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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 18:47:36 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 18:47:36 -0700 |
| commit | ef10615d6c0459e9f3e78748b2ad262ccb14837b (patch) | |
| tree | 87304426980aa30be11a02b2ad5ac179a868fadd /old | |
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diff --git a/old/44616-h.zip b/old/44616-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d8eb2a --- /dev/null +++ b/old/44616-h.zip diff --git a/old/44616-h/44616-h.htm b/old/44616-h/44616-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f95899 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/44616-h/44616-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,6699 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Mary of Plymouth, by James Otis. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +h1{ + text-align: center; + clear: both; + margin-top: 6em; +} + +h2 {text-align: center; + clear: both; + margin-top: 4em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + font-size: 1.2em; +} +.chap1 {margin-top: 1em;} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: left; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +.pagenum { + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + font-style: normal; +} +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-left: 33%; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +hr.l05 { width: 5%; + margin-left: 47%; } + +.center { text-align: center; } +.ralign {text-align: right; } + +.smcap { font-variant: small-caps; } + +.caption { + font-weight: bold; + margin-left: 15%; + margin-right: 15%; + text-align: center; + margin-bottom: 2em; +} + +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.figright { + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 0; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.poetry-container { text-align: center; } + +.poem { + display: inline-block; + font-size: 95%; + margin-bottom: 1em; + text-align: left; +} + +@media handheld { + .poem { + display: block; + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; + } +} + +.poem p { + margin: 0; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; } + +.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} +.p6 {margin-top: 6em;} + +.b15 {font-size:1.5em;} +.b13 {font-size:1.3em;} +.s08 {font-size:.8em;} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + empty-cells: show; +} + +td {padding-left: 1em; + padding-right: 1em; +} +.tdr { text-align: right; } + +.tnbox { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + margin-bottom: 8em; + margin-top: auto; + text-align: center; + border: 1px solid; + padding: 1em; + color: black; + background-color: #f6f2f2; + width: 25em; +} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary of Plymouth, by James Otis + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary of Plymouth + A Story of the Pilgrim Settlement + +Author: James Otis + +Release Date: January 7, 2014 [EBook #44616] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY OF PLYMOUTH *** + + + + +Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="tnbox"> +<p class="center"><b>Transcriber's Note:</b></p> +<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. +Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation in the original +document have been preserved.</p> + +<p>Scans of the original cover were marred by a library sticker. +The cover of this ebook includes an artist's substitution for the missing +material.</p> +</div> +<div class="figcenter p6"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" width="366" height="550" alt="Cover" /> +</div> +<h1> +MARY OF PLYMOUTH +</h1> + +<p class="center p4 b13"> +<span class='smcap'>A Story of the Pilgrim Settlement</span> +</p> + +<p class="center p4"> +BY<br /> +JAMES OTIS +</p> + +<div class="figcenter p4"> +<img src="images/i-001.jpg" width="126" height="139" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center p4">NEW YORK -:- CINCINNATI -:- CHICAGO<br /> +AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY +</p> + +<p class="center p6"> +<span class='smcap'>Copyright, 1910, by</span><br /> + +JAMES OTIS KALER<br /> + +<span class='smcap'>Entered at Stationers' Hall, London</span> +</p> +<p> +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_3' name='Page_3'>[3]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +FOREWORD +</h2> + +<p> +The purpose of this series of stories is to show +the children, and even those who have already taken +up the study of history, the <i>home life</i> of the colonists +with whom they meet in their books. To this end +every effort has been made to avoid anything savoring +of romance, and to deal only with facts, so far +as that is possible, while describing the daily life +of those people who conquered the wilderness whether +for conscience sake or for gain. +</p> + +<p> +That the stories may appeal more directly to the +children, they are told from the viewpoint of a child, +and purport to have been related by a child. Should +any criticism be made regarding the seeming neglect +to mention important historical facts, the answer +would be that these books are not sent out as +histories,—although it is believed that they will awaken +a desire to learn more of the building of the nation,—and +only such incidents as would be particularly +noted by a child are used. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_4' name='Page_4'>[4]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Surely it is entertaining as well as instructive for +young people to read of the toil and privations in +the homes of those who came into a new world to +build up a country for themselves, and such homely +facts are not to be found in the real histories of +our land. +</p> + +<p class="ralign"> +<span class='smcap'>James Otis.</span> +</p> +<p> +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_5' name='Page_5'>[5]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +CONTENTS +</h2> + +<table summary="Table of Contents"> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="tdr"><span class="s08">PAGE</span></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Why This Story Was Written</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Leaking "Speedwell"</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Searching for a Home</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>After the Storm</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Wash Day</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_16">16</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Finding the Corn</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Attacked by the Savages</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Building Houses</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Miles Standish</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Sick People</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The New Home</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Master White and the Wolf</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Inside of the House</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A Chimney Without Bricks</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Building the Fire</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Master Bradford's Chimney</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Scarcity of Food</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A Timely Gift</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The First Savage Visitor</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Squanto's Story</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Living in the Wilderness</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_42">42</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Friendly Indians</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Grinding the Corn</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A Visit From Massasoit</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Massasoit's Promise</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_6' name='Page_6'>[6]</a></span></td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Massasoit's Visit Returned</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Big House Burned</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The "Mayflower" Leaves Port</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_54">54</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Setting the Table</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>What and How We Eat</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Table Rules</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>When the Pilgrim Goes Abroad</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Making a Dugout</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_63">63</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Governor Carver's Death</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>William Bradford Chosen Governor</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Farming in Plymouth</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Ways of Cooking Indian Corn</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Wedding</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Making Maple Sugar</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Decorating the Inside of the House</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74">74</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Trapping Wolves and Bagging Pigeons</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_76">76</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Elder Brewster</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Visit to Massasoit</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Keeping the Sabbath Holy</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_80">80</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Making Clapboards</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Cooking Pumpkins</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A New Oven</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_83">83</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Making Spoons and Dishes</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Fort and Meeting-House</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86">86</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Harvest Festival</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_89">89</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>How to Play Stoolball</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91">91</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>On Christmas Day</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93">93</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>When the "Fortune" Arrived</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94">94</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Possibility of Another Famine</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>On Short Allowance</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A Threatening Message</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_7' name='Page_7'>[7]</a></span></td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Pine Knots and Candles</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Tallow from Bushes</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_102">102</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Wicks for the Candles</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103">103</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Dipping the Candles</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_105">105</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>When James Runs Away</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Evil-Minded Indians</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_109">109</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Long Hours of Preaching</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>John Alden's Tubs</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_112">112</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>English Visitors</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Visiting the Neighbors</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Why More Fish Are Not Taken</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_116">116</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>How Wampum is Made</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Ministering to Massasoit</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_119">119</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Plot Thwarted</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_121">121</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Captain's Indian</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Ballots of Corn</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Arrival of the "Ann"</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_123">123</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The "Little James" Comes to Port</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The New Meeting-House</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_125">125</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Church Service</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Tithingmen</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_129">129</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Master Winslow Brings Home Cows</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>A Real Oven</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_131">131</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Butter and Cheese</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Settlement at Wessagussett</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_133">133</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Village of Merrymount</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_135">135</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The First School</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Too Much Smoke</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>School Comforts</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_139">139</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>How the Children Were Punished</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_140">140</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>New Villages</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_142">142</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_8' name='Page_8'>[8]</a></span></td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Clothing for the Salem Company</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_146">146</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Preparing Food For the Journey</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_147">147</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Before Sailing for Salem</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_148">148</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Beginning the Journey</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>The Arrival at Salem</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_153">153</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Sight-Seeing in Salem</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_154">154</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><span class='smcap'>Back to Plymouth</span></td> + <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_155">155</a></td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_9' name='Page_9'>[9]</a></span> +</p> + +<p class="center p6 b15"> +MARY OF PLYMOUTH +</p> + +<hr class="l05" /> + +<h2 class="chap1"> +WHY THIS STORY WAS WRITTEN +</h2> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-009.jpg" width="236" height="302" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +My name is Mary, and I am setting down all these +things about our people here in this new world, hoping +some day to send to my dear +friend, Hannah, who lives in +Scrooby, England, what may +really come to be a story, +even though the writer of it is +only sixteen years old, having +lived in Plymouth since the +day our company landed from +the <i>Mayflower</i> in 1620, more +than eleven years ago. +</p> + +<p> +If Hannah ever really sees +this as I have written it, she will, I know, be +amused; for it is set down on pieces of birch bark +and some leaves cut from the book of accounts +which Edward Winslow brought with him from +the old home. +</p> + +<p> +Hannah will ask why I did not use fair, white paper, +and, if I am standing by when she does so, I shall tell +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_10' name='Page_10'>[10]</a></span> +her that fair, white paper is far too precious in this +new world of ours to be used for the pleasure of children. +</p> + +<p> +In the last ship which came from England were +large packages of white paper for the settlers at Salem, +who came over to this wild land eight years after we +landed, and when I asked my father to buy for me +three sheets that I might make a little book, he told +me the price would be +more for the three +sheets than he paid for +the two deer skins +with which to make +me a winter coat. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-010.jpg" width="304" height="262" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Of course I put from +my mind all hope of +having paper to write +on; but these sheets of +bark take very well the ink made from elderberries +which mother and I brewed the second winter after +our new home was built. The pen is a quill taken +from the wing of a wild goose shot by Captain Standish. +</p> + +<h2> +THE LEAKING "SPEEDWELL" +</h2> + +<p> +Hannah's father must have told her how much of +trouble we had in getting here, for when the first vessel +in which we set sail, named the <i>Speedwell</i>, put back to +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_11' name='Page_11'>[11]</a></span> +Plymouth in England because of leaking so badly, +her master could not have failed to tell the people of +Scrooby how all the hundred and two of us, men, +women and children, were crowded into the <i>Mayflower</i>. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-011.jpg" width="547" height="294" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +From the sixth day of September until the eleventh +day of November, which is over sixty long dreary days, +we were on the ocean, and then our vessel was come +into what Captain John Smith had named Cape Cod +Bay. +</p> + +<p> +Mother believed, as did the other women, and even +we children, that we would go on shore as soon as the +<i>Mayflower</i> had come near to the land; but before many +hours were passed, after the anchor had been dropped +into the sea, even the youngest of us knew that it could +not be. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_12' name='Page_12'>[12]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +We were weary with having been on board the +vessel so long, and had made ourselves believe that as +soon as we were arrived in the new world, food in +plenty, with good, +comfortable homes, +would be ours. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-012.jpg" width="333" height="411" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Master Brewster, +as well as the other +men, said that houses +must be built before +we could leave the +ship, and it was only +needed we should go +on deck and look +about us, to know +why this was so. +Everywhere, except +on the water, were +snow and trees. It was a real forest as far as I could +see in either direction, and everywhere the cold, +white snow was piled in drifts, or blowing like feathers +when the wind was high. +</p> + +<p> +So deeply was the land covered that we, who watched +the men when they went ashore for the first time to +seek out some place whereon to make a village, thought +that they had fallen into a hole while stepping off the +rocks, because we lost sight of them so soon. Instead +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_13' name='Page_13'>[13]</a></span> +of its being an accident, however, we could see that +they were floundering in the snow, Master Bradford, +whose legs are the shortest, being nearly lost to view. +</p> + +<p> +We waited as patiently as possible for them to come +back, though I must confess that Sarah, a girl +of about my own age who came aboard the <i>Mayflower</i> +at Plymouth when we put back because of the <i>Speedwell's</i> +leaking so badly, and I could not keep in check +our eagerness to hear from those people in Virginia, +who it was said were living in comfort. +</p> + +<p> +Not for many days did we come to realize that the +settlers in Virginia were far, very far away from where +we were to land, and to see them we should be forced +to take another long voyage in a ship. We had come +amidst the snow and the savage Indians, instead of +among people from England, as had been planned +when we set out on the journey. +</p> + +<h2> +SEARCHING FOR A HOME +</h2> + +<p> +Father was wet, cold, weary, and almost discouraged +when he came on board the vessel after that first day on +shore. The men had found no place which looked as if +it might be a good spot for our village. Father said +that he was not the only member of the company who +had begun to believe it would have been better had we +stayed in Leyden, or in any other place where we +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_14' name='Page_14'>[14]</a></span> +would have been allowed to worship God in our +own way, rather than thus have ventured into a wild +forest where were fierce animals, and, perhaps, yet +more cruel savages. +</p> + +<p> +On that very night, soon after our fathers were on +board again, a great storm came up. The vessel +tumbled about as if she had been on the broad ocean, +and when we heard the men throwing out more anchors, +we children were afraid and cried, for Sarah's father +said he believed the <i>Mayflower</i> would be cast ashore +and wrecked on the cruel rocks over which the waves +were dashing themselves into foam. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-014.jpg" width="344" height="261" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Some of the women were frightened, although my +mother was not of the number, and it was only when +Master Brewster +came among us, +praying most fervently, +and saying +that God +would watch over +us even as He had +on the mighty +ocean, that the +cries and sobs of +fear were checked. Truly did I think, while Sarah +and I hugged each other very hard so that we might +not be heard to cry, that this was a most wretched +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_15' name='Page_15'>[15]</a></span> +place in which to make a new home, and how I wished +we had never left Leyden, or that we had gone back to +Scrooby instead of coming here! +</p> + +<h2> +AFTER THE STORM +</h2> + +<p> +It was Saturday when our vessel first came to anchor, +and the storm held furious until Monday morning, +when the snow was piled up higher than before, +and many of the smaller trees were hidden from sight; +but yet our fathers went on shore when the sun shone +once more, while the sailors made ready to launch the +big boat which they call the shallop. It had been +tied down on the deck of the <i>Mayflower</i>, taking up so +much space that, because of her, we children could not +move around comfortably on deck even when the +weather permitted. +</p> + +<p> +Some of the upper timbers had been broken by the +waves during the storms which came upon us while +we were on the ocean, and it was said that much in +the way of mending must be done before she could be +made seaworthy. Therefore, owing to the need of +room in which to work, the sailors took her ashore +where it could be done with somewhat of comfort. +</p> + +<p> +You must know that a shallop is a large boat, much +larger than the one belonging to our ship, which is +called a longboat. To my mind a shallop is like unto +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_16' name='Page_16'>[16]</a></span> +a vessel such as the <i>Speedwell</i>, except that it is much +smaller, capable of holding no more than twenty-five +or thirty people. It has one mast, a sail, and oars, and, +as father has told me, any one might safely make a +long voyage in such a craft. +</p> + +<h2> +WASH DAY +</h2> + +<p> +Captain Standish led the company of men, among +which was my father, into the forest to search for a +place in which to make our new home, and when we +lost sight of them among the trees, it seemed as if we +were more alone than before. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-016.jpg" width="550" height="331" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Sarah and I could not stay on deck to watch the +men while they worked, because the cold was too +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_17' name='Page_17'>[17]</a></span> +severe, therefore we went into the cabin where were +other children huddled around the stove, and there +tried to imagine what our homes would be like in +such a desolate place. +</p> + +<p> +While the sailors worked on the shallop, many of +the women went on shore to wash clothes near the fire +which had been built by the men, and a most dismal +time they had, as we children heard when they came +back at night. They were forced to melt snow in +Master Brewster's big iron pot, and when the hot water +had been poured into the tub, it speedily began to +freeze. Mother said that the clothes were but little +improved by having been washed in such a manner. +</p> + +<p> +Next morning the cold was so bitter that the women +and children did not venture much out on the deck of +the vessel, save when one or another ran up to see if +those who had set off to find a place for our new home +were returning. The sailors continued work on the +shallop during two days, and each time on coming back +to the <i>Mayflower</i> for food or shelter, brought a load of +wood in their boat so that we might have fuel in plenty +for our fires on the ship. +</p> + +<h2> +FINDING THE CORN +</h2> + +<p> +Not until Friday evening did our fathers come back; +no one of all the party of seventeen was missing, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_18' name='Page_18'>[18]</a></span> +although it seemed to me they had been in great +danger. +</p> + +<p> +Before they had gone on their journey more than a +mile from the <i>Mayflower</i>, they saw five savages and a +dog coming toward them, and hastened forward to +learn what they might about this new world. The +Indians ran among the trees as soon as they saw our +people, and they ran so swiftly it was impossible to +overtake them. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-018.jpg" width="551" height="477" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +After making chase without coming upon the savages, +Captain Standish led the way along the shore until +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_19' name='Page_19'>[19]</a></span> +next day they came upon what looked as if an Indian +village had once been in that place, for the land had +been dug over much as though to raise crops, and there +were what appeared to be many graves. On opening +one of these piles of sand, there were found two baskets +full of what one of the sailors said was Indian corn; +but another declared it was Turkish wheat, while Captain +Standish believed it should be called Guinny wheat. +It had been left near the graves, for these savages believe +that even after people are dead, they need food. +</p> + +<p> +Later, when we had become acquainted with Samoset +and Squanto, we came to know that on the spot +which had been chosen for our home, there had been +a large Indian village. Four years before we of the +<i>Mayflower</i> came, a terrible sickness had attacked the +settlement of savages, and more than two hundred +died. Those who were alive and able to walk, deserted +the place to go many miles into the forest away from +the sea, and, except for the graves which our people +found, every trace of the town was wiped out, the +savages believing that only by the destruction of everything +connected with the settlement, could the evil +spirit of the mysterious sickness be cast out. +</p> + +<p> +Our men were very glad to find this wheat, and as +soon as they had brought it aboard the vessel, the +women set about boiling some, for that seemed to be +the only way in which it could be eaten, since it is hard, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_20' name='Page_20'>[20]</a></span> +almost like flint. Neither Sarah nor I, hungry though +we were, felt like eating what had been left for dead +people; but we did taste of it, and found it very good, +even though it had not been cooked quite enough. +</p> + +<p> +It was not long, however, before we found out how +to prepare it, and many a time since then has it saved +us from starving, but of that I will tell you later. +</p> + +<h2> +ATTACKED BY THE SAVAGES +</h2> + +<p> +On the sixth of December, the shallop having been +made ready for sea, the men started away to search +once more for a place in which to build homes, and +on the very next day, while they were sleeping in the +forest in a hut that had been built of dead tree trunks +and bushes, they were set upon by savages, who shot +arrows among them. +</p> + +<p> +There were thirty or forty of these savages, but as soon +as our men fired upon them, they speedily disappeared. +Our men then picked up the arrows, some of which +were fashioned with heads of brass or eagles' claws. +</p> + +<p> +No one was hurt by these weapons, although one of +them passed through father's coat, and many were +found sticking in the logs. Then our people gave +solemn thanks to God because of having been saved +from the savage foe, and afterward gathered up many +of the arrows to be sent back to England, that our +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_21' name='Page_21'>[21]</a></span> +friends there might see what were the dangers to be +met with in the woods of this new world. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-021.jpg" width="547" height="398" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Five long, dreary days went by before the company +came back once more, and then we were made happy +by being told that a place for our village had been +found. It was a long distance from where the <i>Mayflower</i> +lay at anchor; and on the next morning another +great storm came up, which forced us to stay on board +the vessel until the fifteenth of December, when we +set sail, and Sarah and I hugged each other fervently, +for at last did it appear as if we could begin to make +our homes. +</p> + +<p> +Even then we were forced to stay in the <i>Mayflower</i> +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_22' name='Page_22'>[22]</a></span> +yet longer, for after we were come into the bay where +it had been said we should live, the men spent a long +while choosing a place in which to build the houses. +</p> + +<h2> +BUILDING HOUSES +</h2> + +<p> +It was agreed to build first one large house of logs, +where we could all live until each man had chosen a +place for himself, and both Sarah and I were on shore, +standing almost knee-deep in the snow on that twenty-fifth +of December, as we watched the men hew down +trees, trim off the branches, and dig in the frozen ground +to set up the first +dwelling in this +strange land. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-022.jpg" width="336" height="284" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The first thing +done was to build +a high platform, +where the cannon +that had been +brought from +England could be +placed, so that the +savages might be beaten off if they came to do us +harm, and then the big house was begun. +</p> + +<p> +Of course we women and children were forced to go +back on board the vessel while the work was being +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_23' name='Page_23'>[23]</a></span> +done, and very slowly was it carried on, because of the +cold's being so great, and the storms so many, that our +people could not work out of doors long at a time. +</p> + +<p> +Our village was begun in the midst of the forest not +very far from the seashore, where had been huts +built by the savages; and because of the Indians having +chosen that place in which to live, our people believed +it would be well for them to make there the town which +was to be called Plymouth, since it was from Plymouth +in England that we had started on the voyage which +ended in this wild place. +</p> + +<p> +When mother asked father why the men did not +search longer, instead of fixing upon a spot to which +the savages might come back at any moment, he told +her that much time must be spent in building houses, +and not an hour should be wasted. They ought to +get on shore as soon as possible in order to begin hunting, +for the food we had on the <i>Mayflower</i> was by this +time so poor that neither Sarah nor I could swallow +the smallest mouthful with any pleasure. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I were eager to be living on dry land once +more, where we could move about as we pleased; for, +large though the <i>Mayflower</i> had seemed to us when we +first went on board, there was little room for all our +company, and very many were grown so sick that they +could not get out on deck even when the sun shone warm +and bright. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_24' name='Page_24'>[24]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +There were nineteen plots for houses laid out in all, +because of the company's being divided into nineteen +families. The plots were on two sides of a way running +along by a little brook, where, so I heard my father +say, one could get sweet fresh water to drink. It was +decided that each man should build his own house. +</p> + +<p> +The plot of land where father was to build our house +was quite near the bay, but yet so far in among the +trees as to be shaded from the sun in the summer, +while Master Carver, who was chosen to be our governor, +was to build his only a short distance away. +</p> + +<h2> +MILES STANDISH +</h2> + +<p> +You must know that Captain Standish is not of the +same faith as are we. He calls himself a "soldier of +fortune," which means that he is ready to do battle +wherever it seems as if he could strike a blow for the +right. He, and his wife Rose, became friendly with +us while we were at Leyden, for he was, although an +Englishman, a captain in one of the Holland regiments, +having enlisted in order to help the Dutch in their +wars. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-025a.jpg" width="73" height="386" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Swords of +Captain +Standish +</p> +</div> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-025b.jpg" width="55" height="386" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Because of liking a life of adventure, and also owing +to the fact that he and his wife had become warm friends +with Elder Brewster and my parents, Captain Standish +declared that he would be our soldier, standing ever +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_25' name='Page_25'>[25]</a></span> +ready to guard us against the wild beasts, or the savages, +if any should come to do us harm. Right gallantly +has he kept his promise, and unless he +had been with us this village of ours might +have been destroyed more than once, and, +perhaps, those of our people whose lives +God had spared would have gone back to +Holland or England, ceasing to strive for a +foothold in this new world which is so desolate +when covered with snow and ice. +</p> + +<p> +A most kindly-hearted man is Captain +Standish, and yet there are times +when he has but slight control over his +temper. Like a flash of powder when +a spark falls upon it, he flares up with +many a harsh word, and woe betide +those against whom he has just cause for +anger. +</p> + +<p> +After coming to know him for one who +strove not to control his tongue in moments +of wrath, the Indians gave him the name of +"Little pot that soon boils over," which means +that his anger can be aroused quickly. He is not +small, neither is he as tall as my father or Elder +Brewster; but the savages spoke of him as "little," +measuring him, I suppose, with many others of our +people. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_26' name='Page_26'>[26]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +We had not been long in Plymouth, however, before +the Indians understood what a valiant soldier he is, and +then they began to call him "Strong Sword." +</p> + +<h2> +THE SICK PEOPLE +</h2> + +<p> +It was yet very cold while our fathers were putting +up the houses, and the sickness increased, so that at +one time before the women and children could go on +shore, nearly one half of our company were unable +to sit up. All the while the food was very bad, save +when more baskets of Indian corn were found. +</p> + +<p> +One evening, when father had come on board the +vessel after working very hard on our house, I heard +him say to mother that we must try to be cheerful, +praying to God that the sickness which was upon our +people so sorely would pass us by until we could build +the home, plant a garden, and raise food from the +earth. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I often asked each other when we were +alone, whether the good Lord, whom we strove to +serve diligently, would allow us to starve to death in +this strange land where we had hoped to be so very +near Him; for, indeed, as the days passed and the food +we had brought with us from England became more +nearly unfit to eat, it was as if death stood close +at hand. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_27' name='Page_27'>[27]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE NEW HOME +</h2> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-027.jpg" width="540" height="430" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It seemed like a very long while before the houses +were ready so that we who were well could go on shore +to live. I must tell you what our home is like. In +Scrooby, when one builds a house, he has the trees +sawed into timbers and boards at a mill; but in this +new land we had no mills. When a man in England +wants to make a chimney, he buys bricks and mortar; +but here, as father said, we had plenty of clay and +lime, yet could not put them to proper use until tools +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_28' name='Page_28'>[28]</a></span> +were brought across the sea with which to work such +material into needed form. +</p> + +<p> +There was plenty of granite and other rock out of +which to make cellars and walls; but no one could cut +it, and even though it was already shaped, we had no +horses with which to haul it. Think for a moment +what it must mean not to have cows, sheep, oxen, +horses or chickens, and we had none of these for three +or four years. +</p> + +<p> +My father built the house we are now living in, almost +alone, having but little help from the other men +when he had to raise the heavy timbers. First, after +clearing away the snow, he dug a hole in the frozen +ground, two or three feet deep, making it of the same +shape as he had planned the house. Then, having +cut down trees for timbers, he stood them upright all +around the inside of this hole, leaving here a place for +a door, and there another for a window, until the +sides and ends of the building were made. +</p> + +<p> +On the inside he filled the hole again with the earth +he had taken out at the beginning, pounding it down +solid to form a floor, and at the same time to help make +the logs more secure in an upright position. Where +the floor of earth does not hold the timbers firmly +enough, what are called puncheons are fastened to +the outside just beneath the roof. +</p> + +<p> +Puncheons are logs that have been split and trimmed +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_29' name='Page_29'>[29]</a></span> +with axes until they are something like planks, and you +will see very many in our village of Plymouth. Hard +work it is indeed to make these puncheon planks; +but they were needed to fasten crosswise on the sides +and ends of our house, in order to hold the logs more +firmly in place. +</p> + +<p> +Across the top of the house, slanting them so much +that the water would +run off, father placed +a layer of logs to make +the roof. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-029.jpg" width="308" height="176" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Three puncheons +were put across the +inside of the roof, +being fastened with pegs of wood, for the few nails +we have among us are of too much value to be used +in house building. +</p> + +<p> +That the roof might prevent the water from running +into the house, father stripped bark from hemlock trees, +and placed it over the logs two or three layers deep, +fastening the whole down with poles cut from young +trees. +</p> + +<h2> +MASTER WHITE AND THE WOLF +</h2> + +<p> +Of course, when this home was first built, there were +many cracks between the logs on the sides and ends; +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_30' name='Page_30'>[30]</a></span> +but these mother and I stuffed full of moss and clay, +while father was cutting wood for the fire, until the +wind no longer +finds free entrance, +and we are not +like to be in the +same plight as was +Master White, less +than two months +after we came +ashore to live. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-030.jpg" width="343" height="314" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +He would not +spend the time to +fill up the cracks, +as we had done, and one night while he lay in bed, a +hungry wolf thrust his paw through and scratched the +poor man's head so severely that the blood ran freely. +Sarah thinks he must have awakened very quickly +just then. +</p> + +<h2> +THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE +</h2> + +<p> +We have a partition inside our house, thus dividing +the lower part into two rooms. It is made of clay, +with which has been mixed beach grass. Mother and +I made a white liquid of powdered clam shells and +water, with which we painted it until one would +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_31' name='Page_31'>[31]</a></span> +think it the same kind of wall you have in Scrooby. +With pieces of logs we children helped to pound the +earth inside until the floor was smooth and firm; but +father promised that at some later time we should have +a floor of puncheons, as indeed we have now, and +very nice and comfortable it is. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-031.jpg" width="330" height="236" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +I wish you might see it after mother and I have +covered it well with clean white sand from the seashore, +and marked +it in pretty patterns +of vines and leaves: +but this last we do +only when making +the house ready for +meeting, or for some +great feast. +</p> + +<p> +At the windows +are shutters made of puncheons, as is also the door, +and both are hung with straps of leather in the stead +of real hinges. +</p> + +<p> +Perhaps you may think that with only a puncheon +shutter at the window, we must perforce sit in darkness +when it storms, or in cold weather admit too much +frost in order to have light. But let me tell you +that our windows are closed quite as well as yours, +though not so nicely. We brought from home some +stout paper, and this, plentifully oiled, we nailed across +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_32' name='Page_32'>[32]</a></span> +the window space. Of course we cannot look out to +see anything; but the light finds its way through readily. +</p> + +<h2> +A CHIMNEY WITHOUT BRICKS +</h2> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-032.jpg" width="306" height="517" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +I had almost forgotten to tell you how father built +a chimney without +either bricks or mortar, +for of course we had +none of those things +when we first made our +village. +</p> + +<p> +Our chimney is of +logs plastered plentifully +with clay, and +fastened to the outside +of the building, with a +hole cut through the side +of the house that the fireplace +may be joined to it. +</p> + +<p> +The fireplace itself is +built of clay, made into +walls as one would lay +up bricks, and held +firmly together by being mixed with dried beach grass. +</p> + +<p> +It looks somewhat like a large, square box, open in +front, and with sides and ends at least two feet thick. