Line of the Sun, +in its upward course, is barred by several transverse lines, there are +obstacles in the career of art; but if the line continues and marks a +single deep furrow in the mount till it reaches the root of the finger, +these obstacles will, in the end, be conquered and success, riches, +honours and celebrity will be attained. In a hand where the Sun Line +begins above the Head Line, the deep line at its close only means +riches after fifty, and has nothing to do with art. + +The Line of Health, or, as it is sometimes called, the Line of the +Liver, takes its rise at the wrist, near the Line of Life, and mounts +in the direction of the Mount of Mercury. If it is well coloured and +the line is not broken, it denotes good health, great power of memory +and success in business pursuits; if the line becomes broken, or is +forked at its close, before it reaches the mount, it indicates severe +illness in old age. If this line starts from the Line of Life it is a +sure sign of weakness of the heart's action. If the line is unequally +coloured and gets redder as it crosses the Line of Head, it indicates a +predisposition to apoplexy; if it stops suddenly on the Line of the +Heart, a serious physical heart affection is likely. + +The Line of Health sometimes takes a curved form on _one_ hand, forming +a sort of half-circle, from the Mount of the Moon to the Mount of +Mercury. In this case it is called the Line of Presentiment and +indicates vivid intuition, especially if Mercury is strong in his +influence. When the Line of Health on _both_ hands takes this form, it +indicates mediumistic powers and powerful second sight. Should there be +a long island at the starting-point, that is, near the Mount of the +Moon in the Line of Presentiment, it indicates somnambulism. + +When the Line of Health forms a large and distinct cross with the Line +of Head, it shows a disposition for the study of occult science, but +this is not the mystical cross which will be described farther on. An +island on this line shows some internal illness at the date on which it +appears on the line--that is, if before it reaches the Head Line, it +would be _before_ thirty-five; if after and between the Lines of +Head and Heart, it would be between thirty-five and fifty; if later, +during the remainder years of life. A twisted Liver Line is a sign of +biliousness and indigestion; if it is of a red colour (as it frequently +is where Mars is one of the ruling planets) it shows a tendency to +feverish complaints. + +The Line of Health is sometimes, but rarely, accompanied by another +line called the Milky Way; when this line commences side by side with +the Line of Health and mounts with it in an unbroken line, towards the +finger of Mercury, it signifies a long life of uninterrupted happiness. +This line, which is sometimes called the Via Lasciva, gives ardour in +love, because a super-abundance of health gives force to passion. + + + + +CHAPTER XXI. + +ON THE RING OF VENUS, THE WRIST LINES AND THE LETTER M TO BE SEEN IN +MOST HANDS + + +The Ring of Venus seems to enclose, as in an island, the Mounts of +Saturn and the Sun; this line is not seen in many hands and, when fully +developed, signifies unbridled passion and debauchery of all kinds +when, in conjunction with it, the Mount of Venus is strongly developed +and marked with crossway lines. + +If, with the signs mentioned above, the Ring of Venus is strongly +marked, yet _broken_ at its centre in _both_ hands, it is a sign of +eccentric and depraved passion; still, there are always modifications +of these bad signs, and a very good Line of Head would, by bringing +reason to bear upon passion, considerably mitigate the evil indications +of the broken ring. + +When the Ring of Venus is seen on a hand where both the planets Venus +and the Moon are strongly indicated and where it is traversed by +innumerable fine lines, it is a true sign of an hysterical temperament. + +Sometimes the Ring of Venus will be seen to ascend and lose itself on +the Mount of Mercury, leaving one end of the semicircle open, which +mitigates, in some sort, the terribly strong instincts of +voluptuousness indicated by this mark; but if, on the contrary, the +semicircle, after extending itself to the Mount of Mercury, closes +itself at the root of the finger, such a mark in the hand would +indicate a terrible and absorbing power of passion, which would not +hesitate at any means to secure its end. + +A line traced on the wrist is a sign of long life and, if there are +three of these lines, as is sometimes seen, it forms the triple +bracelet. These lines indicate, in Chiromancy, thirty years of life +each and the three lines form what is called the magic bracelet, +indicating long life, health and riches. If these lines are formed +irregularly, like the links of a chain, and more especially if the +first one--that next the hand--is so formed, it indicates a long life +of labour, but acquiring ease and competency at its close. If a cross +appears in the centre of the wrist, it indicates a rich heritage at the +close of life. + +When lines start upwards from the bracelet, and ascend towards the +Mount of the Moon, they denote as many travels by land as there are +lines. If a line starts from the wrist and, after traversing the Plain +of Mars, goes to the Mount of the Sun, such a line presages riches and +honours coming from royalty. + +When these travel lines go as high as the Line of Head and Heart, they +denote journeys during which some person is met who influences either +the fortunes or the affections, according to whether the line stops at +the Line of Head or Heart. + +Lines lengthways on the Mount of the Moon mean sea-voyages; if these +lines terminate with a star, it denotes shipwreck; if on both hands, +death by drowning. + +The letter M, formed more or less regularly in every hand by the Line +of Life, the Line of Head and the Line of Heart, represents the three +worlds--the material, the natural and the divine. + +The first, the Line of Life, surrounds Love and Generation, as +represented by the thumb, which is, as we have seen, sacred to +Venus--the material world, or world of sense--but the Mount of Venus +may either degenerate love to vice, or perfectionate it to tenderness. +With high instincts the Mount of Venus is a good quality, since, +_without it_, all the other passions are hard and selfish. + +The second line--the Line of the Head--stretches across the natural +world; it traverses the Plain and the Mount of Mars, which represent +the struggle of Love and Reason in existence--the natural world, life +as it presents itself to most persons. There is in the hand the Plain +of Mars and the Mount of Mars; both mean a struggle: the Mount is the +struggle of resistance; the Plain of Mars (which is between the Lines +of Head and Heart) is the struggle of aggression. + +The third line, that of the Heart, encloses the divine world, for it +surrounds the mounts which represent Religion, Jupiter; Fate, Saturn; +Art, the Sun; Science, Mercury; all of which are especially influenced +by the astral light, or fluid, emanating from the planets. + +According to the proportions--the relative proportions--which these +three lines bear to one another, so the life is influenced by the three +different worlds represented. Thus we have a hand in which material +(sensual) pleasure dominates: the line of the material world enclosing +a space greatly superior to that of the two others. It is needless to +give further examples of these differences, for, after all, this matter +is but a _résumé_ of what has been said before about the power of +correction which one line has over the others. Given a wide range to +sensual pleasure in the hand, but a good and extensive Line of the +Head, the former will be corrected by it, as reason dominates passion; +or given the strong powers of sensuality, with a wide range to the +divine world by the space occupied between the Line of Heart and the +mounts, and again, religion, love of art and science, will correct and +keep under extreme sensuality. In reading the hand, each line must be +judged with reference to the others, and the hand must be considered in +all its bearings, before an opinion on the tendencies it indicates can +be arrived at with any degree of correctness. + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter XXII._] + + + + +CHAPTER XXII. + +CONCERNING CHANCE LINES; THAT IS, LINES WHICH ARE SOMETIMES--BUT ONLY +RARELY--SEEN ON ANY HAND + + +When two lines, starting from the Mount of Venus, join with a star on +the Plain of Mars (see Plate 3, Fig. 1) it indicates two loves carried +on at once and both having a disastrous issue. + +A square with spots at all four corners placed on the Mount of the Sun +(see Fig. 2) shows danger by fire with preservation. + +A line from the Mount of Mars going to the Mount of the Sun (see Fig. +3) indicates love of glory, desire to attain distinction in life. A +person with this mark in his hand would be stimulated rather than +intimidated by a large audience, and would have great success in +addressing multitudes. This line is good for soldiers, orators and +actors, as it shows force, energy and moral as well as physical +courage. + +The figure of the sign Aquarius when seen on the Mount of the Moon (see +Fig. 4) is a certain sign of death by drowning, _even when marked on +one hand only_. + +A circle on the Heart Line beneath the finger of Mercury (see Fig. 5) +denotes the person as likely to cause--though unwittingly--the death of +someone much loved. + +A star on the Mount of Venus, low down on the Mount (see Fig. 6), +indicates a man or woman who shall fall into dishonour by reason of +sensual indulgence or unnatural vice. + +A line starting from the Wrist Line, crossing the Mount of Venus and +ending in a star on the palm of the hand (see Fig. 7), indicates that +the person will lose some dearly-loved friend in a tragic manner. + +The symbol of the planet Saturn, when seen in the palm of the hand (see +Fig. 8), denotes the person to be malicious beyond expression, and +likely to cause the death of someone by poison. + +A line starting from the Head Line going through the Mount of Jupiter +with a star (see Fig. 9), is an indication of a violent death before +the age of thirty. Should the person be ruled by Venus, by poison; if +under the Moon, by drowning; if under the Sun, by fire; if under Mars, +by firearms; if under Jupiter, by horse accident; if under Mercury, by +fits consequent on loss of money. + +The Saturnian Line, crossed by transverse lines on the Mount of Saturn +(see Fig. 10), indicates dangerous, but not fatal, wounds on the head. + +Many rings encircling the thumb (see Fig. 11) indicate an amorous and +very inconstant disposition in either man or woman. + +Two lines starting from the middle of the Mount of Venus and +terminating in the form of an apex on the Mount of the Moon (see Fig. +12) indicate a great tendency to hysteria and to abnormal attachments; +the latter is more especially indicated if Saturn and the Moon should +be the ruling planets. + + + + +CHAPTER XXIII. + +CONCERNING THE FINGERS AND THUMB AND NAILS + + +As the shapes and relative proportions of the fingers to the palm +modify the indications given by the lines and mounts, it is necessary +to consider them very attentively before giving a judgment in +Chiromancy. + +Fingers longer than the palm and with pointed tips show idealism; they +are the expression of the Moon's influence when she is well-dignified +at a birth. The Mount of the Moon in these hands would always be large. +People with these fingers see everything in the golden light of +imagination and find happiness in dreams of intangible beauty; poetical +expression (ethereal, not passionate) is their natural language. They +always incline to the marvellous--the sublime, the spiritualistic side +of all things. Theirs the belief in omens, in occult literature, in the +supernatural. Without, perhaps attaching themselves to any fixed creed, +they are, by nature, worshippers; and the mysterious moan of the sea, +the song of the brook, the roar of the torrent, and the sighing of the +wind, are to them but so many revelations of the Deity. They are loyal +to old associations and are never in advance of their age. They are +easily moved to tears and are graceful in all their gestures. They can, +in exalted moments, do without the necessaries of life and yet, from +their intuitive worship of the beautiful, they are lovers of the +luxurious superfluities which make up an elegant and refined existence. +People with these fingers do not age much; their hearts are eternally +young, for they live a life of perpetual illusion and though often, +alas! necessarily disappointed in both men and things, they never +entirely lose faith in the poetry of existence. + +Fingers the same length as the palm, and with slightly pointed tips, +show refinement, correct taste and love of art--these are the fingers +of those born under the dominant influence of the Sun. + +Fingers the same length as the palm, but fleshy at their base and +square at the tips, show practicality, family affection, love of +animals, good judgment, respect for the world's opinion and much +appreciation of material comfort. These fingers show the strong +influence of Jupiter. + +Long fingers, knotty at the joints and with square tips, show reasoning +power and taste for science. Persons with these fingers are always in +harmony with progress and have little or no veneration and are, +therefore, never stirred by associations; with the antiquity of +Catholicism, its mystical and somewhat sensuous worship, its celibate +priesthood and golden aureole of saints and martyrs, persons having +these fingers have no sympathy. If they belong to any fixed creed (and +their logical powers are rather against this) they prefer +Protestantism--or its offshoot, Dissent--where their real deity, +Reason, is permitted full sway. These people love--with all the force +of their nature--the study of history, jurisprudence, mathematics and +the exact sciences. They are naturally clever at calculation and have +much sense of order. Such fingers show the influence of Saturn, but not +when most dignified; Saturn when most exalted gives mysticism, but then +the fingers are not knotted at the joints and the tips are always +spatulated. + +Fingers that are shorter than the palm and with spatulated tips, show +sensuality in love and materialism in all things, energy, love of field +sports and indomitable courage. Such fingers indicate the influence of +Mars at birth. + +Fingers shorter than the palm, but with very