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diff --git a/43579-h/43579-h.htm b/43579-h/43579-h.htm index 57f6cea..ef1fd3d 100644 --- a/43579-h/43579-h.htm +++ b/43579-h/43579-h.htm @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> <title> An Introduction to Enomology: Volume IV., by William Kirby and William Spence--A Project Gutenberg eBook. @@ -224,48 +224,7 @@ li.pad { padding-top: 2.0%; } </style> </head> <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Introduction to Entomology: Vol. IV (of -4), by William Kirby and William Spence - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: An Introduction to Entomology: Vol. IV (of 4) - or Elements of the Natural History of the Insects - -Author: William Kirby - William Spence - -Release Date: August 27, 2013 [EBook #43579] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY, VOL IV *** - - - - -Produced by Douglas L. Alley, III, Chris Curnow and the -Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net -(This file was produced from images generously made -available by The Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 43579 ***</div> <div class="figcenter" > <a name="William_Spence" id="William_Spence"></a> @@ -656,7 +615,7 @@ of minute grains are discoverable in it, and when left to dry upon glass, it appears to contain a good deal of oil, which does not dry with the rest<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>. That of the ganglions differs from the substance of the rest of the spinal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> -chord, in being filled with very fine aërial vessels, which +chord, in being filled with very fine aërial vessels, which are not discoverable in the latter<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a>. With regard to <i>colour</i>, Lyonet states that the chords of the spinal marrow in the larva of the great goat-moth are of a blueish @@ -677,8 +636,8 @@ of vertebrate animals. The first thing that strikes the eye, when these parts in a recent subject are submitted to a microscope, is a tissue of very delicate vessels, which ramify beyond the reach of the assisted sight; these are -merely air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i> derived originally from -the <i>tracheæ</i> of the animal: but besides these is an exterior +merely air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i> derived originally from +the <i>tracheæ</i> of the animal: but besides these is an exterior and an interior tunic; the first corresponding with the <i>dura mater</i> of anatomists; and the other, which is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> the most delicate and incloses the cortical and medullary @@ -688,7 +647,7 @@ parts, with the <i>pia mater</i><a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a of the <i>brain</i>; the <i>spinal marrow</i> and its <i>ganglions</i>; and the <i>nerves</i>.</p> -<p>i. <i>Brain</i>.<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> Linné denied the existence of a <i>brain</i> in +<p>i. <i>Brain</i>.<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a> Linné denied the existence of a <i>brain</i> in insects, and most modern physiologists seem to be of the same opinion. A part however, analogous to this important organ—at least in its situation, and in its emission of @@ -705,7 +664,7 @@ cavity of which it occupies, and by being the only ganglion <i>above</i> the œsophagus. It is usually small, though in some cases larger than they are<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>. It consists of two lobes, more or less distinct and generally of a spherical -form. In <i>Oryctes nasicornis</i> and <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i> the +form. In <i>Oryctes nasicornis</i> and <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i> the lobes are separated both before and behind<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a>; while in the larva of <i>Dytiscus marginalis</i>, but not in the imago, in which there are two large hemispheres separated by a @@ -758,7 +717,7 @@ insect they lie close together<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a>< consist of a double chord<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a>; but in many other insects numerous variations in this respect occur.—Thus in the stag-beetle the <i>last</i> internode is single<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a>; in the caterpillar -of the cabbage butterfly (<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>) the +of the cabbage butterfly (<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>) the <i>five first</i> are double, and the <i>six last</i> single<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a>; in that of the great goat-moth (<i>Cossus ligniperda</i>) the <i>three first</i> only are double, but the others terminate in a fork<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a>; in the cockroaches @@ -778,7 +737,7 @@ formed of knots separated only by slight or deep constrictions<a name="FNanchor_ has observed that, in the caterpillar of the great goat-moth, these in one respect differ remarkably from the chords that connect them; in the latter the air-vessels or -bronchiæ only cover the <i>outside</i> of the tunic, while in the +bronchiæ only cover the <i>outside</i> of the tunic, while in the former they enter the <i>substance</i> of the ganglion, which is quite filled with their delicate and numberless branches<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a>. Every ganglion may be regarded in some degree as a centre @@ -797,14 +756,14 @@ grub of the rhinoceros-beetle, they are confined to the by numerous radiating nerves<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a>; in others again, as in the scorpion, they are all <i>abdominal</i>. The ganglions vary also in their situation with respect to each other. -Thus in some, as in the larva of the Chamæleon-fly -(<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>), they are so near as to appear +Thus in some, as in the larva of the Chamæleon-fly +(<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>), they are so near as to appear like a string of beads<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a>; in that of the ant-lion (<i>Myrmeleon</i>) the two ganglions of the trunk are separated by an interval from those of the abdomen, which are so contiguous as to resemble the rattle of the rattle-snake<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a>. In others the internodes are longer, and the ganglions occur -at nearly equal intervals, as in the larva of the <i>Ephemeræ</i><a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a>; +at nearly equal intervals, as in the larva of the <i>Ephemeræ</i><a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a>; but in the majority they are unequal in length: thus in the scorpion the three first ganglions are the most distant<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a>; in the hive-bee the third and fourth<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a>; and in @@ -821,7 +780,7 @@ there are <i>four</i><a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="# grub of the stag-beetle<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a>; <i>nine</i> in the great <i>Hydrophilus</i><a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a>; <i>ten</i> in <i>Dytiscus</i><a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a>; <i>eleven</i> in the grub of the great <i>Hydrophilus</i><a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a>; <i>twelve</i> in the grub of <i>Dytiscus</i> and the caterpillars -of <i>Lepidoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a>; <i>thirteen</i> in the larva of <i>Æshna</i><a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a>; +of <i>Lepidoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a>; <i>thirteen</i> in the larva of <i>Æshna</i><a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a>; and <i>twenty-four</i> in <i>Scolopendra morsitans</i><a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a>. You must observe that, generally speaking, the number of ganglions is less in the <i>imago</i> than in the <i>larva</i>. With regard to @@ -896,7 +855,7 @@ in which the ganglions are only in <i>one</i> of these parts.</p> </tr> <tr> - <td class="c3"><i>Æshna, Larva</i></td> + <td class="c3"><i>Æshna, Larva</i></td> <td class="center">0</td> <td class="center">6</td> <td class="center">7</td> @@ -938,12 +897,12 @@ of the goat-moth the accurate Lyonet counted <i>forty-five</i> pairs of them, and <i>two</i> single ones, making in all <i>ninety-two</i> nerves; whereas in the <i>human</i> body anatomists count only <i>seventy-eight</i><a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a>. From the brain issue several -pairs, which go to the <i>eyes</i>, <i>antennæ</i>, <i>palpi</i>, and other +pairs, which go to the <i>eyes</i>, <i>antennæ</i>, <i>palpi</i>, and other parts of the mouth: sometimes those that render to the mandibles issue from the first ganglion, as in the larva of <i>Dytiscus marginalis</i>, the stag-beetle, &c.<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a>; those both of <i>mandibles</i> and <i>palpi</i> in the great <i>Hydrophilus</i><a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a>; and -in <i>Blatta</i> some which act also upon the <i>antennæ</i><a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a>.</p> +in <i>Blatta</i> some which act also upon the <i>antennæ</i><a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a>.</p> <p>The <i>optic</i> are usually the most conspicuous and remarkable of the nerves. In some insects with large eyes, @@ -966,7 +925,7 @@ it is supported; it terminates in a very large bulb corresponding to the eye<a name="FNanchor_93_93" id="FNanchor_93_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_93_93" class="fnanchor">[93]</a>: in <i>Scolopendra morsitans</i> the optic nerves divide into four branches long before they arrive at the eyes, and in this insect the nerves which -render to the antennæ are so thick as to appear portions +render to the antennæ are so thick as to appear portions of the brain, which they equal in diameter<a name="FNanchor_94_94" id="FNanchor_94_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_94_94" class="fnanchor">[94]</a>. Swammerdam discovered in the grub of the rhinoceros-beetle and in the caterpillar of the silk-worm, a pair of nerves which @@ -999,7 +958,7 @@ the <i>sensorium commune</i>. A <i>pair</i> of nerves is the most usual number that proceeds from each side of a ganglion<a name="FNanchor_100_100" id="FNanchor_100_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_100_100" class="fnanchor">[100]</a>; but this is by no means constant, since in the louse, the hive-bee, and several other insects, only a <i>single</i> -nerve thus proceeds<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a>; and in the larva of <i>Ephemeræ</i>, +nerve thus proceeds<a name="FNanchor_101_101" id="FNanchor_101_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_101_101" class="fnanchor">[101]</a>; and in the larva of <i>Ephemeræ</i>, while <i>two</i> pairs issue from the <i>six first</i> ganglions, only a <i>single</i> one is emitted by the <i>five last</i><a name="FNanchor_102_102" id="FNanchor_102_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_102_102" class="fnanchor">[102]</a>. In the spinal marrow of the rhinoceros-beetle, both larva and imago, the @@ -1022,7 +981,7 @@ he asserts are of a different substance, and are inclosed in the marrow for the sake of giving it greater firmness<a name="FNanchor_107_107" id="FNanchor_107_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_107_107" class="fnanchor">[107]</a>. In this opinion, however, he seems singular<a name="FNanchor_108_108" id="FNanchor_108_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_108_108" class="fnanchor">[108]</a>. Those remarkable nerves described by Lyonet under the name -of <i>spinal bridle</i> (<i>bride épinière</i>) also take their origin, not +of <i>spinal bridle</i> (<i>bride épinière</i>) also take their origin, not from the ganglions, but from a bifurcation of the spinal marrow. Of these, in the caterpillar of the goat-moth there are <i>ten</i>, the first issuing from the bifurcation of @@ -1075,7 +1034,7 @@ more remarkable, that the <i>tail</i> part always survives the<span class="pagen <i>head</i> two or three days<a name="FNanchor_112_112" id="FNanchor_112_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_112_112" class="fnanchor">[112]</a>. The <i>sensorium commune</i> of insects, therefore, does not, as in the warm-blooded animals, reside in the brain alone, but in the spinal marrow -also. It was on this account probably that Linné denied +also. It was on this account probably that Linné denied the existence of a <i>brain</i> in insects, regarding it merely as the first ganglion of the spine.</p> @@ -1202,7 +1161,7 @@ piceus</i><a name="FNanchor_122_122" id="FNanchor_122_122"></a><a href="#Footnot than the larva, but more generally it loses <i>four</i> or <i>five</i>. Dr. Herold has traced the gradual changes that take place in the spinal marrow of the common cabbage-butterfly -(<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>), from the time that it has attained +(<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>), from the time that it has attained its full size to its assumption of the imago. Of these I shall now give you some account.</p> @@ -1258,7 +1217,7 @@ shape<a name="FNanchor_131_131" id="FNanchor_131_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_131 <p>It can admit of no reasonable doubt that one of the principal intentions of these changes is to accommodate the nervous system to the altered functions of the animal -in its new stage of existence, in which the antennæ, +in its new stage of existence, in which the antennæ, eyes, and other organs of the senses, as well as the limbs and muscles moving them, and the sexual organs, being very different from those of the larva, and if not wholly @@ -1317,7 +1276,7 @@ and <i>Neuroptera</i>, as mentioned above<a name="FNanchor_133_133" id="FNanchor of the nervous chord is <i>not</i> changed; and yet we know that many tribes of these orders acquire instincts in their imago state altogether different from those which -directed them in their state of larvæ. A perfect <i>Locust</i>, +directed them in their state of larvæ. A perfect <i>Locust</i>, for instance, acquires the new instincts of using its wings; of undertaking those distant migrations of which so many remarkable instances were laid before you in a former @@ -1620,7 +1579,7 @@ and <i>branchiform</i> and <i>other pneumatic appendages</i>.</p> <p>i. <i>Spiracles</i><a name="FNanchor_155_155" id="FNanchor_155_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_155_155" class="fnanchor">[155]</a> (<i>Spiracula</i>), or breathing pores, are small orifices in the trunk or abdomen of insects, opening into -the <i>tracheæ</i>, by which the air enters the body, or is expelled +the <i>tracheæ</i>, by which the air enters the body, or is expelled from it<a name="FNanchor_156_156" id="FNanchor_156_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_156_156" class="fnanchor">[156]</a>. They may be considered principally as to their <i>composition</i> and <i>substance</i>; <i>shape</i>; <i>colour</i>; <i>magnitude</i>; <i>situation</i>; and <i>number</i>.</p> @@ -1663,7 +1622,7 @@ that the lips appear to consist of parallel cartilaginous processes, separated by a cellular web<a name="FNanchor_161_161" id="FNanchor_161_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_161_161" class="fnanchor">[161]</a>. In some species<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> of <i>Copris</i> the corrugations form a perplexed labyrinth; in the caterpillar of the puss-moth the plaits are so narrow -as to look like rays<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a>; and in some <i>Dynastidæ</i> the +as to look like rays<a name="FNanchor_162_162" id="FNanchor_162_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_162_162" class="fnanchor">[162]</a>; and in some <i>Dynastidæ</i> the lips approach to a lamellated structure. Again, in <i>Hydrophilus caraboides</i> the <i>upper</i> lip, and in <i>Dytiscus circumflexus</i>, <i>both</i> lips seem formed of elegant plumes<a name="FNanchor_163_163" id="FNanchor_163_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_163_163" class="fnanchor">[163]</a>: a @@ -1723,7 +1682,7 @@ minute.</p> In general we may observe that the abdominal ones are usually flat, while those of the trunk are often convex<a name="FNanchor_172_172" id="FNanchor_172_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_172_172" class="fnanchor">[172]</a>. Sometimes they are very narrow and nearly -linear, as in many pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, and those in +linear, as in many pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, and those in the <i>metathorax</i> of the sand-wasps (<i>Ammophila</i>) and affinities; at others they are wider and nearly elliptical, as in <i>Lucanus</i> and many Lamellicorn beetles: again, in @@ -1788,15 +1747,15 @@ to almost every segment. Let us take a summary view of their arrangement in this respect.</p> <p>No insect has any spiracle in the <i>head</i>; but in caterpillars -and many other <i>larvæ</i> there is a pair in the <i>first</i> +and many other <i>larvæ</i> there is a pair in the <i>first</i> segment of the trunk. This is also to be found in the -other states, but is not easily detected in the <i>pupæ</i> of +other states, but is not easily detected in the <i>pupæ</i> of <i>Lepidoptera</i>: in the <i>Coleoptera</i> order, in the grub of the Lamellicorn beetles, it is extremely conspicuous, and planted in the side of the first segment<a name="FNanchor_183_183" id="FNanchor_183_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_183_183" class="fnanchor">[183]</a>; in other Coleopterous grubs it is not so readily found, but probably its station is somewhere behind the base of the arms, where -it is very visible in that of the <i>Staphylinidæ</i>. In the +it is very visible in that of the <i>Staphylinidæ</i>. In the <i>imago</i> of insects of this order, this antepectoral spiracle has been overlooked, and indeed is not soon discovered: to see it clearly, the manitrunk should be separated from @@ -1820,7 +1779,7 @@ planted on each side between the collar and the <i>dorsolum</i> above the arms<a name="FNanchor_187_187" id="FNanchor_187_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_187_187" class="fnanchor">[187]</a>, and in <i>Hippobosca</i> in the collar itself<a name="FNanchor_188_188" id="FNanchor_188_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_188_188" class="fnanchor">[188]</a>.</p> -<p>In <i>Lepidopterous</i>, <i>Coleopterous</i>, and some other larvæ, +<p>In <i>Lepidopterous</i>, <i>Coleopterous</i>, and some other larvæ, the two segments of the body corresponding with the alitrunk in the perfect insect, are without spiracles, neither have they in this state, though pneumatic organs @@ -1850,9 +1809,9 @@ very common one, you will find between the <i>scapula</i> and inspection, under a good magnifier, you will see completely filled with minute stiff hairs or bristles, which fringe the posterior margin of the <i>scapula</i><a name="FNanchor_193_193" id="FNanchor_193_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_193_193" class="fnanchor">[193]</a>. In a Brazilian -species of <i>Lygæus</i> (<i>sexmaculatus</i> K. M. S.) with incrassated +species of <i>Lygæus</i> (<i>sexmaculatus</i> K. M. S.) with incrassated posterior thighs, these hairs are replaced by -lamellæ which have the aspect of <i>gills</i>. A red, vertical, +lamellæ which have the aspect of <i>gills</i>. A red, vertical, convex spiracle, with its orifice towards the head, and terminating posteriorly in a kind of conical sac, is situated towards the hinder part of the <i>pleura</i> in the giant water-scorpion @@ -1871,7 +1830,7 @@ they are nearly in the same situation, being placed behind the wings on each side of the <i>metathorax</i>; in the latter Order with the poiser near them on the inner side<a name="FNanchor_196_196" id="FNanchor_196_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_196_196" class="fnanchor">[196]</a>: in this also, the spiracles of the <i>trunk</i> are without <i>lips</i>, -except in the larvæ, but are often merely an orifice, +except in the larvæ, but are often merely an orifice, sometimes fringed with hairs; this is particularly conspicuous in <i>Syrphus</i>, in which these orifices are very large, and in some species closed by an elegant double @@ -1885,7 +1844,7 @@ than those of the trunk, by which it is probable that <i>expiration</i> is performed, and have principally attracted the notice of Entomologists: they are either dorsal, lateral, or ventral. In <i>Dytiscus</i>, <i>Copris</i>, &c. amongst -the beetles, all the spiracles are <i>dorsal</i>; in the larvæ of +the beetles, all the spiracles are <i>dorsal</i>; in the larvæ of <i>Coleoptera</i> and <i>Lepidoptera</i> they are <i>lateral</i>; and in the Heteropterous <i>Hemiptera</i> they are usually <i>ventral</i>: in <i>Dynastes</i> they are commonly found of all three descriptions;—the @@ -1904,7 +1863,7 @@ they appear to have no <i>abdominal</i> spiracles<a name="FNanchor_200_200" id=" yet I have seen the abdomen of <i>Libellula depressa</i> when reposing, contract and dilate alternately, from whence it follows that this part is concerned in respiration. Sprengel -says that the larvæ in this tribe have seven or nine +says that the larvæ in this tribe have seven or nine on each side<a name="FNanchor_201_201" id="FNanchor_201_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_201_201" class="fnanchor">[201]</a>, and Reaumur speaks of them as discoverable in the pupa<a name="FNanchor_202_202" id="FNanchor_202_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_202_202" class="fnanchor">[202]</a>. I have carefully examined the pupa-skin of most of the genera of <i>Libellulina</i>, under a @@ -1930,8 +1889,8 @@ orifices which have usually been regarded as spiracles, but M. Savi found that these orifices opened into vesicles containing a fetid fluid, and upon a very close examination he discovered the real spiracles above the base of the -legs, in connexion with <i>tracheæ</i><a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a>. In some of the larger -species of <i>Scolopendræ</i> large open spiracles in the same +legs, in connexion with <i>tracheæ</i><a name="FNanchor_205_205" id="FNanchor_205_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_205_205" class="fnanchor">[205]</a>. In some of the larger +species of <i>Scolopendræ</i> large open spiracles in the same situation are extremely visible<a name="FNanchor_206_206" id="FNanchor_206_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_206_206" class="fnanchor">[206]</a>. <i>Cermatia</i> presents a singular anomaly:—a single series of spiracles of the usual form, each planted in a cleft of the posterior margin @@ -1944,15 +1903,15 @@ it covers itself with some secretion.</p> examine the common dog-tick (<i>Ixodes Ricinus</i>), you will find only <i>one</i> of these organs on each side of the abdomen<a name="FNanchor_208_208" id="FNanchor_208_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_208_208" class="fnanchor">[208]</a>; the <i>Libellulina</i>, as we have seen, have only <i>four</i>, -all in the trunk; in the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, <i>Melolontha</i>, and the -larva of <i>Dytiscus</i>, there are <i>fourteen</i>; <i>sixteen</i> in the <i>Copridæ</i>; +all in the trunk; in the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, <i>Melolontha</i>, and the +larva of <i>Dytiscus</i>, there are <i>fourteen</i>; <i>sixteen</i> in the <i>Copridæ</i>; <i>eighteen</i> in <i>Dytiscus</i>, and probably the majority of <i>Coleoptera</i>, both larva and imago, and <i>Lepidoptera</i>; and a pair to each segment except the last, in the <i>Myriapods</i>.</p> <p>ii. <i>Respiratory plates</i> (<i>Respiratoria</i>). The nearest approach<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> to spiracles is made by those remarkable plates -that are found in such larvæ of <i>Diptera</i>, as in that state +that are found in such larvæ of <i>Diptera</i>, as in that state inhabit substances that might impede or altogether stop the entrance or exit of the air by the ordinary spiracles, such as dead or living flesh, dung, or the like. The @@ -2014,7 +1973,7 @@ of rain-water, numerous little wriggling worm-like animals, which frequently ascend to the surface; there remain a while, and then bending their head under the body rapidly sink to the bottom again. These are the -larvæ of some species of the genus just named; and if +larvæ of some species of the genus just named; and if you take one out of the water and examine it, you will perceive that it is furnished near the end of its body with a singular organ, which varies in length according to the @@ -2023,7 +1982,7 @@ one<a name="FNanchor_217_217" id="FNanchor_217_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_217_2 terminates in five points like a star; and by this it is usually suspended at the surface of the water, and preserves its communication with the atmosphere: in its interior -is a tube which is connected with the <i>tracheæ</i>, and +is a tube which is connected with the <i>tracheæ</i>, and terminates in several openings, visible under a microscope, at the mouth of the organ. The points or rays of the mouth when the animal is disposed to sink in the @@ -2065,7 +2024,7 @@ retractile within the other<a name="FNanchor_222_222" id="FNanchor_222_222"></a> very slender, and through which the air finds admission by a pair of spiracles, terminates in five diverging hairs or rays, which probably maintain it <i>in equilibrio</i> at its -station at the surface<a name="FNanchor_223_223" id="FNanchor_223_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_223" class="fnanchor">[223]</a>. As these larvæ seek their food<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> +station at the surface<a name="FNanchor_223_223" id="FNanchor_223_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_223_223" class="fnanchor">[223]</a>. As these larvæ seek their food<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> amongst the mud at the bottom of shallow pools, in which they are constantly employed, they require an apparatus capable of being lengthened or shortened, to suit @@ -2079,7 +2038,7 @@ length. Reaumur found that these animals could extend their tails to near <i>twelve</i> times their own length. The mechanism by which the terminal piece is pushed forth or retracted, is very curious, though extremely -simple. Two large parallel <i>tracheæ</i>, the direction of +simple. Two large parallel <i>tracheæ</i>, the direction of which is from the head<a name="FNanchor_224_224" id="FNanchor_224_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_224_224" class="fnanchor">[224]</a> of the grub to its tail, occupy a considerable portion of its interior: near the origin of the tail, where they are very ample, they suddenly grow @@ -2096,13 +2055,13 @@ other instances, proceed to the end, and terminate in the two spiracles mentioned above: he conjectures that when the animal has occasion to push forth its respiratory apparatus, it injects into these vessels part of the air -contained in the body of the <i>tracheæ</i>, which of course +contained in the body of the <i>tracheæ</i>, which of course would cause them to unfold and push forth the tube<a name="FNanchor_226_226" id="FNanchor_226_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_226_226" class="fnanchor">[226]</a>. When this insect assumes the pupa, instead of its anal respiratory organ it has <i>four</i> respiratory horns in the trunk near the head<a name="FNanchor_227_227" id="FNanchor_227_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_227_227" class="fnanchor">[227]</a>.</p> -<p>The larva of the chamæleon-fly (<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>) +<p>The larva of the chamæleon-fly (<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>) is furnished with a respiratory organ of a still different and more elegant structure, exhibiting some resemblance to the <i>tentacula</i> of what are called sea anemones. @@ -2130,7 +2089,7 @@ oval, opaque bodies, which De Geer conjectures may be air-reservoirs; these, when the animal assumes the pupa, according to every appearance become <i>external</i>, and are placed on the back, precisely where the respiratory -horns of aquatic pupæ are usually situated,—they appear +horns of aquatic pupæ are usually situated,—they appear to terminate in a transparent point<a name="FNanchor_233_233" id="FNanchor_233_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_233_233" class="fnanchor">[233]</a>. The pupa of a <i>Tipula</i> observed by Reaumur, instead of <i>two</i> has only <i>one</i> of these respiratory organs, in the form of a very @@ -2148,7 +2107,7 @@ to each other. This is found in both sexes, and therefore cannot be an <i>ovipositor</i>, as some have thought<a name="FNanchor_235_235" id="FNanchor_235_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_235_235" class="fnanchor">[235]</a>.</p> <p>These respiratory organs, however, are not invariably -confined to <i>aquatic</i> larvæ and pupæ, for those of some +confined to <i>aquatic</i> larvæ and pupæ, for those of some aphidivorous flies have anal ones, and the pupa of <i>Dolichopus nobilitatus</i>, or a fly nearly related to it, which is <i>terrestrial</i>, has likewise a pair of long sigmoidal ones on @@ -2163,7 +2122,7 @@ from the <i>water</i>; so that they may be looked upon in some degree as analogous to the <i>gills</i> of fishes: there is, however, this difference between them—in fishes, the blood is conveyed in minute ramifications of the arteries -to the surface of the branchial laminæ, through the membranes +to the surface of the branchial laminæ, through the membranes of which they abstract the air combined with the water; but as insects have no circulation, the process in them must be different, and their branchiform appendages @@ -2176,11 +2135,11 @@ five hairs elegantly feathered, which, when they diverge, form a beautiful star; its anus also is furnished with a fan-shaped pencil of diverging hairs<a name="FNanchor_237_237" id="FNanchor_237_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_237_237" class="fnanchor">[237]</a>.</p> -<p>On most of the abdominal segments of the larvæ and -pupæ of the <i>Trichoptera</i> are a number of white membranous +<p>On most of the abdominal segments of the larvæ and +pupæ of the <i>Trichoptera</i> are a number of white membranous floating threads, arranged in bundles, <i>four</i> on each segment, two above and two below, and traversed -longitudinally by several air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i>, which +longitudinally by several air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i>, which run in a serpentine direction, growing more slender as they approach the extremity, and in some places sending forth very fine ramifications,—these are their respiratory @@ -2188,7 +2147,7 @@ organs<a name="FNanchor_238_238" id="FNanchor_238_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_23 moth (<i>Hydrocampa stratiotata</i>) at first sight appears to be covered on each side with hairs, but which examined under a microscope are found to be branching flattish filaments, -each furnished with tubes from the <i>tracheæ</i>. These +each furnished with tubes from the <i>tracheæ</i>. These caterpillars have also the semblance of spiracles, but apparently found in the usual situation<a name="FNanchor_239_239" id="FNanchor_239_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_239_239" class="fnanchor">[239]</a>. The larva of a little beetle often mentioned in my letters (<i>Gyrinus Natator</i>), @@ -2199,8 +2158,8 @@ an air-tube meanders; the last segment but one has <i>four</i> of these processes, longer than the rest<a name="FNanchor_240_240" id="FNanchor_240_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_240_240" class="fnanchor">[240]</a>.</p> <p><i>Laminose</i> or foliaceous respiratory appendages distinguish -the sides of the abdomen of the larvæ and pupæ of -the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, whose history you found so interesting<a name="FNanchor_241_241" id="FNanchor_241_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_241" class="fnanchor">[241]</a>. +the sides of the abdomen of the larvæ and pupæ of +the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, whose history you found so interesting<a name="FNanchor_241_241" id="FNanchor_241_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_241_241" class="fnanchor">[241]</a>. In them these organs wear much the appearance of <i>gills</i>. In the different species they vary both in their number and structure. With regard to their number, some have @@ -2210,8 +2169,8 @@ present to the admiring physiologist very beautiful forms<a name="FNanchor_242_242" id="FNanchor_242_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_242_242" class="fnanchor">[242]</a>. They usually consist of two branches, but occasionally are single, with one part folding over the other, as in one figured by Reaumur, which precisely resembles -the leaf of some plant, the air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i> in connexion -with the <i>tracheæ</i> branching and traversing it in +the leaf of some plant, the air-vessels or <i>bronchiæ</i> in connexion +with the <i>tracheæ</i> branching and traversing it in all directions, like the veins of leaves<a name="FNanchor_243_243" id="FNanchor_243_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_243_243" class="fnanchor">[243]</a>. The double ones<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> differ in form. In the larva and pupa of <i>Ephemera vulgata</i> there are <i>six</i> of these double false gills on each side @@ -2231,7 +2190,7 @@ leaf, with veins branching from it on each side<a name="FNanchor_245_245" id="FN name no more, in <i>E. fusco-grisea</i>, one branch represents the leaf of a <i>Begonia</i>, the sides not being symmetrical, with its veins, while the other consists only of numerous -branching filaments<a name="FNanchor_246_246" id="FNanchor_246_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_246" class="fnanchor">[246]</a>. In other aquatic larvæ, as in that +branching filaments<a name="FNanchor_246_246" id="FNanchor_246_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_246_246" class="fnanchor">[246]</a>. In other aquatic larvæ, as in that of the common May-fly (<i>Sialis lutaria</i>), these appendages consist of several joints<a name="FNanchor_247_247" id="FNanchor_247_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_247_247" class="fnanchor">[247]</a>.</p> @@ -2247,23 +2206,23 @@ the water. In many species, when in repose, they are laid upon the back of the animal<a name="FNanchor_249_249" id="FNanchor_249_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_249_249" class="fnanchor">[249]</a>, but in others they are not<a name="FNanchor_250_250" id="FNanchor_250_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_250_250" class="fnanchor">[250]</a>.</p> -<p>The larvæ of the <i>Agrionidæ</i> appear to respire like -those of the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, &c. by means of long foliaceous -laminæ or false gills filled with air-vessels; but instead +<p>The larvæ of the <i>Agrionidæ</i> appear to respire like +those of the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, &c. by means of long foliaceous +laminæ or false gills filled with air-vessels; but instead of being <i>ventral</i>, they proceed from the <i>anus</i>. They are three in number, one dorsal and two lateral, perpendicular to the horizon, of a lanceolate shape, beautifully veined, with a longitudinal middle nervure, from which others diverge towards the margin, which are probably -<i>bronchiæ</i>. They are used by the animal, which swims +<i>bronchiæ</i>. They are used by the animal, which swims like a fish, as fins, but it does not appear to imbibe the -water like the other <i>Libellulinæ</i>, nor to propel itself by +water like the other <i>Libellulinæ</i>, nor to propel itself by ejecting it,—a circumstance which furnishes an additional argument for the more received opinion, that this action in them is for the purpose of respiration as much as for motion<a name="FNanchor_251_251" id="FNanchor_251_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_251_251" class="fnanchor">[251]</a>.</p> -<p>The larvæ and pupæ of the <i>Libellulinæ</i>, receive the +<p>The larvæ and pupæ of the <i>Libellulinæ</i>, receive the water and air that they respire by a large anal aperture, which is closed at the will of the animal by five hard, moveable, triangular, concavo-convex pieces, all very @@ -2298,10 +2257,10 @@ fact in another moth.</p> <p>II. Having considered the <i>external</i> respiratory organs of insects, by which the air is <i>received</i>, we are next to consider the <i>internal</i> ones, by which it is <i>distributed</i>. -These are <i>gills</i>; <i>tracheæ</i> and <i>bronchiæ</i>; and <i>sacs</i> or +These are <i>gills</i>; <i>tracheæ</i> and <i>bronchiæ</i>; and <i>sacs</i> or <i>pouches</i><a name="FNanchor_256_256" id="FNanchor_256_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_256_256" class="fnanchor">[256]</a>.</p> -<p>i. Gills (<i>Branchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_257_257" id="FNanchor_257_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_257" class="fnanchor">[257]</a>). Having lately described what<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> +<p>i. Gills (<i>Branchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_257_257" id="FNanchor_257_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_257_257" class="fnanchor">[257]</a>). Having lately described what<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> may be denominated <i>false</i> gills, or branchiform appendages, I shall now call your attention to what may be denominated <i>true</i> ones, which are peculiar to the <i>Arachnida</i> @@ -2313,7 +2272,7 @@ those of fishes.</p> <p>In the <i>Scorpion</i>, on each side of the four first ventral segments a spiracle may be discovered, which has no <i>lip</i> as in other insects, but is merely a circular <i>orifice</i>. -These orifices do not lead to <i>tracheæ</i> or <i>vesicles</i>, but to +These orifices do not lead to <i>tracheæ</i> or <i>vesicles</i>, but to <i>true gills</i>, which are situated below a muscular web which clothes the internal surface of the crust. Each gill consists of many semicircular very thin plates, of a dead @@ -2336,38 +2295,38 @@ laminated structure shows itself very clearly in old specimens, and in such as have been immersed in boiling water<a name="FNanchor_259_259" id="FNanchor_259_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_259_259" class="fnanchor">[259]</a>.</p> -<p>ii. <i>Tracheæ</i> and <i>Bronchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_260_260" id="FNanchor_260_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_260" class="fnanchor">[260]</a>. Parallel with each side +<p>ii. <i>Tracheæ</i> and <i>Bronchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_260_260" id="FNanchor_260_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_260_260" class="fnanchor">[260]</a>. Parallel with each side of the body of most <i>insects</i> and extending its whole length, run <i>two</i> cylindrical tubes<a name="FNanchor_261_261" id="FNanchor_261_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_261_261" class="fnanchor">[261]</a>, which communicate with the spiracles<a name="FNanchor_262_262" id="FNanchor_262_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_262_262" class="fnanchor">[262]</a>, and from which issue, at points opposite to those organs, other tubes which ramify <i>ad infinitum</i>, and are distributed to every part of the body<a name="FNanchor_263_263" id="FNanchor_263_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_263_263" class="fnanchor">[263]</a>. -The first of these tubes are called the <i>tracheæ</i> and the -latter the <i>bronchiæ</i>. This structure appears, however, +The first of these tubes are called the <i>tracheæ</i> and the +latter the <i>bronchiæ</i>. This structure appears, however, not to be universal: it is to be found in caterpillars and -many <i>Dipterous</i> larvæ; but in that of the rhinoceros-beetle -and other Lamellicorns, the <i>bronchiæ</i> branch <i>directly</i> +many <i>Dipterous</i> larvæ; but in that of the rhinoceros-beetle +and other Lamellicorns, the <i>bronchiæ</i> branch <i>directly</i> from the spiracle, the bottom or interior mouth of which is lined by a membrane from which they proceed<a href="#Footnote_263_263" class="fnanchor">[263]</a>: something similar has been observed to take place in many insects in other states, as the common cockchafer<a name="FNanchor_264_264" id="FNanchor_264_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_264_264" class="fnanchor">[264]</a>; in the pupa of <i>Smerinthus Populi</i><a name="FNanchor_265_265" id="FNanchor_265_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_265_265" class="fnanchor">[265]</a>; in the -<i>Cicadæ</i><a name="FNanchor_266_266" id="FNanchor_266_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_266" class="fnanchor">[266]</a>; in the Locust tribe<a name="FNanchor_267_267" id="FNanchor_267_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_267" class="fnanchor">[267]</a>; and many others. In +<i>Cicadæ</i><a name="FNanchor_266_266" id="FNanchor_266_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_266_266" class="fnanchor">[266]</a>; in the Locust tribe<a name="FNanchor_267_267" id="FNanchor_267_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_267_267" class="fnanchor">[267]</a>; and many others. In the <i>Cossus</i>, or larva of the great goat-moth, the <i>trachea</i> commences with the first spiracle, and finishes a little beyond the last, after which it diminishes considerably -in diameter, and terminates in several branches or <i>bronchiæ</i>, +in diameter, and terminates in several branches or <i>bronchiæ</i>, which proceed to the anal extremity of the body<a name="FNanchor_268_268" id="FNanchor_268_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_268_268" class="fnanchor">[268]</a>. -The <i>bronchiæ</i> which originate from the <i>tracheæ</i> in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> +The <i>bronchiæ</i> which originate from the <i>tracheæ</i> in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> vicinity of each spiracle, may be considered as consisting in general of <i>three</i> packets;—<i>dorsal</i> ones, which are distributed to the back and sides of the animal; <i>visceral</i> ones, which enter the cavity of the body, and are lost amongst the viscera and the caul; and <i>ventral</i> ones, -which dipping from the <i>tracheæ</i> overrun the lower part +which dipping from the <i>tracheæ</i> overrun the lower part of the sides and belly<a name="FNanchor_269_269" id="FNanchor_269_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_269_269" class="fnanchor">[269]</a>.</p> -<p>The <i>tracheæ</i> and <i>bronchiæ</i> consist of <i>three</i> tunics<a name="FNanchor_270_270" id="FNanchor_270_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_270_270" class="fnanchor">[270]</a>: the +<p>The <i>tracheæ</i> and <i>bronchiæ</i> consist of <i>three</i> tunics<a name="FNanchor_270_270" id="FNanchor_270_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_270_270" class="fnanchor">[270]</a>: the <i>first</i> or external one is a thickish membrane, strengthened by a vast number of fibres or vessels, which form round it a number of irregular circles; the <i>second</i> is a @@ -2377,9 +2336,9 @@ thread running in a spiral direction, which may be easily unwound<a name="FNanchor_272_272" id="FNanchor_272_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_272_272" class="fnanchor">[272]</a>. This structure gives a great elasticity to these organs, so that they are capable of considerable tension, after which they return to their usual length<a name="FNanchor_273_273" id="FNanchor_273_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_273_273" class="fnanchor">[273]</a>. -The <i>Bronchiæ</i> are cylindrical or slightly conical, insensibly +The <i>Bronchiæ</i> are cylindrical or slightly conical, insensibly diminishing in size as they leave the trunk, in which -they originate. In larvæ, after losing their spiral fibre, +they originate. In larvæ, after losing their spiral fibre, they appear to terminate in membrane, but in perfect insects they pass into vesicles<a name="FNanchor_274_274" id="FNanchor_274_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_274_274" class="fnanchor">[274]</a>. In the <i>Cossus</i> the <i>trachea</i> is flattened, and in every segment, except the first and @@ -2411,30 +2370,30 @@ the larger tubes soon turn brown, but the finer ones preserve their lustre several weeks<a name="FNanchor_276_276" id="FNanchor_276_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_276_276" class="fnanchor">[276]</a>. The ramifications of the tracheal tree may be seen without dissection through the transparent skin of the common louse<a name="FNanchor_277_277" id="FNanchor_277_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_277_277" class="fnanchor">[277]</a> and most of -the thin skinned larvæ.</p> +the thin skinned larvæ.</p> <p>You will not expect to view in this way the minuter -ramifications of the <i>bronchiæ</i>, when I have mentioned +ramifications of the <i>bronchiæ</i>, when I have mentioned their number and incredible smallness. Nothing but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> the scalpel of a Lyonet and the most powerful lenses are adequate to trace the extremities of these vessels; and even with every help, they at last become so inconceivably slender as to elude the most piercing sight. -That illustrious anatomist found that the two <i>tracheæ</i> of +That illustrious anatomist found that the two <i>tracheæ</i> of the larva of the <i>Cossus</i> gave birth to 236 bronchial tubes, and that these ramify into no less than 1336 smaller tubes, -to which, if 232, the number of the detached bronchiæ, +to which, if 232, the number of the detached bronchiæ, be added, the whole will amount to 1804 branches<a name="FNanchor_278_278" id="FNanchor_278_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_278_278" class="fnanchor">[278]</a>. Surprising as this number may appear, it is not greater than we may readily conceive to be necessary for communicating with so many different parts. For, like the arterial and venous trees, which convey and return the blood to and from every part of the body in vertebrate -animals, the <i>bronchiæ</i> are not only carried along the intestines +animals, the <i>bronchiæ</i> are not only carried along the intestines and spinal marrow, each ganglion of which they penetrate and fill, but they are distributed also to the skin and every organ of the body, entering and traversing -the legs and wings, the eyes, antennæ, and palpi, and +the legs and wings, the eyes, antennæ, and palpi, and accompanying the most minute nerves through their whole course<a name="FNanchor_279_279" id="FNanchor_279_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_279_279" class="fnanchor">[279]</a>. How essential to the existence of the animal must the element be that is thus anxiously conveyed @@ -2443,22 +2402,22 @@ every minute part and portion of it! Upon considering this wonderful apparatus we may well exclaim, <i>This hath <span class="smcap">God</span> wrought, and this is the work of his hands</i>.</p> -<p>Though in general there is only a <i>pair</i> of <i>tracheæ</i>, yet -in some larvæ a larger number have been discovered.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> -In those of the <i>Libellulinæ</i> there are <i>six</i>. According to +<p>Though in general there is only a <i>pair</i> of <i>tracheæ</i>, yet +in some larvæ a larger number have been discovered.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> +In those of the <i>Libellulinæ</i> there are <i>six</i>. According to M. Cuvier, Reaumur, who mentions only <i>four</i>, overlooked the two lateral ones that are connected with the spiracles<a name="FNanchor_280_280" id="FNanchor_280_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_280_280" class="fnanchor">[280]</a>. The reason of this and other parts of their internal structure I shall explain under the next head. In the grub of the gad-flies of the horse (<i>Gasterophili</i>,) -Mr. B. Clark discovered <i>eight</i> longitudinal <i>tracheæ</i>,—<i>six</i> +Mr. B. Clark discovered <i>eight</i> longitudinal <i>tracheæ</i>,—<i>six</i> arranged in a circle and <i>two</i> minute ones, which appeared to him to terminate in a pair of external nipples (spiracles) in the neck of the animal<a name="FNanchor_281_281" id="FNanchor_281_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_281_281" class="fnanchor">[281]</a>. This is a singular anomaly, -as the other <i>Œstridæ</i> have only a <i>pair</i> of <i>tracheæ</i><a name="FNanchor_282_282" id="FNanchor_282_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_282_282" class="fnanchor">[282]</a>.</p> +as the other <i>Œstridæ</i> have only a <i>pair</i> of <i>tracheæ</i><a name="FNanchor_282_282" id="FNanchor_282_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_282_282" class="fnanchor">[282]</a>.</p> -<p>iii. <i>Respiratory Sacs or Pouches.</i> Besides their <i>tracheæ</i> -and <i>bronchiæ</i>, many insects are furnished with reservoirs +<p>iii. <i>Respiratory Sacs or Pouches.</i> Besides their <i>tracheæ</i> +and <i>bronchiæ</i>, many insects are furnished with reservoirs for the air, under the form of sacs, pouches, or vesicles. These are commonly formed by the bronchial tubes being dilated at intervals, especially in the abdomen, into @@ -2480,7 +2439,7 @@ appears to be almost filled with them. Not being composed of cartilaginous rings like the air-tubes, but of mere membrane, if a pin pierces one, the air that inflates it escapes, and it collapses. In the larva of a little gnat -(<i>Corethra culiciformis</i>) the <i>tracheæ</i> appear to proceed +(<i>Corethra culiciformis</i>) the <i>tracheæ</i> appear to proceed from a pair of oblong vesicles of considerable size<a name="FNanchor_286_286" id="FNanchor_286_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_286_286" class="fnanchor">[286]</a> in the trunk, and towards the anus they form two other smaller ones<a name="FNanchor_287_287" id="FNanchor_287_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_287_287" class="fnanchor">[287]</a>,—upon piercing the former, De Geer observed @@ -2491,13 +2450,13 @@ by Reaumur, exhibits something similar<a name="FNanchor_289_289" id="FNanchor_28 <p>But one of the most remarkable structures, in this respect, is to be seen in the larva and pupa of the dragon-flies (<i>Libellulina</i>). I have before noticed the <i>number</i> of -their <i>tracheæ</i>, but I shall here describe their whole internal +their <i>tracheæ</i>, but I shall here describe their whole internal respiratory apparatus. I must observe that <i>Reaumur</i>, <i>Cuvier</i>, and most modern writers on the physiological department of Entomology, have affirmed that they respire the <i>water</i>, and that they receive it for that purpose at their anal extremity: but M. Sprengel, from -having observed in the larvæ abdominal spiracles, is unwilling +having observed in the larvæ abdominal spiracles, is unwilling to admit this as a fact<a name="FNanchor_290_290" id="FNanchor_290_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_290_290" class="fnanchor">[290]</a>; and De Geer also seems to hesitate upon it, especially as he discovered that the animal seemed to absorb the water to aid it in its <i>motions</i><a name="FNanchor_291_291" id="FNanchor_291_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_291_291" class="fnanchor">[291]</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> @@ -2521,22 +2480,22 @@ that enters by it. When the water is to be expelled, the whole mass of air-vessels which had receded towards the trunk, is pushed forwards, and forms a piston that again expels the water in a jet. It consists of an infinite -number of <i>bronchiæ</i>, entangled with each other, which -proceed from the middle and posterior end of the <i>tracheæ</i>. +number of <i>bronchiæ</i>, entangled with each other, which +proceed from the middle and posterior end of the <i>tracheæ</i>. M. Cuvier in the interior of the <i>rectum</i> of the larva discovered twelve longitudinal rows of little black spots, in pairs, which exhibited the resemblance of six pinnated leaves. These are minute conical tubes, of the spiral -structure of <i>tracheæ</i>, which decompose the water, and +structure of <i>tracheæ</i>, which decompose the water, and absorb the air contained in it. He also discovered that each of these tubes gave birth to another outside the <i>rectum</i>, which connected itself with one of the six great -longitudinal <i>tracheæ</i>; two of which are of enormous size,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> +longitudinal <i>tracheæ</i>; two of which are of enormous size,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> and appear to serve as reservoirs, since they furnish air by transverse branches to two other tubes; they have each a recurrent branch, which follows the course of the -intestinal canal, and furnishes it with an infinity of <i>bronchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_293_293" id="FNanchor_293_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_293_293" class="fnanchor">[293]</a>. -These <i>tracheæ</i> are found in the perfect insect. +intestinal canal, and furnishes it with an infinity of <i>bronchiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_293_293" id="FNanchor_293_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_293_293" class="fnanchor">[293]</a>. +These <i>tracheæ</i> are found in the perfect insect. The principal ones in some send forth many branches, terminating in vesicles, which in shape resemble the seed-vessels of some species of <i>Thlaspi</i>, while others appear @@ -2562,15 +2521,15 @@ channeled vesicle I have found under the lateral angles of the <i>collar</i> in the humble-bee, where Chabrier supposes the vocal spiracles are situate; and also at the mouth of the spiracles of the <i>metathorax</i> in <i>Vespa</i>, &c.<a name="FNanchor_296_296" id="FNanchor_296_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_296_296" class="fnanchor">[296]</a> In <i>Sphinx</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> -<i>Ligustri</i> the <i>bronchiæ</i> terminate in oblong vesiculoso-cellular -bodies, almost like lungs<a name="FNanchor_297_297" id="FNanchor_297_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_297_297" class="fnanchor">[297]</a>; in <i>Smerinthus Tiliæ</i> +<i>Ligustri</i> the <i>bronchiæ</i> terminate in oblong vesiculoso-cellular +bodies, almost like lungs<a name="FNanchor_297_297" id="FNanchor_297_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_297_297" class="fnanchor">[297]</a>; in <i>Smerinthus Tiliæ</i> these are preceded by a simple vesicle bound with spiral fibres<a name="FNanchor_298_298" id="FNanchor_298_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_298_298" class="fnanchor">[298]</a>. M. Chabrier thinks that these air-bladders of insects, amongst other functions, give more fixity and force to the muscles for flight<a name="FNanchor_299_299" id="FNanchor_299_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_299_299" class="fnanchor">[299]</a>.</p> <p>Many physiologists have seen an analogy between the -<i>spiral</i> vessels of <i>plants</i> and the <i>tracheæ</i> of <i>insects</i>; and +<i>spiral</i> vessels of <i>plants</i> and the <i>tracheæ</i> of <i>insects</i>; and some of great name, as Comparetti, Decandolle, and Kieser, have thought that in some instances they terminated in the <i>oscula</i> or cortical pores: but Sprengel contends @@ -2618,7 +2577,7 @@ saw the air-bubbles issue—the <i>upper</i> one he conjectures receives the air<a name="FNanchor_308_308" id="FNanchor_308_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_308_308" class="fnanchor">[308]</a>. As the only communication that this grub has with the atmosphere is by its <i>posterior</i> extremity, it follows, reasoning from analogy, that the anterior -respiratory plates of Dipterous larvæ, which may be +respiratory plates of Dipterous larvæ, which may be regarded as representing the spiracles of the trunk in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> insects in general, are destined for the escape of the air, after it has parted with its oxygen, received by the anal @@ -2676,7 +2635,7 @@ weight of the body by the centrifugal ascending force<a name="FNanchor_316_316" In the majority of insects perhaps the dilatation of the abdomen takes place by the recession of the segments from each other by means of the elastic ligaments that -connect them; in others, as the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, <i>Galeodes</i>, &c. +connect them; in others, as the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, <i>Galeodes</i>, &c. by the longitudinal folded membrane that unites the dorsal<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> and ventral segments—in the <i>Libellulina</i> by similar <i>ventral</i> folds; and in <i>Cimbex</i> by membranous pieces in @@ -2686,13 +2645,13 @@ elevated and depressed at the will of the animal<a name="FNanchor_317_317" id="F <p>Air is as essential to insects in their <i>pupa</i> as in their <i>larva</i> or <i>perfect</i> states. Lyonet, however, Musschenbroek, Martinet, and some other physiologists, have -doubted whether <i>quiescent</i> pupæ breathed<a name="FNanchor_318_318" id="FNanchor_318_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_318_318" class="fnanchor">[318]</a>; but Reaumur +doubted whether <i>quiescent</i> pupæ breathed<a name="FNanchor_318_318" id="FNanchor_318_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_318_318" class="fnanchor">[318]</a>; but Reaumur and De Geer seem to have proved that they do<a name="FNanchor_319_319" id="FNanchor_319_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_319_319" class="fnanchor">[319]</a>: and if thrown into water, the same proof of respiration, by the emission and retraction of a bubble of air takes -place, as in the larvæ; and De Geer found that if one +place, as in the larvæ; and De Geer found that if one be transferred under water from one spiracle to another, -it will be absorbed by it<a name="FNanchor_320_320" id="FNanchor_320_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_320_320" class="fnanchor">[320]</a>. Indeed, unless these pupæ +it will be absorbed by it<a name="FNanchor_320_320" id="FNanchor_320_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_320_320" class="fnanchor">[320]</a>. Indeed, unless these pupæ had breathed, where would have been the necessity for the spiracles with which all are furnished? It is remarkable, however, that all these spiracles do not seem of @@ -2700,13 +2659,13 @@ equal importance in this respect. Reaumur found that if the <i>posterior</i> spiracles only were closed with oil, the insect suffered no injury; but that if the <i>anterior</i> ones were similarly treated, it infallibly died<a name="FNanchor_321_321" id="FNanchor_321_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_321_321" class="fnanchor">[321]</a>. The respiration -however of pupæ seems more perfect in those that +however of pupæ seems more perfect in those that have recently assumed that state, than in those that are more advanced towards the imago; in which at first, from Reaumur's experiments<a name="FNanchor_322_322" id="FNanchor_322_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_322_322" class="fnanchor">[322]</a>, it appears that the posterior spiracles were stopped; and in others still older, from Musschenbroek's<a name="FNanchor_323_323" id="FNanchor_323_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_323_323" class="fnanchor">[323]</a>, even the anterior ones. Those quiescent -pupæ that during that state remain <i>submerged</i>, respire<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> +pupæ that during that state remain <i>submerged</i>, respire<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> air. De Geer has given an interesting record of this, in the case of <i>Hydrocampa stratiotata</i>. This insect spins a double cocoon, the outer one thin, and the inner @@ -2731,7 +2690,7 @@ of this, however, by no means holds; for it not unfrequently happens that the two latter breathe by means of lateral spiracles, though they received the air in their larva state by an apparatus altogether different. Thus -the larvæ of many <i>Diptera</i> breathe by an anal tube, while +the larvæ of many <i>Diptera</i> breathe by an anal tube, while the pupa and imago follow the general system. Sometimes a tribe of insects breathe by an apparatus quite different in all their states, as we have seen to be the case @@ -2742,7 +2701,7 @@ and the <i>ordinary</i> lateral <i>spiracles</i> in its <i>third</i>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p> <p>Changes also take place in their <i>internal</i> organs. In -the larvæ the respiratory apparatus, especially the tracheal +the larvæ the respiratory apparatus, especially the tracheal tubes, is often much larger and more ramified than in the imago; and as the former is the principal <i>feeding</i> state, there seems good ground for Mr. B. Clark's opinion—that @@ -2781,14 +2740,14 @@ are deposited, may probably, from Count Rumford's experiments, be of utility in the same point of view. In the case of the <i>Trichoptera</i> and other insects<a name="FNanchor_332_332" id="FNanchor_332_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_332_332" class="fnanchor">[332]</a> whose eggs are dropped into the water enveloped in a mass of -jelly, this substance perhaps serves for aërating the included +jelly, this substance perhaps serves for aërating the included embryo, in the same way with the jelly surrounding the eggs of the frog, dog-fish, &c. It would be desirable to ascertain whether the former jelly be of the same nature as the experiments of Mr. Brande have shown the latter to be<a name="FNanchor_333_333" id="FNanchor_333_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_333_333" class="fnanchor">[333]</a>. It is not improbable that the singular rays that terminate the eggs of <i>Nepa</i><a name="FNanchor_334_334" id="FNanchor_334_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_334_334" class="fnanchor">[334]</a> may in -some way be connected with the aëration of the egg.</p> +some way be connected with the aëration of the egg.</p> <p>To what I have before remarked with regard to the <i>vital heat</i> of insects<a name="FNanchor_335_335" id="FNanchor_335_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_335_335" class="fnanchor">[335]</a>, I may under this head very properly @@ -2798,17 +2757,17 @@ they inhabit, but that bees, and perhaps other gregarious ones, furnish an exception to this rule<a name="FNanchor_336_336" id="FNanchor_336_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_336_336" class="fnanchor">[336]</a>. A confirmation of this remark is afforded by Inch, a German<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> writer, who, upon putting a thermometer into a bee-hive -in winter, found it stand 27° higher than in the open air; -in an anthill, he found it 6° or 7° higher; in a vessel +in winter, found it stand 27° higher than in the open air; +in an anthill, he found it 6° or 7° higher; in a vessel containing many blister-beetles (<i>Cantharis vesicatoria</i>,) -4° or 5° higher. A thermometer, standing in the air at -14° R., put into a glass vessel with <i>Acrida viridissima</i>, -in nine minutes rose to 17°, and a similar result was observed +4° or 5° higher. A thermometer, standing in the air at +14° R., put into a glass vessel with <i>Acrida viridissima</i>, +in nine minutes rose to 17°, and a similar result was observed with respect to other insects<a name="FNanchor_337_337" id="FNanchor_337_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_337_337" class="fnanchor">[337]</a>. Dr. Martine says that caterpillars have but two degrees of heat above that of the air they live in<a name="FNanchor_338_338" id="FNanchor_338_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_338_338" class="fnanchor">[338]</a>. Coleopterous insects are said to move slowly and with difficulty when the thermometer -sinks to 36°, to become torpid at 34°, and to lose muscular +sinks to 36°, to become torpid at 34°, and to lose muscular irritability at a lower degree<a name="FNanchor_339_339" id="FNanchor_339_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_339_339" class="fnanchor">[339]</a>. I have before observed that some insects will bear to be frozen into an icicle, and yet survive<a name="FNanchor_340_340" id="FNanchor_340_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_340_340" class="fnanchor">[340]</a>: they share this power with @@ -2832,7 +2791,7 @@ brought into contact with the atmosphere. Reaumur found this to be the case with bees<a name="FNanchor_342_342" id="FNanchor_342_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_342_342" class="fnanchor">[342]</a>; and Swammerdam tells us that the maggot of the cheese-fly (<i>Tyrophaga Casei</i>) lived six or seven days in rain-water<a name="FNanchor_343_343" id="FNanchor_343_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_343_343" class="fnanchor">[343]</a>: he found it so -difficult to kill the larva of <i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>, which +difficult to kill the larva of <i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>, which he first immersed twenty-four hours in spirits of wine, and then put them several days in water, without killing them,—that he lost his patience, and dissected them @@ -2852,12 +2811,12 @@ One exception to this law has been before mentioned<a name="FNanchor_346_346" id a similar contrivance secures the cheese-maggot from having its respiration interrupted by its moist and greasy food; the grub also of <i>Sarcophaga carnaria</i>, -and of other <i>Muscidæ</i> probably, has its posterior spiracles +and of other <i>Muscidæ</i> probably, has its posterior spiracles placed in a plate at the bottom of a kind of fleshy pouch, which has the shape of a hollow, truncated, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> reversed cone. This pouch the grub can close whenever it pleases, so as to cover its spiracles<a name="FNanchor_347_347" id="FNanchor_347_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_347_347" class="fnanchor">[347]</a>. And numerous -other larvæ, both of <i>Diptera</i> and <i>Coleoptera</i> +other larvæ, both of <i>Diptera</i> and <i>Coleoptera</i> that devour unclean and oily food, have doubtless some protection of this kind for their spiracles and respiratory plates.</p> @@ -2956,11 +2915,11 @@ striking contractions<a name="FNanchor_361_361" id="FNanchor_361_361"></a><a hre I shall merely call it the <i>dorsal vessel</i> (<i>Pseudo-cardia</i>). When carefully taken out of the body it is found to be a membranous tube, appearing to be closed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> -at each end<a name="FNanchor_362_362" id="FNanchor_362_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_362_362" class="fnanchor">[362]</a>, in many larvæ of equal diameter every +at each end<a name="FNanchor_362_362" id="FNanchor_362_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_362_362" class="fnanchor">[362]</a>, in many larvæ of equal diameter every where, but in perfect insects usually widest at the <i>anal</i> extremity<a name="FNanchor_363_363" id="FNanchor_363_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_363_363" class="fnanchor">[363]</a>, and attenuated into a very slender filament towards the head. In some insects, however, as in the -larva of the chamæleon-fly (<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>), it is +larva of the chamæleon-fly (<i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>), it is attenuated at <i>both</i> ends, and in the <i>Ephemera</i> is alternately constricted and dilated as Malpighi describes that of the silkworm<a name="FNanchor_364_364" id="FNanchor_364_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_364_364" class="fnanchor">[364]</a>, a dilated portion belonging to each @@ -2983,7 +2942,7 @@ a fluid is derived from the dorsal vessel to the spinal marrow. He likewise describes a large nerve as passing through it and becoming recurrent<a name="FNanchor_370_370" id="FNanchor_370_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_370_370" class="fnanchor">[370]</a>. Carus, as we shall soon see, has also proved that this tube is not -closed in larvæ.</p> +closed in larvæ.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p> @@ -3036,11 +2995,11 @@ anatomist should have been deceived, especially upon a point which would naturally excite his most earnest and undivided attention. Without this <i>recorded</i> experiment, perhaps, it might be thought, though this was very unlikely, -that he had mistaken <i>bronchiæ</i> for veins and arteries: +that he had mistaken <i>bronchiæ</i> for veins and arteries: but how could they have been <i>injected</i> from the supposed heart? Another great physiologist, Reaumur, in the caterpillar of the saw-fly of the rose (<i>Hylotoma -Rosæ</i>) observed, besides the <i>dorsal</i> vessel, a <i>ventral</i> one +Rosæ</i>) observed, besides the <i>dorsal</i> vessel, a <i>ventral</i> one of similar form, in which also was a pulsation, but slower than that of the other. This he supposes may be the principal trunk of the veins<a name="FNanchor_375_375" id="FNanchor_375_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_375_375" class="fnanchor">[375]</a>. Bonnet thought he discovered @@ -3077,7 +3036,7 @@ those which may be urged for the more modern opinion—that no circulation exists in insects, properly so called,—appear to have still greater weight. Lyonet, whose piercing eye and skilful hand traced the course of -so many hundred nerves and <i>bronchiæ</i> long after they +so many hundred nerves and <i>bronchiæ</i> long after they became invisible to the unassisted eye, and which were a thousand times smaller than the principal blood-vessels, opening into so large an organ as the supposed heart of @@ -3148,17 +3107,17 @@ of 1826; and an abstract of their results presented to the Union of German Naturalists and Physicians, which then held its meeting at Dresden, many of the members of which, as MM. Oken, Husche, Heyne, -Purkinje, Otto, Weber, and Müller, had ocular proofs +Purkinje, Otto, Weber, and Müller, had ocular proofs of the reality of the phenomena.</p> <p>His first observations were made on the larva of <i>Agrion -Puella</i>, which swims by means of three vertical laminæ +Puella</i>, which swims by means of three vertical laminæ attached to the tail; which, when the wings first appear as rudiments, begin to be exsiccated and are finally detached. -Each of these laminæ, in its natural vertical +Each of these laminæ, in its natural vertical position, presents an inferior abdominal and a superior -dorsal edge, has two tracheæ running along its centre -with ramifying bronchiæ, and consists of granular substance +dorsal edge, has two tracheæ running along its centre +with ramifying bronchiæ, and consists of granular substance contained between two strata of the external integuments. A current of blood-globules enters each<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> lamina somewhat nearer to its abdominal than to its @@ -3168,7 +3127,7 @@ the body, somewhat nearer to the dorsal than to the abdominal margin of the lamina. The channel thus formed in the midst of the granular substance is perfectly transparent, except where it is occupied by the blood-globules, -or crossed by the bronchiæ. The parietes of the channel +or crossed by the bronchiæ. The parietes of the channel are not strictly defined, nor formed by any thing like the coats of a vessel, the blood circulating through the granular <i>Parenchyma</i>; a circumstance however which is @@ -3188,16 +3147,16 @@ although its velocity is accelerated at regular intervals; and that not only in the excurrent (<i>arterial</i>), but also in the recurrent (<i>venous</i>) part of its course through the lamina. When the animal becomes exhausted, or the -laminæ exsiccated, the circulation is interrupted, and in +laminæ exsiccated, the circulation is interrupted, and in the same manner, as under the same circumstances, in -the larvæ of frogs and lizards; the disturbance displaying +the larvæ of frogs and lizards; the disturbance displaying itself not merely by a cessation of the process, but also<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> by retrograde movements of the currents, or by oscillatory motions of the blood-globules.</p> <p>In proportion as the wings are developed, the circulation -in the laminæ diminishes, and ultimately ceases, preparatory -to the detachment of the laminæ themselves. +in the laminæ diminishes, and ultimately ceases, preparatory +to the detachment of the laminæ themselves. At the same time, however, it presents itself under a new form in the wings. In these the excurrent or arterial stream takes its course along the inner margin of the @@ -3206,7 +3165,7 @@ outer; whilst, occasionally, other transverse currents take their course through the net-work of the wing from its inner to its outer margin. As the wings are further developed, the circulation in them, like that in the caudal -laminæ, gradually becomes weaker and ultimately +laminæ, gradually becomes weaker and ultimately ceases<a name="FNanchor_395_395" id="FNanchor_395_395"></a><a href="#Footnote_395_395" class="fnanchor">[395]</a>.</p> <p>The next observations were made on the transparent @@ -3217,7 +3176,7 @@ were propagated towards the anterior; these two divisions of that vessel appearing to bear to each other the relation of a <i>heart</i> and <i>aorta</i>. There were no traces of other vessels, though regular and rapid currents of blood-globules, -exterior to the tracheæ, proceeded from the head +exterior to the tracheæ, proceeded from the head towards the posterior extremity of the body, where each of these currents entered the heart, which again propelled its contents with accelerated velocity through the anterior @@ -3230,13 +3189,13 @@ the mode of <i>anastomosis</i>. An excurrent and returning current were also traced to each of the legs<a name="FNanchor_396_396" id="FNanchor_396_396"></a><a href="#Footnote_396_396" class="fnanchor">[396]</a>. But the phenomena of the circulation was most distinctly visible in the larva of <i>Ephemera vulgata</i>, even more distinctly than -it is possible to trace it in the larvæ of frogs and newts. +it is possible to trace it in the larvæ of frogs and newts. In this animal the circulation, with the help of the microscope, is at once visible in the three last segments of the body; and with a little attention is discoverable not only in -the three terminal <i>caudulæ</i>, and in the upper joints of the +the three terminal <i>caudulæ</i>, and in the upper joints of the legs, but also in the head, and particularly the roots of -the antennæ. In the posterior part of the body there +the antennæ. In the posterior part of the body there are on each side two currents of blood, not bounded by parietes, situate on each side of the intestinal canal, the inner one being the most considerable. The external @@ -3251,7 +3210,7 @@ flow posteriorly from the head, change their direction, and are inflected so as to enter the pulsating heart, from which the current again flows towards the head. Before they enter the heart they give off three streams, one for -each of the three <i>caudulæ</i>. The currents in these <i>caudulæ</i> +each of the three <i>caudulæ</i>. The currents in these <i>caudulæ</i> present the phenomena of the circulation with peculiar distinctness, and are particularly remarkable from the circumstance, that the excurrent and recurrent streams, @@ -3263,17 +3222,17 @@ being always somewhat more sluggish, and the first to stagnate and cease when the strength of the animal is impaired. In the anterior part of the head currents can be discovered, forming loops like those of the legs, -at the roots of the antennæ; each current proceeding +at the roots of the antennæ; each current proceeding from the cranial surface, and in returning taking its course towards the region of the larynx<a name="FNanchor_397_397" id="FNanchor_397_397"></a><a href="#Footnote_397_397" class="fnanchor">[397]</a>.</p> <p>M. Carus has likewise observed currents of blood in -the larvæ of water-beetles (<i>Hydrophilus</i> and <i>Dytiscus</i>)<a name="FNanchor_398_398" id="FNanchor_398_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_398_398" class="fnanchor">[398]</a>; +the larvæ of water-beetles (<i>Hydrophilus</i> and <i>Dytiscus</i>)<a name="FNanchor_398_398" id="FNanchor_398_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_398_398" class="fnanchor">[398]</a>; but at present he appears to have detected it in no terrestrial larva. Whether this is occasioned by their opacity, or it exists only in the ovum, as he seems to suspect<a name="FNanchor_399_399" id="FNanchor_399_399"></a><a href="#Footnote_399_399" class="fnanchor">[399]</a>, must be left for determination to future observers; it is -scarcely probable, however, that the larvæ of <i>Dytisci</i> and +scarcely probable, however, that the larvæ of <i>Dytisci</i> and <i>Hydrophili</i> should differ from other <i>Coleoptera</i> in their circulation.</p> @@ -3281,14 +3240,14 @@ circulation.</p> of a circulation in insects in their last state, except in the wings at their first development, were without success<a name="FNanchor_400_400" id="FNanchor_400_400"></a><a href="#Footnote_400_400" class="fnanchor">[400]</a>. He observes that the fact of the currents of -fluids in larvæ not being defined by vascular parietes, +fluids in larvæ not being defined by vascular parietes, enables us to comprehend the rapidity and facility with which the traces of the circulation are lost in the perfect insect. On the other hand, that the existence of a circulation at one period, and its cessation at another, elucidate many circumstances connected with the physiology of these animals: for instance, the contrast between the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> -rapid growth and transformations of the larvæ, and the +rapid growth and transformations of the larvæ, and the stationary existence of the imago, &c. Lastly he remarks, that the phenomena of this circulation do not throw any light on the obscure subject of the mode of nutrition @@ -3345,7 +3304,7 @@ of secondary heart, at the extremity next the trunk, for the purpose of causing the reflux. This illustrious author observed the above remarkable structure not only in the <i>Syrphi</i>, but in many of their affinities, and thinks -that it is also widely diffused amongst the <i>Muscidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_406_406" id="FNanchor_406_406"></a><a href="#Footnote_406_406" class="fnanchor">[406]</a>.</p> +that it is also widely diffused amongst the <i>Muscidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_406_406" id="FNanchor_406_406"></a><a href="#Footnote_406_406" class="fnanchor">[406]</a>.</p> <p>I must now say something upon what I conceive to be the real <i>blood</i> of insects; for I think no one will object @@ -3366,7 +3325,7 @@ to seek the air, the air goes to seek the blood<a name="FNanchor_408_408" id="FN dispersion of this fluid appears to be universal, so that all the parts and organs contain it in a greater or less degree<a name="FNanchor_409_409" id="FNanchor_409_409"></a><a href="#Footnote_409_409" class="fnanchor">[409]</a>. In many insects, if you break only an antenna -or a leg, a drop of fluid flows out at the wound. In larvæ, +or a leg, a drop of fluid flows out at the wound. In larvæ, the fluid which bathes<a name="FNanchor_410_410" id="FNanchor_410_410"></a><a href="#Footnote_410_410" class="fnanchor">[410]</a>, or visits, all the internal parts and organs is not only sufficient for their nutriment, but a large quantity of seemingly superfluous blood remains that @@ -3466,7 +3425,7 @@ canal quite different, according as we examine it in its larva or imago state; and all these variations have relations very exact, often easily estimable, with the temporary or constant mode of life of the animals in which it -is observable. Thus the voracious larvæ of the <i>Scarabæi</i> +is observable. Thus the voracious larvæ of the <i>Scarabæi</i> and butterflies have intestines ten times as large as the winged and sober insects—if I may use such an expression—to which they give birth<a name="FNanchor_418_418" id="FNanchor_418_418"></a><a href="#Footnote_418_418" class="fnanchor">[418]</a>."</p> @@ -3607,7 +3566,7 @@ of intestines next the stomach, and consist often of to the <i>duodenum</i>; it is found only in the Coleopterous genera <i>Silpha</i> L. and <i>Lampyris</i> L., and is distinguished from the succeeding intestine by being perfectly -smooth<a name="FNanchor_455_455" id="FNanchor_455_455"></a><a href="#Footnote_455_455" class="fnanchor">[455]</a>. Next follows the <i>thin intestine</i> (<i>Dünndarm</i>), +smooth<a name="FNanchor_455_455" id="FNanchor_455_455"></a><a href="#Footnote_455_455" class="fnanchor">[455]</a>. Next follows the <i>thin intestine</i> (<i>Dünndarm</i>), which in the above insects is wrinkled; it most commonly immediately follows the stomach. Sometimes it is wholly wanting, as in <i>Agrion</i>, the <i>Hemiptera</i><a name="FNanchor_456_456" id="FNanchor_456_456"></a><a href="#Footnote_456_456" class="fnanchor">[456]</a>, @@ -3620,7 +3579,7 @@ may in some cases be regarded as analogous to the <i>jejunum</i> in vertebrate animals. The third pair of the small intestines, which perhaps represents the <i>ileum</i>, Ramdohr distinguishes by the name of <i>club-shaped</i> -(<i>Keulförmigen Darm</i><a name="FNanchor_458_458" id="FNanchor_458_458"></a><a href="#Footnote_458_458" class="fnanchor">[458]</a>). It may generally be regarded +(<i>Keulförmigen Darm</i><a name="FNanchor_458_458" id="FNanchor_458_458"></a><a href="#Footnote_458_458" class="fnanchor">[458]</a>). It may generally be regarded as only a continuation of the former thickened at the end so as to resemble a club reversed. It is however sometimes <i>separated</i> from the thin intestine, as in <i>Cerambyx @@ -3629,7 +3588,7 @@ moschatus</i><a name="FNanchor_459_459" id="FNanchor_459_459"></a><a href="#Foot <p>4. The <i>large intestines</i> (<i>Intestina magna</i>) consist sometimes of two portions. The <i>thick intestine</i> (<i>Dicken-darm</i>), which may be regarded as a kind of <i>cœcum</i>, is -found only in the larvæ of the Lamellicorn beetles, but +found only in the larvæ of the Lamellicorn beetles, but never in the perfect insect. In shape it is oval and folded; whence it is thicker than the rest of the intestinal canal, and is constantly filled with excrement<a name="FNanchor_460_460" id="FNanchor_460_460"></a><a href="#Footnote_460_460" class="fnanchor">[460]</a>. The @@ -3695,7 +3654,7 @@ from each other<a name="FNanchor_479_479" id="FNanchor_479_479"></a><a href="#Fo connected with it by a common tube in which they all unite, as in the asparagus-beetle (<i>Lema Asparagi</i><a name="FNanchor_480_480" id="FNanchor_480_480"></a><a href="#Footnote_480_480" class="fnanchor">[480]</a>), and the mole-cricket (<i>Gryllotalpa vulgaris</i><a name="FNanchor_481_481" id="FNanchor_481_481"></a><a href="#Footnote_481_481" class="fnanchor">[481]</a>); in the house-fly -(<i>Musca domestica</i>), and other <i>Muscidæ</i>, each pair +(<i>Musca domestica</i>), and other <i>Muscidæ</i>, each pair unites so as to form a single branch on each side of the canal previously to their insertion<a name="FNanchor_482_482" id="FNanchor_482_482"></a><a href="#Footnote_482_482" class="fnanchor">[482]</a>; in the field-cricket (<i>Gryllus campestris</i>) they are all inserted in one spot<a name="FNanchor_483_483" id="FNanchor_483_483"></a><a href="#Footnote_483_483" class="fnanchor">[483]</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> @@ -3727,7 +3686,7 @@ their whole amount is constantly the product of the number two,—at least as far as they have been counted: and even when those on one side are not alike, a similar variation takes place in the other, as may be seen in <i>Galleruca -Vitellinæ</i>, where on each side are two long ones +Vitellinæ</i>, where on each side are two long ones and one shorter<a name="FNanchor_490_490" id="FNanchor_490_490"></a><a href="#Footnote_490_490" class="fnanchor">[490]</a>; the most usual numbers are, <i>four</i>—<i>six</i>—or <i>many</i>, that is, more than <i>twenty</i>—</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p> @@ -3761,7 +3720,7 @@ and one shorter<a name="FNanchor_490_490" id="FNanchor_490_490"></a><a href="#Fo <tr> <td class="c2"><i>Twenty</i></td> - <td class="c2">larva of <i>Clavellaria Amerinæ</i><a name="FNanchor_496_496" id="FNanchor_496_496"></a><a href="#Footnote_496_496" class="fnanchor">[496]</a>.</td> + <td class="c2">larva of <i>Clavellaria Amerinæ</i><a name="FNanchor_496_496" id="FNanchor_496_496"></a><a href="#Footnote_496_496" class="fnanchor">[496]</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -3796,7 +3755,7 @@ the <i>gullet</i> mostly widens at the base into a considerable pairs of <i>united</i> bile-vessels. The whole alimentary canal in these, is never less than <i>double</i>, and sometimes <i>treble</i> the length of the body<a name="FNanchor_500_500" id="FNanchor_500_500"></a><a href="#Footnote_500_500" class="fnanchor">[500]</a>. In the <i>carnivorous</i> beetles, at -least the <i>Staphylinidæ</i> and <i>Silphidæ</i>, there is little or no +least the <i>Staphylinidæ</i> and <i>Silphidæ</i>, there is little or no <i>crop</i>, and the <i>gizzard</i> is hidden: in the former, the whole length of the intestinal canal is not <i>twice</i>, while in the latter it is more than <i>four</i> times that of the body<a name="FNanchor_501_501" id="FNanchor_501_501"></a><a href="#Footnote_501_501" class="fnanchor">[501]</a>. In @@ -3850,7 +3809,7 @@ much longer<a name="FNanchor_516_516" id="FNanchor_516_516"></a><a href="#Footno naked; but in <i>Chrysomela violacea</i> it is covered with hemispherical prominences<a name="FNanchor_517_517" id="FNanchor_517_517"></a><a href="#Footnote_517_517" class="fnanchor">[517]</a>, and in <i>Chrysomela Populi</i> it is shaggy<a name="FNanchor_518_518" id="FNanchor_518_518"></a><a href="#Footnote_518_518" class="fnanchor">[518]</a>; in the insect last named and <i>Galleruca -Vitellinæ</i> the rectum consists of <i>two</i> pieces<a name="FNanchor_519_519" id="FNanchor_519_519"></a><a href="#Footnote_519_519" class="fnanchor">[519]</a>. In this +Vitellinæ</i> the rectum consists of <i>two</i> pieces<a name="FNanchor_519_519" id="FNanchor_519_519"></a><a href="#Footnote_519_519" class="fnanchor">[519]</a>. In this tribe the intestines of the larva resemble those of the perfect insect<a name="FNanchor_520_520" id="FNanchor_520_520"></a><a href="#Footnote_520_520" class="fnanchor">[520]</a>.</p> @@ -3879,7 +3838,7 @@ like those of the two preceding Orders, are numerous, short, and free<a name="FNanchor_529_529" id="FNanchor_529_529"></a><a href="#Footnote_529_529" class="fnanchor">[529]</a>. In the ants and ichneumons there is an approach to a gizzard<a name="FNanchor_530_530" id="FNanchor_530_530"></a><a href="#Footnote_530_530" class="fnanchor">[530]</a>. In the wasp and humble-bee the stomach is very long, with muscular rings surrounding -it<a name="FNanchor_531_531" id="FNanchor_531_531"></a><a href="#Footnote_531_531" class="fnanchor">[531]</a>. In this Order the larvæ at first have no +it<a name="FNanchor_531_531" id="FNanchor_531_531"></a><a href="#Footnote_531_531" class="fnanchor">[531]</a>. In this Order the larvæ at first have no lower intestines and void no excrement<a name="FNanchor_532_532" id="FNanchor_532_532"></a><a href="#Footnote_532_532" class="fnanchor">[532]</a>, but as they approach to the pupa state one begins to appear<a name="FNanchor_533_533" id="FNanchor_533_533"></a><a href="#Footnote_533_533" class="fnanchor">[533]</a>.</p> @@ -3992,7 +3951,7 @@ tube, Ramdohr regards as saliva-reservoirs<a name="FNanchor_553_553" id="FNancho vomitoria</i> the beginning of this organ below the mouth is covered with hemispherical prominences, and in <i>Tipula</i> it is dilated and marked with transverse folds. There -are usually <i>two</i> pairs of bile-vessels; in the <i>Muscidæ</i> +are usually <i>two</i> pairs of bile-vessels; in the <i>Muscidæ</i> pedunculate and <i>free</i><a name="FNanchor_554_554" id="FNanchor_554_554"></a><a href="#Footnote_554_554" class="fnanchor">[554]</a>; in <i>Tipula</i>, <i>Bombylius</i>, and <i>Leptis</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span> sessile and <i>united</i><a name="FNanchor_555_555" id="FNanchor_555_555"></a><a href="#Footnote_555_555" class="fnanchor">[555]</a>; and in <i>Tabanus</i> sessile and <i>fixed</i><a name="FNanchor_556_556" id="FNanchor_556_556"></a><a href="#Footnote_556_556" class="fnanchor">[556]</a>. It is remarkable that in some of this Order—the reverse @@ -4004,7 +3963,7 @@ one third<a name="FNanchor_557_557" id="FNanchor_557_557"></a><a href="#Footnote of this species, the use of which appears not to be discovered. It succeeds the <i>rectum</i>, and has on each side two short club-shaped appendages, open at the end, -which receive <i>tracheæ</i>, and terminate in a short piece +which receive <i>tracheæ</i>, and terminate in a short piece that opens into the anus<a name="FNanchor_558_558" id="FNanchor_558_558"></a><a href="#Footnote_558_558" class="fnanchor">[558]</a>.</p> <p>In <i>Hippobosca</i> and its affinities the canal in question @@ -4117,7 +4076,7 @@ the summits of which, by their union, form bunches that have their excretory canals, varying in number in different species, which convey the bile to the alimentary<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span> tube; in the above insect there are six pairs, three in the -trunk and three in the abdomen, and in <i>S. Europæus</i> a +trunk and three in the abdomen, and in <i>S. Europæus</i> a smaller number<a name="FNanchor_570_570" id="FNanchor_570_570"></a><a href="#Footnote_570_570" class="fnanchor">[570]</a>; these vessels run transversely from the liver, or aggregation of conglomerate glands, to the intestinal canal<a name="FNanchor_571_571" id="FNanchor_571_571"></a><a href="#Footnote_571_571" class="fnanchor">[571]</a>; the bunches consist of an infinite number @@ -4162,7 +4121,7 @@ thus, in <i>Necrophorus</i> and <i>Silpha</i>, <i>carnivorous</i> insects, the intestinal canal in its length and convolutions exceeds those of most <i>herbivorous</i> ones, and in <i>Cassida viridis</i> and some others of the <i>latter</i> tribe are not longer than those -of the <i>predaceous</i> beetles. In <i>herbivorous larvæ</i> also, in +of the <i>predaceous</i> beetles. In <i>herbivorous larvæ</i> also, in general, the length of the alimentary canal does not exceed that of the body, but in those of some <i>flesh</i>-flies (<i>Musca vomitoria</i>) it very greatly exceeds it<a name="FNanchor_582_582" id="FNanchor_582_582"></a><a href="#Footnote_582_582" class="fnanchor">[582]</a>. So true @@ -4248,7 +4207,7 @@ remarkable in the caterpillars of the <i>nocturnal Lepidoptera</i> or moths, especially in that tribe called <i>Bombyces</i>, to which the silkworm belongs: but this faculty is not confined to these insects, but is shared by many other -<i>larvæ</i> in different Orders; and in one instance at least, by +<i>larvæ</i> in different Orders; and in one instance at least, by the <i>imago</i>. In general, the outlet of the silk-secretors is at the <i>mouth</i>; sometimes, however, as in the larva of <i>Myrmeleon</i> and the imago of <i>Hydrophilus</i>, its exit is at @@ -4425,7 +4384,7 @@ We may conclude in general, that the secretory organs are membranous sacs or vesicles, perhaps terminating in longer or shorter blind filiform vessels, sometimes secreting a fetid fluid, and at others a fetid gaseous -effluvium. The <i>Iulidæ</i>, at least <i>Iulus</i> and <i>Porcellio</i><a name="FNanchor_626_626" id="FNanchor_626_626"></a><a href="#Footnote_626_626" class="fnanchor">[626]</a>, cover +effluvium. The <i>Iulidæ</i>, at least <i>Iulus</i> and <i>Porcellio</i><a name="FNanchor_626_626" id="FNanchor_626_626"></a><a href="#Footnote_626_626" class="fnanchor">[626]</a>, cover themselves when alarmed, with a <i>fluid</i> of this kind, or emit one, for this faculty is not peculiar to the species noticed by Savi. I observed early in the year, when I @@ -4545,8 +4504,8 @@ wasps cement the woody fibres for their paper edifices<a name="FNanchor_645_645" that with which some sand-wasps moisten the sand which they scrape away, of which they form the singular tubes that lead to their nests<a name="FNanchor_646_646" id="FNanchor_646_646"></a><a href="#Footnote_646_646" class="fnanchor">[646]</a>; and that with which the aphidivorous -larvæ fix themselves previously to their becoming -pupæ<a name="FNanchor_647_647" id="FNanchor_647_647"></a><a href="#Footnote_647_647" class="fnanchor">[647]</a>,—may be a secretion distinct from saliva; +larvæ fix themselves previously to their becoming +pupæ<a name="FNanchor_647_647" id="FNanchor_647_647"></a><a href="#Footnote_647_647" class="fnanchor">[647]</a>,—may be a secretion distinct from saliva; possibly intermediate between it and gum or the matter of silk, and secreted by peculiar organs. In the wasp, however, Ramdohr discovered nothing of the @@ -4560,7 +4519,7 @@ cocoon with a kind of froth produced from the mouth<a name="FNanchor_650_650" id <p>iii. <i>Varnish</i> or <i>Gum</i>. The eggs of various insects, when they leave the oviduct, are covered with a kind of varnish or gum by which they adhere to the substances -that the young larvæ are to feed upon, or are placed in +that the young larvæ are to feed upon, or are placed in a proper position for their hatching in an appropriate station. Several instances of this have been already mentioned<a name="FNanchor_651_651" id="FNanchor_651_651"></a><a href="#Footnote_651_651" class="fnanchor">[651]</a>; I shall therefore not enlarge further upon @@ -4579,7 +4538,7 @@ noticed the fluid, secreted in peculiar vesicles, that lubricates the oviduct and the passages of the sexual organs<a name="FNanchor_654_654" id="FNanchor_654_654"></a><a href="#Footnote_654_654" class="fnanchor">[654]</a>.</p> <p>v. <i>Oils.</i> Oily substances are sometimes produced by -insects. The common oil-beetle (<i>Meloe Proscarabæus</i>) +insects. The common oil-beetle (<i>Meloe Proscarabæus</i>) when touched sends forth a drop of this kind of fluid, of an orange colour, from each joint of its legs<a name="FNanchor_655_655" id="FNanchor_655_655"></a><a href="#Footnote_655_655" class="fnanchor">[655]</a>: something similar I have observed in <i>Coccinella bipunctata</i>:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> @@ -4833,7 +4792,7 @@ when recently taken smells not unlike liquorice: Bonnet mentions a caterpillar that had the scent of new hay. A little gall-fly (<i>Cynips Quercus Ramuli</i>) has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> the remarkable odour of Fraxinella: the larva of another -species of this genus (<i>C. Rosæ</i>) has an odour which +species of this genus (<i>C. Rosæ</i>) has an odour which seemed to Reaumur as attractive to cats as that of <i>Nepeta cataria</i> or <i>Teucrium Marum</i><a name="FNanchor_691_691" id="FNanchor_691_691"></a><a href="#Footnote_691_691" class="fnanchor">[691]</a>: some <i>Phalangia</i> smell like walnut leaves<a name="FNanchor_692_692" id="FNanchor_692_692"></a><a href="#Footnote_692_692" class="fnanchor">[692]</a>; and the various species of the @@ -4908,7 +4867,7 @@ superior effulgence. The luminous spherical matter of the glow-worm is evidently enveloped in a sac or capsule perfectly diaphanous, which when ruptured discloses it in a liquid form, of the consistency of cream. M. Macaire, -he observes, in the <i>Bibliothèque Universelle</i>, draws +he observes, in the <i>Bibliothèque Universelle</i>, draws the following conclusions from experiments made on the luminous matter of this animal;—that a <i>certain</i> degree of heat is necessary to their voluntary phosphorescence—that @@ -5018,7 +4977,7 @@ for their gradual fecundation, if carefully sought for, might be detected<a name="FNanchor_708_708" id="FNanchor_708_708"></a><a href="#Footnote_708_708" class="fnanchor">[708]</a>. Rifferschweils is of opinion, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> in these cases the eggs are fertilized in their transit through the oviduct by sperm adhering to the folds of -the <i>cloacæ</i><a name="FNanchor_709_709" id="FNanchor_709_709"></a><a href="#Footnote_709_709" class="fnanchor">[709]</a>: but this opinion seems less analogous to +the <i>cloacæ</i><a name="FNanchor_709_709" id="FNanchor_709_709"></a><a href="#Footnote_709_709" class="fnanchor">[709]</a>: but this opinion seems less analogous to what takes place in other cases, with regard to the due preparation of the eggs for a safe and effectual transit<a name="FNanchor_710_710" id="FNanchor_710_710"></a><a href="#Footnote_710_710" class="fnanchor">[710]</a>.</p> @@ -5036,16 +4995,16 @@ in which the eggs are generated and grow till they arrive at maturity, when they pass through the oviduct, and are extruded or deposited in their appropriate station. They vary considerably in their structure. In all -however, except the <i>Iulidæ</i>, in which there is only a +however, except the <i>Iulidæ</i>, in which there is only a <i>single</i> ovary<a name="FNanchor_713_713" id="FNanchor_713_713"></a><a href="#Footnote_713_713" class="fnanchor">[713]</a>, the oviduct at its upper or inner extremity terminates in <i>two</i> branches, usually further subdivided into a number of smaller conical ones, which several ramifications constitute the <i>ovaries</i>, or egg-tubes as they are sometimes called: these tubes generally consist of a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> single membrane, and are joined to the oviduct by membranous -rugose <i>cloacæ</i><a name="FNanchor_714_714" id="FNanchor_714_714"></a><a href="#Footnote_714_714" class="fnanchor">[714]</a>: in the <i>Phalangia</i>, however, +rugose <i>cloacæ</i><a name="FNanchor_714_714" id="FNanchor_714_714"></a><a href="#Footnote_714_714" class="fnanchor">[714]</a>: in the <i>Phalangia</i>, however, there are <i>two</i> tunics; the outer one of a cellular substance, -and the inner one consisting of spiral fibres like <i>tracheæ</i>—a +and the inner one consisting of spiral fibres like <i>tracheæ</i>—a kind of structure which renders them capable of great extension<a name="FNanchor_715_715" id="FNanchor_715_715"></a><a href="#Footnote_715_715" class="fnanchor">[715]</a>. Rifferschweils considers the ovaries as formed upon <i>two</i> primary types.—<i>First</i>, <i>flagelliform</i> ovaries, @@ -5059,7 +5018,7 @@ and <i>Diptera</i><a name="FNanchor_716_716" id="FNanchor_716_716"></a><a href=" understood if they are divided into <i>agglomerate</i> ovaries and <i>branching</i> ovaries: in the <i>first</i> the egg-tubes form <i>two</i> bundles, in which the branches are not discernible, -as in the <i>Ephemera</i>, the chamæleon-fly, and spiders<a name="FNanchor_717_717" id="FNanchor_717_717"></a><a href="#Footnote_717_717" class="fnanchor">[717]</a>: +as in the <i>Ephemera</i>, the chamæleon-fly, and spiders<a name="FNanchor_717_717" id="FNanchor_717_717"></a><a href="#Footnote_717_717" class="fnanchor">[717]</a>: and in the <i>second</i> the branches are distinct, as in the <i>Lepidoptera</i> and the majority of insects.</p> @@ -5124,7 +5083,7 @@ but very few have been noticed, and those chiefly belong to insects whose grubs feed on timber. In these it is usually retractile one part within another, like the pieces of a telescope: in <i>Buprestis</i> it consists of three long -and sharp <i>laminæ</i>, the two lateral ones forming a sheath to +and sharp <i>laminæ</i>, the two lateral ones forming a sheath to the intermediate one, which probably conveys the eggs<a name="FNanchor_743_743" id="FNanchor_743_743"></a><a href="#Footnote_743_743" class="fnanchor">[743]</a>: in <i>Elater</i> it is a cylindrical organ, terminating in a pair of conical joints, which seem to form a forceps, and including @@ -5157,14 +5116,14 @@ the animal, and is composed of <i>six</i> distinct pieces; viz. <i>two</i> external ones stouter than the rest, and within these <i>four</i> others finer than a hair and convolute at the apex<a name="FNanchor_750_750" id="FNanchor_750_750"></a><a href="#Footnote_750_750" class="fnanchor">[750]</a>. There is a considerable variety in the shape of the ovipositors -of the <i>Acridæ</i> and the cognate genera:—thus in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> +of the <i>Acridæ</i> and the cognate genera:—thus in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span> <i>A. viridissima</i> this organ is straight, in <i>A. verrucivora</i> bent like a sabre, and in <i>Pterophylla citrifolia</i> and some others, the whole machine is short and boat-shaped; in <i>Scaphura Vigorsii</i> it is also rough with sharp little tubercles<a name="FNanchor_751_751" id="FNanchor_751_751"></a><a href="#Footnote_751_751" class="fnanchor">[751]</a>. I had an opportunity of observing, with respect to the first of these insects, that in boring, as is the case -with the <i>Cicadæ</i> and saw-flies, the motion of the valves +with the <i>Cicadæ</i> and saw-flies, the motion of the valves was alternately backwards and forwards. It appeared also to me that the two outer pieces of each of the apparent valves were fixed in a groove in the margin of @@ -5182,7 +5141,7 @@ an insect very common with us, the froth froghopper (<i>Cercopis spumaria</i>), some approach is made to the ovipositors last described, at least the number of pieces is the same—for it has a pair of external valves forming a -sheath, which includes three sharp <i>laminæ</i> resembling +sheath, which includes three sharp <i>laminæ</i> resembling the blades of a lancet, the middle one of which can be separated into two; this instrument De Geer had reason to think was scored transversely like a file<a name="FNanchor_753_753" id="FNanchor_753_753"></a><a href="#Footnote_753_753" class="fnanchor">[753]</a>. In the insects @@ -5205,7 +5164,7 @@ the <i>Lepidoptera</i> Order.</p> <p>In the <i>Libellulina</i> amongst the <i>Neuroptera</i>, an organ of this kind is sometimes discoverable. In <i>Agrion</i>, Reaumur noticed a part which he conjectured to be an <i>ovipositor</i>; -it consists of four <i>laminæ</i> or lancets, the interior +it consists of four <i>laminæ</i> or lancets, the interior pair slender, the exterior wider, and all externally serrated<a name="FNanchor_756_756" id="FNanchor_756_756"></a><a href="#Footnote_756_756" class="fnanchor">[756]</a>.</p> <p>The insects of the <i>Hymenoptera</i> Order have long been @@ -5251,7 +5210,7 @@ edge is beset with smaller teeth which point outwards (<i>towards the end</i>)<a name="FNanchor_757_757" id="FNanchor_757_757"></a><a href="#Footnote_757_757" class="fnanchor">[757]</a>." Valisnieri, Reaumur, and De Geer describe the groove as being in the back; but in Mr. Peck's insect, if there is no error in his account, it is, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> -in the <i>Cicadæ</i>, in the saw itself<a name="FNanchor_758_758" id="FNanchor_758_758"></a><a href="#Footnote_758_758" class="fnanchor">[758]</a>. In the genus <i>Cimbex</i>, +in the <i>Cicadæ</i>, in the saw itself<a name="FNanchor_758_758" id="FNanchor_758_758"></a><a href="#Footnote_758_758" class="fnanchor">[758]</a>. In the genus <i>Cimbex</i>, belonging to the same tribe, the saw differs in shape, being somewhat <i>sigmoidal</i> or resembling the letter S, while in that of other saw-flies it is <i>cultriform</i> with a concave @@ -5319,7 +5278,7 @@ by the male sperm is one of those mysteries of Nature that are not yet fully elucidated and understood. We can readily conceive that all the eggs may be fertilized by a single intercourse in the case of insects which, like -the <i>Ephemeræ</i> and <i>Trichoptera</i>, exclude the whole mass +the <i>Ephemeræ</i> and <i>Trichoptera</i>, exclude the whole mass at once; or like many moths and butterflies, in a very short time afterwards; but the subject becomes much more difficult to explain when we advert to the female @@ -5348,8 +5307,8 @@ small in quantity, it may retain the power of emitting for a long period.</p> <p>Certain female moths, of the species of that family -which, from the remarkable cases or sacs the larvæ inhabit, -the Germans call <i>sack—träger</i>, before noticed<a name="FNanchor_771_771" id="FNanchor_771_771"></a><a href="#Footnote_771_771" class="fnanchor">[771]</a>, +which, from the remarkable cases or sacs the larvæ inhabit, +the Germans call <i>sack—träger</i>, before noticed<a name="FNanchor_771_771" id="FNanchor_771_771"></a><a href="#Footnote_771_771" class="fnanchor">[771]</a>, have been supposed to have the faculty of producing fertile eggs without any sexual intercourse; and various observers, after taking great pains, appeared to have satisfactorily @@ -5359,7 +5318,7 @@ was at length explained by the accurate Von Scheven. At first his experiments were attended with the same result as those of his predecessors; but upon making them more carefully, and separating what he conceived to be -the female from the male pupæ, he ascertained not only +the female from the male pupæ, he ascertained not only the existence of a <i>female</i> in the species he examined (<i>Psyche vestita</i>), but that when thus secluded she laid <i>barren</i> eggs; evidently proving that in the contrary instances @@ -5375,7 +5334,7 @@ she never attempts to leave the pupa-case in which she has been disclosed, but that being there impregnated by the male, she there also, apparently after the manner of the female <i>Cocci</i>, deposits her eggs, which -hatching produce young larvæ that make their way out +hatching produce young larvæ that make their way out of the case, and thus seem to originate without maternal interference<a name="FNanchor_774_774" id="FNanchor_774_774"></a><a href="#Footnote_774_774" class="fnanchor">[774]</a>.</p> @@ -5424,7 +5383,7 @@ is, however, one of those mysteries of the <span class="smcap">Creator</span> th human intellect cannot fully penetrate. But this anomaly in nature is not wholly confined to the Aphides; since Jurine has ascertained that the same thing takes place -with <i>Daphnia pennata</i> Müll (<i>Monoculus Pulex</i> L.), one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> +with <i>Daphnia pennata</i> Müll (<i>Monoculus Pulex</i> L.), one<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> of Branchiopod <i>Crustacea</i><a name="FNanchor_780_780" id="FNanchor_780_780"></a><a href="#Footnote_780_780" class="fnanchor">[780]</a>. It is worth observing whether the female <i>Aphides</i> in their natural state, I mean those of the summer or viviparous broods, have intercourse @@ -5495,14 +5454,14 @@ of the mother, and come forth in the living form of a larva and sometimes even of a pupa. Of the first description are certain <i>Diptera</i>, the <i>Aphides</i>, and the <i>Scorpion</i>.