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_33' name='Page_33'>[33]</a></span> +It is so large that Sarah and I might stand inside, if +so be the heat from the fire was not too great, and +look straight out through it at the sky. +</p> + +<p> +Father drags in, as if he were a horse, logs which are +much larger around than is my body, and mother, or +one of the neighbors, helps him roll them into the big +fireplace where, once aflame, they burn from one +morning until another. +</p> + +<h2> +BUILDING THE FIRE +</h2> + +<p> +The greatest trouble we have, or did have during +our first winter here, was in holding the fire, for the +wood, having just +been cut in the +forest, is green, +and the fire very +like to desert it +unless we keep +close watch. Neither +mother nor I +can strike a spark with flint and steel as ably as can +many women in the village; therefore, when, as happened +four or five times, we lost our fire, one of us took +a strip of green bark, or a shovel, and borrowed from +whosoever of our neighbors had the brightest blaze, +enough of coals to set our own hearth warm again. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-033.jpg" width="335" height="213" alt="" /> +</div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_34' name='Page_34'>[34]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Some of the housewives who are more skilled in +the use of firearms than my mother or myself, kindle +a blaze by flashing a little powder in the pan of a gun, +allowing the flame to strike upon the tinder, and thus +be carried to shavings of dry wood. It is a speedy +way of getting fire; but one needs to be well used to the +method, else the fingers or the face will get more of +heat than does the tinder. Father cautions us against +such practice, declaring that he will not allow his +weapons to remain unloaded simply for kitchen use, +when at any moment the need may arise for a ready +bullet. +</p> + +<p> +But we have in Plymouth one chimney of which +even you in Scrooby might be proud. +</p> + +<h2> +MASTER BRADFORD'S CHIMNEY +</h2> + +<p> +Master Bradford built what is a perfect luxury +of a chimney, which shows what a man can do who +has genius, and my mother says he showed great skill +in thus building. If you please, his chimney is of +stone, even though we have no means of cutting rock, +such as is known at Scrooby. He sought here and +there for flat stones, laying them one upon another +with a plentiful mixture of clay, until he built a chimney +which cannot be injured by fire, and yet is even +larger than ours. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_35' name='Page_35'>[35]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Its heart is so big that I am told Master Bradford +himself can climb up through it without difficulty, and +at the bottom, or, rather, where the fireplace ends and +the chimney begins, is a shelf on either side, across +which is laid a bar of green wood lest it burn too quickly; +on this the pot-hooks and pot-claws may be hung +by chains. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-035.jpg" width="549" height="379" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It would seem as if all this had made Master Bradford +over vain, for because the wooden bar, which he +calls a backbar, has been burned through twice, thereby +spoiling the dinner, he has sent to England for an +iron one, and when it comes his family may be proud +indeed, for only think how easily one can cook when +there are so many conveniences! +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_36' name='Page_36'>[36]</a></span> +</p> +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-036.jpg" width="191" height="215" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Skillets from the "Mayflower" +</p> +</div> + +<p> +We are forced to put our pots and pans directly on +the coals, and it burns one's hands terribly at times, +if the fire is too bright. Besides, the cinders fall on +the bread of meal, which causes much delay in the +eating, because so much time is necessary in scraping +them off, and even at the best, +I often get more of ashes than +is pleasant to the taste. +</p> + +<p> +Bread of any kind is such a +rarity with us that we can ill afford +to have it spoiled by ashes. During +the first two years we had only +the meal from Indian corn with +which to make it; but when we +were able to raise rye, it was mixed with the other, +and we had a most wholesome bread, even though it +was exceeding dark in color. +</p> + +<h2> +SCARCITY OF FOOD +</h2> + +<p> +In Scrooby one thinks that he must have bread of +some kind for breakfast; but we here in Plymouth +have instead of wheaten loaves, pudding made of ground +Indian corn, sometimes sweetened, but more often only +salted, and with it alone we satisfy our hunger during at +least two out of the three meals. I can remember of +two seasons when all the food we had for more than +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_37' name='Page_37'>[37]</a></span> +three months, was this same hasty pudding, as we soon +learned to call it. +</p> + +<p> +That first winter we spent here was so dreadful and +so long that I do not like even to think of it. Nearly +all the food we had brought from England was spoiled +before we came ashore. +</p> + +<p> +There were many times when Sarah and I were so +hungry that we cried, with our arms around each +other's neck, as if +being so close together +would still +the terrible feeling +in our stomachs. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-037.jpg" width="341" height="443" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +All the men who +were able to walk +went hunting; but +at one time, before +the warm weather +came again, only +five men were well +enough to tramp +through the forest, +and these five had, +in addition, to chop wood for the whole village. +</p> + +<p> +Mother and the other women who were not on beds +of sickness, went from house to house, doing what +they might for those who were ill, while we children +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_38' name='Page_38'>[38]</a></span> +were sent to pick up dead branches for the fires, because +at times the men were not able to cut wood +enough for the needs of all. +</p> + +<p> +Then so many died! Each day we were told that +this neighbor or that had been called to Heaven. I +have heard father often say since then, that the hardest +of the work during those dreadful days, was to dig +graves while the earth was frozen so solidly. +</p> + +<p> +Think! Fifty out of our little company of one hundred +and two, Captain Standish's wife among the +others, were called by God, and as each went out into +the other world, we who were left on earth felt more +and more keenly our helplessness and desolation. +</p> + +<h2> +A TIMELY GIFT +</h2> + +<p> +It was fortunate indeed for us that Captain Standish +was among those able to labor for others, else had we +come much nearer dying by starvation. A famous +hunter is the captain, and one day, when I was searching +for leaves of the checkerberry plant under the snow, +mother having said the chewing of them might save +me from feeling so hungry, Captain Standish dropped +a huge wild turkey in front of me. +</p> + +<p> +It seemed like a gift from God, and although it was +very heavy, I dragged it home, forgetting everything +except that at last we should have something to eat. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_39' name='Page_39'>[39]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Many days afterward I heard that the captain went +supperless to bed that day, and when I charged him +with having given to me what he needed for himself, +he laughed heartily, as if it were a rare joke, saying +that old soldiers like +himself had long +since learned how to +buckle their belts +more tightly, thus +causing it to seem +as if their stomachs +were full. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-039.jpg" width="341" height="388" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +A firm friend is Captain +Standish, and +God was good in that +he was sent with us +on the <i>Mayflower</i>. +</p> + +<p> +It was when our troubles were heaviest, that Sarah +came to my home because her mother was taken sick, +and Mistress Bradford, who went there to do what +she might as nurse, told Sarah to stay in some other +house for a time. +</p> + +<h2> +THE FIRST SAVAGE VISITOR +</h2> + +<p> +We two were standing just outside the door of my +home, breaking twigs to be used for brightening the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_40' name='Page_40'>[40]</a></span> +fire in the morning, when suddenly a real savage, the +first I had ever seen, dressed in skins, with many +feathers on his head, came into the village crying: +</p> + +<p> +"Welcome English!" +</p> + +<p> +Women and children, all who were able to do so, +ran out to see him, the first visitor we had had in Plymouth. +His skin was +very much darker than +ours, being almost +brown, and, save for +the color, one might +have believed him to +be a native of Scrooby +dressed in outlandish +fashion to take part in +some revel. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-040.jpg" width="305" height="386" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Father was the more +surprised because of +hearing him speak in +our language, than +because of his odd dress; but we afterward learned +that he had met, two or three years before, some +English fishermen, and they had taught him a few +words. +</p> + +<p> +Very friendly he was, so much so that when he put +his hand on my head I was not afraid, and I myself +heard him talking with Master Brewster, during which +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_41' name='Page_41'>[41]</a></span> +conversation he spoke a great many Indian words, +and some in English that I could understand. +</p> + +<p> +His name was Samoset, and after he had looked +around the village, seeming to be surprised at the +manner in which our houses of logs were built, he +went away, much to my disappointment, for I had +hoped, without any reason for so doing, that he might +give me a feather from the splendid headdress he wore. +</p> + +<p> +As I heard afterward, he promised to come back +again, and when, six days later, he did so, there was +with him another Indian, one who could talk almost +the same as do our people. His was a strange story, +or so it seemed to me, so strange and cruel that I wondered +how he could be friendly with us, as he appeared to +be, because of having suffered so much at the hands +of people whose skins were white. +</p> + +<p> +Squanto had been a member of the same tribe that +owned the land where our village of Plymouth was +built, and his real name, so Governor Bradford says, +is Squantum. +</p> + +<h2> +SQUANTO'S STORY +</h2> + +<p> +Seven years before the <i>Mayflower</i> came, he had +been stolen by one Captain Hunt, who had visited +these shores on a fishing voyage, and by him was sent +to Spain and sold as a slave. There a good Englishman +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_42' name='Page_42'>[42]</a></span> +saw him and bought him of his master. He was +taken to London, where he worked as a servant until +an exploring party, sent out by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, +was about to set sail for this country, when he was +given passage. +</p> + +<p> +While he had been in slavery, the dreadful sickness +broke out, which killed or drove away all his people; +therefore, when the poor fellow came back, he found +none to welcome him. +</p> + +<p> +How it was I cannot say, but in some way he wandered +about until coming among the tribe of Indians +called the Wampanoags, where he lived until Samoset +happened to come across him. +</p> + +<p> +As soon as he knew that we of Plymouth were English +people, he had a desire to be friendly, because of +what the good Englishman had done for him. +</p> + +<p> +I have heard father say many times that but for +Squanto, perhaps all of us might have died during that +terrible winter when the good Lord took fifty of our +company, which numbered, when we left England, +but an hundred and two. +</p> + +<h2> +LIVING IN THE WILDERNESS +</h2> + +<p> +You must know that in this land everything is different +from what you see in England. Of course the +trees are the same; but oh, so many of them! We +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_43' name='Page_43'>[43]</a></span> +are living now, even after our homes have been made, +in the very midst of the wilderness, and in that winter +time when Squanto and Samoset came to us, bringing +the corn we needed so sorely, we were much like prisoners, +for the snow was piled everywhere in great +drifts. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-043.jpg" width="542" height="392" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The trees, growing thickly over the ground, save +where they had been cut down to build our homes and +to provide us with wood for the fires, prevented all, +except such of the men as were well enough to go out +with their guns in the hope of shooting animals that +could be eaten as food, from going abroad, save from +one house to the other. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_44' name='Page_44'>[44]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +And little heart had we for leaving the shelter of our +homes. In nearly every house throughout the village +was there sickness or death; the cold was piercing, +and, however industriously we had worked filling +the cracks between the logs with clay, the wind came +through in many places, so that for the greater part of +the time we needed to hug closely to the fire lest we +freeze to death. +</p> + +<p> +There were days when it seemed indeed as if the +Lord had forgotten us; when, with the hunger, and +the cold, and the sickness on every hand, it was as if +we had been abandoned by our Maker. +</p> + +<h2> +THE FRIENDLY INDIANS +</h2> + +<p> +With the coming of Samoset and Squanto, however, +although the illness was not abated, and one +after another of our company died, it seemed, perhaps +only to us children, as if things were changed. These +Indians were the only two persons in all the great +land who were willing to take us by the hand and do +whatsoever they might to cheer, and because of this +show of kindness did we feel the happier. +</p> + +<p> +Squanto, as father has said again and again, did +very much to aid. First he showed our people how +to fish, and this may seem strange to you, for the English +had used hooks and lines many years before the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_45' name='Page_45'>[45]</a></span> +New World was dreamed of; yet, it is true that the +savages could succeed, even without proper tackle, +better than did our people. +</p> + +<p> +Squanto showed father how, by treading on the banks +of the brooks, to force out the eels which had buried +themselves in the mud during the cold weather, and +then taught him how to catch them with his hands, +so that many a day, when there was nothing whatsoever +in our home to eat, we hunted for eels, boiling +rather than frying them, because +the little store of pork was no +longer fit to cook with. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-045.jpg" width="177" height="266" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Another thing which Squanto +did that was wondrously helpful, +was to teach us how to grind this +Indian corn, Guinny wheat, or +Turkie wheat, which ever it should +be called, for none of us seemed +to know which was the right +name for it. The wheat that we found among +the Indian graves could be made ready for the +table, as we believed, only by boiling it a full day, +and then it was not pleasing to the taste. But when +Squanto came, he explained that it should be pounded +until it was like unto a coarse flour, when it might be +made into a pudding that, eaten with salt, is almost +delicious. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_46' name='Page_46'>[46]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +GRINDING THE CORN +</h2> + +<p> +When I heard him telling father that it must be +ground, I said to myself that we were not like to know +how it might taste, for there is not a single mill in this +land; but Squanto first cut a large tree down, leaving +the stump a full yard in height. Then, by building +a fire on the stump, scraping away with a sharp rock +the wood as fast as it was charred, he made a hollow +like unto a hole, and so deep that one might put in +half a bushel of this Turkie wheat. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-046.jpg" width="249" height="211" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +From another portion of the tree he shaped a block +of wood to fit exactly the hole in the stump, and this +he fastened to the top of a +young, slender tree, when +even we children knew that +he had made a mortar and +pestle, although an exceeding +rude one. +</p> + +<p> +We had only to pull down +the heavy block with all our +strength upon the corn, thus bruising and crushing +it, when the natural spring of the young tree would +pull it up again. In this way did we grind our Guinny +wheat until it was powdered so fine that it might be +cooked in a few moments. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_47' name='Page_47'>[47]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +A VISIT FROM MASSASOIT +</h2> + +<p> +One day Samoset, Squanto, and three other savages +came into our new village of Plymouth, walking very +straight and putting on such appearance of importance +that I followed them as they went to the very center +of the settlement, for it seemed to me that something +strange was about to happen, as indeed proved to be +the case. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-047.jpg" width="555" height="450" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The Indians had come to tell our governor that +their king, or chief, was in the forest close by, having +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_48' name='Page_48'>[48]</a></span> +in mind to visit the Englishmen, and asked if he should +enter the village. +</p> + +<p> +I was so busy looking at the feathers and skins +which these messengers wore that I did not hear what +reply Captain Standish made, for he it was who had +been called upon by Governor Carver to make answer; +but presently a great throng of savages, near sixty I +was told, could be seen through the trees as they +marched straight toward us. +</p> + +<p> +Then my heart really stood still, as I saw Master +Winslow walking out to meet them, with a pot of +strong water in his hand; but Captain Standish said +I need not be afraid, as he was only going to greet +the chief of the Indians, carrying the strong water, +three knives, a copper chain, an earring, and somewhat +in the way of food. +</p> + +<p> +It seemed like woeful waste to give that which was +of so much value to a savage, but Captain Standish said +it would be well if we could gain the favor of this powerful +Indian even at the expense of all the most precious +of our belongings. +</p> + +<p> +A brave show did the savages make as they came +into the village, marching one after the other! The +feathers were of every color, and in such quantity it +seemed as if all the birds in the world could not yield +so many, even though every one was plucked naked. +And the furs! The chief, whose name is Massasoit, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_49' name='Page_49'>[49]</a></span> +wore over his shoulders a mantle so long that it dragged +on the snow behind him, and he had belts and chains +of what looked to be beads; but Captain Standish +told me it was what the Indians called wampum, and +served them in the place of money. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-049.jpg" width="546" height="404" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Governor Carver stood at the door of Elder Brewster's +house, which as yet had no roof, and beckoned +for the chief and those who followed him, to enter. +Inside were Mistress Carver's rug and mother's two +cushions, which had been laid on the ground for the +savage to sit on, and greatly did I fear that all those +precious things would be spoiled before the visit was +come to an end. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_50' name='Page_50'>[50]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +I cannot tell you what was said or done, for neither +Sarah nor I could get inside Master Brewster's house, +so crowded was it with the men of our village and +with savages. More than half of those who had come +with the chief were forced to remain outside, because +of there not being space for all within the walls. +Sarah and I had our fill of looking at them; but never +one gave the slightest attention to us. It seemed +much as if they believed their station was so high +that it would be beneath their dignity to speak with +children. +</p> + +<h2> +MASSASOIT'S PROMISE +</h2> + +<p> +The savages and our people were long in the half-built +house, and both Sarah and I wondered what +could be going on to take up so much time, more especially +since we knew that, of the Indians, only Samoset +and Squanto could speak in English. Later we +came to understand that this chief, Massasoit, was +making a bargain with the men of Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +My father called it a treaty, which, so mother explained +to me, is the same as an agreement between +two nations. +</p> + +<p> +Massasoit, being the ruler over all the Indians nearby +our village, promised that neither he nor any of +his tribe should do any manner of harm to us of Plymouth; +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_51' name='Page_51'>[51]</a></span> +but if any wicked ones did work mischief, they +should be sent to our governor to be punished. +</p> + +<p> +He promised also that if anything was stolen by his +people from us, he would make sure it was sent back, +and if, which is by no means likely, any of us living in +Plymouth took from the Indians +aught of their property, our governor +should send it straightway +to the savages. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-051.jpg" width="179" height="371" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Massasoit said that if any Indians +came to fight or kill our people, +he would send some of his men to +help us, and if any tried to hurt +his people, our fathers must take +sides with him. Both Sarah and +I think this is wrong, for why +should Englishmen fight for the +savages? +</p> + +<p> +It seems to me much as if the white men should +not agree to go to war with any except those who try +to kill us; but father said it was no more than a fair +trade. +</p> + +<p> +All this was agreed to while Elder Brewster's house +was so full of visitors and our people, that they must +have been packed together like herring in a box, and +when the bargain, or treaty, had been made, all the +savages, except Samoset and Squanto, marched away. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_52' name='Page_52'>[52]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Soon after Massasoit had gone, his brother, Quadequina, +and several more Indians appeared, and we +entertained them also. +</p> + +<p> +It was much like a feast day, to have so many people +in this new village of ours that all the space beneath +the trees seemed to be crowded, and we felt quite +lonely when our fathers took up once more the work +of building houses. +</p> + +<h2> +MASSASOIT'S VISIT RETURNED +</h2> + +<p> +Next day Captain Standish and Master Allerton +went to call upon Massasoit, and I was so frightened +that I trembled when they +marched away, for it seemed +to me as if some harm would +be done them in the savage +village. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-052.jpg" width="234" height="398" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +They came back at nightfall, +none the worse for having +been so venturesome, and what +do you think they brought as +a present from the chief? A +few handfuls of nuts such as +grow in the ground, and many +leaves of a plant called tobacco, +which these savages burn in a queer little stone +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_53' name='Page_53'>[53]</a></span> +vessel at the end of a long, hollow reed, by putting the +reed in their mouths, and sucking the smoke through +to keep the herb alight. +</p> + +<p> +This ended our round of pleasure, the first we had +had for many a long day, and once more we trembled +before the sickness which was destroying so many +of our people. +</p> + +<h2> +THE BIG HOUSE BURNED +</h2> + +<p> +It was yet winter when we met with a sad loss, for +the Common House, as we called it, when speaking +of that first building which was put up that all of us +might have a shelter on shore while the dwellings +were being built, took fire, and much of it was +burned. Father believes that the logs in the fireplace +had been piled too high, because of the weather's +being so very cold, and thus the flames came directly +upon the chimney and the backbar, kindling all into +a blaze. +</p> + +<p> +It was most mournful to see next morning, the blackened, +smoldering logs of our first house which had +served as a shelter less than one month, and mother +says it was a warning to us that even our own +homes are in danger of being speedily destroyed, +unless the chimneys can be so built as to resist +fire. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_54' name='Page_54'>[54]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE "MAYFLOWER" LEAVES PORT +</h2> + +<p> +All was excitement in this little village when our +people began to make ready for sending the <i>Mayflower</i> +home. She had been lying at anchor close by +the shore, giving shelter to them as were yet without +homes, and affording a timely place of refuge when the +Common House was partly burned; but our fathers had +decided that she could no longer be kept idle. It was +much like breaking the last ties which bound us to +the old homes in England, when the time had been +set for her to go back. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-054.jpg" width="549" height="308" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Sarah and I could have no part in making the <i>Mayflower</i> +ready for sailing, since we were only two girls +who were of no service or aid; but we watched the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_55' name='Page_55'>[55]</a></span> +sailors as they came and went from the shore, wishing, +oh so fervently! that we and those we loved might remain +in the vessel which had brought us so safely +across the wide ocean. +</p> + +<p> +During such time as we were forced to remain on +board of her because of having no other place of shelter, +she seemed all too small for our comfort, and we rejoiced +at being able to leave her; but when it was +known that she was going back to our old homes, +where were all our friends, save those who had come +to this new world with us, it was much like starting +anew. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I stood with our arms around each other +as she sailed out of the harbor, while all the people +were gathered on the shore to wish her a safe voyage, +and I know that my cheeks were wet with tears as I +saw her disappearing in the east, leaving us behind. +</p> + +<p> +That night father prayed most fervently for all on +board, that they might have a safe and speedy passage, +and it was to me as if I had parted at the mouth of the +grave with some one who was very dear to me. +</p> + +<p> +Then were we indeed alone amid the huge trees, +surrounded by wild beasts and savage Indians, and +the sickness was yet so great among us, that I wondered +if God had really forgotten that we had come to this +new world in order to worship him as we had been +commanded? +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_56' name='Page_56'>[56]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +SETTING THE TABLE +</h2> + +<p> +I often ask myself what you of Scrooby would say +could you see us at dinner. We have no table, and +boards are very scarce +and high in price here in +this new village of ours, +therefore father saved +carefully the top of one +of our packing boxes, while nearly all in the settlement +did much the same, and these we call table boards. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-056a.jpg" width="308" height="112" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">A Wooden Trencher Bowl +</p> +</div> + +<p> +When it is time to serve the meal, mother and I +lay this board across two short logs; but we cover it +with the linen brought from the old home, and none in +the plantation, not even the governor himself, has +better, as you well know. +</p> + +<p> +I would we had +more dishes; but +they are costly, as +even you at home +know. Yet our +table looks very +inviting when it is +spread for a feast, say at such times as Elder +Brewster comes. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-056b.jpg" width="346" height="188" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Vessels of Gourds +</p> +</div> + +<p> +We have three trencher bowls, and another larger +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_57' name='Page_57'>[57]</a></span> +one in which all the food is placed. Then, in addition +to the wooden cups we brought from home, are many +vessels of gourds that we have raised in the garden, +and father has fashioned a mold for making spoons, so +that now our pewter ware, when grown old with service, +can be melted down into spoons until we have a +goodly abundance of them. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-057.jpg" width="557" height="337" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It is said, although I have not myself seen it, +that a table implement called a fork, is in the possession +of Master Brewster, having been brought +over from England. It is of iron, having two sharp +points made to hold the food. +</p> + +<p> +I cannot understand why any should need such a +tool while they have their own cleanly fingers, and +napkins of linen on which to wipe them. Perhaps +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_58' name='Page_58'>[58]</a></span> +Master Brewster was right when he said that we who +are come into this new world for the single reason of +worshiping God as we please, are too much bound +up in the vanities of life, and father says he knows +of no more vain thing than an iron tool with which +to hold one's food. +</p> + +<p> +I have seen at Master Bradford's home two bottles +made of glass, and they are exceedingly beautiful; +but so frail that I should scarce dare wash them, for +it would be a great disaster to break so valuable a +vessel. +</p> + +<h2> +WHAT AND HOW WE EAT +</h2> + +<p> +And now, perhaps, you ask what we have to eat +when the table is spread? Well, first, there is a pudding +of Indian corn, or Turkie wheat, and this we have +in the morning, at noon, and at night, save when there +may be a scarcity of corn. For meats, now that our +people are acquainted with the paths through the woods, +we have in season plenty of deer meat, or the flesh of +bears and of wild fowl, such as turkeys, ducks, and +pigeons. Of course there are lobsters in abundance, and +only those less thrifty people who do not put by store +sufficient for the morrow, live on such food as that. +</p> + +<p> +Every Saturday we have a feast of codfish, whether +alone or if there be company, and Elder Brewster has +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_59' name='Page_59'>[59]</a></span> +already spoken to us in meeting upon the vanity of +believing it is necessary that we garnish our table with +no less a fish than cod on Saturdays, saying it is a sign +that our hearts are not yet sufficiently humble. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-059.jpg" width="545" height="326" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +My father is over careful of me, Mistress White +claims, because he allows that I be seated at the table +with himself and my mother when they eat, instead +of being obliged to stand, as do other children in the +village when their elders are at meals. Poor Mistress +White fears that I am pampered because of being +an only child; but for my own part I cannot see +how I do less reverence to my parents by sitting when +eating, than by standing throughout a long feast when +one's legs grow weary, as did mine the last time we +were invited to dine with Elder Brewster. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_60' name='Page_60'>[60]</a></span> +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-060.jpg" width="342" height="272" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Of course we have no chairs; but the short lengths +of tree trunks which father has cut to serve as stools +are most comfortable, even though it be impossible to +do other than sit upright on them, and very often, if +one grows forgetful, +as did Captain +Standish at Master +Brewster's home a +short time ago, there +is danger of losing +the stool. Our +mighty soldier being +thus careless, tumbled +backward, so +surprised that he forgot to let go his trencher bowl, +thereby plentifully besmearing himself with hot hasty +pudding that he had been served with in great +abundance. +</p> + +<h2> +TABLE RULES +</h2> + +<p> +Mother has written down some rules for me at table, +so that I may do credit to my bringing up when at the +house of a friend, and these I am copying for you, to +the end that it shall be seen I am not so pampered by +being allowed to sit while eating, as to forget what +belongs to good breeding: +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_61' name='Page_61'>[61]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +"Never sit down at the table till asked, and after +the blessing. +</p> + +<p> +"Ask for nothing; tarry till it be offered thee. Speak +not. +</p> + +<p> +"Bite not thy bread, but break it. +</p> + +<p> +"Take salt only with a clean knife. Dip not the +meat in the same. +</p> + +<p> +"Hold not thy knife upright, but sloping, and lay +it down at the right hand of the plate with blade on +plate. +</p> + +<p> +"Look not earnestly at any other that is eating. +</p> + +<p> +"When moderately satisfied, leave the table. +</p> + +<p> +"Sing not, hum not, wriggle not." +</p> + +<p> +You may see that if I follow these rules carefully, +I shall not bring shame upon my mother. It is only +when the large wooden bowl, which is called the +voider, is placed on the table that I am most +awkward, and mother insisted on my learning this +poem, which contains many wholesome rules for +behavior: +</p> + +<div class="poetry-container"> +<div class="poem"> +<p>"When the meat is taken quite away,</p> +<p>And voiders in your presence laid,</p> +<p>Put you your trencher in the same</p> +<p>And all the crumbs which you have made.</p> +<p>Take you with your napkin and knife,</p> +<p>The crumbs that are before thee;</p> +<p>In the voider a napkin leave,</p> +<p>For it is a courtesy."</p> +</div></div> +<p> +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_62' name='Page_62'>[62]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +WHEN THE PILGRIM GOES ABROAD +</h2> + +<p> +If there be a desire to travel, we must either walk, +or sail in boats, and one may not go far on foot in either +direction along the +coast, without coming +upon streams or +brooks over which +has been felled a +tree to serve as +bridge. Now father +thinks a bridge of +that kind is all that +may be necessary, +because of his footing +being so sure; +but you know that +women are more timid, and it is difficult to walk +above the rushing streams on so slight a support as +a round log. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-062.jpg" width="342" height="362" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Because of having made our plantation near to a +deserted Indian village, there were paths through the +woods in every direction, and these we used whenever +making an excursion in search of bayberry plums, or +herbs of any kind. +</p> + +<p> +The Indians, after Squanto had made us friendly +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_63' name='Page_63'>[63]</a></span> +with the great chief Massasoit, were ready to sell us +boats, and queer sorts of ships would they seem in +your eyes. One kind is made of the bark taken from +the birch tree in great sheets, sewn together with sinews +of deer, and besmeared with fat from the pitch pine. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-063.jpg" width="398" height="419" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +I have seen one that would carry with +safety four people, so light that I myself +could lift it, but no man may use one of +these bark vessels +without first having +been taught +how to sail it, for +they are so like a +feather on the +water that the +slightest movement +oversets +them. +</p> + +<p> +For my part, +I feel more secure in what our people call a dugout, which +is made with much labor by the Indians, and is, as +Captain Standish says in truth, "a most unwieldy ship." +</p> + +<h2> +MAKING A DUGOUT +</h2> + +<p> +The Indians hew down a huge pine tree, and when +I say it is done without the use of axes, then you will +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_64' name='Page_64'>[64]</a></span> +wonder how the timber can be felled. Well, when +one of the savages desires to build him a boat, he selects +the tree from which it is to be made, and builds +a little fire around the trunk close to the ground. As +fast as the flames char the wood, he scrapes it away +with a sharp rock, or a thick seashell, and thus keeps +scraping the burning wood until the tree falls. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-064.jpg" width="561" height="506" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Then he cuts off ten or twelve feet in length by burning +and scraping exactly as before, and this is the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_65' name='Page_65'>[65]</a></span> +length of the boat he would build; but it is simply a +solid log. Now he sets about building a fire along +the top, charring the wood and scraping it away until, +after what must surely be a wonderful amount of +labor, he has hollowed out that huge log into a shell. +The bark is then stripped from the outside, and the +ends fashioned by burning until they are smooth, and +the ship is completed. +</p> + +<h2> +GOVERNOR CARVER'S DEATH +</h2> + +<p> +It was in April, when, because the weather had grown +so warm it seemed much as if we had been restored to +the favor of God, that a great calamity came upon +us of Plymouth, and my father says it is impossible +for us to understand how sore a stroke it was to +our people who count on making a home in this new +world. +</p> + +<p> +Governor Carver had hoped to make such a garden +as should be a model for all in the village, and to that +end he worked exceedingly hard, so father says. He +was planting and hoeing from early light until it was +no longer possible to see what he was about because +of the coming of night. Already many of the plants, +concerning which Samoset and Squanto had told us, +were showing through the ground, until, as Captain +Standish said, "all the others should take pattern by +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_66' name='Page_66'>[66]</a></span> +him that we might not taste again of the bitterness of +famine." +</p> + +<p> +The day had been very warm, and the governor +was working exceeding hard, when suddenly he complained +of a pain in his head. He strove in vain to +continue the labor; but Mistress Carver insisted that +he come into the house and lie down on a bear skin, +which Captain Standish had made into a bed-cover, +and this he did. +</p> + +<p> +Master Bradford and my father were summoned in +the hope that it might be possible to give him some +relief; but they could do no more than pray for his +recovery, and even while they were pleading most +fervently with God, the poor man lost all knowledge +of himself, nor did he speak again. +</p> + +<p> +During three days every one prayed; no trees were +hewn lest the noise disturb him, and all the women in +the village gathered in or around the house that they +might be ready in case their services were needed. +It was as if we were having three Sabbaths at once. +Then he died, without having come to know that he +was ill, and we were more heartsick and lonely even +than when the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed away. +</p> + +<p> +It seemed to me as if then was the time, when our +hearts were so sore, that our people ought to have +poured out their souls in prayer over the lifeless body +of him who had been so good a friend to us all; but that +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_67' name='Page_67'>[67]</a></span> +was forbidden. Therefore Governor Carver was laid +in the grave without a word or sound, other than the +sobs of the women and children, who mourned so +sorely. +</p> + +<p> +Those who had muskets discharged them as a parting +salute to him who had been our governor, and we +walked sorrowfully and in silence away, little dreaming +that within three short weeks Mistress Carver would +be buried near her husband's last resting place in this +world. +</p> + +<h2> +WILLIAM BRADFORD CHOSEN GOVERNOR +</h2> + +<p> +Two days after we had said farewell to Master Carver, +Master William Bradford was chosen governor; +but because he was yet stricken with the sickness, +Master Isaac Allerton was named as his assistant. +</p> + +<p> +I have no doubt that Hannah will be surprised at +knowing that "little Willie Bradford," as I have heard +the old women call him, has become our governor. +When a boy, he lived in Scrooby, and came, rather +from curiosity than a desire for the truth, among our +people, who were called Separatists, or Non-Conformists, +because they would not conform, or agree, +to King James' orders regarding their religion. +</p> + +<p> +William Bradford came to believe, after attending +the meetings in Elder Brewster's house, that ours was +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_68' name='Page_68'>[68]</a></span> +the true religion, and when our people made up their +minds to go into Holland where they might be allowed +to worship God as they chose, Master Bradford went +with them. There he learned the trade of a weaver +of cloth; but later he apprenticed himself to a printer. +</p> + +<p> +Now he is become the foremost man of all our company, +because of being the governor, and of a truth +has he been a very present help to us in our time of +trouble. +</p> + +<h2> +FARMING IN PLYMOUTH +</h2> + +<p> +I wish you might have seen how different to that +which is the custom in Scrooby, was our farming done +on the first season after we came ashore from the <i>Mayflower</i>. +Because of having no working cattle with +which to plough, the men were forced to dig up the +ground with spades, and weary labor it was. Those +of our people who were well enough to remain in the +field, planted nearly twenty-six acres, six of which were +sown with barley and peas, while the remainder was +given over to Indian corn. +</p> + +<p> +Squanto showed us how this last should be done, +and, strange as it may seem to you in England, he +used fish with which to enrich the land, putting three +small ones in each hill. +</p> + +<p> +You must know that all of us children, and the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_69' name='Page_69'>[69]</a></span> +women, work at the planting of this corn, for it is the +only kind of food to be had which can be kept throughout +the year without danger of being spoiled, and when +one grows weary with the task, it is only needed to +bring to mind our +hunger when we +first came ashore. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-069.jpg" width="346" height="410" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Perhaps you +may wonder where +we got so much of +the corn for seed. +It has all come +from the Indians +in one way or another. +Some of it +Squanto brought +from Massasoit's +people; but a +goodly portion has been found on the graves, of which +there are very many near our village. +</p> + +<p> +As to planting barley and peas, Squanto knew nothing; +therefore the work was done somewhat as it would +have been done at home, except that the land was encumbered +with rocks and trees, and we were much perplexed +by lack of tools. +</p> + +<p> +The seed was finally put into the ground, but even +when the task had been performed to the best of our +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_70' name='Page_70'>[70]</a></span> +ability, it was an odd looking farm to those who had +seen the fair fields of England. Large rocks stood here +and there, while many stumps of trees yet remained, for +our fathers had not been able to clear the land entirely. +We shall have much work at harvest, in gathering the +crops from amid all these unsightly things. +</p> + +<h2> +WAYS OF COOKING INDIAN CORN +</h2> + +<p> +I must tell you of a way to cook this Indian corn +which Squanto showed to Captain Standish, and now +we have it in all the houses, when we are so fortunate +as to have a supply of the wheat in our possession. +</p> + +<p> +It is poured into the hot ashes of the fireplace, and +allowed to remain there until every single wheat kernel +has been roasted brown. Then it is sifted out of the +ashes, beaten into a powder like meal, and mixed with +snow in the winter, or water in the summer. Three +spoonfuls a day is enough for a man who is on the +march, or at work, so Captain Standish says, and we +children are given only two thirds as much. +</p> + +<p> +Mother says it is especially of value because little +labor is needed to prepare it; but neither Sarah nor I +take kindly to the powder. +</p> + +<p> +The Indians also steep the corn in hot water twelve +hours before pounding it into a kind of coarse meal, +when they make it into a pudding much as you would +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_71' name='Page_71'>[71]</a></span> +in Scrooby; but mother likes not the taste after it has +been thus cooked before being pounded, thinking much +of the fine flavor has been taken from it. +</p> + +<p> +Sometimes we make a sweet pudding by mixing +it with molasses and boiling it in a bag. It will keep +thus for many days, and I once heard Captain Standish +say that there were as many sweet puddings made +in Plymouth every day as there were housewives. +</p> + +<p> +Next fall we shall have bread made of barley and +Indian corn meal, so father says, and I am hoping most +fervently that he may not be mistaken, for both Sarah +and I are heartily tired of nookick, and of sweet +pudding, which is not very sweet because we have need +to guard carefully our small store of molasses. +</p> + +<p> +We girls often promise ourselves a great feast when +a vessel comes out from England bringing butter, for +we have had none that could be eaten since the first +two weeks of the voyage +in the <i>Mayflower</i>. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-071.jpg" width="334" height="145" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Squanto often tells +us of a kind of vegetable, +or fruit, I am +not certain which, +that grows in this country, and is called a pumpkin. +It must be very fine, if one may judge by his praise of +it, and we are looking forward to the time when it +shall be possible to know for ourselves. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_72' name='Page_72'>[72]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE WEDDING +</h2> + +<p> +And now I am to tell you of a marriage in Plymouth +which deeply concerned Sarah and me. You +may be certain that we made great account of it, +although Master Bradford warned us against setting +our hearts on the wicked customs of England. +</p> + +<p> +I had hoped Elder Brewster would marry the couple, +for Sarah and I were deeply interested in them, having +seen much of the love-making while we were on board +the <i>Mayflower</i>. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-072.jpg" width="552" height="412" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +If the bride and groom had been in England, it would +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_73' name='Page_73'>[73]</a></span> +have been a time of feasting; but our people here shun +such show, therefore did we lose much of merrymaking. +</p> + +<p> +Although the bride and groom went to Elder Brewster's +house, which has served us as a place for religious +meetings, it was Governor Bradford who listened to +their vows and declared them to be man and wife, +and in less than half an hour the newly-made husband +was working in the field, while the wife was making +sugar. +</p> + +<h2> +MAKING MAPLE SUGAR +</h2> + +<p> +Yes, we have sugar in plenty now, and, strange as +it may seem, it comes from the trees. It was Squanto, +that true friend of +ours, who showed +us how to take it +from the maples, of +which there are +scores and scores +growing everywhere +around us. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-073.jpg" width="337" height="357" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +To get it one has +only to make a hole +in a maple tree, +and put therein a +small wooden spigot shaped like a spout, and straight-way, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_74' name='Page_74'>[74]</a></span> +when the first warm weather comes in the spring, +the sap of the tree, mounting from the roots to the +branches, will run out of the hole through the spout +into whatsoever vessels we place beneath. +</p> + +<p> +After that we boil it in kettles until it becomes thick +like molasses, or yet more, until it is real sugar, after +having been poured in pans of birch-bark to cool. It +has a certain flavor such as is not to be found in the +sugar of England; but answers our purpose so well +that it can be used to sweeten the meal made from +the corn, or eaten as a dainty. +</p> + +<h2> +DECORATING THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE +</h2> + +<p> +You must know that our house is not now as rough +on the inside as it would appear from what I first +wrote. Father has saved the skins of all the animals +he has caught, and prepared them in the same way as +do the Indians, which makes the fleshy side look like +fine leather. These we have hung on the walls, and +they not only serve to keep out the wind, but are really +beautiful. With the rough logs and the chinking +of clay hidden from view, it is easy to fancy that ours +is a real house, such as would be found in England. +</p> + +<p> +We have many fox skins, for father has shot large +numbers of foxes, and in what seems to me a curious +fashion. He saves all the fishes' heads that can be +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_75' name='Page_75'>[75]</a></span> +come at, and on moonlight nights throws them among +the trees, where the foxes, getting the scent, give him a +fair opportunity for shooting. +</p> + +<p> +Once he killed four in less than two hours, and we +have hung them in that corner of the kitchen which +we call mother's. Thus it is that she can sit leaning +her shoulders against the warm fur, through which +the wind cannot come. +</p> + +<p> +There is no need for me to tell you that we have +more wolf skins than any other kind, for our people +find it necessary to kill such animals in order to save +their own lives. One night before all the snow had +melted from the ground, Degory Priest was coming +through the forest after attending to his traps, and +was followed by five hungry wolves, who kept close at +his heels, and would +have eaten the poor +man but for his industry +in swinging +a long pole that +he carried to help +himself across the +streams. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-075.jpg" width="338" height="211" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Fortunately for Degory Priest, Captain Standish +heard his outcries while he was yet a long distance +from the village, and went out with three armed men +to give him aid. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_76' name='Page_76'>[76]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +TRAPPING WOLVES AND BAGGING PIGEONS +</h2> + +<p> +Our fathers dig deep pits, which are covered with +light brushwood, in such portions of the forest as the +wolves are most plenty, and many a one has fallen +therein, being held prisoner until some of the people +can kill him by means of axes fastened to long poles. +Father has built +many traps of logs; +but I cannot describe +how because +of never having seen +one. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-076.jpg" width="345" height="305" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Wolf Head Decoration on the Meeting-House +</p> +</div> + +<p> +Thomas Williams +killed seven wolves +in four days by tying +four or five mackerel +hooks together, +covering them with fat, and leaving them exposed +where the ravening creatures could get at them. +</p> + +<p> +Twice before the snow was melted, the men of the +village had what they called a "wolf-drive," when all +made a ring around a certain portion of the forest +where the animals lurked, and, by walking toward a +given center, drove the creatures together where they +could be shot or killed with axes. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_77' name='Page_77'>[77]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I do not dare venture very far from the +village because of the ferocious animals, and if the +time ever comes when we are no longer in deadly fear +of being carried away and eaten by the dreadful creatures, +this new world of ours will seem more like a +real home. +</p> + +<p> +I wish it might be possible for you to see the flocks +and flocks of pigeons which come here when the weather +grows warm. It is as if they shut out the light of the +sun, so great are the numbers, and father says that +again and again do they break down the branches of +the trees, when so many try to roost in one place. Any +person who so chooses may go out in the night after +the pigeons have gone to sleep, and gather as many bags +full as he can carry, so stupid are the birds in the dark, +and even when they are not the most plentiful, we can +buy them at the rate of one penny for twelve. +</p> + +<h2> +ELDER BREWSTER +</h2> + +<p> +I must tell you that there is being made a stout fort +where we can all go in case any wicked savages should +come against us, and when that has been finished, we +shall have a real meeting-house, for one is to be put +up inside the walls. +</p> + +<p> +Mother says she is certain Mistress Brewster will +be relieved, for now we meet each Sabbath Day at her +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_78' name='Page_78'>[78]</a></span> +home. It must be a real hardship for her when Elder +Brewster preaches an unusually long sermon, for many +a time have the pine knots been lighted before he had +come to an end, and, of course, the evening meal could +not be cooked until we who had come to meeting had +gone to our homes. +</p> + +<p> +Father has told me that Elder Brewster was a postmaster +of Scrooby when he first knew him; that his +belief in our faith was so strong as to make him one of +the Non-Conformists, and so earnestly did he strive to +perform whatsoever he believed the Lord had for him +to do, that his was the house in Scrooby where our +people listened to the expounding of the word of +God. +</p> + +<p> +When he, with the others of our friends, went to +Leyden, Master Brewster was chosen as assistant to +our preacher Robinson, and was made an elder. +</p> + +<p> +It is not seemly that a child so young as I should +speak even in praise of what my elders have done; but +surely a girl can realize when a man is watchful for the +comfort of others, heeding not his own troubles or +pains, so that those around him may be soothed, and, +next to Captain Standish, Elder Brewster was the one +to whom we children could go for advice or assistance. +</p> + +<p> +When the sickness was upon us, he, hardly able to +be out of his bed, ministered in turn to those who were +dying, and to us who were nigh to starvation, in as +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_79' name='Page_79'>[79]</a></span> +kindly, fatherly a manner as when he had sufficient of +the goods of this world to make himself comfortable +both in body and mind. +</p> + +<h2> +THE VISIT TO MASSASOIT +</h2> + +<p> +That which gave mother and me a great fright was +Governor Bradford's command that Edward Winslow +and Master Hopkins visit the village of the Indian +chief, Massasoit, in order to carry as presents from +our settlement of Plymouth a suit of English clothing, +a horseman's coat +of red cotton, and +three pewter dishes. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-079.jpg" width="333" height="308" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It seemed to my +mother and me as +though it was much +like going to certain +death; but Squanto, +who was to act as +guide, claimed that +no harm could come +to them. I trust not these savages, who look so cruel, +and cried heartily when our people set out; but God allowed +them to return in safety, although they were +not overly well pleased with the visit. +</p> + +<p> +Massasoit treated them in the most friendly manner, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_80' name='Page_80'>[80]</a></span> +and seemed to be well pleased with the gifts; but +he set before them only the very smallest quantity of +parched corn, no more than two spoonfuls to each one, and +failed to offer anything else when that had been eaten. +</p> + +<p> +Except that they were hungry during all the five +days of the stay, the savages treated them kindly, and +my father believes that we need have no fear this tribe +will do us any harm; but there are other Indians in +the land who may be tempted to work mischief. +</p> + +<h2> +KEEPING THE SABBATH HOLY +</h2> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-080.jpg" width="533" height="400" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +As soon as the fields had been planted, it was decided +that six men of the company should spend all +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_81' name='Page_81'>[81]</a></span> +their time at fishing, to the end that we might lay up a +store of sea food for the coming winter; therefore they +go out in the shallop every day, except the Sabbath, +which begins at three o'clock on Saturday afternoon. +At that time we children gather in one house or another, +but mostly at Elder Brewster's, where we study the +Bible, or listen to lectures by Governor Bradford. +</p> + +<p> +We are not allowed to walk around the village after +the Bible lessons are finished, but must run directly +home, and remain there until we go to meeting in +Elder Brewster's house next morning. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish says he does not favor such long +Sabbaths, while we have so much work on hand; but +he is not listened to on such matters, for his duty in +the village is only that of a military leader. +</p> + +<h2> +MAKING CLAPBOARDS +</h2> + +<p> +It is true indeed that there is very much work to be +done. First comes the planting and tending of the +crops. Then there is the fishing and the hunting that +we may have meat. Lastly is the making of clapboards, +which task was begun soon after the seed had been put +in the ground, for Governor Bradford believed we +should make enough with which to load the first vessel +that came to us from England. +</p> + +<p> +It was all we could do, just then, in the way of getting +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_82' name='Page_82'>[82]</a></span> +together that which might be sold to the people in +the old country, and father said the men of Plymouth +must be earning money in some other way than by +trying to gather furs, for already were the animals +growing more timid and scarce. +</p> + +<p> +It is not easy work, this clapboard-making, and I +cannot wonder that the men complain at being forced +to continue it day after day. First an oak tree is cut +by saws into the length necessary for clapboards, which, +so father tells me, should be about four feet long. +Then a tool called a "frow" is used to split the trunk +of the tree into slabs, or clapboards, making them thin +at one edge and half an inch or more thick at the other. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-082.jpg" width="229" height="91" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +This "frow" is shaped something +like a butcher's cleaver, +and a wooden mallet is +used to drive it into the log +until the splint is forced off. +</p> + +<p> +Our people made many clapboards during the time +between planting and harvest, so that we had enormous +stacks under the trees ready to put on board the first +vessel that should sail for England. +</p> + +<h2> +COOKING PUMPKINS +</h2> + +<p> +When the first pumpkins were ripe, Squanto showed +us how to cook them, and most of us find the fruit an +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_83' name='Page_83'>[83]</a></span> +agreeable change from sweet puddings, parched corn, +and fish. +</p> + +<p> +This is the way that Squanto cooked pumpkins. +First he was careful to find one that was wholly ripe. +In the top of the yellow globe he cut a small hole +through which it was possible for him to take out the +seeds, of which there are many. Then the whole pumpkin +was put into the iron oven and baked until the pulp +on the inside was soft, after which the shell could be +broken open, and the meat of the fruit eaten with the +sugar which we get from the trees. +</p> + +<p> +Mistress Bradford invented the plan of mixing the +baked pumpkin pulp with meal of the Indian corn, and +made of the whole a queer looking bread, which some +like exceeding well, but father says he is forced to +shut his eyes while eating it. +</p> + +<h2> +A NEW OVEN +</h2> + +<p> +Perhaps I have not told you how we happen to have +an oven, when there is only the big fireplace in which +to cook our food. Mistress White and Mistress Tilley +each brought from Leyden, in Holland, what some +people call "roasting kitchens," and you can think +of nothing more convenient. The oven or kitchen is +made of thin iron like unto a box, the front of which +is open, and the back rounded as is a log. It is near +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_84' name='Page_84'>[84]</a></span> +to a yard long, and stands so high as to take all the +heat from the fire which would otherwise be thrown +out into the room. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-084.jpg" width="305" height="224" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +In this oven we put our bread, pumpkins, or meat and +set it in front of, and close against, a roaring fire. The +back, or rounded part +is then heaped high with +hot ashes or live embers, +and that which is inside +must of a necessity be +cooked. At the very +top of the oven is a +small door, which can +be opened for the cook to look inside, and one may see +just how the food is getting on, without disturbing the +embers that have been heaped against the outer portion. +</p> + +<p> +We often borrow of Mistress Tilley her oven, and +father has promised to send by the first ship that comes +to this harbor, for one that shall be our very own. +When it arrives, I am certain mother will be very glad, +for there is no kitchen article which can save so much +labor for the housewife. +</p> + +<h2> +MAKING SPOONS AND DISHES +</h2> + +<p> +I wish you might see how greatly I added to our +store of spoons during the first summer we were here +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_85' name='Page_85'>[85]</a></span> +in Plymouth. Sarah and I gathered from the shore +clam shells that had been washed clean and white by the +sea, and Squanto cut many smooth sticks, with a cleft +in one end so that they +might be pushed firmly +on the shell, thus making +a most beautiful +spoon. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-085a.jpg" width="313" height="181" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Sarah says that they +are most to her liking, because it is not necessary to +spend very much time each week polishing them, as +we are forced to do with the pewter spoons. +</p> + +<p> +Some day, after we own cows, we can use the +large, flat clam shells with which to skim milk, and +when we make our own butter and cheese, we shall +be rich indeed. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-085b.jpg" width="344" height="186" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +After the pumpkins ripened, and when the gourds +in the Indian village +were hardened, we +added to our store +of bowls and cups +until the kitchen was +much the same as +littered with them, and all formed of the pumpkin and +gourd shells. +</p> + +<p> +Out of the gourd shells we made what were really +most serviceable dippers, and even bottles, while in +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_86' name='Page_86'>[86]</a></span> +the pumpkin shell dishes +we kept much of our +supply of Indian corn. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-086.jpg" width="275" height="559" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Captain Standish gave +me two of the most beautiful +turkey wings, to be +used as brushes; but they +are so fine that mother +has them hung on the +wall as ornaments, and +we sweep the hearth with +smaller and less perfect +wings from the birds or +turkeys father has brought +home. +</p> + +<p> +This no doubt seems to +you of Scrooby a queer +way of keeping house. +</p> + +<h2> +THE FORT AND MEETING-HOUSE +</h2> + +<p> +That which Captain Standish calls a fort is very +much like our homes, or the Common House, except +that it is larger, and has small, square openings high +up on the walls to serve both as windows and places +through which our people can shoot at an enemy, +if any come against us. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_87' name='Page_87'>[87]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Surely there are none in this new world who should +wish us harm, and yet my father says that we have +need to guard ourselves carefully, because Squanto +and Samoset have both insisted that a tribe of savages +who call themselves Narragansetts, and who live quite a +long distance away, may seek to drive us from the +land. +</p> + +<p> +This fort, the logs of which are sunken so deeply +into the earth that they cannot easily be overthrown, +has been built on the highest land within the settlement, +and extending from it in such a manner as to +make it a corner of the enclosure, is a fence of logs, +which Captain Standish calls a palisade, built to form +a square. The fence is made like the sides of our +houses; but the logs rise higher above the surface than +the head of the tallest man. +</p> + +<p> +There are two gates in the palisade, one on the side +nearest the fort, with the other directly opposite, and +these can be fastened with heavy logs on the inside. +All the people have been told that at the first signal +of danger, they must flee without loss of time inside +the fence of logs, after which the gates will be barred, +and no person may go on the outside without permission +from Captain Standish. +</p> + +<p> +The six cannon, which I told you had been mounted +on a platform when we first began to build the houses, +have been taken to the top of the fort, and from there, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_88' name='Page_88'>[88]</a></span> +so Captain Standish says, we can hold in check a regular +army of Indians; but God forbid that anything of +the kind should be necessary after we have come to +this new world desiring peace, and with honest intentions +toward all men. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-088.jpg" width="551" height="397" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Because it is not reasonable to suppose that any +human being could wish to work us harm, Sarah and +I look upon that which is called a fort, rather as a meeting-house +than a place of defence, and such it really +looks to be, for the floor is covered with seats made of +puncheon planks placed on short lengths of logs, while +at one end is a desk for the preacher built in much the +same fashion as are the seats. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_89' name='Page_89'>[89]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Here, also, so Governor Bradford has promised, we +children shall have a school as soon as a teacher can +be persuaded to come over from England. As it is +now, our parents teach us at home, and father believes +I can even now write as well as if I had been all this +while at school in Scrooby. With both a meeting-house +and a school, it will seem as if we had indeed built a +town in this vast wilderness. +</p> + +<h2> +THE HARVEST FESTIVAL +</h2> + +<p> +You shall now hear about our harvest festival, which +Governor Bradford declared should be called a day +of thanksgiving because the Lord had been good to +us in permitting of our getting from the earth, the +sea, and the forest, such a supply of food as gave +us to believe that never more would famine visit +Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +True it is the crop of peas had failed, but the barley, +so father said, was fairly good, while the Indian corn +grew in abundance. Our people had taken a great +many fish, and the hunters found in the forest a goodly +supply of birds and animals. Already were there +seven houses built, without counting the Common +House that had been repaired soon after it was injured +by fire, and the fort with its palisade. +</p> + +<p> +As soon as the harvest was over, the Governor sent +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_90' name='Page_90'>[90]</a></span> +four men out after such fowls and animals as might +be taken, and in two days they killed as many as would +serve to provide all the people of Plymouth with meat +for at least a full week. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-090.jpg" width="541" height="419" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +There were wild ducks in greatest number, together +with turkeys, and small birds like unto pheasants. +No less than twenty deer were killed, and it was well we +provided such a bountiful supply for the thanksgiving +festival, because on the day before the one appointed, +Massasoit, with ninety of his men, came to Plymouth, +bringing as gifts five deer, and it seemed as if the +Indians did nothing more than eat continuously. +</p> + +<p> +Instead of giving thanks on one particular day, as +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_91' name='Page_91'>[91]</a></span> +Governor Bradford had ordered, three days were +spent in such festivities as we had not seen since leaving +our homes in England. +</p> + +<p> +The deer and the big turkeys were roasted over +fires built in the open air, and we had corn and barley +bread, baked pumpkins, clams, lobsters, and fish until +one was wearied by the sight of so much food. +</p> + +<p> +Nor was eating the only amusement during this +thanksgiving time, for we played at games much as +we would have done in Scrooby. +</p> + +<p> +There was running, jumping, and leaping by the +men, stoolball for the boys, and a wolf hunt for +those soldiers under Captain Standish who were not +content with small sports. +</p> + +<h2> +HOW TO PLAY STOOLBALL +</h2> + +<p> +I know not if my friend Hannah has seen the +game of stoolball as it is played in our village of Plymouth, +because those among us who take part in it +use no sticks nor bats, but strike the ball only with their +hands. Of course we have no real stools here as yet, +because of the labor necessary to make them, when a +block of wood serves equally well on which to sit; but +the lads who play the game take a short piece of puncheon +board, and, boring three holes in it, put therein +sticks to serve as legs. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_92' name='Page_92'>[92]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +These they place upon the ground behind them, +and he who throws the ball strives to hit the stool +rather than the player, who is allowed only to use his +hands in warding it off. Whosesoever stool has been +hit must himself take the ball, throwing it, and continuing +at such service +until he succeeds +in striking +another's stool. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-092.jpg" width="347" height="259" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Sarah and I had +believed that at +this festival time, +we would gather +in the new meeting-house +to praise +the Lord for his wondrous goodness; but Master Bradford +believed it would not be seemly to mix religious +services with worldly sports, therefore it was not until +the next Sabbath Day that we heard lessons of the +Bible explained from that reading desk built of puncheons +and short lengths of tree trunks. +</p> + +<p> +Perhaps it was because Governor Bradford allowed +the men and boys to play at games during the time of +thanksgiving, that they came to believe such sports +would be permitted on Christmas, even though the +elders of our colony had decided no attention should be +paid to the day because of its being a Pagan festivity. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_93' name='Page_93'>[93]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +ON CHRISTMAS DAY +</h2> + +<p> +On the morning of the first Christmas after our +houses had been built, many of the men and boys, +when called upon to go out to work for the common +good, as had been the custom every week day during +the year, declared that they did not believe it right to +labor at the time when it was said Christ had been +born. Whereupon Governor Bradford, after telling +them plainly that he believed laziness rather than +any religious promptings of the spirit inclined them +to remain idle on that day, said he would leave +them alone until they were come to have a better +understanding of the matter. +</p> + +<p> +Then he, with those who were ready to obey the +rules, went to their work; but on coming back at noon, +he found those who did not believe it seemly to labor +on Christmas day, at play in the street, some throwing +bars, and others at stoolball. Without delay the +governor seized the balls and the bars, carrying them +into the fort, at the same time declaring that it was +against his conscience for some to play while others +worked. This, as you may suppose, brought the +merrymaking to an end. +</p> + +<p> +For my part I enjoyed the Christmas festivities as +we held them at Scrooby, and cannot understand why, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_94' name='Page_94'>[94]</a></span> +simply because certain heathen people turned the day +into a time for play and rejoicing, we should not make +merry after the custom of those in England. +</p> + +<h2> +WHEN THE "FORTUNE" ARRIVED +</h2> + +<p> +I hardly know how to set about telling you of that +time when the first ship came into our harbor. It +was not long after the day of thanksgiving when, early +one morning, even before any of our people had begun +work, some person cried out that a vessel was in sight. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-094.jpg" width="548" height="297" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It had been nearly a year since we landed on the +shores of the new world, and in all that time we had +seen no white people outside of our own company. +Therefore you can fancy how excited we all were. Even +Governor Bradford himself found it difficult to walk +slowly down to the shore, while Sarah and I ran with +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_95' name='Page_95'>[95]</a></span> +frantic haste, as if fearing we might not be able to +traverse the short distance before the vessel was come +to anchor and her crew landed. +</p> + +<p> +If I should try to tell you how we felt on seeing this +first vessel that had visited Plymouth, believing she +had on board some of our friends who had been left +behind when the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed, it would hardly be +possible for me to write of anything else, so long would +be the story. Therefore it is that I shall not try to +describe how we stood at the water's edge, every man, +woman and child in Plymouth, wrapped in furs until +we must have looked like so many wild animals, for +the day was exceeding cold and windy, watching every +movement made by those on board the vessel until a +boat, well laden with men and women, put off from +her side. +</p> + +<p> +Then we shouted boisterously, for it was well nigh +impossible to remain silent, and those who recognized +familiar faces among the occupants of the shallop +screamed a welcome to the new world, and to our town +of Plymouth, until they were hoarse from shouting. +</p> + +<p> +The ship which had come was the <i>Fortune</i>, and she +brought to us thirty-six of those who had been left behind +at Leyden. During fully two days we of Plymouth +did little more than give our entire attention to +these welcome visitors, hearing from them news of +those of our friends who were yet in Holland, and +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_96' name='Page_96'>[96]</a></span> +telling again and again the story of the sickness and the +famine with which we had become acquainted soon +after landing from the <i>Mayflower</i>. +</p> + +<h2> +POSSIBILITY OF ANOTHER FAMINE +</h2> + +<p> +When we were settled down, as one might say, and +our visitors were at work building homes for themselves, +I heard father and Master Brewster talking one evening +about the addition to our number, and was surprised +at learning, that while they rejoiced equally +with us children at the coming of our friends, what +might be in store for us in the future troubled them +greatly. +</p> + +<p> +The <i>Fortune</i> had brought from England no more +in the way of food than would suffice to feed the passengers +during the voyage across the ocean, and the crew +on her return. Therefore had we thirty-six mouths to +feed during the long winter, more than had been reckoned +on when we held our festival of thanksgiving. +</p> + +<p> +Until overhearing this conversation, I had not given +a thought to anything save the pleasure which would +be ours in having so many more friends around us; but +now, because Master Brewster and my father talked +in so serious a strain, did I begin to understand that +we might, before another summer had come, suffer +for food even as we had during the winter just passed. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_97' name='Page_97'>[97]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +And it was because of our people being so disturbed +regarding the store of provisions, that the ship did +not remain in the harbor as long as would have pleased +us. Governor Bradford told the captain that he must +set sail while there was yet food enough in the ship to +feed his crew during the voyage home, since we of +Plymouth could not give him any. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-097.jpg" width="553" height="277" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The <i>Fortune</i>, however, did not go back empty. +She was loaded full with the clapboards which our +people had made during the summer, and, in addition, +were two hogsheads filled with beaver and otter skins, +the whole of the freight amounting in value, so I heard +Captain Standish say, to not less than five hundred +pounds sterling. +</p> + +<p> +We were saddened when the ship left the harbor; +but not so much as on the day the <i>Mayflower</i> sailed +away, for, having sent back in the <i>Fortune</i> goods of +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_98' name='Page_98'>[98]</a></span> +value, there was fair promise she would speedily return +for more. +</p> + +<h2> +ON SHORT ALLOWANCE +</h2> + +<p> +When the <i>Fortune</i> had gone, the men of our settlement +took an exact account of all the provisions in +the common store, as well as of those belonging to the +different families, and the whole was divided in just +proportion among us every one. +</p> + +<p> +Then it was learned that we had no more in Plymouth +to eat than would provide for our wants during +six months, and since in that time there would not +be another harvest, it was decided by the governor and +the chief men of the village, that each person should +be given a certain amount less than the appetite craved; +short allowance, Captain Standish called it. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I were faint at heart on learning of this +decision, for it seemed as if during this winter we were +to live again in the misery such as we had known the +past season of cold and frost, when we hunted the +leaves of the checkerberry plant, and chewed the gum +which gathers in little bunches on the spruce trees, +to satisfy our hunger. +</p> + +<p> +Those who had come over in the <i>Fortune</i> to join us +were, as can well be understood, grieved because of +their putting us to such straits; it was a matter which +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_99' name='Page_99'>[99]</a></span> +could not be helped, and we of the +<i>Mayflower</i> strove earnestly not to speak +of the possible distress which might be +ours, lest our friends so lately come +might think we were reproaching them. +</p> + +<h2> +A THREATENING MESSAGE +</h2> + +<p> +It was not many days after we had +learned that we might be hungry before +another harvest should come, when a +savage, whom we had never before seen, +came to Plymouth, asking for our chief. +On being conducted to Governor Bradford, +he delivered unto him a bundle +of arrows which were tied together with +a great snake skin. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-099.jpg" width="148" height="824" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It so happened that Squanto was in +the village, and, on being sent for, he +explained to our people that the sending +of the arrows tied in the snake skin +was a threat, which meant that speedily +those from whom it had come would +make an attack upon us. He also declared +that the messenger was from the +nation of the Narragansetts, of whom +I have already told you. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_100' name='Page_100'>[100]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +The governor consulted with the chief men of Plymouth +as to what should be done, with the result that +Squanto was instructed to tell the Narragansett messenger +that if his people had rather have war than +peace, they might begin as soon as pleased them, for +we of Plymouth had done the Narragansetts no wrong, +neither did we fear any tribe of savages. Then the +snake skin was filled with bullets, as token that the +Indians would not find us unprepared when they made +an attack, and given to the messenger that he might +carry it back to those who had sent him. +</p> + +<p> +That night, when mother mourned because it seemed +certain war would soon be made upon us, father spoke +lightly of the matter, as if it were something of no great +importance. However, both Sarah and I took notice +that from the hour the Narragansett messenger left +Plymouth carrying the snake skin filled with bullets, +there were two men stationed on top of the fort night +and day, and a certain store of provisions taken +inside, as if the food might be used there rather than +in our homes. +</p> + +<p> +We knew nothing whatsoever about warfare, girls +as we were, but yet had common sense enough to understand +from such preparations, that our fathers were +holding themselves ready, and expecting that an attack +would be made by the savages within a very short +time. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_101' name='Page_101'>[101]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +PINE KNOTS AND CANDLES +</h2> + +<p> +Perhaps you would like to know how we light our +homes in the evening, since we have no tallow, for of +course people who own neither hogs, sheep, cows nor +oxen, do not have that which is needed for candles. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-101.jpg" width="316" height="295" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Well, first, we find our candles among the trees, and +of a truth the forest is of such extent that it would +seem as if all the +world might get an +ample store of material +to make light. +We use knots from +the pitch pine trees, +or wood from the +same tree split into +thin sheets or slices; +but the greatest +trouble is that the +wood is filled with a substance, which we at first thought +was pitch, that boils out by reason of the heat of the +flame, and drops on whatever may be beneath. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish has lately discovered, and truly he +is a wonderful man for finding out hidden things, that +the substance from the candle wood, as we call the +pitch pine, is turpentine or tar, and now, if you please, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_102' name='Page_102'>[102]</a></span> +our people are preparing these things to be sent back +to England for sale, with the hope that we shall thereby +get sufficient money with which to purchase the +animals we need so sorely. +</p> + +<p> +I would not have you understand that there are no +real candles here in Plymouth, for when the <i>Fortune</i> +came, her captain had a certain number of tallow +candles which he sold; but they are such luxuries as +can be afforded only on great occasions. Mother has +even at this day, wrapped carefully in moss, two of +them, for which father paid eight pence apiece, and +she blamed him greatly for having spent so much +money, at the same time declaring that they should +not be used except upon some great event, such as +when the evening meeting is held at our house. +</p> + +<h2> +TALLOW FROM BUSHES +</h2> + +<p> +Squanto has shown us how we may get, at only the +price of so much labor, that which looks very like +tallow, and of which mother has made many well-shaped +candles. +</p> + +<p> +You must know that in this country there grows a +bush which some call the tallow shrub; others claim +it should be named the candleberry tree, while Captain +Standish insists it is the bayberry bush. +</p> + +<p> +This plant bears berries somewhat red, and speckled +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_103' name='Page_103'>[103]</a></span> +with white, as if you had thrown powdered clam shells +on them. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-103.jpg" width="229" height="197" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +I gathered near to twelve quarts last week, and +mother put them in a large +pot filled with water, which +she stands over the fire, for +as yet we cannot boast of an +iron backbar to the fire-place, +on which heavy kettles may +be hung with safety. +</p> + +<p> +After these berries have +been cooked a certain time, that which looks like fat +is stewed out of them, and floats on the top of the +water. +</p> + +<p> +Mother skims it off into one of the four earthen +vessels we brought with us from Scrooby, and when +cold, it looks very much like tallow, save that it is +of a greenish color. After being made into candles +and burned, it gives off an odor which to some +is unpleasant; but I think it very sweet to the +nostrils. +</p> + +<h2> +WICKS FOR THE CANDLES +</h2> + +<p> +I suppose you are wondering how it is we get the +wicks for the candles, save at the expense and trouble +of bringing them from England. Well, you must +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_104' name='Page_104'>[104]</a></span> +know that there is a plant which +grows here plentifully, called +milkweed. It has a silken +down like unto silver in color, +and we children gather it in +the late summer. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-104.jpg" width="221" height="335" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It is spun coarsely into +wicks, and some of the more +careful housewives dip them +into saltpetre to insure better +burning. Do you remember +that poem of Master Tusser's +which we learned at Scrooby? +</p> + +<div class="poetry-container"> +<div class="poem"> +<p>Wife, make thine own candle,</p> +<p>Spare penny to handle.</p> +<p>Provide for thy tallow ere the frost cometh in,</p> +<p>And make thine own candle ere winter begin.</p> +</div></div> + +<p> +When candle-making time comes, I wish there were +other children in this household besides me, for the +work is hard and disagreeable, to say nothing of being +very greasy, and I would gladly share it with sisters +or brothers. +</p> + +<p> +Mother's candle-rods are small willow shoots, and +because of not having kitchen furniture in plenty, +she hangs the half-dipped wicks across that famous +wooden tub which we brought with us in the <i>Mayflower</i>. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_105' name='Page_105'>[105]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +DIPPING THE CANDLES +</h2> + +<p> +It is my task to hang six or eight of the milkweed +wicks on the rod, taking good care that they +shall be straight, which is not easy to accomplish, +for silvery and soft though the down is when first +gathered, it twists harshly, and of course, as everyone +knows, there can be no bends or kinks in a properly +made candle. +</p> + +<p> +Mother dips perhaps eight of these wicks at a time +into a pot of bayberry wax, and after they have been +so treated six or eight times, they are of sufficient size, +for our vegetable tallow sticks in greater mass than +does that which comes from an animal. +</p> + +<p> +A famous candle-maker is my mother, and I have +known her to make as many as one hundred and fifty +in a single day. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-105.jpg" width="226" height="140" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The candle box which your +uncle gave us is of great +convenience, for since it has +on the inside a hollow for +each candle, there is little +danger that any will be broken, and, besides, we +may put therein the half-burned candles, for we +cannot afford to waste even the tiniest scraps of +tallow. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_106' name='Page_106'>[106]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish has in his home candles made +from bear's grease, and as wicks, dry marsh grass +braided. +</p> + +<p> +When the second winter had begun, and the snow +lay deep all around, save where our people had dug +streets and paths, Sarah and I were forced, as a matter +of course, to remain a goodly portion of the time within +our homes. Those of the men who were not needed +to hew huge trees into lengths convenient for burning, +were hunting and setting traps, in the hope of adding +to the store of provisions which was so scanty after it +had been divided among those who came in the <i>Fortune</i>, +and Sarah and I had little else to do than recall +to mind that which had happened during the summer, +when all the country was good to look upon instead of +being imprisoned by the frost. +</p> + +<h2> +WHEN JAMES RUNS AWAY +</h2> + +<p> +We went back to the time when James Billington, +son of John, caused us all such a fright by his wayward +behavior. +</p> + +<p> +Because James was not a favorite with any of us +girls, being prone to tease us at every opportunity, +and spending more of his time in mischief than in work, +I must be careful how I speak of the lad, lest I fall into +that sin which Elder Brewster warns us to guard +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_107' name='Page_107'>[107]</a></span> +against: allowing one's feelings to control the tongue, +thereby speaking more harshly against another than +is warranted by the facts. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-107.jpg" width="550" height="306" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +I must, however, set it down that James was not a +favorite with any save his parents; but seemed ever +watching for an opportunity to make trouble for others, +and just before the harvest time did he succeed in +throwing the entire village into a state of confusion and +anxiety. +</p> + +<p> +On a certain afternoon, I cannot rightly recall the +exact time, it was noted by Sarah and myself, that, +contrary to his usual custom, James had not prowled +around where we children were at work in the fields +with the intent to perplex or annoy us, and we spoke +of the fact as if it was an unusually pleasant incident, +little dreaming of the trouble which was to follow. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_108' name='Page_108'>[108]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +That night, while father was reading from the Book, +and explaining to us the more difficult passages, the +mother of James came to our home, asking if we had +seen her son. +</p> + +<p> +Even then but little heed was given to the fact that +the boy had not returned for his share of the scanty +supper; but mayhap an hour later every one in the +settlement was summoned by the beating of the drum, +and then did we learn that James Billington had disappeared. +</p> + +<p> +The first thought was that some of the evil-disposed +savages had carried him away, and, acting upon the +governor's orders, Captain Standish set off with eight +men to hunt for the missing lad. +</p> + +<p> +I have never heard all the story of the search; but +know that they visited more than one of the Indian +villages, and perhaps would not have succeeded in +their purpose but that Squanto was found at Nauset, +and, aided by some of his savage friends, he speedily +got on the track of the missing boy. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish and his men were absent three +days before they came back, bringing James Billington, +and when his mother took him in her arms, rejoicing +over his return as if he had really escaped some +dreadful danger, Governor Bradford commanded that +she and her husband give to James such a whipping +as would prevent anything of the kind from happening +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_109' name='Page_109'>[109]</a></span> +again, for, as it appeared, the boy had willfully +run away, counting, as he said, to turn Indian because +of savages' not being obliged to work in the fields. +</p> + +<h2> +EVIL-MINDED INDIANS +</h2> + +<p> +It was during this summer that we had good cause +for alarm. Word was brought by Samoset that a +large party of Massasoit's people, being angry because +of his having showed us white folks favor, were bent +on attacking him and us, with the intent to destroy +entirely our town of Plymouth. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-109.jpg" width="537" height="416" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Captain Standish marched forth once more, this +time with twelve men at his heels, and I heard John +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_110' name='Page_110'>[110]</a></span> +Alden tell my father that the brave soldier went directly +to the village of those who would have murdered +us, where, without the shedding of blood, they took +from all the evil-minded Indians their weapons. +</p> + +<p> +It seems more like some wild fancy than the sober +truth, to say that twelve men could, without striking a +blow in anger, overcome no less than sixty wild savages, +and yet such was the case, for John Alden is known to +be a truthful man, and Captain Standish one who is +not given to boasting. +</p> + +<p> +The long dreary winter passed slowly, and during +a goodly number of days we of Plymouth were hungry, +although having sufficient of food to keep us from +actual starvation. Yet never once did I hear any +repining because of our having been brought to such +straits through the neglect of those who came in the +<i>Fortune</i>, and who should have provided themselves +with food sufficient for their wants until another harvest +time had come. +</p> + +<h2> +LONG HOURS OF PREACHING +</h2> + +<p> +We went more often to the meeting-house in the fort +than would have been the case, perhaps, had our bodily +comfort been greater, and Elder Brewster preached +to us more fervently than mayhap he might have +done but for the gnawing of hunger in his stomach. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_111' name='Page_111'>[111]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Every Sabbath Day from nine o'clock in the morning +until noon, and after that, from noon to dark, did +we sing, or pray, or listen to the elder's words of truth, +all the while being hungry, and a goodly portion +of the time cold unto the verge of freezing. +</p> + +<p> +My mother claimed that there was no reason why we +should not have a fireplace in the meeting-house, even +though none but the children might be allowed to approach +it; but Elder Brewster insisted that to think +of bodily suffering while engaged in the worship of +God, was much the same as a sin, and it seemed to +Sarah and me as if his preaching was prolonged when +the cold was most intense. +</p> + +<p> +Again and again have I sat on the puncheon benches, +my feet numbed with the frost, my teeth chattering +until it was necessary to thrust the corner of mother's +mantle into my mouth to prevent unseemly noise, +almost envying Master Hopkins when he walked from +his bench to the pulpit in order to turn the hourglass +for the second or third time, because of his thus having +a chance for exercising his limbs. +</p> + +<p> +You must know that, having no clocks, the time +in the meeting-house is marked by an hourglass, and +it is the duty of one of the leading men of the settlement +to turn it when the sand runs out. Therefore, +when Master Hopkins has turned it the second time, +thus showing that the third hour of the sermon has +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_112' name='Page_112'>[112]</a></span> +begun, I am so worldly-minded and so cold as to +rejoice, because of knowing that Elder Brewster, save +on especial days, seldom preaches more than the three +hours. +</p> + +<h2> +JOHN ALDEN'S TUBS +</h2> + +<p> +It was during this winter that John Alden, who is a +cooper as well as Captain Standish's clerk, spent +three days in our +home, making for +mother two tubs +which are fair to +look upon, and of +such size that we are +no longer troubled +on washdays by +being forced to +throw away the +soapy water in order +to rinse the clothes +which have already +been cleansed. You +may think it strange to hear me speak thus of +the waste of soapy water, because you in Scrooby +have of soap an abundance, while here in this +new land we are put to great stress through lack +of it. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-112.jpg" width="333" height="399" alt="" /> +</div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_113' name='Page_113'>[113]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +It would not be so ill if all the housewives would +make a generous quantity, but there are some among +us who are not so industrious as others, and dislike +the labor of making soap. They fail to provide sufficient +for themselves, but depend upon borrowing; +thus spending the stores of those who have looked ahead +for the needs of the future. +</p> + +<p> +Well, as I have said, the winter passed, and we were +come to the second summer after making this settlement +of Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +Once more was famine staring us in the face, therefore +every man, woman and child, save those chosen +to go fishing, was sent into the fields for the planting. +</p> + +<h2> +ENGLISH VISITORS +</h2> + +<p> +It was while our people were out fishing that they +were met by a great surprise, which was nothing less +than a shallop steering as if to come into the harbor, +and in her were many men. +</p> + +<p> +At first our fishermen feared the visitors might be +Frenchmen who had come bent on some evil intent; but +nevertheless our people approached boldly, and soon +learned that the shallop came from a ship nearby, +which Master Weston had sent out fishing from a +place on the coast called Damarins Cove. +</p> + +<p> +This Master Weston, so I learned later, was one of +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_114' name='Page_114'>[114]</a></span> +those merchants who had aided in fitting out our company +in England; but after our departure had decided +to send a colony on his own account, and the people +afterward settled at Wessagussett. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-114.jpg" width="546" height="265" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The reason why the shallop, of which I have just +spoken, came toward our village of Plymouth, was +that Master Weston's ship had brought over seven +men who wished to join us, and, what was yet +better, they had with them letters from our friends +at home. +</p> + +<p> +It was unfortunate that they had no food other than +enough to serve until they should have come to our settlement, +and thus it was that there were more mouths +yet for us to feed from our scanty store. +</p> + +<p> +A few weeks later we heard that a company of men +from England had begun to build a village within five +and twenty miles of our Plymouth town. There is +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_115' name='Page_115'>[115]</a></span> +little need for me to say that we rejoiced to learn of +neighbors in this wilderness of a country; but were +more than surprised because the ship which brought +them over the seas had not come into our harbor. +</p> + +<h2> +VISITING THE NEIGHBORS +</h2> + +<p> +That another village was to be built, and so near +at hand that in case the savages came against us in +anger we might call upon the people for aid, was of +so much importance in the eyes of Governor Bradford, +that he at once sent Captain Standish and six men +to visit our neighbors. This he did not only in order +to appear friendly, but with the hope that from the +new-comers we might be able to add to our store +of food. +</p> + +<p> +It was a great disappointment to all, and particularly +to Sarah and me, when the captain came back with +the report that the new settlers were glad to leave +London streets. They were of Master Weston's company; +among them were those who had come in the +shallop from Damarins Cove, bringing to us letters +from England, and the people who were eager to cast +in their lot with us. +</p> + +<p> +"They are a quarrelsome, worthless company, and +have already fought with the Indians after having +received favors from them," Captain Standish said +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_116' name='Page_116'>[116]</a></span> +to my father, when he had made his report to the +governor. "One Thomas Weston is the leader, and +if he continues as he has begun, there will soon be an +end of the entire party." +</p> + +<p> +Instead of getting food from them for our needs, +it is more than likely, so the captain declares, that we may +be called upon to save them from starvation. From +the first they stole corn from the Indians, or took it +by force, and it seemed certain they could not continue +such a lawless course until harvest time. +</p> + +<h2> +WHY MORE FISH ARE NOT TAKEN +</h2> + +<p> +I can well fancy you are asking how it is we complain +thus about the scarcity of food, when you know +that the sea is filled with fish. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish declares that there are no less than +two hundred different kinds to be found off this coast, +and lobsters are at some seasons so plentiful that the +smallest boy may go out and get as many as he can +carry. I myself have seen one so large that I could, +hardly lift it, and father says its weight was upwards +of twenty pounds. +</p> + +<p> +You will say that if we could send out a certain +number of our people in boats to get food thus from +the sea, what should prevent us from taking as many +as would be necessary for our wants during one year? +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_117' name='Page_117'>[117]</a></span> +I myself put that same question to father one night +last winter while we were hungry, and mother and +I sat chewing the +dried leaves of the +checkerberry plant +which ground to +powder between +our teeth, and he +answered me bitterly: +</p> + +<p> +"It is owing to +our own shortsightedness, +my daughter; +to our neglect to understand what might be met +with in this new world. Those who made ready for +the voyage believed we should find here food in abundance; +but yet had no reason for such belief. It was +known that we were to go into the wilderness, and yet, +perhaps, for we will not say aught of harm against +another, it was thought that we should find in the +forest so much of fowls and of animals as would serve +for all our needs." +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-117.jpg" width="344" height="298" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +"But why do we not take more fish, father?" I asked, +speaking because such conversation served to keep my +mind from the hunger which was heavy upon me. +</p> + +<p> +"Because of not having the lines, the hooks, or the +nets with which to catch a larger store. When the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_118' name='Page_118'>[118]</a></span> +<i>Fortune</i> sailed for home, Governor Bradford sent to +the people in London who had made ready the <i>Mayflower</i>, +urging that they send in the next ship which +may come to this land such fishing gear as is needed. +When that reaches us, then shall we be able not only +to guard against another time of famine; but have of +cured fish enough to bring us in money sufficient to +buy other things we now need." +</p> + +<p> +And thus speaking of money reminds me to set +down what the savages use in the stead of gold and +silver coins. +</p> + +<h2> +HOW WAMPUM IS MADE +</h2> + +<p> +You must know that the Indians hereabout +have no tools of iron or of steel, as do you in +Scrooby; but perform all their work by means +of fire and sharp pieces of flint stone. In +order to have something that can be called +money, although they of course do not use +that word in speaking of it, they get from the +dark spots which are found in clam shells, +beads about one-eighth of an inch in thickness +and an inch long. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-118.jpg" width="58" height="386" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +These they call wampum, and string them on +threads cut from the skin of a deer. Because of +a great deal of labor's being necessary in the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_119' name='Page_119'>[119]</a></span> +making of them, these bits of wampum, or beads, +are valued as highly by the Indians as we value gold or +silver, and the savage +who would hoard up his +wealth that it may be +seen of others, makes +of these strings of +wampum a belt many +inches broad. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-119.jpg" width="316" height="302" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It is convenient to +wear these belts, for +when the owner wishes +to buy something from +another Indian or even from us white people, he has +merely to take off one or two strings from the belt, +thereby decreasing the width ever so slightly. +</p> + +<p> +When Massasoit came to Plymouth, he wore three +of these wampum belts, and among those who followed +him, I saw five or six who had an equal number. +</p> + +<h2> +MINISTERING TO MASSASOIT +</h2> + +<p> +It was early in this second springtime that had come +to us in Plymouth, when Samoset brought word into +the village that Massasoit, the savage chief that had +been so kind to us, was ill unto death, and that +those jealous Indians whom Captain Standish had +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_120' name='Page_120'>[120]</a></span> +disarmed so valiantly, were only waiting until their king +should die before they made an attack upon our town. +</p> + +<p> +This news was believed to be of such importance +that straightway Governor Bradford commanded Captain +Standish to gather as many of his men as could +be spared from Plymouth, and go at once to Massasoit's +village. +</p> + +<p> +This of itself would have received but scant attention +from my parents or me, for it seemed as if the +captain was ever going out in search of some adventure +or another; but on this occasion, it was urged by the +governor that Master Winslow, who had shown himself +during our first winter on these shores to have some +considerable knowledge regarding sickness, go and try +if he might not lend the savage king some aid. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-120.jpg" width="455" height="277" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It was a fearsome time for everyone. We knew, +because of what Samoset had said, that many of +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_121' name='Page_121'>[121]</a></span> +Massasoit's people were awaiting an opportunity to +murder us, and, when Master Winslow should go into +the village among so many enemies, it was to be feared +the savages might fall upon him, knowing the chief +was so ill he could not give the white man any +help. +</p> + +<p> +During eight long, weary days we waited for the return +of Master Winslow, fearing each hour lest we +should hear that he was no longer in this world, and +then, to our great relief, he came into the village late +one evening, while my mother and I were praying +for his safe-keeping. +</p> + +<p> +Master Winslow had been most fortunate in the visit, +for the good Lord allowed that the savage chief should +be restored to health, and by way of showing his +gratitude for what had been done, Massasoit told Master +Winslow that the white people of Wessagussett had +so ill-treated the Indians along the coast, that a plot +was on foot to kill not only them, but us at Plymouth. +</p> + +<h2> +THE PLOT THWARTED +</h2> + +<p> +It was the same news which Samoset had brought +us, and there could no longer be any doubt as to its +truth. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish had come back only to set out +again, for when Master Winslow told Governor Bradford +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_122' name='Page_122'>[122]</a></span> +that which Massasoit had said, several of our men +were sent in hot haste to this place where Master Weston's +men were making so much mischief. Again +we of Plymouth waited in anxious suspense until +that day when Captain Standish, and all whom he +had taken with him, returned once more to the +village. +</p> + +<p> +They had met one Indian who, they believed, was +planning to murder Captain Standish himself. This +Indian and six of his savage companions they had +killed, driving the others away into the forest. +</p> + +<p> +It was believed by father that the Indians, knowing +we had ever treated them fairly and justly, and also that +our men had punished those who did wrong, would +no longer hold enmity against us of Plymouth simply +because of our skins' being white. +</p> + +<h2> +THE CAPTAIN'S INDIAN +</h2> + +<p> +I must tell you that our captain has adopted a follower +who hugs him as closely as ever shadow could. +It is a savage by the name of Hobomok, whom Samoset +brought to Plymouth. He must suddenly have +fallen in love with our valiant warrior, for he keeps +close at his heels during all the waking hours, and, as +John Alden says, sleeps as near, during the night, as +Captain Standish will permit. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_123' name='Page_123'>[123]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +He is called by our people "the captain's Indian," +and surely he appears to be as faithful and unselfish +as any dog. +</p> + +<h2> +BALLOTS OF CORN +</h2> + +<p> +We have come to put this Indian corn, or Turkey +wheat, to another use than that of eating, for it has +been agreed to let the kernels serve as ballots in public +voting. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-123.jpg" width="193" height="182" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Each man may put into Standish's iron cap, which +is what our people use when they cast their ballots, a +single kernel of the corn to show that it is his intent +to elect whomsoever had been +spoken of for this or that office; +but if a bean be cast, it is used as +counting against him who desires +to be elected, and a law has +already been made which says +that "if any man shall put more +than one Indian corn or bean into Captain Standish's +helmet in time of public election, he shall forfeit +no less than ten pounds in lawful money." +</p> + +<h2> +ARRIVAL OF THE "ANN" +</h2> + +<p> +And now, because there is so much of excitement, +owing to the frequent coming and going of strangers, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_124' name='Page_124'>[124]</a></span> +which neither Sarah nor I can well understand, I will set +down, in as few words as may be possible, only such +news as seems of importance, beginning with the time +before our second harvesting. +</p> + +<p> +Then the ship <i>Ann</i> came, bringing yet more people, +although, fortunately, a considerable store of food, and +in her were the wives and children of some of our +company who had come over in the <i>Mayflower</i>. How +joyous was the meeting between those who had long +been separated. Sarah and I could see, however, that +more than one of these women were disappointed, +having most likely allowed themselves to believe their +husbands were gathering riches in the new world. I +heard one, who found her husband much the same +as clad in rags, wish that she and her children were +in England again. +</p> + +<p> +When the ship <i>Ann</i> went back to England, my +mother and I were left alone, for it had been decided +by the head men of the town that Master Edward +Winslow should take passage in her to look after certain +business affairs of the colony, and, what seemed to +me the more important, to buy some cows. The sorrow +of it was that my father was chosen to journey with +Master Winslow. +</p> + +<p> +We were exceedingly lonely, and should have felt yet +more desolate but for Captain Standish and John Alden +both of whom did whatsoever they might to cheer. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_125' name='Page_125'>[125]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE "LITTLE JAMES" COMES TO PORT +</h2> + +<p> +It was while we were alone that the ship <i>Little James</i> +came, laden with fifty men, women and children to be +joined to our colony, and when they were settled, did +it seem as if Plymouth was much the same as a city, +with so many people coming and going. +</p> + +<p> +What with the food which had been brought in the +<i>Ann</i> and the <i>Little James</i>, and with the bountiful harvest +we reaped in the fall, there seemed no longer to +be any fear of famine; and with so many hands to make +light work, as Elder Brewster said, there was no good +reason why we should not have a meeting-house to be +used for no other purpose than as a place in which to +worship God. +</p> + +<h2> +THE NEW MEETING-HOUSE +</h2> + +<p> +It was after the harvest time that the people set about +building it, and that it might be seen by those who +looked at it from the outside, to be a building other +than for living purposes, the logs, instead of being set +upright in the earth, were laid lengthwise, and notched +at the ends in a most secure fashion, with a roof that +rises to a peak like unto those on the houses in Scrooby. +</p> + +<p> +The very best of oiled paper is set in the windows. +There is a real floor of puncheon boards, which we +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_126' name='Page_126'>[126]</a></span> +keep well covered with the white sand from the shore, +and Priscilla Mullens spends much time drawing with +a stick fanciful figures in the glistening covering, causing +it to look like a real carpet. +</p> + +<p> +There are benches sufficient for all, and at that end +opposite the door is the preacher's desk, over which +hangs a sounding board, not delicately fashioned like +the one at Scrooby, but made of puncheons, yet serving +well the purpose of allowing the preacher's voice +to seem louder. +</p> + +<p> +Elder Brewster still believes that it would be wrong +for us to have a fireplace in the meeting-house, because +one who truly worships his Maker should be +willing to sacrifice his comfort. One Sabbath Day, +when the elder's sermon was so long that the hourglass +had been turned three times by the tithingman, and +the sand was already running well for the fourth +time, I believed of a truth that my feet were really +frozen. +</p> + +<p> +But I did not even shuffle them on the floor, because +once when I did so, a most serious lesson did my +mother read me when we were at home again, and that +very evening Elder Brewster spoke in meeting of the +wickedness of children who had no more fear of God +before their eyes than to disturb by unseemly noise +those who had gathered for his worship. +</p> + +<p> +John Alden, who is ever ready to do what he can +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_127' name='Page_127'>[127]</a></span> +for the comfort of others, has now nailed bags made of +wolf skins on the benches, into which we may thrust +our feet and thus keep them warm. +</p> + +<h2> +THE CHURCH SERVICE +</h2> + +<p> +Captain Standish has taught Master Bean's eldest +son, Nathan, how to drum, and he it is who summons +our people before nine of the clock in the morning, and +one of the clock in the afternoon. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-127.jpg" width="548" height="299" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Then we go from our homes in seemly fashion; but +all the men carry their firearms and wear swords, for +there are wicked Indians about, and many wild beasts +which come even into the village, when there is much +snow on the ground. Therefore do the fathers and the +brothers of Plymouth guard the mothers and sisters. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_128' name='Page_128'>[128]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +It is that part of the meeting-house on the right side +as you go in, that has been set apart for the women +and girls. The men have their benches on the opposite +side, while the boys, except the very, very little +ones, sit directly under the preacher's desk, where all +may know if they behave themselves in seemly fashion. +Sarah says it would be much to the comfort of us +girls if even the baby boys could be thus set apart +by themselves. +</p> + +<p> +Deacon Chadwick leads the congregation in the +songs of praise, by reading a line, for we have but four +psalm books here, and then we sing such words as he +has spoken; so it goes on throughout all the psalm, +causing the music to sound halting and unequal. Besides +which, it is seldom that the verses can be sung in +such a manner within less than half an hour, and meanwhile +we must all be kept standing. +</p> + +<p> +When the meeting is over, and the morning service +is nearly always finished within four hours, we remain +in our seats until the preacher and his wife have +gone out, after which the men march around to the +deacon's bench, and there leave furs or corn, money +or wampum, if perchance they have any, as gifts toward +the support of the preaching. Sometimes, when +I have a feeling of faintness from the cold and long +hours of sitting, I cannot help envying the preacher +and his wife being able to leave thus early. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_129' name='Page_129'>[129]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE TITHINGMEN +</h2> + +<p> +The tithingmen are elected as town officers, and +each has ten families to visit during the week, when +they hear the children recite their lessons for the next +Sabbath Day. It is their duty to see that every person +goes to the meeting-house on Sabbath Day, with no +loitering on the way, and even after the preaching is +over, and we have returned +to our homes, +do they march up and +down the street to prevent +us from straying +out of doors until the +Sabbath is at a close. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-129.jpg" width="295" height="297" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +My mother believes, +and so do I, that it +would be better if the +tithingmen refrained +from walking to and fro in the church while the elder +is preaching; but so they do, each carrying a stick +which has a knob on one end and a fox or wolf tail +on the other, striking the unruly children on the head +with the knob end of the stick, and tickling with the +fox tail the faces of those who are so ungodly as to +sleep during the preaching. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_130' name='Page_130'>[130]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +MASTER WINSLOW BRINGS HOME COWS +</h2> + +<p> +I despair of trying to make you understand how thankful +we were to God, when the ship in which Master +Winslow and father returned, sailed into the harbor. +</p> + +<p> +It seemed to me as if I should never have enough of +looking at him, or feeling the pressure of his hand upon +my head, after he had thus been gone for eight +weary months; but, strange to say, the others in the +town thought it more pleasing to look at the cattle +which Master Winslow brought, than at our people +who had come back to us. +</p> + +<p> +Yes, in the ship <i>Charity</i>, on which Master Winslow +and father came, were three cows and a bull, and you +who have never known the lack of butter, cheese, and +milk, cannot understand how grateful our people +were for such things. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-130.jpg" width="547" height="248" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +The animals were no sooner on shore and eating +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_131' name='Page_131'>[131]</a></span> +greedily, than straightway we pictured to ourselves a +large herd of cows, such as are seen in England, and +when for the first time we saw the milk, a spoonful +was given to each person in order that he or she might +once more know the taste of it. +</p> + +<p> +In the same vessel came a preacher, by name of +John Lyford, a ship carpenter, and a man who is +skilled in making salt; therefore does it seem now as +if our town of Plymouth could boast of nearly as many +comforts and conveniences as you enjoy at Scrooby. +</p> + +<p> +Nor were the return of father and Master Winslow, +the coming of the animals, the arrival of the salt man, +or the joining to our company of the preacher, the +only things for which we had to give thanks. +</p> + +<h2> +A REAL OVEN +</h2> + +<p> +Father brought in the vessel as many bricks as +would serve to make an oven by the side of our fireplace, +and thus it was that we were the first family in +Plymouth who could bake bread or roast meats, as do +people in England. +</p> + +<p> +This oven is built on one side of the fireplace, with +a hole near the top, for the smoke to go through. It +has a door of real iron, with an ash pit below, so that +we may save the ashes for soap-making without storing +them in another place. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_132' name='Page_132'>[132]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +At first the oven was kept busily at work for the +benefit of our neighbors, being heated each day, but +for our own needs it is used once a week. Inside, a +great fire of dried +wood is kindled +and kept burning +from morning until +noon, when it +has thoroughly +heated the bricks. +Then the coals +and ashes are +swept out; the +chimney draught +is closed, and the +oven filled with +whatsoever we have to cook. A portion of our +bread is baked in the two pans which mother +owns; but the rest of it we lay on green leaves, and it +is cooked quite as well, although one is forced to +scrape a few cinders from the bottom of the loaf. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-132.jpg" width="347" height="351" alt="" /> +</div> + +<h2> +BUTTER AND CHEESE +</h2> + +<p> +Can you imagine how Sarah and I feasted when, +for the first time in four years, we had milk to drink, +and butter and cheese to eat? +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_133' name='Page_133'>[133]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +You must not believe that we drank milk freely, as +do you at Scrooby, for there are many people in Plymouth, +all of whom had been hungering for it even as +had Sarah and I. Father claimed that each must have +a certain share, therefore it is a great feast day with us +when we have a large spoonful on our pudding, or +to drink. +</p> +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-133.jpg" width="338" height="334" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +John Alden made a most beautiful churn for mother; +but many a long month passed before we could +get cream enough +to make butter, so +eager were our +people for the milk. +Now, however, when +there are seventeen +cows in this town of +ours, we not only +have butter on extra +occasions; but twice +each year mother +makes a cheese. +</p> + +<h2> +THE SETTLEMENT AT WESSAGUSSETT +</h2> + +<p> +Because of having spent so much time, and set down +so many words in trying to describe how we lived when +we first came to this new world, I must hasten over +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_134' name='Page_134'>[134]</a></span> +that which occurred from day to day, in order to tell +you what seems to me of the most importance, without +giving heed to the time when the events took +place. +</p> + +<p> +I have already told you of the village at Wessagussett, +which was built by men who had been sent to +this land by Master Weston, and also that they were +driven away by Captain Standish because of working +so much mischief among the Indians that our own +lives were in danger. +</p> + +<p> +Well, it was not long after Captain Standish had +punished them, before one and then another came +back to the huts, which had been left unharmed, +and we at Plymouth learned of their doings through +Samoset or Squanto. +</p> + +<p> +Had they been God-fearing people, willing to obey +our laws, Governor Bradford would have welcomed +them right gladly; but because of their refusing to do +that which was right, and their giving themselves +up to riotous living, our fathers could do no less than +hold them at a distance. +</p> + +<p> +Then it was that one Master Thomas Morton, +calling himself a gentlemen, who came over in the +<i>Charity</i> and had lived among us in Plymouth a short +time, much to the shame and discomfort of those who +strove to profit by the teachings of the Bible, claimed +that the evil-doers at Wessagussett were being wronged +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_135' name='Page_135'>[135]</a></span> +by us. He even went so far as to tell Governor Bradford +to his face that he was stiff-necked and straight-laced, +preaching what decent men could not practice. +</p> + +<h2> +THE VILLAGE OF MERRY MOUNT +</h2> + +<p> +After such a shameful outburst, it did not +surprise any one that he joined those at Wessagussett, +and perhaps it was as well that he +did so, for he would not have been +permitted to remain longer in Plymouth. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-135a.jpg" width="90" height="460" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Flint-Lock +Gun +</p> +</div> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-135b.jpg" width="85" height="531" alt="" /> +<p class="caption">Match-Lock +Gun +</p> +</div> + +<p> +Master Morton changed the name of +the village to Merry Mount, and it has +been said that everyone there gave himself +over to riotous living. They do +not even have a meeting house, +and John Alden declares that they +never pray, except by reading +prayers out of a book, which is an +evil practice, so Elder Brewster +insists. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish sorely offended +mother by saying he cared not +whether they read or sang their prayers, so +that they stopped selling firearms and strong +drink to the Indians. But this last they did, +until the captain could no longer hold his +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_136' name='Page_136'>[136]</a></span> +temper in check, and he laid the matter before +Governor Bradford and the chief men of the town. +</p> + +<p> +Then did the governor send to Master Morton by +Squanto a letter, telling him that for the safety of all +the white people he ought to stop his evil work of +teaching the savages how to use firearms, which might +one day be turned against us. +</p> + +<p> +To this Master Morton made reply that he had sold +firearms to the savages, and would do so as long as he +liked. He said his doings did not concern us of Plymouth, +and that no man could make him do other +than as he pleased. +</p> + +<p> +After reading the letter from Master Morton, the +governor sent Captain Standish with fourteen men to +Merry Mount, and Sarah's father told her that there +was a disagreeable battle before the captain could +bring Master Morton away. He was kept in Plymouth +until a vessel sailed for England, and then sent back in +her, much against his will, but those who were so venturesome +as to talk with him before he left, claim that +he threatened to come back at some later day, when he +would have revenge upon the governor and the captain. +</p> + +<h2> +THE FIRST SCHOOL +</h2> + +<p> +I must not forget to tell you that last year there was +opened a school, in that part of the old fort which was +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_137' name='Page_137'>[137]</a></span> +first used as a meeting-house. Our friends in England +sent to us a preacher by name of John Lyford, as +I have already said, and he it was who began the school, +teaching all children whose parents could pay him a +certain amount either in wampum, beaver skins, corn, +wheat, peas, or money. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah and I went during seven weeks, and would +have remained while school was open, but that Master +Lyford had hot words with Governor Bradford because +of letters which he wrote to his friends in England, +wherein were many false things set down concerning +us of Plymouth. Then it was father declared +that I should go on with my studies at home, rather +than be taught by a man who was doing whatsoever +he might to bring reproach upon our village. +</p> + +<p> +It caused me much sorrow thus to give over learning, +for Master Lyford taught us many new things, and +neither Sarah nor I could understand how it would +work harm to us, even though we did study under the +direction of one who was not a friend to Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +I felt sorry because of Master Lyford's having done +that which gave rise to ill feelings among our people, +since it resulted in his being sent away from Plymouth. +It would not have given me sorrow to see him go, for +to my mind he was not a friendly man; but it seemed +much like a great loss to the village, when the school +was closed. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_138' name='Page_138'>[138]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +It would surprise you to know how comfortable +everything was in the school; it seemed almost as if we +children were being allowed to give undue heed to +the pleasures of this world, though I must confess that +during the first hour of the morning session we were +distressed by the smoke. +</p> + +<h2> +TOO MUCH SMOKE +</h2> + +<p> +When the room had been used as a Sabbath Day +meeting-house, there was neither chimney nor fireplace, +because Elder Brewster believed that too much bodily +comfort would distract our thoughts from the duty +we owed the Lord. But when the place had been +turned into a schoolroom, it was necessary to have +warmth, if for no other reason than that the smaller +children might not be frost-bitten. +</p> + +<p> +John Billington was hired to build a fireplace and +chimney, and, as all in Plymouth know, he dislikes to +work even as does his son James. Therefore it was +that he failed to make the chimney of such height above +the top of the fort as would admit of a fair draught, +so Master Lyford declared, and we were sorely +troubled with smoke until the fire had gained good +headway. +</p> + +<p> +It was the duty of the boys to provide wood and +keep the fire burning; while we girls kept the room +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_139' name='Page_139'>[139]</a></span> +swept and cleanly, all of which tended to give us a +greater interest in the school. +</p> + +<h2> +SCHOOL COMFORTS +</h2> + +<p> +For our convenience when learning to write, puncheon +planks were fastened to the four sides of the room, +with stakes on the front edges to serve as legs in order +to hold them in a sloping position, and at such desk-like +contrivances we stood while using a pen, or working +at arithmetic with strips of birch-bark in the +stead of paper. The same benches which had been +built when the room was our meeting-house, served as +seats when we had need to rest our legs. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-139.jpg" width="555" height="392" alt="" /> +</div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_140' name='Page_140'>[140]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Master Lyford built for himself a desk in the center +of the room, where he could overlook us all, and +so great was his desire for comfort, which was one of +the complaints made against him by Governor Bradford, +that he had fastened a short piece of puncheon +plank to one side of the log which served as chair, +so that he might lean his back against it when he +was weary. +</p> + +<h2> +HOW THE CHILDREN WERE PUNISHED +</h2> + +<p> +It must be set down that he was not indolent when +it seemed to him that one of us should be punished. +As Captain Standish said, after he had looked into the +room to see James Billington whipped for having +been idle, the teacher "had a rare brain for inventing +instruments for discipline." +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-140.jpg" width="231" height="125" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +It was the flapper which the captain had seen in +use upon James, and surely it must have caused great +pain when laid on with all +Master Lyford's strength. A +piece of tanned buckskin, six +inches square, with a round +hole in the middle large enough +for me to thrust my thumb through, fastened to a +wooden handle,—this was the flapper, and when it +was brought down heavily upon one's bare flesh, a +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_141' name='Page_141'>[141]</a></span> +blister was raised the full size of the hole in the +leather. +</p> + +<p> +He had also a tattling stick, which was made of half +a dozen thick strips of deer hide fastened to a short +handle, and when he flogged the children with it, they +were forced to lie down over a log hewn with a sharp +edge at the top. This sharp edge of wood, together +with the blows from the stout thongs, caused great +pain. +</p> + +<p> +Master Lyford was not always so severe in his punishment. +He had whispering-sticks, which were thick +pieces of wood to be placed in a child's mouth until +it was forced wide open, and +then each end of the stick was +tied securely at the back of +the scholar's neck in such a +way that he could make no +manner of noise. Sarah wore +one of these nearly two hours because of whispering +to me, and when it was taken out, the poor child could +not close her jaws until I had rubbed them gently +during a long while. +</p> + +<div class="figright"> +<img src="images/i-141.jpg" width="227" height="135" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Then there was the single-legged stool, upon which +it was most tiring to sit, and this was given to the +child who would not keep still upon his bench. I was +forced to use it during one whole hour, because of +drumming my feet upon the floor when the cold was +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_142' name='Page_142'>[142]</a></span> +most bitter, and the fire would not burn owing to the +wood being so wet. It truly seemed to me, before the +punishment was come to an end, as if my back had +been broken. +</p> + +<p> +Master Lyford was also provided with five or six +dunce's caps, made of birch bark, on which were +painted in fair letters such names +as "Tell-Tale," "Bite-Finger-Baby," +"Lying Ananias," "Idle Boy," and +other ugly words. +</p> + +<div class="figleft"> +<img src="images/i-142.jpg" width="160" height="314" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +However, I dare say this was for +good, and went far toward aiding us +in our studies. Master Allerton declares +that there are no truer words +in the Book, than those which teach +us that to spare the rod is to spoil +the child, and surely we of Plymouth +were not spoiled in such manner by Master Lyford, +nor by the other teachers who came to us later. +</p> + +<h2> +NEW VILLAGES +</h2> + +<p> +While I have been setting down all these things +that you might know how we lived here in the wilderness, +other villages have been built around us until +we can no longer say we are alone, or that our only +neighbors are those Englishmen in Virginia, which +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_143' name='Page_143'>[143]</a></span> +place is so far away that we should need make a voyage +in a ship in order to come at it. +</p> + +<p> +First I will speak of that village of Merry Mount, +wherein dwell those people who, led by Thomas Morton, +are a reproach to those who walk in the straight +path. +</p> + +<p> +Then, so we have heard, there are white men living +on the river called Saco; at the mouth of the river +Piscataqua and higher up the stream is, so Squanto +declares, a village called Cochecho. +</p> + +<p> +At Pemaquid, and on the nearby island of Monhegan, +are settlements whose dwellers are nearly all +fishermen, and who send their catch to England. +</p> + +<p> +One Captain Wollaston, with between thirty and +forty men, began to make a village on the seashore +not above fifty miles from here; but he soon tired of +battling with the wilderness, and set sail with all his +people for Virginia. +</p> + +<p> +Master John Oldham, who came to Plymouth with +Master Lyford, having had hot words with Governor +Bradford, set off for a place called Nantasket, where, +in company with four other discontented ones of our +village, he aims to make a town. +</p> + +<p> +Near by Plymouth, if one makes the journey by boat, +is a town called Salem, lately set up with Master Endicott +as the governor, wherein live more than two +hundred people, and within a few weeks it has been +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_144' name='Page_144'>[144]</a></span> +said that another company are making homes on Massachusetts +Bay, calling the place Charlestown. +</p> + +<p> +Therefore you can see how fast this new world is +being covered with villages and towns, and we who +were the first to gain a foothold in the wilderness, are +surrounded by neighbors until it seems as if the land +were really thronged with people. +</p> + +<h2> +MAKING READY FOR A JOURNEY +</h2> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-144.jpg" width="550" height="278" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Not two months ago my father got word that among +those who had come to build homes at the place already +named Salem, were many of our old friends whom +we left behind at Leyden, and I was nearly wild with +delight when he said to my mother: +</p> + +<p> +"Verily we two have earned a time of rest, and if +it be to your mind we will go even so far as Salem, to +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_145' name='Page_145'>[145]</a></span> +greet those friends of ours who have so lately come +from Leyden." +</p> + +<p> +"And Mary?" my mother asked. +</p> + +<p> +"She shall go with us. If you and I are to give ourselves +over to pleasure, it is well she should have a +share." +</p> + +<p> +Since the day on which we landed from the <i>Mayflower</i>, +I had not been allowed to stray above half a +mile from the village, and now I was to journey like +a princess, with nothing to do save seek that which +might serve for my pleasure or amusement. +</p> + +<p> +Then, remembering how sad at heart Sarah would +be if we were parted after having been so much together +these ten years, I made bold to ask my mother +if she might journey with us, and after having speech +with my father, she gave her consent. +</p> + +<p> +There is no need for me to tell you that we two girls +were wondrously happy and woefully excited at the +idea of visiting strange people, concerning whom we +had heard not a little, for, as Captain Standish has +said, never were homeseekers outfitted in such plenty. +</p> + +<p> +When he heard of what father counted on doing, +Captain Standish offered to make one of the party, +saying that it would gladden him to see a friendly face +from Leyden, and it was his idea that we go in the +shallop, taking with us John Alden to aid in working +the vessel. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_146' name='Page_146'>[146]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +You can well fancy that Sarah and I were pleased +to have the captain with our party, for he has ever +been a good friend of ours, and as for John Alden, if +Mistress Priscilla was willing to spare him from home, +we were content, knowing he was at all times ready, +as well as eager, to do his full share of whatsoever +labor might be at hand. +</p> + +<h2> +CLOTHING FOR THE SALEM COMPANY +</h2> + +<p> +Just fancy! The Massachusetts Bay Company gave +to each man and boy who came over from England to +Salem four pairs of shoes, and four pairs of stockings +to wear with them, a stout pair of Norwich garters, +together with four shirts, and two suits of doublet and +hose of leather lined with oiled skin. As if that were +not enough, to the list were added a woolen suit lined +with leather, two handkerchiefs, and a green cotton +waistcoat. Then came a leather belt, a woolen cap, +a black hat, two red knit caps, two pairs of gloves, +a cloak lined with cotton, and an extra pair of +breeches. +</p> + +<p> +Is it any wonder that Sarah and I were eager to see +these gentlemen who must have needed a baggage +ship in order to bring over their finery. Think of +people coming into the wilderness outfitted in such +extravagant fashion as that! +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_147' name='Page_147'>[147]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +Surely they should be able to live comfortably, and +without anxiety for the future, because the company +that sent them to build the town of Salem, took good +care that they were provided with provisions in plenty +until they had sown and reaped. +</p> + +<p> +If we of Plymouth had come so burdened with +clothes and food, we should have been spared many a +sad day, when an empty stomach, scantily covered with +thin clothing, knew at the same time the biting of the +frost and the gnawing of hunger. It is little wonder +that Sarah and I were eager to see these fortunate +people, if for no other reason than to learn how they +carried themselves before us of Plymouth, who failed +of being fine birds through absence of fine feathers. +</p> + +<h2> +PREPARING FOOD FOR THE JOURNEY +</h2> + +<p> +During one full week before the time set for us to +leave home, mother and I worked from daylight until +dark making ready the food, for it was no slight task +to prepare enough to fill the stomachs of all our company. +</p> + +<p> +It is true we would be housed and fed in Salem; but +no one could say how the voyage might be prolonged, +if the wind proved contrary, therefore did it behoove +us to prepare for a long passage lest we suffer from hunger +by the way. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_148' name='Page_148'>[148]</a></span> +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-148.jpg" width="544" height="296" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +We made nookick enough, +as father said, for the Plymouth +army, and of Indian corn meal +and pumpkin bread, no less than +twenty large loaves. We had a sweet +pudding in a bag for each person, +counting Sarah and me; Captain +Standish had shot two wild ducks as his portion of the +stores, and these had been roasted until they were of +a most delicious brown shade, causing one's mouth to +water when looking at them. +</p> + +<p> +Father had cut up the salt and pickled fish until it +could be stored in gourds, and John Alden caught +lobsters enough to prevent our suffering from hunger +during at least two days. +</p> + +<p> +We had two pumpkins freshly roasted, which would +remain sweet a long while; the full half of a small +cheese, a pat of butter as a luxury, and much else +which I cannot well call to mind. +</p> + +<h2> +BEFORE SAILING FOR SALEM +</h2> + +<p> +The hinder part of the shallop was partly filled with +dried beach grass, that we might have a soft bed if so +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_149' name='Page_149'>[149]</a></span> +be we were, as it seemed likely, still on the voyage when +night came. In the forward portion of the vessel was +a keg of John Alden's making, filled with sweet spring +water, and thus, as you may see, everything had been +done to minister to our comfort. +</p> + +<p> +I was half afraid Elder Brewster might force us to +wait beyond the day appointed for leaving, in order to +read us more than one lesson on the sin of over-indulgence; +but, fortunately, he could not spend the +time to overlook the preparations, because of building +a new chimney to his house, the old one having burned +on Saturday night. +</p> + +<p> +On the evening before we sailed, many of our neighbors +came in to pray with us that God would have us +in His holy keeping while we wandered so far from +home, and my eyes were filled to overflowing when +Elder Brewster made special mention of Sarah and +me, asking that we might not be led from straight +paths by the sight of so much worldly vanity as was +likely waiting for us in that town of Salem, which had +grown so suddenly and so rapidly. +</p> + +<p> +Sarah slept with me on that night, and after we were +gone to bed in the kitchen, we could hardly close our +eyes, so great was our excitement, as we thought of +all the strange sights we were likely to see. I am of +the belief that we had not been asleep above an hour, +when mother came to make ready the morning meal. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_150' name='Page_150'>[150]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +It was yet dark; but father had it in mind to make +the start as soon as day broke, and there was much to +be done before that time. We ate hurriedly of the +Indian corn meal pudding, and then Captain Standish +and John Alden came to join us in the service of praise, +when I am afraid my sin was great, for I could hardly +keep my mind on the words of his prayer, so eager +did I feel to begin the journey. +</p> + +<p> +Elder Brewster has told us children again and again +that we are offending God when we allow our thoughts +to stray while He is being worshiped, and even with +his warning in mind, I could not but wonder why +father's prayer was so much longer on that morning +than I ever had known before. Twice I heard Captain +Standish cough while we were on our knees, and +I was so wicked as to feel pleased because he, like me, +had grown impatient. +</p> + +<h2> +THE JOURNEY +</h2> + +<p> +The day had not fully dawned when we marched +down to the shore where the shallop lay at anchor; +but early though the hour was, we found there assembled +nearly all the townspeople, come to bid us Godspeed on +the dangerous journey. One would have thought we +were counting to travel as far as England, to judge from +the looks of sorrow on the faces of our friends, and we +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_151' name='Page_151'>[151]</a></span> +did not go aboard the small vessel until Elder Brewster +had prayed once more for our safe return from the +place where temptation in so many forms awaited us. +</p> + +<p> +However much time I might spend over the task, +it would be impossible for me to describe, in such a +manner that you could understand it, the pleasure +which Sarah and I had during the journey. It was our +first voyaging in so small a vessel, but we could not +well have been alarmed, for the sea was as smooth as +velvet, save where it was ruffled here and there by the +gentle breeze which filled the sail of the shallop. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-151.jpg" width="539" height="316" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Both my father and Captain Standish fretted because +there was not wind enough to send us along at +a smarter pace; but we girls were well content with +the slow progress, since it would be but prolonging +our pleasure. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_152' name='Page_152'>[152]</a></span> +</p> + +<p> +As the day grew older, we partook of food, and each +one, save him who was at the helm, chose such position +as was best suited to comfort. Father pointed +out to us certain landmarks on the coast, which he +said had been set down by Captain John Smith of +Virginia when he journeyed in this region, and John +Alden told of settlers who had begun to make plantations +on the shores of Massachusetts Bay. +</p> + +<p> +At noon father read from the Book, while John Alden +steered, and after a season of prayer mother spoke with +Captain Standish concerning friends in Holland. +</p> + +<p> +It was as if this carried the captain's mind back to +the time when he had been an officer in the Dutch +army, for straightway he began telling stories of adventure +and of thrilling escapes from death, until +Sarah and I were at the same time entranced and +alarmed. Even though I burned to have him continue, +it was a relief when he changed the subject to speculate +upon what the future might hold for us of Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +When night came, we were yet at sea, and mother, +Sarah, and I lay down on the dry beach grass in the +bottom of the boat, after father had once more prayed +that the Lord would hold us, as He does the sea, in +the hollow of His hand. We slept as sweetly as if in +our own beds at Plymouth, never once awakening until +Captain Standish cried out that we should open our +eyes to the glory of the sunrise. +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_153' name='Page_153'>[153]</a></span> +</p> + +<h2> +THE ARRIVAL AT SALEM +</h2> + +<p> +We were then near unto the village of Salem, and +there was no more than time in which to break our +fast, and join with father in thanks to God because of +His having saved us through the night, when the +shallop was run in as close to land as the depth of +water would permit. +</p> + +<p> +Captain Standish carried each of us ashore, wading +in the sea knee-deep to do so, and after we were standing +dry-shod on the sand, the vessel was pushed off +at anchor, lest she should take ground when the tide +went down. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-153.jpg" width="545" height="270" alt="" /> +</div> + +<p> +Then we went into the village, where already more +than thirty houses had been built, father and Captain +Standish walking in the lead, while John Alden +remained by the side of mother, and we girls followed +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_154' name='Page_154'>[154]</a></span> +on behind, soberly and slowly, even though our hearts +were beating fast with excitement. +</p> + +<p> +Not for long were we left to our own devices. As +soon as we were seen by one of the women, all our +party were made welcome to Salem, and when it was +learned that we had come from Plymouth, in the hope +of meeting those whom we had known at Leyden, it +was as if every person in the village made effort to entertain +us. +</p> + +<h2> +SIGHT-SEEING IN SALEM +</h2> + +<p> +It is not for me to say ought against those who +treated us so kindly; but yet I must set it down that +Sarah and I were somewhat disappointed. There was +no such show of luxury and vanity as we had been +led to expect, after learning how wondrously these +people had been supplied with clothes. The houses +were no better than could be found in our own village +of Plymouth, and, save that there was pickled beef +and pork in great abundance, the food was no more +tempting. +</p> + +<p> +The elders of our little company speedily found +old friends whom they had parted with in Leyden; +but Sarah and I, having been so young when we left +Holland, could not be expected to remember any of +the children. We wandered here and there however, +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_155' name='Page_155'>[155]</a></span> +being greeted by strangers as if we were old friends, +comparing all we saw with that which could be found +in Plymouth, and coming to believe that ours was +the most goodly home. +</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> +<img src="images/i-155.jpg" width="542" height="325" alt="" /> +</div> + +<h2> +BACK TO PLYMOUTH +</h2> + +<p> +I believe we looked forward to going back quite as +eagerly as we had to coming. Right glad were all +of us, including even Captain Standish, when we said +good-by to the people of Salem, and our shallop, with +a strong wind astern, sailed with her bow toward +Plymouth. +</p> + +<p> +"It is well that we go abroad at times, if for no other +reason than to learn how dear is our own hearthstone," +the captain said in a tone of content, as he sat in the +<span class='pagenum'><a id='Page_156' name='Page_156'>[156]</a></span> +bottom of the boat with his back against the mast, +burning the Indian weed in a little stone vessel which +Hobomok had brought to him from Massasoit's +village. +</p> + +<p> +Then he fell to telling Sarah and me stories, tiring +not until we were once more at home, for the return +voyage was exceeding speedy. +</p> + +<p> +And now, because I am just returned to the place +where we landed ten years ago, concerning which I +have been trying to tell you, it is well I should come to +the end, trusting that the Lord may be as good to you, +as he has been to us children of Plymouth during all +these years of hardships and sorrows. +</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary of Plymouth, by James Otis + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY OF PLYMOUTH *** + +***** This file should be named 44616-h.htm or 44616-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/6/1/44616/ + +Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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--- /dev/null +++ b/old/44616.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4104 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary of Plymouth, by James Otis + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Mary of Plymouth + A Story of the Pilgrim Settlement + +Author: James Otis + +Release Date: January 7, 2014 [EBook #44616] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY OF PLYMOUTH *** + + + + +Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + + + + + + +Transcriber's Note: + + Inconsistent hyphenation and spelling in the original document have + been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. + + Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. + + + + + MARY OF PLYMOUTH + + A STORY OF THE PILGRIM SETTLEMENT + + BY + JAMES OTIS + + + NEW YORK -:- CINCINNATI -:- CHICAGO + AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY + + + + + COPYRIGHT, 1910, BY + JAMES OTIS KALER + + ENTERED AT STATIONERS' HALL, LONDON + + + + +FOREWORD + + +The purpose of this series of stories is to show the children, and +even those who have already taken up the study of history, the _home +life_ of the colonists with whom they meet in their books. To this end +every effort has been made to avoid anything savoring of romance, and +to deal only with facts, so far as that is possible, while describing +the daily life of those people who conquered the wilderness whether for +conscience sake or for gain. + +That the stories may appeal more directly to the children, they are +told from the viewpoint of a child, and purport to have been related +by a child. Should any criticism be made regarding the seeming neglect +to mention important historical facts, the answer would be that these +books are not sent out as histories,--although it is believed that they +will awaken a desire to learn more of the building of the nation,--and +only such incidents as would be particularly noted by a child are used. + + +Surely it is entertaining as well as instructive for young people to +read of the toil and privations in the homes of those who came into a +new world to build up a country for themselves, and such homely facts +are not to be found in the real histories of our land. + + JAMES OTIS. + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + Why This Story Was Written 9 + The Leaking "Speedwell" 10 + Searching for a Home 13 + After the Storm 15 + Wash Day 16 + Finding the Corn 17 + Attacked by the Savages 20 + Building Houses 22 + Miles Standish 24 + The Sick People 26 + The New Home 27 + Master White and the Wolf 29 + The Inside of the House 30 + A Chimney Without Bricks 32 + Building the Fire 33 + Master Bradford's Chimney 34 + Scarcity of Food 36 + A Timely Gift 38 + The First Savage Visitor 39 + Squanto's Story 41 + Living in the Wilderness 42 + The Friendly Indians 44 + Grinding the Corn 46 + A Visit From Massasoit 47 + Massasoit's Promise 50 + Massasoit's Visit Returned 52 + The Big House Burned 53 + The "Mayflower" Leaves Port 54 + Setting the Table 56 + What and How We Eat 58 + Table Rules 60 + When the Pilgrim Goes Abroad 62 + Making a Dugout 63 + Governor Carver's Death 65 + William Bradford Chosen Governor 67 + Farming in Plymouth 68 + Ways of Cooking Indian Corn 70 + The Wedding 72 + Making Maple Sugar 73 + Decorating the Inside of the House 74 + Trapping Wolves and Bagging Pigeons 76 + Elder Brewster 77 + The Visit to Massasoit 79 + Keeping the Sabbath Holy 80 + Making Clapboards 81 + Cooking Pumpkins 82 + A New Oven 83 + Making Spoons and Dishes 84 + The Fort and Meeting-House 86 + The Harvest Festival 89 + How to Play Stoolball 91 + On Christmas Day 93 + When the "Fortune" Arrived 94 + Possibility of Another Famine 96 + On Short Allowance 98 + A Threatening Message 99 + Pine Knots and Candles 101 + Tallow from Bushes 102 + Wicks for the Candles 103 + Dipping the Candles 105 + When James Runs Away 106 + Evil-Minded Indians 109 + Long Hours of Preaching 110 + John Alden's Tubs 112 + English Visitors 113 + Visiting the Neighbors 115 + Why More Fish Are Not Taken 116 + How Wampum is Made 118 + Ministering to Massasoit 119 + The Plot Thwarted 121 + The Captain's Indian 122 + Ballots of Corn 123 + Arrival of the "Ann" 123 + The "Little James" Comes to Port 125 + The New Meeting-House 125 + The Church Service 127 + The Tithingmen 129 + Master Winslow Brings Home Cows 130 + A Real Oven 131 + Butter and Cheese 132 + The Settlement at Wessagussett 133 + The Village of Merrymount 135 + The First School 136 + Too Much Smoke 138 + School Comforts 139 + How the Children Were Punished 140 + New Villages 142 + Clothing for the Salem Company 146 + Preparing Food For the Journey 147 + Before Sailing for Salem 148 + Beginning the Journey 150 + The Arrival at Salem 153 + Sight-Seeing in Salem 154 + Back to Plymouth 155 + + + + +MARY OF PLYMOUTH + + + + +WHY THIS STORY WAS WRITTEN + + +My name is Mary, and I am setting down all these things about our +people here in this new world, hoping some day to send to my dear +friend, Hannah, who lives in Scrooby, England, what may really come to +be a story, even though the writer of it is only sixteen years old, +having lived in Plymouth since the day our company landed from the +_Mayflower_ in 1620, more than eleven years ago. + + [Illustration] + +If Hannah ever really sees this as I have written it, she will, I know, +be amused; for it is set down on pieces of birch bark and some leaves +cut from the book of accounts which Edward Winslow brought with him +from the old home. + +Hannah will ask why I did not use fair, white paper, and, if I am +standing by when she does so, I shall tell her that fair, white paper +is far too precious in this new world of ours to be used for the +pleasure of children. + +In the last ship which came from England were large packages of white +paper for the settlers at Salem, who came over to this wild land eight +years after we landed, and when I asked my father to buy for me three +sheets that I might make a little book, he told me the price would +be more for the three sheets than he paid for the two deer skins with +which to make me a winter coat. + + [Illustration] + +Of course I put from my mind all hope of having paper to write on; but +these sheets of bark take very well the ink made from elderberries +which mother and I brewed the second winter after our new home was +built. The pen is a quill taken from the wing of a wild goose shot by +Captain Standish. + + + + +THE LEAKING "SPEEDWELL" + + +Hannah's father must have told her how much of trouble we had in +getting here, for when the first vessel in which we set sail, named +the _Speedwell_, put back to Plymouth in England because of leaking so +badly, her master could not have failed to tell the people of Scrooby +how all the hundred and two of us, men, women and children, were +crowded into the _Mayflower_. + + [Illustration] + +From the sixth day of September until the eleventh day of November, +which is over sixty long dreary days, we were on the ocean, and then +our vessel was come into what Captain John Smith had named Cape Cod +Bay. + +Mother believed, as did the other women, and even we children, that we +would go on shore as soon as the _Mayflower_ had come near to the land; +but before many hours were passed, after the anchor had been dropped +into the sea, even the youngest of us knew that it could not be. + +We were weary with having been on board the vessel so long, and had +made ourselves believe that as soon as we were arrived in the new +world, food in plenty, with good, comfortable homes, would be ours. + + [Illustration] + +Master Brewster, as well as the other men, said that houses must be +built before we could leave the ship, and it was only needed we should +go on deck and look about us, to know why this was so. Everywhere, +except on the water, were snow and trees. It was a real forest as far +as I could see in either direction, and everywhere the cold, white snow +was piled in drifts, or blowing like feathers when the wind was high. + +So deeply was the land covered that we, who watched the men when they +went ashore for the first time to seek out some place whereon to make +a village, thought that they had fallen into a hole while stepping off +the rocks, because we lost sight of them so soon. Instead of its being +an accident, however, we could see that they were floundering in the +snow, Master Bradford, whose legs are the shortest, being nearly lost +to view. + +We waited as patiently as possible for them to come back, though I +must confess that Sarah, a girl of about my own age who came aboard the +_Mayflower_ at Plymouth when we put back because of the _Speedwell's_ +leaking so badly, and I could not keep in check our eagerness to hear +from those people in Virginia, who it was said were living in comfort. + +Not for many days did we come to realize that the settlers in Virginia +were far, very far away from where we were to land, and to see them we +should be forced to take another long voyage in a ship. We had come +amidst the snow and the savage Indians, instead of among people from +England, as had been planned when we set out on the journey. + + + + +SEARCHING FOR A HOME + + +Father was wet, cold, weary, and almost discouraged when he came on +board the vessel after that first day on shore. The men had found no +place which looked as if it might be a good spot for our village. +Father said that he was not the only member of the company who had +begun to believe it would have been better had we stayed in Leyden, or +in any other place where we would have been allowed to worship God in +our own way, rather than thus have ventured into a wild forest where +were fierce animals, and, perhaps, yet more cruel savages. + +On that very night, soon after our fathers were on board again, a +great storm came up. The vessel tumbled about as if she had been on the +broad ocean, and when we heard the men throwing out more anchors, we +children were afraid and cried, for Sarah's father said he believed the +_Mayflower_ would be cast ashore and wrecked on the cruel rocks over +which the waves were dashing themselves into foam. + + [Illustration] + +Some of the women were frightened, although my mother was not of the +number, and it was only when Master Brewster came among us, praying +most fervently, and saying that God would watch over us even as He had +on the mighty ocean, that the cries and sobs of fear were checked. +Truly did I think, while Sarah and I hugged each other very hard so +that we might not be heard to cry, that this was a most wretched place +in which to make a new home, and how I wished we had never left Leyden, +or that we had gone back to Scrooby instead of coming here! + + + + +AFTER THE STORM + + +It was Saturday when our vessel first came to anchor, and the storm +held furious until Monday morning, when the snow was piled up higher +than before, and many of the smaller trees were hidden from sight; but +yet our fathers went on shore when the sun shone once more, while the +sailors made ready to launch the big boat which they call the shallop. +It had been tied down on the deck of the _Mayflower_, taking up so +much space that, because of her, we children could not move around +comfortably on deck even when the weather permitted. + +Some of the upper timbers had been broken by the waves during the +storms which came upon us while we were on the ocean, and it was said +that much in the way of mending must be done before she could be made +seaworthy. Therefore, owing to the need of room in which to work, +the sailors took her ashore where it could be done with somewhat of +comfort. + +You must know that a shallop is a large boat, much larger than the one +belonging to our ship, which is called a longboat. To my mind a shallop +is like unto a vessel such as the _Speedwell_, except that it is much +smaller, capable of holding no more than twenty-five or thirty people. +It has one mast, a sail, and oars, and, as father has told me, any one +might safely make a long voyage in such a craft. + + + + +WASH DAY + + +Captain Standish led the company of men, among which was my father, +into the forest to search for a place in which to make our new home, +and when we lost sight of them among the trees, it seemed as if we were +more alone than before. + + [Illustration] + +Sarah and I could not stay on deck to watch the men while they worked, +because the cold was too severe, therefore we went into the cabin +where were other children huddled around the stove, and there tried to +imagine what our homes would be like in such a desolate place. + +While the sailors worked on the shallop, many of the women went on +shore to wash clothes near the fire which had been built by the men, +and a most dismal time they had, as we children heard when they came +back at night. They were forced to melt snow in Master Brewster's +big iron pot, and when the hot water had been poured into the tub, it +speedily began to freeze. Mother said that the clothes were but little +improved by having been washed in such a manner. + +Next morning the cold was so bitter that the women and children did not +venture much out on the deck of the vessel, save when one or another +ran up to see if those who had set off to find a place for our new +home were returning. The sailors continued work on the shallop during +two days, and each time on coming back to the _Mayflower_ for food or +shelter, brought a load of wood in their boat so that we might have +fuel in plenty for our fires on the ship. + + + + +FINDING THE CORN + + +Not until Friday evening did our fathers come back; no one of all the +party of seventeen was missing, although it seemed to me they had been +in great danger. + +Before they had gone on their journey more than a mile from the +_Mayflower_, they saw five savages and a dog coming toward them, and +hastened forward to learn what they might about this new world. The +Indians ran among the trees as soon as they saw our people, and they +ran so swiftly it was impossible to overtake them. + + [Illustration] + +After making chase without coming upon the savages, Captain Standish +led the way along the shore until next day they came upon what looked +as if an Indian village had once been in that place, for the land +had been dug over much as though to raise crops, and there were what +appeared to be many graves. On opening one of these piles of sand, +there were found two baskets full of what one of the sailors said was +Indian corn; but another declared it was Turkish wheat, while Captain +Standish believed it should be called Guinny wheat. It had been left +near the graves, for these savages believe that even after people are +dead, they need food. + +Later, when we had become acquainted with Samoset and Squanto, we came +to know that on the spot which had been chosen for our home, there had +been a large Indian village. Four years before we of the _Mayflower_ +came, a terrible sickness had attacked the settlement of savages, and +more than two hundred died. Those who were alive and able to walk, +deserted the place to go many miles into the forest away from the sea, +and, except for the graves which our people found, every trace of the +town was wiped out, the savages believing that only by the destruction +of everything connected with the settlement, could the evil spirit of +the mysterious sickness be cast out. + +Our men were very glad to find this wheat, and as soon as they had +brought it aboard the vessel, the women set about boiling some, for +that seemed to be the only way in which it could be eaten, since it is +hard, almost like flint. Neither Sarah nor I, hungry though we were, +felt like eating what had been left for dead people; but we did taste +of it, and found it very good, even though it had not been cooked quite +enough. + +It was not long, however, before we found out how to prepare it, and +many a time since then has it saved us from starving, but of that I +will tell you later. + + + + +ATTACKED BY THE SAVAGES + + +On the sixth of December, the shallop having been made ready for sea, +the men started away to search once more for a place in which to build +homes, and on the very next day, while they were sleeping in the forest +in a hut that had been built of dead tree trunks and bushes, they were +set upon by savages, who shot arrows among them. + +There were thirty or forty of these savages, but as soon as our men +fired upon them, they speedily disappeared. Our men then picked up the +arrows, some of which were fashioned with heads of brass or eagles' +claws. + +No one was hurt by these weapons, although one of them passed through +father's coat, and many were found sticking in the logs. Then our +people gave solemn thanks to God because of having been saved from the +savage foe, and afterward gathered up many of the arrows to be sent +back to England, that our friends there might see what were the dangers +to be met with in the woods of this new world. + + [Illustration] + +Five long, dreary days went by before the company came back once more, +and then we were made happy by being told that a place for our village +had been found. It was a long distance from where the _Mayflower_ lay +at anchor; and on the next morning another great storm came up, which +forced us to stay on board the vessel until the fifteenth of December, +when we set sail, and Sarah and I hugged each other fervently, for at +last did it appear as if we could begin to make our homes. + +Even then we were forced to stay in the _Mayflower_ yet longer, for +after we were come into the bay where it had been said we should live, +the men spent a long while choosing a place in which to build the +houses. + + + + +BUILDING HOUSES + + +It was agreed to build first one large house of logs, where we could +all live until each man had chosen a place for himself, and both Sarah +and I were on shore, standing almost knee-deep in the snow on that +twenty-fifth of December, as we watched the men hew down trees, trim +off the branches, and dig in the frozen ground to set up the first +dwelling in this strange land. + + [Illustration] + +The first thing done was to build a high platform, where the cannon +that had been brought from England could be placed, so that the savages +might be beaten off if they came to do us harm, and then the big house +was begun. + +Of course we women and children were forced to go back on board the +vessel while the work was being done, and very slowly was it carried +on, because of the cold's being so great, and the storms so many, that +our people could not work out of doors long at a time. + +Our village was begun in the midst of the forest not very far from the +seashore, where had been huts built by the savages; and because of the +Indians having chosen that place in which to live, our people believed +it would be well for them to make there the town which was to be called +Plymouth, since it was from Plymouth in England that we had started on +the voyage which ended in this wild place. + +When mother asked father why the men did not search longer, instead of +fixing upon a spot to which the savages might come back at any moment, +he told her that much time must be spent in building houses, and not an +hour should be wasted. They ought to get on shore as soon as possible +in order to begin hunting, for the food we had on the _Mayflower_ +was by this time so poor that neither Sarah nor I could swallow the +smallest mouthful with any pleasure. + +Sarah and I were eager to be living on dry land once more, where we +could move about as we pleased; for, large though the _Mayflower_ had +seemed to us when we first went on board, there was little room for all +our company, and very many were grown so sick that they could not get +out on deck even when the sun shone warm and bright. + +There were nineteen plots for houses laid out in all, because of the +company's being divided into nineteen families. The plots were on two +sides of a way running along by a little brook, where, so I heard my +father say, one could get sweet fresh water to drink. It was decided +that each man should build his own house. + +The plot of land where father was to build our house was quite near the +bay, but yet so far in among the trees as to be shaded from the sun in +the summer, while Master Carver, who was chosen to be our governor, was +to build his only a short distance away. + + + + +MILES STANDISH + + +You must know that Captain Standish is not of the same faith as are +we. He calls himself a "soldier of fortune," which means that he is +ready to do battle wherever it seems as if he could strike a blow for +the right. He, and his wife Rose, became friendly with us while we were +at Leyden, for he was, although an Englishman, a captain in one of the +Holland regiments, having enlisted in order to help the Dutch in their +wars. + +Because of liking a life of adventure, and also owing to the fact +that he and his wife had become warm friends with Elder Brewster and +my parents, Captain Standish declared that he would be our soldier, +standing ever ready to guard us against the wild beasts, or the +savages, if any should come to do us harm. Right gallantly has he kept +his promise, and unless he had been with us this village of ours might +have been destroyed more than once, and, perhaps, those of our people +whose lives God had spared would have gone back to Holland or England, +ceasing to strive for a foothold in this new world which is so desolate +when covered with snow and ice. + +A most kindly-hearted man is Captain Standish, and yet there are times +when he has but slight control over his temper. Like a flash of powder +when a spark falls upon it, he flares up with many a harsh word, and +woe betide those against whom he has just cause for anger. + + [Illustration: Swords of Captain Standish] + + [Illustration] + +After coming to know him for one who strove not to control his tongue +in moments of wrath, the Indians gave him the name of "Little pot that +soon boils over," which means that his anger can be aroused quickly. He +is not small, neither is he as tall as my father or Elder Brewster; but +the savages spoke of him as "little," measuring him, I suppose, with +many others of our people. + +We had not been long in Plymouth, however, before the Indians +understood what a valiant soldier he is, and then they began to call +him "Strong Sword." + + + + +THE SICK PEOPLE + + +It was yet very cold while our fathers were putting up the houses, +and the sickness increased, so that at one time before the women and +children could go on shore, nearly one half of our company were unable +to sit up. All the while the food was very bad, save when more baskets +of Indian corn were found. + +One evening, when father had come on board the vessel after working +very hard on our house, I heard him say to mother that we must try +to be cheerful, praying to God that the sickness which was upon our +people so sorely would pass us by until we could build the home, plant +a garden, and raise food from the earth. + +Sarah and I often asked each other when we were alone, whether the good +Lord, whom we strove to serve diligently, would allow us to starve to +death in this strange land where we had hoped to be so very near Him; +for, indeed, as the days passed and the food we had brought with us +from England became more nearly unfit to eat, it was as if death stood +close at hand. + + + + +THE NEW HOME + + + [Illustration] + +It seemed like a very long while before the houses were ready so that +we who were well could go on shore to live. I must tell you what our +home is like. In Scrooby, when one builds a house, he has the trees +sawed into timbers and boards at a mill; but in this new land we had no +mills. When a man in England wants to make a chimney, he buys bricks +and mortar; but here, as father said, we had plenty of clay and lime, +yet could not put them to proper use until tools were brought across +the sea with which