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diff --git a/43548-h/43548-h.htm b/43548-h/43548-h.htm index be03571..14134e5 100644 --- a/43548-h/43548-h.htm +++ b/43548-h/43548-h.htm @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Illustrated Key To the Tarot - The Veil of Divination, by L. W. de Laurence. @@ -191,45 +191,7 @@ text-transform:lowercase; </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -Project Gutenberg's The Illustrated Key to the Tarot, by L. W. de Laurence - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Illustrated Key to the Tarot - The Veil of Divination - -Author: L. W. de Laurence - -Release Date: August 24, 2013 [EBook #43548] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE TAROT *** - - - - -Produced by Chris Curnow, Nicole Henn-Kneif and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This -file was produced from images generously made available -by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43548 ***</div> <div class="center"> <img src="images/i_002.jpg" alt="ornament1" width="600" height="99" /> <h1>The Illustrated Key <br /> @@ -311,7 +273,7 @@ devices also are the <i>Adepts</i> and <i>Great Masters</i> in the secret orders distinguished from the cohort of Neophytes as <i>servi servorum mysterii</i>. So also, or in a way which is not entirely unlike, we meet with the Tarot cards at the outermost gates—amidst the -fritterings and débris of the so called <i>occult</i> arts, about which no +fritterings and débris of the so called <i>occult</i> arts, about which no one in their senses has suffered the smallest deception; and yet these cards belong in themselves to another region, for they contain a very high symbolism, which is interpreted according to the @@ -378,30 +340,30 @@ cumbrous and involved systems of the larger hand-books.</p> and intention of the work.</td><td class="tdr">3</td></tr> <tr><th>PART I</th></tr> <tr><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PART_I">The Veil And Its Symbols</a></span><br /> - <a href="#I1">§ 1.—Introductory And General.</a><br /> - <a href="#I2">§ 2.—Class I. The Trumps Major, Otherwise Greater Arcana.</a><br /> - <a href="#I3">§ 3.—Class II. The Four Suits, Otherwise Lesser Arcana.</a> <br /> - <a href="#I4">§ 4.—The Tarot In History.</a></td><td class="tdr">7</td></tr> + <a href="#I1">§ 1.—Introductory And General.</a><br /> + <a href="#I2">§ 2.—Class I. The Trumps Major, Otherwise Greater Arcana.</a><br /> + <a href="#I3">§ 3.—Class II. The Four Suits, Otherwise Lesser Arcana.</a> <br /> + <a href="#I4">§ 4.—The Tarot In History.</a></td><td class="tdr">7</td></tr> <tr><th>PART II</th></tr> <tr><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PART_II">The Doctrine Behind The Veil</a></span><br /> - <a href="#II1">§ 1.—The Tarot And Secret Tradition.</a><br /> - <a href="#II2">§ 2.—The Trumps Major And Their Inner Symbolism.</a><br /> - <a href="#II3">§ 3.—Conclusion As To The Greater Keys.</a></td><td class="tdr">33</td></tr> + <a href="#II1">§ 1.—The Tarot And Secret Tradition.</a><br /> + <a href="#II2">§ 2.—The Trumps Major And Their Inner Symbolism.</a><br /> + <a href="#II3">§ 3.—Conclusion As To The Greater Keys.</a></td><td class="tdr">33</td></tr> <tr><th>PART III</th></tr> <tr><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#PART_III">The Outer Method Of The Oracles</a></span><br /> - <a href="#III1">§ 1.—Distinction Between The Greater And Lesser Arcana.</a><br /> - <a href="#III2">§ 2.—The Lesser Arcana, Otherwise, The Four Suits Of Tarot Cards.</a><br /> + <a href="#III1">§ 1.—Distinction Between The Greater And Lesser Arcana.</a><br /> + <a href="#III2">§ 2.—The Lesser Arcana, Otherwise, The Four Suits Of Tarot Cards.</a><br /> <span class="ml4"><a href="#III2wands">The Suit Of Wands.</a></span><br /> <span class="ml4"><a href="#III2cups">The Suit Of Cups.</a></span><br /> <span class="ml4"><a href="#III2swords">The Suit Of Swords.</a></span><br /> <span class="ml4"><a href="#III2pent">The Suit Of Pentacles.</a></span><br /> - <a href="#III3">§ 3.—The Greater Arcana And Their Divinatory Meanings.</a><br /> - <a href="#III4">§ 4.—Some Additional Meanings Of The Lesser Arcana.</a><br /> - <a href="#III5">§ 5.—The Recurrence Of Cards In Dealing.</a><br /> - <a href="#III6">§ 6.—The Art Of Tarot Divination.</a><br /> - <a href="#III7">§ 7.—An Ancient Celtic Method Of Divination.</a><br /> - <a href="#III8">§ 8.—An Alternative Method Of Reading The Tarot Cards.</a><br /> - <a href="#III9">§ 9.—The Method Of Reading By Means Of Thirty-five Cards.</a></td><td class="tdr">85</td></tr> + <a href="#III3">§ 3.—The Greater Arcana And Their Divinatory Meanings.</a><br /> + <a href="#III4">§ 4.—Some Additional Meanings Of The Lesser Arcana.</a><br /> + <a href="#III5">§ 5.—The Recurrence Of Cards In Dealing.</a><br /> + <a href="#III6">§ 6.—The Art Of Tarot Divination.</a><br /> + <a href="#III7">§ 7.—An Ancient Celtic Method Of Divination.</a><br /> + <a href="#III8">§ 8.—An Alternative Method Of Reading The Tarot Cards.</a><br /> + <a href="#III9">§ 9.—The Method Of Reading By Means Of Thirty-five Cards.