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<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 45809 ***</div>

<h1>GLOSSARY
OF
WILTSHIRE WORDS</h1>


<p class="p4 center">Oxford<br />
HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</p>

<hr class="chap" />


<p class="p2 center spaced"><big>A Glossary of Words</big><br />

USED IN THE<br />

<big>COUNTY OF WILTSHIRE.</big></p>

<p class="p2 center">BY</p>

<p class="p2 center spaced">GEORGE EDWARD DARTNELL<br />

AND THE<br />

REV. EDWARD HUNGERFORD GODDARD, M.A.</p>

<p class="p4 center">London:</p>

<p class="center">PUBLISHED FOR THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY<br />
BY HENRY FROWDE, OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE.<br />
AMEN CORNER, LONDON, E.C.</p>

<p class="center spaced">1893.<br />

[<i>All rights reserved.</i>]</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p>



<h2>PREFACE</h2>


<p>The following pages must not be considered as comprising
an exhaustive Glossary of our Wiltshire Folk-speech. The
field is a wide one, and though much has been accomplished
much more still remains to be done. None but those who
have themselves attempted such a task know how difficult it
is to get together anything remotely approaching a complete
list of the dialect words used in a single small parish, to say
nothing of a large county, such as ours. Even when the
words themselves have been collected, the work is little more
than begun. Their range in time and place, their history and
etymology, the side-lights thrown on them by allusions in
local or general literature, their relation to other English
dialects, and a hundred such matters, more or less interesting,
have still to be dealt with. However, in spite of many difficulties
and hindrances, the results of our five years or more
of labour have proved very satisfactory, and we feel fully
justified in claiming for this <cite>Glossary</cite> that it contains the
most complete list of Wiltshire words and phrases which
has as yet been compiled. More than one-half of the words
here noted have never before appeared in any Wiltshire
Vocabulary, many of them being now recorded for the first
time for any county, while in the case of the remainder
much additional information will be found given, as well
as numerous examples of actual folk-talk.</p>

<p>The greater part of these words were originally collected
by us as rough material for the use of the compilers of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span>
projected <cite>English Dialect Dictionary</cite>, and have been appearing
in instalments during the last two years in the <cite>Wilts Archæological
Magazine</cite> (vol. xxvi, pp. 84-169, and 293-314; vol.
xxvii, pp. 124-159), as <cite>Contributions towards a Wiltshire
Glossary</cite>. The whole list has now been carefully revised and
much enlarged, many emendations being made, and a very
considerable number of new words inserted, either in the
body of the work, or as <i>Addenda</i>. A few short stories, illustrating
the dialect as actually spoken now and in Akerman's
time, with a brief <i>Introduction</i> dealing with Pronunciation, &amp;c.,
and <i>Appendices</i> on various matters of interest, have also been
added; so that the size of the work has been greatly
increased.</p>

<p>As regards the nature of the dialect itself, the subject
has been fully dealt with by abler pens than ours, and
we need only mention here that it belongs to what is
now known as the South-Western group, which also comprises
most of Dorset, Hants, Gloucester, and parts of Berks
and Somerset. The use of dialect would appear gradually
to be dying out now in the county, thanks, perhaps, to
the spread of education, which too often renders the rustic
half-ashamed of his native tongue. Good old English as at
base it is,&mdash;for many a word or phrase used daily and hourly
by the Wiltshire labourer has come down almost unchanged,
even as regards pronunciation, from his Anglo-Saxon forefathers,&mdash;it
is not good enough for him now. One here, and
another there, will have been up to town, only to come back
with a stock of slang phrases and misplaced aspirates, and
a large and liberal contempt for the old speech and the old
ways. The natural result is that here, as elsewhere, every
year is likely to add considerably to the labour of collecting,
until in another generation or so what is now difficult may
become an almost hopeless task. No time should be lost,
therefore, in noting down for permanent record every word
and phrase, custom or superstition, still current among us,
that may chance to come under observation.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p>

<p>The words here gathered together will be found to fall
mainly under three heads;&mdash;(1) Dialect, as <i>Caddle</i>, (2) Ordinary
English with some local shade of meaning, as <i>Unbelieving</i>, and
(3) Agricultural, as <i>Hyle</i>, many of the latter being also
entitled to rank as Dialect. There may also be noted a small
number of old words, such as <i>toll</i> and <i>charm</i>, that have long
died out of standard English, but still hold their own among
our country people. We have not thought it advisable, as
a general rule, to follow the example set us by our predecessors
in including such words as <i>archet</i> and <i>deaw</i>, which merely
represent the local pronunciation of orchard and dew; nor
have we admitted <i>cantankerous</i>, <i>tramp</i>, and certain others that
must now rank with ordinary English, whatever claim they
may once have had to be considered as provincial. More
leniency, however, has been exercised with regard to the
agricultural terms, many that are undoubtedly of somewhat
general use being retained side by side with those of more
local limitation.</p>

<p>The chief existing sources of information are as follows:&mdash;(1)
the Glossary of Agricultural Terms in Davis's <cite>General
View of the Agriculture of Wilts</cite>, 1809; reprinted in the
<cite>Archæological Review</cite>, March, 1888, with many valuable notes
by Prof. Skeat; (2) The Word-list in vol. iii. of Britton's
<cite>Beauties of Wilts</cite>, 1825; collated with Akerman, and reprinted
in 1879 for the English Dialect Society, with additions
and annotations, by Prof. Skeat; (3) Akerman's
<cite>North Wilts Glossary</cite>, 1842, based upon Britton's earlier work;
(4) Halliwell's <cite>Dictionary</cite>, 1847, where may be found most
(but not all) of the Wiltshire words occurring in our older
literature, as the anonymous fifteenth-century <cite>Chronicon Vilodunense</cite>,
the works of John Aubrey, Bishop Kennett's <cite>Parochial
Antiquities</cite>, and the collections by the same author, which
form part of the <cite>Lansdowne MSS.</cite>; (5) Wright's <cite>Dictionary of
Obsolete and Provincial English</cite>, 1859, which is mainly a condensation
of Halliwell's work, but contains a few additional<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>
Wiltshire words; (6) a Word-list in Mr. E. Slow's <cite>Wiltshire
Poems</cite>, which he has recently enlarged and published separately;
and (7) the curious old MS. <cite>Vocabulary</cite> belonging to
Mr. W. Cunnington, a <i>verbatim</i> reprint of which will be
found in the Appendix.</p>

<p>Other authorities that must here be accorded a special
mention are a paper <cite>On some un-noted Wiltshire Phrases</cite>, by
the Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, in the <cite>Wilts Archæological
Magazine</cite>; Britten and Holland's invaluable <cite>Dictionary of
English Plant-names</cite>, which, however, is unfortunately very
weak as regards Wilts names; the Rev. A. C. Smith's <cite>Birds
of Wiltshire</cite>; Akerman's <cite>Wiltshire Tales</cite>; the <cite>Flower-class
Reports</cite> in the <cite>Sarum Diocesan Gazette</cite>; the very scarce <cite>Song
of Solomon in North Wilts Dialect</cite>, by Edward Kite, a work
of the highest value as regards the preservation of local pronunciation
and modes of expression, but containing very few
words that are not in themselves ordinary English; the works
of Richard Jefferies; Canon Jackson's valuable edition of
Aubrey's <cite>Wiltshire Collections</cite>; and Britton's condensation of
the <cite>Natural History of Wilts</cite>. In <cite>Old Country and Farming
Words</cite>, by Mr. Britten, 1880, much information as to our
agricultural terms may be found, gathered together from the
<cite>Surveys</cite> and similar sources. Lastly, the various <cite>Glossaries</cite>
of the neighbouring counties, by Cope, Barnes, Jennings,
and other writers, should be carefully collated with our
Wiltshire Glossaries, as they often throw light on doubtful
points. Fuller particulars as to these and other works bearing
on the subject will be found in the Appendix on <cite>Wiltshire
Bibliography</cite>.</p>

<p>We regret that it has been found impossible to carry out
Professor Skeat's suggestion that the true pronunciation
should in all doubtful cases be clearly indicated by its Glossic
equivalent. To make such indications of any practical value
they should spring from a more intimate knowledge of that
system than either of us can be said to possess. The same
remarks will also apply to the short notes on Pronunciation,
&amp;c., where our utter inexperience as regards the modern<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span>
scientific systems of Phonetics must be pleaded as our excuse
for having been compelled to adopt methods that are as vague
as they are unscientific.</p>

<p>To the English Dialect Society and its officers we are
deeply indebted for their kindness and generosity in undertaking
to adopt this <cite>Glossary</cite>, and to publish it in their
valuable series of County Glossaries, as well as for the
courtesy shown us in all matters connected with the work.
We have also to thank the Wilts Archæological Society for
the space afforded us from time to time in their <cite>Magazine</cite>,
and the permission granted us to reprint the <i>Word-lists</i>
therefrom.</p>

<p>In our <i>Prefaces</i> to these <i>Word-lists</i> we mentioned that we
should be very glad to receive any additions or suggestions
from those interested in the subject. The result of these
appeals has been very gratifying, not only with regard to the
actual amount of new material so obtained, but also as showing
the widespread interest felt in a branch of Wiltshire
Archæology which has hitherto been somewhat neglected,
and we gladly avail ourselves of this opportunity of repeating
our expression of thanks to all those who have so kindly
responded. To Dr. Jennings we owe an extremely lengthy
list of Malmesbury words, from which we have made
numerous extracts. We have found it of special value, as
showing the influence of Somersetshire on the vocabulary and
pronunciation of that part of the county. To Sir C. Hobhouse
we are indebted for some interesting words, amongst which
the survival of the A.S. <i>attercop</i> is well worth noting. We
have to thank Mr. W. Cunnington for assistance in many
ways, and for the loan of MSS. and books, which we have
found of great service. To Mr. J. U. Powell and Miss Kate
Smith we owe the greater part of the words marked as occurring
in the Deverill district. Mr. E. J. Tatum has given us much
help as regards local Plant-names: Miss E. Boyer-Brown,
Mr. F. M. Willis, Mr. E. Slow, Mr. James Rawlence, Mr.
F. A. Rawlence, Mr. C. E. Ponting, Mr. R. Coward, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span>
Rev. W. C. Plenderleath, Mr. Septimus Goddard, Mrs. Dartnell,
the Rev. C. Soames, and the Rev. G. Hill must also be
specially mentioned. We are indebted to Mr. W. Gale,
gardener at Clyffe Pypard Vicarage, for valuable assistance
rendered us in verifying words and reporting new ones.</p>

<p>We take this opportunity of acknowledging gratefully the
assistance which we have throughout the compilation of this
<cite>Glossary</cite> received from H. N. Goddard, Esq., of the Manor,
Clyffe Pypard, to whose wide knowledge and long experience
of Wiltshire words and ways we owe many valuable suggestions;
from the Rev. A. Smythe-Palmer, D.D., who has taken
much interest in the work, and to whose pen we owe many
notes; from Professor Skeat, who kindly gave us permission
to make use of his reprints; and last, but by no means least,
from the Rev. A. L. Mayhew, who most kindly went through
the whole MS., correcting minutely the etymologies suggested,
and adding new matter in many places.</p>

<p>In conclusion, we would say that we hope from time to
time to publish further lists of <i>Addenda</i> in the <cite>Wilts Archæological
Magazine</cite> or elsewhere, and that any additions and
suggestions will always be very welcome, however brief they
may be. The longest contributions are not always those of
most value, and it has more than once happened that words
and phrases of the greatest interest have occurred in a list
whose brevity was its only fault.</p>


<p><span class="indent1"><span class="smcap">George Edward Dartnell</span>,</span><br />
<span class="indent2"><i>Abbottsfield, Stratford Road, Salisbury</i>.</span></p>

<p><span class="indent1"><span class="smcap">Edward Hungerford Goddard</span>,</span><br />
<span class="indent2"><i>The Vicarage, Clyffe Pypard, Wootton Bassett</i>.</span></p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 center"><big>CONTENTS</big></p>


<div class="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
<tr><td class="tdl">&nbsp;</td><td class="tdr">PAGE</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#INTRODUCTION"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></a></td><td class="tdr">xiii-xix</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#A_LIST_OF_THE_PRINCIPAL_ABBREVIATIONS_USED"><span class="smcap">List of Abbreviations</span></a></td><td class="tdr">xx</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#WILTS_GLOSSARY"><span class="smcap">Glossary</span></a></td><td class="tdr">1-186</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#ADDENDA"><span class="smcap">Addenda to Glossary</span></a></td><td class="tdr">187-204</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><a href="#SPECIMENS_OF_DIALECT"><span class="smcap">Specimens of Dialect</span>:&mdash;</a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#LITTLE"><span class="smcap">Extracts from the Remains of William Little</span></a></td><td class="tdr">205-208</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#HARNET"><span class="smcap">The Harnet and the Bittle</span></a></td><td class="tdr">208-209</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#VARGESES"><span class="smcap">The Vargeses</span></a></td><td class="tdr">210</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#WIVES"><span class="smcap">Thomas's Wives</span></a></td><td class="tdr">210-211</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#MANSLAUGHTER"><span class="smcap">Manslaughter at 'Vize 'Sizes</span></a></td><td class="tdr">211</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#ETHERD"><span class="smcap">How our Etherd got the Pewresy</span></a></td><td class="tdr">211-212</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#GWOIN"><span class="smcap">Gwoin' raythur too vur wi' a Veyther</span></a></td><td class="tdr">212-213</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#NOTHEN"><span class="smcap">Nothen as I likes wusser</span></a></td><td class="tdr">213-214</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#PUTTEN"><span class="smcap">Putten' up th' Banns</span></a></td><td class="tdr">214</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#CANNINGS"><span class="smcap">The Cannings Vawk</span></a></td><td class="tdr">214-215</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#LUNNON"><span class="smcap">Lunnon avore any Wife</span></a></td><td class="tdr">215-216</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#KITCHEN"><span class="smcap">Kitchin' th' Influenzy</span></a></td><td class="tdr">216</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl"><span class="smcap">Appendices</span>:&mdash;</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#APPENDIX_I">I.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Bibliography</span></a></td><td class="tdr">217-223</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#APPENDIX_II">II.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Cunnington MS.</span></a></td><td class="tdr">224-233</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdlp"><a href="#APPENDIX_III">III.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Monthly Magazine Word-List</span></a></td><td class="tdr">234-235</td></tr>
</table></div>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xii" id="Page_xii">[xii]</a></span></p>
<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span></p>



<h2><a name="INTRODUCTION" id="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</a></h2>


<p>The following notes may perhaps serve to give some slight
indication as to pronunciation, &amp;c., but without the aid of
Glossic it is impossible accurately to reproduce the actual
sounds.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>A</i> is usually lengthened out or broadened in some way or
other.</p>

<p>Thus in <i>hazon</i> and <i>haslet</i> it would be pronounced somewhat
as in <i>baa</i>, this being no doubt what the <cite>Monthly Magazine</cite>
means by saying that '<i>a</i> is always pronounced as <i>r</i>.'</p>

<p>When <i>a</i> is immediately followed by <i>r</i>, as in <i>ha'sh</i>, harsh, and
<i>paa'son</i>, parson, the result is that the <i>r</i> appears to be altogether
dropped out of the word.</p>

<p><i>Aw</i> final always becomes <i>aa</i>, as <i>laa</i>, law, <i>draa</i>, draw, <i>thaa</i>,
thaw.</p>

<p>In <i>saace</i>, sauce, <i>au</i> becomes <i>aa</i>.</p>

<p><i>A</i> is also broadened into <i>eä</i>.</p>

<p>Thus <i>garden</i>, <i>gate</i>, and <i>name</i> become <i>geärden</i>, <i>geät</i>, and <i>neäme</i>.</p>

<p>These examples may, however, be also pronounced in other
ways, even in the same sentence, as <i>garne</i>, <i>y&#259;t</i>, and <i>naayme</i>, or
often <i>ne-um</i>.</p>

<p><i>A</i> is often softened in various ways.</p>

<p>Thus, <i>thrash</i> becomes <i>draish</i>, and <i>wash</i>, <i>waish</i> or <i>weish</i>.</p>

<p>It is often changed to <i>o</i>, as <i>zot</i>, sat, <i>ronk</i>, rank.</p>

<p>Also to <i>e</i>, as <i>piller</i>, pillar, <i>refter</i>, rafter, <i>pert</i>, part.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span></p>

<p>In <i>vur</i>, far, the sound is <i>u</i> rather than <i>e</i>.</p>

<p>The North Wilts version of the <cite>Song of Solomon</cite> gives frequent
examples of <i>oi</i> for <i>ai</i>, as <i>choir</i>, chair, <i>foir</i>, fair, <i>moyden</i>,
maiden; but this is probably an imported letter-change, <i>chayer</i>
or <i>chai-yer</i>, for instance, being nearer the true sound.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>E</i> is often broadened into <i>aa</i> or <i>aay</i>.</p>

<p>Thus <i>they</i> gives us <i>thaay</i>, and <i>break</i>, <i>braayke</i>.</p>

<p>In <i>marchant</i>, merchant, and <i>zartin</i>, certain, the sound given
is as in <i>tar</i>.</p>

<p><i>Ei</i> takes the sound of <i>a</i> in <i>fate</i>, as <i>desave</i>, deceive.</p>

<p><i>Left</i>, <i>smell</i>, and <i>kettle</i> become <i>lift</i>, <i>smill</i>, and <i>kiddle</i>.</p>

<p>In South Wilts <i>&#277;</i> in such words as <i>egg</i> or <i>leg</i> becomes <i>a</i> or <i>ai</i>,
giving us <i>aig</i> and <i>laig</i> or <i>l&#259;g</i>. Thus a Heytesbury Rosalind
would render&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'O Jupiter, how weary are my legs!'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p>by 'O-my-poor-vit'n-laigs!' uttered all in one gasp. In
N. Wilts the <i>e</i> in these words is not perceptibly so altered.</p>

<p>The <i>&#277;</i> in such words as <i>linnet</i> usually takes the <i>u</i> sound,
giving us <i>linnut</i>. In <i>yes</i> it is lengthened out into <i>eece</i> in
S. Wilts, and in N. Wilts into <i>cez</i>.</p>

<p>Long <i>e</i> or <i>ee</i> is shortened into <i>i</i>, as <i>ship</i>, sheep, <i>kippur</i>, keeper,
<i>wick</i>, week, <i>fit</i>, <i>vit</i>, feet, the latter word sometimes being also
pronounced as <i>ve-ut</i>.</p>

<p><i>Heat</i> becomes <i>het</i>, and <i>heater</i> (a flat-iron), <i>hetter</i>; while <i>hear</i> is
usually <i>hire</i> in N. Wilts.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>I</i> short becomes <i>e</i>, as <i>breng</i>, bring, <i>drenk</i>, drink, <i>zet</i>, sit, <i>pegs</i>,
pigs.</p>

<p>Occasionally it is lengthened into <i>ee</i>, as <i>leetle</i>, little.</p>

<p>In <i>hit</i> (<i>pret.</i>) and <i>if</i> it usually takes the sound of <i>u</i>, as <i>hut</i>
and <i>uf</i> or <i>uv</i>; but <i>hit</i> in the present tense is <i>het</i>, and <i>if</i> is often
sounded as <i>ef</i> in N. Wilts.</p>

<p>At the beginning of a word, <i>im</i>, <i>in</i>, and <i>un</i> usually become
<i>on</i>, as <i>onpossible</i>, <i>ondacent</i>, <i>oncommon</i>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span></p>

<p>In present participles the sound given varies between <i>un'</i>,
<i>en'</i>, and <i>in'</i>, the <i>g</i> almost invariably being dropped.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>O</i> very commonly becomes <i>a</i>, as <i>archet</i>, orchard, <i>tharn</i>, thorn,
<i>vant</i>, font, <i>vram</i>, from, <i>carn</i>, corn.</p>

<p>Quite as commonly it takes the <i>au</i> or <i>aw</i> sound, as <i>hawp</i>,
hope, <i>aupen</i>, open, <i>cawls</i>, coals, <i>hawle</i>, hole, <i>smawk</i>, smoke.</p>

<p>In such words as <i>cold</i> and <i>four</i>, the sound is <i>ow</i> rather than
<i>aw</i>, thus giving us <i>cowld</i> and <i>vower</i>.</p>

<p><i>Moss</i> in S. Wilts sometimes takes the long <i>e</i>, becoming <i>m&#275;sh</i>,
while in N. Wilts it would merely be <i>mawss</i>.</p>

<p><i>Know</i> becomes either <i>knaw</i> or <i>kneow</i>.</p>

<p><i>O</i> is often sounded <i>oo</i>, as <i>goold</i>, gold, <i>cwoort</i>, court, <i>mwoor'n</i>
or <i>moor'n</i>, more than, <i>poorch</i>, porch.</p>

<p><i>Oo</i> is sometimes shortened into <i>&#365;</i>, as <i>shut</i>, shoot, <i>sut</i>, soot,
<i>tuk</i>, took.</p>

<p>Very commonly the sound given to <i>&#333;</i> is <i>wo</i> or <i>woä</i>. Thus
we get <i>twoad</i>, toad (sometimes <i>twoad</i>), <i>pwoast</i>, post, <i>bwoy</i>, boy,
<i>rwoäs</i>, a rose, <i>bwoän</i>, bone, <i>spwoke</i> (but more usually <i>spawk</i> in
N. Wilts), spoke.</p>

<p><i>Oa</i> at the beginning of a word becomes <i>wu</i>, as <i>wuts</i>, oats.</p>

<p><i>Oi</i> in <i>noise</i> and <i>rejoice</i> is sounded as <i>ai</i>.</p>

<p>In <i>ointment</i> and <i>spoil</i> it becomes <i>&#299;</i> or <i>w&#299;</i>, giving <i>intment</i> and
<i>spile</i> or <i>spwile</i>.</p>

<p><i>Ow</i> takes the sound of <i>er</i> or <i>y</i>, in some form or other, as
<i>vollur</i> and <i>volly</i>, to follow, <i>winder</i> and <i>windy</i>, a window.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>U</i> in such words as <i>fusty</i> and <i>dust</i> becomes <i>ow</i>, as <i>fowsty</i>,
<i>dowst</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>D</i> when <ins title="Note: original shows 'followed'">preceded</ins> by a liquid is often dropped, as <i>veel'</i>, field,
<i>vine</i>, to find, <i>dreshol</i>, threshold, <i>groun'</i>, ground.</p>

<p>Conversely, it is added to such words as <i>miller</i>, <i>gown</i>, <i>swoon</i>,
which become <i>millard</i>, <i>gownd</i>, and <i>zownd</i>.</p>

<p>In <i>orchard</i> and <i>Richard</i> the <i>d</i> becomes <i>t</i>, giving us <i>archet</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span>
and <i>Richut</i> or <i>Rich't</i>; while occasionally <i>t</i> becomes <i>d</i>, <i>linnet</i>
being formerly (but not now) thus pronounced as <i>linnard</i>
in N. Wilts.</p>

<p><i>D</i> is dropped when it follows <i>n</i>, in such cases as <i>Swinnun</i>,
Swindon, <i>Lunnon</i>, London.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>Su</i> sometimes becomes <i>Shu</i>, as <i>Shusan</i>, Susan, <i>shoot</i>, suit,
<i>shewut</i>, suet, <i>shower</i>, sure, <i>Shukey</i>, Sukey.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>Y</i> is used as an aspirate in <i>yacker</i>, acre, <i>yarm</i>, arm, <i>yeppern</i>,
apron, <i>yerriwig</i>, earwig. It takes the place of <i>h</i> in <i>yeäd</i>, head,
<i>yeldin</i>, a hilding; and of <i>g</i> in <i>yeat</i> or <i>yat</i>, a gate.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Consonants are often substituted, <i>chimney</i> becoming <i>chimbley</i>
or <i>chimley</i>, <i>parsnip</i>, <i>pasmet</i>, and <i>turnip</i>, <i>turmut</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Transpositions are very common, many of them of course
representing the older form of a word. For examples we may
take <i>ax</i>, to ask, <i>apern</i>, apron, <i>girt</i>, great, <i>wopse</i>, wasp, <i>aps</i>, the
aspen, <i>claps</i>, to clasp, <i>cruds</i>, curds, <i>childern</i>, children.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>F</i> almost invariably becomes <i>v</i>, as <i>vlower</i>, flower, <i>vox</i>, fox,
<i>vur</i>, far, <i>vall</i>, fall, <i>vlick</i>, flick, <i>vant</i>, font.</p>

<p>In such words as <i>afterclaps</i> and <i>afternoon</i> it is not sounded
at all.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>L</i> is not sounded in such words as <i>amwoast</i>, almost, and
<i>a'mighty</i>, almighty.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>N</i> final is occasionally dropped, as <i>lime-kill</i>, lime-kiln.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>P</i>, <i>F</i>, <i>V</i>, and <i>B</i> are frequently interchanged, <i>brevet</i> and <i>privet</i>
being forms of the same word, while to <i>bag</i> peas becomes <i>fag</i>
or <i>vag</i> when applied to wheat.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>R</i> is slurred over in many cases, as <i>e'ath</i>, earth, <i>foc'd</i>, forced,
<i>ma'sh</i>, marsh, <i>vwo'th</i>, forth.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span></p>

<p>It often assumes an excrescent <i>d</i> or <i>t</i>, as <i>cavaltry</i>, horsemen,
<i>crockerty</i>, crockery, <i>scholard</i>, scholar.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>H</i> has the sound of <i>wh</i> in <i>whoam</i>, home. This word,
however, as Mr. Slow points out in the Preface to his
Glossary&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p><i>Bob.</i> Drat if I dwon't goo <i>wom</i> to marrer.</p>

<p><i>Zam.</i> Wat's evir waant ta go <i>wimm</i> var.</p>

<p><i>Bob.</i> Why, they tell's I as ow Bet Stingymir is gwain to be caal'd
<i>whoam</i> to Jim Spritely on Zundy.&mdash;</p></blockquote>

<p>is variously pronounced as <i>wom</i>, <i>wimm</i>, and <i>whoam</i>, even in the
same village.</p>

<p>As stated at page 72, the cockney misuse of <i>h</i> is essentially
foreign to our dialect. It was virtually unknown sixty or
seventy years ago, and even so late as thirty years back was
still unusual in our villages. <i>Hunked</i> for <i>unked</i> is almost the
only instance to be found in Akerman, for instance. But the
plague is already fast spreading, and we fear that the Catullus
of the next generation will have to liken the Hodge of his day
to the Arrius (the Roman 'Arry) of old:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">C<i>h</i>ommoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Dicere, et <i>h</i>insidias Arrius insidias ...<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Ionios fluctus, postquam illuc Arrius isset,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Iam non Ionios esse, sed <i>H</i>ionios.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p>Touching this point the Rev. G. Hill writes us from Harnham
Vicarage as follows:&mdash;'I should like to bear out what you
say with regard to the use of the letter <i>h</i> in South-West Wilts.
When I lived in these parts twenty years ago, its omission was
not I think frequent. The putting it where it ought not to
be did not I think exist. I find now that the <i>h</i> is invariably
dropped, and occasionally added, the latter habit being that of
the better educated.'</p>

<p><i>H</i> becomes <i>y</i> in <i>yeäd</i>, head.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>K</i> is often converted into <i>t</i>, as <i>ast</i>, to ask, <i>mast</i>, a mask, <i>bleat</i>,
bleak.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span></p>

<p><i>T</i> is conversely often replaced by <i>k</i>, as <i>masking</i>, acorn-gathering,
from 'mast,' while sleet becomes <i>sleek</i>, and pant,
<i>pank</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>S</i> usually takes the sound of <i>z</i>, as <i>zee</i>, to see, <i>zaa</i>, a saw,
<i>zowl</i>, soul, <i>zaat</i> or <i>zate</i>, soft, <i>zider</i>, cider, <i>zound</i>, to swoon.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>Thr</i> usually becomes <i>dr</i>, as <i>dree</i>, three, <i>droo</i>, through, <i>draish</i>,
to thrash.</p>

<p>In <i>afurst</i>, athirst, and <i>fust</i>, thirst, we still retain a very
ancient characteristic of Southern English.</p>

<p><i>T</i> is always dropped in such words as <i>kept</i> and <i>slept</i>, which
become <i>kep'</i> and <i>slep'</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Liquids sometimes drop the next letter, as <i>kill</i>, kiln; but
more usually take an excrescent <i>t</i> or <i>d</i>, as <i>varmint</i>, vermin,
<i>steart</i>, a steer, <i>gownd</i>, gown.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>W</i> as an initial is generally dropped in N. Wilts in such
cases as <i>'oont</i>, a want or mole, <i>'ooman</i>, woman, <i>'ood</i>, wood.</p>

<p>Occasionally in S. Wilts it takes the aspirate, <i>'ood</i> being
then <i>hood</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Final <i>g</i> is always dropped in the present participle, as <i>singin'</i>,
<i>livin'</i>, living; also in nouns of more than one syllable which end
in <i>ing</i>. It is, however, retained in monosyllabic nouns and
verbs, such as <i>ring</i> and <i>sing</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>Pre</i> becomes <i>pur</i>, as <i>purtend</i>, pretend, <i>purserve</i>, preserve.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Sometimes a monosyllabic word will be pronounced as a
dissyllable, as we have already mentioned, <i>ne-um</i>, <i>ve-ut</i>, <i>ve-us</i>,
and <i>ke-up</i> being used concurrently with <i>naayme</i>, <i>vit</i> or <i>fit</i>, <i>veäce</i>,
and <i>kip</i> or <i>keep</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>The prefix <i>a</i> is always used with the present participle, as
<i>a-gwain'</i>, going, <i>a-zettin' up</i>, sitting up.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span></p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>The article <i>an</i> is never used, a doing duty on all occasions,
as 'Gie I a apple, veyther.'</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Plurals will be found to be dealt with in the <cite>Glossary</cite> itself,
under <i>En</i> and <i>Plurals</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Pronouns will also be found grouped together under
<i>Pronouns</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p><i>As</i> is used for <i>who</i>, <i>which</i>, and <i>that</i>.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Active verbs govern the nominative case.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>Verbs do not agree with their nominative, either in number
or person.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>The periphrastic tenses are often used in S. Wilts, as 'I do
mind un,' but in N. Wilts the rule is to employ the simple
tenses instead, merely altering the person, as 'I minds un.' In
S. Wilts you might also say 'It be a vine night,' whereas in
N. Wilts ''Tes a vine night' would be more correct.</p>

<hr class="r15" />

<p>In conclusion we would mention that we hope in the course
of the next year or two to be able to deal with the grammatical
and phonological sides of our Dialect in a somewhat more
adequate manner than it has been possible to do on the
present occasion.</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xx" id="Page_xx">[xx]</a></span></p>


<h2><a name="A_LIST_OF_THE_PRINCIPAL_ABBREVIATIONS_USED" id="A_LIST_OF_THE_PRINCIPAL_ABBREVIATIONS_USED">A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS USED.</a></h2>

<p class="center">[For full titles of works see Appendix.]</p>


<div class="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Abbreviations">
<tr><td class="tdl">(A.)</td><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Words given for Wilts in</td><td class="tdl">Akerman.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(B.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Britton.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(C.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Cunnington MS.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(D.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Davis.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(G.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Grose.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(H.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Halliwell.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(K.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Kennett.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(M.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Monthly Magazine.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(S.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Slow.</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tdl">(Wr.)</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdc">"</td><td class="tdl">Wright.</td></tr>
</table></div>

<blockquote>

<p class="hang">N. &amp; S.W. North and South Wilts, the place-names following
being those of localities where the word is reported as
being in use.</p>

<p class="hang">* An asterisk denotes that the word against which it is
placed has not as yet been met with by ourselves in this
county, although given by some authority or other as
used in Wilts.</p></blockquote>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>


<h2><a name="WILTS_GLOSSARY" id="WILTS_GLOSSARY">WILTS GLOSSARY</a></h2>


<p class="hang"><b>A</b>. He; she. See <small>Pronouns</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>A</b>, pl. <b>As</b> or <b>Ais</b>. <i>n.</i> A harrow or drag (D.); probably from
A.S. <i>egethe</i>, M.E. <i>eythe</i>, a harrow (Skeat).&mdash;S.W., obsolete.
This term for a harrow was still occasionally to
be heard some thirty years ago, in both Somerset and
Wilts, but is now disused. Davis derives it from the
triangular shape of the drag, resembling the letter A.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>A-Drag</b>. A large heavy kind of drag (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>). Still
used in South Wilts for harrowing turnips before the hoers
go in.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Abear</b>. To bear, to endure (S.). 'I can't abear to see the
poor theng killed.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Abide</b>. To bear, to endure. 'I can't abide un nohow.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>About</b>. (1) <i>adv.</i> Extremely. Used to emphasize a statement,
as ''T'wer just about cold s'marnin'.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) At one's ordinary work again, after an illness. 'My
missus were bad aal last wick wi' rheumatiz, but she be
about agen now.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Acksen</b>. See <small>Axen</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Adder's-tongue</b>. <i>Listera ovata</i>, Br., Twayblade.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Adderwort</b>. <i>Polygonum Bistorta</i>, L., Bistort.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury,
&amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Afeard</b>, <b>Aveard</b>. Afraid (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Agalds</b>. Hawthorn berries. (<cite>English Plant Names.</cite>) <i>Aggles</i>
in Devon.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Agg</b>. (1) To hack or cut clumsily (A.B.H.S.Wr.); also
<small>Aggle</small> and <small>Haggle</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) To irritate, to provoke.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ahmoo</b>. A cow; used by mothers to children, as 'Look at
they pretty ahmoos a-comin'!'&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ailes</b>, <b>Eyles</b>, <b>Iles</b>, &amp;c. The awns of barley (D.); cf. A.S. <i>egle</i>,
an ear of corn, M.E. <i>eile</i>. Hail in <cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. i.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Aisles of wheat</b>. See <small>Hyle</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>All-a-hoh</b>. All awry (A.B.C.H.Wr.); also <small>All-a-huh</small>. Unevenly
balanced, lop-sided. A.S. <i>awóh</i>. 'That load o' carn
be aal-a-hoh.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>All-amang</b>, <b>Allemang</b>, <b>All-o-mong</b>. Mingled together, as when
two flocks of sheep are accidentally driven together and
mixed up (A.B.G.H.S.Wr.). Seldom heard now.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>All one as</b>. Just like. 'I be 'tirely blowed up all one as
a drum.'&mdash;N.W. Compare&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">''Twere all as one to fix our hopes on Heaven<br /></span>
<span class="i0">As on this vision of the golden year.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tennyson.</span><br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>All one for that</b>. For all that, notwithstanding, in spite of,
as 'It medn't be true all one for that.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Aloud</b>. 'That there meat stinks aloud,' smells very bad.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>A-masked</b>. Bewildered, lost (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite>, in a letter
dated 1697: H.Wr.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="center">
'Leaving him more masked than he was before.'</p>

<p class="signature"><span class="smcap">Fuller</span>'s <cite>Holy War</cite>, iii. 2.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ameäd</b>. Aftermath. See note to Yeomath.&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Anan</b>, <b>'Nan</b>. What do you say? (A.B.); used by a labourer
who does not quite comprehend his master's orders. <b>'Nan</b>
(A.B.) is still occasionally used in N. Wilts, but it is almost
obsolete.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Anbye</b>. <i>adv.</i> Some time hence, presently, at some future
time. 'I be main busy now, but I'll do't anbye.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Anchor</b>. The chape of a buckle (A.B.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>And that</b>. And all that sort of thing, and so forth. 'Well,
he <em>do</em> have a drop tide-times and that.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Aneoust</b>, <b>Aneust</b>, <b>Anoust</b>, <b>Neust</b>, or <b>Noust</b>. Nearly, about
the same (A.B.G.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Anighst</b>. Near (A.S.). 'Nobody's bin anighst us since you
come.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Anneal</b>. A thoroughly heated oven, just fit for the batch
of bread to be put in, is said to be nealded, i.e. annealed.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Anoint</b>, <b>'Nint</b> (i long). To beat soundly. 'I'll 'nint ye when
I gets home!' See <small>Nineter</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Anont</b>, <b>Anunt</b>. Against, opposite (A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Any more than</b>. Except, although, only. 'He's sure to come
any more than he might be a bit late.' Usually contracted
into <small>Moor'n</small> in N. Wilts.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Apple-bout</b>. An apple-dumpling. (Cf. <small>Hop-about</small>.)&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Apple-owling</b>. Knocking down the small worthless fruit,
or 'griggles,' left on the trees after the apple crop has been
gathered in. See <small>Howlers</small>, <small>Owlers</small>, and <small>Owling</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Aps</b>. <i>Populus tremula</i>, L., Aspen; always so called by woodmen.
This is the oldest form of the word, being from A.S.
<i>æps</i>, and is in use throughout the south and west of England.
In <cite>Round About a Great Estate</cite>, ch. i. it is misprinted <i>asp</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Arg</b>. To argue, with a very strong sense of contradiction
implied (S.). 'Dwoan't 'ee arg at I like that! I tell 'ee I
zeed 'un!' See <small>Down-arg</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Arms</b>. 'The arms of a waggon,' such parts of the axle-tree
as go into the wheels (<cite>Cycl. of Agric.</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Arra</b>, <b>Arra one</b>, <b>Arn</b>. See <small>Pronouns</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Array</b>, <b>'Ray</b>. To dress and clean corn with a sieve (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Arsmart</b>. <i>Polygonum Hydropiper</i>, L., and <i>P. Persicaria</i>, L.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ashore</b>, <b>Ashar</b>, <b>Ashard</b>. Ajar. 'Put the door ashard when
you goes out.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ashweed</b>. <i>Aegopodium Podagraria</i>, L., Goutweed.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Astore</b>. An expletive, as 'she's gone into the street <i>astore</i>'
(H.). Perhaps connected with <i>astoor</i>, very soon, Berks, or
<i>astore</i>, Hants:&mdash;</p>

<p class="center">
'The duck's [dusk] coming on; I'll be off in <i>astore</i>.'<br />
</p>