to work such material into needed form. + +There was plenty of granite and other rock out of which to make cellars +and walls; but no one could cut it, and even though it was already +shaped, we had no horses with which to haul it. Think for a moment what +it must mean not to have cows, sheep, oxen, horses or chickens, and we +had none of these for three or four years. + +My father built the house we are now living in, almost alone, having +but little help from the other men when he had to raise the heavy +timbers. First, after clearing away the snow, he dug a hole in the +frozen ground, two or three feet deep, making it of the same shape as +he had planned the house. Then, having cut down trees for timbers, he +stood them upright all around the inside of this hole, leaving here a +place for a door, and there another for a window, until the sides and +ends of the building were made. + +On the inside he filled the hole again with the earth he had taken out +at the beginning, pounding it down solid to form a floor, and at the +same time to help make the logs more secure in an upright position. +Where the floor of earth does not hold the timbers firmly enough, what +are called puncheons are fastened to the outside just beneath the roof. + +Puncheons are logs that have been split and trimmed with axes until +they are something like planks, and you will see very many in our +village of Plymouth. Hard work it is indeed to make these puncheon +planks; but they were needed to fasten crosswise on the sides and ends +of our house, in order to hold the logs more firmly in place. + +Across the top of the house, slanting them so much that the water would +run off, father placed a layer of logs to make the roof. + + [Illustration] + +Three puncheons were put across the inside of the roof, being fastened +with pegs of wood, for the few nails we have among us are of too much +value to be used in house building. + +That the roof might prevent the water from running into the house, +father stripped bark from hemlock trees, and placed it over the logs +two or three layers deep, fastening the whole down with poles cut from +young trees. + + + + +MASTER WHITE AND THE WOLF + + +Of course, when this home was first built, there were many cracks +between the logs on the sides and ends; but these mother and I stuffed +full of moss and clay, while father was cutting wood for the fire, +until the wind no longer finds free entrance, and we are not like to be +in the same plight as was Master White, less than two months after we +came ashore to live. + + [Illustration] + +He would not spend the time to fill up the cracks, as we had done, and +one night while he lay in bed, a hungry wolf thrust his paw through and +scratched the poor man's head so severely that the blood ran freely. +Sarah thinks he must have awakened very quickly just then. + + + + +THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE + + +We have a partition inside our house, thus dividing the lower part +into two rooms. It is made of clay, with which has been mixed beach +grass. Mother and I made a white liquid of powdered clam shells and +water, with which we painted it until one would think it the same kind +of wall you have in Scrooby. With pieces of logs we children helped to +pound the earth inside until the floor was smooth and firm; but father +promised that at some later time we should have a floor of puncheons, +as indeed we have now, and very nice and comfortable it is. + + [Illustration] + +I wish you might see it after mother and I have covered it well with +clean white sand from the seashore, and marked it in pretty patterns of +vines and leaves: but this last we do only when making the house ready +for meeting, or for some great feast. + +At the windows are shutters made of puncheons, as is also the door, and +both are hung with straps of leather in the stead of real hinges. + +Perhaps you may think that with only a puncheon shutter at the window, +we must perforce sit in darkness when it storms, or in cold weather +admit too much frost in order to have light. But let me tell you that +our windows are closed quite as well as yours, though not so nicely. +We brought from home some stout paper, and this, plentifully oiled, +we nailed across the window space. Of course we cannot look out to see +anything; but the light finds its way through readily. + + + + +A CHIMNEY WITHOUT BRICKS + + +I had almost forgotten to tell you how father built a chimney without +either bricks or mortar, for of course we had none of those things when +we first made our village. + + [Illustration] + +Our chimney is of logs plastered plentifully with clay, and fastened +to the outside of the building, with a hole cut through the side of the +house that the fireplace may be joined to it. + +The fireplace itself is built of clay, made into walls as one would +lay up bricks, and held firmly together by being mixed with dried beach +grass. + +It looks somewhat like a large, square box, open in front, and with +sides and ends at least two feet thick. It is so large that Sarah and I +might stand inside, if so be the heat from the fire was not too great, +and look straight out through it at the sky. + +Father drags in, as if he were a horse, logs which are much larger +around than is my body, and mother, or one of the neighbors, helps him +roll them into the big fireplace where, once aflame, they burn from one +morning until another. + + + + +BUILDING THE FIRE + + +The greatest trouble we have, or did have during our first winter +here, was in holding the fire, for the wood, having just been cut in +the forest, is green, and the fire very like to desert it unless we +keep close watch. Neither mother nor I can strike a spark with flint +and steel as ably as can many women in the village; therefore, when, +as happened four or five times, we lost our fire, one of us took a +strip of green bark, or a shovel, and borrowed from whosoever of our +neighbors had the brightest blaze, enough of coals to set our own +hearth warm again. + + [Illustration] + +Some of the housewives who are more skilled in the use of firearms than +my mother or myself, kindle a blaze by flashing a little powder in the +pan of a gun, allowing the flame to strike upon the tinder, and thus be +carried to shavings of dry wood. It is a speedy way of getting fire; +but one needs to be well used to the method, else the fingers or the +face will get more of heat than does the tinder. Father cautions us +against such practice, declaring that he will not allow his weapons to +remain unloaded simply for kitchen use, when at any moment the need may +arise for a ready bullet. + +But we have in Plymouth one chimney of which even you in Scrooby might +be proud. + + + + +MASTER BRADFORD'S CHIMNEY + + +Master Bradford built what is a perfect luxury of a chimney, which +shows what a man can do who has genius, and my mother says he showed +great skill in thus building. If you please, his chimney is of stone, +even though we have no means of cutting rock, such as is known at +Scrooby. He sought here and there for flat stones, laying them one +upon another with a plentiful mixture of clay, until he built a chimney +which cannot be injured by fire, and yet is even larger than ours. + +Its heart is so big that I am told Master Bradford himself can climb +up through it without difficulty, and at the bottom, or, rather, where +the fireplace ends and the chimney begins, is a shelf on either side, +across which is laid a bar of green wood lest it burn too quickly; on +this the pot-hooks and pot-claws may be hung by chains. + + [Illustration] + +It would seem as if all this had made Master Bradford over vain, for +because the wooden bar, which he calls a backbar, has been burned +through twice, thereby spoiling the dinner, he has sent to England for +an iron one, and when it comes his family may be proud indeed, for only +think how easily one can cook when there are so many conveniences! + +We are forced to put our pots and pans directly on the coals, and +it burns one's hands terribly at times, if the fire is too bright. +Besides, the cinders fall on the bread of meal, which causes much delay +in the eating, because so much time is necessary in scraping them off, +and even at the best, I often get more of ashes than is pleasant to the +taste. + + [Illustration: Skillets from the "Mayflower"] + +Bread of any kind is such a rarity with us that we can ill afford to +have it spoiled by ashes. During the first two years we had only the +meal from Indian corn with which to make it; but when we were able to +raise rye, it was mixed with the other, and we had a most wholesome +bread, even though it was exceeding dark in color. + + + + +SCARCITY OF FOOD + + +In Scrooby one thinks that he must have bread of some kind for +breakfast; but we here in Plymouth have instead of wheaten loaves, +pudding made of ground Indian corn, sometimes sweetened, but more often +only salted, and with it alone we satisfy our hunger during at least +two out of the three meals. I can remember of two seasons when all the +food we had for more than three months, was this same hasty pudding, as +we soon learned to call it. + +That first winter we spent here was so dreadful and so long that I do +not like even to think of it. Nearly all the food we had brought from +England was spoiled before we came ashore. + +There were many times when Sarah and I were so hungry that we cried, +with our arms around each other's neck, as if being so close together +would still the terrible feeling in our stomachs. + + [Illustration] + +All the men who were able to walk went hunting; but at one time, before +the warm weather came again, only five men were well enough to tramp +through the forest, and these five had, in addition, to chop wood for +the whole village. + +Mother and the other women who were not on beds of sickness, went from +house to house, doing what they might for those who were ill, while we +children were sent to pick up dead branches for the fires, because at +times the men were not able to cut wood enough for the needs of all. + +Then so many died! Each day we were told that this neighbor or that had +been called to Heaven. I have heard father often say since then, that +the hardest of the work during those dreadful days, was to dig graves +while the earth was frozen so solidly. + +Think! Fifty out of our little company of one hundred and two, Captain +Standish's wife among the others, were called by God, and as each went +out into the other world, we who were left on earth felt more and more +keenly our helplessness and desolation. + + + + +A TIMELY GIFT + + +It was fortunate indeed for us that Captain Standish was among those +able to labor for others, else had we come much nearer dying by +starvation. A famous hunter is the captain, and one day, when I was +searching for leaves of the checkerberry plant under the snow, mother +having said the chewing of them might save me from feeling so hungry, +Captain Standish dropped a huge wild turkey in front of me. + +It seemed like a gift from God, and although it was very heavy, I +dragged it home, forgetting everything except that at last we should +have something to eat. + +Many days afterward I heard that the captain went supperless to bed +that day, and when I charged him with having given to me what he needed +for himself, he laughed heartily, as if it were a rare joke, saying +that old soldiers like himself had long since learned how to buckle +their belts more tightly, thus causing it to seem as if their stomachs +were full. + + [Illustration] + +A firm friend is Captain Standish, and God was good in that he was sent +with us on the _Mayflower_. + +It was when our troubles were heaviest, that Sarah came to my home +because her mother was taken sick, and Mistress Bradford, who went +there to do what she might as nurse, told Sarah to stay in some other +house for a time. + + + + +THE FIRST SAVAGE VISITOR + + +We two were standing just outside the door of my home, breaking twigs +to be used for brightening the fire in the morning, when suddenly a +real savage, the first I had ever seen, dressed in skins, with many +feathers on his head, came into the village crying: + +"Welcome English!" + +Women and children, all who were able to do so, ran out to see him, +the first visitor we had had in Plymouth. His skin was very much darker +than ours, being almost brown, and, save for the color, one might have +believed him to be a native of Scrooby dressed in outlandish fashion to +take part in some revel. + + [Illustration] + +Father was the more surprised because of hearing him speak in our +language, than because of his odd dress; but we afterward learned that +he had met, two or three years before, some English fishermen, and they +had taught him a few words. + +Very friendly he was, so much so that when he put his hand on my head +I was not afraid, and I myself heard him talking with Master Brewster, +during which conversation he spoke a great many Indian words, and some +in English that I could understand. + +His name was Samoset, and after he had looked around the village, +seeming to be surprised at the manner in which our houses of logs +were built, he went away, much to my disappointment, for I had hoped, +without any reason for so doing, that he might give me a feather from +the splendid headdress he wore. + +As I heard afterward, he promised to come back again, and when, six +days later, he did so, there was with him another Indian, one who could +talk almost the same as do our people. His was a strange story, or so +it seemed to me, so strange and cruel that I wondered how he could be +friendly with us, as he appeared to be, because of having suffered so +much at the hands of people whose skins were white. + +Squanto had been a member of the same tribe that owned the land where +our village of Plymouth was built, and his real name, so Governor +Bradford says, is Squantum. + + + + +SQUANTO'S STORY + + +Seven years before the _Mayflower_ came, he had been stolen by one +Captain Hunt, who had visited these shores on a fishing voyage, and +by him was sent to Spain and sold as a slave. There a good Englishman +saw him and bought him of his master. He was taken to London, where +he worked as a servant until an exploring party, sent out by Sir +Ferdinando Gorges, was about to set sail for this country, when he was +given passage. + +While he had been in slavery, the dreadful sickness broke out, which +killed or drove away all his people; therefore, when the poor fellow +came back, he found none to welcome him. + +How it was I cannot say, but in some way he wandered about until coming +among the tribe of Indians called the Wampanoags, where he lived until +Samoset happened to come across him. + +As soon as he knew that we of Plymouth were English people, he had a +desire to be friendly, because of what the good Englishman had done for +him. + +I have heard father say many times that but for Squanto, perhaps all +of us might have died during that terrible winter when the good Lord +took fifty of our company, which numbered, when we left England, but an +hundred and two. + + + + +LIVING IN THE WILDERNESS + + +You must know that in this land everything is different from what you +see in England. Of course the trees are the same; but oh, so many of +them! We are living now, even after our homes have been made, in the +very midst of the wilderness, and in that winter time when Squanto and +Samoset came to us, bringing the corn we needed so sorely, we were much +like prisoners, for the snow was piled everywhere in great drifts. + + [Illustration] + +The trees, growing thickly over the ground, save where they had been +cut down to build our homes and to provide us with wood for the fires, +prevented all, except such of the men as were well enough to go out +with their guns in the hope of shooting animals that could be eaten as +food, from going abroad, save from one house to the other. + +And little heart had we for leaving the shelter of our homes. In nearly +every house throughout the village was there sickness or death; the +cold was piercing, and, however industriously we had worked filling +the cracks between the logs with clay, the wind came through in many +places, so that for the greater part of the time we needed to hug +closely to the fire lest we freeze to death. + +There were days when it seemed indeed as if the Lord had forgotten us; +when, with the hunger, and the cold, and the sickness on every hand, it +was as if we had been abandoned by our Maker. + + + + +THE FRIENDLY INDIANS + + +With the coming of Samoset and Squanto, however, although the illness +was not abated, and one after another of our company died, it seemed, +perhaps only to us children, as if things were changed. These Indians +were the only two persons in all the great land who were willing to +take us by the hand and do whatsoever they might to cheer, and because +of this show of kindness did we feel the happier. + +Squanto, as father has said again and again, did very much to aid. +First he showed our people how to fish, and this may seem strange to +you, for the English had used hooks and lines many years before the New +World was dreamed of; yet, it is true that the savages could succeed, +even without proper tackle, better than did our people. + +Squanto showed father how, by treading on the banks of the brooks, to +force out the eels which had buried themselves in the mud during the +cold weather, and then taught him how to catch them with his hands, so +that many a day, when there was nothing whatsoever in our home to eat, +we hunted for eels, boiling rather than frying them, because the little +store of pork was no longer fit to cook with. + + [Illustration] + +Another thing which Squanto did that was wondrously helpful, was to +teach us how to grind this Indian corn, Guinny wheat, or Turkie wheat, +which ever it should be called, for none of us seemed to know which was +the right name for it. The wheat that we found among the Indian graves +could be made ready for the table, as we believed, only by boiling it a +full day, and then it was not pleasing to the taste. But when Squanto +came, he explained that it should be pounded until it was like unto +a coarse flour, when it might be made into a pudding that, eaten with +salt, is almost delicious. + + + + +GRINDING THE CORN + + +When I heard him telling father that it must be ground, I said to +myself that we were not like to know how it might taste, for there +is not a single mill in this land; but Squanto first cut a large tree +down, leaving the stump a full yard in height. Then, by building a fire +on the stump, scraping away with a sharp rock the wood as fast as it +was charred, he made a hollow like unto a hole, and so deep that one +might put in half a bushel of this Turkie wheat. + + [Illustration] + +From another portion of the tree he shaped a block of wood to fit +exactly the hole in the stump, and this he fastened to the top of a +young, slender tree, when even we children knew that he had made a +mortar and pestle, although an exceeding rude one. + +We had only to pull down the heavy block with all our strength upon +the corn, thus bruising and crushing it, when the natural spring of the +young tree would pull it up again. In this way did we grind our Guinny +wheat until it was powdered so fine that it might be cooked in a few +moments. + + + + +A VISIT FROM MASSASOIT + + +One day Samoset, Squanto, and three other savages came into our +new village of Plymouth, walking very straight and putting on such +appearance of importance that I followed them as they went to the very +center of the settlement, for it seemed to me that something strange +was about to happen, as indeed proved to be the case. + + [Illustration] + +The Indians had come to tell our governor that their king, or chief, +was in the forest close by, having in mind to visit the Englishmen, and +asked if he should enter the village. + +I was so busy looking at the feathers and skins which these messengers +wore that I did not hear what reply Captain Standish made, for he it +was who had been called upon by Governor Carver to make answer; but +presently a great throng of savages, near sixty I was told, could be +seen through the trees as they marched straight toward us. + +Then my heart really stood still, as I saw Master Winslow walking +out to meet them, with a pot of strong water in his hand; but Captain +Standish said I need not be afraid, as he was only going to greet the +chief of the Indians, carrying the strong water, three knives, a copper +chain, an earring, and somewhat in the way of food. + +It seemed like woeful waste to give that which was of so much value to +a savage, but Captain Standish said it would be well if we could gain +the favor of this powerful Indian even at the expense of all the most +precious of our belongings. + +A brave show did the savages make as they came into the village, +marching one after the other! The feathers were of every color, and +in such quantity it seemed as if all the birds in the world could not +yield so many, even though every one was plucked naked. And the furs! +The chief, whose name is Massasoit, wore over his shoulders a mantle +so long that it dragged on the snow behind him, and he had belts and +chains of what looked to be beads; but Captain Standish told me it was +what the Indians called wampum, and served them in the place of money. + + [Illustration] + +Governor Carver stood at the door of Elder Brewster's house, which as +yet had no roof, and beckoned for the chief and those who followed him, +to enter. Inside were Mistress Carver's rug and mother's two cushions, +which had been laid on the ground for the savage to sit on, and greatly +did I fear that all those precious things would be spoiled before the +visit was come to an end. + +I cannot tell you what was said or done, for neither Sarah nor I could +get inside Master Brewster's house, so crowded was it with the men of +our village and with savages. More than half of those who had come with +the chief were forced to remain outside, because of there not being +space for all within the walls. Sarah and I had our fill of looking at +them; but never one gave the slightest attention to us. It seemed much +as if they believed their station was so high that it would be beneath +their dignity to speak with children. + + + + +MASSASOIT'S PROMISE + + +The savages and our people were long in the half-built house, and both +Sarah and I wondered what could be going on to take up so much time, +more especially since we knew that, of the Indians, only Samoset and +Squanto could speak in English. Later we came to understand that this +chief, Massasoit, was making a bargain with the men of Plymouth. + +My father called it a treaty, which, so mother explained to me, is the +same as an agreement between two nations. + +Massasoit, being the ruler over all the Indians nearby our village, +promised that neither he nor any of his tribe should do any manner of +harm to us of Plymouth; but if any wicked ones did work mischief, they +should be sent to our governor to be punished. + +He promised also that if anything was stolen by his people from us, he +would make sure it was sent back, and if, which is by no means likely, +any of us living in Plymouth took from the Indians aught of their +property, our governor should send it straightway to the savages. + + [Illustration] + +Massasoit said that if any Indians came to fight or kill our people, +he would send some of his men to help us, and if any tried to hurt his +people, our fathers must take sides with him. Both Sarah and I think +this is wrong, for why should Englishmen fight for the savages? + +It seems to me much as if the white men should not agree to go to war +with any except those who try to kill us; but father said it was no +more than a fair trade. + +All this was agreed to while Elder Brewster's house was so full of +visitors and our people, that they must have been packed together like +herring in a box, and when the bargain, or treaty, had been made, all +the savages, except Samoset and Squanto, marched away. + +Soon after Massasoit had gone, his brother, Quadequina, and several +more Indians appeared, and we entertained them also. + +It was much like a feast day, to have so many people in this new +village of ours that all the space beneath the trees seemed to be +crowded, and we felt quite lonely when our fathers took up once more +the work of building houses. + + + + +MASSASOIT'S VISIT RETURNED + + +Next day Captain Standish and Master Allerton went to call upon +Massasoit, and I was so frightened that I trembled when they marched +away, for it seemed to me as if some harm would be done them in the +savage village. + + [Illustration] + +They came back at nightfall, none the worse for having been so +venturesome, and what do you think they brought as a present from the +chief? A few handfuls of nuts such as grow in the ground, and many +leaves of a plant called tobacco, which these savages burn in a queer +little stone vessel at the end of a long, hollow reed, by putting the +reed in their mouths, and sucking the smoke through to keep the herb +alight. + +This ended our round of pleasure, the first we had had for many a long +day, and once more we trembled before the sickness which was destroying +so many of our people. + + + + +THE BIG HOUSE BURNED + + +It was yet winter when we met with a sad loss, for the Common House, +as we called it, when speaking of that first building which was put up +that all of us might have a shelter on shore while the dwellings were +being built, took fire, and much of it was burned. Father believes +that the logs in the fireplace had been piled too high, because of the +weather's being so very cold, and thus the flames came directly upon +the chimney and the backbar, kindling all into a blaze. + +It was most mournful to see next morning, the blackened, smoldering +logs of our first house which had served as a shelter less than one +month, and mother says it was a warning to us that even our own homes +are in danger of being speedily destroyed, unless the chimneys can be +so built as to resist fire. + + + + +THE "MAYFLOWER" LEAVES PORT + + +All was excitement in this little village when our people began to make +ready for sending the _Mayflower_ home. She had been lying at anchor +close by the shore, giving shelter to them as were yet without homes, +and affording a timely place of refuge when the Common House was partly +burned; but our fathers had decided that she could no longer be kept +idle. It was much like breaking the last ties which bound us to the old +homes in England, when the time had been set for her to go back. + + [Illustration] + +Sarah and I could have no part in making the _Mayflower_ ready for +sailing, since we were only two girls who were of no service or aid; +but we watched the sailors as they came and went from the shore, +wishing, oh so fervently! that we and those we loved might remain in +the vessel which had brought us so safely across the wide ocean. + +During such time as we were forced to remain on board of her because +of having no other place of shelter, she seemed all too small for our +comfort, and we rejoiced at being able to leave her; but when it was +known that she was going back to our old homes, where were all our +friends, save those who had come to this new world with us, it was much +like starting anew. + +Sarah and I stood with our arms around each other as she sailed out of +the harbor, while all the people were gathered on the shore to wish her +a safe voyage, and I know that my cheeks were wet with tears as I saw +her disappearing in the east, leaving us behind. + +That night father prayed most fervently for all on board, that they +might have a safe and speedy passage, and it was to me as if I had +parted at the mouth of the grave with some one who was very dear to me. + +Then were we indeed alone amid the huge trees, surrounded by wild +beasts and savage Indians, and the sickness was yet so great among us, +that I wondered if God had really forgotten that we had come to this +new world in order to worship him as we had been commanded? + + + + +SETTING THE TABLE + + +I often ask myself what you of Scrooby would say could you see us at +dinner. We have no table, and boards are very scarce and high in price +here in this new village of ours, therefore father saved carefully the +top of one of our packing boxes, while nearly all in the settlement did +much the same, and these we call table boards. + + [Illustration: A Wooden Trencher Bowl] + +When it is time to serve the meal, mother and I lay this board across +two short logs; but we cover it with the linen brought from the old +home, and none in the plantation, not even the governor himself, has +better, as you well know. + +I would we had more dishes; but they are costly, as even you at home +know. Yet our table looks very inviting when it is spread for a feast, +say at such times as Elder Brewster comes. + + [Illustration: Vessels of Gourds] + +We have three trencher bowls, and another larger one in which all the +food is placed. Then, in addition to the wooden cups we brought from +home, are many vessels of gourds that we have raised in the garden, and +father has fashioned a mold for making spoons, so that now our pewter +ware, when grown old with service, can be melted down into spoons until +we have a goodly abundance of them. + + [Illustration] + +It is said, although I have not myself seen it, that a table implement +called a fork, is in the possession of Master Brewster, having been +brought over from England. It is of iron, having two sharp points made +to hold the food. + +I cannot understand why any should need such a tool while they have +their own cleanly fingers, and napkins of linen on which to wipe them. +Perhaps Master Brewster was right when he said that we who are come +into this new world for the single reason of worshiping God as we +please, are too much bound up in the vanities of life, and father says +he knows of no more vain thing than an iron tool with which to hold +one's food. + +I have seen at Master Bradford's home two bottles made of glass, and +they are exceedingly beautiful; but so frail that I should scarce dare +wash them, for it would be a great disaster to break so valuable a +vessel. + + + + +WHAT AND HOW WE EAT + + +And now, perhaps, you ask what we have to eat when the table is spread? +Well, first, there is a pudding of Indian corn, or Turkie wheat, and +this we have in the morning, at noon, and at night, save when there may +be a scarcity of corn. For meats, now that our people are acquainted +with the paths through the woods, we have in season plenty of deer +meat, or the flesh of bears and of wild fowl, such as turkeys, ducks, +and pigeons. Of course there are lobsters in abundance, and only those +less thrifty people who do not put by store sufficient for the morrow, +live on such food as that. + +Every Saturday we have a feast of codfish, whether alone or if there +be company, and Elder Brewster has already spoken to us in meeting +upon the vanity of believing it is necessary that we garnish our table +with no less a fish than cod on Saturdays, saying it is a sign that our +hearts are not yet sufficiently humble. + + [Illustration] + +My father is over careful of me, Mistress White claims, because he +allows that I be seated at the table with himself and my mother when +they eat, instead of being obliged to stand, as do other children in +the village when their elders are at meals. Poor Mistress White fears +that I am pampered because of being an only child; but for my own part +I cannot see how I do less reverence to my parents by sitting when +eating, than by standing throughout a long feast when one's legs grow +weary, as did mine the last time we were invited to dine with Elder +Brewster. + +Of course we have no chairs; but the short lengths of tree trunks which +father has cut to serve as stools are most comfortable, even though it +be impossible to do other than sit upright on them, and very often, +if one grows forgetful, as did Captain Standish at Master Brewster's +home a short time ago, there is danger of losing the stool. Our mighty +soldier being thus careless, tumbled backward, so surprised that he +forgot to let go his trencher bowl, thereby plentifully besmearing +himself with hot hasty pudding that he had been served with in great +abundance. + + [Illustration] + + + + +TABLE RULES + + +Mother has written down some rules for me at table, so that I may do +credit to my bringing up when at the house of a friend, and these I am +copying for you, to the end that it shall be seen I am not so pampered +by being allowed to sit while eating, as to forget what belongs to good +breeding: + +"Never sit down at the table till asked, and after the blessing. + +"Ask for nothing; tarry till it be offered thee. Speak not. + +"Bite not thy bread, but break it. + +"Take salt only with a clean knife. Dip not the meat in the same. + +"Hold not thy knife upright, but sloping, and lay it down at the right +hand of the plate with blade on plate. + +"Look not earnestly at any other that is eating. + +"When moderately satisfied, leave the table. + +"Sing not, hum not, wriggle not." + +You may see that if I follow these rules carefully, I shall not bring +shame upon my mother. It is only when the large wooden bowl, which is +called the voider, is placed on the table that I am most awkward, and +mother insisted on my learning this poem, which contains many wholesome +rules for behavior: + + "When the meat is taken quite away, + And voiders in your presence laid, + Put you your trencher in the same + And all the crumbs which you have made. + Take you with your napkin and knife, + The crumbs that are before thee; + In the voider a napkin leave, + For it is a courtesy." + + + + +WHEN THE PILGRIM GOES ABROAD + + +If there be a desire to travel, we must either walk, or sail in boats, +and one may not go far on foot in either direction along the coast, +without coming upon streams or brooks over which has been felled a tree +to serve as bridge. Now father thinks a bridge of that kind is all +that may be necessary, because of his footing being so sure; but you +know that women are more timid, and it is difficult to walk above the +rushing streams on so slight a support as a round log. + + [Illustration] + +Because of having made our plantation near to a deserted Indian +village, there were paths through the woods in every direction, and +these we used whenever making an excursion in search of bayberry plums, +or herbs of any kind. + +The Indians, after Squanto had made us friendly with the great chief +Massasoit, were ready to sell us boats, and queer sorts of ships would +they seem in your eyes. One kind is made of the bark taken from the +birch tree in great sheets, sewn together with sinews of deer, and +besmeared with fat from the pitch pine. + + [Illustration] + +I have seen one that would carry with safety four people, so light that +I myself could lift it, but no man may use one of these bark vessels +without first having been taught how to sail it, for they are so like +a feather on the water that the slightest movement oversets them. + +For my part, I feel more secure in what our people call a dugout, which +is made with much labor by the Indians, and is, as Captain Standish +says in truth, "a most unwieldy ship." + + + + +MAKING A DUGOUT + + +The Indians hew down a huge pine tree, and when I say it is done +without the use of axes, then you will wonder how the timber can be +felled. Well, when one of the savages desires to build him a boat, he +selects the tree from which it is to be made, and builds a little fire +around the trunk close to the ground. As fast as the flames char the +wood, he scrapes it away with a sharp rock, or a thick seashell, and +thus keeps scraping the burning wood until the tree falls. + + [Illustration] + +Then he cuts off ten or twelve feet in length by burning and scraping +exactly as before, and this is the length of the boat he would build; +but it is simply a solid log. Now he sets about building a fire along +the top, charring the wood and scraping it away until, after what +must surely be a wonderful amount of labor, he has hollowed out that +huge log into a shell. The bark is then stripped from the outside, and +the ends fashioned by burning until they are smooth, and the ship is +completed. + + + + +GOVERNOR CARVER'S DEATH + + +It was in April, when, because the weather had grown so warm it seemed +much as if we had been restored to the favor of God, that a great +calamity came upon us of Plymouth, and my father says it is impossible +for us to understand how sore a stroke it was to our people who count +on making a home in this new world. + +Governor Carver had hoped to make such a garden as should be a model +for all in the village, and to that end he worked exceedingly hard, +so father says. He was planting and hoeing from early light until it +was no longer possible to see what he was about because of the coming +of night. Already many of the plants, concerning which Samoset and +Squanto had told us, were showing through the ground, until, as Captain +Standish said, "all the others should take pattern by him that we might +not taste again of the bitterness of famine." + +The day had been very warm, and the governor was working exceeding +hard, when suddenly he complained of a pain in his head. He strove in +vain to continue the labor; but Mistress Carver insisted that he come +into the house and lie down on a bear skin, which Captain Standish had +made into a bed-cover, and this he did. + +Master Bradford and my father were summoned in the hope that it might +be possible to give him some relief; but they could do no more than +pray for his recovery, and even while they were pleading most fervently +with God, the poor man lost all knowledge of himself, nor did he speak +again. + +During three days every one prayed; no trees were hewn lest the noise +disturb him, and all the women in the village gathered in or around the +house that they might be ready in case their services were needed. It +was as if we were having three Sabbaths at once. Then he died, without +having come to know that he was ill, and we were more heartsick and +lonely even than when the _Mayflower_ sailed away. + +It seemed to me as if then was the time, when our hearts were so sore, +that our people ought to have poured out their souls in prayer over the +lifeless body of him who had been so good a friend to us all; but that +was forbidden. Therefore Governor Carver was laid in the grave without +a word or sound, other than the sobs of the women and children, who +mourned so sorely. + +Those who had muskets discharged them as a parting salute to him who +had been our governor, and we walked sorrowfully and in silence away, +little dreaming that within three short weeks Mistress Carver would be +buried near her husband's last resting place in this world. + + + + +WILLIAM BRADFORD CHOSEN GOVERNOR + + +Two days after we had said farewell to Master Carver, Master William +Bradford was chosen governor; but because he was yet stricken with the +sickness, Master Isaac Allerton was named as his assistant. + +I have no doubt that Hannah will be surprised at knowing that "little +Willie Bradford," as I have heard the old women call him, has become +our governor. When a boy, he lived in Scrooby, and came, rather from +curiosity than a desire for the truth, among our people, who were +called Separatists, or Non-Conformists, because they would not conform, +or agree, to King James' orders regarding their religion. + +William Bradford came to believe, after attending the meetings in Elder +Brewster's house, that ours was the true religion, and when our people +made up their minds to go into Holland where they might be allowed +to worship God as they chose, Master Bradford went with them. There +he learned the trade of a weaver of cloth; but later he apprenticed +himself to a printer. + +Now he is become the foremost man of all our company, because of being +the governor, and of a truth has he been a very present help to us in +our time of trouble. + + + + +FARMING IN PLYMOUTH + + +I wish you might have seen how different to that which is the custom in +Scrooby, was our farming done on the first season after we came ashore +from the _Mayflower_. Because of having no working cattle with which to +plough, the men were forced to dig up the ground with spades, and weary +labor it was. Those of our people who were well enough to remain in +the field, planted nearly twenty-six acres, six of which were sown with +barley and peas, while the remainder was given over to Indian corn. + +Squanto showed us how this last should be done, and, strange as it may +seem to you in England, he used fish with which to enrich the land, +putting three small ones in each hill. + +You must know that all of us children, and the women, work at the +planting of this corn, for it is the only kind of food to be had which +can be kept throughout the year without danger of being spoiled, and +when one grows weary with the task, it is only needed to bring to mind +our hunger when we first came ashore. + + [Illustration] + +Perhaps you may wonder where we got so much of the corn for seed. It +has all come from the Indians in one way or another. Some of it Squanto +brought from Massasoit's people; but a goodly portion has been found on +the graves, of which there are very many near our village. + +As to planting barley and peas, Squanto knew nothing; therefore the +work was done somewhat as it would have been done at home, except +that the land was encumbered with rocks and trees, and we were much +perplexed by lack of tools. + +The seed was finally put into the ground, but even when the task +had been performed to the best of our ability, it was an odd looking +farm to those who had seen the fair fields of England. Large rocks +stood here and there, while many stumps of trees yet remained, for +our fathers had not been able to clear the land entirely. We shall +have much work at harvest, in gathering the crops from amid all these +unsightly things. + + + + +WAYS OF COOKING INDIAN CORN + + +I must tell you of a way to cook this Indian corn which Squanto showed +to Captain Standish, and now we have it in all the houses, when we are +so fortunate as to have a supply of the wheat in our possession. + +It is poured into the hot ashes of the fireplace, and allowed to remain +there until every single wheat kernel has been roasted brown. Then it +is sifted out of the ashes, beaten into a powder like meal, and mixed +with snow in the winter, or water in the summer. Three spoonfuls a +day is enough for a man who is on the march, or at work, so Captain +Standish says, and we children are given only two thirds as much. + +Mother says it is especially of value because little labor is needed to +prepare it; but neither Sarah nor I take kindly to the powder. + +The Indians also steep the corn in hot water twelve hours before +pounding it into a kind of coarse meal, when they make it into a +pudding much as you would in Scrooby; but mother likes not the taste +after it has been thus cooked before being pounded, thinking much of +the fine flavor has been taken from it. + +Sometimes we make a sweet pudding by mixing it with molasses and +boiling it in a bag. It will keep thus for many days, and I once heard +Captain Standish say that there were as many sweet puddings made in +Plymouth every day as there were housewives. + +Next fall we shall have bread made of barley and Indian corn meal, +so father says, and I am hoping most fervently that he may not be +mistaken, for both Sarah and I are heartily tired of nookick, and of +sweet pudding, which is not very sweet because we have need to guard +carefully our small store of molasses. + +We girls often promise ourselves a great feast when a vessel comes out +from England bringing butter, for we have had none that could be eaten +since the first two weeks of the voyage in the _Mayflower_. + + [Illustration] + +Squanto often tells us of a kind of vegetable, or fruit, I am not +certain which, that grows in this country, and is called a pumpkin. +It must be very fine, if one may judge by his praise of it, and we +are looking forward to the time when it shall be possible to know for +ourselves. + + + + +THE WEDDING + + +And now I am to tell you of a marriage in Plymouth which deeply +concerned Sarah and me. You may be certain that we made great account +of it, although Master Bradford warned us against setting our hearts on +the wicked customs of England. + +I had hoped Elder Brewster would marry the couple, for Sarah and I were +deeply interested in them, having seen much of the love-making while we +were on board the _Mayflower_. + + [Illustration] + +If the bride and groom had been in England, it would have been a time +of feasting; but