</a></td><td class="tdr">85</td></tr> <tr><th>BIBLIOGRAPHY</th></tr> <tr><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap"><a href="#BIBLIOGRAPHY">A Concise Bibliography Of The Chief Works Dealing with The Tarot And Its Connections</a></span></td><td class="tdrb">164</td></tr> @@ -511,7 +473,7 @@ missed, for it has not so far occurred to any one that the Tarot might perhaps have done duty and even originated as a secret symbolical language of the Albigensian sects. I commend this suggestion to the lineal <a name="decendants" id="decendants"></a>descendants in the spirit of Gabriele Rossetti -and Eugène Aroux, to Mr. Harold Bayley as another <i>New +and Eugène Aroux, to Mr. Harold Bayley as another <i>New Light On The Renaissance</i>, and as a taper at least in the darkness which, with great respect, might be serviceable to the zealous and all-searching mind of Mrs. Cooper-Oakley. Think only what the @@ -529,7 +491,7 @@ numerous and persuasive that they almost deceive in their expression one of the elect who has invented them. But there is more even than this, though I scarcely dare to cite it. When the time came for the Tarot cards to be the subject of their first formal -explanation, the archæologist Court de Gebelin reproduced some +explanation, the archæologist Court de Gebelin reproduced some of their most important emblems, and—if I may so term it—the codex which he used has served—by means of his engraved plates—as a basis of reference for many sets that have been issued subsequently. @@ -554,7 +516,7 @@ cards of fortune, cards of all vagrant arts, were perhaps current at the period in the South of France, I think that his enchanting but all too fantastic hypothesis might have dilated still more largely in the atmosphere of his dream. We should no doubt -have had a vision of Christian Gnosticism, Manichæanism, and all +have had a vision of Christian Gnosticism, Manichæanism, and all that he understands by pure primitive Gospel, shining behind the pictures.</p> @@ -583,7 +545,7 @@ secret science of symbolism. I should add that many independent students of the subject, following their own lights, have produced individual sequences of meaning in respect of the Trumps Major, and their lights are sometimes suggestive, but -they are not the true lights. For example, Eliphas Lévi says that +they are not the true lights. For example, Eliphas Lévi says that the Magus signifies that unity which is the mother of numbers; others say that it is the Divine Unity; and one of the latest French commentators considers that in its general sense it is @@ -629,7 +591,7 @@ did not represent the Roman Pontiff.</p> <p>6. <i>The Lovers or Marriage.</i> This symbol has undergone many variations, as might be expected from its subject. In the eighteenth century form, by which it first became known to the -world of archæological research, it is really a card of married +world of archæological research, it is really a card of married life, showing father and mother, with their child placed between them; and the pagan Cupid above, in the act of flying his shaft, is, of course, a misapplied emblem. The Cupid is of love beginning @@ -682,7 +644,7 @@ miss all the high things to which the Greater Arcana should be allocated. It is as if a man who knows in his heart that all roads lead to the heights, and that God (Nature) is at the great height of all, should choose the way of perdition or the way of folly as -the path of his own attainment. Eliphas Lévi has allocated this +the path of his own attainment. Eliphas Lévi has allocated this card to Prudence, but in so doing he has been actuated by the wish to fill a gap which would otherwise occur in the symbolism. The four cardinal virtues are necessary to an idealogical sequence @@ -765,7 +727,7 @@ of the consideration; the Rite of Closing the Lodge in the Third Craft Grade of Masonry may belong to the late eighteenth century, but the fact signifies nothing; it is still the summary of all the instituted and official Mysteries. The female figure of the -eleventh card is said to be Astræa, who personified the same +eleventh card is said to be Astræa, who personified the same virtue and is represented by the same symbols. This goddess notwithstanding, and notwithstanding the vulgarian Cupid, the Tarot is not of Roman mythology, or of Greek either. Its presentation @@ -783,10 +745,10 @@ and its Fortitude, but—owing to a curious omission—it does not offer us any type of Prudence, though it may be admitted that, in some respects, the isolation of the Hermit, pursuing a solitary path by the light of his own lamp, gives, to those who can receive -it, a certain high counsel in respect of the <i>via prudentiæ</i>.</p> +it, a certain high counsel in respect of the <i>via prudentiæ</i>.</p> <p>12. <i>The Hanged Man.