<p class="signature">
<cite>A Dream of the Isle of Wight.</cite><br />
</p>

<p class="ind2">It might then mean either 'this moment' or 'for a moment.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>At</b>. (1) 'At twice,' at two separate times. 'We'll ha' to
vetch un at twice now.'&mdash;N.W. (2) 'Up at hill,' uphill.
'Th' rwoad be all up at hill.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Athin</b>. Within (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Athout</b>. Without; outside (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Attercop</b>. A spider. A.S. <i>atter-coppa</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Monkton
Farleigh), still in use. Mr. Willis mentions that <i>Edderkop</i>
is still to be heard in Denmark.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Attery</b>. Irascible (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Away with</b>. Endure. This Biblical expression is still commonly
used in Wilts. 'Her's that weak her can't away
with the childern at no rate!'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ax</b>. To ask (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Axen</b>. Ashes (A.B.); <b>Acksen</b> (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite>: G.H.Wr.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Babies'-shoes</b>. <i>Ajuga reptans</i>, L., Common Bugle.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bachelor's Buttons</b>. (1) Wild Scabious (A.B.), <i>Scabiosa
arvensis</i>, L., <i>S. Columbaria</i>, L., and perhaps <i>S. succisa</i>, L.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>Corchorus Japonica</i> (<i>Kerria Japonica</i>, L.).&mdash;N.W.
(Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Back-friends</b>. Bits of skin fretted up at the base of the
finger-nails.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Backheave</b>. To winnow a second time (D.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Backside</b>. The back-yard of a house (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.,
now obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Backsword</b>. A kind of single-stick play (A.H.Wr.). Obsolete,
the game being only remembered by the very old men.
For an account of it see <cite>The Scouring of the White Horse</cite>,
ch. vi.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bacon</b>. To 'strick bacon,' to cut a mark on the ice in sliding;
cf. to strike a 'candle.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bacon-and-Eggs</b>. <i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, Mill., Yellow Toadflax.
Also called Eggs-and-Bacon.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bad, Bod</b>. To strip walnuts of their husks (A.B.H.Wr.);
cf. E. <i>pod</i>.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Badge</b>. <i>v.</i> To deal in corn, &amp;c. See <small>Badger</small>.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1576. Md. that I take order of the Badgers that they do name the
places where the Badgers do use to badge before they resieve their
lycens.... Md. to make pces [process] against all the Badgers that
doe badge without licence.'&mdash;Extracts from Records of Wilts Quarter
Sessions, <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xx. 327.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Badger</b>. A corn-dealer (A.B.); used frequently in old accounts
in N. Wilts, but now obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1620. Itm for stayeinge Badgers &amp; keepinge a note of there names
viijd.'&mdash;F. H. Goldney, <cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, p. 202.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Compare <i>bodger</i>, a travelling dealer (Harrison's <cite>Description of
England</cite>, 1577), and <i>bogging</i>, peddling, in Murray. (Smythe-Palmer).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bag</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To cut peas with a double-handed hook. Cf. <small>Vag</small>.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They cannot mow it with a sythe, but they cutt it with such a
hooke as they bagge pease with.'&mdash;Aubrey, <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 51, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> The udder of a cow (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bake, Beak</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To chop up with a mattock the rough
surface of land that is to be reclaimed, afterwards burning
the parings (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii). See <small>Burn-beak</small>.
*(2) <i>n.</i> The curved cutting mattock used in 'beaking' (<i>Ibid.</i>
ch. xii). (3) <i>n.</i> The ploughed land lying on the plat of the
downs near Heytesbury, in Norton Bavant parish, is usually
known as the <small>Beäk</small>, or <small>Bake</small>, probably from having been thus
reclaimed. In the Deverills parts of many of the down
farms are known as the <small>Bake</small>, or, more usually, the <small>Burn-bake</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bake-faggot</b>. A rissole of chopped pig's-liver and seasoning,
covered with 'flare.' See <small>Faggot</small> (2).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ballarag, Bullyrag</b>. To abuse or scold at any one (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Balm of Gilead</b>. <i>Melittis Melissophyllum</i>, L., Wild Balm.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bams</b>. Rough gaiters of pieces of cloth wound about the legs,
much used by shepherds and others exposed to cold weather.
Cf. <small>Vamplets</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The old man ... had bams on his legs and a sack fastened over
his shoulders like a shawl.'&mdash;<cite>The Story of Dick</cite>, ch. xii. p. 141.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bandy</b>. (1) A species of Hockey, played with <i>bandy sticks</i>
and a ball or piece of wood.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) A crooked
stick (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bane</b>. Sheep-rot (D.). <small>Baned.</small> Of sheep, afflicted with rot
(A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bang-tail</b>, or <b>Red Fiery Bang-tail</b>. <i>Phoenicurus ruticilla</i>, the
Redstart.&mdash;N.W. (Wroughton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bannet-hay</b>. A rick-yard (H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bannis</b>. <i>Gasterosteus trachurus</i>, the Common Stickleback
(A.B.H.Wr.). Also <small>Bannistickle</small> (A.B.), <small>Bantickle</small> (A.Wr.),
and *<small>Bramstickle</small> (S.). 'Asperagus (<i>quoedam piscis</i>) a ban-stykyll.'&mdash;<cite>Ortus
Vocab.</cite> A.S. <i>bán</i>, bone, and <i>sticels</i>, prickle.
(See N.E.D.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bannut</b>. Fruit of <i>Juglans regia</i>, L., the Walnut (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bantickle</b>. See <small>Bannis</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Barber's Brushes</b>. <i>Dipsacus sylvestris</i>, L., Wild Teasel
(Flower's <cite>Flora of Wilts</cite>). Also Brushes.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bargain</b>. A small landed property or holding. 'They have
always been connected with that little bargain of land.'&mdash;N.W.,
still in use. Sir W. H. Cope, in his <cite>Hants Glossary</cite>,
gives '<i>Bargan</i>, a small property; a house and garden;
a small piece of land,' as used in N. Hants.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barge</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The gable of a house. Compare architectural
<i>Barge-boards</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) (2) <i>v.</i> Before a
hedge can be 'laid,' all its side, as well as the rough thorns,
brambles, &amp;c., growing in the ditch, must be cut off. This
is called 'barging out' the ditch.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barge-hook</b>. The iron hook used by thatchers to fasten the
straw to the woodwork of the gable.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barge-knife</b>. The knife used by thatchers in trimming off
the straw round the eaves of the gable.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bargin</b>. The overgrowth of a hedge, trimmed off before 'laying.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barken</b>. The enclosed yard near a farm-house (A.B.); <small>Rick-Barken</small>,
a rick-yard (A.), also used without prefix in this
sense (<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 121).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Barken, or Bercen, now commonly used for a yard or backside in
Wilts ... first signified the small croft or close where the sheep were
brought up at night, and secured from danger of the open fields.'&mdash;Kennett's
<cite>Parochial Antiquities</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2"><small>Barton</small> was formerly in very common use, but has now been
displaced by <i>Yard</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Barley-bigg</b>. A variety of barley (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>,
p. 304).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Barley-Sower</b>. <i>Larus canus</i>, the Common Gull (<cite>Birds of
Wilts</cite>, p. 534).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barm</b>. The usual Wilts term for yeast (A.B.M.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Barn-barley</b>. Barley which has never been in rick, but has
been kept under cover from the first, and is therefore perfectly
dry and of high value for malting purposes (<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. viii. p. 152).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Basket</b>. In some parts of S. Wilts potatoes are sold by the
'basket,' or three-peck measure, instead of by the 'sack' or
the 'bag.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Baskets</b>. <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, L., Ribwort Plantain.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bat-folding net</b>. The net used in 'bird-batting,' q.v. (A.):
more usually 'clap-net.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bat-mouse</b>. The usual N. Wilts term for a bat.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Batt</b>. A thin kind of oven-cake, about as thick as a tea-cake,
but mostly crust.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Battledore-barley</b>. A flat-eared variety of barley (Aubrey's
<cite>Wilts MS.</cite>, p. 304: H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Baulk</b>. (1) <small>Corn-baulk.</small> When a 'land' has been accidentally
passed over in sowing, the bare space is a 'baulk,'
and is considered as a presage of some misfortune.&mdash;N.W.
(2) A line of turf dividing a field.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The strips [in a "common field"] are marked off from one another,
not by hedge or wall, but by a simple grass path, a foot or so wide,
which they call "balks" or "meres."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xvii. 294.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bavin</b>. An untrimmed brushwood faggot (A.B.S.): the long
ragged faggot with two withes, used for fencing in the sides
of sheds and yards; sometimes also applied to the ordinary
faggot with one withe or band.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bawsy</b>, <b>Borsy</b>, or <b>Bozzy</b>. Coarse, as applied to the fibre of
cloth or wool. 'Bozzy-faced cloth bain't good enough vor I.'&mdash;S.W.
(Trowbridge, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bay</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A dam across a stream or ditch.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> 'To bay back water,' to dam it back.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>n.</i> The space between beam and beam in a barn or
cows' stalls.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Beads</b>. <i>Sagina procumbens</i>, L., Pearlwort.&mdash;N.W. (Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Beak</b>. See <small>Bake</small> and <small>Burn-bake</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bearsfoot</b>. Hellebore.&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Beat</b>. 'To beat clots,' to break up the hard dry lumps of old
cow-dung lying about in a pasture.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Becall</b>. To abuse, to call names. 'Her do becall I shameful.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bed-summers</b>. See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bedwind</b>, <b>Bedwine</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bee-flower</b>. <i>Ophrys apifera</i>, Huds., Bee Orchis.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bee-pot</b>. A bee-hive.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Lore ta zee zom on'ms hair,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Like girt bee pots a hanging there.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Slow's</span> <cite>Poems</cite>, p. 43.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Been</b>, <b>Bin</b>. Because, since; a corruption of <i>being</i> (B.S.). 'Bin
as he don't go, I won't.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bees</b>. A hive is a <small>Bee-pot</small>. <small>Bee-flowers</small> are those purposely
grown near an apiary, as sources of honey. Of swarms, only
the first is a <small>Swarm</small>, the second being a <small>Smart</small>, and the third
a <small>Chit</small>. To follow a swarm, beating a tin pan, is <small>Ringing</small>
or <small>Tanging</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Beet</b>. To make up a fire (A.B.C.G.). A.S. <i>bétan</i>, to better;
to mend a fire (Skeat).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Beetle</b>. (1) The heavy double-handed wooden mallet used in
driving in posts, wedges, &amp;c. <small>Bittle</small> (A.H.). <small>Bwytle</small> (S.).
Also <small>Bwoitle</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'On another [occasion] (2nd July, 25 Hen. VIII) ... William
Seyman was surety ... for the re-delivery of the tools, "cuncta
instrumenta videlicet Beetyll, Ax, Matock, and Showlys."'&mdash;<cite>Stray
Notes from the Marlborough Court Books</cite>, <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xix. 78.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) The small mallet with which thatchers drive home their
'spars.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Beggar-weed</b>. <i>Cuscuta Trifolii</i>, Bab., Dodder; from its
destructiveness to clover, &amp;c. (<cite>English Plant Names</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bellock</b>. (1) To cry like a beaten or frightened child (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.,
rarely. (2) To complain, to grumble (<cite>Dark</cite>, ch.
x.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Belly vengeance</b>. Very small and bad beer.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Beer of the <em>very smallest</em> description, real "belly vengeance."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 40.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Cf.:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I thought you wouldn't appreciate the widow's tap.... Regular
whistle-belly vengeance, and no mistake!'&mdash;<cite>Tom Brown at Oxford</cite>, xl.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Belt</b>. To trim away the dirty wool from a sheep's hind-quarters.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bennet</b>. <i>v.</i> Of wood-pigeons, to feed on bennets (A.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They have an old rhyme in Wiltshire&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">"Pigeons never know no woe<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Till they a-benetting do go;"<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p>meaning that pigeons at this time are compelled to feed on the seed
of the bent, the stubbles being cleared, and the crops not ripe.'&mdash;<cite>Akerman.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bennets</b>, <b>Bents</b>. (1) Long coarse grass or rushes (B.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) Seed-stalks of various grasses (A.); used of both
withered stalks of coarse grasses and growing heads of cat's-tail,
&amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) Seed-heads of Plantain, <i>Plantago
major</i>, L., and <i>P. lanceolata</i>, L.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bents</b>. See <small>Bennets</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bercen</b> (<i>c</i> hard). See <small>Barken</small>. 'This form of the word is given
in <cite>MS. Gough</cite>, <i>Wilts</i>, 5, as current in Wilts' (H.K.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Berry</b>. The grain of wheat (D.); as 'There's a very good berry
to-year,' or 'The wheat's well-berried,' or the reverse. See
<cite>Old Country Words</cite>, ii. and v.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Berry-moucher</b>. (1) A truant. See <small>Blackberry-moucher</small>
and <small>Moucher</small> (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Fruit of <i>Rubus fruticosus</i>,
L., Blackberry. See <small>Moochers</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)
Originally applied to children who went mouching from
school in blackberry season, and widely used in this sense,
but at Huish&mdash;and occasionally elsewhere&mdash;virtually confined
to the berries themselves: often corrupted into <small>Penny-moucher</small>
or <small>Perry-moucher</small> by children. In <cite>English Plant
Names</cite> Mochars, <cite>Glouc.</cite>, and Mushes, <cite>Dev.</cite>, are quoted as
being similarly applied to the fruit, which is also known as
Mooches in the Forest of Dean. See Hal., sub. <cite>Mich.</cite></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Besepts</b>. Except.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Here's my yeppurn they've a'bin and scarched, and I've a-got narra
'nother 'gin Zunday besepts this!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 138.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Besom</b>, <b>Beesom</b>, <b>Bissom</b>, &amp;c. A birch broom (A.B.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Betwit</b>. To upbraid (A.B.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bide</b>. (1) To stay, remain (A.S.). 'Bide still, will 'ee.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) To dwell (A.). 'Where do 'ee bide now,
Bill?' 'Most-in-general at 'Vize.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bill Button</b>. <i>Geum rivale</i>, L., Water Avens.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bin</b>. See <small>Been</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird-batting</b>. Netting birds at night with a 'bat-folding' or
clap-net (A.B., Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 15, ed. Brit.).
Bird-battenen (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird's-eye</b>. (1) <i>Veronica Chamaedrys</i>, L., Germander Speedwell.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Anagallis arvensis</i>, L., Scarlet
Pimpernel.&mdash;S.W. (3) <i>Veronica officinalis</i>, L., Common
Speedwell.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird's-nest</b>. The seed-head of Daucus Carota, L., Wild Carrot.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The flower of the wild carrot gathers together as the seeds mature,
and forms a framework cup at the top of the stalk, like a bird's-nest.
These "bird's-nests," brown and weather-beaten, endured far into the
winter.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. vii. p. 137.</p>

<p>'The whole tuft is drawn together when the seed is ripe, resembling
a bird's nest.'&mdash;<cite>Gerarde.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird-seed</b>. Seed-heads of Plantain.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird-squoilin</b>. See <small>Squail</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird-starving</b>. Bird-keeping.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This we call bird-keeping, but the lads themselves, with an appreciation
of the other side of the case, call it "bird-starving."'&mdash;<cite>Village
Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Birds'-wedding-day</b>. St. Valentine's Day.&mdash;S.W. (Bishopstone.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bishop-wort</b>. <i>Mentha aquatica</i>, L., Hairy Mint.&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bissom</b>. See <small>Besom</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bittish</b>. <i>adj.</i> Somewhat. ''Twer a bittish cowld isterday.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bittle</b>. See <small>Beetle</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Biver</b>. To tremble, quiver, shiver as with a cold or fright (S.).
Cp. A.S. <i>bifian</i>, to tremble.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Bless m' zoul, if I dwon't think our maester's got the ager! How
a hackers an bivers, to be zhure!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 55.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bivery</b>. <i>adj.</i> Shivery, tremulous. When a baby is just on
the verge of crying, its lip quivers and is 'bivery.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blackberry-moucher</b>. (1) A truant from school in the
blackberry season (H.). See <small>Berry-moucher, Mouch</small>, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.
(Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A blackberry moucher, an egregious truant.'&mdash;<cite>Dean Milles' MS.</cite>,
p. 180.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Hence, the fruit of <i>Rubus fruticosus</i>, L., Blackberry.
See <small>Berry-moucher, Moochers</small>, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Blackberry-token</b>. <i>Rubus caesius</i>, L., Dewberry (<cite>English
Plant Names</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Black-Bess</b>. See <small>Black-Bob</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Black-Bob</b>. A cockroach (S.). <small>Black-Bess</small> on Berks border.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Black-boys</b>. (1) Flower-heads of Plantain.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)
(2) <i>Typha latifolia</i>, L., Great Reedmace.&mdash;N.W. (Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Black Couch</b>. A form of <i>Agrostis</i> that has small wiry
blackish roots (D). <i>Agrostis stolonifera.</i></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Black Sally</b>. <i>Salix Caprea</i>, L., Great Round-leaved Sallow,
from its dark bark (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iv). Clothes-pegs
are made from its wood.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Black Woodpecker</b>. <i>Picus major</i>, Great Spotted Woodpecker
(<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 253). Also known as the Gray Woodpecker.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blades</b>. The shafts of a waggon (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blare, Blur</b>. To shout or roar out loudly (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blatch</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Black, sooty (A.B.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i>
Smut, soot. 'Thuc pot be ael over blatch.'&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>v.</i>
To blacken. 'Now dwon't 'ee gwo an' blatch your veäce
wi' thuc thur dirty zoot.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bleachy</b>. Brackish.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bleat</b>. Bleak, open, unsheltered. 'He's out in the bleat,'
i.e. out in the open in bad weather. See K for examples
of letter-change.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bleeding Heart</b>. <i>Cheiranthus Cheiri</i>, L., the red Wallflower
(A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blind-hole</b>. <i>n.</i> A rabbit hole which ends in undisturbed
soil, as opposed to a Pop-hole, q.v. (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>,
ch. vi. p. 120).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blind-house</b>. A lock-up.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1629. Item paied for makeing cleane the blind-house vijd.'&mdash;<cite>Records
of Chippenham</cite>, p. 204.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Blind-man</b>. <i>Papaver Rhoeas</i>, L., &amp;c., the Red Poppy, which
is locally supposed to cause blindness, if looked at too long.&mdash;S.W.
(Hamptworth.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Blink</b>. A spark, ray, or intermittent glimmer of light (A.B.).
See <small>Flunk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Blinking</b>. This adjective is used, in a very contemptuous
sense, by several Wilts agricultural writers.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A short blinking heath is found on many parts [of the downs].'&mdash;<cite>Agric.
of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>
<p>''Twas a little one-eyed blinking sort o' place.'&mdash;<cite>Tess of the D'Urbervilles</cite>,
vol. i. p. 10.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Blissey</b>. A blaze (A.H.Wr.). A.S. <i>blysige</i>, a torch.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blobbs, Water Blobs</b>. Blossoms of <i>Nuphar lutea</i>, Sm., Yellow
Water Lily (A.B.); probably from the swollen look of the
buds. Cf. <small>Blub up</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blood-alley</b>. A superior kind of alley or taw, veined with
deep red, and much prized by boys (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bloody Warr</b> The dark-blossomed Wallflower, <i>Cheiranthus
Cheiri</i>, L. (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blooens</b>. See <small>Bluens</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bloom</b>. Of the sun; to shine scorchingly (B.); to throw out
heat as a fire. 'How the sun do bloom out atween the
clouds!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blooming</b>. Very sultry, as ''Tis a main blooming day.'&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bloomy</b>. Sultry. <small>Bloomy-hot.</small> Excessively sultry (A.B.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blooth, Blowth</b>. Bloom or blossom.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blossom</b>. A snow-flake. 'What girt blossoms 'twer to the
snow isterday!'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Snow-flakes are called "blossoms." The word snow-flake is unknown.'&mdash;<cite>Village
Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Blow</b>. Sheep and cattle 'blow' themselves, or get 'blowed,'
from over-eating when turned out into very heavy grass or
clover, the fermentation of which often kills them on the
spot, their bodies becoming terribly inflated with wind.
See the description of the 'blasted' flock, in <cite>Far from the
Madding Crowd</cite>, ch. xxi.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blowing</b>. A blossom (A.B.H.Wr.). See <small>Bluen</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blowth</b>. See <small>Blooth</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blub up</b>. To puff or swell up. A man out of health and
puffy about the face is said to look 'ter'ble blubbed up.'
Cf. Blobbs.&mdash;N.W. Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'My face was blown and blub'd with dropsy wan.'&mdash;<cite>Mirror for
Magistrates.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue Bottle</b>. <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue Buttons</b>. (1) <i>Scabiosa arvensis</i>, L., Field Scabious.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>S. Columbaria</i>, L., Small Scabious.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue Cat</b>. One who is suspected of being an incendiary.
'He has the name of a blue cat.' See <small>Lewis's Cat</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue Eyes</b>. <i>Veronica Chamaedrys</i>, L., Germander Speedwell.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue Goggles</b>. <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild Hyacinth. Cf.
<small>Greygles</small> or <small>Greggles</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bluen</b> or <b>Blooens</b>. <i>pl.</i> Blossoms (S.). Also used in Devon.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blue-vinnied</b>. Covered with blue mould. See Vinney.
Commoner in Dorset as applied to cheese, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blunt</b>. 'A cold blunt,' a spell of cold weather. See Snow-blunt.
Compare <i>Blunk</i>, a fit of stormy weather, which is
used in the East of England.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blur</b>. See <small>Blare</small>. In Raleigh's account of the fight in Cadiz
Bay, he says that as he passed through the cross-fire of the
galleys and forts, he replied 'with a blur of the trumpet to
each piece, disdaining to shoot.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Board</b>. To scold, to upbraid. 'Her boarded I just about.'&mdash;S.W.
(occasionally.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boar Stag</b>. A boar which, after having been employed for
breeding purposes for a time, is castrated and set aside for
fattening (D.). Cf. <small>Bull Stag</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boat</b>. Children cut apples and oranges into segments, which
they sometimes call 'pigs' or 'boats.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bob</b>. In a timber carriage, the hind pair of wheels with the
long pole or lever attached thereto.&mdash;N.W. In Canada
'bob-sleds' are used for drawing logs out of the woods.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bobbant</b>. Of a girl, romping, forward (A.B.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bobbish</b>. In good health (A.B.S.). 'Well, an' how be 'ee
to-day?' 'Purty bobbish, thank 'ee.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bob-grass</b>. <i>Bromus mollis</i>, L.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bochant</b>. The same as <small>Bobbant</small> (A.B.G.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bod</b>. See <small>Bad</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boistins</b>. The first milk given by a cow after calving (A.).
See N.E.D. (<small>s.v. Beestings</small>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bolt</b>. In basket-making, a bundle of osiers 40 inches round.
(<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iv. p. 69).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boltin</b>, <b>Boulting</b>. A sheaf of five or ten 'elms,' prepared
beforehand for thatching. 'Elms' are usually made up on
the spot, but are occasionally thus prepared at threshing-time,
and tied up and laid aside till required, when they
need only be damped, and are then ready for use. Cf. <small>Bolt.</small>&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bombarrel Tit</b>. <i>Parus caudatus</i>, the Long-tailed Titmouse
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii. p. 26). Jefferies considers this a corruption
of 'Nonpareil.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Book of Clothes</b>. See <small>Buck</small> (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite>, 1814).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boon Days</b>. Certain days during winter on which farmers on
the Savernake estate were formerly bound to haul timber for
their landlord.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Boreshore</b>. A hurdle-stake (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This is a kind of hurdle stake which can be used in soft ground
without an iron pitching bar being required to bore the hole first for
it. Hence it is called bore-shore by shepherds.'&mdash;<cite>Letter from Mr. Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Borky</b>. (Baulky?) Slightly intoxicated.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Borsy</b>. See *<small>Bawsy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bossell</b>. <i>Chrysanthemum segetum</i>, L., Corn Marigold (D.).
<small>Bozzell</small> (<cite>Flowering Plants of Wilts</cite>).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bossy</b>, <b>Bossy-calf</b>. A young calf, whether male or female.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bottle</b>. The wooden keg, holding a gallon or two, used for
beer in harvest-time (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bottle-tit</b>. <i>Parus caudatus</i>, L., the Long-tailed Titmouse.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bottom</b>. A valley or hollow in the downs.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boulting</b>. See <small>Boltin</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bounceful</b>. Masterful, domineering. See <small>Pounceful</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bourne</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A valley between the chalk hills; a river in
such a valley; also river and valley jointly (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In South Wilts they say, such or such a bourn: meaning a valley by
such a river.'&mdash;Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 28. Ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> In gardening, when marking out a row of anything
with pegs, you 'bourne' them, or glance along them to see
that they are in line.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Box</b> or <b>Hand-box</b>. The lower handle of a sawyer's long
pit-saw, the upper handle being the <small>Tiller</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boy's-love</b>. <i>Artemisia Abrotanum</i>, L., Southernwood (A.B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boys</b>. The long-pistilled or 'pin-eyed' flowers of the Primrose,
<i>Primula vulgaris</i>, Huds. See <small>Girls</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bozzell</b>. See <small>Bossell</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bozzy</b>. See *<small>Bawsy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brack</b>. <i>n.</i> A fracture, break, crack (S.). 'There's narra
brack nor crack in 'un.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brain-stone</b>. A kind of large round stone (Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist.
Wilts</cite>, p. 9, ed. Brit., H.Wr.). Perhaps a lump of water-worn
fossil coral, such as occasionally now bears this name among
N. Wilts cottagers.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bramstickle</b>. See <small>Bannis</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brandy-bottles</b>. <i>Nuphar lutea</i>, Sm., Yellow Water-lily.&mdash;S.W.
(Mere, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brave</b>. <i>adj.</i> Hearty, in good health (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bread-and-Cheese</b>. (1) <i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, Mill., Yellow Toadflax.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Fruit of <i>Malva sylvestris</i>, L.,
Common Mallow (S.).&mdash;S.W. (3) Young leaves and
shoots of <i>Crataegus Oxyacantha</i>, L., Hawthorn, eaten by
children in spring (<cite>English Plant Names</cite>).&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bread-board</b>. The earth-board of a plough (D.). <small>Broad-board</small>
in N. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Break</b>. To tear. 'She'll break her gownd agen thuc tharn.'
You still <i>break</i> a bit of muslin, but to <i>tear</i> a trace or a plate
now grows obsolete.&mdash;N.W. Similarly used in Hants, as</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I have <i>a-torn</i> my best decanter ... have <i>a-broke</i> my fine cambrick
aporn.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Cope's</span> <cite>Hants Glossary</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Brevet</b>, <b>Brivet</b>. (1) To meddle, interfere, pry into.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Who be you to interfere wi' a man an' he's vam'ly? Get awver
groundsell, or I'll stop thy brevettin' for a while.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xix.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>To brevet about</i>, to beat about, as a dog for game (A.).&mdash;N.W.
Also <small>Privet</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard; Castle Eaton,
&amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<i>Brivet</i>, a word often applied to children when they wander about
aimlessly and turn over things.'&mdash;<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>, Aug. 1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(3) To pilfer. 'If she'll brevet one thing, she'll brevet
another.'&mdash;N.W. (Mildenhall.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bribe</b>. To taunt, to bring things up against any one, to scold.
'What d'ye want to kip a-bribing I o' that vur?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brit</b>, <b>Brittle out</b>. (1) To rub grain out in the hand.&mdash;N.W.
(2) To drop out of the husk, as over-ripe grain (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brivet</b>. See <small>Brevet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brize</b>. To press heavily on, or against, to crush down (S.).
A loaded waggon 'brizes down' the road.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Broad-board</b>. See <small>Bread-board</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Broke-bellied</b>. Ruptured.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brook-Sparrow</b>. <i>Salicaria phragmitis</i>, the Sedge Warbler;
from one of its commonest notes resembling that of a sparrow
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. vii; <cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. iii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'At intervals [in his song] he intersperses a chirp, exactly the same
as that of the sparrow, a chirp with a tang in it. Strike a piece of
metal, and besides the noise of the blow, there is a second note, or
tang. The sparrow's chirp has such a note sometimes, and the sedge-bird
brings it in&mdash;tang, tang, tang. This sound has given him his
country name of brook-sparrow.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jefferies</span>, <cite>A London Trout</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Brow</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Brittle (A.B.C.H.Wr.); easily broken.
Vrow at Clyffe Pypard. Also <small>Frow</small>.&mdash;N.W. *(2) <i>n.</i> A
fragment (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 109).&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brown</b>. 'A brown day,' a gloomy day (H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bruckle</b>. (Generally with <i>off</i> or <i>away</i>.) <i>v.</i> To crumble away,
as some kinds of stone when exposed to the weather
(<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 109); to break off easily, as
the dead leaves on a dry branch of fir. Compare <i>brickle</i>=brittle
(<cite>Wisdom</cite>, xv. 13), A.S. <i>brucol</i>=apt to break.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bruckley</b>. <i>adj.</i> Brittle, crumbly, friable, not coherent (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brush</b>. 'The brush of a tree,' its branches or head.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brushes</b>. <i>Dipsacus sylvestris</i>, L., Wild Teasel. See <small>Clothes-brush</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bubby-head</b>. <i>Cottus gobio</i>, the Bullhead.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buck</b>. A 'buck,' or 'book,' of clothes, a large wash&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bucking</b>. A quantity of clothes to be washed (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Buddle</b>. To suffocate in mud. 'There! if he haven't a bin
an' amwoast buddled hisel' in thuck there ditch!' Also
used in Som.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Budgy</b>. Out of temper, sulky. A softened form of <i>buggy</i>,
self-important, churlish, from the Old English and provincial
<i>budge</i>, grave, solemn, &amp;c. See <cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>, p. 42 (Smythe-Palmer).&mdash;N.W.
Cp. Milton,</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Those budge doctors of the stoic fur.'&mdash;<cite>Comus.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bullpoll</b>, <b>Bullpull</b>. <i>Aira caespitosa</i>, L., the rough tufts of
tussocky grass which grow in damp places in the fields, and
have to be cut up with a heavy hoe (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii;
<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. viii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bull Stag</b>. A bull which, having been superannuated as
regards breeding purposes, is castrated and put to work,
being stronger than an ordinary bullock. Cf. <small>Boar Stag</small>.&mdash;N.W.,
now almost obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bulrushes</b>. <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold; from some
nursery legend that Moses was hidden among its large leaves.&mdash;S.W.,
rarely.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bumble-berry</b>. Fruit of <i>Rosa canina</i>, L., Dog-rose.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bunce</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A blow. 'Gie un a good bunce in the
ribs.'&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To punch or strike.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bunch</b>. Of beans, to plant in bunches instead of rows (D.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bunny</b>. A brick arch, or wooden bridge, covered with earth,
across a 'drawn' or 'carriage' in a water-meadow, just wide
enough to allow a hay-waggon to pass over.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bunt</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To push with the head as a calf does its dam's
udder (A.); to butt; to push or shove up.&mdash;(<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. x.) N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> A push or shove.&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>n.</i> A short thick
needle, as a 'tailor's bunt.' (4) <i>n.</i> Hence sometimes
applied to a short thickset person, as a nickname.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bunty</b>. <i>adj.</i> Short and stout.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bur</b>. The sweetbread of a calf or lamb (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bur'</b>, <b>Burrow</b>, or <b>Burry</b>. (1) A rabbit-burrow (A.B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Any place of shelter, as the leeward side
of a hedge (A.C.). 'Why doesn't thee coom and zet doon
here in the burrow?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Burl</b>. (1) 'To burl potatoes,' to rub off the grown-out
shoots in spring.&mdash;N.W. (2) The original meaning was
to finish off cloth or felt by removing knots, rough places,
loose threads, and other irregularities of surface, and it is
still so used in S. Wilts (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Burn</b>. 'To burn a pig,' to singe the hair off the dead carcase.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Burn-bake</b> (or <b>-beak</b>). (1) To reclaim new land by paring
and burning the surface before cultivation (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
ch. xii). See <small>Bake</small>. (2) To improve old arable land by
treating it in a similar way (<i>Ibid.</i> ch. xii). <small>Burn-beke</small>
(Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 103. Ed. Brit., where the practice
is said to have been introduced into S. Wilts by Mr. Bishop
of Merton, about 1639). (3) <i>n.</i> Land so reclaimed. See
<small>Bake</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Burrow</b>. See <small>Bur'</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Burry</b>. See <small>Bur'</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>'Buseful</b>. Foul-mouthed, abusive.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bush</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A heavy hurdle or gate, with its bars
interlaced with brushwood and thorns, which is drawn
over pastures in spring, and acts like a light harrow
(<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To bush-harrow
a pasture.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Butchers' Guinea-pigs</b>. Woodlice. See <small>Guinea-pigs</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Butter-and-Eggs</b>. (1) <i>Narcissus incomparabilis</i>, Curt., Primrose
Peerless.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, Mill.,
Yellow Toadflax (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. v).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buttercup</b>. At Huish applied only to <i>Ranunculus Ficaria</i>, L.,
Lesser Celandine, all other varieties of Crowfoot being
'Crazies' there.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Butter-teeth</b>. The two upper incisors.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buttons</b>. Very young mushrooms.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buttry</b>. A cottage pantry (A.B.).&mdash;N.W., now almost obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Butt-shut</b>. (1) To join iron without welding, by pressing
the heated ends squarely together, making an imperceptible
join (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). See <small>Shut</small>. (2) Hence a glaringly
inconsistent story or excuse is said 'not to butt-shut' (<cite>Village
Miners</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Butty</b>. A mate or companion in field-work (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>By-the-Wind</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Caa-vy</b> (? Calfy). A simpleton (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cack</b>. See <small>Keck</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cack-handed</b>, *<b>Cag-handed</b>. Extremely awkward and unhandy:
clumsy to the last degree (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Other
dialect words for 'awkward' are Dev., <i>cat-handed</i>, Yorks.,
<i>gawk-handed</i>, and Nhamp., <i>keck-handed</i>. Cf. <small>Cam-handed</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caddle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Dispute, noise, row, contention (A.); seldom
or never so used now.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'What a caddle th' bist a makin', Jonas!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 82.</p>

<p>'If Willum come whoam and zees two [candles] a burnin', he'll
make a vi-vi-vine caddle.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 42.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> Confusion, disorder, trouble (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Lawk, zur, but I be main scrow to be ael in zich a caddle, alang
o' they childern.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 137.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(3) <i>v.</i> To tease, to annoy, to bother (A.B.C.). See <small>Caddling</small>.
'Now dwoan't 'e caddle I zo, or I'll tell thee vather
o' thee!' 'I be main caddled up wi' ael they dishes to
weish.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>''Tain't no use caddlin I&mdash;I can't tell 'ee no more.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne
Farm</cite>, ch. viii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(4) <i>v.</i> To hurry. 'To caddle a horse,' to drive him over-fast.&mdash;N.W.
(5) <i>v.</i> To loaf about, only doing odd jobs.
'He be allus a caddlin' about, and won't never do nothin'
reg'lar.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (6) <i>v.</i> To mess about, to throw
into disorder. 'I don't hold wi' they binders [the binding
machines], they do caddle the wheat about so.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caddlesome</b>. Of weather, stormy, uncertain. ''T 'ull be a main
caddlesome time for the barley.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caddling</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Of weather, stormy, uncertain.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>adj.</i> Quarrelsome, wrangling (C.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'His bill was zharp, his stomack lear,
Zo up a snapped the caddlin pair.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 97.</p>

<p>'A cadling fellow, a wrangler, a shifting, and sometimes an unmeaning
character.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(3) <i>adj.</i> Meddlesome (S.), teasing (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite>, 1814);
troublesome, worrying, impertinent (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Little Nancy was as naisy and as caddlin' as a wren, that a was'.&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 177.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(4) Chattering (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite>, 1814): probably a mistake.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caffing rudder</b>. See <small>Caving rudder</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cag-handed</b>. See <small>Cack-handed</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cag-mag</b>. Bad or very inferior meat (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cains-and-Abels</b>. <i>Aquilegia vulgaris</i>, L., Columbine.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Calf-white</b>. See <small>White</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Call</b>. Cause, occasion. 'You've no call to be so 'buseful'
[abusive].&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Call home</b>. To publish the banns of marriage (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They tells I as 'ow Bet Stingymir is gwain to be caal'd <i>whoam</i> to
Jim Spritely on Zundy.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Slow</span>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Callow-wablin</b>. An unfledged bird (A.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Callus-stone</b>. A sort of gritty earth, spread on a board for
knife-sharpening (Wilts Arch. Mag. vol. xxii. p. 109).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (Cherhill, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Calves'-trins</b>. Calves' stomachs, used in cheese-making. A.S.
<i>trendel</i>. See <small>Trins</small>. Halliwell and Wright give <i>'Calf-trundle</i>,
the small entrails of a calf.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cam</b>. Perverse, cross. Welsh <i>cam</i>, crooked, wry.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A 's as cam and as obstinate as a mule.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 138.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'They there wosbirds [of bees] zimd rayther cam and mischievul.'&mdash;<cite>Springtide</cite>,
p. 47.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Cam-handed</b>. Awkward.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cammock</b>. <i>Ononis arvensis</i>, L., Restharrow (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cammocky</b>. Tainted, ill-flavoured, as cheese or milk when
the cows have been feeding on cammock. See <small>Gammotty</small> (2).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Canary-seed</b>. Seed-heads of Plantain.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Candle</b>. 'To strike a candle,' to slide, as school-boys do, on
the heel, so as to leave a white mark along the ice.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cank</b>. To overcome (H.Wr.): perhaps a perversion of <i>conquer</i>.
The winner 'canks' his competitors in a race, and you 'cank'
a child when you give it more than it can eat.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Canker</b>. Fungus, toadstool (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Canker-berries</b>. Wild Rose hips. <small>Conker-berries</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury, &amp;c.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Canker-rose</b>. The mossy gall on the Dog-rose, formed by
<i>Cynips rosae</i>; often carried in the pocket as a charm against
rheumatism (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cappence</b>. The swivel-joint of the old-fashioned flail, <i>Capel</i>
in Devon.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Carpet</b>. To blow up, to scold; perhaps from the scene of the
fault-finding being the parlour, not the bare-floored kitchen.
'Measter carpeted I sheamvul s'marning.' 'I had my man
John on the carpet just now and gave it him finely.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Carriage</b>. A water-course, a meadow-drain (A. B. G. H. Wr.). In
S. Wilts the <i>carriages</i> bring the water into and through the
meadow, while the <i>drawn</i> takes it back to the river after its
work is done.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Carrier</b>, <b>Water-carrier</b>. A large water-course (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xx).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Carry along</b>. To prove the death of, to bring to the grave.
'I be afeard whe'er that 'ere spittin' o' blood won't car'n
along.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cart</b>. 'At cart,' carrying or hauling, as 'We be at wheat cart
[coal-cart, dung-cart, &amp;c.] to-day.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Casalty</b>. See <small>Casulty</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cass'n</b>. Canst not (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cassocks</b>. Couch-grass.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Casulty</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Of weather, unsettled, broken (<cite>Green
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. i). <small>Casalty</small> (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii.
p. 109).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Of crops, uncertain, not to be
depended on. Plums, for instance, are a 'casalty crop,' some
years bearing nothing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cat-gut</b>. The ribs of the Plantain leaf; so called by children
when drawn out so as to look like fiddle-strings (<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. ii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cat-Kidney</b>. A game somewhat resembling cricket, played
with a wooden 'cat' instead of a ball.&mdash;N.W. (Brinkworth.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cat's-ice</b>. White ice, ice from which the water has receded.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (Steeple Ashton, &amp;c.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They stood at the edge, cracking the cat's-ice, where the water had
shrunk back from the wheel marks, and left the frozen water white
and brittle.'&mdash;<cite>The Story of Dick</cite>, ch. xii. p. 153.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Cats'-love</b>. Garden Valerian, on which cats like to roll.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cats'-paws</b>. Catkins of willow while still young and downy.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cats'-tails</b>. (1) <i>Equisetum</i>, Horse-tail (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii).&mdash;N.W.
(2) The catkin of the willow.&mdash;N.W. (Lyneham.)
(3) The catkin of the hazel.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Catch</b>. (1) Of water, to film over, to begin to freeze. <small>Keach</small>,
<small>Keatch</small>, <small>Kitch</small>, or <small>Ketch</small> (A.B.C.H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A bright clear moon is credited with causing the water to "catch"&mdash;that
is, the slender, thread-like spicules form on the surface, and,
joining together, finally cover it.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xx.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Also see <cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. xl. (2) To grow thick, as melted fat
when setting again.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. *(3) 'To catch and
rouse,' to collect water, &amp;c.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the catch-meadows ... it is necessary to make the most of the
water by catching and rousing it as often as possible.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
ch. xi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(4) <i>n.</i> The same as Catch-meadow (<i>Ibid.</i> ch. xii).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Catch-land</b>. The arable portion of a common field, divided
into equal parts, whoever ploughed first having the right to
first choice of his share (D.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Catch-meadow</b>, <b>Catch-work meadow</b>, or <b>Catch</b>. A meadow
on the slope of a hill, irrigated by a stream or spring, which
has been turned so as to fall from one level to another
through the carriages (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Catching</b>, <b>Catchy</b>. Of weather, unsettled, showery (<cite>Agric.
of Wilts</cite>, ch. iii. p. 11).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caterpillar</b>. A cockchafer.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cattikeyns</b>. Fruit of the ash.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cave</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The chaff of wheat and oats (D.): in threshing,
the broken bits of straw, &amp;c. <small>Cavin</small>, <small>Cavings</small>, or <small>Keavin</small>
in N. Wilts.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To separate the short
broken straw from the grain.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cavin, Cavings</b>. See <small>Cave</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Caving-rake</b>. The rake used for separating cavings and
grain on the threshing-floor.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caving</b> (or <b>Caffing</b>) <b>rudder</b>, or <b>rudderer</b>. *(1) The winnowing
fan and tackle (D.).&mdash;S.W. (2) A coarse sieve used
by carters to get the straw out of the horses' chaff.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cawk</b>, <b>Cawket</b>. To squawk out, to make a noise like a hen
when disturbed on her nest, &amp;c. 'Ther's our John, s'naw
[dost know?]&mdash;allus a messin' a'ter the wenchin, s'naw&mdash;cawin'
an' cawkettin' like a young rook, s'naw,&mdash;'vore a can
vly, s'naw,&mdash;boun' to coom down vlop <em>he</em> war!' <small>Caa-kinn</small>
(S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Clyffe Pypard; Seagry, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Centry</b>. <i>Anagallis tenella</i>, L., Bog Pimpernel.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cham</b>. To chew (A.B.C.S.). 'Now cham thee vittles up well.'
An older form of <i>Champ</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Champ</b>. To scold in a savage snarling fashion. 'Now dwoan't
'ee gwo an' champ zo at I!' Used formerly at Clyffe Pypard.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chan-Chider</b>. See <small>Johnny Chider</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chap</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> Of ground, to crack apart with heat.&mdash;N &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> A crack in the soil, caused by heat.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Charm</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'All in a charm,' all talking loud together.
A.S. <i>cyrm</i>, clamour (A.H.S.), especially used of the singing
of birds. See Kingsley's <cite>Prose Idylls</cite>, i. Also used of hounds
in full cry.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thousands of starlings, the noise of whose calling to each other is
indescribable&mdash;the country folk call it a "charm," meaning a noise
made up of innumerable lesser sounds, each interfering with the
other.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Cp, Milton,</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Charm of earliest birds.'&mdash;<cite>P. L.</cite>, ii. 642.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To make a loud confused noise, as a number of
birds, &amp;c., together.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> 'To charm bees,'
to follow a swarm of bees, beating a tea-tray, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chatter-mag</b>, <b>Chatter-pie</b>. A chattering woman.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chawm</b>, <b>Chawn</b>. A crack in the ground (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cheese-flower</b>. <i>Malva sylvestris</i>, L., Common Mallow.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cheeses</b>. Fruit of <i>Malva sylvestris</i>, L., Common Mallow.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Chemise</b>. <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.) This name was given us as <small>Chemise</small>,
but would probably be pronounced as <small>Shimmy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cherky</b>. Having a peculiar dry taste, as beans (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cherry-pie</b>. <i>Valeriana officinalis</i>, L., All-heal, from its smell.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cheure</b>. See <small>Choor</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chevil</b> (or <b>Chevril</b>) <b>Goldfinch</b>. A large variety of goldfinch,
with a white throat. See <cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 203, for a full
description of the bird.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chewree</b>. See <small>Choor</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chib</b>. 'Potato-chibs,' the grown-out shoots in spring. See
<small>Chimp</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chiddlens</b>, <b>Chiddlins</b>. Pigs' chitterlings (H.S.Wr.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Children of Israel</b>. *(1) A small garden variety of
<i>Campanula</i>, from the profusion of its blossoms (<cite>English Plant
Names</cite>). (2) <i>Malcolmia maritima</i>, Br., Virginian Stock,
occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chilver</b>, <b>Chilver-lamb</b>. A ewe lamb (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chilver-hog</b>. A ewe under two years old (D.). The word hog
is now applied to any animal of a year old, such as a hog
bull, a chilver hog sheep. 'Chilver' is a good Anglo-Saxon
word, 'cilfer,' and is related to the word 'calf.' A chilver
hog sheep simply means in the dialect of the Vale of
Warminster, a female lamb a year old. See <cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> xvii. 303.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chimney-sweeps</b>. Flowering-heads of some grasses.&mdash;N.W.
(Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chimney-sweepers</b>. <i>Luzula campestris</i>, Willd., Field Wood-rush.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chimp</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The grown-out shoot of a stored potato (S.);
also Chib.&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To strip off the 'chimps' before
planting.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chink</b>. <i>Fringilla coelebs</i>, the Chaffinch; from its note.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chinstey</b>. <i>n.</i> The string of a baby's cap.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.) A horse's chin-strap.&mdash;S.W. Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Oh! Mo-ather! Her hath chuck'd me wi' tha chingstey [caught
me by the back-hair and choked me with the cap-string].'&mdash;<cite>The Exmoor
Scolding</cite>, p. 17.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Chip</b>. The fore-shoot of a plough.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chipples</b>. Young onions grown from seed. Cf. <small>Gibbles</small> and
<small>Cribbles</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chisley</b>. <i>adj.</i> Without coherence, as the yolk of an over-boiled
egg, or a very dry cheese. When land gets wet and
then dries too fast, it becomes chisley. Compare:&mdash;'<i>Chizzly</i>,
hard, harsh and dry: <i>East</i>,' in Hal.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chism</b>. To germinate, to bud (A.B.C.). 'The wheat doesn't
make much show yet, John.' 'No, zur, but if you looks
'tes aal chisming out ter'ble vast.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chit</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The third swarm of bees from a hive.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To bud or spring (A.B.C.). 'The whate be chitting
a'ter thease rains.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chitchat</b>. <i>Pyrus Aucuparia</i>, Gærtn., Mountain Ash.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chitterlings</b>. Pigs' entrails when cleaned and boiled (A.B.);
<small>Chiddlens</small> (H.S.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chivy</b>. <i>Fringilla coelebs</i>, the Chaffinch.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Choor</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To go out as a charwoman (A.); <small>Cheure,
Chewree-ring</small> (H.Wr.); <small>Char</small> (A.S.). Still in use.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> A turn, as in phrase 'One good choor deserves
another' (A.). Still in use.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chop</b>. To exchange (A.B.S.). 'Wool ye chop wi' I, this thing
for thuck?' (B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Chore</b>. A narrow passage between houses (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033,
f. 2); see N.E.D. (<small>s.v. Chare</small>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Christian Names</b>. The manner in which a few of these are
pronounced may here be noted:&mdash;<i>Allburt</i>, Albert; <i>Allfurd</i>,
Alfred; <i>Charl</i> or <i>Chas</i>, Charles; <i>Etherd</i>, Edward; <i>Rich't</i> or
<i>Richet</i>, Richard; <i>Robbut</i>, Robert; &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chuffey</b>. Chubby. 'What chuffey cheeks he've a got, to be
showr!'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chump</b>. A block of wood (A.B.); chiefly applied to the short
lengths into which crooked branches and logs are sawn for
firewood (<cite>Under the Acorns</cite>).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ciderkin</b>, <b>'Kin</b>. The washings after the best cider is made.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clacker</b>. The tongue (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clackers</b>. A pair of pattens (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clangy</b>, <b>Clengy</b>, or <b>Clungy</b>. Of bad bread, or heavy ground,
clingy, sticky.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Claps</b>. <i>n.</i> and <i>v.</i> clasp (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clat</b>. See <small>Clot</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clattersome</b>, <b>Cluttersome</b>. Of weather, gusty.&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Claut</b>. <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold (A.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clavy</b>, <b>Clavy-tack</b>. A mantelpiece (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W., now
almost obsolete. Strictly speaking, <i>clavy</i> is merely the beam
which stretches across an old-fashioned fireplace, supporting
the wall. Where there is a mantelpiece, or <i>clavy-tack</i>, it comes
just above the <i>clavy</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clean</b>. 'A clean rabbit,' one that has been caught in the nets,
and is uninjured by shot or ferret, as opposed to a 'broken,'
or damaged one. (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. xi. p. 212).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cleat</b>, <b>Cleet</b>. (1) The little wedge which secures the head
of an axe or hammer.&mdash;N.W. *(2) <i>n.</i> A patch (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W.
*(3) <i>v.</i> To mend with a patch (A.B.C.)&mdash;N.W.
*(4) Occasionally, to strengthen by bracing (C.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cleaty</b>. Sticky, clammy; applied to imperfectly fermented
bread, or earth that will not work well in ploughing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cleet</b>. See <small>Cleat</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clengy</b>. See <small>Clangy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clim</b>. To climb (A.S.). A cat over-fond of investigating the
contents of the larder shelves is a 'clim-tack,' or climb-shelf.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clinches</b>. The muscles of the leg, just under the knee-joint.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clinkerbell</b>. An icicle.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.) occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clitch</b>. The groin.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clite</b>, <b>Clit</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'All in a clite,' tangled, as a child's hair.
A badly groomed horse is said to be 'aal a clit.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To tangle. 'How your hair do get clited!'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clites</b>, <b>Clytes</b>. <i>Galium Aparine</i>, L., Goosegrass (A.). Usually
pl., but Jefferies has sing., <small>Clite</small>, in <cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. ix.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clitty</b>. Tangled, matted together.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clock</b>. A dandelion seed-head, because children play at
telling the time of day by the number of puffs it takes to
blow away all its down.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cloddy</b>. Thick, plump, stout (H.Wr.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clog-weed</b>. <i>Heracleum Sphondylium</i>, L., Cow-parsnip (<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. vi).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clot</b>. A hard lump of dry cow-dung, left on the surface of
a pasture. See <small>Cow-clat</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'On pasture farms they beat clots or pick up stones.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">R. Jefferies</span>,
Letter to <cite>Times</cite>, Nov. 1872.</p>