</p> -<p>Reaumur has described two modes in which the larvæ +<p>Reaumur has described two modes in which the larvæ of the first are arranged in the matrix of the mother. In some they are heaped together without much appearance of order, being placed merely parallel to each other<a name="FNanchor_789_789" id="FNanchor_789_789"></a><a href="#Footnote_789_789" class="fnanchor">[789]</a>; but in others they are arranged in a kind of riband—the length of the little animals, which are also parallel, forming its thickness—rolled up like the mainspring -of a watch<a name="FNanchor_790_790" id="FNanchor_790_790"></a><a href="#Footnote_790_790" class="fnanchor">[790]</a>. These larvæ in general are not divided +of a watch<a name="FNanchor_790_790" id="FNanchor_790_790"></a><a href="#Footnote_790_790" class="fnanchor">[790]</a>. These larvæ in general are not divided into <i>two</i> masses corresponding with the pair of ovaries in other insects, but form only a single one<a name="FNanchor_791_791" id="FNanchor_791_791"></a><a href="#Footnote_791_791" class="fnanchor">[791]</a>. You must not suppose that these little fetuses lie naked @@ -5512,10 +5471,10 @@ entirely divided from that of those adjoining to it, but appears to be one tube, which becomes extremely slender between each individual, so as when drawn out to look like a chain<a name="FNanchor_792_792" id="FNanchor_792_792"></a><a href="#Footnote_792_792" class="fnanchor">[792]</a>. Reaumur seems to have thought -that in these flies the larvæ were never confined in any +that in these flies the larvæ were never confined in any other case or egg<a name="FNanchor_793_793" id="FNanchor_793_793"></a><a href="#Footnote_793_793" class="fnanchor">[793]</a>; but De Geer sometimes found <i>eggs</i> in the body of <i>Sarcophaga carnaria</i>, though most generally -larvæ, from which he conjectures that it is really +larvæ, from which he conjectures that it is really <i>ovo-viviparous</i>, the eggs being hatched in the body of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> the mother<a name="FNanchor_794_794" id="FNanchor_794_794"></a><a href="#Footnote_794_794" class="fnanchor">[794]</a>. As these flies are all carnivorous, and their office is to remove putrescent flesh, you may see at @@ -5528,7 +5487,7 @@ matrix.</p> ovo-viviparous, as I have before hinted<a name="FNanchor_795_795" id="FNanchor_795_795"></a><a href="#Footnote_795_795" class="fnanchor">[795]</a>, at one period of the year, that is during the summer, but strictly oviparous at its close. From the experiments of De Geer, -however, upon <i>Aphis Rosæ</i>, it would appear that this +however, upon <i>Aphis Rosæ</i>, it would appear that this faculty is not conferred upon the <i>same</i> individuals, but only upon those of <i>different</i> generations of the same species; all the generations being ovo-viviparous except @@ -5680,7 +5639,7 @@ Lyonet has given some interesting observations with regard to those of the caterpillar of the <i>Cossus</i>: he describes them as of a soft transparent substance, capable of great extension, covered and filled by silver tubes of -the <i>bronchiæ</i>, penetrated by the nerves, and containing +the <i>bronchiæ</i>, penetrated by the nerves, and containing oily particles. Each muscle was enveloped in membrane, and was composed of many parallel bands, consisting of bundles of fibres enveloped likewise in separate @@ -5767,7 +5726,7 @@ cases, however, the muscles act upon the organ by the intervention of other bodies. Thus, those that move the wings are often attached to little <i>bones</i>, as Chabrier calls them<a name="FNanchor_827_827" id="FNanchor_827_827"></a><a href="#Footnote_827_827" class="fnanchor">[827]</a>, which are connected with the base of the -wings by ligaments. In the <i>Dynastidæ</i> and other Lamellicorns, +wings by ligaments. In the <i>Dynastidæ</i> and other Lamellicorns, and the <i>Libellulina</i>, &c., a remarkable provision is made for giving a vast increment of force to the muscles of the wings, by means of caps or cupules surmounted @@ -5804,20 +5763,20 @@ animal bodies.</p> I must next make a few observations, as far as my means of information will enable me, upon those that move their different <i>parts</i> and <i>organs</i>—at least the principal -ones; since to descend to minutiæ would be an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> -endless and unprofitable labour. As <i>larvæ</i>, except those +ones; since to descend to minutiæ would be an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> +endless and unprofitable labour. As <i>larvæ</i>, except those whose metamorphosis is <i>semicomplete</i><a name="FNanchor_833_833" id="FNanchor_833_833"></a><a href="#Footnote_833_833" class="fnanchor">[833]</a>, differ widely in their system of muscles from <i>perfect insects</i>, I shall begin my observations with them.</p> <p>We owe by far the most accurate and detailed account -of the muscles of larvæ to the illustrious Lyonet, +of the muscles of larvæ to the illustrious Lyonet, who, with incredible labour and patience without example, dissected the caterpillar of the <i>Cossus</i>, and has described every air-vessel, every nerve, and every muscle that could be detected by the microscope. Cuvier also has given a description of the muscles not only of -caterpillars, but of the larvæ of the Lamellicorn beetles, +caterpillars, but of the larvæ of the Lamellicorn beetles, the <i>Hydrophili</i>, and the Capricorn beetles<a name="FNanchor_834_834" id="FNanchor_834_834"></a><a href="#Footnote_834_834" class="fnanchor">[834]</a>. From these sources are derived what I have now to lay before you. If you look at one of Lyonet's plates<a name="FNanchor_835_835" id="FNanchor_835_835"></a><a href="#Footnote_835_835" class="fnanchor">[835]</a>, the layers of @@ -5881,17 +5840,17 @@ it: if you then examine the anterior cavity of the <i>manitrunk</i>, you will perceive on each side, just within the lower margin, a minute triangular scale, of a similar substance; these ligaments, like the pax-wax, or <i>ligamenta -nuchæ</i>, in <i>mammalia</i>, though in a lower situation, are +nuchæ</i>, in <i>mammalia</i>, though in a lower situation, are doubtless intended to sustain the action of the muscles.</p> <p>With regard to the moveable <i>organs</i> of the head—the -<i>antennæ</i>, <i>maxillæ</i>, <i>palpi</i>, <i>tongue</i>, <i>mandibulæ</i>, &c., have +<i>antennæ</i>, <i>maxillæ</i>, <i>palpi</i>, <i>tongue</i>, <i>mandibulæ</i>, &c., have each their appropriate apparatus of muscles: but I shall -only notice those of the last, the <i>mandibulæ</i>. These are +only notice those of the last, the <i>mandibulæ</i>. These are principally <i>abductors</i> and <i>adductors</i> to open and shut them: from the work that the jaws of some insects have to do, you may conjecture that they must be furnished -with powerful muscles. In caterpillars and other larvæ, +with powerful muscles. In caterpillars and other larvæ, in which state the action of the mandibles is most in requisition, the muscles are what Cuvier calls <i>penniform</i><a name="FNanchor_846_846" id="FNanchor_846_846"></a><a href="#Footnote_846_846" class="fnanchor">[846]</a>, and are attached on each side to a tendinous lamina or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> @@ -5946,7 +5905,7 @@ antagonist muscles—a flexor and extensor, the former being the <i>lower</i>, and the latter the <i>upper</i> muscle; and this pair has its insertion in the joint it moves, and its attachment usually in the preceding one: but those of the -coxæ—which are <i>rotators</i>, causing it to turn backwards +coxæ—which are <i>rotators</i>, causing it to turn backwards or forwards—and the extensor of the thigh, have their attachment in the <i>parietes</i> of the trunk, and to the <i>endosternum</i>; one of the <i>rotators</i> of the <i>anterior</i> coxa, and @@ -5955,7 +5914,7 @@ the <i>intermediate</i> pairs to the <i>medifurca</i>, and of the <i>posterior</ to the <i>postfurca</i><a name="FNanchor_856_856" id="FNanchor_856_856"></a><a href="#Footnote_856_856" class="fnanchor">[856]</a>. Every joint of the <i>tarsus</i> has also its flexor and extensor. In the ground- and water-beetles (<i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i> and <i>Eunech</i>in<i>a</i>), &c., whose posterior -coxæ are immoveable, the thigh includes two pair of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span> +coxæ are immoveable, the thigh includes two pair of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span> antagonist muscles<a name="FNanchor_857_857" id="FNanchor_857_857"></a><a href="#Footnote_857_857" class="fnanchor">[857]</a>. In extracting the posterior leg of <i>Necrophorus Vespillo</i> I observed more than a <i>single</i> pair of muscles that had their attachment in the coxa; @@ -5972,7 +5931,7 @@ their peculiar department. He has given a most admirable account of the internal anatomy of the trunk of insects in general, as far as it relates to their flight; particularly of that of the cockchafer (<i>Melolontha vulgaris</i>), -of one of the <i>Libellulina</i> (<i>Æshna grandis</i>), and +of one of the <i>Libellulina</i> (<i>Æshna grandis</i>), and of a bumble-bee (<i>Bombus</i>); and I believe he has thus illustrated insects of some of the other Orders, but his memoirs on these I have not had an opportunity of consulting. @@ -6007,7 +5966,7 @@ with respect to the <i>trunk</i>, as was before observed, are several distinct bundles in <i>Coleoptera</i>, <i>Lepidoptera</i>, &c.; in the <i>Diptera</i> there are three<a name="FNanchor_863_863" id="FNanchor_863_863"></a><a href="#Footnote_863_863" class="fnanchor">[863]</a>; in the <i>Libellulina</i> they seem to be <i>single</i>, are all environed with a blackish pellicle, -with numerous aërial vesicles, symmetrically arranged, +with numerous aërial vesicles, symmetrically arranged, filling the interstices<a name="FNanchor_864_864" id="FNanchor_864_864"></a><a href="#Footnote_864_864" class="fnanchor">[864]</a>. The most common number is a levator to each wing; there are often, however, as in the cockchafer and the dragon-fly, <i>two</i> depressors<a name="FNanchor_865_865" id="FNanchor_865_865"></a><a href="#Footnote_865_865" class="fnanchor">[865]</a>: @@ -6022,7 +5981,7 @@ of <i>extensor</i> will suit the former, that of <i>flexor</i> is not so proper for their antagonists; their office being not so much to <i>bend</i>, as to bring back the wing to its station of repose. The folding of certain wings, as those of <i>Coleoptera</i>, -<i>Dermaptera</i>, the <i>Vespidæ</i>, &c., seems more the +<i>Dermaptera</i>, the <i>Vespidæ</i>, &c., seems more the function of the <i>abdomen</i> than of the wing-muscles; this you may easily see, as I have often done, if you attend to any <i>Staphylinus</i>, when after alighting from flight it @@ -6075,9 +6034,9 @@ they are also attached in some to the <i>metathorax</i> or back of the posterior portion of the alitrunk<a name="FNanchor_876_876" id="FNanchor_876_876"></a><a href="#Footnote_876_876" class="fnanchor">[876]</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span> The levator muscles in <i>Coleoptera</i>, at least in the cockchafer, by a long tendon have their posterior attachment -in the lower part of the posterior coxæ<a name="FNanchor_877_877" id="FNanchor_877_877"></a><a href="#Footnote_877_877" class="fnanchor">[877]</a>, their anterior +in the lower part of the posterior coxæ<a name="FNanchor_877_877" id="FNanchor_877_877"></a><a href="#Footnote_877_877" class="fnanchor">[877]</a>, their anterior attachment to the solid parts to be moved. In the <i>Cockchafer</i> -and the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, but <i>not</i> in <i>Geotrupes</i>, on each +and the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, but <i>not</i> in <i>Geotrupes</i>, on each side of the cavity of the metathorax under the base of the wing is a large and small cupule, which from their <i>lateral</i> situation one would think must receive the <i>levator</i> @@ -6121,7 +6080,7 @@ and shut at the animal's pleasure<a name="FNanchor_882_882" id="FNanchor_882_882 insects are furnished, as we have seen<a name="FNanchor_883_883" id="FNanchor_883_883"></a><a href="#Footnote_883_883" class="fnanchor">[883]</a>, with numerous vesicles or reservoirs, which can give out a supply of internal air when wanted: and thus they can vary their -aërial motions, diminish or increase the counteracting +aërial motions, diminish or increase the counteracting centrifugal force; rise and fall, and move onwards and in different directions, as their occasions demand.</p> @@ -6213,7 +6172,7 @@ of the ventral <i>parietes</i>. These muscles when exposed to view resemble extended cords. The abdominal segment preceding the tail is filled with a powerful muscular mass which moves that organ<a name="FNanchor_895_895" id="FNanchor_895_895"></a><a href="#Footnote_895_895" class="fnanchor">[895]</a>. Treviranus discovered two -longitudinal muscles in <i>Scorpio europæus</i>, running from +longitudinal muscles in <i>Scorpio europæus</i>, running from the breast to the tail, which above and below each gill were connected by another running transversely across the heart, thus forming a quadrangular area in which @@ -6278,13 +6237,13 @@ that of <i>Eristalis tenax</i> affords a more surprising instance of this power of counteraction:—an inhabitant of muddy pools, it has occasionally been taken up with the water used in paper-making, and strange to say, according to -Linné, has resisted without injury the immense pressure +Linné, has resisted without injury the immense pressure given to the surrounding pulp<a name="FNanchor_905_905" id="FNanchor_905_905"></a><a href="#Footnote_905_905" class="fnanchor">[905]</a>; like <i>leather-coat Jack</i> mentioned by Mr. Bell<a name="FNanchor_906_906" id="FNanchor_906_906"></a><a href="#Footnote_906_906" class="fnanchor">[906]</a>, who, from a similar force of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span> muscle, could suffer carriages to drive over him without receiving any injury. Almost as remarkable is the state of extreme relaxation into which the muscles of some -larvæ fall, when their animation is suspended; and the +larvæ fall, when their animation is suspended; and the revived tension to which a subsequent resumption of the vital powers restores them. Bonnet having suspended the animation of the caterpillar of <i>Sphinx Ligustri</i> by @@ -6301,7 +6260,7 @@ well remarked, especially noxious ones, have not been endowed with a muscular power proportionable to that of insects. A <i>cockchafer</i>, respect being had to their size, would be <i>six</i> times stronger than a <i>horse</i>; and if the <i>elephant</i>, -as Linné has observed, was strong in proportion +as Linné has observed, was strong in proportion to the <i>stag-beetle</i>, it would be able to pull up rocks by the root, and to level mountains<a name="FNanchor_908_908" id="FNanchor_908_908"></a><a href="#Footnote_908_908" class="fnanchor">[908]</a>. Were the <i>lion</i> and the <i>tiger</i> as strong and as swift for their magnitude as the @@ -6371,14 +6330,14 @@ when they withdraw from action and observation, it is to devote themselves to rest and sleep. The cockchafer flies only in the evening; but if you chance to meet with it roosting in a tree in the earlier part of the day, you -will find it perfectly still and motionless, with its antennæ +will find it perfectly still and motionless, with its antennæ folded and applied to the breast:—we cannot indeed say that its eyes are shut; for as insects have no eyelids, that sign of sleep can never be found in them. Again, if a Lepidopterist goes into the wood to capture moths in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> the day-time, he finds them often perched on the lichens that cover the north side of the trunk of a tree, with -their wings and antennæ folded, and themselves without +their wings and antennæ folded, and themselves without motion, and insensible of his approach and their own danger. Thus it was that I captured that rare insect the lobster-moth (<i>Stauropus Fagi</i>) in the New Forest. @@ -6390,7 +6349,7 @@ and observation, admits of great doubt. Malpighi informs us that these caterpillars for an hour and more, twice a day, remain immoveable with their heads bent down as though asleep, and even if disturbed, resume -again the same inactive posture<a name="FNanchor_913_913" id="FNanchor_913_913"></a><a href="#Footnote_913_913" class="fnanchor">[913]</a>; and other larvæ in +again the same inactive posture<a name="FNanchor_913_913" id="FNanchor_913_913"></a><a href="#Footnote_913_913" class="fnanchor">[913]</a>; and other larvæ in great numbers certainly seem to have regular intermissions from eating of considerable duration: those called Geometers, for hours together remain motionless projected @@ -6440,9 +6399,9 @@ than any description<a name="FNanchor_916_916" id="FNanchor_916_916"></a><a href <p>Previously to dissecting any insect, it must be killed by plunging it into boiling water, which is recommended by Lyonet, or spirits of wine or of turpentine; and it is -often useful to let <i>larvæ</i> remain a few days in the latter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> +often useful to let <i>larvæ</i> remain a few days in the latter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> by which means the vessels become firmer and stronger. -The parts of <i>pupæ</i> become much more distinct if they +The parts of <i>pupæ</i> become much more distinct if they are boiled for a few minutes: and the same mode may be adopted in the examination of spiders.</p> @@ -6483,7 +6442,7 @@ them, as it consolidated the parts<a name="FNanchor_917_917" id="FNanchor_917_91 in this ample and intricate field, and having threaded, as well as my slender powers and limited knowledge enabled me, the infinite turnings and convolutions of -this Dædalean labyrinth—the <i>Anatomy</i> and <i>Physiology</i> +this Dædalean labyrinth—the <i>Anatomy</i> and <i>Physiology</i> of insects,—will you not own that the volume of wonders I have laid before you proves irrefragably that, though these minims of nature apparently rank so low @@ -6558,7 +6517,7 @@ and some other invertebrate animals, endowed with the power of <i>reproducing</i> a mutilated limb, yet their wounds appear to heal very rapidly, and at the time they are inflicted to produce little pain<a name="FNanchor_922_922" id="FNanchor_922_922"></a><a href="#Footnote_922_922" class="fnanchor">[922]</a>. But if those important -members, their <i>antennæ</i>, are mutilated, insects seem to suffer +members, their <i>antennæ</i>, are mutilated, insects seem to suffer a kind of derangement; the great organ of their communication with each other, and in various respects with the external world, being removed, all their instincts at @@ -6575,7 +6534,7 @@ and when the light is intercepted they rush out of it to return no more.</p> <p>Insects occasionally are subject to <i>tumours</i> or a preternatural -enlargement of their parts and organs. The antennæ +enlargement of their parts and organs. The antennæ of bees sometimes swell at their extremity so as to resemble the bud of a flower ready to open, becoming at the same time very yellow, as does the fore part @@ -6587,7 +6546,7 @@ probably by the stoppage of the pores by which the superfluous moisture and air escape when it undergoes its last change. The converse of this I have observed to take place sometimes in the same part of <i>Geotrupes -foveatus</i>, the ordinary lateral <i>foveæ</i> becoming very +foveatus</i>, the ordinary lateral <i>foveæ</i> becoming very considerably enlarged;—this was the case with the specimen from which Mr. Marsham made his description of that insect. The species is, however, very distinct in @@ -6599,7 +6558,7 @@ Mr. MacLeay, on the authority of M. Clairville, informs me) are particularly subject to this disease. But, of all the organs, the wings are most exposed to derangements of this kind. De Geer, in a specimen of <i>Pieris -Cratægi</i> just excluded from the chrysalis, observed that +Cratægi</i> just excluded from the chrysalis, observed that one of these was distended by a considerable quantity of extravasated green fluid—two or three large drops following an incision. This disease appeared to arise from the @@ -6627,12 +6586,12 @@ had the larva of a <i>Semblis</i> brought to him in which one of the two fore-legs, though perfect in all its parts, was only half the length of the other<a name="FNanchor_928_928" id="FNanchor_928_928"></a><a href="#Footnote_928_928" class="fnanchor">[928]</a>; which he regarded<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> as a reproduction, but it seems rather a malformation. -Müller mentions a most extraordinary fact of one of the -<i>Noctuidæ</i>, which when disclosed from the pupa retained +Müller mentions a most extraordinary fact of one of the +<i>Noctuidæ</i>, which when disclosed from the pupa retained the head of the larva<a name="FNanchor_929_929" id="FNanchor_929_929"></a><a href="#Footnote_929_929" class="fnanchor">[929]</a>. One of the most remarkable instances of this kind that have fallen under my own observation, may be seen in a specimen of <i>Chrysomela -hæmoptera</i> in the cabinet of our friend Curtis; in which +hæmoptera</i> in the cabinet of our friend Curtis; in which one of the thighs produces a double tibia, but only one of these is furnished with a tarsus.</p> @@ -6661,7 +6620,7 @@ subject to vertigo, which has been attributed to their eating poisonous honey<a name="FNanchor_932_932" id="FNanchor_932_932"></a><a href="#Footnote_932_932" class="fnanchor">[932]</a>—but may not this disease in all these cases arise from some derangement of the nervous system? One of the ants which was so affected had lost -one of its antennæ; but as this was not the case with the +one of its antennæ; but as this was not the case with the others, no great stress is to be laid upon the circumstance. Huber does not inform us whether those attacked by this disease recovered or not.</p> @@ -6750,7 +6709,7 @@ good wine and honey is recommended; and as a cure, to place in the hive combs containing cells filled with bee-bread<a name="FNanchor_937_937" id="FNanchor_937_937"></a><a href="#Footnote_937_937" class="fnanchor">[937]</a>. But one of the worst maladies to which these useful animals are subject, is that called by Schirach -<i>Faux Couvain</i>. It originates with the larvæ; and is caused +<i>Faux Couvain</i>. It originates with the larvæ; and is caused either by their being fed with unwholesome food, or when the queen, as sometimes happens, lays her eggs so that the head of the grub is not in a proper position for @@ -6795,7 +6754,7 @@ symptoms of a fifth malady, called <i>La Muscardine</i>. After this the animal soon dies, and becomes mouldy, but does not stink. This disease is not contagious, and is thought to be caused by a moist heat, attended by -pernicious exhalations. <i>La Luzette</i>, <i>Luisette</i>, or <i>Clairène</i>, +pernicious exhalations. <i>La Luzette</i>, <i>Luisette</i>, or <i>Clairène</i>, is another malady, which shows itself most commonly after the <i>fourth</i> moult. It seems to arise from some original defect in the <i>egg</i>. The caterpillars attacked by @@ -6804,7 +6763,7 @@ white colour; their body becomes transparent, and the matter of silk exudes in drops from their spinnerets; consequently, though as voracious as the rest, they are never able to construct a cocoon, and should be destroyed. -<i>Les Dragées</i> is the name given to cocoons +<i>Les Dragées</i> is the name given to cocoons which include a larva that never becomes a pupa. The cause of this disorder has not been ascertained, and whole broods are sometimes subject to it, which, as in the last, @@ -6821,7 +6780,7 @@ to be unable to cast their skin<a name="FNanchor_939_939" id="FNanchor_939_939"> <p>In the case of many caterpillars of <i>Lepidoptera</i> that died, Bonnet found by dissection that the disease was remotely occasioned by a <i>diarrhea</i>, which taking place -immediately before they became pupæ, prevented the +immediately before they became pupæ, prevented the inner membrane of their intestines from being rejected, as it would have been if no extraordinary cause had prevented it, attached to the hard excrement. He found @@ -6850,17 +6809,17 @@ motion, it will not seem wonderful, should any partial moisture accidentally accumulate upon them, that it affords a seed plot for certain minute fungi to come up and grow in. Persoon observes with regard to his genus -<i>Isaria</i>, that one species grows upon the <i>larvæ</i> of insects -(<i>I. truncata</i>), and another upon <i>pupæ</i> (<i>I. crassa</i><a name="FNanchor_942_942" id="FNanchor_942_942"></a><a href="#Footnote_942_942" class="fnanchor">[942]</a>):—as -he does not say upon <i>dead</i> larvæ and pupæ, as upon +<i>Isaria</i>, that one species grows upon the <i>larvæ</i> of insects +(<i>I. truncata</i>), and another upon <i>pupæ</i> (<i>I. crassa</i><a name="FNanchor_942_942" id="FNanchor_942_942"></a><a href="#Footnote_942_942" class="fnanchor">[942]</a>):—as +he does not say upon <i>dead</i> larvæ and pupæ, as upon a former occasion<a name="FNanchor_943_943" id="FNanchor_943_943"></a><a href="#Footnote_943_943" class="fnanchor">[943]</a>, perhaps in these cases these plants may constitute an insect disease; but I lay no stress upon it, and only mention the circumstance here as connected with the history of these animals. Mr. Dickson -has described a <i>Sphæria</i> under the name of <i>entomorhiza</i> -that grows upon <i>dead</i> larvæ; it has a slender long stipes +has described a <i>Sphæria</i> under the name of <i>entomorhiza</i> +that grows upon <i>dead</i> larvæ; it has a slender long stipes and spherical granulated head: on the pupa of a species -of <i>Cicada</i> in my cabinet, another kind of <i>Sphæria</i>, +of <i>Cicada</i> in my cabinet, another kind of <i>Sphæria</i>, with a twisted thickish stipes and oblong head, springs up in the space between the eyes. I observed something similar but longer, in the grub of some large beetle in @@ -6871,12 +6830,12 @@ been sometimes thought to have some species of <i>mucor</i> or other <i>Fungilli</i> occasionally growing upon them; but Mr. Brown is of opinion that <i>stamina</i> which they have filched from flowers have been mistaken for these <i>Fungilli</i>, -since he has detected those of <i>Orchideæ</i> in some +since he has detected those of <i>Orchideæ</i> in some of this tribe, and upon a beetle shown to him by Mr. MacLeay, one which he knew to be the stamen of an <i>Aristolochia</i>. I once observed a bunch of what I mistook for a singular <i>mucor</i> that adorned the vertex of a -humble-bee, between the antennæ, which doubtless were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> +humble-bee, between the antennæ, which doubtless were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> of the same description; and I even saw one upon its wing. Upon a former occasion I mentioned a parallel circumstance with respect to a species of <i>Xylocopa</i><a name="FNanchor_944_944" id="FNanchor_944_944"></a><a href="#Footnote_944_944" class="fnanchor">[944]</a>.</p> @@ -6887,8 +6846,8 @@ themselves <i>insects</i>; or <i>worms</i>.</p> <p>1. Their <i>insect</i> infesters, as far as we know at present, are confined to the Orders <i>Strepsiptera</i>, <i>Hymenoptera</i>, <i>Diptera</i>, and <i>Aptera</i>: they attack them sometimes in their -<i>egg</i> state, most frequently when they are larvæ, occasionally -when pupæ, and very rarely in their perfect state. +<i>egg</i> state, most frequently when they are larvæ, occasionally +when pupæ, and very rarely in their perfect state. Upon many of these I have formerly enlarged<a name="FNanchor_945_945" id="FNanchor_945_945"></a><a href="#Footnote_945_945" class="fnanchor">[945]</a>, and I shall now add such further circumstances as I then omitted. The <i>Strepsiptera</i> Order, as at present known, @@ -6905,7 +6864,7 @@ it I have not been able to ascertain, but from their flying, when the little parasite is very near leaving them, with their usual activity, it should seem that this disease is not mortal; but it probably prevents their breeding: -I do not recollect observing the exuviæ of one in a <i>male</i> +I do not recollect observing the exuviæ of one in a <i>male</i> bee<a name="FNanchor_946_946" id="FNanchor_946_946"></a><a href="#Footnote_946_946" class="fnanchor">[946]</a>.</p> <p>The great body of insect parasites, however, belong @@ -6960,13 +6919,13 @@ but from an observation of Reaumur's<a name="FNanchor_952_952" id="FNanchor_952_ that it is aided in its passage by some fluid ejected at the same time with it, or is so lubricated as to slide easily without being displaced. The flies we are speaking of, by -some authors are called <i>Muscæ vibrantes</i>, because when -searching for the destined nidus of their eggs their antennæ +some authors are called <i>Muscæ vibrantes</i>, because when +searching for the destined nidus of their eggs their antennæ vibrate incessantly, and it is by the use of these wonderful organs that they discover it wherever it lurks. Bergman observed that <i>Fœnus Jaculator</i> searches for the latent grub of certain bees and other <i>Hymenoptera</i> with -its antennæ<a name="FNanchor_953_953" id="FNanchor_953_953"></a><a href="#Footnote_953_953" class="fnanchor">[953]</a>: and from Mr. Marsham we learn that +its antennæ<a name="FNanchor_953_953" id="FNanchor_953_953"></a><a href="#Footnote_953_953" class="fnanchor">[953]</a>: and from Mr. Marsham we learn that <i>Pimpla Manifestator</i>, before it inserts its ovipositor in the nest of the grub of <i>Chelostoma maxillosa</i>, explores it first with one antenna and then with the other, plunging @@ -6994,7 +6953,7 @@ their inhabiting an <i>imago</i>; but from their first exclusion as eggs from the ovary till their assumption of that state they give them no rest. I shall therefore first treat of those that infest the <i>eggs</i>; next those appropriated to -<i>larvæ</i>; and lastly those that devour <i>pupæ</i>.</p> +<i>larvæ</i>; and lastly those that devour <i>pupæ</i>.</p> <p>Vallisnieri appears to have been the first naturalist who discovered that Ichneumons were appropriated to @@ -7037,7 +6996,7 @@ the wheat (<i>I. inserens</i>) appears to devour them in<span class="pagenum"><a their <i>egg</i> state, and could not be brought to perfection by the food that a single one would furnish<a name="FNanchor_962_962" id="FNanchor_962_962"></a><a href="#Footnote_962_962" class="fnanchor">[962]</a>.</p> -<p>The Ichneumons that are parasitic upon <i>larvæ</i> are +<p>The Ichneumons that are parasitic upon <i>larvæ</i> are the most numerous of all. Some of them are deposited by the parent fly on the <i>outside</i> of their prey, and others introduced into its <i>interior</i>. <i>Ophion luteum</i> is one of @@ -7053,7 +7012,7 @@ to which it adheres so pertinaciously, that it is scarcely possible to disengage it without crushing it. It fixes itself by its mandibles to the skin of the caterpillar, and keeps constantly sucking the contents of its body till it -dies: sometimes nine or ten of these larvæ inhabit a +dies: sometimes nine or ten of these larvæ inhabit a single caterpillar<a name="FNanchor_964_964" id="FNanchor_964_964"></a><a href="#Footnote_964_964" class="fnanchor">[964]</a>. Reaumur has given an account of other external Ichneumons. Upon one caterpillar that he examined, they were so numerous as to render the @@ -7086,11 +7045,11 @@ and of the change of the Ichneumon, for the latter to cast it down and assume its station<a name="FNanchor_966_966" id="FNanchor_966_966"></a><a href="#Footnote_966_966" class="fnanchor">[966]</a>.</p> <p>But the great bulk of the parasitic Hymenopterous devourers -of larvæ have their assigned station <i>within</i> the +of larvæ have their assigned station <i>within</i> the body. As Entomologists in breeding insects have paid their principal attention to <i>Lepidoptera</i>, it necessarily follows that their Ichneumon infesters must be most -generally known; but doubtless the larvæ of the other +generally known; but doubtless the larvæ of the other Orders are not wholly liberated from this scourge: they also require to be kept within due limits, and have their appropriate parasites. Some, however, in most of them @@ -7098,11 +7057,11 @@ have been detected: of which I shall now proceed to state to you the most interesting examples, beginning with the <i>Coleoptera</i>.</p> -<p><i>Alysia Manducator</i><a name="FNanchor_967_967" id="FNanchor_967_967"></a><a href="#Footnote_967_967" class="fnanchor">[967]</a>, remarkable for having mandibulæ<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> +<p><i>Alysia Manducator</i><a name="FNanchor_967_967" id="FNanchor_967_967"></a><a href="#Footnote_967_967" class="fnanchor">[967]</a>, remarkable for having mandibulæ<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span> that do not close, and toothed at the end, usually attends masses of dung, both of man and cattle, probably for the purpose of depositing its eggs in some of the <i>Coleopterous</i> -larvæ that inhabit it. Mr. Stephens, one of +larvæ that inhabit it. Mr. Stephens, one of the most accurate observers as well as one of the best Entomologists of the present day, informs me that he once captured three specimens of <i>Timarcha tenebricosa</i>, @@ -7120,7 +7079,7 @@ Doubtless, did we know their history, we should find that numberless species have their internal assailants belonging to this tribe.</p> -<p><i>Orthopterous</i> larvæ seem not to have been yet announced +<p><i>Orthopterous</i> larvæ seem not to have been yet announced as affording a pabulum to these animals: but the late Dr. Arnold, whose tact for observation with regard to the manners and economy of insects has rendered @@ -7158,15 +7117,15 @@ a brilliant bead or pearl<a name="FNanchor_970_970" id="FNanchor_970_970"></a><a Ichneumon on the Coccus of the elm, <i>I. Coccorum</i><a name="FNanchor_971_971" id="FNanchor_971_971"></a><a href="#Footnote_971_971" class="fnanchor">[971]</a>.</p> <p>Amongst the <i>Neuropterous</i> tribes likewise, probably -the <i>Ichneumonidæ</i> commit their usual ravages; but their +the <i>Ichneumonidæ</i> commit their usual ravages; but their exploits, as far as I recollect, have met with no historian. I have a small species related to <i>Chelonus</i>, which a memorandum made when I took it tells me was obtained -from <i>Æshna viatica</i>; yet I do not remember ever tracing +from <i>Æshna viatica</i>; yet I do not remember ever tracing that species to its final change, so that I must have taken this Ichneumon from the <i>perfect insect</i>. It suffices, however, to prove that this tribe is also exposed to the attack<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span> -of these parasites. Where larvæ and pupæ are +of these parasites. Where larvæ and pupæ are <i>aquatic</i>, it seems probable, if any attack is made upon them, that it must take place after they have quitted the water.</p> @@ -7206,7 +7165,7 @@ of the general economy and proportion of animal and vegetable productions. Amongst the assailants of the <i>Hymenoptera</i>, none seem to have a more laborious task assigned them than those that pierce the various -galls in which the larvæ of the <i>Cynips</i> tribe are inclosed. +galls in which the larvæ of the <i>Cynips</i> tribe are inclosed. To look at an oak-apple, we should think it a work of difficulty, requiring much sagacity and address, for one of our little flies to discover the several chambers lurking @@ -7228,7 +7187,7 @@ its ovipositor over the back of its abdomen, so that its end points to its head, is said to deposit its eggs in the nest of the mason-bee, most probably in the larva: but the curious observations that are stated to have been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span> -made by M. Amédée Lepelletier upon its history have +made by M. Amédée Lepelletier upon its history have not yet been given to the public<a name="FNanchor_978_978" id="FNanchor_978_978"></a><a href="#Footnote_978_978" class="fnanchor">[978]</a>.</p> <p><i>Dipterous</i> insects, likewise, do not escape from these @@ -7242,12 +7201,12 @@ food to three of these parasites,—one I lately mentioned as probably devouring its eggs; another pierces the glumes of the floret, where its destined prey is concealed; and the third enters it. I once placed a number -of the larvæ of the gnat upon a sheet of paper, at no +of the larvæ of the gnat upon a sheet of paper, at no great distance from each other, and then set down one of these last Ichneumons in the midst of them. She began -immediately to pace about, vibrating her antennæ +immediately to pace about, vibrating her antennæ very briskly: a larva was soon discovered, upon which -she fixed herself, the motion of her antennæ increasing +she fixed herself, the motion of her antennæ increasing intensely; then bending her abdomen obliquely under her breast, she inserted her ovipositor, and while the egg was depositing these organs became perfectly motionless. @@ -7269,13 +7228,13 @@ devours its interior<a name="FNanchor_983_983" id="FNanchor_983_983"></a><a href one, the larva of a <i>fly</i> frequenting hemp; and the other, which feeds on a <i>Boletus</i>, that of a <i>gnat</i><a name="FNanchor_984_984" id="FNanchor_984_984"></a><a href="#Footnote_984_984" class="fnanchor">[984]</a>.</p> -<p>The <i>Lepidoptera</i>, however, is the Order over the larvæ +<p>The <i>Lepidoptera</i>, however, is the Order over the larvæ of which the Ichneumons reign with undisputed sway; attacking all indiscriminately, from the minute one that forms its labyrinth within the thickness of a leaf, to the giant caterpillar of the hawk-moth. The most useful of all, however, the silkworm, appears at least with us, exempted -from this scourge. De Geer, out of fifteen larvæ +from this scourge. De Geer, out of fifteen larvæ that were mining between the two cuticles of a rose-leaf, belonging to the first tribe here alluded to, found that <i>fourteen</i> were destroyed by one of these parasites, only @@ -7284,7 +7243,7 @@ miniature magnificence<a name="FNanchor_985_985" id="FNanchor_985_985"></a><a hr is that which destroys the clothes-moth, which the same writer also traced<a name="FNanchor_986_986" id="FNanchor_986_986"></a><a href="#Footnote_986_986" class="fnanchor">[986]</a>. Another, equally serviceable, takes up its abode in the caterpillar that ravages our cabbages<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span> -and brocoli (<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>) which perish by hundreds +and brocoli (<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>) which perish by hundreds from its attacks. As this falls frequently under our notice, it will not be uninteresting to give a fuller account of it. Reaumur has traced and related its whole history. @@ -7343,15 +7302,15 @@ to one male<a name="FNanchor_992_992" id="FNanchor_992_992"></a><a href="#Footno <p>But though the great majority of insects are subject to this <i>Scolechiasis</i><a name="FNanchor_993_993" id="FNanchor_993_993"></a><a href="#Footnote_993_993" class="fnanchor">[993]</a> in their larva state, yet sometimes they are not attacked by the <i>Ichneumon</i> till they have become -<i>pupæ</i>. Of this kind is one just mentioned (<i>M. Puparum</i>), +<i>pupæ</i>. Of this kind is one just mentioned (<i>M. Puparum</i>), which commits its eggs to the chrysalis of the butterfly -of the nettle, <i>Vanessa Urticæ</i>: the moment this caterpillar<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> +of the nettle, <i>Vanessa Urticæ</i>: the moment this caterpillar<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> quits its skin to assume that state, while it is yet soft they pierce it and confide to it their eggs<a name="FNanchor_994_994" id="FNanchor_994_994"></a><a href="#Footnote_994_994" class="fnanchor">[994]</a>. De Geer and others have supposed that this same Ichneumon attacks -the <i>Cocci</i> and <i>Coccinellæ</i><a name="FNanchor_995_995" id="FNanchor_995_995"></a><a href="#Footnote_995_995" class="fnanchor">[995]</a>; but this probably is an +the <i>Cocci</i> and <i>Coccinellæ</i><a name="FNanchor_995_995" id="FNanchor_995_995"></a><a href="#Footnote_995_995" class="fnanchor">[995]</a>; but this probably is an erroneous supposition. <i>Cryptus Compunctor</i> also attacks -the pupæ of butterflies<a name="FNanchor_996_996" id="FNanchor_996_996"></a><a href="#Footnote_996_996" class="fnanchor">[996]</a>.</p> +the pupæ of butterflies<a name="FNanchor_996_996" id="FNanchor_996_996"></a><a href="#Footnote_996_996" class="fnanchor">[996]</a>.</p> <p>If we consider the great purpose of <span class="smcap">Providence</span> in giving being to this tribe of destroyers—the keeping of @@ -7379,7 +7338,7 @@ do not emerge till they enter their perfect state. The caterpillar thus attacked lives long enough to spin its cocoon, when it dies<a name="FNanchor_997_997" id="FNanchor_997_997"></a><a href="#Footnote_997_997" class="fnanchor">[997]</a>. Sometimes, however, these animals<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span> quit their prey sooner. Reaumur saw a grub of -one of the <i>Muscidæ</i> come out of a caterpillar, and then +one of the <i>Muscidæ</i> come out of a caterpillar, and then become a pupa, which was so large that he wondered how it could have been contained in the animal it had quitted<a name="FNanchor_998_998" id="FNanchor_998_998"></a><a href="#Footnote_998_998" class="fnanchor">[998]</a>.</p> @@ -7398,14 +7357,14 @@ most probably the specimen in question had dropped from some bird upon the butterfly. The only remaining animal belonging to the apterous hexapods that is parasitic on insects, is by many supposed to be the larva of a -giant-beetle (<i>Meloe Proscarabæus</i>). I have before alluded +giant-beetle (<i>Meloe Proscarabæus</i>). I have before alluded to this animal<a name="FNanchor_1001_1001" id="FNanchor_1001_1001"></a><a href="#Footnote_1001_1001" class="fnanchor">[1001]</a>, and shall now resume the subject. Gœdart, Frisch, and De Geer, observed that it deposited in the earth one or two considerable masses, containing an infinite number of very minute orange-coloured eggs adhering to each other, which in about a month were hatched, and produced a number of small hexapods distinguished -by two pairs of anal setæ and a proleg, by +by two pairs of anal setæ and a proleg, by means of which they could move readily upon glass, as I have myself seen: these little animals precisely corresponded with one found by the latter author upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span> @@ -7413,7 +7372,7 @@ with one found by the latter author upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" them, they immediately attached themselves to it, so as to leave no doubt of their identity<a name="FNanchor_1002_1002" id="FNanchor_1002_1002"></a><a href="#Footnote_1002_1002" class="fnanchor">[1002]</a>. A congenerous species had been detected upon wild bees, and described -by Linné under the name of <i>Pediculus Apis</i>. De Geer +by Linné under the name of <i>Pediculus Apis</i>. De Geer is so thoroughly to be depended upon for his veracity and accuracy of observation, that we cannot suppose there is any incorrectness in his statement. If the mass @@ -7421,12 +7380,12 @@ of eggs be, as he represents it, of the size of a hazel-nut, it must have been the product of a very large insect: in confirmation of this opinion it may be further observed, that the larva of the kindred genus <i>Cantharis</i> -agrees with it in having anal setæ, though it appears to +agrees with it in having anal setæ, though it appears to differ in having only two conspicuous segments in the trunk<a name="FNanchor_1003_1003" id="FNanchor_1003_1003"></a><a href="#Footnote_1003_1003" class="fnanchor">[1003]</a>. Those which infest wild bees make their first appearance upon <i>acrid</i> plants, which the <i>Meloe</i> likewise feeds upon; from whence with wonderful agility they -leap upon the <i>Andrenæ</i>, &c. that visit these flowers. +leap upon the <i>Andrenæ</i>, &c. that visit these flowers. Strong, however, as all these facts appear, still we cannot help exclaiming with the illustrious Swede last named, Who could ever have imagined that the larva of this @@ -7453,7 +7412,7 @@ and so this mystery be cleared up. I should observe here, that Scopoli has described three parasites as <i>Pediculi</i>; viz. <i>P. rostratus</i>, <i>coccineus</i>, and <i>Cerambycinus</i>; the first of which Fabricius has adopted under the name of -<i>P. Gryllotalpæ</i>, but which are all evidently hexapod +<i>P. Gryllotalpæ</i>, but which are all evidently hexapod <i>Acarina</i><a name="FNanchor_1005_1005" id="FNanchor_1005_1005"></a><a href="#Footnote_1005_1005" class="fnanchor">[1005]</a>.</p> <p><i>Acariasis</i> seems a disease almost as universal amongst @@ -7474,7 +7433,7 @@ from the insects it assails not by its <i>mouth</i>, but<span class="pagenum"><a by means of a long <i>anal pedicle</i> by which it is attached to them. De Geer found these in such numbers upon a species of <i>Leptura</i>, that its whole body was almost -covered with them; they hung from the legs and antennæ +covered with them; they hung from the legs and antennæ in bunches, and gave the animal a most hideous and disgusting appearance. Under this load of vermin it could scarcely walk or move, and all its efforts to get rid of @@ -7537,7 +7496,7 @@ either <i>Leptus Phalangii</i>, or <i>Astoma parasiticum</i>.</p> parasites, which belong to that section or order of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> intestinal <i>worms</i> which Rudolph has denominated <i>Entozoa nematoidea</i>, and Lamarck <i>Vers rigidules</i><a name="FNanchor_1009_1009" id="FNanchor_1009_1009"></a><a href="#Footnote_1009_1009" class="fnanchor">[1009]</a>. To -this tribe belong the <i>Gordius</i> of Linné and the <i>Filaria</i> +this tribe belong the <i>Gordius</i> of Linné and the <i>Filaria</i> of modern zoologists, which from the experiments and observations of De Geer, Dr. Matthey, &c. appear to have been too hastily separated, being really congenerous, @@ -7601,13 +7560,13 @@ ants, in which Gould detected them, he states their length to be not more than half an inch<a name="FNanchor_1016_1016" id="FNanchor_1016_1016"></a><a href="#Footnote_1016_1016" class="fnanchor">[1016]</a>. In caterpillars, which they sometimes infest, they are longer; in that of <i>Notodonta Ziczac</i>, De Geer found one three inches -and a half long<a name="FNanchor_1017_1017" id="FNanchor_1017_1017"></a><a href="#Footnote_1017_1017" class="fnanchor">[1017]</a>; and Rösel three, of six inches, in that of -<i>Deilephila Euphorbiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1018_1018" id="FNanchor_1018_1018"></a><a href="#Footnote_1018_1018" class="fnanchor">[1018]</a>; and in <i>Phalangium cornutum</i>, +and a half long<a name="FNanchor_1017_1017" id="FNanchor_1017_1017"></a><a href="#Footnote_1017_1017" class="fnanchor">[1017]</a>; and Rösel three, of six inches, in that of +<i>Deilephila Euphorbiæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1018_1018" id="FNanchor_1018_1018"></a><a href="#Footnote_1018_1018" class="fnanchor">[1018]</a>; and in <i>Phalangium cornutum</i>, according to Latreille, they extend to more than seven inches<a name="FNanchor_1019_1019" id="FNanchor_1019_1019"></a><a href="#Footnote_1019_1019" class="fnanchor">[1019]</a>. In the larva of a <i>Phryganea</i> L. the author first named found one which was more than a foot long, corresponding exactly with the <i>Gordius aquaticus</i> of -Linné; being forked at one extremity, brown above, +Linné; being forked at one extremity, brown above, gray below, and black at each end<a name="FNanchor_1020_1020" id="FNanchor_1020_1020"></a><a href="#Footnote_1020_1020" class="fnanchor">[1020]</a>. These animals <i>appear</i> to die as soon as they leave the body<a name="FNanchor_1021_1021" id="FNanchor_1021_1021"></a><a href="#Footnote_1021_1021" class="fnanchor">[1021]</a> they have preyed upon; except this happens in water, when their @@ -7617,7 +7576,7 @@ in knots in various places, interlacing and twisting themselves in a hundred different ways; so that when confined in the body of an insect, from their extreme suppleness and power of contortion they find sufficient space -wherein to pack their often enormous length<a name="FNanchor_1022_1022" id="FNanchor_1022_1022"></a><a href="#Footnote_1022_1022" class="fnanchor">[1022]</a>. Linné +wherein to pack their often enormous length<a name="FNanchor_1022_1022" id="FNanchor_1022_1022"></a><a href="#Footnote_1022_1022" class="fnanchor">[1022]</a>. Linné makes one of their habitats clay; and Mr. W. S. MacLeay finds them very common at Putney in clay at the bottom of pools.</p> @@ -7635,7 +7594,7 @@ dead in clay, where the water has been evaporated, or when they have been ejected by other insects; and they may revive in their bodies, as Dr. Matthey found them to do in water. It is not difficult to conjecture that the -larvæ of <i>Phryganeæ</i> may meet with them when young in +larvæ of <i>Phryganeæ</i> may meet with them when young in the water, and sometimes unluckily swallow them with their food. Why they become as dead when they emerge from their prey we cannot at present conjecture; but no @@ -7739,7 +7698,7 @@ to be acted upon even by <i>light</i><a name="FNanchor_1030_1030" id="FNanchor_1 <p>Not so our insects. These, there is good reason to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> believe, possess all the ordinary senses. That they can -<i>see</i>, <i>touch</i>, <i>taste</i>, and <i>smell</i>, no one denies. Linné and +<i>see</i>, <i>touch</i>, <i>taste</i>, and <i>smell</i>, no one denies. Linné and Bonnet, however, thought them deprived of <i>hearing</i><a name="FNanchor_1031_1031" id="FNanchor_1031_1031"></a><a href="#Footnote_1031_1031" class="fnanchor">[1031]</a>; but numerous observations prove the contrary. That they hear in their <i>larva</i> state, is evident from facts stated @@ -7754,7 +7713,7 @@ That they possess this faculty in their <i>imago</i> state is confirmed still more strongly by facts. I once was observing the motions of an <i>Apion</i> under a pocket microscope: on seeing me it receded. Upon my making a slight but distinct -noise, its antennæ started: I repeated the noise +noise, its antennæ started: I repeated the noise several times, and invariably with the same effect. A <i>Harpalus</i>, which I was holding in my hand, answered the sound in the same manner repeatedly. Flies, I have @@ -7781,11 +7740,11 @@ immediately<a name="FNanchor_1034_1034" id="FNanchor_1034_1034"></a><a href="#Fo that insects have the ordinary five senses of vertebrate animals, yet a great variety of opinions has obtained as to their external organs; so that it has been matter of -doubt, for instance, whether the <i>antennæ</i> are for smell, +doubt, for instance, whether the <i>antennæ</i> are for smell, touch, or hearing; and the <i>palpi</i> for smell, taste, or touch. Nor has the question, as it appears to me, been satisfactorily decided: for though it is now the most -general opinion that the primary use of antennæ is to +general opinion that the primary use of antennæ is to <i>explore</i> as <i>tactors</i>, yet by the most strenuous advocates of this opinion they are owned not to be <i>universally</i> so employed; so that granting this to be <i>one</i> of their principal @@ -7829,7 +7788,7 @@ with our eyes, hear with our ears, &c., we conclude, with reason, that <i>they</i> do the same.</p> <p>In inquiring therefore into what may be the most general<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span> -use of the antennæ of insects, I shall endeavour to +use of the antennæ of insects, I shall endeavour to discover whether there is any part in the higher animals to which they may be deemed to exhibit any analogy. And here I must refer you to what I have said on a former @@ -7856,7 +7815,7 @@ function of analogous organs is more or less synonymous, though perhaps the structure and <i>modus operandi</i> may be different.</p> -<p>In the letter lately referred to, I observed that the antennæ +<p>In the letter lately referred to, I observed that the antennæ of insects are analogous to <i>ears</i> in Vertebrates<a name="FNanchor_1038_1038" id="FNanchor_1038_1038"></a><a href="#Footnote_1038_1038" class="fnanchor">[1038]</a>. Their <i>number</i> corresponds; they also stand out from the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span> head; and what has weighed most with me, unless they @@ -7873,19 +7832,19 @@ I do not say direct <i>hearing</i>, or that the vibrations of sound are communicated to the sensorium by a complex structure analogous to that of the internal ear in <i>Mammalia</i>—but something <i>related</i> to hearing. I conceive -that antennæ, by a peculiar structure, may collect +that antennæ, by a peculiar structure, may collect notices from the atmosphere, receive pulses or vibrations, and communicate them to the sensorium, which, though not precisely to be called hearing, may answer the same purpose. From the <i>compound</i> eyes that most of them have, the sense of seeing in insects must be very different from what it is in vertebrate animals; and yet -we do not hesitate to call it <i>sight</i>: but since antennæ, +we do not hesitate to call it <i>sight</i>: but since antennæ, as we shall see, apparently convey a <i>mixed</i> sensation, I shall have no objection, admitting it as their primary -function, to call it after Lehmann <i>Aëroscepsy</i><a name="FNanchor_1039_1039" id="FNanchor_1039_1039"></a><a href="#Footnote_1039_1039" class="fnanchor">[1039]</a>. I lately +function, to call it after Lehmann <i>Aëroscepsy</i><a name="FNanchor_1039_1039" id="FNanchor_1039_1039"></a><a href="#Footnote_1039_1039" class="fnanchor">[1039]</a>. I lately related some instances of <i>sound</i> producing an effect on -the <i>antennæ</i> of insects: I will now mention another that +the <i>antennæ</i> of insects: I will now mention another that I observed, still more remarkable. A little moth was reposing upon my window; I made a quiet, not loud, but distinct noise: the antenna nearest to me immediately<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span> @@ -7898,12 +7857,12 @@ was not applied to a surface, but directed towards the quarter from which the sound came, as if to listen. Bonsdorf made similar observations, to which Lehmann seems not disposed to allow their proper weight<a name="FNanchor_1040_1040" id="FNanchor_1040_1040"></a><a href="#Footnote_1040_1040" class="fnanchor">[1040]</a>. It -has been used as an argument to prove that antennæ are +has been used as an argument to prove that antennæ are primarily <i>tactors</i>, or instruments of <i>touch</i>, that <i>Fœnus -Jaculator</i>, before it inserts its ovipositor, plunges its <i>antennæ</i> +Jaculator</i>, before it inserts its ovipositor, plunges its <i>antennæ</i> into the hole forming the nidus of the bee, to the grub of which it commits its egg<a name="FNanchor_1041_1041" id="FNanchor_1041_1041"></a><a href="#Footnote_1041_1041" class="fnanchor">[1041]</a>. But had those who -used this argument <i>measured</i> the antennæ and the ovipositor +used this argument <i>measured</i> the antennæ and the ovipositor of this ichneumon, they would have discovered that the latter is thrice the length of the former: and as these insects generally insert it so that even part of the @@ -7913,13 +7872,13 @@ explore by that sense. Others suppose that by these organs it <i>scents</i> out the destined nidus for its eggs; but Lehmann has satisfactorily proved that they are not <i>olfactory</i> organs. We can therefore only suppose, either -that by means of its antennæ it <i>hears</i> a slight noise produced +that by means of its antennæ it <i>hears</i> a slight noise produced by the latent grub, perhaps by the action of its mandibles; or else that by its motions it generates a <i>motion</i> in the atmosphere of its habitation, which striking -upon the antennæ of the <i>Fœnus</i>, are by them communicated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span> +upon the antennæ of the <i>Fœnus</i>, are by them communicated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span> to its sensory. A similar disproportion is observable -between the antennæ and ovipositor of <i>Pimpla +between the antennæ and ovipositor of <i>Pimpla Manifestator</i>, before signalized<a name="FNanchor_1042_1042" id="FNanchor_1042_1042"></a><a href="#Footnote_1042_1042" class="fnanchor">[1042]</a>. Bees, when collecting honey and pollen, first insert the organs in question into the flowers which they visit; but, as I have more than @@ -7930,7 +7889,7 @@ motion of the air within the blossom, which, as in the last case, affects, without immediate contact, the exploring organs.</p> -<p>If the <i>structure</i> of antennæ be taken into consideration, +<p>If the <i>structure</i> of antennæ be taken into consideration, it will furnish us with additional reasons in favour of the above hypothesis, with regard to their primary function. We shall find that these organs, in most of those insects @@ -7939,16 +7898,16 @@ with powers of motion, than they are in the mandibulate tribes; so that in the majority of the Homopterous <i>Hemiptera</i> and <i>Diptera</i>, as is generally acknowledged, they cannot be used for <i>touch</i>. Under this view, they may -be divided into <i>active</i> antennæ and <i>passive</i> antennæ: of +be divided into <i>active</i> antennæ and <i>passive</i> antennæ: of the former, the <i>most</i> active and versatile are those of the <i>Hymenoptera</i>. By means of them, as was before observed<a name="FNanchor_1043_1043" id="FNanchor_1043_1043"></a><a href="#Footnote_1043_1043" class="fnanchor">[1043]</a>, their gregarious tribes hold converse, and make <i>inquiry</i>—frequently without <i>contact</i>—in the pursuit and discharge, if I may so speak, of the various duties devolved upon them by <span class="smcap">Providence</span>. Amongst active -antennæ, some are much more <i>complex</i> in their structure +antennæ, some are much more <i>complex</i> in their structure than others—a circumstance which is often characteristic<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span> -of the <i>male</i> insect<a name="FNanchor_1044_1044" id="FNanchor_1044_1044"></a><a href="#Footnote_1044_1044" class="fnanchor">[1044]</a>: but if we examine such antennæ, +of the <i>male</i> insect<a name="FNanchor_1044_1044" id="FNanchor_1044_1044"></a><a href="#Footnote_1044_1044" class="fnanchor">[1044]</a>: but if we examine such antennæ, we shall find that their most <i>sensitive</i> parts cannot come in <i>contact</i> with the earth or other bodies for exploring their way; but having thus a greater surface @@ -7957,25 +7916,25 @@ points to receive vibrations, or any pulses or other notices communicated to it. It is thus, probably, that in their flights, when they approach within a certain distance, they discover the station of the other sex. Even the -plumose antennæ of male gnats may in some respects +plumose antennæ of male gnats may in some respects thus be acted upon. In the Lamellicorn beetles, the -knob of these organs in both sexes consists of laminæ, +knob of these organs in both sexes consists of laminæ, the external ones on their outside, of a corneous substance; -while their internal surface, and the inner laminæ—which +while their internal surface, and the inner laminæ—which are included between them, as an oyster between -the valves of its shell—are covered with nervous papillæ. +the valves of its shell—are covered with nervous papillæ. If you examine the proceedings of one of these little animals, you will find before it moves from a state of -repose that its antennæ emerge, and the laminæ diverge +repose that its antennæ emerge, and the laminæ diverge from each other; but that it does not apply them to <i>surfaces</i> to explore its way, but merely keeps them <i>open</i> to -receive notices from the atmosphere. Even <i>simple</i> antennæ +receive notices from the atmosphere. Even <i>simple</i> antennæ are often employed in this way, as well as for touch. I once noticed a species of <i>Leptocerus</i>, a trichopterous genus, in which these organs are very long, that -was perched upon a blade of grass; its antennæ vibrated, +was perched upon a blade of grass; its antennæ vibrated, and it kept moving them from side to side in the air, as -if thus by aëroscepsy it was inquiring what was passing +if thus by aëroscepsy it was inquiring what was passing around it. Dr. Wollaston has an observation bearing so<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span> precisely upon this question, and in general so extremely similar to what is here advanced, that I must copy it for @@ -8001,7 +7960,7 @@ theirs; but their hearing or analogous sense is much nicer than ours, collecting the slightest vibratiuncle imparted by other insects, &c. to the air. In inquiring how this is done, it may be asked—How know we that -every joint of some antennæ is not an acoustic organ, in +every joint of some antennæ is not an acoustic organ, in a certain sense distinct from the rest? We see that the eyes of insects are usually compound, and consist of numerous distinct lenses;—why may not their external @@ -8015,12 +7974,12 @@ to you reasonable or the contrary; and in the hope that some anatomist of insects, who, to the sagacity and depth of a Cuvier and a Savigny adds the hand and eye of a Lyonet, may give to the world the results of a more minute -dissection and fuller investigation of the antennæ +dissection and fuller investigation of the antennæ of these animals, than has yet been undertaken.</p> <p>But besides receiving notices from the atmosphere, of sounds, and of the approach or proximity of other insects, -&c., the antennæ are probably the organs by which +&c., the antennæ are probably the organs by which insects can discover alterations in its state, and foretel by certain prognostics when a change of weather is approaching. Bees possess this faculty to an admirable @@ -8035,7 +7994,7 @@ going and returning, although no other indication of wet should be discoverable, clouds will soon arise and rain come on. Ants also are observed to be excellently gifted in this respect: though they daily bring out -their larvæ to sun them, they are never overtaken by +their larvæ to sun them, they are never overtaken by sudden showers<a name="FNanchor_1046_1046" id="FNanchor_1046_1046"></a><a href="#Footnote_1046_1046" class="fnanchor">[1046]</a>. Previously to rain, as you well know,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span> numberless insects seek the house; then the <i>Stomoxys calcitrans</i>, leaving more ignoble prey, attacks us in our @@ -8044,7 +8003,7 @@ The insects of prey also foresee the approach of wet weather, and the access of flies, &c. to places of shelter. Then the spiders issue from their lurking-places, and the ground-beetles in the evening run about our houses. -Passive antennæ, which are usually furnished with a +Passive antennæ, which are usually furnished with a terminal or lateral bristle, and plumose and pectinated ones, seem calculated for the action of the <i>electric</i> and other fluids dispersed in the atmosphere, which in certain @@ -8067,16 +8026,16 @@ the probability of the opinion<a name="FNanchor_1049_1049" id="FNanchor_1049_104 <p>From all that has been said, I think you will be disposed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span> to admit that the primary and most universal -function of the antennæ is to be the organs of a sense, if +function of the antennæ is to be the organs of a sense, if not the same, at least analogous to <i>hearing</i>, and answering the same end; something perhaps between it and touch. In some, however, as has been found in the <i>Crustacea</i>, an organ of hearing, in the ordinary sense, -may exist at the base of the antennæ, which may act the +may exist at the base of the antennæ, which may act the part in some measure of the external ear, and collect and transmit the sound to such organ<a name="FNanchor_1050_1050" id="FNanchor_1050_1050"></a><a href="#Footnote_1050_1050" class="fnanchor">[1050]</a>.</p> -<p>That numerous antennæ, as a <i>secondary</i> function, explore +<p>That numerous antennæ, as a <i>secondary</i> function, explore by <i>touch</i>, is admitted on all hands, and therefore I need not enlarge further upon this point; but shall proceed to inquire whether insects do not possess some @@ -8097,7 +8056,7 @@ the points that are covered by a thinner cuticle are often numerous; so that touch, at least in a <i>passive</i> sense, may be pretty generally dispersed over their bodies; but <i>active</i> or exploring touch is confined to a few organs, as -the <i>antennæ</i>, the <i>palpi</i>, and the <i>arms</i>. The two last I +the <i>antennæ</i>, the <i>palpi</i>, and the <i>arms</i>. The two last I shall now discuss.</p> <p>Various opinions have been started concerning the use @@ -8115,16 +8074,16 @@ when they walk, are frequently, or rather without intermission, applied to the surface on which they are moving—this you may easily see by placing one upon your hand; which seems to indicate that they are <i>feelers</i>. In -the <i>Araneidæ</i> they are used as <i>legs</i>; and by the males +the <i>Araneidæ</i> they are used as <i>legs</i>; and by the males at least, as <i>exciting</i> if they be not really <i>genital</i> organs<a name="FNanchor_1054_1054" id="FNanchor_1054_1054"></a><a href="#Footnote_1054_1054" class="fnanchor">[1054]</a>. -In the <i>Scorpionidæ</i> they answer the purpose of <i>hands</i>: -besides being usually much shorter than antennæ, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span> +In the <i>Scorpionidæ</i> they answer the purpose of <i>hands</i>: +besides being usually much shorter than antennæ, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span> are better calculated to assist an insect in threading the dark and tortuous labyrinths through which it has often -to grope its way, and where antennæ cannot be employed. +to grope its way, and where antennæ cannot be employed. I have noticed that <i>Hydrophili</i>—in which genus the -<i>palpi</i> are longer than the antennæ—when they swim, -have their antennæ folded; while the former are stretched +<i>palpi</i> are longer than the antennæ—when they swim, +have their antennæ folded; while the former are stretched out in front, as exploring before them. As these are attached to the under-jaws and under-lip, we may suppose they are particularly useful to insects in taking @@ -8132,29 +8091,29 @@ their food; and upon this occasion I have often observed that they are remarkably active. I have seen <i>Byturus tomentosus</i>, a beetle which feeds upon pollen, employ them in opening anthers; and the maxillary pair appear -to me to assist the maxillæ in holding the food, while +to me to assist the maxillæ in holding the food, while the mandibles are at work upon it.</p> <p>The <i>arms</i> or fore-legs of some insects are also organs of <i>active</i> touch, being used, as we have seen, for cleaning the head, digging, repairing their dwellings, and the -like<a name="FNanchor_1055_1055" id="FNanchor_1055_1055"></a><a href="#Footnote_1055_1055" class="fnanchor">[1055]</a>. By the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, which have very short antennæ, +like<a name="FNanchor_1055_1055" id="FNanchor_1055_1055"></a><a href="#Footnote_1055_1055" class="fnanchor">[1055]</a>. By the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, which have very short antennæ, the fore-legs, when they fly, are extended before the head, parallel with each other and quite united—probably to assist in cutting the air. The <i>Trichoptera</i> use -their antennæ for the same purpose.</p> +their antennæ for the same purpose.</p> <hr class="tb" /> <p>Another sense of which the organ seems uncertain is that of <i>smelling</i>, and various and conflicting opinions have been circulated concerning it. Christian thought -that insects smell <i>distant</i> objects with their <i>antennæ</i>, and +that insects smell <i>distant</i> objects with their <i>antennæ</i>, and <i>near</i> ones with their <i>palpi</i><a name="FNanchor_1056_1056" id="FNanchor_1056_1056"></a><a href="#Footnote_1056_1056" class="fnanchor">[1056]</a>. Comparetti has a most singular<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span> opinion. He supposes in different tribes of insects that different parts are organs of smell: in the <i>Lamellicorns</i> he conjectures the seat of this sense to reside in the -<i>knob</i> of the <i>antennæ</i>; in the <i>Lepidoptera</i> in the <i>antlia</i>; +<i>knob</i> of the <i>antennæ</i>; in the <i>Lepidoptera</i> in the <i>antlia</i>; and in some <i>Diptera</i> and <i>Orthoptera</i> in certain <i>frontal cells</i><a name="FNanchor_1057_1057" id="FNanchor_1057_1057"></a><a href="#Footnote_1057_1057" class="fnanchor">[1057]</a>. At first sight, one of the most reasonable opinions seems to be that of Baster, adopted by Lehmann, @@ -8162,19 +8121,19 @@ and which has received the sanction of Cuvier<a name="FNanchor_1058_1058" id="FN the <i>spiracles</i> are organs of smell as well as of respiration. Lehmann has adduced several arguments in support of this opinion. Because we both respire and smell with -our nostrils, he concludes that neither the antennæ nor +our nostrils, he concludes that neither the antennæ nor any other part of the head of insects can serve for <i>smell</i>, since they are not the seat also of <i>respiration</i>; and that there can be no smell where the air is not inspired<a name="FNanchor_1059_1059" id="FNanchor_1059_1059"></a><a href="#Footnote_1059_1059" class="fnanchor">[1059]</a>. Again, because nerves from the ganglions of the spinal -chord terminate in bronchiæ near the spiracles, they +chord terminate in bronchiæ near the spiracles, they must be for receiving scents from those openings. Though it was necessary, in the higher animals, that the organ of scent should be near the mouth, because they are larger than their food; yet the reverse of this being the case with insects, which often even reside in what they eat, it is to them of no importance where their sense of smelling -resides<a name="FNanchor_1060_1060" id="FNanchor_1060_1060"></a><a href="#Footnote_1060_1060" class="fnanchor">[1060]</a>. By exposing antennæ, by means of an orifice +resides<a name="FNanchor_1060_1060" id="FNanchor_1060_1060"></a><a href="#Footnote_1060_1060" class="fnanchor">[1060]</a>. By exposing antennæ, by means of an orifice in a glass vessel, to the action of stimulant odours, they appeared quite insensible to it: but he does not name the result of any experiment in which he exposed the @@ -8219,13 +8178,13 @@ kind also in the sense of smell. Besides, smell does not <i>invariably</i> accompany respiratory organs even in the higher animals,—for we <i>breathe</i> with our <i>mouths</i>, but do not smell with them. Cuvier says that the <i>internal</i> membrane -of the tracheæ being soft and moist, appears calculated +of the tracheæ being soft and moist, appears calculated to receive scents<a name="FNanchor_1064_1064" id="FNanchor_1064_1064"></a><a href="#Footnote_1064_1064" class="fnanchor">[1064]</a>. But here his memory failed him; for it is the <i>external</i> membrane alone that answers this description; the <i>internal</i> consisting of a spiral elastic thread, and seeming not at all fitted to receive impressions, but merely to convey the air<a name="FNanchor_1065_1065" id="FNanchor_1065_1065"></a><a href="#Footnote_1065_1065" class="fnanchor">[1065]</a>. That nerves penetrate -to the bronchiæ, does not necessarily imply that they are +to the bronchiæ, does not necessarily imply that they are connected with the sense in question, since this may be to act upon the muscles which are every where distributed.</p> @@ -8241,7 +8200,7 @@ whether he presented it to the abdomen, the trunk, or the head, the animal equally disregarded it. Next, using a very fine hair-pencil, while the bee had extended its proboscis, he presented the pencil to it, to the eyes -and antennæ, without producing any effect; but when he +and antennæ, without producing any effect; but when he pointed it <i>near the cavity of the mouth, above the insertion</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span> <i>of the proboscis</i>, the creature started back in an instant, quitted its food, clapped its wings, and walked about in @@ -8299,14 +8258,14 @@ Next divide the head horizontally; and under the nose, and partly under this space, which I call the <i>rhinarium</i> or nostril-piece<a name="FNanchor_1068_1068" id="FNanchor_1068_1068"></a><a href="#Footnote_1068_1068" class="fnanchor">[1068]</a>, you will find a pair of circular pulpy cushions, covered by a membrane transversely -striated with beautifully fine striæ. <i>These</i> are what I +striated with beautifully fine striæ. <i>These</i> are what I take to be the organs of smell, and they still remain distinctly visible in a specimen I have had by me more than fifteen years. A similar organ may be discovered<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span> in the common water-beetle (<i>Dytiscus marginalis</i>), but with this peculiarity, that it is furnished with a pair of <i>nipples</i>. I have before described an analogous part covered -with papillæ, in <i>Æshna viatica</i>, and you will find +with papillæ, in <i>Æshna viatica</i>, and you will find it in other insects<a name="FNanchor_1069_1069" id="FNanchor_1069_1069"></a><a href="#Footnote_1069_1069" class="fnanchor">[1069]</a>. Perhaps at first this part may seem merely a continuation of the palate; but if you consider the peculiarities in its structure just noticed, it is evidently @@ -8323,7 +8282,7 @@ further confirmation from an observation of an eminent Comparative Anatomist, M. Carus, with respect to <i>Acrida verrucivora</i>, in which under the <i>nose</i> and <i>rhinarium</i>, as appears from his description, he found -some tracheæ, and two lobes of the cerebral ganglion, +some tracheæ, and two lobes of the cerebral ganglion, which caused him to regard this as the seat of the sense of smell<a name="FNanchor_1070_1070" id="FNanchor_1070_1070"></a><a href="#Footnote_1070_1070" class="fnanchor">[1070]</a>. He also tells us that Rosenthal, in the blue-bottle-fly (<i>Musca vomitoria</i>) places the sense of smell @@ -8354,7 +8313,7 @@ structure both external and internal, and their diversified organs both of sense and motion—I think you will be disposed to own, that in no part of his works is the hand of an <span class="smcap">Almighty</span> and <span class="smcap">All-wise Creator</span> more visibly -displayed, than in these minutiæ of creation; that +displayed, than in these minutiæ of creation; that they are equally worthy of the attention and study of the Christian Philosopher with any of the higher departments of the animal kingdom; and that all praise is due @@ -8380,7 +8339,7 @@ TERMS.</i></h3> <p>It was by the language of <i>terms</i> that he invented and employed, as well as by his system and methods of arrangement, -that Linné smoothed the way to the study of +that Linné smoothed the way to the study of Natural History;—having therefore led you through a large portion of the <i>flowery</i> fields of the Science of Entomology, I must now conduct you into that <i>arid</i> but not @@ -8489,7 +8448,7 @@ section is shorter than the <i>vertical</i>.—Ex. <i>Centrotus cornutus</i>: <i>Abdomen</i> in <i>Cynips</i>.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Plump</span> (<i>Pinguis</i>). Naturally and proportionably -plump.—Ex. <i>Thylacites</i>, &c. Most of the <i>Cicadæ</i>.</p> +plump.—Ex. <i>Thylacites</i>, &c. Most of the <i>Cicadæ</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Obese</span> (<i>Obesa</i>). Unnaturally enlarged and distended, as if from disease or too much food. Ex. <i>Chrysomela @@ -8507,7 +8466,7 @@ with air.—Ex. <i>Pneumora</i>.</p></blockquote> <i>Copris</i>.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Incrassate</span> (<i>Incrassata</i>). Disproportionably thick -in part.—Ex. <i>Base</i> of the <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Æshna</i> and +in part.—Ex. <i>Base</i> of the <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Æshna</i> and many <i>Libellulina</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Slender</span> (<i>Tenuis</i>). Disproportionably slender @@ -8542,7 +8501,7 @@ part.—Ex. <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Libellulina</i>.</p> <i>Copris</i>.</p> <p>12. <span class="smcap">Abbreviate</span> (<i>Abbreviata</i>). Disproportionably short -in part.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Staphylinidæ</i>, <i>Atractocerus</i>, +in part.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Staphylinidæ</i>, <i>Atractocerus</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> @@ -8580,7 +8539,7 @@ angles. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.ht <p>8. <span class="smcap">Sagittate</span> (<i>Sagittata</i>). Arrow-shaped. Triangular, hollowed out at the base with posterior angles. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 41. <i>w´´´</i>.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 41. <i>w´´´</i>.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Hastate</span> (<i>Hastata</i>). Halberd-shaped. Triangular, hollowed out at the base and sides with the @@ -8602,12 +8561,12 @@ in a point.—Ex. <i>Ovipositor</i> of <i>Acrida viridissima</i>. <p>13. <span class="smcap">Lanceolate</span> (<i>Lanceolata</i>). Oblong and gradually tapering towards each extremity.—Ex. The <i>Cerci</i> -in <i>Blatta</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 23. <i>Q´´</i>.</p> +in <i>Blatta</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 23. <i>Q´´</i>.</p> <p>14. <span class="smcap">Sigmoidal</span> (<i>Sigmoidea</i>). S-shaped. Lanceolate and concave on one side at the base, and on the other at the apex.—Ex. <i>Ovipositor</i> of <i>Cimbex</i>, -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21. <i>H´´</i>.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21. <i>H´´</i>.</p> <p>15. <span class="smcap">Cuneate</span> (<i>Cuneata</i>). Wedge-shaped. Having the <i>longitudinal</i> diameter exceeding the <i>transverse</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span> @@ -8617,7 +8576,7 @@ and narrowing gradually downwards. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../ <p>16. <span class="smcap">Acinacicate</span> (<i>Acinacicata</i>). Falchion-shaped. Curved with the apex truncate, and growing gradually wider towards the end.—Ex. <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Ophion</i>, -<i>Fœnus</i>, and other <i>Ichneumonidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1080_1080" id="FNanchor_1080_1080"></a><a href="#Footnote_1080_1080" class="fnanchor">[1080]</a>.</p> +<i>Fœnus</i>, and other <i>Ichneumonidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1080_1080" id="FNanchor_1080_1080"></a><a href="#Footnote_1080_1080" class="fnanchor">[1080]</a>.</p> <p>17. <span class="smcap">Lunulate</span> (<i>Lunulata</i>). Crescent-shaped. Curved with both ends acute, like the moon in her first @@ -8626,7 +8585,7 @@ quarter.—Ex. <i>Last</i> joint of the <i>labial palpi</i> of <p>18. <span class="smcap">Falcate</span> (<i>Falcata</i>). Sickle-shaped. Curved with the apex acute.—Ex. <i>Ovipositor</i> of <i>Acrida varia</i>. -<i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Atractocerus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8.</p> +<i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Atractocerus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8.</p> <p>19. <span class="smcap">Linear</span> (<i>Linearis</i>). Narrow and of the same width throughout.—Ex. <i>Wings</i> of <i>Pterophorus monodactylus</i>.</p> @@ -8637,7 +8596,7 @@ throughout.—Ex. <i>Wings</i> of <i>Pterophorus monodactylus</i>.</p> <p>21. <span class="smcap">Cultrate</span> (<i>Cultrata</i>). Coulter-shaped. Straight on one side and curved on the other.—Ex. <i>Ovipositor</i> -of some <i>Saw-flies</i>. <i>Under-wing</i> of many <i>Ichneumonidæ</i>.</p> +of some <i>Saw-flies</i>. <i>Under-wing</i> of many <i>Ichneumonidæ</i>.</p> <p>22. <span class="smcap">Spatulate</span> (<i>Spatulata</i>). Spatula-shaped. Broader and rounded at the <i>apex</i>, linear and narrow at @@ -8657,7 +8616,7 @@ with the sides <i>equal</i> and the angles <i>right</i> angles.</p> <p>26. <span class="smcap">Rhomboid</span> (<i>Rhomboidea</i>). Quadrilateral with the sides equal, but with two opposite angles <i>acute</i>, and -two <i>obtuse</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 62. <i>t´´</i>.</p> +two <i>obtuse</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 62. <i>t´´</i>.</p> <p>27. <span class="smcap">Trapezate</span> (<i>Trapezata</i>). Quadrilateral with the <i>four</i> sides unequal, and none of them perfectly parallel. @@ -8665,7 +8624,7 @@ two <i>obtuse</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII <p>28. <span class="smcap">Trapezoid</span> (<i>Trapezoidea</i>). Quadrilateral, with <i>two</i> sides unequal and parallel<a name="FNanchor_1081_1081" id="FNanchor_1081_1081"></a><a href="#Footnote_1081_1081" class="fnanchor">[1081]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. -<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 34. b´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 34. b´.</p> <p>29. <span class="smcap">Parallelogramical</span> (<i>Parallelogramica</i>). Quadrilateral, with <i>all</i> the angles right angles, and <i>all</i> @@ -8676,7 +8635,7 @@ the sides parallel, but two longer than the others.</p></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Spherical</span> (<i>Sphærica</i>). The shape of a <i>globe</i>. A body +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Spherical</span> (<i>Sphærica</i>). The shape of a <i>globe</i>. A body whose diameter every way is equal. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XX">XX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5.</p> @@ -8716,7 +8675,7 @@ and <i>horizontal</i> circular.—Ex. <i>Abdomen</i> of <p>10. <span class="smcap">Turbiniform</span> (<i>Turbiniformis</i>). Whose <i>vertical</i> section is turbinate, and <i>horizontal</i> circular.—Ex. -<i>Joints</i> of <i>antennæ</i> of <i>Aleochara socialis</i>, and many +<i>Joints</i> of <i>antennæ</i> of <i>Aleochara socialis</i>, and many others of that genus.</p> <p>11. <span class="smcap">Pyramidal</span> (<i>Pyramidalis</i>). Whose <i>vertical</i> section @@ -8763,7 +8722,7 @@ sides; <i>four</i> sides; <i>five</i> sides; <i>six</i> sides; <i>many</i> sides <p>20. <span class="smcap">Prismoidal</span> (<i>Prismoidalis</i>). Having more than <i>four</i> sides and whose <i>horizontal</i> section is a polygon<a name="FNanchor_1083_1083" id="FNanchor_1083_1083"></a><a href="#Footnote_1083_1083" class="fnanchor">[1083]</a>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13. <i>a, b,</i> d´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13. <i>a, b,</i> d´.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span></p> <p>21. <span class="smcap">Trapeziform</span> (<i>Trapeziformis</i>). Whose <i>horizontal</i> section is a <i>Trapezium</i>.</p> @@ -8892,13 +8851,13 @@ of <i>Sinodendrum cylindricum</i>.</p></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Equate</span><a name="FNanchor_1085_1085" id="FNanchor_1085_1085"></a><a href="#Footnote_1085_1085" class="fnanchor">[1085]</a> (<i>Æquata</i>). Without <i>larger</i> partial elevations +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Equate</span><a name="FNanchor_1085_1085" id="FNanchor_1085_1085"></a><a href="#Footnote_1085_1085" class="fnanchor">[1085]</a> (<i>Æquata</i>). Without <i>larger</i> partial elevations or depressions.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Smooth</span> (<i>Lævis</i>). Without <i>smaller</i> partial elevations +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Smooth</span> (<i>Lævis</i>). Without <i>smaller</i> partial elevations or depressions.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Levigate</span> (<i>Lævigata</i>). Without <i>any</i> partial elevations +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Levigate</span> (<i>Lævigata</i>). Without <i>any</i> partial elevations or depressions.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span></p> @@ -8920,7 +8879,7 @@ Impression on the <i>Head</i> and <i>Prothorax</i> of mark of the small-pox.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Variolous</span> (<i>Variolosa</i>). Beset with many varioles.—Ex. -<i>Scarabæus variolosus</i>.</p> +<i>Scarabæus variolosus</i>.</p> <p>10. <span class="smcap">Umbilicate</span> (<i>Umbilicata</i>). When a variole, tubercle, granule, &c. has a <i>depression</i> in its centre.—Ex. @@ -8938,13 +8897,13 @@ depression.</p> <p>14. <span class="smcap">Fossulate</span> (<i>Fossulata</i>). Having one or more fossulets.—Ex. <i>Oxytelus rugosus</i>, &c.</p> -<p>15. <span class="smcap">Unequal</span> (<i>Inæqualis</i>). Having very slight and indeterminate +<p>15. <span class="smcap">Unequal</span> (<i>Inæqualis</i>). Having very slight and indeterminate excavations.—Ex. <i>Prothorax</i> of <i>Silpha thoracica</i>, <i>Cerambyx moschatus</i>, &c.</p> <p>16. <span class="smcap">Lacunose</span> (<i>Lacunosa</i>). Having a few scattered, irregular, broadish but shallow excavations.—Ex. -<i>Elytra</i> of <i>Donacia vittata</i>, <i>Sagittariæ</i>, &c.</p> +<i>Elytra</i> of <i>Donacia vittata</i>, <i>Sagittariæ</i>, &c.</p> <p>17. <span class="smcap">Rimose</span> (<i>Rimosa</i>). Chinky, resembling the bark of a tree. Having numerous minute, narrow and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span> @@ -9036,7 +8995,7 @@ of a different colour from the rest of the surface, resembling <i>scars</i>.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Ptomaphila lachrymosa</i> K. MS<a name="FNanchor_1087_1087" id="FNanchor_1087_1087"></a><a href="#Footnote_1087_1087" class="fnanchor">[1087]</a>.</p> -<p>38. <span class="smcap">Embossed</span> (<i>Cælata</i>). Having several plane tracts +<p>38. <span class="smcap">Embossed</span> (<i>Cælata</i>). Having several plane tracts of a different shape higher than the rest of the surface.—Ex. <i>Prothorax</i> of <i>Prionus damicornis</i>, <i>maxillosus</i>, &c.</p> @@ -9053,7 +9012,7 @@ of <i>Cerambyx moschatus</i>.</p> <p>42. <span class="smcap">Verruca</span>. A small flattish wart-like prominence.</p> -<p>43. <span class="smcap">Verrucose</span> (<i>Verrucosa</i>). Having several <i>verrucæ</i>.—Ex. +<p>43. <span class="smcap">Verrucose</span> (<i>Verrucosa</i>). Having several <i>verrucæ</i>.—Ex. <i>Pimelia muricata</i>.</p> <p>44. <span class="smcap">Muricate</span> (<i>Muricata</i>). Armed with sharp thick, @@ -9087,7 +9046,7 @@ an elevation in its centre.</p> oblong tubercles resembling a <i>chain</i>.—Ex. <i>Carabus catenulatus</i>.</p> -<p>53. <span class="smcap">Spherulate</span> (<i>Sphærulata</i>). Having one or more +<p>53. <span class="smcap">Spherulate</span> (<i>Sphærulata</i>). Having one or more rows of minute tubercles.—Ex. <i>Trox lutosus</i>, <i>Limnius tuberculatus</i>.</p> @@ -9146,7 +9105,7 @@ limbata</i>.</p> <p>8. <span class="smcap">Stupeous</span> (<i>Stupea</i>). Covered with long loose scales resembling <i>tow</i>.—Ex. The <i>Palpi</i> of <i>Lepidoptera</i>. -<i>Antennæ</i> of some <i>Diptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> +<i>Antennæ</i> of some <i>Diptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 23.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Pilose</span> (<i>Pilosa</i>). Covered with long distinct flexible @@ -9176,7 +9135,7 @@ hairs.—Ex. Genus <i>Lagria</i>.</p> <p>16. <span class="smcap">Tomentose</span> (<i>Tomentosa</i>). Covered with short interwoven inconspicuous hairs.—Ex. <i>Acanthocinus -Ædilis</i>.</p> +Ædilis</i>.</p> <p>17. <span class="smcap">Pubescent</span> (<i>Pubescens</i>). Covered with very fine decumbent short hairs.—Ex. <i>Harpalus ruficornis</i>, @@ -9224,7 +9183,7 @@ of <i>Melitta</i> and <i>Apis</i> Kirby.</p> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Cirrus</span> (<i>Cirrus</i>). A lock of curling hair.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Cirrose</span> (<i>Cirrosa</i>). Having one or more <i>cirri</i>.—Ex. -<i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Acanthocinus araneiformis</i>.</p> +<i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Acanthocinus araneiformis</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Fascicule</span> (<i>Fasciculus</i>). A bundle of thick-set hairs often converging at the apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIX">XIX</a>. @@ -9252,7 +9211,7 @@ c. 2. α. K.).</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Barbate</span> (<i>Barbata</i>). When any part is clothed with longer hairs, resembling a <i>beard</i>.—Ex. <i>Anus</i> -of <i>Macroglossa stellatarum</i>. <i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Cerambyx +of <i>Macroglossa stellatarum</i>. <i>Antennæ</i> of <i>Cerambyx Ammiralis</i> L. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 26.</p> <p>10. <span class="smcap">Ciliate</span> (<i>Ciliata</i>). When the margin is fringed @@ -9261,7 +9220,7 @@ with a row of <i>parallel</i> hairs.—Ex. The <i>base</i> and <p>11. <span class="smcap">Fimbriate</span> (<i>Fimbriata</i>). When a part is terminated by hairs or bristles that are not parallel.—Ex. <i>Anus</i> -of many <i>Andrenæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1090_1090" id="FNanchor_1090_1090"></a><a href="#Footnote_1090_1090" class="fnanchor">[1090]</a>. (<i>Melitta</i> **. c. K.).</p> +of many <i>Andrenæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1090_1090" id="FNanchor_1090_1090"></a><a href="#Footnote_1090_1090" class="fnanchor">[1090]</a>. (<i>Melitta</i> **. c. K.).</p> <p>12. <span class="smcap">Comate</span> (<i>Comata</i>). When very long flexible hairs thickly cover a space in the upper surface.</p> @@ -9314,7 +9273,7 @@ or brown.—Ex. <i>Curculio nebulosus</i>.</p> <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Nomada</i> (<i>Apis</i> *. b. K.), <i>Crabro</i>, &c.</p> <p>10. <span class="smcap">Straw-coloured</span> (<i>Stramineus</i>). Pale yellow with a -very faint tint of blue.—Ex. <i>Ennomos cratægata</i>.</p> +very faint tint of blue.—Ex. <i>Ennomos cratægata</i>.</p> <p>11. <span class="smcap">Sulphureous</span> (<i>Sulphureus</i>). Yellow with a tint of green. The colour of <i>brimstone</i>.—Ex. <i>Gonepteryx @@ -9335,8 +9294,8 @@ Yellow in the <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Trichius fasciatus</i>.</p> <p>15. <span class="smcap">Miniatous</span> (<i>Miniatus</i>). The colour of <i>red lead</i>.—Ex. <i>Secondary wings</i> of <i>Euprepia Caja</i>.</p> -<p>16. <span class="smcap">Fulgid</span> (<i>Fulgidus</i>). A bright fiery red.—Ex. <i>Lycæna -Virgaureæ</i> and <i>Hippothoe</i>.</p> +<p>16. <span class="smcap">Fulgid</span> (<i>Fulgidus</i>). A bright fiery red.—Ex. <i>Lycæna +Virgaureæ</i> and <i>Hippothoe</i>.</p> <p>17. <span class="smcap">Rufous</span> (<i>Rufus</i>). A pale red.—Ex. <i>Apion frumentarium</i>.</p> @@ -9381,17 +9340,17 @@ Cyanus</i>.—Ex. <i>Disk</i> of the <i>Wings</i> of <i>Papilio Ulysses</i>. <p>28. <span class="smcap">Azure</span> (<i>Azureus</i>). A paler and more brilliant blue.—Ex. <i>Wings</i> of <i>Morpho Menelaus</i>, <i>Telemachus</i>, &c.</p> -<p>29. <span class="smcap">Sky-Blue</span> (<i>Cæruleus</i>). A paler blue. The colour of +<p>29. <span class="smcap">Sky-Blue</span> (<i>Cæruleus</i>). A paler blue. The colour of the <i>sky</i>.—Ex. <i>Polyommatus Adonis</i>.</p> -<p>30. <span class="smcap">Cæsious</span> (<i>Cæsius</i>). Very pale blue with a little +<p>30. <span class="smcap">Cæsious</span> (<i>Cæsius</i>). Very pale blue with a little black. The colour of <i>blue eyes</i>.—Ex. <i>Under side</i> of the <i>Wings</i> of <i>Polyommatus Argiolus</i>.</p> <p>31. <span class="smcap">Green</span> (<i>Viridis</i>). Equal parts of blue and yellow.—Ex. <i>Cicindela campestris</i>.</p> -<p>32. <span class="smcap">Æruginous</span> (<i>Æruginosus</i>). Green with a blue +<p>32. <span class="smcap">Æruginous</span> (<i>Æruginosus</i>). Green with a blue tint. The colour of the <i>rust of copper</i>, <i>verdigris</i>.—Ex. <i>Polydrosus Cnides</i>.</p> @@ -9476,7 +9435,7 @@ capensis</i>.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Opaline</span> (<i>Opalinus</i>). A blueish white reflecting the prismatic colours. The splendour of the <i>opal</i>.—Ex. -<i>Wings</i> of <i>Notonecta glauca</i> and some <i>Nepæ</i>.</p> +<i>Wings</i> of <i>Notonecta glauca</i> and some <i>Nepæ</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Crystalline</span> (<i>Crystallinus</i>). The white splendour of <i>crystal</i> or glass.—Ex. <i>Stemmata</i> of many <i>Hymenoptera</i>, @@ -9506,13 +9465,13 @@ Lathonia</i>, &c.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Golden</span> (<i>Aureus</i>). The splendour of <i>gold</i>.—Ex. <i>Entimus imperialis</i>. <i>Spot</i> in the <i>Wings</i> of <i>Plusia -Festucæ</i>.</p> +Festucæ</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Orichalceous</span> (<i>Orichalceus</i>). A splendour intermediate between that of <i>gold</i> and <i>brass</i>.—Ex. <i>Upper Wings</i> of <i>Plusia Chrysitis</i>.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Æneous</span> (<i>Æneus</i>). The splendour of <i>brass</i>.—Ex. +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Æneous</span> (<i>Æneus</i>). The splendour of <i>brass</i>.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Carabus clathratus</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Cupreous</span> (<i>Cupreus</i>). The reddening splendour of @@ -9528,14 +9487,14 @@ Quadra</i>.</p> <p>7. <span class="smcap">Plumbeous</span> (<i>Plumbeus</i>). The colour of <i>lead</i>.—Ex. <i>Prothorax</i> of <i>Clytra dentata</i>?</p> -<p>8. <span class="smcap">Inaurate</span> (<i>Inauratus</i>). When striæ or other <i>impressed</i> +<p>8. <span class="smcap">Inaurate</span> (<i>Inauratus</i>). When striæ or other <i>impressed</i> parts have a metallic splendour.—Ex. <i>Margin</i> of <i>Prothorax</i> and <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Carabus violaceus</i>. -<i>Striæ</i> of <i>Elytra</i> &c. of <i>Phanæus Mimas</i>.</p> +<i>Striæ</i> of <i>Elytra</i> &c. of <i>Phanæus Mimas</i>.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Deaurate</span> (<i>Deauratus</i>). A metallic hue which looks as if the gilding was worn off.—Ex. <i>Donacia -ænea</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> +ænea</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> <p class="center">c. <span class="smcap">bombycine.</span></p> @@ -9555,7 +9514,7 @@ of <i>satin</i>.—Ex. <i>Chlamys Bacca</i>, <i>monstrosa</i>, &c.</p></ <p>1. <span class="smcap">Resplendent</span> (<i>Splendens</i>). Reflecting the light intensely.—Ex. The <i>Head</i> and <i>Thorax</i> of <i>Philonthus -splendens</i>, <i>æneus</i>, <i>politus</i>, &c.</p> +splendens</i>, <i>æneus</i>, <i>politus</i>, &c.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Shining</span> (<i>Nitidus</i>). Reflecting the light, but less intensely.—Ex. <i>Dytiscus marginalis</i>.</p> @@ -9567,7 +9526,7 @@ of a bloom upon it like that of a plum, but which and <i>brunnea</i>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span></p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Obscure</span> (<i>Obscurus</i>). A surface which reflects the -light but little.—Ex. <i>Pælobius Hermanni</i>.</p> +light but little.—Ex. <i>Pælobius Hermanni</i>.</p> <p>5, <span class="smcap">Opaque</span> (<i>Opacus</i>). A surface which does not reflect the light at all.—Ex. <i>Trox sabulosus</i>, <i>arenarius</i>. @@ -9603,7 +9562,7 @@ Paris.</i></p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Gutta</span> (<i>Gutta</i><a name="FNanchor_1092_1092" id="FNanchor_1092_1092"></a><a href="#Footnote_1092_1092" class="fnanchor">[1092]</a>). A roundish dot intermediate in size between an <i>atom</i> and a <i>macula</i>.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Guttate</span> (<i>Guttata</i>). Sprinkled with <i>guttæ</i>.—Ex. +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Guttate</span> (<i>Guttata</i>). Sprinkled with <i>guttæ</i>.—Ex. <i>Coccinella</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Macula</span> (<i>Macula</i>). A larger indeterminately shaped @@ -9632,9 +9591,9 @@ a dark ground.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Dytiscus marginalis</i>.</p> <p>12. <span class="smcap">Shadow</span> (<i>Umbra</i>). A slight shade, not easily perceptible upon a paler ground.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of -<i>Acanthocinus Ædilis</i>. <i>Wings</i> of <i>Plutella asperella</i>.</p> +<i>Acanthocinus Ædilis</i>. <i>Wings</i> of <i>Plutella asperella</i>.</p> -<p>13. <span class="smcap">Signatures</span> (<i>Signaturæ</i>). Markings upon a surface +<p>13. <span class="smcap">Signatures</span> (<i>Signaturæ</i>). Markings upon a surface resembling in some degree letters and characters.</p> <p>14. <span class="smcap">Signate</span> (<i>Signatus</i>). Marked with signatures.—Ex. @@ -9646,7 +9605,7 @@ with the resemblance of a letter of any language.—Ex. <p>16. <span class="smcap">Hieroglyphic</span> (<i>Hieroglyphicus</i>). Painted with characters somewhat resembling hieroglyphics.—Ex. -<i>Acrocinus longimanus</i>. <i>Schizorhina Australasiæ</i>.</p> +<i>Acrocinus longimanus</i>. <i>Schizorhina Australasiæ</i>.</p> <p>17. <span class="smcap">Annulet</span> (<i>Annulus</i>). A ring-shaped spot.—Ex. <i>Cyclophora omicronaria</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>o.</i></p> @@ -9655,7 +9614,7 @@ omicronaria</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/4 <p>18. <span class="smcap">Lunulet</span> (<i>Lunula</i>). A small crescent-shaped spot.—Ex. <i>Marginal spots</i> above and below the <i>Secondary -Wings</i> in <i>Melitæa Artemis</i>, &c.</p> +Wings</i> in <i>Melitæa Artemis</i>, &c.</p> <p>19. <span class="smcap">Reniculus</span> (<i>Reniculus</i>). A small kidney-shaped spot.—Ex. <i>Upper Wings</i> of <i>Mamestra Persicaria</i>.</p> @@ -9681,10 +9640,10 @@ Wing</i> of <i>Vanessa Io</i>.</p> <p>b. <span class="smcap">Iris</span> (<i>Iris</i>). The circle which incloses the pupil. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>u.</i></p> -<p>c. <span class="smcap">Atmosphere</span> (<i>Atmosphæra</i>). The <i>exterior</i> circle +<p>c. <span class="smcap">Atmosphere</span> (<i>Atmosphæra</i>). The <i>exterior</i> circle of the ocellus. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>v.</i></p> -<p>21. <span class="smcap">Blind Ocellus</span> (<i>Ocellus cæcus</i>). An ocellus without +<p>21. <span class="smcap">Blind Ocellus</span> (<i>Ocellus cæcus</i>). An ocellus without the pupil.—Ex. <i>Hipparchia Davus</i>.</p> <p>22. <span class="smcap">Spurious Ocellus</span> (<i>Ocellus spurius</i>). A circular @@ -9780,7 +9739,7 @@ grossulariata</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h <p>c. <span class="smcap">Articulate Fascia</span> (<i>Fascia articulata</i>). A band consisting of contiguous spots.—Ex. <i>Under side</i> -of <i>Wings</i> of <i>Melitæa Dictynna</i>. <i>Upper side</i> of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span> +of <i>Wings</i> of <i>Melitæa Dictynna</i>. <i>Upper side</i> of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span> <i>Primary Wing</i> of <i>Morpho Menelaus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>a.</i></p> @@ -9822,7 +9781,7 @@ three, <i>trilineata</i>, &c.—Ex. <i>Elater lineatus</i>.</p> <p>45. <span class="smcap">Vittate</span> (<i>Vittata</i>). Painted with several such stripes.—Ex. <i>Chrysomela fastuosa</i>, <i>cerealis</i>, &c.</p> -<p>46. <span class="smcap">Undulate</span> (<i>Undulata</i>). When fasciæ, strigæ, lines,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span> +<p>46. <span class="smcap">Undulate</span> (<i>Undulata</i>). When fasciæ, strigæ, lines,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span> &c. curve into alternate sinuses resembling the rise and fall of waves.</p> @@ -9861,12 +9820,12 @@ is surrounded by a <i>broad</i> ring of a different colour.—Ex. <p>55. <span class="smcap">Annulate</span> (<i>Annulata</i>). When a leg, antenna, &c. is surrounded by a <i>narrow</i> ring of a different colour.—Ex. -<i>Antennæ</i> of many <i>Ichneumons</i>.</p> +<i>Antennæ</i> of many <i>Ichneumons</i>.</p> <p>56. <span class="smcap">Cingulate</span> (<i>Cingulata</i>). When the abdomen or the trunk is wholly surrounded by one or more<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span> belts of a different colour.—Ex. <i>Abdomen</i> of many -<i>Nomadæ</i> (<i>Apis</i> *. b. K.).</p> +<i>Nomadæ</i> (<i>Apis</i> *. b. K.).</p> <p>57. <span class="smcap">Decolorate</span> (<i>Decolor</i>). When the colour appears to be discharged from any part.—Ex. <i>Margin</i> of @@ -9907,7 +9866,7 @@ ligniperda</i>.</p></blockquote> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Distinct</span> (<i>Distincta</i>). When spots, puncta, granules, &c. do not touch or run into each other, but are completely separate.—Ex. <i>Under side</i> of -<i>Wings</i> of <i>Lycæna Hippothoe</i>.</p> +<i>Wings</i> of <i>Lycæna Hippothoe</i>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span></p> @@ -9930,11 +9889,11 @@ spots fade into the general ground-colour; and when elevations and depressions, &c. are so little raised or sunk from the general surface, as to be almost erased.—Ex. <i>Streak</i> in the <i>Wings</i> of <i>Hipparchus -papilionarius</i>, &c. <i>Striæ</i> in the <i>Elytra</i> of +papilionarius</i>, &c. <i>Striæ</i> in the <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Sphodrus leucophthalmus</i>.</p> <p>6. <span class="smcap">Obsolete</span> (<i>Obsoleta</i>). When a spot, tubercle, -punctum, &c. is scarcely discoverable. Ex. <i>Lycæna +punctum, &c. is scarcely discoverable. Ex. <i>Lycæna Hippothoe</i> ♂ and ♀.—N.B. <i>This term is often employed where one sex, kindred species, or genera, want, or nearly so, a character which is conspicuous @@ -9977,7 +9936,7 @@ of <i>Hipparchia Semele</i>.</p> falls acutely in angles.—Ex. <i>Acidalia luteata</i>, &c.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Plicate</span> (<i>Plicata</i>). Longitudinally or transversely -folded; or so impressed with striæ as to have that +folded; or so impressed with striæ as to have that appearance.—Ex. <i>Abdomen</i> of <i>Staphylinus</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Dilatate</span> (<i>Dilatata</i>). Dilated disproportionably @@ -10027,9 +9986,9 @@ the segment of a circle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/4 of a circle.—<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. e.</p> <p>8. <span class="smcap">Truncate</span> (<i>Truncata</i>). Terminating in a transverse -line. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. a´´´.</p> +line. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. a´´´.</p> -<p>9. <span class="smcap">Premorse</span> (<i>Præmorsa</i>). Terminating in an irregular +<p>9. <span class="smcap">Premorse</span> (<i>Præmorsa</i>). Terminating in an irregular truncate apex, as if bitten off.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Lebia</i>, <i>Dromia</i>, <i>Lomechusa</i>, &c.</p> @@ -10082,7 +10041,7 @@ but not reaching the base. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578 <p>3. <span class="smcap">Laciniate</span> (<i>Laciniata</i>). Cut into unequal, irregular, and deep segments.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Squarrose</span> (<i>Squarrosa</i>). Cut into laciniæ that are +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Squarrose</span> (<i>Squarrosa</i>). Cut into laciniæ that are elevated above the plane of the surface.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Partite</span> (<i>Partita</i>). Divided to the base. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> @@ -10109,7 +10068,7 @@ other.—Ex. <i>Acanthia paradoxa</i>. <i>Bilobate</i>, with <p>7. <span class="smcap">Cruciate</span> (<i>Cruciata</i>). Divided to the middle into four opposite arms, the angles being either four right ones, or two obtuse and two acute.—Ex. -<i>Prothorax</i> of many <i>Locustæ</i>.</p> +<i>Prothorax</i> of many <i>Locustæ</i>.</p> <p>8. <span class="smcap">Sinuate</span> (<i>Sinuata</i>). Having large curved breaks in the margin resembling bays. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. @@ -10325,15 +10284,15 @@ nutans</i>.</p> bends forwards.—Ex. <i>Onthophagus nutans</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Spine</span> (<i>Spina</i>). A fine, long, rigid, pointed process.—Ex. -Those on <i>Elytra</i> of many <i>Hispæ</i>, and the -<i>Posterior Tibiæ</i> of <i>Locusta</i>.</p> +Those on <i>Elytra</i> of many <i>Hispæ</i>, and the +<i>Posterior Tibiæ</i> of <i>Locusta</i>.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Mucro</span> (<i>Mucro</i>). A short, stout, sharp-pointed process.—Ex. <i>Elytra</i> of <i>Lixus paraplecticus</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Spur</span> (<i>Calcar</i>). A spine that is not a process of the crust, but is implanted in it.—Ex. Those on the -lower side of the <i>Tibiæ</i> of <i>Acrida</i>.</p></blockquote> +lower side of the <i>Tibiæ</i> of <i>Acrida</i>.</p></blockquote> <p class="center">XVII. APPENDAGES.</p> @@ -10367,7 +10326,7 @@ round as if upon a pivot.—Ex. Head of <i>Hymenoptera</i> and <i>Diptera</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Vibratile</span> (<i>Vibratilis</i>). When there is a constant -oscillation of any part.—Ex. Antennæ of the <i>Chalcidites</i>. +oscillation of any part.—Ex. Antennæ of the <i>Chalcidites</i>. Legs of <i>Tipula</i> when reposing.</p> <p>6. <span class="smcap">Rotatory</span> (<i>Rotatoria</i>). When a body or a part of @@ -10380,12 +10339,12 @@ it turns wholly round, or describes a circle.—Ex. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Acid</span> (<i>Acidus</i>). A pungent acid scent.—Ex. Many -<i>Formicæ</i>.</p> +<i>Formicæ</i>.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Moschate</span> (<i>Moschatus</i>). A scent of <i>musk</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Alliaceous</span> (<i>Alliaceus</i>). A scent of <i>garlic</i>.—Ex. -Some <i>Andrenæ</i>.</p> +Some <i>Andrenæ</i>.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Cimicine</span> (<i>Cimicinus</i>). A scent like that of the Bed-bug.—Ex. <i>Cimex</i>.</p> @@ -10396,7 +10355,7 @@ moschatus</i>.</p> <p>6. <span class="smcap">Aromatic</span> (<i>Aromaticus</i>). A pungent scent of spices.—Ex. <i>Oxytelus rugosus</i>.</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Balm-scented</span> (<i>Melissæus</i>).—Ex. The species of +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Balm-scented</span> (<i>Melissæus</i>).—Ex. The species of <i>Prosopis</i> (<i>Apis</i> *. b. K.).</p> <p>8. <span class="smcap">Sweet-scented</span> (<i>Odoratus</i>). An undefined sweet @@ -10462,11 +10421,11 @@ body, of which the narrowest part is the base.</p> <p>In compound terms the <i>last</i> member indicates the <i>preponderating</i> character. For instance, when it is said -of a body that it is <i>nigro-æneous</i>, it means that the æneous -tint prevails: but if, <i>vice versâ</i>, it is termed <i>æneo-nigrous</i>, +of a body that it is <i>nigro-æneous</i>, it means that the æneous +tint prevails: but if, <i>vice versâ</i>, it is termed <i>æneo-nigrous</i>, the black tint is predominant.—N.B. In Sculpture the terms punctato-striate, or punctato-sulcate, signify that -striæ or furrows are drawn with puncta in them.</p> +striæ or furrows are drawn with puncta in them.</p> <p class="center"><i>Exception</i> 1.</p> @@ -10492,7 +10451,7 @@ is cinereous.</p> to terms expressing impressed puncta, lines, spots, &c., it signifies that such puncta, lines, or spots are common<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span> to a particular section in any genus or tribe. As, the -impressed lateral puncta on the thorax of <i>Scarabæidæ</i>; +impressed lateral puncta on the thorax of <i>Scarabæidæ</i>; the lateral furrows and dorsal channel in the ground beetles (<i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i>), and the spots in the primary wings of <i>Xylina Polyodon</i> and affinities<a name="FNanchor_1094_1094" id="FNanchor_1094_1094"></a><a href="#Footnote_1094_1094" class="fnanchor">[1094]</a>.</p> @@ -10623,9 +10582,9 @@ a kind of ligament.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>, <i>Diptera</i>.</p></blockquot <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span></p><blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Clypeate</span> (<i>Clypeatum</i>). When the <i>Nasus</i>, <i>Genæ</i>, +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Clypeate</span> (<i>Clypeatum</i>). When the <i>Nasus</i>, <i>Genæ</i>, &c. are dilated so as to shelter and overshadow -the mouth.—Ex. <i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Copris</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> +the mouth.—Ex. <i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Copris</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Capistrate</span> (<i>Capistratum</i>). When the anterior @@ -10669,7 +10628,7 @@ the head.