</i> This is the symbol which is supposed -to represent Prudence, and Eliphas Lévi says, in his most shallow +to represent Prudence, and Eliphas Lévi says, in his most shallow and plausible manner, that it is the adept bound by his engagements. The figure of a man is suspended head-downwards from a gibbet, to which he is attached by a rope about one of his ankles. @@ -836,7 +798,7 @@ at random. There is no better ground for the alternative suggestion that they are eagle's claws. Attached, by a cord depending from their collars, to the pedestal on which the figure is mounted, are two small demons, presumably male and female. These are -tailed but not winged. Since 1856 the influence of Eliphas Lévi +tailed but not winged. Since 1856 the influence of Eliphas Lévi and his doctrine of occultism has changed the face of this card, and it now appears as a pseudo-Baphometic figure with the head of a goat and a great torch between the horns; it is seated instead @@ -888,7 +850,7 @@ he identified the lunar dew with the tears of <i>Isis</i>. Beneath the dog-star there is a wall suggesting an enclosure—as it might be, a walled garden—wherein are two children, either naked or lightly clothed, facing a water, and gambolling, or running hand -in hand. Eliphas Lévi says that these are sometimes replaced by +in hand. Eliphas Lévi says that these are sometimes replaced by a spinner unwinding destinies, and otherwise by a much better symbol—a naked child mounted on a white horse and displaying a scarlet standard.</p> @@ -947,7 +909,7 @@ the sensitive life, of joy attained in the body, of the soul's intoxication in the earthly paradise, but still guarded by the Divine Watchers, as if by the powers and the graces of the Holy Name, Tetragammaton,—those four ineffable letters which are -sometimes attributed to the mystical beasts. Eliphas Lévi calls +sometimes attributed to the mystical beasts. Eliphas Lévi calls the garland a crown, and reports that the figure represents Truth. Dr. Papus connects it with the Absolute and the realization of the Great Work; for yet others it is a symbol of humanity and the @@ -955,7 +917,7 @@ eternal reward of a life that has been spent well. It should be noted that in the four quarters of the garland there are four flowers distinctively marked. According to P. Christian, the garland should be formed of roses, and this is the kind of chain -which Eliphas Lévi says is less easily broken than a chain of +which Eliphas Lévi says is less easily broken than a chain of iron. Perhaps by antithesis, but for the same reason, the iron crown of Peter may lie more lightly on the heads of sovereign pontiffs than the crown of gold on kings.</p> @@ -970,7 +932,7 @@ pontiffs than the crown of gold on kings.</p> <p class="p2">The resources of interpretation have been lavished, if not exhausted, on the twenty-two Trumps Major, the symbolism of which is unquestionable. There remain the four suits, being -Wands or Scepters—<i>ex hypothesi</i>, in the archæology of the subject, +Wands or Scepters—<i>ex hypothesi</i>, in the archæology of the subject, the antecedents of Diamonds in modern cards: Cups, corresponding to Hearts; Swords, which answer to Clubs, as the weapon of chivalry is in relation to the peasant's quarter-staff @@ -1013,7 +975,7 @@ part of our concern. <i>The Tarot Of The Bohemians</i>, by Papus, which I have recently carried through the press, revising the imperfect rendering, has some useful information in this connection, and, except for the omission of dates and other evidences -of the archæological sense, it will serve the purpose of the general +of the archæological sense, it will serve the purpose of the general reader. I do not propose to extend it in the present place in any manner that can be called considerable, but certain additions are desirable and so also is a distinct mode of presentation.</p> @@ -1087,7 +1049,7 @@ an occultist and kabalist by one indifferent English writer—designed and illuminated some kind of cards for the diversion of Charles VI of France when he was in mental ill-health, and the question arises whether anything can be ascertained of their -nature. The only available answer is that at Paris, in the Bibliothèque +nature. The only available answer is that at Paris, in the Bibliothèque du Roi, there are seventeen cards drawn and illuminated on paper. They are very beautiful, antique and priceless; the figures have a background of gold, and are framed in a silver @@ -1098,7 +1060,7 @@ number.</p> the list of which is as follows: Fool, Emperor, Pope, Lovers, Wheel of Fortune, Temperance, Fortitude, Justice, Moon, Sun, Chariot, Hermit, Hanged Man, Death, Tower and Last Judgment. -There are also four Tarot Cards at the Musée Carrer, +There are also four Tarot Cards at the Musée Carrer, Venice, and five others elsewhere, making nine in all. They include two pages or Knaves, three Kings and two Queens, thus illustrating the Minor Arcana. These collections have all been @@ -1126,7 +1088,7 @@ reflected from the Baldini emblematic set. In the court cards of the Minor Arcana, the Knights were monsters of the centaur type, while the Knaves were sometimes warriors and sometimes serving-men. Another distinction dwelt upon is the prevalence -of Christian mediæval ideas and the utter absence of any Oriental +of Christian mediæval ideas and the utter absence of any Oriental suggestion. The question, however, remains whether there are Eastern traces in any Tarot cards.