<p>'1661. Itm p<sup>d</sup> Richard Sheppard &amp; Old Taverner for beating clatts
in Inglands, 00. 04. 08.'&mdash;<cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, p. 226.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Clote</b>. <i>n.</i> <i>Verbascum Thapsus</i>, L., Great Mullein (<cite>Aubrey's
Wilts MS.</cite>).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clothes-brush</b>. <i>Dipsacus sylvestris</i>, L., Wild Teasel. Cf.
<small>Brushes</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clottiness</b>. See <small>Cleaty</small>. Clottishness (<cite>Agric. Survey</cite>).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The peculiar churlishness (provincially, "clottiness") of a great
part of the lands of this district, arising perhaps from the cold nature
of the sub-soil.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii. p. 51.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Clout</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A box on the ear, a blow (A.B.C.S.). See <small>Clue</small>.
'I'll gie thee a clout o' th' yead.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To
strike.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clue</b>. 'A clue in the head,' a knock on the head (<cite>Village
Miners</cite>). A box on the ear. Cf. <i>clow</i>, Winchester College.
See <small>Clout</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clum</b>. To handle clumsily (A.B.), roughly, boisterously, or
indecently (C.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clumbersome</b>. Awkward, clumsy.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clumper</b>, <b>Clumber</b>. A heavy clod of earth.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clums</b>. <i>pl.</i> Hands. 'I'll keep out o' thee clums, I'll warnd
I will!'&mdash;N.W. <small>Clumps</small> is used in S. Wilts in a similar
way, but generally of the feet (S.), and always implies great
awkwardness, as 'What be a treadin' on my gownd vor wi'
they girt ugly clumps o' yourn?'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clungy</b>. See <small>Clangy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cluster-of-five</b>. The fist. <small>Cluster-a-vive</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clutter</b>. <i>n.</i> Disorder, mess, confusion. 'The house be ael in
a clutter to-day wi' they childern's lease-carn.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cluttered</b>. (1) 'Caddled,' over-burdened with work and worry.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"<i>Cluttered up</i>" means in a litter, surrounded with too many things
to do at once.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jefferies</span>, <cite>Field and Hedgerow</cite>, p. 189.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(2) Brow-beaten. Said to have been used at Warminster
formerly.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cluttersome</b>. See <small>Clattersome</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cluttery</b>. Showery and gusty.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Clyders</b>. <i>Galium Aparine</i>, L., Goosegrass.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Clyten</b>. *(1) <i>n.</i> An unhealthy appearance, particularly in
children (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete. *(2) <i>n.</i> An unhealthy
child (C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Clytenish</b>. <i>adj.</i> Unhealthy-looking, pale, sickly (A.B.C.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clytes</b>. See <small>Clites</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Coath</b>. Sheep-rot (D.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cobbler's-knock</b>. 'To do the cobbler's knock,' to slide on one
foot, tapping the ice meanwhile with the other.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cob-nut</b>. A game played by children with nuts (A.B.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cockagee</b>, <b>Cockygee</b> (<i>g</i> hard). A kind of small hard sour
cider apple. Ir. <i>cac a' gheidh</i>, goose-dung, from its greenish-yellow
colour (see N.E.D., <small>s.v. Coccagee</small>).&mdash;S.W. (Deverill,
&amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cocking-fork</b>. A large hay-fork, used for carrying hay from
the cock into the summer-rick.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cocking-poles</b>. Poles used for the same purpose.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cockles</b>. Seed-heads of <i>Arctium Lappa</i>, L., Burdock.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cock's Egg</b>. The small eggs sometimes first laid by pullets.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cock-shot</b>. A cock-shy: used by boys about Marlborough and
elsewhere. 'I say, there's a skug [squirrel]&mdash;let's have
a cock-shot at him with your squailer.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cock's-neckling</b>. 'To come down cock's-neckling,' to fall
head foremost (H.Wr.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cock's-nests</b>. The nests so often built and then deserted by
the wren, without any apparent cause.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cock-sqwoilin</b>. Throwing at cocks at Shrovetide (A.Wr.).
See <small>Squail</small>.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1755. Paid expenses at the Angel at a meeting when the By Law
was made to prevent Throwing at Cocks, 0.10.6.'&mdash;Records of <cite>Chippenham</cite>,
p. 244.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Cocky-warny</b>. The game of leap-frog.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cod-apple</b>. A wild apple (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xiv. 177).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Codlins-and-cream</b>. <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i>, L., Great Hairy
Willow-herb; from its smell when crushed in the hand.
Cf. <small>Sugar-Codlins</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Coglers</b>. The hooks, with cogged rack-work for lifting or
lowering, by which pots and kettles were formerly hung
over open fireplaces. Now superseded by <i>Hanglers</i>.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Colley</b>. (1) A collar.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. *(2) Soot or grime
from a pot or kettle (A.B.). Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Brief as the lightning in the collied night.'&mdash;<cite>Midsummer Night's
Dream.</cite></p>

<p>'Thou hast not collied thy face enough.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jonson's</span> <small>Poetaster</small>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Colley-maker</b>. A saddler. See <small>Colley</small> (1).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Colley-strawker</b>. A milker or 'cow-stroker.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Colt's-tail</b>. A kind of cloud said to portend rain.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The colt's tail is a cloud with a bushy appearance like a ragged
fringe, and portends rain.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Comb</b>, <b>Coom</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The lower ledge of a window (Kennett's
<cite>Paroch. Antiq.</cite>). (2) <i>n.</i> Grease from an axle-box,
soot, dirt, &amp;c. <small>Koomb</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Comb-and-Brush</b>. <i>Dipsacus sylvestris</i>, L., Wild Teasel.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Combe</b>, <b>Coombe</b>. (1) The wooded side of a hill (D.); used
occasionally in this sense in both Wilts and Dorset.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) A narrow valley or hollow in a hillside. This
is the proper meaning.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Used of a narrow valley
in the woodlands in <cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. i.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Come of</b>. To get the better of, to grow out of. 'How weak
that child is about the knees, Sally!' 'Oh, he'll come o' that
all right, Miss, as he do grow bigger.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Come to land</b>. Of intermittent springs, to rise to the surface
and begin to flow (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Comical</b>. (1) Queer-tempered. 'Her's a comical 'ooman.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Out of health. 'I've bin uncommon
comical to-year.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) Cracky, queer. 'He's
sort o' comical in his head, bless 'ee.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. 'A cow
he's a comical thing to feed; bin he don't take care he's very
like to choke hisself.'&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough.) It should be
noted that Marlborough folk are traditionally reputed to
call everything <em>he</em> but a bull, and that they always call
<em>she</em>!</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coney-burry</b>. A rabbit's hole.&mdash;S.W. (Amesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coniger</b>, <b>Conigre</b>. This old word, originally meaning a rabbit-warren,
occurs frequently in Wilts (as at Trowbridge) as
the name of a meadow, piece of ground, street, &amp;c. See
<cite>Great Estate</cite>, note to ch. ix.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Conker-berries</b>. See <small>Canker-berries</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Conks</b>, <b>Conkers</b> (i.e. <i>conquerors</i>). (1) A boy's game, played
with horse-chestnuts strung on cord, the players taking it in
turn to strike at their opponent's conk, in order to crack and
disable it.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough.) (2) Hence, the fruit of
<i>Aesculus Hippocastanum</i>, L., Horse-chestnut.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coob</b>. A hen-coop (H.): invariably so pronounced.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cooby</b>. A snug corner. See <small>Cubby-hole</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coom</b>. See <small>Comb</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Coombe-bottom</b>. A valley in a hillside (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).
See <small>Combe</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coom hedder</b>. (A.S.). See <small>Horses</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coop! Coop!</b> The usual call to cows, &amp;c., to come in.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coopy-house</b>. A very small house or cottage (S.). See <small>Cubby-hole</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cooted</b>. Cut slanting, sloped off, as the ends of the upper
part of an oblong hay-rick (D.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Hayricks are usually made round; sometimes oblong with cooted
ends, not gable ends.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Cord</b>. 'A cord of plocks,' a pile of cleft wood, 8 ft. long and
4 ft. in girth and width (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Corn-baulk</b>. See <small>Baulk</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Corndrake</b>. <i>Crex pratensis</i>, the Landrail; almost invariably
so called about Warminster and in some parts of N. Wilts.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Corn-grate</b>. The Cornbrash formation (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, p. 164).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Corn Grit</b>. Quarrymen's term for one of the building stone
beds of the Portland series (Britton's <cite>Beauties of Wilts</cite>,
vol. iii).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Corn Pop</b>. <i>Silene inflata</i>, Sm., Bladder Campion.&mdash;N.W.
(Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Corruptions</b>. Some of these are curious, and perhaps worth
recording, as <i>Rainball</i>, rainbow (always used at Huish);
<i>Lattiprack</i>, paralytic; <i>Nuffin-idols</i>, Love-in-idleness; <i>Polly
Andrews</i>, Polyanthus. Also see <i>Nolens-volens</i>. Bronchitis
is always <i>Brantitus</i>, and Jaundice always <i>The Janders</i>, plural.
Persuade is always <i>Suade</i>. The crab-apple is usually <i>Grab</i>
in N. Wilts. At Etchilhampton we find <i>Plump</i> for pump,
and <i>Moth</i> for moss, while at Huish and elsewhere proud flesh
is always <i>Ploughed flesh</i>. <i>Pasmet</i>, parsnip, and the universal
<i>Turmut</i>, turnip, may be noted as illustrating a curious letter-change.
<i>Varley-grassey</i>, gone green, is evidently from verdigris.
In <i>Great Estate</i>, ch. iv, Jefferies traces <i>Meejick</i> ('a sort
of a <i>Meejick'</i>=anything very strange or unusual) back to
menagerie. Cavalry becomes <i>Cavaltry</i>, meaning horsemen,
and crockery is usually <i>Crockerty</i>. Other more or less
common perversions of words are <i>Patty Carey</i>, Hepatica;
<i>Chiny Oysters</i>, China Aster; <i>Turkemtime</i>, turpentine; <i>Absence</i>,
abscess (Cherhill); <i>Abrupt</i>, to approve (Huish); <i>Tiddle</i>, to
tickle; <i>Cribble</i>, a cripple; <i>Strive</i> (of a tree), to thrive (Steeple
Ashton); <i>Hurly-gurly</i>, a hurdy-gurdy (S.W.); <i>Midger</i>, to
measure; <i>Cherm</i>, to churn (<i>Slow</i>, S.W.); <i>Rumsey-voosey</i>, to
rendezvous, as 'He went a rumsy-voosing down the lane
to meet his sweetheart'; <i>Dapcheek</i>, a dabchick; <i>Drilly-drally</i>,
to hesitate, to dawdle over anything; <i>Kiddle</i>, a kettle.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Couch</b>, <b>Cooch</b>. Couch-grass in general.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. <small>Black
Couch</small>, <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> (D.); <small>White Couch</small>, <i>Triticum
repens</i> (D.); <small>Couchy-bent</small>, <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> (D.); <small>Knot
Couch</small>, <i>Avena elatior</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Couchy-bent</b>. See <small>Couch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Count</b>. To expect or think. 'I don't count as he'll come.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Coventree</b>. <i>Viburnum Lantana</i>, L., Mealy Guelder rose.&mdash;S.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Coven-tree common about Chalke and Cranbourn Chase; the
carters doe make their whippes of it.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Wilts</cite>, p. 56, Ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Coward</b>. <i>adj.</i> Pure: used of unskimmed milk. Cf. 'cowed
milk,' Isle of Wight (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 110).&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cow-baby</b>. A childish fellow, a simpleton (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cow-clap</b>. A form of <small>Cow-clat</small>, q.v.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cow-clat</b>, <b>Cow-clap</b>. A pat of cow-dung (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cow-down</b>. A cow-common (<cite>Agric. Survey</cite>).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cows-and-Calves</b>. (1) <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;S.W.
(2) When a saw has alternately long and short
teeth, they are known as <i>cows</i> and <i>calves</i> respectively.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cowshard</b>. Cow-clat.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cowshorne</b>. Cow-clats. Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The poore people gather the cowshorne in the meadows.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span>
<cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 192.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cow-white</b>. See <small>White</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Crab</b>. To abuse (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 110). Compare
North Eng. <i>crab</i>, to provoke, and <i>crob</i>, to reproach.
Originally a hawking term, hawks being said to <i>crab</i> when
they stood too near and fought one with another. See <cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>,
p. 81 (Smythe-Palmer).&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Crandum</b>. The throat (S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I first heard this word near Hungerford, where some farm hands
were having a spree. There was a six-gallon jar of beer on the table,
which they were continually smacking with their hands, whilst they
sang in chorus:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">"Let it run down yer crandum,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">An' jolly will we be," &amp;c.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p>I have only heard it applied to the human throat, never to that of an
animal.'&mdash;<cite>Letter from Mr. Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Crap</b>. Assurance (H.Wr.). There is probably some mistake
here.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Craw</b>. The crop of a bird; hence, the bosom (A.). 'A spelt
th' drenk down 's craw,' he spilt it down his bosom (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crazy</b>, <b>Craisey</b>, <b>Craizey</b>. The Buttercup (A.B.H.Wr.). Buttercups
in general, <i>Ranunculus acris</i>, <i>R. bulbosus</i>, <i>R. repens</i>,
and often <i>R. Ficaria</i> also, but at Huish never applied to the
last-named. In Deverill the term <i>Craizies</i> is restricted to
the Marsh Marigold. See N.E.D. (<small>s.v. Crayse</small>).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crazy Bets</b>. (1) The general name all over Wilts for <i>Caltha
palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold; apparently always pl. in
form. <small>Crazy Betties</small> (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii) and <small>Crazy Betseys</small>
are occasionally used, the latter at Little Langford, S.W.
Cf. 'Pretty Bets,' Oxf. and Nhamp., for Red Spur Valerian
and London Pride, and 'Sweet Betsey,' Kent, for the former.
In Glouc. Marsh Marigold is merely a <i>Crazy</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
*(2) Mr. Slow says that 'Crazy bets' is applied to the
'buttercup' in South Wilts. *(3) <i>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</i>,
L., the Ox-eye Daisy.&mdash;S.W. (Hampworth.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crazy-mor</b>e, <b>Crazy-mar</b>, or <b>Crazy-moir</b>. (1) <i>Ranunculus
repens</i>, L., Creeping Buttercup. <i>More</i>=root or plant.&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes; Huish.) (2) At Clyffe Pypard, N.W.,
and probably elsewhere, <small>Crazy-mar</small> means a plant of any
kind of buttercup.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crease</b>. A ridge-tile.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'From the top of Aland's house ... a slate ridge-crest (or crease, as
it is provincially termed) ... was carried northwards about 40 yards.'&mdash;<cite>The
Great Wiltshire Storm, Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. vi. p. 378.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Creed</b>. <i>Lemna minor</i>, L., Duckweed (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Creeny</b>. Small (A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Creeping Jack</b>. <i>Sedum</i>, Stonecrop.&mdash;N.W. (Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Creeping Jenny</b>. (1) <i>Linaria Cymbalaria</i>, Mill., Ivy-leaved
Toadflax.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.) (2) <i>Lysimachia Nummularia</i>,
L., Moneywort.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cresset</b>, <b>Cressil</b>. <i>Scrophularia aquatica</i>, L., Water Figwort
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crew</b>. The tang of a scythe-blade, fastening into the pole-ring.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cribble about</b>. To creep about as old people do.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cribbles</b>. Onions grown from bulbs. See <small>Gibbles</small> and
<small>Chipples</small>.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crick crack</b>. People who try to talk fine language, and cannot,
are said to use 'crick crack' words. <small>Crick crach</small>:
words not understood (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Crink-crank words are long words&mdash;<i>verba sesquipedalia</i>&mdash;not properly
understood. See <cite>Proceedings of Phil. Soc.</cite> v. 143-8.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Cope's</span> <cite>Hants Gloss</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Crink</b>. A crevice or crack.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Crippender</b>. Crupper harness.&mdash;S.W. (Bratton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Critch</b>. A deep earthen pan (S.). Also used in Hants. Fr.
<i>cruche</i>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crock</b>. A pot; especially an earthen one (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Croud</b>. See <small>Crowdy</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Croupy down</b>. To crouch down (S.) as children do when
playing hide-and-seek.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crow-bells</b> (pl. used as sing.). <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild
Hyacinth (H.Wr.).&mdash;S.W. This is probably the flower
referred to in Aubrey's <cite>Wilts</cite>, Roy. Soc. MS., p. 126 (p. 52,
ed. Brit.), under the same name:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In a ground of mine called Swices ... growes abundantly a plant
called by the people hereabout crow-bells, which I never saw any where
but there. Mr. Rob. Good, M.A., tells me that these crow-bells have
blue flowers, and are common to many shady places in this county.'</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crowdy</b>. A kind of apple turnover (S.). <small>Croud</small> (H.Wr.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crow-flower</b>. <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.&mdash;S.W.
(Hants bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crow-hearted</b>. Young cabbage and broccoli plants that have
lost their eye or centre are said to be 'crow-hearted.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crowpeck</b>. (1) <i>Scandix Pecten</i>, L., Shepherd's-needle (D.).&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>Ranunculus arvensis</i>, L., Corn Crowfoot.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Crow's-legs</b>. <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crump</b>. To crunch or munch.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crumplings</b>, <b>Crumplens</b>. Small, imperfectly grown apples.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cubby-hole</b>. A snug corner, a sheltered place (A.S.). Also
<small>Cooby</small>; cf. <small>Coopy-house</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuckoo</b>. About Salisbury <i>Saxifraga granulata</i> is known as
<small>Dry</small> (or <small>Dryland</small>) <small>Cuckoo</small>, and <i>Cardamine pratensis</i> as <small>Water
Cuckoo</small>, from their respective habitats. The use of <i>Cuckoo</i> in
a plant-name always implies that it flowers in early spring.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuckoo-flower</b>. (1) <i>Cardamine pratensis</i>, L., Lady's Smock.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>, L., Wood Anemone.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuckoo fool</b>. <i>Yunx torquilla</i>, the Wryneck.&mdash;N.W. (Broadtown.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuckoo-gate</b>. A swing-gate in a V-shaped enclosure.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuckoos</b>. <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>, L., Wood Anemone.&mdash;S.W.
(Hamptworth.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cuckoo's bread-and-cheese</b>. The young shoots of the
Hawthorn (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cuddickwaay</b>! Order to a horse to 'Come this way.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cue</b> (1), <i>n.</i> An ox-shoe (A.). Only used on flinty lands.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To shoe an ox.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cull</b>, or <b>Tom Cull</b>. <i>Cottus gobio</i>, the Bullhead (A.B.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Culls</b>. Sheep or lambs picked out of the flock, as inferior in
size or in any other way, and sold. Fairs at which they are
sold are called '<i>Cull Fairs</i>.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Curdle</b>. A curl of hair (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Curly-buttons</b>. Woodlice.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Curly-cob</b>. The Bullhead, <i>Cottus gobio</i>&mdash;S.W. (Bishopstone.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Curry-pig</b>. A sucking pig (H.Wr.). Also <small>Cure-pig</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cushion-pink</b>. <i>Armeria maritima</i>, Willd., Thrift; the garden
variety.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cushions</b>. <i>Scabiosa arvensis</i>, L., Field Scabious.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(Enford, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cusnation</b>. An expletive (A.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Ha' done, Jonas! Dwon't 'e be a cussnation vool! I'll call missus!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 83.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Cut-finger-leaf</b>. <i>Valeriana</i>, All-heal. The leaves are good for
application to sluggish sores, whitlows, &amp;c. Mr. Cunnington
quotes it as <i>V. dioica</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cutty</b>. <i>Troglodytes vulgaris</i>, the Wren (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>D</b>. (1) In comparatives, &amp;c., <i>d</i> is frequently added to
liquids, as <i>coolder</i>, cooler; <i>thinder</i>, thinner; feeldins, feelings;
and <i>scholard</i>, scholar. In <cite>Chronicon Vilodunense</cite>, fifteenth
century, we find <i>jaylarde</i>, a gaoler. (2) It is also used for
<i>th</i>, as <i>draish</i>, thresh; <i>droo</i>, through; <i>dree</i>, three. (3) <i>D</i>
not sounded after a liquid; examples:&mdash;<i>veel</i>, field; <i>vine</i>, to
find; <i>dreshol</i>, threshold.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daak</b>. See <small>Dawk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dab</b>. An expert at anything; sometimes used ironically, as
'He's a perfect dab at gardening,' he knows nothing whatever
about it.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dabster</b>. A proficient (A.). See <small>Dapster</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dack</b>. See <small>Dawk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daddick</b>, <b>Daddock</b>. <i>n.</i> Rotten wood (A.B.G.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daddicky</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of wood, decayed, rotten (A.B.S.). Cf.
<small>Dicky</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Daddy's Whiskers</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daffy</b>. The usual name in N.W. for the wild Daffodil.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daggled</b>. See <small>Diggled</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daglet</b>. An icicle (A.H.S.Wr.). See <small>Daggled</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thatched roofs are always hung with "daglets" in frost.'&mdash;<cite>Village
Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dain</b>. Noisome effluvia (A.B.C.H.Wr.). Formerly applied
mainly to <i>infectious</i> effluvia, as 'Now dwoan't 'ee gwo too
nigh thuck there chap; he've a had the small-pox, and the
dain be in his clothes still.' (See <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite>). Now
used of very bad smells in general.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dainty</b>. Evil-smelling. 'That there meat's ter'ble dainty.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dall</b>. An expletive (S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>''Od dal th' vor'n ungrateful varment!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 50.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dandy-goshen</b>. See <small>Dandy-goslings</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dandy-goslings</b>. (1) <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L., Early Purple
Orchis. See <small>Gandigoslings</small>, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>O. Morio</i>, L.,
Green-winged Meadow Orchis. <small>Dandy-goshen</small> at Salisbury
(<cite>English Plant Names</cite>), also at Little Langford.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dane</b>, <b>Daner</b>. In Kingston Deverill there was an old man
who called red-haired men 'Danes,' or 'Daners,' as 'Thee
bist a Dane.' This being in the centre of the Alfred
district, the term may be a survival. In Somerset red-haired
men are often said to be 'a bit touched with the
Danes.'</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dane's Blood</b>. <i>Sambucus Ebulus</i>, L., Dwarf Elder (Aubrey's
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 50, ed. Brit.). It is popularly believed
only to grow on the ancient battle-fields, and to have sprung
originally from the blood of the slain Danes.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dap</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To rebound, as a ball.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i>
The rebound of a ball.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dap on</b>. To pounce down on, to take unawares.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Daps</b>. (1) 'He's the daps on his feyther,' the very image of
him (S.).&mdash;S.W. (2) 'He got the daps o' he's feyther,' he
has the same tricks as his father.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<small>Dap</small>, a hop, a turn. The daps of any one would therefore be his
habits, peculiarities, &amp;c.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jennings</span>, <cite>Somerset Gloss</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dapster</b>. *(1) A nimble boy.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill). (2) A
proficient (S.). See <small>Dab</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dar</b>. <i>n.</i> 'To be struck in a dar, to be astonished or confounded.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington
MS.</cite> Apparently from O.E. <i>dare</i>,
to frighten birds.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Never hobby so dared a lark.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Burton</span>, <cite>Anatomy of Melancholy</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Daver</b>. To fade, fall down, droop, as flowers or leaves on
a hot day.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dawk</b>, <b>Dack</b>, <b>Daak</b>, <b>Dauk</b>. To incise with a jerk, or insert
a pointed weapon with rapidity (H.Wr.). To stab and tear
together as a cat's claw does. To puncture.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Should a savage cat tear out a piece of flesh from the hand, she is
said to "dawk" it out. Dawk expresses a ferocious stab and tear
combined.'&mdash;<cite>Village Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Also used of a baker marking loaves:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Prick it and dack it and mark it with T,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">And put it in the oven for baby and me.'&mdash;<cite>Nursery Rhyme.</cite><br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="ind2">This seems to be identical with A.S. <i>dalc</i>, <i>dolc</i>, Dutch and
Danish <i>dolk</i>, Icel. <i>dálkr</i>, Germ. <i>dolch</i>, all meaning a sharp
piercing instrument, a skewer, a dagger, &amp;c. (Smythe-Palmer).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dead hedge</b>. A wattled fence (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. x).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dead pen</b>. A sheep pen is occasionally so called in S. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dead-roof</b>. A skilling roof made of bavins and thatched over.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dead year</b>. Often used with possessive pronoun, as 'his dead
year,' the year immediately following his death (<cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 111). A widow should not marry again
'afore the dead year's up.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Deaf-nettle</b>. <i>Lamium album</i>, L., the Dead nettle. Cf. <small>Dunch-nettle</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Deaf-nut</b>. A rotten or empty nut. <i>Deaf</i>=useless, inactive.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Deedy</b>. (1) Industrious, busy, as 'He's a deedy man.'&mdash;N.W.
(2) Intent, as 'What bist looking so deedy at?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dee-gee</b>. Mr. William Cunnington writes us as follows:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Twas a Dee-gee" was the name of a kind of dance, which our old
nurse taught us as children, mostly performed by moving sideways
and knocking the feet together.'</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">This would seem to be a survival of the Elizabethan
<i>heydeguies</i>. See Spenser, <cite>Shepherd's Calendar</cite>, June.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Densher</b>. To prepare down-land for cultivation by paring
and burning the turf (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts Nat. Hist.</cite>, p. 103,
ed. Brit.). See <small>Bake</small> and <small>Burn-bake</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Desight</b>, <b>Dissight</b>. An unsightly object (H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Devil-daisy</b>. <i>Matricaria Parthenium</i>, L., Common Feverfew,
and <i>Anthemis Cotula</i>, L., Stinking Camomile, from their
daisy-like flowers and unpleasant odour.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Devil-in-a-hedge</b>. <i>Nigella damascena</i>, Love in a mist.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Devil-screecher</b>. <i>Cypselus apus</i>, the Common Swift.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Devil's-ring</b>. A kind of hairy caterpillar which curls up on
being touched (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xvii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Devyls-gold-rynge, the colewort worme.'&mdash;<cite>Huloet.</cite></p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'Oak-egger and fox moths, which children call "Devil's Gold
Rings."'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Kingsley</span>, <cite>Chalk-stream Studies</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dew-beater</b>. A man who has large feet, or who turns out his
toes, so that he brushes the dew off the grass in walking
(A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The dew-beaters [early walkers, pioneers] have trod their way for
those that come after them.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hacket's</span> <cite>Life of Williams</cite>, i. 57.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dew-bi</b>. A very early breakfast (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dew-pond</b>. A pond on the downs, not fed by any spring, but
kept up by mist, dew, and rain. Such ponds rarely fail,
even in the longest drought. Also <small>Mist-pond</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dewsiers</b>. The valves of a pig's heart (A.B.G.); a corruption
of O.F. <i>jusier</i>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Deyhus</b>, <b>Da'us</b>, <b>Day'us</b>. A dairy, a cheese-room (A.B.). From
<i>deye</i>, a dairymaid; Icel. <i>deigja</i> (Skeat). In this and similar
words, as Brewhouse, Woodhouse, &amp;c., <i>house</i> is always
pronounced as A.S. <i>hús</i> (Akerman), the <i>h</i>, however, not
being invariably sounded.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dibs</b>. A game played by boys with sheep's dibs or knuckle-bones
(S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dick-and-his-team</b>. The Great Bear.&mdash;N.W. Compare Jack-and-his-team.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I know the north star; there it is.... And the Great Bear; the
men call it Dick and his Team.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. vi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dicker</b>. (1) To bedeck. 'Gels be allus a dickerin' therselves
up now-a-days.'&mdash;N.W. (Huish.) (2) 'As thick as they
can dicker,' very intimate.&mdash;S.W. (Amesbury.) 'All in
a dicker (or 'digger'),' very close together.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dicky</b>. (1) Of vegetables, decayed. (2) Of persons or
plants, weakly or in ill-health (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii.
p. 110). Cf. <small>Daddicky</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dicky-birds</b>. <i>Fumaria officinalis</i>, L., Common Fumitory.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Diedapper</b>. <i>Podiceps minor</i>, the Dabchick; <i>Divedapper</i> in Shakespeare.
In common use at Salisbury until quite recently.
Before the streams running through the city were covered
over, it was an every-day occurrence to see a dripping urchin
making for home, with an escort of friends at his heels
yelling 'Diedapper, Diedapper, Diedapper, die!'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Diggle</b>. <i>v.</i> To grow thickly together. 'They weeds be
a coming up agen as thick as ever they can diggle.' See
<small>Dicker</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Potterne.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Diggled</b>, <b>Daggled</b>. Covered over or hung thickly with anything.
Compare <small>Daglet</small>. 'Thick may-bush be aal diggled
wi' berries.'&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Diggles</b>. <i>n.</i> Abundance, plenty (S.). 'Let's go a blackberryin';
there's diggles up Grovely.' See <small>Diggle</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dill</b>, <b>Dill Duck</b>. A young duck.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dillcup</b>. <i>Ranunculus Ficaria</i>, L., Lesser Celandine (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Diller</b>. The shaft-horse (H.Wr.). See <small>Thiller</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dills</b>. See <small>Thills</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dimmets</b>. Dusk, twilight.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ding</b>. To strike violently (<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xv).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dishabille</b>. A labourer's working clothes. The word is not
used in Wilts in its ordinary sense of undress or negligent
costume, but a common excuse for not appearing at church
is that a man has nothing but his <i>dishabille</i> to wear. Fr.
<i>déshabillé</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dishwasher</b>. (1) <i>Motacilla flava</i>, the Yellow Wagtail (A.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>M. Yarrellii</i>, the Pied Wagtail (A.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Do</b>. 'To do for any one,' to manage or keep house for him.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dock</b>. <i>Malva sylvestris</i>, L., Common Mallow (A.). Now
restricted to <i>Rumex</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dodder</b>, <b>Dudder</b>, <b>Duther</b>, &amp;c. (1) <i>v.</i> To bewilder, to deafen
with noise (A.B.H.S.Wr.). 'I be vinny doddered, they childern
do yop so.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> 'All in a dudder,'
quite bewildered (H.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To deaden
anything, as pain. 'It sort o' dudders the pain.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Doddle-grass</b>. <i>Briza media</i>, L., Quaking Grass (<cite>English Plant
Names</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Doddler</b>. 'A bit of a doddler,' a small boy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog, how beest</b>? This phrase seems worth noting. At
Clyffe Pypard a person complaining of loneliness, or the
want of sociability or kindness amongst the neighbours, will
say, 'There isn't one as 'll so much as look in and say, "Dog,
how beest?"'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog-Cocks</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint. Compare <i>Dogs-dibble</i>
in N. Devon.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog-daisy</b>. Any large daisy-like white flower, such as <i>Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum</i>, L., Ox-eye Daisy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dogged</b>. (2 syl.) Very, excessively; as <i>dogged cute</i> (A.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Maester was dogged deep, but I was deeper!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 110.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dog out</b>. To drive out anything, as a sheep out of a quagmire,
by setting the dog furiously at it (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog's-mouth</b>. <i>Linaria vulgari</i>s, Mill., Yellow Toadflax.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dom</b>. A door case (H.Wr.): probably a mistake for <i>Dorn</i> or
<i>Doorn</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Domel</b>. See <small>Dumble</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Doner</b>. A man, animal, &amp;c., 'done for' and past hope (S.).
'Thuck old sow be a dunner; her 'll be dead afore night.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Donnings</b>. Clothes (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dooke</b>. (2 syl.) Do ye, will ye. 'Be quiet, dooke'
(H.M.Wr.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Obsolete, having been superseded by <i>do 'ee</i>. It was pronounced as
a dissyllable.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Skeat</span>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Door-Drapper</b> (i.e. Dropper or Dripper). The piece of wood
fastened to the bottom of cottage doors to shoot the water off
the 'Dreshol' (threshold).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Doorn</b>. A door frame (H.Wr.). Also <small>Durn</small> (S.). At Warminster
applied only to the sides of a door-frame.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Double</b>. 'He is a double man,' i.e. bent double with age or
infirmity.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Double-Dumb-Nettle</b>. <i>Ballota nigra</i>, L., Black Horehound.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Double-ladies'-fingers-and-thumbs</b>. <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i>, L.,
Kidney Vetch.&mdash;N.W. (Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Double-mound</b>. A double hedge (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. xi;
<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. ix. p. 152). See <small>Mound</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Double Pincushion</b>. <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i>, L., Kidney Vetch.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Doublets</b>. Twin lambs (<cite>Annals of Agric.</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dough-fig</b>. The same as <small>Lem-feg</small>. A Turkey Fig.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dout</b>. To put out, as 'Dout the candle' (A.B.S.): to smother
or extinguish fire by beating.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'An extinguisher "douts" a candle; the heel of a boot "douts" a
match thrown down. But the exact definition of "dout" is to
smother, or extinguish by beating.'&mdash;<cite>Village Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dowl</b>. The fine down of a bird.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Coots and moor-hens must be skinned, they could not be plucked
because of the "dowl." Dowl is the fluff, the tiny featherets no
fingers can remove.'&mdash;<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Down</b>. To tire out, to exhaust. 'That there 'oss's downed.'&mdash;N.W.
(Wroughton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Down-along</b>. 'He lives down-along,' a little way down the
street (S.), as opposed to 'up-along.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Down-arg</b>. To contradict in an overbearing manner (A.B.S.),
to browbeat.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Down-dacious</b>. Audacious (S.). 'Her's a right downdacious
young vaggot, that her is!'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Down-haggard</b>. Disconsolate (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Down-hearten</b>. To feel disheartened. 'A be vurry bad, but
I don't down-hearten about un.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dowse</b>. A blow (A.B.C.S.), as 'a dowse in the chops.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dowst</b>. (1) Chaff or cave. <small>Dust</small> (D.). (2) 'To go to
dowst,' go to bed, perhaps from <i>dowst</i> (chaff) being used to
fill mattresses. Heard at Huish occasionally, but not traced
elsewhere.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dowst-coob</b>. The chaff cupboard in a stable.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drag</b>. A harrow (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drail</b>. (1) In a plough, the iron bow from which the
traces draw, and by which the furrow is set (D.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>Crex pratensis</i>, the Landrail.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Drainted</b>. Of dirt, ingrained (H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drang</b>, <b>Drangway</b>, <b>Drung</b>. (1) A narrow lane. <small>Drun</small>
(H.Wr.).&mdash;S.W. (2) A narrow passage between walls or
houses. Drun (H.Wr.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drangway</b>. See <small>Drang</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drashel</b>, <b>Dreshol</b>, &amp;c. A flail (D.). The correct term for a flail
is a <i>drashel</i>, but '<i>a pair o' drashells</i>' (or 'dreshols') is more
commonly used, as two men generally work together.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Drattle</b>. Much talk (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Draught</b>. A cart-shaft. <small>Draats</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Draughts</b>. Hazel-rods selected for hurdle-making (D.). A
'draught' is not a rod, but a bundle of long wood suitable
for hurdles or pea-sticks, bound with a single withe.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drave</b>. 'I be slaving an' draving (i.e. working myself to
death) for he, night and day.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Draw</b>. (1) A squirrel's dray or nest.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough.)
(2) Rarely applied to a large nest, as a hawk's. Compare:&mdash;'<i>Draw</i>,
to build a nest (<cite>Berners</cite>),' an old hawking term.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drawing</b>. See <small>Drawn</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drawn</b>. In a water-meadow, the large open main drain which
carries the water back to the river, after it has passed
through the various carriages and trenches.&mdash;S.W. In
every-day use about Salisbury, and along the Avon and
Wiley from Downton to Codford, but rarely heard elsewhere.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Many of the meadows on either length [near Salisbury] abound in
ditches and "drawns."'&mdash;<cite>Fishing Gazette</cite>, July 18, 1891, p. 40, col. 2.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'I ... descried three birds, standing quite still [at Britford] by the
margin of a flooded "drawing."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xxi. 229.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dredge</b>, <b>Drodge</b>. Barley and oats grown together.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dribs-and-Drabs</b>. Odds and ends. 'All in dribs and drabs,'
all in tatters.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drieth</b>. See <small>Dryth</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drift</b>. A row of felled underwood (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dripple</b> See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drive</b>. Of manure, to stimulate growth. 'Thur, that'll drive
th' rhubub, <em>I</em> knaws!'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drock</b>. (1) A short drain under a roadway, often made
with a hollow tree.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) A broad flat stone
laid as a bridge across a ditch (<cite>Amaryllis at the Fair</cite>).&mdash;N.W.
(Castle Eaton, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Drock, a water-way, or sometimes the stone slab over a narrow
ditch.'&mdash;<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>, Aug. 1893.</p>

<p>'1674. Item Paid Richard Serrell for a Stone to make a Drocke.&mdash;<cite>Records
of Chippenham</cite>, p. 230.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(3) A water-course (H.Wr.). A water-way (<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>,
Aug. 1893).&mdash;N.W. (Castle Eaton, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Where meaning a water way, it is usually spoken of as a Drockway,
"drock" alone being the passage over the ditch.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Miss E.
Boyer-Brown.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(4) Used in compounds such as <small>Well-drock</small>, windlass.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drockway</b>. See <small>Drock</small> (3).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drodge</b>. See <small>Dredge</small> .</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dromedary</b>. (1) <i>Centaurea nigra</i>, L., Black Knapweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford St. Martin.) (2) <i>Centaurea Scabiosa</i>, L.,
Hardheads.&mdash;S.W. (Barford St. Martin.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dropping</b>. 'A dropping summer,' one when there is a shower
every two or three days (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. ii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drove</b>. A green roadway on a farm.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drown</b>. To turn the water over the meadows.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drowner</b>. The man who attends to the hatches, managing
the supply of water, and turning it on and off the meadows
at the proper times.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Drowning-bridge</b>. A water-meadow sluice-gate (A.B.G.H.
Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drowning-carriage</b>. A large water-course for drowning a
meadow. See <small>Carriage</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Droy</b>. A thunderbolt (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>, H.Wr.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Drucked</b>. Filled to overflowing (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drug</b>. (1) 'To drug timber,' to draw it out of the woods
under a pair of wheels (D.).&mdash;N.W. (2) 'To drug a
wheel,' to put on some kind of drag or chain.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Druid's-hair</b>. Long moss (H.Wr.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drun</b>. See <small>Drang</small> (H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drunge</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A crowd or crush of people (H.Wr.)&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To squeeze (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drunkards</b>. Flowers of <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold;
probably from the way in which they suck up water when
placed in a vase. The reason assigned by children for the
name is that if you look long at them you will be sure to
take to drink.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dry Cuckoo</b>, or <b>Dryland Cuckoo</b>. <i>Saxifraga granulata</i>, L.,
White Meadow Saxifrage. See <small>Cuckoo</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dryth</b>, or <b>Drieth</b>. Dryness, drought.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1633. The cryer ... to give warninge to the inhabitants to sett
payles of water at their doores in the late tyme of drieth and heate.'&mdash;<cite>Records
of Chippenham</cite>, p. 206.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dub</b>. To pelt with stones. 'Just dub that apple down out of
the tree, will 'ee?' See <small>Frog-dubbing</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dubbed</b>. Blunt, pointless (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dubbing</b>. 'A dubbin' o' drenk,' a pint or mug of beer
(A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dubby</b>. Oily.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Duck's-frost</b>. A very slight white frost.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'That kind of frost which comes on in the early morning, and is
accompanied with some rime on the grass&mdash;a duck's frost, just sufficient
to check fox-hunting.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Duckstone</b>. A game played by boys with stones (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dudder</b>. See <small>Dodder</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dudge</b>. (1) A bundle of anything used to stop a hole.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) *(2) 'Peg the dudge,' tap the
barrel (A.B.G.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dudman</b>. A scarecrow.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dumb-Ague</b>. A kind of ague which is not accompanied by
the usual shaking fits. ''Tis what 'ee do caal the dumb-agey.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dumble</b>. Stupid, dull (A.B.H.Wr.); also <small>Domel, Dummel, &amp;c.</small>&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Severe weather ... makes all wild animals "dummel" in provincial
phrase,&mdash;i.e. stupid, slow to move.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dumbledore</b>, or <b>Dumble</b>. The Humble-bee (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Th' mak'st a noise like a dumbledore in a pitcher.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>,
p. 68.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Dumb Nettle</b>. <i>Lamium album</i>, L., White Dead-nettle.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dump</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'A treacle dump,' a kind of coarse sweetmeat.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To blunt, as 'I've dumped my
scythe against a stone.'&mdash;N.W. (3) A pollard tree, as
'Ash-dump,' or 'Willow-dump.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dum-put</b>. See <small>Dung-pot</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch</b>. (1) Deaf (A.B.C.); now rarely so used. In <cite>Cunnington
MS.</cite> said to be at that time the usual N. Wilts term
for <i>deaf</i>.&mdash;N &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Ah! Molly, ye purtends to be as dunch as a bittle, but I kneows
'e hears ev'ry word I zays.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 81.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Stupid, heavy; now the common use. 'The wapses gets
dunch' in late autumn. A labourer who can't be made to
understand orders is 'dunch.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) Of bread,
heavy (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vii). Cf. <small>Dunch-dumpling.</small>&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W. <small>Dunchy</small> is frequently used in S. Wilts instead of
<small>Dunch</small>, but usually means deaf.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch-dumpling</b>. A hard-boiled flour-and-water dumpling
(A.B.C.) See <small>Dunch</small> (3).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch-nettle</b>, <b>Dunse-nettle</b>. (1) <i>Lamium purpureum</i>, L.,
Red Dead-nettle. <small>Dunch</small>=stupid, inactive. Cf. <small>Deaf-nettle</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>Lamium album</i>, L., White Dead-nettle.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dung-pot</b>. A dung-cart (D.); rarely <small>Dum-put</small>. See <small>Pot</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Dup</b>. 'To dup the door,' to open or unfasten it (<cite>Lansd. MS.</cite>
1033).&mdash;Obsolete. Cf. :&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Then up he rose, and donn'd his clothes,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">And dupp'd the chamber-door.'&mdash;<cite>Hamlet</cite>, iv. 5.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="ind2">The word now means the very reverse.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dutch Elder</b>. <i>Aegopodium Podagraria</i>, L., Goutweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Duther</b>, <b>Dutter</b>. See <small>Dodder</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Ea-grass</b>. After-grass (D.); Lammas grass as well as aftermath.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Eass</b> (sometimes <b>Yees</b>). An earthworm.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Edge-growed</b>. Of barley, both growing and ripening irregularly;
the result of a want of rain after it is first sown (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Eel-scrade</b>. A kind of eel-trap.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A trap used to catch eels, placed near a weir. The water is turned
into the scrade when high, and the fish washed up to a stage through
which the water finds an outlet, the fish, however, being retained on
the platform by a piece of sloping iron.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">F. M. Willis.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Eel-sticher</b>. An eel-spear.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Wishing to secure [a Little Grebe] in summer plumage, I asked
the old "drowner" in our meadows to look out for one for me&mdash;and
this he very soon did, fishing one out from under the water between
the spikes of his eel-sticher, as it was diving under the water.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> xxii. 193.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Effet</b>, <b>Evet</b>. <i>Lissotriton punctatus</i>, the Newt (A.S.)&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'She ... sometimes peered under the sage-bush to look at the
"effets" that hid there.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Eggs-and-Bacon</b>. <i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, Mill., Yellow Toadflax.
Cf. <small>Bacon-and-Eggs</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Eggs-eggs</b>. Fruit of the hawthorn.&mdash;S.W. (Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Elet</b>. Fuel (H.Wr.). *<small>Ollit</small> (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>).&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Elm</b>, <b>Helm</b>, or <b>Yelm</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To make up 'elms.'&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Two or three women are busy "yelming," i.e. separating the
straw, selecting the longest and laying it level and parallel, damping
it with water, and preparing it for the yokes.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> (Almost invariably pl.,'elms' being the usual form).
Small bundles or handfuls of fresh straw, damped and laid
out straight for the thatcher's use (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi). See
<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 111. According to Prof.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>
Skeat <i>yelm</i>, seldom now used in Wilts, is the correct form,
from A.S. <i>gilm</i>, a handful. About Marlborough it is usually
pronounced as <i>Yelms</i>, but at Clyffe Pypard there is not the
slightest sound of <i>y</i> in it. Elsewhere it is frequently
pronounced as <i>Ellums</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Eltrot</b>. <i>Heracleum Sphondylium</i>, L., Cow-parsnip (S.). *<small>Altrot</small>
at Zeals.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Emmet</b>. The Ant (S.). 'Ant' is never used in Wilts.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Emmet-heap</b>. An anthill.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>En</b>. (1) <i>pl. termination</i>, as <small>Housen</small>, houses; <small>Hipsen</small>, rose-berries;
<small>Keyn</small>, keys; <small>Facen</small>, faces; <small>Wenchen</small>, girls; <small>Bluen</small>,
blossoms; <small>Naas'n</small>, nests (rarely heard, <i>Nestises</i> being the
usual form); <small>Pigs'-sousen</small>, pigs'-ears.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In North Wilts ... the formation of the Plural by affixing <i>en</i> to
the Noun is almost universal, as house housen, &amp;c.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>adj. term.</i>, as <small>Harnen</small>, made of horn; <small>Stwonen</small>, of stone;
<small>Elmin</small>, of elm wood, &amp;c. '<small>Boughten</small> bread,' baker's bread,
as opposed to home-made. 'A <small>dirten</small> floor,' a floor made
of earth, beaten hard. 'A <small>tinnin</small> pot.' 'A <small>glassen</small> cup.'
<small>Boarden</small>, made of boards; <small>Treen-dishes</small>, wooden platters,
&amp;c. 'There's some volk as thinks to go droo life in glassen
slippers.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Almost as universal too is the transformation of the Substantive
into an adjective by the same termination as ... a Leatheren Shoe,
an elmen Board, &amp;c.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(3) See <small>Pronouns</small>.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The pronoun Possessive too is formed in the same way, as hisn
hern Ourn theirn.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>English Parrot</b>. <i>Picus viridis</i>, the Green Woodpecker (<cite>Birds
of Wilts</cite>, p. 251).&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ether</b>, <b>Edder</b>. The top-band of a fence, the wands of hazel,
&amp;c., woven in along the top of a 'dead hedge,' or wattled
fence, to keep it compact (A.B.). A 'stake and ether' fence.
A.S. <i>edor</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Mughall [Midghall] had nothing to doe withought [without] the
Eyther [hedge] between Bradene Lane and Shropshire Marsh.'&mdash;1602,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
MS., <cite>Perambulation of the Great Park of Fasterne, N.W.</cite>, in Devizes
Museum.</p></blockquote>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'An eldern stake and blackthorn ether<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Will make a hedge to last for ever.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Saying</cite> (A.).<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Eve</b>. See <small>Heave</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Even-ash</b>. Ash-leaves with an equal number of leaflets, carried
by children in the afternoon of the 29th May (<cite>Wild Life</cite>,
ch. v). See <small>Shitsac</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Evet</b>. See <small>Effet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ex</b>, pl. <b>Exes</b>. An axle (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Eyles</b>. See <small>Ailes</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>F</b>. (1) <i>F</i> for <i>th</i>. Examples :.&mdash;<i>Fust</i>, thirst; <i>afust</i>, athirst.
An old characteristic of the Western and South-Western
groups of dialect. (2) F, at the beginning of a word, is
frequently sounded as <i>v</i>, as fall, <i>vall</i>; flick, <i>vlick</i>; font, <i>vant</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fadge</b>. See <small>Fodge</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fag</b>. See <small>Vag</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Faggot</b>, <b>Fakket</b>. (1) A woman of bad character is 'a nasty
stinking faggot (or vaggot).' Often used in a milder sense,
as 'You young vaggot! [you bad girl] what be slapping the
baby vor?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Damn you vor a gay wench, vor that's what you be, an' no mistake
about it; a vaggot as I wun't hae in <em>my</em> house no longer.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>,
ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) A rissole of chopped pig's-liver and seasoning, covered
with 'flare': also known as <small>Bake-faggot</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Tripe an mince meat,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Vaggots an pigs veet,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">An blackpuddins stale, on which to regale.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Slow's</span> <cite>Poems</cite>, p. 26.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Falarie</b>. Disturbance, excitement, commotion.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Look'ee here, there 've bin a fine falarie about you, Zur." He
meant that there had been much excitement when it was found that
Bevis was not in the garden, and was nowhere to be found.'&mdash;<cite>Wood
Magic</cite>, ch. ii.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'Used about Wilton, but not so extensively as its synonym <i>rumpus</i>.'&mdash;<cite>Letter
from Mr. Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fall about</b>. <i>v.</i> Of a woman: to be confined. 'His wife bin
an' fell about laas' night.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fall down</b>. Of arable land: to be allowed to relapse of itself
into poor rough pasture.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Some of the land is getting "turnip-sick," the roots come stringy
and small and useless, so that many let it "vall down."'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>,
ch. i. p. 6.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Falling</b>. <i>n.</i> A downfall of snow. 'I thenks we shall have
some vallen soon.' Only used of snow.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Falling-post</b>. The front upright timber of a gate. Occasionally
heard at Huish; <small>Head</small>, however, being the more usual term
there.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Falsify</b>. Of seeds, young trees, &amp;c.: to fail, to come to nought.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fancy man</b>. A married woman's lover. 'He be Bill's wife's
fancy man, that's what <em>he</em> do be.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fang</b>. To strangle; to bind a wounded limb so tightly as to
stop the flow of blood (A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fantag</b>, <b>Fanteague</b>, &amp;c. (1) <i>n.</i> Fluster, fuss. <small>Fantaig</small> (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Vagaries or larks, as 'Now, none o'
your fantaigs here!' At Clyffe Pypard, N.W., 'a regular
fantaig' would be a flighty flirting lad or girl, a 'wondermenting
or gammotty sort of a chap.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fardingale</b>. A quarter of an acre (H.Wr. <cite>Lansd. MS.</cite>). The
old form is <i>Farding-deal</i> (Wr.). Compare <i>Thurindale</i>, &amp;c.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1620. Itm, to the same Thomas &amp; Nicholas Lea for theire helpe
to laye the Acres into ffarendells.'&mdash;<cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, p. 202.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'1649. Twoe ffarthendels of grasse.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> p. 217.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Farewell Summer</b>. The Michaelmas Daisy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fashion</b>. The farcey, a disease in horses (A.H.Wr.). Fr.
<i>farcin</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'An old Wiltshire farmer, when his grand-daughters appeared before
him with any new piece of finery, would ask what it all meant. The
girls would reply, "<i>fashion</i>, gran'váther!" when the old man would
rejoin, "Ha! many a good horse has died o' th' fashion!"'&mdash;<cite>Akerman.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Favour</b>. To resemble in features, &amp;c. 'He doesn't favour you,
Sir.... He is his mother's own boy.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Featish</b>. Fair, tolerable (A.B.). Used of health, crops, &amp;c.
'How be 'e ?' 'Featish, thank 'e.'&mdash;'There's a featish crop
o' grass yander!' (A.). M.E. <i>fetis</i> (in Chaucer), O.F. fetis,
<i>faitis</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The worthy farmer proceeded to ask how the children got on at
the Sunday-school. "Oh, featish, zur ... Sally, yander ... her's
gettin' on oonderful."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, pp. 139-140.</p>