pointed tips and thick at +the base, show self-indulgence and love of luxury. Persons with such +fingers are very sensuous and are, therefore, ardent pursuers of +material pleasures, but yet with a certain refinement of taste which +prevents their becoming grossly sensual. Such fingers are often seen in +the hands of singers of both sexes; they indicate the strong influence +of Venus in the nativity. + +Fingers that are slender and longer than the palm, but with spatulate +tips, indicate versatility, wit and intuitive perception. Such fingers +show the dominant influence of Mercury. + +In the relative lengths of the three divisions of the fingers +Chiromancy also recognises the indications of three separate +influences--that of the soul, that of the mind, and that of the body. +Fingers that have the first division (that containing the nail) long, +show high aspirations and power of veneration--soul; fingers with the +second division longer than the other two indicate intellectual +force--mind; whilst fingers having the lowest division longest show a +love of material pleasure: people having such fingers, unless there are +other modifying indications in the hand, are slaves to the body. + +The first joint of the thumb (that which is nearest the nail) +represents _Will_; therefore, when this is short, such a form indicates +want of will--a character very impressionable and therefore easily led; +when this joint is long, it indicates great power of will and therefore +force of character. The second joint represents logic, judgment and +reason; therefore, where this joint is long these qualities exist in +excess and, where it is short, they are wanting in both. + +The third joint (that which is outside the Mount of Venus) represents +the power which love--more especially the love between the sexes--will +have on the character. If long and thick it implies the existence of +strong passion; if short and flat a cold disposition--no attraction +towards the opposite sex. + +Poets have frequently the first joint of the thumb short (because want +of will gives the rein to impulse and impressionability), and whilst +the second--the intellectual one--is fairly long, the third is almost +always large, full and long. This combination of impressionability, +intellectuality and warmth of passion gives us the poets full of "the +sweet, sad music of humanity." + +These various types of finger-tips are often seen in the same hand, +which shows that several planets have much the same amount of +influence, in which case the following indications should be +considered: The finger of Jupiter pointed gives idealistic religion and +sense of honour; square, it would show reasoning power; spatulate, +energy and impulse. + +The finger of Saturn is rarely pointed, but when it is so, it rather +mitigates the melancholy given by the planet and shows callousness and +(if Mercury is strong in the hand) frivolity. Square tipped, it +indicates prudence, love of agriculture and mechanical genius; +spatulate, which is the ordinary termination of this finger, it +betokens sadness and superstition, and, when the finger is abnormally +long, a tendency to suicide; especially where, with it, there is a +small weak thumb. + +The third finger--that of the Sun--pointed shows idealism and artistic +tastes; when square-tipped, realism in art and a love of wealth; +spatulate, it gives spirit of adventure, especially when it is as long +as the first finger; when the third finger is _longer_ than the first +and spatulate it indicates love of gambling and of speculation. + +The fourth finger--that of Mercury--pointed shows occultism, intuitive +perception, eloquence and talent for languages; square at the tip it +denotes logic, facility of expression, science and love of research; +spatulate, it gives movement, vivacity and, where the rest of the hand +is bad, knavery in business and theft; a very short little finger shows +unselfishness and, some old writers say, happiness in marriage. + +A pointed thumb gives impressionability; square at its tip, decided but +not obstinate will; the thumb bending outward shows generosity and +impulse and, when much bent inwards towards the palm of the hand, +avarice and reticence. People with short fingers are quicker, more +impulsive and have more intuition than those who possess long fingers. +Those with long fingers have much love of detail--often to a worrying +extent; they are inquisitive and somewhat distrustful. + +As regards the nails, short strong nails show courage, combativeness +and critical faculties. White polished and filbert-shaped nails +indicate sensitiveness and refinement, but no force of character. +Short, weak, crooked and black-coloured nails show deceit and +slothfulness. Round nails indicate a luxurious, pleasure-loving nature. +Very thin nails--especially when the tips are bent inwardly--show +delicacy of constitution. Red nails with little white marks on them +indicate a choleric and cruel nature. + +Those who have on the root of the thumb--that is, on the Mount of +Venus--many crossbar lines are sensual and prone to gross indulgence in +licentiousness. They who have these marks on their hands will have in +their nativity--Venus in the 6th or 8th house (which houses rule the +lower parts of the body), thus showing the entire concordance of +Chiromancy with Astrology. + + [Illustration: _To face Chapter XXIV._] + + + + +CHAPTER XXIV. + +OF THE VARIOUS MARKS TO BE SEEN ON THE HAND + + +Besides the Lines and Mounts already described there are other signs or +marks which, as they modify the qualities given by the lines and +mounts, should be carefully considered in giving judgment on the hand +as a whole. + +A star (Fig. 1) indicates something beyond our own power of action--a +fatality for good or evil over which we have, personally, no power. A +star on the Mount of Jupiter indicates honours and distinction in +marriage and great and unexpected glory, for Jupiter is always a +favourable planet. + +A star on the Mount of Saturn means assassination or death on the +scaffold; or, in an otherwise good hand, death by paralysis. + +A star on the Mount of the Sun (with no Line of the Sun) indicates +fatal riches, which bring of themselves unhappiness in the affections. +Should the Sun line be strong it would signify success in art, or +military glory in a hand where Mars is strong. + +A star on the Mount of Mercury shows theft and dishonour; on the Mount +of Mars, death in battle; but a star on the plain of Mars, military +glory. + +A star on the Mount of the Moon, when on a voyage line, means death by +drowning; when not on a voyage line, an illness connected with water, +such as dropsy or diabetes. + +A star in the centre of the hand shows that some person of the opposite +sex will influence the life in an unhappy manner. + +A star on the Mount of Venus means unhappiness caused by love. + +Two stars on the top joint of the middle finger indicate death on the +scaffold. + +A square (Fig. 2) shows power and energy of the qualities of the mount +on which it appears, except on the Mount of Venus, when it means +imprisonment. A square announces preservation from accident when seen +near any indication of such accident. + +A circle (Fig. 3) on any of the mounts, but above all on the Mount of +the Sun, signifies success in the qualities given by the mount on which +it appears; but a circle on the lines of the hand has always a bad +signification. A circle on the Line of Life means loss of one eye, and +two circles would indicate total blindness. + +An island (Fig. 4) is again always a bad sign; on the Line of Heart, it +signifies adultery; on the Line of Life, illness, corresponding in time +to its position on the line; on the Line of Head, it would mean ruin +arising from false speculations, or if illness is shown on the Life +Line, it might indicate brain illness or neuralgia; on the Line of +Health, disorders of the liver and the digestion; on the Saturnian +Line, an island indicates happiness from an adulterous liaison; but if +the island is broken in shape, it indicates poignant grief arising from +an illicit affection. The duration of these affections is shown by the +size of the island. An island at the commencement of the Saturnian Line +indicates an event of an unfortunate nature, probably death of father +or mother, in childhood or very early youth. The lines which go +lengthways round the side of the hand, between the Line of Heart and +the root of the finger of Mercury, show the serious attachments. A +horizontal line barring these, or a black spot, shows widowhood. If the +lines take the form of islands, it shows love for cousins or near +relatives. + +A triangle (Fig. 5) announces aptitudes of a favourable signification. +On Jupiter it shows diplomatic distinction; on Saturn, mystical +ability; on the Sun, success in art or literature; on Mars, military +glory; on Venus, happiness in love; on Mercury, distinction in law, +physics, or mathematics; but on the Mount of the Moon it indicates +danger from the water. + +A branch (Fig. 6) shows aptitude in the qualities of the mount on which +it appears. + +Chains (Fig. 8) always show obstacles and worries in connection with +the qualities of the mount on which they appear. + +A spot (Fig. 9) is sometimes favourable and sometimes the reverse. Red +spots on the Line of Heart mean physical suffering from that organ. +White spots show love conquests, and the lover is indicated by the +mount under which these spots appear by the physical description of the +planet to which the mount belongs. + +Curved lines (Fig. 10) mean disaster wherever they appear. On the Line +of Head, madness, especially should the line droop to the Mount of the +Moon. + +Hair-lines (Fig. 11) show an excess of the quality of the line on which +they appear. + +Cross-bars (Fig. 12) are always obstacles, and show excess in the +qualities of the mounts on which they appear; on the Moon, morbid +imagination; on Venus, lasciviousness. + +Two lines going from the Mount of Venus to that of Mars denote the +pursuit of two love affairs at the same time, and a star joined to +these lines shows that the matter has ended or will end in disaster. + +A long island, extending from the Mount of Venus to that of Saturn, +shows, on a woman's hand, seduction at the age when the sign crosses +the Line of Life. Should a square appear on the line, she escapes the +temptation. + +A Line extending from a star on the Mount of Venus, and terminating +with a fork on the Mount of Saturn, shows an unhappy marriage. + +A Line going from a star on the Mount of Venus straight to the Mount of +the Sun, foretells a great inheritance from the death of a near +relation. + + [Illustration: THE HAPPY HAND. + + _To face Chapter XXV._] + + + + +CHAPTER XXV. + +THE TRIANGLE, THE QUADRANGLE, AND THE HAPPY HAND + + +The Triangle is the name given to the space enclosed between the Line +of Life, the Line of Head and the Line of Health. If the angle is an +equal one and the lines well coloured, it signifies a good disposition +both as regards mind and body and also much health, courage, good +reputation and a long and happy life. When the angles of the Triangle +are not well defined, it signifies a dull and mean person, who will not +rise above mediocrity. When the Triangle is wide as well as clearly +defined, it indicates liberality and nobility of mind. When it is +narrow, it signifies avarice, cowardice and poverty. If the Triangle is +altogether wanting in a hand, it portends much evil, a short life and +much illness. A cross in the Triangle shows a quarrelsome disposition. + +The Quadrangle is the square space contained between the Lines of Heart +and Head. When broad it signifies a liberal, courageous person with +much sense of honour, who will attain to the highest dignities in his +profession and position in life. + +Those who have the Quadrangle narrow are covetous and deceitful, and +therefore untrustworthy in all business relations. A star in the middle +of the Quadrangle shows honours and dignities, and a line from the +Mount of Mercury running down to the centre of the Quadrangle indicates +the friendship of great men, and much honour and distinction from these +friendships. + +In the plate at the beginning of this chapter we have a sketch of what +is called "The Happy Hand," which is given as showing what are the +happiest prognostications to be shown on the hand. An explanation of +the lines and marks of this is given below. + + +_The explanation of the Happy Hand._ + +Double Line of Life, which means good health and long life. The +Saturnian Line straight and well-defined till it reaches its +termination on the Mount of Saturn, which shows happiness in domestic +life and good fortune to the end of life. Branches at beginning and end +of the Heart Line, power of passionate tenderness. Cross on Mount of +Jupiter, love and marriage. Ring of Venus, power of passionate +attachment and much force of sympathy. The Line of Head long with +branches to the Mount of the Moon, intellectual gifts and vivid +imagination. Direct Line of the Sun, success in art and celebrity. +Union of Venus with Mercury, love and good fortune in connection with +the affections. Line of Health strong shows a vigorous constitution. +Triple branches on the wrist, superabundance of vitality and long life. + +A Cross on the Mount of Venus. This, taken in conjunction with the +cross on the Mount of Jupiter, shows happiness in married life. + +Of course it is seldom that such a conjunction of good lines is seen on +the same hand; but still, in those born under a fortunate conjunction +of the stars, many of these lines are seen together; but such hands are +rare, for anxiety, grief and disappointment are the general rule and +happiness the exception in this world. + + + + +Part III. + +PHYSIOGNOMY + + "La fisonomia è lo specchio dell' anima."