</p> @@ -1179,7 +1141,7 @@ historical aspects of Tarot cards, and I will now take up the speculative side of the subject and produce its test of value. In my preface to <i>The Tarot Of The Bohemians</i> I have mentioned that the first writer who made known the fact of the cards was -the archæologist Court de Gebelin, who, just prior to the French +the archæologist Court de Gebelin, who, just prior to the French Revolution, occupied several years in the publication of his <i>Monde Primitif</i>, which extended to nine quarto volumes. He was a learned man of his epoch, a high-grade Mason, a member @@ -1210,7 +1172,7 @@ the end of the eighteenth century, the origin of the cards was lost. So dreamed one of the characteristic <i>literati</i> of France, and one can almost understand and sympathize, for the country about the Delta and the Nile was beginning to loom largely in the preoccupation -of learned thought, and <i>omne ignotum pro Ægyptiaco</i> was +of learned thought, and <i>omne ignotum pro Ægyptiaco</i> was the way the delusion to which many minds tended. It was excusable enough then, but that the madness was continued and, within the charmed circle of the occult sciences, still passes from @@ -1314,7 +1276,7 @@ Levant, some three leagues from Memphis. It contained the science of the universe, and the cartomancist proceeded to apply it to Astrology, Alchemy, and fortune-telling, without the slightest diffidence or reserve as to the fact that he was driving a trade. -I have really little doubt that he considered it genuine as a <i>métier</i>, +I have really little doubt that he considered it genuine as a <i>métier</i>, and that he himself was the first person whom he convinced concerning his system. But the point which we have to notice is that in this manner was the antiquity of the Tarot generally trumpeted @@ -1334,7 +1296,7 @@ became acquainted, by theory or practice, by casual or special concern, with the question of Tarot cards, accepted their Egyptian character. It is said that people are taken commonly at their own valuation, and—following as it does the line of least resistance—the -unsolicitous general mind assuredly accepts archæological +unsolicitous general mind assuredly accepts archæological pretensions in the sense of their own daring and of those who put them forward. The first who appeared to reconsider the subject with some presumptive titles to a hearing was the French @@ -1365,8 +1327,8 @@ he is the first writer who definitely identified them with the Gipsies; for him, however, the original Gipsy home was in India, and Egypt did not therefore enter into his calculation.</p> -<p>In 1860 there arose Eliphas Lévi, a brilliant and profound -<i>illuminé</i> whom it is impossible to accept, and with whom it is +<p>In 1860 there arose Eliphas Lévi, a brilliant and profound +<i>illuminé</i> whom it is impossible to accept, and with whom it is even more impossible to dispense. There was never a mouth declaring such great things, of all the western voices which have proclaimed or interpreted the science called occult and the doctrine @@ -1394,7 +1356,7 @@ had skimmed rather than read. The Tarot for him was not only the most perfect instrument of divination and the keystone of occult science, but it was the primitive book, the sole book of the ancient Magi, the miraculous volume which inspired all the sacred -writings of antiquity. In his first work Lévi was content, however, +writings of antiquity. In his first work Lévi was content, however, with accepting the construction of Court de Gebelin and reproducing the seventh Trump Major with a few Egyptian characteristics. The question of Tarot transmission through the @@ -1405,7 +1367,7 @@ coincident and reflected one another thereafter. It remained for Romain Merlin, in 1869, to point out what should have been obvious, namely, that cards of some kind were known in Europe prior to the arrival of the Gipsies in or about 1417. But as this was -their arrival at Lüneburg, and as their presence can be traced +their arrival at Lüneburg, and as their presence can be traced antecedently, the correction loses a considerable part of its force; it is safer, therefore, to say that the evidence for the use of the Tarot by Romany tribes was not suggested till after the year @@ -1840,7 +1802,7 @@ orthodox doctrine, and the outer side of the life which leads to the doctrine; but he is certainly not the prince of occult doctrine, as another commentator has suggested.</p> -<p>He is rather the <i>summa totius theologiæ</i>, when it has passed +<p>He is rather the <i>summa totius theologiæ</i>, when it has passed into the utmost rigidity of expression; but he symbolizes also all things that are righteous and sacred on the manifest side. As such, he is the channel of grace belonging to the world of institution @@ -1898,7 +1860,7 @@ hero are supposed to be the <i>Urim</i> and <i>Thummim</i>. He has led captivity captive; he is conquest on all planes—in the mind, in science, in progress, in certain trials of initiation. He has thus replied to the <i>Sphinx</i>, and it is on this account that I have -accepted the variation of Eliphas Lévi; two sphinxes thus draw +accepted the variation of Eliphas Lévi; two sphinxes thus draw his chariot. He is above all things triumph in the mind.