<p>'"How's your voice?" "Aw, featish [fairish]. I zucked a thrush's
egg to clear un."'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferns Farm</cite>, ch. i.</p>

<p>'"Ees, this be featish tackle," meaning the liquor was good.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
ch. vii.</p>

<p>'A' be a featish-looking girl, you.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> ch. i.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fern Buttercup</b>. <i>Potentilla Anserina</i>, L., Silverweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fess</b>. (1) Of animals: bad-tempered, fierce. A cat with its
back up looks 'ter'ble fess.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Cocky,
impudent, confident. Also used in Hants.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.
(3) Proud, stuck-up (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fet</b>. See <small>Preterites</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fevertory</b>. <i>Fumaria</i>, Fumitory, from which a cosmetic for
removing freckles used to be distilled.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'If you wish to be pure and holy,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Wash your face with fevertory.'&mdash;<cite>Local Rhyme.</cite><br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Few</b>. 'A goodish few,' or 'a main few,' a considerable quantity
or number.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I ferrets a goodish few rabbits on bright nights in winter.'&mdash;<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fiddle-strings</b>. The ribs of the Plantain leaf, when pulled
out. See <small>Cat-gut</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Field</b>. The space, or bay, between beam and beam in
a barn, as 'a barn of four fields.' (D.).</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Figged</b> (<i>two syll.</i>), <b>Figgedy</b>, <b>Figgetty</b>, <b>Figgy</b>. (1) Made
with a few 'figs,' or raisins, as 'viggy pudden.' Figged
Pudding, Plum pudding (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite>, 1814). Figgetty
Pooden (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <small>Figged.</small> Spotted all over,
as a pudding is with plums.&mdash;S.W. A true-born Moon-raker,
describing his first night in 'Lunnon,' where he
made the acquaintance of numerous members of the 'Norfolk-Howard'
family (<i>Cimex lectularius</i>), spoke of his face
as being 'vigged aal auver wi' spots an' bumps afore
marning.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fighting-cocks</b>. <i>Plantago media</i>, L., and other Plantains.
Children 'fight' them, head against head.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Filtry</b>. Rubbish. 'Ther's a lot o' filtry about this house.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fine</b>. Of potatoes, very small.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fingers-and-Thumbs</b>. Blossoms of <i>Ulex Europaeus</i>, L., Common
Furze (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fire-deal</b>. A good deal (H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fire-new</b>, <b>Vire-new</b>. Quite new (A.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Firk</b>. (1) To worry mentally, to be anxious; as 'Don't
firk so,' or 'Don't firk yourself.' A cat does not <i>firk</i>
a mouse when 'playing' with it, but the mouse <i>firks</i>
grievously.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough). (2) To be officiously
busy or inquisitive, as 'I can't abear that there chap
a-comin' firkin' about here.' A policeman getting up a case
<i>firks about</i> the place, ferreting out all the evidence he can.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fitten</b>. A pretence (A.B.).&mdash;Obsolete. Compare:</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He doth feed you with fittons, figments, and leasings.'&mdash;<cite>Cynthia's
Revels.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fitty</b>. In good health. 'How be 'ee?' 'Ter'ble fitty.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Flabber-gaster</b>. <i>n.</i> Idle talk (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flag</b>. The blade of wheat.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The wheat was then showing a beautiful flag.... The flag is the
long narrow green leaf of the wheat.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. i. p. 8.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Flake</b>. <i>n.</i> (1) A frame, barred with ash or willow spars,
somewhat resembling a light gate, used as a hurdle where
extra strength is needed (<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. xii; <cite>Wild Life</cite>,
ch. iv). 'Flake' hurdles are used to divide a field, or for
cattle, the ordinary sheep hurdles being too weak for the
purpose.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To make 'flakes.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flamtag</b>. A slatternly woman.&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flare</b>. (1) The flick, or internal fat of a pig, before it is
melted down to make lard.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) The caul,
or thin skin of the intestines of animals, used for covering
'bake-faggots,' &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fleck</b>. See <small>Flick</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flews</b>. A sluice is occasionally so called. See <small>Flowse</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flewy</b>. Of a horse, troubled with looseness. 'He's what
we calls a flewy 'oss, can't kip nothing in 'im.' Cf. North
of Eng. <i>Flewish</i>, morally or physically weak. In Hants
a horse of weakly constitution is said to be <i>flue</i> or <i>fluey</i>
(Cope).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flick</b>, <b>Fleck</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The internal fat of a pig (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. *(2) <i>v.</i> To flare (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flig-me-jig</b>. A girl of doubtful character. 'Her's a reg'lar
flig-me-jig.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flirk</b>. To flip anything about (H.Wr.), as a duster in flicking
a speck of dust off a table (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Flirt is the
S. Wilts form of the word.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Flitch</b>. (1) Pert, lively, officious (A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Right flygge and mery.' <cite>Paston Letters</cite>, iv. 412.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(2) To be <i>flick</i> or <i>flitch</i> with any one, to be familiar or
intimate (C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flitmouse</b>. The bat. A shortened form of <i>Flittermouse</i>.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flitters</b>. Pieces. A cup falls, and is broken 'aal to vlitters.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Floating</b> or <b>Flowing meadow</b>. A meadow laid up in
ridges with water-carriages on each ridge and drains
between (D.). A lowland meadow watered from a river,
as opposed to Catch-meadow (<cite>Annals of Agric.</cite>). <small>Floted
meadowes</small> (Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 51, ed. Brit.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flod</b>. See <small>Preterites</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flop-a-dock</b>. <i>Digitalis purpurea</i>, L., Foxglove.&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Floppetty</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of a woman, untidy, slatternly in dress or
person. <small>Flopperty</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flowing Meadows</b>. See <small>Floating Meadows</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flowse</b>. (1) <i>v. act.</i> You 'flowse,' or splash, the water
over you in a bath.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v. neut.</i> Water is
said to be 'flowsing down' when rushing very strongly
through a mill hatch. A horse likes to 'flowse about' in
a pond.&mdash;S.W. (3) <i>n.</i> The rush of water through a
hatch.&mdash;S.W. (4) <i>n.</i> Occasionally also applied to the
narrow walled channel between the hatch gate and the pool
below.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flucksey</b>. <i>adj.</i> 'A flucksey old hen,' i.e. a hen who makes
a great fuss over her chickens.&mdash;S.W. (Bishopstrow, &amp;c.)
Cope's <cite>Hants Glossary</cite> has:&mdash;'<i>Flucks</i>, to peck in anger like
a hen.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flump</b>. 'To come down flump, like a twoad from roost,' to
fall heavily (A.B.S.); also used alone as a verb, as 'Her
vlumped down in thic chair.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flunk</b>. A spark of fire; probably a form of <small>Blink</small>, q.v.
<small>Vlonker</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flush</b>. *(1) <i>n.</i> Of grass, a strong and abundant growth
(<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii). (2) <i>adj.</i> Of grass, &amp;c., luxuriant.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>adj.</i> Of young birds, fledged (A.B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flustrated</b>. (1) Taken aback, flustered.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A didn't zay anything ... but a looked a leetle flustrated like.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 119.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Tipsy.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fluttery</b>. Of weather, catchy, uncertain, showery. ''T ull
be a main fluttery hay-making to-year, I warnd.'&mdash;N.W.
(Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fodder</b>. A labourer 'fodders' his boots&mdash;stuffs soft hay
into them to fill up, when they are too large for him
(<cite>Village Miners</cite>).</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang">*<b>Fodge</b> (rarely <b>Fadge</b>). In packing fleeces of wool, when the
quantity is too small to make up a full 'bag' of 240 lbs.,
the ends of the bag are gathered together as required, and
the sides skewered over them, thus forming the small
package known as a 'fodge.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fog</b>. <i>v.</i> To give fodder to cattle. Cf. Welsh <i>ffwg</i>, dry grass.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<i>Fogging</i>, the giving of fodder ... from a Middle English root ... is
common in Mid-Wilts.'&mdash;<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>, Aug. 1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fog off</b>. To damp off, as cuttings often do in a greenhouse.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fogger</b>. A man who attends to the cows and takes them
their fodder morning and evening (<cite>My Old Village</cite>, &amp;c.).
A groom or man-servant (H.Wr.), the duties of groom and
fogger being usually discharged by the same man on farms
about Marlborough.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Foldsail</b>, <b>Fossel</b>. A fold-shore (D.). See <small>Sails</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A fold stake, locally called a "fossle."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xxi. 132.</p>

<p>'The "fossels" means the <i>fold-shores</i>, or the <i>stakes</i> to which the
hurdles are shored up, and fastened with a loose twig wreath at the
top.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> xvii. 304.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fold-shore</b>. A stake pitched to support a hurdle (D.H.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Follow or Follow on</b>. To continue.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'If you do want a good crop, you must <i>follow on</i> a hoeing o' the
ground; but you can't do no hoeing so long as it do <i>follow</i> raining.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 111.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Folly</b>. A circular plantation of trees on a hill, as 'Harnham
Folly,' or 'The Long Folly' on Compton Down. This seems
quite distinct from its more general use as applied to a tower
or other building which is too pretentious or costly for its
builder's position and means.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Every hill seems to have a Folly," she said, looking round. "I
mean a clump of trees on the top."'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. vi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Foot-cock</b>. The small cock into which hay is first put (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Footy</b>. Paltry (A.B.), as a present not so large as was expected
(<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>For</b>. Often affixed to the verbs <i>say</i> and <i>think</i>. ''Tean't the
same as you said for'; 'I bean't as old as you thinks for.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fore-eyed</b>. Fore-seeing, apt to look far ahead (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fore-spur</b>. A fore-leg of pork (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Forefeed</b>, <b>Vorfeed</b>. To turn cattle out in spring into a pasture
which is afterwards to be laid up for hay.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Foreright</b>, <b>Vorright</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Headstrong, self-willed. 'He's
that vorright there's no telling he anything.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>adj.</i> Blunt, rude, candid.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.) (3)
Just opposite. 'The geat's vorright thuck shard.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Forel</b>. The actual cover of a book, not the material in which
it is bound. This is the usual term in Som. Old Fr. <i>fourrel</i>,
a sheath, case.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fork</b>. The apparatus used by thatchers for carrying the elms
up to the roof.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Forester</b>. (1) A New Forest horse-fly.&mdash;S.W. (2) Any
very tall thistle growing among underwood.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fossel</b>. See <small>Foldsail</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fot</b>. See <small>Preterites</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frame</b> A skeleton. 'Her's nothing in the world but a frame.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Frea</b>, <b>Fry</b>. To make a brushwood drain (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Freglam</b>. Odds and ends of cold vegetables, fried up with
a little bacon to give a relish. Compare Lanc. <i>Braughwham</i>,
cheese, eggs, clap-bread, and butter, all boiled together.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>French Grass</b>. <i>Onobrychis sativa</i>, L., Sainfoin.&mdash;N.W.
(Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fresh liquor</b>. Unsalted hog's-fat (A).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frickle</b>, <b>Friggle</b>. (1) To potter about at little jobs, such as
an old man can do. 'I bain't up to a day's work now;
I can't do nothing but frickle about in my garne.'&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W. (2) To fidget, to worry about a thing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He freggled [fidgetted] hisself auver thuck paason as come a bit
ago.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Frickling</b>, <b>Friggling</b>. <i>adj.</i> Tiresome, involving much minute
attention or labour. Used of fiddling little jobs.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Friggle</b>. <i>n.</i> A worrying little piece of work. 'I be so caddled
wi' aal these yer friggles, I caan't hardly vind time vor a bit
o' vittles.' See <small>Frickle</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frith</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'Quick,' or young whitethorn for planting
hedges.&mdash;N.W. *(2) <i>n.</i> Thorns or brush underwood (D).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1605. Itm to James Smalwood for an Acre &amp; halfe of hedginge
frith out of Heywood.... Item for felling the same frith.'&mdash;<cite>Records of
Chippenham</cite>, p. 194.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(3) <i>v.</i> To make a brushwood drain, as opposed to <small>Grip</small>,
q.v. (D).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Froar</b>. Frozen (A.B.S.); generally <small>Vroar</small> or <small>Vr&#335;r</small> in N. Wilts,
but the usual form at Wroughton, N.W., is <small>Froren</small>. A.S.
<i>gefroren</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frog-dubbing</b>. Boys throw a frog into a shallow pool, and
then 'dub' or pelt it, as it tries to escape. See <small>Dub</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Froom</b>. See <small>Frum</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frout</b>. Of animals: to take fright. 'My horse frouted and
run away.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frouten</b>, <b>Froughten</b>. To frighten (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Lor, Miss, how you did froughten I!'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Frow</b>. See <small>Brow</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Frum</b>, <b>Froom</b>. Of vegetables, grass, &amp;c.: fresh and juicy (A.B.);
strong-growing or rank. A.S. <i>from</i>, vigorous, strong.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fry</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A brushwood drain (H.Wr.). See <small>Frith</small> (3).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To make a brushwood drain (D.). Also
<small>Frea</small> and <small>Frith</small> (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1790. For 234 Lugg Hollow frying in Englands 2.18.6.'&mdash;<cite>Records
of Chippenham</cite>, p. 248.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fullmare</b>. <i>n.</i> In my childhood I remember being told more
than once by servants at Morden, near Swindon, N.W., that
a colt which was playing about in a field near was 'a fullmare.'
Could this possibly have been a survival of the old word
'<i>Folymare</i>, a young foal,' which is given by Halliwell and
Wright as occurring in a fifteenth-century MS. at Jesus
College, Oxford? I have never heard the word elsewhere.&mdash;<i>G.
E. D</i>.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fur</b>. <i>n.</i> The calcareous sediment in a kettle, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Furlong</b> (pronounced <small>Vurlin</small>). The strip of newly-ploughed
land lying between two main furrows.&mdash;N.W. (Lockeridge.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fur up</b>. Water-pipes, kettles, &amp;c., when coated inside with
'rock,' or the calcareous sediment of hard water, are said to
'fur up,' or to be 'furred up.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Furze-hawker</b>. <i>Saxicola oenanthe</i>, the Wheatear.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Furze Robin</b>. <i>Saxicola rubicola</i>, the Stonechat (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 150).&mdash;N.W. (Sutton Benger.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fuzz-ball</b>. <i>Lycoperdon Bovista</i>, L., Puffball.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Gaa-oot!</b> See <small>Horses</small> (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gaam</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To smear or bedaub with anything sticky.
<small>Gaamze</small> (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). (2) <i>n.</i> A sticky mass of
anything. See <small>Gam</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Many years ago, at a
Yeomanry ball in a certain town in N. Wilts, the Mayor, who
had done his duty manfully up to then, stopped short in the
middle of a dance, and mopping his face vigorously, gasped
out to his astonished partner, a lady of high position, 'Well,
I don't know how <em>you</em> be, Marm, but <em>I</em> be ael of a gaam
o' zweat!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gaamy</b>, <b>Gammy</b>. Daubed with grease, &amp;c., sticky. In Hal.
and Wr. '<small>Gaam</small>, <i>adj.</i> sticky, clammy,' is apparently an error,
<i>gaamy</i> being probably intended.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gaapsey</b>. <i>n.</i> A sight to be stared at. See <small>Gapps</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gaapus</b>. <i>n.</i> A fool, a stupid fellow. 'What be at, ye girt
gaapus!'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gabborn</b>. Of rooms or houses, comfortless, bare (B.C.). <small>Gabbern</small>
(A.H.) and <small>Gabern</small> (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv. p. 78). This term
always denotes largeness without convenience or comfort
(<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite>).&mdash;N.W. <small>Gabberny</small> on Berks bord.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gage-ring</b>. An engagement ring (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. x).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Galley-bagger</b>. A scarecrow (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></p>


<p class="hang"><b>Galley-crow</b>. A scarecrow (A.H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Maester," said the child, "wull 'e let m' chainge hats wi' thuck
galley-crow yander?" ... pointing to a scarecrow at the other end of
the garden.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 103.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallivant</b>. To be gadding about on a spree with a companion
of the opposite sex (S.): to run after the girls, or 'chaps,'
as the case may be.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallow</b>. See <small>Gally</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallows</b> (pronounced <i>Gallus</i>). *(1) A pair of braces. (2)
Exceedingly. Used with any adjective; as 'Gallus dear,'
very expensive (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv. p. 75).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A gallus bad wench her be!'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xviii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(3) 'He's a gallus chap,' i.e. plucky.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallows-gate</b>. A light gate, consisting only of a hinged style,
top-rail, and one strut.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallus</b>. See <small>Gallows</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gally</b>, <b>Gallow</b>. To frighten or terrify. <small>Gallow</small> (B.H., <cite>Lansd.
MS.</cite>), <small>Gally</small> (A.B.S.), Pret. <i>gallered</i>, astonished, frightened
(A.B.C.S.) 'He gallered I amwost into vits.' Still in
use about Marlborough and in S.W. From M.E. <i>galwen</i>;
A.S. <i>agælwan</i>, to stupefy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i12">'The wrathful skies<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Gallow the very wanderers of the dark.'&mdash;<cite>Lear</cite>, iii. 2.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="ind2">The word is still commonly used in the whale-fishery:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Young bulls ... are ... easily "gallied," that is, frightened.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Marryat</span>,
<cite>Poor Jack</cite>, ch. vi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Gam</b>. A sticky mass, as 'all in a gam.' See <small>Gaam</small> (2).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. In S. Wilts the <i>a</i> in this word and its
derivatives is usually short, while in N. Wilts it is broad
in sound.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gambrel</b>. The piece of wood or iron used by butchers for
extending or hanging a carcase (A.). <small>Gamel</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gamel</b>. See <small>Gambrel</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gammer</b>. A woodlouse.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gammet</b>, <b>Gamut</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Fun, frolicsome tricks. 'You
be vull o' gamuts.'&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To frolic, to play the
fool. See <small>Gammock</small> and <small>Gannick</small>. 'Thee bist allus a
gammetting.'&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To play off practical jokes;
to take in any one.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gammock</b>. <i>v.</i> To lark about, to play the fool, to frolic. See
<small>Gannick</small> and <small>Gammet</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gammotty</b>, <b>Gammutty</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Frolicsome, larky. See
<small>Gammet</small>.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>adj.</i> Of cheese, ill-flavoured. See
<small>Cammocky</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gammy</b>. (1) Sticky. See <small>Gaamy</small>.&mdash;S.W. (2) Lame,
crippled, having a 'game leg.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gamut</b>. See <small>Gammet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gander-flanking, To go</b>. To go off larking or 'wondermenting.'
Perhaps a corruption of <i>gallivanting</i>.&mdash;S.W. (Upton
Scudamore.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gandigoslings</b>. <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L., Early Purple Orchis.
Compare <i>Gandergosses</i> in <i>Gerarde</i> (<i>Appendix</i>), and <i>Candle-gostes</i>
in <cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>. Also see <small>Dandy-goslings</small>, <small>Dandy-goshen</small>,
<small>Goosey-ganders</small>, <small>Goslings</small>, <small>Grampha-Griddle-Goosey-Gander</small>,
and <small>Granfer-goslings</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gannick</b>. To lark about, to play the fool. See <small>Gammock</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(Warminster, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gapps</b>, <b>Gaapsey</b>. To gape or stare at anything. 'Thee'st
allus a gaapsin' about.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Garley-gut</b>. A gluttonous person. Perhaps connected with
<i>gorle</i>, to devour eagerly (see Halliwell).</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'"Let's go to bed," says Heavy-Head,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">"Let's bide a bit," says Sloth,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">"Put on the pot," says Garley-gut,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">"We'll sup afore we g'auf" [go off].'&mdash;<cite>Nursery Rhyme.</cite><br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Gashly</b>. See <small>Ghastly</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gate</b>. <i>n.</i> Excitement, 'taking.' 'Her wur in a vine gate
wi't.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gatfer</b>. See <small>Gotfer</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gauge-brick</b>. A brick which shows by its change of colour
when the oven is hot enough for baking. Cf. <small>Warning-stone</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'She knew when the oven was hot enough by the gauge-brick: this
particular brick as the heat increased became spotted with white, and
when it had turned quite white the oven was ready.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>,
ch. viii. p. 152.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Gawl-cup</b>. See <small>Gold-cup</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gawney</b>. A simpleton (A.H.S.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Leave m' 'lone y' great gawney!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 83.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Gay</b>. Of wheat, rank in the blade (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gee</b>, <b>Jee</b>. To agree, to work well together (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Genow</b>. See <small>Go-now</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gentlemen's-and-ladies'-fingers</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L.,
Cuckoo-pint. Cf. <small>Lady's-Finger</small> (2).&mdash;S.W. (Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ghastly</b> (pronounced Gashly). This word is used in many
ways, as 'Thick hedge wur gashly high, but it be ter'ble
improved now.'&mdash;N.W. (Huish.) At Etchilhampton,
N.W., a 'gashly ditch' is one that is cut too wide.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gibbles</b>. Onions grown from bulbs. Cf. <small>Chipples</small> and
<small>Cribbles</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gicksey</b>. See <small>Kecks</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Giggley</b>. See <small>Goggley</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gigletting</b>. <i>adj.</i> Fond of rough romping; wanton. Used
only of females. 'Dwoan't ha' no truck wi' thuck there
giglettin' wench o' his'n.'&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gilcup</b>. Buttercups in general; occasionally restricted to
<i>R. Ficaria</i>. Cf. <small>Gold-cup</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gill</b>. A low four-wheeled timber-carriage (<cite>Cycl. of Agric.</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gilty-cup</b>. <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gin-and-Water Market</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Some towns have only what is called a "gin-and-water" market:
that is, the "deal" is begun and concluded from small samples carried
in the pocket and examined at an inn over a glass of spirits and
water.'&mdash;<cite>The Toilers of the Field</cite>, p. 28.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gipsy</b>. Carnation grass, <i>Carex panicea</i>, L., because it turns
so brown.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gipsy-rose</b>. <i>Scabiosa atropurpurea</i>, L., the Garden Scabious.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Girls</b>. The short-pistilled or 'thrum-eyed' blossoms of the
Primrose, <i>Primula vulgaris</i>, L. See <small>Boys</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gix</b>, <b>Gicksey</b>, &amp;c. See <small>Kecks</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Glory-hole</b>. A place for rubbish or odds and ends, as a housemaid's
cupboard, or a lumber room.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This has nothing to do with Lat. <i>gloria</i>, but is connected with
M.E. <i>glorien</i>, to befoul (<i>Prompt. Parv.</i>). Compare Prov. Eng. <i>glorry</i>,
greasy, fat. Thus <i>glory-hole</i>=a dirty, untidy nook. See <cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>,
p. 145.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Glox</b>. This is given by most authorities as a noun, and
defined as 'the sound of liquids when shaken in a barrel'
(A.B.H.Wr.); but it is really a verb, and refers to the
motion and peculiar gurgling of liquids against the side of
a barrel or vessel that is not quite full (C.). In Hants
<i>gloxing</i> is the noise made by falling, gurgling water (Cope).
Cf. <small>Lottle</small>.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Fill the Barrel full, John, or else it will glox in Carriage.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington
MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Glutch</b>. To swallow (A.B.C.S.). According to <cite>Cunnington MS</cite>,
the use of <i>glutch</i> implies that there is some difficulty in
swallowing, while <i>quilt</i> is to swallow naturally.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Glutcher</b>. The throat (S.). See <small>Glutch</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gnaa-post</b>. A simpleton (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gnaing</b>. To mock, to insult (S.). Also used in West of
England and Sussex.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goat-weed</b>. <i>Polygonum Convolvulus</i>, L., Black Bindweed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gob</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Much chatter (S.).&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To talk.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Goche</b>. A pitcher (H.Wr.). Perhaps a mistake, as Morton
(<cite>Cycl. of Agric.</cite>) gives <i>gotch</i> under Norfolk.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gog</b>, <b>Goggmire</b>. A swamp or quagmire. Cf. <small>Quavin-gog</small>.
'I be all in a goggmire,' in a regular fix or dilemma.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In Minty Common ... is a boggie place, called the <i>Gogges</i>....
<i>Footnote</i>. Perhaps a corruption of <i>quag</i>, itself a corruption of <i>quake</i>. "I
be all in a goggmire" is a North Wilts phrase for being in what
appears an inextricable difficulty.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span> <cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 271.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Goggle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A snail-shell. Cf. E. <i>cockle</i> (Skeat).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<b>Guggles</b>, the empty shells of snails&mdash;not the large brown kind,
but those of various colours.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Miss E. Boyer-Brown.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> 'To go goggling,' to collect snail-shells (<cite>Springtide</cite>,
p. 89).&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To shake or tremble, as a table
with one leg shorter than the others. 'I do trembly an'
goggly ael day.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (4) <i>n.</i> 'All of a goggle,'
shaking all over, especially from physical weakness. 'How
are you to-day, Sally?' 'Lor', Zur! I be aal of a goggle.'
'What on earth do you mean?' 'Why, I be zo ter'ble
giggly, I can't scarce kip my lags nohow.'&mdash;S.W. (Steeple
Ashton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goggles</b>. A disease in sheep (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xiv).&mdash;N.W.
(Castle Eaton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goggly</b>. Unsteady, shaky. Sometimes <small>Giggly</small> is used, as in
example given under <small>Goggle</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goggmire</b>. See <small>Gog</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gold</b>. Nodules of iron pyrites in chalk.&mdash;N.W. Heard once
or twice, near Clyffe Pypard, years ago.&mdash;G. E. D.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'On past the steep wall of an ancient chalk-quarry, where the
ploughboys search for pyrites, and call them thunderbolts and "gold,"
for when broken the radial metallic fibres glisten yellow.'&mdash;<cite>Greene
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Gold-cup</b> (pronounced <i>Gawl-cup</i>). The various forms of
Buttercup. Cf. <small>Gilcup</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Golden Chain</b>. (1) Laburnum (S.). The general name for
it in Wilts.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>Lathyrus pratensis</i>, L.,
Meadow Vetchling.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goldlock</b>. <i>Sinapis arvensis</i>, L., Charlock.&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Go-now</b>, <b>Genow</b>, <b>Good-now</b>. Used as an expletive, or an
address to a person (S.). 'What do 'ee thenk o' that,
genow!' Also used in Dorset.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gooding Day</b>. St. Thomas' Day, when children go 'gooding,'
or asking for Christmas boxes.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Good Neighbour</b>. Jefferies (<cite>Village Miners</cite>) speaks of a weed
called by this name, but does not identify it. See below.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Good Neighbourhood</b>. (1) <i>Chenopodium Bonus-Henricus</i>,
L., Good King Henry.&mdash;N.W. (Devizes.) (2) <i>Centranthus
ruber</i>, DC., Red Spur Valerian (<cite>English Plant Names</cite>).&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Good-now</b>. See <small>Go-now</small> (S.). Used at Downton, &amp;c.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gooseberry-pie</b>. <i>Valeriana dioica</i>, L., All-heal.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goosegog</b>. A green gooseberry (S.). Used by children.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goosehill</b>. See <small>Guzzle</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Goosen-chick</b>. A gosling (Wr.). *<small>Goosen-chick's vather</small>.
A gander (Wr.). Both these words would appear to belong
to Som. and Dev. rather than Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goosey-gander</b>. A game played by children (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goosey-ganders</b>. <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L., Early Purple Orchis.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gore</b>. A triangular piece of ground (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goslings</b>. <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L., Early Purple Orchis. See <small>Gandigoslings</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Goss</b>. <i>Ononis arvensis</i>, L., Restharrow. Gorse, <i>Ulex</i>, is always
'Fuzz.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gossiping</b>. A christening.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gotfer</b>. An old man (H.Wr.). *<small>Gatfer</small> is still in use about
Malmesbury.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grab-hook</b>. A kind of grapnel used for recovering lost
buckets from a well.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Graft</b>. (1) A draining spade.&mdash;N.W. (2) The depth of
earth dug therewith.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grained</b>. Dirty (A.H.Wr.); <small>Grainted</small> (B.); the latter being
a mispronunciation.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grains</b>. The tines of a gardening fork, as 'a four-grained
prong.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gramfer</b>. Grandfather (A.B.). <small>Granfer</small> (S.) and <small>Gramp</small> are
also used.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grammer</b>. Grandmother (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Becoming
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grammered in</b>. Of dirt, so grained in, that it is almost impossible
to wash it off. <small>Grammered</small>: Begrimed (H.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Grampha-Griddle-Goosey-Gander</b>. <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L.,
Early Purple Orchis (<cite>Sarum Dioc. Gazette</cite>).&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Granfer-goslings</b>. <i>Orchis maculata</i>, L., Spotted Orchis
(<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Granny-jump-out-of-bed</b>. <i>Aconitum Napellus</i>, L., Monks-hood.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Granny</b> (or <b>Granny's</b>) <b>Nightcap</b>. (1) <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>,
L., Wood Anemone.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.) (2) <i>Aquilegia
vulgaris</i>, L., Common Columbine.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.) (3) <i>Convolvulus
sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed.&mdash;N.W. (4) <i>Convolvulus
arvensis</i>, L., Field Bindweed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Grate</b>. Earth (D.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Grate-board</b>. The mould-board of a plough (D.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gratings</b>. The right of feed in the stubbles (D.). See
<small>Gretton</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gravel-Path, The</b>. The Milky Way.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gray Woodpecker</b>. <i>Picus major</i>, the Great Spotted Woodpecker
(<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 253). See <small>Black Woodpecker</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Great axe</b>. The large English woodman's axe (<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. iv).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Greggles</b>, or <b>Greygles</b>. <i>Scilla nutans</i>, Sm., Wild Hyacinth.
Cf. <small>Blue Goggles</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gretton</b>. Stubble (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>) See <small>Gratings</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Greybeard</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy, when in
seed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Greygles</b>. See <small>Greggles</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Griggles</b>. Small worthless apples remaining on the tree after
the crop has been gathered in.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Griggling</b>. Knocking down the 'griggles,' as boys are
allowed by custom to do.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grindstone Apple</b>. The crab-apple; used to sharpen reap-hooks,
its acid biting into the steel. The 'Grindstone Apple'
mentioned in the <cite>Eulogy of R. Jefferies</cite>, p. iv. is probably the
'Grindstone Pippin' of <cite>Wood Magic</cite>, not the crab.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grip</b>, or <b>Gripe</b>. (1) To <i>grip</i> wheat is to divide it into
bundles before making up the sheaves.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> 'A
grip of wheat,' the handful grasped in reaping (A.). It is <i>laid
down in gripe</i> when laid ready in handfuls untied (D.).&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>v.</i> To drain with covered turf or stone
drains, as opposed to <i>frith</i>. To <i>take up gripe</i>, is to make
such drains (D.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grist</b>, <b>Griz</b>. To snarl and show the teeth, as an angry dog or
man (A.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grizzle</b>. To grumble, complain, whine, cry.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Grom</b>. A forked stick used by thatchers for carrying the
bundles of straw up to the roof (A.B.G.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gropsing</b>. 'The gropsing of the evening,' dusk.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Both came unto the sayd Tryvatt's howse in the gropsing of the
yevening.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xxii. 227.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Ground</b>. A field.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A whirlewind took him up ... and layd him down safe, without any
hurt, in the next ground.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite> p. 16, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ground-sill stone</b>. Quarrymen's term for one of the beds
of the Portland oolite&mdash;useful for bridges, &amp;c., where great
strength is required (Britton's <cite>Beauties</cite>, vol. iii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ground-rest</b>. The wood supporting the share, in the old
wooden plough (D.). <i>Rest</i> is a mistake for <i>wrest</i> (Skeat).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grout</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To root like a hog.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> Hence,
to rummage about.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grouty</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of the sky, thundery, threatening rain. It
looks 'ter'ble grouty' in summer when thunder clouds are
coming up.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grump</b>. 'To grump about,' to complain of all sorts of ailments.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Grupper</b>. To give up (Wr.). There would appear to be
some mistake here, as we cannot trace the word elsewhere.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gubbarn</b>. <i>n.</i> A filthy place, a foul gutter or drain (A.H.Wr.),
<small>Gubborn</small> (B.). Should not this be <i>adj.</i> instead of <i>n.</i>?
Compare Devon <i>gubbings</i>, offal, refuse.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guggles</b>. See <small>Goggles</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guinea-pigs</b>, <b>Pigs</b>. Woodlice. See <small>Butchers'-Guinea-Pigs</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gule</b>. To sneer or make mouths at (A.). Also used in
Hereford.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guley</b>, <b>Guly</b>. <i>adj.</i> (1) Of sheep, giddy, suffering from
a disease in the head which affects the brain and causes
a kind of vertigo.&mdash;N.W. (2) Of persons, queer, stupid,
or silly-looking. Compare <i>Guled</i>, bewildered, Berks. After
being very drunk over-night, a man looks 'ter'ble guley'
in the morning.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gullet-hole</b>. A large drain-hole through a hedge-bank to
carry off water.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gurgeons</b>. Coarse flour (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gushill</b>. See <small>Guzzle</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guss</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The girth of a saddle (A.B.).&mdash;N.W. (2)
<i>v.</i> To girth; to tie tightly round the middle. A bundle
of hay should be 'gussed up tight.' A badly dressed fat
woman 'looks vor aal the world like a zack o' whate a-gussed
in wi' a rawp.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gustrill</b>. See <small>Guzzle</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gutter</b>. To drain land with open drains (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guzzle</b>. (1) The filth of a drain (B.). (2) A filthy
drain (A.B.). <small>Goosehill</small> (Wr.), <small>Gushill</small> (K.), and <small>Gustrill</small>
(H.Wr.), the latter being probably a misprint.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guzzle-berry</b>. Gooseberry. Used by children.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>H</b>. It should be noted that the cockney misuse of <i>H</i> is
essentially foreign to our dialect. Formerly it was the
rarest thing in the world to hear a true Wiltshire rustic
make such a slip, though the townsfolk were by no means
blameless in this respect, but now the spread of education
and the increased facilities of communication have tainted
even our rural speech with cockneyisms and slang phrases.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hack</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To loosen the earth round potatoes, preparatory
to earthing them up. This is done with a 'tater-hacker,'
an old three-grained garden-fork, which by bending
down the tines or 'grains' at right angles to the handle
has been converted into something resembling a rake, but
used as a hoe. In Dorset hoeing is called <i>hacking</i>.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) *(2) <i>n.</i> The shed in which newly-made
bricks are set out to dry.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hacka</b>. <i>n.</i> A nervous hesitation in speaking (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He speaks with so many hacks and hesitations.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Dr. H. More.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Hacker</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> See <small>Hakker</small>. (2) <i>n.</i> The instrument
used in 'hacking' potatoes; also known as a <small>Tomahawk</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hacketty</b>. See <small>Hicketty</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hackle</b>. *(1) <i>n.</i> The mane of a hog (A.H.Wr.). (2) <i>n.</i>
The straw covering of a bee-hive or of the apex of a rick
(A.).&mdash;N.W. *(3) To agree together (A.). (4) To
rattle or re-echo.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hagged</b>. Haggard, worn out, exhausted-looking. 'He came
in quite hagged.' 'Her 've a had a lot to contend wi' to-year,
and her 's hagged to death wi't aal.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hagger</b>. See <small>Hakker</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Haggle</b>. To cut clumsily. See <small>Agg</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They took out their knives and haggled the skin off.'&mdash;<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Hag-rod</b>. Bewitched, hag-ridden, afflicted with nightmare.
*<small>Haig-raig</small>, bewildered (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hail</b>. The beard of barley. See <small>Aile</small>, which is the more
correct form (Smythe-Palmer).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The black knots on the delicate barley straw were beginning to be
topped with the hail.'&mdash;<cite>Round about a Great Estate</cite>, ch. i. p. 8.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Hain</b>, <b>Hain up</b>. <i>v.</i> To reserve a field of grass for mowing
(A.B.D.).&mdash;N.W. Treated as a noun by Akerman.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Three acres of grass ... to be hayned by the farmer at Candlemas
and carried by the Vicar at Lammas.'&mdash;<cite>Hilmarton Parish Terrier</cite>, 1704.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Haito</b>. A horse; used by mothers and nurses concurrently
with <i>Gee-gee</i>. A contraction of <i>Hait-wo</i>, the order to a horse
to go to the left. <i>Highty</i> is similarly used in N. of England.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hait-wo</b>. See above.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hakker</b>, <b>Hacker</b>. To tremble (S.), as with passion (A.), cold,
or ague. <small>Hagger.</small> To chatter with cold (H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Bless m' zoul, if I dwon't think our maester's got the ager! How a
hackers an bivers, to be zhure!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 55.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Half-baked</b>, or <b>Half-saved</b>. Half-witted.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hallantide</b>. All Saints' Day (B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hallege</b>, <b>Harrige</b>. <i>n.</i> The latter seems to be the original
form of the word, and is still occasionally heard; but for
at least seventy years it has been more commonly pronounced
as <i>hallege</i>, <i>l</i> and <i>r</i> having been interchanged. We
have met with it at Clyffe Pypard, Bromham, Huish, and
elsewhere in N. Wilts; but, so far as we know, it is not
used in S. Wilts. <i>Havage</i>=disturbance, which the Rev.
S. Baring-Gould heard once in Cornwall, and made use
of in his fine West-Country romance, <cite>John Herring</cite>,
ch. xxxix, is doubtless a variant of the same word. (1)
Of persons, a crowd; also, contemptuously, a low rabble.
'Be you a-gwain down to zee what they be a-doing at the
Veast?' 'No, <em>I</em> bean't a-gwain amang such a hallege as
that!'&mdash;N.W. (2) Of things, confusion, disorder. Were
a load of <i>top and lop</i>, intended to be cut up for firewood,
shot down clumsily in a yard gateway, it would be said,
'What a hallege you've a-got there, blocking up the way!&mdash;N.W.
(3) Hence, it sometimes appears to mean rubbish,
as when it is applied to the mess and litter of small broken
twigs and chips left on the ground after a tree has been
cut and carried.&mdash;N.W. (4) It is also occasionally used
of a disturbance of some sort, as 'What a hallege!' what
a row!&mdash;N.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ham</b>. (1) A narrow strip of ground by a river, as <small>Mill-ham</small>
(A.D.). (2) See Haulm (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hames</b>. Pieces of wood attached to a horse's collar in drawing
(A.D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanch</b> (<i>a</i> broad). Of a cow or bull, to thrust with the horns,
whether in play or earnest.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Corn has 'a good hand' when it is dry and
slippery in the sack, 'a bad hand' when it is damp and
rough (D.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To act as a second in a fight.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>v.</i> 'To have hands with anything,' to have
anything to do with it. 'I shan't hae no hands wi't.&mdash;N.W.
See <small>Hank</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand-box</b>. See <small>Box</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hander</b>. The second to a pugilist (A.). See <small>Hand</small> (2).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Handin'-post</b>. A sign-post.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand-staff</b>. The part of the 'drashell' which is held in the
hand.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand-wrist</b>. The wrist.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Handy</b>. Near to, as 'handy home,' 'handy ten o'clock'
(A.B.M.S.). 'A gied un vower days' work, or handy.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hang</b>. 'To hang up a field,' to take the cattle off it, and give
it a long rest, so as to freshen up the pasture.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hang-fair</b>. A public execution, as 'Hang-fair at 'Vize,' formerly
treated as a great holiday.&mdash;N.W., obsolete. The
Pleasure Fair at Warminster on August 11 is known as
'Hang-Fair,' perhaps from the hanging of two murderers there
on that day in 1813. See <cite>Wilts Notes and Queries</cite>, i. 40, 139.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Hang-gallows</b>. A gallows-bird (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Where's the money I put in th' zack, you hang-gallus?" roared
Mr. Twink.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 55.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanging</b>. (1) The steep wooded slope of a hill.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) A hillside field (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanging Geranium</b>. <i>Saxifraga sarmentosa</i>, L.; from the way
in which it is usually suspended in a cottage window; also
known as <small>Strawberry Geranium</small>, from its strawberry-like
runners.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanging-post</b>. The hinder upright timber of a gate, by which
it is hung to its post. Frequently heard, although <small>Har</small> is
much more commonly used.&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanglers</b>. The hooks by which pots and kettles are suspended
over open fireplaces in old cottages and farm-houses. See
<small>Coglers</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hank</b>. Dealings with (S.). 'I won't ha' no hank wi' un,' will
have nothing at all to do with him. Cf. <small>Hand</small> (3).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hants-sheep</b>, <b>Hants-horses</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They were called [in Wilts] hants sheep; they were a sort of sheep
that never shelled their teeth, but always had their lambs-teeth
without shedding them, and thrusting out two broader in their room
every year.... There were such a sort of horses called hants horses,
that always showed themselves to be six years old.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Lisle's</span> <cite>Husbandry</cite>,
1757.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Happer-down</b>. To come down smartly, to rattle down, as
hail, or leaves in autumn.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Haps</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A hasp (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To
hasp, to fasten up a door or box (A.B.)&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Har</b>. The hinder upright timber of a gate, by which it is hung
to its post. A.S. <i>heorre</i>, M.E. <i>herre</i>, the hinge of a door. See
<small>Head</small> and <small>Hanging-post</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough; Huish;
Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'We wants some more heads and hars cut out.' Carpenters about
Marlborough usually reduce the word to a single letter in making up
their accounts, as 'To a new R to Cow-lease gate, &amp;c.'&mdash;Rev. <span class="smcap">C. Soames</span>.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hardhead</b>. <i>Centaurea nigra</i>, L., Black Knapweed.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Harl</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To thrust a dead rabbit's hind-foot through
a slit in the other leg, so as to form a loop to hang it up
or carry it by (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. ii). <i>Hardle</i> in Dorset.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To entangle (C.). <i>Harl</i>, knotted
(A.S.), is a mistake for <i>harled</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>n.</i> An
entanglement (B.C.). 'The thread be aal in a harl.' A knot
(Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 51, ed. Brit.)&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
*(4) Of oats, <i>well-harled</i> is well-eared (D).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Harrige</b>. See <span class="smcap">Hallege</span>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Harrows</b>. The longitudinal bars of a harrow (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Harvest-trow</b>. The shrew-mouse (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. ix); <small>Harvest-row</small>
(A.H.Wr.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hask</b>. A husky cough to which cows are subject (Lisle's
<cite>Husbandry</cite>). See <span class="smcap">Husk</span>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hatch</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A 'wallow,' or line of raked-up hay.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> 'To hatch up,' to rake hay into hatches.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>n.</i> A half-door (A.B.C.). 'Barn-hatch,' a low board put
across the door, over which you must step to enter.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Haulm</b>, <b>Ham</b>, <b>Haam</b>, <b>Helm</b>. A stalk of any vegetable (A.B.),
especially potatoes and peas.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Haycock</b>. A much larger heap of hay than a 'foot-cock.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hayes</b>. A piece of ground enclosed with a live hedge; used
as a termination, as <small>Calf-Hayes</small> (D.). A.S. <i>hege</i> (Skeat).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hay-home</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'It was the last day of the hay-harvest&mdash;it was "hay-home" that
night.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">R. Jefferies</span>, <cite>A True Tale of the Wiltshire Labourer</cite>.</p></blockquote>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Hay-making</b>. Grass as it is mown lies in <i>swathe</i> (N. &amp; S.W.);
then it is <i>turned</i> (S.W.), preparatory to being <i>tedded</i> (N.
&amp; S.W.), or <i>spread</i>; then raked up into lines called <i>hatches</i>
(N.W.), which may be either <i>single hatch</i> or <i>double hatch</i>, and
are known in some parts as wallows (N.W.); next <i>spread</i> and
<i>hatched up</i> again, and put up in small <i>foot-cocks</i>, <i>cocks</i> (N.W.),
or <i>pooks</i> (N. &amp; S.W.); finally, after being thrown about again,
it is <i>waked up</i> into <i>long wakes</i> (N.W.), or <i>rollers</i> (S.W.), and
if not made temporarily into <i>summer-ricks</i> (N.W.), is then
carried. No wonder that John Burroughs (<cite>Fresh Fields</cite>, p. 55)
remarks that in England hay 'is usually nearly worn out
with handling before they get it into the rick.' Almost every
part of the county has its own set of terms. Thus about
Warminster meadow-hay is (1) turned, (2) spread or tedded,
(3) put in rollers, (4) pooked; while at Clyffe Pypard it is
tedded, hatched, waked and cocked, and at Huish waked and
pooked. <i>Roller</i> is pronounced as if it rhymed with <i>collar</i>.
Hay is 'put in rollers,' or 'rollered up.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hazon</b> (<i>a</i> broad). To scold or threaten (A.B.C.H.Wr.). 'Now
dwoan't 'ee hazon the child for 't.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Head</b>. The front upright timber of a gate. See Har and
Falling-post.&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough; Huish; Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Headland</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Headlong, as to 'fall headland' or
'neck-headland.'&mdash;N.W. (2) The strip where the plough
turns at bottom and top of a field, which must either be
ploughed again at right angles to the rest, or dug over with
the spade; generally called the <small>Headlong</small> by labourers in
S. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Headlong</b>. See <small>Headland</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heal</b>, <b>Hele</b>. Of seeds, to cover or earth over (D.); <small>Heeld</small>,
<small>Yeeld</small> (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii). When the ground is dry and
hard, and the wheat when sown does not sink in and get
covered up at once, it is said not to <i>heal well</i>, and requires
harrowing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heartless</b>. 'A heartless day' is a wet day with a strong south-west
wind.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heater</b> (pronounced <i>Hetter</i>). A flat iron (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heave</b>, <b>Eve</b>. Of hearthstones, &amp;c., to sweat or become damp
on the surface in dry weather, a sign of coming change and
wet. <small>Eave</small>, to sweat (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heavy</b> (pronounced <i>Heevy</i>). Of weather, damp. See <small>Heave</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heaver</b>. Part of the old-fashioned winnowing tackle.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>He-body</b>. A woman of masculine appearance.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hecth</b>. Height (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hedge-carpenter</b>. A professional maker and repairer of rail
fences, &amp;c. (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. iii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hedge-hog</b>. The prickly seed-vessel of <i>Ranunculus arvensis</i>, L.,
Corn Buttercup (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hedge-peg</b>. The fruit of the Sloe, q.v. Cf. <small>Eggs-eggs</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Marlborough.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hedge-pick</b>, <b>Hedge-speäk</b>. See <small>Sloe</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heeld</b>. See <small>Heal</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heft</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The weight of anything as poised in the
hand (A.B.C.M.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To weigh or test
weight in the hand (A.B.), to lift.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hele</b>, <b>Heel</b>, <b>Hill</b>. (1) To pour out (A.B.H.Wr.), to serve
out or dispense.&mdash;S.W. (2) See <small>Heal</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hellocky</b>. See <small>Hullocky</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Helm</b> (1) See <small>Elm</small>. (2) See <small>Haulm</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Helyer</b>. A tiler. An old word, but still in use.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hen-and-Chicken</b>. (1) <i>Saxifraga umbrosa</i>, L., London Pride.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>Saxifraga sarmentosa</i>, L., from its mode of
growth.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Henge</b>. See <small>Hinge</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hen-hussey</b>. A meddlesome woman.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Here and there one</b>. 'I wur mortal bad aal the way [by sea]
and as sick as here and there one.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Herence</b>. Hence (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hereright</b>. (1) Of time: on the spot, immediately (A.B.),
the only use in N.W. (2) Of place: this very spot (S.).&mdash;S.W.
(3) Hence (A.), probably a mistake.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hesk</b>. See <small>Husk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Het</b>. 'A main het o' coughing,' a fit of coughing.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hetter</b>. See <small>Heater</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>He-woman</b>. The same as <small>He-body</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hicketty</b>. Hacking, as a cough.&mdash;S.W. <small>Hacketty</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hidlock</b>. 'In hidlock,' in concealment. Akerman, by some
mistake, treats this as verb instead of noun. 'Her kep' it in
hidlock aal this time.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hike</b>. To hook or catch. 'I hiked my foot in a root.' See
<small>Hook</small> and <small>Uck</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hike off</b>. To decamp hastily, to slink off (A.B.C.S.); mostly
used in a bad sense.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hile</b>. See <small>Hyle</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hill</b>. See <small>Heal</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hill-trot</b>. Apparently a corruption of <small>Eltrot</small>. (1) <i>Heracleum
Sphondylium</i>, L., Cow-parsnip. *(2) <i>Oenanthe crocata</i>, L.,
Water Hemlock.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton and Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hilp</b>. Fruit of the sloe.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hilp-wine</b>. Sloe-wine.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hilt</b>. A young sow kept for breeding (A.).&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hinge</b>, <b>Henge</b>. The heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep or pig
(A.). In some parts of S. Wilts used only of the latter.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hinted</b> Harvested, secured in barn (D.). 'Never zeed a better
crop o' wheat, if so be could be hinted well.' A.S. <i>hentan</i>,
to seize on, to secure.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hit</b>. (1) To bear a good crop, to succeed: as 'Th' apples hit
well t' year.' Treated by Akerman as a noun instead of
a verb.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To pour out or throw out. 'You
ought to het a quart o' drenk into 'ee.' 'Hit it out on the
garden patch.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hitchland</b>. See <small>Hookland</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hitter</b>. A cow which is ill and appears likely to die is said to
be 'going off a hitter.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hittery</b>. Of cows: suffering from looseness, ill.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hobby</b>. <i>Yunx torquilla</i>, the Wryneck.&mdash;S.W. (Bishopstone.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hob-lantern</b>. Will-o'-the-Wisp (A.B.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hock about</b>. To treat a thing carelessly; drag it through the
mud. 'Now dwoan't 'ee gwo a-hocken on your new vrock
about.'&mdash;N.W. The usual form in S. Wilts is <small>Hack-about</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hocks</b>. (1) To cut in an unworkmanlike manner (A.).
(2) To trample earth into a muddy, untidy condition.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hocksy</b>, <b>Hoxy</b>. Dirty, muddy, miry.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'It's about two miles in vine weather; but when it's hocksey like
this, we allows a mile vor zlippin' back!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 179.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hodmandod</b>, <b>Hodmedod</b>. <i>adj.</i> Short and clumsy (B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hodmedod</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A snail.&mdash;N.W. (Mildenhall.) *(2)
Short and clumsy (B.). See <small>Hodmandod</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ho for</b>. (1) To provide for. See <small>Howed for</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard; Malmesbury.) (2) To desire, to long for.
'I did hankeran' ho a'ter 'ee zo.'&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hog</b>. (1) n. Originally a castrated animal, as a hog pig (D.).
(2) Now extended to any animal of a year old, as a chilver
hog sheep (D.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'We have wether hogs, and chilver hogs, and shear hogs ... the
word hog is now applied to any animal of a year old, such as a hog
bull, a chilver hog sheep.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xvii 303.</p>