—Ex. <i>Truxalis</i>, <i>Proscopia</i>.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Perfect</span> (<i>Perfectum</i>). When the mouth is furnished with all the <i>Trophi</i>. Viz. <i>Labrum</i>; <i>Labium</i>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span> -<i>Mandibulæ</i>; <i>Maxillæ</i>; <i>Maxillary</i> and <i>Labial +<i>Mandibulæ</i>; <i>Maxillæ</i>; <i>Maxillary</i> and <i>Labial Palpi</i>; and <i>Tongue</i>.—Ex. The <i>Masticating</i> Orders.</p> <p>a. <span class="smcap">Feeders retracted</span> (<i>Trophi retracti</i>). When, in @@ -10686,12 +10645,12 @@ any of the <i>Trophi</i>, or they exist in it only as rudiments.—Ex. The <i>Suctorious</i> Orders.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Elabrate</span> (<i>Elabratum</i>). When an imperfect mouth -has <i>Mandibulæ</i>, <i>Maxillæ</i>, <i>Labium</i>, and <i>Maxillary +has <i>Mandibulæ</i>, <i>Maxillæ</i>, <i>Labium</i>, and <i>Maxillary Palpi</i>, or what perform their office, but no <i>Labrum</i>.—Ex. <i>Araneidea</i>.</p> <p>6. <span class="smcap">Emandibulate</span> (<i>Emandibulatum</i>). When an imperfect -mouth has all the <i>Trophi</i> but the <i>Mandibulæ</i>.—Ex. +mouth has all the <i>Trophi</i> but the <i>Mandibulæ</i>.—Ex. <i>Trichoptera</i>.</p> <p>7. <span class="smcap">Bipalpate</span> (<i>Bipalpatum</i>). When an imperfect @@ -10702,7 +10661,7 @@ mouth has only either <i>Labial</i> or <i>Maxillary Palpi</i>.—Ex. mouth has no <i>Palpi</i>.—Ex. <i>Hemiptera</i>.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Stomapodous</span> (<i>Stomapodum</i>). When the <i>Legs</i> and -<i>Sternum</i> act the part of <i>Maxillæ</i>, <i>Labium</i>, and +<i>Sternum</i> act the part of <i>Maxillæ</i>, <i>Labium</i>, and <i>Palpi</i>.—Ex. <i>Araneidea</i>, <i>Scolopendra</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> @@ -10717,78 +10676,78 @@ is furnished with whiskers (<i>Mystax</i>), or bearded.—Ex. <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span></p> -<p class="center">b. <span class="smcap">upper jaws</span> (<i>Mandibulæ</i>).</p> +<p class="center">b. <span class="smcap">upper jaws</span> (<i>Mandibulæ</i>).</p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Chelate</span> (<i>Chelatæ</i>). When the upper jaws are furnished +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Chelate</span> (<i>Chelatæ</i>). When the upper jaws are furnished at the end with a <i>chela</i> or thumb.—Ex. <i>Scorpio</i>, <i>Phalangium</i>.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they are +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they are armed with a moveable <i>claw</i>.—Ex. <i>Araneidea</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. c´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. c´.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Buried</span> (<i>Sepultæ</i>). When they are covered and +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Buried</span> (<i>Sepultæ</i>). When they are covered and quite concealed by the upper lip.—Ex. <i>Colliuris</i>.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Open</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> quite concealed +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Open</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> quite concealed by the upper lip.—Ex. Most <i>Coleoptera</i>.</p> -<p>5. <span class="smcap">Toothless</span> (<i>Edentulæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> armed +<p>5. <span class="smcap">Toothless</span> (<i>Edentulæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> armed with teeth.—Ex. <i>Apogonia gemellata</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 22.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Toothed</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). When they are armed with +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Toothed</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). When they are armed with teeth.—Ex. <i>Cicindela</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 19.</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Suctorious</span> (<i>Suctoriæ</i>). When they have an orifice +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Suctorious</span> (<i>Suctoriæ</i>). When they have an orifice by which they imbibe their food.—Ex. <i>Larva</i> of <i>Dytiscus</i>, <i>Myrmeleon</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6.</p></blockquote> -<p class="center">c. <span class="smcap">under jaws</span> (<i>Maxillæ</i>).</p> +<p class="center">c. <span class="smcap">under jaws</span> (<i>Maxillæ</i>).</p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Simple</span> (<i>Simplices</i>). When the under jaws have but one lobe.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2, -3. d´.</p> +3. d´.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Compound</span> (<i>Compositæ</i>). When they have more +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Compound</span> (<i>Compositæ</i>). When they have more than one lobe.—Ex. <i>Staphylinus</i> and many other -<i>Coleoptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9, 10. d´´´. e´´´.</p> +<i>Coleoptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9, 10. d´´´. e´´´.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Adnate</span> (<i>Adnatæ</i>). When they adhere to the lower +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Adnate</span> (<i>Adnatæ</i>). When they adhere to the lower lip through their whole length.—Ex. <i>Trichoptera</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. d´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. d´.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Adherent</span> (<i>Adhærentes</i>). When they adhere to it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span> +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Adherent</span> (<i>Adhærentes</i>). When they adhere to it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span> only at their base.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>, <i>Hymenoptera</i>, -&c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. d´.</p> +&c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. d´.</p> -<p>5. <span class="smcap">Spinose</span> (<i>Spinosæ</i>). When they are armed at the +<p>5. <span class="smcap">Spinose</span> (<i>Spinosæ</i>). When they are armed at the apex with <i>spines</i>.—Ex. <i>Libellulina</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. -<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. f´´´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. f´´´.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Dentate</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). When they are armed with <i>teeth</i>.—Ex. -<i>Melolonthidæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15. g´´.</p> +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Dentate</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). When they are armed with <i>teeth</i>.—Ex. +<i>Melolonthidæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15. g´´.</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Pectunculate</span> (<i>Pectunculatæ</i>). When the stipes +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Pectunculate</span> (<i>Pectunculatæ</i>). When the stipes below the feeler has a row of minute spines set like the teeth of a comb.—Ex. <i>Apis</i><a name="FNanchor_1096_1096" id="FNanchor_1096_1096"></a><a href="#Footnote_1096_1096" class="fnanchor">[1096]</a>.</p> -<p>8. <span class="smcap">Disengaged</span> (<i>Liberæ</i>). When they do not adhere +<p>8. <span class="smcap">Disengaged</span> (<i>Liberæ</i>). When they do not adhere to the lower lip at all, or are only connected by membrane or ligaments.—Ex. <i>Apis</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> -<a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. d´.</p> +<a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. d´.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Mandibuliform</span> (<i>Mandibuliformes</i>). When they are hard and horny and shaped like the upper -jaws.—Ex. <i>Melolonthidæ</i>, <i>Anoplognathidæ</i>, &c. +jaws.—Ex. <i>Melolonthidæ</i>, <i>Anoplognathidæ</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13, 15.</p> -<p>10. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they terminate +<p>10. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they terminate in a moveable claw.—Ex. <i>Cicindela</i>.</p></blockquote> @@ -10802,10 +10761,10 @@ or furnished with a finger and thumb.—Ex. <i>Scorpio</i>, <p>2. <span class="smcap">Pediform</span> (<i>Pediformes</i>). When they resemble the <i>legs</i> either in structure or use.—Ex. <i>Araneidea</i>, -<i>Acarina</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. h´´.</p> +<i>Acarina</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. h´´.</p> <p>3. <span class="smcap">Antenniform</span> (<i>Antenniformes</i>). When they are -very long resembling <i>antennæ</i>.—Ex. <i>Hydrophilus</i>, +very long resembling <i>antennæ</i>.—Ex. <i>Hydrophilus</i>, <i>Bryaxis</i>, <i>Culex</i> ♂.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span></p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculati</i>). When they are armed @@ -10815,18 +10774,18 @@ with a claw at the end.—Ex. <i>Gonyleptes</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</ <p>5. <span class="smcap">Securiform</span> (<i>Securiformes</i>). When the last joint of the feeler is triangular, and the preceding joint is connected with the vertex of the triangle.—Ex. -<i>Cleridæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. <i>a.</i></p> +<i>Cleridæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. <i>a.</i></p> <p>6. <span class="smcap">Lunulate</span> (<i>Lunulati</i>). When the last joint is shaped like a half-moon or crescent.—Ex. <i>Oxyporus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. <i>a.</i></p> <p>7. <span class="smcap">Fasciculate</span> (<i>Fasciculati</i>). When the feeler terminates -in a bunch of very slender laminæ.—Ex. +in a bunch of very slender laminæ.—Ex. <i>Lymexylon flavipes</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3.</p> <p>8. <span class="smcap">Lamellate</span> (<i>Lamellati</i>). When the last joint is -divided into transverse lamellæ.—Ex. <i>Atractocerus</i>. +divided into transverse lamellæ.—Ex. <i>Atractocerus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Inflated</span> (<i>Inflati</i>). When the last joint of the @@ -10840,7 +10799,7 @@ of the joints there issues an accessory joint or appendage.—Ex. <p>11. <span class="smcap">Mammillate</span> (<i>Mammillati</i>). When the last joint is very short, smaller than the preceding one, and -retractile within it.—Ex. <i>Pæderus</i><a name="FNanchor_1097_1097" id="FNanchor_1097_1097"></a><a href="#Footnote_1097_1097" class="fnanchor">[1097]</a>.</p> +retractile within it.—Ex. <i>Pæderus</i><a name="FNanchor_1097_1097" id="FNanchor_1097_1097"></a><a href="#Footnote_1097_1097" class="fnanchor">[1097]</a>.</p> <p>12. <span class="smcap">Subulate</span> (<i>Subulati</i>). When the last joint is short, and vastly smaller than the preceding one.—Ex. @@ -10864,7 +10823,7 @@ and the last.—Ex. <i>Cerocoma</i> ♂. <span class="smcap">Plate</span quite distinct from the labium, usually retracted within the mouth, short and shaped something like a vertebrate tongue.—Ex. <i>Gryllina</i>, <i>Libellulina</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6, 12. e´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6, 12. e´.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Liguliform</span> (<i>Liguliformis</i>). When it emerges from the labium, is short, flat, and not concealed @@ -10873,11 +10832,11 @@ within the mouth.—Ex. <i>Vespa</i> and many <i>Hymenoptera</i>. <p>3. <span class="smcap">Tubulose</span> (<i>Tubulosa</i>). When it emerges from the labium, is long and tubular, and capable of inflation.—Ex. -<i>Apis</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. e´.</p> +<i>Apis</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. e´.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Setiform</span> (<i>Setiformis</i>). A short minute sharp tongue discoverable between the <i>scalpella</i> of a <i>promuscis</i>.—Ex. -<i>Cimex</i> L. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14. e´.</p> +<i>Cimex</i> L. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14. e´.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Palatiform</span> (<i>Palatiformis</i>). When the tongue forms the inner surface of the <i>Labium</i>, but is not @@ -10890,7 +10849,7 @@ separate from it.—Ex. Most <i>Coleoptera</i>.</p></blockquote> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Included</span> (<i>Inclusus</i>). When the nose is included between the two sides of the <i>Postnasus</i> which run -towards the upper lip.—Ex. <i>Geocorisæ</i>.</p> +towards the upper lip.—Ex. <i>Geocorisæ</i>.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Vaulted</span> (<i>Fornicatus</i>). When the nose is elevated, convex and hollow underneath.—Ex. <i>Vespa</i>.</p></blockquote> @@ -10904,7 +10863,7 @@ convex and hollow underneath.—Ex. <i>Vespa</i>.</p></blockquote> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Entering</span> (<i>Intrans</i>). When the <i>Canthus</i> takes a little angle or sinus out of the eye.—<span class="smcap">Ex</span>. The <i>Capricorn -beetles</i>, <i>Mylabris</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. h´.</p> +beetles</i>, <i>Mylabris</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. h´.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Cleaving</span> (<i>Findens</i>). When the <i>Canthus</i> cleaves the eye half through or more.—Ex. The <i>Petalocerous @@ -10924,12 +10883,12 @@ beetles</i>.</p></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Simple</span> (<i>Simplices</i>). Eyes which do not consist of -an aggregate of hexagonal lenses.—Ex. <i>Araneidæ</i>, +an aggregate of hexagonal lenses.—Ex. <i>Araneidæ</i>, <i>Scorpio</i>, <i>Phalangium</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VII">VII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9. h.</p> <p><i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Scattered</span> (<i>Sparsi</i>). When simple eyes are separate from each other and not arranged in a certain -order.—Ex. Eyes of <i>Caterpillars</i>, and some <i>Scolopendræ</i>.</p> +order.—Ex. Eyes of <i>Caterpillars</i>, and some <i>Scolopendræ</i>.</p> <p><i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Ordinate</span> (<i>Ordinati</i>). When simple eyes are arranged in a certain order.—Ex. <i>Araneidea</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> @@ -10990,7 +10949,7 @@ from the head.—Ex. <i>Cicindela</i>.</p> ♂. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 38, 39. h.</p> <p><i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">Pedunculate</span> (<i>Pedunculati</i>). When they sit upon -a <i>long</i> footstalk which also bears the antennæ.—Ex. +a <i>long</i> footstalk which also bears the antennæ.—Ex. <i>Diopsis</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIII">XIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9.</p> <p><i>d.</i> <span class="smcap">Operculate</span> (<i>Operculati</i>). When the eyes are covered @@ -11021,21 +10980,21 @@ space <i>below</i> the eyes.—Ex. <i>Fulgora laternaria</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">XXVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 41. i.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Spurious</span> (<i>Spuria</i>). A flat subdiaphanous space -above the base of the antennæ, which seems to represent +above the base of the antennæ, which seems to represent them.—Ex. <i>Blatta</i>, <i>Gryllus</i>.</p></blockquote> -<p class="center">x. ANTENNÆ.</p> +<p class="center">x. ANTENNÆ.</p> <p class="center">a. <span class="smcap">number.</span></p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Dicerous</span> (<i>Dicera</i>). Insects that have <i>two</i> antennæ.—Ex. +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Dicerous</span> (<i>Dicera</i>). Insects that have <i>two</i> antennæ.—Ex. <i>Insects in general</i>.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</a></span></p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Acerous</span> (<i>Acera</i>). Insects that have <i>no</i> antennæ.—Ex. +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Acerous</span> (<i>Acera</i>). Insects that have <i>no</i> antennæ.—Ex. The <i>Acarina</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> @@ -11043,7 +11002,7 @@ The <i>Acarina</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Preocular</span> (<i>Præoculares</i>). When antennæ are +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Preocular</span> (<i>Præoculares</i>). When antennæ are inserted <i>before</i> the eyes.—Ex. <i>Chrysis</i>.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Interocular</span> (<i>Interoculares</i>). When inserted any @@ -11076,15 +11035,15 @@ head.—Ex. <i>Copris</i>, &c.</p></blockquote> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Distant</span> (<i>Distantes</i>). When <i>remote</i> at their base.—Ex. <i>Buprestis rustica</i>.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Approximate</span> (<i>Approximatæ</i>). When they <i>approach</i> +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Approximate</span> (<i>Approximatæ</i>). When they <i>approach</i> each other at their base.—Ex. <i>Donacia</i>, <i>Galeruca</i>.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Contiguous</span> (<i>Contiguæ</i>). When they nearly or +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Contiguous</span> (<i>Contiguæ</i>). When they nearly or altogether <i>touch</i> each other at their base.—Ex. <i>Imatidium MacLeayanum</i>.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Connate</span> (<i>Connatæ</i>). When <i>united</i> at their base.—Ex. +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Connate</span> (<i>Connatæ</i>). When <i>united</i> at their base.—Ex. <i>Ceria</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13.</p></blockquote> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</a></span></p> @@ -11094,8 +11053,8 @@ altogether <i>touch</i> each other at their base.—Ex. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Very short</span> (<i>Brevissimæ</i>). When shorter than the -head.—Ex. The <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c.</p> +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Very short</span> (<i>Brevissimæ</i>). When shorter than the +head.—Ex. The <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c.</p> <p>2. <span class="smcap">Short</span> (<i>Breves</i>). When as long as the head.—Ex. <i>Hister</i>.</p> @@ -11109,57 +11068,57 @@ the body.—Ex. <i>Callidium violaceum</i>.</p> <p>5. <span class="smcap">Longer</span> (<i>Longiores</i>). When longer than the body.—Ex. <i>Monochamus Sutor</i>.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Very long</span> (<i>Longissimæ</i>). When much longer -than the body.—Ex. <i>Acanthocinus ædilis</i>.</p></blockquote> +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Very long</span> (<i>Longissimæ</i>). When much longer +than the body.—Ex. <i>Acanthocinus ædilis</i>.</p></blockquote> <p class="center">e. <span class="smcap">direction.</span></p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Intire</span> (<i>Integræ</i>). When they have no elbow or -angle.—Ex. <i>Antennæ</i> of most <i>Coleoptera</i>.</p> +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Intire</span> (<i>Integræ</i>). When they have no elbow or +angle.—Ex. <i>Antennæ</i> of most <i>Coleoptera</i>.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Broken</span> (<i>Fractæ</i>). When the <i>Clavola</i> forms an +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Broken</span> (<i>Fractæ</i>). When the <i>Clavola</i> forms an angle with the <i>Scapus</i>.—Ex. <i>Curculio</i>, <i>Apis</i>, &c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Geniculate</span> (<i>Geniculatæ</i>). When they form an +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Geniculate</span> (<i>Geniculatæ</i>). When they form an elbow in the middle but not with the <i>Scapus</i>.—Ex. <i>Meloe</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Straight</span> (<i>Rectæ</i>). When they are without any +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Straight</span> (<i>Rectæ</i>). When they are without any angle, convolution, or curvature. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5.</p> -<p>5. <span class="smcap">Porrect</span> (<i>Porrectæ</i>). When they are placed parallel +<p>5. <span class="smcap">Porrect</span> (<i>Porrectæ</i>). When they are placed parallel with each other, and in the same line with the body.—Ex. <i>Trichoptera</i> in flight.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Excurved</span> (<i>Excurvæ</i>). When they curve outwards.</p> +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Excurved</span> (<i>Excurvæ</i>). When they curve outwards.</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Incurved</span> (<i>Incurvæ</i>). When they curve inwards.</p> +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Incurved</span> (<i>Incurvæ</i>). When they curve inwards.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</a></span></p> -<p>8. <span class="smcap">Decurved</span> (<i>Decurvæ</i>). When they curve downwards.</p> +<p>8. <span class="smcap">Decurved</span> (<i>Decurvæ</i>). When they curve downwards.</p> -<p>9. <span class="smcap">Recurved</span> (<i>Recurvæ</i>). When they curve upwards.</p> +<p>9. <span class="smcap">Recurved</span> (<i>Recurvæ</i>). When they curve upwards.</p> -<p>10. <span class="smcap">Reflexed</span> (<i>Reflexæ</i>). When they are bent back +<p>10. <span class="smcap">Reflexed</span> (<i>Reflexæ</i>). When they are bent back over the body.</p> -<p>11. <span class="smcap">Deflexed</span> (<i>Deflexæ</i>). When they are bent downwards.</p> +<p>11. <span class="smcap">Deflexed</span> (<i>Deflexæ</i>). When they are bent downwards.</p> -<p>12. <span class="smcap">Convolute</span> (<i>Convolutæ</i>). When they roll inwards. +<p>12. <span class="smcap">Convolute</span> (<i>Convolutæ</i>). When they roll inwards. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6.</p> -<p>13. <span class="smcap">Revolute</span> (<i>Revolutæ</i>). When they roll outwards.</p> +<p>13. <span class="smcap">Revolute</span> (<i>Revolutæ</i>). When they roll outwards.</p> <p>14. <span class="smcap">Spiral</span> (<i>Spirales</i>). When they are convoluted spirally. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 31.</p> -<p>15. <span class="smcap">Rigid</span> (<i>Rigidæ</i>). When they are very stiff and inflexible.—Ex. +<p>15. <span class="smcap">Rigid</span> (<i>Rigidæ</i>). When they are very stiff and inflexible.—Ex. <i>Libellulina</i>, <i>Fulgora</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12, 15.</p></blockquote> @@ -11168,11 +11127,11 @@ over the body.</p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Hidden</span> (<i>Receptæ</i>). Antennæ which when the animal +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Hidden</span> (<i>Receptæ</i>). Antennæ which when the animal reposes, are hidden under the head or trunk.—Ex. The <i>Lamellicorns</i>, <i>Elater</i>, <i>Belostoma</i>.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Exposed</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). Antennæ which when the animal +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Exposed</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). Antennæ which when the animal reposes are not concealed.—Ex. <i>Cerambyx</i>.</p></blockquote> @@ -11180,147 +11139,147 @@ reposes are not concealed.—Ex. <i>Cerambyx</i>.</p></blockquote> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Setaceous</span> (<i>Setaceæ</i>). Long flexile antennæ which +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Setaceous</span> (<i>Setaceæ</i>). Long flexile antennæ which taper somewhat from the base to the apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Setiform</span> (<i>Setiformes</i>). Short rigid antennæ which +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Setiform</span> (<i>Setiformes</i>). Short rigid antennæ which taper from the base to the apex like a bristle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14-16.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Capillary</span> (<i>Capillares</i>). Antennæ nearly as slender +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Capillary</span> (<i>Capillares</i>). Antennæ nearly as slender as a hair. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a> <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</a></span></p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Filiform</span> (<i>Filiformes</i>). Antennæ every where of an +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Filiform</span> (<i>Filiformes</i>). Antennæ every where of an equal thickness. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3.</p> -<p>5. <span class="smcap">Thick</span> (<i>Crassæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably thick. +<p>5. <span class="smcap">Thick</span> (<i>Crassæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably thick. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 29.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Incrassate</span> (<i>Incrassatæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Incrassate</span> (<i>Incrassatæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably thick in any part: at the <i>base</i>, <i>middle</i>, or <i>apex</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 34, 19, 7.</p> -<p>a. <span class="smcap">Gradually Incrassate</span> (<i>Sensim Incrassatæ</i>). When +<p>a. <span class="smcap">Gradually Incrassate</span> (<i>Sensim Incrassatæ</i>). When they grow gradually thicker from the base to the apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10.</p> -<p>b. <span class="smcap">Suddenly Incrassate</span> (<i>Subito Incrassatæ</i>). When +<p>b. <span class="smcap">Suddenly Incrassate</span> (<i>Subito Incrassatæ</i>). When they grow suddenly thicker in any part. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 18, 19, 24.</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Broad</span> (<i>Latæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably <i>wide</i>. +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Broad</span> (<i>Latæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably <i>wide</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 24.</p> -<p>8. <span class="smcap">Dilated</span> (<i>Dilatatæ</i>). When they are disproportionably +<p>8. <span class="smcap">Dilated</span> (<i>Dilatatæ</i>). When they are disproportionably wide in any part; <i>base</i>, <i>middle</i>, or <i>apex</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> XII. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1, 20.</p> <p>9. <span class="smcap">Slender</span> (<i>Tenues</i>). When they are disproportionably <i>slender</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2.</p> -<p>10. <span class="smcap">Attenuate</span> (<i>Attenuatæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably +<p>10. <span class="smcap">Attenuate</span> (<i>Attenuatæ</i>). Antennæ disproportionably slender in any part; <i>base</i>, <i>middle</i>, or <i>apex</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8, 21, 34.</p> -<p>a. <span class="smcap">Gradually Attenuate</span> (<i>Sensim Attenuatæ</i>). When +<p>a. <span class="smcap">Gradually Attenuate</span> (<i>Sensim Attenuatæ</i>). When they grow gradually more slender from the base to the apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7.</p> -<p>b. <span class="smcap">Suddenly Attenuate</span> (<i>Subito Attenuatæ</i>). When +<p>b. <span class="smcap">Suddenly Attenuate</span> (<i>Subito Attenuatæ</i>). When they grow suddenly slender in any part. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> XII. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 18, 34.</p> -<p>11. <span class="smcap">Fusiform</span> (<i>Fusiformes</i>). Antennæ thickest in the +<p>11. <span class="smcap">Fusiform</span> (<i>Fusiformes</i>). Antennæ thickest in the middle and tapering more or less towards each<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</a></span> extremity. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8.</p> -<p>12. <span class="smcap">Prismatic</span> (<i>Prismaticales</i>). Antennæ with three +<p>12. <span class="smcap">Prismatic</span> (<i>Prismaticales</i>). Antennæ with three nearly equal sides. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6.</p> -<p>13. <span class="smcap">Ensiform</span> (<i>Ensiformes</i>). Antennæ compressed and +<p>13. <span class="smcap">Ensiform</span> (<i>Ensiformes</i>). Antennæ compressed and three-sided, with one side much narrower than either of the others. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7.</p> <p>14. <span class="smcap">Falciform</span> (<i>Falciformes</i>). When the <i>Clavola</i> of the -<i>Antennæ</i> grows gradually narrower towards the +<i>Antennæ</i> grows gradually narrower towards the apex, and is arcuate or incurved so as to resemble a <i>sickle</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8.</p> -<p>15. <span class="smcap">Nodose</span> (<i>Nodosæ</i>). When antennæ have one, two, +<p>15. <span class="smcap">Nodose</span> (<i>Nodosæ</i>). When antennæ have one, two, or more joints larger than those which precede or follow them. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5.</p> -<p>16. <span class="smcap">Moniliform</span> (<i>Moniliformes</i>). Antennæ consisting +<p>16. <span class="smcap">Moniliform</span> (<i>Moniliformes</i>). Antennæ consisting of oval or globular joints so as to resemble a necklace of beads. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 9.</p> -<p>17. <span class="smcap">Dentate</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). Toothed with teeth whose +<p>17. <span class="smcap">Dentate</span> (<i>Dentatæ</i>). Toothed with teeth whose sides are <i>equal</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10.</p> -<p>18. <span class="smcap">Serrate</span> (<i>Serratæ</i>). Toothed with teeth whose sides +<p>18. <span class="smcap">Serrate</span> (<i>Serratæ</i>). Toothed with teeth whose sides are <i>unequal</i> like those of a saw. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8.</p> -<p>19. <span class="smcap">Biserrate</span> (<i>Biserratæ</i>). So toothed on each side. +<p>19. <span class="smcap">Biserrate</span> (<i>Biserratæ</i>). So toothed on each side. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 18.</p> -<p>20. <span class="smcap">Imbricate</span> (<i>Imbricatæ</i>). When the summit of each +<p>20. <span class="smcap">Imbricate</span> (<i>Imbricatæ</i>). When the summit of each joint is incumbent upon the base of that which precedes it. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12.</p> -<p>21. <span class="smcap">Distichous</span> (<i>Distichæ</i>). When the joints in general +<p>21. <span class="smcap">Distichous</span> (<i>Distichæ</i>). When the joints in general terminate in a <i>fork</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13.</p> -<p>22. <span class="smcap">Cirrate</span> (<i>Cirratæ</i>). When the joints terminate in +<p>22. <span class="smcap">Cirrate</span> (<i>Cirratæ</i>). When the joints terminate in a pair of curling hairy branches resembling <i>tendrils</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</a></span></p> -<p>23. <span class="smcap">Flabellate</span> (<i>Flabellatæ</i>). When the antennæ on +<p>23. <span class="smcap">Flabellate</span> (<i>Flabellatæ</i>). When the antennæ on one side send forth from the joints, except those at the base, long flat flexile branches, which open and shut like the sticks of a <i>fan</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 17.</p> -<p>24. <span class="smcap">Biflabellate</span> (<i>Biflabellatæ</i>). When they are flabellate +<p>24. <span class="smcap">Biflabellate</span> (<i>Biflabellatæ</i>). When they are flabellate on both sides. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11.</p> -<p>25. <span class="smcap">Pectinate</span> (<i>Pectinatæ</i>). Antennæ furnished on one +<p>25. <span class="smcap">Pectinate</span> (<i>Pectinatæ</i>). Antennæ furnished on one side with a number of parallel stiff branches, resembling somewhat the teeth of a <i>comb</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 25. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14.</p> -<p>26. <span class="smcap">Bipectinate</span> (<i>Bipectinatæ</i>). Pectinate on both +<p>26. <span class="smcap">Bipectinate</span> (<i>Bipectinatæ</i>). Pectinate on both sides. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 22.</p> -<p>27. <span class="smcap">Duplicato-pectinate</span> (<i>Duplicato-pectinatæ</i>). Bipectinate +<p>27. <span class="smcap">Duplicato-pectinate</span> (<i>Duplicato-pectinatæ</i>). Bipectinate with the branches on each side alternately long and short. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15.</p> -<p>28. <span class="smcap">Ramose</span> (<i>Ramosæ</i>). Antennæ furnished on one +<p>28. <span class="smcap">Ramose</span> (<i>Ramosæ</i>). Antennæ furnished on one side with two or three irregular longish branches. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 18.</p> -<p>29. <span class="smcap">Furcate</span> (<i>Furcatæ</i>). Antennæ divided at the end +<p>29. <span class="smcap">Furcate</span> (<i>Furcatæ</i>). Antennæ divided at the end into two prongs or branches. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 19. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_V">V</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3.</p> -<p>30. <span class="smcap">Bipartite</span> (<i>Bipartitæ</i>). When they are divided to +<p>30. <span class="smcap">Bipartite</span> (<i>Bipartitæ</i>). When they are divided to the base into two nearly equal branches. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 20.</p> -<p>31. <span class="smcap">Palmate</span> (<i>Palmatæ</i>). Very short antennæ which +<p>31. <span class="smcap">Palmate</span> (<i>Palmatæ</i>). Very short antennæ which send forth externally a few long finger-shaped branches, giving them some resemblance of a <i>hand</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 24.</p> <p>32. <span class="smcap">Irregular</span> (<i>Irregulares</i>). When the joints of the -antennæ vary so much in size and shape that they +antennæ vary so much in size and shape that they cannot well be defined. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 22.</p></blockquote> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span></p> @@ -11329,48 +11288,48 @@ cannot well be defined. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43 <p class="center">h. <span class="smcap">termination.</span></p> -<p class="center">α. <span class="smcap">versatile antennæ.</span></p> +<p class="center">α. <span class="smcap">versatile antennæ.</span></p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Subulate</span> (<i>Subulatæ</i>). When they terminate in a +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Subulate</span> (<i>Subulatæ</i>). When they terminate in a minute joint, much slenderer than the preceding one. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 16.</p> -<p>2. <span class="smcap">Setigerous</span> (<i>Setigeræ</i>). When they terminate in a +<p>2. <span class="smcap">Setigerous</span> (<i>Setigeræ</i>). When they terminate in a bristle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14, 15. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 29.</p> -<p>3. <span class="smcap">Capillaceous</span> (<i>Capillaceæ</i>). When they terminate +<p>3. <span class="smcap">Capillaceous</span> (<i>Capillaceæ</i>). When they terminate in a fine capillary joint. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1.</p> -<p>4. <span class="smcap">Mucronate</span> (<i>Mucronatæ</i>). When they terminate +<p>4. <span class="smcap">Mucronate</span> (<i>Mucronatæ</i>). When they terminate in a short point or mucro. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2.</p> -<p>5. <span class="smcap">Uncinate</span> (<i>Uncinatæ</i>). When their apex is incurved +<p>5. <span class="smcap">Uncinate</span> (<i>Uncinatæ</i>). When their apex is incurved so as to form a kind of <i>hook</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3.</p> -<p>6. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they terminate +<p>6. <span class="smcap">Unguiculate</span> (<i>Unguiculatæ</i>). When they terminate in a hard horny incurved sharp <i>claw</i> resembling those of the tarsi of insects. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 16. <i>a.</i></p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Clavate</span> (<i>Clavatæ</i>). When their apex grows gradually +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Clavate</span> (<i>Clavatæ</i>). When their apex grows gradually thicker. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7, 14.</p> -<p>8. <span class="smcap">Capitate</span> (<i>Capitatæ</i>). When they terminate suddenly +<p>8. <span class="smcap">Capitate</span> (<i>Capitatæ</i>). When they terminate suddenly in a larger knob of one or more joints. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8-10, and <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. 1-3, 5, 6.</p> <p><i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Fissile Knob</span> (<i>Capitulum fissile</i>). When it is divided -into several <i>laminæ</i> which the insect can +into several <i>laminæ</i> which the insect can open and shut. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1-3, 5.</p> <p><i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Tunicate Knob</span> (<i>Capitulum tunicatum</i>). When -the laminæ, at least on one side, appear to inosculate<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> +the laminæ, at least on one side, appear to inosculate<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> or to be imbedded in each other. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5, 6.</p> @@ -11391,47 +11350,47 @@ blown out. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h -<p class="center">β. <span class="smcap">inversatile antennæ.</span></p> +<p class="center">β. <span class="smcap">inversatile antennæ.</span></p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Setigerous</span> (<i>Setigeræ</i>). Antennæ furnished with +1. <span class="smcap">Setigerous</span> (<i>Setigeræ</i>). Antennæ furnished with a terminal bristle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14-16, 21, 22. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 29. </p> <p> -<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Globiferous</span> (<i>Globiferæ</i>). When the setigerous +<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Globiferous</span> (<i>Globiferæ</i>). When the setigerous joint is larger than the preceding one, and globose. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. </p> <p> -<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Angustate</span> (<i>Angustatæ</i>). When the setigerous +<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Angustate</span> (<i>Angustatæ</i>). When the setigerous joint is not conspicuously larger than the preceding one. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14, 15. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Aristate</span> (<i>Aristatæ</i>). Antennæ terminated by a variously +2. <span class="smcap">Aristate</span> (<i>Aristatæ</i>). Antennæ terminated by a variously shaped flat joint longer and usually larger than the preceding one, laterally setigerous. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21, 22. </p> <p> -<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Setarious</span> (<i>Setariæ</i>). When the awn or bristle is +<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Setarious</span> (<i>Setariæ</i>). When the awn or bristle is <i>naked</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21. <i>a.</i> </p> <p> -<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Plumate</span> (<i>Plumatæ</i>). When the awn is <i>feathered</i>. +<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Plumate</span> (<i>Plumatæ</i>). When the awn is <i>feathered</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 22. <i>a.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span> </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Filate</span> (<i>Filatæ</i>). When inversatile antennæ have +3. <span class="smcap">Filate</span> (<i>Filatæ</i>). When inversatile antennæ have neither a terminal nor a lateral bristle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 17-20. </p> @@ -11442,7 +11401,7 @@ neither a terminal nor a lateral bristle. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> </p> <p> -<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Compound</span> (<i>Compositæ</i>). When the last joint is itself +<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Compound</span> (<i>Compositæ</i>). When the last joint is itself obsoletely <i>jointed</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 19. <i>a.</i> </p></blockquote> @@ -11453,37 +11412,37 @@ i. <span class="smcap">pubescence.</span> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Verticillate</span> (<i>Verticillatæ</i>). Antennæ beset with +1. <span class="smcap">Verticillate</span> (<i>Verticillatæ</i>). Antennæ beset with hair in whorls. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 27. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Plumose</span> (<i>Plumosæ</i>). Antennæ feathered on all +2. <span class="smcap">Plumose</span> (<i>Plumosæ</i>). Antennæ feathered on all sides with fine long hair. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 24. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Ciliate</span> (<i>Ciliatæ</i>). Antennæ fringed with parallel +3. <span class="smcap">Ciliate</span> (<i>Ciliatæ</i>). Antennæ fringed with parallel hairs on <i>each</i> side. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 16. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Fimbriate</span> (<i>Fimbriatæ</i>). Antennæ fringed with +4. <span class="smcap">Fimbriate</span> (<i>Fimbriatæ</i>). Antennæ fringed with parallel hairs on <i>one</i> side. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Barbate</span> (<i>Barbatæ</i>). Antennæ hairy on <i>one</i> side. +5. <span class="smcap">Barbate</span> (<i>Barbatæ</i>). Antennæ hairy on <i>one</i> side. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 26. </p> <p> -6. <span class="smcap">Fasciculate</span> (<i>Fasciculatæ</i>). Antennæ having several +6. <span class="smcap">Fasciculate</span> (<i>Fasciculatæ</i>). Antennæ having several bundles of hair. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 32. </p> <p> -7. <span class="smcap">Scopiferous</span> (<i>Scopiferæ</i>). When they are furnished +7. <span class="smcap">Scopiferous</span> (<i>Scopiferæ</i>). When they are furnished with one or more dense brushes of hair. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 25. <i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 17. </p></blockquote> @@ -11494,26 +11453,26 @@ k. <span class="smcap">articulation.</span> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Exarticulate</span> (<i>Exarticulatæ</i>). Without visible articulations. +1. <span class="smcap">Exarticulate</span> (<i>Exarticulatæ</i>). Without visible articulations. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Biarticulate</span> (<i>Biarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of <i>two</i> +2. <span class="smcap">Biarticulate</span> (<i>Biarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of <i>two</i> joints. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Triarticulate</span> (<i>Triarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of +3. <span class="smcap">Triarticulate</span> (<i>Triarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of <i>three</i> joints.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span> </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Quadriarticulate</span> (<i>Quadriarticulatæ</i>). Consisting +4. <span class="smcap">Quadriarticulate</span> (<i>Quadriarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of <i>four</i> joints. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Multiarticulate</span> (<i>Multiarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of +5. <span class="smcap">Multiarticulate</span> (<i>Multiarticulatæ</i>). Consisting of <i>many</i> joints. </p></blockquote> @@ -11523,7 +11482,7 @@ l. <span class="smcap">joints.</span> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Campanulate</span> (<i>Campanulatæ</i>). Bell-shaped. When +1. <span class="smcap">Campanulate</span> (<i>Campanulatæ</i>). Bell-shaped. When the joints are obconical, with the vertex of the cone rounded. </p> @@ -11535,20 +11494,20 @@ like a shallow <i>bowl</i>. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Patellate</span> (<i>Patellatæ</i>). When the whole joint is +3. <span class="smcap">Patellate</span> (<i>Patellatæ</i>). When the whole joint is dilated and shaped something like a <i>patella</i> or platter.—Ex. <i>Prosopis dilatata</i> (<i>Melitta</i> *. b. K.) <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. <i>a.</i> </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Lobate</span> (<i>Lobatæ</i>). When they are expanded at +4. <span class="smcap">Lobate</span> (<i>Lobatæ</i>). When they are expanded at the tip into a lobe.—Ex. <i>Belostoma</i>, <i>Cerocoma</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XI">XI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21, 22. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Torulose</span> (<i>Torulosæ</i>). When they are a little tumid. +5. <span class="smcap">Torulose</span> (<i>Torulosæ</i>). When they are a little tumid. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> @@ -11557,14 +11516,14 @@ m. <span class="smcap">appendages.</span> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Auriculate</span> (<i>Auriculatæ</i>). When they have an +1. <span class="smcap">Auriculate</span> (<i>Auriculatæ</i>). When they have an ear-like process at their base.—Ex. <i>Gyrinus</i>, <i>Parnus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XII">XII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 29. a. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 28. <i>a.</i> </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Appendiculate</span> (<i>Appendiculatæ</i>). When they have +2. <span class="smcap">Appendiculate</span> (<i>Appendiculatæ</i>). When they have one or two antenniform processes at their base.—Ex. <i>Otiocerus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXV">XXV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 29. <i>b.</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span> </p></blockquote> @@ -11822,7 +11781,7 @@ spur, the sinus being often pectinated with spines.—Ex. <p> 4. <span class="smcap">Auriculate</span> (<i>Auriculata</i>). When any of the joints are externally dilated into an auriform process.—Ex. -<i>Gryllotalpa</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6. <i>t´´</i>. +<i>Gryllotalpa</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6. <i>t´´</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> @@ -11917,13 +11876,13 @@ trunk.—Ex. <i>Bombus</i>, <i>Apis</i>, <i>Vespa</i> &c. <span class="s <p> 1. <span class="smcap">Distinct</span> (<i>Distinctum</i>). When it is separated from the dorsolum by a suture.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>, -<i>Diptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 19, &c. <i>k´</i>. +<i>Diptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 19, &c. <i>k´</i>. </p> <p> 2. <span class="smcap">Coalite</span> (<i>Coalitum</i>). When it is <i>not</i> separated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span> from the dorsolum by a suture.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>, -&c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. <i>k´</i>. +&c. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. <i>k´</i>. </p> <p> @@ -11961,11 +11920,11 @@ or flat surface.—Ex. <i>Elater</i>. <p> 7. <span class="smcap">Obumbrant</span> (<i>Obumbrans</i>). When it overhangs the -metathorax.—Ex. <i>Musca</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 19. <i>k´</i>. +metathorax.—Ex. <i>Musca</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 19. <i>k´</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> -δ. <span class="smcap">base-covers</span> (<i>Tegulæ</i>). +δ. <span class="smcap">base-covers</span> (<i>Tegulæ</i>). </p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> @@ -11973,7 +11932,7 @@ metathorax.—Ex. <i>Musca</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href=".. 1. <span class="smcap">Conchiform</span> (<i>Conchiformes</i>). When they are a semicircular concavo-convex scale something resembling the valve of a bivalve shell.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 12. <i>g´´</i>. +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 12. <i>g´´</i>. </p> <p> @@ -12073,7 +12032,7 @@ the anus.—Ex. <i>Trox</i>. </p> <p> -17. <span class="smcap">Obvolving</span> (<i>Obvolventia</i>). When their <i>Epipleuræ</i> +17. <span class="smcap">Obvolving</span> (<i>Obvolventia</i>). When their <i>Epipleuræ</i> cover a considerable portion of the sides of the alitrunk. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7. </p> @@ -12097,7 +12056,7 @@ wide at the end.—Ex. <i>Lycus fasciatus</i>. <p> 21. <span class="smcap">Plicate</span> (<i>Plicata</i>). When they have two or three contiguous abbreviated furrows which exhibit the -appearance of folds.—Ex. <i>Pselaphidæ</i>. +appearance of folds.—Ex. <i>Pselaphidæ</i>. </p> <p> @@ -12110,7 +12069,7 @@ appears drilled through them.—Ex. <i>Cassida perforata</i>. Hemelytra, Wings, &c.</span></p> <p class="center"> -<i>A.</i> Side-covers (<i>Epipleuræ</i>). +<i>A.</i> Side-covers (<i>Epipleuræ</i>). </p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> @@ -12168,7 +12127,7 @@ Most <i>Heteropterous Hemiptera</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> -θ. <span class="smcap">wings</span> (<i>Alæ</i>). +θ. <span class="smcap">wings</span> (<i>Alæ</i>). </p> <p class="center"> @@ -12177,7 +12136,7 @@ Most <i>Heteropterous Hemiptera</i>. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Anterior</span> (<i>Anticæ</i>). The fore or upper wings. +1. <span class="smcap">Anterior</span> (<i>Anticæ</i>). The fore or upper wings. </p> <p> @@ -12194,7 +12153,7 @@ upon the posterior.—Ex. <i>Lepidoptera diurna</i>, </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Posterior</span> (<i>Posticæ</i>). The hind or lower wings. +2. <span class="smcap">Posterior</span> (<i>Posticæ</i>). The hind or lower wings. </p> <p> @@ -12204,7 +12163,7 @@ are placed upon them. </p> <p> -<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Secondary</span> (<i>Secundariæ</i>). The posterior wings are +<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Secondary</span> (<i>Secundariæ</i>). The posterior wings are so denominated if the superior wings, when at rest, are <i>not</i> placed upon them.—Ex. <i>Lepidoptera diurna</i>, <i>Libellulina</i>. @@ -12216,12 +12175,12 @@ diurna</i>, <i>Libellulina</i>. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Equal</span> (<i>Æquales</i>). When the four wings are of +3. <span class="smcap">Equal</span> (<i>Æquales</i>). When the four wings are of <i>equal</i> length.—Ex. <i>Libellulina</i>. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Unequal</span> (<i>Inæquales</i>). When they are <i>not</i> of equal +4. <span class="smcap">Unequal</span> (<i>Inæquales</i>). When they are <i>not</i> of equal length.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12231,12 +12190,12 @@ length.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Plane</span> (<i>Planæ</i>). Flat wings that are neither plicatile +5. <span class="smcap">Plane</span> (<i>Planæ</i>). Flat wings that are neither plicatile nor tumid.—Ex. <i>Apis</i>. </p> <p> -6. <span class="smcap">Tumid</span> (<i>Tumidæ</i>). When the membrane between +6. <span class="smcap">Tumid</span> (<i>Tumidæ</i>). When the membrane between the nervures that form an areolet is bigger than the areolet, which gives it convexity.—Ex. <i>The Serrifera</i> or <i>saw-flies</i>. N.B. <i>The object of this @@ -12251,12 +12210,12 @@ folded in one or more longitudinal plaits.—Ex. </p> <p> -8. <span class="smcap">Duplicatile</span> (<i>Duplicatæ</i>). When they are folded +8. <span class="smcap">Duplicatile</span> (<i>Duplicatæ</i>). When they are folded transversely.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>. </p> <p> -9. <span class="smcap">Convolute</span> (<i>Convolutæ</i>). When the wings so envelope +9. <span class="smcap">Convolute</span> (<i>Convolutæ</i>). When the wings so envelope the body as to give it a cylindrical form.—Ex. <i>Crambus</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span> </p> @@ -12264,11 +12223,11 @@ the body as to give it a cylindrical form.—Ex. <p> 10. <span class="smcap">Incumbent</span> (<i>Incumbentes</i>). Wings which when at rest cover the back of the insect.—Ex. The -<i>Noctuidæ</i>, <i>Geometra</i>. +<i>Noctuidæ</i>, <i>Geometra</i>. </p> <p> -11. <span class="smcap">Cruciato-complicate</span> (<i>Cruciato-complicatæ</i>). +11. <span class="smcap">Cruciato-complicate</span> (<i>Cruciato-complicatæ</i>). Wings crossed and folded.—Ex. <i>Pentatoma</i>, &c. </p> @@ -12279,8 +12238,8 @@ back.—Ex. <i>Apis</i>. </p> <p> -13. <span class="smcap">Extended</span> (<i>Extensæ</i>). Wings that when at rest do -not lie upon the body.—Ex. <i>Libellula</i>, <i>Æshna</i>, &c. +13. <span class="smcap">Extended</span> (<i>Extensæ</i>). Wings that when at rest do +not lie upon the body.—Ex. <i>Libellula</i>, <i>Æshna</i>, &c. </p> <p> @@ -12297,7 +12256,7 @@ posterior wings.—Ex. <i>Pterophorus</i><a name="FNanchor_1107_1107" id="FN </p> <p> -<i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">Erect</span> (<i>Erectæ</i>). Wings which when at rest are +<i>c.</i> <span class="smcap">Erect</span> (<i>Erectæ</i>). Wings which when at rest are extended vertically.—Ex. <i>Vanessa</i>, <i>Agrion</i>. </p> @@ -12314,12 +12273,12 @@ margins touch.—Ex. <i>Vanessa</i>. </p> <p> -<i>f.</i> <span class="smcap">Divaricate</span> (<i>Divaricatæ</i>). When wings at rest are +<i>f.</i> <span class="smcap">Divaricate</span> (<i>Divaricatæ</i>). When wings at rest are somewhat erect but diverge from each other. </p> <p> -14. <span class="smcap">Patulous</span> (<i>Patulæ</i>). When wings at rest partly +14. <span class="smcap">Patulous</span> (<i>Patulæ</i>). When wings at rest partly cover each other. </p> @@ -12338,14 +12297,14 @@ from the abdomen. </p> <p> -17. <span class="smcap">Deflexed</span> (<i>Deflexæ</i>). When wings at rest covering +17. <span class="smcap">Deflexed</span> (<i>Deflexæ</i>). When wings at rest covering each other are so bent downwards as to imitate a roof, of which their interior margin forms the ridge.—Ex. <i>Homopterous Hemiptera</i>. </p> <p> -18. <span class="smcap">Reversed</span> (<i>Reversæ</i>). When wings at rest are deflexed, +18. <span class="smcap">Reversed</span> (<i>Reversæ</i>). When wings at rest are deflexed, but so that the anterior margin of the inferior projects beyond the anterior margin of the superior.—Ex. <i>Gatropacha quercifolia</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> @@ -12353,12 +12312,12 @@ superior.—Ex. <i>Gatropacha quercifolia</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</sp </p> <p> -19. <span class="smcap">Broad</span> (<i>Latæ</i>). When the interior margin is shorter +19. <span class="smcap">Broad</span> (<i>Latæ</i>). When the interior margin is shorter than the posterior.—Ex. <i>Papilio</i>. </p> <p> -20. <span class="smcap">Narrow</span> (<i>Angustæ</i>). When the posterior margin +20. <span class="smcap">Narrow</span> (<i>Angustæ</i>). When the posterior margin is shorter than the interior.—Ex. <i>Heliconius</i>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12368,13 +12327,13 @@ is shorter than the interior.—Ex. <i>Heliconius</i>. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Falcate</span> (<i>Falcatæ</i>). Wings having their posterior +1. <span class="smcap">Falcate</span> (<i>Falcatæ</i>). Wings having their posterior margin concave, and the posterior angle acute and curved.—Ex. <i>Attacus Atlas</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Digitate</span> (<i>Digitatæ</i>). Wings cleft to the base into +2. <span class="smcap">Digitate</span> (<i>Digitatæ</i>). Wings cleft to the base into several subdivisions.—Ex. <i>Pterophorus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. </p> @@ -12385,14 +12344,14 @@ wing. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Caudate</span> (<i>Caudatæ</i>). When wings terminate in a +3. <span class="smcap">Caudate</span> (<i>Caudatæ</i>). When wings terminate in a tail-like process.—Ex. <i>Papilio Machaon</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>s.</i> </p> <p> -<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Bicaudate</span> (<i>Bicaudatæ</i>). Having <i>two</i> such tails. -<i>Tricaudatæ</i> having <i>three</i>, &c. +<i>a.</i> <span class="smcap">Bicaudate</span> (<i>Bicaudatæ</i>). Having <i>two</i> such tails. +<i>Tricaudatæ</i> having <i>three</i>, &c. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> @@ -12401,26 +12360,26 @@ tail-like process.—Ex. <i>Papilio Machaon</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</ <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Squamate</span> (<i>Squamatæ</i>). Wings covered with minute<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> +1. <span class="smcap">Squamate</span> (<i>Squamatæ</i>). Wings covered with minute<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> scales.—Ex. <i>Lepidoptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXII">XXII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 16. <i>a, b, c, d</i>, &c. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Denudate</span> (<i>Denudatæ</i>). When the wings of <i>Lepidoptera</i> +2. <span class="smcap">Denudate</span> (<i>Denudatæ</i>). When the wings of <i>Lepidoptera</i> appear more or less as if the scales had been rubbed off, either partially or generally.—Ex. -<i>Heliconius</i>, <i>Sesia</i>, <i>Zygæna</i>, <i>Nudaria</i>. +<i>Heliconius</i>, <i>Sesia</i>, <i>Zygæna</i>, <i>Nudaria</i>. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Fenestrate</span> (<i>Fenestratæ</i>). When one or two definite +3. <span class="smcap">Fenestrate</span> (<i>Fenestratæ</i>). When one or two definite spaces in a Lepidopterous wing are denuded of scales.—Ex. <i>Attacus Atlas</i>, &c. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Bare</span> (<i>Nudæ</i>). When wings have neither perceptible +4. <span class="smcap">Bare</span> (<i>Nudæ</i>). When wings have neither perceptible hairs nor scales.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12448,7 +12407,7 @@ the wing, or apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h <p> 4. <span class="smcap">Plectrum</span> (<i>Plectrum</i>). A marginal bristle stronger than the rest, observable about the middle of the -costa and standing out from it.—Ex. Many <i>Muscidæ</i>. +costa and standing out from it.—Ex. Many <i>Muscidæ</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> @@ -12498,42 +12457,42 @@ round punctum.—Ex. <i>Ichneumon penetrans</i><a name="FNanchor_1108_1108" </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Neurose</span> (<i>Neurosæ</i>). Wings that have nervures +2. <span class="smcap">Neurose</span> (<i>Neurosæ</i>). Wings that have nervures besides the marginal ones. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Aneurose</span> (<i>Aneurosæ</i>). Wings that have no nervures +3. <span class="smcap">Aneurose</span> (<i>Aneurosæ</i>). Wings that have no nervures besides the marginal ones.—Ex. <i>Psilus</i>. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Circumsepted</span> (<i>Circumseptæ</i>). Wings whose margin +4. <span class="smcap">Circumsepted</span> (<i>Circumseptæ</i>). Wings whose margin is every where strengthened by a nervure.—Ex. <i>Tabanus</i>. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Varicose</span> (<i>Varicosæ</i>). When the nervures are disproportionably +5. <span class="smcap">Varicose</span> (<i>Varicosæ</i>). When the nervures are disproportionably swelled in any part.—Ex. <i>Forficula auricularia</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. </p> <p> -6. <span class="smcap">Serpentine</span> (<i>Serpentinæ</i>). Nervures that run in a +6. <span class="smcap">Serpentine</span> (<i>Serpentinæ</i>). Nervures that run in a serpentine direction.—Ex. <i>Strategus Aloeus</i> K. M.S<a name="FNanchor_1109_1109" id="FNanchor_1109_1109"></a><a href="#Footnote_1109_1109" class="fnanchor">[1109]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. </p> <p> -7. <span class="smcap">Insulate</span> (<i>Insulatæ</i>). Discoidal nervures that are +7. <span class="smcap">Insulate</span> (<i>Insulatæ</i>). Discoidal nervures that are entirely unconnected with any others, or with the base of the wing.—Ex. <i>Strategus Aloeus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. a, b. </p> <p> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span>8. <span class="smcap">Uncinate</span> (<i>Unicinatæ</i>). Nervures, that after running +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span>8. <span class="smcap">Uncinate</span> (<i>Unicinatæ</i>). Nervures, that after running from the base towards the apex, turn back, and running a little towards the base, form a hook.—Ex. <i>Strategus Aloeus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. <i>i<sup>.</sup></i>. @@ -12558,32 +12517,32 @@ ones, and so form the areolets. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Radiated</span> (<i>Radiatæ</i>). When the areolets are chiefly +1. <span class="smcap">Radiated</span> (<i>Radiatæ</i>). When the areolets are chiefly formed by radiating longitudinal nervures.—Ex. <i>Forficula</i>, <i>Psychoda</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5, 13. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Areate</span> (<i>Areatæ</i>). Radiated with a large basal +2. <span class="smcap">Areate</span> (<i>Areatæ</i>). Radiated with a large basal area.—Ex. <i>Papilio</i> and many other <i>Lepidoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1110_1110" id="FNanchor_1110_1110"></a><a href="#Footnote_1110_1110" class="fnanchor">[1110]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 6. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Areolate</span> (<i>Areolatæ</i>). When the surface of the +3. <span class="smcap">Areolate</span> (<i>Areolatæ</i>). When the surface of the wing is divided into various areolets.—Ex. <i>Diptera</i>, <i>Hymenoptera</i>, and most <i>Neuroptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7-14. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Reticulate</span> (<i>Reticulatæ</i>). When the areolets are +4. <span class="smcap">Reticulate</span> (<i>Reticulatæ</i>). When the areolets are extremely small and infinitely numerous.—Ex. <i>Libellulina</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#PLATE_III">III</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Open</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). Areolets that terminate in the +5. <span class="smcap">Open</span> (<i>Apertæ</i>). Areolets that terminate in the margin of the wing, or that are not surrounded on all sides by nervures. </p> @@ -12595,7 +12554,7 @@ terminate in the margin.—Ex. <i>Tenthredo</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</ </p> <p> -<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Incomplete</span> (<i>Incompletæ</i>). Open areolets that terminate +<i>b.</i> <span class="smcap">Incomplete</span> (<i>Incompletæ</i>). Open areolets that terminate short of the margin.—Ex. <i>Apis</i>. </p> @@ -12606,31 +12565,31 @@ is a centre from which several long ones diverge.—Ex. </p> <p> -7. <span class="smcap">Petiolate</span> (<i>Petiolatæ</i>). When an areolet is connected +7. <span class="smcap">Petiolate</span> (<i>Petiolatæ</i>). When an areolet is connected with another by a stem like a footstalk<a name="FNanchor_1111_1111" id="FNanchor_1111_1111"></a><a href="#Footnote_1111_1111" class="fnanchor">[1111]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8. </p> <p> -8. <span class="smcap">Ramulose</span> (<i>Ramulosæ</i>). When an areolet sends +8. <span class="smcap">Ramulose</span> (<i>Ramulosæ</i>). When an areolet sends forth a little unconnected branch.—Ex. <i>Pompilus</i>, <i>Sphex</i>, &c.<a name="FNanchor_1112_1112" id="FNanchor_1112_1112"></a><a href="#Footnote_1112_1112" class="fnanchor">[1112]</a> </p> <p> -9. <span class="smcap">Angular</span> (<i>Angulatæ</i>). When an areolet juts out +9. <span class="smcap">Angular</span> (<i>Angulatæ</i>). When an areolet juts out on one side into an angle from which no nervure proceeds, to form another areolet.—Ex. <i>Eristalis</i>, <i>Cerceris</i>.<a name="FNanchor_1113_1113" id="FNanchor_1113_1113"></a><a href="#Footnote_1113_1113" class="fnanchor">[1113]</a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14. </p> <p> -10. <span class="smcap">Didymous</span> (<i>Didymæ</i>). When areolets are nearly +10. <span class="smcap">Didymous</span> (<i>Didymæ</i>). When areolets are nearly divided into two by a nervure.—Ex. <i>Gyrostoma</i>. </p> <p> -11. <span class="smcap">Sesquialterous</span> (<i>Sesquialteræ</i>). When a minute +11. <span class="smcap">Sesquialterous</span> (<i>Sesquialteræ</i>). When a minute areolet is appended to a large one.—Ex. <i>Postcostal areolet</i> of <i>Hylotoma</i><a name="FNanchor_1114_1114" id="FNanchor_1114_1114"></a><a href="#Footnote_1114_1114" class="fnanchor">[1114]</a>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12660,20 +12619,20 @@ the <i>stigma</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Protomesal</span> (<i>Protomesæ</i>). First series of the middle -areolets (<i>Areolæ mediæ</i>), often consisting of +1. <span class="smcap">Protomesal</span> (<i>Protomesæ</i>). First series of the middle +areolets (<i>Areolæ mediæ</i>), often consisting of <i>three</i>, and then divided into <i>upper</i>, <i>middle</i>, and <i>lower</i>, areolets. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8, 9. a. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Deuteromesal</span> (<i>Deuteromesæ</i>). Second series of +2. <span class="smcap">Deuteromesal</span> (<i>Deuteromesæ</i>). Second series of the same, often consisting of two, and then divided into <i>upper</i> and <i>lower</i>. <i>Ibid.</i> b. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Tritomesal</span> (<i>Tritomesæ</i>). Third series of the same. +3. <span class="smcap">Tritomesal</span> (<i>Tritomesæ</i>). Third series of the same. <i>Ibid.</i> c. </p></blockquote> @@ -12691,7 +12650,7 @@ areolet.—Ex. Most <i>Hymenoptera</i>. <p> 2. <span class="smcap">Fenestrate</span> (<i>Fenestratum</i>). When the stigma begins or terminates in a minute areolet. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_X">X</a>. -<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11. <i>m´´´</i>. +<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11. <i>m´´´</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> @@ -12781,7 +12740,7 @@ each other at the base.—Ex. <i>Posterior</i> legs of <i>Copris</i>. </p> <p> -6. <span class="smcap">Equidistant</span> (<i>Æquidistantes</i>). When all the three +6. <span class="smcap">Equidistant</span> (<i>Æquidistantes</i>). When all the three pair are equally distant at the base.—Ex. <i>Cassida</i>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12874,21 +12833,21 @@ insect is at rest, are in a perpetual vibratory motion.—Ex. <p> 12. <span class="smcap">Fossorious</span> (<i>Fossorii</i>). Leg with either palmate or -digitate tibiæ.—Ex. <i>Scarites</i>, <i>Clivinia</i>, <i>Gryllotalpa</i>. +digitate tibiæ.—Ex. <i>Scarites</i>, <i>Clivinia</i>, <i>Gryllotalpa</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5, 6. </p> <p> 13. <span class="smcap">Raptorious</span> (<i>Raptorii</i>). When the strong porrected<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span> thighs, usually of the fore-leg, have a channel -for the reception of the tibiæ, which are inflexed, +for the reception of the tibiæ, which are inflexed, and both armed with a double series of spurs.—Ex. <i>Mantis</i>, <i>Nepa</i>. </p> <p> 14. <span class="smcap">Prehensorious</span> (<i>Prehensorii</i>). When the thighs of -the hind-legs converge and the tibiæ diverge so as +the hind-legs converge and the tibiæ diverge so as to form an angle which is armed with spines.—Ex. <i>Gonyleptes</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIV">XIV</a>. Fig 8<a name="FNanchor_1115_1115" id="FNanchor_1115_1115"></a><a href="#Footnote_1115_1115" class="fnanchor">[1115]</a>. </p></blockquote> @@ -12899,25 +12858,25 @@ to form an angle which is armed with spines.—Ex. <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> -1. <span class="smcap">Fixed</span> (<i>Fixæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> moveable.—Ex. +1. <span class="smcap">Fixed</span> (<i>Fixæ</i>). When they are <i>not</i> moveable.—Ex. <i>Dytiscus</i>, <i>Gonyleptes</i>. </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Free</span> (<i>Liberæ</i>). When they are moveable.—Ex. +2. <span class="smcap">Free</span> (<i>Liberæ</i>). When they are moveable.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>, most <i>Coleoptera</i>. </p> <p> -3. <span class="smcap">Laminate</span> (<i>Laminatæ</i>). When the posterior coxæ +3. <span class="smcap">Laminate</span> (<i>Laminatæ</i>). When the posterior coxæ form a broad thin plate which covers the trochanter and the base of the thighs.—Ex. <i>Haliplus</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> -<a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>p´´</i>. +<a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1. <i>p´´</i>. </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Flocculate</span> (<i>Flocculatæ</i>). When the posterior -coxæ are distinguished by a curling lock of hair +4. <span class="smcap">Flocculate</span> (<i>Flocculatæ</i>). When the posterior +coxæ are distinguished by a curling lock of hair (<i>Flocculus</i>).—Ex. <i>Andrena</i><a name="FNanchor_1116_1116" id="FNanchor_1116_1116"></a><a href="#Footnote_1116_1116" class="fnanchor">[1116]</a>. </p></blockquote> @@ -13034,7 +12993,7 @@ b. <span class="smcap">metathorax.</span> 1. <span class="smcap">Simulant</span> (<i>Simulans</i>). When the mesothorax is covered by the prothorax, and the <i>Metathorax</i> only is visible, under the form of an elongated or enlarged -scutellum.—Ex. The <i>Geocorisæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> +scutellum.—Ex. The <i>Geocorisæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. </p></blockquote> @@ -13062,7 +13021,7 @@ Most <i>Coleoptera</i>. <p> 1. <span class="smcap">Distinct</span> (<i>Distinctum</i>). When the postscutellum is distinct from the postdorsolum.—Ex. <i>Locusta</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12 <i>u´</i>. +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12 <i>u´</i>. </p> <p> @@ -13080,7 +13039,7 @@ elevated prominence resembling a <i>scutellum</i>.—Ex. 4. <span class="smcap">Canaliform</span> (<i>Canaliforme</i>). When it is a deepish elongate channel running from the postdorsolum to the abdomen.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. -<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. <i>u´</i>. XXVIII. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. <i>u´.</i> +<span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. <i>u´</i>. XXVIII. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. <i>u´.</i> </p> <p> @@ -13089,7 +13048,7 @@ nearly or altogether obliterated.—Ex. <i>Hymenoptera</i>. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> -γ. <span class="smcap">postfrænum.</span> +γ. <span class="smcap">postfrænum.</span> </p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> @@ -13102,7 +13061,7 @@ Most <i>Coleoptera</i>. <p> 2. <span class="smcap">Funiculate</span> (<i>Funiculatum</i>). When it forms a narrow ridge.—Ex. <i>Pentatoma</i>, <i>Fulgora</i>, <i>Libellulina</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 12. <i>v´</i>. +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">XXVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 12. <i>v´</i>. </p> <p> @@ -13110,17 +13069,17 @@ ridge.—Ex. <i>Pentatoma</i>, <i>Fulgora</i>, <i>Libellulina</i>. ridges diverging on each side, which inclosing a pannel form together a St. Andrew's cross, and are connected with the base of the wings.—Ex. -<i>Libellulina</i><a name="FNanchor_1120_1120" id="FNanchor_1120_1120"></a><a href="#Footnote_1120_1120" class="fnanchor">[1120]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7. <i>v´.</i> +<i>Libellulina</i><a name="FNanchor_1120_1120" id="FNanchor_1120_1120"></a><a href="#Footnote_1120_1120" class="fnanchor">[1120]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 7. <i>v´.</i> </p> <p> -4. <span class="smcap">Adnate</span> (<i>Adnatum</i>). When a funicular <i>Postfrænum</i> +4. <span class="smcap">Adnate</span> (<i>Adnatum</i>). When a funicular <i>Postfrænum</i> is closely adjacent to the sides of the metathorax till it nearly reaches the wings.—Ex. <i>Pentatoma</i>. </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Transcurrent</span> (<i>Transcurrens</i>). When a postfrænum<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span> +5. <span class="smcap">Transcurrent</span> (<i>Transcurrens</i>). When a postfrænum<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span> is at first adnate to the sides of the postscutellum, and then diverges across the pannel to the base of the wings.—Ex. <i>Belostoma grandis</i>. @@ -13161,7 +13120,7 @@ closely united to the trunk.—Ex. <i>Coleoptera</i>. 4. <span class="smcap">Petiolate</span> (<i>Petiolatum</i>). When the first segment, or more, is longer and much narrower than the subsequent ones, so as to form a footstalk.—Ex. -The <i>Sphecidæ</i>, <i>Ichneumon</i>. +The <i>Sphecidæ</i>, <i>Ichneumon</i>. </p> <p> @@ -13288,11 +13247,11 @@ up and lies upon the back of the abdomen.—Ex. </p> <p class="center"> -<span class="smcap">Terms</span> particularly applicable to <span class="smcap">Larvæ</span> and <span class="smcap">Pupæ</span>. +<span class="smcap">Terms</span> particularly applicable to <span class="smcap">Larvæ</span> and <span class="smcap">Pupæ</span>. </p> <p class="center"> -LARVÆ. +LARVÆ. </p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> @@ -13303,12 +13262,12 @@ silk. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXI">XXI</a>. <span class <p> 2. <span class="smcap">Forcipate Lip</span> (<i>Labium Forcipatum</i>). Mask of -larvæ and pupæ of <i>Libellulina</i><a name="FNanchor_1122_1122" id="FNanchor_1122_1122"></a><a href="#Footnote_1122_1122" class="fnanchor">[1122]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVI">XVI</a>. +larvæ and pupæ of <i>Libellulina</i><a name="FNanchor_1122_1122" id="FNanchor_1122_1122"></a><a href="#Footnote_1122_1122" class="fnanchor">[1122]</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVI">XVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5. <i>a.</i> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span> -3. <span class="smcap">Unguiform Mandibles</span> (<i>Mandibulæ unguiformes</i>). +3. <span class="smcap">Unguiform Mandibles</span> (<i>Mandibulæ unguiformes</i>). The parallel claw-shaped mandibles of many <i>Diptera</i>. -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XX">XX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1, 2. <i>c´.</i> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XX">XX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1, 2. <i>c´.</i> </p> <p> @@ -13319,14 +13278,14 @@ itself when its legs fail it<a name="FNanchor_1123_1123" id="FNanchor_1123_1123" </p> <p> -5. <span class="smcap">Fecifork</span> (<i>Fæcifurca</i>). The anal fork on which -the larva of <i>Cassidæ</i>, &c. carry their feces. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> +5. <span class="smcap">Fecifork</span> (<i>Fæcifurca</i>). The anal fork on which +the larva of <i>Cassidæ</i>, &c. carry their feces. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVIII">XVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. <i>a.</i> </p> <p> 6. <span class="smcap">Mastigia</span> (<i>Mastigia</i>). Two anal organs in the -larvæ of <i>Cerura Vinula</i>, exerting from their apex +larvæ of <i>Cerura Vinula</i>, exerting from their apex a retractile flexible thread, with which they endeavour, by lashing their sides, to drive away the <i>Ichneumons</i>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XIX">XIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. <i>a.</i> @@ -13334,26 +13293,26 @@ by lashing their sides, to drive away the <p> 7. <span class="smcap">Syringes</span> (<i>Syringia</i>). Organs situated in various -parts of larvæ, from which they ejaculate a watery +parts of larvæ, from which they ejaculate a watery fluid to annoy or drive away their enemies<a name="FNanchor_1124_1124" id="FNanchor_1124_1124"></a><a href="#Footnote_1124_1124" class="fnanchor">[1124]</a>. </p> <p> -8. <span class="smcap">Rumules</span> (<i>Rumulæ</i>). Teat-like fleshy protuberances -observable on the bodies of various larvæ<a name="FNanchor_1125_1125" id="FNanchor_1125_1125"></a><a href="#Footnote_1125_1125" class="fnanchor">[1125]</a>. +8. <span class="smcap">Rumules</span> (<i>Rumulæ</i>). Teat-like fleshy protuberances +observable on the bodies of various larvæ<a name="FNanchor_1125_1125" id="FNanchor_1125_1125"></a><a href="#Footnote_1125_1125" class="fnanchor">[1125]</a>. </p> <p> -9. <span class="smcap">Aeriducts</span> (<i>Aëriductus</i>). Respiratory organs often +9. <span class="smcap">Aeriducts</span> (<i>Aëriductus</i>). Respiratory organs often foliaceous, with which the sides of the abdomen, -the tail, and sometimes the trunk of aquatic larvæ -and pupæ are often furnished. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. +the tail, and sometimes the trunk of aquatic larvæ +and pupæ are often furnished. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3-7. </p> <p> 10. <span class="smcap">Prolegs</span> (<i>Propedes</i>). Fleshy exarticulate pediform -often retractile organs, which assist various larvæ +often retractile organs, which assist various larvæ in walking and other motions, but which disappear in the perfect insect. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVIII">XVIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11, 12. <i>b.</i> @@ -13387,32 +13346,32 @@ leg bifid at its apex. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">X </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> -PUPÆ. +PUPÆ. </p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-2em"> <p> 1. <span class="smcap">Adminicula</span> (<i>Adminicula</i>). Semicoronets of minute teeth which arm the back of the abdomen of subterraneous -pupæ, by which they are enabled to +pupæ, by which they are enabled to emerge from under the earth. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVI">XVI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 13. <i>e.</i> </p> <p> -2. <span class="smcap">Cremastræ</span> (<i>Cremastræ</i>). The anal hooks by -which many pupæ suspend themselves. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> +2. <span class="smcap">Cremastræ</span> (<i>Cremastræ</i>). The anal hooks by +which many pupæ suspend themselves. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">XXIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 8. <i>a.</i> </p> <p> 3. <span class="smcap">Cocoon</span> (<i>Folliculus</i>). The silken case in which the -pupæ of many insects are inclosed. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVII">XVII</a>. +pupæ of many insects are inclosed. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XVII">XVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 5-8. </p></blockquote> <p class="center"> -N.B. Other terms for Pupæ are explained <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. +N.B. Other terms for Pupæ are explained <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_249">249</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span> </p> @@ -13445,7 +13404,7 @@ which Naturalists seem not to have very precise ideas—<i>Method</i> and <i>System</i>. They have often been confounded and used indifferently to signify the same thing. Thus we hear of a Natural Method and a Natural System. -Linné seems to have regarded the <i>former</i> of these terms +Linné seems to have regarded the <i>former</i> of these terms as representing the actual disposition of objects in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span> nature<a name="FNanchor_1126_1126" id="FNanchor_1126_1126"></a><a href="#Footnote_1126_1126" class="fnanchor">[1126]</a>, while by <i>System</i> he understands their classification and arrangement by Naturalists<a name="FNanchor_1127_1127" id="FNanchor_1127_1127"></a><a href="#Footnote_1127_1127" class="fnanchor">[1127]</a>. But if we consider @@ -13517,7 +13476,7 @@ of some original group or species in consequence of some great convulsion of nature, or that the objects required to fill it up are still in existence but have not yet been discovered<a name="FNanchor_1131_1131" id="FNanchor_1131_1131"></a><a href="#Footnote_1131_1131" class="fnanchor">[1131]</a>: and this opinion is founded -on a <i>dictum</i> of Linné, <i>Natura ... saltus non facit</i><a name="FNanchor_1132_1132" id="FNanchor_1132_1132"></a><a href="#Footnote_1132_1132" class="fnanchor">[1132]</a>. If +on a <i>dictum</i> of Linné, <i>Natura ... saltus non facit</i><a name="FNanchor_1132_1132" id="FNanchor_1132_1132"></a><a href="#Footnote_1132_1132" class="fnanchor">[1132]</a>. If this dictum be liberally interpreted, according to the evident meaning of the word <i>saltus</i>, few will be disposed to object to it; since both observation and analogy combine @@ -13733,7 +13692,7 @@ must be more perfect, and of a higher grade<a name="FNanchor_1156_1156" id="FNan <p>ii. We now come to the <i>Classes</i> into which the <i>Annulosa</i> are divided. This term appears first to have been employed -by Tournefort, and was adopted by Linné<a name="FNanchor_1157_1157" id="FNanchor_1157_1157"></a><a href="#Footnote_1157_1157" class="fnanchor">[1157]</a>. As +by Tournefort, and was adopted by Linné<a name="FNanchor_1157_1157" id="FNanchor_1157_1157"></a><a href="#Footnote_1157_1157" class="fnanchor">[1157]</a>. As the nervous system of animals furnishes the most prominent distinction of a subkingdom, so the <i>circulation</i> of their fluids, and their <i>respiration</i> necessarily connected @@ -13770,7 +13729,7 @@ essential idea of the animal.</p> those groups of insects that are denominated <i>Orders</i>. The characters of these at first were taken principally from the instruments of flight or the absence of them; -and the name appropriated to each Order by Linné, after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span> +and the name appropriated to each Order by Linné, after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span> Aristotle, had reference to this circumstance. But this alone does not afford characters sufficiently discriminating: for though to an accurate observer a difference in @@ -13780,7 +13739,7 @@ In the <i>Neuroptera</i> there are as many different types of wings as there are of tribes or suborders. So that it seems not possible so to construct the definition of every Order, as to take its character from the organs of flight -alone. Linné was sensible of this, and was compelled +alone. Linné was sensible of this, and was compelled to have recourse to subsidiary characters in the majority of his: his observation therefore with regard to <i>Genera</i>,—that the character does not give the genus, but the @@ -13810,7 +13769,7 @@ Mouth <i>is</i> perfect<a name="FNanchor_1161_1161" id="FNanchor_1161_1161"></a> <p>1. <span class="smcap">Coleoptera</span><a name="FNanchor_1162_1162" id="FNanchor_1162_1162"></a><a href="#Footnote_1162_1162" class="fnanchor">[1162]</a> (<i>Eleutherata</i> F.). Aristotle may be called the founder of this Order, since he both named and defined it<a name="FNanchor_1163_1163" id="FNanchor_1163_1163"></a><a href="#Footnote_1163_1163" class="fnanchor">[1163]</a>. Both his name and definition were -adopted by Linné; and the former (with the exception +adopted by Linné; and the former (with the exception of Fabricius and his school) by all succeeding Entomologists. To his definition <i>Wings in a sheath</i><a name="FNanchor_1164_1164" id="FNanchor_1164_1164"></a><a href="#Footnote_1164_1164" class="fnanchor">[1164]</a>, other characters have been added; as the folding of the wings, @@ -13835,7 +13794,7 @@ which, as far as known, prevails universally.</p> <p style="margin-left: 2em;"><span class="smcap">Def.</span> <i>Metamorphosis</i> incomplete<a name="FNanchor_1166_1166" id="FNanchor_1166_1166"></a><a href="#Footnote_1166_1166" class="fnanchor">[1166]</a>.</p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Legs</i> inosculating, posterior coxæ usually transverse.</p> +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Legs</i> inosculating, posterior coxæ usually transverse.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Elytra</i> corneous, or coriaceous, without veins, united by a straight suture, so as mostly to @@ -13902,7 +13861,7 @@ each forming nearly the quadrant of a circle: <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Anus</i> forcipate.</p> <p>4. <span class="smcap">Orthoptera</span><a name="FNanchor_1179_1179" id="FNanchor_1179_1179"></a><a href="#Footnote_1179_1179" class="fnanchor">[1179]</a> (<i>Ulonota</i> F.). This Order, which -Linné at first regarded as belonging to the <i>Coleoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1180_1180" id="FNanchor_1180_1180"></a><a href="#Footnote_1180_1180" class="fnanchor">[1180]</a>, +Linné at first regarded as belonging to the <i>Coleoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1180_1180" id="FNanchor_1180_1180"></a><a href="#Footnote_1180_1180" class="fnanchor">[1180]</a>, and afterwards improperly added to the suctorious <i>Hemiptera</i>, was very judiciously separated from both by De Geer, under the name of <i>Dermaptera</i>, a name not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span> @@ -13943,7 +13902,7 @@ state; and there is scarcely a common distinctive character in their perfect state, upon detecting which in any<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span> individual you may exclaim—This is a Neuropterous insect. The only one that I have been enabled to seize is, that -their <i>scapulæ</i> and <i>parapleuræ</i> are parallel and placed +their <i>scapulæ</i> and <i>parapleuræ</i> are parallel and placed obliquely<a name="FNanchor_1185_1185" id="FNanchor_1185_1185"></a><a href="#Footnote_1185_1185" class="fnanchor">[1185]</a>. Whether, with all this puzzling variation and dissonance between the different tribes of which it is now composed, this Order can be considered as a natural @@ -13971,7 +13930,7 @@ areolets.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Prothorax</i> distinct.</p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Scapulæ</i> and <i>Parapleuræ</i> parallel and oblique.</p> +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Scapulæ</i> and <i>Parapleuræ</i> parallel and oblique.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Tail</i> of the female without a terebrant, or pungent multivalve ovipositor<a name="FNanchor_1191_1191" id="FNanchor_1191_1191"></a><a href="#Footnote_1191_1191" class="fnanchor">[1191]</a>. @@ -13984,16 +13943,16 @@ multivalve ovipositor<a name="FNanchor_1191_1191" id="FNanchor_1191_1191"></a><a are now entering upon and the <i>Trichoptera</i>, and <i>Tenthredo</i>, L. as belonging to the latter. He appears to ground this opinion chiefly upon a consideration of their -larvæ and a slight difference in their ovipositor. As the -Order, as settled by Linné, has always been deemed one +larvæ and a slight difference in their ovipositor. As the +Order, as settled by Linné, has always been deemed one of the most natural ones, and all the great Entomologists -of the present æra have agreed with him in thinking +of the present æra have agreed with him in thinking it so; it seems to me that to prove them mistaken in this opinion, the question should have been discussed at more length, and that it requires arguments of more weight than any Mr. MacLeay has at present produced to set it aside. He appears in general to lay great stress upon -an agreement in larvæ and the kind of metamorphosis; +an agreement in larvæ and the kind of metamorphosis; and I am ready to acknowledge that it forms a strong <i>presumption</i> in favour of any hypothesis of affinity between certain tribes. But when it is had recourse to as @@ -14003,31 +13962,31 @@ wrong; but in my apprehension, a striking agreement in their general structure in the <i>perfect</i> state, which is the acme of their nature, affords a much more satisfactory reason for keeping two tribes together, than any -difference observable in their larvæ or metamorphosis, +difference observable in their larvæ or metamorphosis, for separating them. Let any one compare the structure of these two tribes with the <i>Trichoptera</i> on one side, and the <i>Hymenoptera</i> on the other, and it will require but a glance to convince him of their greater affinity to the latter; and the simple inspection only of Jurine's plates of the wings of <i>Hymenoptera</i> is calculated to produce<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span> -the same effect. With regard to their <i>larvæ</i>, the resemblance +the same effect. With regard to their <i>larvæ</i>, the resemblance between the case-worms and the pseudo-caterpillars of the saw-flies seems to me very distant, and the numerous prolegs of the latter have scarcely a -legitimate representative in the former. The larvæ of +legitimate representative in the former. The larvæ of the genus <i>Lyda</i> lose the prolegs intirely, and in one -species, which much resembles the vermiform larvæ of +species, which much resembles the vermiform larvæ of <i>Hymenoptera</i>, the real legs are so extremely short as to be scarcely discernible<a name="FNanchor_1193_1193" id="FNanchor_1193_1193"></a><a href="#Footnote_1193_1193" class="fnanchor">[1193]</a>; so that it requires no great stretch of faith to believe that saw-flies or <i>Sirices</i> may -exist in whose larvæ the legs disappear<a name="FNanchor_1194_1194" id="FNanchor_1194_1194"></a><a href="#Footnote_1194_1194" class="fnanchor">[1194]</a>. But it is this -very tribe, whose larvæ thus approach to those of the +exist in whose larvæ the legs disappear<a name="FNanchor_1194_1194" id="FNanchor_1194_1194"></a><a href="#Footnote_1194_1194" class="fnanchor">[1194]</a>. But it is this +very tribe, whose larvæ thus approach to those of the other <i>Hymenoptera</i>, in which Mr. MacLeay finds the greatest external resemblance to the <i>Trichoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1195_1195" id="FNanchor_1195_1195"></a><a href="#Footnote_1195_1195" class="fnanchor">[1195]</a>. In -fact the difference between the saw-flies and <i>Siricidæ</i>, +fact the difference between the saw-flies and <i>Siricidæ</i>, and the remainder of the <i>Hymenoptera</i>, amounts to little more than what takes place in the <i>Diptera</i> Order between -the <i>Tipulidæ</i>, <i>Asilidæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c., in which +the <i>Tipulidæ</i>, <i>Asilidæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c., in which also the <i>metamorphosis</i> differs.</p> <p>Another argument upon which Mr. MacLeay seems @@ -14035,7 +13994,7 @@ to lay some stress, is taken from the number of parts into which the <i>ovipositor</i> of the saw-flies is resolvable, which he finds to consist of <i>four</i> pieces; while in what he considers as the genuine <i>Hymenoptera</i>, it is formed only -of <i>three</i><a name="FNanchor_1196_1196" id="FNanchor_1196_1196"></a><a href="#Footnote_1196_1196" class="fnanchor">[1196]</a>: but in fact, in these last there are <i>two</i> spiculæ, +of <i>three</i><a name="FNanchor_1196_1196" id="FNanchor_1196_1196"></a><a href="#Footnote_1196_1196" class="fnanchor">[1196]</a>: but in fact, in these last there are <i>two</i> spiculæ, answering to the two saws of <i>Tenthredo</i>, so that the vagina<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span> in which these move may be considered as a <i>double</i> sheath: only, as these were to be pushed out at the <i>same</i> @@ -14071,13 +14030,13 @@ collar.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Tarsi</i> pentamerous.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Ovipositor</i> 5-6-valved, the vagina darting -forth two retroserrulate spiculæ.</p> +forth two retroserrulate spiculæ.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span></p> <p class="center">** <i><span class="smcap">orders</span> in which all the ordinary Trophi do</i> not <i>occur, or the</i> Mouth <i>is</i> imperfect<a name="FNanchor_1201_1201" id="FNanchor_1201_1201"></a><a href="#Footnote_1201_1201" class="fnanchor">[1201]</a> (<i>Haustellata</i>).</p> -<p>7. <span class="smcap">Hemiptera</span><a name="FNanchor_1202_1202" id="FNanchor_1202_1202"></a><a href="#Footnote_1202_1202" class="fnanchor">[1202]</a> (<i>Ryngota</i> F.). Linné at first confined +<p>7. <span class="smcap">Hemiptera</span><a name="FNanchor_1202_1202" id="FNanchor_1202_1202"></a><a href="#Footnote_1202_1202" class="fnanchor">[1202]</a> (<i>Ryngota</i> F.). Linné at first confined this Order to those insects which have a <i>promuscis</i>, which he denominated a <i>rostrum</i><a name="FNanchor_1203_1203" id="FNanchor_1203_1203"></a><a href="#Footnote_1203_1203" class="fnanchor">[1203]</a>; but afterwards, convinced that the <i>Orthoptera</i> of the moderns could not be @@ -14115,7 +14074,7 @@ and the Homopterous, those of <i>plants</i>; in the former, the <i>Hemelytra</i>, besides their different substance, as well as the wings, cross each other; while in the latter, the organs of flight are deflexed, and do not lap over each other at -all. The antennæ also of the one are often long, and do +all. The antennæ also of the one are often long, and do not terminate in a <i>bristle</i>; while in the other, with few exceptions, they are very short and setigerous. In the <i>Heteroptera</i> the body is depressed and flat, in the <i>Homoptera</i> @@ -14159,7 +14118,7 @@ for <i>mastication</i>; whereas in those that do <i>not</i> use them for mastication, as the <i>Hymenoptera</i>, or that take their food by suction, this part is replaced by a mostly narrow collar, forming a part of the alitrunk<a name="FNanchor_1213_1213" id="FNanchor_1213_1213"></a><a href="#Footnote_1213_1213" class="fnanchor">[1213]</a>. The existence -then of the <i>prothorax</i> in the <i>Perlidæ</i>, and of the +then of the <i>prothorax</i> in the <i>Perlidæ</i>, and of the <i>collar</i> in the <i>Trichoptera</i>, affords no slight presumptive evidence that they belong to different Orders. Another circumstance that weighs much with me is, that the type<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[Pg 388]</a></span> @@ -14170,18 +14129,18 @@ likewise to the abdomen. Even in their oral organs, as far at least as relates to their mandibles, those of <i>Perla</i>, though membranaceous—a circumstance occurring even in <i>Coleoptera</i>—are of a Neuropterous type; while the -angular termination of the cheeks in the <i>Phryganeæ</i> approaches +angular termination of the cheeks in the <i>Phryganeæ</i> approaches to the Lepidopterous mandibular rudiments. The principal argument on which Mr. MacLeay's opinion -seems to rest, is, that the larvæ of both are +seems to rest, is, that the larvæ of both are aquatic, and clothe themselves in cases formed of various materials: but though this circumstance shows that they approximate in the system, it does not prove that they belong to the same order, since the general habit and appearance of the two animals when arrived at perfection -contravenes it. The larvæ of <i>Myrmeleon</i> and of +contravenes it. The larvæ of <i>Myrmeleon</i> and of <i>Leptis Vermileo</i> form pitfalls of sand for their prey, and -when they become pupæ, cover themselves with it<a name="FNanchor_1215_1215" id="FNanchor_1215_1215"></a><a href="#Footnote_1215_1215" class="fnanchor">[1215]</a>; but +when they become pupæ, cover themselves with it<a name="FNanchor_1215_1215" id="FNanchor_1215_1215"></a><a href="#Footnote_1215_1215" class="fnanchor">[1215]</a>; but this in them does not even prove an affinity, but only an analogy. The larva of <i>Perla</i> is carnivorous<a name="FNanchor_1216_1216" id="FNanchor_1216_1216"></a><a href="#Footnote_1216_1216" class="fnanchor">[1216]</a>, that of <i>Phryganea</i> mostly herbivorous<a name="FNanchor_1217_1217" id="FNanchor_1217_1217"></a><a href="#Footnote_1217_1217" class="fnanchor">[1217]</a>: so that they are not @@ -14203,7 +14162,7 @@ in yielding to it.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Wings</i> four, upper pair mostly hairy, lower ample, folded: <i>neuration</i> branching.</p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Anus</i> without setæ. <i>Eggs</i> extruded in a gelatinous +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Anus</i> without setæ. <i>Eggs</i> extruded in a gelatinous mass<a name="FNanchor_1219_1219" id="FNanchor_1219_1219"></a><a href="#Footnote_1219_1219" class="fnanchor">[1219]</a>. </p> @@ -14217,7 +14176,7 @@ having no scales upon their wings, and others being without any <i>antlia</i> (<i>Aglossa</i>). Other peculiar characters are to be found in them; for instance, the <i>patagia</i>, or tippets, that adorn their evanescent thorax<a name="FNanchor_1221_1221" id="FNanchor_1221_1221"></a><a href="#Footnote_1221_1221" class="fnanchor">[1221]</a>, and the -<i>tegulæ</i>, or base-covers, of a shape quite dissimilar to +<i>tegulæ</i>, or base-covers, of a shape quite dissimilar to those of <i>Hymenoptera</i>, which cover and defend the base of their wings<a name="FNanchor_1222_1222" id="FNanchor_1222_1222"></a><a href="#Footnote_1222_1222" class="fnanchor">[1222]</a>. As in the last Order, their legs are located all together with scarcely any space intervening @@ -14254,7 +14213,7 @@ properly be considered as its <i>canaille</i>. Almost all the tribes of <i>Hymenoptera</i>, from the saw-flies to the ants, have their representatives in this Order. Though the number of wings is its prominent feature, yet there are -two-winged insects in other Orders, as some <i>Ephemeræ</i>: +two-winged insects in other Orders, as some <i>Ephemeræ</i>: and the <i>Eproboscidea</i> of Latreille seem rather a kind of winged <i>Aptera</i>, if we consider their <i>trophi</i>, than real <i>Diptera</i>; or they may form an osculant group, partly @@ -14342,7 +14301,7 @@ legs, and consist of the three Linnean genera <i>Pediculus</i>, <i>Lepisma</i>, and <i>Podura</i> (<i>Thysanura</i> and <i>Anoplura</i>). Some of the mites (<i>Acarus</i> L.) are hexapods, but their body has no distinction of head, trunk, and abdomen. The -metamorphosis of most female <i>Blattæ</i>, and of some other +metamorphosis of most female <i>Blattæ</i>, and of some other <i>Orthoptera</i> that are apterous, cannot be regarded as materially different from that of the Hexapods. Amongst the <i>Anoplura</i>,—the <i>Pediculi</i>, or lice, are suctorious, and @@ -14361,7 +14320,7 @@ in which insects take their food.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Mouth</i> perfect, or rostellate<a name="FNanchor_1239_1239" id="FNanchor_1239_1239"></a><a href="#Footnote_1239_1239" class="fnanchor">[1239]</a>. </p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> distinct.</p> +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> distinct.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Legs</i> six, in every state.</p> @@ -14370,7 +14329,7 @@ Arachnida</i> of Latreille, excluding the <i>Pycnogonida</i>; of the <i>Acaridea</i>, <i>Sironidea</i>, <i>Phalangidea</i>, and part of the <i>Scorpionidea</i> of Mr. MacLeay, and, with some exceptions, of the Linnean genera <i>Acarus</i> and <i>Phalangium</i>. -This last tribe (for with Linné, I include <i>Chelifer</i> and +This last tribe (for with Linné, I include <i>Chelifer</i> and <i>Obsidium</i> in the <i>Phalangidea</i>,) on one side approaches <i>Scorpio</i> by <i>Thelyphonus</i>, and on the other the <i>Aranidea</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span> by <i>Gonyleptes</i>; or, according to Mr. MacLeay, the @@ -14391,7 +14350,7 @@ cancriformis</i>, &c.).</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Mouth</i> various<a name="FNanchor_1242_1242" id="FNanchor_1242_1242"></a><a href="#Footnote_1242_1242" class="fnanchor">[1242]</a>. </p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> obsolete, or represented by mandibles. +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> obsolete, or represented by mandibles. </p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Legs</i> mostly eight, but in a few six only<a name="FNanchor_1243_1243" id="FNanchor_1243_1243"></a><a href="#Footnote_1243_1243" class="fnanchor">[1243]</a>. @@ -14405,7 +14364,7 @@ the same Class with the Hexapods, and connects them with the <i>Anoplura</i> by means of certain intestinal worms of an indistinct annulose structure<a name="FNanchor_1244_1244" id="FNanchor_1244_1244"></a><a href="#Footnote_1244_1244" class="fnanchor">[1244]</a> (<i>Entozoa Nematoidea</i> Rud.), in which the sexes are diœcious, and some of -which are furnished with lateral spinulæ,—thus, as he +which are furnished with lateral spinulæ,—thus, as he supposes, connected with the Polypods; and with the <i>Anoplura</i> by others (<i>Epizoaria</i> Lam.) in which appendages appear somewhat analogous to the legs of Hexapods, @@ -14427,7 +14386,7 @@ and requires further examination.</p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Eyes</i> compound or aggregate. </p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> distinct. +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Antennæ</i> distinct. </p> <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Legs</i> six on the trunk, many on the abdomen. @@ -14466,7 +14425,7 @@ what are deemed the first pair of legs of <i>Octopods</i> and palpi of perfect insects. Whether the base of the first pair of these palpi is in any respect analogous to the labium of insects, (as that of the second seems to be to their -maxillæ,) I am not prepared to assert: it will therefore be +maxillæ,) I am not prepared to assert: it will therefore be most advisable to name these palpi <i>anterior</i> and <i>posterior</i>: but as they evidently proceed from the <i>head</i> in <i>Galeodes</i>, and in that genus are clearly analogous to @@ -14477,7 +14436,7 @@ not in a <i>primary</i> sense <i>legs</i>; although in a <i>secondary</i>, as M. Savigny has proved, they may be so called<a name="FNanchor_1250_1250" id="FNanchor_1250_1250"></a><a href="#Footnote_1250_1250" class="fnanchor">[1250]</a>. </p> -<p>1. <span class="smcap">Araneidea</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. (<i>Aranea</i> L., <i>Araneidæ</i> Latr.) +<p>1. <span class="smcap">Araneidea</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. (<i>Aranea</i> L., <i>Araneidæ</i> Latr.) The <i>Araneidea</i>, or spiders, seem resolvable into <i>two</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span> suborders,—the <i>Sedentaries</i> and the <i>Wanderers</i>; thus forming, perhaps, what Mr. MacLeay would denominate @@ -14535,7 +14494,7 @@ sting<a name="FNanchor_1255_1255" id="FNanchor_1255_1255"></a><a href="#Footnote <p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Eyes</i> two. </p> -<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Mandibles</i> chelate with dentated chelæ. +<p style="margin-left: 4em;"><i>Mandibles</i> chelate with dentated chelæ. </p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span></p> @@ -14616,7 +14575,7 @@ when spoken of might always be known by the termination:—thus if a subclass end in <i>ata</i>, a suborder might end in <i>ita</i>; a section in <i>ana</i>, a subsection in <i>ena</i>; a tribe in <i>ina</i>, a subtribe in <i>ona</i>; a stirps in <i>una</i>; and a family -in <i>idæ</i>; the genera being left free.</p> +in <i>idæ</i>; the genera being left free.</p> <p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span>With regard to their <i>characters</i>, we are not to place our groups upon Procrustes' bed, and lop or torture @@ -14627,7 +14586,7 @@ group; for the value of characters varies,—those that in some cases are common to an <i>Order</i>, in others indicate only <i>sections</i>, or <i>tribes</i>, or <i>genera</i> and <i>species</i>, or sometimes even <i>sexes</i>. What is constant in one group is not -so in another, and <i>vice versâ</i>; so that it is a vain labour +so in another, and <i>vice versâ</i>; so that it is a vain labour to search for a <i>universal</i> character. If it is our wish really to trace the labyrinth of nature, we can only accomplish it by a careful perusal and examination of her @@ -14636,7 +14595,7 @@ various Entomologists, and those of the very highest class, have been misled by a kind of <i>favouritism</i> to give too universal a currency to certain characters for which they have conceived a predilection. Some have been -the champions of the <i>antennæ</i>; others of the <i>trophi</i>; +the champions of the <i>antennæ</i>; others of the <i>trophi</i>; others again of the <i>wings</i>; and others of the <i>metamorphosis</i>. These are all characters which within certain limits lead us right, and are an index to a natural group; @@ -14647,7 +14606,7 @@ and are perplexed in the mazes of a <i>method</i><a name="FNanchor_1264_1264" id <p>Let us now see whether we can pitch upon any suborder which will afford an example of every group that we have lately named. Mr. MacLeay, from a consideration -of the larvæ of that Order, has divided the <i>Coleoptera</i> +of the larvæ of that Order, has divided the <i>Coleoptera</i> into five primary groups that may be denominated <i>Suborders</i>. Whether these are all natural groups<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span> has not yet been made sufficiently evident. It answers @@ -14656,13 +14615,13 @@ select therefore his <i>Chilopodimorpha</i> for my suborder, altering the name as above proposed to <i>Chilopodimorph</i>it<i>a</i>: for my <i>Section</i> I take the Predaceous beetles, or <i>Adephaga</i> of M. Clairville, distinguished by having the -upper lobe of their maxillæ biarticulate and palpiform;—these +upper lobe of their maxillæ biarticulate and palpiform;—these I would denominate <i>Adephag</i>an<i>a</i>, or devourers. They consist of two groups forming two subsections, the one <i>terrestrial</i> and the other <i>aquatic</i>; which I would name, following Mr. MacLeay, <i>Geodephag</i>en<i>a</i> and <i>Hydrodephag</i>en<i>a</i>. These two subsections are each resolvable -into two <i>Tribes</i> constituted by Linné's four genera +into two <i>Tribes</i> constituted by Linné's four genera <i>Cicindela</i> and <i>Carabus</i>; <i>Dytiscus</i> and <i>Gyrinus</i>. The first tribe, remarkable for the swiftness of their <i>flight</i>, I would name <i>Eupter</i>in<i>a</i>, or fliers; the second, equally @@ -14683,7 +14642,7 @@ elytra MM. Latreille and Dejean have named <i>Truncatipennes</i><a name="FNancho these, to shorten the name, I call <i>Truncipenn</i>un<i>a</i>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 402]</a></span> This brings us down to the lowest group formed out of genera and subgenera: or the <i>family</i>, which from -its principal genus is named <i>Brachinidæ</i>, and which +its principal genus is named <i>Brachinidæ</i>, and which leads us to the <i>genus Brachinus</i>, and the <i>subgenus Aptini</i>. Thus we get the following scale, expressing every division of an Order, till we arrive at its lowest term, or @@ -14728,7 +14687,7 @@ the <i>species</i> that compose it.