</p> <p>It is to be understood for this reason (<i>a</i>) that the question of @@ -1964,7 +1926,7 @@ beacon intimates that "where I am, you also may be."</p> <p>It is further a card which is understood quite incorrectly when it is connected with the idea of occult isolation, as the protection of personal magnetism against admixture. This is one of the -frivolous renderings which we owe to Eliphas Lévi. It has been +frivolous renderings which we owe to Eliphas Lévi. It has been adopted by the French Order of Martinism and some of us have heard a great deal of the Silent and Unknown Philosophy enveloped by his mantle from the knowledge of the profane. In @@ -1979,13 +1941,13 @@ secure their own protection from those who are unprepared.</p> </div> <p>In this symbol I have again followed the reconstruction of -Eliphas Lévi, who has furnished several variants. It is legitimate—as +Eliphas Lévi, who has furnished several variants. It is legitimate—as I have intimated—to use Egyptian symbolism when this serves our purpose, provided that no theory of origin is implied therein. I have, however, presented Typhon in his serpent form. The symbolism is, of course, not exclusively Egyptian, as the four Living Creatures of Ezekiel occupy the angles of the card, and -the wheel itself follows other indications of Lévi in respect +the wheel itself follows other indications of Lévi in respect of Ezekiel's vision, as illustrative of the particular Tarot Key. With the French occultist, and in the design itself, the symbolic picture stands for the perpetual motion of a @@ -2001,7 +1963,7 @@ amidst movement.</p> <p>Behind the general notion expressed in the symbol there lies the denial of chance and the fatality which is implied therein. -It may be added that, from the days of Lévi onward, the occult +It may be added that, from the days of Lévi onward, the occult explanations of this card are—even for occultism itself—of a singularly fatuous kind. It has been said to mean principle, fecundity, virile honor, ruling authority, etc. The findings of @@ -2046,7 +2008,7 @@ with leaves thereon; (2) that the face expresses deep entrancement, not suffering; (3) that the figure, as a whole, suggests life in suspension, but life and not death. It is a card of profound significance, but all the significance is veiled. One of his editors -suggests that Eliphas Lévi did not know the meaning, which is +suggests that Eliphas Lévi did not know the meaning, which is unquestionable—nor did the editor himself. It has been called falsely a card of martyrdom, a card of prudence, a card of the Great Work, a card of duty; but we may exhaust all published @@ -2138,7 +2100,7 @@ is not to be their master for ever. Even now, he is also a bondsman, sustained by the evil that is in him and blind to the liberty of service. With more than his usual derision for the arts which he pretended to respect and interpret as a master therein, Eliphas -Lévi affirms that the Baphometic figure is occult science and +Lévi affirms that the Baphometic figure is occult science and magic. Another commentator says that in the Divine world it signifies predestination, but there is no correspondence in that world with the things which below are of the brute. What it @@ -2192,7 +2154,7 @@ entirely naked. Her left knee is on the land and her right foot upon the water. She pours Water of Life from two great ewers, irrigating sea and land. Behind her is rising ground and on the right a shrub or tree, whereon a bird alights. The figure -expresses eternal youth and beauty. The star is <i>l'étoile flamboyante</i>, +expresses eternal youth and beauty. The star is <i>l'étoile flamboyante</i>, which appears in Masonic symbolism, but has been confused therein. That which the figure communicates to the living scene is the substance of the heavens and the elements. It has @@ -2804,7 +2766,7 @@ abundant refreshment of wine is on the arched counter behind him, seeming to indicate that the future is also assured. The picture offers the material side only, but there are other aspects.</p> <p class="ml2"><i>Divinatory Meanings</i>:<br /> -Concord, contentment, physical <i>bien-être</i>; +Concord, contentment, physical <i>bien-être</i>; also victory, success, advantage; satisfaction for the Querent or person for whom the consultation is made. </p> <p class="ml2"><i>Reversed</i>:<br /> @@ -3255,7 +3217,7 @@ inheritance.</p> which illustrates the Eight of Pentacles. The apprentice or amateur therein has received his reward and is now at work in earnest.</p> -<p class="ml2"><i>Divinatory Meanings</i>: <br /><i>Métier</i>, trade, skilled labor; usually, +<p class="ml2"><i>Divinatory Meanings</i>: <br /><i>Métier</i>, trade, skilled labor; usually, however, regarded as a card of nobility, aristocracy, renown, glory.