<p>'1580 ... Una ovis vocata a hogge.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scrope's</span> <cite>History of Castle Combe</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(3) To cut a mane or hedge short (D.), so that the stumps
stick up like bristles (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hogo</b>. (Fr. <i>haut goût</i>). A bad smell (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite> 1814).
Still frequently used of tainted meat or strong cheese.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hollardy-day</b>. The 3rd of May. Apparently a perversion
of 'Holy Rood Day.'&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Home, to be called</b>. To have the banns of marriage published.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They tells I as 'ow Bet Stingymir is gwain to be caal'd whoam to
Jim Spritely on Zundy.'&mdash;<cite>Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Honesty</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy, occasionally.
*<small>Maiden's Honesty</small> (Aubrey's Wilts MS.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Honey-bottle</b>. (1) Heather. (2) Furze.
It is not clear which is intended in <cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. i.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Honey-plant</b>. Some old-fashioned sweet-scented plant,
perhaps the dark Sweet Scabious, which used to be known
as 'Honey-flower' in some counties.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the garden, which was full of old-fashioned shrubs and herbs,
she watched the bees busy at the sweet-scented "honey-plant."'&mdash;<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. ii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Also see <cite>Reproach of Annesley</cite>, vol. i. p. 119, for Hants use
of the name:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Sibyl bent over a honey plant encrusted with pink-scented
blossoms, about which the bees ... were humming&mdash;an old-fashioned
cottage plant.'</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Honey-suckle</b>. (1) <i>Lamium album</i>, L., White Dead Nettle,
sucked by children for its honey.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)
(2) Also applied to both Red and White Clover, <i>Trifolium
pratense</i> and <i>T. repens.</i>&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hook</b>. Of a bull, to gore (S.). See <small>Uck</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Compare <i>huck</i>, to push, lift, gore, Hants; and Prov. <i>hike</i>, to toss.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Hookland</b> (or <b>Hitchland</b>) <b>Field</b>. A portion of the best land
in a common field, reserved for vetches, potatoes, &amp;c.,
instead of lying fallow for two years (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii).
Parts of some fields are still known as <small>Hooklands</small> in S. Wilts,
though the system has died out. Sometimes defined as
'land tilled every year.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hoop</b>. <i>Pyrrhula vulgaris</i>, the Bullfinch (A.B.); also <small>Red Hoop</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hoops</b>, or <b>Waggon-Hoops</b>. The woodwork projecting from
the sides of a waggon so as to form an arch over the hind
wheels.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hooset</b>. See <small>Housset</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hop-about</b>. An apple dumpling (B.C.), probably from its
bobbing about in the pot. Cf. <small>Apple-bout</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hopper</b>. A grig (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. i).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Horse-daisy</b>. <i>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</i>, L., Ox-eye Daisy.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Horse-Matcher</b>. <i>Saxicola rubicola</i>, the Stonechat (<cite>Birds of
Wilts</cite>, p. 150).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Horse-matchers or stonechats also in summer often visit the rick-yard.'&mdash;<cite>Wild
Life</cite>, ch. x. p. 159.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Horses</b>. In N. Wilts the orders given to a plough or team are
as follows:&mdash;to the front horse, <i>Coom ether</i>, go to the left, and
<i>Wowt</i>, to the right: to the hinder horse, <i>Wo-oot</i>, to the right,
and <i>Gie aay</i> or <i>Gie aay oot</i>, to the left. The orders to oxen
are somewhat different.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Horse-shoe</b>. <i>Acer Pseudo-platanus</i>, L., Sycamore.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford St. Martin.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Horse's-leg</b>. A bassoon.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Horse-Snatcher</b>. <i>Saxicola oenanthe</i>, the Wheatear (<cite>Birds of
Wilts</cite>, p. 152).&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Horse-stinger</b>, <b>Hosstenger</b>. The Dragon-fly (A.B.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hound</b>. The fore-carriage of a waggon.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>House</b>, <b>Houst</b>. To grow stout. 'Lor, ma'am, how you've
a-housted!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Housset</b>, <b>Hooset</b>, <b>Wooset</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A serenade of rough
music, got up to express public disapproval of marriages
where there is great disparity of age, flagrant immorality, &amp;c.
See article on <cite>The Wooset</cite> in <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. i. p. 88;
cp. <cite>N. &amp; Q.</cite> 4 Ser. xi. p. 225. In Berks the 'Hooset' is
a draped horse's head, carried at a 'Hooset Hunt.' See
Lowsley's <cite>Berks Gloss</cite>.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To take part in
a housset.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Howe</b>. <i>n.</i> 'To be in a howe,' to be in a state of anxiety
about anything (C.). See <small>Ho for</small>.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Howed-for</b>. Well provided for, taken care of (A.B.C.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Huckmuck</b>. (1) A strainer placed before the faucet in
brewing (A.B.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>Parus caudatus</i>, the
Long-tailed Titmouse (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 173).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(3) General untidiness and confusion, as at a spring-cleaning.
A very dirty untidy old woman is 'a reg'lar huckmuck.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hucks</b>, <b>Husks</b>. (1) The chaff of oats (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) (2) Grains of wheat which
have the chaff still adhering to them after threshing, and
are only fit for feeding poultry.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hud</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The husk of a walnut, skin of a gooseberry,
shell of a pea or bean, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To take
off the husk of certain fruits and vegetables. Beans are
<i>hudded</i> and peas <i>shelled</i> for cooking.&mdash;N.W. (3) A finger-stall
or finger of a glove (S.). Also <small>Huddick</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W. (4) A lump or clod of earth.&mdash;N.W. Cf. <small>Hut</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Huddy</b>, <b>Oddy</b>. Of soil, full of lumps and clods.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hudgy</b>. Clumsy, thick (A.B.C.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hudmedud</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A scarecrow (A.). In common use
in N. Wilts.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Mester Cullum i sends you back your saddell koz its such a
cusnashun rum looking hudmedud of a theng that pipl woll no it
direckly.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 79.</p>

<p>'"That nimity-pimity odd-me-dod!"... Little contemptible scarecrow.'&mdash;<cite>Greene
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. iii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(2) <i>adj.</i> Short and clumsy (B.). See <small>Hodmedod</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hullocky!</b> 'Hullo! look here!' exclamation denoting
surprise, or calling attention to anything (S.). This is
usually pronounced <i>Hellucky</i>, and is a contraction of 'Here
look ye!' Also <i>Yellucks</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Now which way is it?"... "Yellucks," said the boy, meaning
"Look here."'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'"This be the vinest veast ... as ever I zeed.... Yellucks!"&mdash;as
much as to say, Look here, that is my dictum.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> ch. xi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Humbug</b>. A sweet or lollipop.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Humbuz</b>. A cockchafer.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Humdaw</b>. To speak hesitatingly (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Humming-bird</b>. <i>Regulus cristatus</i>, the Golden-crested Wren.&mdash;N.W.
(Huish.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'We always calls 'em humming-birds here, and they are humming-birds!'
said the school-children at Huish, in the most decided
manner, when cross-examined as to the Gold-crest. Apparently the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
same use obtains in Devon, as Martin speaks of the 'humming-bird'
as occurring in certain localities about Tavistock, which are assigned
to the Gold-crest by other writers. See <span class="smcap">Mrs. Bray's</span> <cite>Description of
Devon</cite>, 1836, vol. ii. p. 146.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hummocksing</b>. Clumsy, awkward, loutish.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'She had a lover, but he was "a gurt hummocksing noon-naw" ...
a "great loose-jointed idiot."'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Humstrum</b>. A home-made fiddle (S.). Sometimes applied
also to a large kind of Jew's-harp.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hunch about</b>. To push or shove about.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hunder-stones</b>. Thunder-bolts (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts, Roy. Soc.
MS.</cite>). Probably either belemnites, or else the concretionary
nodules of iron pyrites, called 'thunder-bolts' by the
labourers, are here intended. See <small>Thunder-stones</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hunked</b>. See <small>Unked</small> (A.H.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hurdle-footed</b>. Club-footed.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hurdle-shore</b>. The same as <small>Fold-shore</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hurkle</b>. To crowd together, as round the fire in cold weather.
An old form of <i>hurtle</i>.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<i>Hurtelyn</i>, as too thyngys togedur (al. <i>hurcolyn</i>, hurchyn togeder).
<i>Impingo</i>, <i>collido</i>.'&mdash;<cite>Prompt. Parv.</cite> c. 1440 (<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer</span>).</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Husk</b>, <b>Hesk</b>. A disease of the throat, often fatal to calves.
See <small>Hask</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Husks</b>. See <small>Hucks</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hut</b>. A lump of earth.&mdash;N.W. See <small>Hud</small> (4).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hutty</b>. Lumpy, as ground that does not break up well.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hyle</b>, <b>Hile</b>, <b>Aisle</b>, &amp;c. (1) <i>n.</i> A shock or cock of wheat, consisting
of several sheaves set up together for carrying. The
number of sheaves was formerly ten, for the tithing man's convenience,
but now varies considerably, according to the crop.
<small>Tithing</small> in N.W. <small>Hile-a-whate</small> (S.) The forms given by
Davis, <i>aisle</i>, <i>aile</i>, and <i>isle</i>, seem purely fanciful, as also does
the derivation there suggested, a <i>hyle</i> being merely a single
shock. In some parts of Wilts the shape and size of a hyle
will depend largely on the weather at harvest-time. Thus
in a stormy season it will usually be built compact and
round, while in a calm one it may sometimes form a line
several yards in length.&mdash;S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p>
<blockquote>

<p>''Tis merry while the wheat's in hile.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Barnes</span>, <cite>Poems</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To make up into hyles. Wheat and rye are always
hyled, and oats usually so, about Salisbury.&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Ichila-pea</b>. The Missel-thrush: only heard from one person,
but perhaps an old name.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Iles</b>. See <small>Ailes</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Imitate</b>. To resemble. 'The childern be immitatin' o' their
vather about the nause.' Participle only so used.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>In-a-most</b>. Almost.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'It inamwoast killed our bwoy Sam.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 145.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Innocent</b>. Small, neat, unobtrusive, as 'a innocent little
primrose.' Virtually restricted to flowers.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Iron Pear</b>. <i>Pyrus Aria</i>, L., White Beam.&mdash;N.W. (Heddington,
&amp;c.) Iron-Pear-Tree Farm, near Devizes, is said to take its
name from this tree.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Isnet</b>. <i>Alkanet bugloss</i> (D.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ivors</b>. Hanging woods (<i>Slow</i>).&mdash;S.W. There would appear
to be some misunderstanding here. The word may refer to
the coverts on the hillside above Longbridge Deverill, which
are known as <i>The Ivors</i>, the farm below being <i>Long Ivor Farm</i>.
At Wroughton a field is called '<i>The Ivory</i>,' but this is perhaps
a family name.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Izzard</b>. The letter Z (A.S.). Still in use in S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Jack</b>. A newt.&mdash;N.W. (Swindon.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jack</b>, <b>Jack Ern</b>. <i>Ardea cinerea</i>, the Heron (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 395).&mdash;N.W. Also <small>Moll 'ern</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jack-and-his-team</b>. The Great Bear.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.) See
<small>Dick-and-his-team</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon</b>. <i>Tragopogon pratensis</i>, L., Goat's Beard.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jack-in-the-green</b>. (1) <i>Adonis autumnalis</i>, L., Pheasant's-eye.&mdash;S.W.
(2) The hose-in-hose variety of Polyanthus.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jack-run-along-by-the-hedge</b>. <i>Alliaria officinalis</i>, Andrzj.,
Hedge Mustard.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jacky-Dinah</b>. <i>Sylvia sylvicola</i>, the Wood Warbler.&mdash;S.W.
(Bishopstone.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jacob's-ladder</b>. <i>Polygonatum multiflorum</i>, All., Solomon's Seal.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jag</b>. The awn and head of the oat. Oats are spoken of as
'well-jagged,' 'having a good jag,' 'coming out in jag,' &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The despised oats were coming out in jag ... in jag means the
spray-like drooping awn of the oat.'&mdash;<cite>Round about a Great Estate</cite>, ch. i.
p. 8.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Jan-Chider</b>. See <small>Johnny Chider</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jarl</b>. To quarrel, to 'have words.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jaw-bit</b>. Food carried out in the fields by labourers, to be
eaten about 10 or 11 o'clock.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jee</b>. See <small>Gee</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jew-berry</b>. <i>Rubus caesius</i>, L., Dewberry; a corruption of the
proper name (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xi).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jibbets</b>. Small pieces. 'You never did see such a slut! her
gownd a-hangin' in dirty jibbets [rags] aal about her heels!'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jiffle</b>. At Bishopston, N. Wilts, an old bell-ringer was recently
heard to accuse the younger men of having got into a regular
'jiffle' (? confusion) while ringing. We have not met with
the word elsewhere, but Hal. and Wright have <i>jiffle</i>, to be
restless, var. dial.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jiggery-poke</b>. Hocus-pocus. <small>Jiggery-pokery.</small> Unfair dealing
(S.): deception.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jigget</b>. <i>v.</i> To ride or walk at a jog-trot. 'Here we go a
jiggettin' along.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jiggetty</b>. <i>adj.</i> (1) Jolty, shaky. 'This be a ter'ble jiggetty
train.'&mdash;N.W. *(2) Fidgetty (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jimmy</b>, <b>Sheep's Jimmy</b>. A sheep's head (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jimmy-swiver</b>. <i>n.</i> A state of trembling. Apparently connected
with <i>whiver</i> or <i>swiver</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Lor, Miss, how you did froughten I! I be all of a jimmy-swiver,"
and she visibly trembled, which was what she meant.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne
Farm</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jitch</b>, <b>Jitchy</b>. Such.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jobbet</b>. A small load (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jod</b>. The letter J (A.S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Johnny Chider</b>, <b>Chan-chider</b>. The Sedge Warbler, <i>Salicaria
phragmitis</i>. So called 'because it scolds so.'&mdash;S.W. Jan
Chider (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jolter-headed</b>. Wrong-headed; used generally of a jealous
spouse. 'Her wur allus a jolter-headed 'ooman.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jonnick</b>. Honest, fair, straightforward in dealings (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Joseph-and-Mary</b>. <i>Pulmonaria officinalis</i>, L., Common Lung-wort,
the flowers being of two colours, red and blue.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Joy-bird</b>. The Jay, <i>Garrulus glandarius</i>. The name commonly
used in N. Wilts for the Jay. Fr. <i>geai</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Savernake
Forest, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jumble</b>. A kind of coarse dark brown sweetmeat (<cite>My Old
Village</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jumping Jesuses</b>. The long-legged water-flies, <i>Gerris</i>, which
skim along the surface of streams.&mdash;N.W. (Hilmarton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Junk</b>. A hunch of bread-and-cheese, &amp;c.; a lump of wood or
coal. A solid piece (S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Junket</b>. A treat or spree; still in use. When potatoes were
not so common as now, a man would complain of his wife's
'junketing wi' the taters,' i.e. digging them up before they
were ripe, as a treat for the children.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Just about</b>. Extremely. See <small>About</small> (1).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jut</b>. To nudge, to touch (S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>K</b>. <i>K</i> sometimes becomes <i>t</i>, as <i>bleat</i>, bleak; <i>blunt</i>, blunk.
Conversely, <i>t</i> becomes <i>k</i>, as <i>sleek</i>, sleet.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Keach</b>, &amp;c. See <small>Catch</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Keavin</b>. See <small>Cave</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Keck</b>. To retch as if sick (A.); to cough; also <small>Cack</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kecker</b>. The windpipe (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kecks</b>. Dry stalks of hemlock (A.B.). Hemlock must here
be taken to mean several of the larger <i>Umbelliferae</i>, and to
include occasionally growing plants as well as dry stems.
There are many variants of the word, as <small>Keeks</small> (A.), <small>Kecksey</small>
(A.B.), <small>Gix</small> (A.B.H.Wr.), <small>Gicksies</small> (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iii),
<small>Gicks</small> (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. v).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Keep</b>, <b>Kip</b>. Growing food for cattle, &amp;c. (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kerf</b>. A layer of turf or hay (A.B.C.). A truss of hay.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ketch</b>. See <small>Catch</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Keys, or Keyn</b>. Fruit of ash and sycamore (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Kibble</b>. *(1) To chip a stone roughly into shape (A.). Cf.
Glouc. <i>cabble</i>, to break smelted pig-iron into small pieces,
before proceeding to draw it into bar-iron. *(2) To cut up
firewood (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxiv. p. 210).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kid</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The cod or pod of peas, beans, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To form pods; used of peas and beans. <i>Well-kidded</i>,
of beans or peas, having the stalks full of pods (D.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kidney-stones</b>. Dark water-worn pebbles (<cite>Eulogy</cite>, p. 28).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>'Kin</b>. The same as <small>Ciderkin</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kind</b>. Some woods and soils 'work kind,' i.e. easily, pleasantly.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>King's-cushion</b>. See <small>Queen's-cushion</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kiss-behind-the-garden-gate</b>. <i>Saxifraga umbrosa</i>, L., London
Pride.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kissing-gate</b>. A 'Cuckoo-gate,' or swing gate in a V-shaped
enclosure.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kiss-me-quick</b>. <i>Centranthus ruber</i>, DC., Red Spur Valerian.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Kite's Pan</b>. <i>Orchis maculata</i>, L., Spotted Orchis.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kitty Candlestick</b>. <i>Ignis fatuus</i>, Will-o'-the-Wisp. <small>Kit of
the Candlestick</small> (Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 17, ed. Brit.).&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kiver</b>. A cooler used in brewing (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knacker</b>. To snap the fingers. Nacker (H.Wr.)&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knap</b>, <b>Knop</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To chip stone, as formerly in making
a gun-flint.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A little hill; a steep ascent
in a road (S.). This is really a Devon use.&mdash;S.W. (Dorset
bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knee-sick</b>. Of wheat, drooping at the joints, from weakness
in the straw (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knee-socked</b>. Corn beaten down by storms is 'knee-socked
down.'&mdash;N.W. See <small>Knee-sick</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knit</b>. Of fruit, to set. 'The gooseberries be knitted a'ready.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Knitch</b>, <b>Nitch</b>, <b>Niche</b>, &amp;c. Usually spelt incorrectly, without
the <i>k</i>. M.E. <i>knucche</i>, Germ. <i>knocke</i>: used by Wycliffe,
also in <cite>Alton Locke</cite>, ch. xxviii. (1) <i>Nitch</i>, a burden of
wood, straw, or hay (A.B.), such a faggot as a hedger or
woodman may carry home with him at night; a short thick
heavy chump of wood (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Hence a fine baby
is spoken of as 'a regular nitch' (<i>Ibid.</i>). A bundle of
gleaned corn (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) 'He has got a nitch,'
is intoxicated, has had as much liquor as he can carry
(A.B.). Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He's got his market-nitch.'&mdash;<cite>Tess of the D'Urbervilles</cite>, vol. i. p. 19.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Knot Couch</b>. <i>Avena elatior</i>, so called from the roots sometimes
looking like a much-knotted cord or a string of beads.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Koomb</b>. See <small>Comb</small> (S.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Ladies-and-Gentlemen</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint.
Leades an Genlmin (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ladies'-balls</b>. <i>Centaurea nigra</i>, L., Black Knapweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ladies'-fingers-and-thumbs</b>. <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>, L., Bird's-foot
Trefoil.&mdash;N.W. (Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ladies-in-white</b>. <i>Saxifraga umbrosa</i>, L., London Pride.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady-cow</b>. The Ladybird.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-cushion</b>. <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i>, L., Kidney Vetch.&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-finger</b>. (1) Applied generally to <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>
and <i>Hippocrepis comosa</i>, and occasionally also to <i>Lathyrus pratensis</i>.
'Leades vingers, the wild Calceolaria' (S.), probably
refers to one of these flowers.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>Arum
maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;S.W. (Barford St. Martin):
N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lady's-glove</b>. 'The Greater Bird's-foot.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-nightcap</b>. The flower of <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great
Bindweed (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-petticoat</b>. <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>, L., Wood Anemone.&mdash;S.W.
(Mere.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-ruffles</b>. The double white Narcissus.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-shoe</b>. <i>Fumaria officinalis</i>, L., Common Fumitory.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford St. Martin.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lady's-slipper</b>. Applied generally to the same plants as
Lady's-finger.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lain</b>. Of a smith, to dress the wing and point of a share
(D.). See <small>Lay</small> (4).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Laiter</b>, <b>Loiter</b>. A full laying or clutch of eggs. The whole
number of eggs produced by a hen at one laying, before she
gets broody and ceases to lay.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lake</b>. A small stream of running water.&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lambkins</b>. Catkins of hazel.&mdash;S.W. (Barford St. Martin.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lamb's-cage</b>. A crib for foddering sheep in fold (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lamb's-creep</b>. A hole in the hurdles to enable the lambs
to get out of the fold.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lamb's-tails</b>. Catkins of willow and hazel.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Land</b>. The 'rudge,' or ground between two water-furrows
in a ploughed field.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The ploughman walks in the furrow his share has made, and
presently stops to measure the "lands" with the spud.'&mdash;<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. vii. pp. 130-1.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Landshard</b>. The strip of greensward dividing two pieces
of arable in a common field (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Land-spring</b>. A spring which only runs in wet weather
(<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. v. p. 109).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lane</b> (<i>a</i> broad). A strip of grass, generally irregular, bounding
an arable field.&mdash;N.W. (Devizes.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lannock</b>. A long narrow piece of land (A.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lanshet</b>. See <small>Linch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lark's-seed</b>. <i>Plantago major</i>, L., Greater Plantain.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Latter Lammas</b>. An unpunctual person (S.)&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'When a person is habitually late and unpunctual, folks say&mdash;"What
a Latter Lammas thee beest, ta be sure!"'&mdash;<cite>Letter from Mr. Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Lattermath</b>. Aftermath (A.B.). <small>Lattermass</small> at Cherhill.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lave</b>. (1) Of a candle, to gutter down (H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) To splash up water over yourself, as in a bath. 'Lave
it well over ye.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Law</b>. In N. Wilts, when speaking of relations-in-law, the <i>in</i>
is always omitted, as <small>brother-law</small>, <small>father-law</small>, &amp;c., the only
exception being <small>son-in-law</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lay</b>. (1) <i>To lay a hedge</i>, to trim it back, cutting the boughs
half through, and then bending them down and intertwining
them so as to strengthen the fence (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>To lay rough</i>, to sleep about under hedges like a vagabond.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (3) <i>To lay up a field</i>, to reserve it for
mowing.&mdash;S.W. (4) <i>To lay a tool</i>, to steel its edge afresh.
This appears to be the same as Davis's <i>lain</i>, which is
probably a contraction of <i>lay in</i>. At Mildenhall you often
hear of <i>laying</i> or <i>laying in</i> a pickaxe, and the word is to
be traced back for a century or more in the parish accounts
there.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (5) An idle dissipated man is said
to <i>lay about</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Laylocks</b>. Usually <i>Syringa vulgaris</i>, L., Lilac, but rarely applied
to <i>Cardamine pratensis</i>, L., Lady's Smock, in S. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lay-over</b>. A wooden bar, or a rope, used to fasten tackle
together.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Two or three horses go abreast, each drawing a harrow diagonally,
all the harrows being fastened together with a lay-over or rider.'&mdash;<cite>Agric.
of Wilts</cite>, ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Leach</b>. A strand of a rope.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lear</b>, <b>Leer</b>. (1) Empty (A.B.C.G.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Hence,
craving for food, hungry (A.C.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. <small>Leary</small> is
the usual form on the Som. bord.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I never eat but two meals a day&mdash;breakfast and supper ... and
I'm rather lear (hungry) at supper.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. i.</p></blockquote>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'His bill was zharp, his stomack lear,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zo up a snapped the caddlin pair.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 97.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Learn</b>. To teach. 'I'll learn 'ee to do that again, you young
vaggot!' 'Her do want some 'un to learn she, 'stead o' she
learnin' we!' In general use in Wilts.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lease</b>, <b>Leaze</b>, &amp;c.: sometimes used with a prefix, as <small>Cow-leaze</small>,
<small>Ox-leaze</small>. (1) As much pasture as will keep
a cow (B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) A large open pasture. <small>Legh</small>,
<small>Lease</small> (Aubrey); <small>Leaze</small> (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iii).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lease</b>. To glean (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lease-bread</b>. Bread made from lease-corn.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lease-corn</b>. Wheat collected by gleaning.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Leaser</b>. A gleaner.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ledged</b>. See <small>Lodged</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lemfeg</b>. An Elleme fig (A.H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'A cure-peg, a curry-peg,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">A lem-feg, a dough-feg.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Nursery Jingle.</cite><br /></span>
</div></div>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang">*<b>Length</b>, <b>Lent</b>. A loan (A.B.). *<small>Lenth</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Let-off</b>. To abuse.&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Maester let I off at a vine rate.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 111.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Lew</b> (pronounced <i>Loo</i>). (1) <i>adj.</i> Warm (H.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> Shelter (A.B.C.S.). 'Get in the lew,' i.e. into a place
sheltered from the wind. A.S. <i>hleo</i>, <i>hleow</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lewis's Cat</b>. A person suspected of incendiary habits. Many
years ago fires are said to have occurred so frequently on the
premises of a person of this name (whose <i>cat</i> sometimes had
the blame of starting them), that the phrase passed into
common use, and a suspected man soon 'got the name of
a Lewis's Cat,' now corrupted into 'Blue Cat.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lewth</b>. Warmth (A.B.C.). Usually restricted to the sun's
warmth, but in <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite> applied to a thin coat, which
'has no lewth in it.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lew-warm</b>. Luke-warm.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Libbet</b>. A fragment (S.). 'All in a libbet,' or 'All in libbets
and jibbets,' torn to rags.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Also <small>Lippet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Liberty</b>. <i>v.</i> To allow anything to run loose. 'It don't
matter how much it's libertied,' the more freedom you can
give it the better.&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Licket</b>. 'All to a licket,' all to pieces.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lide</b>. The month of March (A.). A.S. <i>hlýda</i>, <i>hlýdamonath</i>,
the stormy month, from <i>hlúd</i>, boisterous, noisy (so Grein).
This has nothing to do with <i>lide</i> or <i>lithe</i>, mild, whence come
the A.S. names for June and July. See <cite>N. &amp; Q.</cite> Feb. 6,
1892.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lieton</b>. See <small>Litton</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lill</b>. To pant as a dog (A.B.H.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lily</b>, or <b>Lilies</b>. (1) <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley and Charlton.) (2) <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L.,
Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Limb</b>, <b>Limm</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A ragged tear (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To tear irregularly, to jag out (<i>Ibid.</i>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Limbers</b>. The shafts of a waggon (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Linch</b>, <b>Linchet</b>, <b>Lynch</b>, <b>Lanshet</b> (N.W.), <b>Lytchet</b> (S.W.),
<b>Linchard</b>, &amp;c. (S.). A.S. <i>hlinc</i>, a bank. For articles on
Lynchet, Linchet, or Linch, see <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xii. 185,
and xv. 88. Also articles and letters in <cite>Marlborough College
Natural History Report</cite> and <cite>Marlborough Times</cite>, 1892,
Seebohm's <cite>Village Community</cite>, and Britten's <cite>Old Country
Words</cite>. In an old MS. schedule of land at Huish, N.W.,
'<i>Lanshes and borders</i>,' i.e. turf boundary banks and field
margins, are enumerated. (1) Certain terraces, a few
yards wide, on the escarpment of the downs, probably the
remains of ancient cultivation, are locally known as <small>Lynches</small>
or <small>Lynchets</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) The very narrow ledges,
running in regular lines along the steep face of a down,
probably made by sheep feeding there, are also frequently so
called.&mdash;S.W. (3) A raised turf bank dividing or bounding
a field.&mdash;S.W. (4) A strip of greensward dividing two
pieces of arable land in a common field (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(5) An inland cliff, cf. 'The Hawk's Lynch' (<cite>Tom Brown at
Oxford</cite>); occasionally applied to a steep slope or escarpment,
as at Bowood and Warminster.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Linchard</b> A precipitous strip of land on a hillside, left unploughed
(<cite>Spring-tide</cite>, pp. 79 and 186). See <small>Linch</small>. Cf. A.S.
<i>hlinc</i>, a bank; and perhaps <i>sceard</i>, a piece or portion (Skeat).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lined</b>. Of an animal, having a white back (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Linet</b>. Tinder (H.Wr.). Tinder was made of linen.&mdash;N.W.,
not long obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lipe</b>. A pleat or fold in cloth.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lipping</b>. Of weather, showery, wet, and stormy. 'I thenks
as we shall have a ter'ble lipping summer to-year.' Cf.
Lipping-time, a wet season, Glouc., and <i>Lippen'</i>, showery,
Som.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Litten</b>, <b>Litton</b>. A churchyard. Lieton (H.Wr.) <small>Chirche-litoun</small>
(<cite>Chron. Vilod.</cite>). Still used in Hants, but probably
now obsolete in Wilts (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxv. p. 129).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'His next bed will be in the Litten, if he be laying on the ground
on such a night as this.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 161.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Liver-sand</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Sand-veins ... which are deep and tough, and are of the nature
called in Wilts "liver-sand."'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Lob</b>. Of leaves, to droop limply, as cabbages do before rain.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lock</b>. 'A lock of hay,' a small quantity of hay (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Locks-and-Keys</b>. <i>Dielytra spectabilis</i>, D.C. The usual
cottagers' name for it in Somerset.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Locky</b>. Of hay which has not been properly shaken about,
stuck together in locks as it was cut.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lodged</b>. Of wheat, laid or beaten down by wind or rain (D.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. Also <small>Ledged</small> (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii.
p. 112).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Log</b>. See <small>Lug</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loggered</b>. A boy who is at plough all day often gets so
<i>loggered</i>, or weighed down with <i>loggers</i>, all the time, that he
comes home at night quite exhausted.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loggers</b>. Lumps of dirt on a ploughboy's feet.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.) In Glouc. a 'logger' is a small log attached to
a horse's foot, to prevent straying.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loggerums</b>. (1) <i>Centaurea nigra</i>, L., Black Knapweed.&mdash;N.W.
*(2) 'Scabious' (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loiter</b>. See <small>Laiter</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lolloper</b>. A lazy lout (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lollup</b>. (1) To loll out. 'Look at <em>he</em>, wi' he's tongue
a lolluping out o' he's mouth, vor aal the world like a dog!'&mdash;N.W.
(2) To loll about, to idle about. 'What be
a-lollupin' about like that vor?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Long Eliza</b>. A kind of long blue earthen jar, formerly often
seen in cottages.&mdash;N.W. (Berks bord.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The high black chimney-shelf was covered with crockery of a low
type of beauty; pink and yellow china dogs shared their elevated
station with "long Elizas" and squat female figures.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. i.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Longful</b>. Tedious (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Long purples</b>. <i>Lythrum Salicaria</i>, L., Purple Loosestrife.
Rarely used. Tennyson's 'long purples of the dale' have
been identified by himself as <i>Vicia Cracca</i>; Shakespeare's
are either <i>Orchis mascula</i>, or <i>Arum maculatum</i>, while Clare
applies the name to <i>Lythrum</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Long-winded</b>. 'A long-winded man' always means one who
is very slow to pay his debts.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Long wood</b>. The long branches which are bent down and
used to weave in and bind a hedge when it is being laid.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lope along</b>. To run as a hare does.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loppet</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> The same as <small>Lope</small>. (2) <i>v.</i> To idle about,
to slouch about. 'A girt veller, allus a loppetin' about.'&mdash;N.W.
Cf. <small>Sloppet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Loppetty</b>. Weak, out of sorts.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lords-and-Ladies</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint (A.B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lot</b>. To reckon, expect, think. 'I do lot her's a bad 'un.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lot-meads</b>. (1) Common meadows divided into equal-sized
pieces, for the hay of which lots were cast each year (D.).&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Lot Mead" is not an uncommon name of fields in Wiltshire
parishes. It is perhaps a vestige of the original partition of lands
when cleared, which the chronicler Simeon of Durham says were distributed
by lot. See Kemble's <cite>Anglo-Saxons</cite>, i. 91.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span> <cite>Aubrey</cite>,
note, p. 198.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) A kind of festival in connexion with this division.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Here [at Wanborough] is a Lott-mead celebrated yearly with great
ceremony. The Lord weareth a garland of flowers: the mowers at
one house have always a pound of beefe and a head of garlic every
man.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span> <cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 198.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Nothing more appears to be known about this festival.&mdash;N.W.
(Wanborough), obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lottle</b>. <i>v.</i> To sound as water trickling in a small stream.
Cf. <small>Glox</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Love-an'-idols</b>, or <b>Loving Idols</b>. <i>Viola tricolor</i>, L., Love-in-idleness,
usually the wild form, but occasionally applied
to the garden pansy also. <small>Nuffin-idols</small> at Clyffe Pypard.
<small>Lovenidolds</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Loving-andrews</b>. <i>Geranium pratense</i>, L., Meadow Cranesbill
(<cite>Village Miners</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Lowl-eared</b>. Long-eared (A.B.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Luce</b>. (1) Luke-warm.&mdash;S.W. *(2) A sore in sheep.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lug</b>. (1) In land measure, a pole or perch (A.B.G.H.S.).
<small>Log</small> (<cite>MS. Gough</cite>: K.Wr.)&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A lug ... is of three lengths in this county: 15, 18, and 16&frac12; feet.
The first of these measures is getting out of use, but is still retained in
some places, particularly in increasing mason's work. The second is
the ancient forest measure, and is still used in many parts of the
county for measuring wood-land. But the last, which is the statute
perch, is by much the more general.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, p. 268.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Any rod or pole (D.H.), as a perch for fowls, a clothes
pole (A.B.). See <small>Oven-lug</small>.</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Olde Freeman doe weare ruggs [coarse cloth],<br /></span>
<span class="i0">And Thomas Lord doe goe to the woods to steal poles and luggs.'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="signature">Seventeenth century doggrell rhymes from Wroughton,<br />
quoted in <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 216.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lug-wood</b>. Lops and tops of trees.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lummakin</b>. Heavy, ungainly, clumsy (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lumper</b>. To move heavily, to stumble along. Of a pony,
to stumble. To kick against anything (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(Malmesbury, Pewsey, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lumpus</b>. (1) Noise, row. 'Don't 'ee make such a lumpus.'&mdash;N.W.
(2) All in a lump, heavily, as applied to a fall.
'Th'oss didn't vall down, but a come down wi' a kind of
a lumpus.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lump work</b>. Piece work.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lumpy</b>. Stout and strong. To say to any one, 'Why, ye
be growed main lumpy!' is to pay him a high compliment.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lurry</b>. Of cows, suffering from looseness.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lynchet</b>, <b>Lytchet</b>. See <small>Linch</small>.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Another British coin, found on the "lytchets" at East Dean, has
passed into the cabinet of Dr. Blackmore.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii.
p. 242.</p></blockquote>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Maakin</b>. See <small>Malkin</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mace</b>. See Note to quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This is a style still used by the lower classes in North Wiltshire to
tradesmen and sons of farmers. Thus at Ogbourne St. George, a
brickmaker whose name is Davis, is called "Mace Davis," and sons of
farmers are called "Mace John," or "Mace Thomas," the surname being
sometimes added and sometimes not.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. i. p. 338.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">This seems a misapprehension. The word used is simply
<i>Mais'</i> (before a consonant), a shortened form of 'Maister.'
'Mais' John' is short for Maister John. Before a vowel it
would be <i>Mais'r</i> or <i>Maistr'</i>&mdash;as 'Maistr' Etherd' [Edward].&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<i>Mas</i> was formerly a common contraction for <i>master</i>, e.g. "Mas
John," and is used by Ben Jonson and other Elizabethan writers.
See Nares, s.v. <i>Mas</i>.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mad</b>. Of land, spoilt, damaged, as by sudden heat after much
rain (Lisle's <cite>Husbandry</cite>).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Madde</b>. *(1) <i>Asperula odorata</i>, L., Sweet Woodruff.&mdash;N.W.
(Lyneham.) (2) <i>Anthemis Cotula</i>, L., Stinking Camomile.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Madell</b> (<i>a</i> broad), <b>Medal</b>, &amp;c. The game of 'Merrills' or 'Nine
Men's Morris.' Also known as <small>Puzzle-Pound</small>. Several
varieties of <small>Madell</small> are played in Wilts, known respectively
as <small>Eleven-penny</small> (strictly <small>The Merrills</small>), <small>Nine-penny</small>, <small>Six-penny</small>,
and <small>Three-penny</small>, according to the number of pieces
used. 'Eleven-penny' is played with eleven pieces each side,
instead of nine, the game being in other respects identical
with 'Nine Men's Morris' as described in Strutt's <cite>Sports and
Pastimes</cite>. The players move alternately, and the general
principle is to get three pieces together in a line anywhere
on the dots or holes, while at the same time preventing your
adversary from making a line. 'Nine-penny,' 'Six-penny,'
and 'Three-penny' differ only in the number of men each
side and the form of the board (<i>see diagrams</i>). The 'board'
is scratched or chalked out on paving-stones, drawn on the
slate, cut deep into the turf on the downs, or the top of
the corn-bin (with holes instead of dots), in short, made
anywhere and anyhow. The 'men' or 'pieces' may be
anything available, sticks being played against stones, beans
against oats, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (Devizes, &amp;c.)</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span></p>
<div class="figcenter" style="width: 247px;">
<img src="images/nine-mens-morris.jpg" width="247" height="250" alt="" />
<div class="caption">Nine Men's Morris,<br />
or Eleven-penny Madell.<br /><br /></div>
</div>