--FINETTA. + + + + +CHAPTER XXVI. + +PHYSIOGNOMY + + +"The face is the mirror of the soul," says Finetta, a mediæval Italian +writer on the subject of physiognomy; and, to those who take the +trouble to study the matter, the intelligence, the sentiments and the +instincts of a person are all clearly manifested by the form of the +head and features and their relative proportions, by the colouring of +the skin, eyes and hair, by the fugitive expressions which, to an +attentive observer, are seen to pass over even the most impassable +faces, and "last, but certainly not least," by the lines left by the +habitual passage of the expression of strong feeling, which, to the +physiognomist, are visible even when the face is in repose. + +We are in the habit of applying the term physiognomy to the _face_ +only, but the word has really a much wider signification. All things +animate and inanimate have their physiognomy and, when judging of the +character by the form of the features of the face, it would be +impossible to ignore that given by the shape of the head, for, without +altogether believing that the brain is mapped out in the manner +described by phrenologists, there is no doubt that a good development +of the front of the head shows intelligence, whilst a head which is +inordinately protuberant at the back indicates the dominance of animal +instincts in the organisation. If the back of the head is quite flat, +it indicates coldness--want of passion in the nature. A head which is +large just above the ears shows a tendency to anger and if the signs of +benevolence on the brow and lips are entirely wanting it would mean +cruelty; but in physiognomy the signs on both the head and face must be +considered as a _whole_, and the qualities shown by _both_ must be +weighed one against another, before any right judgment can be arrived +at. In this study, as in that of graphology and chiromancy, a deductive +power of mind is required. Among twenty persons who may be sufficiently +interested in physiognomy to study it, there will be scarcely more than +one who will become a good physiognomist. One among the countless +objections which have been urged against physiognomy is that many +physiognomists make erroneous judgments; but, granted that they do so, +it is their want of discernment, or more probably their want of +deductivity--not the science--which fails. + +There is a certain sort of _instinctive_ power of judging character by +the face, possessed by children and animals, which is in harmony with +the theories of those who have thought and written most upon this +interesting subject. + +We are all of us--women, perhaps, more than men--daily influenced by +this sort of _instinctive_ physiognomy: for there are few people who do +not, when they first see a stranger, form a judgment of him, in which +they are, of course, only swayed by his outward appearance, although +they may never have even heard the word physiognomy. + +The _temperament_ has an immense amount of influence over the character +and this temperament is shown more especially by the colour and texture +of the skin and hair. It is temperament which precipitates, or retards, +the effects of illness and age and temperament is the result of the +astral influence which presided at our birth. + +These temperaments have been classified under four heads--viz., the +sanguine or choleric, the lymphatic, the bilious and the melancholic. + +The first, the sanguine or choleric, is the result of the astral +influence of Mars and Jupiter; the lymphatic, of the Moon and Venus, +but more especially the Moon; the bilious (which is especially the +intellectual temperament) of the Sun and Mercury and the melancholic +temperament is the result of the dominance of the sad planet, Saturn. +The sanguine temperament is shown by a skin with a good deal of colour +in it, either of a soft pinky white with a rosy peach-like colour on +the cheeks, in which case it is Jupiter which dominates in the +temperament, or of a deep red colour all over the face, when the +sanguine temperament is dominated by Mars, the hair being red or brown, +crispy or curling. + +The lymphatic temperament is shown by a soft, pale skin of a thick dead +white, the lips and cheeks being only slightly coloured; the hair is +fine and long, but not thick, and is light, not golden, but rather +colourless, or what the French call "_un blond cendré_"--that is, +of an ash-coloured fairness, sometimes of a soft brown, when Venus is +the dominating planet. The bilious temperament is the result of the +combination of the astral influences of the Sun and Mercury, the +planets which give artistic feeling and intelligence. + +Those having this temperament have yellow skins of a soft, fine texture +and when the Sun is the dominant planet they have a vivid colour in the +cheeks; the hair of those of the bilious temperament is golden and is +generally curly or wavy; if the melancholic temperament given by Saturn +is in combination (and it is frequently so in the bilious temperament) +with the yellow-tinted skin of the bilious temperament, we find also +the straight, deep black hair peculiar to the Saturnian. + +The melancholic temperament is that of those born under the dominant +influence of Saturn. People of this temperament are of a pale or livid, +and, sometimes, of a greenish-tinted or earth-coloured skin and their +hair is always of a dead black. It must be remembered that though one +planet may dominate at a birth, there are always present others which +have also their influences, though in a secondary degree, so no person +is of _one_ temperament without any admixture of the others, although +one may and often does dominate the others. + +Thus no one is _exclusively_ sanguine, bilious, lymphatic, or +melancholic. One person could be at once bilious, melancholic and +lymphatic. We sometimes see the apparently contradictory temperaments +of the melancholic and sanguine in the same person, but, generally +speaking, one temperament dominates, modified by one or more of the +others. This makes one of the sources of the variety of character we +see in those about us, no one person having precisely the same +modification of temperament, to say nothing of the difference of +intellectual gifts. Now, as the temperament produces the character and +the character the passions, it is very necessary, in order to be a good +physiognomist that we should be thoroughly expert in being able to +assign to each person under judgment the exact amount of domination of +each of these four temperaments and this is only to be done by noting +the colour and texture of the skin and hair. Aristotle has said that +though there is a certain physiognomy of the whole person, the +principal signs to guide us in a knowledge of human beings are to be +found on the face; and this is perhaps because the skin of the face is +somewhat differently constituted to that over the other parts of the +body. It is more transparent than that of the other parts of the body, +and thus more readily reflects the different colours--the vivid flush +of joy, the blush of shame, the livid hue of envy, the pallor of fear, +the different passions by which we are agitated. The face also is the +seat of the eyes and the lips, both of which features (being +continually in movement) make the face, as the old Italian writer has +said, "the mirror of the soul." + +Even those who habitually deny the power given by a knowledge of the +science of physiognomy admit that _in certain moments_ they have been +able to judge of what they could ask for from the expression they saw +on the face of the person with whom they were dealing. Now, if this +were so at one moment, why should it not be so always? When the soul is +agitated, that agitation shows itself, at once, upon the face by the +variation of its colours and by the contraction of certain muscles +about the features. Both this changing of colour and this movement of +the features vary according to the passions which produce the agitation +and these different expressions most people can read at a glance. No +one confounds the expression of happiness with unhappiness, of love +with hatred, of hope with despair, of jealousy with trustfulness, of +envy with sympathy. Habitual drunkards show their vice on their faces, +even when they are perfectly sober; so also do the other vices show +themselves by the lines left on the face by the constant recurrence of +the contraction of the features when under the immediate and violent +influence of the ruling passion. By dint of continually exercising the +faculty of observation they come to see expressions and lines on the +face which, though perhaps quite lost upon others, give them +indications of character which are sometimes startling revelations. +Here, again, is another objection which is often advanced against the +study of physiognomy. Does it not, by laying bare the vices and +weaknesses of human nature, induce a cynical opinion of human nature? +No; for, whilst it makes us clear-sighted as to the vices, it also +reveals to us many sweet and noble qualities in those by whom we are +surrounded, which, perhaps, were never suspected by us. No one better +understood his fellow-men, no one was ever more alive to "the sweet, +sad music of humanity," than Shakespeare. His large-hearted, +sympathetic nature gave him intuitive perception of character, and +this, aided by his wonderful powers of observation, must have made him +a physiognomist. He "looked quite through the thoughts of men," and +yet, with all this wondrous knowledge of human nature, he says, "What a +piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculties! +In form and moving how express and admirable! In action how like an +angel! In apprehension how like a God!" + + [Illustration: _THE PLANETS' PLACES ON THE FACE FACSIMILE FROM AN + OLD WOODCUT, DATE 1657_ + + _To face Chapter XXVII._] + + + + +CHAPTER XXVII. + +THE FOREHEAD AND EYEBROWS + + +"One part of the forehead," says a Chinese proverb, "shows our +faculties, the other part the use we make of them." This is, in a great +measure, true; for the form and height of the brow show the degree of +thought and power of intellect, whilst the skin of the forehead, its +colour, lines and tension, denote the passions and the state of mind. +Though the skin of the forehead may be equally wrinkled in different +faces, the forms which these lines take vary very much. The first line +next the hair, which is rarely seen till past middle age, is referred +to the influence of Saturn; the second to Jupiter; the third to Mars; +the fourth, over the right eyebrow, to the Sun; the fifth, over the +left eyebrow, to the Moon; the sixth, between the eyebrows, to Venus, +whilst Mercury is assigned his place on the bridge of the nose (see +plate). + +When the Line of Saturn is long and well-defined, it indicates the +prudence and sagacity which ought to come with age; when it is broken +or curved in an oblique manner it shows peevishness and avarice. + +The Line of Jupiter, straight and clearly-defined, shows an honourable +and just person; if broken or taking oblique curves it indicates a very +voluptuous person. + +If the Line of Mars should be long and clear, and stretching across the +forehead in one continuous line, it denotes courage and much warlike +ambition; if the line be broken, such a person will be a brawler and +quarrelsome and will experience ill fortune in war. + +The Line of the Sun being perfect and reaching nearly to the middle of +the forehead, shows ambition, good judgment and success; being broken +or oblique in its form, it shows egotism and love of money. + +The Line of the Moon, clear and perfect above the left eyebrow, much +imagination and also much travelling into strange places. When this +line is broken or much curved, it indicates caprice and want of truth. + +The Line of Venus, delicately marked and straight, shows tenderness and +success in love matters; if broken and curved, the reverse. + +If three lines appear in the place of Mercury across the bridge of the +nose, they denote eloquence and wit; if more than three, loquacity and +deceit. + +So much for the _lines_ on the forehead. As to the _form_, Aristotle +tells us that "a very large and prominent forehead shows stupidity"; it +is quite true that men of the highest intelligence have foreheads of +medium height, but exceptionally broad and full over the eyebrow. + +A forehead which is very full over the eyebrows and rather low than +high, shows intuitive faculty, artistic perception and idealism; we see +this form of brow in all the antique statues of Apollo. A very +projecting forehead, fuller above than below, and so large as to appear +to dominate the whole face, is generally the forehead of a slow if not +a dull intellect. A perpendicular forehead, well rounded at the +temples, rather high than low and having straight, well-defined +eyebrows, shows solid power of the understanding, love of study and +power of concentrating the attention, but it is not the forehead of the +poet, painter, or musician. + +Arched foreheads, somewhat low, but full at the temples, with long, +sweeping and mobile eyebrows, appear properly to be feminine, since +they show sweetness and sensitiveness of nature. + +High, narrow and wholly unwrinkled foreheads, over which the skin seems +tightly drawn, are indicative of weakness of the will-power, want of +imagination and very little susceptibility. They are the foreheads of +narrow-minded, commonplace persons. Of course other features may soften +these indications; intelligent eyes may give intellect, or a sweet and +tender mouth feeling enough to, at any rate, diminish the unpleasant +indications of this type of forehead. + +Foreheads not altogether projecting, but having angular and knotty +protuberances upon them, denote vigour of mind and harsh and oppressive +activity and perseverance. To be in exact proportion, the forehead +should be the same length as the nose. In Greek art, however, it is +generally shorter, which gives softness and elegance to the face. It +should be oval at the top, or somewhat square; if the latter, it gives +more force--if the former, more sensibility of character. It should be +smooth in repose, yet have the power of wrinkling when in deep thought, +or when in grief or anger; for foreheads over which the skin is so +tightly strained as never to change under these circumstances show a +dull, unsensitive and unintellectual nature. A forehead should project +more over the eyes than at the top, and there should be a small cavity +in the centre, separating the brow into four divisions: but this should +be so slightly accentuated as only to be seen when the forehead is in a +strong light coming from above it. + +When the eyebrows are far from each other at their starting-point +between the eyes, they denote warmth, frankness and impulse--a generous +and unsuspicious nature. A woman or man having such eyebrows would +never be causelessly jealous. Eyebrows, on the contrary, which meet +between the eyes in the manner so much admired by the Persians denote a +temperament ardent in love, but jealous and suspicious: all Saturnians +have these eyebrows. + +Eyebrows somewhat higher at their starting-point, and which pass in a +long sweeping line over the eyes, drooping slightly downwards at their +termination, show artistic feeling and great sense of beauty in