</p> <p class="ml2"><i>Reversed</i>: <br />Mediocrity, in work and otherwise, puerility, @@ -4029,7 +3991,7 @@ With The Tarot And Its Connections</span></a></h2> <p class="p2">As in spite of its modest pretensions, this monograph is, so far as I am aware, the first attempt to provide in English a complete -synoptic account of the Tarot, with its archæological position +synoptic account of the Tarot, with its archæological position defined, its available symbolism developed, and—as a matter of curiosity in occultism—with its divinatory meanings and modes of operation sufficiently exhibited, it is my wish, from the literate @@ -4052,7 +4014,7 @@ purposes of the present list.</p> <p class="p2">I</p> -<blockquote><p><i>Monde Primitif, analysé et comparé avec le Monde Moderne.</i> +<blockquote><p><i>Monde Primitif, analysé et comparé avec le Monde Moderne.</i> Par M. Court de Gebelin. Vol. 8, 4to, Paris, 1781.</p></blockquote> <p>The articles on the <i>Jeu des Tarots</i> will be found at pp. 365 to 410. The plates at the end show the Trumps Major and the Aces @@ -4069,10 +4031,10 @@ with any question of historical research.</p> <p class="p2">II</p> <blockquote><p>The Works of Etteilla. <i>Les Septs Nuances de l'œuvre philosophique -Hermétique</i>; <i>Maniére de se récréer avec le Jeu de -Cartes, nommées Tarots</i>; <i>Fragments sur les Hautes Sciences</i>; +Hermétique</i>; <i>Maniére de se récréer avec le Jeu de +Cartes, nommées Tarots</i>; <i>Fragments sur les Hautes Sciences</i>; <i>Philosophie des Hautes Sciences</i>; <i>Jeu des Tarots, ou -le Livre de Thoth</i>; <i>Leçons Théoriques et Pratiques du Livre +le Livre de Thoth</i>; <i>Leçons Théoriques et Pratiques du Livre de Thoth</i>—all published between 1783 and 1787.</p></blockquote> <p>These are exceedingly rare and were frankly among the works of <i>colportage</i> of their particular period. They contain the most @@ -4137,7 +4099,7 @@ in the text.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Les Cartes à Jouer et la Cartomancie.</i> Par D. R. P. Boiteau +<p><i>Les Cartes à Jouer et la Cartomancie.</i> Par D. R. P. Boiteau d'Ambly. 4to, Paris, 1854.</p></blockquote> <p>There are some interesting illustrations of early Tarot cards, @@ -4153,7 +4115,7 @@ amusement.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi, 2 vols., +<p><i>Dogme et Rituel de la Haute Magie.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi, 2 vols., demy 8vo, Paris, 1854.</p></blockquote> <p>This is the first publication of Alphonse Louis Constant on @@ -4170,7 +4132,7 @@ Cups. Within the external circle are the letters TARO, and about this figure as a whole are grouped the symbols of the Four Living Creatures, the Ace of Wands, Ace of Swords, the letter <i>Shin</i>, and a magician's candle, which is identical, according to -Lévi, with the lights used in the Goetic Circle of Black Evocations +Lévi, with the lights used in the Goetic Circle of Black Evocations and Pacts. The triple <i>Tau</i> may be taken to represent the Ace of Pentacles. The only Tarot card given in the volumes is the Chariot, which is drawn by two sphinxes; the fashion thus set @@ -4182,14 +4144,14 @@ the pains of fools.</p> <p class="p2">VIII</p> -<p><i>Les Rômes.</i> Par J. A. Vaillant. Demy 8vo, Paris, 1857.</p> +<p><i>Les Rômes.</i> Par J. A. Vaillant. Demy 8vo, Paris, 1857.</p> <p>The author tells us how he met with the cards, but the account is in a chapter of anecdotes. The Tarot is the sidereal book of Enoch, modelled on the astral wheel of Athor. There is a description of the Trumps Major, which are evidently regarded as an heirloom, brought by the gipsies from Indo-Tartary. The -publication of Lévi's <i>Dogme et Rituel</i> must, I think, have impressed +publication of Lévi's <i>Dogme et Rituel</i> must, I think, have impressed Vaillant very much, and although in this, which was the writer's most important work, the anecdote that I have mentioned is practically his only Tarot reference, he seems to have @@ -4201,7 +4163,7 @@ a loss.</p> <p class="p2">IX</p> -<p><i>Historie de la Magie.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. 8vo, Paris, 1860.</p> +<p><i>Historie de la Magie.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. 8vo, Paris, 1860.</p> <p>The references to the Tarot are few in this brilliant work, which will be available shortly in English. It gives the 21st @@ -4219,7 +4181,7 @@ authority here is Vaillant.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>La Clef des Grands Mystères.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi, 8vo, Paris, +<p><i>La Clef des Grands Mystères.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi, 8vo, Paris, 1861.