<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
<img src="images/nine-penny-madell.jpg" width="250" height="248" alt="" />
<div class="caption">Nine-penny Madell,<br />
or The Merrills.<br /><br /></div>
</div>

<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
<img src="images/six-penny-madell.jpg" width="250" height="217" alt="" />
<div class="caption">Six-penny Madell.<br /><br /></div>
</div>

<div class="figcenter" style="width: 247px;">
<img src="images/three-penny-madell.jpg" width="247" height="250" alt="" />
<div class="caption">Three-penny Madell.<br /><br /></div>
</div>

<p class="hang"><b>Maggots</b>. <i>n.</i> Tricks, nonsense. 'Her's at her maggots again.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Maggotting</b>. Meddling (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Maggotty</b>. <i>adj.</i> Frisky, playful (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Maggotty-pie</b>. <i>Picus caudatus</i>, the Magpie (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033,
f. 2), still in use.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Maiden's Honesty</b>. <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy.
See <small>Honesty</small>.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'All the hedges about Thickwood (in the parish Colerne) are ...
hung with maydens honesty.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Wilts</cite>, Royal Soc. MS. p. 120.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Main</b>. (1) <i>adv.</i> Very, as 'main good,' excellent (A.B.).&mdash;N.&amp;
S.W. (2) <i>adj.</i> 'A main sight o' frawk,' a great
number (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mais'</b>. See <small>Mace</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Make</b>. 'That makes me out,' puzzles me (H.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Malkin</b>. See <small>Mawkin</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mammered</b>. Perplexed (A.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mammock</b>. <i>v.</i> To pull to pieces (<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>, August,
1893).&mdash;N.W. (Castle Eaton, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He did so set his teeth and tear it; O, I warrant, how he
mammocked it!'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Shakespeare</span>, <cite>Coriolanus</cite>, i. 3.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mander</b>. To order about in a worrying dictatorial fashion
(S.). 'Measter do mander I about so.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mandy</b> (long <i>a</i>). (1) Frolicsome, saucy, impudent (A.B.C.):
now only used by very old people.&mdash;N.W. *(2) Showy
(C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mar</b>. See <small>More</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Marlbro'-handed</b>. People who used their tools awkwardly
were formerly called '<i>Marlbro'-handed vawk</i>,' natives of
Marlborough being traditionally famed for clumsiness and
unhandiness.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Marley</b>. Streaky, marbled; applied to fat beef, or bacon
from a fat pig, where the fat seems to streak and grain
the lean.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Martin</b>, <b>Free-martin</b>. A calf of doubtful sex.&mdash;N.W. An
animal with an ox-like head and neck, which never breeds,
but is excellent for fatting purposes. It is commonly supposed
that a female calf born twin with a male is always
a free-martin. Recent investigations, however, have proved
that though the external organs of a free-martin may be
female the internal are in all cases male. The rule laid
down by Geddes and Thomson is that twin calves are
always normal when of opposite sex or both female; but
that if both are male one is invariably thus abnormal
(<cite>Evolution of Sex</cite>, ch. iii. p. 39). Compare Scotch <i>ferow</i>
or <i>ferry cow</i>, a cow not in calf, and <i>mart</i>, an ox; also A.S.
<i>fear</i>, a bullock (<cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Masked</b>. See <small>A-masked</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mathern</b>, <b>Mauthern</b>. *(1) <i>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</i>,
L., Ox-eye Daisy (A.D.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W. (2) Wild Camomile
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Maudlin</b>. The Ox-eye Daisy (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mawk</b> (pronounced <i>Maak</i>). To clean out the oven with the
'maakin,' before putting in the batch of bread.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mawkin</b>, <b>Malkin</b>, <b>Maak</b>, or <b>Maakin</b>, (1) An oven-swab
with which the charcoal sticks are swept out of the oven,
before putting in the batch (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The malkin, being wetted, cleaned out the ashes ... malkin [is]
a bunch of rags on the end of a stick.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Also used as a term of reproach.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thee looks like a girt maakin.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>May-beetle</b>, The cockchafer (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>May-blobs</b>, <b>May-blubs</b>, or <b>May-bubbles</b>, Flowers and buds
of <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mazzard</b>, *(1) A small kind of cherry (<cite>English Plant
Names</cite>). <small>Merry</small> is the usual Wilts name, <i>Mazzard</i> being
Dev. and Som. (2) The head (A.), but only in such
threats as:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I'll break thee mazzard vor thee!'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 31.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Ben Jonson has <i>mazzarded</i>, broken-headed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Meadow-soot</b>, <i>Spiraea Ulmaria</i>, L., Meadow-sweet (<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. ii). <i>Sote</i>, or <i>soot</i>=sweet.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mealy</b>, Mild and damp. ''Twar a oncommon mealy
marnin'.'&mdash;N.W. (Bratton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Measle-flower</b>, The garden Marigold, the dried flowers having
some local reputation as a remedy. Children, however, have
an idea that they may catch the complaint from handling
the plant.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Med</b>, See <small>Mid</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Meg</b>, <b>Meggy</b>. (1) In the game of <small>Must</small>, q.v., a small stone&mdash;called
a 'meg' or 'meggy'&mdash;is placed on the top of a large
one, and bowled at with other 'meggies,' of which each
player has one.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. *(2) <small>Maig.</small> A peg (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mere</b>. A boundary line or bank of turf.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. A turf
boundary between the downs on adjoining farms: formed
by cutting two thick turves, one smaller than the other, and
placing them, upside down, with the smaller one on top, at
intervals of about a chain along the boundary line.&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The strips [in a "common field"] are marked off from one another,
not by hedge or wall, but by a simple grass path, a foot or so wide,
which they call "balks" or "meres."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> xvii. 294.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'Two acres of arable, of large measure, in Pen field, lying together
and bounded by meres on both sides.'&mdash;<cite>Hilmarton Parish Terrier</cite>, dated
1704.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Mere-stone</b>. A boundary stone (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Merry</b>. The cherry; applied to both black and red varieties,
but especially the small semi-wild fruit.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Merry-flower</b>. The wild Cherry.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mesh</b> (<i>e</i> long). Moss or lichen on an old apple-tree.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Messenger</b>. (1) A sunbeam reaching down to the horizon
from behind a cloud is sometimes said to be the sun
'sending out a messenger.' Cf. Cope's <cite>Hants Glossary</cite>. Used
by children in both N. &amp; S. Wilts. (2) <i>pl.</i> The small
detached clouds that precede a storm (<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>,
ch. vi).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mice's-mouths</b>. <i>Linaria vulgaris</i>, Mill., Snapdragon.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Michaelmas Crocus</b>. <i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, L., Meadow Saffron.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mickle</b>. Much (A.S.). A.S. <i>micel</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mid</b>, <b>Med</b>. <i>v.</i> Might or may (S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Middling</b>. (1) Ailing in health (H.); <small>Middlinish</small> (<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 137).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Tolerable, as 'a middlin'
good crop.' <small>Middlekin</small> is occasionally used in S. Wilts in
this sense.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. 'Very middling' (with a shake of
the head), bad, or ill; 'pretty middling' (with a nod), good,
or well (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 112).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Midstay</b>. The barn-floor between the mows.&mdash;N.W. (Aldbourne.)
Compare <i>Middlestead</i>, a threshing-floor: <i>East of
England</i>; also</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'The old and one-eyed cart-horse dun<br /></span>
<span class="i0">The middenstead went hobbling round,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Blowing the light straw from the ground.'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="signature">
<span class="smcap">W. Morris</span>, <cite>The Land East of the Sun</cite>.<br />
</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Midsummer men</b>. <i>Sedum Fabaria</i>, Koch., a variety of the red
Orpine.&mdash;N.W. occasionally; S.W. (Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mild</b>. Of stone or wood, easily worked (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ix).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Milk-flower</b>. <i>Lychnis vespertina</i>, Sibth., Evening Campion.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton All Saints.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Milkmaids</b>. <i>Cardamine pratensis</i>, L., Lady's Smock. In common
use in Hill Deverill and Longbridge Deverill, also at Farley
and Hamptworth.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Milkwort</b>. <i>Euphorbia Peplus</i>, L., Petty Spurge.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mill</b>. To clean clover-seed from the husk (D.). <small>Milled Hop</small>
(D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Miller</b>, <b>Millard</b>, <b>Mallard</b>, or <b>Dusty Miller</b>. A large white
moth (A.S.); generally extended to any large night-flying
species.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mill-peck</b>. A kind of hammer with two chisel-heads, used
for deepening the grooves of the millstone (<cite>Great Estate</cite>,
ch. ix).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mill-staff</b>. A flat piece of wood, rubbed with ruddle, by which
the accuracy of the work done by the mill-peck may be
tested (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ix).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mind</b>. (1) To remind. 'That minds I o' Lunnon, it do.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) To remember. 'I minds I wur just about
bad then.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) 'To be a mind to anything,'
to be inclined to do it.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Minding</b>. A reminder. After a severe illness you are apt to
have 'the mindings on't' now and again.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Minnies</b>. Small fry of all kinds of fish.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mint</b>. A cheese-mite (A.). The older form of <i>mite</i> (Skeat).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Minty</b>. Of cheese, full of mites (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mist-pond</b>. A pond on the downs, not fed by any spring, but
kept up by mist, dew, and rain. Such ponds rarely fail,
even in the longest drought. More commonly called <small>Dew-ponds</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(Broadchalke, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mixen</b>, <b>Muxen</b>. A dungheap (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mix-muddle</b>. One who muddles things imbecilely (<cite>Village
Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Miz-maze</b>. Puzzle, perplexity, confusion.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Miz-mazed</b>. Thoroughly puzzled, stupefied. Stunned (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mizzy-mazey</b>. Confused. Used of print swimming before the
eyes.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moile</b>. Dirt, mud. <small>Mwoile</small> (A.). 'Aal in a mwoile.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moll*'ern</b>, <b>Molly Heron</b>. The Heron (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mommick</b>, <b>Mommet</b>. A scarecrow. Cf. <small>Mummock</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Money-in-both-pockets</b>. <i>Lunaria biennis</i>, L., Honesty, from
the seeds showing on both sides of the dissepiment through
the transparent pod.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Monkey-musk</b>. The large garden varieties of <i>Mimulus</i>, which
resemble the true musk, but are scentless, and therefore
merely <i>monkey</i> (i.e. mock, spurious) musk.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Monkey Nut</b>. <i>Poa annua</i>, L., Meadow Grass; eaten by boys
for its nut-like flavour.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Monkey-plant</b>. Garden <i>Mimulus</i> (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. viii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mooch</b>. See <small>Mouch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moocher</b>. See <small>Moucher</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moochers</b>. Fruit of <i>Rubus fruticosus</i>, L., Blackberry (S.).
Cf. <small>Berry-moucher</small> (2).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moon-daisy</b>. <i>Chrysanthemum leucanthemum</i>, L., Ox-eye Daisy
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii). A very general name, especially in
N. Wilts. The flowers are sometimes called <small>Moons</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moonied up</b>. Coddled and spoilt by injudicious bringing up.
'Gells as be moonied up bean't never no good.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moots</b>. Roots of trees left in the ground (A.). See <small>Stowls</small>.&mdash;E.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mop</b>. (1) A Statute Fair for hiring servants (A.B.); also
used in Glouc. (<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 33).&mdash;N.W. (2) A rough
tuft of grass.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moral</b>. A child is said to be the 'very moral,' or exact likeness,
of its father. A form of 'model.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>More</b>, <b>Mar</b>, <b>Moir</b>. (1) An old root or stump of a tree.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) A root of any plant (A.B.G.S.: Aubrey's
<cite>Wilts MS.</cite>), as 'a strawberry more'; 'fern mars'; 'cowslip
mars,' &amp;c. (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. vii.) Occasionally <small>Moir</small> in
N. Wilts, as in <small>Crazy Moir</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moreish</b>. Appetizing, so good that you want more of it. 'Viggy
pudden be oncommon moreish.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mort</b>. <i>n.</i> A quantity.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Her talks a mort too vine.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. x.</p>

<p>'I stuck up to her a mort o' Sundays.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> ch. xv.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Most-in-deal</b>. Usually, generally (A.B.C.). 'Where do 'e bide
now, Bill?' 'Most-in-deal at 'Vize [Devizes], but zometimes
at Ziszeter [Cirencester].' <small>Most-in-general</small> is more commonly
used now.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Most-in-general</b>. Usually.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Most in gen'ral I catches sight of you when I goes by wi' the
horses, but you wasn't in the garden this afternoon.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. i.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Mote</b>, <b>Maute</b>. A morsel of anything, a very minute quantity.&mdash;S.W.,
formerly.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mother-of-thousands</b>. (1) <i>Saxifraga sarmentosa</i>, L.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>Linaria Cymbalaria</i>, Mill., Ivy-leaved Toadflax.&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mother Shimbles' Snick-needles</b>. <i>Stellaria Holostea</i>, L.,
Greater Stitchwort (<cite>Sarum Dioc. Gazette</cite>).&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mothery</b>. Thick, muddy, as spoilt beer or vinegar (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mouch</b>, <b>Mooch</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To prowl about the woods and lanes,
picking up such unconsidered trifles as nuts, watercresses,
blackberries, ferns, and flower-roots, with an occasional turn
at poaching (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. vii); to pilfer out-of-doors,
as an armful of clover from the fresh-cut swathe
(<cite>Hodge and his Masters</cite>, ch. xxiii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Probably connected with O.F. <i>mucer</i>, <i>muchier</i>, Fr. <i>musser</i>, to hide, to
lurk about. It always implies something done more or less by stealth.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To play the truant.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To be
sulky or out of temper.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (4) <i>n.</i> 'In a mouch,'
in a bad temper. 'On the mouch,' gone off mouching.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moucher</b>, <b>Moocher</b>. (1) A truant (A.B.). See <small>Berry-moucher</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) A man who lives by mouching (<cite>Gamekeeper
at Home</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Moulter</b>. Of birds, to moult.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mound</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A hedge. In general use in N. Wilts.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To hedge in or enclose.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The Churchyard ... to be mounded partly by the manor, partly
by the parish and parsonage except only one gate to be maintained by
the vicar.'&mdash;1704, <cite>Hilmarton Parish Terrier</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Mouse</b>. The 'mouse' is a small oblong piece of muscle, under
the blade-bone of a pig.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The chief muscles of the body were named from lively animals;
e.g. ... <i>mus</i>, mouse, the biceps muscle of the arm, and so in A.S. and
O.H.G. Cf. <i>musculus</i>, (1) a little mouse, (2) a muscle.' (<cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>,
p. 615, sub Calf.)&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mousetails</b>. A kind of grass, perhaps Cats'-tail, but not
<i>Myosorus</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Moutch</b>. 'On the moutch,' shuffling (H.). Some meaning
of <small>Mouch</small> has probably here been misunderstood.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mouthy</b>. <i>adj.</i> Abusive, cheeky, impudent.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mow</b>. In a barn, the unboarded space at each end of the
threshing-floor, where the corn used to be heaped up for
threshing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mowing-machine Bird</b>. <i>Salicaria locustella</i>, Grasshopper
Warbler, from its peculiar note (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 154).&mdash;S.W.
(Mere.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Much</b>. (1) 'It's much if he do,' most likely he won't do
it. 'It's much if he don't,' most likely he will.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To make much of, to pet. 'Her do like muching,'
i.e. being petted.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Much-about</b>. Used intensively.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I was never one to go bellockin', though I've allus had much-about
raison to murmur.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. x.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Muck</b>. Dirt, mud, earth.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mucker</b>. A miserly person (S.) Cf. <small>Mouch</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A fine old word, that I do not remember to have met with in other
counties. It=Old Eng. <i>mokerer</i> (<cite>Old English Miscellany</cite>, E. E. T. S. p. 214),
a miser; Scot. <i>mochre</i>, <i>mokre</i>, to hoard.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Muckle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Manure, long straw from the stable (<cite>Agric.
of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) 'Muckle over,' to
cover over tender plants with long straw in autumn, to
protect them from frost.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muddle-fuss</b>. A persistent meddler with other people's
affairs.&mdash;N.W. (Steeple Ashton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Mudel over</b>. The same as <i>Muckle over</i>, q.v. (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
ch. vii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mud-up</b>. (1) To pamper and spoil a child.&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.) *(2) To bring up by hand (H.Wr.), as 'Mud the
child up, dooke' (<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite>, 1814).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muggeroon</b>. A mushroom.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muggerum</b>. Part of the internal fat of a pig.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muggle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Confusion, muddle (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Here we be, ael in a muggle like.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 137.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) To live in a muddling, haphazard way.&mdash;N.W. Cf.:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Most on us 'ad a precious sight rather work for a faermer like the
old measter, an' have our Saturday night reg'lar, than go muggling the
best way we could, an' take our chance.'&mdash;<cite>Jonathan Merle</cite>, xxxvii. 412.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muggle-pin</b>. The pin in the centre of a want-trap.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mullin</b>. The headstall of a cart-horse: sometimes extended
to the headstall and blinkers of a carriage horse.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mullock</b>. A heap of rubbish (A.B.), now applied to mine
refuse in Australia.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mummock</b>. A shapeless confused mass. A clumsily-swaddled
baby or badly-dressed woman would be 'aal in
a mummock.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mum up</b>. To make much of, pamper, pet, and spoil. 'A
granny-bred child's allus a-mummed up.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mun</b>. Used in addressing any person, as 'Doesn't thee knaw
that, mun?' (A.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Must</b>. A game played by children: a small stone&mdash;'a meggy'&mdash;is
placed on the top of a large one, and bowled at with
other 'meggies,' of which each player has one.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muxen</b>. See <small>Mixen</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Nacker</b>. See <small>Knacker</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nail-passer</b>. A gimlet (A.). Kennett has <i>Nailsin</i> in a similar
sense.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Here's the kay" ... holding up a small gimlet. "Whoy, thuck
ben't a kay ... that's nothing but a nail-passer."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 44.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Nails</b>. <i>Bellis perennis</i>, L., Daisy.&mdash;S.W. (Mere.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Naked Boys</b>. <i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, L., Meadow Saffron, the
flowers and leaves of which do not appear together (Aubrey,
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 51, ed. Brit.). <i>Naked Lady</i> in Cornw.,
Yks., &amp;c., and <i>Naked Virgins</i> in Chesh.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Huish,
Stockton, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Naked Nanny</b>. <i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, L., Meadow Saffron.
See <small>Naked Boys</small>.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nammet</b>. See <small>Nummet</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>'Nan</b>. What do you say? (A.B.C.). See <small>Anan</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nanny-fodger</b>, or <b>Nunny-fudger</b>. (1) A meddlesome
prying person.&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>Troglodytes vulgaris</i>, the Wren.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Narration</b>. Fuss, commotion. 'He do allus make such
a narration about anythin'.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nash</b>, <b>Naish</b>, <b>Nesh</b>. (1) Tender, delicate, chilly
(A.B.H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Tender and juicy: applied to
lettuces.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nation</b>, <b>Nashun</b>, &amp;c. Very, extremely, as <i>nation dark</i>
(A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nation-grass</b>. <i>Aira caespitosa</i>, L., perhaps an abbreviation of
Carnation-grass.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Natomy</b>, <b>Notamy</b>, <b>Notamize</b>, &amp;c. A very thin person or
animal, an anatomy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Naumpey</b>. A weak foolish-minded person.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Navigator</b>. A drain-maker's spade, with a stout narrow
gouge-like blade (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. xi), more usually
known as a <small>Graft</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neal</b>, <b>Nealded</b>. See <small>Anneal</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neck-headland</b>. 'To fall neck-headland,' i.e. headlong.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neet</b>. See <small>Nit</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neoust of a neoustness</b>. Nearly alike (A.). See <small>Aneoust</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nesh</b>. See <small>Nash</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nessel-tripe</b>, <b>Nessel-trip</b>, <b>Nussel-trip</b>. The smallest and
weakest pig in a litter. Commonly used in the Deverills,
and elsewhere.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nettle-creeper</b>. Applied generally in Wilts to the following
three birds:&mdash;(1) <i>Curruca cinerea</i>, Common Whitethroat,
(2) <i>C. sylvatica</i>, Lesser Whitethroat, and (3) <i>C.
hortensis</i>, Garden Warbler (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, pp. 159-161).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neust</b>. See <small>Aneoust</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neust alike</b>. Nearly alike.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neust of a neustness</b>. See <small>Aneoust</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Never-the-near</b>. To no purpose, uselessly. 'I cwourted
she ten year, but there, 'twer aal niver-the-near.'&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Next akin to nothing</b>. Very little indeed. 'There's next
akin to nothen left in the barrel.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nibs</b>. The handles of a scythe (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Niche</b>. See <small>Knitch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nightcaps</b>. (1) <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Aquilegia vulgaris</i>, L., the garden Columbine.&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes, Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Night-fall</b>. <i>n.</i> A disease in horses. A humour in the fetlock
joint, recurring until it produces incurable lameness.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Witness ... told him his animal was very lame, and asked what
was the matter with it. He replied, "Nothing, it is only 'night-fall,'
and it comes on several times during the year."'&mdash;<cite>Wilts County
Mirror</cite>, Oct. 27, 1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Nightingale</b>. <i>Stellaria Holostea</i>, L., Greater Stitchwort.&mdash;S.W.
(Hants bord.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Night Violet</b>. <i>Habenaria chlorantha</i>, Bab., Greater Butterfly
Orchis (<cite>Sarum Dioc. Gazette</cite>).&mdash;N.W. (Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nine-holes</b>. A game played by children.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This is mentioned among the "illegal games" in the Castle Combe
records.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. iii. p. 156.</p>

<p>'1576. <i>Lusum illicitum vocatum</i> nyne holes.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Scrope's</span> <cite>History of Castle
Combe</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Nineter</b>. (1) 'A nineter young rascal,' a regular scamp.
Not perverted from <i>anoint</i> (as if it meant set apart to evil
courses and an evil end), but from Fr. <i>anoienté</i>, <i>anéanti</i>,
brought to nothing, worthless (<cite>Folk-Etymology</cite>, p. 9).&mdash;N.W.
(Seend.) *(2) A skinflint (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ninny-hammer</b>. A fool, a silly person.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>'Nint</b>. See <small>Anoint</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>'Ninting</b> (<i>i</i> long). A beating. See <small>Anoint</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nipper</b>. A small boy (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nippers</b>. The same as <small>Grab-hook</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nippy</b>. Stingy (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nistn't</b>. Need not.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thee nistn't hoopy at I&mdash;I can hyar as well as thee.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne
Farm</cite>, ch. iii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Nit, Neet</b>. Nor yet. Wrongly defined by Akerman, Slow,
and others as <i>not yet</i>. 'I han't got no money nit no vittles.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nitch</b>. See <small>Knitch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nog</b>. A rough block or small log of wood.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nog-head</b>. A blockhead (S.). <small>Nug-head</small> in W. Somerset.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nolens volens</b>. Used in N. Wilts in various corrupted forms,
as 'I be gwain, nolus-bolus,' in any case; 'vorus-norus,'
rough, blustering; and 'snorus-vorus,' vehemently.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Noodle along</b>. To lounge aimlessly along, to move drowsily
and heavily, as a very spiritless horse.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>*Noon-naw</b>. A stupid fellow, a 'know-naught' (<cite>Great Estate</cite>,
ch. iv).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nor, Nur</b>. Than; as 'better nur that' (B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Not-cow</b>. A cow without horns (A.). A.S. <i>hnot</i>, clipped,
shorn.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Noust</b>. See <small>Aneoust</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nummet</b>. The 'noon-meat' or noon-day meal (A.). <small>Nammet</small>
in S. Wilts.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Numpinole</b>. The Pimpernel.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nuncheon, Nunchin</b>. The noon-meal (A.S.). <small>Nunch</small> (<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 117).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nunchin-bag</b>. The little bag in which ploughmen carry their
meals (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nunny-fudging</b>. Nonsense. 'That's all nunny-fudgen.'&mdash;N.W.,
now nearly obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nunny-fudgy</b>. 'A nunny-fudgy chap,' a poor sort of a fellow
with no go in him: now used only by old people.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nur</b>. See <small>Nor</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>*Nurk</b>. The worst pig of a litter. See <small>Rinnick</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nurly</b>. Of soil: lying in lumps.&mdash;S.W. (Bratton.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nut</b>. The nave of a wheel (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nyst, Niest</b>. Often used in Mid Wilts in same way as <i>neust</i>,
as 'I be nyst done up,' i.e. over tired.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nythe</b>. A brood, as 'a nythe o' pheasants'; always used by
gamekeepers.&mdash;N.W. Apparently a form of Fr. <i>nid</i>, a nest.
In the New Forest they say 'an <i>eye</i> of pheasants.' See
Cope's <cite>Hampshire Glossary</cite> (s.v. <i>Nye</i>).</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Oak-tree loam or clay</b>. The Kimmeridge Clay (Britton's
<cite>Beauties</cite>, 1825, vol. iii., also Davis's <cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
p. 113, &amp;c.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oat-hulls</b> (pronounced Wut-hulls). Oat chaff and refuse.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oaves</b>. (1) Oat chaff.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Huish, &amp;c.) (2) The
eaves of a house (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A good old form. Mid. Eng. <i>ovese</i> (<cite>Old Eng. Miscell.</cite>, E. E. T. S.
p. 15, l. 465),=O. H. Germ, <i>opasa</i> (<cite>Vocab. of S. Gall</cite>).'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Odds</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To alter, change, set right. 'I'll soon odds
that' (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 112).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> Difference. 'That don't make no odds to I.' 'What's
the odds to thee?' what does it matter to you?&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oddses</b>. Odds and ends.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oddy</b>. (1) See <small>Huddy</small>. (2) Strong, vigorous, in hearty
health.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Of</b>. With. 'You just come along o' I!'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Offer</b>. 'To offer to do a thing,' to make as though you were
going to do it, or to begin to do it. 'He offered to hit I,'
i.e. did not <em>say</em> he would, but just put up his fists and let
out.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Old man</b>. (1) <i>Artemisia Abrotanum</i>, L., Southernwood.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Anagallis arvensis</i>, L., Scarlet Pimpernel.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Old man's beard</b>. (1) <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy,
when in fruit.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) The mossy galls on the
dog-rose.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Old Sow</b>. <i>Melilotus coerulea</i>, L., from its peculiar odour
(<cite>Science Gossip</cite>, Nov. 1868).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W., rarely.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Old woman's bonnet</b>. <i>Geum rivale</i>, Water Avens.&mdash;S.W.
(Mere.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Old woman's pincushion</b>. <i>Orchis maculata</i>, L., Spotted Orchis.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ollit</b>. See <small>Elet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>On</b>. (1) =<i>in</i>, prep., as 'I run agen un on th' street' (A.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) =<i>in</i>, prefix, as <i>ondacent</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(3) =<i>im</i>, prefix, as <i>onpossible</i> (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (4) =<i>un</i>,
prefix, as <i>ongainly</i> (B.). <i>Onlight</i>, to alight.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(5) =<i>of</i>, as 'I never did thenk much on 'en.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(6) =<i>by</i>, as 'He come on a mistake.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Once</b>. (1) Some time or other (M.). 'Once before ten
o'clock,' some time or other before ten.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Send it once this morning, dooke.'&mdash;<cite>Monthly Mag.</cite> 1814.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) 'I don't once (=for one moment) think as you'll catch
un.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oo</b>. Such words as <i>hood</i>, wood, <i>want</i>, a mole, <i>wonder</i>, &amp;c., are
usually pronounced in N. Wilts as <i>'ood</i>, <i>'oont</i>, <i>'oonder</i>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Organy</b>. (1) <i>Mentha Pulegium</i>, L., Pennyroyal (A.B.).
(2) <i>Origanum vulgare</i>, L., Marjoram (<cite>English Plant Names</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Otherguise</b>. Otherwise.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Out-axed</b>. Of a couple, having had their banns fully asked,
or called for the last time (<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 100). The banns
are then <i>out</i>, and the couple <i>out-axed</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oven-cake</b>. Half a loaf, baked at the oven's mouth.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Oven-lug</b>. The pole used as a poker in an oven. See <small>Lug</small> (2).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Over-get</b>. To overtake, to catch up.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Overlayer</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The waggons ... seldom have any overlayers or out-riggers, either
at the ends or sides.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xxxviii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Overlook</b>. To bewitch. Rare in Wilts, common in Dev. and
Som.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Over-right</b>, <b>Vorright</b>. Opposite to.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Owl about</b>. To moon about out of doors in the dark.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Owling</b>. The same as <small>Griggling</small>, q.v.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="ind2">Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Howlers. Boys who in former times went round wassailing the
orchards.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Parish</span>, <cite>Sussex Glossary</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'The wenches with their wassail bowls<br /></span>
<span class="i0">About the streets are singing;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">The boys are come to catch the owls.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">G. Wither.</span><br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang">*<b>Owl-catchers</b>. Gloves of stout leather (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>,
ch. xi).</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Pack-rag Day</b>. October 11, Old Michaelmas Day, when people
change house. Also used in Suffolk.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Paint-brushes</b>. <i>Eleocharis palustris</i>, Br.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton
All Saints.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Palm-tree</b>. The Willow. <small>Palms.</small> Its catkins.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pamper</b>. To mess about, to spoil a thing.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pancherd</b>. See <small>Panshard</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pank</b>. To pant (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Panshard</b>, <b>Ponshard</b>, <b>Pancherd</b>. (1) A potshard: a broken
bit of crockery (A.B.S.).&mdash;N.W. (2) 'In a panshard,' out
of temper, in a rage.&mdash;S.W. Also used in the New Forest.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pantony</b>. A cottager's pantry (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii.
p. 112). Compare <i>Entony</i>, an entry: Berks. There are
many slight variants, as <small>Panterny</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Paper Beech</b>. <i>Betula alba</i>, L.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Parasol</b>. <i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i>, L., Salad Burnet.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Parson</b>. In carting dung about the fields, the heaps are shot
down in lines, and are all of much the same size. Sometimes,
however, the cart tips up a little too much, with the result
that the whole cartload is shot out into a large heap. This
is known as a 'Parson.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Parters</b>. Pieces of wood in a waggon which join the dripple
to the bed. See <small>Waggon</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Passover</b>. 'A bit of a passover,' a mere passing shower.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Payze</b>. To raise with a lever (B.). Norman French <i>peiser</i>, cp.
Fr. <i>poiser</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peace-and-Plenty</b>. A kind of small double white garden
Saxifrage.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peakid</b>, <b>Peaky</b>, <b>Picked</b>, <b>Picky</b>. Wan or sickly-looking.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pearl-blind</b>. See <small>Purley</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peart</b>. (1) Impertinent (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) In good
health. 'How be 'ee?' 'Aw, pretty peart, thank'ee.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (3) Clever, quick, intelligent.&mdash;S.W.
(4) Stinging, sharp, as a blister.&mdash;S.W. (5) Lively.
'Her's as peart as ar' a bird, that's what her is!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peck</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A pickaxe.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To use
a pickaxe.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> Of a horse, to trip or
stumble: also <small>Peck-down</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Captain Middleton's horse "pecked"&mdash;it is presumed through
putting its foot in a hole&mdash;and threw the rider.'&mdash;<cite>Daily Telegraph</cite>,
April 11, 1892.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pecker</b>. <i>n.</i> The nose (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pecky</b>. Inclined to stumble. 'Th'old hoss goes terr'ble
pecky.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peel</b>. (1) A lace-making pillow (A.B.). A little 'Peel
lace' is still made about Malmesbury. A.S. <i>pile</i>.&mdash;N.W.
(2) The pillow over the axle of a waggon (D.). See <small>Waggon</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(3) The pole, with a flat board at end, for
putting bread into the oven.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peggles</b>. See <small>Pig-all</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pelt</b>. Rage, passion (A.S.). 'A come in, in such a pelt.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. The word occurs in this sense in some old plays.
Herrick alludes in <cite>Oberon's Palace</cite> to 'the stings of peltish
wasps,' and Topsell uses 'pelting' for angry or passionate.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'You zims 'mazin afeert to zee your gran'fer in a pelt! 'Ten't often
as I loses my temper, but I've a-lost 'un now.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Penny</b> (or <b>Perry</b>) <b>moucher</b>. A corruption of <small>Berry-moucher</small>, q.v.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Perkins</b>. The same as <small>Ciderkin</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Perk up</b>. To get better, to brighten up.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Perseen</b>. <i>v.</i> To pretend to (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'There's Jack White a comin'; I wun't perseen ta know un.'&mdash;<cite>Mr.
Slow.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Peter grievous</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A dismal person, or one who looks
much aggrieved. <small>Pity grievous</small> at Clyffe Pypard, and <small>Peter
grievous</small> at Salisbury.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I'll tell you summat as 'll make 'ee look a pater grievous!'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>,
ch. xv.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>adj.</i> Dismal-looking. 'He be a peter-grievious-looking
sort of a chap.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Peter-man</b>. See Jackson's <cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 11.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'At Kington Langley ... the revel of the village was kept on the
Sunday following St. Peter's Day (29th June), on which occasions a
temporary officer called "the Peter-man" used to be appointed, bearing
the office, it may be presumed, of master of the sports.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> vol. xxiv. p. 83.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Peth</b>. The crumb of bread.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pethy</b>. Crumby, as 'a pethy loaf.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pick</b>. (1) A hay-making fork (A.B.D.), a stable-fork (D.).
<i>Pick</i>=pitch, as in <i>pitch-fork</i> (Skeat).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) The
fruit of the sloe.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Picked</b> (two syll.). (1) Sharp-pointed. <small>Piggid</small> on Som.
bord. 'Thuck there prong yun't picked enough.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) Looking ill (S.). With features sharpened by ill-health.
See <small>Peakid</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pickpocket</b>. <i>Capsella Bursa-pastoris</i>, L., Shepherd's Purse.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (Enford, Mere, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Picky</b>. See <small>Peakid</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pie-curr</b>. <i>Fuligula cristata</i>, Tufted Duck (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 190).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-all</b>, <b>Pig-haw</b>. Fruit of the hawthorn (A.). <small>Peggles</small>
(Jefferies, <cite>Marlborough Forest</cite>, &amp;c.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-berry</b>. Fruit of the hawthorn (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pigeon-pair</b>. When a woman has only two children, a boy
and a girl, they are called a 'pigeon pair.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'So in N. Eng. "a dow's cleckin" (a dove's clutch) is used for two
children.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Piggid</b>. See <small>Picked</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-haw</b>. See <small>Pig-all</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-meat</b>. The flesh of the pig in Wilts is, if fresh, 'pig-meat.'
It is never 'pork' unless the animal is specially
killed as a 'little porker.'</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pig-muddle</b>. Disorder, mess.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-nut</b>. (1) <i>Bunium flexuosum</i>, With., The Earth-nut.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) The very similar root of <i>Carum Bulbocastanum</i>,
Koch., Tuberous Caraway.&mdash;N.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-potatoes</b>. Small potatoes, usually boiled up for the pigs.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pigs</b>. (1) See <small>Boats</small>.&mdash;S.W. (Hants bord.) (2) Woodlice.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. Also <small>Guinea-pigs</small> and <small>Butchers' Guinea-pigs</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pig-weed</b>. <i>Symphytum officinale</i>, L., Comfrey.&mdash;N.W. (Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pillars</b>. See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pimrose</b>. A primrose. Also used in Hants.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pin-bone</b>. The hip bone; sometimes the hip itself.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pincushion</b>. (1) <i>Anthyllis vulneraria</i>, L., Kidney Vetch.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford.) (2) <i>Scabiosa arvensis</i>, L., Field Scabious.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pinner</b>. A servant's or milker's apron; a child's pinafore
being generally called <small>Pinney</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Next morn I missed three hens and an old cock,
And off the hedge two pinners and a smock.'</p>

<p class="signature"><span class="smcap">Gay</span>, <cite>The Shepherd's Week</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Pinny-land</b>. Arable land where the chalk comes close to the
surface, as opposed to the deeper clay land.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pins</b>. The hips. A cow with hips above its back is said to
be 'high in the pins.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pip</b>. The bud of a flower (B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pish!</b> or <b>Pishty!</b> A call to a dog (A.). In co. Clare,
Ireland, this is the order to a horse to stop.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pissabed</b>. <i>Leontodon Taraxacum</i>, L., Dandelion, from its
diuretic effects.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pissing-candle</b>. The least candle in the pound, put in to
make up the weight (Kennett's <cite>Paroch. Antiq.</cite>). Cp. Norman
French <i>peiser</i>, to weigh.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pit</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A pond.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> The mound in which
potatoes or mangolds are stored (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> 'To pit potatoes,' to throw them up in
heaps or ridges, in field or garden, well covered over with
straw and beaten earth, for keeping through the winter.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitch</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A steep place.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> 'A pitch of
work,' as much of the water-meadows as the water supply
will cover well at one time (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii).&mdash;S.W.
(3) n. The quantity of hay, &amp;c., taken up by the fork each
time in pitching (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(4) <i>v.</i> To load up wheat, &amp;c., pitching the sheaves with
a fork (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (5) <i>v.</i> To fix hurdles, &amp;c., in
place (<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. xxiii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (6) <i>v.</i> To settle
down closely.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Give the meadows a thorough good soaking at first ... to make
the land sink and pitch closely together.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(7) <i>v.</i> To lose flesh, waste away. Still in use in N. Wilts.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The lambs "pitch and get stunted," and the best summer food
will not recover them.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(8) <i>v.</i> To set out goods for sale in market. 'There wur
a main lot o' cheese pitched s'marnin'.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(9) <i>v.</i> To pave with <small>Pitchin</small>, q.v.&mdash;N.W. (10) <i>v.</i> Of
ground, to have an uneven surface. 'The ground this
end o' the Leaze pitches uncommon bad.'&mdash;S.W. (Hants
bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitched market</b>. A market where the corn is exposed for
sale, not sold by sample (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitchin</b>. <i>n.</i> Paving is done with large flat stones, 'pitching'
with small uneven ones set on edge (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitching-bar</b>. The iron bar used in pitching hurdles (<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. ii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitch-poll</b>. When rooks are flying round and round, playing
and tumbling head over heels in the air (a sign of rain), they
are said to be 'playing pitch-poll'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pitch-up</b>. A short rest, as when a cart is going up a steep
hill.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pit-hole</b>. The grave (S.). Used by children.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They lies, the two on 'em, the fourth and fifth i' the second row,
for I dug pit-holes for 'em.'&mdash;<cite>The Story of Dick</cite>, ch. vi. p. 66.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pixy</b>. A kind of fairy. This is a Dev. and Som. word, but
is said to be in use about Malmesbury.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plain</b>. Straightforward, unaffected, as 'a plain 'ooman.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plan</b>. 'In a poor plan,' unwell, in a poor way, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.
(Seend.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Plank-stone</b>. A flag-stone.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This soyle (at Easton Piers) brings very good oakes and witch
hazles; excellent planke stones.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span> <cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 236.</p>

<p>'At Bowdon Parke, Ano 1666, the diggers found the bones of a man
under a quarrie of planke stones.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. of Wilts</cite>, p. 71,
ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Plash</b>, <b>Pleach</b>. To cut the upper branches of a hedge half
through, and then bend and intertwine them with those left
upright below, so as to make a strong low fence (A.). Also
<small>Splash</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plat</b>. The plateau or plain of the downs.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pleach</b>. See <small>Plash</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pleachers</b>. Live boughs woven into a hedge in laying.&mdash;S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Plim</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To swell out (A.B.S.), as peas or wood when
soaked in water.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> Many years ago,
near Wootton Bassett, old Captain Goddard spoke to
a farmer about a dangerous bull, which had just attacked
a young man. The farmer's reply was:&mdash;'If a hadn't
a bin a <i>plimmin'</i> an' <i>vertin'</i> wi' his stick&mdash;so fashion&mdash;(i.e.
flourishing his stick about in the bull's face), the bull
wouldn't ha' run at un.' No further explanation of these
two words appears to be forthcoming at present.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plocks</b>. Large wood, or roots and stumps, sawn up into
short lengths, and cleft for firewood (S.). <small>Plock-wood</small> (D.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plough</b>. A waggon and horses, or cart and horses together,
make a plough (D.). See Kennett's <cite>Paroch. Antiq.</cite>&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The team of oxen that drew the plough came to be called the
plough, and in some parts of South Wilts they still call even a waggon
and horses a plough. This is needful for you to know, in case your
man should some day tell you that the <i>plough</i> is gone for <i>coal</i>.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts.
Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xvii. p. 303.</p></blockquote>

<blockquote>

<p>'1690. Paid William Winckworth for Worke downe with his Plough
to the causway.'&mdash;<cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, p. 237.</p>