</p> <span style="margin-left: 12em;"><span class="smcap">Family</span> </span><br /> -<span style="margin-left: 13em;"><i>Brachinidæ</i> +<span style="margin-left: 13em;"><i>Brachinidæ</i> </span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 14em;"><span class="smcap">Genus</span> @@ -14753,22 +14712,22 @@ have been considered as such by preceding Entomologists. The four <i>Tribes</i> into which the two subsections <i>Geodephag</i>en<i>a</i> and <i>Hydradephag</i>en<i>a</i> appear resolvable, are not only distinguished by the characters of the perfect -insect, but likewise by those of their larvæ, which +insect, but likewise by those of their larvæ, which are constructed on four distinct types; those of the <i>Gyronech</i>in<i>a</i> being the most perfectly Chilopodimorphous of the whole, and those of the <i>Eunech</i>in<i>a</i> the least so<a name="FNanchor_1266_1266" id="FNanchor_1266_1266"></a><a href="#Footnote_1266_1266" class="fnanchor">[1266]</a>. The former appear rather to form an osculant tribe, or one without the circle, than one within it; and to be going off towards another section, including <i>Hydrophilus</i>, -<i>Sphæridium</i>, &c. I must observe, that between <i>Dytiscus</i> +<i>Sphæridium</i>, &c. I must observe, that between <i>Dytiscus</i> and <i>Hydrophilus</i> there is a striking agreement both in -their form and habits in the larvæ<a href="#Footnote_1266_1266" class="fnanchor">[1266]</a>, and even in several +their form and habits in the larvæ<a href="#Footnote_1266_1266" class="fnanchor">[1266]</a>, and even in several characters in the perfect insect; so as in many respects to generate a doubt whether they ought not to enter the same circle and to follow each other. Yet the change of habits in the latter, which from a carnivorous larva becomes a herbivorous beetle; the consequent -change of structure in their oral organs, their antennæ, +change of structure in their oral organs, their antennæ, and other striking differences; and the evident intervention of the <i>Gyronech</i>in<i>a</i> and some other osculant tribes between the two, forbid their union in one and the same circle.</p> @@ -14777,7 +14736,7 @@ the two, forbid their union in one and the same circle.</p> Order which conduct us to what are denominated its<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span> <i>genera</i>; but upon these last it will not be a waste of your time to enlarge a little. In the last edition of the <i>Systema -Naturæ</i>, and in its appendixes, Linné has described +Naturæ</i>, and in its appendixes, Linné has described 2840 species of <i>Insecta</i> and <i>Arachnida</i>, which he divided into 83 genera, allowing upon an average nearly 35 species to each genus. From the paucity of the materials, @@ -14802,7 +14761,7 @@ an appropriate name<a name="FNanchor_1268_1268" id="FNanchor_1268_1268"></a><a h choice of evils. It would require probably more than 10,000 names to designate them, were every extreme group distinguished by a name: but if Mr. MacLeay's -admirable pattern exhibited in his genus <i>Phanæus</i><a name="FNanchor_1269_1269" id="FNanchor_1269_1269"></a><a href="#Footnote_1269_1269" class="fnanchor">[1269]</a> were +admirable pattern exhibited in his genus <i>Phanæus</i><a name="FNanchor_1269_1269" id="FNanchor_1269_1269"></a><a href="#Footnote_1269_1269" class="fnanchor">[1269]</a> were followed, it would not call for more than 2000—could<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span> the trifling difficulty occasioned sometimes by the discovery of a new group, be set against the advantage of having @@ -14816,7 +14775,7 @@ of the above objection, and might be used with advantage.</p> from another,—for the most part in important characters, indicating some tangible difference in their habits and economy, and confirmed by peculiarities in their -larvæ; and these differences run through the whole, except +larvæ; and these differences run through the whole, except that as usual they grow weaker as it is passing off to another; especially where they are striking in the centre or type of the group,—this is always a legitimate @@ -14838,11 +14797,11 @@ which in all cases a species may be distinguished from<span class="pagenum"><a n a variety;—for those characters that in some are constant, in others vary. In general, where there is no difference in <i>form</i>, <i>appendages</i> and <i>organs</i>, <i>sculpture</i>, <i>proportions</i> -and <i>larvæ</i>,—<i>colour</i> alone, especially in insects inhabiting +and <i>larvæ</i>,—<i>colour</i> alone, especially in insects inhabiting the same district, only indicates a casual variety. Thus <i>Aphodius luridus</i> has sometimes pale elytra with the -striæ black (<i>Scarabæus nigro-sulcatus</i> Marsh.): at others it -has black spots between the striæ, as in the type: in a +striæ black (<i>Scarabæus nigro-sulcatus</i> Marsh.): at others it +has black spots between the striæ, as in the type: in a third variety the elytra are black at the base and pale at the apex (<i>Sc. varius</i> Marsh.); and lastly, in a fourth they are intirely black (<i>Sc. gagates</i> Marsh.);—yet all these in @@ -14889,7 +14848,7 @@ divisible into two; which gives <i>five</i> of the same degree, but of which, two have a greater affinity to each other than they have to the other three<a name="FNanchor_1272_1272" id="FNanchor_1272_1272"></a><a href="#Footnote_1272_1272" class="fnanchor">[1272]</a>. Mr. W. S. MacLeay, in the progress of his inquiries to ascertain -the station of <i>Scarabæus sacer</i>, discovered that the thalerophagous +the station of <i>Scarabæus sacer</i>, discovered that the thalerophagous and saprophagous Petalocerous beetles resolved themselves each into a circle containing <i>five</i> such groups. And having got this principle, and finding that @@ -14906,7 +14865,7 @@ arrangement in various groups of birds<a name="FNanchor_1275_1275" id="FNanchor_ a most remarkable coincidence, and seems a strong argument in favour of Mr. MacLeay's system. I should observe, however, that according to that system, as -stated in his <i>Horæ Entomologicæ</i>, if the osculant or +stated in his <i>Horæ Entomologicæ</i>, if the osculant or transition groups are included, the total number is <i>seven</i><a name="FNanchor_1276_1276" id="FNanchor_1276_1276"></a><a href="#Footnote_1276_1276" class="fnanchor">[1276]</a>:—these are groups small in number both of genera and species, that intervene between and connect the larger @@ -14923,7 +14882,7 @@ not resolve its ultimate groups into five species; nor am I certain that he regards the penultimate groups as invariably consisting of five ultimate ones. In <i>Copris</i> I seem in my own cabinet to possess ten or twelve distinct -types<a name="FNanchor_1278_1278" id="FNanchor_1278_1278"></a><a href="#Footnote_1278_1278" class="fnanchor">[1278]</a>; and in <i>Phanæus</i>, the fifth type, which Mr. MacLeay +types<a name="FNanchor_1278_1278" id="FNanchor_1278_1278"></a><a href="#Footnote_1278_1278" class="fnanchor">[1278]</a>; and in <i>Phanæus</i>, the fifth type, which Mr. MacLeay regards as containing insects resembling all the other types<a name="FNanchor_1279_1279" id="FNanchor_1279_1279"></a><a href="#Footnote_1279_1279" class="fnanchor">[1279]</a>, appears to me rather divided into <i>two</i>; one formed by <i>P. carnifex</i>, <i>Vindex</i>, <i>igneus</i>, &c., and @@ -15146,7 +15105,7 @@ some members of it in several points of its structure, it differs from the whole group in the general features and characteristic marks that distinguish it, the relation it bears to those members is merely that of <i>analogy</i>. Thus, -for instance, <i>Ascalaphus italicus</i> in its antennæ, the colouring +for instance, <i>Ascalaphus italicus</i> in its antennæ, the colouring of its wings, and its general aspect, exhibits a striking resemblance to a <i>butterfly</i>; yet a closer examination of its characters will satisfy any one that it is in quite @@ -15157,8 +15116,8 @@ does not annul the claim of any tribe of insects to remain in it; since this very often only indicates a retrocession from the type, and not a disruption of its ties of affinity. Thus the saw-flies (<i>Serrifera</i>) differ from the other <i>Hymenoptera</i>, -though not in their pupæ, yet more or less -in their larvæ; but this alone cannot countervail their +though not in their pupæ, yet more or less +in their larvæ; but this alone cannot countervail their agreement with that Order in their organs of manducation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span> and motion, in their ovipositor, and in the other details of their structure<a name="FNanchor_1287_1287" id="FNanchor_1287_1287"></a><a href="#Footnote_1287_1287" class="fnanchor">[1287]</a>. @@ -15207,9 +15166,9 @@ violence attack and devour their prey:—for instance, the sharks, pikes, &c., amongst the fishes; the eagles, hawks, &c., amongst the birds; and the whole feline genus amongst the beasts. Similar characters give a similar -relation of analogy to the <i>Mantidæ</i> and <i>Libellulina</i> +relation of analogy to the <i>Mantidæ</i> and <i>Libellulina</i> amongst the <i>Orthoptera</i> and <i>Neuroptera</i>. The whole -family of <i>Arachne</i>, the larvæ of the <i>Myrmeleonina</i>, &c., +family of <i>Arachne</i>, the larvæ of the <i>Myrmeleonina</i>, &c., portray those animals that to ferocity add cunning and stratagem, or suck the blood of their victims. The <i>Myriapods</i> symbolize in a striking manner the Ophidian @@ -15218,8 +15177,8 @@ form you will acknowledge that it represents a <i>living</i> serpent; next turn your eyes to a centipede or <i>Scolopendra</i>, and you will find it nearly an exact model of the skeleton of a <i>dead</i> one, the flat segments of its body resembling -the vertebræ, its curving legs the ribs, and its<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span> -venomous maxillæ the poison-fangs. The great body of +the vertebræ, its curving legs the ribs, and its<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span> +venomous maxillæ the poison-fangs. The great body of the <i>Orthoptera</i>, the <i>Homopterous Hemiptera</i>, the <i>Lepidoptera</i>, and <i>Trichoptera</i>, afford no example of Predaceous insects. All the analogies I have here particularized, @@ -15256,7 +15215,7 @@ the <i>reptiles</i> may be looked upon as falling into this division, I am not sufficiently conversant with them to assert; but if any, the <i>Chelonians</i>, or tortoise and turtle tribes, are entitled to that distinction. Amongst the birds, -the <i>Gallinæ</i> and <i>Anseres</i>,—from which Orders we derive +the <i>Gallinæ</i> and <i>Anseres</i>,—from which Orders we derive our domestic poultry, whether terrestrial or aquatic,—and our game, form the step next below the ruminants, or cattle: and we are thus again led towards man, and are @@ -15268,7 +15227,7 @@ of animals exhibiting these amiable and useful qualities is calculated to impress upon us some notion. I might mention many more instances of ascending analogies; as from some of the <i>Diptera</i> by the parrots, to the <i>Quadrumanes</i> -or monkey tribes—or from some of the <i>Iulidæ</i> that +or monkey tribes—or from some of the <i>Iulidæ</i> that roll themselves into a ball, to the <i>Armadillo</i>; but these are sufficient to set your mind at work upon the subject, so that you may trace them for yourself. Nor shall I @@ -15478,7 +15437,7 @@ and sometimes leather, and is occasionally, like elytra, lined with a <i>hypoderma</i><a name="FNanchor_1294_1294" id="FNanchor_1294_1294"></a><a href="#Footnote_1294_1294" class="fnanchor">[1294]</a>; the articulation of the head with the trunk is likewise the same in both<a name="FNanchor_1295_1295" id="FNanchor_1295_1295"></a><a href="#Footnote_1295_1295" class="fnanchor">[1295]</a>: and some Heteropterous species so strikingly resemble beetles -(<i>Lygæus</i>, <i>brevipennis</i> &c.), having little or no membrane +(<i>Lygæus</i>, <i>brevipennis</i> &c.), having little or no membrane at the end of their hemelytra, that they might easily be mistaken for them. These circumstances prove, I think, that this suborder is more analogous to the @@ -15493,7 +15452,7 @@ you have heard long since, are signalized by possessing the same powers of song, and produced by an analogous organ<a name="FNanchor_1296_1296" id="FNanchor_1296_1296"></a><a href="#Footnote_1296_1296" class="fnanchor">[1296]</a>: a large proportion also of both are endued with wonderful saltatorious powers, and their posterior -tibiæ are similarly armed; their legs in general likewise +tibiæ are similarly armed; their legs in general likewise are longitudinally angular, and the head in both articulates with the trunk in the same manner<a name="FNanchor_1297_1297" id="FNanchor_1297_1297"></a><a href="#Footnote_1297_1297" class="fnanchor">[1297]</a>. In both Orders too, the upper organs of flight are most commonly @@ -15506,7 +15465,7 @@ and behind is producted into a long scutelliform process, under which all the parts also are analogous; the abdomen articulates with the trunk in the same way, is similar in shape in both, and consists of short inosculating -segments. Some <i>Fulgoridæ</i> and <i>Truxalides</i> agree +segments. Some <i>Fulgoridæ</i> and <i>Truxalides</i> agree also in their producted front. Other analogous characters might be named between these tribes, but these are sufficient to confirm M. Savigny's opinion. That the @@ -15556,7 +15515,7 @@ easy to be decided,—I mean, which Order of insects is to have the <i>precedency</i>, and which is the connecting link that unites them to Vertebrate animals.</p> -<p>Linné (and Mr. MacLeay seems in this to coincide +<p>Linné (and Mr. MacLeay seems in this to coincide with him) considered the <i>Coleoptera</i> as at the head of the Class of insects; De Geer thought the <i>Lepidoptera</i> entitled to that honour; Latreille and Cuvier begin with @@ -15579,8 +15538,8 @@ If we consider these in all their parts, the organs for flight only excepted, they seem more perfectly formed and finished than the insects of any other order. But which of the Coleopterous tribes are entitled to the -precedency? Linné placed the Lamellicorn beetles at -the head of the order, beginning with the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, +precedency? Linné placed the Lamellicorn beetles at +the head of the order, beginning with the <i>Dynastidæ</i>, probably led by some characters which seem to connect these with the Branchiostegous fishes. In this he was followed by Fabricius. But Latreille and most modern @@ -15608,7 +15567,7 @@ unlike a butterfly<a name="FNanchor_1307_1307" id="FNanchor_1307_1307"></a><a hr shell or crust, formed by the union of its scales. The oral <i>cirrhi</i> of many fishes seem analogous to the <i>palpi</i> of insects; and in some a pair longer than the rest represent -their <i>antennæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1308_1308" id="FNanchor_1308_1308"></a><a href="#Footnote_1308_1308" class="fnanchor">[1308]</a>. Another circumstance in which +their <i>antennæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1308_1308" id="FNanchor_1308_1308"></a><a href="#Footnote_1308_1308" class="fnanchor">[1308]</a>. Another circumstance in which insects and fishes correspond, is the wonderful variety of forms, often in the greatest degree eccentric, that occurs in both Classes. Some of the cyclostomous fishes, as @@ -15619,7 +15578,7 @@ passage to the <i>Chilopoda</i><a name="FNanchor_1310_1310" id="FNanchor_1310_13 as passing into the <i>Anoplura</i> by means of some osculant Order as yet unknown<a name="FNanchor_1311_1311" id="FNanchor_1311_1311"></a><a href="#Footnote_1311_1311" class="fnanchor">[1311]</a>. But I must confess I can see no good ground for this last transition:—the -<i>Anoplura</i> appear much more nearly related to the <i>Psocidæ</i>, +<i>Anoplura</i> appear much more nearly related to the <i>Psocidæ</i>, especially by the apterous <i>Atropos pulsatoria</i><a name="FNanchor_1312_1312" id="FNanchor_1312_1312"></a><a href="#Footnote_1312_1312" class="fnanchor">[1312]</a> than to any<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span> <i>Coleopterous</i> insect. But having stated these opinions, I shall leave you to draw your own conclusions, as the @@ -15631,14 +15590,14 @@ they are connected with insects, is not at present clear.</p> <p>With regard to <i>reptiles</i>, they seem to be connected with insects by several characters. In the <i>Chelonians</i>, the skeleton merges in the external carapace or -shell; the <i>Ophidians</i> change their skin like larvæ; +shell; the <i>Ophidians</i> change their skin like larvæ; the <i>Batrachians</i> undergo metamorphoses; some of the <i>Saurians</i> also have their changes: and the <i>Draco volans</i> has wings somewhat analogous to those of insects<a name="FNanchor_1313_1313" id="FNanchor_1313_1313"></a><a href="#Footnote_1313_1313" class="fnanchor">[1313]</a>. Were I to be asked what Order of insects could connect with reptiles, I should point to the <i>Orthoptera</i>, especially <i>Gryllus</i> L., which by their noise and saltatorious -powers not a little resemble frogs; and the larvæ +powers not a little resemble frogs; and the larvæ of some strikingly imitate their form<a name="FNanchor_1314_1314" id="FNanchor_1314_1314"></a><a href="#Footnote_1314_1314" class="fnanchor">[1314]</a>: and of others even that of a lizard<a name="FNanchor_1315_1315" id="FNanchor_1315_1315"></a><a href="#Footnote_1315_1315" class="fnanchor">[1315]</a>. But these resemblances, after all, may only indicate analogies.</p> @@ -15678,7 +15637,7 @@ which the History of Entomology may be divided: viz.<span class="pagenum"><a nam 1. The Era of the <i>Ancients</i>. 2. The Era of the <i>revival</i> of the science after the darkness of the middle ages. 3. The Era of Swammerdam and Ray, or of the <i>Metamorphotic -System</i>. 4. The Era of Linné, or of the <i>Alary +System</i>. 4. The Era of Linné, or of the <i>Alary System</i>. 5. The Era of Fabricius, or of the <i>Maxillary System</i>. 6. The Era of Latreille, or of the <i>Eclectic System</i>. And 7. The Era of MacLeay, or of the <i>Quinary @@ -15720,7 +15679,7 @@ otherwise have been <i>de ignotis</i>.</p> <p>Allusion is made in Holy Writ to insects of almost every one of the modern Orders<a name="FNanchor_1321_1321" id="FNanchor_1321_1321"></a><a href="#Footnote_1321_1321" class="fnanchor">[1321]</a>. They are represented -as employed <i>divinitùs</i> sometimes to annoy the enemies +as employed <i>divinitùs</i> sometimes to annoy the enemies of the Israelites, and at others to punish that people themselves when they apostatized from their God. The prophets frequently introduce them as symbols of enemies @@ -15758,10 +15717,10 @@ This language of the lamented and learned President of the Linnean Society is particularly applicable to what this great and original genius has effected in <i>Entomology</i>. We have seen upon a former occasion<a name="FNanchor_1326_1326" id="FNanchor_1326_1326"></a><a href="#Footnote_1326_1326" class="fnanchor">[1326]</a>, that -Linné himself had not those precise ideas of the limits +Linné himself had not those precise ideas of the limits of the Class <i>Insecta</i>, which Aristotle so many centuries before him had adopted. In stating the obligations of -Entomology to this true <i>sçavant</i>, I shall begin by laying +Entomology to this true <i>sçavant</i>, I shall begin by laying before you a tabular view of what may be called his system, as far as I have been able to collect it from his works, especially his <i>History of Animals</i>.</p> @@ -15804,7 +15763,7 @@ works, especially his <i>History of Animals</i>.</p> <td class="brace bt bl"> </td> <td class="c5">Pterota vel Ptilota<a name="FNanchor_1331_1331" id="FNanchor_1331_1331"></a><a href="#Footnote_1331_1331" class="fnanchor">[1331]</a></td> <td class="brace bl"> </td> - <td class="c5" colspan="3">Psychæ = <i>Lepidoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1330_1330" id="FNanchor_1330_1330"></a><a href="#Footnote_1330_1330" class="fnanchor">[1330]</a>.</td> + <td class="c5" colspan="3">Psychæ = <i>Lepidoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1330_1330" id="FNanchor_1330_1330"></a><a href="#Footnote_1330_1330" class="fnanchor">[1330]</a>.</td> <td class="brace"></td> <td class="c5"></td> </tr> @@ -15909,7 +15868,7 @@ From the above statement it will appear that this great philosopher had no contemptible notion,—though he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span> has only distinguished three of them as larger groups by appropriate names,—of the majority of the Orders -of Insects at present admitted. His <i>Coleoptera</i>, <i>Psychæ</i>, +of Insects at present admitted. His <i>Coleoptera</i>, <i>Psychæ</i>, and <i>Diptera</i> are evidently such. His idea of <i>Hemiptera</i> seems taken solely from the <i>Cicada</i> or <i>Tettix</i>: but the manner in which he expresses himself concerning it, as @@ -15919,7 +15878,7 @@ that he regarded it as the type of a distinct group. Since he considers the saltatorious <i>Orthoptera</i> as forming such a group, it is probable that he included the cursorious ones with the <i>Neuroptera</i> in his <i>majora</i> section of <i>Tetraptera</i>; -and the resemblance of many of the <i>Mantidæ</i> +and the resemblance of many of the <i>Mantidæ</i> to the <i>Neuroptera</i> is so great, that this mistake would not be wonderful. His division of the <i>Diptera</i> is quite artificial. @@ -15974,7 +15933,7 @@ in the exordium of his eleventh book he has so eloquently and with so much animation defended from the misrepresentations of ignorance, Pliny has conferred a lasting obligation on the science. The last zoological -writer of note was Ælian, who amongst other animals<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span> +writer of note was Ælian, who amongst other animals<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span> often mentions insects. He has, however, few original observations. One was, that scorpions are viviparous<a name="FNanchor_1344_1344" id="FNanchor_1344_1344"></a><a href="#Footnote_1344_1344" class="fnanchor">[1344]</a>. From him we learn incidentally that artificial flies were @@ -15983,7 +15942,7 @@ sometimes used by Grecian anglers<a name="FNanchor_1345_1345" id="FNanchor_1345_ <p> 2. <i>The Era of the Revival of the Science.</i> From the -time of Pliny and Ælian 1400 years rolled away, in +time of Pliny and Ælian 1400 years rolled away, in which scarcely any thing was done or attempted for Entomology or Natural History in general. During that long night the glimmer of only one faint luminary appeared @@ -16346,14 +16305,14 @@ utility. One of the most remarkable works of the era we are upon was published at Lignitz in the year 1603, by Caspar Schwenckfeeld, a physician of Hirschberg, under -the title of <i>Theriotrophium Silesiæ</i>. This was probably +the title of <i>Theriotrophium Silesiæ</i>. This was probably the first attempt at a Fauna that ever was made. In it animals are divided into quadrupeds, reptiles, birds, fishes, and insects. The <i>Crustacea</i>, <i>Mollusca</i>, and <i>Zoophytes</i>, -are included under fishes. He says of the <i>Spongiæ</i> +are included under fishes. He says of the <i>Spongiæ</i> that they are <i>moved</i> by animalcula which inhabit them<a name="FNanchor_1356_1356" id="FNanchor_1356_1356"></a><a href="#Footnote_1356_1356" class="fnanchor">[1356]</a>. Did he borrow this observation from Aristotle,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[Pg 441]</a></span> -or was it made by himself<a name="FNanchor_1357_1357" id="FNanchor_1357_1357"></a><a href="#Footnote_1357_1357" class="fnanchor">[1357]</a>? It is singular that Linné +or was it made by himself<a name="FNanchor_1357_1357" id="FNanchor_1357_1357"></a><a href="#Footnote_1357_1357" class="fnanchor">[1357]</a>? It is singular that Linné should never allude to this work. Goedart, who belongs also to this era, is stated to have spent forty years of his life in attending to the proceedings of insects<a name="FNanchor_1358_1358" id="FNanchor_1358_1358"></a><a href="#Footnote_1358_1358" class="fnanchor">[1358]</a>. But after @@ -16447,7 +16406,7 @@ in modern language: <td class="c5"></td> <td class="brace bb bl"> </td> <td class="c5"></td> - <td class="c5"><i>Muscidæ</i>, &c<a name="FNanchor_1365_1365" id="FNanchor_1365_1365"></a><a href="#Footnote_1365_1365" class="fnanchor">[1365]</a>.</td> + <td class="c5"><i>Muscidæ</i>, &c<a name="FNanchor_1365_1365" id="FNanchor_1365_1365"></a><a href="#Footnote_1365_1365" class="fnanchor">[1365]</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> @@ -17340,7 +17299,7 @@ inspection of the table. <!-- E --><td class="c5">Metamorphosis coarctata</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bb bl"></td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5"><i>Muscidæ</i> et <i>Ichneumones minuti</i> L.<a name="FNanchor_1385_1385" id="FNanchor_1385_1385"></a><a href="#Footnote_1385_1385" class="fnanchor">[1385]</a></td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5"><i>Muscidæ</i> et <i>Ichneumones minuti</i> L.<a name="FNanchor_1385_1385" id="FNanchor_1385_1385"></a><a href="#Footnote_1385_1385" class="fnanchor">[1385]</a></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -17464,7 +17423,7 @@ inspection of the table. <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- N --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- O --><td class="c5"><i>Seticaudæ</i>, seu <i>Tripilia</i><a name="FNanchor_1384_1384" id="FNanchor_1384_1384"></a><a href="#Footnote_1384_1384" class="fnanchor">[1384]</a>.</td> + <!-- O --><td class="c5"><i>Seticaudæ</i>, seu <i>Tripilia</i><a name="FNanchor_1384_1384" id="FNanchor_1384_1384"></a><a href="#Footnote_1384_1384" class="fnanchor">[1384]</a>.</td> <!-- P --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- Q --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -17516,7 +17475,7 @@ modern Arachnologists. His specific descriptions are drawn with a precision till then unknown; and each is headed by a short definition of the species, which he calls the <i>Titulus</i>, synonymous with the <i>Nomen specificum</i> -of Linné, whose canon of twelve words it rarely exceeds. +of Linné, whose canon of twelve words it rarely exceeds. </p> <p> @@ -17537,8 +17496,8 @@ no other works of eminence, with the exception of Madam Merian's beautiful illustration of the metamorphosis of the insects of Surinam, made their appearance: but in the interval of twenty-five years, which elapsed -between the publication of that work and of Linné's -first outline of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, Entomologists became +between the publication of that work and of Linné's +first outline of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, Entomologists became more numerous and active. In England the pious and learned author of the <i>Physico</i> and <i>Astro-Theology</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[Pg 446]</a></span> was celebrated for the assiduity with which he studied @@ -17579,7 +17538,7 @@ its acme may be dated.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[Pg </p> <p> -4. <i>Era of Linné, or of the</i> Alary <i>System.</i> We are now +4. <i>Era of Linné, or of the</i> Alary <i>System.</i> We are now arrived at that period in the history of Natural Knowledge, especially of Entomology, in which it received that form, with respect to its general outline, which, amidst @@ -17594,7 +17553,7 @@ name distinguishes this new era, imbibed a taste for Entomology almost as early as for Botany<a name="FNanchor_1389_1389" id="FNanchor_1389_1389"></a><a href="#Footnote_1389_1389" class="fnanchor">[1389]</a>; and though the latter became his favourite, and absorbed his principal attention, he did not altogether neglect the former. -In the first edition of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, published in +In the first edition of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, published in 1735, and contained in only <i>fourteen</i> folio pages<a name="FNanchor_1390_1390" id="FNanchor_1390_1390"></a><a href="#Footnote_1390_1390" class="fnanchor">[1390]</a>, he began to arrange the three kingdoms of nature after his own conceptions. But this initiatory sketch, as might @@ -17769,7 +17728,7 @@ merit that character. The <i>second</i> indeed and the <i>last</i> require further subdivision, and concerning the <i>fourth</i> no satisfactory conclusion has yet been drawn. With regard to his <i>series</i> of the Orders, it is mostly artificial. -Linné has the advantage of all his predecessors in giving +Linné has the advantage of all his predecessors in giving clearer definitions of his Orders, and in their nomenclature; in which he has followed the path first trodden by Aristotle. @@ -17801,7 +17760,7 @@ Thus, in speaking of the common lady-bird they would call it "the <i>Coccinella</i> with red <i>coleoptra</i><a name="FNanchor_1392_1392" id="FNanchor_1392_1392"></a><a href="#Footnote_1392_1392" class="fnanchor">[1392]</a> having seven black dots." This enunciation of any object was at first called its Title (<i>Titulus</i>), and afterwards its Specific -Name (<i>Nomen specificum</i>), and by Linné was restricted +Name (<i>Nomen specificum</i>), and by Linné was restricted to <i>twelve</i> words<a name="FNanchor_1393_1393" id="FNanchor_1393_1393"></a><a href="#Footnote_1393_1393" class="fnanchor">[1393]</a>. But as the number of species increased to remember each definition was no easy task; that he might remedy this inconvenience, he invented what is @@ -17813,7 +17772,7 @@ invention has rendered it less necessary to restrict the <i>Nomen specificum</i> to twelve words: it is desirable, however, that the definition of a species should be as short as possible, and contain only its <i>distinctive</i> characters. -In his definitions and descriptions Linné was often +In his definitions and descriptions Linné was often very happy; but sometimes, in studying to avoid prolixity, he forgets Horace's hint, </p> @@ -17833,7 +17792,7 @@ description, so extremely short as to suit equally well perhaps a dozen different insects. The minor groups into which he has divided some of his Orders and Genera are sometimes natural, sometimes artificial. Those -of the <i>Coleoptera</i>, from characters drawn from their antennæ +of the <i>Coleoptera</i>, from characters drawn from their antennæ (as is evident from his arrangement of the genera in that Order), are of the latter description; while those of his <i>Aptera</i> are more natural. The genera that @@ -17845,7 +17804,7 @@ have been intuitive. </p> <p> -But in no respect were the labours of Linné more beneficial +But in no respect were the labours of Linné more beneficial to the science and to Zoology in general, than when he undertook to describe the animals of his own country. His <i>Fauna Suecica</i> is an admirable exemplar, @@ -17855,7 +17814,7 @@ shall no longer remain unregistered and undescribed. Botanists have almost every where been diligent in effecting this with respect to plants, but other branches of Natural History have been more neglected. -In his <i>Systema Naturæ</i> Linné attempted this for all the +In his <i>Systema Naturæ</i> Linné attempted this for all the productions of our globe. The idea was a vast one; and the execution, though necessarily falling far short of it, did him infinite honour: and in it he has laid a foundation @@ -17875,7 +17834,7 @@ snatched from labours infinitely greater, the produce, as he himself tells us, of moments consumed by others in "venationibus, confabulationibus, tesseris, chartis, lusibus, compotationibus<a name="FNanchor_1394_1394" id="FNanchor_1394_1394"></a><a href="#Footnote_1394_1394" class="fnanchor">[1394]</a>." It is not so much in original -discovery that the merits of Linné lie,—though considered +discovery that the merits of Linné lie,—though considered in this view they are pre-eminent,—as in the unrivalled skill with which he sifted the observations of his predecessors, separating the ore from the dross, and concentrating @@ -17895,7 +17854,7 @@ leads to artificial results, in others affords a clue to natural groups; it can only therefore be applied subject to frequent exceptions. Geoffroy's work<a name="FNanchor_1396_1396" id="FNanchor_1396_1396"></a><a href="#Footnote_1396_1396" class="fnanchor">[1396]</a>, which was published in 1764, was further serviceable by indicating -many genera not defined by Linné.</p> +many genera not defined by Linné.</p> <p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[Pg 452]</a></span> @@ -18218,8 +18177,8 @@ the celebrated De Geer, who united in himself the highest merit of almost every department of that science. Both as a systematist, anatomist, and physiologist, and as the observant historian of the manners -and economy of insects, his <i>Mémoires pour servir -à l'Histoire des Insectes</i> are above all praise. His +and economy of insects, his <i>Mémoires pour servir +à l'Histoire des Insectes</i> are above all praise. His system<a name="FNanchor_1397_1397" id="FNanchor_1397_1397"></a><a href="#Footnote_1397_1397" class="fnanchor">[1397]</a> is contained in a posthumous volume published in 1778<a name="FNanchor_1398_1398" id="FNanchor_1398_1398"></a><a href="#Footnote_1398_1398" class="fnanchor">[1398]</a>. </p> @@ -18227,8 +18186,8 @@ in 1778<a name="FNanchor_1398_1398" id="FNanchor_1398_1398"></a><a href="#Footno <p> This system, though built upon the instruments of flight; in its ternary groups, equivalent to the Orders of -Linné, adds likewise the instruments of manducation, -and is thus intermediate between that of Linné and Fabricius, +Linné, adds likewise the instruments of manducation, +and is thus intermediate between that of Linné and Fabricius, who perhaps from the consideration of it might derive the first idea of assuming the last-mentioned organs as the basis of a new method. But, though partaking @@ -18240,8 +18199,8 @@ have succeeded it. But following too strictly these characters, he has been led to place in different Classes, or rather Orders, insects that ought not to have been so separated,—as in the case of the two sections of the <i>Hemiptera</i>, -and the <i>Coccidæ</i>. In other respects the whole of -De Geer's <i>Mémoires</i> are a storehouse of valuable observations, +and the <i>Coccidæ</i>. In other respects the whole of +De Geer's <i>Mémoires</i> are a storehouse of valuable observations, in which he has furnished many a clue for threading the labyrinth of nature, and given most complete and interesting histories of the whole economy and habits<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[Pg 454]</a></span> @@ -18255,12 +18214,12 @@ during part of the era we are now considering, which eclipsed every one that appeared before it, and has scarcely been equalled by any one that succeeded it. The date of its first appearance, indeed, was a year before -that of Linné's first outline of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i> +that of Linné's first outline of his <i>Systema Naturæ</i> before alluded to; but it may properly be regarded as belonging to his era, since it did not disappear till some years after that had begun. A volume indeed would scarcely suffice to do justice to the preeminent merits of -Reaumur, as exhibited in his admirable <i>Mémoires pour +Reaumur, as exhibited in his admirable <i>Mémoires pour l'Histoire des Insectes</i><a name="FNanchor_1399_1399" id="FNanchor_1399_1399"></a><a href="#Footnote_1399_1399" class="fnanchor">[1399]</a>: I must therefore content myself with observing, that in judgement and ingenuity in planning his experiments; in patient assiduity in watching @@ -18276,7 +18235,7 @@ too prolix; but we must recollect that from the nature of his subject much diffuseness was often necessary to render his meaning clear. A greater objection is his total inattention to all system, except with regard to -<i>Lepidoptera</i> and their larvæ<a name="FNanchor_1400_1400" id="FNanchor_1400_1400"></a><a href="#Footnote_1400_1400" class="fnanchor">[1400]</a>, so that it is often difficult<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span> +<i>Lepidoptera</i> and their larvæ<a name="FNanchor_1400_1400" id="FNanchor_1400_1400"></a><a href="#Footnote_1400_1400" class="fnanchor">[1400]</a>, so that it is often difficult<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span> to ascertain the insects whose history he gives. But with these exceptions, no observer of nature, who wishes his discoveries to be at once profound and interesting, can @@ -18342,9 +18301,9 @@ English ants, which I formerly noticed<a name="FNanchor_1405_1405" id="FNanchor_ <p> One of our first poets, the celebrated Gray, was also much devoted to Entomology. From his interleaved -copy of the <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, that venerable and able naturalist, +copy of the <i>Systema Naturæ</i>, that venerable and able naturalist, Sir T. G. Cullum, Bart. copied the following -characters of the genera of insects of Linné, drawn up +characters of the genera of insects of Linné, drawn up in Latin Hexameters, which he kindly communicated to me. </p> @@ -18366,14 +18325,14 @@ me. </p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Serra pedum prodit <i>Scarabæum</i> et fissile cornu.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Dermesti</i> antennæ circum ambit lamina caulem<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Serra pedum prodit <i>Scarabæum</i> et fissile cornu.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Dermesti</i> antennæ circum ambit lamina caulem<br /></span> <span class="i0">Qui caput incurvum timidus sub corpore celat.<br /></span> <span class="i0">In pectus retrahens caput abdit claviger <i>Hister</i>.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Occiput <i>Attelabi</i> in posticum vergit acumen.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Curculio</i> ingenti protendit cornua rostro.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Silpha</i> læves peltæ atque elytrorum exporrigit oras.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Truncus apex clavæ, atque antennulæ <i>Coccionellæ</i>.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Silpha</i> læves peltæ atque elytrorum exporrigit oras.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Truncus apex clavæ, atque antennulæ <i>Coccionellæ</i>.<br /></span> </div></div> <p class="center"> @@ -18382,10 +18341,10 @@ me. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0"><i>Cassida</i> sub clypei totam se margine condit.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Chrysomela</i> inflexa loricæ stringitur ora.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Gibba caput <i>Meloë</i> incurvat thorace rotundo.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Chrysomela</i> inflexa loricæ stringitur ora.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gibba caput <i>Meloë</i> incurvat thorace rotundo.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Oblongus frontem et tenues clypei exerit oras<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Tenebrio</i>. Abdomen <i>Mordellæ</i> lamina vestit.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Tenebrio</i>. Abdomen <i>Mordellæ</i> lamina vestit.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Curta elytra ostentat <i>Staphylis</i> caudamque recurvam.<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -18396,14 +18355,14 @@ me. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">Tubere cervicis valet, antennisque <i>Cerambyx</i>.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Pectore <i>Leptura</i> est tereti corpusque coarctat.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Flexile <i>Cantharidis</i> tegmen, laterumque papillæ.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Flexile <i>Cantharidis</i> tegmen, laterumque papillæ.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Ast <i>Elater</i> resilit sterni mucrone supinus.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Maxillâ exsertâ est oculoque <i>Cicindela</i> grandi.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Bupresti</i> antennæ graciles, cervice retractâ.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Nec <i>Dytiscus</i> iners setosâ remige plantâ.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Maxillâ exsertâ est oculoque <i>Cicindela</i> grandi.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Bupresti</i> antennæ graciles, cervice retractâ.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Nec <i>Dytiscus</i> iners setosâ remige plantâ.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Effigiem cordis <i>Carabus</i> dat pectore trunco.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Necydalis</i> curto ex elytro nudam explicat alam.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Curtum, at <i>Forficulæ</i> tegit hanc, cum forcipe cauda.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Curtum, at <i>Forficulæ</i> tegit hanc, cum forcipe cauda.<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -18413,19 +18372,19 @@ me. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i5"><i>Dimidiam rostrata gerunt</i> Hemiptera <i>crustam</i><br /></span> -<span class="i5"> <i>Fœmina serpit humi interdum, volat æthera conjux.</i><br /></span> +<span class="i5"> <i>Fœmina serpit humi interdum, volat æthera conjux.</i><br /></span> </div></div> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Depressum <i>Blattæ</i> corpus venterque bicornis.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Depressum <i>Blattæ</i> corpus venterque bicornis.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Dente vorax <i>Gryllus</i> deflexis saltitat alis.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Rostro <i>Nepa</i> rapax pollet chelisque. <i>Cicada</i><br /></span> <span class="i0">Fastigio alarum, et rostrato pectore saltat.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Tela <i>Cimex</i> inflexa gerit, cruce complicat alas.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Notonecta</i> crucem quoque fert remosque pedales.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Cornua <i>Aphis</i> caudæ et rostrum, sæpe erigit alas.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cornua <i>Aphis</i> caudæ et rostrum, sæpe erigit alas.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Deprimit has <i>Chermes</i>, dum saltat pectore gibbo.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Coccus</i> iners caudæ setas, volitante marito.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Coccus</i> iners caudæ setas, volitante marito.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Thrips</i> alas angusta gerit, caudamque recurvam.<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -18436,13 +18395,13 @@ me. </p> <p class="center"> -<i>Squamam alæ, linguæ spiram</i> Lepidoptera <i>jactant</i>. +<i>Squamam alæ, linguæ spiram</i> Lepidoptera <i>jactant</i>. </p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0"><i>Papilio</i> clavam, et squamosas subrigit alas.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Prismaticas <i>Sphinx</i> antennas, medioque tumentes:<br /></span> -<span class="i0">At conicas gravis extendit sub nocte <i>Phalæna</i>.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At conicas gravis extendit sub nocte <i>Phalæna</i>.<br /></span> </div></div> <p class="center"> @@ -18450,15 +18409,15 @@ me. </p> <p class="center"> -<i>Rete alæ nudum atque hamos</i> Neuroptera <i>caudæ</i>. +<i>Rete alæ nudum atque hamos</i> Neuroptera <i>caudæ</i>. </p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Dente alisque potens secat æthera longa <i>Libella</i>.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Caudâ setigerâ erectis stat <i>Ephemera</i> pennis.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dente alisque potens secat æthera longa <i>Libella</i>.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Caudâ setigerâ erectis stat <i>Ephemera</i> pennis.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Phryganea</i> elinguis rugosas deprimit alas.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Hemerinus</i>que bidens planas tamen explicat ille.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Et rostro longo et caudâ <i>Panorpa</i> minatur.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Et rostro longo et caudâ <i>Panorpa</i> minatur.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Raphidia</i> extento collo setam trahit unam.<br /></span> </div></div> @@ -18467,7 +18426,7 @@ me. </p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0"><i>At vitreas alas, jaculumque</i> Hymenoptera <i>caudæ.</i><br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>At vitreas alas, jaculumque</i> Hymenoptera <i>caudæ.</i><br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Fœmineo data tela gregi, maribusque negata.</i><br /></span> </div></div> @@ -18476,9 +18435,9 @@ me. <span class="i0">Maxillas <i>Tenthredo</i> movet, serramque bivalvem.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Ichneumon</i> gracili triplex abdomine telum:<br /></span> <span class="i0">Et valde aurato resplendet corpore <i>Chrysis</i>.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Haurit <i>Apis</i> linguâ incurvâ, quod vindicat ense.<br /></span> -<span class="i0"><i>Sphex</i> alam expandit lævem, gladiumque recondit.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Alæ ruga notat <i>Vespam</i>, caudæque venenum.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Haurit <i>Apis</i> linguâ incurvâ, quod vindicat ense.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"><i>Sphex</i> alam expandit lævem, gladiumque recondit.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Alæ ruga notat <i>Vespam</i>, caudæque venenum.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Squamula <i>Formicam</i> tergi, telumque pedestrem,<br /></span> <span class="i0">Dum minor alata volitat cum conjuge conjux.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Mutilla</i> impennis, sed cauda spicula vibrat.<br /></span> @@ -18493,11 +18452,11 @@ Diptera <i>sub geminis alis se pondere librant</i>. </p> <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">Os <i>Œstro</i> nullum, caudâque timetur inermi.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Longa caput <i>Tipula</i> est, labiisque et prædita palpis.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Os <i>Œstro</i> nullum, caudâque timetur inermi.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Longa caput <i>Tipula</i> est, labiisque et prædita palpis.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Palpis <i>Musca</i> caret, retrahitque proboscida labris.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Qua <i>Tabanus</i> gaudet pariter, palpis subacutis.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Os <i>Culicis</i> molli e pharetrâ sua spicula vibrat.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Os <i>Culicis</i> molli e pharetrâ sua spicula vibrat.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Rostrum <i>Empis</i> durum et longum sub pectore curvat.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Porrigit articuli de cardine noxia <i>Conops</i>.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Porrigit at rectum et conicum sitibundus <i>Asilus</i>.<br /></span> @@ -18519,7 +18478,7 @@ Aptera <i>se pedibus pennarum nescia jactant</i>. <div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> <span class="i0">Exit tres setas cauda extendente <i>Lepisma</i>.<br /></span> -<span class="i0">Saltatrix est cauda <i>Poduræ</i> inflexa bifurca.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Saltatrix est cauda <i>Poduræ</i> inflexa bifurca.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Armantur <i>Termis</i> maxillis ora duabus.<br /></span> <span class="i0">Fert telum quod ab ore <i>Pediculus</i> edat acutum.<br /></span> <span class="i0"><i>Pulicis</i> inflexum rostrum est, telumque recondit.<br /></span> @@ -18536,7 +18495,7 @@ Aptera <i>se pedibus pennarum nescia jactant</i>. </div></div> <p> -During this era, and by the influence of Linné, in the +During this era, and by the influence of Linné, in the year 1739 the Royal Academy of Sciences at Stockholm was established, which did for Natural History in Sweden what our own Royal Society had done for it in England. @@ -18564,7 +18523,7 @@ Empire<a name="FNanchor_1406_1406" id="FNanchor_1406_1406"></a><a href="#Footnot 5. <i>Era of Fabricius, or of the</i> Maxillary <i>System</i>.—We are now arrived, if its consequences be considered, at one of the most important epochs of the science. Fabricius, -a pupil of Linné, who highly estimated his entomological +a pupil of Linné, who highly estimated his entomological acquirements<a name="FNanchor_1407_1407" id="FNanchor_1407_1407"></a><a href="#Footnote_1407_1407" class="fnanchor">[1407]</a>, thinking that the system of his master was not built upon a foundation sufficiently fixed and restricted<a name="FNanchor_1408_1408" id="FNanchor_1408_1408"></a><a href="#Footnote_1408_1408" class="fnanchor">[1408]</a>, conceived the idea of doing for @@ -18576,7 +18535,7 @@ happily those organs were employed as characters in extricating the genera of Vertebrate animals, assumed the <i>instruments</i> of <i>manducation</i>, far more numerous and various in insects, for the basis of a new system of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[Pg 461]</a></span> -Entomology; which, from the <i>maxillæ</i> being principally +Entomology; which, from the <i>maxillæ</i> being principally employed to characterize the <i>Classes</i> or rather <i>Orders</i>, may be called the <i>Maxillary</i> System. De Geer, indeed, as we have seen above, had, in the majority of his @@ -18586,7 +18545,7 @@ and made the <i>Trophi</i><a name="FNanchor_1409_1409" id="FNanchor_1409_1409">< called them, the sole corner-stone of his whole superstructure. Though nothing seems to have been further from his intention than to follow <i>Nature</i>, since he complains -that Linné by following her too closely had lost +that Linné by following her too closely had lost the Ariadnean thread of system<a name="FNanchor_1410_1410" id="FNanchor_1410_1410"></a><a href="#Footnote_1410_1410" class="fnanchor">[1410]</a>, yet it is singular that, by building upon this seemingly narrow foundation, he has furnished a clue, by the due use of which, instead @@ -18600,7 +18559,7 @@ their character and station. <p> The <i>first</i> outline of his System, I believe, appeared in -his <i>Systema Entomologiæ</i> published in 1775; and the <i>last</i>, +his <i>Systema Entomologiæ</i> published in 1775; and the <i>last</i>, in his <i>Supplement</i> to his <i>Entomologia Systematica</i> in 1798. In this the series and characters of his Classes (for so, after De Geer, he denominates his primary groups) were @@ -18664,19 +18623,19 @@ corneous, armed with a claw. <p> 8. <span class="smcap">Polygonata</span><a name="FNanchor_1418_1418" id="FNanchor_1418_1418"></a><a href="#Footnote_1418_1418" class="fnanchor">[1418]</a>. (<i>Isopod</i> and <i>Branchiopod Crustacea</i> -Latr.) <i>Palpi</i> mostly six; <i>Maxillæ</i> many <i>within</i> the +Latr.) <i>Palpi</i> mostly six; <i>Maxillæ</i> many <i>within</i> the labium. </p> <p> 9. <span class="smcap">Kleistognatha</span><a name="FNanchor_1419_1419" id="FNanchor_1419_1419"></a><a href="#Footnote_1419_1419" class="fnanchor">[1419]</a>. (<i>Brachyurous Decapod Crustacea</i> -Latr.) Many <i>Maxillæ without</i> the labium, closing +Latr.) Many <i>Maxillæ without</i> the labium, closing the mouth. </p> <p> 10. <span class="smcap">Exochnata</span><a name="FNanchor_1420_1420" id="FNanchor_1420_1420"></a><a href="#Footnote_1420_1420" class="fnanchor">[1420]</a>. (<i>Macrurous Decapod Crustacea</i> Latr.) -<i>Maxillæ</i> many <i>without</i> the labium, covered by +<i>Maxillæ</i> many <i>without</i> the labium, covered by palpi. </p></blockquote> @@ -18709,7 +18668,7 @@ without joints. <p> The <i>Orders</i> of Fabricius are equivalent usually to the <i>primary</i> groups of the Linnean Orders, and are regulated -chiefly by the <i>antennæ</i>. +chiefly by the <i>antennæ</i>. </p> <p> @@ -18741,9 +18700,9 @@ others: that of the <i>Piezata</i> is scarcely to be found in it; since in this the maxilla, instead of being <i>corneous</i>, is usually <i>coriaceous</i><a name="FNanchor_1426_1426" id="FNanchor_1426_1426"></a><a href="#Footnote_1426_1426" class="fnanchor">[1426]</a>, and its lobe sometimes nearly membranous. In the <i>Unogata</i> he even mistakes the mandibles -for maxillæ. Let any young Entomologist endeavour to +for maxillæ. Let any young Entomologist endeavour to make out the Fabrician class of a <i>Cicindela</i> for instance; -and finding its maxillæ corneous and armed with a claw, +and finding its maxillæ corneous and armed with a claw, he would conclude that it belonged to the <i>Unogata</i> rather than to the <i>Eleutherata</i>. Besides all this, the necessity of examining minute parts not easily come at without dissection, @@ -18753,7 +18712,7 @@ is very discouraging to a beginner. <p> From hence it is evident, that the system of Fabricius, considered as an <i>artificial</i> one or a <i>method</i>, was no improvement -upon the classification of his master Linné, +upon the classification of his master Linné, but rather a retrograde movement in the science. </p> @@ -18775,7 +18734,7 @@ indebted to this great man. He first, as was lately observed, directed the attention of her votaries to parts which enabled them better to follow the chain of affinities, and to trace out natural groups. In his <i>Philosophia -Entomologica</i>, drawn up on the plan of Linné's <i>Philosophia +Entomologica</i>, drawn up on the plan of Linné's <i>Philosophia Botanica</i>, he bequeathed to the science a standard work that ought to be studied by every Entomologist. His incredible labours in defining new genera and describing @@ -18795,26 +18754,26 @@ in the North of Europe, Britain, or France. In the latter country the Linnean phraseology and characters of the Orders were retained by the celebrated Olivier; while at the same time his definitions of genera were constructed, -after the Fabrician model, upon the antennæ and the +after the Fabrician model, upon the antennæ and the oral organs. But a new and brilliant genius had now appeared in France, whose indefatigable labours and singular talents have thrown more light over entomological science than those of all his predecessors. In 1796, about two years after Fabricius had completed his <i>Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta</i>, M. Latreille published -his <i>Précis de Caractères Génériques des Insectes</i>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[Pg 466]</a></span> +his <i>Précis de Caractères Génériques des Insectes</i>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[Pg 466]</a></span> in which important work, walking in the steps of his great compatriot Bernard de Jussieu, he disregarded all <i>artificial</i> systems of Entomology, and attempted to construct one upon a <i>natural</i> basis: and to this end, uniting the consideration of the instruments of manducation with that of the organs for flight and motion, and of -other external characters,—or the system of Linné with +other external characters,—or the system of Linné with that of Fabricius,—he became the founder of the modern or <i>Eclectic</i> system<a name="FNanchor_1429_1429" id="FNanchor_1429_1429"></a><a href="#Footnote_1429_1429" class="fnanchor">[1429]</a>; for he judiciously adopted that sensible <i>dictum</i> of Scopoli, "Classes et Genera naturalia, -non sola <i>instrumenta cibaria</i>, non solæ <i>alæ</i>, nec solæ -<i>antennæ</i> constituunt, sed structura <i>totius</i>, ac cujusque +non sola <i>instrumenta cibaria</i>, non solæ <i>alæ</i>, nec solæ +<i>antennæ</i> constituunt, sed structura <i>totius</i>, ac cujusque vel minimi discriminis diligentissima observatio<a name="FNanchor_1430_1430" id="FNanchor_1430_1430"></a><a href="#Footnote_1430_1430" class="fnanchor">[1430]</a>." His object has been in the above and subsequent works, by dividing his Classes into <i>natural</i> Groups, from the Order @@ -18895,7 +18854,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Territelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Territelæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -18917,7 +18876,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tubitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tubitelæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -18936,10 +18895,10 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Sedintariæ</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Sedintariæ</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Inequitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Inequitelæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -18961,7 +18920,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Orbitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Orbitelæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -18983,7 +18942,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Laterigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Laterigradæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19018,7 +18977,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pulmonariæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pulmonariæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19027,7 +18986,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5">Vagantes</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Citigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Citigradæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19049,7 +19008,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Saltigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Saltigradæ.</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- M --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19065,7 +19024,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Pedipalpæ</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Pedipalpæ</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19150,7 +19109,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Tracheariæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Tracheariæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19206,7 +19165,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- K --><td class="c5">Acaridia</td> <!-- L --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- M --><td class="c5">Riciniæ.</td> + <!-- M --><td class="c5">Riciniæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 17 --> @@ -19228,7 +19187,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- L --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- M --><td class="c5">Hydrachnellæ.</td> + <!-- M --><td class="c5">Hydrachnellæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 18 --> @@ -19250,7 +19209,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- L --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- M --><td class="c5">Microphthiræ.</td> + <!-- M --><td class="c5">Microphthiræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 19 --> @@ -19351,7 +19310,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5">2. Thysanura</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepismenæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepismenæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19373,7 +19332,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Podurellæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Podurellæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19759,7 +19718,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tarentulæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tarentulæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 4 --> @@ -19769,7 +19728,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pulmonariæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pulmonariæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -19816,7 +19775,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tubitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Tubitelæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 7 --> @@ -19835,7 +19794,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Inæquitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Inæquitelæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 8 --> @@ -19854,7 +19813,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5">Dipneumones</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Orbitelæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Orbitelæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 9 --> @@ -19873,7 +19832,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Laterigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Laterigradæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 10 --> @@ -19892,7 +19851,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Citigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Citigradæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 11 --> @@ -19911,7 +19870,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Saltigradæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Saltigradæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 12 --> @@ -19997,7 +19956,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Tracheariæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Tracheariæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5">Acarides.</td> @@ -20019,7 +19978,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Hydrachnellæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Hydrachnellæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20038,7 +19997,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Riciniæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Riciniæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20152,7 +20111,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Inæquipedes.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Inæquipedes.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20171,7 +20130,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Æquipedes.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Æquipedes.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20209,7 +20168,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5">Thysanoura</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepismenæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepismenæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20228,7 +20187,7 @@ tables will give you a sufficient idea<a name="FNanchor_1431_1431" id="FNanchor_ <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Podurellæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Podurellæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -20588,7 +20547,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cicindeletæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cicindeletæ.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21196,7 +21155,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Sphæridiota.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Sphæridiota.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21256,7 +21215,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- K --><td class="c5">Arenicolæ.</td> + <!-- K --><td class="c5">Arenicolæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 37 --> @@ -21272,7 +21231,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Scarabæides</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Scarabæides</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- K --><td class="c5">Xylophili.</td> @@ -21386,7 +21345,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Pimeliariæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Pimeliariæ.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21671,7 +21630,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Lagriariæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Lagriariæ.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21709,7 +21668,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Mordellonæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Mordellonæ.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21766,7 +21725,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cantharidiæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cantharidiæ.</td> <!-- J --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- K --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -21804,7 +21763,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Bruchelæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Bruchelæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 2 --> @@ -21986,7 +21945,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lamiariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lamiariæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 16 --> @@ -21999,7 +21958,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepturetæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Lepturetæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 17 --> @@ -22064,7 +22023,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Cassidariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Cassidariæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 22 --> @@ -22077,7 +22036,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Cyclica</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Chrysomelinæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Chrysomelinæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 23 --> @@ -22090,7 +22049,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Galerucidæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Galerucidæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 24 --> @@ -22126,7 +22085,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Fungicolæ.</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Fungicolæ.</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22179,7 +22138,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5">I.</td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Blattariæ.</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Blattariæ.</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22244,7 +22203,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Locustariæ.</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Locustariæ.</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22300,7 +22259,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Membranaceæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Membranaceæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 42 --> @@ -22310,7 +22269,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Geocorisæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Geocorisæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5">Nudicolles.</td> @@ -22326,7 +22285,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Oculatæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Oculatæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 44 --> @@ -22362,7 +22321,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Hydrocorisæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Hydrocorisæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> <!-- G --><td class="c5">Nepides.</td> @@ -22414,10 +22373,10 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Cicadariæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Cicadariæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Fulgorellæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Fulgorellæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 51 --> @@ -22443,7 +22402,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Cicadellæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Cicadellæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 53 --> @@ -22594,7 +22553,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Panorpatæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Panorpatæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22642,7 +22601,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Planipennes</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Psoquillæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Psoquillæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22658,7 +22617,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Termitinæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Termitinæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22674,7 +22633,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Raphidinæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Raphidinæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22739,7 +22698,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Securifera</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Tenthredinetæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Tenthredinetæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22819,7 +22778,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pupivora</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Gallicolæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Gallicolæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22899,7 +22858,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Heterogyna</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Formicariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Formicariæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22915,7 +22874,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Mutillariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Mutillariæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -22947,7 +22906,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Scolietæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Scolietæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23027,7 +22986,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Larratæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Larratæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23091,7 +23050,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Diploptera</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Vespariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Vespariæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23139,7 +23098,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Andrenetæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Andrenetæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23158,7 +23117,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Solitariæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Solitariæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 41 --> @@ -23187,10 +23146,10 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Apiariæ</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Apiariæ</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Dasygastræ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Dasygastræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 43 --> @@ -23206,7 +23165,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cuculinæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cuculinæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 44 --> @@ -23364,7 +23323,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Zygænides.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Zygænides.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23444,7 +23403,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5">Nocturna</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Noctuælites.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Noctuælites.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23476,7 +23435,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Phalænites.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Phalænites.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23584,7 +23543,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Gallicolæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Gallicolæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 4 --> @@ -23597,10 +23556,10 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Tipulariæ</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Tipulariæ</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Terricolæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Terricolæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 5 --> @@ -23616,7 +23575,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Fungivoræ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Fungivoræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 6 --> @@ -23885,7 +23844,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Syrphiæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Syrphiæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23901,7 +23860,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Conopsariæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Conopsariæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -23936,7 +23895,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cryptogastræ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Cryptogastræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 26 --> @@ -23952,7 +23911,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Creophilæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Creophilæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 27 --> @@ -23968,7 +23927,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Carpomyzæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Carpomyzæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 28 --> @@ -23984,7 +23943,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5">Muscides</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Dolichoceræ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Dolichoceræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 29 --> @@ -24000,7 +23959,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Gonocephalæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Gonocephalæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 30 --> @@ -24016,7 +23975,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Scathophilæ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Scathophilæ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 31 --> @@ -24032,7 +23991,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- G --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- H --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- I --><td class="c5">Apteræ.</td> + <!-- I --><td class="c5">Apteræ.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 32 --> @@ -24042,10 +24001,10 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- C --><td class="c5">II.</td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bt bb bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pupiparæ</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Pupiparæ</td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bt bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Coriaceæ.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Coriaceæ.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -24061,7 +24020,7 @@ each. This I have already done, to save space, in the <!-- E --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- F --><td class="brace bb bl"> </td> - <!-- G --><td class="c5">Phthiromyiæ<a name="FNanchor_1432_1432" id="FNanchor_1432_1432"></a><a href="#Footnote_1432_1432" class="fnanchor">[1432]</a>.</td> + <!-- G --><td class="c5">Phthiromyiæ<a name="FNanchor_1432_1432" id="FNanchor_1432_1432"></a><a href="#Footnote_1432_1432" class="fnanchor">[1432]</a>.</td> <!-- H --><td class="brace"></td> <!-- I --><td class="c5"></td> @@ -24258,8 +24217,8 @@ take their food. <p> Lamarck,—whose merits as a Zoologist, except in one -point<a name="FNanchor_1434_1434" id="FNanchor_1434_1434"></a><a href="#Footnote_1434_1434" class="fnanchor">[1434]</a>, are of the highest order,—in his <i>Système des Animaux -sans Vertèbres</i>, which was published in 1801, adopts +point<a name="FNanchor_1434_1434" id="FNanchor_1434_1434"></a><a href="#Footnote_1434_1434" class="fnanchor">[1434]</a>, are of the highest order,—in his <i>Système des Animaux +sans Vertèbres</i>, which was published in 1801, adopts the above division of insects; but, after Aristotle<a name="FNanchor_1435_1435" id="FNanchor_1435_1435"></a><a href="#Footnote_1435_1435" class="fnanchor">[1435]</a>, he makes the <i>Hymenoptera</i> an intermediate Order between the masticators and those that take their food by suction; @@ -24267,23 +24226,23 @@ he places the <i>Lepidoptera</i> at the head of the latter, and the <i>Aphaniptera</i>, which he denominates <i>Aptera</i>, at the end<a name="FNanchor_1436_1436" id="FNanchor_1436_1436"></a><a href="#Footnote_1436_1436" class="fnanchor">[1436]</a>: the Hexapod, Octopod, and Polypod <i>Aptera</i> he considers as <i>Arachnida</i><a name="FNanchor_1437_1437" id="FNanchor_1437_1437"></a><a href="#Footnote_1437_1437" class="fnanchor">[1437]</a>. In his last great work (<i>Histoire -Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres</i>) he includes +Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres</i>) he includes the <i>Hymenoptera</i> amongst the masticators, and reverses the disposition of his Orders, beginning with his <i>Aptera</i> and ending with the <i>Coleoptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1438_1438" id="FNanchor_1438_1438"></a><a href="#Footnote_1438_1438" class="fnanchor">[1438]</a>. </p> <p> -M. Le Baron Cuvier, in his <i>Anatomie Comparée</i> (1805) +M. Le Baron Cuvier, in his <i>Anatomie Comparée</i> (1805) divided <i>Insecta</i> into two subclasses, from the presence -or absence of <i>maxillæ</i>: thus— +or absence of <i>maxillæ</i>: thus— </p> <table class="middle" summary="M. Le Baron Cuvier Classifications"> <tbody> <tr> - <td class="center"><i>With Maxillæ.</i></td> - <td class="center"><i>Without Maxillæ.</i></td> + <td class="center"><i>With Maxillæ.</i></td> + <td class="center"><i>Without Maxillæ.</i></td> </tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> @@ -24528,7 +24487,7 @@ Classes <i>Myriapoda</i> and <i>Arachnides</i><a name="FNanchor_1442_1442" id="F <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bb bl"></td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Araneïdes.</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Araneïdes.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 19 --> @@ -24588,7 +24547,7 @@ Classes <i>Myriapoda</i> and <i>Arachnides</i><a name="FNanchor_1442_1442" id="F <!-- C --><td class="c5"></td> <!-- D --><td class="brace bl"> </td> - <!-- E --><td class="c5">Eylaïdes.</td> + <!-- E --><td class="c5">Eylaïdes.</td> </tr> <tr> <!-- 25 --> @@ -24790,7 +24749,7 @@ He has made his nomenclature for his so-called families<span class="pagenum"><a more uniform and satisfactory than that of the French Entomologist: and we may say, with respect to the extent and effect of his zoological labours,—<i>Nihil non -tetigit, et omnia quæ tetigit ornavit</i>. +tetigit, et omnia quæ tetigit ornavit</i>. </p> <p> @@ -24822,7 +24781,7 @@ L. to the Decapods or <i>Cancer</i> L.; and so on, till by means perhaps of the genus <i>Bopyrus</i>, which Fabricius regards as a <i>Monoculus</i>, it returns to the Branchiopods again. This circle, through <i>Porcellio</i>, a kind of wood-louse, -&c., which has only a pair of antennæ and at first +&c., which has only a pair of antennæ and at first but six legs, is connected with the <i>Ametabola</i> Class, which beginning with <i>Glomeris</i> goes by the other <i>Chilognatha</i> (<i>Iulus</i> L.), having also six legs at first, and certain @@ -24861,7 +24820,7 @@ We next take his Circles of <i>Mandibulata</i>: thus— In this arrangement of the <i>tribes</i>, as he calls them, of <i>Mandibulata</i>, Mr. MacLeay sets out from the <i>Coleoptera</i>, which he distributes, according to the supposed typical -forms of their <i>larvæ</i>, into five minor groups, sufficiently +forms of their <i>larvæ</i>, into five minor groups, sufficiently noticed on a former occasion<a name="FNanchor_1447_1447" id="FNanchor_1447_1447"></a><a href="#Footnote_1447_1447" class="fnanchor">[1447]</a>. From this tribe or Order he proposes to pass by <i>Atractocerus</i> to the osculant Order <i>Strepsiptera</i>, and from thence by <i>Myrmecodes</i> and the @@ -24912,8 +24871,8 @@ habits and feeding upon <i>putrescent</i> food, and the other <i>clean</i> and nourished by food that has suffered no <i>decay</i>,—set in contrast with each other, and that in each of the opposite groups, the one has its counterpart in some respect -in the other. In none is this more striking than the <i>Scarabæidæ</i> -and <i>Cetoniadæ</i>, both remarkable for having soft +in the other. In none is this more striking than the <i>Scarabæidæ</i> +and <i>Cetoniadæ</i>, both remarkable for having soft membranous mandibles unfit for mastication, and both living upon juices, the one in a putrescent and the other in an undecayed state<a name="FNanchor_1450_1450" id="FNanchor_1450_1450"></a><a href="#Footnote_1450_1450" class="fnanchor">[1450]</a>. @@ -24936,8 +24895,8 @@ and <i>Diptera</i> according to characters derived from this same circumstance<a name="FNanchor_1453_1453" id="FNanchor_1453_1453"></a><a href="#Footnote_1453_1453" class="fnanchor">[1453]</a>: Mr. Jones in the <i>Linnean Transactions</i> had made good use of it in dividing the <i>Diurnal Lepidoptera</i> into groups<a name="FNanchor_1454_1454" id="FNanchor_1454_1454"></a><a href="#Footnote_1454_1454" class="fnanchor">[1454]</a>: and in the <i>Monographia -Apum Angliæ</i>, the characters exhibited by the various -groups into which Linné's genus <i>Apis</i> was resolvable, +Apum Angliæ</i>, the characters exhibited by the various +groups into which Linné's genus <i>Apis</i> was resolvable, as to the neuration of their wings, were described<a name="FNanchor_1455_1455" id="FNanchor_1455_1455"></a><a href="#Footnote_1455_1455" class="fnanchor">[1455]</a>. But M. Jurine was the first Entomologist who made that circumstance the keystone of a system; which indeed he @@ -24987,7 +24946,7 @@ speaking of, carried to its greatest perfection. Painters of insects formerly were satisfied with giving a representation generally correct, without attempting a faithful delineation of all the minor parts, particularly as to -<i>number</i>;—for instance, the joints of the antennæ and +<i>number</i>;—for instance, the joints of the antennæ and tarsi, the areolets of the wings, &c.: but now no one gives satisfaction as an entomological artist unless he is accurate in these respects. @@ -25022,7 +24981,7 @@ it includes. Had he the talents and opportunities of a Humboldt, and could, like him, traverse a large portion of the globe, he would endeavour to note the elevation, the soil and aspect, the latitude and longitude, the mean -temperature and meteorological phænomena, the season +temperature and meteorological phænomena, the season of the year, the kind of country, and other localities connected with the insects he captured, and so might build his superstructure upon a sure basis. But these are<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[Pg 487]</a></span> @@ -25043,7 +25002,7 @@ approximations to an <i>outline</i>, rather than as a correct <p> Amongst the numerous obligations that he conferred -upon Natural History, Linné was the first Naturalist +upon Natural History, Linné was the first Naturalist who turned his attention to the <i>Geographical Distribution</i> of its objects, especially that of the <i>Vegetable</i> Kingdom<a name="FNanchor_1458_1458" id="FNanchor_1458_1458"></a><a href="#Footnote_1458_1458" class="fnanchor">[1458]</a>: and the accomplished traveller Baron Humboldt, @@ -25134,8 +25093,8 @@ least <i>three fourths</i> of the existing species remain undiscovered. Certain groups and genera are found to contain many more species than others: for instance, the <i>Coleoptera</i> and <i>Lepidoptera</i> Orders than the <i>Orthoptera</i> and <i>Neuroptera</i>; -the <i>Rhincophora</i> than the <i>Xylophagi</i>: the <i>Dytiscidæ</i> -than the <i>Gyrinidæ</i>; <i>Aphodius</i> than <i>Geotrupes</i>; +the <i>Rhincophora</i> than the <i>Xylophagi</i>: the <i>Dytiscidæ</i> +than the <i>Gyrinidæ</i>; <i>Aphodius</i> than <i>Geotrupes</i>; <i>Carabus</i> than <i>Calosoma</i>. Again, some insects are much more prolific than others. Thus the <i>Diptera</i> Order, though not half so numerous with respect to <i>species</i> @@ -25196,7 +25155,7 @@ suckers to the masticators in Britain are nearly as 1:6; but with respect to the <i>phytiphagous</i> tribe you must take into consideration that some insects imbibing their food by <i>suction</i> in their <i>perfect</i> state (as the great body of the -<i>Lepidoptera</i>), <i>masticate</i> it when they are <i>larvæ</i>: deducting +<i>Lepidoptera</i>), <i>masticate</i> it when they are <i>larvæ</i>: deducting therefore from both sides the insects thus circumstanced, the masticators will form about <i>three fourths</i> of the remaining British thalerophagous insects. Another circumstance @@ -25303,7 +25262,7 @@ them<a name="FNanchor_1473_1473" id="FNanchor_1473_1473"></a><a href="#Footnote_ consider entomological climates under another view,—that which the genera of <i>Arachnida</i> and insects <i>exclusively</i> appropriated to determinate spots or regions would supply<a name="FNanchor_1474_1474" id="FNanchor_1474_1474"></a><a href="#Footnote_1474_1474" class="fnanchor">[1474]</a>. -Linné's <i>dictum</i> with regard to genera will here also +Linné's <i>dictum</i> with regard to genera will here also apply; "Let the insects point out the climate, and not the climate the insects." If you expect invariably to find the same insects within the same parallels of latitude, you @@ -25359,11 +25318,11 @@ He proposes dividing it primarily into <i>Arctic</i> and <i>Antarctic</i> climates, according as they are situated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[Pg 497]</a></span> <i>above</i> or <i>below</i> the equinoctial line; and taking twelve degrees of latitude for each climate, he subdivides the -whole into <i>twelve</i> climates. Beginning at 84° N. L. he +whole into <i>twelve</i> climates. Beginning at 84° N. L. he has <i>seven Arctic</i> ones, which he names <i>polar</i>, <i>subpolar</i>, <i>superior</i>, <i>intermediate</i>, <i>supratropical</i>, <i>tropical</i>, and <i>equatorial</i>: but his <i>antarctic</i> climates, as no land has been -discovered below 60° S. L., amount only to <i>five</i>, beginning +discovered below 60° S. L., amount only to <i>five</i>, beginning with the <i>equatorial</i> and terminating with the <i>superior</i>. He proposes further to divide his climates into <i>subclimates</i>, by means of certain <i>meridian lines</i>; separating @@ -25371,7 +25330,7 @@ thus the <i>old</i> world from the <i>new</i>, and subdividing the <i>former</i> into two great portions,—an <i>eastern</i>, beginning with <i>India</i>, and a <i>western</i>, terminating with <i>Persia</i>. He proposes further that each climate should -be considered as having 24° of longitude, as well as 12° +be considered as having 24° of longitude, as well as 12° of latitude<a name="FNanchor_1480_1480" id="FNanchor_1480_1480"></a><a href="#Footnote_1480_1480" class="fnanchor">[1480]</a>. In this chart of insect Geography he states that he has endeavoured to make his climates agree with the actual distribution of insects<a name="FNanchor_1481_1481" id="FNanchor_1481_1481"></a><a href="#Footnote_1481_1481" class="fnanchor">[1481]</a>; and it should @@ -25429,7 +25388,7 @@ north or south; and though found in Germany, not yet discovered in Britain. Other species have a still more extensive range, and are common to the old world and the new. Thus <i>Dermestes murinus</i>, <i>Brachinus crepitans</i>, -<i>Tetyra scarabæoides</i><a name="FNanchor_1484_1484" id="FNanchor_1484_1484"></a><a href="#Footnote_1484_1484" class="fnanchor">[1484]</a>, <i>Pentatoma juniperina</i>, <i>Cercopis +<i>Tetyra scarabæoides</i><a name="FNanchor_1484_1484" id="FNanchor_1484_1484"></a><a href="#Footnote_1484_1484" class="fnanchor">[1484]</a>, <i>Pentatoma juniperina</i>, <i>Cercopis spumaria</i>, <i>Vanessa Antiopa</i>, <i>Polyommatus Argiolus</i>, <i>Hesperia Comma</i>, <i>Vespa vulgaris</i>, <i>Ophion luteus</i>, <i>Helophilus pendulus</i>, <i>Oscinis Germinationis</i>, and many besides, @@ -25445,7 +25404,7 @@ any species has a <i>universal</i> range may be doubted, unless indeed the flea and the louse may be excepted. On the other hand, some are confined within very narrow limits. <i>Apion Ulicis</i> for instance, abundant upon -<i>Ulex europæus</i> in Britain, has not, I believe, been found +<i>Ulex europæus</i> in Britain, has not, I believe, been found upon that plant on the continent. </p> @@ -25480,7 +25439,7 @@ polar regions to the line. <p> Generally speaking, the <i>carnivorous</i> insects, whether thalerophagous or saprophagous, are of this description. -<i>Calosoma</i>, which devours Lepidopterous larvæ, though +<i>Calosoma</i>, which devours Lepidopterous larvæ, though poor in species and individuals, is widely scattered. Captain Frankland found <i>C. calidum</i> in his Arctic journey; <i>C. laterale</i> and <i>curvipes</i> inhabit tropical America<a name="FNanchor_1488_1488" id="FNanchor_1488_1488"></a><a href="#Footnote_1488_1488" class="fnanchor">[1488]</a>: <i>C. @@ -25492,8 +25451,8 @@ lady-bird (<i>Coccinella</i>), which keeps within due limits the <i>Aphides</i> of every climate from pole to pole. The <i>Libellulina</i> pursue their prey both in Greenland and New Holland. The <i>saprophagous</i> carnivora are also similarly -predominant;—the <i>Silphidæ</i>, the <i>Dermestidæ</i>, the <i>Brachyptera</i>, -the <i>Muscidæ</i>, prey on carcases wherever the +predominant;—the <i>Silphidæ</i>, the <i>Dermestidæ</i>, the <i>Brachyptera</i>, +the <i>Muscidæ</i>, prey on carcases wherever the action of the solar beam causes them to become putrid. Many of the above insects have probably their <i>capital</i> station, or that where the species are most numerous, in @@ -25501,7 +25460,7 @@ or near the tropics; but the metropolis of the <i>Brachyptera</i>, at least as far as we can judge from our present catalogues, is within the temperate zone, particularly in Britain<a name="FNanchor_1490_1490" id="FNanchor_1490_1490"></a><a href="#Footnote_1490_1490" class="fnanchor">[1490]</a>. The coprophagous <i>Petalocera</i> are most abundant -in the hottest climates; but the <i>Aphodiadæ</i> form a +in the hottest climates; but the <i>Aphodiadæ</i> form a predominant group: Professor Hooker took one species in Iceland<a name="FNanchor_1491_1491" id="FNanchor_1491_1491"></a><a href="#Footnote_1491_1491" class="fnanchor">[1491]</a>, and it probably ascends higher; others are found in India and China: but the metropolis of the @@ -25510,14 +25469,14 @@ is more completely universal than <i>Bombus</i> (<i>Bremus</i> Jur.), which, although its centre or <i>metropolis</i> is likewise in the northern temperate zone, extends from Melville Island to the line. It is remarkable that some of the -tropical <i>Bombi</i> wear the external aspect of <i>Xylocopæ</i>, +tropical <i>Bombi</i> wear the external aspect of <i>Xylocopæ</i>, the kindred genus most prevalent in warm climates; and, -<i>vice versâ</i>, some <i>Xylocopæ</i> resemble <i>Bombi</i>. I have a +<i>vice versâ</i>, some <i>Xylocopæ</i> resemble <i>Bombi</i>. I have a Brazilian undescribed species of the latter genus, whose<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[Pg 502]</a></span> black body and violet-coloured wings would almost cause it to be mistaken for a variety of <i>X. violacea</i>; and <i>B. antiguensis</i> and <i>caffrus</i> F., (though their aspect belies -it,) which misled Fabricius, are true <i>Xylocopæ</i>. I shall +it,) which misled Fabricius, are true <i>Xylocopæ</i>. I shall mention only one other predominant group, but that one of no common celebrity, formed of the gnats, or genus <i>Culex</i>. These piping pests, with their quiver—"venenatis @@ -25536,7 +25495,7 @@ have both an <i>arctic</i> and a <i>tropical</i> metropolis. 2. There are other groups which, though their empire extends to the tropics, fall short of the polar circles:—these I call <i>dominant</i> groups. Of this description are -some of the <i>Scarabæidæ</i>. <i>Onthophagus</i> is found both +some of the <i>Scarabæidæ</i>. <i>Onthophagus</i> is found both in the old world and in the new, and in the temperate and torrid zones. Its principal seat appears to be within the tropics, but it may almost be said to have also a @@ -25550,10 +25509,10 @@ which ranges northward as far as Sweden, is the only<span class="pagenum"><a nam recorded species found in Europe out of Spain. Latreille says, that all the large species of this genus are equinoctial: but <i>C. Tmolus</i>, described and figured by -Fischer<a name="FNanchor_1493_1493" id="FNanchor_1493_1493"></a><a href="#Footnote_1493_1493" class="fnanchor">[1493]</a>, found in Asia near Orenburg, north of 50° N. L., +Fischer<a name="FNanchor_1493_1493" id="FNanchor_1493_1493"></a><a href="#Footnote_1493_1493" class="fnanchor">[1493]</a>, found in Asia near Orenburg, north of 50° N. L., is as big as <i>C. Gigas</i> or <i>bucephalus</i>. Another dominant group of <i>Petalocera</i>, remarkable for the bulk and arms -of its tropical species, are the mighty <i>Dynastidæ</i>, the +of its tropical species, are the mighty <i>Dynastidæ</i>, the giants and princes of the insect race. Though their metropolis is strictly tropical, yet the scouts of their host have wandered even as far as the south of Sweden, where @@ -25563,15 +25522,15 @@ Europe; but though in a torpid state they can endure unhurt the severity of a Scandinavian winter, they cannot when revived stand the cold that often pinches Britons in the midst of summer, and therefore are unknown in -our islands<a name="FNanchor_1495_1495" id="FNanchor_1495_1495"></a><a href="#Footnote_1495_1495" class="fnanchor">[1495]</a>. The <i>Sphæridiadæ</i>, whose metropolis is +our islands<a name="FNanchor_1495_1495" id="FNanchor_1495_1495"></a><a href="#Footnote_1495_1495" class="fnanchor">[1495]</a>. The <i>Sphæridiadæ</i>, whose metropolis is within the northern temperate zone, extend from thence beyond the line, since Dr. Horsfield found two species in Java<a name="FNanchor_1496_1496" id="FNanchor_1496_1496"></a><a href="#Footnote_1496_1496" class="fnanchor">[1496]</a>. It is probable, indeed, that this group is predominant. Some dominant groups begin at a lower latitude. Of this description are the carpenter-bees (<i>Xylocopa</i>), -whose larvæ are preyed upon by that of the <i>Horiadæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1497_1497" id="FNanchor_1497_1497"></a><a href="#Footnote_1497_1497" class="fnanchor">[1497]</a> +whose larvæ are preyed upon by that of the <i>Horiadæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1497_1497" id="FNanchor_1497_1497"></a><a href="#Footnote_1497_1497" class="fnanchor">[1497]</a> under <i>two</i> forms, which extend from the tropics -to about 50° N. L. Others are not common to both +to about 50° N. L. Others are not common to both worlds. Thus, while <i>Cantharis</i> is the gift of <span class="smcap">Providence</span> to America as well as the old world, <i>Mylabris</i> is confined<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_504" id="Page_504">[Pg 504]</a></span> to the <i>latter</i>, where its range is very extensive;—in @@ -25580,7 +25539,7 @@ Asia, from Siberia to India; and in Africa, from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Cape of Good Hope; which last continent, to judge from our present lists, especially the vicinity of the Cape, may be called the metropolis -of the group<a name="FNanchor_1498_1498" id="FNanchor_1498_1498"></a><a href="#Footnote_1498_1498" class="fnanchor">[1498]</a>. On the other hand, the <i>Rutelidæ</i> +of the group<a name="FNanchor_1498_1498" id="FNanchor_1498_1498"></a><a href="#Footnote_1498_1498" class="fnanchor">[1498]</a>. On the other hand, the <i>Rutelidæ</i> and <i>Chlamys</i>, which have a range from Canada to the tropics, (within which is their metropolis,) are purely <i>American</i> groups. Many more might be named under @@ -25590,11 +25549,11 @@ this head, but these will suffice for examples. <p> 3. I call those <i>subdominant</i> groups, which either never enter the tropics, or those tropical ones whose range -does not exceed 50° of N. L. in the old world, or -43° in the new. I make this difference because, as +does not exceed 50° of N. L. in the old world, or +43° in the new. I make this difference because, as M. Latreille observes, the southern insects which in -Europe begin between 48° and 49° N. L., in America do -not reach 43°.<a name="FNanchor_1499_1499" id="FNanchor_1499_1499"></a><a href="#Footnote_1499_1499" class="fnanchor">[1499]</a> But though the winters in Canada, +Europe begin between 48° and 49° N. L., in America do +not reach 43°.<a name="FNanchor_1499_1499" id="FNanchor_1499_1499"></a><a href="#Footnote_1499_1499" class="fnanchor">[1499]</a> But though the winters in Canada, within the same parallel as France, are longer and more severe than those even of Great Britain or of Germany, yet the summers are intensely hot; so that though tropical @@ -25605,7 +25564,7 @@ Europe. </p> <p> -The genus <i>Melöe</i> affords an instance of a subdominant +The genus <i>Melöe</i> affords an instance of a subdominant group of the first description. It ranges from Sweden to Spain and the shores of the Mediterranean, and seems a tribe almost confined to Europe, where it is not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[Pg 505]</a></span> @@ -25614,20 +25573,20 @@ possesses the largest proportion; but Mr. W. S. MacLeay is of opinion that Spain is its true metropolis<a name="FNanchor_1501_1501" id="FNanchor_1501_1501"></a><a href="#Footnote_1501_1501" class="fnanchor">[1501]</a>. I have a species of this genus, taken in North America by Professor Peck. The splendid genus <i>Carabus</i> ranges still -further north than <i>Melöe</i><a name="FNanchor_1502_1502" id="FNanchor_1502_1502"></a><a href="#Footnote_1502_1502" class="fnanchor">[1502]</a>. A very fine species (<i>C. cribellatus</i>) +further north than <i>Melöe</i><a name="FNanchor_1502_1502" id="FNanchor_1502_1502"></a><a href="#Footnote_1502_1502" class="fnanchor">[1502]</a>. A very fine species (<i>C. cribellatus</i>) inhabits the polar regions of Siberia<a name="FNanchor_1503_1503" id="FNanchor_1503_1503"></a><a href="#Footnote_1503_1503" class="fnanchor">[1503]</a>; but the metropolis of the group appears to be the temperate zone: some, however, have been found in northern Africa; and Sir Joseph Banks captured one in Terra del Fuego. Of those whose range is between the tropics -and 50° N. L. we may begin with <i>Cicada</i>. One species, +and 50° N. L. we may begin with <i>Cicada</i>. One species, indeed, has been found by Mr. Bydder and others, a little higher, near the New Forest, Hampshire. We may take <i>Scolia</i> for an example of a subdominant group beginning more southward. Its species first appear -about 43° N. L., and abound in warm climates. In +about 43° N. L., and abound in warm climates. In general most of those insects which M. Latreille denominates -<i>meridional</i>,—such as <i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Onitis</i>, <i>Brentus</i>, +<i>meridional</i>,—such as <i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Onitis</i>, <i>Brentus</i>, <i>Scarites</i>, <i>Mantis</i>, <i>Fulgora</i>, <i>Termes</i>, <i>Scorpio</i>, &c.