</p></blockquote> <p>The frontispiece to this work represents the absolute Key of @@ -4227,7 +4189,7 @@ the occult sciences, given by William Postel and completed by the writer. It is reproduced in <i>The Tarot Of The Bohemians</i>, and in the preface which I have prefixed thereto, as indeed elsewhere, I have explained that Postel never constructed a hieroglyphical -key. Eliphas Lévi <a name="indentifies" id="indentifies"></a>identifies the Tarot as that sacred alphabet +key. Eliphas Lévi <a name="indentifies" id="indentifies"></a>identifies the Tarot as that sacred alphabet which has been variously referred to Enoch, Thoth, Cadmus and Palamedes. It consists of absolute ideas attached to signs and numbers. In respect of the latter, there is an extended commentary @@ -4252,7 +4214,7 @@ highly prized in France; but Dr. Papus has awakened to the fact that it is really of slender value, and the statement might be extended. It is interesting, however, as containing the writer's first reveries on the Tarot. He was a follower and imitator of -Lévi. In the present work, he provides a commentary on the +Lévi. In the present work, he provides a commentary on the Trumps Major and thereafter the designs and meanings of all the Minor Arcana. There are many and curious astrological attributions. The work does not seem to mention the Tarot by @@ -4278,7 +4240,7 @@ which was mentioned by Court de Gebelin.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Origine des Cartes à Jouer.</i> Par Romain Merlin. 4to, Paris, +<p><i>Origine des Cartes à Jouer.</i> Par Romain Merlin. 4to, Paris, 1869.</p></blockquote> <p>There is no basis for the Egyptian origin of the Tarot, except @@ -4366,7 +4328,7 @@ for the purpose. There is no pretense of original research, and the only personal opinion expressed by the writer or calling for notice here states that the Trumps Major are <a name="hierogylphic" id="hierogylphic"></a>hieroglyphic symbols corresponding to the occult meanings of the Hebrew alphabet. -Here the authority is Lévi, from whom is also derived the +Here the authority is Lévi, from whom is also derived the brief symbolism allocated to the twenty-two Keys. The divinatory meanings follow, and then the modes of operation. It is a mere sketch written in a pretentious manner and is negligible in @@ -4377,11 +4339,11 @@ all respects.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Traité Méthodique de Science Occulte.</i> Par Papus. 8vo, Paris, +<p><i>Traité Méthodique de Science Occulte.</i> Par Papus. 8vo, Paris, 1891.</p></blockquote> <p>The rectified Tarot published by Oswald Wirth after the indications -of Eliphas Lévi is reproduced in this work, which—it +of Eliphas Lévi is reproduced in this work, which—it may be mentioned—extends to nearly 1,100 pages. There is a section on the gipsies, considered as the importers of esoteric tradition into Europe by means of the cards. The Tarot is a @@ -4393,7 +4355,7 @@ errors.</p> <p class="p2">XVIII</p> -<blockquote><p><i>Eliphas Lévi: Le Livre des Splendeurs.</i> Demy 8vo, Paris, 1894.</p></blockquote> +<blockquote><p><i>Eliphas Lévi: Le Livre des Splendeurs.</i> Demy 8vo, Paris, 1894.</p></blockquote> <p>A section on the <i>Elements of the Kabalah</i> affirms (<i>a</i>) That the Tarot contains in the several cards of the four suits a fourfold @@ -4412,7 +4374,7 @@ I have dealt in the text.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Clefs Magiques et Clavicules de Salomon.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. +<p><i>Clefs Magiques et Clavicules de Salomon.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. Sq. 12mo, Paris, 1895.</p></blockquote> <p>The Keys in question are said to have been restored in 1860, @@ -4435,7 +4397,7 @@ or otherwise.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Les xxii Lames Hermétiques du Tarot Divinatoire.</i> Par R. Falconnier. +<p><i>Les xxii Lames Hermétiques du Tarot Divinatoire.</i> Par R. Falconnier. Demy 8vo, Paris, 1896.</p></blockquote> <p>The word Tarot comes from the Sanskrit and means "fixed @@ -4446,13 +4408,13 @@ mysteries were only revealed to the highest grades of the priesthood of Isis. It is unnecessary therefore to say that the Tarot is of Egyptian origin and the work of M. Falconnier has been to reconstruct its primitive form, which he does by reference to the -monuments—that is to say, after the fashion of Eliphas Lévi, he +monuments—that is to say, after the fashion of Eliphas Lévi, he draws the designs of the Trumps Major in imitation of Egyptian art. This production has been hailed by French occultists as presenting the Tarot in its perfection, but the same has been said of the designs of Oswald Wirth, which are quite unlike and not Egyptian at all. To be frank, these kinds of foolery may be -as much as can be expected from the Sanctuary of the Comédie-Française, +as much as can be expected from the Sanctuary of the Comédie-Française, to which the author belongs, and it should be reserved thereto.</p> @@ -4462,7 +4424,7 @@ thereto.</p> <blockquote> <p><i>The Magical Ritual of the Sanctum Regnum, interpreted by the -Tarot Trumps.</i> Translated from the MSS. of Eliphas Lévi +Tarot Trumps.</i> Translated from the MSS. of Eliphas Lévi and edited by W. Wynn Westcott, M.B. Fcap, 8vo, London, 1896.