<p>'1709. Paid for 41 days worke with a ploughe carrying stones to
the Causey.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> p. 239.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) For the various parts of the old wooden plough see as
follows:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I should like to hear a Wiltshire boy who had been three years at
plough or sheep fold, cross-examine one of Her Majesty's Inspectors
of Schools, and ask him, in the article of a plough, to be so good as to
explain the difference between the vore-shoot and back-shoot, the
ground rest, the bread board, the drail, the wing and point, and the
whippence.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xvii. p. 303.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ploughman</b>. A waggoner or carter.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1690. Paid for beere for the plowmen and pitchers.'&mdash;<cite>Records of
Chippenham</cite>, p. 237.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ploughman's-weatherglass</b>. <i>Anagallis arvensis</i>, L., Scarlet
Pimpernel.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plurals</b>. (1) The old termination in <i>en</i> is still much used,
as <i>Housen</i>, <i>Hipsen</i>, &amp;c. See <small>En</small> (1). (2) Plurals in <i>es</i>
are very commonly used, as <i>beastes</i>, <i>ghostes</i>, <i>nestes</i>, <i>postes</i>,
<i>gutses</i>. Very often a reduplication takes place, as <i>beastises</i>,
<i>ghostises</i>, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) Plurals are used sometimes
instead of singulars. Examples:&mdash;'Nows and thens,'
'You'll find un a little ways furder on,' &amp;c.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span></p>
<blockquote>

<p>'These are rather an adverbial use of the genitive, like <i>always</i>, <i>now-a-days</i>,
<i>needs</i>, <i>whiles</i>, etc.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(4) Plant-names are almost invariably used in the plural,
even where only a single blossom is referred to, as 'What
is that flower in your hand, Polly?' 'That's <i>Robins</i>,
ma'am' (or <i>Cuckoos</i>, <i>Poppies</i>, <i>Nightcaps</i>, &amp;c., as the case may
be).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Poach</b>. (1) Of cattle, to trample soft ground into slush
and holes.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Of ground, to become
swampy from much trampling (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xx).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Podge</b>. Anything very thick and sticky. Cf. <small>Stodge</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pog</b>. *(1) To thrust with the foot.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)
*(2) To set beans.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Poison-berry</b>. (1) Fruit of <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;N.W.
(2) Fruit of <i>Tamus communis</i>, L., Black
Bryony.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Poison-root</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L., Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pole-ring</b>. The ring which fastens the scythe-blade to the
snead (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Polly</b>. A pollard tree.&mdash;S.W. A Wiltshire man, on being
told by the hospital surgeon that his arms would have to be
amputated, exclaimed, 'Be I to be shrowded like a owld
polly?'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Polt</b>, <b>Powlt</b>. A blow (B.). A blow with a stick (A.). In
Glouc. apples, walnuts, &amp;c., are beaten down with a
'polting-lug,' or long pole.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ponshard</b>. See <small>Panshard</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pooch out</b>. (1) To project or stick out.&mdash;N.W. (2) To
cause to project.&mdash;N.W. (3) 'To pooch out the lips,'
to pout.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pook</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A small cock of hay, &amp;c. (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To put up in pooks (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pooker</b>. A woman employed in pooking.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pookers'-tea</b>. The yearly treat given to the pookers.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pooking-fork</b>. The large prong, with a cross handle, for
pushing along in front of the pookers, to make up the hay
into pooks.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pop-hole</b>. A rabbit-hole running right through a bank, as
opposed to <small>Blind-hole</small> (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. vi). Any
hole through a hedge, wall, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Popple-stone</b>. A pebble (S.). A.S. <i>papol</i>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Poppy</b>, or <b>Poppies</b>. (1) <i>Digitalis purpurea</i>, L., Foxglove,
so called because children inflate and 'pop' the blossoms.
<i>Papaver</i> is only known as 'Red-weed' by children about
Salisbury.&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>Silene inflata</i>, L., Bladder Campion,
also 'popped' by children.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.) *(3) <i>Stellaria
Holostea</i>, L., Greater Stitchwort (<i>Sarum Diocesan Gazette</i>).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (Lyneham and Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Posy</b>. The garden Peony, from its size.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pot</b>, or <b>Put</b>. (The latter is the usual S. Wilts form.) *(1) A
tub or barrel (D.).&mdash;Obsolete. (2) A two-wheeled cart,
made to tilt up and shoot its load (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. Manure
used formerly to be carried out to the fields in a pair of <i>pots</i>
slung across a horse's back. When wheels came into general
use the term was transferred to the cart used for the same
purpose (D.). See <small>Dung-pot</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pot-dung</b>. Farmyard manure (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pots-and-Kettles</b>. Fruit of <i>Buxus sempervirens</i>, L., Box.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford St. Martin, Deverill, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pot-walloper</b> A 'pot-waller,' or person possessing a house
with a 'pot-wall,' or kitchen fireplace for cooking. All such
persons formerly had votes for the borough of Wootton
Bassett. See <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxiii. p. 172.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Poult</b>. (1) 'A turkey poult,' a young turkey.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) 'A perfect poult,' an awkward girl.&mdash;S.W. (Warminster.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pounceful</b>. Masterful, self-willed. Cf. <small>Bounceful</small>. 'He
preached pouncefully,' i.e. powerfully, forcibly.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Powder-monkey</b>. (1) Damp gunpowder, moulded into a
'devil,' or cake which will smoulder slowly, used by boys
for stupefying a wasp's nest. (2) Ash leaves with an even
number of leaflets, worn by boys on the afternoon of May 29.
See <small>Shitsack Day</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Power</b>. 'A power o' volk,' a number of people. A quantity
of anything.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A's got a power of plaguy long spikes all auver's body.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 118.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Powlts</b>. (1) Peas and beans grown together.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.) (2) See <small>Poult</small> and <small>Polt</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Poyn</b>. To pen sheep (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Prawch</b>. To stalk, to swagger. 'I see un come a prawchin'
along up the coort.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Preterites</b>. A few specimens may be given, as <small>craup</small>, or <small>crope</small>,
crept; <small>drowd</small>, threw; <small>flod</small>, flew; <small>fot</small>, <small>vot</small>, or <small>vaught</small>, fetched;
<small>hod</small>, hid; <small>hut</small>, hit; <small>lod</small>, led; <small>obloge</small>, obliged; <small>raught</small>,
reached; <small>scrope</small>, scraped; <small>slod</small>, slid; <small>woc</small>, awoke; <small>seed</small>,
<small>seen</small>, saw.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pretty-money</b>. Coins, such as old George-and-dragon crowns,
or new Jubilee pieces, given to a child to keep as curiosities,
not to be spent.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pride</b>. (1) The ovary of a sow.&mdash;N.W. *(2) The mud
lamprey (H.).</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<i>Petromyzon branchialis.</i> L., ... in the southern part of England is
locally known as the Pride.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Seeley</span>, <cite>Fresh-water Fishes of Europe</cite>,
p. 427.</p>

<p>'Lumbrici ... are lyke to lampurnes, but they be muche lesse,
and somewhat yeolowe, and are called in Wilshyre prides.'&mdash;<cite>Elyotes
Dictionarie</cite>, 1559, quoted by Hal.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Primrose soldiers</b>. <i>Aquilegia vulgaris</i>, L., Garden Columbine.&mdash;N.W.
(Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Prin</b> it. Take it (A.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Privet</b>, <b>Brivet</b>. 'To privet about,' pry into things. 'To privet
out,' to ferret out anything. See <small>Brevet</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pronged</b>. A scythe-blade with a small flaw in the edge which
may develop into a serious crack is said to be 'pronged.'&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pronouns</b>. <small>I</small>, <small>he</small>, and <small>she</small> do duty as accusatives, as 'He towld
I, but I bean't a-goin' to do nothen for he.' <small>Her</small> and <small>us</small>
are nominatives, as 'Her be a girt vule, that her be'; 'Us
be at coal-cart s'marnin.' <small>Thee</small> is used for both thou and thy,
as 'What's thee name?' 'What's thee'se want to knaw vor?'
'Never thee mind.' <small>Hyn</small>, or more commonly <small>un</small>,=him, or it,
as 'I seed un a-doing on't'; 'poor zowl on hyn!' This is
the old <i>hime</i>, the accusative of <i>he</i>. <small>A</small>=he, as 'How a hackers
an bivers!' <small>Thac</small>, <small>Thuck</small>, or <small>Thuck there</small>=that. <small>Themmin</small>=those.
<small>Thic</small>, <small>Thissum</small>, <small>Thease</small>, <small>Thic here</small>, &amp;c.=this.
<small>Theesum</small>, or <small>Theesum here</small>=these. Occasionally <small>Theesen</small>
in S. Wilts. <small>Thick</small> and <small>Thuck</small> require some explanation.
<small>Thuck</small> always=<i>that</i>, but is mainly a N. Wilts form, its
place in S. Wilts being usually taken by <small>Thick</small>. <small>Thic</small> or
<small>Thick</small> often=<i>this</i> in N. Wilts, but far more frequently=<i>that</i>,&mdash;in
fact, the latter may probably now be taken as its normal
meaning, although it would appear to have been otherwise
formerly. In <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite>, for instance, it is stated that
'The old terms <i>thic</i> and <i>thoc</i> almost constantly exclude the
expressions This and That,' and similar statements are found
in other authorities. In <small>Thick here</small> and <small>Thick there</small> the
use of the adverb defines the meaning more precisely. As
regards the neighbouring counties, it may be said that in
Som. and Dors. <small>thick</small>=<i>that</i>; while in N. Hants it never
does so (see Cope's <cite>Glossary</cite>), always there meaning <i>this</i>. It
should be noted that the <i>th</i> is usually sounded <i>dth</i>, much as
in Anglo-Saxon. <small>His'n</small>=his; <small>Hern</small>, or occasionally <small>Shis'n</small>,=hers;
<small>Ourn</small>=ours; <small>Theirn</small>=theirs; <small>Yourn</small>=yours;
<small>Whosen</small>=whose, as 'Whosen's hat's thuck thur?' <small>Mun</small>=them,
is occasionally, but not often, used. <small>Arra</small>, <small>Arra one</small>,
<small>Arn</small>, &amp;c.=any. Negatives, <small>Narra</small>, <small>Narra one</small>, <small>Narn</small>, &amp;c.
'Hev 'ee got arra pipe, Bill?' 'No, I han't got narn.' In
the Pewsey Yale <small>Ma</small> is occasionally used for <small>I</small>, in such
phrases as 'I'll go we 'ee, shall ma?' or 'I don't stand so
high as he, do ma?' About Malmesbury (and elsewhere in
N. Wilts) the following forms may be noted:&mdash;<small>Wither</small>,
other; <small>Theasamy</small>, these; <small>Themmy</small>, those; <small>Totherm</small> or
<small>Tothermy</small>, the other.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Proof</b>. <i>n.</i> Of manure, hay, &amp;c., the strength or goodness.
'The rain hev waished aal the proof out o' my hay.' 'That
there muckle bain't done yet; the proof yun't gone out on't.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. A thriving tree is said to be in 'good proof.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Proofey</b>. Stimulating, fattening.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The Monkton pastures used to be of good note in Smithfield, from
the very feel of the beasts. There are no more "proofey" fatting
grounds in Wilts.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. vi. p. 29.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Proof maggot</b>. The larva of the gadfly, which causes warbles
in cattle.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Proper</b>. 'Her's a proper beauty,' is extremely handsome.
'He's a proper fool,' an utter idiot.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Proud</b>. When wheat is too rank and forward in winter, it is
said to be 'winter-proud' (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pucker</b>. Perplexity, dilemma (S.) 'I be in a main pucker
'bout what to do wi' they taters.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pucksey</b> (1) A quagmire. 'The roads wer aal in a pucksey,'
i.e. very muddy. 'Out of the mucksey (=mixen) into the
pucksey,' from bad to worse.&mdash;S.W. (2) Hence, a mess
or muddle. 'What a pucksey the house be in!' i.e. a dirty
untidy state.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pud</b>. The hand; a nursery word.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pud-beggar</b>, <b>Pudbaiger</b>. The Water Spider (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A very interesting word. M.E. <i>padde</i>, a toad, <i>paddock</i>, Dev. and East
Anglia. M.E. <i>pode</i>, tadpole, Icelandic <i>padda</i>, used of any beetles or
insects that inhabit stagnant water.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Puddle</b> or <b>Piddle about</b>. To potter about, doing little jobs
of no great utility.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pue</b>. The udder of a cow or sheep (A.). Fr. <i>pis</i>, Lat.
<i>pectus</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pug</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The pulp of apples which have been pressed for
cider.&mdash;N.W. *(2) <i>v.</i> To eat (H.Wr.). *(3) To ear,
plough, till (Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pummy</b>. <i>n.</i> A soft mass. 'To beat all to a pummy'; from
<i>pomace</i>, the apple-pulp in cider-making.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Purdle</b>. To turn head over heels in a fall.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pure</b>. In good health. 'Quite purely,' quite well (A.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Purler</b>. A knock-down blow, a heavy fall.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'One of them beggars had come up behind, and swung his gun
round, and fetched him a purler on the back of his head.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper
at Home</cite>, ch. ix.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Purley</b>. Weak-sighted (A.H.Wr.). <small>Pearl blind</small> is sometimes
similarly used.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pussy-cats</b>, <b>Pussies</b>, and <b>Pussies'-tails</b>. Catkins of willow
and hazel, more commonly of willow only (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pussyvan</b>. See <small>Puzzivent</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pussy-willow</b>. <i>Salix.</i>&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Put</b>. See <small>Pot</small> (S.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Put about</b>. To vex, to worry. 'Now dwoan't 'ee go an' put
yourself about wi't.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Puzzivent</b>. A flurry or taking. 'He put I in such a puzzivent.'
Formerly used in both N. and S. Wilts, but now
almost obsolete. Fr. <i>poursuivant</i>. According to a note in
<cite>The Astonishing History of Troy Town</cite>, by 'Q,' ch. xvii, the
phrase originated from the contempt with which the West-country
sea-captains treated the poursuivants sent down by
Edward IV to threaten his displeasure. Hence <i>pussivanting</i>,
ineffective bustle, Dev. and Corn.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. <small>Pussyvan</small>
(S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Puzzle-pound</b>. The game of <small>Madell</small>, q.v.&mdash;S.W. (Longbridge
Deverill, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pwine-end</b>. The whole gable-end of a house, which runs up
to a sharp point or <i>pwine</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Quakers</b>. <i>Briza media</i>, L., Quaking-grass.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quamp</b>. Still, quiet (A.B.G.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quamped</b>, <b>Quomped</b>. Subdued, disappointed. See <small>Quamp</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quanked</b>. Overpowered by fatigue (A.). Compare <small>Cank</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quar</b>, <b>Quarr</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A stone-quarry (A.B.G.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To work as a quarryman (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quar-Martin</b>. <i>Hirundo riparia</i>, Sand-Martin, from its breeding
in holes drilled in the face of sandy quarries (<cite>Wild Life</cite>,
ch. ix).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quat</b>, <b>Qwot</b>, or <b>Qwatty</b>. (1) To crouch down (sometimes,
but not always, remaining quite still), as a scared partridge
(<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iii). To squat (A.); to sit (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) To flatten, to squash flat.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quavin-gog</b> or <b>Quaving-gog</b>.A quagmire (A.B.H.Wr.).
See <small>Gog</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the valley below the hill on which Swindon is built, are some
quagmires, called by the inhabitants quaving-gogs, which are considered
of great depth, and are consequently shunned as places of
danger.'&mdash;<cite>Beauties of Wilts</cite>, vol. iii. p. 8.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quean</b>.A woman.&mdash;N.W. (Castle Eaton.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The Saxon word <i>quean</i>, woman, is still used without any objectionable
meaning, but its use is rare.'&mdash;<cite>Leisure Hour</cite>, Aug. 1893.</p>

<p>'When a man says of his wife that "th' old quean" did so and so,
he means no disrespect to her, any more than if he were speaking of
his child as "the little wench."'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Miss E. Boyer-Brown.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Queed</b>, <b>Quid</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The cud. 'To chamme the queed'
is given as a Wiltshire phrase in <cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033 (H.).&mdash;N.W.
*(2) Quid. <i>v.</i> To suck (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Queen's-cushion</b>. A seat for a little girl, made by two persons
crossing hands, and so carrying her between them. When
a boy is so carried the term used is <small>King's-cushion</small>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quest</b>, <b>Quist</b>. The Woodpigeon, <i>Columba palumbus</i> (A.B.);
<small>Quisty</small>. 'Thee bist a queer quist,' i.e. a strange sort of
fellow.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The Wiltshire labourers invariably call it ... the "Quisty."'&mdash;<cite>Birds
of Wilts</cite>, p. 318.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Quid</b>. See <small>Queed</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quiddle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A fussy person; one hard to satisfy in
trifling matters of diet, &amp;c.&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> To make a fuss
over trifles (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quiet Neighbours</b>. <i>Centranthus ruber</i>, DC., Red Spur Valerian.&mdash;S.W.
(Longbridge Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quiff</b>. A knack, a trick. 'Ther's a quiff about thuck old gate-latch.'&mdash;N.W.
Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Mr. F. J. Kennedy, secretary of the Belfast Angling Association
... "worked a quiff," to use a slang phrase, on a well-known Lagan
poacher.'&mdash;<cite>Fishing Gazette</cite>, Aug. 20, 1892, p. 154.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quile</b>. A heap of hay ready for carrying. Fr. <i>cueiller</i>.&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quill</b>. The humour, mood, or vein for anything. 'I can work
as well as or a man, when I be in the quill for 't.' To 'Quill
a person' in the language in use at Winchester College is to
please, or humour him. This is very near the Wilts use.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quilt</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To swallow (A.B.C.G.). 'The baby wur that
bad, it couldn't quilt nothen.' This is used of swallowing
in the natural way, while <i>glutch</i> is to swallow with difficulty
(C.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A gulp, a mouthful of liquid. 'Have
a quilt on't?' have a drop of it.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quinnet</b>. <i>n.</i> (1) A wedge, as the iron wedge fastening the
ring of the scythe nibs in place, or the wooden wedge or
cleat which secures the head of an axe or hammer.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) (2) See <small>Scythe</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quirk</b>. To complain (A.B.G.); spelt Quisk by Akerman in
error. To grunt (S.); to croak. A frog often quirks, and
a toad sometimes.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quiset about</b>. To pry about (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 112).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quisk</b>. See <small>Quirk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quist</b>, <b>Quisty</b>. See <small>Quest</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quob</b>. (1) A soft wet place, a piece of marsh or bog.&mdash;N.W.
Cp. W. of Eng. <i>quob</i>, a bog; <i>quob-mire</i>, Salop. (2) Hence
'all in a quob,' said of a bad bruise.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quomped</b>. See <small>Quamped</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quop</b>. To throb (A.B.G.).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>R</b>. (1) In pronunciation <i>r</i> often has <i>d</i> or <i>t</i> affixed or prefixed,
as <small>Cavaltry</small>, horsemen; <small>Crockerty</small>, crockery; <small>Millard</small>, miller,
&amp;c. (2) See <small>Har</small>. (3) Transpositions frequently occur,
as <i>cruds</i>, curds; <i>cruddle</i>, to curdle; <i>girn</i>, to grin; <i>girt</i>, great;
<i>gird'l</i>, a great deal; <i>hirn</i>, to run.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rabbit-flower</b>. <i>Dielytra spectabilis</i>, DC., the flowers of which,
when pulled apart, form two little pink rabbits.&mdash;S.W.,
occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rabbits</b>. Blossoms of Snapdragon when pinched off the
stem.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Race</b>. The heart, liver and lungs of a calf (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rack</b>. (1) A rude narrow path, like the track of a small
animal (A.S.). See Gen. Pitt-Rivers' <cite>Excavations in
Cranborne Chase</cite>, vol. i. ch. i. On Exmoor the wild deer
always cross a wall or hedge at the same spot. The gap thus
formed is called a 'rack.' See <cite>Red Deer</cite>, ch. iv. Also in
W. Somerset.&mdash;S.W. (2) Apparently also sometimes
used in the sense of a boundary.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Radical</b>. 'A young radical,' a regular young Turk, a troublesome
young rascal. Also used in Somerset.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rafter</b>. To plough so as to leave a narrow strip of ground
undisturbed, turning up a furrow on to it on each side,
thus producing a succession of narrow ridges (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
ch. vii). See <small>Balk-ploughing</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rafty</b>, <b>Rasty</b>, <b>Rusty</b>. Of bacon, rancid (A.B.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rag-mag</b>. A ragged beggar, or woman all in tatters.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rail</b>. To crawl or creep about, to walk slowly (<cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 112). 'I be that weak I can't hardly
rail about.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Raims</b>, <b>Reams</b>. A mere bag of bones, a very thin person.
'He do look as thin as a raims.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Raimy</b>. Very thin.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ramp</b>. A curve (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ramping</b>. Tall, as 'a rampin' gel.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Randin</b>. Riotous living.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Randy</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A noisy merry-making (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(Malmesbury, etc.) (2) <i>n.</i> 'On the randy,' living in
a riotous or immoral manner.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>adj.</i> A
woman who used to be a regular attendant at all the tea-meetings
and other gatherings of the kind in her neighbourhood
in N. Wilts was usually spoken of as being 'a randy
sort o' a 'ooman'&mdash;<i>randy</i> apparently being there applied to
such gatherings.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Range</b>. Two drifts or rows of felled underwood (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rangle</b>. To twine round anything as a climbing plant does.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rank</b>, <b>Ronk</b>. (1) Audacious. 'Hands off! Thee bist a bit
too ronk!'&mdash;N.W. (2) Outrageous, as applied to a fraud
or a lie.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rannel</b>. <i>adj.</i> Ravenously hungry.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A man comes in rannel vor 's food, and plaguey little dacent vittles
can a get.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. ii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Rant</b>. (1) v. To tear.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'She "ranted" the bosom of her print dress.'&mdash;<cite>Field Play.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> A tear or rent.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rantipole</b>. <i>Daucus Carota</i>, L., Wild Carrot (<cite>English Plant
Names</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rap</b>, <b>Wrap</b>. A thin strip of wood.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rapid</b>. 'A rapid pain,' 'rapid weather,' i.e. very violent.
Always so used at Clyffe Pypard. So in W. Somerset.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This is a Latin use: cf. Virgil's <i>rapidus aestus</i> (Bucol. ii. 10) and
<i>rapidus sol</i> (<cite>Georg.</cite> ii. 321)=strong, violent.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Rare</b>. Underdone, but not raw. Reer (A.). Pronounced <i>Raa</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rash</b>. To burn in cooking (H.Wr.). Sometimes used of
malt.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rasty</b>. See <small>Rafty</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rathe-ripes</b>. (1) An early kind of pea (B.). (2) An early
kind of apple.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rattle-basket</b>. (1) <i>Rhinanthus Crista-galli</i>, L., Yellow
Rattle.&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.) *(2) <i>Erica cinerea?</i> Heath. Heard
only from one person.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rattle-thrush</b>. <i>Turdus viscivorus</i>, the Missel-thrush,
occasionally extended to any very large Song-thrush.
<small>Rassel-thrush</small> at Huish.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Salisbury, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rattle-weed</b>. <i>Silene inflata</i>, L., Bladder Campion.&mdash;N.W.
(Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rave</b>. The ring of twisted hazel by which hurdles are fastened
to their stakes or shores.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Raves</b>, <b>Reaves</b>. The waggon-rails (D.S.). At Clyffe Pypard
applied to the flat woodwork projecting over the wheels
from the side of the forward part of a waggon.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rawmouse, Raamouse</b>. The reremouse or bat; used at
Tormarton, Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c. <small>Bat-mouse</small> is, however, in
more general use. <small>Ryemouse</small> (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rawney</b>, <b>Rowney</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Thin, poor, and uneven, as
applied to badly manufactured cloth (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>adj.</i> Of persons, extremely thin.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.),
occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ray</b>, or <b>Array</b>. <i>v.</i> To dress and clean corn (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ray-sieve</b>. <i>n.</i> A sieve used to get the dust out of horses'
chaff. <small>Rayen-sieve</small> on Dorset bord.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reams</b>. See <small>Raims</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reap-hook</b>. The 'rip-hook' is a short-handled hook without
teeth, the blade bent beyond the square of the handle; used
to cut to the hand a handful at a time (D.). The old
reaping-sickle was toothed or serrated. See <small>Hal</small>. <i>s.v.</i> <small>Hook</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Red Bobby's eye</b>. <i>Geranium Robertianum</i>, L., Herb-Robert.&mdash;S.W.
(Redlynch.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Red Fiery Bang-tail</b>. See <small>Bang-tail</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Red Robin Hood</b>. <i>Lychnis diurna</i>, Sibth., Red Campion.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Red-Robins</b>. <i>Lychnis diurna</i>, Sibth., Red Campion.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Red-weed</b>. Red Poppy (D.). The only name for <i>Papaver
Rhoeas</i>, &amp;c., used about Salisbury and Warminster, <i>Digitalis</i>
being the 'Poppy' of those parts. One of our oldest plant-names.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reed</b>. Unthreshed and unbroken straw reserved for thatching
(S.). A Somerset and Devon word. 'Reed' is seldom
used in Wilts, where ordinary threshed straw, made up into
'elms,' is the common material.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reer</b>. See <small>Rare</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reeve</b>. To draw into wrinkles.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury, Clyffe
Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Remlet</b>. A remnant.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Reneeg</b>, <b>Renegue</b> (<i>g</i> always hard). To back out of an engagement,
to jilt.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) In Ireland a horse
refusing a fence would be said to <i>renage</i>. See Whyte-Melville's
<cite>Satanella</cite>, ch. i. p. 7: <cite>Lear</cite>, ii. 2, &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Revel</b>. A pleasure fair; a parochial festival, a wake (A.B.), as
'Road Revel.' A village Club Feast (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
There was a revel held at Cley Hill formerly, on Palm
Sunday, and one at Kington Langley on the Sunday following
St. Peter's Day.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rhaa</b>. Hungry, ravenous. See <small>Rhan</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard,
rarely.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rhan</b> (pronounced <i>Rhaan</i>). To eat voraciously (S.). A form
of <i>raven</i>. Cf. West of Eng. <i>ranish</i>, ravenous.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rhine</b> (pronounced <i>Reen</i>). A water-course. This is a Som.
word.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.) Mr. Powell mentions a Wiltshire
poem, which begins:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'There once were a frog that lived in a ditch,
Or 'twere may be a rheen, it don't matter which.'</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Rick-barken</b>. A rick-yard (A.). See Barken.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rick-stick</b>. In thatching, after the 'elms' are fastened down
with 'spicks' or 'spars' the thatch is then lightly combed
over with the 'rick-stick,' a rod with a few teeth at one end
and an iron point at the other by which it can be stuck into
the thatch when not in actual use.&mdash;S.W. (Warminster.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Riddle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A coarse sieve (A.B.). Cp. A.S. <i>hridder</i>.
See Rudder.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) v. To sift. 'Hev 'ee
riddled they ashes well s'marnin'?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ridge-tie</b>. A back chain for shafts. <small>Wridgsty</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Riffle</b>. A knife-board on which 'callus-stone' is used (<cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 113).&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rig</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A horse which has not been 'clean cut,' i.e. is
only half gelded, owing to one of its stones never having
come down.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To climb up upon (S.), or
bestride anything, either in sport or wantonness. 'To rig
about' is commonly used in S. Wilts of children clambering
about on wood-piles, walls, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rigget</b>. A woodlouse.&mdash;S.W. (Heytesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ring</b>. 'To ring bees,' to make a noise with poker and shovel
when they swarm.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rinnick</b>. The smallest and worst pig of a litter. Sometimes
abbreviated into <small>Nurk</small>. Cf. North of England <i>Rannack</i>,
a worthless fellow.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Robin's eyes</b>. <i>Geranium Robertianum</i>, L., Herb Robert.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rock</b>. The 'fur' or calcareous deposit inside a kettle.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rocket</b>. 'Don your rocket,' put on your bonnet.&mdash;S.W.
(Downton.) No doubt originally this meant a woman's
dress or cloak (<i>rochet</i>), as in M.E., but it has long been
transferred to the bonnet. In Devon <i>rochet</i> is still sometimes
applied to female dress.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Roke</b>. Smoke.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rollers</b> (<i>o</i> short). (1) <i>n.</i> The long lines into which hay is
raked before pooking.&mdash;S.W. (Warminster, &amp;c.) (2) <i>v.</i>
Rolly. To put grass into rollers (<cite>Cycl. of Agric.</cite>).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rommelin</b>. Rank, overgrown (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ronk</b>. See <small>Rank</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rook Hawk</b>. <i>Falco subbuteo</i>, the Hobby (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 72).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ropey</b>. <i>adj.</i> (1) 'Rawpey bread,' a term applied to that
peculiar condition of home-made bread, known only in dry
summer weather, and caused by a kind of second fermentation,
when the inside of the loaf appears full of minute
threads, and has a disagreeable taste.&mdash;N.W. (2) Also
applied to thick drink (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rough</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Unwell, as 'He bin terr'ble rough this
fortnight.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'There, she was took rough as it might be uv a Monday, and afore
Tuesday sundown she was gone, a-sufferin' awful.'&mdash;<cite>The Story of Dick</cite>,
ch. viii. p. 85.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) 'To sleep rough,' or 'lay rough,' to sleep about out of
doors like a vagabond.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To treat
roughly, to ill-use. 'Thuck there hoss 'll kick 'ee, if so be
as you do rough un.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rough Band</b>. A housset. See <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. i.
p. 88.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rough-carpenter</b>. The same as <small>Hedge-carpenter</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rough Music</b>. The same as <i>Housset</i> and <i>Skimmenton</i>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Round-tail</b>. <i>v.</i> To clip the dirty locks of wool off the tail
and legs of sheep, previously to shearing. Very commonly
used in many parts of the county.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Round-tailings</b>. The locks so clipt, which are washed and
dried, and usually sold at half-price.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rouse</b>. 'To catch and rouse,' see <small>Catch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rowet-grass</b>. The long rough grass in hedges, &amp;c., which
cattle refuse; rowan or coarse aftergrass.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rowetty</b>. Of grass, coarse and rough.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Tangled dead ferns and rowetty stuff.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. ii.</p>

<p>'That "rowetty" grass seen in the damp furrows of the meadows.'&mdash;<cite>Wild
Life</cite>, ch. ii.</p>

<p>'Our low meadowes is ... rowtie, foggie, and full of flags.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Harrison's</span>
<cite>Description of Britain</cite>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Rowey</b>. Rough (C.). See <small>Rowetty</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rowless-thing</b>. In the <cite>Diary</cite> of the Parliamentary Committee
at Falstone House, S. Wilts, 1646-7, this curious phrase frequently
occurs, apparently meaning waste and unprofitable
land. It is once applied to a living. Several forms of it are
used, as <i>Rowlass-thing</i>, <i>Rowlist-thing</i>, and <i>Rowless-thing</i>. See
<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite>, Nov. 1892, pp. 343-391. We have been
unable to trace the word elsewhere, so that it may possibly
be of local origin.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'George Hascall is become tenant for a Rowlass thing called Dawes-Frowd,
land of Lord Arundell and estated out to Mrs. Morley a recusant
... John Selwood and Richard Hickes tenants unto Sir Giles
Mompesson for his farm at Deptford and his Rowless-thing called
Hurdles at Wiley.'&mdash;<cite>Diary</cite>, &amp;c.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Sir Fras. Dowse, of Wallop, is said to have been possessed
of 'another <i>thing</i> called the Broyl [<i>Bruellii</i> = woods] of
Collingbourne.' See 'Wiltshire Compounders,' <cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> vol. xxiv. p. 58. In the New Forest a 'rough' is a kind
of enclosure.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Philips promised to feed the horse in a "rough" or enclosure ...
which was well fenced in, but the bank foundered and the animal got
out.'&mdash;<cite>Salisbury Journal</cite>, Aug. 5, 1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Rowney</b>. See <small>Rawney</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rubble</b>. (1) In Wilts usually applied to the hard chalk
used in making roadways through fields (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. ii),&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Rubbish (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rubbly</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of soil, loose from being full of broken bits of
chalk (<cite>Agric. Survey</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rucksey</b>. Muddy, dirty, untidy, as applied to road, weather,
or house.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rudder</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A sieve. A.S. <i>hridder</i>. See Riddle.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To sift.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rudderish</b>. Passionate, hasty (A.B.G.).&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rudge</b>. <i>n.</i> The space between two furrows in a ploughed field.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rumple</b>, <i>v.</i> To seduce. The full force of the word can only
be given by <i>futuere</i>, as:&mdash;'He bin rumplin' that wench o'
Bill's again laas' night.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rumpled-skein</b>. Anything in confusion; a disagreement
(A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rumpum-Scrumpum</b>. <i>n.</i> A rude kind of musical instrument,
made of a piece of board, with an old tin tied across it as
a bridge, over which the strings are strained. It is played
like a banjo, or sometimes with a sort of fiddle-bow.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rusty</b>. See <small>Rafty</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ryemouse</b>. The bat (A.B.). A form of Reremouse.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Saat</b>. 'Saat bread,' soft, sweet puddingy bread, which pulls
apart in ropes or strings, made from 'grown-out' wheat.
Cp. Halliwell (<small>s.v.</small> <i>Sad</i>): 'Sad bread, <i>panis gravis</i>, Coles.'
See <small>Zaad-paul</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sails</b>. The upright rods of a hurdle (D.). <small>Hurdle-zailin'</small>,
<i>sing</i>. (Clyffe Pypard).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sally-withy</b>. A willow (A.H.Wr.). A curious reduplication,
both parts of the word having the same meaning in Anglo-Saxon.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sar</b>. (1) To serve (S.) or feed (<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 112). 'Sar the
pegs, wull 'ee,' i.e. 'Give them their wash.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) ''Twon't sar a minute to do't,' will not take a minute.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Saturday's Pepper</b>. <i>Euphorbia Helioscopia</i>, L., Sun-spurge
(<cite>English Plant Names</cite>). <small>Saturday-night's-pepper</small> (<cite>Village
Miners</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sauf</b>. As if (S.). 'Looks sauf 'twur gwain to rain.'&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scallot</b>. Quarrymen's term for one of the upper beds of the
Portland series&mdash;a fine white stone (Britton's <cite>Beauties of
Wilts</cite>, vol. iii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scambling</b>. 'A scambling meal,' one taken in a rough and
hurried way.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the <cite>Percy Household Book</cite>, 1511, "Scamlynge days" is of constant
occurrence for <i>jours maigres</i>.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Scat</b>. <i>v.</i> To whip, beat, smack, slap.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scaut</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To strain with the foot in supporting or
pushing (A.); as at foot-ball, or in drawing a heavy load
uphill; to stretch the legs out violently. <small>Scote</small> in S. Wilts.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Stick your heels in the ground, arch your spine, and drag with
all your might at a rope, and then you would be said to "scaut."
Horses going uphill, or straining to draw a heavily laden waggon
through a mud hole "scaut" and tug.'&mdash;<cite>Village Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> The pole attached to the axle, and let down behind
the wheel, to prevent the waggon from running back while
ascending a hill (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>School-bell</b>. <i>Campanula rotundifolia</i>, L., Harebell.&mdash;N.W.
(Enford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scoop</b>. (1) A shovel (D.).&mdash;N.W. (2) Allowance or
start in a race, &amp;c. 'How much scoop be you a going to
gie I?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Baverstock, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Alwaies dyd shroud and cut theyre fuel for that purpose along all
the Raage on Brayden's syde alwaies taking as much Skoop from the
hedge as a man could through [throw] a hatchet.'&mdash;<cite>Perambulation of the
Great Park of Fasterne near Wootton Bassett</cite>, 1602.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">The original document is in the Devizes Museum.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scotch</b>. A chink, a narrow opening. The spaces between the
boards in a floor are <i>scotches</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, Huish,
&amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scote</b>. See <small>Scaut</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Scottle</b>. To cut badly or raggedly (H.Wr.). 'Her did scottle
the stuff so, that my new gownd's 'tirely spwiled.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scraamb</b>. 'To scraamb a thing down' is to reach up to it
and pull it down violently (S.), in the manner thus described
by Jefferies:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Suppose a bunch of ripe nuts high up and almost out of reach; by
dint of pressing into the bushes, pulling at the bough, and straining
on tiptoe, you may succeed in "scraambing" it down. "Scraambing,"
or "scraambed," with a long accent on the aa, indicates the action of
stretching and pulling downwards. Though somewhat similar in sound,
it has no affinity with scramble: people scramble for things which
have been thrown on the ground.'&mdash;<cite>Village Miners.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">It would not be used of such an action as scrambling
about on rocks.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Scram</b>, <b>Skram</b>. Awkward, stiff as if benumbed.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scran</b>. *(1) A bag (A.H.Wr.) in which food is carried.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) Victuals (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scratch Cradle</b>. Cat's-cradle (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Screech</b>. (1) The Missel Thrush, <i>Turdus viscivorus</i> (A.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>Cypselus apus</i>, the Swift (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>, p. 309).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Screechetty</b>. <i>adj.</i> Creaky (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Screech Thrush</b>. The Missel Thrush, <i>Turdus viscivorus</i> (<cite>Birds
of Wilts</cite>, p. 129).&mdash;S.W. (Sutton Benger.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Scricele</b>. To creak or squeak. See <small>Scruple</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Wroughton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scriggle</b>. To take the last apples. See <small>Griggles</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scroff</b>, <b>Scruff</b>. Fragments of chips (S.). The refuse of
a wood-shed; ashes and rubbish for burning.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrouge</b>. To squeeze, press, or crowd any one (A.B.). 'Now
dwoan't 'ee come a scrougin' on I zo!'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrow</b>. (1) Angry, surly (A.H.).&mdash;N.W. *(2) Sorry,
vexed.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W., occasionally.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Lawk, zur, but I be main scrow to be ael in zich a caddle.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Tales</cite>, p. 137.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrump</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A very dried up bit of anything (S.), as
toast or roast meat 'done all to a scrump' (<cite>Cottage Ideas</cite>).&mdash;N.
&amp;. S.W. (2) Hence, sometimes applied to a shrivelled-up
old man.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>v.</i> 'Don't scrump up your
mouth like that!' i.e. squeeze it up in making a face.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (4) <i>v.</i> To crunch. A sibilated form of
Crump.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrumpshing</b>. Rough play: used by boys (<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. ix).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrupet</b>. To creak or grate, as the ungreased wheel of
a barrow (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Also Scroop, Scripet, Scrupetty,
Scroopedee (S.), &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scruple</b>. To squeak or creak. 'When the leather gets old-like,
he sort o' dries up, an' then he do scruple&mdash;he do
scricele, Sir!' i.e. the saddle squeaks. Cf. <small>Scroop</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Wroughton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scuff about</b> or <b>along</b>. To drag one's feet awkwardly, as in
too large slippers; to 'scuff up' the dust, as children do for
amusement, by dragging a foot along the road.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scuffle</b>. An oven-swab.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scythe</b>. The various parts of the scythe are as follows in
N. Wilts:&mdash;<small>Snead</small>, or <small>Snaith</small>, the pole; <small>Nibs</small>, the two
handles; <small>Pole-ring</small>, the ring which secures the blade;
Quinnets (1) the wedges which hold the rings of the nibs
tight, *(2) the rings themselves (A.); <small>Crew</small>, the tang of the
blade, secured by the pole-ring to the snead.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Seed-lip</b>. The box in which the sower carries his seed (D.)
(<cite>Village Miners</cite>). A.S. <i>léap</i>, basket, Icel. <i>laupr</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
Misprinted <i>Seed-tip</i> in Davis.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Seer!</b> or <b>Sire!</b> 'I say, look here!' a very usual mode of
opening a conversation when the parties are some distance
apart.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Seg</b>, <b>Sig</b>. Urine.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Seg-cart</b>. The tub on wheels in which urine is collected
from house to house for the use of the cloth mills.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sewent</b>, <b>Shewent</b>, <b>Suant</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Even, regular (A.B.C.S.),
working smoothly. Formerly used all over the county, but
now growing obsolete, although it is not infrequently heard
still in S. Wilts. O.Fr. <i>suant</i>, pr. part. of <i>suivre</i>, to follow.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A Piece of Cloth is said to be&mdash;shewent&mdash;when it is evenly wove
and not Rowey&mdash;it is also applied in other cases to denote a thing Level
and even.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(2) Demure (C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'To Look Shewent, is to Look demure.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shab off</b>. To go off (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shackle</b>. (1) A hurdle wreath or tie (S.): a twisted band of
straw, hay, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) 'All in a shackle,' loose,
disjointed (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Devizes, Huish, Salisbury, Clyffe
Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shaft-tide</b>, or <b>Shrift</b>. Shrovetide.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shaggle</b>. Of a bough, &amp;c., to shake.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shakers</b>. <i>Briza media</i>, L., Quaking-grass.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shally-gallee</b>. Poor, flimsy (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv). Compare
<i>Spurgally</i>, wretched, poor, Dors.; and <i>Shally-wally</i>, a term of
contempt in N. of England.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shame-faced Maiden</b>. <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>, L., Wood Anemone
(<cite>Sarum Dioc. Gazette</cite>).&mdash;S.W. (Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shammock</b>. To shamble or shuffle along hastily.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shandy</b>. A row about nothing (S.). Probably a form of
<i>Shindy</i>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shape</b> (pronounced <i>shap</i>). To manage, arrange, attempt, try.
'I'll shap to do 't,' try to do it. Compare the similar use of
<i>frame</i> in some counties.&mdash;N.W. (Devizes.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shard</b>, <b>Shord</b>, <b>Sheard</b>. (1) A gap in a hedge (A.B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I went drough a sheard in th' hedge, instead o' goin' drough th'
geat.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 167.</p>