our people here shun such show, therefore did we lose +much of merrymaking. + +Although the bride and groom went to Elder Brewster's house, which has +served us as a place for religious meetings, it was Governor Bradford +who listened to their vows and declared them to be man and wife, and in +less than half an hour the newly-made husband was working in the field, +while the wife was making sugar. + + + + +MAKING MAPLE SUGAR + + +Yes, we have sugar in plenty now, and, strange as it may seem, it comes +from the trees. It was Squanto, that true friend of ours, who showed +us how to take it from the maples, of which there are scores and scores +growing everywhere around us. + + [Illustration] + +To get it one has only to make a hole in a maple tree, and put therein +a small wooden spigot shaped like a spout, and straight-way, when the +first warm weather comes in the spring, the sap of the tree, mounting +from the roots to the branches, will run out of the hole through the +spout into whatsoever vessels we place beneath. + +After that we boil it in kettles until it becomes thick like molasses, +or yet more, until it is real sugar, after having been poured in pans +of birch-bark to cool. It has a certain flavor such as is not to be +found in the sugar of England; but answers our purpose so well that +it can be used to sweeten the meal made from the corn, or eaten as a +dainty. + + + + +DECORATING THE INSIDE OF THE HOUSE + + +You must know that our house is not now as rough on the inside as it +would appear from what I first wrote. Father has saved the skins of all +the animals he has caught, and prepared them in the same way as do the +Indians, which makes the fleshy side look like fine leather. These we +have hung on the walls, and they not only serve to keep out the wind, +but are really beautiful. With the rough logs and the chinking of clay +hidden from view, it is easy to fancy that ours is a real house, such +as would be found in England. + +We have many fox skins, for father has shot large numbers of foxes, and +in what seems to me a curious fashion. He saves all the fishes' heads +that can be come at, and on moonlight nights throws them among the +trees, where the foxes, getting the scent, give him a fair opportunity +for shooting. + +Once he killed four in less than two hours, and we have hung them in +that corner of the kitchen which we call mother's. Thus it is that she +can sit leaning her shoulders against the warm fur, through which the +wind cannot come. + +There is no need for me to tell you that we have more wolf skins than +any other kind, for our people find it necessary to kill such animals +in order to save their own lives. One night before all the snow had +melted from the ground, Degory Priest was coming through the forest +after attending to his traps, and was followed by five hungry wolves, +who kept close at his heels, and would have eaten the poor man but for +his industry in swinging a long pole that he carried to help himself +across the streams. + + [Illustration] + +Fortunately for Degory Priest, Captain Standish heard his outcries +while he was yet a long distance from the village, and went out with +three armed men to give him aid. + + + + +TRAPPING WOLVES AND BAGGING PIGEONS + + +Our fathers dig deep pits, which are covered with light brushwood, in +such portions of the forest as the wolves are most plenty, and many a +one has fallen therein, being held prisoner until some of the people +can kill him by means of axes fastened to long poles. Father has built +many traps of logs; but I cannot describe how because of never having +seen one. + + [Illustration: Wolf Head Decoration on the Meeting-House] + +Thomas Williams killed seven wolves in four days by tying four or +five mackerel hooks together, covering them with fat, and leaving them +exposed where the ravening creatures could get at them. + +Twice before the snow was melted, the men of the village had what they +called a "wolf-drive," when all made a ring around a certain portion +of the forest where the animals lurked, and, by walking toward a given +center, drove the creatures together where they could be shot or killed +with axes. + +Sarah and I do not dare venture very far from the village because +of the ferocious animals, and if the time ever comes when we are no +longer in deadly fear of being carried away and eaten by the dreadful +creatures, this new world of ours will seem more like a real home. + +I wish it might be possible for you to see the flocks and flocks of +pigeons which come here when the weather grows warm. It is as if they +shut out the light of the sun, so great are the numbers, and father +says that again and again do they break down the branches of the trees, +when so many try to roost in one place. Any person who so chooses may +go out in the night after the pigeons have gone to sleep, and gather as +many bags full as he can carry, so stupid are the birds in the dark, +and even when they are not the most plentiful, we can buy them at the +rate of one penny for twelve. + + + + +ELDER BREWSTER + + +I must tell you that there is being made a stout fort where we can all +go in case any wicked savages should come against us, and when that has +been finished, we shall have a real meeting-house, for one is to be put +up inside the walls. + +Mother says she is certain Mistress Brewster will be relieved, for now +we meet each Sabbath Day at her home. It must be a real hardship for +her when Elder Brewster preaches an unusually long sermon, for many +a time have the pine knots been lighted before he had come to an end, +and, of course, the evening meal could not be cooked until we who had +come to meeting had gone to our homes. + +Father has told me that Elder Brewster was a postmaster of Scrooby when +he first knew him; that his belief in our faith was so strong as to +make him one of the Non-Conformists, and so earnestly did he strive to +perform whatsoever he believed the Lord had for him to do, that his was +the house in Scrooby where our people listened to the expounding of the +word of God. + +When he, with the others of our friends, went to Leyden, Master +Brewster was chosen as assistant to our preacher Robinson, and was made +an elder. + +It is not seemly that a child so young as I should speak even in praise +of what my elders have done; but surely a girl can realize when a man +is watchful for the comfort of others, heeding not his own troubles or +pains, so that those around him may be soothed, and, next to Captain +Standish, Elder Brewster was the one to whom we children could go for +advice or assistance. + +When the sickness was upon us, he, hardly able to be out of his bed, +ministered in turn to those who were dying, and to us who were nigh to +starvation, in as kindly, fatherly a manner as when he had sufficient +of the goods of this world to make himself comfortable both in body and +mind. + + + + +THE VISIT TO MASSASOIT + + +That which gave mother and me a great fright was Governor Bradford's +command that Edward Winslow and Master Hopkins visit the village of +the Indian chief, Massasoit, in order to carry as presents from our +settlement of Plymouth a suit of English clothing, a horseman's coat of +red cotton, and three pewter dishes. + + [Illustration] + +It seemed to my mother and me as though it was much like going to +certain death; but Squanto, who was to act as guide, claimed that no +harm could come to them. I trust not these savages, who look so cruel, +and cried heartily when our people set out; but God allowed them to +return in safety, although they were not overly well pleased with the +visit. + +Massasoit treated them in the most friendly manner, and seemed to +be well pleased with the gifts; but he set before them only the very +smallest quantity of parched corn, no more than two spoonfuls to each +one, and failed to offer anything else when that had been eaten. + +Except that they were hungry during all the five days of the stay, the +savages treated them kindly, and my father believes that we need have +no fear this tribe will do us any harm; but there are other Indians in +the land who may be tempted to work mischief. + + + + +KEEPING THE SABBATH HOLY + + + [Illustration] + +As soon as the fields had been planted, it was decided that six men of +the company should spend all their time at fishing, to the end that we +might lay up a store of sea food for the coming winter; therefore they +go out in the shallop every day, except the Sabbath, which begins at +three o'clock on Saturday afternoon. At that time we children gather +in one house or another, but mostly at Elder Brewster's, where we study +the Bible, or listen to lectures by Governor Bradford. + +We are not allowed to walk around the village after the Bible lessons +are finished, but must run directly home, and remain there until we go +to meeting in Elder Brewster's house next morning. + +Captain Standish says he does not favor such long Sabbaths, while we +have so much work on hand; but he is not listened to on such matters, +for his duty in the village is only that of a military leader. + + + + +MAKING CLAPBOARDS + + +It is true indeed that there is very much work to be done. First comes +the planting and tending of the crops. Then there is the fishing and +the hunting that we may have meat. Lastly is the making of clapboards, +which task was begun soon after the seed had been put in the ground, +for Governor Bradford believed we should make enough with which to load +the first vessel that came to us from England. + +It was all we could do, just then, in the way of getting together that +which might be sold to the people in the old country, and father said +the men of Plymouth must be earning money in some other way than by +trying to gather furs, for already were the animals growing more timid +and scarce. + +It is not easy work, this clapboard-making, and I cannot wonder that +the men complain at being forced to continue it day after day. First +an oak tree is cut by saws into the length necessary for clapboards, +which, so father tells me, should be about four feet long. Then a tool +called a "frow" is used to split the trunk of the tree into slabs, or +clapboards, making them thin at one edge and half an inch or more thick +at the other. + + [Illustration] + +This "frow" is shaped something like a butcher's cleaver, and a wooden +mallet is used to drive it into the log until the splint is forced off. + +Our people made many clapboards during the time between planting and +harvest, so that we had enormous stacks under the trees ready to put on +board the first vessel that should sail for England. + + + + +COOKING PUMPKINS + + +When the first pumpkins were ripe, Squanto showed us how to cook them, +and most of us find the fruit an agreeable change from sweet puddings, +parched corn, and fish. + +This is the way that Squanto cooked pumpkins. First he was careful to +find one that was wholly ripe. In the top of the yellow globe he cut a +small hole through which it was possible for him to take out the seeds, +of which there are many. Then the whole pumpkin was put into the iron +oven and baked until the pulp on the inside was soft, after which the +shell could be broken open, and the meat of the fruit eaten with the +sugar which we get from the trees. + +Mistress Bradford invented the plan of mixing the baked pumpkin pulp +with meal of the Indian corn, and made of the whole a queer looking +bread, which some like exceeding well, but father says he is forced to +shut his eyes while eating it. + + + + +A NEW OVEN + + +Perhaps I have not told you how we happen to have an oven, when there +is only the big fireplace in which to cook our food. Mistress White and +Mistress Tilley each brought from Leyden, in Holland, what some people +call "roasting kitchens," and you can think of nothing more convenient. +The oven or kitchen is made of thin iron like unto a box, the front of +which is open, and the back rounded as is a log. It is near to a yard +long, and stands so high as to take all the heat from the fire which +would otherwise be thrown out into the room. + + [Illustration] + +In this oven we put our bread, pumpkins, or meat and set it in front of, +and close against, a roaring fire. The back, or rounded part is then +heaped high with hot ashes or live embers, and that which is inside +must of a necessity be cooked. At the very top of the oven is a small +door, which can be opened for the cook to look inside, and one may see +just how the food is getting on, without disturbing the embers that +have been heaped against the outer portion. + +We often borrow of Mistress Tilley her oven, and father has promised to +send by the first ship that comes to this harbor, for one that shall be +our very own. When it arrives, I am certain mother will be very glad, +for there is no kitchen article which can save so much labor for the +housewife. + + + + +MAKING SPOONS AND DISHES + + +I wish you might see how greatly I added to our store of spoons during +the first summer we were here in Plymouth. Sarah and I gathered from +the shore clam shells that had been washed clean and white by the sea, +and Squanto cut many smooth sticks, with a cleft in one end so that +they might be pushed firmly on the shell, thus making a most beautiful +spoon. + + [Illustration] + +Sarah says that they are most to her liking, because it is not +necessary to spend very much time each week polishing them, as we are +forced to do with the pewter spoons. + +Some day, after we own cows, we can use the large, flat clam shells +with which to skim milk, and when we make our own butter and cheese, we +shall be rich indeed. + + [Illustration] + +After the pumpkins ripened, and when the gourds in the Indian village +were hardened, we added to our store of bowls and cups until the +kitchen was much the same as littered with them, and all formed of the +pumpkin and gourd shells. + +Out of the gourd shells we made what were really most serviceable +dippers, and even bottles, while in the pumpkin shell dishes we kept +much of our supply of Indian corn. + + [Illustration] + +Captain Standish gave me two of the most beautiful turkey wings, to +be used as brushes; but they are so fine that mother has them hung on +the wall as ornaments, and we sweep the hearth with smaller and less +perfect wings from the birds or turkeys father has brought home. + +This no doubt seems to you of Scrooby a queer way of keeping house. + + + + +THE FORT AND MEETING-HOUSE + + +That which Captain Standish calls a fort is very much like our homes, +or the Common House, except that it is larger, and has small, square +openings high up on the walls to serve both as windows and places +through which our people can shoot at an enemy, if any come against us. + + +Surely there are none in this new world who should wish us harm, and +yet my father says that we have need to guard ourselves carefully, +because Squanto and Samoset have both insisted that a tribe of savages +who call themselves Narragansetts, and who live quite a long distance +away, may seek to drive us from the land. + +This fort, the logs of which are sunken so deeply into the earth that +they cannot easily be overthrown, has been built on the highest land +within the settlement, and extending from it in such a manner as to +make it a corner of the enclosure, is a fence of logs, which Captain +Standish calls a palisade, built to form a square. The fence is made +like the sides of our houses; but the logs rise higher above the +surface than the head of the tallest man. + +There are two gates in the palisade, one on the side nearest the fort, +with the other directly opposite, and these can be fastened with heavy +logs on the inside. All the people have been told that at the first +signal of danger, they must flee without loss of time inside the fence +of logs, after which the gates will be barred, and no person may go on +the outside without permission from Captain Standish. + +The six cannon, which I told you had been mounted on a platform when +we first began to build the houses, have been taken to the top of the +fort, and from there, so Captain Standish says, we can hold in check +a regular army of Indians; but God forbid that anything of the kind +should be necessary after we have come to this new world desiring +peace, and with honest intentions toward all men. + + [Illustration] + +Because it is not reasonable to suppose that any human being could wish +to work us harm, Sarah and I look upon that which is called a fort, +rather as a meeting-house than a place of defence, and such it really +looks to be, for the floor is covered with seats made of puncheon +planks placed on short lengths of logs, while at one end is a desk for +the preacher built in much the same fashion as are the seats. + +Here, also, so Governor Bradford has promised, we children shall have a +school as soon as a teacher can be persuaded to come over from England. +As it is now, our parents teach us at home, and father believes I can +even now write as well as if I had been all this while at school in +Scrooby. With both a meeting-house and a school, it will seem as if we +had indeed built a town in this vast wilderness. + + + + +THE HARVEST FESTIVAL + + +You shall now hear about our harvest festival, which Governor Bradford +declared should be called a day of thanksgiving because the Lord had +been good to us in permitting of our getting from the earth, the sea, +and the forest, such a supply of food as gave us to believe that never +more would famine visit Plymouth. + +True it is the crop of peas had failed, but the barley, so father said, +was fairly good, while the Indian corn grew in abundance. Our people +had taken a great many fish, and the hunters found in the forest a +goodly supply of birds and animals. Already were there seven houses +built, without counting the Common House that had been repaired soon +after it was injured by fire, and the fort with its palisade. + +As soon as the harvest was over, the Governor sent four men out after +such fowls and animals as might be taken, and in two days they killed +as many as would serve to provide all the people of Plymouth with meat +for at least a full week. + + [Illustration] + +There were wild ducks in greatest number, together with turkeys, +and small birds like unto pheasants. No less than twenty deer were +killed, and it was well we provided such a bountiful supply for the +thanksgiving festival, because on the day before the one appointed, +Massasoit, with ninety of his men, came to Plymouth, bringing as gifts +five deer, and it seemed as if the Indians did nothing more than eat +continuously. + +Instead of giving thanks on one particular day, as Governor Bradford +had ordered, three days were spent in such festivities as we had not +seen since leaving our homes in England. + +The deer and the big turkeys were roasted over fires built in the open +air, and we had corn and barley bread, baked pumpkins, clams, lobsters, +and fish until one was wearied by the sight of so much food. + +Nor was eating the only amusement during this thanksgiving time, for we +played at games much as we would have done in Scrooby. + +There was running, jumping, and leaping by the men, stoolball for the +boys, and a wolf hunt for those soldiers under Captain Standish who +were not content with small sports. + + + + +HOW TO PLAY STOOLBALL + + +I know not if my friend Hannah has seen the game of stoolball as it +is played in our village of Plymouth, because those among us who take +part in it use no sticks nor bats, but strike the ball only with their +hands. Of course we have no real stools here as yet, because of the +labor necessary to make them, when a block of wood serves equally well +on which to sit; but the lads who play the game take a short piece of +puncheon board, and, boring three holes in it, put therein sticks to +serve as legs. + +These they place upon the ground behind them, and he who throws the +ball strives to hit the stool rather than the player, who is allowed +only to use his hands in warding it off. Whosesoever stool has been hit +must himself take the ball, throwing it, and continuing at such service +until he succeeds in striking another's stool. + + [Illustration] + +Sarah and I had believed that at this festival time, we would gather +in the new meeting-house to praise the Lord for his wondrous goodness; +but Master Bradford believed it would not be seemly to mix religious +services with worldly sports, therefore it was not until the next +Sabbath Day that we heard lessons of the Bible explained from that +reading desk built of puncheons and short lengths of tree trunks. + +Perhaps it was because Governor Bradford allowed the men and boys +to play at games during the time of thanksgiving, that they came to +believe such sports would be permitted on Christmas, even though the +elders of our colony had decided no attention should be paid to the day +because of its being a Pagan festivity. + + + + +ON CHRISTMAS DAY + + +On the morning of the first Christmas after our houses had been built, +many of the men and boys, when called upon to go out to work for the +common good, as had been the custom every week day during the year, +declared that they did not believe it right to labor at the time +when it was said Christ had been born. Whereupon Governor Bradford, +after telling them plainly that he believed laziness rather than any +religious promptings of the spirit inclined them to remain idle on +that day, said he would leave them alone until they were come to have +a better understanding of the matter. + +Then he, with those who were ready to obey the rules, went to their +work; but on coming back at noon, he found those who did not believe it +seemly to labor on Christmas day, at play in the street, some throwing +bars, and others at stoolball. Without delay the governor seized the +balls and the bars, carrying them into the fort, at the same time +declaring that it was against his conscience for some to play while +others worked. This, as you may suppose, brought the merrymaking to an +end. + +For my part I enjoyed the Christmas festivities as we held them at +Scrooby, and cannot understand why, simply because certain heathen +people turned the day into a time for play and rejoicing, we should not +make merry after the custom of those in England. + + + + +WHEN THE "FORTUNE" ARRIVED + + +I hardly know how to set about telling you of that time when the +first ship came into our harbor. It was not long after the day of +thanksgiving when, early one morning, even before any of our people had +begun work, some person cried out that a vessel was in sight. + + [Illustration] + +It had been nearly a year since we landed on the shores of the new +world, and in all that time we had seen no white people outside of +our own company. Therefore you can fancy how excited we all were. Even +Governor Bradford himself found it difficult to walk slowly down to the +shore, while Sarah and I ran with frantic haste, as if fearing we might +not be able to traverse the short distance before the vessel was come +to anchor and her crew landed. + +If I should try to tell you how we felt on seeing this first vessel +that had visited Plymouth, believing she had on board some of our +friends who had been left behind when the _Mayflower_ sailed, it would +hardly be possible for me to write of anything else, so long would +be the story. Therefore it is that I shall not try to describe how +we stood at the water's edge, every man, woman and child in Plymouth, +wrapped in furs until we must have looked like so many wild animals, +for the day was exceeding cold and windy, watching every movement made +by those on board the vessel until a boat, well laden with men and +women, put off from her side. + +Then we shouted boisterously, for it was well nigh impossible to remain +silent, and those who recognized familiar faces among the occupants +of the shallop screamed a welcome to the new world, and to our town of +Plymouth, until they were hoarse from shouting. + +The ship which had come was the _Fortune_, and she brought to us +thirty-six of those who had been left behind at Leyden. During fully +two days we of Plymouth did little more than give our entire attention +to these welcome visitors, hearing from them news of those of our +friends who were yet in Holland, and telling again and again the story +of the sickness and the famine with which we had become acquainted soon +after landing from the _Mayflower_. + + + + +POSSIBILITY OF ANOTHER FAMINE + + +When we were settled down, as one might say, and our visitors were at +work building homes for themselves, I heard father and Master Brewster +talking one evening about the addition to our number, and was surprised +at learning, that while they rejoiced equally with us children at the +coming of our friends, what might be in store for us in the future +troubled them greatly. + +The _Fortune_ had brought from England no more in the way of food +than would suffice to feed the passengers during the voyage across the +ocean, and the crew on her return. Therefore had we thirty-six mouths +to feed during the long winter, more than had been reckoned on when we +held our festival of thanksgiving. + +Until overhearing this conversation, I had not given a thought to +anything save the pleasure which would be ours in having so many more +friends around us; but now, because Master Brewster and my father +talked in so serious a strain, did I begin to understand that we might, +before another summer had come, suffer for food even as we had during +the winter just passed. + +And it was because of our people being so disturbed regarding the store +of provisions, that the ship did not remain in the harbor as long as +would have pleased us. Governor Bradford told the captain that he must +set sail while there was yet food enough in the ship to feed his crew +during the voyage home, since we of Plymouth could not give him any. + + [Illustration] + +The _Fortune_, however, did not go back empty. She was loaded full with +the clapboards which our people had made during the summer, and, in +addition, were two hogsheads filled with beaver and otter skins, the +whole of the freight amounting in value, so I heard Captain Standish +say, to not less than five hundred pounds sterling. + +We were saddened when the ship left the harbor; but not so much as +on the day the _Mayflower_ sailed away, for, having sent back in the +_Fortune_ goods of value, there was fair promise she would speedily +return for more. + + + + +ON SHORT ALLOWANCE + + +When the _Fortune_ had gone, the men of our settlement took an exact +account of all the provisions in the common store, as well as of those +belonging to the different families, and the whole was divided in just +proportion among us every one. + +Then it was learned that we had no more in Plymouth to eat than would +provide for our wants during six months, and since in that time there +would not be another harvest, it was decided by the governor and the +chief men of the village, that each person should be given a certain +amount less than the appetite craved; short allowance, Captain Standish +called it. + +Sarah and I were faint at heart on learning of this decision, for it +seemed as if during this winter we were to live again in the misery +such as we had known the past season of cold and frost, when we hunted +the leaves of the checkerberry plant, and chewed the gum which gathers +in little bunches on the spruce trees, to satisfy our hunger. + +Those who had come over in the _Fortune_ to join us were, as can well +be understood, grieved because of their putting us to such straits; +it was a matter which could not be helped, and we of the _Mayflower_ +strove earnestly not to speak of the possible distress which might be +ours, lest our friends so lately come might think we were reproaching +them. + + + + +A THREATENING MESSAGE + + +It was not many days after we had learned that we might be hungry +before another harvest should come, when a savage, whom we had never +before seen, came to Plymouth, asking for our chief. On being conducted +to Governor Bradford, he delivered unto him a bundle of arrows which +were tied together with a great snake skin. + + [Illustration] + +It so happened that Squanto was in the village, and, on being sent +for, he explained to our people that the sending of the arrows tied +in the snake skin was a threat, which meant that speedily those from +whom it had come would make an attack upon us. He also declared that +the messenger was from the nation of the Narragansetts, of whom I have +already told you. + +The governor consulted with the chief men of Plymouth as to what +should be done, with the result that Squanto was instructed to tell +the Narragansett messenger that if his people had rather have war than +peace, they might begin as soon as pleased them, for we of Plymouth +had done the Narragansetts no wrong, neither did we fear any tribe of +savages. Then the snake skin was filled with bullets, as token that +the Indians would not find us unprepared when they made an attack, and +given to the messenger that he might carry it back to those who had +sent him. + +That night, when mother mourned because it seemed certain war would +soon be made upon us, father spoke lightly of the matter, as if it were +something of no great importance. However, both Sarah and I took notice +that from the hour the Narragansett messenger left Plymouth carrying +the snake skin filled with bullets, there were two men stationed on +top of the fort night and day, and a certain store of provisions taken +inside, as if the food might be used there rather than in our homes. + +We knew nothing whatsoever about warfare, girls as we were, but yet +had common sense enough to understand from such preparations, that our +fathers were holding themselves ready, and expecting that an attack +would be made by the savages within a very short time. + + + + +PINE KNOTS AND CANDLES + + +Perhaps you would like to know how we light our homes in the evening, +since we have no tallow, for of course people who own neither hogs, +sheep, cows nor oxen, do not have that which is needed for candles. + + [Illustration] + +Well, first, we find our candles among the trees, and of a truth the +forest is of such extent that it would seem as if all the world might +get an ample store of material to make light. We use knots from the +pitch pine trees, or wood from the same tree split into thin sheets +or slices; but the greatest trouble is that the wood is filled with +a substance, which we at first thought was pitch, that boils out by +reason of the heat of the flame, and drops on whatever may be beneath. + +Captain Standish has lately discovered, and truly he is a wonderful +man for finding out hidden things, that the substance from the candle +wood, as we call the pitch pine, is turpentine or tar, and now, if +you please, our people are preparing these things to be sent back to +England for sale, with the hope that we shall thereby get sufficient +money with which to purchase the animals we need so sorely. + +I would not have you understand that there are no real candles here in +Plymouth, for when the _Fortune_ came, her captain had a certain number +of tallow candles which he sold; but they are such luxuries as can be +afforded only on great occasions. Mother has even at this day, wrapped +carefully in moss, two of them, for which father paid eight pence +apiece, and she blamed him greatly for having spent so much money, at +the same time declaring that they should not be used except upon some +great event, such as when the evening meeting is held at our house. + + + + +TALLOW FROM BUSHES + + +Squanto has shown us how we may get, at only the price of so much +labor, that which looks very like tallow, and of which mother has made +many well-shaped candles. + +You must know that in this country there grows a bush which some call +the tallow shrub; others claim it should be named the candleberry tree, +while Captain Standish insists it is the bayberry bush. + +This plant bears berries somewhat red, and speckled with white, as if +you had thrown powdered clam shells on them. + + [Illustration] + +I gathered near to twelve quarts last week, and mother put them in a +large pot filled with water, which she stands over the fire, for as yet +we cannot boast of an iron backbar to the fire-place, on which heavy +kettles may be hung with safety. + +After these berries have been cooked a certain time, that which looks +like fat is stewed out of them, and floats on the top of the water. + +Mother skims it off into one of the four earthen vessels we brought +with us from Scrooby, and when cold, it looks very much like tallow, +save that it is of a greenish color. After being made into candles and +burned, it gives off an odor which to some is unpleasant; but I think +it very sweet to the nostrils. + + + + +WICKS FOR THE CANDLES + + +I suppose you are wondering how it is we get the wicks for the candles, +save at the expense and trouble of bringing them from England. Well, +you must know that there is a plant which grows here plentifully, +called milkweed. It has a silken down like unto silver in color, and we +children gather it in the late summer. + + [Illustration] + +It is spun coarsely into wicks, and some of the more careful housewives +dip them into saltpetre to insure better burning. Do you remember that +poem of Master Tusser's which we learned at Scrooby? + + Wife, make thine own candle, + Spare penny to handle. + Provide for thy tallow ere the frost cometh in, + And make thine own candle ere winter begin. + +When candle-making time comes, I wish there were other children in this +household besides me, for the work is hard and disagreeable, to say +nothing of being very greasy, and I would gladly share it with sisters +or brothers. + +Mother's candle-rods are small willow shoots, and because of not having +kitchen furniture in plenty, she hangs the half-dipped wicks across +that famous wooden tub which we brought with us in the _Mayflower_. + + + + +DIPPING THE CANDLES + + +It is my task to hang six or eight of the milkweed wicks on the rod, +taking good care that they shall be straight, which is not easy +to accomplish, for silvery and soft though the down is when first +gathered, it twists harshly, and of course, as everyone knows, there +can be no bends or kinks in a properly made candle. + +Mother dips perhaps eight of these wicks at a time into a pot of +bayberry wax, and after they have been so treated six or eight times, +they are of sufficient size, for our vegetable tallow sticks in greater +mass than does that which comes from an animal. + +A famous candle-maker is my mother, and I have known her to make as +many as one hundred and fifty in a single day. + + [Illustration] + +The candle box which your uncle gave us is of great convenience, for +since it has on the inside a hollow for each candle, there is little +danger that any will be broken, and, besides, we may put therein the +half-burned candles, for we cannot afford to waste even the tiniest +scraps of tallow. + +Captain Standish has in his home candles made from bear's grease, and +as wicks, dry marsh grass braided. + +When the second winter had begun, and the snow lay deep all around, +save where our people had dug streets and paths, Sarah and I were +forced, as a matter of course, to remain a goodly portion of the time +within our homes. Those of the men who were not needed to hew huge +trees into lengths convenient for burning, were hunting and setting +traps, in the hope of adding to the store of provisions which was so +scanty after it had been divided among those who came in the _Fortune_, +and Sarah and I had little else to do than recall to mind that which +had happened during the summer, when all the country was good to look +upon instead of being imprisoned by the frost. + + + + +WHEN JAMES RUNS AWAY + + +We went back to the time when James Billington, son of John, caused us +all such a fright by his wayward behavior. + +Because James was not a favorite with any of us girls, being prone +to tease us at every opportunity, and spending more of his time in +mischief than in work, I must be careful how I speak of the lad, lest +I fall into that sin which Elder Brewster warns us to guard against: +allowing one's feelings to control the tongue, thereby speaking more +harshly against another than is warranted by the facts. + + [Illustration] + +I must, however, set it down that James was not a favorite with any +save his parents; but seemed ever watching for an opportunity to make +trouble for others, and just before the harvest time did he succeed in +throwing the entire village into a state of confusion and anxiety. + +On a certain afternoon, I cannot rightly recall the exact time, it was +noted by Sarah and myself, that, contrary to his usual custom, James +had not prowled around where we children were at work in the fields +with the intent to perplex or annoy us, and we spoke of the fact as if +it was an unusually pleasant incident, little dreaming of the trouble +which was to follow. + +That night, while father was reading from the Book, and explaining to +us the more difficult passages, the mother of James came to our home, +asking if we had seen her son. + +Even then but little heed was given to the fact that the boy had not +returned for his share of the scanty supper; but mayhap an hour later +every one in the settlement was summoned by the beating of the drum, +and then did we learn that James Billington had disappeared. + +The first thought was that some of the evil-disposed savages had +carried him away, and, acting upon the governor's orders, Captain +Standish set off with eight men to hunt for the missing lad. + +I have never heard all the story of the search; but know that they +visited more than one of the Indian villages, and perhaps would not +have succeeded in their purpose but that Squanto was found at Nauset, +and, aided by some of his savage friends, he speedily got on the track +of the missing boy. + +Captain Standish and his men were absent three days before they came +back, bringing James Billington, and when his mother took him in +her arms, rejoicing over his return as if he had really escaped some +dreadful danger, Governor Bradford commanded that she and her husband +give to James such a whipping as would prevent anything of the kind +from happening again, for, as it appeared, the boy had willfully run +away, counting, as he said, to turn Indian because of savages' not +being obliged to work in the fields. + + + + +EVIL-MINDED INDIANS + + +It was during this summer that we had good cause for alarm. Word was +brought by Samoset that a large party of Massasoit's people, being +angry because of his having showed us white folks favor, were bent on +attacking him and us, with the intent to destroy entirely our town of +Plymouth. + + [Illustration] + +Captain Standish marched forth once more, this time with twelve men +at his heels, and I heard John Alden tell my father that the brave +soldier went directly to the village of those who would have murdered +us, where, without the shedding of blood, they took from all the +evil-minded Indians their weapons. + +It seems more like some wild fancy than the sober truth, to say that +twelve men could, without striking a blow in anger, overcome no less +than sixty wild savages, and yet such was the case, for John Alden is +known to be a truthful man, and Captain Standish one who is not given +to boasting. + +The long dreary winter passed slowly, and during a goodly number of +days we of Plymouth were hungry, although having sufficient of food to +keep us from actual starvation. Yet never once did I hear any repining +because of our having been brought to such straits through the neglect +of those who came in the _Fortune_, and who should have provided +themselves with food sufficient for their wants until another harvest +time had come. + + + + +LONG HOURS OF PREACHING + + +We went more often to the meeting-house in the fort than would have +been the case, perhaps, had our bodily comfort been greater, and Elder +Brewster preached to us more fervently than mayhap he might have done +but for the gnawing of hunger in his stomach. + +Every Sabbath Day from nine o'clock in the morning until noon, and +after that, from noon to dark, did we sing, or pray, or listen to +the elder's words of truth, all the while being hungry, and a goodly +portion of the time cold unto the verge of freezing. + +My mother claimed that there was no reason why we should not have a +fireplace in the meeting-house, even though none but the children might +be allowed to approach it; but Elder Brewster insisted that to think +of bodily suffering while engaged in the worship of God, was much the +same as a sin, and it seemed to Sarah and me as if his preaching was +prolonged when the cold was most intense. + +Again and again have I sat on the puncheon benches, my feet numbed +with the frost, my teeth chattering until it was necessary to thrust +the corner of mother's mantle into my mouth to prevent unseemly noise, +almost envying Master Hopkins when he walked from his bench to the +pulpit in order to turn the hourglass for the second or third time, +because of his thus having a chance for exercising his limbs. + +You must know that, having no clocks, the time in the meeting-house is +marked by an hourglass, and it is the duty of one of the leading men +of the settlement to turn it when the sand runs out. Therefore, when +Master Hopkins has turned it the second time, thus showing that the +third hour of the sermon has begun, I am so worldly-minded and so cold +as to rejoice, because of knowing that Elder Brewster, save on especial +days, seldom preaches more than the three hours. + + + + +JOHN ALDEN'S TUBS + + +It was during this winter that John Alden, who is a cooper as well as +Captain Standish's clerk, spent three days in our home, making for +mother two tubs which are fair to look upon, and of such size that +we are no longer troubled on washdays by being forced to throw away +the soapy water in order to rinse the clothes which have already been +cleansed. You may think it strange to hear me speak thus of the waste +of soapy water, because you in Scrooby have of soap an abundance, while +here in this new land we are put to great stress through lack of it. + + [Illustration] + +It would not be so ill if all the housewives would make a generous +quantity, but there are some among us who are not so industrious as +others, and dislike the labor of making soap. They fail to provide +sufficient for themselves, but depend upon borrowing; thus spending the +stores of those who have looked ahead for the needs of the future. + +Well, as I have said, the winter passed, and we were come to the second +summer after making this settlement of Plymouth. + +Once more was famine staring us in the face, therefore every man, woman +and child, save those chosen to go fishing, was sent into the fields +for the planting. + + + + +ENGLISH VISITORS + + +It was while our people were out fishing that they were met by a great +surprise, which was nothing less than a shallop steering as if to come +into the harbor, and in her were many men. + +At first our fishermen feared the visitors might be Frenchmen who had +come bent on some evil intent; but nevertheless our people approached +boldly, and soon learned that the shallop came from a ship nearby, +which Master Weston had sent out fishing from a place on the coast +called Damarins Cove. + +This Master Weston, so I learned later, was one of those merchants +who had aided in fitting out our company in England; but after our +departure had decided to send a colony on his own account, and the +people afterward settled at Wessagussett. + + [Illustration] + +The reason why the shallop, of which I have just spoken, came toward +our village of Plymouth, was that Master Weston's ship had brought over +seven men who wished to join us, and, what was yet better, they had +with them letters from our friends at home. + +It was unfortunate that they had no food other than enough to serve +until they should have come to our settlement, and thus it was that +there were more mouths yet for us to feed from our scanty store. + +A few weeks later we heard that a company of men from England had +begun to build a village within five and twenty miles of our Plymouth +town. There is little need for me to say that we rejoiced to learn of +neighbors in this wilderness of a country; but were more than surprised +because the ship which brought them over the seas had not come into our +harbor. + + + + +VISITING THE NEIGHBORS + + +That another village was to be built, and so near at hand that in case +the savages came against us in anger we might call upon the people for +aid, was of so much importance in the eyes of Governor Bradford, that +he at once sent Captain Standish and six men to visit our neighbors. +This