</p></blockquote> @@ -4474,17 +4436,17 @@ therefrom in the mind of the French author. For example, the card called Fortitude is an opportunity for expatiation on will as the secret of strength. The Hanged Man is said to represent the completion of the Great Work. Death suggests a diatribe -against Necromancy and Goëtia; but such phantoms have no +against Necromancy and Goëtia; but such phantoms have no existence in "<i>the Sanctum Regnum</i>" of life. Temperance produces only a few vapid commonplaces, and the Devil, which is blind force, is the occasion for repetition of much that has been -said already in the earlier works of Lévi. The Tower represents +said already in the earlier works of Lévi. The Tower represents the betrayal of the Great Arcanum, and this it was which caused the sword of Samael to be stretched over the Garden of Delight. Amongst the plates there is a monogram of the Gnosis, which is also that of the Tarot. The editor has thoughtfully appended some information on the Trump Cards taken from the -early works of Lévi and from the commentaries of P. Christian.</p> +early works of Lévi and from the commentaries of P. Christian.</p> <p class="p2">XXII</p> @@ -4523,7 +4485,7 @@ and so forth.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Le Grand Arcane, ou l'occultisme dévoilé.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. +<p><i>Le Grand Arcane, ou l'occultisme dévoilé.</i> Par Eliphas Lévi. Demy 8vo, Paris, 1898.</p></blockquote> <p>After many years and the long experience of all his concerns @@ -4543,7 +4505,7 @@ manner as such.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Le Serpent de la Genêse—Livre II; La Clef de la Magie Noire.</i> +<p><i>Le Serpent de la Genêse—Livre II; La Clef de la Magie Noire.</i> Par Stanislas de Guaita. 8vo, Paris, 1902.</p></blockquote> <p>It is a vast commentary on the second septenary of the Trumps @@ -4567,14 +4529,14 @@ could be reduced to a very few pages.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Le Tarot: Aperçu historique.</i> Par. J. J. Bourgeat. Sq. 12mo, +<p><i>Le Tarot: Aperçu historique.</i> Par. J. J. Bourgeat. Sq. 12mo, Paris, 1906.</p></blockquote> <p>The author has illustrated his work by purely fantastic designs of certain Trumps Major, as, for example, the Wheel of Fortune, Death and the Devil. They have no connection with symbolism. The Tarot is said to have originated in India, -whence it passed to Egypt. Eliphas Lévi, P. Christian, and J. A. +whence it passed to Egypt. Eliphas Lévi, P. Christian, and J. A. Vaillant are cited in support of statements and points of view. The mode of divination adopted is fully and carefully set out.</p> @@ -4621,16 +4583,16 @@ are indifferently done, and the reproductions seem worse than the designs. This is probably of no especial importance to the class of readers addressed. Dr. Papus also presents, by way of curious memorials, the evidential value of which he seems to -accept implicitly, certain unpublished designs of Eliphas Lévi; +accept implicitly, certain unpublished designs of Eliphas Lévi; they are certainly interesting as examples of the manner in -which the great occultist manufactured the archæology of the +which the great occultist manufactured the archæology of the Tarot to bear out his personal views. We have (<i>a</i>) Trump Major, No. 5, being Horus as the Grand Hierophant; drawn after the monuments; (<i>b</i>) Trump Major No. 2, being the High Priestess as Isis, also after the monuments; and (<i>c</i>) five imaginary specimens of an Indian Tarot. This is how <i>la haute science</i> in France contributes to the illustration of that work which Dr. -Papus terms <i>livre de la science éternelle</i>; it would be called by +Papus terms <i>livre de la science éternelle</i>; it would be called by rougher names in English criticism. The editor himself takes his usual pains and believes that he has discovered the time attributed to each card by ancient Egypt. He applies it to the @@ -4643,7 +4605,7 @@ with the fair widow, and so forth.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Le Tarot des Bohémiens.</i> Par Papus. 8vo, Paris, 1889. English +<p><i>Le Tarot des Bohémiens.</i> Par Papus. 8vo, Paris, 1889. English Translation, second edition, 1910.</p></blockquote> <p>An exceedingly complex work, which claims to present an absolute @@ -4667,7 +4629,7 @@ Bohemians</i> is published at 6<i>s.</i> by William Rider & Son, Ltd.</p> <blockquote> -<p><i>Manuel Synthétique et Pratique du Tarot.</i> Par Eudes Picard. +<p><i>Manuel Synthétique et Pratique du Tarot.</i> Par Eudes Picard. 8vo, Paris, 1909.</p></blockquote> <p>Here is yet one more handbook of the subject presenting in @@ -4710,390 +4672,13 @@ is an art.</p> <div class="trn">"That which they (signifiy —>) <a href="#signifiy">signify</a> is at hand;"</div> <div class="trn">"The (biliographical —>) <a href="#biliographical">bibliographical</a> particulars that follow lay no claim to completeness,..."</div> -<div class="trn">"...Lévi (indentifies —>) <a href="#indentifies">identifies</a> the Tarot as..."</div> +<div class="trn">"...Lévi (indentifies —>) <a href="#indentifies">identifies</a> the Tarot as..."</div> <div class="trn">"...Trumps Major are (hierogylphic —>) <a href="#hierogylphic">hieroglyphic</a> symbols..."</div> -<p>"Éliphas", "Èliphas" and "Eliphas" were used interchangeably and have been +<p>"Éliphas", "Èliphas" and "Eliphas" were used interchangeably and have been standardized to "Eliphas".</p> </div></div> - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Illustrated Key to the Tarot, by -L. 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