form. +The Empress Eugénie's eyebrows are of this form, which gives a sweet +and wistful expression to the face and which some old writers have +asserted to be the sign of a violent death. + +Eyebrows lying very close to the eyes, forming one direct, clear line +on strongly-defined eyebones having the same form, show strength of +will and extreme determination of character. This sort of eyebrow +appears on the busts of Nero; but there its indications of +determination are deepened with cruelty by the massive jaw and the +development of the cheekbone by the ear. This form of eyebrow, in +conjunction with other good indications, would mean only constancy in +affection, power of carrying out a project despite all difficulties and +taste for science. + +Eyebrows that are strongly marked at the commencement and then +terminate abruptly without sweeping past the eyes, show an irascible, +energetic and impatient nature. + +Thick eyebrows, somewhat arched, show artistic perception of beauty in +colour. Delicately marked eyebrows, slightly arched, indicate +tenderness. + +Eyebrows lighter than the hair show weakness and indecision. Eyebrows +much darker than the hair denote an ardent, passionate and constant +temperament. + +Angular, strong and sharply interrupted eyebrows close to the eyes +always show fire and productive activity. No profound thinker has +weakly marked eyebrows, or eyebrows placed very high on the forehead. +Want of eyebrow almost always indicates a want of mental and bodily +force. The nearer the eyebrows are to the eyes, the more earnest, deep +and firm the character; the more remote from the eyes, the more +volatile and less resolute the nature. + +Eyebrows the same colour as the hair show firmness, resolution and +constancy; but in judging of the eyebrows it must be remembered that if +form and colour give different indications, the _form_ (as this also +means that of the brow) gives the most important indication, the colour +and texture of the eyebrow being secondary to its _position_ as regards +the eyes and forehead. + + + + +CHAPTER XXVIII. + +THE EYES AND EYELASHES + + +The eye has been called "the window of the soul," and not without +reason, for it seems more than any other organ to be capable of +expressing all its emotions. The most tumultuous passions, the most +delicate feelings, the most acute sensations, the eye expresses in all +their force and in all their purity, as they arise and transmits them +by variations so rapid as to give to the lookers-on the very image of +that with which it is itself inspired; for the eye receives and +reflects the intelligence of the thoughts as well as the warmth of the +feelings. + +The colours most common to the eyes are brown, grey, blue, hazel and +black, or what we _call_ black--for those eyes which appear to be +black will generally be found to be of a deep yellowish-brown when +looked at very narrowly; it is the distance only which makes them seem +to be black, because the deep yellow-brown colour is in such strong +contrast to the white of the eye that it appears black. There are also +eyes of so bright a hazel as to seem almost yellow; lastly, there are +eyes that are positively green. Very beautiful, too, are some of the +eyes of this colour when they are shaded--as is very often the +case--with long, dark eyelashes; but, though beautiful, they are not +indicative of a _good_ disposition. + +Green eyes, although their praises are often sung in Spanish ballads, +show deceit and coquetry. We sometimes see eyes which appear to be a +combination of yellow, orange, and blue, the latter colour generally +appearing in streaks over the whole surface of the iris, while the +orange and yellow are set in flakes of unequal size around and at some +distance apart; these eyes are indicative of originality, amounting, at +times, to eccentricity. No commonplace person has this sort of eye; +they show intellectuality, and, in most cases, literary ability. + +There are eyes which are remarkable for being of, what might be said to +be, no colour. The iris has only some shades of blue or pale grey, so +feeble as to be almost white in some parts, and the shades of orange +which intervene are so small that they can scarcely be distinguished +from grey or white, notwithstanding the contrast of colours. The black +of the pupil is, in these eyes, too marked, because the colour of the +iris around it is not deep enough, so that in looking at them we seem +to see only the pupil. These eyes are expressionless, for their glance +is fixed and dead; they invariably belong to persons of the lymphatic +temperament, and they indicate a listless and feeble disposition, +incapable of enterprise and a cold and indolently selfish nature. + +Blue eyes are more significant of tenderness and of a yieldingness of +purpose than either brown, black, or grey eyes. There are occasionally +to be met strong characters with this tint of eye, but then they will +be found to have other indications in the rest of their physiognomy +which correct the delicacy and yieldingness of this coloured eye. +Blue-eyed people are not inconstant, like those of the hazel and yellow +eyes, but they yield from affection. + +Angry, irritable persons have frequently eyes of a brownish tint, +inclined to a greenish hue. Although the purely green eye of which I +have spoken indicates deceit and coquetry, the propensity to greenish +tints in the eyes is a sign of wisdom and courage. Very choleric +persons, if they have blue eyes, have also certain tints of green in +them and, when under the influence of anger, a sudden red light appears +in them. Such eyes as these are generally found in connection with the +sanguine, or, as it is sometimes called, choleric temperament; that is, +in those persons who have been born under the double influence of +Jupiter and Mars; but, when we see these red tints in the eyes, it +would be a sign that, of the two planets presiding over this +temperament, Mars was dominant. + +Clear grey-blue eyes, with a calm steadfastness in their glance, are +indicative of cheerfulness of disposition, of a serene temper and a +constant nature. These eyes are peculiar to the Northern nations; one +meets with them among the Swedes, and also sometimes amongst the +Scotch. The blue eyes we see among the rare blondes of the South--that +is, in Italy and Spain--always have eyes in which there are some +greenish tints; and such eyes, though often called light blue, have +none of the qualities of serenity and constancy which belong to the +light blue eyes of the North. Neither must the pleasant light blue eye, +with the honest glance, be confounded with another sort of eye of a +pale blue, almost steel-coloured hue, which has a continually shifting +sort of motion both of the eyelids and the pupils of the eyes. People +with such eyes as these are to be avoided, as they are indicative of a +deceitful and selfish nature. Very dark blue eyes, with something of +the tint of the violet, show great power of affection and purity of +mind, but not much intellectuality. + +Grey eyes, of a somewhat greenish grey, with orange as well as blue in +them, and which are of ever-varying tints, like the sea, are those +which denote most intellectuality. They are especially indicative of +the impulsive, impressionable temperament--a mixture of the sanguine +and the bilious--which produces the poetic and artistic natures. The +line-- + + "The poet's eye, in a fine phrenzy rolling," + +does not suggest a blue, or even a black, so much as the changeful, +ever-varying tinted, grey eye; and it is a fact that in England (where +there are more varieties of tints in eyes than in any other country) +the poets have almost always grey eyes. A biographer of Byron speaks of +his "beautiful, changeful grey eyes, which deepened in colour when he +was under the influence of tenderness and passion, and which glowed +with a red light when he was angry." Shakespeare also had, we are told, +grey eyes, and so had Sir Walter Scott; whilst Coleridge had eyes of a +greenish grey. Among the artists, too, eyes of this colour abound. + +Black eyes, or what are considered such, are indicative of passionate +ardour in love. Brown eyes, when not of the yellowish tint, but pure +russet brown, show an affectionate disposition; the darker the +brown--that is, the more they verge on to that deepest tint of brown +which is seen in eyes we are in the habit of calling black--the more +ardent and passionate is the power of affection. The brown eyes which +do not appear black--that is, which are not dark enough to appear +so--are the eyes of sweet, gentle, and unselfish natures, without the +inconstancy of the light brown or _yellow_ eyes--"golden eyes," as +they were called by a lady novelist--and which are very little more to +be trusted than the green eyes already spoken of. The maiden in +Longfellow's _Hyperion_, of whom he says, + + "She has two eyes so soft and brown, + She looketh up, she looketh down; + Beware, beware, she is fooling thee," + +must have had these _light_ brown eyes. + +Eyes which show no lines when in sorrow or laughter denote a +passionless and unimpressionable nature. Eyes of a long almond shape, +with thick-skinned eyelids which appear to cover half the pupil, are +indicative of genius; if in conjunction the forehead is that which +shows idealism, and has one deep perpendicular line between the +eyebrows, which is indicative of originality of mind and which is +generally to be seen in the forehead of distinguished writers and +artists. It is very remarkable in all the portraits of Michael Angelo. +The almond-shaped eye, however, even without this peculiar form of +forehead, always means a susceptible, impressionable nature. Eyes which +are large, open and very transparent and which sparkle with a rapid +motion under well-defined eyelids, denote elegance in tastes, a +somewhat susceptible temper and great interest in the opposite sex. + +Eyes with weakly-marked eyebrows above them and with thinly-growing +eyelashes which are completely without any upward curve, denote a +feeble constitution and a melancholy disposition. These eyelashes are +often seen in people who combine the lymphatic and melancholic +temperaments--that is, in persons born under the combined influence of +the two melancholy planets, Saturn and the Moon. The eyes of these +people are either of a pale, colourless sort of blue, or of a dull +black without any sparkle in them. + +Want of eyelash, like want of eyebrows, shows a general want of force, +both of body and intellect. + +Strong, dark and short eyelashes show force of character and a strong +and obstinate will. + +Eyes with sharply-defined angles, sinking at the corners, show subtlety +of mind; the sharper the angle and the more it sinks, the greater the +delicacy of perception it denotes; but when very much developed it +shows also craftiness amounting to deceit. Well-opened eyes with smooth +eyelids and a steady and somewhat fixed glance denote sincerity. Lines +running along the eyelid from side to side and passing out upon the +temples denote habitual laughter--a cheerful temperament, or, at any +rate, one in which the sense of humour is strong. + +We sometimes see (but it is rare) persons whose eyes are of different +colours. For instance, one eye will be of a bluish-grey, whilst the +other will be so flecked with orange or tawny yellow spots as to appear +what might be called a brown eye. This peculiarity of having eyes of +different colours is sometimes to be seen in dogs, and very often in +cats of the Persian breed, or white cats, but it is very rare in human +beings. An old Italian writer says that people having eyes of different +colours are likely to become mad. Having, during the whole course of my +life, only known two persons having this peculiarity, I do not feel +qualified to pass an opinion as regards this indication. One of these +persons certainly was mad on several points; and, when it is added that +the other is the writer of this book, many of its readers may be +inclined to think that the mediæval physiognomist's theory might very +possibly be correct. + + + + +CHAPTER XXIX. + +THE NOSE + + +We often see fine eyes in an otherwise ugly face, but rarely is a +thoroughly beautiful nose found in a face which could be called ugly, +for the nose is the keynote of the face, and in it lies the chief +characteristic of the countenance. Beautiful eyes and beautiful lips +have, it is true, more charm--it is the expression of the eyes and lips +of those we love which we most remember in absence--but it is the nose +which, more than any other feature, most affects the general character +of the face. This will be seen if we try the experiment of drawing the +head and face of any beautiful statue--say the Venus of Milo, for +instance--and, while giving it all its fair proportions of brow and +cheek and chin, we substitute a small turn-up nose, or, worse still, a +flat or snub nose, for the noble yet softly gracious line of the nose +in this most perfect head and how much we should lower the noble type +of beauty this Venus presents! Of course no one in real life could be +unattractive with such a brow and beautifully shaped eyes, to say +nothing of the perfect lips and softly rounded lines of the chin; but +the nobility of the face would be entirely lost by this alteration of +the lines of the nose; whilst we might alter the beautiful lines of the +eyes, narrow the brow, and even take from the softly voluptuous contour +of lips and chin, yet by leaving untouched the perfect form of the nose +we should still retain the dignity of expression which is so +characteristic of this statue. + +A nose to be perfect should equal the length of the forehead; it may, +when the forehead is exceptionally low, be even longer than the +forehead (and in most of the beautiful antique statues it is so), but +on no account should it be shorter than the brow. Viewed in front, the +nose should be somewhat broader at its root--that is, where it starts +from the brow--than below. The end of it should be neither hard nor +fleshy, but it should be well defined, though neither very pointed nor +very broad, for all extremes of forms in any of the features are bad. +Viewed in profile, the distance from the line of the wing of the nose +to its tip should only be one-third of the length of the nose. Thus, +those noses which stand very much out from the face as they near the +end of the nose, whilst they are low on the bridge and between the +eyes, are out of proportion. Those having such noses are vivacious, but +wanting in dignity and force of character. They are