—come under the present head, and in fact all tropical forms that wander to any distance within the above limits from @@ -25737,12 +25696,12 @@ each other. Here we may observe, that some insects represent each other only in their <i>form</i>; others also in their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[Pg 509]</a></span> <i>function</i>; and others in <i>both</i>. I shall give some instances of each. In Brazil there is a group of petalocerous -beetles (<i>Chasmodia</i>), one of the <i>Rutelidæ</i>, which in New +beetles (<i>Chasmodia</i>), one of the <i>Rutelidæ</i>, which in New Holland has a representative, as to <i>form</i>, in one of the -<i>Cetoniadæ</i> (<i>Schizorhina</i><a name="FNanchor_1514_1514" id="FNanchor_1514_1514"></a><a href="#Footnote_1514_1514" class="fnanchor">[1514]</a>), which, having soft mandibles, +<i>Cetoniadæ</i> (<i>Schizorhina</i><a name="FNanchor_1514_1514" id="FNanchor_1514_1514"></a><a href="#Footnote_1514_1514" class="fnanchor">[1514]</a>), which, having soft mandibles, must have a different function:—it is to be observed, however, that these insects appear to approach each other -in the series of affinities. Again, the <i>Carabidæ</i> may in +in the series of affinities. Again, the <i>Carabidæ</i> may in the same country be said to have a representative in the remarkable heteromerous genus <i>Adelium</i><a name="FNanchor_1515_1515" id="FNanchor_1515_1515"></a><a href="#Footnote_1515_1515" class="fnanchor">[1515]</a>, which is altogether an analogy. Others are representative only in @@ -25757,19 +25716,19 @@ ones, more powerfully talented, replace the old ones, and act in their stead: thus we see a gradual and interesting change take place in proportion as we approach the maximum of heat and of insect population. At the Cape, -the <i>universal Cicindelæ</i> are aided by <i>Manticora</i>; in North -America, the <i>Silphidæ</i> by a new group, the type of which +the <i>universal Cicindelæ</i> are aided by <i>Manticora</i>; in North +America, the <i>Silphidæ</i> by a new group, the type of which is <i>Silpha Americana</i> (<i>Necrophila</i>, K.MS.); in South -America, <i>Copris</i> by <i>Phanæus</i>. Again: <i>Colliuris</i> and +America, <i>Copris</i> by <i>Phanæus</i>. Again: <i>Colliuris</i> and <i>Drypta</i> of the <i>old</i> world, in the <i>new</i> give place to <i>Ctenostoma</i> and <i>Agra</i>. The honey and wax of Europe, Asia, and Africa, is prepared by <i>bees</i> congenerous with our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[Pg 510]</a></span> common hive-bee (<i>Apis</i>); while in America this genus is not found as a native, but is replaced by <i>Melipona</i> and <i>Trigona</i><a name="FNanchor_1516_1516" id="FNanchor_1516_1516"></a><a href="#Footnote_1516_1516" class="fnanchor">[1516]</a>; and in New Holland by a still different but -undescribed type. The <i>Melolonthidæ</i> and <i>Rutelidæ</i> of +undescribed type. The <i>Melolonthidæ</i> and <i>Rutelidæ</i> of the old and new world appear to have their work done -in that country by the brilliant and numerous <i>Anoplognathidæ</i>. +in that country by the brilliant and numerous <i>Anoplognathidæ</i>. The <i>Rhipicera</i> of Brazil is of a different type from that of New Holland. The singular genus <i>Cremastocheilus</i> of North America has its representative in @@ -25831,7 +25790,7 @@ the atmosphere indisposes you for motion, you will find it no unprofitable or unpleasant employment, lying on the grass, to search for minute beetles, which you will there find coursing about amongst the tufts and roots of -the herbage. Thus you may procure many of the <i>Pselaphidæ</i>, +the herbage. Thus you may procure many of the <i>Pselaphidæ</i>, which you would not otherwise meet with. Even<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[Pg 512]</a></span> when the grass is grown up, insects are fond of alighting upon its spikes, and thence drop or run to the ground. @@ -25857,19 +25816,19 @@ equipped you may readily secure him. <p> The <i>waters</i> you will find nearly as prolific in insects as the land. In them, amongst the beetles, you may expect -to meet with <i>Dytiscus</i>, <i>Haliplus</i>, <i>Pælobius</i>, <i>Hyphydrus</i>, -<i>Hydroporus</i>, <i>Noterus</i>, <i>Colymbetes</i>, and other <i>Dytiscidæ</i>; -the <i>Gyrini</i>, <i>Hydrophili</i>, <i>Hydrænæ</i>, <i>Elophori</i>, &c.: under +to meet with <i>Dytiscus</i>, <i>Haliplus</i>, <i>Pælobius</i>, <i>Hyphydrus</i>, +<i>Hydroporus</i>, <i>Noterus</i>, <i>Colymbetes</i>, and other <i>Dytiscidæ</i>; +the <i>Gyrini</i>, <i>Hydrophili</i>, <i>Hydrænæ</i>, <i>Elophori</i>, &c.: under stones, the <i>Elmis</i>; and in the mud, the <i>Parni</i> and <i>Heteroceri</i>. -Some <i>Sphæridiadæ</i> are also aquatic: I have -taken more than once <i>Cercyon hæmorrhoidale</i> from the +Some <i>Sphæridiadæ</i> are also aquatic: I have +taken more than once <i>Cercyon hæmorrhoidale</i> from the under side of a piece of wood immersed in a canal<a name="FNanchor_1520_1520" id="FNanchor_1520_1520"></a><a href="#Footnote_1520_1520" class="fnanchor">[1520]</a>. Even a few of the weevil tribes are to be met with in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[Pg 513]</a></span> -water. <i>Lixus paraplecticus</i>, <i>Tanysphyrus Lemnæ</i>, <i>Bagous +water. <i>Lixus paraplecticus</i>, <i>Tanysphyrus Lemnæ</i>, <i>Bagous atrirostris</i>, are of this description. A species of <i>Ceutorhynchus</i> of Germar's <i>third</i> family (<i>C. Natator</i> K.) <i>swims</i> well. On aquatic plants you must look for <i>Helodes</i> -and the splendid <i>Donaciæ</i>, which, living on submerged +and the splendid <i>Donaciæ</i>, which, living on submerged shoots and roots of these plants in their larva state, continue to attend them when perfect. Amongst the <i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i><a name="FNanchor_1521_1521" id="FNanchor_1521_1521"></a><a href="#Footnote_1521_1521" class="fnanchor">[1521]</a>,—<i>Elaphrus</i>, <i>Notiophilus</i>, and <i>Bembidium</i> @@ -25880,8 +25839,8 @@ enough to find <i>Omophron limbatum</i>, which connects the <i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i> with the <i>Eunech</i>in<i>a</i>, you will make a valuable addition to the list of British insects. In the waters also you will meet with many Heteropterous <i>Hemiptera</i>; -as <i>Gerris</i>, <i>Hydrometra</i>, and <i>Velia</i>, and all the <i>Hydrocorisæ</i> -or water-bugs. On aquatic plants the larvæ of some <i>Lepidoptera</i> +as <i>Gerris</i>, <i>Hydrometra</i>, and <i>Velia</i>, and all the <i>Hydrocorisæ</i> +or water-bugs. On aquatic plants the larvæ of some <i>Lepidoptera</i> feed, as <i>Hydrocampa stratiotata</i>, <i>potamogata</i>, &c. Those also of the <i>Trichoptera</i> must be sought for in the water: and if you should feel inclined to see an @@ -25895,19 +25854,19 @@ of South America, or the <i>Zancudos</i>; that, with some exceptions, these pests do not frequent those rivers called by the natives <i>black waters</i>, but only those which they name <i>white waters</i><a name="FNanchor_1522_1522" id="FNanchor_1522_1522"></a><a href="#Footnote_1522_1522" class="fnanchor">[1522]</a>. Of the <i>Aptera</i>, the genera<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[Pg 514]</a></span> -<i>Hydrachna</i>, <i>Eylaïs</i> and <i>Limnochares</i> are purely aquatic. +<i>Hydrachna</i>, <i>Eylaïs</i> and <i>Limnochares</i> are purely aquatic. Several spiders will walk over the water; and one species (<i>Argyroneta aquatica</i>) inhabits it<a name="FNanchor_1523_1523" id="FNanchor_1523_1523"></a><a href="#Footnote_1523_1523" class="fnanchor">[1523]</a>. The <i>stagnant</i> waters in your vicinity will produce different species from <i>running</i> ones. Thus <i>Haliplus elevatus</i>, &c. inhabits only the -<i>latter</i>, while the majority of the <i>Dytiscidæ</i> abound most +<i>latter</i>, while the majority of the <i>Dytiscidæ</i> abound most in the <i>former</i>: the more minute ones may be sought for with success amongst the duckweed that covers a pool. I do not recollect finding any insect in waters absolutely <i>salt</i><a name="FNanchor_1524_1524" id="FNanchor_1524_1524"></a><a href="#Footnote_1524_1524" class="fnanchor">[1524]</a>; but <i>brackish</i> waters produce peculiar species: in -these only, <i>Hydræna marina</i> occurs; and many of those -large-eyed <i>Cimicidæ</i> (<i>Acanthia</i>), as <i>A. saltatoria</i>, <i>littoralis</i>, -and <i>Zosteræ</i> occur in places where salt water has been. +these only, <i>Hydræna marina</i> occurs; and many of those +large-eyed <i>Cimicidæ</i> (<i>Acanthia</i>), as <i>A. saltatoria</i>, <i>littoralis</i>, +and <i>Zosteræ</i> occur in places where salt water has been. Latreille observes, that the genus <i>Pimelia</i> is to be met with only where the soil is impregnated with saline particles, or where the species of the genus <i>Salsola</i> abound<a name="FNanchor_1525_1525" id="FNanchor_1525_1525"></a><a href="#Footnote_1525_1525" class="fnanchor">[1525]</a>. @@ -25920,7 +25879,7 @@ and <i>arvensis</i>, frequent them, and are not elsewhere to be seen. <i>Curculio nebulosus</i> is also to be found on them, in places where the turf has been peeled; and some scarce <i>Lepidoptera</i>. In their vicinity, in sunny sandy banks, -some of the rarer <i>Ammophilæ</i> and <i>Pompili</i> may be taken; +some of the rarer <i>Ammophilæ</i> and <i>Pompili</i> may be taken; and it is here only that I have ever met with <i>Panurgus</i><a name="FNanchor_1526_1526" id="FNanchor_1526_1526"></a><a href="#Footnote_1526_1526" class="fnanchor">[1526]</a>. <i>Meadows</i> and <i>pastures</i> are not to be neglected. Early in the year, when they are yellow with the blossoms of @@ -25928,10 +25887,10 @@ in the year, when they are yellow with the blossoms of minute beetles, and not a few <i>Hymenoptera</i> and <i>Diptera</i>, frequent them. <i>Morasses</i> also have their peculiar insects. In these you will meet with some of the scarcer <i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i>; -as <i>Chlænia holosericea</i> and <i>nigricornis</i>, <i>Blethisa +as <i>Chlænia holosericea</i> and <i>nigricornis</i>, <i>Blethisa multipunctata</i>, various <i>Bembidia</i>, &c. In this kind of district in the Isle of Ely <i>Aphodius plagiatus</i> has been taken, -and that scarce and beautiful butterfly <i>Lycæna Virgaureæ</i>. +and that scarce and beautiful butterfly <i>Lycæna Virgaureæ</i>. Where land is <i>cultivated</i> the Entomologist as well as the farmer may expect a <i>harvest</i>. Insects in general are fond of perching on the summit of a blade of @@ -25952,16 +25911,16 @@ With respect to <i>soils</i>, those that are <i>light</i> appear to be most prolific in insects. Warm <i>sandy</i> banks are frequented by <i>Cicindela campestris</i>, <i>Opatrum sabulosum</i>, <i>Helops quisquilius</i>, &c.: in them (when of a southern aspect) -<i>Ammophilæ</i>, <i>Pompili</i>, and numerous <i>Hymenoptera</i> nidificate. +<i>Ammophilæ</i>, <i>Pompili</i>, and numerous <i>Hymenoptera</i> nidificate. <i>Chalk</i> also attracts various insects. Latreille observes, that the <i>Licini</i>, <i>Papilio Cleopatra</i>, several species -of <i>Dasytes</i>, and some <i>Lamiæ</i>, delight in this kind of soil<a name="FNanchor_1529_1529" id="FNanchor_1529_1529"></a><a href="#Footnote_1529_1529" class="fnanchor">[1529]</a>:—in +of <i>Dasytes</i>, and some <i>Lamiæ</i>, delight in this kind of soil<a name="FNanchor_1529_1529" id="FNanchor_1529_1529"></a><a href="#Footnote_1529_1529" class="fnanchor">[1529]</a>:—in my own neighbourhood I have observed <i>Polyommatus Corydon</i> principally in chalk-pits. One of these<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[Pg 516]</a></span> pits, under a wood in an adjoining parish, has produced me several valuable insects. Here I took <i>Apion ebeninum</i>, -<i>Orobitis globosus</i>, a new species of <i>Evæsthetus</i>, several of -the rarer <i>Pselaphidæ</i> and <i>Cholevæ</i>, and <i>Chætophorus +<i>Orobitis globosus</i>, a new species of <i>Evæsthetus</i>, several of +the rarer <i>Pselaphidæ</i> and <i>Cholevæ</i>, and <i>Chætophorus cretifer</i> before noticed<a name="FNanchor_1530_1530" id="FNanchor_1530_1530"></a><a href="#Footnote_1530_1530" class="fnanchor">[1530]</a>. I do not mean, however, that all these are properly <i>chalk</i> insects; but they fall into these pits, where they are readily discerned, from the @@ -25972,19 +25931,19 @@ upwards. Of all soils <i>clay</i> offers the fewest inducements to the Entomologist, who will lose both his time and labour in a clay-pit; while in one of sand, chalk, or marl, they will usually not be mispent. <i>Vegetable earth</i> also -affords a harbour to various larvæ, and the pupæ of +affords a harbour to various larvæ, and the pupæ of many nightfliers amongst the <i>Lepidoptera</i>, by digging in it, especially under trees, may be obtained. Even the bare <i>rocks</i> have their insect frequenters that take shelter in their fissures; and in the early part of your career especially you should always turn over large stones, as -beneath them many of the <i>Harpalidæ</i> and other <i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i> +beneath them many of the <i>Harpalidæ</i> and other <i>Eutrech</i>in<i>a</i> frequently lie hid: and in this situation, both in Suffolk and Sussex, <i>Lomechusa emarginata</i>, one of our scarcest <i>Brachyptera</i>, has been taken. Old trees also, and planks that have laid long without being moved, often afford a shelter to many of the minute <i>Coleoptera</i>; -as <i>Pselaphidæ</i>, <i>Aleocharidæ</i>, <i>Cryptophagidæ</i>, <i>Scymnidæ</i>, +as <i>Pselaphidæ</i>, <i>Aleocharidæ</i>, <i>Cryptophagidæ</i>, <i>Scymnidæ</i>, &c. <i>Live</i> fences, especially when the hawthorn is in blossom, and where trees are also intermixed, are attended by innumerable insects of almost every description; @@ -25993,13 +25952,13 @@ our most splendid weevils (<i>Rhynchites Bacchus</i>). <i>Dead</i> fences are almost as fertile in insects as living ones. In <i>gates</i>, <i>posts</i>, <i>rails</i>, and other <i>timber</i> when felled, the timber-devouring tribes take their station:—between the -bark and the wood are the <i>Bostrichidæ</i>; in the wood -itself, the <i>Anobidæ</i> and the Capricorn beetles. Here +bark and the wood are the <i>Bostrichidæ</i>; in the wood +itself, the <i>Anobidæ</i> and the Capricorn beetles. Here also you may meet with many <i>Hymenoptera</i>, which -either devour timber or nidificate in it,—as the <i>Siricidæ</i>, +either devour timber or nidificate in it,—as the <i>Siricidæ</i>, <i>Chelostoma</i>, <i>Trypoxylon</i>, <i>Sapyga</i>, and several <i>Diptera</i>. In the decaying hedgestakes and sticks, where the -<i>Sphæria decorticans</i> has turned off the bark, you may +<i>Sphæria decorticans</i> has turned off the bark, you may meet with <i>Anthribus brevirostris</i>; with <i>A. latirostris</i>, and other beetles, in <i>S. fraxinea</i>; and <i>A. albinus</i>, which I have more than once captured as it was emerging from @@ -26008,10 +25967,10 @@ fungus. The grassy <i>balks</i> that separate open fields usually abound in umbelliferous plants, which are attended by numerous <i>Hymenoptera</i> and <i>Diptera</i>, particularly by the various species of the splendid tribe of -<i>Chrysidæ</i>: and the grassy banks of fences, where the +<i>Chrysidæ</i>: and the grassy banks of fences, where the aspect is sunny, are generally bored by a variety of insects of the former Order, to prepare a nest for their -young. <i>Andrenidæ</i> and <i>Nomadidæ</i> particularly select +young. <i>Andrenidæ</i> and <i>Nomadidæ</i> particularly select this situation, the latter probably depositing their eggs in the burrows of the former<a name="FNanchor_1531_1531" id="FNanchor_1531_1531"></a><a href="#Footnote_1531_1531" class="fnanchor">[1531]</a>. By watching these places in the spring, you may perhaps have the good fortune @@ -26021,7 +25980,7 @@ the hardest and most trodden pathways. Thus, some ants will build their subterranean apartments under<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[Pg 518]</a></span> gravel walks; and so do many species of the genus <i>Halictus</i><a name="FNanchor_1532_1532" id="FNanchor_1532_1532"></a><a href="#Footnote_1532_1532" class="fnanchor">[1532]</a>, the habits and economy of which have been -so ably detailed by M. Walckenaër<a name="FNanchor_1533_1533" id="FNanchor_1533_1533"></a><a href="#Footnote_1533_1533" class="fnanchor">[1533]</a>: <i>Cerceris</i> also, and +so ably detailed by M. Walckenaër<a name="FNanchor_1533_1533" id="FNanchor_1533_1533"></a><a href="#Footnote_1533_1533" class="fnanchor">[1533]</a>: <i>Cerceris</i> also, and other <i>Hymenoptera</i>, will choose such places, however public, for the site of their nests or burrows. The ground is so consolidated by the constant foot, that they, probably @@ -26034,7 +25993,7 @@ another. Though the <i>sea</i> itself, I believe, produces no true <i>insects</i>, yet there are many that constantly or occasionally haunt its shores. On the sand-hills of the Norfolk coast -I found <i>Ægialia globosa</i> and <i>Cicindela hybrida</i>. <i>Ceutorhynchus +I found <i>Ægialia globosa</i> and <i>Cicindela hybrida</i>. <i>Ceutorhynchus horridus</i> inhabits thistles that grow near the sea. Under the <i>Zostera</i> and <i>Fuci</i>, (cast up both on its beach and the shores of estuaries,) many peculiar species of @@ -26089,7 +26048,7 @@ different species of <i>Campanula</i> various bees may be captured enjoying a luxurious repose<a name="FNanchor_1538_1538" id="FNanchor_1538_1538"></a><a href="#Footnote_1538_1538" class="fnanchor">[1538]</a>. No vegetable productions abound more in insect inhabitants than the <i>Fungi</i>. In Agarics several <i>Diptera</i> are to be taken, many -<i>Aleocharæ</i>, <i>Oxypori</i>, &c.; in Boleti, the various species of +<i>Aleocharæ</i>, <i>Oxypori</i>, &c.; in Boleti, the various species of <i>Mycetophagus</i>; in the arboreous ones, and under bark, more than one kind of <i>Ips</i>; and in <i>Auricularia</i>, as well as <i>Boletus</i>, the whole genus <i>Cis</i>. Upon <i>living</i> Vertebrate @@ -26097,12 +26056,12 @@ animals you must look for <i>Pulices</i>, <i>Pediculi</i>, <i>Nirmi</i>, <i>Acar and many <i>Diptera</i>, as <i>Œstrus</i>, <i>Tabanus</i>, <i>Stomoxys</i>, and the <i>Pupipara</i> of Latreille; and on the garden-snails for that curious genus <i>Drilus</i>, and some <i>Acari</i><a name="FNanchor_1539_1539" id="FNanchor_1539_1539"></a><a href="#Footnote_1539_1539" class="fnanchor">[1539]</a>. The -caterpillars and pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, &c. will, as you +caterpillars and pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, &c. will, as you have heard, furnish you with numerous ichneumons<a name="FNanchor_1540_1540" id="FNanchor_1540_1540"></a><a href="#Footnote_1540_1540" class="fnanchor">[1540]</a>. -On <i>dead</i> animals you will find the various species of <i>Silphidæ</i>, -<i>Nitidulidæ</i>, <i>Dermestidæ</i>, <i>Byrrhidæ</i>, <i>Chlolevidæ</i>, -<i>Staphilinidæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c.; and in excrement, various -<i>Scarabæidæ</i>, <i>Histeridæ</i>, <i>Aphodiadæ</i>, <i>Sphæridiadæ</i>, the +On <i>dead</i> animals you will find the various species of <i>Silphidæ</i>, +<i>Nitidulidæ</i>, <i>Dermestidæ</i>, <i>Byrrhidæ</i>, <i>Chlolevidæ</i>, +<i>Staphilinidæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i>, &c.; and in excrement, various +<i>Scarabæidæ</i>, <i>Histeridæ</i>, <i>Aphodiadæ</i>, <i>Sphæridiadæ</i>, the <i>Brachyptera</i> in general, and several <i>Diptera</i><a name="FNanchor_1541_1541" id="FNanchor_1541_1541"></a><a href="#Footnote_1541_1541" class="fnanchor">[1541]</a>. In putrescent roots and fruits, as the turnip, the cucumber, &c., you may also occasionally meet with rare <i>Coleoptera</i>. @@ -26150,12 +26109,12 @@ You will scarcely ever fail to find, if the weather is genial, <i>Hymenopterous</i> and <i>Dipterous</i> insects of various genera,—especially such as have a <i>short</i> tongue,—engaged<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[Pg 522]</a></span> in collecting the honey from those plants. Here you -may take some of the rarer <i>Chrysidæ</i>, <i>Crabronidæ</i>, <i>Cercerides</i>, +may take some of the rarer <i>Chrysidæ</i>, <i>Crabronidæ</i>, <i>Cercerides</i>, &c., and occasionally even <i>Coleoptera</i>. The <i>last</i> insect-season may be dated from the general flowering of the <i>thistle</i> tribe. When these are in blossom is the best time of all to collect the <i>humble-bees</i> (<i>Bombus</i><a name="FNanchor_1542_1542" id="FNanchor_1542_1542"></a><a href="#Footnote_1542_1542" class="fnanchor">[1542]</a>), the -leaf-cutter bees (<i>Megachile</i><a name="FNanchor_1543_1543" id="FNanchor_1543_1543"></a><a href="#Footnote_1543_1543" class="fnanchor">[1543]</a>), and many other <i>Apiariæ</i>, +leaf-cutter bees (<i>Megachile</i><a name="FNanchor_1543_1543" id="FNanchor_1543_1543"></a><a href="#Footnote_1543_1543" class="fnanchor">[1543]</a>), and many other <i>Apiariæ</i>, which alone by their long tongues can imbibe the honey and collect the pollen of these flowers. The male humble-bees frequent them to the last, and often seem as if @@ -26184,7 +26143,7 @@ they will be sometimes sooner and sometimes later, sometimes longer and sometimes shorter. Though I have not named a <i>brumal</i> season, because insects are in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[Pg 523]</a></span> winter usually torpid,—yet some, as <i>Diurnea Novembris</i>, -<i>Cheimatobia brumata</i>, and many <i>Tipulariæ</i>, even then +<i>Cheimatobia brumata</i>, and many <i>Tipulariæ</i>, even then make their appearance. </p> @@ -26206,7 +26165,7 @@ which in the autumn fills every horse-dropping. <p> Some insects are so ephemeral, that they are to be found in numbers only for a few days, and then disappear -for that season. Of this description are the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, +for that season. Of this description are the <i>Ephemeræ</i>, much of whose history has been detailed to you. Those of which De Geer has given an account (<i>E. vulgata</i>) appeared about the end of May or the beginning @@ -26233,9 +26192,9 @@ were then migrating<a name="FNanchor_1548_1548" id="FNanchor_1548_1548"></a><a h I may here observe, that the London amateurs have particular <i>seasons</i> for collecting <i>moths</i>. For the <i>imago</i> they go into the woods in <i>April</i>, <i>May</i>, <i>June</i>, and <i>October</i>. -For the <i>larvæ</i> they take the beginning of <i>April</i>, +For the <i>larvæ</i> they take the beginning of <i>April</i>, <i>June</i>, the beginning of <i>July</i>, and <i>September</i>. They dig -for <i>pupæ</i> late in <i>July</i>, and in <i>January</i> and <i>February</i>. +for <i>pupæ</i> late in <i>July</i>, and in <i>January</i> and <i>February</i>. </p> <hr class="tb" /> @@ -26247,7 +26206,7 @@ as far as it can be obtained, is of essential use to the industrious collector. Entomologists have divided the <i>Lepidoptera</i>, with a view to this circumstance, into <i>diurnal</i>, <i>crepuscular</i>, and <i>nocturnal</i>; or butterflies (<i>Papilio</i> L.), -hawkmoths (<i>Sphinx</i> L.), and moths (<i>Phalæna</i> L.). These +hawkmoths (<i>Sphinx</i> L.), and moths (<i>Phalæna</i> L.). These terms may be applied to insects in general. </p> @@ -26256,18 +26215,18 @@ i. <i>Diurnal</i> insects are abundant. <i>Butterflies</i> in particular fly generally at no other time: they accompany the sun in his course, and before he sets disappear. Some other <i>Lepidoptera</i>, though not so named, are <i>day</i> insects:—such -are the <i>Zygænidæ</i>, &c. amongst the hawkmoths;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[Pg 525]</a></span> -and amongst the moths, <i>Plusia Gamma</i>, the <i>Phytometræ +are the <i>Zygænidæ</i>, &c. amongst the hawkmoths;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[Pg 525]</a></span> +and amongst the moths, <i>Plusia Gamma</i>, the <i>Phytometræ solares</i> of Haworth<a name="FNanchor_1549_1549" id="FNanchor_1549_1549"></a><a href="#Footnote_1549_1549" class="fnanchor">[1549]</a>, and some others. Numberless <i>Coleoptera</i> -belong to this section. The <i>Donaciæ</i> fly only +belong to this section. The <i>Donaciæ</i> fly only when the sun is out and the air is warm; they are then -extremely agile and difficult to take. Some <i>Hopliæ</i> +extremely agile and difficult to take. Some <i>Hopliæ</i> swarm in the day before noon, and then disappear<a name="FNanchor_1550_1550" id="FNanchor_1550_1550"></a><a href="#Footnote_1550_1550" class="fnanchor">[1550]</a>: most of the <i>tetramerous</i> beetles also appear to be diurnal. The <i>Libellulina</i> and many other <i>Neuroptera</i> may also be so termed; and the <i>Hymenoptera</i> almost universally, -with the sole exception of the <i>Formicidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1551_1551" id="FNanchor_1551_1551"></a><a href="#Footnote_1551_1551" class="fnanchor">[1551]</a>. -Amongst the <i>Diptera</i>, if we leave out the <i>Tipulariæ</i>, the +with the sole exception of the <i>Formicidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1551_1551" id="FNanchor_1551_1551"></a><a href="#Footnote_1551_1551" class="fnanchor">[1551]</a>. +Amongst the <i>Diptera</i>, if we leave out the <i>Tipulariæ</i>, the rest will be found for the most part to belong to the present section. </p> @@ -26288,14 +26247,14 @@ never at any other: I am not however prepared to assert that it does not appear in the evening or night, but I have then never met with it. In the <i>evening</i> more particularly you hear the hum of the dung-beetle (<i>Geotrupes</i>), -which Linné thought the prognostic of a following +which Linné thought the prognostic of a following fine day; and of the swarms of <i>Melolontha vulgaris</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[Pg 526]</a></span> and <i>Amphimalla solstitialis</i>. Then also many other <i>Coleoptera</i> are in the air; especially before a thunderstorm, a state of the atmosphere that particularly excites insects<a name="FNanchor_1552_1552" id="FNanchor_1552_1552"></a><a href="#Footnote_1552_1552" class="fnanchor">[1552]</a>: <i>Ptinus imperialis</i> and <i>germanus</i> I have never taken except under these circumstances. Then the -<i>Ephemeræ</i> sport in the air, and lead their mystic dance. +<i>Ephemeræ</i> sport in the air, and lead their mystic dance. The majority of the hawkmoths are then too on the wing, with their long tongues imbibing the nectar of the flowers while they hover over them, both <i>morning</i> @@ -26305,12 +26264,12 @@ and <i>evening</i>. <p> iii. In the <i>night</i> the main body of the <i>moths</i> take their flight, as well as a vast number of <i>Coleoptera</i> and insects -of other orders. At this time the <i>Blattæ</i> and +of other orders. At this time the <i>Blattæ</i> and crickets leave their hiding-places and run about: but the other <i>Grylli</i> L., though they sing in the night, fly only in the day. Then also the <i>Carabi</i>, like beasts of prey, leave their dark retreats,—in this differing from -the <i>Cicindelæ</i>, which are diurnal,—and prowl about to +the <i>Cicindelæ</i>, which are diurnal,—and prowl about to entrap other unwary insects. Then, likewise, the female glowworm hangs out her lamp of love, and the male, led by it, wings his way to her: and then the water-beetles @@ -26326,7 +26285,7 @@ of these stations were pointed out in a former part of this letter where I detailed their usual <i>haunts</i>. I may here add, that numbers of them, when reposing, conceal themselves from their enemies on the under side of the leaves<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[Pg 527]</a></span> -of trees and plants. Moths, especially the <i>Noctuidæ</i>, +of trees and plants. Moths, especially the <i>Noctuidæ</i>, may often be met with in woods, as before observed<a name="FNanchor_1553_1553" id="FNanchor_1553_1553"></a><a href="#Footnote_1553_1553" class="fnanchor">[1553]</a>, on the <i>north</i> side of the trunks of trees. Mr. Marsham related to me, that once a little before sunset, observing @@ -26390,10 +26349,10 @@ forming a curve towards the extremity, terminating in a lozenge-shaped point, and strongly fixed in a wooden handle<a name="FNanchor_1554_1554" id="FNanchor_1554_1554"></a><a href="#Footnote_1554_1554" class="fnanchor">[1554]</a>. With this you may not only explore the interior of timber-trees, but grub up the turf under them, -and examine the earth for the pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>. +and examine the earth for the pupæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>. When your object is merely this <i>latter</i> purpose, a potato-fork—which is better than a spade, as it will seldom -injure the pupæ—will be your best implement. +injure the pupæ—will be your best implement. </p> <p> @@ -26595,9 +26554,9 @@ the duck-weed (<i>Lemna</i>) on their surface, or the mud at the bottom; and when you examine its contents, you will often find valuable captures. I have thus sometimes got rich booty in the most unlikely places;—such as -<i>Hydræna longipalpis</i>, and an allied nondescript species, -&c.; and by fishing amongst <i>Zanichellia palustris</i>, <i>Hæmonia -Zosteræ</i>. If at any time you do not happen to +<i>Hydræna longipalpis</i>, and an allied nondescript species, +&c.; and by fishing amongst <i>Zanichellia palustris</i>, <i>Hæmonia +Zosteræ</i>. If at any time you do not happen to have your water-net with you, with a common rake you may take the duck-weed from the surface of a pool, and upon examination you will often detect amongst it many @@ -26625,7 +26584,7 @@ known allure several scarce insects: a lady's white dress is equally attractive. An old mattress, laid at night upon a grass-plat, if suddenly reversed in the morning, will supply the Entomologist occasionally with good <i>Coleoptera</i>. -No better trap for the <i>Silphidæ</i>, <i>Dermestidæ</i>, +No better trap for the <i>Silphidæ</i>, <i>Dermestidæ</i>, &c., than a piece of carrion, a frog, or mole, &c. The numerous insects that inhabit excrement of every kind, especially that of the cow and the horse, may be best @@ -26793,7 +26752,7 @@ not be necessary to enter here into that subject. <p> I have before recommended to you the use of <i>spirits</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541" id="Page_541">[Pg 541]</a></span> <i>of wine</i>, and shall here repeat my recommendation; for -after several years trial, I am of Böhm's opinion, who +after several years trial, I am of Böhm's opinion, who had tried it nine years<a name="FNanchor_1565_1565" id="FNanchor_1565_1565"></a><a href="#Footnote_1565_1565" class="fnanchor">[1565]</a>, that it is superior to any other method; particularly, because it not only effectually kills the insects, and they may be put together into it while @@ -26850,7 +26809,7 @@ your insect within a narrow space; bring its wings into an erect position, and prevent its fluttering: which being done, with your finger and thumb give its breast a strong pinch below the wings; and then unfolding your -net, and taking it up by one of its antennæ, place it +net, and taking it up by one of its antennæ, place it between the finger and thumb of your left hand, stick a pin through it, and deposit it in your pocket-box. </p> @@ -26859,7 +26818,7 @@ pin through it, and deposit it in your pocket-box. But though nipping the breast will kill many small <i>Lepidoptera</i>, the larger ones will live long after it; as will likewise many <i>Neuroptera</i>, <i>Hymenoptera</i>, and <i>Diptera</i>: -and besides this, in some <i>Bombycidæ</i> the thorax presents +and besides this, in some <i>Bombycidæ</i> the thorax presents a very conspicuous and interesting character, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[Pg 543]</a></span> renders it desirable, in order to avoid the damage or derangement occasioned by pressure, to transfix them without @@ -26949,7 +26908,7 @@ little glue mixed with it, will answer your purpose very well: it should be thinly spread on the card with a camel's-hair pencil, and then the insect placed upon it. With the same implement, if it has not been killed too -long, before the gum is dry you may expand its antennæ, +long, before the gum is dry you may expand its antennæ, palpi, legs, and wings, &c. If you want to remove a specimen gummed on a card for any purpose, it is easily effected by plunging it into hot water. @@ -26971,7 +26930,7 @@ quite stiff. If attempted soon after they are killed, the parts, unless you keep them in the intended position by means of pins or braces, will not retain it; and if after they are become too stiff, they are liable to be broken. -Not only should the antennæ and palpi be extended so +Not only should the antennæ and palpi be extended so as to be readily seen; but the legs, and often the wings, ought to be placed in their natural position; all of which tends much to the beauty of your specimens, and adapts @@ -26980,7 +26939,7 @@ requires time, and beauty and regularity may be purchased too dear if at the price of hours called for by science, you may be left to your own discretion in this business, only you should always with a pin expand the -antennæ and palpi if possible. You might, however, +antennæ and palpi if possible. You might, however, both save your time and have your insects neatly set, if you would take the trouble to instruct some acute and handy youth in your neighbourhood in the <i>modus operandi</i>, @@ -27036,7 +26995,7 @@ sufficient for each pair of wings<a name="FNanchor_1572_1572" id="FNanchor_1572_ card be not sufficiently stiff, you may confine it by a pin near the point. You must be careful in expanding the wings that each is brought equally forward. Lastly, -give the antennæ their proper position, and if necessary +give the antennæ their proper position, and if necessary confine them with braces; and leave your specimen in an airy situation to dry and stiffen. In a few days the braces may be removed, and the specimen transferred to @@ -27112,7 +27071,7 @@ usually spared this labour. There are some few insects, however, in which a process in some degree analogous is requisite, if the beauty of the specimens be a consideration. Thus the abdomen of <i>dragon-flies</i> is very apt to -lose its colour, and that of the <i>Meloës</i> to shrink up, if +lose its colour, and that of the <i>Meloës</i> to shrink up, if left in their natural state: these therefore should be eviscerated; which may be done by slitting the abdomen longitudinally on the <i>under</i> side, then carefully removing @@ -27120,7 +27079,7 @@ its contents, and stuffing it with cotton. In the former, a small straw or stalk of hay may be used, which will prevent the fractures to which that part, when dry, is so liable. <i>Spiders</i>, and a few <i>apterous</i> genera, as well as almost -all <i>larvæ</i>, as they usually shrink up, in drying, into a +all <i>larvæ</i>, as they usually shrink up, in drying, into a shapeless mass, destitute of every character dependent on colour or form, require to be preserved in a different manner. They may all be very well kept in rectified spirits of @@ -27166,15 +27125,15 @@ of any country may be captured in their <i>perfect</i> state by the active Entomologist, yet there is no small number of them that probably he may never meet with in that state, and to secure which he must have recourse -to other methods. He can procure <i>pupæ</i> by digging for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[Pg 552]</a></span> +to other methods. He can procure <i>pupæ</i> by digging for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[Pg 552]</a></span> them in woods, under trees, &c., as above directed<a name="FNanchor_1576_1576" id="FNanchor_1576_1576"></a><a href="#Footnote_1576_1576" class="fnanchor">[1576]</a>, keeping them in some of their native earth till they are -disclosed; or he must collect <i>larvæ</i>, and <i>breed</i> them; for +disclosed; or he must collect <i>larvæ</i>, and <i>breed</i> them; for which I shall now give you some instructions.—The insects we are particularly concerned with under this head are the caterpillars of <i>Lepidoptera</i> and of the saw-flies (<i>Serrifera</i>). If, however, in our entomological rambles -we discover the larvæ of insects of <i>other</i> Orders +we discover the larvæ of insects of <i>other</i> Orders upon their appropriate food, we may often attempt to breed them with success: but as you will seldom thus get species that you will not also meet with in their @@ -27193,7 +27152,7 @@ branches of any tree, place it as near them as you can, upon four or more sticks fastened in the ground, so as to leave the upper surface concave, and it will receive the falling caterpillars when you beat. If you aim at -the pseudo-caterpillars of the <i>Cimbicidæ</i>, you must turn +the pseudo-caterpillars of the <i>Cimbicidæ</i>, you must turn your attention principally to the different species of sallows and willows (<i>Salix</i>). Your spoils you will put into boxes with their food, as above directed, to bring them @@ -27215,7 +27174,7 @@ water plunged in it to receive the insects' food. This may be moved, when you wish to change the water, without disturbing the earth, which should be kept somewhat moist. The earth is for those caterpillars whose -pupæ are subterranean. But as you will probably wish +pupæ are subterranean. But as you will probably wish to proceed scientifically, and ascertain precisely the moth that comes from each caterpillar, I should strongly recommend to you a box invented by Mr. Stephens, which @@ -27230,14 +27189,14 @@ containing water, in which the food is kept fresh; and is half-filled with a mixture of fine earth and the dust from the inside of rotten trees; the latter article being added for the purpose of rendering the former less binding upon -the pupæ, as well as being highly important for the use -of such larvæ as construct their cocoons of rotten wood. +the pupæ, as well as being highly important for the use +of such larvæ as construct their cocoons of rotten wood. The chief advantages of a breeding cage of the above<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_554" id="Page_554">[Pg 554]</a></span> construction are, the occupation of less room than five separate cages, and a diminution of expense; both important considerations when any person is engaged extensively in rearing insects. Whatever be the construction -of the box, it is highly necessary that the larvæ be +of the box, it is highly necessary that the larvæ be constantly supplied with fresh food, and that the earth at the bottom should be kept damp. To accomplish the latter object, I keep a thick layer of moss upon the surface, @@ -27246,7 +27205,7 @@ during hot weather, and once a fortnight or three weeks in winter), and saturate completely with water, and return it to its place: this keeps up a sufficient supply of moisture, without allowing the earth to become too wet, which is -equally injurious to the pupæ with too much aridity. By +equally injurious to the pupæ with too much aridity. By numbering the cells, and keeping a register corresponding with the numbers, the history of any particular larva or brood may be traced." @@ -27268,26 +27227,26 @@ unnatural or like nits, they may be extracted, Mr. Haworth assures us<a name="FNanchor_1578_1578" id="FNanchor_1578_1578"></a><a href="#Footnote_1578_1578" class="fnanchor">[1578]</a>, by a pair of small pliers; and if the operation is adroitly performed, the caterpillar will recover<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_555" id="Page_555">[Pg 555]</a></span> and do well. You will often meet Lepidopterous -larvæ travelling over roads and pathways: at such times +larvæ travelling over roads and pathways: at such times they have usually done feeding, and are seeking a spot in which they may assume the pupa with safety. These you may place in one of your cells, and they will select a station for themselves. You must be careful frequently -to examine the boxes in which you have pupæ, that you +to examine the boxes in which you have pupæ, that you may take the imago as soon as it appears, and before it has had time to injure itself in attempting to escape. I mentioned to you on a former occasion Reaumur's experiments to accelerate the appearance of the butterfly<a name="FNanchor_1579_1579" id="FNanchor_1579_1579"></a><a href="#Footnote_1579_1579" class="fnanchor">[1579]</a>;—there is another still more remarkable, to which he had -recourse for this purpose: it was by hatching his pupæ +recourse for this purpose: it was by hatching his pupæ under a <i>hen</i>!! You will wonder, perhaps, how this could be effected, and be disposed to maintain that the -pupæ must be crushed by the weight of the brooding +pupæ must be crushed by the weight of the brooding animal. How did the ingenious and illustrious experimentalist prevent this? He prepared a hollow ball of glass, open at one end, about the shape and size of a turkey's egg. Having several chrysalises of the nettle-butterfly -(<i>Vanessa Urticæ</i>) suspended to a piece of paper, +(<i>Vanessa Urticæ</i>) suspended to a piece of paper, he cut out some of these singly, with a square portion of the paper attached to them, and covered with paste the side opposite to that from which the chrysalis was suspended: @@ -27309,7 +27268,7 @@ under the hen, and no vapour afterwards appeared. In about <i>four</i> days the first butterfly ever hatched under a hen made its appearance; it would probably have required <i>fourteen</i> under ordinary circumstances. He tried -the same experiment with some Dipterous pupæ; but the +the same experiment with some Dipterous pupæ; but the heat was too great for them, and they all perished<a name="FNanchor_1580_1580" id="FNanchor_1580_1580"></a><a href="#Footnote_1580_1580" class="fnanchor">[1580]</a>. </p> @@ -27329,7 +27288,7 @@ the specimen, would be a very distinct and sufficient indication of them. The drawers of your cabinets should be about 18 inches square, and from the glass to the corked bottom about an inch and a half in depth: but -the larger <i>Dynastidæ</i>, as <i>Megasoma Actæon</i>, &c., will require +the larger <i>Dynastidæ</i>, as <i>Megasoma Actæon</i>, &c., will require <i>two</i> inches. The frame of the glass should be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_557" id="Page_557">[Pg 557]</a></span> rabbeted underneath; and parallel with the sides of the drawer, but a little lower, there should be inner side-pieces @@ -27401,7 +27360,7 @@ each genus to leave space for new species. </p> <p> -As certain <i>Acarina</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, <i>Ptinidæ</i>, &c., prey upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_559" id="Page_559">[Pg 559]</a></span> +As certain <i>Acarina</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, <i>Ptinidæ</i>, &c., prey upon<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_559" id="Page_559">[Pg 559]</a></span> dead insects, you will of course wish to know how they may be kept out of your drawers, or banished when detected there. <i>Camphor</i> is the general remedy recommended. @@ -27477,7 +27436,7 @@ or to which of their respective Orders<a name="FNanchor_1583_1583" id="FNanchor_ qualified to arrange your collection into its <i>primary</i> groups. But you have seen that many <i>others</i> intervene between the Order and the genus or species. As the -<i>genera</i> of Linné are mostly primary groups of Orders, +<i>genera</i> of Linné are mostly primary groups of Orders, perhaps, setting aside such insects included in them by him as your eye and their apparent characters convince you have no claim to a place there, your next best @@ -27493,7 +27452,7 @@ practice and a closer examination will in time enable you to rectify. Having thus got your groups as near to nature as you can, you may now have recourse to those<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_562" id="Page_562">[Pg 562]</a></span> authors, particularly Fabricius and Latreille, who have -subdivided the genera of Linné; and you will see which +subdivided the genera of Linné; and you will see which of your groups agree with theirs, detect your own errors, and often theirs, and be enabled to label each of your genera and higher groups, if already known, with its @@ -27541,8 +27500,8 @@ by their <i>colour</i>; and it is the practice of all good describers to begin their definition of the species with that which predominates, and then to enumerate the variations from it. Thus, if an insect be all <i>black</i> except the -<i>thorax</i>, <i>antennæ</i>, and <i>legs</i>, you will find it thus characterized, -"<i>Black</i>: <i>with thorax, antennæ, and legs ferruginous</i>"; +<i>thorax</i>, <i>antennæ</i>, and <i>legs</i>, you will find it thus characterized, +"<i>Black</i>: <i>with thorax, antennæ, and legs ferruginous</i>"; and so on. Hence, having noticed the predominant colour of your unknown species, in many genera you may compare it with the descriptions contained in a @@ -27554,10 +27513,10 @@ Though I have instanced <i>colour</i> as being the character most commonly employed in describing species of insects, you will readily conceive that in some tribes other characters afford more prominent distinctions. Thus in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_564" id="Page_564">[Pg 564]</a></span> -the <i>Dynastidæ</i> and many other Petalocerous beetles, the +the <i>Dynastidæ</i> and many other Petalocerous beetles, the principal specific character is derived from the <i>horns</i> or <i>tubercles</i> that arm the head and thorax: in <i>Lucanus</i> -from the <i>mandibulæ</i>; and in <i>Prionus</i> from the marginal +from the <i>mandibulæ</i>; and in <i>Prionus</i> from the marginal <i>teeth</i> of the thorax. If the insect, then, you want to name belongs to any of these genera, having observed its peculiar characters in this respect, you may ascertain @@ -27590,10 +27549,10 @@ same general habit, you may commonly take it for granted that if described at all by your author, it will be placed near that already known to you. Thus, supposing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_565" id="Page_565">[Pg 565]</a></span> you are acquainted with that common weevil <i>Cionus -Scrophulariæ</i>, and find its near relation <i>C. Blattariæ</i>; +Scrophulariæ</i>, and find its near relation <i>C. Blattariæ</i>; instead of comparing it one by one with the 161 species which compose the <i>Longirostres femoribus dentatis</i> of the -Fabrician genus <i>Rhynchænus</i> in the <i>Systema Eleutheratorum</i>, +Fabrician genus <i>Rhynchænus</i> in the <i>Systema Eleutheratorum</i>, you would at once turn to the former, very near which you would without further trouble discover it. Fortunate, would it be, could the Entomologist always @@ -27641,7 +27600,7 @@ from which the description was drawn. British Entomologists possess an invaluable privilege, which their continental brethren may well envy them, in having the most liberal access, indulged to them by the learned -President of the Linnean Society, to Linné's collection +President of the Linnean Society, to Linné's collection of insects, from which a large proportion of the species he described may be ascertained<a name="FNanchor_1587_1587" id="FNanchor_1587_1587"></a><a href="#Footnote_1587_1587" class="fnanchor">[1587]</a>. Several of the cabinets, especially the Banksian,—now the property of the @@ -27677,15 +27636,15 @@ in <i>sculpture</i> and <i>proportion</i> do not always indicate different <i>species</i>; this being sometimes, as we have seen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_568" id="Page_568">[Pg 568]</a></span> above, only a <i>sexual</i> character<a name="FNanchor_1590_1590" id="FNanchor_1590_1590"></a><a href="#Footnote_1590_1590" class="fnanchor">[1590]</a>. Authors also in their descriptions, in this respect sometimes mislead the young -student. When Linné calls the <i>thorax</i> of <i>Aphodius erraticus</i> -smooth (<i>lævis</i>) he would not expect to find it covered +student. When Linné calls the <i>thorax</i> of <i>Aphodius erraticus</i> +smooth (<i>lævis</i>) he would not expect to find it covered with impressed puncta, and with a longitudinal -posterior impressed line. Likewise in describing <i>Chlænius +posterior impressed line. Likewise in describing <i>Chlænius vestitus</i> and <i>nigricornis</i>, Fabricius passes without notice their punctate surface, so different from that of other -<i>Harpalidæ</i>. Errors of this kind however, it is but fair +<i>Harpalidæ</i>. Errors of this kind however, it is but fair to observe, are chiefly to be attributed to the circumstance -that both Linné and Fabricius rarely employed +that both Linné and Fabricius rarely employed a <i>microscope</i> in making descriptions; though no one now attempts this, except where insects are large, without such an aid. @@ -27794,7 +27753,7 @@ in his <i>Historia Succinorum</i>, all belong to genera at this time found in Europe<a name="FNanchor_1593_1593" id="FNanchor_1593_1593"></a><a href="#Footnote_1593_1593" class="fnanchor">[1593]</a>. Insects of the following genera are recorded as having been found in this singular substance: <i>Platypus</i>, <i>Elater</i>, <i>Atractocerus</i>; <i>Gryllus</i>, <i>Mantis</i>; -larvæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>; <i>Trichoptera</i>; <i>Ephemera</i>, <i>Perla</i>, +larvæ of <i>Lepidoptera</i>; <i>Trichoptera</i>; <i>Ephemera</i>, <i>Perla</i>, <i>Termes</i>; <i>Formica</i>; <i>Tipula</i>, <i>Bibio</i>, <i>Empis</i>; <i>Scolopendra</i>; and various <i>Arachnida</i><a name="FNanchor_1594_1594" id="FNanchor_1594_1594"></a><a href="#Footnote_1594_1594" class="fnanchor">[1594]</a>. In a piece of amber in my collection I find <i>Evania</i>, <i>Formica</i>, <i>Chironomus</i>, and some @@ -27803,8 +27762,8 @@ collection I find <i>Evania</i>, <i>Formica</i>, <i>Chironomus</i>, and some <p> Fossil insects have also been found in other substances. -Parkinson figures larvæ of <i>Libellulina</i> found in limestone<a name="FNanchor_1595_1595" id="FNanchor_1595_1595"></a><a href="#Footnote_1595_1595" class="fnanchor">[1595]</a>; -some <i>Melolonthæ</i> in slate; a <i>Polistes</i> in schistus; +Parkinson figures larvæ of <i>Libellulina</i> found in limestone<a name="FNanchor_1595_1595" id="FNanchor_1595_1595"></a><a href="#Footnote_1595_1595" class="fnanchor">[1595]</a>; +some <i>Melolonthæ</i> in slate; a <i>Polistes</i> in schistus; <i>Carabi</i> and <i>Necrobia</i> in vegetable debris: but some of these rather belong to a comparatively modern formation<a name="FNanchor_1596_1596" id="FNanchor_1596_1596"></a><a href="#Footnote_1596_1596" class="fnanchor">[1596]</a>. </p> @@ -27911,29 +27870,29 @@ in the pious words of one of our most admired poets: <h3><i>DE GENITALIBUS ET GENERATIONE INSECTORUM.</i></h3> <p> -Inter tot et tanta <span class="smcap">Optimi Creatoris</span> miracula, quæ +Inter tot et tanta <span class="smcap">Optimi Creatoris</span> miracula, quæ <i>Regnum Animale</i> tantopere illustrant, vix ulla sunt majori admiratione digna, et Physiologi eruditi introspectione, quam -quæ ad generationem insectorum spectant. Quamvis enim -inter sexûs organa vertebratorum animalium et insectorum +quæ ad generationem insectorum spectant. Quamvis enim +inter sexûs organa vertebratorum animalium et insectorum analogia haud parva locum habet; numero tamen, figura et -proportione partium, miro modo sæpius differunt; et organa +proportione partium, miro modo sæpius differunt; et organa insuper plura in insectis reperiuntur quorum in vertebratis -exempla frustra quæsiveris. +exempla frustra quæsiveris. </p> <p> Hoc argumentum tractando duo sunt imprimis consideranda, -<i>genitalia</i> nempe ipsa utriusque sexûs, et <i>coitus</i>. +<i>genitalia</i> nempe ipsa utriusque sexûs, et <i>coitus</i>. </p> <p> I. De <i>genitalibus</i> in genere prima observatio erit, "quo minor horum, habita corporis ratione, moles, eo magis nervorum systema, et cephalicum imprimis ganglium, predominans fit; -eo major igitur intellectûs facultas (instincto naturali consociata) +eo major igitur intellectûs facultas (instincto naturali consociata) reperitur," ut in principibus, <i>Apibus</i> nempe, <i>Formica</i>, -&c.<a name="FNanchor_1599_1599" id="FNanchor_1599_1599"></a><a href="#Footnote_1599_1599" class="fnanchor">[1599]</a> In <i>Hymenopteris</i>, iterum, <i>Dipteris</i>, et <i>Neuropteris</i>, hæc +&c.<a name="FNanchor_1599_1599" id="FNanchor_1599_1599"></a><a href="#Footnote_1599_1599" class="fnanchor">[1599]</a> In <i>Hymenopteris</i>, iterum, <i>Dipteris</i>, et <i>Neuropteris</i>, hæc organa maxime retracta sunt; dum in <i>Lepidopteris</i>, <i>Coleopteris</i>, et <i>Orthopteris</i> (quorum insuper mascula et feminea insigniter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_576" id="Page_576">[Pg 576]</a></span> inter se congruunt<a name="FNanchor_1600_1600" id="FNanchor_1600_1600"></a><a href="#Footnote_1600_1600" class="fnanchor">[1600]</a>), magis exserta jacent<a name="FNanchor_1601_1601" id="FNanchor_1601_1601"></a><a href="#Footnote_1601_1601" class="fnanchor">[1601]</a>. Genitalia plerumque @@ -27941,10 +27900,10 @@ in extremitate postica abdominis sub <i>ano</i> sita sunt<a name="FNanchor_1602_ in <i>Arachnidis</i> et <i>Libellulinis</i> masculis in basi <i>ventris</i>, in <i>Phalangio</i> sub <i>ore</i>, et in <i>Chilognathis</i> in anteriore corporis parte subtus latitant<a name="FNanchor_1603_1603" id="FNanchor_1603_1603"></a><a href="#Footnote_1603_1603" class="fnanchor">[1603]</a>. Ubi organa duplicantur, ut <i>testes</i>, semper -symmetrica sunt. Non obliviscendum est quòd in diversis -generibus habitu externo persimili consociatis, imò in diversis +symmetrica sunt. Non obliviscendum est quòd in diversis +generibus habitu externo persimili consociatis, imò in diversis unius generis speciebus genitalia diversa interdum reperiuntur<a name="FNanchor_1604_1604" id="FNanchor_1604_1604"></a><a href="#Footnote_1604_1604" class="fnanchor">[1604]</a>: -sic in Lamellicornibus <i>stercorariis</i> (<i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Copris</i>, +sic in Lamellicornibus <i>stercorariis</i> (<i>Scarabæus</i>, <i>Copris</i>, &c.), testes tantummodo sunt <i>duo</i>; in <i>arboreis</i> (<i>Melolontha</i>, &c.) <i>duodecim</i>, et in <i>floralibus</i> (<i>Cetonia</i>, &c.) <i>viginti-quatuor</i>. </p> @@ -27954,7 +27913,7 @@ Genitalia sunt vel <i>mascula</i> vel <i>feminea</i>. </p> <p> -i. Genitalia <i>mascula</i>, sunt <i>penis</i>; <i>canalis excretorius</i>; <i>vesiculæ +i. Genitalia <i>mascula</i>, sunt <i>penis</i>; <i>canalis excretorius</i>; <i>vesiculæ seminales</i>; <i>vasa deferentia</i>; <i>testes</i>; <i>prehensores</i>; et <i>semen</i>. </p> @@ -27962,13 +27921,13 @@ seminales</i>; <i>vasa deferentia</i>; <i>testes</i>; <i>prehensores</i>; et <i> 1. <i>Penis</i><a name="FNanchor_1605_1605" id="FNanchor_1605_1605"></a><a href="#Footnote_1605_1605" class="fnanchor">[1605]</a> quoad <i>substantiam</i> plerumque membranaceus, at interdum corneus est, et intus cavernosus<a name="FNanchor_1606_1606" id="FNanchor_1606_1606"></a><a href="#Footnote_1606_1606" class="fnanchor">[1606]</a>; in <i>Coleopteris</i> apice vagina bivalvi vulvam aperiente instructus est<a name="FNanchor_1607_1607" id="FNanchor_1607_1607"></a><a href="#Footnote_1607_1607" class="fnanchor">[1607]</a>: <i>figura</i> variat -admodum, sæpius tamen cylindricus vel subcylindricus est; in +admodum, sæpius tamen cylindricus vel subcylindricus est; in <i>Blattis</i> apicem versus sensim attenuatus<a name="FNanchor_1608_1608" id="FNanchor_1608_1608"></a><a href="#Footnote_1608_1608" class="fnanchor">[1608]</a>; in <i>Cherme Pyri</i> capitatus<a name="FNanchor_1609_1609" id="FNanchor_1609_1609"></a><a href="#Footnote_1609_1609" class="fnanchor">[1609]</a>; in <i>Vespa vulgari</i> cochleariformis<a name="FNanchor_1610_1610" id="FNanchor_1610_1610"></a><a href="#Footnote_1610_1610" class="fnanchor">[1610]</a>; in <i>Crabrone</i> bilobus<a name="FNanchor_1611_1611" id="FNanchor_1611_1611"></a><a href="#Footnote_1611_1611" class="fnanchor">[1611]</a>; in <i>Poliste gallica</i>? incurvus et apice bicornis<a name="FNanchor_1612_1612" id="FNanchor_1612_1612"></a><a href="#Footnote_1612_1612" class="fnanchor">[1612]</a>; in <i>Sarcophaga carnaria</i> apice spinosus<a name="FNanchor_1613_1613" id="FNanchor_1613_1613"></a><a href="#Footnote_1613_1613" class="fnanchor">[1613]</a>; in <i>Megachile muraria</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_577" id="Page_577">[Pg 577]</a></span> difformis<a name="FNanchor_1614_1614" id="FNanchor_1614_1614"></a><a href="#Footnote_1614_1614" class="fnanchor">[1614]</a>; in <i>Tyrophaga Casei</i> et quibusdam aliis <i>Muscidis</i>, spiralis<a name="FNanchor_1615_1615" id="FNanchor_1615_1615"></a><a href="#Footnote_1615_1615" class="fnanchor">[1615]</a>; -in <i>Cordulia ænea</i> et <i>Phalangio</i> biarticulatus<a name="FNanchor_1616_1616" id="FNanchor_1616_1616"></a><a href="#Footnote_1616_1616" class="fnanchor">[1616]</a>. Utplurimum +in <i>Cordulia ænea</i> et <i>Phalangio</i> biarticulatus<a name="FNanchor_1616_1616" id="FNanchor_1616_1616"></a><a href="#Footnote_1616_1616" class="fnanchor">[1616]</a>. Utplurimum nudus est, sed in <i>Tephrite</i> fimbriatus. In insectis proprie dictis <i>simplex</i> est hoc organon, in <i>Scorpionibus</i> autem <i>duplex</i> evadit; quod fit etiam in quibusdam reptilibus, <i>Serpentibus</i> @@ -27979,25 +27938,25 @@ nempe et <i>Lacertis</i><a name="FNanchor_1617_1617" id="FNanchor_1617_1617"></a 2. <i>Canalis excretorius</i> e concursu vesicularum seminalium formatur, et a <i>pene</i> excipitur in quo terminat et cui semen reddit; interdum brevissimus est, ut in <i>Blatta</i><a name="FNanchor_1618_1618" id="FNanchor_1618_1618"></a><a href="#Footnote_1618_1618" class="fnanchor">[1618]</a>, et interdum -iterum prælongus, ut in <i>Blapte Mortisaga</i>, <i>Tyrophaga Casei</i>, et +iterum prælongus, ut in <i>Blapte Mortisaga</i>, <i>Tyrophaga Casei</i>, et aliis<a name="FNanchor_1619_1619" id="FNanchor_1619_1619"></a><a href="#Footnote_1619_1619" class="fnanchor">[1619]</a>. Plerumque cylindricus est, musculosus, compactus, et externe tracheis pertextus<a name="FNanchor_1620_1620" id="FNanchor_1620_1620"></a><a href="#Footnote_1620_1620" class="fnanchor">[1620]</a>. </p> <p> -3. <i>Vesiculæ seminales</i> conniventes formant, ut jam dictum +3. <i>Vesiculæ seminales</i> conniventes formant, ut jam dictum est, canalem excretorium communem cujus prolongatio bifida esse videntur; vasa deferentia hinc excipiunt. Interdum vasa -hæc ac vesiculæ seminales eodem loco in canali excretorio -communi terminant, unde canalis hic tumidior fit<a name="FNanchor_1621_1621" id="FNanchor_1621_1621"></a><a href="#Footnote_1621_1621" class="fnanchor">[1621]</a>. Vesiculæ -supradictæ maxime variant: modo canalem exhibent ventricosum, +hæc ac vesiculæ seminales eodem loco in canali excretorio +communi terminant, unde canalis hic tumidior fit<a name="FNanchor_1621_1621" id="FNanchor_1621_1621"></a><a href="#Footnote_1621_1621" class="fnanchor">[1621]</a>. Vesiculæ +supradictæ maxime variant: modo canalem exhibent ventricosum, tortum, implexum, longissimum; modo rectum, breviorem. -In plerisque <i>duæ</i> sunt vesiculæ seminales, etiam in +In plerisque <i>duæ</i> sunt vesiculæ seminales, etiam in <i>Lepidopteris</i> monorchidis; in quibusdam (<i>Tenebrione Molitore</i>, <i>Hydrophilo piceo</i>) <i>quatuor</i><a name="FNanchor_1622_1622" id="FNanchor_1622_1622"></a><a href="#Footnote_1622_1622" class="fnanchor">[1622]</a>; in aliis (<i>Dytisco marginali</i>) -<i>sex</i><a name="FNanchor_1623_1623" id="FNanchor_1623_1623"></a><a href="#Footnote_1623_1623" class="fnanchor">[1623]</a>; et, in <i>Locustis</i> et <i>Blatta</i>, <i>plurimæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1624_1624" id="FNanchor_1624_1624"></a><a href="#Footnote_1624_1624" class="fnanchor">[1624]</a>. Breves admodum +<i>sex</i><a name="FNanchor_1623_1623" id="FNanchor_1623_1623"></a><a href="#Footnote_1623_1623" class="fnanchor">[1623]</a>; et, in <i>Locustis</i> et <i>Blatta</i>, <i>plurimæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1624_1624" id="FNanchor_1624_1624"></a><a href="#Footnote_1624_1624" class="fnanchor">[1624]</a>. Breves admodum sunt in <i>Orthopteris</i> et quibusdam <i>Coleopteris</i><a name="FNanchor_1625_1625" id="FNanchor_1625_1625"></a><a href="#Footnote_1625_1625" class="fnanchor">[1625]</a>; sed in aliis -longissimæ; in <i>Orycte nasicorni</i> vicies, et in <i>Cetonia aurata</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_578" id="Page_578">[Pg 578]</a></span> +longissimæ; in <i>Orycte nasicorni</i> vicies, et in <i>Cetonia aurata</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_578" id="Page_578">[Pg 578]</a></span> ter decies corpus longitudine superant<a name="FNanchor_1626_1626" id="FNanchor_1626_1626"></a><a href="#Footnote_1626_1626" class="fnanchor">[1626]</a>. In hisce organis semen e testibus per vasa deferentia acceptum ante emissionem elaboratur. @@ -28012,7 +27971,7 @@ formandum confluunt, qui vesiculis supradictis semen reddit: interdum, ut in <i>Lepidopteris</i><a name="FNanchor_1628_1628" id="FNanchor_1628_1628"></a><a href="#Footnote_1628_1628" class="fnanchor">[1628]</a>, ab his nullo modo separantur, unum canalem aut tubum formantia; sed in aliis penitus sunt distincta<a name="FNanchor_1629_1629" id="FNanchor_1629_1629"></a><a href="#Footnote_1629_1629" class="fnanchor">[1629]</a>. Ex eodem filo quo contexuntur testes vasa deferentia -sæpius deducuntur. +sæpius deducuntur. </p> <p> @@ -28020,24 +27979,24 @@ sæpius deducuntur. <i>compositione</i>, <i>numero</i>, et <i>figura</i>. In quibusdam (<i>Lepidopteris</i> et <i>Hymenopteris</i>) sunt compacti vasculis visui se subducentibus; in aliis (<i>Orthopteris</i>, <i>Neuropteris</i>, <i>Dipteris</i>, et quibusdam <i>Coleopteris</i>) -e vasculis brevibus cæcis variique voluminis conformati +e vasculis brevibus cæcis variique voluminis conformati sunt, atque tunica densa tenaci vel rete tantum mucoso obducti<a name="FNanchor_1630_1630" id="FNanchor_1630_1630"></a><a href="#Footnote_1630_1630" class="fnanchor">[1630]</a>; vel iterum ex unico variisque modis tecto canali varie contorto et implexo, qui deduci potest et haud raro massam ovalem trachearum ope contextam refert, conflantur, ut in -<i>Coleopteris Prædaceis</i> tam aquaticis quam terrestribus<a name="FNanchor_1631_1631" id="FNanchor_1631_1631"></a><a href="#Footnote_1631_1631" class="fnanchor">[1631]</a>. +<i>Coleopteris Prædaceis</i> tam aquaticis quam terrestribus<a name="FNanchor_1631_1631" id="FNanchor_1631_1631"></a><a href="#Footnote_1631_1631" class="fnanchor">[1631]</a>. </p> <p> -<i>Numero</i> etiam variant testes. Quædam <i>Lepidoptera</i>, ut -<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>, item <i>Iulidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1632_1632" id="FNanchor_1632_1632"></a><a href="#Footnote_1632_1632" class="fnanchor">[1632]</a>, <i>unico</i> gaudent; pleraque tamen -insecta animalia vertebrata hic æmulantur, et testibus instruuntur +<i>Numero</i> etiam variant testes. Quædam <i>Lepidoptera</i>, ut +<i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>, item <i>Iulidæ</i><a name="FNanchor_1632_1632" id="FNanchor_1632_1632"></a><a href="#Footnote_1632_1632" class="fnanchor">[1632]</a>, <i>unico</i> gaudent; pleraque tamen +insecta animalia vertebrata hic æmulantur, et testibus instruuntur <i>duobus</i>; in <i>Nepa cinerea</i> et reliquis <i>Hemipteris</i> quatuor vel quinque<a name="FNanchor_1633_1633" id="FNanchor_1633_1633"></a><a href="#Footnote_1633_1633" class="fnanchor">[1633]</a>, in <i>Melolontha vulgari</i> sex<a name="FNanchor_1634_1634" id="FNanchor_1634_1634"></a><a href="#Footnote_1634_1634" class="fnanchor">[1634]</a>, et in <i>Cetonia aurata</i> duodecim<a name="FNanchor_1635_1635" id="FNanchor_1635_1635"></a><a href="#Footnote_1635_1635" class="fnanchor">[1635]</a>, utrinque deteguntur. Interdum ex acinis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_579" id="Page_579">[Pg 579]</a></span> pluribus compacti videntur, et bacciformes appellari possunt. -In <i>Lamia</i> duodecim glandulæ in utroque teste coalitæ inveniuntur<a name="FNanchor_1636_1636" id="FNanchor_1636_1636"></a><a href="#Footnote_1636_1636" class="fnanchor">[1636]</a>, -et in <i>Tenebrione Molitore</i> plurimæ<a name="FNanchor_1637_1637" id="FNanchor_1637_1637"></a><a href="#Footnote_1637_1637" class="fnanchor">[1637]</a>. +In <i>Lamia</i> duodecim glandulæ in utroque teste coalitæ inveniuntur<a name="FNanchor_1636_1636" id="FNanchor_1636_1636"></a><a href="#Footnote_1636_1636" class="fnanchor">[1636]</a>, +et in <i>Tenebrione Molitore</i> plurimæ<a name="FNanchor_1637_1637" id="FNanchor_1637_1637"></a><a href="#Footnote_1637_1637" class="fnanchor">[1637]</a>. </p> <p> @@ -28050,15 +28009,15 @@ terminati<a name="FNanchor_1642_1642" id="FNanchor_1642_1642"></a><a href="#Foot </p> <p> -In <i>larvis</i> etiam hæc organa detegere est. Sic in eruca <i>Pontiæ</i> +In <i>larvis</i> etiam hæc organa detegere est. Sic in eruca <i>Pontiæ</i> quatuor testes sunt utrinque, vel potius unicus ex quatuor serie ordinatis, conflatus<a name="FNanchor_1643_1643" id="FNanchor_1643_1643"></a><a href="#Footnote_1643_1643" class="fnanchor">[1643]</a>. Hi sensim coacervantur donec -in sphæricum testem antea descriptum coalescant. +in sphæricum testem antea descriptum coalescant. </p> <p> 6. <i>Prehensores</i><a name="FNanchor_1644_1644" id="FNanchor_1644_1644"></a><a href="#Footnote_1644_1644" class="fnanchor">[1644]</a> sunt organa figura varia quibuscum mas in -coitu feminæ anum corripit et comprimit. Quoddam analogum +coitu feminæ anum corripit et comprimit. Quoddam analogum in quibusdam <i>Mammaliis</i>, <i>Avibus</i>, <i>Piscibus</i>, et <i>Reptilibus</i><a name="FNanchor_1645_1645" id="FNanchor_1645_1645"></a><a href="#Footnote_1645_1645" class="fnanchor">[1645]</a> invenitur, sed in insectis maxime conspicui. Eorum <i>situs</i>, <i>numerus</i>; et <i>forma</i>, sunt notandi. @@ -28068,36 +28027,36 @@ invenitur, sed in insectis maxime conspicui. Eorum <i>situs</i>, Quoad <i>situm</i>—circa foramen per quem prodit penis sub ano plerumque sunt inserti, sed in <i>Conope</i> cornu prehensorium in segmento ventrali antepenultimo deprehenditur<a name="FNanchor_1646_1646" id="FNanchor_1646_1646"></a><a href="#Footnote_1646_1646" class="fnanchor">[1646]</a>; et in <i>Libellulinis</i>, -præter prehensores <i>anales</i>, par est aliud anum spectans, +præter prehensores <i>anales</i>, par est aliud anum spectans, in secundo <i>ventris</i> segmento pone penis ipsius situm<a name="FNanchor_1647_1647" id="FNanchor_1647_1647"></a><a href="#Footnote_1647_1647" class="fnanchor">[1647]</a>. Prehensorum <i>numerus</i> minime constans: plerumque <i>duo</i> sunt, sed in <i>Cicada</i>, <i>unicus</i> furcatus tantummodo videre est<a name="FNanchor_1648_1648" id="FNanchor_1648_1648"></a><a href="#Footnote_1648_1648" class="fnanchor">[1648]</a>; in <i>Lepidopteris</i> variis, <i>Conope</i>, <i>Libellulidis</i>, <i>tres</i> anum armant, difformes tamen<a name="FNanchor_1649_1649" id="FNanchor_1649_1649"></a><a href="#Footnote_1649_1649" class="fnanchor">[1649]</a>; <i>duo paria Culicem</i> signant<a name="FNanchor_1650_1650" id="FNanchor_1650_1650"></a><a href="#Footnote_1650_1650" class="fnanchor">[1650]</a>, <i>Megachilem murariam</i><a name="FNanchor_1651_1651" id="FNanchor_1651_1651"></a><a href="#Footnote_1651_1651" class="fnanchor">[1651]</a>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_580" id="Page_580">[Pg 580]</a></span> et <i>Agrionidas</i><a name="FNanchor_1652_1652" id="FNanchor_1652_1652"></a><a href="#Footnote_1652_1652" class="fnanchor">[1652]</a>; in <i>Locustis</i> veris intra abdomen retracta sunt -hæc organa; in pupa tamen <i>L. morbillosæ</i>, in nostro musæo +hæc organa; in pupa tamen <i>L. morbillosæ</i>, in nostro musæo asservata, <i>quinque</i> apparent; <i>sex</i> in <i>Formicis</i> De Geerius detexit, sed in cognato genere <i>Myrmica</i>, <i>duo</i> tantum<a name="FNanchor_1653_1653" id="FNanchor_1653_1653"></a><a href="#Footnote_1653_1653" class="fnanchor">[1653]</a>; <i>quatuor paribus</i> postremo <i>Tipula oleracea</i> instructa est. Prehensorum -<i>forma</i> multifarie variat, imò haud raro in specie eadem: interdum +<i>forma</i> multifarie variat, imò haud raro in specie eadem: interdum enim <i>prehensioni</i> soli hujusmodi instrumenta sunt -adaptata, aliis diversæ figuræ <i>compressionem</i> efficientibus; interdum -et utroque munere funguntur. In <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>, +adaptata, aliis diversæ figuræ <i>compressionem</i> efficientibus; interdum +et utroque munere funguntur. In <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>, in qua par <i>unicum</i>, concavo-convexi sunt, deltoidei, intus setis rigidis fimbriati, et apice dente incurvo armati<a name="FNanchor_1654_1654" id="FNanchor_1654_1654"></a><a href="#Footnote_1654_1654" class="fnanchor">[1654]</a>; in <i>Acrida varia</i> tenues, simplices, recurvi; in <i>Spilosomate lubricipeda</i>, -quæ <i>tribus</i> gaudet, laterales sunt concavo-convexi, ovati, dum +quæ <i>tribus</i> gaudet, laterales sunt concavo-convexi, ovati, dum intermedius brevior est, triangularis et unguiculo armatus<a name="FNanchor_1655_1655" id="FNanchor_1655_1655"></a><a href="#Footnote_1655_1655" class="fnanchor">[1655]</a>; -in <i>Cordulia ænea</i>, et affinibus, <i>duo superiores</i> sunt lineares et -undulati, et <i>inferior unicus</i> profunde bifidus<a name="FNanchor_1656_1656" id="FNanchor_1656_1656"></a><a href="#Footnote_1656_1656" class="fnanchor">[1656]</a>; in <i>Vanessa Urticæ</i> +in <i>Cordulia ænea</i>, et affinibus, <i>duo superiores</i> sunt lineares et +undulati, et <i>inferior unicus</i> profunde bifidus<a name="FNanchor_1656_1656" id="FNanchor_1656_1656"></a><a href="#Footnote_1656_1656" class="fnanchor">[1656]</a>; in <i>Vanessa Urticæ</i> exteriores duo sunt conchiformes, par autem interius unguiforme<a name="FNanchor_1657_1657" id="FNanchor_1657_1657"></a><a href="#Footnote_1657_1657" class="fnanchor">[1657]</a>; in <i>Culice</i> superiores longiores conici hirsuti, inferiores -breviores et ut in præcedente unguem referunt<a name="FNanchor_1658_1658" id="FNanchor_1658_1658"></a><a href="#Footnote_1658_1658" class="fnanchor">[1658]</a>; in -<i>Tipula oleracea</i>, in qua <i>octuplici</i> prehensore anus armatus, valvulæ -omnes figura diversæ—par exterius nempe concavum +breviores et ut in præcedente unguem referunt<a name="FNanchor_1658_1658" id="FNanchor_1658_1658"></a><a href="#Footnote_1658_1658" class="fnanchor">[1658]</a>; in +<i>Tipula oleracea</i>, in qua <i>octuplici</i> prehensore anus armatus, valvulæ +omnes figura diversæ—par exterius nempe concavum membranaceum reliquos includens, secundum unguiculatum, tertium subclavatum, et ultimum fere lunatum<a name="FNanchor_1659_1659" id="FNanchor_1659_1659"></a><a href="#Footnote_1659_1659" class="fnanchor">[1659]</a>; in <i>Megachile -muraria</i>, inter alios diversos, unum par literæ T formam habet<a name="FNanchor_1660_1660" id="FNanchor_1660_1660"></a><a href="#Footnote_1660_1660" class="fnanchor">[1660]</a>; +muraria</i>, inter alios diversos, unum par literæ T formam habet<a name="FNanchor_1660_1660" id="FNanchor_1660_1660"></a><a href="#Footnote_1660_1660" class="fnanchor">[1660]</a>; in <i>Bombo</i> forceps analis bivalvis est intus ramosus<a name="FNanchor_1661_1661" id="FNanchor_1661_1661"></a><a href="#Footnote_1661_1661" class="fnanchor">[1661]</a>; et in <i>Panorpa</i> cheliformis<a name="FNanchor_1662_1662" id="FNanchor_1662_1662"></a><a href="#Footnote_1662_1662" class="fnanchor">[1662]</a>. </p> @@ -28114,7 +28073,7 @@ rectificato superfuso flocculi quidam formantur<a name="FNanchor_1663_1663" id=" </p> <p> -ii. <i>Genitalia</i> feminea <i>vulva</i> excepta antea tractavi<a name="FNanchor_1664_1664" id="FNanchor_1664_1664"></a><a href="#Footnote_1664_1664" class="fnanchor">[1664]</a>, hæc est +ii. <i>Genitalia</i> feminea <i>vulva</i> excepta antea tractavi<a name="FNanchor_1664_1664" id="FNanchor_1664_1664"></a><a href="#Footnote_1664_1664" class="fnanchor">[1664]</a>, hæc est tubus subcylindricus, foramine ovali vel lunato ab ano distincto, cum matrice connexus, et per quem semen in coitu transmittitur. In <i>Scorpionibus</i> duplicem esse vulvam affirmatur @@ -28123,12 +28082,12 @@ duobus ovariis connexum<a name="FNanchor_1665_1665" id="FNanchor_1665_1665"></a> <p> II. <i>Coitus.</i>—Coitum insectorum tractaturo paucula de lenociniis -amatoriis, et aliis ejusmodi, quæ antecedunt, sunt prædicenda. -<i>Olfactu</i> mares <i>Phalænarum</i> interdum feminam latentem, +amatoriis, et aliis ejusmodi, quæ antecedunt, sunt prædicenda. +<i>Olfactu</i> mares <i>Phalænarum</i> interdum feminam latentem, uti canis leporem, odorantur<a name="FNanchor_1666_1666" id="FNanchor_1666_1666"></a><a href="#Footnote_1666_1666" class="fnanchor">[1666]</a>; splendore phosphorico -<i>Lampyrides</i> et quorundam aliorum insectorum feminæ maritum -ad lectum gramineum prælucent; et huc referri forsan -debet plurium cæcus ardor lumina circumvolandi, vel etiam +<i>Lampyrides</i> et quorundam aliorum insectorum feminæ maritum +ad lectum gramineum prælucent; et huc referri forsan +debet plurium cæcus ardor lumina circumvolandi, vel etiam in lumen irruendi; <i>sonus</i> excitat feminas <i>Cicadarum</i> et <i>Gryllinarum</i><a name="FNanchor_1667_1667" id="FNanchor_1667_1667"></a><a href="#Footnote_1667_1667" class="fnanchor">[1667]</a>, &c. ad amores, et cantu stridulo querelisque amatoriis diem ducit mas cupidus, donec sponsa advolat, et tori @@ -28137,58 +28096,58 @@ formidati <i>Anobii</i> mutuo sese provocant ad venerem<a name="FNanchor_1668_16 </p> <p> -In plurimis tamen insectis femina fit modestiæ et pudicitiæ +In plurimis tamen insectis femina fit modestiæ et pudicitiæ exemplar, et non nisi difficillime et capite averso maris ardori se tradit. In insectorum moribus et œconomia virtutum plurimarum typum quendam et delineationem nobis proposuit <span class="smcap">Deus</span> O. M., quem imitari nos voluit, interdum jussit<a name="FNanchor_1669_1669" id="FNanchor_1669_1669"></a><a href="#Footnote_1669_1669" class="fnanchor">[1669]</a>. Sic<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_582" id="Page_582">[Pg 582]</a></span> excitare nos ad laborem indefessum, ad prudentiam item et -amorem erga prolem <i>Formicæ</i> dedit<a name="FNanchor_1670_1670" id="FNanchor_1670_1670"></a><a href="#Footnote_1670_1670" class="fnanchor">[1670]</a>: <i>Api</i> ad devotam sui -consecrationem, et omnium facultatum et virium ad reipublicæ +amorem erga prolem <i>Formicæ</i> dedit<a name="FNanchor_1670_1670" id="FNanchor_1670_1670"></a><a href="#Footnote_1670_1670" class="fnanchor">[1670]</a>: <i>Api</i> ad devotam sui +consecrationem, et omnium facultatum et virium ad reipublicæ emolumentum, ad obsequium quoque verum erga parentes et regem<a name="FNanchor_1671_1671" id="FNanchor_1671_1671"></a><a href="#Footnote_1671_1671" class="fnanchor">[1671]</a>; atque ita, ut jam dictum est, in re amatoria insectorum -feminæ sæpe speciem præ se ferunt pudoris et castitatis, +feminæ sæpe speciem præ se ferunt pudoris et castitatis, et virginibus verecundiam, virtutum omnium custodem, -et sexûs sui ornamentum maxime proprium, moribus suis -prædicant. Hujus modestiæ exemplar insigne præbent <i>Libellulinæ</i>. -Œstro amoris concitus, mas feminæ collum <i>prehensore</i> -anali triphyllo arripit et avolat, illam quasi prædam -secum gerens; sponsæ sic electæ, persuadere in animo est ut +et sexûs sui ornamentum maxime proprium, moribus suis +prædicant. Hujus modestiæ exemplar insigne præbent <i>Libellulinæ</i>. +Œstro amoris concitus, mas feminæ collum <i>prehensore</i> +anali triphyllo arripit et avolat, illam quasi prædam +secum gerens; sponsæ sic electæ, persuadere in animo est ut caudam suam inflecteret, et ad coitum se daret, quod, illa invita, fieri nequit; maris enim genitalia, ut antea dictum est, in -basi ventris sita, feminæ vero in extremo ano; hinc, nolente -illa, vix fit coitus, et sæpissime longo et vano labore, huc illuc +basi ventris sita, feminæ vero in extremo ano; hinc, nolente +illa, vix fit coitus, et sæpissime longo et vano labore, huc illuc volando virginem protervam frustra solicitat; sed tandem lacessitus -aquas petit, quas sponsæ cauda longa, me teste, sæpius +aquas petit, quas sponsæ cauda longa, me teste, sæpius flagellat, donec defatigata, et quasi ex frigido calorem concipiens, demum et sensim caudam inflectit, et se reddit -amori<a name="FNanchor_1672_1672" id="FNanchor_1672_1672"></a><a href="#Footnote_1672_1672" class="fnanchor">[1672]</a>. <i>Araneam</i> ferocem, sævam etiam in amoribus, mas +amori<a name="FNanchor_1672_1672" id="FNanchor_1672_1672"></a><a href="#Footnote_1672_1672" class="fnanchor">[1672]</a>. <i>Araneam</i> ferocem, sævam etiam in amoribus, mas caute appropinquat, et, si blanditiis ejus minus propitiam sese ostendat, cito resilit, ne osculorum loco morte donetur: -coitu etiam peracto, pede veloci ab uxore se subducit, quæ -illum, imo post Veneres, aliàs forsan voraret<a name="FNanchor_1673_1673" id="FNanchor_1673_1673"></a><a href="#Footnote_1673_1673" class="fnanchor">[1673]</a>. In genere +coitu etiam peracto, pede veloci ab uxore se subducit, quæ +illum, imo post Veneres, alià s forsan voraret<a name="FNanchor_1673_1673" id="FNanchor_1673_1673"></a><a href="#Footnote_1673_1673" class="fnanchor">[1673]</a>. In genere mares feminas antennarum et abdominis motibus et frictione lenocinantur et ad coitum provocant. </p> <p> -Insecta sunt alia, ut <i>Phalænæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i> quædam, et <i>Apis -mellifica</i>, in quibus inversa est hæc naturæ lex casta; harum -enim feminæ marem petunt, vel blanditiis alliciunt ad amores. +Insecta sunt alia, ut <i>Phalænæ</i>, <i>Muscidæ</i> quædam, et <i>Apis +mellifica</i>, in quibus inversa est hæc naturæ lex casta; harum +enim feminæ marem petunt, vel blanditiis alliciunt ad amores. </p> <p> -Nunc de <i>coitu</i> ipso tractabimus, in quo hæc sunt præcipue +Nunc de <i>coitu</i> ipso tractabimus, in quo hæc sunt præcipue notanda—<i>modus</i>, <i>statio relativa</i>, <i>locus</i>, et <i>duratio</i>. </p> <p> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_583" id="Page_583">[Pg 583]</a></span>i. Plerisque insectis penis <i>intrans</i> est, sed in <i>Muscidis</i> quibusdam -inversa est lex, et feminæ tubus retractilis analis, foramen -sub ano maris penetrat et ita coëunt<a name="FNanchor_1674_1674" id="FNanchor_1674_1674"></a><a href="#Footnote_1674_1674" class="fnanchor">[1674]</a>. <i>Araneidis</i> singulari +inversa est lex, et feminæ tubus retractilis analis, foramen +sub ano maris penetrat et ita coëunt<a name="FNanchor_1674_1674" id="FNanchor_1674_1674"></a><a href="#Footnote_1674_1674" class="fnanchor">[1674]</a>. <i>Araneidis</i> singulari et mirabili prorsus modo fit coitus; organi enim masculi functio partim palpis et partim membro ventrali delegatur: prioribus -includitur glans quæ pudendum femineum penetrat, et sic +includitur glans quæ pudendum femineum penetrat, et sic in utroque sexu, palpis ambobus alternis vicibus huic officio inservientibus, orgasmus venereus producitur, cui insequitur fœcundatio, ab organo <i>ventrali</i> masculo; femina tubercula duo @@ -28201,18 +28160,18 @@ abdomine locum habere<a name="FNanchor_1676_1676" id="FNanchor_1676_1676"></a><a orificio<a name="FNanchor_1677_1677" id="FNanchor_1677_1677"></a><a href="#Footnote_1677_1677" class="fnanchor">[1677]</a>; in palpis e contra est organum exsertile penem referens, quod in coitu erigitur et fere glandiforme est: hinc deduci potest, ut videtur, quod utrumque organum pro genitale -habendum, et fœcundationem feminæ ab utroque pendere. +habendum, et fœcundationem feminæ ab utroque pendere. </p> <p> ii. <i>Statio relativa.</i> In plerisque insectis, durante coitu, -<i>maris</i> statio <i>superior</i> est, et <i>feminæ</i> inferior, in hujus dorsum -conscendente illo; interdum tamen hæc lex inversa est, et marem +<i>maris</i> statio <i>superior</i> est, et <i>feminæ</i> inferior, in hujus dorsum +conscendente illo; interdum tamen hæc lex inversa est, et marem femina ascendit, quod ipse vidi in <i>Vespa vulgari</i>, et <i>Scatophaga</i>; in <i>Pulice</i> etiam femina superior, sed more humano -os ori<a name="FNanchor_1678_1678" id="FNanchor_1678_1678"></a><a href="#Footnote_1678_1678" class="fnanchor">[1678]</a>; quod fit etiam in aliis quibusdam masculo prædominanti, +os ori<a name="FNanchor_1678_1678" id="FNanchor_1678_1678"></a><a href="#Footnote_1678_1678" class="fnanchor">[1678]</a>; quod fit etiam in aliis quibusdam masculo prædominanti, nempe in <i>Cryptophago</i> quodam minuto, nostris sub oculis, -in <i>Zygæna</i>, <i>Culice</i>, et <i>Phalangio</i><a name="FNanchor_1679_1679" id="FNanchor_1679_1679"></a><a href="#Footnote_1679_1679" class="fnanchor">[1679]</a>. In insectis <i>Orthopteris</i> +in <i>Zygæna</i>, <i>Culice</i>, et <i>Phalangio</i><a name="FNanchor_1679_1679" id="FNanchor_1679_1679"></a><a href="#Footnote_1679_1679" class="fnanchor">[1679]</a>. In insectis <i>Orthopteris</i> et pluribus <i>Hemipteris</i> sexus in coitu sibi invicem a latere paralleli stant<a name="FNanchor_1680_1680" id="FNanchor_1680_1680"></a><a href="#Footnote_1680_1680" class="fnanchor">[1680]</a>; sed in aliis <i>Hemipteris</i>, saltem in <i>Pentatomate</i>,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_584" id="Page_584">[Pg 584]</a></span> more canum capitibus aversis, quod fit etiam in quibusdam @@ -28222,17 +28181,17 @@ more canum capitibus aversis, quod fit etiam in quibusdam <p> iii. <i>Locus.</i> Interdum in <i>terram</i> et inter <i>gramina</i>; interdum inter <i>arborum</i> et <i>fruticum</i> ramos, et sub foliis; interdum iterum -super <i>aquas</i>; et in ipso <i>aëre</i> demum haud raro amoris gaudiis -ultimis fruuntur; hîc <i>Ephemeræ</i> caducæ in ipso venere choreas +super <i>aquas</i>; et in ipso <i>aëre</i> demum haud raro amoris gaudiis +ultimis fruuntur; hîc <i>Ephemeræ</i> caducæ in ipso venere choreas ducunt; sursum et deorsum, memetipso teste, alternatim volitantes<a name="FNanchor_1682_1682" id="FNanchor_1682_1682"></a><a href="#Footnote_1682_1682" class="fnanchor">[1682]</a>: -hîc etiam <i>Apum</i> regina et mater in sublime fertur +hîc etiam <i>Apum</i> regina et mater in sublime fertur maritum infelicem petens, qui voluptatem brevem vita emat<a name="FNanchor_1683_1683" id="FNanchor_1683_1683"></a><a href="#Footnote_1683_1683" class="fnanchor">[1683]</a>: -<i>Phalænarum</i> feminæ apteræ hue illuc per aërem inter arbores +<i>Phalænarum</i> feminæ apteræ hue illuc per aërem inter arbores trahuntur a mare alato<a name="FNanchor_1684_1684" id="FNanchor_1684_1684"></a><a href="#Footnote_1684_1684" class="fnanchor">[1684]</a>; et quarundam <i>Tipularum</i> mares a -feminis tracti, per aërem item durante coitu rapiuntur. Modeste -satis coëunt insecta, utplurimum plantarum sub umbra -latitantes; et plura insuper, ut quædam <i>Tipulæ</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, et -<i>Bombycidæ</i>, sub cortina alarum abdomen omnino tegente, veneri +feminis tracti, per aërem item durante coitu rapiuntur. Modeste +satis coëunt insecta, utplurimum plantarum sub umbra +latitantes; et plura insuper, ut quædam <i>Tipulæ</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, et +<i>Bombycidæ</i>, sub cortina alarum abdomen omnino tegente, veneri se tradunt<a name="FNanchor_1685_1685" id="FNanchor_1685_1685"></a><a href="#Footnote_1685_1685" class="fnanchor">[1685]</a>. </p> @@ -28277,19 +28236,19 @@ North Cape, in 1798 and 1799. London 1802. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Ælianus.</i> De Natura Animalium. +<i>Ælianus.</i> De Natura Animalium. </p> <p> -<i>Ahrens</i> (Augustus) <i>F</i>au<i>na</i> insectorum <i>Europ</i>æ. Halæ 1812—. 12mo. +<i>Ahrens</i> (Augustus) <i>F</i>au<i>na</i> insectorum <i>Europ</i>æ. Halæ 1812—. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Aldrovandus</i> (Ulysses) De animalibus insectis. Bononiæ 1602. fol. +<i>Aldrovandus</i> (Ulysses) De animalibus insectis. Bononiæ 1602. fol. </p> <p> -<i>Amoreux</i> (P. J.?) Notice des <i>insectes</i> de la France reputés <i>venimeux</i>. A Paris 1789. 12mo. +<i>Amoreux</i> (P. J.?) Notice des <i>insectes</i> de la France reputés <i>venimeux</i>. A Paris 1789. 12mo. </p> <p> @@ -28303,7 +28262,7 @@ and supplement. London 1789—. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Angelinus</i> (Fulvius), &c. De verme admirando per nares egresso. Ravennæ 1610. +<i>Angelinus</i> (Fulvius), &c. De verme admirando per nares egresso. Ravennæ 1610. </p> <p> @@ -28355,7 +28314,7 @@ W. Florida, &c. Philadelphia 1791. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Beckmann</i> (Johann.) Physikalisch-ökonomische <i>bibliothek</i>, &c. Göttingen 1778—. +<i>Beckmann</i> (Johann.) Physikalisch-ökonomische <i>bibliothek</i>, &c. Göttingen 1778—. </p> <p> @@ -28363,8 +28322,8 @@ W. Florida, &c. Philadelphia 1791. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Belon</i> (Pierre) Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses memorables -trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo. +<i>Belon</i> (Pierre) Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses memorables +trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo. </p> <p> @@ -28372,7 +28331,7 @@ trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Berkhausen</i> Naturgeschichte der Europaïschen schmetterlinge. Frankfurt 1784. 8vo. +<i>Berkhausen</i> Naturgeschichte der Europaïschen schmetterlinge. Frankfurt 1784. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28384,22 +28343,22 @@ trouvées en Grèce, &c. Paris 1554, 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Bilberg</i> (Gustavus Johannes) * Monographia Mylabridum. Holmiæ 1813. 8vo. +<i>Bilberg</i> (Gustavus Johannes) * Monographia Mylabridum. Holmiæ 1813. 8vo. </p> <p> <i>Billardiere</i>. Relation du <i>Voyage de la recherche de la Perouse</i> pendant les -années 1791-1794. 2 tom. A Paris, An. viii. 4to. +années 1791-1794. 2 tom. A Paris, An. viii. 4to. </p> <p> <i>Bingley</i> (William) <i>Animal Biogr</i>aphy, or anecdotes of the manners and economy of the animal creation, arranged according to the system of -Linnæus. 3 vols. London 1803. 8vo. +Linnæus. 3 vols. London 1803. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Bochart</i> (Samuel) <i>Hierozoicon</i>, sive bipartitum opus de animalibus S. Scripturæ. Francofurt: ad Mœn. 1675. fol. +<i>Bochart</i> (Samuel) <i>Hierozoicon</i>, sive bipartitum opus de animalibus S. Scripturæ. Francofurt: ad Mœn. 1675. fol. </p> <p> @@ -28408,7 +28367,7 @@ Scotland. London 1795. 8vo. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Bonnet</span> (Charles) * <i>Œuvr</i>es d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie. 18 vols. à Neuchatel 1779—. 8vo. +<span class="smcap">Bonnet</span> (Charles) * <i>Œuvr</i>es d'histoire naturelle et de philosophie. 18 vols. à Neuchatel 1779—. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28421,12 +28380,12 @@ Scotland. London 1795. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Brahm</i> (Nikol. Jos.) <i>Ins</i>ekten <i>kal</i>ender für sammler und œkonomen. Mainz 1790. 8vo. +<i>Brahm</i> (Nikol. Jos.) <i>Ins</i>ekten <i>kal</i>ender für sammler und œkonomen. Mainz 1790. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Brez</i> (Jacques) <i>La Flore des insectophiles</i> precédé d'un discours sur la -utilité des insectes et de l'étude d'insectologie. Autrecht 1791. +<i>Brez</i> (Jacques) <i>La Flore des insectophiles</i> precédé d'un discours sur la +utilité des insectes et de l'étude d'insectologie. Autrecht 1791. </p> <p> @@ -28445,7 +28404,7 @@ of the manners, &c. of the Mahrattas. London 1813. 4to. <p> <i>Brunnich</i> (Martin Thrane) <i>Entomologia</i>, sistens insectorum tabulas systematicas—Latine -et Danice. Hafniæ 1764. 8vo. +et Danice. Hafniæ 1764. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28479,7 +28438,7 @@ vom bienen, wespen, und ameisengeschelecht, &c. (<i>Hymenopt.</i>) Francfurt <p> <i>Clairville.</i> * <i>Ent</i>omologie <i>Helvet</i>ique, ou catalogue des insectes de la Suisse, -rangées d'apres une nouvelle methode. tom. 2. Zuric 1798—. 8vo. +rangées d'apres une nouvelle methode. tom. 2. Zuric 1798—. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28503,8 +28462,8 @@ John <i>Hawkesworth</i>, LL.D. &c. 3 vols. London 1773. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Coquebert</i> (Anton. Johann.) * <i>Illustr</i>atio <i>ic</i>onographica insectorum quæ in -musæis Parisinis observavit et in lucem edidit Joh. Christ. Fabricius, +<i>Coquebert</i> (Anton. Johann.) * <i>Illustr</i>atio <i>ic</i>onographica insectorum quæ in +musæis Parisinis observavit et in lucem edidit Joh. Christ. Fabricius, &c. Decas. 1-3. Parisiis 1779—. 4to. </p> @@ -28529,11 +28488,11 @@ the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, &c. London 1824. 8 </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Cuvier</span> (G. L. C. F. D. Baron) * Leçons d'<i>Anat</i>omie <i>comp</i>arée. 5 vols. Paris 1805. 8vo. +<span class="smcap">Cuvier</span> (G. L. C. F. D. Baron) * Leçons d'<i>Anat</i>omie <i>comp</i>arée. 5 vols. Paris 1805. 8vo. </p> <p> -——— Le <i>Règne Animal</i> distribué d'après son organisation, &c. tom. 4. Paris 1817. 8vo. +——— Le <i>Règne Animal</i> distribué d'après son organisation, &c. tom. 4. Paris 1817. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28555,17 +28514,17 @@ a course of lectures for the Board of Agriculture. London 1813. 4to. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">De Geer</span> (Baron Charles) * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. +<span class="smcap">De Geer</span> (Baron Charles) * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. tom. 7. A Stockholm 1752—. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>De Jean</i> (M. le Baron) * Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptères de +<i>De Jean</i> (M. le Baron) * Catalogue de la collection des Coléoptères de M. le B. de J. A Paris 1821. 8vo. </p> <p> -———– * Species Général des Coléoptères, de la Collection de M. Le +———– * Species Général des Coléoptères, de la Collection de M. Le Comte De Jean. tom. 2. A Paris 1825, 1826. 8vo. </p> @@ -28606,7 +28565,7 @@ figures of exotic <i>insects</i>. 3 vols. London 1770—. 4to. <p> <i>Dufour</i> (Leon) Description de six Arachnides nouvelles et d'une nouvelle -espèce de Galeode. Extrait de la 4<sup>e</sup> tom. des Annal. Génér. des +espèce de Galeode. Extrait de la 4<sup>e</sup> tom. des Annal. Génér. des Scienc. Phys. A Bruxelles 1820. 8vo. </p> @@ -28615,7 +28574,7 @@ Scienc. Phys. A Bruxelles 1820. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Dumeril</i> (A.M. Constant) <i>Trait</i>é <i>élément</i>aire d'histoire naturelle. tom. 2. +<i>Dumeril</i> (A.M. Constant) <i>Trait</i>é <i>élément</i>aire d'histoire naturelle. tom. 2. 2nde ed. A Paris 1807. 8vo. </p> @@ -28631,42 +28590,42 @@ der natur mit beschreibungen. Erlangen 1777—. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Escholtz.</i> Beiträge sur naturkund. +<i>Escholtz.</i> Beiträge sur naturkund. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Fabricius</span> (Johann. Christian.) * <i>Philos</i>ophia <i>ent</i>omologica, sistens scientiæ +<span class="smcap">Fabricius</span> (Johann. Christian.) * <i>Philos</i>ophia <i>ent</i>omologica, sistens scientiæ fundamenta adjectis definitionibus, &c. Hamburgi et Kilonii 1778. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Ent</i>omologiæ sistens, insectorum classes, ordines, -genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiæ 1775. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_589" id="Page_589">[Pg 589]</a></span> +———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Ent</i>omologiæ sistens, insectorum classes, ordines, +genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Flensburgi et Lipsiæ 1775. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_589" id="Page_589">[Pg 589]</a></span> </p> <p> <span class="smcap">Fabricius</span> (Johann. Christian.) * <i>Ent</i>omologia <i>syst</i>ematica <i>em</i>endata et -aucta, secundum classes, &c. tom. 4. Hafniæ 1794—. 8vo. +aucta, secundum classes, &c. tom. 4. Hafniæ 1794—. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Supplem</i>entum Entomologiæ systematicæ. Hafniæ 1798. 8vo. +———— * <i>Supplem</i>entum Entomologiæ systematicæ. Hafniæ 1798. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Eleuth</i>eratorum secundum ordines, &c. tom. 2. Kiliæ. 8vo. +———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Eleuth</i>eratorum secundum ordines, &c. tom. 2. Kiliæ. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Rhyng</i>otorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1803. 8vo. +———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Rhyng</i>otorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1803. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Piez</i>atorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1804. 8vo. +———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Piez</i>atorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1804. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Antl</i>iatorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1805. 8vo. +———— * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Antl</i>iatorum secundum ordines, &c. Brunsvigæ 1805. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28674,16 +28633,16 @@ aucta, secundum classes, &c. tom. 4. Hafniæ 1794—. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Fabricius</i> (Otho) <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Groenland</i>ica, systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiæ -occidentalis hactenus indagata, &c. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1780. 8vo. +<i>Fabricius</i> (Otho) <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Groenland</i>ica, systematice sistens animalia Groenlandiæ +occidentalis hactenus indagata, &c. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1780. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Fischer</i> (Gotthelf) * <i>Entomogr</i>aphia Imperii <i>Russ</i>ici, &c. vol. 1. Mosquæ 1820—. 4to. +<i>Fischer</i> (Gotthelf) * <i>Entomogr</i>aphia Imperii <i>Russ</i>ici, &c. vol. 1. Mosquæ 1820—. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Fischers.</i> Beschreibung eins huhns mit menschenähnlichen profile. St. Petersburg 1816. 8vo. +<i>Fischers.</i> Beschreibung eins huhns mit menschenähnlichen profile. St. Petersburg 1816. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28701,7 +28660,7 @@ during 17 years residence in India. 4 vols. London 1813—. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Forster</i> (John Reinhold) Novæ species insectorum <i>cent</i>uria I. London 1771. 8vo. +<i>Forster</i> (John Reinhold) Novæ species insectorum <i>cent</i>uria I. London 1771. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28717,21 +28676,21 @@ princes in the N. W. of India, &c. Calcutta 1803. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Fuessli</i> (Jean Gaspar) <i>Archives</i> de l'histoire des insectes traduites en François. Winterthour 1794. 4to. +<i>Fuessli</i> (Jean Gaspar) <i>Archives</i> de l'histoire des insectes traduites en François. Winterthour 1794. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Gaede</i> (Heinrich Moritz) Beyträge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>ins</i>ekten, &c. Altona 1815. 4to. +<i>Gaede</i> (Heinrich Moritz) Beyträge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>ins</i>ekten, &c. Altona 1815. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Geoffroy</i> * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>abreg</i>ée des insectes dans laquelle ces animaux sont -rangées suivant un ordre methodique, tom. 2. (<i>Ins. Par.</i>) A Paris 1764. 4to. +<i>Geoffroy</i> * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>abreg</i>ée des insectes dans laquelle ces animaux sont +rangées suivant un ordre methodique, tom. 2. (<i>Ins. Par.</i>) A Paris 1764. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Germar</i> (E.F.) * <i>Insect</i>orum <i>spec</i>ies <i>nov</i>æ aut minùs cognitæ descriptionibus -illustratæ. Vol. I. Coleoptera. Halæ 1824. 8vo. +<i>Germar</i> (E.F.) * <i>Insect</i>orum <i>spec</i>ies <i>nov</i>æ aut minùs cognitæ descriptionibus +illustratæ. Vol. I. Coleoptera. Halæ 1824. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28740,7 +28699,7 @@ illustratæ. Vol. I. Coleoptera. Halæ 1824. 8vo. <p> <i>Goedartius</i> (Johannes) <i>De insectis</i> in methodum cum notularum additione. -Opera M. <i>Lister</i>, &c. cum Scarabæorum Anglicanorum quibusdam +Opera M. <i>Lister</i>, &c. cum Scarabæorum Anglicanorum quibusdam tabulis mutis. Londini 1685. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_590" id="Page_590">[Pg 590]</a></span> </p> @@ -28764,17 +28723,17 @@ tabulis mutis. Londini 1685. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_590" id="Pa <p> <i>Gravenhorst</i> (J. L. C.) <i>Coleopt</i>era <i>Micropt</i>era Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum -quotquot extant in collectionibus Brunsvicensium. Brunsvigæ 1802. 8vo. +quotquot extant in collectionibus Brunsvicensium. Brunsvigæ 1802. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Grew</i> (Nehemiah) <i>Musæum Regalis Societatis</i>, or a catalogue and description +<i>Grew</i> (Nehemiah) <i>Musæum Regalis Societatis</i>, or a catalogue and description of the natural and artificial rarities belonging to the R. Society, and preserved at Gresham College, &c. London 1681. fol. </p> <p> -<i>Grosier</i> (Abbé) A general description of <i>China</i>. (E. Tr.) London 1788. 8vo. +<i>Grosier</i> (Abbé) A general description of <i>China</i>. (E. Tr.) London 1788. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28783,12 +28742,12 @@ Eleutherata. tom. 4. Scaris 1808-27. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Hagenbach</i> (Joh. Jacob.) <i>Mormolyce.</i> Novum Coleoptrorum Genus. Norimbergæ. 1825. 8vo. +<i>Hagenbach</i> (Joh. Jacob.) <i>Mormolyce.</i> Novum Coleoptrorum Genus. Norimbergæ. 1825. 8vo. </p> <p> <i>Haworth</i> (Adrian Hardy) * <i>Lepidopt</i>era <i>Brit</i>annica, sistens digestionem -novam insectorum Lepidopterorum quæ in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, +novam insectorum Lepidopterorum quæ in Magna Britannia reperiuntur, &c. Londini 1803—. 8vo. </p> @@ -28827,11 +28786,11 @@ which is prefixed a memoir on the publick libraries of the ancients, &c. </p> <p> -——— * <i>Nouv</i>elles <i>obs</i>ervations sur les abeilles, tom. 2. A Paris et à Genève 1814. 8vo. +——— * <i>Nouv</i>elles <i>obs</i>ervations sur les abeilles, tom. 2. A Paris et à Genève 1814. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Huber</i> (P.) * Recherches sur les mœurs des <i>fourmis</i> indigènes. A Paris 1810. 8vo. +<i>Huber</i> (P.) * Recherches sur les mœurs des <i>fourmis</i> indigènes. A Paris 1810. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28843,14 +28802,14 @@ which is prefixed a memoir on the publick libraries of the ancients, &c. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Humboldt</span> (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Personal travels +<span class="smcap">Humboldt</span> (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Personal travels to the equinoctial regions of the new continent during the years 1799-1844. (E. Tr.) 5 vols. London 1818—. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_591" id="Page_591">[Pg 591]</a></span> </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Humboldt</span> (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Essais sur la -géographie des plantes. Paris 1805. +<span class="smcap">Humboldt</span> (Alexander, Baron de) and Bonpland (Aimé) Essais sur la +géographie des plantes. Paris 1805. </p> <p> @@ -28858,7 +28817,7 @@ géographie des plantes. Paris 1805. </p> <p> -————– Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée. A Paris 1805. 4to. +————– Recueil d'observations de zoologie et d'anatomie comparée. A Paris 1805. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -28877,16 +28836,16 @@ a long residence in those countries, &c. London 1809. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Jacquin</i> (Nicolaus Joseph) <i>Collectan</i>ea ad botanicam, chemiam, et historiam naturalem spectantia. Vindobonæ 1786. +<i>Jacquin</i> (Nicolaus Joseph) <i>Collectan</i>ea ad botanicam, chemiam, et historiam naturalem spectantia. Vindobonæ 1786. </p> <p> -<i>Jermyn</i> (Lætitia) * <i>The Butterfly Collector's Vade Mecum</i>, or A synoptical +<i>Jermyn</i> (Lætitia) * <i>The Butterfly Collector's Vade Mecum</i>, or A synoptical table of English Butterflies. 2nd ed. Ipswich 1827. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Illiger</i> (J. K. W.) * Versuch einer systematischen volständigen <i>Terminologie</i> +<i>Illiger</i> (J. K. W.) * Versuch einer systematischen volständigen <i>Terminologie</i> das thierreich und pflanzenreich. Helmstadt 1800. 8vo. </p> @@ -28899,8 +28858,8 @@ das thierreich und pflanzenreich. Helmstadt 1800. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Jurine</i> (L.) * Nouvelle methode de classer les <i>Hyménopt</i>ères et les Diptères. -tom. 1. Hyménoptères. A Genève 1807. 4to. +<i>Jurine</i> (L.) * Nouvelle methode de classer les <i>Hyménopt</i>ères et les Diptères. +tom. 1. Hyménoptères. A Genève 1807. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -28908,7 +28867,7 @@ tom. 1. Hyménoptères. A Genève 1807. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Kæmpfer</i> (Engelbert) The history of <i>Japan</i>. (E. Tr.) 2 vol. London 1728. fol. +<i>Kæmpfer</i> (Engelbert) The history of <i>Japan</i>. (E. Tr.) 2 vol. London 1728. fol. </p> <p> @@ -28916,13 +28875,13 @@ tom. 1. Hyménoptères. A Genève 1807. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Kirby</i> (William) * <i>Mon</i>ographia <i>Ap</i>um <i>Angl</i>iæ, or an attempt to divide +<i>Kirby</i> (William) * <i>Mon</i>ographia <i>Ap</i>um <i>Angl</i>iæ, or an attempt to divide into their natural genera and families such species of the Linnean genus Apis as have been discovered in England, &c. 2 vols. Ipswich 1802. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Kleemann</i> (Christ. Fried. Karl.) <i>Beiträge</i> zur natur-oder insecten geschichte. Nurnberg 1761. 4to. +<i>Kleemann</i> (Christ. Fried. Karl.) <i>Beiträge</i> zur natur-oder insecten geschichte. Nurnberg 1761. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -28931,7 +28890,7 @@ and on the manufacture of cider and perry. London 1797. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Knoch</i> (August. Wilhelm) <i>Beiträge</i> zur insecten geschichte. Leipzig 1781—. 8vo. +<i>Knoch</i> (August. Wilhelm) <i>Beiträge</i> zur insecten geschichte. Leipzig 1781—. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28939,22 +28898,22 @@ and on the manufacture of cider and perry. London 1797. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Lafontaine.</i> Traité de la chirurgie. Leipzig. 1792. +<i>Lafontaine.</i> Traité de la chirurgie. Leipzig. 1792. </p> <p> -<i>La Lande de Lignac</i> (Joseph Albert) Mémoire pour servir à commencer -l'histoire des <i>araignées aquatiques</i>. Paris 1749. 8vo. +<i>La Lande de Lignac</i> (Joseph Albert) Mémoire pour servir à commencer +l'histoire des <i>araignées aquatiques</i>. Paris 1749. 8vo. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Lamarck</span> (Jean Baptiste) <i>Syst</i>ème <i>des</i> <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbr</i>es, ou tableau -général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux, &c. A Paris 1801.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_592" id="Page_592">[Pg 592]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Lamarck</span> (Jean Baptiste) <i>Syst</i>ème <i>des</i> <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbr</i>es, ou tableau +général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux, &c. A Paris 1801.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_592" id="Page_592">[Pg 592]</a></span> </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Lamarck</span> * (Jean Baptiste) Histoire naturelle des <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbres</i> -présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, +<span class="smcap">Lamarck</span> * (Jean Baptiste) Histoire naturelle des <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbres</i> +présentant les caractères généraux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, &c. tom. 7. A Paris 1815—. 8vo. </p> @@ -28972,13 +28931,13 @@ and Georgia in the years 1806-8. 3 vols. London 1810. 8vo. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Latreille</span> (Pierre André) * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>nat</i>urelle générale et particulière des -crustacés et des insectes, tom. 14. Paris 1802—. 8vo. +<span class="smcap">Latreille</span> (Pierre André) * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>nat</i>urelle générale et particulière des +crustacés et des insectes, tom. 14. Paris 1802—. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>nat</i>urelle <i>des fourmis</i> et recueil des mémoires et d'observations -sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. A Paris 1802. 8vo. +———— * <i>Hist</i>oire <i>nat</i>urelle <i>des fourmis</i> et recueil des mémoires et d'observations +sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. A Paris 1802. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -28988,13 +28947,13 @@ tom. 4. Parisiis et Argentorati 1806—. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— <i>Fam</i>illes <i>nat</i>urelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et +———— <i>Fam</i>illes <i>nat</i>urelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, avec l'indication de leurs genres. A Paris 1825. 8vo. </p> <p> ———— et De Jean (Baron) * Histoire naturelle et iconographie des insectes -<i>Coleoptères d'Europe</i>. A Paris 1822—. 8vo. +<i>Coleoptères d'Europe</i>. A Paris 1822—. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29004,16 +28963,16 @@ figures, &c. London 1817—. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Leeuwenhoek</i> (Antonio) Arcana naturæ detecta. Delphis Batavor. 1695. 4to. +<i>Leeuwenhoek</i> (Antonio) Arcana naturæ detecta. Delphis Batavor. 1695. 4to. </p> <p> -————— Arcana naturæ opes et beneficio exquisitissimorum microscopiorum +————— Arcana naturæ opes et beneficio exquisitissimorum microscopiorum detecta variisque experimentis demonstrata, &c. Lugd. Batav. 1696. 4to. </p> <p> -————— <i>Epist</i>olæ physiologicæ super compluribus naturæ arcanis, &c. Delphis 1719. 4to. +————— <i>Epist</i>olæ physiologicæ super compluribus naturæ arcanis, &c. Delphis 1719. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29024,7 +28983,7 @@ editions published by the author, by Samuel Hoole. 2 vols. London 1798. 4to. <p> <i>Lehmann</i> (Mart. Christ. Gottl.) <i>De</i> <i>sens</i>ibus <i>extern</i>is <i>animal</i>ium <i>exsang</i>uium, -insectorum scilicet et vermium, commentatio. Gottingæ 1798. +insectorum scilicet et vermium, commentatio. Gottingæ 1798. </p> <p> @@ -29038,7 +28997,7 @@ Jamaica</i> during the years 1792-7. 2 vols. London 1799. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Lesser</i> (Friedr. Christ.) Théologie des insectes, ou demonstration des perfections +<i>Lesser</i> (Friedr. Christ.) Théologie des insectes, ou demonstration des perfections de Dieu dans tout ce que concerne les insectes, &c. Avec des ramarques de M. P. Lyonnet. (<i>Lesser</i> L.) tom. 2. A la Haye 1742. 8vo. </p> @@ -29063,15 +29022,15 @@ auctionis lege distrahendarum. (<i>Catal. Ham.</i>) Hamburgi 1794. </p> <p> -LINNE' (Carl. Von) * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Nat</i>uræ per regna tria naturæ secundum +LINNE' (Carl. Von) * <i>Syst</i>ema <i>Nat</i>uræ per regna tria naturæ secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, -locis. Ed. 13. tom. 3. Vindobonæ 1767—. 8vo. +locis. Ed. 13. tom. 3. Vindobonæ 1767—. 8vo. </p> <p> -——— * <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Suec</i>ica. Sistens animalia Sueciæ regni, Mammalia, +——— * <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Suec</i>ica. Sistens animalia Sueciæ regni, Mammalia, Aves, Amphibia, Pisces, Insecta, Vermes distributa per classes, &c. -Ed. altera. Stockholmiæ 1761. 8vo. +Ed. altera. Stockholmiæ 1761. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29081,33 +29040,33 @@ secundum systema sexuale, collectas in itinere &c. anno 1732 instituto, </p> <p> -——— Skanska resa, fürrättad ar 1749. (<i>It. Scan.</i>) Stockholm 1751. 8vo. +——— Skanska resa, fürrättad ar 1749. (<i>It. Scan.</i>) Stockholm 1751. 8vo. </p> <p> ——— <i>Lach</i>esis <i>Lapp</i>onica, or a tour in Lapland, now first published -from the original MS. Journal of the celebrated Linnæus, by Sir +from the original MS. Journal of the celebrated Linnæus, by Sir J. E. Smith. 2 vols. (<i>Lach. Lapp.</i>) London 1811. 8vo. </p> <p> -——— <i>Amœn</i>itates <i>Academ</i>icæ, seu dissertationes variæ physicæ, medicæ, -botanicæ antehac seorsim editæ, nunc collectæ et auctæ, &c. +——— <i>Amœn</i>itates <i>Academ</i>icæ, seu dissertationes variæ physicæ, medicæ, +botanicæ antehac seorsim editæ, nunc collectæ et auctæ, &c. tom. 7. Lugd. Bat. 1749—. 8vo. </p> <p> ——— * <i>Philos</i>ophia <i>Botan</i>ica in qua explicantur fundamenta botanica, cum definitionibus partium, exemplis terminorum, observationibus -rariorum, &c. ed. 2da. Viennæ 1783. 8vo. +rariorum, &c. ed. 2da. Viennæ 1783. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Lister</i> (Martin, M.D.) * <i>Hist</i>oriæ <i>anim</i>alium <i>Ang</i>liæ tractatus <i>de</i> <i>Aran</i>eis. Londini 1678. 4to. +<i>Lister</i> (Martin, M.D.) * <i>Hist</i>oriæ <i>anim</i>alium <i>Ang</i>liæ tractatus <i>de</i> <i>Aran</i>eis. Londini 1678. 4to. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Lyonet</span> (Pierre) * <i>Trait</i>é <i>anat</i>omique de la chenille qui ronge le bois de +<span class="smcap">Lyonet</span> (Pierre) * <i>Trait</i>é <i>anat</i>omique de la chenille qui ronge le bois de saule, &c. A la Haye 1762. 4to. </p> @@ -29118,19 +29077,19 @@ years 1802-3, giving a particular account of the Bahama islands. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">MacLeay</span> (William Sharp) * <i>Hor</i>æ <i>Entomolog</i>icæ, or essays on the annulose +<span class="smcap">MacLeay</span> (William Sharp) * <i>Hor</i>æ <i>Entomolog</i>icæ, or essays on the annulose animals. </p> <blockquote><p> Vol. 1. Part I. containing general observations on the geography, manners, and natural affinities of the insects which compose the genus -<i>Scarabæus</i> of Linnæus, &c. London 1819. 8vo. +<i>Scarabæus</i> of Linnæus, &c. London 1819. 8vo. </p> <p> Vol. 1. Part II. containing an attempt to ascertain the rank and -situation which the celebrated Egyptian insect, <i>Scarabæus sacer</i>, holds +situation which the celebrated Egyptian insect, <i>Scarabæus sacer</i>, holds amongst organized beings. London 1821. 8vo. </p></blockquote> @@ -29147,8 +29106,8 @@ amongst organized beings. London 1821. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Marsham</i> (Thomas) * <i>Ent</i>omologia <i>Brit</i>annica (<i>E. B.</i>) sistens insecta Britanniæ -indigena secundum methodum Linnæanam disposita. tom. 1. +<i>Marsham</i> (Thomas) * <i>Ent</i>omologia <i>Brit</i>annica (<i>E. B.</i>) sistens insecta Britanniæ +indigena secundum methodum Linnæanam disposita. tom. 1. Coleoptera. Londini 1802. 8vo.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_594" id="Page_594">[Pg 594]</a></span> </p> @@ -29173,22 +29132,22 @@ Holy Scripture. London 1749. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Meigen</i> (Johann. Wilhelm.) * Nouvelle classification des mouches à -deux ailes (<i>Diptera</i> L.) d'après un plan tout nouveau. A Paris 1800. 8vo. +<i>Meigen</i> (Johann. Wilhelm.) * Nouvelle classification des mouches à +deux ailes (<i>Diptera</i> L.) d'après un plan tout nouveau. A Paris 1800. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * Systematische beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen -zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 5. Aachen. Hamm. 1818-1826. 8vo. +———— * Systematische beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen +zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 5. Aachen. Hamm. 1818-1826. 8vo. </p> <p> <i>Merian</i> (Maria Sibylla) * Metamorphosis insectorum <i>Surinam</i>ensium. In -qua erucæ et vermes ad vivum delineantur et describuntur, &c. Amstelod. 1705. fol. +qua erucæ et vermes ad vivum delineantur et describuntur, &c. Amstelod. 1705. fol. </p> <p> -———— <i>Eruc</i>arum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis. Amstelæd. 1718. 4to. +———— <i>Eruc</i>arum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis. Amstelæd. 1718. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29196,7 +29155,7 @@ qua erucæ et vermes ad vivum delineantur et describuntur, &c. Amstelod. 1705 </p> <p> -<i>Moldenhawer</i> (Joh. Jac. Paul) Beyträge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>pflanz</i>en. Kiel 1812—. 4to. +<i>Moldenhawer</i> (Joh. Jac. Paul) Beyträge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>pflanz</i>en. Kiel 1812—. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29220,14 +29179,14 @@ and Bombay to the Persian gulf. London 1818. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Müller</i> (Otto. Frideric.) <i>Zool</i>ogia <i>Dan</i>ica seu animalium Daniæ et Norvegiæ -rariorum ac minùs notorum descriptiones et historia. vol. 2. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1779—. 8vo. +<i>Müller</i> (Otto. Frideric.) <i>Zool</i>ogia <i>Dan</i>ica seu animalium Daniæ et Norvegiæ +rariorum ac minùs notorum descriptiones et historia. vol. 2. Hafniæ et Lipsiæ 1779—. 8vo. </p> <p> <i>Olivier</i> (Guill. Antoin.) * <i>Entom</i>ologie, ou histoire naturelle des insectes, -avec leur caractères génériques et specifiques, leur description, leur -synonymie, et leur figure enluminée. Coleoptères, tom. 8. A Paris 1789—. 4to. +avec leur caractères génériques et specifiques, leur description, leur +synonymie, et leur figure enluminée. Coleoptères, tom. 8. A Paris 1789—. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29247,13 +29206,13 @@ and attributes of the Deity collected from the appearances of nature. </p> <p> -<i>Pallas</i> (Peter Simon) Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novæ imprimis atque -obscuræ animalium species describuntur, et observationibus iconibusque -illustrantur. Hagæ Com. 1766—. 4to. +<i>Pallas</i> (Peter Simon) Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novæ imprimis atque +obscuræ animalium species describuntur, et observationibus iconibusque +illustrantur. Hagæ Com. 1766—. 4to. </p> <p> -——— <i>N</i>eue <i>nord</i>ische <i>beytr</i>äge zur physikalischen und geographischen erd +——— <i>N</i>eue <i>nord</i>ische <i>beytr</i>äge zur physikalischen und geographischen erd und volkerbeschreibung, naturgeschichte und oekonomie. (<i>N. Nord. Beytr.</i>) St. Petersburg und Leipzig 1781—, 8vo. </p> @@ -29264,7 +29223,7 @@ the years 1793, 1794. (E. Tr.) 2 vols. Leipsig 1801. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Panzer</i> (Georg. Wolfgang Franz. M.D.) * <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>æ insectorum <i>Germ</i>anicæ +<i>Panzer</i> (Georg. Wolfgang Franz. M.D.) * <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>æ insectorum <i>Germ</i>anicæ <i>init</i>ia. Deutschland's insekten. Heft l—109. (<i>Fn. Germ.</i>) Nurnberg. </p> @@ -29294,16 +29253,16 @@ its inhabitants. London 1803. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Persoon</i> (Christian. Henric.) <i>Synops</i>is <i>meth</i>odica <i>fung</i>orum, &c. Gottingæ 1801—. 12mo. +<i>Persoon</i> (Christian. Henric.) <i>Synops</i>is <i>meth</i>odica <i>fung</i>orum, &c. Gottingæ 1801—. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Pezold</i> (Ch. Ph.) Lepidopterologische anfangsgründe zum gebrauch augehender +<i>Pezold</i> (Ch. Ph.) Lepidopterologische anfangsgründe zum gebrauch augehender schmetterlingssommler. Coburg 1796. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Piso</i> (Gulielmus, M.D.) De <i>Ind</i>iæ utriusque re naturali et medica, &c. Amstelædami 1558. fol. +<i>Piso</i> (Gulielmus, M.D.) De <i>Ind</i>iæ utriusque re naturali et medica, &c. Amstelædami 1558. fol. </p> <p> @@ -29311,11 +29270,11 @@ schmetterlingssommler. Coburg 1796. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Posselt</i> (Carl Friederich) Beytræge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>ins</i>ekten. Tubingen 1804. 4to. +<i>Posselt</i> (Carl Friederich) Beytræge zur <i>anat</i>omie <i>der</i> <i>ins</i>ekten. Tubingen 1804. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Preysler</i> (Johann. Daniel) Verzeichniss <i>Böhmisch</i>er <i>insekt</i>en. Prag. 1790. 4to. +<i>Preysler</i> (Johann. Daniel) Verzeichniss <i>Böhmisch</i>er <i>insekt</i>en. Prag. 1790. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29346,7 +29305,7 @@ et descriptas complectens. Londini 1686. fol. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Ray</span> (John) * <i>Hist</i>oria <i>Ins</i>ectorum, cui subjungitur appendix de Scarabæis +<span class="smcap">Ray</span> (John) * <i>Hist</i>oria <i>Ins</i>ectorum, cui subjungitur appendix de Scarabæis Britannicis autore M. Lister. Londini 1710. 4to. </p> @@ -29357,18 +29316,18 @@ Willughby, Esq. published by W. Derham. London 1718. 8vo. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Reaumur</span> (René Antoine Ferchault de) * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire +<span class="smcap">Reaumur</span> (René Antoine Ferchault de) * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes. tom. 6. A Paris 1734—. 