he did not only in order to appear friendly, but with the hope +that from the new-comers we might be able to add to our store of food. + +It was a great disappointment to all, and particularly to Sarah and me, +when the captain came back with the report that the new settlers were +glad to leave London streets. They were of Master Weston's company; +among them were those who had come in the shallop from Damarins Cove, +bringing to us letters from England, and the people who were eager to +cast in their lot with us. + +"They are a quarrelsome, worthless company, and have already fought +with the Indians after having received favors from them," Captain +Standish said to my father, when he had made his report to the +governor. "One Thomas Weston is the leader, and if he continues as he +has begun, there will soon be an end of the entire party." + +Instead of getting food from them for our needs, it is more than +likely, so the captain declares, that we may be called upon to save +them from starvation. From the first they stole corn from the Indians, +or took it by force, and it seemed certain they could not continue such +a lawless course until harvest time. + + + + +WHY MORE FISH ARE NOT TAKEN + + +I can well fancy you are asking how it is we complain thus about the +scarcity of food, when you know that the sea is filled with fish. + +Captain Standish declares that there are no less than two hundred +different kinds to be found off this coast, and lobsters are at some +seasons so plentiful that the smallest boy may go out and get as many +as he can carry. I myself have seen one so large that I could, hardly +lift it, and father says its weight was upwards of twenty pounds. + +You will say that if we could send out a certain number of our people +in boats to get food thus from the sea, what should prevent us from +taking as many as would be necessary for our wants during one year? +I myself put that same question to father one night last winter while +we were hungry, and mother and I sat chewing the dried leaves of the +checkerberry plant which ground to powder between our teeth, and he +answered me bitterly: + +"It is owing to our own shortsightedness, my daughter; to our neglect +to understand what might be met with in this new world. Those who made +ready for the voyage believed we should find here food in abundance; +but yet had no reason for such belief. It was known that we were to +go into the wilderness, and yet, perhaps, for we will not say aught of +harm against another, it was thought that we should find in the forest +so much of fowls and of animals as would serve for all our needs." + + [Illustration] + +"But why do we not take more fish, father?" I asked, speaking because +such conversation served to keep my mind from the hunger which was +heavy upon me. + +"Because of not having the lines, the hooks, or the nets with +which to catch a larger store. When the _Fortune_ sailed for home, +Governor Bradford sent to the people in London who had made ready the +_Mayflower_, urging that they send in the next ship which may come to +this land such fishing gear as is needed. When that reaches us, then +shall we be able not only to guard against another time of famine; but +have of cured fish enough to bring us in money sufficient to buy other +things we now need." + +And thus speaking of money reminds me to set down what the savages use +in the stead of gold and silver coins. + + + + +HOW WAMPUM IS MADE + + +You must know that the Indians hereabout have no tools of iron or of +steel, as do you in Scrooby; but perform all their work by means of +fire and sharp pieces of flint stone. In order to have something that +can be called money, although they of course do not use that word in +speaking of it, they get from the dark spots which are found in clam +shells, beads about one-eighth of an inch in thickness and an inch +long. + + [Illustration] + +These they call wampum, and string them on threads cut from the skin +of a deer. Because of a great deal of labor's being necessary in the +making of them, these bits of wampum, or beads, are valued as highly by +the Indians as we value gold or silver, and the savage who would hoard +up his wealth that it may be seen of others, makes of these strings of +wampum a belt many inches broad. + + [Illustration] + +It is convenient to wear these belts, for when the owner wishes to +buy something from another Indian or even from us white people, he has +merely to take off one or two strings from the belt, thereby decreasing +the width ever so slightly. + +When Massasoit came to Plymouth, he wore three of these wampum belts, +and among those who followed him, I saw five or six who had an equal +number. + + + + +MINISTERING TO MASSASOIT + + +It was early in this second springtime that had come to us in Plymouth, +when Samoset brought word into the village that Massasoit, the savage +chief that had been so kind to us, was ill unto death, and that those +jealous Indians whom Captain Standish had disarmed so valiantly, were +only waiting until their king should die before they made an attack +upon our town. + +This news was believed to be of such importance that straightway +Governor Bradford commanded Captain Standish to gather as many of his +men as could be spared from Plymouth, and go at once to Massasoit's +village. + +This of itself would have received but scant attention from my parents +or me, for it seemed as if the captain was ever going out in search of +some adventure or another; but on this occasion, it was urged by the +governor that Master Winslow, who had shown himself during our first +winter on these shores to have some considerable knowledge regarding +sickness, go and try if he might not lend the savage king some aid. + + [Illustration] + +It was a fearsome time for everyone. We knew, because of what Samoset +had said, that many of Massasoit's people were awaiting an opportunity +to murder us, and, when Master Winslow should go into the village among +so many enemies, it was to be feared the savages might fall upon him, +knowing the chief was so ill he could not give the white man any help. + +During eight long, weary days we waited for the return of Master +Winslow, fearing each hour lest we should hear that he was no longer +in this world, and then, to our great relief, he came into the +village late one evening, while my mother and I were praying for his +safe-keeping. + +Master Winslow had been most fortunate in the visit, for the good Lord +allowed that the savage chief should be restored to health, and by way +of showing his gratitude for what had been done, Massasoit told Master +Winslow that the white people of Wessagussett had so ill-treated the +Indians along the coast, that a plot was on foot to kill not only them, +but us at Plymouth. + + + + +THE PLOT THWARTED + + +It was the same news which Samoset had brought us, and there could no +longer be any doubt as to its truth. + +Captain Standish had come back only to set out again, for when Master +Winslow told Governor Bradford that which Massasoit had said, several +of our men were sent in hot haste to this place where Master Weston's +men were making so much mischief. Again we of Plymouth waited in +anxious suspense until that day when Captain Standish, and all whom he +had taken with him, returned once more to the village. + +They had met one Indian who, they believed, was planning to murder +Captain Standish himself. This Indian and six of his savage companions +they had killed, driving the others away into the forest. + +It was believed by father that the Indians, knowing we had ever treated +them fairly and justly, and also that our men had punished those who +did wrong, would no longer hold enmity against us of Plymouth simply +because of our skins' being white. + + + + +THE CAPTAIN'S INDIAN + + +I must tell you that our captain has adopted a follower who hugs him +as closely as ever shadow could. It is a savage by the name of Hobomok, +whom Samoset brought to Plymouth. He must suddenly have fallen in love +with our valiant warrior, for he keeps close at his heels during all +the waking hours, and, as John Alden says, sleeps as near, during the +night, as Captain Standish will permit. + +He is called by our people "the captain's Indian," and surely he +appears to be as faithful and unselfish as any dog. + + + + +BALLOTS OF CORN + + +We have come to put this Indian corn, or Turkey wheat, to another use +than that of eating, for it has been agreed to let the kernels serve as +ballots in public voting. + + [Illustration] + +Each man may put into Standish's iron cap, which is what our people +use when they cast their ballots, a single kernel of the corn to show +that it is his intent to elect whomsoever had been spoken of for this +or that office; but if a bean be cast, it is used as counting against +him who desires to be elected, and a law has already been made which +says that "if any man shall put more than one Indian corn or bean into +Captain Standish's helmet in time of public election, he shall forfeit +no less than ten pounds in lawful money." + + + + +ARRIVAL OF THE "ANN" + + +And now, because there is so much of excitement, owing to the frequent +coming and going of strangers, which neither Sarah nor I can well +understand, I will set down, in as few words as may be possible, only +such news as seems of importance, beginning with the time before our +second harvesting. + +Then the ship _Ann_ came, bringing yet more people, although, +fortunately, a considerable store of food, and in her were the +wives and children of some of our company who had come over in the +_Mayflower_. How joyous was the meeting between those who had long +been separated. Sarah and I could see, however, that more than one of +these women were disappointed, having most likely allowed themselves to +believe their husbands were gathering riches in the new world. I heard +one, who found her husband much the same as clad in rags, wish that she +and her children were in England again. + +When the ship _Ann_ went back to England, my mother and I were left +alone, for it had been decided by the head men of the town that Master +Edward Winslow should take passage in her to look after certain +business affairs of the colony, and, what seemed to me the more +important, to buy some cows. The sorrow of it was that my father was +chosen to journey with Master Winslow. + +We were exceedingly lonely, and should have felt yet more desolate but +for Captain Standish and John Alden both of whom did whatsoever they +might to cheer. + + + + +THE "LITTLE JAMES" COMES TO PORT + + +It was while we were alone that the ship _Little James_ came, laden +with fifty men, women and children to be joined to our colony, and when +they were settled, did it seem as if Plymouth was much the same as a +city, with so many people coming and going. + +What with the food which had been brought in the _Ann_ and the _Little +James_, and with the bountiful harvest we reaped in the fall, there +seemed no longer to be any fear of famine; and with so many hands to +make light work, as Elder Brewster said, there was no good reason why +we should not have a meeting-house to be used for no other purpose than +as a place in which to worship God. + + + + +THE NEW MEETING-HOUSE + + +It was after the harvest time that the people set about building it, +and that it might be seen by those who looked at it from the outside, +to be a building other than for living purposes, the logs, instead of +being set upright in the earth, were laid lengthwise, and notched at +the ends in a most secure fashion, with a roof that rises to a peak +like unto those on the houses in Scrooby. + +The very best of oiled paper is set in the windows. There is a real +floor of puncheon boards, which we keep well covered with the white +sand from the shore, and Priscilla Mullens spends much time drawing +with a stick fanciful figures in the glistening covering, causing it to +look like a real carpet. + +There are benches sufficient for all, and at that end opposite the +door is the preacher's desk, over which hangs a sounding board, not +delicately fashioned like the one at Scrooby, but made of puncheons, +yet serving well the purpose of allowing the preacher's voice to seem +louder. + +Elder Brewster still believes that it would be wrong for us to have +a fireplace in the meeting-house, because one who truly worships his +Maker should be willing to sacrifice his comfort. One Sabbath Day, when +the elder's sermon was so long that the hourglass had been turned three +times by the tithingman, and the sand was already running well for the +fourth time, I believed of a truth that my feet were really frozen. + +But I did not even shuffle them on the floor, because once when I +did so, a most serious lesson did my mother read me when we were at +home again, and that very evening Elder Brewster spoke in meeting of +the wickedness of children who had no more fear of God before their +eyes than to disturb by unseemly noise those who had gathered for his +worship. + +John Alden, who is ever ready to do what he can for the comfort of +others, has now nailed bags made of wolf skins on the benches, into +which we may thrust our feet and thus keep them warm. + + + + +THE CHURCH SERVICE + + +Captain Standish has taught Master Bean's eldest son, Nathan, how to +drum, and he it is who summons our people before nine of the clock in +the morning, and one of the clock in the afternoon. + + [Illustration] + +Then we go from our homes in seemly fashion; but all the men carry +their firearms and wear swords, for there are wicked Indians about, +and many wild beasts which come even into the village, when there is +much snow on the ground. Therefore do the fathers and the brothers of +Plymouth guard the mothers and sisters. + +It is that part of the meeting-house on the right side as you go in, +that has been set apart for the women and girls. The men have their +benches on the opposite side, while the boys, except the very, very +little ones, sit directly under the preacher's desk, where all may know +if they behave themselves in seemly fashion. Sarah says it would be +much to the comfort of us girls if even the baby boys could be thus set +apart by themselves. + +Deacon Chadwick leads the congregation in the songs of praise, by +reading a line, for we have but four psalm books here, and then we sing +such words as he has spoken; so it goes on throughout all the psalm, +causing the music to sound halting and unequal. Besides which, it is +seldom that the verses can be sung in such a manner within less than +half an hour, and meanwhile we must all be kept standing. + +When the meeting is over, and the morning service is nearly always +finished within four hours, we remain in our seats until the preacher +and his wife have gone out, after which the men march around to the +deacon's bench, and there leave furs or corn, money or wampum, if +perchance they have any, as gifts toward the support of the preaching. +Sometimes, when I have a feeling of faintness from the cold and long +hours of sitting, I cannot help envying the preacher and his wife being +able to leave thus early. + + + + +THE TITHINGMEN + + +The tithingmen are elected as town officers, and each has ten families +to visit during the week, when they hear the children recite their +lessons for the next Sabbath Day. It is their duty to see that every +person goes to the meeting-house on Sabbath Day, with no loitering on +the way, and even after the preaching is over, and we have returned +to our homes, do they march up and down the street to prevent us from +straying out of doors until the Sabbath is at a close. + + [Illustration] + +My mother believes, and so do I, that it would be better if the +tithingmen refrained from walking to and fro in the church while +the elder is preaching; but so they do, each carrying a stick which +has a knob on one end and a fox or wolf tail on the other, striking +the unruly children on the head with the knob end of the stick, and +tickling with the fox tail the faces of those who are so ungodly as to +sleep during the preaching. + + + + +MASTER WINSLOW BRINGS HOME COWS + + +I despair of trying to make you understand how thankful we were to God, +when the ship in which Master Winslow and father returned, sailed into +the harbor. + +It seemed to me as if I should never have enough of looking at him, +or feeling the pressure of his hand upon my head, after he had thus +been gone for eight weary months; but, strange to say, the others in +the town thought it more pleasing to look at the cattle which Master +Winslow brought, than at our people who had come back to us. + +Yes, in the ship _Charity_, on which Master Winslow and father came, +were three cows and a bull, and you who have never known the lack of +butter, cheese, and milk, cannot understand how grateful our people +were for such things. + + [Illustration] + +The animals were no sooner on shore and eating greedily, than +straightway we pictured to ourselves a large herd of cows, such as +are seen in England, and when for the first time we saw the milk, a +spoonful was given to each person in order that he or she might once +more know the taste of it. + +In the same vessel came a preacher, by name of John Lyford, a ship +carpenter, and a man who is skilled in making salt; therefore does +it seem now as if our town of Plymouth could boast of nearly as many +comforts and conveniences as you enjoy at Scrooby. + +Nor were the return of father and Master Winslow, the coming of the +animals, the arrival of the salt man, or the joining to our company of +the preacher, the only things for which we had to give thanks. + + + + +A REAL OVEN + + +Father brought in the vessel as many bricks as would serve to make an +oven by the side of our fireplace, and thus it was that we were the +first family in Plymouth who could bake bread or roast meats, as do +people in England. + +This oven is built on one side of the fireplace, with a hole near the +top, for the smoke to go through. It has a door of real iron, with an +ash pit below, so that we may save the ashes for soap-making without +storing them in another place. + +At first the oven was kept busily at work for the benefit of our +neighbors, being heated each day, but for our own needs it is used once +a week. Inside, a great fire of dried wood is kindled and kept burning +from morning until noon, when it has thoroughly heated the bricks. Then +the coals and ashes are swept out; the chimney draught is closed, and +the oven filled with whatsoever we have to cook. A portion of our bread +is baked in the two pans which mother owns; but the rest of it we lay +on green leaves, and it is cooked quite as well, although one is forced +to scrape a few cinders from the bottom of the loaf. + + [Illustration] + + + + +BUTTER AND CHEESE + + +Can you imagine how Sarah and I feasted when, for the first time in +four years, we had milk to drink, and butter and cheese to eat? + +You must not believe that we drank milk freely, as do you at Scrooby, +for there are many people in Plymouth, all of whom had been hungering +for it even as had Sarah and I. Father claimed that each must have a +certain share, therefore it is a great feast day with us when we have +a large spoonful on our pudding, or to drink. + +John Alden made a most beautiful churn for mother; but many a long +month passed before we could get cream enough to make butter, so eager +were our people for the milk. Now, however, when there are seventeen +cows in this town of ours, we not only have butter on extra occasions; +but twice each year mother makes a cheese. + + [Illustration] + + + + +THE SETTLEMENT AT WESSAGUSSETT + + +Because of having spent so much time, and set down so many words in +trying to describe how we lived when we first came to this new world, I +must hasten over that which occurred from day to day, in order to tell +you what seems to me of the most importance, without giving heed to the +time when the events took place. + +I have already told you of the village at Wessagussett, which was built +by men who had been sent to this land by Master Weston, and also that +they were driven away by Captain Standish because of working so much +mischief among the Indians that our own lives were in danger. + +Well, it was not long after Captain Standish had punished them, +before one and then another came back to the huts, which had been left +unharmed, and we at Plymouth learned of their doings through Samoset or +Squanto. + +Had they been God-fearing people, willing to obey our laws, Governor +Bradford would have welcomed them right gladly; but because of their +refusing to do that which was right, and their giving themselves up +to riotous living, our fathers could do no less than hold them at a +distance. + +Then it was that one Master Thomas Morton, calling himself a gentlemen, +who came over in the _Charity_ and had lived among us in Plymouth a +short time, much to the shame and discomfort of those who strove to +profit by the teachings of the Bible, claimed that the evil-doers +at Wessagussett were being wronged by us. He even went so far as +to tell Governor Bradford to his face that he was stiff-necked and +straight-laced, preaching what decent men could not practice. + + + + +THE VILLAGE OF MERRY MOUNT + + +After such a shameful outburst, it did not surprise any one that he +joined those at Wessagussett, and perhaps it was as well that he did +so, for he would not have been permitted to remain longer in Plymouth. + + [Illustration: Flint-Lock Gun] + +Master Morton changed the name of the village to Merry Mount, and it +has been said that everyone there gave himself over to riotous living. +They do not even have a meeting house, and John Alden declares that +they never pray, except by reading prayers out of a book, which is an +evil practice, so Elder Brewster insists. + + [Illustration: Match-Lock Gun] + +Captain Standish sorely offended mother by saying he cared not whether +they read or sang their prayers, so that they stopped selling firearms +and strong drink to the Indians. But this last they did, until the +captain could no longer hold his temper in check, and he laid the +matter before Governor Bradford and the chief men of the town. + +Then did the governor send to Master Morton by Squanto a letter, +telling him that for the safety of all the white people he ought to +stop his evil work of teaching the savages how to use firearms, which +might one day be turned against us. + +To this Master Morton made reply that he had sold firearms to the +savages, and would do so as long as he liked. He said his doings did +not concern us of Plymouth, and that no man could make him do other +than as he pleased. + +After reading the letter from Master Morton, the governor sent Captain +Standish with fourteen men to Merry Mount, and Sarah's father told her +that there was a disagreeable battle before the captain could bring +Master Morton away. He was kept in Plymouth until a vessel sailed for +England, and then sent back in her, much against his will, but those +who were so venturesome as to talk with him before he left, claim +that he threatened to come back at some later day, when he would have +revenge upon the governor and the captain. + + + + +THE FIRST SCHOOL + + +I must not forget to tell you that last year there was opened a school, +in that part of the old fort which was first used as a meeting-house. +Our friends in England sent to us a preacher by name of John Lyford, as +I have already said, and he it was who began the school, teaching all +children whose parents could pay him a certain amount either in wampum, +beaver skins, corn, wheat, peas, or money. + +Sarah and I went during seven weeks, and would have remained while +school was open, but that Master Lyford had hot words with Governor +Bradford because of letters which he wrote to his friends in England, +wherein were many false things set down concerning us of Plymouth. Then +it was father declared that I should go on with my studies at home, +rather than be taught by a man who was doing whatsoever he might to +bring reproach upon our village. + +It caused me much sorrow thus to give over learning, for Master Lyford +taught us many new things, and neither Sarah nor I could understand how +it would work harm to us, even though we did study under the direction +of one who was not a friend to Plymouth. + +I felt sorry because of Master Lyford's having done that which gave +rise to ill feelings among our people, since it resulted in his being +sent away from Plymouth. It would not have given me sorrow to see him +go, for to my mind he was not a friendly man; but it seemed much like +a great loss to the village, when the school was closed. + +It would surprise you to know how comfortable everything was in the +school; it seemed almost as if we children were being allowed to give +undue heed to the pleasures of this world, though I must confess that +during the first hour of the morning session we were distressed by the +smoke. + + + + +TOO MUCH SMOKE + + +When the room had been used as a Sabbath Day meeting-house, there was +neither chimney nor fireplace, because Elder Brewster believed that too +much bodily comfort would distract our thoughts from the duty we owed +the Lord. But when the place had been turned into a schoolroom, it was +necessary to have warmth, if for no other reason than that the smaller +children might not be frost-bitten. + +John Billington was hired to build a fireplace and chimney, and, as +all in Plymouth know, he dislikes to work even as does his son James. +Therefore it was that he failed to make the chimney of such height +above the top of the fort as would admit of a fair draught, so Master +Lyford declared, and we were sorely troubled with smoke until the fire +had gained good headway. + +It was the duty of the boys to provide wood and keep the fire burning; +while we girls kept the room swept and cleanly, all of which tended to +give us a greater interest in the school. + + + + +SCHOOL COMFORTS + + +For our convenience when learning to write, puncheon planks were +fastened to the four sides of the room, with stakes on the front edges +to serve as legs in order to hold them in a sloping position, and at +such desk-like contrivances we stood while using a pen, or working at +arithmetic with strips of birch-bark in the stead of paper. The same +benches which had been built when the room was our meeting-house, +served as seats when we had need to rest our legs. + + [Illustration] + +Master Lyford built for himself a desk in the center of the room, where +he could overlook us all, and so great was his desire for comfort, +which was one of the complaints made against him by Governor Bradford, +that he had fastened a short piece of puncheon plank to one side of the +log which served as chair, so that he might lean his back against it +when he was weary. + + + + +HOW THE CHILDREN WERE PUNISHED + + +It must be set down that he was not indolent when it seemed to him +that one of us should be punished. As Captain Standish said, after he +had looked into the room to see James Billington whipped for having +been idle, the teacher "had a rare brain for inventing instruments for +discipline." + + [Illustration] + +It was the flapper which the captain had seen in use upon James, and +surely it must have caused great pain when laid on with all Master +Lyford's strength. A piece of tanned buckskin, six inches square, +with a round hole in the middle large enough for me to thrust my thumb +through, fastened to a wooden handle,--this was the flapper, and when +it was brought down heavily upon one's bare flesh, a blister was raised +the full size of the hole in the leather. + +He had also a tattling stick, which was made of half a dozen thick +strips of deer hide fastened to a short handle, and when he flogged the +children with it, they were forced to lie down over a log hewn with a +sharp edge at the top. This sharp edge of wood, together with the blows +from the stout thongs, caused great pain. + +Master Lyford was not always so severe in his punishment. He had +whispering-sticks, which were thick pieces of wood to be placed in a +child's mouth until it was forced wide open, and then each end of the +stick was tied securely at the back of the scholar's neck in such a way +that he could make no manner of noise. Sarah wore one of these nearly +two hours because of whispering to me, and when it was taken out, the +poor child could not close her jaws until I had rubbed them gently +during a long while. + + [Illustration] + +Then there was the single-legged stool, upon which it was most tiring +to sit, and this was given to the child who would not keep still upon +his bench. I was forced to use it during one whole hour, because of +drumming my feet upon the floor when the cold was most bitter, and the +fire would not burn owing to the wood being so wet. It truly seemed to +me, before the punishment was come to an end, as if my back had been +broken. + +Master Lyford was also provided with five or six dunce's caps, made +of birch bark, on which were painted in fair letters such names as +"Tell-Tale," "Bite-Finger-Baby," "Lying Ananias," "Idle Boy," and other +ugly words. + + [Illustration] + +However, I dare say this was for good, and went far toward aiding us in +our studies. Master Allerton declares that there are no truer words in +the Book, than those which teach us that to spare the rod is to spoil +the child, and surely we of Plymouth were not spoiled in such manner by +Master Lyford, nor by the other teachers who came to us later. + + + + +NEW VILLAGES + + +While I have been setting down all these things that you might know how +we lived here in the wilderness, other villages have been built around +us until we can no longer say we are alone, or that our only neighbors +are those Englishmen in Virginia, which place is so far away that we +should need make a voyage in a ship in order to come at it. + +First I will speak of that village of Merry Mount, wherein dwell those +people who, led by Thomas Morton, are a reproach to those who walk in +the straight path. + +Then, so we have heard, there are white men living on the river called +Saco; at the mouth of the river Piscataqua and higher up the stream is, +so Squanto declares, a village called Cochecho. + +At Pemaquid, and on the nearby island of Monhegan, are settlements +whose dwellers are nearly all fishermen, and who send their catch to +England. + +One Captain Wollaston, with between thirty and forty men, began to make +a village on the seashore not above fifty miles from here; but he soon +tired of battling with the wilderness, and set sail with all his people +for Virginia. + +Master John Oldham, who came to Plymouth with Master Lyford, having had +hot words with Governor Bradford, set off for a place called Nantasket, +where, in company with four other discontented ones of our village, he +aims to make a town. + +Near by Plymouth, if one makes the journey by boat, is a town called +Salem, lately set up with Master Endicott as the governor, wherein live +more than two hundred people, and within a few weeks it has been said +that another company are making homes on Massachusetts Bay, calling the +place Charlestown. + +Therefore you can see how fast this new world is being covered with +villages and towns, and we who were the first to gain a foothold in the +wilderness, are surrounded by neighbors until it seems as if the land +were really thronged with people. + + + + +MAKING READY FOR A JOURNEY + + + [Illustration] + +Not two months ago my father got word that among those who had come +to build homes at the place already named Salem, were many of our +old friends whom we left behind at Leyden, and I was nearly wild with +delight when he said to my mother: + +"Verily we two have earned a time of rest, and if it be to your mind we +will go even so far as Salem, to greet those friends of ours who have +so lately come from Leyden." + +"And Mary?" my mother asked. + +"She shall go with us. If you and I are to give ourselves over to +pleasure, it is well she should have a share." + +Since the day on which we landed from the _Mayflower_, I had not been +allowed to stray above half a mile from the village, and now I was to +journey like a princess, with nothing to do save seek that which might +serve for my pleasure or amusement. + +Then, remembering how sad at heart Sarah would be if we were parted +after having been so much together these ten years, I made bold to ask +my mother if she might journey with us, and after having speech with my +father, she gave her consent. + +There is no need for me to tell you that we two girls were wondrously +happy and woefully excited at the idea of visiting strange people, +concerning whom we had heard not a little, for, as Captain Standish has +said, never were homeseekers outfitted in such plenty. + +When he heard of what father counted on doing, Captain Standish offered +to make one of the party, saying that it would gladden him to see +a friendly face from Leyden, and it was his idea that we go in the +shallop, taking with us John Alden to aid in working the vessel. + +You can well fancy that Sarah and I were pleased to have the captain +with our party, for he has ever been a good friend of ours, and as for +John Alden, if Mistress Priscilla was willing to spare him from home, +we were content, knowing he was at all times ready, as well as eager, +to do his full share of whatsoever labor might be at hand. + + + + +CLOTHING FOR THE SALEM COMPANY + + +Just fancy! The Massachusetts Bay Company gave to each man and boy who +came over from England to Salem four pairs of shoes, and four pairs of +stockings to wear with them, a stout pair of Norwich garters, together +with four shirts, and two suits of doublet and hose of leather lined +with oiled skin. As if that were not enough, to the list were added a +woolen suit lined with leather, two handkerchiefs, and a green cotton +waistcoat. Then came a leather belt, a woolen cap, a black hat, two red +knit caps, two pairs of gloves, a cloak lined with cotton, and an extra +pair of breeches. + +Is it any wonder that Sarah and I were eager to see these gentlemen +who must have needed a baggage ship in order to bring over their +finery. Think of people coming into the wilderness outfitted in such +extravagant fashion as that! + +Surely they should be able to live comfortably, and without anxiety +for the future, because the company that sent them to build the town of +Salem, took good care that they were provided with provisions in plenty +until they had sown and reaped. + +If we of Plymouth had come so burdened with clothes and food, we should +have been spared many a sad day, when an empty stomach, scantily +covered with thin clothing, knew at the same time the biting of the +frost and the gnawing of hunger. It is little wonder that Sarah and I +were eager to see these fortunate people, if for no other reason than +to learn how they carried themselves before us of Plymouth, who failed +of being fine birds through absence of fine feathers. + + + + +PREPARING FOOD FOR THE JOURNEY + + +During one full week before the time set for us to leave home, mother +and I worked from daylight until dark making ready the food, for it +was no slight task to prepare enough to fill the stomachs of all our +company. + +It is true we would be housed and fed in Salem; but no one could +say how the voyage might be prolonged, if the wind proved contrary, +therefore did it behoove us to prepare for a long passage lest we +suffer from hunger by the way. + + [Illustration] + +We made nookick enough, as father said, for the Plymouth army, and of +Indian corn meal and pumpkin bread, no less than twenty large loaves. +We had a sweet pudding in a bag for each person, counting Sarah and me; +Captain Standish had shot two wild ducks as his portion of the stores, +and these had been roasted until they were of a most delicious brown +shade, causing one's mouth to water when looking at them. + +Father had cut up the salt and pickled fish until it could be stored in +gourds, and John Alden caught lobsters enough to prevent our suffering +from hunger during at least two days. + +We had two pumpkins freshly roasted, which would remain sweet a long +while; the full half of a small cheese, a pat of butter as a luxury, +and much else which I cannot well call to mind. + + + + +BEFORE SAILING FOR SALEM + + +The hinder part of the shallop was partly filled with dried beach +grass, that we might have a soft bed if so be we were, as it seemed +likely, still on the voyage when night came. In the forward portion of +the vessel was a keg of John Alden's making, filled with sweet spring +water, and thus, as you may see, everything had been done to minister +to our comfort. + +I was half afraid Elder Brewster might force us to wait beyond the day +appointed for leaving, in order to read us more than one lesson on the +sin of over-indulgence; but, fortunately, he could not spend the time +to overlook the preparations, because of building a new chimney to his +house, the old one having burned on Saturday night. + +On the evening before we sailed, many of our neighbors came in to pray +with us that God would have us in His holy keeping while we wandered +so far from home, and my eyes were filled to overflowing when Elder +Brewster made special mention of Sarah and me, asking that we might +not be led from straight paths by the sight of so much worldly vanity +as was likely waiting for us in that town of Salem, which had grown so +suddenly and so rapidly. + +Sarah slept with me on that night, and after we were gone to bed in the +kitchen, we could hardly close our eyes, so great was our excitement, +as we thought of all the strange sights we were likely to see. I am of +the belief that we had not been asleep above an hour, when mother came +to make ready the morning meal. + +It was yet dark; but father had it in mind to make the start as soon +as day broke, and there was much to be done before that time. We ate +hurriedly of the Indian corn meal pudding, and then Captain Standish +and John Alden came to join us in the service of praise, when I am +afraid my sin was great, for I could hardly keep my mind on the words +of his prayer, so eager did I feel to begin the journey. + +Elder Brewster has told us children again and again that we are +offending God when we allow our thoughts to stray while He is being +worshiped, and even with his warning in mind, I could not but wonder +why father's prayer was so much longer on that morning than I ever had +known before. Twice I heard Captain Standish cough while we were on our +knees, and I was so wicked as to feel pleased because he, like me, had +grown impatient. + + + + +THE JOURNEY + + +The day had not fully dawned when we marched down to the shore where +the shallop lay at anchor; but early though the hour was, we found +there assembled nearly all the townspeople, come to bid us Godspeed +on the dangerous journey. One would have thought we were counting to +travel as far as England, to judge from the looks of sorrow on the +faces of our friends, and we did not go aboard the small vessel until +Elder Brewster had prayed once more for our safe return from the place +where temptation in so many forms awaited us. + +However much time I might spend over the task, it would be impossible +for me to describe, in such a manner that you could understand it, the +pleasure which Sarah and I had during the journey. It was our first +voyaging in so small a vessel, but we could not well have been alarmed, +for the sea was as smooth as velvet, save where it was ruffled here and +there by the gentle breeze which filled the sail of the shallop. + + [Illustration] + +Both my father and Captain Standish fretted because there was not +wind enough to send us along at a smarter pace; but we girls were well +content with the slow progress, since it would be but prolonging our +pleasure. + +As the day grew older, we partook of food, and each one, save him who +was at the helm, chose such position as was best suited to comfort. +Father pointed out to us certain landmarks on the coast, which he said +had been set down by Captain John Smith of Virginia when he journeyed +in this region, and John Alden told of settlers who had begun to make +plantations on the shores of Massachusetts Bay. + +At noon father read from the Book, while John Alden steered, and +after a season of prayer mother spoke with Captain Standish concerning +friends in Holland. + +It was as if this carried the captain's mind back to the time when he +had been an officer in the Dutch army, for straightway he began telling +stories of adventure and of thrilling escapes from death, until Sarah +and I were at the same time entranced and alarmed. Even though I burned +to have him continue, it was a relief when he changed the subject to +speculate upon what the future might hold for us of Plymouth. + +When night came, we were yet at sea, and mother, Sarah, and I lay down +on the dry beach grass in the bottom of the boat, after father had +once more prayed that the Lord would hold us, as He does the sea, in +the hollow of His hand. We slept as sweetly as if in our own beds at +Plymouth, never once awakening until Captain Standish cried out that we +should open our eyes to the glory of the sunrise. + + + + +THE ARRIVAL AT SALEM + + +We were then near unto the village of Salem, and there was no more than +time in which to break our fast, and join with father in thanks to God +because of His having saved us through the night, when the shallop was +run in as close to land as the depth of water would permit. + +Captain Standish carried each of us ashore, wading in the sea knee-deep +to do so, and after we were standing dry-shod on the sand, the vessel +was pushed off at anchor, lest she should take ground when the tide +went down. + + [Illustration] + +Then we went into the village, where already more than thirty houses +had been built, father and Captain Standish walking in the lead, while +John Alden remained by the side of mother, and we girls followed on +behind, soberly and slowly, even though our hearts were beating fast +with excitement. + +Not for long were we left to our own devices. As soon as we were seen +by one of the women, all our party were made welcome to Salem, and when +it was learned that we had come from Plymouth, in the hope of meeting +those whom we had known at Leyden, it was as if every person in the +village made effort to entertain us. + + + + +SIGHT-SEEING IN SALEM + + +It is not for me to say ought against those who treated us so kindly; +but yet I must set it down that Sarah and I were somewhat disappointed. +There was no such show of luxury and vanity as we had been led to +expect, after learning how wondrously these people had been supplied +with clothes. The houses were no better than could be found in our own +village of Plymouth, and, save that there was pickled beef and pork in +great abundance, the food was no more tempting. + +The elders of our little company speedily found old friends whom they +had parted with in Leyden; but Sarah and I, having been so young when +we left Holland, could not be expected to remember any of the children. +We wandered here and there however, being greeted by strangers as if we +were old friends, comparing all we saw with that which could be found +in Plymouth, and coming to believe that ours was the most goodly home. + + [Illustration] + + + + +BACK TO PLYMOUTH + + +I believe we looked forward to going back quite as eagerly as we had +to coming. Right glad were all of us, including even Captain Standish, +when we said good-by to the people of Salem, and our shallop, with a +strong wind astern, sailed with her bow toward Plymouth. + +"It is well that we go abroad at times, if for no other reason than to +learn how dear is our own hearthstone," the captain said in a tone of +content, as he sat in the bottom of the boat with his back against the +mast, burning the Indian weed in a little stone vessel which Hobomok +had brought to him from Massasoit's village. + +Then he fell to telling Sarah and me stories, tiring not until we were +once more at home, for the return voyage was exceeding speedy. + +And now, because I am just returned to the place where we landed ten +years ago, concerning which I have been trying to tell you, it is well +I should come to the end, trusting that the Lord may be as good to you, +as he has been to us children of Plymouth during all these years of +hardships and sorrows. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Mary of Plymouth, by James Otis + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MARY OF PLYMOUTH *** + +***** This file should be named 44616.txt or 44616.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/4/4/6/1/44616/ + +Produced by Melissa McDaniel and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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