impressionable, +inquisitive and inconstant. + +The nostrils (from the different forms of which many indications are +given) should be pointed above and rounded below. The sides of the nose +at its root between the eyes should close well with the line of the +eyebone (as one sees them invariably do in the antique statues), and +should be at least half an inch in width. Perhaps a better rule of +proportion--as regards the whole face--is that the width of the nose +between the eyes should be exactly the length of the eye. + +Noses which are arched from their starting-point between the eyes show +capability of command, energy and force of character. It will be +remembered that the Duke of Wellington--the Iron Duke--had this sort of +nose. Of course, this form in excess (as it certainly was in his case), +without the characteristics of self-control and other good points in +the face, would not have the same indication. A very prominent nose, +like the beak of a parrot, with a narrow brow and retreating chin, +would give stupid obstinacy; but, in an otherwise good physiognomy, a +prominent nose gives force, command and productive energy. + +It cannot, however, be denied that one _sometimes_ comes upon noses +which are rather small in proportion to the rest of the face and which +are so devoid of arch as to be almost concave in their line when seen +in profile, in persons of fairly good understanding; but such noses +belong rather to those who appreciate, than to those who produce, works +of literature and art. The people having these noses, provided the +brows show some intellectuality, will be found to enjoy the beautiful +influences of works of the imagination, but they themselves possess +little or no creative power. + +Straight noses give indications between these two extremes; they may +belong to persons of the creative, or simply appreciative, order of +mind. The form of the head and brow and the line of the eyebrows would +determine to which class they especially belong. Arched noses with +broad backs denote force of character. Swift and Napoleon Bonaparte had +noses of this type. This sort of nose, with an arch starting from the +root, is seen in almost all the busts of the Roman emperors; it is, in +fact, frequently called the "Roman nose," and is very typical of the +race which was for so many ages dominant in Europe; whilst the +beautiful straight nose (which we are accustomed to call Grecian, +because it is seen in almost all the antique statues) is quite as +indicative of the perception of beauty in art and literature and of the +subtlety of mind which distinguished the Greeks. The creative force in +the antique straight nose is given by its _proportion_ to the rest +of the face, for it is always larger in proportion to the brow, cheeks +and jaws than the strongly-arched broad-bridged nose which we call +Roman, and thus it is indicative of quite as much productive force as +the arched Roman nose, with infinitely more delicacy of perception; a +small straight nose shorter than the forehead and set in a large round +face, shows timidity and foolishness and is the nose of an +unintelligent person. + +High noses that are not broad-backed are often seen in the faces of men +of letters, but a high _thin_-backed nose, which seems to start up in a +sharp ridge when seen in profile, is more indicative of penetration and +acuteness than force of mind. These noses have generally fine, sharp +tips, with a downward curve; this is an indication of wit. Voltaire and +Sterne had such noses; they are generally seen in combination with thin +and flexible lips and a somewhat pointed chin. A nose which is bent +downwards is also indicative of sadness of disposition, for it is one +of the signatures of the melancholy planet Saturn; but wit may exist +(in fact generally does so) with a somewhat sad temperament. Voltaire's +wit is almost always cynical, and cynicism grows out of a want of hope, +a want of belief in one's fellow-creatures; whilst in Sterne (the +writer of the inimitable though now little-read work, _Tristram +Shandy_) there is always, even in his brightest sallies, an +under-current of pathetic sadness. People with this sort of nose are +sarcastic, somewhat hypochondriacal and very often reserved and morose. +If, with this form of nose, the nostrils are narrow and almost closed +and the wings of the nose pinched, the indications are still more those +given by the melancholy planet Saturn; the more elastic and freely +moving the nostril with this form of nose, the more bright and the less +sardonic the wit. A person with a broad Roman nose, having this violent +downward curve over the mouth, is one to be avoided, for this +combination denotes a secretly voluptuous temperament--a man or woman +of strong passions hidden beneath a cold and reserved manner. +Broad-backed fleshy noses, round and full at the tips, with +intellectually good brows, show a genial temperament and a sense of +humour. Without the good indications of the brow they would only show +love of good cheer and a certain good-humoured carelessness. + +Snub-noses--that is, noses short in proportion to the brow and with +round fleshy tips--are indicative of commonplace, somewhat coarse +natures, especially if the nostrils are round and the bridge of the +nose very low between the eyes. + +What is called a turned-up nose shows vivacity of temperament, +jealousy, talkativeness, impudence (growing out of a certain amount of +self-esteem) and petulance. + +There is a sort of delicately turned-up nose which we often see in +pretty women, and which, though it shows wilfulness and coquetry--things +not uncommon in pretty women, since the song tells us-- + + "For oh! these charming women, + They all have wills of their own"-- + +is significant of delicate perceptions and a certain intuitive +cleverness which is thoroughly feminine and, therefore, very attractive +to men. These noses--which are especially the noses of charming +women--are well raised at the root; in fact, have all the delicacy of +line of a straight nose, except that the extreme tip has an upward +curve. It must have been of one of these delicate and thoroughly +feminine noses that Tennyson must have been thinking when he describes +one of his heroines as having a nose-- + + "Tip-tilted like a flower." + +Flexible nostrils, which quiver under excitement, show an ardent, +poetic, and sensitive temperament. + +Very open and flexible nostrils show ardour in love and if seen in +conjunction with large, full and slowly-moving eyes and a full under +lip, indicate a voluptuous and passionate nature. + +Closed nostrils show melancholy, timidity and absence of hopefulness--a +person who habitually sees everybody and everything _en noir_. + +Round nostrils show animal instincts and a somewhat low type of +individuality; they are generally seen in snub-noses, which of +themselves give the same indication. + +Noses which have on both sides many wrinkles, which become visible on +the slightest motion and never entirely disappear, even in a state of +complete rest, show cunning and sarcasm. + +When the line (which, after extreme youth, is always more or less seen +from the nose to the mouth) is very strongly marked, and descends at a +great distance from the corners of the mouth to the chin, it evidences +an anxious and melancholic nature. + + + + +CHAPTER XXX. + +THE MOUTH, TEETH, JAW AND CHIN + + +A mouth to be beautiful should be in harmony as regards proportion with +the rest of the features of the face; that is, it should be neither +remarkably large nor remarkably small. Neither the upper nor the lower +lip should project beyond the other when the mouth is closed. The lips +should shut easily over the teeth, and in doing so should fall into a +flowing line of curves without compression. The more the lips are +endowed with motion and the more richly they are coloured, the finer +and more delicate are the human passions they indicate. + +An excess of even good form is bad; thus if the full rich lines of a +generous mouth are exaggerated, we have the indication of sensuality, +whilst the finer susceptibilities shown by delicately moulded lips may, +by a little excess towards thinness, give fastidiousness and even +avarice. + +The middle-sized mouth, which combines strength with warmth of feeling, +whilst it steers clear of coarseness, is what gives the best +indications. Such a mouth shows courage, generosity, and affection. + +A mild, somewhat overhanging upper lip generally signifies goodness, or +rather kindliness of disposition; but if very much overhung it shows +weakness of purpose and an irresolute, vacillating character and, where +the under lip is small as well as retreating and the chin also small, +it is an indication of imbecility. + +A mouth in which the lower lip projects shows prudence amounting to +distrust and melancholy. We often see this form of mouth with the +down-drooping nose; both are indications of the dominating influence of +Saturn at the birth of the person possessing such a combination of +features. If the under lip should be very full as well as projecting +and droops in a flaccid manner without closing over the teeth when the +lips are in repose, it is a sign of a sensual nature. Of course an +intellectual brow and a firm and energetic form of nose would lessen +the evil of such an indication, but there is always a tendency towards +the grosser pleasures of the senses in a person with such a form of +lips. + +A mouth with lips habitually apart denotes eloquence, if the rest of +the face gives intellectual indications; but if none of the signs of +mental power are there, it would only signify a chattering person +wanting in decision and promptness of action. + +A firmly closed mouth shows courage, fortitude and determination; even +an habitually open mouth will be seen to close with a sort of forced +compression when endurance is necessary. Everyone closes the mouth +after saying, "I am resolved." + +A somewhat long mouth, with an upward curve at the corners and with +thin and very flexible lips, indicates wit. Voltaire had this sort of +mouth. + +Full, flexible lips, with a hollow in the centre of the lower lip, and +with the corners turning upwards, show a joyous, hospitable and rather +materialistic temperament, with good spirits and sense of humour. + +A mouth with full lips, but in which one side of the lower lip is +larger and fuller than the other, was said by the old writers to denote +ardour in love and general sensuousness. It is one of the signatures of +Venus. + +A wart just above the upper lip shows a coarse and cruel nature; a mole +in the same place, love of the opposite sex. + +Of course, the shape and placing of the teeth are not without +significance in the character given by the mouth. When the upper gum +shows above the teeth directly the lips are open, it is a sign of a +selfish and phlegmatic nature. + +Short, small teeth are held by the old physiognomists to denote +weakness and short life, whilst rather long teeth, if evenly set in the +head, denote long life. + +The more the teeth, in point of size, shape and arrangement, approach +to those of the carnivorous animals, the more violent are the animal +instincts in the person; whilst the more the human teeth in shape and +position approach to those of the graminivorous animals, the more +placid is the character. + +White, medium-sized and evenly-set teeth, which are seen as soon as the +mouth is open, but which are never exposed--that is, which do not at +any time show the gums--are a sign of good and honest natures. + +Projecting teeth show rapacity; small, retreating teeth, such as are +rarely seen unless in laughter, show weakness and want of physical and +moral courage. The lower teeth projecting and closing over the upper +range are indicative of a harsh nature. + +In most faces the mouth or the nose is the more prominent. Where the +nose is the dominant feature, energy, command and force of willpower, +combined (unless the mouth and eyes show great kindness) with +selfishness, show themselves in the character. Where the mouth, jaw and +chin are more prominent, the appetites and passions are strong. + +Broad jaws, with a broad forehead, mean both force of intellect and +force of animal passion. Byron had this combination of brow and jaw; +but the lips, which were full and flexible and with upward-curving +corners, redeemed the sensuality given by the jaws, and the +intellectual qualities shown by the form of the brow were in excess of +the indications of voluptuousness given by the lower part of the face. + +A person who has the jaw much broader than the brow and head has strong +passions and a weak intellect--the very worst possible combination. + +When the jaws are massive and yet the head and brow are more so, we +have a powerful character, who can exert all his intellectual powers on +one subject--one who has the very valuable faculty of concentration. + +Where the jaws are much narrower than the head, we have a character +where the sensual instincts are feeble, and where intellect is of a +subtle and refined order. Wit is shown by this form of face, especially +if the nose is delicately outlined, the tip pointed and somewhat +drooping over the mouth. + +When the lips retreat on each side of the mouth and open into an oval +form, it denotes a subtle intelligence, tact and refinement of nature. + +A sharp indentation immediately above the chin, between it and the +lower lip, shows good understanding. + +A pointed chin is a sign of craftiness, wisdom, discretion and +intuitive perception. + +A soft, fat, double chin shows epicurism and love of sensual pleasures +of all sorts; it also indicates an indolent temperament. We never see +such chins in persons of an energetic, restless nature. Charles James +Fox, who was excessively indolent, had this chin even in youth. + +A flat chin shows avarice and a cold, hard nature; a small chin +indicates weakness, want of will-power and cowardice. + +A retreating chin is a sign of silliness and, if the brow is shallow, +of imbecility. + +Where the space between the nose and the red part of the lip is short +and very sharply cut, it indicates refinement and delicacy of +perception, but not much power--no _force_ of intellect; where this +space is unusually short, it denotes silliness and weakness of purpose. +A rather long but not flat upper lip, especially where the serpentine +line of the middle of the mouth is much defined and the middle of the +lip droops to the lower lip and is very flexible, denotes an eloquent +person. We see this form of upper lip in the bust of Demosthenes, the +greatest of Grecian