4to. </p> <p> <i>Redi</i> (Franciscus) <i>Opusc</i>ulorum pars prior sive experimenta circa generationem -insectorum, &c. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo. +insectorum, &c. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo. </p> <p> —— <i>Opusc</i>ulorum tomus alter. Experimenta circa varias res naturales -speciatim illas quæ ex Indiis afferuntur. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo. +speciatim illas quæ ex Indiis afferuntur. Amstelæd. 1686. 18mo. </p> <p> @@ -29381,18 +29340,18 @@ zootomica <i>de</i> <i>insector</i>um <i>genital</i>ibus. Turici 1820. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Roemer</i> (Johann. Jacob) * <i>Genera</i> insectorum Linnæi et Fabricii iconibus +<i>Roemer</i> (Johann. Jacob) * <i>Genera</i> insectorum Linnæi et Fabricii iconibus illustrata. Vitodur. Helvetor. 1789. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Rösel von Rosenh</i>off (August. Johann.) * Der monatlich-herausgegeben +<i>Rösel von Rosenh</i>off (August. Johann.) * Der monatlich-herausgegeben insecten belustigung. Nurnberg 1746—. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Rossi</i> (Petrus) <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Etrusc</i>a sistens insecta quæ in provinciis Florentina -et Pisana præsertim colligit. Liburni 1790. 4to. +<i>Rossi</i> (Petrus) <i>F</i>au<i>n</i>a <i>Etrusc</i>a sistens insecta quæ in provinciis Florentina +et Pisana præsertim colligit. Liburni 1790. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29425,7 +29384,7 @@ use of medical students and men of letters. London 1824. 12mo. </p> <p> -<i>Sauvages</i> (François Boisier de) Observations sur l'origin de miel. Nismes 1763. +<i>Sauvages</i> (François Boisier de) Observations sur l'origin de miel. Nismes 1763. </p> <p> @@ -29434,12 +29393,12 @@ communissima nella pianura Pisana. Bologna 1817. </p> <p> -<span class="smcap">Savigny</span> (Jules César) * Mémoires sur les <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbr</i>es. Parties +<span class="smcap">Savigny</span> (Jules César) * Mémoires sur les <i>anim</i>aux <i>sans vertèbr</i>es. Parties I. II. A Paris 1816. 8vo. </p> <p> -———– <i>Système des Annelides</i> principalement de celles des côtes de l'Egypte +———– <i>Système des Annelides</i> principalement de celles des côtes de l'Egypte et de la Syrie<a name="FNanchor_1687_1687" id="FNanchor_1687_1687"></a><a href="#Footnote_1687_1687" class="fnanchor">[1687]</a>. fol. </p> @@ -29447,13 +29406,13 @@ et de la Syrie<a name="FNanchor_1687_1687" id="FNanchor_1687_1687"></a><a href=" <i>Scheele</i> (Charles William) Chemical observations and experiments <i>on air and fire</i>. (E. Tr.) London 1780. 8vo. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_597" id="Page_597">[Pg 597]</a></span> -<i>Schellenberg</i> (J. R.) * <i>Cimic</i>um in Helvetiæ aquis et terris degentium genus +<i>Schellenberg</i> (J. R.) * <i>Cimic</i>um in Helvetiæ aquis et terris degentium genus in familias redactum observationibus et iconibus ad naturam delineatis illustratum. Turici 1800. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— * Genres de <i>mouches</i> Diptères representés en <span class="smcap">xlii</span> planches. Zuric 1803. 8vo. +———— * Genres de <i>mouches</i> Diptères representés en <span class="smcap">xlii</span> planches. Zuric 1803. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29462,43 +29421,43 @@ schmetterlinge. Halle 1787. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Schönherr</i> (C. J.) * <i>Synonym</i>a insectorum, oder versuch einer synonymie +<i>Schönherr</i> (C. J.) * <i>Synonym</i>a insectorum, oder versuch einer synonymie aller bisher bekannten insecten nach Fabricii <i>Systema Eleutheratorum</i> geordnet, tom. 3. Stockholm 1806. 8vo. </p> <p> ———— * <i>Curcul</i>ionidum dispositio methodica cum generum characteribus, -descriptionibus atque observationibus variis. Lipsiæ. 1826. 8vo. +descriptionibus atque observationibus variis. Lipsiæ. 1826. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Schrank</i> (Franciscus de Paula) <i>Enum</i>eratio <i>ins</i>ectorum <i>Austr</i>ia, indigenorum. Augustæ Vindelicorum 1781. 8vo. +<i>Schrank</i> (Franciscus de Paula) <i>Enum</i>eratio <i>ins</i>ectorum <i>Austr</i>ia, indigenorum. Augustæ Vindelicorum 1781. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Schwenckfeeld</i> (Caspar, M.D.) <i>Theriotroph</i>eum <i>Siles</i>iæ, in quo animalium, +<i>Schwenckfeeld</i> (Caspar, M.D.) <i>Theriotroph</i>eum <i>Siles</i>iæ, in quo animalium, h.e. quadrupedum, reptilium, avium, piscium, insectorum natura, vis, et usus sex libris perstringuntur. Lignicii 1603. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Scopoli</i> (Johann. Anton.) <i>Ent</i>omologia <i>Carniol</i>ica exhibens insecta Carnioliæ +<i>Scopoli</i> (Johann. Anton.) <i>Ent</i>omologia <i>Carniol</i>ica exhibens insecta Carnioliæ indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates -methodo Linneana. (<i>Ent. Carniol.</i>) Vindobonæ 1763. 8vo. +methodo Linneana. (<i>Ent. Carniol.</i>) Vindobonæ 1763. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— Anni historico-naturales. Lipsiæ 1769—. 8vo. +———— Anni historico-naturales. Lipsiæ 1769—. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Scriba</i> (Ludwig Gottlieb.) Beiträge zu der insekten geschichte. Frankfurt 1790—. 4to. +<i>Scriba</i> (Ludwig Gottlieb.) Beiträge zu der insekten geschichte. Frankfurt 1790—. 4to. </p> <p> <i>Sendelius</i> (Nathanel) Historia succinorum corpora aliena involventium, -&c. Lipsiæ 1742. fol. +&c. Lipsiæ 1742. fol. </p> <p> @@ -29549,7 +29508,7 @@ collected from the observations of John <i>Abbott</i>. 2 vols. London 1797. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Sorg</i> (F. L. A. W.) Disquisitiones physiologicæ circa <i>respirat</i>ionem <i>insect</i>orum +<i>Sorg</i> (F. L. A. W.) Disquisitiones physiologicæ circa <i>respirat</i>ionem <i>insect</i>orum <i>et</i> <i>verm</i>ium. Rudolst. 1805. 12mo. </p> @@ -29594,7 +29553,7 @@ und in der befrucktung der blumen. Berlin 1793. 4to. <p> <i>Sprengel</i> (Curtius) * <i>Commentar</i>ius de partibus quibus insecta spiritus -ducunt. Lipsiæ 1805. 4to. +ducunt. Lipsiæ 1805. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29622,22 +29581,22 @@ husbandry, and physick, translated from the Latin. 2nd ed. London 1762. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Stoever</i> (D. H.) The life of Sir Charles Linnæus; to which is added a +<i>Stoever</i> (D. H.) The life of Sir Charles Linnæus; to which is added a copious list of his works, and a biographical sketch of the life of his son. (E. Tr.) London 1794. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Stoll</i> (Caspar) * Représentation exactement colorée d'après nature des +<i>Stoll</i> (Caspar) * Représentation exactement colorée d'après nature des <i>cigales</i> qui se trouvent dans les quatre parties du monde, &c. Amsterdam 1788. 4to. </p> <p> -——– * Représentation, &c. des <i>punaises</i> ditto. Amsterdam 1788. 4to. +——– * Représentation, &c. des <i>punaises</i> ditto. Amsterdam 1788. 4to. </p> <p> -——– * Représentation, &c. des <i>spectres</i> ou phasmes, et des mantes ou des +——– * Représentation, &c. des <i>spectres</i> ou phasmes, et des mantes ou des feuilles ambulantes, des <i>sauterelles</i>, des <i>grillons</i>, des <i>criquets</i> et des <i>blattes</i>, &c. Amsterdam 1813. 4to. </p> @@ -29659,7 +29618,7 @@ with copper-plates. (E. Tr.) [Swamm. <i>Bibl. Nat.</i> Hills. <i>Swamm.</i>] Lon </p> <p> -<i>Thenard</i> (L. J.) <i>Traité de Chimie élémentaire</i> théorique et pratique. tom. 2. A Paris 1813. 8vo. +<i>Thenard</i> (L. J.) <i>Traité de Chimie élémentaire</i> théorique et pratique. tom. 2. A Paris 1813. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29681,11 +29640,11 @@ between the years 1770 and 1779. (E. Tr.) 4 vols. London 1795. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Trost</i> (P.) Kleinen <i>Beyträge</i> zur Entomologie, &c. Erlangen 1801. 8vo. +<i>Trost</i> (P.) Kleinen <i>Beyträge</i> zur Entomologie, &c. Erlangen 1801. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Tulpius</i> (Nicolaus) <i>Obs</i>ervationes <i>med</i>icæ. Amstelæd. 1652. 8vo. +<i>Tulpius</i> (Nicolaus) <i>Obs</i>ervationes <i>med</i>icæ. Amstelæd. 1652. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29721,14 +29680,14 @@ storia. Ed. 2. In Padova 1726. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Walckenaer</i> (C. A.) * Tableau des <i>Aranéïdes</i>, ou caractères essentielles des -tribus, gènres, familles, et races que renforme le gènre <i>Aranea</i> de -Linné, avec la designation des espèces comprises dans chacun de ces +<i>Walckenaer</i> (C. A.) * Tableau des <i>Aranéïdes</i>, ou caractères essentielles des +tribus, gènres, familles, et races que renforme le gènre <i>Aranea</i> de +Linné, avec la designation des espèces comprises dans chacun de ces divisions. Paris 1805. 8vo. </p> <p> -————— * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des abeilles solitaires +————— * Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des abeilles solitaires qui composent le genre <i>Halicte</i>. Paris 1817. 8vo. </p> @@ -29762,11 +29721,11 @@ of Upper and Lower Canada in the years 1795 and 1797. London 1799. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Wiedemann</i> (C. R. W.) <i>Archiv.</i> für zoologie & zootomie. Berlin und Brunschweig. 1800—. +<i>Wiedemann</i> (C. R. W.) <i>Archiv.</i> für zoologie & zootomie. Berlin und Brunschweig. 1800—. </p> <p> -—————– Diptera exotica: Pars I. Kiliæ 1821. 12mo. +—————– Diptera exotica: Pars I. Kiliæ 1821. 12mo. </p> <p> @@ -29778,7 +29737,7 @@ of Upper and Lower Canada in the years 1795 and 1797. London 1799. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Willdenow</i> (Carl. Ludwig.) <i>Grundriss</i> der kräturkunde. Berlin 1792. 8vo. +<i>Willdenow</i> (Carl. Ludwig.) <i>Grundriss</i> der kräturkunde. Berlin 1792. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29834,7 +29793,7 @@ promoting useful knowledge. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Mémoires</i> de l'Academie royale des sciences. A Paris. 4to. +<i>Mémoires</i> de l'Academie royale des sciences. A Paris. 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29843,19 +29802,19 @@ arts. 8vo. </p> <p> -———— de l'Academie royale des sciences à Turin. 4to. +———— de l'Academie royale des sciences à Turin. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Ann</i>ales <i>du</i> <i>Mus</i>éum national d'histoire naturelle. 4to. +<i>Ann</i>ales <i>du</i> <i>Mus</i>éum national d'histoire naturelle. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Mém</i>oires <i>du</i> <i>Mus</i>éum national d'histoire naturelle. 4to. +<i>Mém</i>oires <i>du</i> <i>Mus</i>éum national d'histoire naturelle. 4to. </p> <p> -<i>Acta</i> physico-medica Academiæ Cæsareæ naturæ curiosorum. (<i>Nova +<i>Acta</i> physico-medica Academiæ Cæsareæ naturæ curiosorum. (<i>Nova Acta</i>, <i>Ephemerides</i>, &c.) 4to. </p> @@ -29874,7 +29833,7 @@ Suecana. (<i>Act. Stock.</i>) 8vo. <blockquote style="text-indent:-1em"> <p> -<i>Annals</i> of botany (König and Sims). 4to. +<i>Annals</i> of botany (König and Sims). 4to. </p> <p> @@ -29882,7 +29841,7 @@ Suecana. (<i>Act. Stock.</i>) 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Annales</i> de chimie, ou recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie et les +<i>Annales</i> de chimie, ou recueil de mémoires concernant la chimie et les arts qui en dependent. Paris. 8vo. </p> @@ -29891,7 +29850,7 @@ arts qui en dependent. Paris. 8vo. </p> <p> -<i>Bulletin</i> des sciences naturelles et de géologie (De Ferussac). 8vo. +<i>Bulletin</i> des sciences naturelles et de géologie (De Ferussac). 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29911,11 +29870,11 @@ arts qui en dependent. Paris. 8vo. </p> <p> -——— de physique (Abbé Rozier, &c.). 4to. +——— de physique (Abbé Rozier, &c.). 4to. </p> <p> -——— für die liehaber der entomologie (Scriba). 8vo. +——— für die liehaber der entomologie (Scriba). 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29936,7 +29895,7 @@ N. Series. </p> <p> -———– Neuestes für die liehabers der entomologie (<i>Schneider</i>). 8vo. +———– Neuestes für die liehabers der entomologie (<i>Schneider</i>). 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29944,12 +29903,12 @@ N. Series. </p> <p> -———– für das neueste aus der physik und naturgeschichte, &c. (<i>Lichtenberg</i> +———– für das neueste aus der physik und naturgeschichte, &c. (<i>Lichtenberg</i> & <i>Voigt</i>). 8vo. </p> <p> -———– * für insektenkunde (Illiger). 8vo. +———– * für insektenkunde (Illiger). 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29958,7 +29917,7 @@ N. Series. </p> <p> -———– <i>Encyclopédique</i>, ou Journal des sciences, des lettres et des arts. 8vo. +———– <i>Encyclopédique</i>, ou Journal des sciences, des lettres et des arts. 8vo. </p> <p> @@ -29999,7 +29958,7 @@ Systematisches <i>verzeich</i>niss der schmetterlinge der <i>Wiener</i>gegend, & </p> <p> -<i>Encyclopædia</i> Britannica. 4to.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_603" id="Page_603">[Pg 603]</a></span> +<i>Encyclopædia</i> Britannica. 4to.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_603" id="Page_603">[Pg 603]</a></span> </p></blockquote> <hr /> @@ -30021,7 +29980,7 @@ Systematisches <i>verzeich</i>niss der schmetterlinge der <i>Wiener</i>gegend, & <td class="center2">1.</td> <td class="c2">Part of the interior of <i>Cossus ligniperda</i>. (Lyonet.) <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>. The spinal chord and its ganglions. <i>d.</i> The nerves. -<i>e.</i> The bronchiæ connected with the trachea.</td> +<i>e.</i> The bronchiæ connected with the trachea.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -30032,7 +29991,7 @@ Systematisches <i>verzeich</i>niss der schmetterlinge der <i>Wiener</i>gegend, & <tr> <td class="center2">3.</td> <td class="c2">Another view of the interior of ditto. (Ibid.) <i>a.</i> Trachea. -<i>b.</i> Bronchiæ. c. Œsophagus. d. Ventricle or stomach. +<i>b.</i> Bronchiæ. c. Œsophagus. d. Ventricle or stomach. <i>e.</i> The lower intestines, f f. The bile vessels. g. <i>Sericterium</i>, or silk reservoir. h. <i>Sialisterium</i>, or saliva vessel.</td> @@ -30040,7 +29999,7 @@ vessel.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">4.</td> - <td class="c2">Part of one of the tracheæ of ditto, to show its coats and + <td class="c2">Part of one of the tracheæ of ditto, to show its coats and spiral thread. (Ibid.) <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -30110,7 +30069,7 @@ of the oviduct.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">3, 4.</td> - <td class="c2">Larvæ as arranged in the body of two species of viviparous + <td class="c2">Larvæ as arranged in the body of two species of viviparous flies. (Reaum.) <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> I. p. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_257">257</a>; IV. p. <a href="#Page_170">170</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -30178,7 +30137,7 @@ metapnystega. Ibid. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_572">572</a>.< <tr> <td class="center2">15.</td> - <td class="c2">The pseudocardia, or dorsal vessel of <i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>. + <td class="c2">The pseudocardia, or dorsal vessel of <i>Stratyomis Chamæleon</i>. (Swamm.)</td> </tr> @@ -30245,7 +30204,7 @@ to show the alula. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> II. p. <a href="../../43577/4 <tr> <td class="center2">8.</td> - <td class="c2">Posterior extremity of a pupa, to show the <i>cremastræ</i>, or + <td class="c2">Posterior extremity of a pupa, to show the <i>cremastræ</i>, or hooks by which it is suspended. <i>a.</i> Hooks. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>; IV. p. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -30480,7 +30439,7 @@ twelve to the inch.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">19.</td> - <td class="c2">———– capillaceous, and suddenly incrassate. (Stöll.)</td> + <td class="c2">———– capillaceous, and suddenly incrassate. (Stöll.)</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -30666,7 +30625,7 @@ twelve to the inch.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">18.</td> - <td class="c2">————– <i>Eurhynchus lævior.</i></td> + <td class="c2">————– <i>Eurhynchus lævior.</i></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31023,7 +30982,7 @@ Atropos</i>.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">35.</td> - <td class="c2">———— intermediate tibia. <i>Cimbex Vitellinæ.</i></td> + <td class="c2">———— intermediate tibia. <i>Cimbex Vitellinæ.</i></td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31069,7 +31028,7 @@ notch in the first tarsal joint.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">44.</td> - <td class="c2">——————— <i>Phanæus</i>.</td> + <td class="c2">——————— <i>Phanæus</i>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31100,7 +31059,7 @@ tarsus. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/435 <tr> <td class="center2">50.</td> - <td class="c2">Pecten of <i>Scorpio europæus</i>.</td> + <td class="c2">Pecten of <i>Scorpio europæus</i>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31115,7 +31074,7 @@ tarsus. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/435 <tr> <td class="center2">53.</td> - <td class="c2">Pulvilli and claws of the <i>Asilidæ</i>.</td> + <td class="c2">Pulvilli and claws of the <i>Asilidæ</i>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31241,7 +31200,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_618">618</a>.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">11.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_612" id="Page_612">[Pg 612]</a></span></td> <td class="c2">Alitrunk and part of tegmina and wings of <i>Fulgora laternaria</i>. -Postfrænum funiculate, with an elastic part +Postfrænum funiculate, with an elastic part marked a. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_558">558</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -31327,12 +31286,12 @@ marked a. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/4 <tr> <td class="center2">2.</td> - <td class="c2">———– <i>Scorpio europæus</i>. (Ibid).</td> + <td class="c2">———– <i>Scorpio europæus</i>. (Ibid).</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="center2">3.</td> - <td class="c2">Aëriducts of larva of <i>Ephemera fusco grisea</i>. (De Geer.) + <td class="c2">Aëriducts of larva of <i>Ephemera fusco grisea</i>. (De Geer.) <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -31353,26 +31312,26 @@ marked a. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/4 <tr> <td class="center2">7.</td> - <td class="c2">Thread-like ditto of the upper and under side of the larvæ + <td class="c2">Thread-like ditto of the upper and under side of the larvæ of <i>Trichoptera</i>. (Ibid.) Ibid. p. <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="center2">8.</td> <td class="c2">Part of the body of the larva of a <i>Libellula</i>, laid open to show -the tracheæ. (Reaum.) <i>a. a. a.</i> Tracheæ. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</td> +the tracheæ. (Reaum.) <i>a. a. a.</i> Tracheæ. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="center2">9.</td> <td class="c2">Part of the imago of ditto. (Ibid.) <i>a.</i> Vesicles that -terminate the tracheæ. <i>b.</i> Oblong ditto. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</td> +terminate the tracheæ. <i>b.</i> Oblong ditto. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="center2">10.</td> <td class="c2">Pupa of <i>Corethra culiciformis</i>. (De Geer.) <i>a. b.</i> Vesicles -connected with the tracheæ. <i>c.</i> Tail. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</td> +connected with the tracheæ. <i>c.</i> Tail. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31396,7 +31355,7 @@ produce their noise. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> II. p. <a href="../../43577 <tr> <td class="center2">14.</td> - <td class="c2">Underside of part of the alitrunk of <i>Lygæus sexmaculatus</i> + <td class="c2">Underside of part of the alitrunk of <i>Lygæus sexmaculatus</i> K. <i>MS.</i> b. Branchiform apparatus between the scapula and parapleura. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</td> </tr> @@ -31420,7 +31379,7 @@ or bristles. <a href="#Page_45">Ibid</a>.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">18.</td> - <td class="c2">Part of the trachea and bronchiæ of the pupa of <i>Smerinthus + <td class="c2">Part of the trachea and bronchiæ of the pupa of <i>Smerinthus Populi</i>. (Ibid.)</td> </tr> @@ -31438,7 +31397,7 @@ Populi</i>. (Ibid.)</td> <tr> <td class="center2">21.</td> <td class="c2">Pencil of hairs attached to a supposed respiratory plate -in certain <i>Noctuidæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</td> +in certain <i>Noctuidæ</i>. <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> IV. p. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</td> </tr> <tr> @@ -31475,7 +31434,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_714">714</a>.</td> <tr> <td class="center2">27.</td> - <td class="c2">Part of the ventral segments of the abdomen of <i>Lygæus + <td class="c2">Part of the ventral segments of the abdomen of <i>Lygæus compressipes</i>. <i>a.</i> Pseudo-spiracles.</td> </tr> @@ -31508,7 +31467,7 @@ of <i>Cossus ligniperda</i>. (Sprengel.)</td> <tr> <td class="center2">1.</td> <td class="c2">Brain, spinal chord and ganglions of a full-grown caterpillar -of <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>. <i>a.</i> The brain. <i>b.</i> The double +of <i>Pontia Brassicæ</i>. <i>a.</i> The brain. <i>b.</i> The double spinal chord. <i>c d.</i> Ganglions with a portion of their nerves.</td> </tr> @@ -31695,11 +31654,11 @@ Adminicula, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_254">254</a>; ii. <a h </li> <li> -Aëriductus, iv. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. +Aëriductus, iv. <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. </li> <li> -Alæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_616">616</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Alæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_616">616</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> @@ -31723,7 +31682,7 @@ Antefurca, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_368">368</a>, <a href=" </li> <li> -Antennæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_508">508</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. +Antennæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_508">508</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. </li> <li> @@ -31751,11 +31710,11 @@ Appendicula, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> -Areæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_595">595</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_605">605</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_621">621</a>. +Areæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_595">595</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_605">605</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_621">621</a>. </li> <li> -Areolæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_623">623</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_630">630</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Areolæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_623">623</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_630">630</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> @@ -31779,11 +31738,11 @@ Brachia, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_368">368</a>, <a href=".. </li> <li> -Branchiæ, iv. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>. +Branchiæ, iv. <a href="#Page_60">60</a>. </li> <li> -Bronchiæ, iv. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>. +Bronchiæ, iv. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>. </li> <li> @@ -31791,7 +31750,7 @@ Bulbus, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="../ </li> <li> -Bullæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_624">624</a>. +Bullæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_624">624</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -31827,7 +31786,7 @@ Cauda, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_388">388</a>; iv. <a href=" </li> <li> -Caudulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. +Caudulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. </li> <li> @@ -31915,7 +31874,7 @@ Coxa, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>, <a href="../.. </li> <li> -Cremastræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. +Cremastræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32030,7 +31989,7 @@ Facies, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> -Fæcifurca, iv. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. +Fæcifurca, iv. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32066,7 +32025,7 @@ Forfex, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. </li> <li> -Frænum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_557">557</a>. +Frænum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_557">557</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32099,7 +32058,7 @@ Gastrotheca, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_250">250</a>. </li> <li> -Genæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_487">487</a>. +Genæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_487">487</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32196,11 +32155,11 @@ Labrum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_354">354</a>, <a href="../ </li> <li> -Laminæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_362">362</a>. +Laminæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_362">362</a>. </li> <li> -Ligamenta <i>Nuchæ</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>. +Ligamenta <i>Nuchæ</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32224,11 +32183,11 @@ Lora, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_366">366</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Mammulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. +Mammulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. </li> <li> -Mandibulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_427">427</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Mandibulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_427">427</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32244,7 +32203,7 @@ Mastigia, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_150">150</a>; ii. <a hre </li> <li> -Maxillæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_438">438</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Maxillæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_438">438</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32345,9 +32304,9 @@ Neura <i>costalis</i>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_374">374</a </li> <li> -Neuræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_374">374</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.<br /> +Neuræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_374">374</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.<br />   <i>subcostales</i>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_375">375</a>.<br /> -  <i>spuriæ</i>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_376">376</a>. +  <i>spuriæ</i>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_376">376</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32417,11 +32376,11 @@ Palpi, iv. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br /> </li> <li> -Papillæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_401">401</a>. +Papillæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_401">401</a>. </li> <li> -Paraglossæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_358">358</a>. +Paraglossæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32495,7 +32454,7 @@ Plantula, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_385">385</a>. </li> <li> -Pleuræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_571">571</a>. +Pleuræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_571">571</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32515,7 +32474,7 @@ Postdorsolum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>, <a hre </li> <li> -Postfrænum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_570">570</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Postfrænum, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_570">570</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32639,7 +32598,7 @@ Rotula, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_428">428</a>, <a href="../ </li> <li> -Rumulæ, iv. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. +Rumulæ, iv. <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -32769,7 +32728,7 @@ Tegmina, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_372">372</a>, <a href=".. </li> <li> -Tegulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_376">376</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Tegulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_376">376</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32781,7 +32740,7 @@ Tendo, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_380">380</a>; ii. <a href=" </li> <li> -Terebellæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_390">390</a>. +Terebellæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_390">390</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32809,7 +32768,7 @@ Torulus, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>, <a href=".. </li> <li> -Tracheæ, iv. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>. +Tracheæ, iv. <a href="#Page_62">62</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32869,11 +32828,11 @@ Vaginula, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_389">389</a>. </li> <li> -Valvæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_389">389</a>. +Valvæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_389">389</a>. </li> <li> -Valvulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_361">361</a>. +Valvulæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32898,7 +32857,7 @@ Vertex, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="../ </li> <li> -Vesiculæ <i>respiratoriæ</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +Vesiculæ <i>respiratoriæ</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br />   <i>seminales</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_577">577</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_619" id="Page_619">[Pg 619]</a></span> </li> </ul> @@ -32909,7 +32868,7 @@ Vesiculæ <i>respiratoriæ</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> <ul class="index2"> <li> -Abbreviatus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Abbreviatus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32949,7 +32908,7 @@ Acuductus, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>. </li> <li> -Aculeiformis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Aculeiformis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32961,7 +32920,7 @@ Acutus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Adhærens, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Adhærens, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32973,7 +32932,7 @@ Adjunctus, C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> -Adnatus, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Adnatus, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -32981,27 +32940,27 @@ Aduncus, <i>D</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> -Æneus, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. +Æneus, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. </li> <li> -Æqualis, <i>f´´</i>, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Æqualis, <i>f´´</i>, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Æquatus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. +Æquatus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. </li> <li> -Æquidistantes, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Æquidistantes, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> -Æruginosus, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. +Æruginosus, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. </li> <li> -Alatus, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Alatus, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33009,7 +32968,7 @@ Albus, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>. </li> <li> -Aliformis, d´´, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Aliformis, d´´, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33021,7 +32980,7 @@ Ambiens, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. </li> <li> -Ambulatorius, <i>f´</i>, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Ambulatorius, <i>f´</i>, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33029,7 +32988,7 @@ Amethystinus, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. </li> <li> -Amplectens, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. +Amplectens, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33037,7 +32996,7 @@ Amplexus, A, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>. </li> <li> -Ampliatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Ampliatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33045,11 +33004,11 @@ Anceps, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>. </li> <li> -Aneurosus, f´´, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Aneurosus, f´´, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> -Angulatus, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Angulatus, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33057,10 +33016,10 @@ Anguloso-undulatus, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. </li> <li> -Angulus <i>humeralis</i>, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> -  <i>scutellaris</i>, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> -  <i>posterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> -  <i>analis</i>, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Angulus <i>humeralis</i>, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +  <i>scutellaris</i>, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +  <i>posterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +  <i>analis</i>, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33068,7 +33027,7 @@ Angustatus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. k, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>. </li> <li> -Angustus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Angustus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33080,11 +33039,11 @@ Annulus, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li> -Antenniformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Antenniformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> -Antepectoralis, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Antepectoralis, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33092,15 +33051,15 @@ Anterior, <i>h</i>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li> -Anticus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Anticus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> -Apertus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. <i>t´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. +Apertus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. <i>t´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. </li> <li> -Apex, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Apex, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33108,11 +33067,11 @@ Apiculatus, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>. </li> <li> -Appendiculatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. +Appendiculatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. </li> <li> -Applicans, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Applicans, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33128,11 +33087,11 @@ Arcuatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. </li> <li> -Areatus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Areatus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> -Areolatus, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Areolatus, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33160,7 +33119,7 @@ Articulus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. </li> <li> -Ascendens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Ascendens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33172,7 +33131,7 @@ Ater, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>. </li> <li> -Atmosphæra, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>. +Atmosphæra, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33196,7 +33155,7 @@ Auricula, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. </li> <li> -Auriculatus, k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Auriculatus, k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33212,7 +33171,7 @@ Barbatus, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Basis, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Basis, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33220,7 +33179,7 @@ Biarticulatus, k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Bicaudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Bicaudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33244,7 +33203,7 @@ Bipectinatus, k, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>. </li> <li> -Bisectus, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. +Bisectus, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33260,7 +33219,7 @@ Brevior, k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li> -Brevissimus, k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Brevissimus, k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33272,15 +33231,15 @@ Buccatus, A, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Cælatus, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>. +Cælatus, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>. </li> <li> -Cæruleus, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. +Cæruleus, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. </li> <li> -Cæsius, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. +Cæsius, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33288,7 +33247,7 @@ Calcar, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. </li> <li> -Calcaratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. +Calcaratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33312,7 +33271,7 @@ Canaliculatus, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>. </li> <li> -Canaliformis, <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Canaliformis, <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33376,11 +33335,11 @@ Catenulatus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li> -Caudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Caudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> -Centipes, <i>f´</i>, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Centipes, <i>f´</i>, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33400,7 +33359,7 @@ Chalybeus, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li> -Chelatus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Chelatus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33448,7 +33407,7 @@ Circumambiens, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. </li> <li> -Circumseptus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Circumseptus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33484,7 +33443,7 @@ Clepsydratus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> -Clypeatus, A, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. +Clypeatus, A, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33492,7 +33451,7 @@ Clypeiformis, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>. </li> <li> -Coalitus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. +Coalitus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33504,11 +33463,11 @@ Coccineus, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>. </li> <li> -Cœcus, <i>m´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. +Cœcus, <i>m´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> -Coleoptra, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Coleoptra, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33544,11 +33503,11 @@ Completus, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_67">67</a>. </li> <li> -Complicans, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_621" id="Page_621">[Pg 621]</a></span> +Complicans, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_621" id="Page_621">[Pg 621]</a></span> </li> <li> -Compositus, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. +Compositus, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33560,7 +33519,7 @@ Concavus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. </li> <li> -Conchiformis, <i>g´´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Conchiformis, <i>g´´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33584,11 +33543,11 @@ Connatus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. </li> <li> -Connectens, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Connectens, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> -Connivens, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Connivens, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33616,15 +33575,15 @@ Convexus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. </li> <li> -Convolutus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Convolutus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Convolvens, <i>d´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Convolvens, <i>d´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> -Corbiculatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Corbiculatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33649,7 +33608,7 @@ Cornu, <i>laminatum</i>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.<br /> </li> <li> -Coronatus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. +Coronatus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33657,7 +33616,7 @@ Corrugatus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li> -Costalis, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Costalis, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33693,15 +33652,15 @@ Croceus, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>. </li> <li> -Cruciato-complicatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Cruciato-complicatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> -Cruciato-incumbens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Cruciato-incumbens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> -Cruciatus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Cruciatus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33745,7 +33704,7 @@ Cupreus, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. </li> <li> -Cursorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Cursorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33769,7 +33728,7 @@ Deauratus, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li> -Deciduus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Deciduus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33789,11 +33748,11 @@ Decussatus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. </li> <li> -Deflexus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Deflexus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> -Dehiscens, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Dehiscens, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33805,11 +33764,11 @@ Dens, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. </li> <li> -Dentatus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. +Dentatus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Denudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. +Denudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33821,11 +33780,11 @@ Descendens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. </li> <li> -Detectus, <i>e´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Detectus, <i>e´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> -Deuteromesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. +Deuteromesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33841,11 +33800,11 @@ Dichotomus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. </li> <li> -Didymus, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Didymus, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> -Digitatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Digitatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33853,11 +33812,11 @@ Dilatatus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. k, <a href= </li> <li> -Dimerus, B, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>. <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Dimerus, B, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>. <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> -Dimidiatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Dimidiatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33865,7 +33824,7 @@ Dipterus, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> -Discoidalis, <i>d´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Discoidalis, <i>d´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33881,7 +33840,7 @@ Disjunctus, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. </li> <li> -Distans, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>r´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Distans, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>r´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33889,23 +33848,23 @@ Distichus, k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Distinctus, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. <i>D</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. +Distinctus, <a href="#Page_300">300</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. <i>D</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> -Divaricatus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Divaricatus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> -Divergens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Divergens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> -Dividens, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. +Dividens, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. </li> <li> -Dolabratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. +Dolabratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33913,7 +33872,7 @@ Dorsales, h, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. </li> <li> -Duplicatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Duplicatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33925,7 +33884,7 @@ Echinatus, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>. </li> <li> -Edentulus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Edentulus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33941,7 +33900,7 @@ Ellipticus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. </li> <li> -Elongatus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Elongatus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33953,7 +33912,7 @@ Emarginatus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. </li> <li> -Ensatus, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. +Ensatus, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33961,11 +33920,11 @@ Ensiformis, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Erecto-patens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Erecto-patens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> -Erectus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Erectus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33981,7 +33940,7 @@ Exarticulatus, k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Excalcaratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. +Excalcaratus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. </li> <li> @@ -33997,7 +33956,7 @@ Excurvus, k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li> -Exertus, A, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Exertus, A, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34013,7 +33972,7 @@ Exscutellatus, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> -Extensus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Extensus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34021,11 +33980,11 @@ Extraocularis, k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. </li> <li> -Extricatus, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Extricatus, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Falcatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Falcatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34048,7 +34007,7 @@ Fascia, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br /> </li> <li> -Fasciculatus, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. +Fasciculatus, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34056,7 +34015,7 @@ Fasciculus, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. </li> <li> -Fastigiatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Fastigiatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34064,11 +34023,11 @@ Fastigium, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Fenestratus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. <i>m´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. +Fenestratus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. <i>m´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> -Fenestrella, <i>d´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Fenestrella, <i>d´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34088,7 +34047,7 @@ Fimbriatus, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Findens, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. +Findens, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34096,7 +34055,7 @@ Fissus, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>. </li> <li> -Fixus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Fixus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34112,7 +34071,7 @@ Flexilis, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. </li> <li> -Flocculatus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Flocculatus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34120,7 +34079,7 @@ Fœtidus, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>. </li> <li> -Foliaceus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Foliaceus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34128,7 +34087,7 @@ Folliculus, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> -Forcipatus, b´, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Forcipatus, b´, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34136,7 +34095,7 @@ Fornicatus, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>. a, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> -Fossorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Fossorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34164,7 +34123,7 @@ Frontalis, i, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. </li> <li> -Fulcrans, <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Fulcrans, <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34184,7 +34143,7 @@ Fundus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Funiculatus, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Funiculatus, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34196,7 +34155,7 @@ Fuscus, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>. </li> <li> -Fusiformis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. +Fusiformis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -34228,7 +34187,7 @@ Globifer, k, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>. </li> <li> -Grabatus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. +Grabatus, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34256,11 +34215,11 @@ Hastatus, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>. </li> <li> -Heteromorphus, h´´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. +Heteromorphus, h´´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> -Hexaëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. +Hexaëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34292,7 +34251,7 @@ Holosericeus, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>. </li> <li> -Horizontalis, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Horizontalis, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34320,7 +34279,7 @@ Imperfectus, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>. </li> <li> -Inæqualis, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Inæqualis, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34344,15 +34303,15 @@ Inclusus, a, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> -Incrassatus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Incrassatus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> -Incompletus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>. +Incompletus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>. </li> <li> -Incumbens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Incumbens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34360,15 +34319,15 @@ Incurvus, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li> -Inermis, <i>b</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. +Inermis, <i>b</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>. </li> <li> -Inferior, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Inferior, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Inflatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +Inflatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34404,15 +34363,15 @@ Insula, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li> -Insulatus, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Insulatus, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> -Integer, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Integer, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> -Intercipiens, <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Intercipiens, <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34428,7 +34387,7 @@ Intervallum, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>. </li> <li> -Intrans, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. +Intrans, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34472,11 +34431,11 @@ Jubatus, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Lævigatus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. +Lævigatus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. </li> <li> -Lævis, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. +Lævis, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34484,7 +34443,7 @@ Laciniatus, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>. </li> <li> -Laciniformis, <i>g´´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Laciniformis, <i>g´´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34504,11 +34463,11 @@ Lageniformis, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>. </li> <li> -Lamellatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +Lamellatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> -Laminatus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Laminatus, <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34528,7 +34487,7 @@ Larva, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_63">63</a>. </li> <li> -Latens, <i>t´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. +Latens, <i>t´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34536,7 +34495,7 @@ Lateralis, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li> -Latus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Latus, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>. k, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34544,7 +34503,7 @@ Lenticularis, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>. </li> <li> -Liber, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. +Liber, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. <i>p´´</i>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34552,7 +34511,7 @@ Lignosus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. </li> <li> -Liguliformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. +Liguliformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34580,7 +34539,7 @@ Lineatus, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>. </li> <li> -Linguiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. +Linguiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34616,7 +34575,7 @@ Longus, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>. </li> <li> -Loricatus, <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Loricatus, <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34632,7 +34591,7 @@ Lunula, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>. </li> <li> -Lunulatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +Lunulatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34660,15 +34619,15 @@ Maculatus, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li> -Mammillatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +Mammillatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> -Mandibuliformis, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Mandibuliformis, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> -Maniformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Maniformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34676,7 +34635,7 @@ Margaritaceus, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>. </li> <li> -Marginalis, <i>d´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Marginalis, <i>d´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34685,9 +34644,9 @@ Marginatus, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>. <li> Margo, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> -  <i>exterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>, }<br /> -  <i>interior</i>, <i>f´´</i>,  }  <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> -  <i>posterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>,} +  <i>exterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>, }<br /> +  <i>interior</i>, <i>f´´</i>,  }  <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +  <i>posterior</i>, <i>f´´</i>,} </li> <li> @@ -34699,7 +34658,7 @@ Mediocris, k, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li> -Medipectoralis, <i>r´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_624" id="Page_624">[Pg 624]</a></span> +Medipectoralis, <i>r´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_624" id="Page_624">[Pg 624]</a></span> </li> <li> @@ -34707,7 +34666,7 @@ Medius, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li> -Melissæus, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>. +Melissæus, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34727,7 +34686,7 @@ Moniliformis, k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Monomerus, B, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>. <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Monomerus, B, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>. <i>q´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34735,7 +34694,7 @@ Moschatus, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>. </li> <li> -Motatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Motatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34771,7 +34730,7 @@ Murinus, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. </li> <li> -Mutilatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Mutilatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34779,15 +34738,15 @@ Myriapus, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> -Mystacinus, a´, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>. +Mystacinus, a´, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Natatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. C, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. +Natatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. C, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> -Navicularis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Navicularis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34801,7 +34760,7 @@ Nervulus, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.<br /> </li> <li> -Neurosus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Neurosus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34821,7 +34780,7 @@ Nodosus, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>. k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Nudus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. +Nudus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34841,7 +34800,7 @@ Obliquus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. </li> <li> -Obliteratus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Obliteratus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34857,7 +34816,7 @@ Obsoletus, <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. </li> <li> -Obtectus, <i>e´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>. +Obtectus, <i>e´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34865,7 +34824,7 @@ Obtusus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Obumbrans, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Obumbrans, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34877,7 +34836,7 @@ Obversus, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. </li> <li> -Obvolvens, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Obvolvens, <i>a</i>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34953,11 +34912,11 @@ Pagina, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> </li> <li> -Palatiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. +Palatiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> -Palmatus, k, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. +Palmatus, k, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>. <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34985,11 +34944,11 @@ Partitus, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>. </li> <li> -Patellatus, k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. +Patellatus, k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. </li> <li> -Patens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Patens, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -34997,7 +34956,7 @@ Pateriformis, k, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>. </li> <li> -Patulus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. +Patulus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35005,11 +34964,11 @@ Pectinatus, k, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>. </li> <li> -Pectunculatus, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Pectunculatus, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> -Pediformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Pediformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35029,7 +34988,7 @@ Penicillus, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. </li> <li> -Pentaëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. +Pentaëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35041,7 +35000,7 @@ Perfectus, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>. </li> <li> -Perforatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Perforatus, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35049,15 +35008,15 @@ Pergameneus, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>. </li> <li> -Persistens, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. +Persistens, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> -Petiolatus, k´´´, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. +Petiolatus, k´´´, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> -Phoneticus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_625" id="Page_625">[Pg 625]</a></span> +Phoneticus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_625" id="Page_625">[Pg 625]</a></span> </li> <li> @@ -35077,19 +35036,19 @@ Plaga, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li> -Planus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Planus, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Plectrum, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. +Plectrum, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. </li> <li> -Plicatilis, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Plicatilis, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Plicatus, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. +Plicatus, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35113,7 +35072,7 @@ Pollinosus, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>. </li> <li> -Polyëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. +Polyëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35141,7 +35100,7 @@ Porus, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. </li> <li> -Postcostalis, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Postcostalis, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35149,7 +35108,7 @@ Posterior, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li> -Posticæ, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Posticæ, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35157,11 +35116,11 @@ Postpectoralis, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_353">353</a>. </li> <li> -Præmorsus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. +Præmorsus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Præocularis, k. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. +Præocularis, k. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35173,7 +35132,7 @@ Prehensorius, <i>d</i>†, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>. </li> <li> -Primores, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Primores, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35201,7 +35160,7 @@ Pronus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>. </li> <li> -Protomesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. +Protomesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35279,15 +35238,15 @@ Quinquangulus, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Radians, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Radians, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> -Radiatus, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Radiatus, <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> -Radius, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Radius, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35295,15 +35254,15 @@ Ramosus, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. k, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>. </li> <li> -Ramulosus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Ramulosus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> -Raptorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. +Raptorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. </li> <li> -Receptus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Receptus, k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35323,7 +35282,7 @@ Recumbens, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. </li> <li> -Recurrens, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Recurrens, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35331,11 +35290,11 @@ Recurvus, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. </li> <li> -Reflexus, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Reflexus, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> -Rejectus, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Rejectus, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35351,7 +35310,7 @@ Resupinus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. </li> <li> -Reticulatus, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. +Reticulatus, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>. <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35371,11 +35330,11 @@ Retusus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li> -Revelatus, <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. +Revelatus, <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. </li> <li> -Reversus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Reversus, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35455,7 +35414,7 @@ Salebrosus, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_626" </li> <li> -Saltatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. C, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. +Saltatorius, <i>f´</i>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>. C, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35467,7 +35426,7 @@ Scaber, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li> -Scopatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Scopatus, <i>s´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35475,11 +35434,11 @@ Scopifer, k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Scopulatus, <i>t´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. +Scopulatus, <i>t´´</i>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>. </li> <li> -Scutatus, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. +Scutatus, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>. <i>a´´</i>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35487,7 +35446,7 @@ Scutellatus, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> -Scutelliformis, <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Scutelliformis, <i>u´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35495,11 +35454,11 @@ Sectus, C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> -Secundarius, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Secundarius, <i>i´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -Securiformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +Securiformis, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35519,11 +35478,11 @@ Semireconditus, A, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>. </li> <li> -Septiformis, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. +Septiformis, h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. </li> <li> -Sepultus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. +Sepultus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. <i>ê</i>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35531,7 +35490,7 @@ Sericeus, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li> -Serpentinus, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Serpentinus, <i>l´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35539,7 +35498,7 @@ Serratus, <a href="#Page_305">305</a>. k, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> -Sesquialterus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. +Sesquialterus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35555,7 +35514,7 @@ Setarius, k, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>. </li> <li> -Setiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. +Setiformis, e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. k, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35587,7 +35546,7 @@ Signatus, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li> -Simplex, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. +Simplex, d´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. h´, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>. k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. <i>r´´</i>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35619,11 +35578,11 @@ Spatulatus, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. </li> <li> -Sphæricus, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>. +Sphæricus, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>. </li> <li> -Sphærulatus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. +Sphærulatus, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35631,11 +35590,11 @@ Spina, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>. </li> <li> -Spiniger, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Spiniger, <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> -Spinosus, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. +Spinosus, d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35655,7 +35614,7 @@ Spurius, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>. i, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. </li> <li> -Squamatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Squamatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35683,7 +35642,7 @@ Striga, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>. </li> <li> -Strigilatus, <i>a´´</i>. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. +Strigilatus, <i>a´´</i>. <a href="#Page_339">339</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35707,11 +35666,11 @@ Subocularis, i, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. </li> <li> -Subulatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. +Subulatus, h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>. </li> <li> -Suctorius, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. +Suctorius, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35731,7 +35690,7 @@ Superimpositus, C, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>. </li> <li> -Superior, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. +Superior, h, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>. k, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35744,19 +35703,19 @@ Sutura, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.<br /> </li> <li> </li> <li> -Tabularis, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +Tabularis, <i>k´</i>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li> -Tabulatus, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Tabulatus, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> -Tectus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. +Tectus, <i>g´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. </li> <li> -Telescopiformis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. +Telescopiformis, <i>M´</i>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35788,7 +35747,7 @@ Testudinarius, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>. </li> <li> -Tetraëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. +Tetraëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35804,7 +35763,7 @@ Tetrapus, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> -Thoraciformis, <i>i´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. +Thoraciformis, <i>i´</i>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35828,7 +35787,7 @@ Tramosericeus, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li> -Transcurrens, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. +Transcurrens, <i>v´</i>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35860,11 +35819,11 @@ Triarticulatus, k, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>. </li> <li> -Tricaudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. +Tricaudatus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>. </li> <li> -Triëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. +Triëdrus, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35888,11 +35847,11 @@ Triqueter, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>. </li> <li> -Tritomesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. +Tritomesus, <i>k´´´</i>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>. </li> <li> -Truncatus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. +Truncatus, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>. <i>c´´</i>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35904,11 +35863,11 @@ Tuberculum, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>. </li> <li> -Tubulosus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. +Tubulosus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. e´, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>. </li> <li> -Tumidus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +Tumidus, <i>f´´</i>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35936,7 +35895,7 @@ Umbraculatus, A, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>. </li> <li> -Uncinatus, k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. l´´´, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. <i>D</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. +Uncinatus, k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. l´´´, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>. <i>D</i>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35948,11 +35907,11 @@ Undulatus, <a href="#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. </li> <li> -Unguiculatus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. +Unguiculatus, c´, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. d´, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>. h´´, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. k, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>. </li> <li> -Unguiformis, c´, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. +Unguiformis, c´, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>. </li> <li> @@ -35964,7 +35923,7 @@ Ustulatus, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Varicosus, l´´´, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. +Varicosus, l´´´, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>. </li> <li> @@ -36082,7 +36041,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Acanthocinus</span> Mg. Ltr. <i>Cerambyx</i> L. Mm. Lamia F. </li> -<li>—— ædilis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_513">513</a>. +<li>—— ædilis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_513">513</a>. </li> <li>—— araneiformis iv. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. @@ -36096,7 +36055,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Acanthurus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Trichius F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Acanthurus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Trichius F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— hemipterus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_706">706</a>. @@ -36139,7 +36098,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ægialia</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Aphodius</i> Il. F. <i>Psammodius</i> Gyl. +<span class="smcap">Ægialia</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Aphodius</i> Il. F. <i>Psammodius</i> Gyl. </li> <li>—— globosa iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>. @@ -36147,7 +36106,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Æsalus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Lucanus</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_503">503</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. +<span class="smcap">Æsalus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Lucanus</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_503">503</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. </li> @@ -36160,7 +36119,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Agathidium</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Anisotoma</i> F. <i>Sphæridium</i> Ol. <i>Volvoxis</i> Kgn. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_230">230</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. +<span class="smcap">Agathidium</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Anisotoma</i> F. <i>Sphæridium</i> Ol. <i>Volvoxis</i> Kgn. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_230">230</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. </li> @@ -36214,17 +36173,17 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Amarygmus</span> Dn. Ltr. <i>Tenebrio</i> L. Cnodulon F. Helops F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_512">512</a>. </li> -<li>—— æneus. (<i>Chalcites</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_318">318</a>. +<li>—— æneus. (<i>Chalcites</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_318">318</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Amblyterus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_425">425</a>. +<span class="smcap">Amblyterus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_425">425</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Amphicoma</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. +<span class="smcap">Amphicoma</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. </li> <li>—— lineata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. @@ -36232,7 +36191,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Amphimalla</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. Melolontha F.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_630" id="Page_630">[Pg 630]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Amphimalla</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. Melolontha F.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_630" id="Page_630">[Pg 630]</a></span> </li> <li>—— solstitialis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_373">373</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_523">523</a>. @@ -36248,12 +36207,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anisonyx</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. +<span class="smcap">Anisonyx</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anisoplia</span> Mg. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. +<span class="smcap">Anisoplia</span> Mg. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. </li> @@ -36280,7 +36239,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anomala</span> Mg. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Euchlora</i> Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Anomala</span> Mg. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Euchlora</i> Ltr. </li> <li>—— Frischii iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>. @@ -36288,13 +36247,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anoplognathus</span> Lch. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Repsimus</i> Lch. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_441">441</a>. +<span class="smcap">Anoplognathus</span> Lch. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Repsimus</i> Lch. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_441">441</a>. </li> <li>—— dytiscoides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_336">336</a>. </li> -<li>—— viridiæneus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_480">480</a>. +<li>—— viridiæneus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_480">480</a>. </li> @@ -36315,7 +36274,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anthonomus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Pallene</i> Mg. +<span class="smcap">Anthonomus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Pallene</i> Mg. </li> <li>—— Pomorum i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_439">439</a>. @@ -36334,7 +36293,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Anthrenus</span> Gff. F. Ltr. <i>Byrrhus</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_135">135</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_523">523</a>. </li> -<li>—— Musæorum i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_177">177</a>. +<li>—— Musæorum i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_177">177</a>. </li> @@ -36361,7 +36320,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Aphodius</span> Il. F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Platycephalus</i> Bng. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. +<span class="smcap">Aphodius</span> Il. F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Platycephalus</i> Bng. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. </li> <li>—— analis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_680">680</a>. @@ -36453,7 +36412,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Apogonia</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Apogonia</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li>—— gemellata iv. <a href="#Page_318">318</a>. @@ -36466,12 +36425,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Archon</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes ML. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_631" id="Page_631">[Pg 631]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Archon</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes ML. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_631" id="Page_631">[Pg 631]</a></span> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Areoda</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. +<span class="smcap">Areoda</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. </li> @@ -36481,7 +36440,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ateuchus</span> Web. F. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Copris</i> Gff. <i>Actinophorus</i> Stm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. +<span class="smcap">Ateuchus</span> Web. F. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Copris</i> Gff. <i>Actinophorus</i> Stm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. </li> <li>—— gibbosus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_666">666</a>. @@ -36515,7 +36474,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Bagous</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Gyl. +<span class="smcap">Bagous</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Gyl. </li> <li>—— atrirostris iv. <a href="#Page_513">513</a>. @@ -36523,7 +36482,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Balaninus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. +<span class="smcap">Balaninus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. </li> <li>—— Glandium i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_214">214</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_84">84</a>. @@ -36577,7 +36536,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Bolbocerus</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Odonteus</i> Mg. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. +<span class="smcap">Bolbocerus</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Odonteus</i> Mg. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. </li> <li>—— mobilicornis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>. @@ -36750,7 +36709,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— granaria i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_357">357</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_84">84</a>. </li> -<li>—— Oryzæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. +<li>—— Oryzæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. </li> <li>—— testacea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. @@ -36777,7 +36736,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Bajulus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_235">235</a>. </li> -<li>—— pygmæum i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>. +<li>—— pygmæum i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>. </li> <li>—— violaceum ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_123">123</a>. @@ -36808,7 +36767,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— laterale iv. <a href="#Page_500">500</a>. </li> -<li>—— Maderæ iv. <a href="#Page_567">567</a>. +<li>—— Maderæ iv. <a href="#Page_567">567</a>. </li> <li>—— retusum iv. <a href="#Page_501">501</a>, <a href="#Page_567">567</a>. @@ -36857,7 +36816,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— intricatus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_436">436</a>. </li> -<li>—— lævigatus iv. <a href="#Page_505">505</a>. +<li>—— lævigatus iv. <a href="#Page_505">505</a>. </li> <li>—— nitens iv. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>, <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. @@ -36907,13 +36866,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Catheretes</span> Il. <i>Dermestes</i> L. F. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. <i>Nitidula</i> Ol. F. <i>Cercus</i> Ltr. <i>Brachypterus</i> Kgn. <i>Strongylus</i> Hst. <i>Scaphidium</i> Hst. <i>Silpha</i> Thn. Mm. +<span class="smcap">Catheretes</span> Il. <i>Dermestes</i> L. F. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. <i>Nitidula</i> Ol. F. <i>Cercus</i> Ltr. <i>Brachypterus</i> Kgn. <i>Strongylus</i> Hst. <i>Scaphidium</i> Hst. <i>Silpha</i> Thn. Mm. </li> <li>—— gravidus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_299">299</a>. </li> -<li>—— Urticæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_299">299</a>. +<li>—— Urticæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_299">299</a>. </li> @@ -36926,7 +36885,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Centrinus</span> Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Baris</i> Grm. Ltr. Cryptorhynchus. +<span class="smcap">Centrinus</span> Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Baris</i> Grm. Ltr. Cryptorhynchus. </li> <li>—— Spiculator iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>. @@ -36956,10 +36915,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cercyon</span> Lch. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_633" id="Page_633">[Pg 633]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Cercyon</span> Lch. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_633" id="Page_633">[Pg 633]</a></span> </li> -<li>—— hæmorrhoidale iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. +<li>—— hæmorrhoidale iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. </li> @@ -36967,7 +36926,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Cerocoma</span> Gff. F. Ltr. <i>Meloe</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_316">316</a>. </li> -<li>—— Schæfferi iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_515">515</a>. +<li>—— Schæfferi iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_515">515</a>. </li> @@ -36977,7 +36936,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cetonia</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_417">417</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_562">562</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cetonia</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_417">417</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_562">562</a>. </li> <li>—— aurata i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_316">316</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_601">601</a>. @@ -36988,7 +36947,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ceutorhynchus</span> Shü. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. Rhynchænus F. <i>Falciger</i> Mg. <i>Campylirhynchus</i> Mg. +<span class="smcap">Ceutorhynchus</span> Shü. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. Rhynchænus F. <i>Falciger</i> Mg. <i>Campylirhynchus</i> Mg. </li> <li>—— assimilis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. @@ -37014,7 +36973,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chætophorus</span> Kby. <i>Cistela</i> Mm. +<span class="smcap">Chætophorus</span> Kby. <i>Cistela</i> Mm. </li> <li>—— cretifer ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_516">516</a>. @@ -37022,7 +36981,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chasmodia</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. +<span class="smcap">Chasmodia</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. </li> <li>—— viridis. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">xxvii</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 33. @@ -37046,7 +37005,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chlænius</span> Bn. DeJ. Ltr. Carabus L. F. Mm. <i>Buprestis</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_539">539</a>. +<span class="smcap">Chlænius</span> Bn. DeJ. Ltr. Carabus L. F. Mm. <i>Buprestis</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_539">539</a>. </li> <li>—— holosericeus iv. <a href="#Page_515">515</a>, <a href="#Page_565">565</a>. @@ -37085,7 +37044,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chlorocala</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Chlorocala</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— africana iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_648">648</a>. @@ -37093,7 +37052,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Choleva</span> Ltr. Sp. <i>Dermestes</i> L.? DeG. <i>Mordella</i> L. Mm. <i>Catops</i> Pk. <i>Ptomaphagus</i> Il. <i>Helops</i> Pnz. <i>Cistela</i> Ol. <i>Luperus</i> Frö. iv. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. +<span class="smcap">Choleva</span> Ltr. Sp. <i>Dermestes</i> L.? DeG. <i>Mordella</i> L. Mm. <i>Catops</i> Pk. <i>Ptomaphagus</i> Il. <i>Helops</i> Pnz. <i>Cistela</i> Ol. <i>Luperus</i> Frö. iv. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. </li> <li>—— angustata iv. <a href="#Page_567">567</a>. @@ -37118,10 +37077,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— fastuosa iv. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>. </li> -<li>—— goëttingensis ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_317">317</a>. +<li>—— goëttingensis ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_317">317</a>. </li> -<li>—— hæmoptera iv. <a href="#Page_208">208</a>. +<li>—— hæmoptera iv. <a href="#Page_208">208</a>. </li> <li>—— Polygoni iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_25">25</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>. @@ -37155,13 +37114,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cionus</span> Cl. Ltr. Sch. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. +<span class="smcap">Cionus</span> Cl. Ltr. Sch. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. </li> -<li>—— Blattariæ iv. <a href="#Page_565">565</a>. +<li>—— Blattariæ iv. <a href="#Page_565">565</a>. </li> -<li>—— Scrophulariæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_271">271</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_565">565</a>. +<li>—— Scrophulariæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_271">271</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_565">565</a>. </li> <li>—— Thapsi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_453">453</a>. @@ -37252,7 +37211,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cœlosis</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Oryctes Ltr.? <i>Dynastes</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. iv. <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cœlosis</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Oryctes Ltr.? <i>Dynastes</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. iv. <a href="#Page_282">282</a>. </li> @@ -37279,7 +37238,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Copris</span> F. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_417">417</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_479">479</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_655">655</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. +<span class="smcap">Copris</span> F. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_417">417</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_479">479</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_655">655</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. </li> <li>—— Antenor iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>. @@ -37327,7 +37286,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— reflexa iv. <a href="#Page_409">409</a>. </li> -<li>—— Sabæus iv. <a href="#Page_409">409</a>. +<li>—— Sabæus iv. <a href="#Page_409">409</a>. </li> <li>—— sexdentata iv. <a href="#Page_409">409</a>. @@ -37357,7 +37316,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Corynetes</span> Pk. F. <i>Dermestes</i> L. <i>Clerus</i> Gff. Mm. <i>Necrobia</i> Ltr. </li> -<li>—— cæruleus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. +<li>—— cæruleus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. </li> <li>—— ruficollis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. @@ -37375,7 +37334,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cremastochilus</span> Kn. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Trichius</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_422">422</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cremastochilus</span> Kn. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Trichius</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_422">422</a>. </li> @@ -37410,7 +37369,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cryptorhynchus</span> Il. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Gorgus</i> Sch. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_232">232</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_715">715</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cryptorhynchus</span> Il. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Gorgus</i> Sch. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_232">232</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_715">715</a>. </li> <li>—— corruscans i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_7">7</a>. @@ -37472,7 +37431,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cymindis</span> Ltr. DeJ. <i>Carabus</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Tarus</i> Cl. <i>Anomæus</i> Fch. <i>Lebia</i> Dft. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cymindis</span> Ltr. DeJ. <i>Carabus</i> L. F. Mm. <i>Tarus</i> Cl. <i>Anomæus</i> Fch. <i>Lebia</i> Dft. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. </li> @@ -37521,7 +37480,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Boleti iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_517">517</a>. </li> -<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. +<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. </li> <li>—— horrida iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>. @@ -37532,7 +37491,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Diphucephala</span> DeJ. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Agrostiphila M<sup>c</sup>L. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Diphucephala</span> DeJ. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Agrostiphila M<sup>c</sup>L. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li>—— aurulenta iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. @@ -37559,13 +37518,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Donacia</span> F. Hp. <i>Leptura</i> L. Mm. <i>Stenocorus</i> Gff. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>. </li> -<li>—— ænea iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. +<li>—— ænea iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li>—— fasciata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_482">482</a>. </li> -<li>—— Sagittariæ iv. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. +<li>—— Sagittariæ iv. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. </li> <li>—— vittata iv. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>. @@ -37599,7 +37558,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Dorytomus</span> Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. M. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Eirhinus</i> Sch. +<span class="smcap">Dorytomus</span> Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. M. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Eirhinus</i> Sch. </li> <li>—— longimanus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_331">331</a>. @@ -37634,10 +37593,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Dynastes</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_425">425</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_494">494</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_663">663</a>. +<span class="smcap">Dynastes</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_425">425</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_494">494</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_663">663</a>. </li> -<li>—— Ægeon iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. +<li>—— Ægeon iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li>—— Alcides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. @@ -37649,7 +37608,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Centaurus iv. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. </li> -<li>—— Chorinæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. +<li>—— Chorinæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. </li> <li>—— claviger iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_326">326</a>. @@ -37760,7 +37719,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Elephastomus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Shr. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Elephastomus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Shr. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li>—— proboscideus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>. @@ -37819,15 +37778,15 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Euchirus</span> Kby. Scarabæus L. F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Euchirus</span> Kby. Scarabæus L. F. Ltr. </li> -<li>—— longimanus (<i>Scarabæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_673">673</a>. +<li>—— longimanus (<i>Scarabæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_673">673</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Euchlora</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Anomala</i> DeJ. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Euchlora</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Anomala</i> DeJ. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li>—— viridis. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">xxvi</a>. Fig. 20. @@ -37843,7 +37802,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Eurhin</span> Il. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Eurhinus</i> Sch. <i>Macrorhinus</i> Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Eurhin</span> Il. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Eurhinus</i> Sch. <i>Macrorhinus</i> Ltr. </li> <li>—— cupratus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>. @@ -37854,7 +37813,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Eurhynchus</span> Kby. Eurhinus Kby. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Attelabus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_662">662</a>. </li> -<li>—— lævior. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">xxvi</a>. Fig. 18. +<li>—— lævior. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVI">xxvi</a>. Fig. 18. </li> @@ -37872,7 +37831,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Eusceles</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>in lit.</i> <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. Cetonia. +<span class="smcap">Eusceles</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>in lit.</i> <i>Scarabæus</i> L. F. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. Cetonia. </li> <li>—— macropus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_659">659</a>. @@ -37880,7 +37839,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Evæsthetus</span> Grv. Ltr. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. F. <i>Syntomium</i> Cts. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_516">516</a>. +<span class="smcap">Evæsthetus</span> Grv. Ltr. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. F. <i>Syntomium</i> Cts. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_516">516</a>. </li> @@ -37897,12 +37856,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Tanaceti iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_268">268</a>. </li> -<li>—— Vitellinæ iv. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>. +<li>—— Vitellinæ iv. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Geniates</span> Kby. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Gematis</i> DeJ. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_517">517</a>. +<span class="smcap">Geniates</span> Kby. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Gematis</i> DeJ. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_517">517</a>. </li> <li>—— barbatus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_422">422</a>. @@ -37910,7 +37869,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Genuchus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_510">510</a>. +<span class="smcap">Genuchus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_510">510</a>. </li> <li>—— cruentus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_422">422</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_515">515</a>. @@ -37924,18 +37883,18 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— areniferus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. </li> -<li>—— pygmæus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. +<li>—— pygmæus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Geotrupes</span> Ltr. Scarabæus L. F. Mm. <i>Typhæus</i> Lch. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_353">353</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_637" id="Page_637">[Pg 637]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Geotrupes</span> Ltr. Scarabæus L. F. Mm. <i>Typhæus</i> Lch. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_353">353</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_637" id="Page_637">[Pg 637]</a></span> </li> <li>—— autumnalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_674">674</a>. </li> -<li>—— dispar (<i>Typhæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>. +<li>—— dispar (<i>Typhæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_309">309</a>. </li> <li>—— foveatus iv. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>. @@ -37944,7 +37903,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— stercorarius i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_350">350</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_373">373</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_398">398</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>. </li> -<li>—— Typhæus (<i>T. vulgaris</i> Lch.) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. +<li>—— Typhæus (<i>T. vulgaris</i> Lch.) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. </li> <li>—— vernalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_288">288</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_469">469</a>, &c. @@ -37957,12 +37916,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Glaphyrus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Glaphyrus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Gnathocera</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Gnathocera</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— bicornis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_487">487</a>. @@ -37997,7 +37956,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Goliathus</span> Lam. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_487">487</a>. +<span class="smcap">Goliathus</span> Lam. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_487">487</a>. </li> <li>—— Cacicus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_659">659</a>. @@ -38022,7 +37981,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Gymnopleurus</span> Il. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_596">596</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_495">495</a>. +<span class="smcap">Gymnopleurus</span> Il. Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_596">596</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_495">495</a>. </li> @@ -38056,10 +38015,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hæmonia</span> Mg. Ltr. <i>Leptura</i> L. <i>Donacia</i> F. Hp. <i>Macroplea</i> Hff. +<span class="smcap">Hæmonia</span> Mg. Ltr. <i>Leptura</i> L. <i>Donacia</i> F. Hp. <i>Macroplea</i> Hff. </li> -<li>—— Zosteræ iv. <a href="#Page_535">535</a>. +<li>—— Zosteræ iv. <a href="#Page_535">535</a>. </li> @@ -38075,7 +38034,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Haltica</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Chrysomela</i> L. Mm. <i>Galeruca</i> F. <i>Crioceris</i> F. <i>Altica</i> Gff. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_190">190</a>. </li> -<li>—— Brassicæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>. +<li>—— Brassicæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li>—— concinna i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_183">183</a>. @@ -38153,7 +38112,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hexodon</span> Ol. F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hexodon</span> Ol. F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>. </li> @@ -38175,7 +38134,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— cadaverinus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. </li> -<li>—— lævus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. +<li>—— lævus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. </li> <li>—— maximus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_425">425</a>. @@ -38191,7 +38150,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hoplia</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_368">368</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hoplia</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_368">368</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. </li> <li>—— argentea ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_5">5</a>. @@ -38218,7 +38177,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hydræna</span> Kgn. <i>Elophorus</i> F. <i>Hydrachna</i> Il. <i>Hydrophilus</i> Mm. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_360">360</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hydræna</span> Kgn. <i>Elophorus</i> F. <i>Hydrachna</i> Il. <i>Hydrophilus</i> Mm. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_360">360</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. </li> <li>—— longipalpis iv. <a href="#Page_535">535</a>. @@ -38275,7 +38234,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hylecœtus</span> Ltr. <i>Cantharis</i> L. <i>Meloe</i> L. <i>Lymexylon</i> F. <i>Horia</i> F. <i>Dircæa</i> Pnz. <i>Lytta</i> Hst. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hylecœtus</span> Ltr. <i>Cantharis</i> L. <i>Meloe</i> L. <i>Lymexylon</i> F. <i>Horia</i> F. <i>Dircæa</i> Pnz. <i>Lytta</i> Hst. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. </li> <li>—— dermestoides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_300">300</a>. (<i>Cantharis.</i>) @@ -38291,7 +38250,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hypera</span> Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Phytonomus</i> Sch. <i>Donus</i> Mg. +<span class="smcap">Hypera</span> Grm. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Phytonomus</i> Sch. <i>Donus</i> Mg. </li> <li>—— Arator ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_294">294</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>. @@ -38422,7 +38381,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Leistus</span> Frö. Cl. Ltr. <i>Carabus</i> L. F. Mm. Pogonophorus Ltr. <i>Manticora</i> Jur. Cl. <i>Buprestis</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_639" id="Page_639">[Pg 639]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Leistus</span> Frö. Cl. Ltr. <i>Carabus</i> L. F. Mm. Pogonophorus Ltr. <i>Manticora</i> Jur. Cl. <i>Buprestis</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_639" id="Page_639">[Pg 639]</a></span> </li> @@ -38441,7 +38400,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lepidiota</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>. +<span class="smcap">Lepidiota</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>. </li> <li>—— Stigma iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_453">453</a>. @@ -38476,10 +38435,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Limnius</span> Mü. <i>Elmis</i> Ltr. <i>Chrysomela</i> Mm. <i>Dytiscus</i> Pnz. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_291">291</a>. +<span class="smcap">Limnius</span> Mü. <i>Elmis</i> Ltr. <i>Chrysomela</i> Mm. <i>Dytiscus</i> Pnz. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_291">291</a>. </li> -<li>—— æneus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_462">462</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>. +<li>—— æneus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_462">462</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>. </li> <li>—— tuberculatus iv. <a href="#Page_274">274</a>. @@ -38487,7 +38446,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Liparus</span> Ol. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Molytes</i> Sch. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_691">691</a>. +<span class="smcap">Liparus</span> Ol. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. <i>Molytes</i> Sch. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_691">691</a>. </li> <li>—— anglicanus iv. <a href="#Page_290">290</a>. @@ -38580,7 +38539,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Macraspis</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_597">597</a>. +<span class="smcap">Macraspis</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_566">566</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_597">597</a>. </li> <li>—— tetradactyla iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_441">441</a>. @@ -38593,7 +38552,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Macrodactylus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Melolontha F. +<span class="smcap">Macrodactylus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Melolontha F. </li> <li>—— subspinosus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_667">667</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. @@ -38601,7 +38560,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Macronata</span> Il. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. <i>Gymnetis</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Macronata</span> Il. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Cetonia</i> F. <i>Gymnetis</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. </li> <li>—— chinensis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_553">553</a>. @@ -38644,10 +38603,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Megasoma</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes M<sup>c</sup>L. +<span class="smcap">Megasoma</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes M<sup>c</sup>L. </li> -<li>—— Actæon iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>. +<li>—— Actæon iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>. </li> <li>—— Elephas iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. @@ -38666,13 +38625,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Meloe</span> L. F. Ltr. Mm. <i>Proscarabæus</i> Shk. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_441">441</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_594">594</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_504">504</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#PLATE_I">i</a>. Fig. 5. +<span class="smcap">Meloe</span> L. F. Ltr. Mm. <i>Proscarabæus</i> Shk. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_441">441</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_594">594</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_504">504</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#PLATE_I">i</a>. Fig. 5. </li> <li>—— <i>Marci</i> (Hylœcetus) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_301">301</a>. </li> -<li>—— Proscarabæus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_247">247</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_162">162</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>. +<li>—— Proscarabæus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_247">247</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_162">162</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>. </li> <li>—— variegatus. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">xxvii</a>. Fig. 52. @@ -38683,7 +38642,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Melolontha</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_435">435</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_550">550</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_571">571</a>. +<span class="smcap">Melolontha</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_435">435</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_550">550</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_571">571</a>. </li> <li>—— Fullo iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_421">421</a>. @@ -38711,7 +38670,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Mimela</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Euchlora</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_542">542</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Mimela</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Euchlora</i> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_542">542</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> @@ -38817,12 +38776,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Nilio</span> Ltr. <i>Ægithus</i> F. <i>Coccinella</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_538">538</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Nilio</span> Ltr. <i>Ægithus</i> F. <i>Coccinella</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_538">538</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Nitidula</span> F. Ltr. Mm. <i>Silpha</i> L. <i>Dermestes</i> Gff. <i>Peltis</i> Mü. <i>Ostoma</i> Lai. <i>Strongylus</i> Hst. <i>Cychramus</i> Kgn. <i>Volvoxis</i> Kgn. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_434">434</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_517">517</a>. +<span class="smcap">Nitidula</span> F. Ltr. Mm. <i>Silpha</i> L. <i>Dermestes</i> Gff. <i>Peltis</i> Mü. <i>Ostoma</i> Lai. <i>Strongylus</i> Hst. <i>Cychramus</i> Kgn. <i>Volvoxis</i> Kgn. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_434">434</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_517">517</a>. </li> <li>—— grisea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_211">211</a>. @@ -38854,7 +38813,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ochodæus</span> Mg. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Pnz. Psephus M<sup>c</sup>L. +<span class="smcap">Ochodæus</span> Mg. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. Pnz. Psephus M<sup>c</sup>L. </li> <li>—— chrysomelinus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_677">677</a>. @@ -38884,7 +38843,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Œdemera</span> Ol. Ltr. <i>Cantharis</i> L. Mm. <i>Necydalis</i> L. Mm. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_311">311</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_600">600</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_688">688</a>. </li> -<li>—— cærulea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. +<li>—— cærulea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. </li> <li>—— ceramboides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. @@ -38893,7 +38852,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— notata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_319">319</a>. </li> -<li>—— Podagrariæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. +<li>—— Podagrariæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. </li> @@ -38909,7 +38868,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— planum iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. </li> -<li>—— Primulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>. +<li>—— Primulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>. </li> <li>—— rivulare ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>. @@ -38928,7 +38887,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Oniticellus</span> Zgl. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> F. Onitis F. +<span class="smcap">Oniticellus</span> Zgl. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> F. Onitis F. </li> <li>—— Apelles (<i>Onitis</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_336">336</a>. @@ -38936,7 +38895,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Onitis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_333">333</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_539">539</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>. +<span class="smcap">Onitis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_333">333</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_539">539</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>. </li> <li>—— Aygulus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_666">666</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_668">668</a>. @@ -38950,7 +38909,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Onthophagus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Copris</i> Gff. F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_337">337</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_502">502</a>. +<span class="smcap">Onthophagus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Copris</i> Gff. F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_337">337</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_502">502</a>. </li> <li>—— Aries iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. @@ -39015,15 +38974,15 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Orchestes</span> Il. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Cl. F. Ltr. <i>Salius</i> Grm. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. +<span class="smcap">Orchestes</span> Il. Sch. Ltr. Curculio L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Cl. F. Ltr. <i>Salius</i> Grm. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. </li> -<li>—— Fragariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_195">195</a>. +<li>—— Fragariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_195">195</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Orobitis</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Attelabus</i> F. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Ol. +<span class="smcap">Orobitis</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Attelabus</i> F. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Ol. </li> <li>—— globosus iv. <a href="#Page_516">516</a>. @@ -39031,7 +38990,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Oryctes</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_153">153</a>. +<span class="smcap">Oryctes</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_153">153</a>. </li> <li>—— Grypus iv. <a href="#Page_503">503</a>. @@ -39101,17 +39060,17 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pachysoma</span> Kby. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ateuchus F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pachysoma</span> Kby. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ateuchus F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pæderus</span> F. Grv. Ltr. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. iv. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pæderus</span> F. Grv. Ltr. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. iv. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pælobius</span> Sch. <i>Dytiscus</i> L. Mm. <i>Hydrachna</i> F. Cl. <i>Hygrobia</i> Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pælobius</span> Sch. <i>Dytiscus</i> L. Mm. <i>Hydrachna</i> F. Cl. <i>Hygrobia</i> Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_512">512</a>. </li> <li>—— Hermanni (<i>Hygrobia</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. @@ -39170,7 +39129,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pelidnota</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. +<span class="smcap">Pelidnota</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. </li> <li>—— punctata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. @@ -39191,7 +39150,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phalacrus</span> Pk. F. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. <i>Anisotoma</i> Il. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. +<span class="smcap">Phalacrus</span> Pk. F. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. <i>Sphæridium</i> F. <i>Anisotoma</i> Il. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. </li> <li>—— corruseus iv. <a href="#Page_515">515</a>. @@ -39215,7 +39174,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phanæus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Copris</i> F. <i>Lonchophorus</i> Grm. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_336">336</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_688">688</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>. +<span class="smcap">Phanæus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Copris</i> F. <i>Lonchophorus</i> Grm. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_336">336</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_688">688</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_404">404</a>. </li> <li>—— bellicosus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_540">540</a>. @@ -39258,7 +39217,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phileurus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. +<span class="smcap">Phileurus</span> Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. </li> @@ -39266,7 +39225,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Philonthus</span> Lch. Staphylinus L. F. Grv. Ltr. Mm. </li> -<li>—— æneus iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. +<li>—— æneus iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. </li> <li>—— fuscipes iv. <a href="#Page_147">147</a>. @@ -39294,7 +39253,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phoberus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Trox</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_596">596</a>. +<span class="smcap">Phoberus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Trox</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_445">445</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_596">596</a>. </li> <li>—— horridus iv. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. @@ -39310,7 +39269,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phyllopertha</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. Melolontha F. <i>Anisoplia</i> Mg. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. +<span class="smcap">Phyllopertha</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. Melolontha F. <i>Anisoplia</i> Mg. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. </li> <li>—— Horticola i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_207">207</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_40">40</a>. @@ -39326,7 +39285,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pissodes</span> Grm. Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Cl. F. <i>Pissocles</i> DeJ. Liparus. +<span class="smcap">Pissodes</span> Grm. Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> Cl. F. <i>Pissocles</i> DeJ. Liparus. </li> <li>—— Pini (<i>Liparus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_231">231</a>. @@ -39425,7 +39384,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Psammodius</span> Gyl. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Ips</i> Mm. <i>Aphodius</i> F. <i>Psammobius</i> Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. +<span class="smcap">Psammodius</span> Gyl. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Ips</i> Mm. <i>Aphodius</i> F. <i>Psammobius</i> Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. </li> @@ -39504,7 +39463,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ramphus</span> (<i>Rhamphus</i>) Cl. Ltr. Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_499">499</a>. +<span class="smcap">Ramphus</span> (<i>Rhamphus</i>) Cl. Ltr. Sch. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_499">499</a>. </li> @@ -39563,7 +39522,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Rhynchænus</span> F. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Pœcilma</i> Grm. <i>Zygops</i> Sch. <i>Eccoptus</i> DeJ. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. +<span class="smcap">Rhynchænus</span> F. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Pœcilma</i> Grm. <i>Zygops</i> Sch. <i>Eccoptus</i> DeJ. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_690">690</a>. </li> <li>—— Strix iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>. @@ -39574,13 +39533,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Rhynchites</span> Hst. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. Mm. <i>Attelabus</i> F. <i>Mechoris</i> Blb. <i>Rhinomacer</i> Gff. Cl. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_202">202</a>. </li> -<li>—— Alliariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_77">77</a>. +<li>—— Alliariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_196">196</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_77">77</a>. </li> <li>—— Bacchus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_204">204</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_517">517</a>. </li> -<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. +<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_332">332</a>. </li> <li>—— Populi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. @@ -39591,7 +39550,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Rutela</span> Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_681">681</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Rutela</span> Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Cetonia</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_681">681</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> @@ -39625,7 +39584,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— hirtipes iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_659">659</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_674">674</a>. </li> -<li>—— præusta iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_497">497</a>. +<li>—— præusta iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_497">497</a>. </li> <li>—— plumigera iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_521">521</a>. @@ -39644,7 +39603,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Scarabæus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. L. <i>Ateuchus</i> Web. F. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_420">420</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_497">497</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. +<span class="smcap">Scarabæus</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. L. <i>Ateuchus</i> Web. F. Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_420">420</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_497">497</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. </li> <li>—— <i>bimucronatus</i> } Euchirus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_673">673</a>. @@ -39671,13 +39630,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Schizorhina</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Kby. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Schizorhina</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Cetonia F. Kby. Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li>—— atropunctata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_478">478</a>. </li> -<li>—— Australasiæ iv. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. +<li>—— Australasiæ iv. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. </li> <li>—— Brownii iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_478">478</a>. @@ -39685,7 +39644,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Scirtes</span> Il. <i>Scyrtes</i> Ltr. <i>Chrysomela</i> L. Mm. Cyphon Pk. F. <i>Altica</i> Mü. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_87">87</a>. +<span class="smcap">Scirtes</span> Il. <i>Scyrtes</i> Ltr. <i>Chrysomela</i> L. Mm. Cyphon Pk. F. <i>Altica</i> Mü. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_87">87</a>. </li> @@ -39696,7 +39655,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Destructor i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_711">711</a>. </li> -<li>—— pygmæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_711">711</a>. +<li>—— pygmæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_711">711</a>. </li> @@ -39706,7 +39665,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Serica</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Omaloplia</i> Mg. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Serica</span> M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Melolontha</i> F. <i>Omaloplia</i> Mg. Ltr. </li> <li>—— brunnea iv. <a href="#Page_292">292</a>. @@ -39717,7 +39676,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Serropalpus</span> Hel. Ol. Ltr. <i>Dircæa</i> F. <i>Mordella</i> Sha. <i>Cantharis</i> Gml. iv. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>. +<span class="smcap">Serropalpus</span> Hel. Ol. Ltr. <i>Dircæa</i> F. <i>Mordella</i> Sha. <i>Cantharis</i> Gml. iv. <a href="#Page_206">206</a>. </li> @@ -39747,7 +39706,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Sinodendrum</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Lucanus</i> Mm. <i>Ptinus</i> Mm. +<span class="smcap">Sinodendrum</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Lucanus</i> Mm. <i>Ptinus</i> Mm. </li> <li>—— cylindricum iv. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>. @@ -39758,7 +39717,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Sisyphus</span> Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> Web. F. <i>Copris</i> Gff. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. +<span class="smcap">Sisyphus</span> Ltr. M<sup>c</sup>L. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. <i>Ateuchus</i> Web. F. <i>Copris</i> Gff. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. </li> @@ -39785,7 +39744,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Sphæridium</span> F. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_673">673</a>. +<span class="smcap">Sphæridium</span> F. Ltr. <i>Dermestes</i> L. Mm. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_673">673</a>. </li> <li>—— <i>dytiscoides</i> iv. <a href="#Page_567">567</a>. @@ -39833,7 +39792,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Stenus</span> Ltr. F. Grv. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. Mm. <i>Pæderas</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_452">452</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>. +<span class="smcap">Stenus</span> Ltr. F. Grv. <i>Staphylinus</i> L. Mm. <i>Pæderas</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_452">452</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>. </li> @@ -39843,13 +39802,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Strategus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes M<sup>c</sup>L. +<span class="smcap">Strategus</span> Kby. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Ltr. <i>Geotrupes</i> F. Dynastes M<sup>c</sup>L. </li> -<li>—— Alöeus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. +<li>—— Alöeus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. </li> -<li>—— Antæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. +<li>—— Antæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_298">298</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. </li> <li>—— Atlas iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. @@ -39893,10 +39852,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Tanysphorus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_69">69</a>. +<span class="smcap">Tanysphorus</span> Grm. Sch. Ltr. <i>Curculio</i> L. <i>Rhynchænus</i> F. iv. <a href="#Page_69">69</a>. </li> -<li>—— Lemnæ iv. <a href="#Page_513">513</a>. +<li>—— Lemnæ iv. <a href="#Page_513">513</a>. </li> @@ -39995,7 +39954,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Trichius</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Cetonia</i> Ol. +<span class="smcap">Trichius</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Cetonia</i> Ol. </li> <li>—— Delta i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_10">10</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_685">685</a>. @@ -40009,7 +39968,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Trichopteryx</span> Kby. <i>Dermestes</i> DeG. <i>Silpha</i> Mm. <i>Scaphidium</i> Gyl. Latridius Hst. <i>Ptilium</i> Shü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>. +<span class="smcap">Trichopteryx</span> Kby. <i>Dermestes</i> DeG. <i>Silpha</i> Mm. <i>Scaphidium</i> Gyl. Latridius Hst. <i>Ptilium</i> Shü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>. </li> <li>—— atomarius iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_40">40</a>. @@ -40028,7 +39987,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Trox</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Silpha</i> L. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_521">521</a>. +<span class="smcap">Trox</span> F. Ltr. <i>Scarabæus</i> L. Mm. <i>Silpha</i> L. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_521">521</a>. </li> <li>—— arenosus iv. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>. @@ -40155,7 +40114,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— lapponica i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_229">229</a>. </li> -<li>—— Maderæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>. +<li>—— Maderæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>. </li> <li>—— Mouffeti ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_325">325</a>. @@ -40284,7 +40243,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Myrmecophilus</span> Sv.? Ltr. <i>Blatta</i> Pnz. <i>Sphærium</i> Chr. +<span class="smcap">Myrmecophilus</span> Sv.? Ltr. <i>Blatta</i> Pnz. <i>Sphærium</i> Chr. </li> <li>—— Acervorum iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>. @@ -40318,7 +40277,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pneumora</span> Thn. Ltr. <i>Gryllus</i> L. F. <i>Gryllus</i> (Locustæ) Stl. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_506">506</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pneumora</span> Thn. Ltr. <i>Gryllus</i> L. F. <i>Gryllus</i> (Locustæ) Stl. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_391">391</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_506">506</a>. </li> @@ -40372,13 +40331,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Truxalis</span> (Troxallis) F. Ltr. <i>Gryllus</i> (Acrida) L. <i>Gryllus</i> (Locustæ) Stl. <i>Acrydium</i> DeG. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>. +<span class="smcap">Truxalis</span> (Troxallis) F. Ltr. <i>Gryllus</i> (Acrida) L. <i>Gryllus</i> (Locustæ) Stl. <i>Acrydium</i> DeG. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_310">310</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>. </li> </ul> <h5>Order v. NEUROPTERA. iv. <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</h5> <ul class="index"> <li> -<span class="smcap">Æshna</span> F. Ltr. <i>Libellula</i> L. <i>Æschna</i> Il. Chr. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_291">291</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_351">351</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_703">703</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_224">224</a>. +<span class="smcap">Æshna</span> F. Ltr. <i>Libellula</i> L. <i>Æschna</i> Il. Chr. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_291">291</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_351">351</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_703">703</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_224">224</a>. </li> <li>—— grandis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_128">128</a>. @@ -40400,7 +40359,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Anax</span> Lch. <i>Libellula</i> L. <i>Æshna</i> F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Anax</span> Lch. <i>Libellula</i> L. <i>Æshna</i> F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Imperator i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_277">277</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_351">351</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_36">36</a>. @@ -40455,7 +40414,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Cordulia</span> Lch. Libellula L. F. Ltr. </li> -<li>—— ænea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_128">128</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_580">580</a>. +<li>—— ænea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_128">128</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_580">580</a>. </li> @@ -40618,7 +40577,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— ovatus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_182">182</a>. </li> -<li>—— Scrophulariæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. +<li>—— Scrophulariæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. </li> @@ -40659,7 +40618,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— cineraria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_638">638</a>. </li> -<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>. +<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>. </li> <li>—— spinigera i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_433">433</a>. @@ -40718,7 +40677,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Athalia</span> Lch. Ltr. StF. Tenthredo L. <i>Hylotoma</i> F. <i>Allantus</i> Jur. </li> -<li>—— Centifoliæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_10">10</a>. +<li>—— Centifoliæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_10">10</a>. </li> @@ -40816,7 +40775,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chelostoma</span> Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. γ) Kby. <i>Anthophora</i> F. <i>Hylæus</i> F. <i>Trachusa</i> Jur. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_238">238</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_517">517</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_649" id="Page_649">[Pg 649]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Chelostoma</span> Ltr. Apis L. (** c. 2. γ) Kby. <i>Anthophora</i> F. <i>Hylæus</i> F. <i>Trachusa</i> Jur. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_238">238</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_517">517</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_649" id="Page_649">[Pg 649]</a></span> </li> <li>—— maxillosa (<i>florisomnis</i>) i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_338">338</a>. @@ -40849,7 +40808,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— femorata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_699">699</a>. </li> -<li>—— læta (<i>Amasis</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_519">519</a>. +<li>—— læta (<i>Amasis</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_519">519</a>. </li> <li>—— lutea ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>. @@ -40869,7 +40828,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Clavellaria</span> Lam. Lch. Tenthredo L. Jur. <i>Cimbex</i> Ol. Ltr. StF. </li> -<li>—— Amerinæ iv. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>. +<li>—— Amerinæ iv. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>. </li> @@ -40887,7 +40846,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Colletes</span> Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Andrena</i> F. Jur. <i>Hylæus</i> Cuv. Melitta (* a.) Kby. <i>Evodia</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_314">314</a>. +<span class="smcap">Colletes</span> Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Andrena</i> F. Jur. <i>Hylæus</i> Cuv. Melitta (* a.) Kby. <i>Evodia</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_314">314</a>. </li> <li>—— fodiens i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_434">434</a>. @@ -40954,7 +40913,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Quercus Ramuli iv. <a href="#Page_147">147</a>. </li> -<li>—— Rosæ iv. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>. +<li>—— Rosæ iv. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>. </li> <li>—— Rubi iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_631">631</a>. @@ -41071,7 +41030,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Formica</span> L. &c. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_476">476</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_679">679</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_571">571</a>. </li> -<li>—— æthiops i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_480">480</a>. +<li>—— æthiops i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_480">480</a>. </li> <li>—— analis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_183">183</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_240">240</a>. @@ -41122,7 +41081,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Halictus</span> Wlk. Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Hylæus</i> F. Melitta (** b.) Kby. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_418">418</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>. +<span class="smcap">Halictus</span> Wlk. Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Hylæus</i> F. Melitta (** b.) Kby. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_418">418</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_518">518</a>. </li> @@ -41138,7 +41097,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Hylotoma</span> Ltr. F. StF. Tenthredo L. <i>Cryptus</i> Jur. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_631">631</a>. </li> -<li>—— Rosæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_194">194</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>. +<li>—— Rosæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_194">194</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_86">86</a>. </li> @@ -41180,7 +41139,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— <i>Punctum</i> iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>. </li> -<li>—— <i>Strobilellæ</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>. +<li>—— <i>Strobilellæ</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_356">356</a>. </li> @@ -41334,7 +41293,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Nematus</span> Jur. Ltr. Lch. StF. Tenthredo L. F. </li> -<li>—— capreæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_197">197</a>. +<li>—— capreæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_197">197</a>. </li> <li>—— flavus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_198">198</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_80">80</a>. @@ -41381,7 +41340,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— bicornis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_479">479</a>. </li> -<li>—— cærulescens i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_303">303</a>. +<li>—— cærulescens i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_303">303</a>. </li> <li>—— Papaveris (<i>Megachile</i>) i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. @@ -41419,7 +41378,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pelopæus</span> Ltr. F. <i>Sphex</i> L. <i>Pepsis</i> Il. <i>Sceliphron</i> Kg. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_660">660</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pelopæus</span> Ltr. F. <i>Sphex</i> L. <i>Pepsis</i> Il. <i>Sceliphron</i> Kg. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_660">660</a>. </li> <li>—— spirifex i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_358">358</a>. @@ -41452,7 +41411,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— apivorus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_164">164</a>. </li> -<li>—— lætus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_387">387</a>. +<li>—— lætus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_387">387</a>. </li> @@ -41511,15 +41470,15 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pronæus</span> Ltr. Sphex L. <i>Dryinus</i> F. Pepsis PB. F. +<span class="smcap">Pronæus</span> Ltr. Sphex L. <i>Dryinus</i> F. Pepsis PB. F. </li> -<li>—— cæruleus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_263">263</a>. +<li>—— cæruleus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_263">263</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Prosopis</span> Jur. F. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Andrena</i> Ol. Vespa. Rss. Melitta (* b.) Kby. <i>Hylæus</i> Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>. +<span class="smcap">Prosopis</span> Jur. F. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Andrena</i> Ol. Vespa. Rss. Melitta (* b.) Kby. <i>Hylæus</i> Ltr. iv. <a href="#Page_148">148</a>. </li> <li>—— annulata iv. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. @@ -41632,7 +41591,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Systropha</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Eucera</i> Scp. <i>Andrena</i> Ol. <i>Hylæus</i> F. <i>Anthidium</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_318">318</a>. +<span class="smcap">Systropha</span> Il. Ltr. <i>Apis</i> L. <i>Eucera</i> Scp. <i>Andrena</i> Ol. <i>Hylæus</i> F. <i>Anthidium</i> Pnz. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_318">318</a>. </li> @@ -41732,7 +41691,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <h5>Order vii. HEMIPTERA. iv. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</h5> <ul class="index"> <li> -<span class="smcap">Acanthia</span> Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Coleoptrati oblongi) L. Salda F. Lygæus. +<span class="smcap">Acanthia</span> Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Coleoptrati oblongi) L. Salda F. Lygæus. </li> <li>—— littoralis iv. <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. @@ -41741,17 +41700,17 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— saltatoria ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_312">312</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. </li> -<li>—— Zosteræ iv. <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. +<li>—— Zosteræ iv. <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Achilus</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Deflexæ) L. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. +<span class="smcap">Achilus</span> Kby. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Deflexæ) L. iv. <a href="#Page_508">508</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Aleyrodes</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Phalæna</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_498">498</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_518">518</a>. +<span class="smcap">Aleyrodes</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Phalæna</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_498">498</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_518">518</a>. </li> <li>—— Chelidonii iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_154">154</a>. @@ -41776,7 +41735,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Alni iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>. </li> -<li>—— Betulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_429">429</a>. +<li>—— Betulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_429">429</a>. </li> <li>—— bursaria i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_451">451</a>. @@ -41791,7 +41750,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Pini i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_325">325</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>. </li> -<li>—— Pistaciæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_451">451</a>. +<li>—— Pistaciæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_451">451</a>. </li> <li>—— Pruni iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>. @@ -41803,7 +41762,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Radicum ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_90">90</a>. </li> -<li>—— Rosæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_436">436</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_454">454</a>. +<li>—— Rosæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_436">436</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_454">454</a>. </li> @@ -41811,7 +41770,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Aradus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Membranacei) L. <i>Acanthia</i> Shk. <i>Coreus</i> Shl. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_484">484</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_615">615</a>. </li> -<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. +<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li>—— corticalis iv. <a href="#Page_267">267</a>. @@ -41835,12 +41794,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Capsus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Seticornes) L. <i>Lygæus</i> Wlf. <i>Miris</i> Shl. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>. +<span class="smcap">Capsus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Seticornes) L. <i>Lygæus</i> Wlf. <i>Miris</i> Shl. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Centrotus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>. +<span class="smcap">Centrotus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>. </li> <li>—— clavatus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_222">222</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_535">535</a>. @@ -41860,7 +41819,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cercopis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Tettigonia</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_606">606</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_678">678</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cercopis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Tettigonia</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_606">606</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_678">678</a>. </li> <li>—— bifasciata iv. <a href="#Page_524">524</a>. @@ -41894,7 +41853,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cicada</span> Ltr. (Manniferæ) L. Tettigonia F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_355">355</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_558">558</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_159">159</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cicada</span> Ltr. (Manniferæ) L. Tettigonia F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_355">355</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_558">558</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_159">159</a>. </li> <li>—— capensis ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_402">402</a>. @@ -41919,7 +41878,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cixius</span> Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Flata</i> F. <i>Derbe</i> F.? iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_518">518</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cixius</span> Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Flata</i> F. <i>Derbe</i> F.? iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_518">518</a>. </li> @@ -41942,7 +41901,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Lacca i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_324">324</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_142">142</a>. </li> -<li>—— Persicæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. +<li>—— Persicæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. </li> <li>—— polonicus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_320">320</a>. @@ -41982,12 +41941,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Darnis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>. +<span class="smcap">Darnis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Delphax</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. iv. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. +<span class="smcap">Delphax</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. iv. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>. </li> @@ -42024,13 +41983,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Flata</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Deflexæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_628">628</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_634">634</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_654" id="Page_654">[Pg 654]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Flata</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Deflexæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_628">628</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_634">634</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_654" id="Page_654">[Pg 654]</a></span> </li> <li>—— limbata i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_328">328</a>. </li> -<li>—— phalænoides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. +<li>—— phalænoides iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. </li> <li>—— reticulata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>. @@ -42090,7 +42049,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Jassus</span> F. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Tettigonia</i> Ol. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_507">507</a>. +<span class="smcap">Jassus</span> F. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <i>Tettigonia</i> Ol. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_507">507</a>. </li> <li>—— Lanio iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_563">563</a>. @@ -42099,13 +42058,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Issus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">xxviii</a>. Fig. 20. +<span class="smcap">Issus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Ranatræ) L. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVIII">xxviii</a>. Fig. 20. </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ledra</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. <i>Membracis</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_507">507</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. +<span class="smcap">Ledra</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Cruciatæ) L. <i>Membracis</i> Ol. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_507">507</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. </li> <li>—— aurita iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_535">535</a>. @@ -42118,7 +42077,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lygæus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Oblongi) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_628">628</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. +<span class="smcap">Lygæus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cimex</i> (Oblongi) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_612">612</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_628">628</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_658">658</a>. </li> <li>—— <i>brevicollis</i> iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_613">613</a>. @@ -42145,7 +42104,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Membracis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Foliaceæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>. +<span class="smcap">Membracis</span> F. Ltr. <i>Cicada</i> (Foliaceæ) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_555">555</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_610">610</a>. </li> <li>—— cultrata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_535">535</a>. @@ -42215,7 +42174,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— grisea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_359">359</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_101">101</a>. </li> -<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_340">340</a>. +<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_340">340</a>. </li> <li>—— juniperina iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_88">88</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_498">498</a>. @@ -42232,13 +42191,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Petalopus</span> Kby. <i>Cimex</i> (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Petalopus</span> Kby. <i>Cimex</i> (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. </li> -<li>—— foliaceus (<i>Lygæus</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_348">348</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_672">672</a>. +<li>—— foliaceus (<i>Lygæus</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_348">348</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_672">672</a>. </li> -<li>—— phyllopus (<i>Lygæus</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_348">348</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_672">672</a>. +<li>—— phyllopus (<i>Lygæus</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_348">348</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_672">672</a>. </li> @@ -42256,10 +42215,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pyrrhocoris</span> Fln. <i>Cimex</i> (Oblongi) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Pyrrhocoris</span> Fln. <i>Cimex</i> (Oblongi) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. </li> -<li>—— apterus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_436">436</a>. (<i>Lygæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_613">613</a>. +<li>—— apterus ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_436">436</a>. (<i>Lygæus</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_613">613</a>. </li> @@ -42293,7 +42252,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Rhinuchus</span> Kby. <i>Cimex</i> (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Rhinuchus</span> Kby. <i>Cimex</i> (Spinipedes) L. Lygæus F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— compressipes iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_613">613</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_616">616</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_672">672</a>. @@ -42322,12 +42281,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Tettigonia</span> F. Kby. <i>Cicada</i> (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. +<span class="smcap">Tettigonia</span> F. Kby. <i>Cicada</i> (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Tettix</span> Kby. <i>Cicada</i> (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. Tettigonia F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. +<span class="smcap">Tettix</span> Kby. <i>Cicada</i> (Manniferæ) L. Ltr. Tettigonia F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_397">397</a>. </li> @@ -42335,7 +42294,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Tetyra</span> F. Kby. <i>Cimex</i> (Scutellati) L. <i>Scutellera</i> Lam. Ltr. <i>Pentatoma</i> Ol. <i>Thyreocoris</i> Shk. </li> -<li>—— scarabæoides iv. <a href="#Page_499">499</a>. +<li>—— scarabæoides iv. <a href="#Page_499">499</a>. </li> @@ -42418,7 +42377,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <h5>Order ix. LEPIDOPTERA. iv. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</h5> <ul class="index"> <li> -<span class="smcap">Abraxas</span> Lch. Phalæna (<i>Geometra</i>) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. <i>Zerene</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Abraxas</span> Lch. Phalæna (<i>Geometra</i>) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. <i>Zerene</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— grossulariata i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_197">197</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_446">446</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. @@ -42426,7 +42385,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Achatia</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Trachea</i> Tts. <i>Achatea</i> Cts. +<span class="smcap">Achatia</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Trachea</i> Tts. <i>Achatea</i> Cts. </li> <li>—— spreta i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_209">209</a>. @@ -42442,7 +42401,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Acidalia</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Acidalia</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— luteata iv. <a href="#Page_302">302</a>. @@ -42453,7 +42412,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Acronycta</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Apatelæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Acronycta</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Apatelæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Aceris iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_224">224</a>. @@ -42470,7 +42429,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ægeria</span> F. <i>Sphinx</i> L. Sesia Ltr. Ocs. <i>Trochilium</i> Scp. +<span class="smcap">Ægeria</span> F. <i>Sphinx</i> L. Sesia Ltr. Ocs. <i>Trochilium</i> Scp. </li> <li>—— tipuliformis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_197">197</a>. @@ -42483,7 +42442,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Aglia</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. <i>Echidnæ</i> Hü. <i>Saturnia</i> Shk. +<span class="smcap">Aglia</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. <i>Echidnæ</i> Hü. <i>Saturnia</i> Shk. </li> <li>—— Io iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_248">248</a>. @@ -42494,7 +42453,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Aglossa</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. Crambus F. iv. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>. +<span class="smcap">Aglossa</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. Crambus F. iv. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>. </li> <li>—— pinguinalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_239">239</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. @@ -42502,7 +42461,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Agrotis</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Agrotis</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Exclamationis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_392">392</a>. @@ -42510,7 +42469,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Alucita</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Alucitæ) L. +<span class="smcap">Alucita</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Alucitæ) L. </li> <li>—— pentadactyla iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_656" id="Page_656">[Pg 656]</a></span> @@ -42518,7 +42477,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Apatela</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Acronycta</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Apatela</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Acronycta</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— leporina ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_286">286</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. @@ -42526,7 +42485,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Apatura</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Nymphales Gemmati) L. <i>Nymphalis</i> Ltr. <i>Argus</i> Scp. <i>Maniola</i> Shk. <i>Potamides</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Apatura</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Nymphales Gemmati) L. <i>Nymphalis</i> Ltr. <i>Argus</i> Scp. <i>Maniola</i> Shk. <i>Potamides</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Iris ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_350">350</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_530">530</a>. @@ -42534,7 +42493,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Apoda</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Hepialus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_165">165</a>. +<span class="smcap">Apoda</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Hepialus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_165">165</a>. </li> <li>—— Asellus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_135">135</a>. @@ -42545,13 +42504,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Arctia</span> Ltr. Lch. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Leucomæ</i> Hü. Stn. <i>Porthesia</i>. Stn. <i>Liparis</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Arctia</span> Ltr. Lch. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Leucomæ</i> Hü. Stn. <i>Porthesia</i>. Stn. <i>Liparis</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— chrysorhea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_473">473</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_250">250</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_75">75</a>. </li> -<li>—— phæorea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_476">476</a>. +<li>—— phæorea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_476">476</a>. </li> <li>—— Salicis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>. @@ -42559,7 +42518,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Argynnis</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (Nymphales Phalerati) L. <i>Argyreus</i> Scp. <i>Dryades</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. +<span class="smcap">Argynnis</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (Nymphales Phalerati) L. <i>Argyreus</i> Scp. <i>Dryades</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. </li> <li>—— Aglaia i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. @@ -42571,18 +42530,18 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Paphia iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_202">202</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_252">252</a>. </li> -<li>—— Passifloræ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>. +<li>—— Passifloræ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>. </li> <li>—— Selene i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>. </li> -<li>—— Vanillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_647">647</a>. +<li>—— Vanillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_647">647</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Artemis</span> Kby. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. +<span class="smcap">Artemis</span> Kby. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Grm. Ltr. Bombyx F. </li> <li>—— Luna iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_641">641</a>. @@ -42590,7 +42549,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Attacus</span> Grm. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. Bombyx F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_647">647</a>. +<span class="smcap">Attacus</span> Grm. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. Bombyx F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_647">647</a>. </li> <li>—— Atlas iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_640">640</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_645">645</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_678">678</a>. @@ -42602,7 +42561,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Cytherea ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_648">648</a>. </li> -<li>—— Erythrinæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_186">186</a>. +<li>—— Erythrinæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_186">186</a>. </li> <li>—— Paphia i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_334">334</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_350">350</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_281">281</a>. @@ -42614,7 +42573,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Biston</span> Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. <i>Amphidasis</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Biston</span> Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. <i>Amphidasis</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— Betularia iv. <a href="#Page_297">297</a>. @@ -42622,7 +42581,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Boarmia</span> Tts. Phalæna (<i>Geometra</i>) L. F. <i>Alcis</i> Cts. +<span class="smcap">Boarmia</span> Tts. Phalæna (<i>Geometra</i>) L. F. <i>Alcis</i> Cts. </li> <li>—— repandaria iv. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. @@ -42630,7 +42589,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Bombyx</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. +<span class="smcap">Bombyx</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. </li> <li>—— Madrono i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_337">337</a>. @@ -42647,12 +42606,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Brassolis</span> F. Ltr. Papilio (<i>Danai Festivi</i>) L. </li> -<li>—— Cassiæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. +<li>—— Cassiæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Bryophila</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. Pyralis F. Ltr. <i>Pœcilia</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Bryophila</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. Pyralis F. Ltr. <i>Pœcilia</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— strigula (<i>Noctua</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_231">231</a>. @@ -42661,7 +42620,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Callimorpha</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Lithosia</i> F. Ocr. <i>Selina</i> Shk. <i>Hippocritæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Callimorpha</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Lithosia</i> F. Ocr. <i>Selina</i> Shk. <i>Hippocritæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— rosea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>. @@ -42669,7 +42628,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Caradrina</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Caradrina</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— ambigua (<i>Noctua</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_228">228</a>. @@ -42682,7 +42641,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Catocala</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr.? <i>Blephara</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Catocala</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr.? <i>Blephara</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Fraxini. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XX">xx</a>. Fig. 11. @@ -42702,7 +42661,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ceracampa</span> Kby. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Ceracampa</span> Kby. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— imperatoria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>. @@ -42713,7 +42672,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cerura</span> Shk. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Andriæ</i> Hü. <i>Harpyia</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Cerura</span> Shk. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Andriæ</i> Hü. <i>Harpyia</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— Furcula iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_150">150</a>. @@ -42724,7 +42683,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Charæas</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Apamea</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Charæas</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Apamea</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— Graminis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_179">179</a>. @@ -42732,7 +42691,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Chariclea</span> Stn. Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Xylina</i> Ocr. <i>Xylenæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Chariclea</span> Stn. Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Xylina</i> Ocr. <i>Xylenæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Delphinii i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>. @@ -42740,7 +42699,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cheimatobia</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. <i>Acidalia</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Cheimatobia</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. <i>Acidalia</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— brumata i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_209">209</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_440">440</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_523">523</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_657" id="Page_657">[Pg 657]</a></span> @@ -42756,7 +42715,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Clostera</span> Hff. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Pygæra</i> Ocr. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Melalophæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Clostera</span> Hff. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Pygæra</i> Ocr. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Melalophæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Anastomosis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_260">260</a>. @@ -42775,7 +42734,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cossus</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Hepialus</i> Shk. <i>Teredines</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_253">253</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>. +<span class="smcap">Cossus</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Hepialus</i> Shk. <i>Teredines</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_253">253</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>. </li> <li>—— labyrinthicus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>. @@ -42784,17 +42743,17 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— ligniperda i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_302">302</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_297">297</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_471">471</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_344">344</a>. </li> -<li>—— Robiniæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. +<li>—— Robiniæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Crambus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinea</i> Gff. <i>Harpella?</i> Shk. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. +<span class="smcap">Crambus</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinea</i> Gff. <i>Harpella?</i> Shk. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cucullia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. +<span class="smcap">Cucullia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. </li> <li>—— Abrotani iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. @@ -42803,10 +42762,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Absinthii iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> -<li>—— Chamomillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. +<li>—— Chamomillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> -<li>—— Lactucæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. +<li>—— Lactucæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> <li>—— umbratica iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. @@ -42817,7 +42776,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Cyclophora</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. <i>Cabera</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Cyclophora</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. <i>Cabera</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— omicronaria iv. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. @@ -42832,7 +42791,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Danaüs</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Danai Festivi) L. <i>Euplœa</i> F. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Limnades</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Danaüs</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Danai Festivi) L. <i>Euplœa</i> F. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Limnades</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Archippus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_146">146</a>. @@ -42843,7 +42802,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Dasychira</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Orgyia</i> Ocr. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Dasychira</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i> Shk. <i>Orgyia</i> Ocr. Ltr. </li> <li>—— fascelina iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>. @@ -42860,7 +42819,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Elpenor iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_186">186</a>. </li> -<li>—— Euphorbiæ; iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_265">265</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>. +<li>—— Euphorbiæ; iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_265">265</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>. </li> <li>—— Porcellus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>. @@ -42871,7 +42830,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Deïopeia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lithosia</i> Ltr. Hth. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. +<span class="smcap">Deïopeia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lithosia</i> Ltr. Hth. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. </li> <li>—— pulchella i. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#PLATE_III">III</a>. Fig. 3. @@ -42879,7 +42838,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Diurnea</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinea</i> F. +<span class="smcap">Diurnea</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinea</i> F. </li> <li>—— Novembris iv. <a href="#Page_523">523</a>. @@ -42887,7 +42846,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Drepana</span> Shk. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Drepana</span> Shk. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— lacertinaria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_235">235</a>. @@ -42896,7 +42855,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Endromis</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Endromis</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— versicolor iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_321">321</a>. @@ -42904,13 +42863,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ennomos</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Ennomos</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— amatoria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>. </li> -<li>—— cratægata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>. +<li>—— cratægata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>. </li> <li>—— dolabraria iv. <a href="#Page_297">297</a>. @@ -42924,15 +42883,15 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Episema</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Noctua</i> F. Ltr. Bombyx. +<span class="smcap">Episema</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. <i>Noctua</i> F. Ltr. Bombyx. </li> -<li>—— cæruleocephala i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_235">235</a>. +<li>—— cæruleocephala i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_235">235</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Erebus</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_678">678</a>. +<span class="smcap">Erebus</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_678">678</a>. </li> <li>—— Bubo iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. @@ -42943,7 +42902,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Eriogaster</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. <i>Lachneides</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Eriogaster</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. <i>Lachneides</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Catax iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_219">219</a>. @@ -42962,7 +42921,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Eudorea</span> Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Pyralis F. Ltr.? <i>Scoparia</i> Hth. +<span class="smcap">Eudorea</span> Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Pyralis F. Ltr.? <i>Scoparia</i> Hth. </li> <li>—— Resinella? (<i>Scoparia</i>) i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. @@ -42970,7 +42929,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Euprepia</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Arctia Shk. Stn. Callimorpha Ltr. <i>Hypercampæ</i> Hü. <i>Phragmatobia</i> Stn.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_658" id="Page_658">[Pg 658]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Euprepia</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Arctia Shk. Stn. Callimorpha Ltr. <i>Hypercampæ</i> Hü. <i>Phragmatobia</i> Stn.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_658" id="Page_658">[Pg 658]</a></span> </li> <li>—— Caja i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_398">398</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_249">249</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_195">195</a>. @@ -42985,7 +42944,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Fumea</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Psyche</i> Shk. <i>Canephoræ</i> Hü. Noctua. +<span class="smcap">Fumea</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Psyche</i> Shk. <i>Canephoræ</i> Hü. Noctua. </li> <li>—— pulla ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_262">262</a>. @@ -42994,7 +42953,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Galleria</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinæa</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. +<span class="smcap">Galleria</span> F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Tinæa</i> Gff. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. </li> <li>—— cereana i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_388">388</a>. @@ -43005,7 +42964,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Gastropacha</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. Ltr. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. +<span class="smcap">Gastropacha</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. Ltr. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. </li> <li>—— quercifolia ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_219">219</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_224">224</a>. @@ -43013,7 +42972,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Geometra</span> Hü. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Ennomos</i> Tts.? ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_288">288</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. +<span class="smcap">Geometra</span> Hü. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Ennomos</i> Tts.? ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_288">288</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. </li> <li>—— alniaria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. @@ -43035,7 +42994,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Gracillaria</span>? Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea. F. <i>Œcophora?</i> Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. +<span class="smcap">Gracillaria</span>? Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea. F. <i>Œcophora?</i> Ltr. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. </li> <li>—— Clerkella i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_453">453</a>. @@ -43047,7 +43006,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hadena</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Hadena</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Ligustri ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_218">218</a>. @@ -43055,7 +43014,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Heliconius</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Heliconii) L. <i>Acræa</i> F. <i>Mechanitis</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. +<span class="smcap">Heliconius</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Heliconii) L. <i>Acræa</i> F. <i>Mechanitis</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. </li> @@ -43071,7 +43030,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hepiolus</span> Il. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Hepialus F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hepiolus</span> Il. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Hepialus F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>. </li> <li>—— hectus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_334">334</a>. @@ -43082,7 +43041,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Herminia</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. <i>Crambus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>. +<span class="smcap">Herminia</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. <i>Crambus</i> F. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_323">323</a>. </li> <li>—— rostralis ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_288">288</a>. @@ -43090,10 +43049,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hesperia</span> Ltr. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. <i>Thymele</i> F. Stn. <i>Pamphila</i> F. Stn. <i>Erynnis</i> Shk. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Urbani</i> Hü. Satyrus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hesperia</span> Ltr. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. <i>Thymele</i> F. Stn. <i>Pamphila</i> F. Stn. <i>Erynnis</i> Shk. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Urbani</i> Hü. Satyrus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. </li> -<li>—— Bixæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>. +<li>—— Bixæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>. </li> <li>—— Comma iv. <a href="#Page_498">498</a>. @@ -43102,7 +43061,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Linea iv. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>. </li> -<li>—— Malvæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_116">116</a>. +<li>—— Malvæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_116">116</a>. </li> <li>—— Paniscus iv. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>. @@ -43113,10 +43072,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hipparchia</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Danai Festivi, Nymphales Gemmati) L. <i>Satyrus</i> Ltr. <i>Argus</i> Scp. <i>Maniola</i> Shk. <i>Oreades</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Hipparchia</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Danai Festivi, Nymphales Gemmati) L. <i>Satyrus</i> Ltr. <i>Argus</i> Scp. <i>Maniola</i> Shk. <i>Oreades</i> Hü. </li> -<li>—— Ægeria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. +<li>—— Ægeria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. </li> <li>—— Davus iv. <a href="#Page_295">295</a>. @@ -43128,7 +43087,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Janira iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>. </li> -<li>—— Mæra iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_104">104</a>. +<li>—— Mæra iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_104">104</a>. </li> <li>—— Pamphilus iv. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>. @@ -43142,7 +43101,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hipparchus</span> Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. Geometra Tts. +<span class="smcap">Hipparchus</span> Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. Geometra Tts. </li> <li>—— papilionarius iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_214">214</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_301">301</a>. @@ -43150,7 +43109,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hydrocampa</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. <i>Crambus</i> F. <i>Nymphala</i> Shk. <i>Pyralis</i> Hth. Botys Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Hydrocampa</span> Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Pyralis) L. <i>Crambus</i> F. <i>Nymphala</i> Shk. <i>Pyralis</i> Hth. Botys Ltr. </li> <li>—— potamogata iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_69">69</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_513">513</a>. @@ -43161,7 +43120,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hypercampa</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. Callimorpha Ltr. Noctua. +<span class="smcap">Hypercampa</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. Callimorpha Ltr. Noctua. </li> <li>—— Dominula (<i>Euprepia</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_193">193</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_288">288</a>. @@ -43169,7 +43128,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hypogymna</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Ltr.? Laria Shk. <i>Liparis</i> Ocr. <i>Psilura.</i> Stn. +<span class="smcap">Hypogymna</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Ltr.? Laria Shk. <i>Liparis</i> Ocr. <i>Psilura.</i> Stn. </li> <li>—— dispar i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_208">208</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_428">428</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_75">75</a>. @@ -43190,7 +43149,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lasiocampa</span> Shk. Ltr. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Trichoda</i> Hst. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. <i>Cnethocampa</i> Stn. +<span class="smcap">Lasiocampa</span> Shk. Ltr. Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Trichoda</i> Hst. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. <i>Cnethocampa</i> Stn. </li> <li>—— Pini iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_256">256</a>. @@ -43213,7 +43172,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Limenitis</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Nymphales Phalerati) L. Nymphalis Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Naiades</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Limenitis</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Nymphales Phalerati) L. Nymphalis Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Naiades</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Amphinome iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_178">178</a>. @@ -43230,7 +43189,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lithosia</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Setina</i> Shk. <i>Hippocritæ</i> Hü. Noctua iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. +<span class="smcap">Lithosia</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Setina</i> Shk. <i>Hippocritæ</i> Hü. Noctua iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>. </li> <li>—— Quadra ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_287">287</a>. @@ -43241,7 +43200,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lobophora</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. <i>Acidalia</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Lobophora</span> Stn. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. <i>Acidalia</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— hexaptera ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_348">348</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_592">592</a>. @@ -43249,7 +43208,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lophopteryx</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Notodonta Ocr. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Lophopteryx</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Notodonta Ocr. Ltr. </li> <li>—— camelina ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_234">234</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_204">204</a>. @@ -43257,19 +43216,19 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Lycæna</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. <i>Polyommatus</i> Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>. +<span class="smcap">Lycæna</span> F. Ocr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. <i>Polyommatus</i> Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_629">629</a>. </li> <li>—— Hippothoe iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. </li> -<li>—— Virgaureæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_515">515</a>. +<li>—— Virgaureæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_515">515</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Macaria</span> Cts. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Macaria</span> Cts. Phalæna (Geometra) L. Phalæna F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— clathrata iv. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. @@ -43277,32 +43236,32 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Macroglossa</span> Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Sesia</i> F. <i>Macroglossum</i> Scp. <i>Bombyliæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Macroglossa</span> Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Sesia</i> F. <i>Macroglossum</i> Scp. <i>Bombyliæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Stellatarum ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_379">379</a>. </li> -<li>—— Œnotheræ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_295">295</a>. +<li>—— Œnotheræ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_295">295</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Mamestra</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Mamestra</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> -<li>—— Brassicæ; i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>. +<li>—— Brassicæ; i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>. </li> <li>—— oleracea i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>. </li> -<li>—— Persicariæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. +<li>—— Persicariæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Margaritia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra, Tortrix) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. Pyralis. +<span class="smcap">Margaritia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra, Tortrix) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. Pyralis. </li> <li>—— Secalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. @@ -43313,7 +43272,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Melitæa</span> F. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Nymphales Phalerati</i>) L. <i>Nymphalis</i> Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Lemoniades</i> Hü. Argynnis. +<span class="smcap">Melitæa</span> F. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Nymphales Phalerati</i>) L. <i>Nymphalis</i> Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Lemoniades</i> Hü. Argynnis. </li> <li>—— Artemis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_182">182</a>. @@ -43330,7 +43289,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Minoa</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Minoa</span> Tts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— lactearia iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_214">214</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>. @@ -43338,7 +43297,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Miselia</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Miselia</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Aprilina ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_217">217</a>. @@ -43373,7 +43332,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Noctua</span> Scp. F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. +<span class="smcap">Noctua</span> Scp. F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_637">637</a>. </li> <li>—— <i>frugiperda</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. @@ -43384,7 +43343,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Notodonta</span> Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Ptilodontes</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. +<span class="smcap">Notodonta</span> Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Ptilodontes</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. </li> <li>—— Ziczac iv. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>. @@ -43392,17 +43351,17 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Nudaria</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Setina</i>? Shk. <i>Callimorpha</i>? Ltr. <i>Lithosia</i> Ocr. <i>Hippocritæ</i>? Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>. +<span class="smcap">Nudaria</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Setina</i>? Shk. <i>Callimorpha</i>? Ltr. <i>Lithosia</i> Ocr. <i>Hippocritæ</i>? Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_646">646</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_660" id="Page_660">[Pg 660]</a></span></li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Nycterobius</span> M<sup>c</sup>Ly. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> Lwn. F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_392">392</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_453">453</a>. +<span class="smcap">Nycterobius</span> M<sup>c</sup>Ly. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> Lwn. F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_392">392</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_453">453</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Odenestis</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. Odenesis Sam. +<span class="smcap">Odenestis</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Lasiocampa</i> Shk. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. <i>Eutrichæ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. Odenesis Sam. </li> <li>—— potatoria i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_390">390</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_176">176</a>. @@ -43410,7 +43369,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Orgyia</span> Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i>. Shk. <i>Dasychiræ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Orgyia</span> Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. <i>Laria</i>. Shk. <i>Dasychiræ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— antiqua iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. @@ -43421,7 +43380,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ourapteryx.</span> (<i>Urapteryx</i>) Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Acæna</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Ourapteryx.</span> (<i>Urapteryx</i>) Lch. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Acæna</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— sambucaria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_248">248</a>. @@ -43494,7 +43453,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pericallia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Ennomos</i> Tts. +<span class="smcap">Pericallia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. Ltr. <i>Ennomos</i> Tts. </li> <li>—— Syringaria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_151">151</a>. @@ -43502,26 +43461,26 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Phalæna</span> L. &c. +<span class="smcap">Phalæna</span> L. &c. </li> <li>—— <i>ceraria</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. </li> -<li>—— <i>Rhexiæ</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. +<li>—— <i>Rhexiæ</i> i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pieris</span> Shk. Ltr. Papilio (<i>Danai Candidi</i>) L. <i>Pontia</i> F. Ocr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Mancipia</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Pieris</span> Shk. Ltr. Papilio (<i>Danai Candidi</i>) L. <i>Pontia</i> F. Ocr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Mancipia</i> Hü. </li> -<li>—— Cratægi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. +<li>—— Cratægi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_432">432</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Platypteryx</span> Lsp. Ocr. Ltr.? <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. <i>Drepana</i> Shk. +<span class="smcap">Platypteryx</span> Lsp. Ocr. Ltr.? <i>Phalæna</i> (Geometra) L. <i>Phalæna</i> F. <i>Drepana</i> Shk. </li> <li>—— cultaria iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_260">260</a>. @@ -43532,13 +43491,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Plusia</span> Hü. Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. <i>Phytometra</i> Hth. +<span class="smcap">Plusia</span> Hü. Ocr. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. <i>Phytometra</i> Hth. </li> <li>—— chrysitis iv. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. </li> -<li>—— Festucæ iv. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. +<li>—— Festucæ iv. <a href="#Page_291">291</a>. </li> <li>—— Gamma i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_307">307</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_525">525</a>. @@ -43546,7 +43505,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Plutella</span> Shk. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Alucita</i> F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Plutella</span> Shk. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. <i>Alucita</i> F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— asperella iv. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>. @@ -43554,15 +43513,15 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pœcilia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Bryophila</i> Tts. <i>Jaspidiæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Pœcilia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. <i>Bryophila</i> Tts. <i>Jaspidiæ</i> Hü. </li> -<li>—— Algæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_217">217</a>. +<li>—— Algæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_217">217</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Polyommatus</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. Lycæna F. Ocr. <i>Argyreus</i>? <i>Argus.</i> Scp. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. +<span class="smcap">Polyommatus</span> Ltr. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. Lycæna F. Ocr. <i>Argyreus</i>? <i>Argus.</i> Scp. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. </li> <li>—— Adonis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_650">650</a>. @@ -43579,10 +43538,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pontia</span> F. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Danai Candidi</i>) L. Pieris Shk. Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Ascia</i> Scp. <i>Mancipia</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Pontia</span> F. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Danai Candidi</i>) L. Pieris Shk. Ltr. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Ascia</i> Scp. <i>Mancipia</i> Hü. </li> -<li>—— Brassicæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_448">448</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_470">470</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>. +<li>—— Brassicæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_189">189</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_448">448</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_470">470</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_228">228</a>. </li> <li>—— Cardamines iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_301">301</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_523">523</a>. @@ -43594,12 +43553,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Napi iv. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>. </li> -<li>—— Rapæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_191">191</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. +<li>—— Rapæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_191">191</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Psyche</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Canephoræ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Psyche</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. Ltr. <i>Canephoræ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— graminella i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_461">461</a>. @@ -43613,7 +43572,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pterophorus</span> Gff. F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Alucita) L. <i>Alucitæ</i> Hü. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_10">10</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_347">347</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_661" id="Page_661">[Pg 661]</a></span> +<span class="smcap">Pterophorus</span> Gff. F. Ltr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Alucita) L. <i>Alucitæ</i> Hü. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_10">10</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_347">347</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_661" id="Page_661">[Pg 661]</a></span> </li> <li>—— monodactylus iv. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>. @@ -43624,13 +43583,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Pyralis</span> F. Ltr. Phalæna (<i>Pyralis</i>) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. +<span class="smcap">Pyralis</span> F. Ltr. Phalæna (<i>Pyralis</i>) L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. </li> <li>—— frumentalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_180">180</a>. </li> -<li>—— Rhexiæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. +<li>—— Rhexiæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> <li>—— <i>strigulalis</i> (Bryophila) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_231">231</a>. @@ -43639,7 +43598,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Recurvaria</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Recurvaria</span> Hth. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— sarcitella i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_232">232</a>. @@ -43648,7 +43607,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Saturnia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Ltr. Bombyx F. <i>Herææ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. +<span class="smcap">Saturnia</span> Shk. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Attacus) L. <i>Attacus</i> Ltr. Bombyx F. <i>Herææ</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_636">636</a>. </li> <li>—— Carpini i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_336">336</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_186">186</a>. @@ -43665,7 +43624,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Semasia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tortrix) L. <i>Pyralis</i> F. Ltr. Tortrix Hü. Erminea. +<span class="smcap">Semasia</span> Stn. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tortrix) L. <i>Pyralis</i> F. Ltr. Tortrix Hü. Erminea. </li> <li>—— Pomonella iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_123">123</a>. @@ -43676,7 +43635,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Sesia</span> Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Ægeria</i> F. <i>Trochilium</i> Scp. Stn. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_349">349</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. +<span class="smcap">Sesia</span> Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Ægeria</i> F. <i>Trochilium</i> Scp. Stn. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_349">349</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>. </li> <li>—— apiformis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. @@ -43687,7 +43646,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Smerinthus</span> Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Laothoë</i> F. <i>Spectrum</i> Scp. <i>Amorphæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Smerinthus</span> Ltr. Ocr. Sphinx L. <i>Laothoë</i> F. <i>Spectrum</i> Scp. <i>Amorphæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— ocellatus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>. @@ -43696,7 +43655,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Populi iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_185">185</a>. </li> -<li>—— Tiliæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_268">268</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_69">69</a>. +<li>—— Tiliæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_268">268</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_69">69</a>. </li> @@ -43713,10 +43672,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Convolvuli iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_254">254</a>. </li> -<li>—— Iatrophæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_484">484</a>. +<li>—— Iatrophæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_484">484</a>. </li> -<li>—— Labruscæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>. +<li>—— Labruscæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_145">145</a>. </li> <li>—— Ligustri iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_265">265</a>. @@ -43727,7 +43686,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Spilosoma</span> Stn. Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. <i>Hypercampa</i> Hü. <i>Chelonia</i> Gdt. Ltr. <i>Diaphora</i> Stn. Arctia. +<span class="smcap">Spilosoma</span> Stn. Cts. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. <i>Bombyx</i> F. <i>Euprepia</i> Ocr. <i>Hypercampa</i> Hü. <i>Chelonia</i> Gdt. Ltr. <i>Diaphora</i> Stn. Arctia. </li> <li>—— erminea iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. @@ -43744,7 +43703,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Stauropus</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Harpyia</i> Ocr. <i>Andriæ</i> Hü. +<span class="smcap">Stauropus</span> Grm. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Harpyia</i> Ocr. <i>Andriæ</i> Hü. </li> <li>—— Fagi ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_251">251</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_133">133</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_231">231</a>. @@ -43753,10 +43712,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Thecla</span> F. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. <i>Pterourus</i>? Scp. <i>Polyommatus</i> Ltr. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. Hesperia. +<span class="smcap">Thecla</span> F. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Rurales) L. <i>Pterourus</i>? Scp. <i>Polyommatus</i> Ltr. <i>Cupido</i> Shk. <i>Rustici</i> Hü. Hesperia. </li> -<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>. +<li>—— Betulæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>. </li> <li>—— Jarbas ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_251">251</a>. @@ -43770,7 +43729,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Thyatira</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Thyatira</span> Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— derasa i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>. @@ -43778,7 +43737,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Tinea</span> F. Ltr. <i>Tinæa</i> Gff. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_463">463</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_136">136</a>. +<span class="smcap">Tinea</span> F. Ltr. <i>Tinæa</i> Gff. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_463">463</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_136">136</a>. </li> <li>—— corticella i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_199">199</a>. @@ -43816,7 +43775,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Tortrix</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tortrix) L. <i>Pyralis</i> F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. +<span class="smcap">Tortrix</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tortrix) L. <i>Pyralis</i> F. Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. </li> <li>—— Avellana iv. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>. @@ -43839,7 +43798,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Trichoda</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. Lasiocampa Shk. <i>Clisiocampa</i> Cts. +<span class="smcap">Trichoda</span> Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Bombyx) L. Bombyx F. Ltr. <i>Gastropacha</i> Ocr. Lasiocampa Shk. <i>Clisiocampa</i> Cts. </li> <li>—— castrensis (<i>Lasiocampa</i>) ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_427">427</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_102">102</a>. @@ -43860,12 +43819,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Patroclus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_641">641</a>. </li> -<li>—— Riphæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_641">641</a>. +<li>—— Riphæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_641">641</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Uriata</span> Kby. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. Hesperia Cuv. F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Uriata</span> Kby. <i>Papilio</i> (Plebeii Urbicolæ) L. Hesperia Cuv. F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Proteus (<i>Uria</i>) iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_641">641</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_645">645</a>. @@ -43874,7 +43833,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Vanessa</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Nymphales Phalerati</i>) L. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Graphium</i> Scp. <i>Hamadryades</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_683">683</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. +<span class="smcap">Vanessa</span> F. Ltr. Ocr. Papilio (<i>Nymphales Phalerati</i>) L. <i>Battus</i> Scp. <i>Graphium</i> Scp. <i>Hamadryades</i> Hü. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_653">653</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_683">683</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_689">689</a>. </li> <li>—— Antiopa iv. <a href="#Page_498">498</a>. @@ -43892,13 +43851,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Polychloros iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>. </li> -<li>—— Urticæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_252">252</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_555">555</a>. +<li>—— Urticæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_252">252</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_555">555</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Xanthia</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Xanthia</span> Hü. Ocr. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— Citrago iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_651">651</a>. @@ -43912,7 +43871,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Xylina</span> Ocr. Xylenæ Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Xylina</span> Ocr. Xylenæ Hü. <i>Phalæna</i> (Noctua) L. Noctua F. Ltr. </li> <li>—— conspicillaris iv. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>. @@ -43921,7 +43880,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— exoleta iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_188">188</a>. </li> -<li>—— Linariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_254">254</a>. +<li>—— Linariæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_383">383</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_254">254</a>. </li> <li>—— Polyodon iv. <a href="#Page_313">313</a>. @@ -43933,7 +43892,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Ypsolophus</span> (<i>Hypsolophus</i>) F. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea Hü. <i>Alucita</i> Ltr. +<span class="smcap">Ypsolophus</span> (<i>Hypsolophus</i>) F. <i>Phalæna</i> (Tinea) L. Tinea Hü. <i>Alucita</i> Ltr. </li> <li>—— granellus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. @@ -43942,10 +43901,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Zygæna</span> F. Ocr. Ltr. <i>Sphinx</i> L. <i>Anthrocera</i> Scp. Stn. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_202">202</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_645">645</a>. +<span class="smcap">Zygæna</span> F. Ocr. Ltr. <i>Sphinx</i> L. <i>Anthrocera</i> Scp. Stn. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_202">202</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_645">645</a>. </li> -<li>—— Filipendulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_286">286</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>.</li> +<li>—— Filipendulæ ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_286">286</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>.</li> </ul> <h5>Order x. DIPTERA. iv. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</h5> @@ -44015,7 +43974,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Cecidomyia</span> Ltr. Mgn. <i>Tipula</i> L. Chironomus F. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_450">450</a>. </li> -<li>——Barbareæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_451">451</a>. +<li>——Barbareæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_451">451</a>. </li> <li>——Destructor iv. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>. @@ -44183,13 +44142,13 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Equi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_253">253</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_341">341</a>. </li> -<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_147">147</a>. +<li>—— hæmorrhoidalis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_147">147</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hæmatopota</span> Mgn. F. Ltr. <i>Tabanus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_325">325</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_484">484</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hæmatopota</span> Mgn. F. Ltr. <i>Tabanus</i> L. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_325">325</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_484">484</a>. </li> <li>—— pluvialis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>. @@ -44266,7 +44225,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Musca</span> L. F. Mgn. <i>Anthomyia</i> Mgn. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_396">396</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_325">325</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_583">583</a>. </li> -<li>—— Cæsar i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_388">388</a>. +<li>—— Cæsar i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_388">388</a>. </li> <li>—— domestica i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_48">48</a>. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_466">466</a>. @@ -44363,7 +44322,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— lineata i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>. </li> -<li>—— Oleæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_203">203</a>. +<li>—— Oleæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_203">203</a>. </li> <li>—— Pumilionis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_169">169</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. @@ -44430,7 +44389,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Sciara</span> Mgn. F. <i>Tipula</i> L. <i>Molobrus</i> Ltr. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_477">477</a>. </li> -<li>—— Thomæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_67">67</a>. +<li>—— Thomæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_67">67</a>. </li> @@ -44443,7 +44402,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Sepedon</span> Ltr. <i>Musca</i> L. <i>Bacchæ</i> F. <i>Syrphus</i> Rss. <i>Mulio</i> Shl. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. +<span class="smcap">Sepedon</span> Ltr. <i>Musca</i> L. <i>Bacchæ</i> F. <i>Syrphus</i> Rss. <i>Mulio</i> Shl. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. </li> @@ -44489,12 +44448,12 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Stratyomis</span> Gff. F. Mgn. Ltr. <i>Musca</i> L. <i>Hirtea</i> Scp. i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_385">385</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_351">351</a>. </li> -<li>—— Chamæleon ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>. +<li>—— Chamæleon ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_258">258</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>. </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Syrphus</span> Ol. Mgn. Ltr. <i>Musca</i> L. Scæva F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_272">272</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>. +<span class="smcap">Syrphus</span> Ol. Mgn. Ltr. <i>Musca</i> L. Scæva F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_272">272</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_702">702</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_138">138</a>. </li> <li>—— arcuatus iv. <a href="#Page_131">131</a>. @@ -44677,7 +44636,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Melittophagus</span> Kby. Pediculus L. F. </li> -<li>—— Melittæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_163">163</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_163">163</a>. +<li>—— Melittæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_163">163</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_163">163</a>. </li> @@ -44697,7 +44656,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— Anseris iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_489">489</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_575">575</a>. </li> -<li>—— Fringillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_513">513</a>. +<li>—— Fringillæ iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_513">513</a>. </li> <li>—— Pavonis iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_320">320</a>. @@ -44726,7 +44685,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— coccineus iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>. </li> -<li>—— Gryllotalpæ iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>. +<li>—— Gryllotalpæ iv. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>. </li> <li>—— humanus i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_83">83</a>. @@ -44772,10 +44731,10 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li>—— destructor i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_96">96</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_241">241</a>. </li> -<li>—— Dysenteriæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_90">90</a>. +<li>—— Dysenteriæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_90">90</a>. </li> -<li>—— Farinæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_228">228</a>. +<li>—— Farinæ i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_228">228</a>. </li> <li>—— Lactis i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_97">97</a>. @@ -44823,7 +44782,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Erythræus</span> Ltr. Acarus L. <i>Gamasus</i> F. <i>Trombidium</i> Hrm. +<span class="smcap">Erythræus</span> Ltr. Acarus L. <i>Gamasus</i> F. <i>Trombidium</i> Hrm. </li> <li>—— telarius i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_203">203</a>. @@ -44860,7 +44819,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Hydrachna</span> Mü. Ltr. <i>Acarus</i> L. <i>Atax</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_360">360</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. +<span class="smcap">Hydrachna</span> Mü. Ltr. <i>Acarus</i> L. <i>Atax</i> F. ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_360">360</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_514">514</a>. </li> <li>—— abstergens iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_92">92</a>. @@ -45112,7 +45071,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Cteniza</span> Ltr. Aranea L. F. Sau. Mygale Wlk. </li> -<li>—— cæmentaria i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_423">423</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_467">467</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_491">491</a>. +<li>—— cæmentaria i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_423">423</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_467">467</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_491">491</a>. </li> <li>—— Sauvagesii (<i>Mygale</i>) i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_470">470</a>. @@ -45275,7 +45234,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> <span class="smcap">Scorpio</span> L. &c. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_695">695</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>. </li> -<li>—— europæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_489">489</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_124">124</a>. +<li>—— europæus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_489">489</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_124">124</a>. </li> <li>—— maurus iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_490">490</a>. @@ -45341,7 +45300,7 @@ NOTICED IN THIS WORK.</h2> </li> <li> </li> <li> -<span class="smcap">Daphnia</span> Mü. Ltr. <i>Monoculus</i> L. F. +<span class="smcap">Daphnia</span> Mü. Ltr. <i>Monoculus</i> L. F. </li> <li>—— pennata iv. <a href="#Page_167">167</a>. @@ -45495,7 +45454,7 @@ EXPLAINED.</h2> <li><i>Fch.</i> Fischer. </li> -<li><i>Frö.</i> Frölich. +<li><i>Frö.</i> Frölich. </li> <li><i>Gff.</i> Geoffroy. @@ -45549,7 +45508,7 @@ EXPLAINED.</h2> <li><i>Hbr.</i> Huber. </li> -<li><i>Hü.</i> Hübner. +<li><i>Hü.</i> Hübner. </li> <li><i>Il.</i> Illiger. @@ -45597,7 +45556,7 @@ EXPLAINED.</h2> <li><i>Ltn.</i> Lichtenstein. </li> -<li><i>L.</i> Linnæus. +<li><i>L.</i> Linnæus. </li> <li><i>M<sup>c</sup>L.</i> MacLeay. @@ -45612,7 +45571,7 @@ EXPLAINED.</h2> <li><i>Mgn.</i> Meigen. </li> -<li><i>Mü.</i> Müller. +<li><i>Mü.</i> Müller. </li> <li><i>Ntz.</i> Nitzsch. @@ -45669,19 +45628,19 @@ EXPLAINED.</h2> <li><i>Sv.</i> Savi. </li> -<li><i>Shf.</i> Schæffer. +<li><i>Shf.</i> Schæffer. </li> <li><i>Sha.</i> Schaller. </li> -<li><i>Sch.</i> Schönherr. +<li><i>Sch.</i> Schönherr. </li> <li><i>Shr.</i> Schreiber. </li> -<li><i>Shü.</i> Schüppe +<li><i>Shü.</i> Schüppe </li> <li><i>Scp.</i> Scopoli. @@ -45774,15 +45733,15 @@ Bedeguar i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_448">448</a>. iv. <a h </li> <li> -Bemärkelse-mask i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_33">33</a>. +Bemärkelse-mask i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_33">33</a>. </li> <li> -Bête de la Vierge i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_266">266</a>. +Bête de la Vierge i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_266">266</a>. </li> <li> -Bête Rouge i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_104">104</a>. +Bête Rouge i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_104">104</a>. </li> <li> @@ -45842,11 +45801,11 @@ Choni-la-chu i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_327">327</a>. </li> <li> -Ciron des paupières i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_88">88</a>. +Ciron des paupières i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_88">88</a>. </li> <li> -Clairène iv. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>. +Clairène iv. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>. </li> <li> @@ -45882,7 +45841,7 @@ Dibben Fashook i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_315">315</a>. </li> <li> -Dragées iv. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>. +Dragées iv. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>. </li> <li> @@ -45938,7 +45897,7 @@ Jiggers i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_101">101</a>. </li> <li> -Joharré i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. +Joharré i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_173">173</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -46026,7 +45985,7 @@ Pique i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_101">101</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Quabirámy' i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. +Quabirámy' i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_329">329</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -46038,7 +45997,7 @@ Rouleuses iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_206">206</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Sackträger i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_461">461</a>. iii. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_251">251</a>. +Sackträger i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_461">461</a>. iii. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_251">251</a>. </li> <li> @@ -46054,7 +46013,7 @@ Skarnbosse i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_34">34</a>. </li> <li> -Stâkra i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_149">149</a>. +Stâkra i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_149">149</a>. </li> <li> @@ -46074,7 +46033,7 @@ Tardigrade iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_22">22</a>. </li> <li> -Teignes à fourreau à manteau i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_459">459</a>. +Teignes à fourreau à manteau i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_459">459</a>. </li> <li> @@ -46126,7 +46085,7 @@ Tusseldhootie i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_334">334</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Vaches à Dieu i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_266">266</a>. +Vaches à Dieu i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_266">266</a>. </li> <li> @@ -46138,7 +46097,7 @@ Voupristi i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_156">156</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> -Wurm-tröchniss i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_213">213</a>. +Wurm-tröchniss i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_213">213</a>. </li> <li> </li> <li> @@ -46178,11 +46137,11 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Ælian</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_435">435</a>. +<li><i>Ælian</i>, iv. <a href="#Page_435">435</a>. </li> -<li><i>Aëroscepsy</i>, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_46">46</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>. +<li><i>Aëroscepsy</i>, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_46">46</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>. </li> @@ -46258,7 +46217,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Antennæ</i>, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_508">508</a>:<br /> +<li><i>Antennæ</i>, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_508">508</a>:<br /> whether analogous to ears, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_46">46</a>. iv. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>. </li> @@ -46388,7 +46347,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= combs, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_481">481</a>:<br /> fables respecting, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_120">120</a>:<br /> females, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_122">122</a>:<br /> - larvæ of <i>workers</i>, how turned to <i>females</i>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_127">127</a>:<br /> + larvæ of <i>workers</i>, how turned to <i>females</i>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_127">127</a>:<br /> weight and bulk, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_126">126</a>:<br /> jealousy and battles of the female or queen, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_140">140</a>:<br /> her appearance how retarded, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_144">144</a>:<br /> @@ -46575,7 +46534,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Carus</i> C. G. discovered a circulation in larvæ, &c. iv. <a href="#Page_91">91</a>. +<li><i>Carus</i> C. G. discovered a circulation in larvæ, &c. iv. <a href="#Page_91">91</a>. </li> @@ -46691,7 +46650,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= of bees, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_138">138</a>:<br /> of saw-flies, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_261">261</a>:<br /> of Lepidoptera, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_274">274</a>:<br /> - of Ephemeræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_395">395</a>. + of Ephemeræ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_395">395</a>. </li> @@ -46811,7 +46770,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= <li>—— caused by lice, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_83">83</a>:<br /> by mites, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_88">88</a>:<br /> - by larvæ, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_134">134</a>. + by larvæ, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_134">134</a>. </li> @@ -46916,7 +46875,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Ephemeræ</i>, history of, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>:<br /> +<li><i>Ephemeræ</i>, history of, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_282">282</a>:<br /> singular gyrations of, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_365">365</a>:<br /> have an inner pupa case, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_295">295</a>:<br /> respiratory organs, iv. <a href="#Page_57">57</a>:<br /> @@ -46928,7 +46887,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= of the ancients, iv. <a href="#Page_430">430</a>:<br /> of the revival of the science, <a href="#Page_436">436</a>:<br /> of Swammerdam and Ray, <a href="#Page_441">441</a>:<br /> - of Linné, <a href="#Page_447">447</a>:<br /> + of Linné, <a href="#Page_447">447</a>:<br /> of Fabricius, <a href="#Page_460">460</a>:<br /> of Latreille, <a href="#Page_465">465</a>:<br /> of MacLeay, <a href="#Page_477">477</a>. @@ -46940,7 +46899,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> <li><i>Excrement</i> of insects, iv. <a href="#Page_125">125</a>:<br /> - larvæ of wasps, bees, &c. have none, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>. + larvæ of wasps, bees, &c. have none, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>. </li> @@ -46987,7 +46946,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= <li><i><a id="Fly"></a>Fly</i>, Abyssinian, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>:<br /> case-worm, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_301">301</a>:<br /> cauliflower, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_190">190</a>:<br /> - chamæleon, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_99">99</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_54">54</a>:<br /> + chamæleon, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_99">99</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_54">54</a>:<br /> cheese, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_280">280</a>:<br /> crane, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_363">363</a>; iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_67">67</a>; iv. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>:<br /> eye, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_130">130</a>:<br /> @@ -47042,7 +47001,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= rabbit, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_166">166</a>:<br /> sheep, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_158">158</a>.</li> -<li>——, has eight tracheæ, iv. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>. +<li>——, has eight tracheæ, iv. <a href="#Page_66">66</a>. </li> @@ -47114,7 +47073,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Gray</i> (Mr.) characters of Linné's orders and genera of insects in Latin verse, iv. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>. +<li><i>Gray</i> (Mr.) characters of Linné's orders and genera of insects in Latin verse, iv. <a href="#Page_457">457</a>. </li> @@ -47145,7 +47104,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= <li><i>Habitations</i> of solitary insects, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_434">434</a>:<br /> of gregarious insects, <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_473">473</a>.</li> -<li>—— curious ones of <i>Tineidæ</i>, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_454">454</a>. +<li>—— curious ones of <i>Tineidæ</i>, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_454">454</a>. </li> @@ -47195,7 +47154,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Herod</i> (Agrippa) destroyed by larvæ, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>. +<li><i>Herod</i> (Agrippa) destroyed by larvæ, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_98">98</a>. </li> @@ -47445,10 +47404,10 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Larvæ</i>, substance of, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>:<br /> +<li><i>Larvæ</i>, substance of, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_110">110</a>:<br /> head, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_112">112</a>:<br /> eyes, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_116">116</a>:<br /> - antennæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_118">118</a>:<br /> + antennæ, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_118">118</a>:<br /> mouth, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_119">119</a>:<br /> trunk and abdomen, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_130">130</a>:<br /> prolegs, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_134">134</a>:<br /> @@ -47483,7 +47442,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= <li><i>Legs</i> of insects, parts of, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_283">283</a>. iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_660">660</a>:<br /> number of, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_652">652</a>; ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_307">307</a>:<br /> acquisition of, by myriapods, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_159">159</a>:<br /> - antennæ supply the place of, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>:<br /> + antennæ supply the place of, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_308">308</a>:<br /> relative location of, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_656">656</a>:<br /> motatory, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_302">302</a>. @@ -47499,7 +47458,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Linné</i>, system of animals, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_5">5</a>:<br /> +<li><i>Linné</i>, system of animals, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_5">5</a>:<br /> of insects, iv. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>. </li> @@ -47554,7 +47513,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Mænomenon</i> of Pliny, what, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_178">178</a>. +<li><i>Mænomenon</i> of Pliny, what, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_178">178</a>. </li> @@ -47740,7 +47699,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= kinds, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>:<br /> point of attachment, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>:<br /> motions, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>:<br /> - muscles of larvæ, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>:<br /> + muscles of larvæ, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>:<br /> of imago head and organs, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>:<br /> of trunk, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>:<br /> of wings, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>:<br /> @@ -48010,7 +47969,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Pupæ</i>, kinds of, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>; iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_237">237</a>:<br /> +<li><i>Pupæ</i>, kinds of, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_65">65</a>; iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_237">237</a>:<br /> Lamarck's and Latreille's division of, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_241">241</a>, note:<br /> integument of, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_243">243</a>:<br /> figure of, <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_245">245</a>:<br /> @@ -48091,7 +48050,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= eggs of, grow, iii. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_91">91</a>:<br /> why hymenopterous, iv. <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_416">416</a>:<br /> their scent organs, ii. <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_248">248</a>:<br /> - slimy larvæ of, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. + slimy larvæ of, <a href="../../43577/43577-h/43577-h.htm#Page_225">225</a>. </li> @@ -48161,7 +48120,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= internal sense, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>:<br /> sight, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>:<br /> hearing, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>:<br /> - antennæ, whether organs of, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>:<br /> + antennæ, whether organs of, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>:<br /> touch, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>:<br /> smell, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>:<br /> taste, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>. @@ -48520,7 +48479,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= </li> -<li><i>Water</i>, stagnant, purified by larvæ, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. +<li><i>Water</i>, stagnant, purified by larvæ, i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_259">259</a>. </li> @@ -48599,7 +48558,7 @@ Zimb i. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_153">153</a>. ii. <a href= <p class="center"><i>By</i> Mr. <span class="smcap">Kirby</span>,</p> -<p class="center">MONOGRAPHIA APUM ANGLIÆ:</p> +<p class="center">MONOGRAPHIA APUM ANGLIÆ:</p> <blockquote style="text-indent:-1em"> <p> @@ -48686,7 +48645,7 @@ price 21. 19s. 6d. boards. </p> <p> -AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF GARDENING; comprising the +AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF GARDENING; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape Gardening; including all the latest Improvements, a general History of Gardening in all Countries, and a Statistical @@ -48697,7 +48656,7 @@ extra boards. </p> <p> -AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF AGRICULTURE; comprising +AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF AGRICULTURE; comprising the Theory and Practice of the Valuation, Transfer, Laying-out, Improvement, and Management of Landed Property; and the Cultivation and Economy of the Animal and Vegetable Productions of @@ -48709,7 +48668,7 @@ on Wood, 2l. 10s. boards. </p> <p> -AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF PLANTS; comprising the Scientific +AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF PLANTS; comprising the Scientific Name, its Authority, Derivation, and Accentuation, Synonym, French, German, Italian, and Spanish Appellation, &c. &c. &c. The whole in English, illustrated with Pictorial Types on a new principle, @@ -48739,7 +48698,7 @@ World described by Cuvier, and other Fossil Zoologists. <p> THE BOOK OF NATURE; being a Popular Illustration of -the general Laws and Phænomena of Creation, in its Unorganized +the general Laws and Phænomena of Creation, in its Unorganized and Organized, its Corporeal and Mental Departments. By <span class="smcap">John Mason Good</span>, M.D. F.R.S. F.R.S.E. 2nd Edit, in 3 Vols. 8vo. 1l. 16s. boards. @@ -48752,7 +48711,7 @@ which we have seen."—<i>Monthly Review.</i> <p> THE ENGLISH FLORA. By <span class="smcap">Sir James E. Smith</span>, M.D. -F.R.S. President of the Linnæan Society, &c. &c. A new Edition +F.R.S. President of the Linnæan Society, &c. &c. A new Edition in 4 Vols. 8vo. 2l. 8s. boards. </p> @@ -48774,7 +48733,7 @@ with 15 Plates, price 14s. plain, or coloured, 1l. 8s. boards. </p> <p> -COMPENDIUM FLORÆ BRITANNICÆ, 7s. 6d. +COMPENDIUM FLORÆ BRITANNICÆ, 7s. 6d. </p> <hr class="tb" /> @@ -48792,7 +48751,7 @@ plates. <p> AN ILLUSTRATED INTRODUCTION TO LAMARCK'S CONCHOLOGY, contained in his "Histoire Naturelle des Animaux -sans Vertèbres;" being a Literal Translation of the Descriptions of +sans Vertèbres;" being a Literal Translation of the Descriptions of the recent and Fossil Genera, accompanied by Twenty-two highly-finished Lithographic Plates, in which are given Instructive Views of the various Genera and their Divisions, drawn from Nature, from @@ -48807,12 +48766,12 @@ Also, just published, <p> AN EPITOME OF LAMARCK'S ARRANGEMENT OF TESTACEA: with illustrative Observations and comparative Tables -of the Systems of Linnæus and Lamarck. By <span class="smcap">C. Dubois</span>, F.L.S. and +of the Systems of Linnæus and Lamarck. By <span class="smcap">C. Dubois</span>, F.L.S. and F.H.S. 8vo. Price 14s. boards. </p> <p> -THE LINNÆAN SYSTEM OF CONCHOLOGY; describing +THE LINNÆAN SYSTEM OF CONCHOLOGY; describing the Orders, Genera, and Species of Shells, arranged into Divisions and Families, with a view to facilitate the Student's Attainment of the Science. By J. <span class="smcap">Mawe</span>. In 8vo. with a Plate to each @@ -48878,7 +48837,7 @@ plain, or 12s. coloured. <p> The object of this Work is to enable young persons to acquire a knowledge of the vegetable productions of their native country; for -this purpose the arrangement of Linnæus is briefly explained, and a +this purpose the arrangement of Linnæus is briefly explained, and a native plant of each class (with a few exceptions) is examined, and illustrated by an engraving; and a short account is added of some of the principal foreign species. @@ -48895,7 +48854,7 @@ with 10 Engravings, price 15s. boards. </p> <p> -THE CABINET CYCLOPÆDIA, conducted by the <span class="smcap">Rev. +THE CABINET CYCLOPÆDIA, conducted by the <span class="smcap">Rev. Dionysius Lardner</span>, LL.D. F.R.S. L. and E. M.R.I.A. M.Z.S. Hon. F.C.P.S. M.A.S. &c. &c. Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy in the University of London, assisted by numerous Eminent @@ -48979,7 +48938,7 @@ pelvic. <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xxii. 524. 527.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Thus in the <i>Molluscæ</i> there must be a great difference in this +<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Thus in the <i>Molluscæ</i> there must be a great difference in this respect, since in some of these the brain or cerebral ganglion has been cut off with the head, and another reproduced. <i>Ibid.</i> xvi. 306. Comp. v. 391.</p> @@ -49007,10 +48966,10 @@ Anat.</i> i. 64.</p> medullary pulp is every where homogeneous; under the microscope it appears to consist of a number of minute conglomerated globules. M. Vauquelin has analysed it, and found it to contain, of water 80 -parts; of albumen in a state of demicoagulation 7·0; of phosphorus -1·50; of osmazone 1·12; of a white and transparent oily matter -4·53; of a similar red do. 0·75; of a little sulphur and some salts -5·15. <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xxii. 531—.</p> +parts; of albumen in a state of demicoagulation 7·0; of phosphorus +1·50; of osmazone 1·12; of a white and transparent oily matter +4·53; of a similar red do. 0·75; of a little sulphur and some salts +5·15. <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xxii. 531—.</p> @@ -49104,7 +49063,7 @@ parts; of albumen in a state of demicoagulation 7·0; of phosphorus -<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Cuv. <i>ubi supr.</i> 342. Gaede N. <i>Act. Acad. Cæs.</i> XL. ii. 323. Cuv. +<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Cuv. <i>ubi supr.</i> 342. Gaede N. <i>Act. Acad. Cæs.</i> XL. ii. 323. Cuv. <i>Ibid.</i> 351.</p> @@ -49587,13 +49546,13 @@ Chang. prod. on Atmosph. Air by Respirat.</i> &c. 69.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">XXIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. and <span class="smcap">Plates</span> VIII. IX. XVI. XXIX. <i>c´</i>,<i>h´´</i>, -<i>m´´</i>, <i>A´´</i>, <i>D´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_155_155" id="Footnote_155_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_155_155"><span class="label">[155]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">XXIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 2. and <span class="smcap">Plates</span> VIII. IX. XVI. XXIX. <i>c´</i>,<i>h´´</i>, +<i>m´´</i>, <i>A´´</i>, <i>D´´</i>.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_156_156" id="Footnote_156_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_156_156"><span class="label">[156]</span></a> Moldenhawers (<i>Anat. der Pflanz.</i> 314—.) affirms that the spiracles -of most insects are quite closed: but Sprengel (<i>Commentar.</i> § 8.) +of most insects are quite closed: but Sprengel (<i>Commentar.</i> § 8.) has satisfactorily refuted that opinion.</p> @@ -49602,7 +49561,7 @@ has satisfactorily refuted that opinion.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> Sprengel, <i>Commentar.</i> § 7.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_158_158" id="Footnote_158_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_158_158"><span class="label">[158]</span></a> Sprengel, <i>Commentar.</i> § 7.</p> @@ -49651,7 +49610,7 @@ has satisfactorily refuted that opinion.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_170_170" id="Footnote_170_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_170_170"><span class="label">[170]</span></a> Sprengel, from whom I have borrowed this quotation, expresses -the time by "<i>scripulo horæ</i>." This word is of uncertain meaning, +the time by "<i>scripulo horæ</i>." This word is of uncertain meaning, being scarcely ever applied to <i>time</i>; but as it means the twenty-fourth part of an ounce, Faber conjectures it may mean the same portion of an <i>hour</i>.</p> @@ -49667,7 +49626,7 @@ supr.</i> 11—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 28. <i>A´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_173_173" id="Footnote_173_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_173_173"><span class="label">[173]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 28. <i>A´´</i>.</p> @@ -49699,11 +49658,11 @@ supr.</i> 11—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> <i>Sphinx Labruscæ</i> Merian <i>Surinam.</i> 34.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_181_181" id="Footnote_181_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_181_181"><span class="label">[181]</span></a> <i>Sphinx Labruscæ</i> Merian <i>Surinam.</i> 34.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 28. <i>A´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_182_182" id="Footnote_182_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_182_182"><span class="label">[182]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 28. <i>A´´</i>.</p> @@ -49712,7 +49671,7 @@ Fu.</i> i. <i>t.</i> v. <i>f.</i> r.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. <i>c´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_184_184" id="Footnote_184_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_184_184"><span class="label">[184]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. <i>c´</i>.</p> @@ -49737,11 +49696,11 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_549">549</a>—.) there see -<p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14. h´´.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_190_190" id="Footnote_190_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_190_190"><span class="label">[190]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VIII">VIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14. h´´.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14, 15. m´´.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_191_191" id="Footnote_191_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_191_191"><span class="label">[191]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 14, 15. m´´.</p> @@ -49753,7 +49712,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_549">549</a>—.) there see -<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">Ibid</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 25. <i>k´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_194_194" id="Footnote_194_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_194_194"><span class="label">[194]</span></a> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">Ibid</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 25. <i>k´´</i>.</p> @@ -49761,7 +49720,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_549">549</a>—.) there see -<p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21. <i>m´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_196_196" id="Footnote_196_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_196_196"><span class="label">[196]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_IX">IX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 21. <i>m´´</i>.</p> @@ -49806,7 +49765,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_549">549</a>—.) there see -<p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 20. <i>A´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_207_207" id="Footnote_207_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_207_207"><span class="label">[207]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXIX">XXIX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 20. <i>A´´</i>.</p> @@ -49820,7 +49779,7 @@ p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_549">549</a>—.) there see <p><a name="Footnote_210_210" id="Footnote_210_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_210_210"><span class="label">[210]</span></a> De Geer vi. 67. <i>t.</i> iii. <i>f.</i> 10. <i>ss.</i> 14. Mr. W. S. MacLeay (<i>Philos. Mag. N. Ser.</i> No. 9. 178.) says that in this grub the longitudinal -trunks of the Tracheæ send off at equal distances lateral branches +trunks of the Tracheæ send off at equal distances lateral branches just as if there were spiracula to correspond with them. This is evidently a preparatory step to the formation of those that ultimately appear in the perfect insect.</p> @@ -49884,7 +49843,7 @@ appear in the perfect insect.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_224_224" id="Footnote_224_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_224_224"><span class="label">[224]</span></a> Mr. W. S. MacLeay (<i>Philos. Mag. N. Ser.</i> n. 9. 179.) asserts that what Reaumur (iv. 487. <i>t.</i> xxx. <i>f.</i> 6. <i>ll</i>) calls the first pair of legs of this grub, are the usual palmated stigmata which occur on the humerus -of the larvæ of <i>Muscidæ</i>. It does not appear whether he has +of the larvæ of <i>Muscidæ</i>. It does not appear whether he has himself examined this grub, but Reaumur (443) states that it has <i>seven pairs of legs all armed with claws</i>. If this is correct, it is not properly a palmated organ.</p> @@ -50016,8 +49975,8 @@ properly a palmated organ.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_256_256" id="Footnote_256_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_256_256"><span class="label">[256]</span></a> Marcel de Serres (<i>Mem. du Mus.</i> 1819. 137, &c.) calls the <i>tubular -tracheæ</i> that <i>receive</i> the air, <i>arterial tracheæ</i>, and the <i>vesicular</i> -ones which act as <i>reservoirs</i>, <i>pulmonary tracheæ</i>.</p> +tracheæ</i> that <i>receive</i> the air, <i>arterial tracheæ</i>, and the <i>vesicular</i> +ones which act as <i>reservoirs</i>, <i>pulmonary tracheæ</i>.</p> @@ -50114,10 +50073,10 @@ tunic is the spiral thread (437).</p> <p><a name="Footnote_279_279" id="Footnote_279_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_279_279"><span class="label">[279]</span></a> Professor Kidd (<i>Philos. Trans.</i> -1825. 235.) conjectures that the tracheæ, as well as air-vessels, may +1825. 235.) conjectures that the tracheæ, as well as air-vessels, may possibly be blood-vessels; but this hypothesis is inconsistent with the fact recently discovered by Dr. Carus, of a circulation, by other -means, in larvæ. See Carus <i>Introd. to Comp. Anat.</i> &c. ii. 400.</p> +means, in larvæ. See Carus <i>Introd. to Comp. Anat.</i> &c. ii. 400.</p> @@ -50503,7 +50462,7 @@ present. <i>Opusc. de. Phys.</i> i. 141.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_372_372" id="Footnote_372_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_372_372"><span class="label">[372]</span></a> Lyonet says (426), "au-delà de trois millions de fois plus petits +<p><a name="Footnote_372_372" id="Footnote_372_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_372_372"><span class="label">[372]</span></a> Lyonet says (426), "au-delà de trois millions de fois plus petits qu'un grain de sable"!!</p> @@ -50578,7 +50537,7 @@ that undergo metamorphoses, in which the growth or development of parts is often very rapid, it is requisite that a considerable portion of the chyle should be in reserve for this purpose. On this account it is that the <i>Epiploon</i> or adipose tissue is so abundant in -larvæ to what it is in the perfect insect. That the importance also of +larvæ to what it is in the perfect insect. That the importance also of this part to insects is proved by the circumstance, that all their interior parts communicate by fibrils with this tissue, and that probably their various organs derive the nutriment from it by their means. @@ -50587,7 +50546,7 @@ means does the chyle which transudes from the intestinal canal pass to the state of fat? Facts seem to indicate, says he, that the function of the dorsal vessel is to pump up the chyle, and to cause it then to transude through the meshes of the adipose tissue, where it -finishes by elaborating that mass of fat so abundant in larvæ and +finishes by elaborating that mass of fat so abundant in larvæ and certain perfect insects, which are thus enabled to sustain the effects of a long fast. So that this vessel is only a <i>secretory</i> organ, analogous to so many others that exist in insects; but the secretion which @@ -51325,7 +51284,7 @@ been of greater diameter.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_558_558" id="Footnote_558_558"></a><a href="#FNanchor_558_558"><span class="label">[558]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> <i>t.</i> xix. <i>f.</i> 2. <i>K L.</i> This organ seems analogous to that with four retractile fleshy horns, observed -by Reaumur and De Geer in other species of <i>Muscidæ</i>. +by Reaumur and De Geer in other species of <i>Muscidæ</i>. Reaum. iv. <i>t.</i> xxviii. <i>f.</i> 13. <i>a, s.</i> De Geer vi. <i>t.</i> iii. <i>f.</i> 18. <i>c, d.</i></p> @@ -51978,11 +51937,11 @@ maintaining in due activity the vivifying principle, or <i>aura seminalis</i>.</ <p><a name="Footnote_712_712" id="Footnote_712_712"></a><a href="#FNanchor_712_712"><span class="label">[712]</span></a> Treviran. <i>Arachnid.</i> 36. -<i>t.</i> iv. <i>f.</i> 32. <i>aa.</i> Marcel de Serres in <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 89.</p> +<i>t.</i> iv. <i>f.</i> 32. <i>aa.</i> Marcel de Serres in <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 89.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_713_713" id="Footnote_713_713"></a><a href="#FNanchor_713_713"><span class="label">[713]</span></a> Marcel de Serres, <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 115.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_713_713" id="Footnote_713_713"></a><a href="#FNanchor_713_713"><span class="label">[713]</span></a> Marcel de Serres, <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 115.</p> @@ -51990,7 +51949,7 @@ maintaining in due activity the vivifying principle, or <i>aura seminalis</i>.</ -<p><a name="Footnote_715_715" id="Footnote_715_715"></a><a href="#FNanchor_715_715"><span class="label">[715]</span></a> Marcel de Serres in <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 109. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXX">XXX</a>. +<p><a name="Footnote_715_715" id="Footnote_715_715"></a><a href="#FNanchor_715_715"><span class="label">[715]</span></a> Marcel de Serres in <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 109. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXX">XXX</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. <i>a.</i></p> @@ -52139,7 +52098,7 @@ Nat.</i> xxx. 387—. Swamm. <i>ubi supr.</i> ii. 23. <i>t.</i> xxxv. <i>f.< <p><a name="Footnote_751_751" id="Footnote_751_751"></a><a href="#FNanchor_751_751"><span class="label">[751]</span></a> This insect, which connects <i>Conocephalus</i>, <i>Acrida</i>, &c. with <i>Locusta</i>, -is also distinguished by antennæ at first filiform and then +is also distinguished by antennæ at first filiform and then setaceous.</p> @@ -52168,7 +52127,7 @@ setaceous.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_758_758" id="Footnote_758_758"></a><a href="#FNanchor_758_758"><span class="label">[758]</span></a> Valisn. <i>Esperienz. &c. Musca dé Rosai.</i> Reaum. v. 100—. +<p><a name="Footnote_758_758" id="Footnote_758_758"></a><a href="#FNanchor_758_758"><span class="label">[758]</span></a> Valisn. <i>Esperienz. &c. Musca dé Rosai.</i> Reaum. v. 100—. De Geer ii. 916—. The last writer thought he saw in the back of the saw itself a longitudinal cavity (918), which applied to the groove would form an open canal.</p> @@ -52240,7 +52199,7 @@ De Geer's. I cannot make out the little appendage at the end.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_774_774" id="Footnote_774_774"></a><a href="#FNanchor_774_774"><span class="label">[774]</span></a> It does not appear to be clearly decided whether the eggs are extruded from the female, or whether dying immediately after fecundation -they are hatched within her body. As the young larvæ certainly +they are hatched within her body. As the young larvæ certainly are hatched in the pupa (not merely within the exterior case of bits of grass, &c., which includes it) which the body of the insect must fill, it does not seem easy to conceive how she can find room @@ -52523,11 +52482,11 @@ Chabrier <i>ubi supr.</i> c. iii. <i>t.</i> xi. viii. <i>f.</i> 9. S. D. <i>i, k -<p><a name="Footnote_841_841" id="Footnote_841_841"></a><a href="#FNanchor_841_841"><span class="label">[841]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_366">366</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1, 4. n´.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_841_841" id="Footnote_841_841"></a><a href="#FNanchor_841_841"><span class="label">[841]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_366">366</a>. <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXVII">XXVII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 1, 4. n´.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_842_842" id="Footnote_842_842"></a><a href="#FNanchor_842_842"><span class="label">[842]</span></a> Ibid. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. n´.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_842_842" id="Footnote_842_842"></a><a href="#FNanchor_842_842"><span class="label">[842]</span></a> Ibid. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 3. n´.</p> @@ -52564,7 +52523,7 @@ Chabrier <i>ubi supr.</i> c. iii. <i>t.</i> xi. viii. <i>f.</i> 9. S. D. <i>i, k -<p><a name="Footnote_851_851" id="Footnote_851_851"></a><a href="#FNanchor_851_851"><span class="label">[851]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXII">XXII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11. <i>h´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_851_851" id="Footnote_851_851"></a><a href="#FNanchor_851_851"><span class="label">[851]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="#PLATE_XXII">XXII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 11. <i>h´</i>.</p> @@ -52845,7 +52804,7 @@ metaphragm. Ibid. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. a.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_920_920" id="Footnote_920_920"></a><a href="#FNanchor_920_920"><span class="label">[920]</span></a> <i>The Principles of Botany and of Vegetable Physiology</i>, § 310-353.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_920_920" id="Footnote_920_920"></a><a href="#FNanchor_920_920"><span class="label">[920]</span></a> <i>The Principles of Botany and of Vegetable Physiology</i>, § 310-353.</p> @@ -52971,7 +52930,7 @@ are opened, they will be found filled with that substance.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_949_949" id="Footnote_949_949"></a><a href="#FNanchor_949_949"><span class="label">[949]</span></a> <i>Hist. Ins.</i> Præf. xv.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_949_949" id="Footnote_949_949"></a><a href="#FNanchor_949_949"><span class="label">[949]</span></a> <i>Hist. Ins.</i> Præf. xv.</p> @@ -52995,7 +52954,7 @@ are opened, they will be found filled with that substance.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_955_955" id="Footnote_955_955"></a><a href="#FNanchor_955_955"><span class="label">[955]</span></a> De Geer i. 608. Linné has made a mistake with regard to the +<p><a name="Footnote_955_955" id="Footnote_955_955"></a><a href="#FNanchor_955_955"><span class="label">[955]</span></a> De Geer i. 608. Linné has made a mistake with regard to the Ichneumon here alluded to, in calling De Geer's saltatorious Ichneumon <i>I. Muscarum</i>, and referring for it to <i>t.</i> xxxii. <i>f.</i> 19, 20 of that author; whereas the Ichneumon that preys upon the aphidivorous @@ -53012,7 +52971,7 @@ The jumping one feeds on the larva of a <i>Coccinella</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_958_958" id="Footnote_958_958"></a><a href="#FNanchor_958_958"><span class="label">[958]</span></a> Linné evidently has described another species under <i>I. Ovulorum</i>, +<p><a name="Footnote_958_958" id="Footnote_958_958"></a><a href="#FNanchor_958_958"><span class="label">[958]</span></a> Linné evidently has described another species under <i>I. Ovulorum</i>, in <i>Fn. Suec.</i> 1644.</p> @@ -53117,8 +53076,8 @@ calls <i>Ceraphron Destructor</i>.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_983_983" id="Footnote_983_983"></a><a href="#FNanchor_983_983"><span class="label">[983]</span></a> De Geer, i. 605. This, as before observed, is not the <i>I. Muscarum</i> -of Linné; but it ought to have that name, and the other instead -to be named, <i>I. Coccinellæ</i>.</p> +of Linné; but it ought to have that name, and the other instead +to be named, <i>I. Coccinellæ</i>.</p> @@ -53260,7 +53219,7 @@ body, sent him by M. Girard, a surgeon of Guadaloupe.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1018_1018" id="Footnote_1018_1018"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1018_1018"><span class="label">[1018]</span></a> Rösel I. iii. 20.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1018_1018" id="Footnote_1018_1018"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1018_1018"><span class="label">[1018]</span></a> Rösel I. iii. 20.</p> @@ -53389,12 +53348,12 @@ body, sent him by M. Girard, a surgeon of Guadaloupe.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1050_1050" id="Footnote_1050_1050"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1050_1050"><span class="label">[1050]</span></a> Marcel de Serres thinks he has discovered an organ of hearing -in most insects, but he does not state its situation. <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> +in most insects, but he does not state its situation. <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 99. Treviranus, with regard to the <i>Blattina</i>, suspects it to be -situated between the eye and the base of the antennæ, perhaps alluding +situated between the eye and the base of the antennæ, perhaps alluding to the spot noticed above. (<span class="smcap">Vol.</span> III. p. <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#Page_505">505</a>.) Carus, who mentions the above, says, "Is it not reasonable to ask if the sense -of hearing may not reside in the membrane which connects the antennæ +of hearing may not reside in the membrane which connects the antennæ with the head?" <i>Introd. to Comp. Anat.</i> i. 80—.</p> @@ -53480,7 +53439,7 @@ organ of smell in that animal. 265, 303.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1070_1070" id="Footnote_1070_1070"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1070_1070"><span class="label">[1070]</span></a> <i>Introd. to Comp. Anat.</i> i. 76. The part he alludes to, is figured -<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. a. g´.</p> +<span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_VI">VI</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 4. a. g´.</p> @@ -53558,13 +53517,13 @@ gibbous.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1085_1085" id="Footnote_1085_1085"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1085_1085"><span class="label">[1085]</span></a> We employ the term <i>æquatus</i> instead of <i>æqualis</i> commonly used -in this sense, because <i>æqualis</i> is also applied to magnitude, to which +<p><a name="Footnote_1085_1085" id="Footnote_1085_1085"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1085_1085"><span class="label">[1085]</span></a> We employ the term <i>æquatus</i> instead of <i>æqualis</i> commonly used +in this sense, because <i>æqualis</i> is also applied to magnitude, to which we would restrict it.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1086_1086" id="Footnote_1086_1086"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1086_1086"><span class="label">[1086]</span></a> I do not find in Schönherr (<i>Curculionid. Method. Disp.</i>) any +<p><a name="Footnote_1086_1086" id="Footnote_1086_1086"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1086_1086"><span class="label">[1086]</span></a> I do not find in Schönherr (<i>Curculionid. Method. Disp.</i>) any genus or subgenus of Rhyncophorous beetles the characters of which correspond with those of the insect here alluded to, which I once thought might be a <i>Cyphus</i> Germ. but it is not. It appears common @@ -53595,7 +53554,7 @@ sericeus</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1092_1092" id="Footnote_1092_1092"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1092_1092"><span class="label">[1092]</span></a> Linné in <i>Coccinella</i> has employed the term <i>Gutta</i> for a white or +<p><a name="Footnote_1092_1092" id="Footnote_1092_1092"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1092_1092"><span class="label">[1092]</span></a> Linné in <i>Coccinella</i> has employed the term <i>Gutta</i> for a white or yellow spot in a darker ground, and <i>Pustula</i> for a red spot in a black ground. We thought one term sufficient to express spots bigger than atoms.</p> @@ -53622,7 +53581,7 @@ adopted in a correspondence on the subject of Entomology.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1097_1097" id="Footnote_1097_1097"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1097_1097"><span class="label">[1097]</span></a> Oliv. <i>Ins.</i> N<sup>o</sup>. 44. <i>Pæderus.</i> <i>t.</i> i. <i>f.</i> 1. e.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1097_1097" id="Footnote_1097_1097"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1097_1097"><span class="label">[1097]</span></a> Oliv. <i>Ins.</i> N<sup>o</sup>. 44. <i>Pæderus.</i> <i>t.</i> i. <i>f.</i> 1. e.</p> @@ -53631,7 +53590,7 @@ adopted in a correspondence on the subject of Entomology.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1099_1099" id="Footnote_1099_1099"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1099_1099"><span class="label">[1099]</span></a> <i>Fn. Suec.</i> 1183. Fabricius has not admitted this moth among -his <i>Noctuæ</i>, I know not why.</p> +his <i>Noctuæ</i>, I know not why.</p> @@ -53649,7 +53608,7 @@ his <i>Noctuæ</i>, I know not why.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1103_1103" id="Footnote_1103_1103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1103_1103"><span class="label">[1103]</span></a> Chabrier <i>Sur le Vol des Insectes</i>. <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> <i>t.</i> viii. 55.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1103_1103" id="Footnote_1103_1103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1103_1103"><span class="label">[1103]</span></a> Chabrier <i>Sur le Vol des Insectes</i>. <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> <i>t.</i> viii. 55.</p> @@ -53681,11 +53640,11 @@ An <i>Acrida</i> with this spot is figured by Professor Lichtenstein. <p><a name="Footnote_1108_1108" id="Footnote_1108_1108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1108_1108"><span class="label">[1108]</span></a> <i>Linn. Trans.</i> v. <i>t.</i> iv. <i>f.</i> 10, 11. From my specimens, which are not in a very good state, I cannot ascertain whether this belongs to any of the modern genera into which the <i>Ichneumones minuti</i> of -Linné are now divided.</p> +Linné are now divided.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1109_1109" id="Footnote_1109_1109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1109_1109"><span class="label">[1109]</span></a> To this genus or subgenus <i>Scarabæus Syphax</i>, <i>Antæus</i>, <i>Titanus</i>, +<p><a name="Footnote_1109_1109" id="Footnote_1109_1109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1109_1109"><span class="label">[1109]</span></a> To this genus or subgenus <i>Scarabæus Syphax</i>, <i>Antæus</i>, <i>Titanus</i>, &c. belong.</p> @@ -53842,7 +53801,7 @@ that there are <i>natural</i> genera. <i>Hor. Ent.</i> 492.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1143_1143" id="Footnote_1143_1143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1143_1143"><span class="label">[1143]</span></a> Even those animals that like the <i>Spongiæ</i> and <i>Alcyonia</i> are aggregate, +<p><a name="Footnote_1143_1143" id="Footnote_1143_1143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1143_1143"><span class="label">[1143]</span></a> Even those animals that like the <i>Spongiæ</i> and <i>Alcyonia</i> are aggregate, and fixed by a common base, have a partial degree of voluntary locomotion in their cells.</p> @@ -53872,7 +53831,7 @@ locomotion in their cells.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1150_1150" id="Footnote_1150_1150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1150_1150"><span class="label">[1150]</span></a> Savigny <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> II. i. 3.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1150_1150" id="Footnote_1150_1150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1150_1150"><span class="label">[1150]</span></a> Savigny <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> II. i. 3.</p> @@ -54060,8 +54019,8 @@ its eggs under bark; it seems incapable of boring.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1194_1194" id="Footnote_1194_1194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1194_1194"><span class="label">[1194]</span></a> Since this was written, Mr. Stephens has showed me a remarkable Hymenopterous insect -taken by him in Hertfordshire, which appears to have the antennæ -of one of the <i>Ichneumonidæ</i> and the wings and abdomen of a <i>Tenthredo</i> +taken by him in Hertfordshire, which appears to have the antennæ +of one of the <i>Ichneumonidæ</i> and the wings and abdomen of a <i>Tenthredo</i> L., so as to form a link connecting the two tribes or suborders. This may probably have a vermiform larva.</p> @@ -54138,9 +54097,9 @@ might be an improvement.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1211_1211" id="Footnote_1211_1211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1211_1211"><span class="label">[1211]</span></a> From θριξ, τριχος, <i>hair</i>. Mr. MacLeay, thinking it indisputable -that the <i>Perlidæ</i> should be included in this Order, suggests the +that the <i>Perlidæ</i> should be included in this Order, suggests the propriety of changing its name, both as inapplicable, and as being -preoccupied by a Dipterous genus. As I do not think the <i>Perlidæ</i> +preoccupied by a Dipterous genus. As I do not think the <i>Perlidæ</i> belong to the Order, and as the great body of the <i>Trichoptera</i> are distinguished by <i>hairy</i> upper wings, I cannot think the name improper: but to apply a name to a <i>Genus</i> which terminates like the denominations @@ -54156,7 +54115,7 @@ of <i>Orders</i>, I think leads to mistakes, and should not be tolerated.— -<p><a name="Footnote_1214_1214" id="Footnote_1214_1214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1214_1214"><span class="label">[1214]</span></a> The location of the legs together, their long coxæ, and their +<p><a name="Footnote_1214_1214" id="Footnote_1214_1214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1214_1214"><span class="label">[1214]</span></a> The location of the legs together, their long coxæ, and their calcaria, are analogous also to those of the <i>Lepidoptera</i>.</p> @@ -54171,7 +54130,7 @@ Geer vi. 169—. <i>t.</i> x. <i>f.</i> 7, 8.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1217_1217" id="Footnote_1217_1217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1217_1217"><span class="label">[1217]</span></a> De Geer ii. 511—. He however observes, that they often attack -other insects: but the form of their mandibulæ, like that of the +other insects: but the form of their mandibulæ, like that of the caterpillars of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, which also on some occasions become carnivorous (<span class="smcap">Vol.</span> I. p. <a href="../../43576/43576-h/43576-h.htm#Page_386">386</a>), is fitted for a vegetable diet. De Geer, <i>Ibid.</i> 505.</p> @@ -54313,7 +54272,7 @@ Physiq.</i> IV. iii. 17. <i>t.</i> lxix. <i>f.</i> 7, <i>b</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1250_1250" id="Footnote_1250_1250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1250_1250"><span class="label">[1250]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 57—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1250_1250" id="Footnote_1250_1250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1250_1250"><span class="label">[1250]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 57—.</p> @@ -54321,8 +54280,8 @@ Physiq.</i> IV. iii. 17. <i>t.</i> lxix. <i>f.</i> 7, <i>b</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1252_1252" id="Footnote_1252_1252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1252_1252"><span class="label">[1252]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. <i>T´´</i>. -Plate <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">XXIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15. 17. <i>T´´</i>.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1252_1252" id="Footnote_1252_1252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1252_1252"><span class="label">[1252]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 10. <i>T´´</i>. +Plate <a href="#PLATE_XXIII">XXIII</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 15. 17. <i>T´´</i>.</p> @@ -54374,7 +54333,7 @@ posterior pediform. -<p><a name="Footnote_1262_1262" id="Footnote_1262_1262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1262_1262"><span class="label">[1262]</span></a> <i>Familles Naturelles du Règne Animal.</i></p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1262_1262" id="Footnote_1262_1262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1262_1262"><span class="label">[1262]</span></a> <i>Familles Naturelles du Règne Animal.</i></p> @@ -54386,7 +54345,7 @@ posterior pediform. -<p><a name="Footnote_1265_1265" id="Footnote_1265_1265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1265_1265"><span class="label">[1265]</span></a> <i>Coléopt. d'Europe</i> i. 75.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1265_1265" id="Footnote_1265_1265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1265_1265"><span class="label">[1265]</span></a> <i>Coléopt. d'Europe</i> i. 75.</p> @@ -54394,7 +54353,7 @@ posterior pediform. larva of <i>Cicindela</i> may be regarded as <i>Araneidiform</i>: this is further confirmed by its having <i>eight</i> eyes, (and not <i>six</i>,) as I have since discovered, and by the aspect of its large head and prothorax. The -other larvæ of the <i>Adephag</i>an<i>a</i> have <i>twelve</i> eyes.—Mr. Stephens +other larvæ of the <i>Adephag</i>an<i>a</i> have <i>twelve</i> eyes.—Mr. Stephens (<i>Illustrations of British Entomology</i>, n<sup>o</sup>. xv. p. 175.) has confirmed the above statement, as to the number of eyes of the larva of <i>Cicindela</i>.</p> @@ -54429,26 +54388,26 @@ to the <i>number</i>, he forsakes it in the <i>construction</i> of his groups. <p> The obvious primary sections of the Lepidoptera, which have been evident to almost every one who has at all studied the Order, -are the <i>three</i> named in the text, corresponding with Linné's genera -<i>Papilio</i>, <i>Sphinx</i>, and <i>Phalæna</i>. The groups of the last or nocturnal +are the <i>three</i> named in the text, corresponding with Linné's genera +<i>Papilio</i>, <i>Sphinx</i>, and <i>Phalæna</i>. The groups of the last or nocturnal section, which Dr. Horsfield has elevated to the same rank with the two first, are evidently not of equal value, nor to be placed upon the -same platform; for the <i>Bombycidæ</i>, <i>Noctuidæ</i>, and <i>Phalænidæ</i>, are +same platform; for the <i>Bombycidæ</i>, <i>Noctuidæ</i>, and <i>Phalænidæ</i>, are clearly of a <i>secondary</i> rank. Indeed this section is resolvable into <i>more</i> groups of <i>equal</i> value than the learned Doctor has assigned to -it; for the <i>Tortricidæ</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, &c. are not so united to the Geometers, -or genuine <i>Phalænidæ</i>, as to form with them a <i>primary</i> group +it; for the <i>Tortricidæ</i>, <i>Tineidæ</i>, &c. are not so united to the Geometers, +or genuine <i>Phalænidæ</i>, as to form with them a <i>primary</i> group of the <i>Nocturnal Lepidoptera</i>, but are themselves entitled <i>separately</i> to that distinction. This will be evident to every one who will take -the trouble to compare the larvæ and their habits, of the two tribes, +the trouble to compare the larvæ and their habits, of the two tribes, as well as the perfect insects. </p> <p> In the construction of his groups, he seems not to have discovered in the <i>Lepidoptera</i> a great typical group resolvable into <i>two</i>, or at least he has not built his system on this foundation, which appears an essential part of the quinary arrangement. (See Mr. W. S. MacLeay -in <i>Linn. Trans.</i> xiv. 56—.) As to <i>value</i>, the <i>Papilionidæ</i> constitute -the typical group or centre of the Order, though the <i>Phalænidæ</i> +in <i>Linn. Trans.</i> xiv. 56—.) As to <i>value</i>, the <i>Papilionidæ</i> constitute +the typical group or centre of the Order, though the <i>Phalænidæ</i> prevail as to <i>numbers</i>: but neither of these are resolvable into two primary groups.</p> @@ -54482,7 +54441,7 @@ the same law.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1278_1278" id="Footnote_1278_1278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1278_1278"><span class="label">[1278]</span></a> Viz. 1. <i>Copris Hesperus</i>; 2. <i>C. reflexa</i>; 3. <i>C. Sabæus</i>; 4. <i>C. lunaris</i>; +<p><a name="Footnote_1278_1278" id="Footnote_1278_1278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1278_1278"><span class="label">[1278]</span></a> Viz. 1. <i>Copris Hesperus</i>; 2. <i>C. reflexa</i>; 3. <i>C. Sabæus</i>; 4. <i>C. lunaris</i>; 5. <i>C. Carolina</i>; 6. <i>C. Œdipus</i>; 7. <i>C. Midas</i>; 8. <i>C. capucina</i>; 9. <i>C. Bucephalus</i>; 10. <i>C. Molossus</i>; 11. <i>C. Eridanus</i>; 12. <i>C. sexdentata</i> K.</p> @@ -54511,11 +54470,11 @@ enemy.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1283_1283" id="Footnote_1283_1283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1283_1283"><span class="label">[1283]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 20—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1283_1283" id="Footnote_1283_1283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1283_1283"><span class="label">[1283]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 20—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1284_1284" id="Footnote_1284_1284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1284_1284"><span class="label">[1284]</span></a> <i>Horæ Entomologicæ.</i></p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1284_1284" id="Footnote_1284_1284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1284_1284"><span class="label">[1284]</span></a> <i>Horæ Entomologicæ.</i></p> @@ -54556,7 +54515,7 @@ is figured in the fifth Number of the <i>Zoological Journal</i>.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1292_1292" id="Footnote_1292_1292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1292_1292"><span class="label">[1292]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 20—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1292_1292" id="Footnote_1292_1292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1292_1292"><span class="label">[1292]</span></a> <i>Mém. sur les Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> I. i. 20—.</p> @@ -54589,7 +54548,7 @@ which he calls <i>Aspistes berolinensis</i> (<i>Dipt.</i> i. 319. <i>t.</i> xi. -<p><a name="Footnote_1300_1300" id="Footnote_1300_1300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1300_1300"><span class="label">[1300]</span></a> <i>Prædones</i> Latr., &c.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1300_1300" id="Footnote_1300_1300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1300_1300"><span class="label">[1300]</span></a> <i>Prædones</i> Latr., &c.</p> @@ -54605,7 +54564,7 @@ which he calls <i>Aspistes berolinensis</i> (<i>Dipt.</i> i. 319. <i>t.</i> xi. -<p><a name="Footnote_1304_1304" id="Footnote_1304_1304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1304_1304"><span class="label">[1304]</span></a> <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 136.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1304_1304" id="Footnote_1304_1304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1304_1304"><span class="label">[1304]</span></a> <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 136.</p> @@ -54637,7 +54596,7 @@ which he calls <i>Aspistes berolinensis</i> (<i>Dipt.</i> i. 319. <i>t.</i> xi. -<p><a name="Footnote_1312_1312" id="Footnote_1312_1312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1312_1312"><span class="label">[1312]</span></a> This insect, except in its antennæ, so nearly resembles a <i>Nirmus</i>, +<p><a name="Footnote_1312_1312" id="Footnote_1312_1312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1312_1312"><span class="label">[1312]</span></a> This insect, except in its antennæ, so nearly resembles a <i>Nirmus</i>, that it might be mistaken for one. See Coquebert <i>Illustr. Icon.</i> i. <i>t.</i> ii. <i>f.</i> 14.</p> @@ -54835,7 +54794,7 @@ say, the attempt is concealed."</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1358_1358" id="Footnote_1358_1358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1358_1358"><span class="label">[1358]</span></a> Lister's Goedart, <i>Præf.</i> ii.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1358_1358" id="Footnote_1358_1358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1358_1358"><span class="label">[1358]</span></a> Lister's Goedart, <i>Præf.</i> ii.</p> @@ -54875,7 +54834,7 @@ say, the attempt is concealed."</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1368_1368" id="Footnote_1368_1368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1368_1368"><span class="label">[1368]</span></a> Larvæ.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1368_1368" id="Footnote_1368_1368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1368_1368"><span class="label">[1368]</span></a> Larvæ.</p> @@ -54919,7 +54878,7 @@ say, the attempt is concealed."</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1379_1379" id="Footnote_1379_1379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1379_1379"><span class="label">[1379]</span></a> <i>Vespidæ.</i></p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1379_1379" id="Footnote_1379_1379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1379_1379"><span class="label">[1379]</span></a> <i>Vespidæ.</i></p> @@ -54939,7 +54898,7 @@ say, the attempt is concealed."</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1384_1384" id="Footnote_1384_1384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1384_1384"><span class="label">[1384]</span></a> <i>Pimpla Manifestator</i>, and other <i>Ichneumonidæ</i>, with a long ovipositor.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1384_1384" id="Footnote_1384_1384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1384_1384"><span class="label">[1384]</span></a> <i>Pimpla Manifestator</i>, and other <i>Ichneumonidæ</i>, with a long ovipositor.</p> @@ -54956,13 +54915,13 @@ in associating with them the <i>Chalcidites</i>, whose metamorphosis is really d -<p><a name="Footnote_1388_1388" id="Footnote_1388_1388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1388_1388"><span class="label">[1388]</span></a> Ray died in 1705, and Linné was born in 1707.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1388_1388" id="Footnote_1388_1388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1388_1388"><span class="label">[1388]</span></a> Ray died in 1705, and Linné was born in 1707.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1389_1389" id="Footnote_1389_1389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1389_1389"><span class="label">[1389]</span></a> When a boy he attempted to introduce wasps and bees into his father's garden, to the great annoyance of the old gentleman.—Stœver's -<i>Life of Linnæus</i>, 4.</p> +<i>Life of Linnæus</i>, 4.</p> @@ -54982,7 +54941,7 @@ father's garden, to the great annoyance of the old gentleman.—Stœver' -<p><a name="Footnote_1394_1394" id="Footnote_1394_1394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1394_1394"><span class="label">[1394]</span></a> <i>Fn. Suec.</i> Præf.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1394_1394" id="Footnote_1394_1394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1394_1394"><span class="label">[1394]</span></a> <i>Fn. Suec.</i> Præf.</p> @@ -54990,7 +54949,7 @@ father's garden, to the great annoyance of the old gentleman.—Stœver' -<p><a name="Footnote_1396_1396" id="Footnote_1396_1396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1396_1396"><span class="label">[1396]</span></a> <i>Histoire abrégée des Insectes.</i></p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1396_1396" id="Footnote_1396_1396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1396_1396"><span class="label">[1396]</span></a> <i>Histoire abrégée des Insectes.</i></p> @@ -54998,7 +54957,7 @@ father's garden, to the great annoyance of the old gentleman.—Stœver' -<p><a name="Footnote_1398_1398" id="Footnote_1398_1398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1398_1398"><span class="label">[1398]</span></a> The first volume of his <i>Mémoires</i> was published in 1752.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1398_1398" id="Footnote_1398_1398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1398_1398"><span class="label">[1398]</span></a> The first volume of his <i>Mémoires</i> was published in 1752.</p> @@ -55007,7 +54966,7 @@ and last in 1742.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1400_1400" id="Footnote_1400_1400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1400_1400"><span class="label">[1400]</span></a> Reaum. i. Mém. vi. vii. and Mém. ii. 68—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1400_1400" id="Footnote_1400_1400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1400_1400"><span class="label">[1400]</span></a> Reaum. i. Mém. vi. vii. and Mém. ii. 68—.</p> @@ -55048,14 +55007,14 @@ first President.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1407_1407" id="Footnote_1407_1407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1407_1407"><span class="label">[1407]</span></a> Linné is recorded to have said, "Si Dominus Fabricius venit cum +<p><a name="Footnote_1407_1407" id="Footnote_1407_1407"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1407_1407"><span class="label">[1407]</span></a> Linné is recorded to have said, "Si Dominus Fabricius venit cum aliquo <i>Insecto</i>, et Dominus Zoega cum aliquo <i>Musco</i>, tunc ego pileum -detraho et dico: Estote doctores mei." Stœver's <i>Life of Linnæus</i>. +detraho et dico: Estote doctores mei." Stœver's <i>Life of Linnæus</i>. 186.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1408_1408" id="Footnote_1408_1408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1408_1408"><span class="label">[1408]</span></a> Fab. <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> Præf.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1408_1408" id="Footnote_1408_1408"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1408_1408"><span class="label">[1408]</span></a> Fab. <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> Præf.</p> @@ -55063,7 +55022,7 @@ detraho et dico: Estote doctores mei." Stœver's <i>Life of Linnæus</i>. -<p><a name="Footnote_1410_1410" id="Footnote_1410_1410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1410_1410"><span class="label">[1410]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> vi. §. 2. <i>Syst. Ent.</i> Prolegom.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1410_1410" id="Footnote_1410_1410"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1410_1410"><span class="label">[1410]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> vi. §. 2. <i>Syst. Ent.</i> Prolegom.</p> @@ -55121,13 +55080,13 @@ or tract.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1424_1424" id="Footnote_1424_1424"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1424_1424"><span class="label">[1424]</span></a> Dispositio insectorum sistit -divisiones s. conjunctiones eorum, et est <i>artificialis</i> quæ <i>Classes</i> et -<i>Ordines</i>, et <i>naturalis</i> quæ <i>genera</i>, <i>species</i>, et <i>varietates</i> docet. <i>Philos. -Entomol.</i> vi. §. 2.</p> +divisiones s. conjunctiones eorum, et est <i>artificialis</i> quæ <i>Classes</i> et +<i>Ordines</i>, et <i>naturalis</i> quæ <i>genera</i>, <i>species</i>, et <i>varietates</i> docet. <i>Philos. +Entomol.</i> vi. §. 2.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1425_1425" id="Footnote_1425_1425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1425_1425"><span class="label">[1425]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> §. 7.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1425_1425" id="Footnote_1425_1425"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1425_1425"><span class="label">[1425]</span></a> <i>Ibid.</i> §. 7.</p> @@ -55137,16 +55096,16 @@ Entomol.</i> vi. §. 2.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1427_1427" id="Footnote_1427_1427"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1427_1427"><span class="label">[1427]</span></a> With respect to Natural Genera he says—"Cavendum tamen ne nimis imitando <i>naturam</i> systematis amittamus filum Ariadneum." -<i>Ibid.</i> § 6.</p> +<i>Ibid.</i> § 6.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1428_1428" id="Footnote_1428_1428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1428_1428"><span class="label">[1428]</span></a> Fab. <i>Entomolog. Syst. em. et auct.</i> i. Præf. iv.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1428_1428" id="Footnote_1428_1428"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1428_1428"><span class="label">[1428]</span></a> Fab. <i>Entomolog. Syst. em. et auct.</i> i. Præf. iv.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1429_1429" id="Footnote_1429_1429"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1429_1429"><span class="label">[1429]</span></a> Fabricius calls this a chaos, and threatens to prove it, but he -never fulfilled his threat. See Fab. <i>Supplem.</i> Præf. i.</p> +never fulfilled his threat. See Fab. <i>Supplem.</i> Præf. i.</p> @@ -55155,12 +55114,12 @@ never fulfilled his threat. See Fab. <i>Supplem.</i> Præf. i.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1431_1431" id="Footnote_1431_1431"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1431_1431"><span class="label">[1431]</span></a> See <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> x. article <i>Entomologie</i>; and <i>Familles -Naturelles du Règne Animal</i> 262—.</p> +Naturelles du Règne Animal</i> 262—.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1432_1432" id="Footnote_1432_1432"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1432_1432"><span class="label">[1432]</span></a> These tables, except the first, are taken from the <i>Familles Naturelles -du Règne Animal</i>. As a new edition of M. Le Baron Cuvier's <i>Règne +du Règne Animal</i>. As a new edition of M. Le Baron Cuvier's <i>Règne Animal</i> is preparing, M. Latreille will doubtless give in it a still more improved arrangement of the <i>Crustacea</i>, <i>Arachnida</i>, and <i>Insecta</i>.</p> @@ -55179,7 +55138,7 @@ before he arrives at his genera.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1436_1436" id="Footnote_1436_1436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1436_1436"><span class="label">[1436]</span></a> <i>Syst. des Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> 185.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1436_1436" id="Footnote_1436_1436"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1436_1436"><span class="label">[1436]</span></a> <i>Syst. des Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> 185.</p> @@ -55187,7 +55146,7 @@ before he arrives at his genera.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1438_1438" id="Footnote_1438_1438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1438_1438"><span class="label">[1438]</span></a> <i>Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> iii. 332—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1438_1438" id="Footnote_1438_1438"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1438_1438"><span class="label">[1438]</span></a> <i>Anim. sans Vertèbr.</i> iii. 332—.</p> @@ -55238,7 +55197,7 @@ end of <i>Insecta</i>, under the <i>Omaloptera</i>.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1450_1450" id="Footnote_1450_1450"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1450_1450"><span class="label">[1450]</span></a> Other systems or methods have been promulgated by various -authors, as by Schæffer, Scopoli, Geoffroy, &c. Walckenaer and +authors, as by Schæffer, Scopoli, Geoffroy, &c. Walckenaer and Blainville have proposed one founded on the number of the <i>legs</i> of insects; but those in the text are the principal and best known.—<i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xvi. 277.</p> @@ -55253,7 +55212,7 @@ Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xvi. 277.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1453_1453" id="Footnote_1453_1453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1453_1453"><span class="label">[1453]</span></a> <i>Præf.</i> ii.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1453_1453" id="Footnote_1453_1453"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1453_1453"><span class="label">[1453]</span></a> <i>Præf.</i> ii.</p> @@ -55277,38 +55236,38 @@ Systematica emendata et aucta</i> of Fabricius, and its <i>Supplement</i>; to the volumes he subsequently published under the titles <i>Systema Eleutheratorum</i>, <i>Rhyngotorum</i>, <i>Glossatorum</i>, <i>Piezatorum</i>, and <i>Antliatorum</i>; to the <i>Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum</i> of Latreille; to the -same department of the <i>Règne Animal</i> of Cuvier; and to the <i>Animaux -sans Vertèbres</i> of Lamarck. He will find the genera of Linné and Fabricius +same department of the <i>Règne Animal</i> of Cuvier; and to the <i>Animaux +sans Vertèbres</i> of Lamarck. He will find the genera of Linné and Fabricius illustrated by <i>figures</i>, in Rœmer's <i>Genera</i>; and many of the species described by the latter in Coquebert's <i>Illustratio Iconographica</i>. In our countryman Drury's beautiful <i>Illustrations of Natural History</i>, a large number of new and rare insects are depicted; and in Mr. Donovan's <i>Insects of China, India, and New Holland</i>, some of the most brilliant and interesting that have been imported from those countries. -Panzer's <i>Faunæ Insectorum Germanicæ Initia</i> has little short of +Panzer's <i>Faunæ Insectorum Germanicæ Initia</i> has little short of 3000 figures of insects of every Order (a considerable number of which are found to inhabit Britain), by the celebrated Sturm; and the latter, in his <i>Deutschlands Fauna</i>, has illustrated many Coleopterous genera analytically (as has also M. Clairville the weevils and Predaceous -beetles of Switzerland in his <i>Entomologie Helvétique</i>) by his +beetles of Switzerland in his <i>Entomologie Helvétique</i>) by his admirable pencil. Beetles in general are well figured and described in Olivier's splendid <i>Entomologie</i>; as are those of Europe in a beautiful -work now in course of publication, under the title of <i>Coleoptères +work now in course of publication, under the title of <i>Coleoptères d'Europe</i>, by MM. Latreille and Dejean. The latter author -has also begun a work on this Order under the title of <i>Species général -des Coléoptères de la Collection de M. Le Comte Dejean</i>; two +has also begun a work on this Order under the title of <i>Species général +des Coléoptères de la Collection de M. Le Comte Dejean</i>; two volumes of which have appeared, containing part of the <i>Carabici</i> Latr. but I fear it has stopped for want of encouragement. Had the descriptions been less verbose it would have had a better chance of success. For the <i>Orthoptera</i> and <i>Hemiptera</i>, the student must have recourse to Stoll's <i>Spectres</i>, <i>Mantes</i>, <i>Sauterelles</i>, <i>Grillons</i>, <i>Blattes</i>, <i>Cigales</i>, and <i>Punaises</i>. To a knowledge of the species of <i>Lepidoptera</i>, -the admirable figures of Cramer (<i>Papillons Exotiques de trois Parties</i> <i>du Monde</i>), Esper (<i>Schmetterlinge</i>, <i>Tagschmetterlinge</i>), Hübner +the admirable figures of Cramer (<i>Papillons Exotiques de trois Parties</i> <i>du Monde</i>), Esper (<i>Schmetterlinge</i>, <i>Tagschmetterlinge</i>), Hübner (<i>Schmetterlinge</i>, &c.), and Ochsenheimer's valuable <i>Schmetterlinge von Europa</i>, with the continuation by Treitschke, will afford a useful avenue. Meigen also, author of a most valuable work on the -Europæan <i>Diptera</i>, is publishing at this time a work on <i>Lepidoptera</i> -under the title of <i>Europäische Schmetterlinge</i>. To the <i>Hymenoptera</i> +Europæan <i>Diptera</i>, is publishing at this time a work on <i>Lepidoptera</i> +under the title of <i>Europäische Schmetterlinge</i>. To the <i>Hymenoptera</i> Jurine and Christian are the best guides, and to the <i>Diptera</i> Meigen. </p> @@ -55323,8 +55282,8 @@ delineated, accompanied by able descriptions. For the <i>Coleoptera</i> of our country, Mr. Marsham's <i>Entomologia Britannica</i> should be consulted: for the <i>Lepidoptera</i>, the <i>Butterflies</i> of Lewin, Mr. Haworth's useful <i>Lepidoptera Britannica</i>, and Miss Jermyn's <i>Butterfly-Collector's -Vade Mecum</i>; and for the English species of Linné's genus -<i>Apis</i>, the <i>Monographia Apum Angliæ</i>. A British <i>Fauna Insectorum</i>, +Vade Mecum</i>; and for the English species of Linné's genus +<i>Apis</i>, the <i>Monographia Apum Angliæ</i>. A British <i>Fauna Insectorum</i>, under the title of <i>Illustrations of British Entomology</i>, has at length been happily begun by a gentleman (J. F. Stephens, Esq.) who both by his accurate knowledge of the subject, and the extent of his collection @@ -55335,7 +55294,7 @@ that it finishes, as far as possible, as it goes.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1458_1458" id="Footnote_1458_1458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1458_1458"><span class="label">[1458]</span></a> Linn. <i>Philos. Botan.</i> § 334.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1458_1458" id="Footnote_1458_1458"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1458_1458"><span class="label">[1458]</span></a> Linn. <i>Philos. Botan.</i> § 334.</p> @@ -55347,11 +55306,11 @@ that it finishes, as far as possible, as it goes.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1461_1461" id="Footnote_1461_1461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1461_1461"><span class="label">[1461]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> ix. § 20.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1461_1461" id="Footnote_1461_1461"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1461_1461"><span class="label">[1461]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> ix. § 20.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1462_1462" id="Footnote_1462_1462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1462_1462"><span class="label">[1462]</span></a> <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1815.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1462_1462" id="Footnote_1462_1462"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1462_1462"><span class="label">[1462]</span></a> <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1815.</p> @@ -55359,7 +55318,7 @@ that it finishes, as far as possible, as it goes.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1464_1464" id="Footnote_1464_1464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1464_1464"><span class="label">[1464]</span></a> <i>Essai Elément. de Géograph. Botan.</i> 62.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1464_1464" id="Footnote_1464_1464"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1464_1464"><span class="label">[1464]</span></a> <i>Essai Elément. de Géograph. Botan.</i> 62.</p> @@ -55387,8 +55346,8 @@ does not properly include devourers of timber, fungi, &c.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1470_1470" id="Footnote_1470_1470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1470_1470"><span class="label">[1470]</span></a> If we consider the number of species of <i>Acari</i>, <i>Nirmi</i>, <i>Poduræ</i>, -and <i>Araneidæ</i>, this proportion will appear moderate.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1470_1470" id="Footnote_1470_1470"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1470_1470"><span class="label">[1470]</span></a> If we consider the number of species of <i>Acari</i>, <i>Nirmi</i>, <i>Poduræ</i>, +and <i>Araneidæ</i>, this proportion will appear moderate.</p> @@ -55396,11 +55355,11 @@ and <i>Araneidæ</i>, this proportion will appear moderate.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1472_1472" id="Footnote_1472_1472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1472_1472"><span class="label">[1472]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> ix. § 20.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1472_1472" id="Footnote_1472_1472"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1472_1472"><span class="label">[1472]</span></a> <i>Philos. Entomolog.</i> ix. § 20.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1473_1473" id="Footnote_1473_1473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1473_1473"><span class="label">[1473]</span></a> <i>Géograph. Génér. des Ins.</i> 5.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1473_1473" id="Footnote_1473_1473"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1473_1473"><span class="label">[1473]</span></a> <i>Géograph. Génér. des Ins.</i> 5.</p> @@ -55430,7 +55389,7 @@ emigrate to stations they had not infested before. <i>Ibid.</i> 106—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1480_1480" id="Footnote_1480_1480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1480_1480"><span class="label">[1480]</span></a> <i>Géographie</i>, &c. 22—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1480_1480" id="Footnote_1480_1480"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1480_1480"><span class="label">[1480]</span></a> <i>Géographie</i>, &c. 22—.</p> @@ -55438,7 +55397,7 @@ emigrate to stations they had not infested before. <i>Ibid.</i> 106—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1482_1482" id="Footnote_1482_1482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1482_1482"><span class="label">[1482]</span></a> <i>Géographie</i>, &c. 20—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1482_1482" id="Footnote_1482_1482"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1482_1482"><span class="label">[1482]</span></a> <i>Géographie</i>, &c. 20—.</p> @@ -55446,20 +55405,20 @@ emigrate to stations they had not infested before. <i>Ibid.</i> 106—.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1484_1484" id="Footnote_1484_1484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1484_1484"><span class="label">[1484]</span></a> As this insect is the type of a distinct genus amongst the <i>Scutelleridæ</i>, +<p><a name="Footnote_1484_1484" id="Footnote_1484_1484"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1484_1484"><span class="label">[1484]</span></a> As this insect is the type of a distinct genus amongst the <i>Scutelleridæ</i>, I have distinguished it by the name Fabricius gave the whole tribe.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1485_1485" id="Footnote_1485_1485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1485_1485"><span class="label">[1485]</span></a> M. Latreille (<i>Géographie</i>, &c. 8.) seems to regard these varieties +<p><a name="Footnote_1485_1485" id="Footnote_1485_1485"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1485_1485"><span class="label">[1485]</span></a> M. Latreille (<i>Géographie</i>, &c. 8.) seems to regard these varieties as <i>distinct</i>; in which case they would be the <i>representatives</i> of the species named in the text: but the variations are mostly so slight, as not to afford any satisfactory distinctive characters.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1486_1486" id="Footnote_1486_1486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1486_1486"><span class="label">[1486]</span></a> <i>Géogr. Génér. des Ins.</i> 2.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1486_1486" id="Footnote_1486_1486"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1486_1486"><span class="label">[1486]</span></a> <i>Géogr. Génér. des Ins.</i> 2.</p> @@ -55518,7 +55477,7 @@ of these are from the Cape.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1499_1499" id="Footnote_1499_1499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1499_1499"><span class="label">[1499]</span></a> <i>Géogr. Génér. des Ins.</i> 18.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1499_1499" id="Footnote_1499_1499"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1499_1499"><span class="label">[1499]</span></a> <i>Géogr. Génér. des Ins.</i> 18.</p> @@ -55534,8 +55493,8 @@ Dejean has 7 Spanish ones.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1502_1502" id="Footnote_1502_1502"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1502_1502"><span class="label">[1502]</span></a> I have a very splendid species of this genus taken by C. C. Elwes Esq. on the Pyrenees, which is undescribed, and falls under none of the count Dejean's Families, having its elytra perfectly smooth, -without striæ, punctures, &c. It is of a brilliant golden green. It -stands in my cabinet under the name of <i>C. lævigatus</i>. K.</p> +without striæ, punctures, &c. It is of a brilliant golden green. It +stands in my cabinet under the name of <i>C. lævigatus</i>. K.</p> @@ -55552,7 +55511,7 @@ Nepal.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1506_1506" id="Footnote_1506_1506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1506_1506"><span class="label">[1506]</span></a> Latr. <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 18—.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1506_1506" id="Footnote_1506_1506"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1506_1506"><span class="label">[1506]</span></a> Latr. <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 18—.</p> @@ -55581,7 +55540,7 @@ Nepal.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1513_1513" id="Footnote_1513_1513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1513_1513"><span class="label">[1513]</span></a> Latr. <i>Géograph.</i> 7.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1513_1513" id="Footnote_1513_1513"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1513_1513"><span class="label">[1513]</span></a> Latr. <i>Géograph.</i> 7.</p> @@ -55594,7 +55553,7 @@ Nepal.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1516_1516" id="Footnote_1516_1516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1516_1516"><span class="label">[1516]</span></a> Latreille, <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 10.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1516_1516" id="Footnote_1516_1516"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1516_1516"><span class="label">[1516]</span></a> Latreille, <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 10.</p> @@ -55633,7 +55592,7 @@ water.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1525_1525" id="Footnote_1525_1525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1525_1525"><span class="label">[1525]</span></a> <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 6.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1525_1525" id="Footnote_1525_1525"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1525_1525"><span class="label">[1525]</span></a> <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 6.</p> @@ -55649,7 +55608,7 @@ water.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1529_1529" id="Footnote_1529_1529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1529_1529"><span class="label">[1529]</span></a> <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 6.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1529_1529" id="Footnote_1529_1529"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1529_1529"><span class="label">[1529]</span></a> <i>Géograph.</i> &c. 6.</p> @@ -55666,7 +55625,7 @@ water.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1533_1533" id="Footnote_1533_1533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1533_1533"><span class="label">[1533]</span></a> <i>Mémoires sur le gènre</i> Halicte.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1533_1533" id="Footnote_1533_1533"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1533_1533"><span class="label">[1533]</span></a> <i>Mémoires sur le gènre</i> Halicte.</p> @@ -55883,12 +55842,12 @@ the reader will find in his <i>Useful Compendium</i>, 318.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1585_1585" id="Footnote_1585_1585"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1585_1585"><span class="label">[1585]</span></a> In <i>Elater</i>, Fabricius describes 137 species; in <i>Melolontha</i>, 149; -in one section of <i>Rhynchænus</i>, 161; of <i>Curculio</i>, 183; and in his <i>Papiliones +in one section of <i>Rhynchænus</i>, 161; of <i>Curculio</i>, 183; and in his <i>Papiliones Heliconii</i>, 300.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1586_1586" id="Footnote_1586_1586"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1586_1586"><span class="label">[1586]</span></a> Thus he places <i>Chlænius holosericæus</i> and <i>nigricornis</i>, which might +<p><a name="Footnote_1586_1586" id="Footnote_1586_1586"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1586_1586"><span class="label">[1586]</span></a> Thus he places <i>Chlænius holosericæus</i> and <i>nigricornis</i>, which might pass for varieties, far asunder; and <i>Dromius agilis</i> is even put in a different section from <i>D. quadrimaculatus</i>, <i>truncatellus</i>, &c.</p> @@ -55903,9 +55862,9 @@ accessible to the British Naturalist.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1588_1588" id="Footnote_1588_1588"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1588_1588"><span class="label">[1588]</span></a> It may not be amiss to mention a few:—<i>Sphæridium dytiscoides</i> +<p><a name="Footnote_1588_1588" id="Footnote_1588_1588"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1588_1588"><span class="label">[1588]</span></a> It may not be amiss to mention a few:—<i>Sphæridium dytiscoides</i> is a <i>Hydrophilus</i> related to <i>H. fuscipes</i>. <i>S. glabratum</i> is heteromerous, -probably one of the <i>Helopii</i> Latr. <i>Carabus retusus</i> and <i>Maderæ</i> both +probably one of the <i>Helopii</i> Latr. <i>Carabus retusus</i> and <i>Maderæ</i> both belong to <i>Calosoma</i>. <i>Cistela angustata</i> is a true <i>Choleva</i>. See <i>Linn. Trans.</i> xi. 138.—S.</p> @@ -55957,10 +55916,10 @@ at liberty, will be found useful.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1600_1600" id="Footnote_1600_1600"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1600_1600"><span class="label">[1600]</span></a> De <i>Orthopteris</i> hoc præcipue notavit D. Marcel. de Serres -(<i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 113—.) in quibus vesiculæ seminales, colleterio; +<p><a name="Footnote_1600_1600" id="Footnote_1600_1600"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1600_1600"><span class="label">[1600]</span></a> De <i>Orthopteris</i> hoc præcipue notavit D. Marcel. de Serres +(<i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 113—.) in quibus vesiculæ seminales, colleterio; testes, ovariis; vasa deferentia, oviductui; canalis seminalis, -ovipositori, &c., mutuò adamussim respondent.</p> +ovipositori, &c., mutuò adamussim respondent.</p> @@ -56054,7 +56013,7 @@ Nat.</i> xi. 82. Marcel. de Serr. <i>ubi supr.</i> 104. Latreille <i>Fam. Nat.</ <p><a name="Footnote_1623_1623" id="Footnote_1623_1623"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1623_1623"><span class="label">[1623]</span></a> Swamm. <i>ubi supr.</i> i. 223. <i>t.</i> xxii. <i>f.</i> 5. <i>h, i</i>. Hoc insecto et <i>Hydrophilo</i> -supradicto organa insunt quæ pro <i>Prostatis</i> habentur.</p> +supradicto organa insunt quæ pro <i>Prostatis</i> habentur.</p> @@ -56090,7 +56049,7 @@ supradicto organa insunt quæ pro <i>Prostatis</i> habentur.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1632_1632" id="Footnote_1632_1632"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1632_1632"><span class="label">[1632]</span></a> Marcel. de Serres <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 115.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1632_1632" id="Footnote_1632_1632"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1632_1632"><span class="label">[1632]</span></a> Marcel. de Serres <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 115.</p> @@ -56211,7 +56170,7 @@ Nat.</i> i. 102.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1662_1662" id="Footnote_1662_1662"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1662_1662"><span class="label">[1662]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. L´´.</p> +<p><a name="Footnote_1662_1662" id="Footnote_1662_1662"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1662_1662"><span class="label">[1662]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Plate</span> <a href="../../43578/43578-h/43578-h.htm#PLATE_XV">XV</a>. <span class="smcap">Fig.</span> 12. L´´.</p> @@ -56223,7 +56182,7 @@ Nat.</i> i. 102.</p> -<p><a name="Footnote_1665_1665" id="Footnote_1665_1665"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1665_1665"><span class="label">[1665]</span></a> <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xxx. 16. 425. Marcel. de Serres <i>Mém. du +<p><a name="Footnote_1665_1665" id="Footnote_1665_1665"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1665_1665"><span class="label">[1665]</span></a> <i>N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat.</i> xxx. 16. 425. Marcel. de Serres <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 89.</p> @@ -56269,7 +56228,7 @@ Mus.</i> 1819. 89.</p> <p><a name="Footnote_1676_1676" id="Footnote_1676_1676"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1676_1676"><span class="label">[1676]</span></a> Marcel. de Serres penem in palpis cum teste pyriformi in thorace -connexum esse affirmat, <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 95.</p> +connexum esse affirmat, <i>Mém. du Mus.</i> 1819. 95.</p> @@ -56385,383 +56344,6 @@ and the Page numbers are close. Keep this in mind when linking to Vol. III.</li </ul></div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Introduction to Entomology: Vol. IV -(of 4), by William Kirby and William Spence - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INTRODUCTION TO ENTOMOLOGY, VOL IV *** - -***** This file should be named 43579-h.htm or 43579-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/4/3/5/7/43579/ - -Produced by Douglas L. 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