orators; in Cicero, whose eloquence was unsurpassed +in his age; in Fox, whose powers of oratory were great; in the +demagogue Wilkes, in Edmund Burke, in Lord Palmerston and numerous +other orators. + +A very long upper lip, which is flat and which belongs to a straight +and formless or too thick-lipped mouth, is a sign of a low and vicious +type of character. Almost all the faces of great criminals have this +defect, combined with massive jaws and high cheek-bones, which last +defect is, both Lavater and Perneti (a great French writer on the +subject of physiognomy) tell us, a sign of rapacity and egotism. + +A round chin, with a dimple in it, denotes kindliness and benevolence, +a tender and unselfish nature. In a very massive double chin the dimple +increases the quality of love of sensual pleasures. A square and +massive chin shows strong perseverance and determined will. + +An old Italian writer says that "women with brown, hairy moles on the +chin, especially if these excrescences are on the under part of the +chin, are industrious, active and are good housewives"; they are also, +he says, "very sanguine and given to love follies. They talk much and +whilst they are easily excited to return a love which is offered them, +they are not so readily prevailed upon to become indifferent. For this +reason," he goes on, evidently speaking feelingly and probably +therefore with personal experience of the matter, "they should be +treated with circumspect, calm friendship and kept at a distance by a +mildly cold dignity of demeanour." He gives no directions as to how +this effective "demeanour" is to be arrived at, but at once passes on +to another remark on the subject of moles, and tells us that "a mole +upon the upper lip, especially if it is bristly, will be found in no +person who is not defective in something essential." This is rather a +wide way of putting the matter. Are people with this blemish morally, +mentally, or physically deficient? Wanting in kissableness such a mouth +might be and this, perhaps, where lips are concerned, _is_ "something +essential." + + + + +CHAPTER XXXI. + +THE HAIR AND THE EARS + + +Black hair which is perfectly without any wave or curl and which lies +in lank, lifeless masses, shows a melancholic disposition; a black +beard which grows sparsely gives the same indication. + +Black hair which is wavy or curling and very thick, shows force of +affection and a certain ardour in love matters; so also does a thick +and crisp-textured black beard and moustache. + +The lank, thin and uncurling black hair is one of the signatures of +Saturn alone; the crisp, curling and thickly-growing black hair is the +combination of Venus and Saturn. The united influence of these two +planets on a life gives force of character, for the warmth and impulse +given by Venus is tempered by the distrust of Saturn into prudence; +thus people with the crisp dark hair get the ardour, combined with +prudence, which produces success in life. + +Chestnut hair of a soft and silky texture and not very thick, gives +romance of character. This is not the sort of hair which is ever seen +on very commonplace, realistic persons. Men having this soft +chestnut-coloured hair are somewhat effeminate in their tastes and are +wanting in energy and decision. Both men and women having it are +incapable of strong affection: they are attracted by the opposite sex, +but they are more given to having a series of small interests than one +strong love. If this hair is found in combination with the golden +coloured eyes it is indicative of coquetry in the nature; if with pale +blue-grey eyes we have languor and caprice--a sentimental and +inconsistent person. + +Bright golden hair of a rich deep colour and of a crisp and waving +texture growing thickly on the head and somewhat low on the brow, shows +an ardent, poetic and artistic temperament. It is the signature of the +Sun. Such people are generally fond of music, painting, or poetry. Both +men and women having this sort of hair are intuitive in their +judgments; they do not reason about things, they feel them; they are a +little quick of temper, that is, easily ruffled, but they are quickly +appeased; they are gay and interest themselves in art, even if they are +not artists themselves. + +Persons with red hair are ardent and vivacious, especially if, with it, +they have hazel eyes, in which case they have a bright and quick +intelligence, for reddish hair and bright brown eyes are the signature +of Mercury. They have a great deal of natural facility for study and +good memories, but they are selfish and rather cruel. + +Red hair, with blue eyes, shows the same warmth of character, but not +so much intelligence, and if, with blue eyes and red hair, the eyebrows +and eyelashes are white--as is often the case--it is an indication of a +weak and capricious nature. + +People with red-brown hair, which is very thick and redder over the +ears and at the temples and on the beard than on the head, are +courageous and hot-tempered. This coloured hair is the signature of the +fiery planet Mars, and (unless the other indications in the face are +widely different) shows activity and energy in all things. It augments +the indications of force and power given by other features and in art +gives sense of colour in painters--force of language and eloquence in +poets--and power in musical composition. + +Hair of that colourless, fair colour which French writers call _blond +cendré_, or ash-coloured, denotes persons of an indolent and dreamy +temperament. It is the indication given by the dominant influence of +the Moon at birth. Persons with this sort of hair, in combination with +large blue-grey eyes, with fair, long, but straight eyelashes and very +slightly-defined eyebrows of the same blonde colour and white, soft +skin, are capricious, languid, imaginative and somewhat melancholic. +The imaginative and excessively indolent Théophile Gautier, the French +novelist, was of this type in combination with Venus, giving a +sensuousness amounting to sensuality. + +Women having this sort of colouring of skin and hair are romantic and +devoted in a resigned, but not active spirit--that is, they are more +generous in words than deeds, for they are incapable of exertion and +still less of perseverance. + +Persons with soft, wavy brown hair are affectionate, gentle and loving. +Their first instincts are always good and kind. They like society and +are gracious in manners and, though they are not quite as indolent as +those having the soft ash-coloured hair--indicative of the Moon's +influence--they are still lovers of repose and elegant comfort. + +People with this soft brown hair (which is one of the signatures of the +planet Venus) are very open to the impressions of beauty and they abhor +noise, discords and quarrels; men with this sort of hair, like those +with _pale_ golden hair, are somewhat effeminate and are easily moved +to tears. + +Large, fleshy ears (especially those which have the lobes of the ears +red) show coarseness of nature and sensuality. + +If the ears stand forward so as to show their entire form when the face +is seen from the front, it denotes rapacity and cruelty. + +Long-shaped but small ears indicate refinement; a very small ear, close +to the head, shows delicacy of perception, refinement, but also +timidity. + +The ears should be so placed as not to be higher than the eyebrow, or +lower than the tip of the nose; if set in too sloping a direction they +show timidity; if too upright, animal instincts, courage, amounting to +cruelty, especially if they obtrude from the head. + +A thin ear shows delicacy and poetry of feeling; a thick ear the +reverse. + +Middle-sized ears, rather close to the head, are the signature of +Jupiter; large ears of Saturn; delicate, long-shaped ears of the Sun +and also of Mercury, only those bearing the signature of Mercury are +more coloured, whilst those of the Sun are pale. + +Very upright ears, standing forward, are the signature of Mars; small, +round ears, delicately tinted pink and close to the head, show the +influence of Venus; whilst middle-sized round ears, of a very pale +colour, are indicative of persons born under the influence of the Moon. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXII. + +THE SIGNATURES OF THE PLANETS ON THE FACE + + +Those born under Jupiter have fresh complexions, and large blue or grey +eyes, with thick and well-formed eyelids; and their eyelashes are long; +their hair--which is chestnut, or, if tending towards black, is a +brown, not _blue_, black--and is crisp or curly. They generally have +well-marked and somewhat arched eyebrows, and their noses straight, +with a slight rise on them, and somewhat fleshy; their mouths are +large, but with generous, curved and full lips, the upper lip +projecting over the lower one; their teeth are large, and the two in +front are generally longer than the rest; their cheeks are fleshy and +firm; the cheek-bones are well defined, without being prominent; the +chin is large, with a dimple in the centre of it; their ears are of +medium size and lie somewhat close to the head. The men born under +Jupiter have thick curly brown beards, but they get bald early in life. + +Those born under the dominant influence of the melancholy planet Saturn +have no colour in their cheeks and their skin is dark and of a yellow +or leaden tint. It is seldom that anyone is born under the _sole_ +influence of one planet; the ugliness of the Saturnian type is much +mitigated by the influence of Jupiter, and the union of Venus and +Saturn often produces positive beauty of a serious and melancholic +sort. Many of the strikingly beautiful Spanish faces show the combined +influence of these two planets. + +Those born under the dominant influence of the Sun have regular +features and a soft skin of a yellowish tint, but with colour in the +cheeks and lips. Their hair is of a _red_-gold tint; and their eyebrows +are well defined, but not dark. Their eyes are of a golden brown or +greenish grey, and are brilliant and well shaped; the eyelashes and +eyebrows are a little darker than the hair, but not dark, and are +traced in a long sweeping line extending to the temples. Their cheeks +are well covered, without being plump; their jaws are a long oval and +neither the cheek-bones nor the jaws are at all prominent. Their teeth +are even, but of rather yellowish white; their mouths are neither large +nor small, but well formed, with the lips meeting evenly, that is, +neither the upper nor the lower lip projecting. Their ears are +medium-sized, rather long in shape, lying close to the head and the +lobes of them are fleshy and slightly coloured of a pinkish hue. The +chin is rather prominent, round and well shaped, like those of the +antique statues, but not fleshy. Those born under the influence of the +Sun have frequently weak sight, especially if their birth has taken +place during an eclipse. + +Those born under the influence of Mercury have long faces and delicate, +mobile features. Their skin is fine, soft and honey-coloured, but +changes in tint with every passing emotion, for those born under +Mercury are of a nervous, vividly intuitive and highly excitable +temperament. Their hair is of a reddish, not golden, brown (what is +called auburn), very fine and supple. Their foreheads are high and +prominent and their eyebrows, which are long and delicately traced, lie +very low over the eyes and are very mobile, moving up and down with +every emotion. The eyes of those born under this planet are somewhat +sunken, of a hazel or dark grey colour; they move quickly and have a +restless expression; the white of the eye is (like that of those born +under Saturn) of a yellowish tint and the lids of the eyes are thin and +do not droop at all over the eyes. Their noses are straight and long, +with delicate nostrils; the tip of the nose is round rather than +pointed and frequently has a small cleft or dimple, which is, however, +only faintly perceptible in certain lights, at the extreme tip. They +have delicate mouths which droop a little at the corners and the lips +are thin, mobile and often a little apart; the upper lip is thicker and +more projecting than the lower lip; the teeth are small and even. The +chin is long, pointed and a little projecting at the lip. The head is +oval in shape and full at the temples. + +Those born under the planet Mars have short, square-shaped, but small +heads, with high foreheads on which the hair grows far back, leaving +the forehead much exposed. Their faces are round, sometimes square at +the lower part and their skin is hard and dry and of a red colour, +especially about the ears, which are long-shaped, set straight rather +high on the head and slightly projecting from it. Their eyebrows are +short, sometimes stopping midway over the eyes, very bushy and lying +close to the eyes. Between the eyebrows are several short upright +wrinkles. The hair is of a red or sandy colour, coarse and very curly. +The beards of men born under Mars are thick, short and of the same +fiery colour as the hair. Their eyes are grey or red-brown and are +large, round, very wide open and have a fierce and fixed glance; the +white of the eye in those born under this fiery planet is often +bloodshot. Their mouths are large, but the upper lip is thin and +compressed; the lower lip is somewhat thicker than the upper lip. Their +noses are short and aquiline, with dilated nostrils. Their chins are +projecting and somewhat massive, for the jaw is strongly developed; the +cheeks are somewhat hollow, and the cheek-bones very marked. + +Those born under the influence of the Moon have round-shaped heads, +broad at the temples (showing ideality--the Moon gives imagination). +The forehead is full over the eyebrows, but retreats at the top; it is +broad and low. The complexion is pale, almost colourless and the skin +is soft. Their hair is fine, soft, of a colourless fairness, no golden +tint in it and it is never very thick. The faces of those born under +the dominant influence of the Moon are large and round; the nose is (in +proportion to the face) small and short and its tip is round rather +than pointed. Their eyes are of the same colour as the hair, very +lightly marked, but joining over the nose. Their mouths are small; but +their lips, which are of a pale colour, are full and pouting and are +rarely quite closed. Their teeth are large and often irregular. Their +chins are round, fleshy and retreating. Their ears are also round, +medium size, pale coloured, set in a very sloping direction and lying +close to the head. If born during an eclipse of the Moon, those born +under this influence are sometimes blind. + +People born under the influence of Venus have a great resemblance to +those born under Jupiter, only their beauty is more feminine. They have +the white and delicately-tinted skin of the Jupiterians, but it is +still softer, finer and more transparent. They have round faces, the +cheek-bones and the jaw-bones are not at all apparent; their cheeks are +softly rounded and generally ornamented with dimples; their foreheads +are a delicate oval, rather low and have delicate azure veins at the +temples. The eyebrows of persons born under the influence of this +beautiful planet are dark and beautifully marked in long sweeping but +very delicate lines, but not meeting over the nose. Their hair is long, +thick, soft, undulating and of a light brown colour. Their noses, which +are broad at the root between the eyes, are straight and delicate, not +at all pointed, but rather rounded at the tip;[20] the nostrils are +round, but dilated and very flexible. Their eyes are large, clear, +humid and somewhat projecting; the pupils are large in proportion to +the white of the eye, which is limpid and of a clear, transparent, +bluish white; their eyelids are well formed and blue veined. Their +mouths are small and of a beautiful red colour; the lips are full, +especially the lower one, the right side of which is slightly larger +than the left. This is a particular Signature of Venus, as is also a +small dimple near the corner of the mouth. The teeth are white, small, +evenly set in coral-tinted gums and the chin is soft and round and has, +like the chin of Jupiterians, a dimple in it. + + [20] The noses of those born under Venus are frequently + slightly upturned at the tip; they are never bent downwards + over the lips. + +Although the signs just described are those given by each planet, as it +rarely happens that anyone is born under the influence of one planet +only, but generally of two or more, it is rarely that we see a face +which gives the pure type of any one planet without admixture. It is +for the physiognomist to examine and ascertain which is the dominant +planet. + +The union of Saturn and Jupiter gives a pale skin without freshness, +chestnut hair and eyes and a rather dark skin, the face a round oval +and dark grey eyes. + +The union of Venus with the Sun gives brilliant beauty, a beautiful +complexion, hair of a golden brown or rich chestnut, full, bright brown +eyes with long eyelashes, a delicately-formed nose and a beautiful +mouth. People born under this junction have much charm of manner, but +they are not very constant; for, although they have much tenderness, +they are of the ardent artistic nature, which, from its very +susceptibility, cannot be expected to be as constant as those who are +less impressionable; they are people of quick rather than deep +feelings; they love readily, but as readily forget. + +"Women born under the double influence of Venus and the Sun," says an +old Italian writer on the subject, are "loving, lovely and beloved." + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIII. + +CONCERNING THE MOLES ON THE FACE AND THEIR REFERENCE TO THOSE ON THE +BODY + + +All moles are the result of the influences of the planets, or of the +sign of the zodiac rising at birth. The moles which are given by Saturn +are black; those by Jupiter are of a purple-brown colour; those by the +Sun, yellow; by Venus, light brown; Mercury, honey-coloured; by the +Moon, of a bluish white. + +A mole on the right side of the forehead, just beneath or on the line +of Saturn (see plate) indicates another on the right side of the +breast. This mole shows to a man, if yellow, that he will have good +fortune in sowing, tilling the earth, or building; if red, he will have +luck all through his life, by his courage and force of character; if +black, his condition will be changeable; if the mole is purple, he will +be advanced to be the head of his family. In a woman a mole in this +position shows fortune by inheritance or legacies; but if black in +colour she will not live long. + +A mole on the left side of the forehead on the Line of Saturn indicates +another on the left side of the back and shows to a man imprisonment +and disaster; if honey-coloured, his trouble comes from women; if red, +from quarrels with enemies; if black, he will be unfortunate all his +life. To a woman it foretells that she will live out of her own country +and if black she will be a widow. + +A mole in the middle of the forehead on the Line of Saturn shows +another in the middle of the stomach and foretells to a man, if it +should be black, that he will suffer much ill-fortune for the sake of +women; if red, he will get some pleasure out of his troubles with them; +and if yellow, he will rejoice through women; if of a pale bluish +colour and raised, he will be much beloved of women. To a woman, of +whatever colour it may appear, it indicates that she is of a very +luxurious nature and will suffer from her own folly as regards men. + +A mole on the right side of the forehead on the Line of Jupiter shows +another on the right side over the liver and indicates, to a man, good +fortune in marriage, long life and large possessions; but if black, he +will not be quite so lucky as regards marriage. To a woman it shows, +whatever its colour, good fortune in all that concerns her. + +A mole on the left side of the forehead on the Line of Jupiter shows +another on the left side of the stomach and indicates, to a man, love +of material enjoyments, especially if it be of a purple colour; if +honey-coloured, he is not so sensual. To a woman such a mole shows her +to be imprudent and quite regardless of her own honour. + +A mole in the middle of the Line of Jupiter shows another in the middle +of the breast and indicates that a man is of a harsh nature; if red, he +is furious in temper; if black, he is singularly unfortunate in all his +undertakings; but if raised and of a bluish colour, he is less unlucky. +To a woman it indicates that she is foolish, prattling and idle. + +A mole on the right side of the Line of Mars shows another on the right +arm and indicates, if red, military distinction; if honey-coloured, +good fortune with horses and other cattle; if black, danger from +four-footed beasts; if much raised and somewhat red, it shows good +fortune in all things relating to fire. To a woman this mole shows a +rich husband, full of kindness and complacency. + +A mole on the left side of the Line of Mars indicates another on the +left arm, and shows a man to be of a quarrelsome nature; if black, he +is treacherous and loses much by four-footed beasts and by +horse-racing; if purple or yellow, he is involved in quarrels about +women. Such a mole, whatever its colour, shows a woman to be very +unfortunate in her love affairs, and likely to be betrayed by her +female friends. + +A mole in the middle of the Line of Mars indicates another on the left +side of the belly; if red, the man is likely to be guilty of +manslaughter and if any other colour he is sensual. To a woman this +mole shows vanity and, if black, she is likely to be the cause of the +death of some friend, but more by mischance than by design. + +A mole on the right side of the forehead on the Line of the Sun +indicates another on the right breast and intimates, to a man, of +whatever colour but black, riches and honours; if black, his good +fortune will not be so great and will come, not from his own merits, +but from the exertions of friends. To a woman it shows an affluence of +the goods of fortune; but if black she will have to be very subservient +to her husband. + +A mole near the right ear shows another on the right side of the belly, +not low down and signifies, to a man, a blow on the head, some accident +to that ear, whereby he may lose his hearing; if black, these evils are +the more to be apprehended. To a woman it shows the loss of those +things she most values. + +A mole on the left ear shows another on the left side, low down on the +belly. This mole indicates to a man persecution from enemies. If it be +of a red colour, that he will go near to committing murder by reason of +women; if black, or even honey-coloured, it is still of evil indication +and shows quarrels and violent death. To a woman, let it be of +whatsoever colour, it shows that she will be the cause of death to +someone; let her, therefore, shun to meddle with poison. + +A mole on the right cheek shows another on the right hip and indicates, +to a man, that he will have great charm of manner towards women, and be +much beloved by them; this, whatever its colour. To a woman also it +shows happy marriage and that she will be vehemently beloved. + +A mole on the left cheek shows another on the left hip and indicates, +to a man, a wandering existence and short life; if black, he dies by +violence. To a woman it threatens sharp and hard fortune, especially in +love matters. + +A mole on the right side or corner of the mouth shows another at the +right side of the lower part of the spine and shows, to a man, that he +shall much increase his wealth by reason of his own sagacity; but if +honey-coloured, his good fortune will come by women. To a woman such a +mole shows she will abound in wealth and be vehemently beloved; if +black in colour, with all these advantages, she will yet suffer from +the scandal of envious women friends. + +A mole on the left side of the mouth indicates another on the left side +of the base of the spine and shows, to a man, that he will be entangled +with a woman he cannot marry, and have illegitimate children. To a +woman it shows a likelihood of the same disgrace. + +A mole in the middle of the upper lip shows another on the lowest part +of the body and indicates, to a man, that he will be miserable from +various perils, but above all from women. To a woman this mole shows +sickness and weakness from internal diseases. + +A mole beneath the middle of the under lip shows another on the knee +and indicates, to a man, that he will undertake long and perilous +journeys, by reason of which he shall see many strange countries; if +honey-coloured, he will gain wealth from strangers and marry a rich, +foreign wife. Such a mole shows a woman to be thoughtless and likely to +marry a foreigner and live much out of her own country. + +A mole upon the middle of the chin shows another upon the right foot +and indicates, to a man, that he shall have good fortune through women. +To a woman happy marriage, but worry for her children. + +A mole on the right side of the chin shows another on the right haunch +and indicates, to the man, that he will be of great intellectual +capacity; if black, he will be a searcher in occult matters. In a woman +it shows good fortune, happy marriage and long life, whatsoever may be +its colour. + +A mole on the left side of the chin shows another on the left haunch +and indicates, to a man, inconstant fortune, much worry of mind and +bodily discomfort. In a woman it shows ill-health and, if of a pale +bluish colour, danger by water. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXIV. + +CONCERNING THE MOLES WHICH HAVE NO CORRESPONDING MOLES ON THE FACE + + +A mole on the right side of the throat shows to a man great wit but +short life, whatever may be its colour. To a woman it indicates a +reasonably happy life, but danger and pain from childbirth. + +A mole on the left side of the throat threatens a man with dangerous +falls from horses or from high places. To a woman the same and, should +the mole be of a pale colour, danger by water. + +A mole at the nape of the neck indicates to either man or woman great +danger of untimely death by water. + +A mole in the midst of the throat--that is, on the gullet--shows to a +man much danger of death by strangulation or hanging. To a woman peril +in sickness and, if the mole should be black in colour, she dies. + +A mole immediately under the right breast shows to a man that he will +be lucky in agriculture. To a woman that she shall receive inheritance +from the dead; if black, her father is killed by accident. + +A mole under the left breast shows a man to be of a malignant nature +and furious of temper, but strong in love. To a woman it indicates +great constancy and suffering by reason of that constancy. + +A mole on the knee, whether left or right, predicts, to either man or +woman, long and various journeys. Such persons will marry entirely for +their own fancy, probably foreigners, and will be very fortunate in +their marriages. + +A mole on the calf of the right leg shows to a man that by his own +ingenuity and learning he shall attain a high position; if black, he +will receive some sorrow from women; but if the mole should appear +_raised_ he marries a lovely person--has only one wife and lives +happily. To a woman it shows a fortunate, good and rich husband and +that she will have many children and live long. + +A mole on the lowest part of the body shows to a man that he is of a +very luxurious nature and that he shall be enriched by marriage. A +woman having this mole is rather sensuous, but--on the whole--faithful +to her husband. + +A mole on the right shoulder shows a man to be fortunate in his +undertakings; if red, he has a large fortune with his wife. To a woman +it indicates a marriage above her expectations; but if black, she +buries her first husband and marries again. + +A mole on the right foot shows to a man that he will be clever in +acquiring foreign languages and that he will be a great student of +occult matters. To a woman it promises a fortunate and happy, long +life; if black, this good fortune is somewhat chequered with troubles. + +A mole on the left foot denotes a man to be rash and of an evil and +vagabond disposition. To a woman it shows much care and trouble and, if +black, danger in travelling. + +If the second toe in a foot should stretch out much beyond the great +toe, it shows, to either man or woman, riches and a happy and +prosperous life. + +A mole on the left shoulder predicts to a man much worry in money +matters. To a woman it shows a life of continual anxiety and +humiliation by reason of her own vanity. If black in colour, she +suffers some serious disgrace from her own conduct. + +A mole on the lower part of the neck on the right side near the +shoulder shows a man to be very covetous. To a woman it indicates that +she will be beloved of princes or great personages far above her in +rank. + +A mole on the neck near the left shoulder indicates to either man or +woman disgrace from evil practices. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXV. + +CONCERNING THE MARKS GIVEN AT BIRTH BY THE SIGNS OF THE ZODIAC + + +By a knowledge of the signature given by the signs of the zodiac, when +rising at birth, we may sometimes ascertain the hour of nativity, or, +at any rate, go near enough to it to be able to work out the horoscope +after a fashion, supposing the exact date to be impossible of +attainment. + +A person born when the first part of the sign Aries is rising will have +a small raised mole amongst the hairs of the head; if the second part +of the sign happened to be rising at the birth, the mark or mole would +be raised in the form of a pea or wart and would be seen on the +forehead; if the third part of the sign arose at birth, the mark would +appear below the mouth, or towards the chin. Those persons having these +marks of Aries on any of the parts described will generally be found to +have the mark of Mars in the lowest part of the body, also in the form +of a raised mole or wart. + +When Taurus is rising at a birth, the native bears a mark in the front +of the throat, sometimes in the form of a raspberry or red-coloured +mole, which mark is always ill in its effects. Should the second part +of the sign Taurus have been rising at the nativity, the person will +have the mark at the side of the throat. If the third, the same mark +will appear on the nape of the neck, but then it will be more raised +than the two former moles. + +Those born under Gemini have their marks in the arms. If the first part +of the sign arose at birth, they bear its mark on the right arm, near +the shoulder; if the second, on the same part of the left arm and if +the third part of the sign arises at birth, the native bears the mark +on the right arm, but below the elbow and generally near the wrist. + +When the sign Cancer is in the ascendant, the mark is on the upper part +of the right breast in the form of a flower or a hare's foot, of a +whitish colour, and commonly having a hair or two springing from it. In +the older days this mark was supposed to be an evidence of witchcraft +in a woman and many poor creatures have lost their lives for this. +Those born under the second part of the sign Cancer have the mark lower +down on the breast and when the third part of Cancer is rising at a +birth, the sign is nearly under the breast. + +When Leo is in the ascendant at birth, the sign is on the left breast +and, in the same manner, if the sign appears high up on the breast it +indicates that the first part of the sign was ascending; if near the +middle, the second; and if on one side, towards the left armpit, the +third part of the sign must have been ascending at birth. + +In nativities under Virgo the mark is on the upper part of the stomach, +that is, between the two breasts, when the first part of the sign +ascends; those born when the second part is rising have the mark near +the navel; and those when the third part is rising quite low down on +the stomach. Those that are thus marked are very inconstant. The moles +given by Virgo are flat, and of a reddish colour. + +When Libra is in the ascendant, the marks are raised like warts, and +are small, soft, and hairy; when the first part of the sign is rising +the mark is near the loins; when the second, towards the centre of the +stomach and the third part of the sign throws the mark to quite the +lower part of the body. + +Those born under Sagittarius have the mark of the sign in the thighs +and these moles are raised like bulbs and are very big. When the first +part of the sign is rising, the mark is on the right thigh; when the +second part is rising, on the left thigh and those who have the third +part of Sagittarius rising at their birth are so marked on the right +haunch. + +Those born under Capricornus have the marks on the knees, which marks +are quite flat. When the first part is rising, the mark is on the right +knee; when the second, on the left, and when the third, the mole is +under the knee. + +It will be remembered that the sign Aquarius governs the legs; +therefore those who are born with this sign ascending have the mark of +it (which is a long-shaped mole) on the right leg (this mark shows +extreme inconstancy); when the sign Scorpio is rising at birth there is +a dark mole on the belly showing ill fortune. + +The sign Pisces, or the Fishes, governs the feet; therefore those who +have this sign in their ascendant are marked on the feet. Those born +under the first part have the marks (which are ordinary flat moles) on +the right foot; those under the second, on the left; and those on the +third, on the soles of the feet or on the heels. These last are called +the Royal marks; they are large moles inclining to red, and those who +are marked in those places are assured of honours and dignities. + + [Illustration: ALFRIDARY FOR A DIURNAL NATIVITY. + ALFRIDARY FOR A NOCTURNAL NATIVITY. + + _To face Chapter XXXVI._] + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVI. + +CONCERNING ALFRIDARIES + + +This word is taken from the Greek and refers to the certain time or +number of years of the several planets which, in those years, dispense +their benevolence or malignity according to their natures. + +It will be observed from the plate at the beginning of this chapter, +that each of the planets has his Alfridary, one after the other--and in +this table will be seen the number of years in which each planet more +particularly governs the life. + +In all diurnal nativities the Sun begins the first Alfridary, and has +seven years of government; Venus succeeds, having seven years of +Alfridary; then Mercury, who has seven years of government. After him +the Moon rules the existence for seven years; then Saturn for the same +number; Jupiter succeeds him for seven years; afterwards Mars dominates +the existence for seven years; after which the Dragon's Head and +Dragon's Tail influence the life for three years; and then the Sun has +five more years of government, when the life probably ends. + +Those that are born in the night have their first Alfridaric years from +the Moon, which are seven, followed by those of Saturn, who has seven +years; after him Mars is dominant for seven years; then the Sun for the +same number of years; succeeded by Venus and Mercury, each only seven +years. + +The years of an Alfridary are eighty-two--namely, the Moon, seven; +Saturn, seven; Jupiter, seven; Mars, seven; the Sun, seven; Venus, +seven; Mercury, seven; the Dragon's Head, three; the Dragon's Tail, +two. These two last have their Alfridaric years separate from the +others, and they are those which exceed the seventy years of life, +which are weak and feeble. For these signs are not (as we have seen) +planets, but only symbols of a place in the zodiac representing the +Moon's north and south nodes. + +It will be noticed in these tables that, after the years of +seventy-five, the Sun in a diurnal nativity, and the Moon in a +nocturnal nativity, take up again their government, as at the beginning +of the life. These tables are interesting, as shadowing forth the dates +of the events of the subject's life. + +Those born under the Sun marry early, whilst those in whose nativity +the Moon is powerful, generally marry rather late than early. In either +nativity, when Saturn comes up, sorrows by death, sickness and loss of +money may be expected; whilst, when Mars is powerful, evils of a strong +and sudden nature appear, such as accidents, sudden deaths, quarrels +and contentions of a vexatious character. + +Those born under the Moon have very often serious and passionate loves +quite late in life; this is accounted for in some measure by the fact +that Venus has seven years of government in a nocturnal nativity from +the age of fifty to fifty-seven. The age of forty-four, in a diurnal +nativity, would be likely to bring about some misfortune during that +year of the native's life, _both the infortunes_, Saturn and Mars, +being then powerful. The same thing occurs in a nocturnal nativity at +the age of thirteen, from which age up to twenty there is not much good +fortune; it will be remembered that the latter part of the life of a +person born at night is generally much happier and altogether more +fortunate than the earlier years of existence. + + + + +CHAPTER XXXVII. + +CONCERNING THE MYSTICAL WHEEL OF PYTHAGORAS AND THE METHODS OF WORKING +IT + + +This mystical figure is copied from a work in old French on Chiromancy +and Geomancy, compiled by the Sieur de Peruchio, and published at Paris +in 1657. + +Arithmancy, or divination by numbers, on which the working of this +figure depends, was much practised in various ways during the Middle +Ages; and much confidence appears to have been placed in this wheel of +Pythagoras, which resolves questions by a species of sortilegy by +numbers, in which the result depends upon the unfettered agency of the +mind and will, or the serious intent to know any difficult thing. The +wheel is said by the old-world writers to be able "to resolve all +questions on all matters upon the result of which the querent desires +information, whether of the past, present, or future." + +Concerning the method of working it, the Sieur de Peruchio gives the +following explanations:-- + +The wheel, it will be perceived, is divided into four equal parts, the +upper part of which contains the numbers which are _fortunate_, and the +lower half those which are _unfortunate_. Around the wheel are seen the +letters of the Alphabet, above which are placed certain corresponding +numbers, which are required in the calculations. + +The following table gives the numbers to be chosen by chance (as will +be explained further on) in working the questions:-- + + -------------------------- + ¦ 1 ¦ 11 ¦ 22 ¦ 28 ¦ 29 ¦ + |----|----|----|----|----| + ¦ 6 ¦ 2 ¦ 12 ¦ 23 ¦ 30 ¦ + |----|----|----|----|----| + ¦ 15 ¦ 7 ¦ 3 ¦ 13 ¦ 24 ¦ + |----|----|----|----|----| + ¦ 19 ¦ 16 ¦ 8 ¦ 4 ¦ 14 ¦ + |----|----|----|----|----| + ¦ 25 ¦ 20 ¦ 17 ¦ 9 ¦ 5 ¦ + |----|----|----|----|----| + ¦ 27 ¦ 26 ¦ 21 ¦ 18 ¦ 10 ¦ + -------------------------- + +The inquirer, whilst thinking _earnestly_ upon the matter he wishes +resolved by the wheel, must choose a number out of the above Table. + +This is better done with the eyes closed, and the number pricked out +with a pin, so that there may be no premeditation in the choice. To +this number, thus chosen, the inquirer must add the number answering to +the first letter of his first name, which number is seen in the wheel +itself where the numbers are above the letters of the alphabet. To this +number must be added the number of the day of the week on which the +question is asked and of the planet ruling that day. Then add all these +numbers together and divide the sum by 30 as often as it can be done. +Then look for that number which is the remainder in the inner circle of +the wheel; observing in what part of the wheel it falls should there +happen to be _no_ remainder, then the number 30 must be looked for. If +the question to be propounded should be whether anything about to be +undertaken will succeed or not, should the number fall in the _upper_ +part of the wheel the matter will have a happy issue; but if, on the +contrary, the number appears on the _lower_ part of the wheel the thing +in question will not be a success. In any question where time is +concerned as, for instance, as regarding how long or how short shall be +the matter in hand it must be borne in mind that the numbers in the +right half of the wheel represent _long time_--that is, that the event +about which the question is asked will be some time before it comes to +pass; whilst those in the left half of the wheel signify _short_ +time--and so, whether for good or evil, shall the business quickly or +slowly come to pass. + +All questions are thus to be asked but _one_, and that is, whether +a sick person shall recover or die; in which case, after proceeding to +add the numbers of the Christian name, the day of the week and the +planet, the number representing the Moon's age on the day the question +is asked must also be added; for example, if a person whose name is +Veronica--asks on a Wednesday, 20th day of the Moon, if a sick friend +should live or die, and chooses from the Table the number of 23, the +matter would be worked thus:-- + + Number chosen 23 + Number answering to the letter V 9 + Number answering to Wednesday 102 + Number answering to the planet Mercury 114 + Number of the age of the Moon 20 + --- + 268 + +This, divided by 30, leaves 28 remainder, which will be found to fall +in the unfortunate part of the wheel, showing that her friend will +_not_ recover. + +The following table of the mystical numbers representing the planets, +and also those belonging to the days of the week which each planet +governs, is of much importance in working the wheel:-- + + PLANETS. ¦ DAYS OF THE WEEK. + ¦ + [Saturn] 55 ¦ Saturday 45 + ¦ + [Jupiter] 78 ¦ Thursday 31 + ¦ + [Mars] 39 ¦ Tuesday 52 + ¦ + [Sun] 34 ¦ Sunday 106 + ¦ + [Venus] 45 ¦ Friday 68 + ¦ + [Mercury] 114 ¦ Wednesday 102 + ¦ + [Moon] 45 ¦ Monday 52 + +These several numbers attributed to the days of the week, as well as +those of the planet ruling the day, are of very ancient origin and are, +probably, as well as the wheel itself, a relic of former _traditional_ +foreknowledge by lots and numbers. + +There are certain days, however, which are evil days, on which no +question should be asked of the wheel of Pythagoras. These days are as +follows:-- + + Of January, the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th and 11th. + Of February, the 7th, 13th, 17th and 19th. + Of March, the 13th, 15th and 16th. + Of April, the 5th and 14th. + Of May, the 8th and 14th. + June has but one ill day, which is the 6th. + July has two, the 16th and the 19th. + August has also only two, the 8th and 16th. + September has three, the 1st, 15th and 16th. + October has only one ill day, which is the 16th. + November has two, the 15th and 16th. + December has three, the 6th, 7th and 11th. + +This is a very old tradition, and in mediæval ages these days were +universally shunned as "ruled by evil influences." In conclusion, those +consulting the wheel of Pythagoras are advised not to ask more than one +question on the same day and to refrain from all gibing, sporting, or +jesting, and--above all--from all unbelief whilst making use of this +mystical wheel in order to know the truth. + + +ENVOY. + +Go--little book--and teach the present age something of the wisdom +bequeathed us by the Past. + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's The Influence of the Stars, by Rosa Baughan + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 42889 *** |