<p>'1636. Itm. to Robert Eastmeade for mendinge a shard in Englands
ijd.'&mdash;<cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, p. 207.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) A narrow passage between walls or houses; usually
Shord.&mdash;S.W. (3) 'To put in a shard, or shord,' to bay
back or turn the water in a meadow trench by a rough
dam, such as a piece of wood or a few sods of turf.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="ind2">(4) 'A cow-shard,' a cow-clat.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shares</b>. The cross-bars of a harrow (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sharpish</b>. Considerable. 'I be eighty-vive to-year, an' 'tis
a sharpish age.'&mdash;N.W. (Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sharps</b>. The shafts of a cart (A.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shaul</b>. v. To shell nuts. Compare <i>Shalus</i>, husks (<cite>Chron. Vilod.</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sheening</b>. Thrashing by machinery (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sheep</b>. See <cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, p. 260; also quotation below.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the article of sheep what strange nomenclature! Besides the
intelligible names of ram, ewe, and lamb, we have wether hogs, and
chilver hogs, and shear hogs, ram tegs, and theaves, and two-tooths,
and four-tooths, and six-tooths. So strange is the confusion that the
word hog is now applied to any animal of a year old, such as a hog
bull, a chilver hog sheep. "Chilver" is a good Anglo-Saxon word,
"cylfer" [this should be "cilfer"] ... a chilver hog sheep simply
means, in the dialect of the Vale of Warminster, a female lamb a year
old.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xvii. p. 303.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sheep-bed</b> (<i>Ship-bed</i>). When a labourer had drunk too much,
he would 'take a ship-bed,' i.e. lie down like a sheep to sleep
in a grass-field, till he was sober.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sheep's-cage</b>. The same as <small>Lamb's-cage</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sheep-sleight</b>. See Sleight (D.). Common in Wilts (Jackson's
<cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 10).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sheer</b>. Sharp, cutting. 'Uncommon sheer air s'marnin',
yunnit?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shekel</b>. (1) The old reaping sickle, now quite superseded
by the vagging-hook. The first <i>e</i> is long. An old labourer,
on being asked how he used to sharpen his ancient reaping-sickle,
said, 'I did allus use to car' a grab [crab-apple] wi' me,
an' draa my shekel droo un,' the acid biting like aquafortis
into the curiously serrated edge of the steel, and renewing it
without injury. Farm-lads still sharpen their knives thus.
See <cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. v; also <cite>Summer in Somerset</cite>.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete. (2) The fork in which 'elms' are carried up
to the thatcher.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shepherds'-crowns</b>. Fossil <i>Echini</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shepherds'-pedler</b>. <i>Capsella Bursa-pastoris</i>, L., Shepherds'
purse.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shepherds'-Thyme</b>. <i>Polygala calcarea</i>, Sch., Chalk Milkwort.&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury, Bishopstone, Little Langford, &amp;c.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shepherds'-weatherglass</b>. <i>Anagallis arvensis</i>, L., Scarlet
Pimpernel.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shewent</b>. See <small>Sewent</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shick-shack</b>. See <small>Shitsack</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shim</b>. It seems. 'He's a fine fellow, shim' (A.B.C.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'This word is rather of Glocestershire, but it is nevertheless in use
on the North Border of Wilts.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shimmy</b>. <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed. Reported
to us as 'Chemise.'&mdash;S.W. (Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shirp</b>, or <b>Shrip</b>. (1) 'To shirp off,' to shred or cut off a little
of anything.&mdash;S.W. (2) 'To shrip up,' to shroud up the
lower boughs of roadside trees, to cut off the side twigs of
a hedge or bush.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shirt-buttons</b>. Flowers of <i>Stellaria Holostea</i>, Greater Stitchwort.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shitabed</b>. <i>Leontodon Taraxacum</i>, L., Dandelion (H.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shitsack</b>, or <b>Shitzack</b>. An oak-apple (H.Wr.). Oak-apple
and leaf (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shitsack, or Shick-shack Day</b>. King Charles' day, May 29.
The children carry <small>Shitsack</small>, sprigs of young oak, in the
morning, and <small>Powder-monkey</small>, or <small>Even-Ash</small>, ash-leaves with
an equal number of leaflets, in the afternoon. See <cite>Wild Life</cite>,
ch. v.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shivery-bivery</b>. All in a shake with cold or fright.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shog</b>. To sift ashes, &amp;c., by shaking the sieve.&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes, Huish, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shog off</b>. To decamp in a hurried, stealthy, or cowardly
manner (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shoot</b>, <b>Shute</b>. (1) A young female pig of three or four
months old (D.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>Fore-shoot and Backward-shoot</i>,
the pieces of wood immediately behind the coulter of
a plough (D.). (3) A precipitous descent in a road;
a steep narrow path.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shord</b>. See <small>Shard</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shore</b>. <i>n.</i> The edge of a ditch on the meadow side (<cite>Wild
Life</cite>, ch. xviii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A Mearstone lyinge within the Shoore of the Dyche.'&mdash;Perambulation
of the Great Park of Fasterne, 1602.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shot</b>, or <b>Shut of, to be</b>. To rid one's self of a thing. 'Her
can't get shut o' thuck there vool of a bwoy.'-N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shoulder, to put out the</b>. At Clyffe Pypard and Hilmarton
it is customary to ask a man whose banns have been
published once, 'How his shoulder is?'&mdash;because you have
heard that it has been 'put out o' one side,' owing to his
having 'vallen plump out o' the pulput laas' Zunday.' Next
Sunday will 'put'n straight agean.' This implies that the
banns were formerly published from the pulpit.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Showl</b>. A shovel (A.B.D.); occasionally a spade (D.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrammed</b>. Chilled to the bone, benumbed, perished with
cold (A.B.M.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I was half-shrammed (i.e. perished with cold) on the downs.&mdash;<cite>Monthly
Mag.</cite> 1814.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrift</b>. See <small>Shaft-tide</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shrigging</b>. Hunting for apples (S.). See <small>Griggles</small> and
<small>Scriggle</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrill</b>. To shudder. 'I never couldn't eat fat bacon&mdash;I do
allus shrill at it.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrimps</b>. A particular kind of sweets.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrowd</b>. (1) To trim off the lower boughs of a tree (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) To cut a tree into a pollard. See Polly.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrub</b>. To rub along somehow, to manage to live after some
sort of a fashion. 'I do shrub along middlin' well, when
I bain't bad wi' the rheumatiz.' A sibilated form of <i>rub</i>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrump up</b>. To hunch up the shoulders. 'Don't shrump up
your shoulders like that!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shucks</b>. Husks of oats, &amp;c.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shuffet</b>. To shuffle along hurriedly.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shurne</b>. <i>Cacare</i> (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033, f. 2), Cp. A.S. <i>scearn</i>,
dung.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shut</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To join together; used of welding iron,
splicing a rope, joining woodwork, laying turf, &amp;c.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> The point of junction, as where rick
is built against rick.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>adj.</i> See <small>Shot</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shutleck</b>, <b>Shutlock</b> (S.). See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sibilated words</b>. These are somewhat common in Wilts, as
<i>Snotch</i>, notch; <i>Spuddle</i>, puddle; <i>Scrunch</i>, crunch; <i>Spyzon</i>,
poison; <i>Spicter</i>, picture.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sick</b>. 'Turnip-sick,' of land, exhausted as regards turnip-growing
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. i). 'Tater-sick,' &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sideland ground</b>. Sloping ground on a hillside.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sidelong</b>, <b>Sideling</b>. (1) With one side higher than the
other (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi). 'I wur nigh upset, th' rwoad wur
that sideling.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) Sitting <i>sidelong</i>, i.e. with
the side towards the spectator (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. ii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sig</b>. See <small>Seg</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sight</b>. A quantity, as 'a sight o' vawk,' 'a main sight o' rain.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sil</b>. Seldom. 'Sowle-grove sil lew,' February is seldom
warm (H.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Silgreen</b>. <i>Sempervivum tectorum</i>, L., Houseleek (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).
A.S. <i>singréne</i>. See <small>Sungreen</small>&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sillow</b>, <b>Sullow</b>, or <b>Sul</b>. A kind of plough (D.). A.S. <i>sulh</i>.&mdash;S.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'<small>Sylla</small>, a plough, was used at Bratton within the memory of persons
still living. <small>Sylla-foot</small>, or <small>Zilla-fut</small>, was a guiding piece of wood
alongside of the share.'&mdash;Miss <span class="smcap">Waylen</span>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Silver-bells</b>. The double Guelder-rose of gardens.&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Silver-fern</b> or <b>Silver-grass</b>. <i>Potentilla Anserina</i>, L., which
has fern-like silvery foliage.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sim</b>. <i>n.</i> A smell, as of burning wool or bone. 'That there
meat hev got a main sim to 't.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Simbly</b>. To seem.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He've a bin and tuk dree bottles o' doctor's stuff; but I'll be
whipped if a do zimbly a bit th' better var't.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 137.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Simily</b>. Apparently, as 'Simily 'tis a bird.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Simmin</b>. It seems. 'Simmin to I 'tis gwain' thic way.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sinful</b>. Excessively, as 'sinful ornary,' very ugly.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sinful-ordinary</b>. Plain to the last degree in looks.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I once knew a young gentleman in the Guards who was very
ordinary-looking&mdash;what is called in Wiltshire "sinful ordinary."'&mdash;<cite>Illust.
London News</cite>, March 23, 1889.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Singreen</b>. See <small>Sungreen</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skag, Skeg</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To tear obliquely.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A
ragged or oblique tear in clothes, such as is made by a nail.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skeart</b>. To cause to glance off, as a pane of glass diverts shot
striking it at an angle.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skeer</b>. (1) To skim lightly and quickly over a surface,
barely touching it, as a ball does along ice.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)
*(2) To mow summer-fed pastures lightly.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skeer-devil</b>, <b>Skir-devil</b>. <i>Cypselus apus</i>, the Common Swift.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skewer-wood</b>. <i>Euonymus Europaeus</i>, L., Spindle-tree.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skewy</b>, <b>Skeowy</b>. When the sky shows streaks of windy-looking
cloud, and the weather seems doubtful, it is said to 'look
skeowy.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) Compare:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>
<p>'<i>Skew</i>: thick drizzle or driving mist.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jago's</span> <cite>Cornish Glossary</cite>.</p>
</blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Skiel</b>. A cooler used in brewing beer (A.B.G.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skiffley</b>. Showery. Perhaps from O.E. <i>skyfte</i>, to change.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skillet</b>. A round pot to hang over the fire.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skillin</b>, <b>Skilling</b>. A pent-house (A.C.S.); an outhouse or cow-shed.
A.S. <i>scyldan</i>, to protect; Old Germ. <i>schillen</i>, to cover
(A.). <i>Skillion</i> is used in Australia for a small outhouse.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Skimmenton</b>, <b>Skimmenton-riding</b>. A serenade of rough music
got up to express disapproval in cases of great scandal and
immorality. The orthodox procedure in N. Wilts is as
follows: the party assembles before the houses of the
offenders, armed with tin pots and pans, and performs a
serenade for three successive nights. Then after an interval
of three nights the serenade is repeated for three more.
Then another interval of the same duration and a third
repetition of the rough music for three nights&mdash;nine nights
in all. On the last night the effigies of the offenders are
burnt. <small>Housset</small> is the same thing. The word and the
custom have emigrated to America.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skimmer-cake</b>. A cake made of odd scraps of dough (S.). See
<small>Skimmer-lad</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skimmer-lad</b>. A dunch-dumpling, or piece of dough put on
a skimmer and held in the pot while boiling.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skippet</b>. The long-handled ladle used for filling a water-cart,
emptying a hog-tub, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skipping-ropes</b>. Sprays of <i>Clematis Vitalba</i>, L., Traveller's Joy.&mdash;S.W.
(Bishopstone.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skit</b>. A passing shower (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. i).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Skive</b>. To shave or slice (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 113).&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skram</b>. See <small>Scram</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skug, Sqwug</b>. A squirrel. 'I say, there's a skug! Let's
have a cock-shot at him with your squailer.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slack</b>. Impudence, cheek (S.). 'I'll ha' none o' your slack!'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slammock</b>, <b>Slummock</b>. A slattern. <small>Slammick</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slan</b>. A sloe (A.). A.S. <i>slán</i>, pl. of <i>slá</i>, sloe.&mdash;N.W. (Castle
Eaton, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Those eyes o' yourn be as black as slans.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 81.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Slang-up</b>, or <b>Slang-uppy</b>. Untidy, slatternly.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slat</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To split or crack (A.B.S.). 'Thuc plate's
slat.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A crack. 'What a girt slat
thur is in un.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (3) <i>n.</i> A slate (A.). 'Thur's
a slat blowed off.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slay</b>. See <small>Sleight</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sleek</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Slippery. 'The rwoad's terrible sleek.'&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> Sleet.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sleight</b>, <b>Slay</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To pasture sheep on the downs (D.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> Sheep-sleight, a sheep-down (D.); a pasture
good for sheep.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slent</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To tear (S.). 'I've a bin an' slent ma
yeppurn.'&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A tear or rent in clothes.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slewed</b>, <b>Slewy</b>. Drunk (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Slickit</b>. (1) A long thin slice (not a curly shaving) of
wood (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W. (Berks bord.) (2) 'A
slickit of a girl,' a young undeveloped girl (<i>Ibid.</i>).&mdash;N.W.
(Berks bord.) Cp. <i>Slacket</i>, slim, Cornw.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slide</b>. The cross-bar on the tail of the fore-carriage of a waggon.
See Waggon.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slip</b>. To shed. Of a horse, to shed its coat.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slippetty-sloppetty</b>. Draggle-tailed, slovenly. 'I never
zeed zich a slippetty-sloppetty wench in aal my barn days.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slire</b>. <i>v.</i> To look askance or out of the corners of your eye
at anything.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Why should you suspect him?" "Aw, a' be a bad 'un; a' can't
look 'ee straight in the face; a' sort of slyers [looks askance] at 'ee."'&mdash;<cite>Greene
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. ix.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Slize</b>. To look sly (A.B.H.Wr.). To look askance at any
one.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slocks</b>. See <small>Slox</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slocks about</b>. To go about in an untidy slatternly way.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sloe</b>. In S. Wilts, about Salisbury, the large fruit is known
as Sloes or Slues, and the small as Snags; in N. Wilts, at
Huish, <small>Sl&#335;ns</small> are large and <small>Hedge-speäks</small> small, while at
Clyffe Pypard the same terms are used, but the latter is
not confined to the small fruit. At Cherhill <small>Hilps</small> and
<small>Picks</small> are the names. <small>Slues</small> is used in both N. and S. Wilts,
and <small>Sl&#335;ns</small> or <small>Sl&#259;ns</small> in N. Wilts.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slommakin</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of females, untidy, slatternly (S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W. (Malmesbury, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sloop</b>. To change (A.H.Wr.). Perhaps a perversion of
<i>slew</i>, or a misreading of <i>swop</i> in badly written MS.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slop about</b>. To shuffle about in a slipshod slovenly fashion.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sloppet</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> The same as Slop about.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He "sloppets" about in his waistcoat and shirt-sleeves.'&mdash;<cite>Hodge and
his Masters</cite>, ch. xxiii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">*(2) <i>v.</i> Applied to a rabbit's peculiar gait, and the manner
in which it wears away and covers with sand the grass near
its bury (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. ii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slouse</b>. To splash about, as a horse or dog does in water.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sloven's year</b>. A wonderfully prosperous season, when even
the bad farmer has good crops (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slox</b>, <b>Slocks</b>. To waste, to pilfer from employers (A.B.C.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slummock</b>. See <small>Slammock</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sly</b>. 'A sly day' looks bright and pleasant, but the air has
a chill nip in it. 'Sly cold' is the treacherous kind of cold
raw weather that was very prevalent during the influenza
epidemic two or three years ago.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smaak</b>. <i>n.</i> 'Aal in a smaak,' quite rotten; used of potatoes.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smarm</b>. To bedaub. 'Don't smarm me aal auver wi' they
dirty paws o' yourn.' <small>Smaam</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smart</b>. A second swarm of bees.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smart</b>, <b>Smartish</b>, <i>adj.</i> Considerable (H.), as 'a smartish lot
o' vawk.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smeech</b>. Dust.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury, Hill Deverill, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smeechy</b>. Dusty.&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Smicket</b>. A smock or shift (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Smother</b>. A weed and rubbish fire in a garden.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snag</b>, <b>Snaig</b>. (1) A badly shaped or decayed tooth; often
used of a child's first teeth.&mdash;N.W. (2) Fruit of the sloe,
q.v. (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Snag-bush</b>. <i>Prunus spinosa</i>, L., the Sloe (<cite>Miss Plues</cite>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snake-fern</b>. <i>Pteris aquilina</i>, L., Bracken.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snake-flower</b>. (1) <i>Verbascum nigrum</i>, L., Black Mullein.
Children are cautioned not to gather it, because a snake may
be hiding under the leaves.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.) (2) <i>Stellaria
Holostea</i>, L., Greater Stitchwort.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Snake's-head</b>. <i>Potentilla Tormentilla</i>, Sibth., Tormentil.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals, Hill Deverill, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Snake-skin Willow</b>. <i>Salix triandra</i>, L., so called because it
sheds its bark (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. v).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Snake's-victuals</b>. <i>Arum maculatum</i>, L. Cuckoo-pint.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In August ... she found the arum stalks, left alone without leaves,
surrounded with berries.... This noisome fruit ... was "snake's
victuals," and ... only fit for reptile's food.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Snap</b>. A trap, as <i>Mouse-snap</i>, <i>Wont-snap</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snaps, Snap-jacks</b>. <i>Stellaria Holostea</i>, L., Greater Stitchwort.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Snap-willow</b>. <i>Salix fragilis</i>, L., from its brittleness (<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. v).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snead</b>, <b>Snaith</b>. The pole of a scythe (A.). A.S. <i>sn&#509;d</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snig</b>. A small eel.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sniggle</b>. (1) To snigger.&mdash;S.W. (2) 'To sniggle up,' to
toady or endeavour to ingratiate yourself with any one.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sniggling</b>. 'A sniggling frost,' a slight frost that just makes
the grass crisp.&mdash;S.W. (Steeple Ashton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snig-pot</b>. An eel-trap.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snippy</b>. Mean, stingy.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snivett</b>. A newt. Perhaps a sibilated form of <i>Evet</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snop</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To hit smartly, as in chipping a stone.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A smart blow (S.), as 'A snop on
the yead.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snotter-gall</b>. The yew-berry, probably from its slimy pulp.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snotty</b>. (1) 'A snotty frost,' a slight crisp rime frost.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) (2) Nasty, dirty, mean.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snowball-tree</b>. The double Guelder-rose. <small>Snowballs</small>, its
blossoms.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snow-blunt</b>. A slight snowstorm.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. See <small>Blunk</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snow-in-harvest</b>, or <b>Snow-in-summer</b>. <i>Cerastium tomentosum</i>,
L.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snowl</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A large piece of anything (S.). 'Gie
I a good snowl o' bread, mother!'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. *(2) <i>n.</i>
The head.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snow-on-the-mountains</b>. (1) <i>Saxifraga granulata</i>, L., White
Meadow Saxifrage.&mdash;S.W. (2) White Cress.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snuff-rag</b>. A pocket-handkerchief (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Lockeridge,
&amp;c.) Also used formerly at Clyffe Pypard, N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sobbled</b>. Soddened, soaked with wet (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Soce</b>. Friends; addressed to the company generally, as 'Well,
soce, an' how be ye all to-day?'&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)
Very rarely heard in Wilts, but common in Dev. and Som.
It is probably a relic of <i>Socii</i>, as used by monkish preachers.
In the old ghost-story in Jefferies' <cite>Goddard Memoir</cite> (see
Waylen's <cite>History of Marlborough</cite>, p. 555), the use of the
word <i>soas</i> (there spelt <i>source</i>) by one of the characters is
alluded to in such a way as to show that it was looked
on as a curious peculiarity of his. See <cite>W. Somerset
Words</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sod-apple</b>. <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i>, L., Great Hairy Willow-herb,
from its smell when crushed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Willow herb ... country folk call it the sod-apple, and say the
leaves crushed in the fingers have something of the scent of apple-pie.'&mdash;<cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. ii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Soft-tide</b>. The three days next before Lent (<cite>Wilts Arch.
Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 113).&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sog</b>. Soft boggy ground (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Malmesbury, &amp;c.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sogging-wet</b>. Soaked.&mdash;N.&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Soldiers</b>. <i>Papaver Rhoeas</i>, &amp;c., Red Poppy.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Soldiers'-buttons</b>. <i>Arctium Lappa</i>, L., Burdock.&mdash;S.W.
(Hamptworth.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Soldiers-sailors-tinkers-tailors</b>. <i>Lolium perenne</i>, L.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Souse</b>. 'Pigs'-sousen,' pigs'-ears.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury, Clyffe
Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sow-flower</b>. <i>Sonchus oleraceus</i>, L., Sowthistle.&mdash;(Lyneham.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sowle-grove</b>. February. (A.H.Wr.)&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The shepherds and vulgar people in South Wilts call Februarie
"<i>sowlegrove</i>," and have this proverb of it:&mdash;"Soulgrove sil lew,"&mdash;February
is seldome warme&mdash;sil <i>pro</i> seld, seldome.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey</span>, <cite>Anecdotes</cite>,
Camden Society, cxlvii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Spade</b>. The congealed gum of the eye (A.B.). Also <small>Spady</small> in
N. Wilts. A.S. <i>sped</i>, phlegm.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Spances</b>. 'Raves or sides, spances, compose the waggon-bed'
(D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spanky</b>. Showy, dashing (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spar</b>. In thatching, the 'elms' are fastened down with
'spicks' or 'spars,' split hazel rods, pointed at both ends,
and bent into hairpin shape, with a twist just at the bend
to give them a tendency when fixed to spring outwards, and
so hold faster.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sparked, Sparky</b>. Of cattle, mottled or of two colours (D.);
pied, variegated (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 225).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'One of the earliest indictments on the roll of the Hilary Sessions
[Wilts], 1603-4, tells of <i>quatuor vaccas quar' due color sparked et una alia
coloris rubri et altera color browne</i>.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 225-6.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Sparked-grass</b>. <i>Phalaris arundinacea</i>, L., Striped Ribbon-grass.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Spawl</b>. A chip or splinter from a stone.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spear</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A stalk of reed-grass (S.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> See
<small>Spurl</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spend</b>. To turn out. 'How do your taters spend to-year?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spick</b>. (1) In thatching, the same as <small>Spar</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(2) Lavender. <small>Spick</small> (Som. bord.), and <small>Spike</small> (Hants
bord.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spikenard</b>. (1) Lavender.&mdash;N.W., occasionally. (2) <i>Anthoxanthum
odoratum</i>, L., Sweet Vernal-grass.&mdash;N.W.
(Bromham.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spill</b>. (1) The long straight stalk of a plant.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.) *(2) 'To run to spill,' to run to seed.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.) *(3) Hence, figuratively, to be unproductive.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury, occasionally.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spit, Spet</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'The very spit of his father,' his very
image (<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 31). Cf. <i>Spit</i>, to lay eggs (<i>Skeat</i>). Just
like (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> 'To spit up the ground,'
to work the surface lightly over.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Splash</b>. Commoner form of <small>Plash</small>, q.v.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Split-fig</b>. A short-weight grocer (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sploach</b>. To splutter (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sprack</b>. (1) Lively, active (A.B.C.S.); also <small>Sprag</small> (B.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'That's a sprack mare o' yourn.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 68.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Intelligent, quick (A.C.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'He had picked up a few words and phrases with which he sometimes
"bothered" his neighbours, who thought Jem "a mortal sprack
chap"; but in truth he was a great fool.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 65.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Sprank</b>. A sprinkling of anything. 'There be a good sprank
o' fruit to-year.' Also used in Somerset.&mdash;N.W. (Mildenhall.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sprawing</b>. A sweetheart. This word is given for Wilts by
Britton, Akerman, Halliwell, Wright, and others, but should
be treated as a 'ghost-word,' and struck out of our glossaries.
In <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite> it is written as <small>Sprawny</small>, q.v., but
Britton when transcribing from that source would appear to
have misread it as <i>Sprawing</i>, probably not being himself
acquainted with the word, while Akerman and others must
simply have taken it blindly on his authority.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sprawny</b>. A sweetheart (<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite>). A variant of
<i>Sprunny</i>. See note on <small>Sprawing</small>. A male sweetheart in
Glouc.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Whipped to some purpose will thy sprunny be.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Collins</span>,
<cite>Miscellanies</cite>, 1762.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Spreader</b>. The thin pole or bar which keeps the traces apart
<cite>(Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 173).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Spreath</b>, <b>Spreeth</b>. Active, nimble, able (A.B.H.Wr.). 'He
is a spreeth young fellow' (B.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spreathed</b>. Of the skin, roughened or chapped by cold (B.S.)
Spreazed (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spreyed</b>. Of the skin, roughened by cold, but not chapped.
Spryed on Som. bord.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spring</b>. Of a cow, to show signs of calving.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spring-dag</b>. A chilblain. Cf. <i>Dag</i>, a twinge of pain.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spring-flower</b>. The garden Polyanthus.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spuddle</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To stir about (A.B.), to fuss about at doing
trifles. 'He's allus a-spuddling about like, but there yen't
nothen to show for 't ses I.'&mdash;N.W. (2) v. To make
a mess (S.). A sibilated form of <i>puddle</i>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spudgel</b>. A wooden scoop (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spuds</b>. Potatoes (S.). Perhaps introduced by Irish harvesters.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Spur</b>. See <small>Spurl</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spurl</b>. To spread dung about the fields (S.). Also <small>Spear</small>,
<small>Spur</small>, and <small>Spurdle</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Spurling-boards</b>. Boards set to prevent the corn from flying
out of the threshing-floor (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Spur-stone</b>. A projecting stone, set in the ground as a support
to a post, or to protect anything near the roadway
(<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. v).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Squab</b>. The youngest or weakest bird of a brood or pig of
a litter (A.). The 'darling' of a litter.&mdash;N.W. (Lockeridge.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squail</b>, <b>Sqwoil</b>. (1) To throw (A.H.S.); used of sticks, not
stones.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the orchard Bevis and Mark squailed at the pears with short
sticks.'&mdash;<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. xvi.</p>

<p>'They would like to squail a stick at his high and ancient hat.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
ch. xvi.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>Fig.</i> To do a thing awkwardly (H.), as 'Her went up
the street a squailing her arms about.'&mdash;N.W. *(3) Cock-squoilin,
throwing at cocks at Shrovetide (A.).&mdash;Obsolete.
Bird-squoilin, killing birds with stones (S.). (4) Of
a candle, to gutter.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squailer</b>, <b>Squale</b>, <b>Squoile</b>. A stick or loaded cane, used by boys
for throwing at apples, rabbits, squirrels, &amp;c.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The handle of a "squailer" projected from Orion's coat-pocket.
For making a squailer a tea-cup was the best mould:... A ground ash
sapling with the bark on, about as thick as the little finger, pliant
and tough, formed the shaft, which was about fifteen inches long.
This was held upright in the middle of a tea-cup, while the mould was
filled with molten lead. It soon cooled, and left a heavy conical knob
on the end of the stick. If rightly thrown it was a deadly missile,
and would fly almost as true as a rifle ball. A rabbit or leveret could
thus be knocked over; and it was peculiarly adapted for fetching
a squirrel out of a tree, because, being so heavy at one end, it rarely
lodged on the boughs, as an ordinary stick would, but overbalanced
and came down.'&mdash;<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. iii.</p>

<p>'The "squaler" came into use very early in the school's history,
and was for years almost as much a part of the ordinary equipment
of a Marlborough boy as a cricket-bat would now be. To later generations
the very name probably conveys no meaning. The weapon itself
was simple enough, though extremely formidable. It consisted of
a piece of lead something the shape and about the size of a pear, with
a cane handle about eighteen inches long. A squaler could be thrown
a great distance and with terrific force, and at short ranges by the
practised hands of the Marlburians of those days with great accuracy.
Its ostensible purpose was squirrel-hunting, as the name suggests [No,
it is not a contraction of "squirreller," but is from <i>squail</i>, to throw.&mdash;<i>G.E.D.</i>],
but it came in handy for the larger quarry which the more
adventurous tribes pursued and slew, such as rabbits, hares, and very
frequently even deer. It lingered on as an article of local sale till the
middle of the sixties; but ... was made contraband, and finally died
out.'&mdash;<cite>History of Marlborough College</cite>, ch. ix. p. 94.</p>

<p>'To make a squailer you provide yourself with an eighteen-inch<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>
length of half-inch cane, two inches of which you sheath with tow
and then insert in a ladle of molten lead. There you manipulate it in
such sort that there is presently left to cool at the end of your cane
a pear-shaped lump of lead of the weight experience has shown you to
be proper. With this weapon an adept can bring down a squirrel from
on high, or stop one on the level at five-and-twenty yards, almost to
a certainty.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">W. F. Waller</span> in <cite>Notes &amp; Queries</cite>, 8th series, ii. p. 197.
'Another Marlborough mode of making it is to pour the melted lead
into a cone composed of many folds of well-wetted paper, tied round
the slightly notched upper end of the cane or ground ash.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">G. E.
Dartnell</span> in <cite>N. &amp; Q.</cite>, 8th series, ii. p. 257. Also see various letters
in <cite>N. &amp; Q.</cite>, 8th series, ii. pp. 149, 197, 257. Squailers were in use at the
Grammar school as well as at the College, up to about 1867.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Squailing</b>. Clumsy, badly, or irregularly shaped, as 'a squailing
loaf,' 'a squailing sort of a town,' &amp;c. (H.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Square</b>. Thatching is paid by the 'square,' which is 100 square
feet.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squat</b>. See <small>Squot</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squeak-Thrush</b>. The Missel Thrush.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squeeze-belly</b>. A V-shaped stile.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squelch</b>, <b>Squelp</b>. (1) <i>adv.</i> 'A vell down squelch,' he fell
heavily (A.B.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To squash to pieces, as
a heavy stone would an egg.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squinney</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> 'To squinney round,' to peep about.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> 'Squinney-hole,' a peep-hole. Sometimes
also used of a hagioscope in a church.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squish</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> Of soft or boggy ground, to give under foot
with the peculiar spirt and sound that denote a water-logged
condition. 'The rwoad wer squishing under I ael the waay
to 'Vize.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> Of mud, to spirt and splash
up as it does in a boggy place. 'It wer main hocksey, an'
the muck squished up ael over I, purty nigh up to my eyes.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squishey</b>. <i>adj.</i> Soft, wet, swampy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The ploughing engine be stuck fast up to the axle, the land be so
soft and squishey.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Squoil</b>. See <small>Squail</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Squot</b> or <b>Squat</b>. (1) n. A bruise (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To bruise or crush (S.), as 'I've bin an'
squot my thumb.' To bruise by compression (B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sqwawk</b>. To squall out as a hen does when pulled off the
nest.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stabble</b>. v. Of ground, to poach up by continual treading, as
near a field gateway (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Children are always
'stabbling about' indoors, making a mess and litter.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stack</b>. 'A stack of elms'=either one score or two score of
'elms.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Staddles</b>, <b>Staddle-stones</b>. The pillars on which a rick stands
(A.B.S.). Cf. <small>Stavel</small> (<small>Steevil</small> in S.W.). A.S. staðol.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stael</b>. See <small>Stale</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stag</b>, <b>Steg</b>. A rent in clothes.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Staid</b>. Of mature age, elderly (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stake-and-ether-hedge</b>. A wattled fence. See <small>Ether</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stale</b>, <b>Stael</b>, or <b>Steale</b>. The long handle of any husbandry
tool (A.B.). A.S. <i>stel</i> (in compounds).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A was as lang and as lane as a rake-stael.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 177.</p>

<p>'The peculiar broad-headed nail which fastens the mop to the stout
ashen "steale," or handle.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. iv.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Standing</b>, <b>Stannin</b>. A stall or small booth at a fair. <small>Stannen</small>
(S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Star-flower</b>. (1) <i>Potentilla Tormentilla</i>, Sibth., Tormentil.&mdash;S.W.
(Barford.) (2) <i>Lysimachia nemorum</i>, L., Wood
Loosestrife.&mdash;S.W. (Barford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stark</b>. <i>v.</i> To dry up. 'The ground is got so stark&mdash;you see
the hot sun after the rain did stark the top on't.'&mdash;N.W.
(Hilmarton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Starky</b>. (1) Stiff, dry (A.B.). Shrivelled up, as applied to
things.&mdash;N.W. (2) Shrivelled and wasted by ill-health.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stars</b>. <i>Campanula glomerata</i>, L., Clustered Bellflower.&mdash;N.W.
(Enford.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Start</b>. (1) An outing or pleasure-party. 'Wher be th'
missus, Bill?' 'Whoy, off on a bit of a start.'&mdash;S.W.
(2) A 'go.' 'That's a rum start, yun' it?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Starve</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> 'To starve with cold,' to be extremely cold;
to cause anything to be cold. Chiefly used in past participle,
as 'starved wi' th' cowld,' perished with cold. A.S.
<i>steorfan</i>, to die. 'My old man he do starve I at nights wi'
the cowld, 'cause he got a crooked leg, and he do sort o' cock
un up 'snaw, and the draaft do get in under the bed-claus,
and I be fairly starved wi' the cowld.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2)
See <small>Bird-starving</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stavel-barn</b>. A barn on stone pillars (Agric. Survey). See
<small>Staddles</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steale</b>. See <small>Stale</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stean</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To 'stone,' or cover a path or road with
gravel or small stones.&mdash;N.W. (2) 'To stean a well,' to
line its sides with stone (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steaner</b>. The man who lays the second and inner rows of
sheaves in building a wheat rick.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steanin</b>. (1) A road made with small stones (A.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) The built-up portion of a well.&mdash;S.W. See <small>Stean</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steart</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The tang which fastens anything; the ring
of a button, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> The small iron rod, on
the head of which the cappence of the old-fashioned flail
played.&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>n.</i> A young ox. Apparently <i>steer</i>,
with <i>t</i> excrescent.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steer</b>. The starling. A form of <i>Stare</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steip</b>. See <small>Stipe</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stem</b>. A period of time (A.H.S.), as 'a stem o' dry weather.'
Work on the roads, &amp;c., is done 'on the stem,' or 'by the
stem.' A.S. <i>stemn</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stepple</b>. A hoof-mark (<cite>Village Miners</cite>). Cf. <small>Stabble</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stewer</b>, <b>Stour</b>, <b>Sture</b>. Fuss, commotion.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stew up</b>. To tidy up.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stick</b>. To decorate with evergreens, &amp;c. 'We allus sticks
th' Church at Christmas,'&mdash;the decorations formerly consisting
only of sprigs of holly stuck into holes in the backs
of the pews.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stickle</b>. To stick. 'They're as thick as they can stickle on
it.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stick-up</b>. <i>v.</i> To make the first tentative advances towards
courtship.&mdash;N.W., occasionally.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I've bin a-stickin' up to another young ooman this summer, wi'
a view to keepin' comp'ny wi' she.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xv.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Stipe</b>. 'The stipe o' the hill,' the steepest part.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stipe</b>, <b>Steip</b>. A dozen and a half of 'elms' (H.Wr.). '<i>Steip
of helms</i>, eighteen helms: Wilts.'&mdash;Holloway's <cite>Dict.</cite>&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stived up</b>. Shut up in a warm close place. Fighting cocks
were formerly kept warm in a 'stive,' or kind of straw
basket like a hive, whilst waiting their turn to fight.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stoach</b>. To plant potatoes with a 'stoacher.' In some counties
<i>stoach</i>=poach, to trample into holes.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stoacher</b>. 'A tater stoacher,' a thick stake, with projecting
notch on which the foot is placed to drive the sharpened
point into the ground. The potatoes are dropped into the
holes so made.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stobball-play</b>. An old game, played with a withy-staff and
a small ball, stuffed full of quills, said by Aubrey (<cite>Nat. Hist.
Wilts</cite>, p. 117, ed. Brit.) to be peculiar to North Wilts, North
Gloucester, and the neighbourhood of Bath; but probably
a form of <i>stool-ball</i> (H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Illegal games ... mentioned are ... hand-ball, foot-ball, and stave-ball
or "stobball"; (<i>pilum manualem, pedalem, sive baculinam</i>), "nine-holes"
and "kittles."'&mdash;<cite>On the Self-government of Small Manorial Communities,
as exemplified in the Manor of Castle Combe.&mdash;Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. iii.
p. 156.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Stodge</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Substantial food.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To
stuff gluttonously. <small>Stodged</small>, quite unable to cram down
another morsel.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stodgy</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of food, causing a feeling of repletion.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stogged</b>. Stuck in the mud, bogged (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stoggy</b>. Wet and sticky; used of ground that 'stogs' you,
or in which you get 'stogged.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stomachy</b>. <i>adj.</i> Unbending (S.). Obstinate, headstrong,
self-willed.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stone-bruise</b>. A kind of corn on the foot. In an American
trouting-yarn in <cite>Fishing Gazette</cite>, December 17, 1892, p. 429,
the following occurs:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'It's just the age for "stone-bruises" in a boy, and he must have
a pair of shoes any way.'</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stone-osier</b>. <i>Salix purpurea</i>, L. (<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>,
ch. viii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stop</b>. A hole in the ground&mdash;not in a hedgerow, but a few
yards away, or on cultivated ground&mdash;where the doe rabbit
has her young; said to be from her 'stopping' or covering
it over when she leaves it. Also used in Hants.&mdash;N.W.,
common.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Storm-cock</b>. <i>Turdus viscivorus</i>, Missel Thrush (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 129).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stout</b>. The gadfly (A.B.). 'They stowuts be so terrifyin'.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stowl</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The root of a timber-tree left in the ground
after felling (A.B.C.); the stump of a bush or tree, in hedge
or copse, cut off low down so as to form a stock from which
underwood may spring (C.D.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> 'To
stowl out,' to shoot out thickly, as a bush cut off low down,
or wheat which has been fed off when young.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strafe</b>. To wander about.&mdash;N.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strapper</b>. An Irish harvester or tramping labourer.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strawberry-leaved Geranium</b>. <i>Saxifraga sarmentosa</i>, L. See
<small>Hanging Geranium</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strick</b>. See <small>Strike</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Strickle</b>. See <small>Stritch</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Striddling</b>. The right to lease fallen apples after the gathering
in of the crop. Cf. <small>Griggling</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strike</b>, <b>Strick</b>. To slip up; to slip and swing out as a vehicle
does when turning a corner fast on a slippery road. 'Her
stricked up on thuck there slide, an' come down vlop.'&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Strim-strum</b>. <i>adj.</i> Unmusical (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stripe</b>. A fool, a simpleton (H.Wr.). Probably a mistake
for <small>Stupe</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strip-up</b>. <i>v.</i> To shroud the lower part of a tree, as is usually
done with hedgerow timber at intervals.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stritch</b>, <b>Strickle</b>. A piece of wood used for striking off the
surplus grain from a corn measure. A.S. <i>stricol</i>.&mdash;N.W.
(Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Strommelling</b>. *(1) Awkward, ungainly (A.B.H.).
*(2) Unruly (A.B.H.), as 'a strommellin' child.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Strong</b>. 'Strong a-dying,' at the point of death.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Strouter</b>. A strut or support in the side of a waggon (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stub</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A stump of a tree; a projecting root.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> In walking, to strike the foot against
a stub or projecting root.&mdash;N.W. *(3) <i>v.</i> 'To stub off,'
to cut off a bush or tree close to the ground (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>,
ch. x). (4) 'Stubs,' stubble, as <i>wheat-stubs, barley-stubs</i>
(D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stubbed</b>. A 'stubbed' broom is one much worn down by use,
as opposed to a new one.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stuck</b>. A spike (A.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stud</b>. <i>v.</i> To ponder over, think about. 'Don't 'ee stud upon 't
so much.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Studdle</b>. To stir up water so as to make it thick and muddy.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Studdly</b>, <b>Stoddly</b>. Thick, as beer before it settles after
moving.&mdash;N.W. (Berks bord.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stultch</b>. A crutch, a boy's stilt (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033, f. 2).
(H.Wr.). Stelch in Glouc.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Stun</b>. <i>v.</i> To cause to make no growth. 'Grass was stunned
in its growth this season' (1892).&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard,
Potterne, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sture</b>. See <small>Stewer</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Suant</b>. See <small>Sewent</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Succour</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Shelter; a sheltered place. A tender plant is
set 'in the succour of the wall'; and cattle on a cold wet day
get 'in the succour of the hedge.' ''Tes gwain' to rain, for
the wind's down in the succours,' i.e. hollows and sheltered
places generally. On bleak parts of the Downs the cottages
are mostly to be found in the succours.&mdash;N.W. (Huish,
Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Goddard the elder being a copyholder of lands in Eylden within
the Manner of Ogburne near adjoyning to His Majesties Chace being
a place that in winter time was a special and usual succour for preserving
the breed of young deer belonging to the Chace.'&mdash;Extract from
<cite>Bond</cite> v. <cite>Goddard and others</cite>, 1636. See <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxiii. p. 259.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To shelter. An old-fashioned bonnet is said to 'succour'
the ears. A cold wind cuts up cabbages, except where
they are 'succoured' by bushes or walls.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Suck-blood</b>. The Common Leech. <small>Zuckblood</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Suffer</b>. To punish, to make to suffer. 'I'll suffer you, you
young rascal!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Suffy</b>. To draw a deep and quick breath.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sugar-codlins</b>. <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i>, L., Great Hairy Willow-herb.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Suggy</b>. Wood that is soaked with wet is said to be 'suggy.'
See <small>Sog</small>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Suity</b>. Even, regular (A.B.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sultedge</b>. A coarse apron, worn by poor women (A.B.C.).
<small>Sultredge</small> (H.Wr.). By which is probably intended that the
apron is made of <i>sultedge</i>, or a kind of coarse sheeting.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Summer field</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In the four-field system, where the clover is sown the second year,
and mowed the third, the field becomes in the fourth year what is
called, in Wiltshire, a summer field.'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Summer ground</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A custom upon two farms ... of feeding six oxen through the full
range of all the summer ground belonging to the hither Beversbrook
... being the Home Close, the Middle Marsh, the Course Marsh, the
Upper Lease, and Brewer's Lease; through the full range likewise of
such summer grounds as belong to the yonder Beversbrook to be put
in at Mortimers Gate and to feed to Burfurlong Corner, through all the
afore mentioned grounds from the third of May to Michaelmas.'&mdash;<cite>Hilmarton
Parish Terrier</cite>, 1704. See <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxiv. p. 126.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Summer rick</b>. A windmow, or very large cock of hay, thrown
up in the field, to remain there some time (<cite>Gamekeeper at
Home</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Summers</b> or <b>Bed-summers</b>. See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Summer Snipe</b>. <i>Totanus hypoleucos</i>, Common Sandpiper.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sungreen</b>. <i>Sempervivum tectorum</i>, L., Houseleek. Occasionally
Singreen in S. Wilts, and Silgreen in N. Wilts. A.S. <i>singréne</i>.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Swaft</b>. Thirst (H.Wr.). Probably from Fr. <i>soif</i>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Swank</b>. To work in a slow lazy fashion, to idle. 'Her bain't
no good for <em>your</em> place, ma'am, her do go swanking about
so over her work.'&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Swankey</b>. *(1) <i>adj.</i> Boisterous, swaggering, strutting
(A.B.H.Wr.). *(2) <i>n.</i> Weak beer; drink (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Swash</b>, <b>Swosh</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A torrent or great rush of water.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A man in answer to my question of <em>how</em> the rain seemed to fall,
said, "It came down in <i>swashes</i>," and I think it may also be said
that occasionally the wind came in <i>swashes</i> too.'&mdash;<cite>The Great Wiltshire
Storm, Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. vi. p. 380.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To swill out. 'I've bin swoshing out the back-kitchin.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sweeps</b>. <i>Hypericum calycinum</i>, L., Large-flowered St. John's
Wort.&mdash;S.W. (Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sweet-briar</b>. The young succulent suckers of any rose, which
are peeled and eaten by children.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sweeten</b>. Some land requires <i>sweetening</i>, or chalking, to take
out the acidity, before it will bear barley (<cite>Agric. Survey</cite>).</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sweethearts</b>. <i>Galium Aparine</i>, L., Goosegrass, because its burs
have such an affectionate way of clinging to one.&mdash;S.W.
(Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Swilter</b>. To smoulder away to ashes, without breaking into
flame (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Swittle</b>. To cut or whittle (A.H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sythe</b>. To sigh (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>T</b>. <i>Thr</i>, at the beginning of a word, is usually sounded as <i>dr</i>,
as <i>draish</i>, <i>dree</i>. After liquids <i>d</i> or <i>t</i> will often be added, as
<i>varmint</i>, vermin; <i>sarment</i>, sermon; <i>steart</i>, a steer; <i>dillard</i>,
thiller. <i>F</i> and <i>v</i> sometimes become <i>th</i>, as <i>thetches</i> for fitches
or vetches. <i>Th</i> will also occasionally become <i>Ss</i>, as <i>lattermass</i>,
latter-math. Conversely, <i>Ss</i> rarely becomes <i>th</i>, as <i>moth</i>, moss.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tack</b>. (1) A shelf, as <i>chimney-tack</i> (A.B.C.).&mdash;N.W. (2)
Pasture for horses and cattle (A.B.).&mdash;N.W. (3) 'Out to
tack,' at agistment, applied to cattle that are put out to keep
by the week or month.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tackle</b>. Stuff, any material, as food, solid or liquid (A.).
'This here yale be oncommon good tackle'; or dress material,
'Haven't 'ee got any gingham tackle?' (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).
Also used of food for cattle.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thaay [the sheep] be goin' into th' Mash to-morrow.... We be got
shart o' keep.... Thur's a main sight o' tackle in the Mash vor um.'&mdash;<cite>Green
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Taffety</b>. Dainty in eating (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tag</b>. (1) When a lawn-mower or barrow is too heavy for
one man to manage alone, a rope is attached for a boy to
draw by, who is said to 'pull tag.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)
(2) <i>n.</i> A game played by boys. One touches another, saying
<i>Tag!</i> and the touched person has then to run after and touch
another, who becomes <i>Tag</i> in his turn.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. *(3) <i>v.</i>
To tease, to torment (C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Tail</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The whole skirt of a woman's dress. 'Hev 'ee
got ar' a owld taail to gie I, Miss?'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) 'Seconds' of flour (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. vi); also <small>Tailing-flour</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <small>Tail-ends</small> or <small>Tailings</small>. Refuse wheat,
not saleable in market, kept for consumption on the farm
(A.B.G.); also <small>Tail</small>, <small>Tailing-wheat</small>, and <small>Tailens</small> (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tail Pole</b>. See <small>Waggon</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Take</b>. <i>n.</i> The sciatica (Aubrey's <cite>Wilts MS.</cite>).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Take up</b>. Of weather, to become fine.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tallet</b>, <b>Tallot</b>. A hay-loft over a stable (A.B.G.S.). Welsh
<i>taflod</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. See <cite>N. &amp; Q.</cite> 8th Ser. iv. 450, &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tamed</b>. 'By that time the ground will be tamed.' Said in
Lisle's <cite>Husbandry</cite> to be a Wilts agricultural term, but not
there explained.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tan</b>. <i>Then</i> is so pronounced in such phrases as <i>Now'-an'-Tan</i>
and <i>Twitch-an'-Tan</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tang</b>. (1) 'To tang the bell,' to pull it (A.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) 'To tang bees,' to follow a swarm, beating a fire-shovel
or tin pan (A.).&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To make a noise (S.).&mdash;S.W.
(4) <i>n.</i> A small church bell is a <small>Ting-Tang</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tankard</b>. A sheep-bell.&mdash;N.W. It is said that the whole
of the 'tankards' in use in England are made at Great
Cheverell.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Hilary ... turned back, remarking, "It's Johnson's flock; I know
the tang of his tankards." The flat-shaped bells hung on a sheep's
neck are called tankards, and Hilary could distinguish one flock from
another by the varying notes of their bells.'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. vi. p. 123.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tasker</b>. A tramping harvester or casual labourer who works
by the piece (<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, p. 24).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tawney</b>, <b>Ta'aney</b>. The Bullfinch, <i>Pyrrhula vulgaris</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tazzle</b>. <i>n.</i> 'Her hair be aal of a tazzle,' in great disorder, all
tangled and knotted and tousled.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tear</b>. (1) A rage. 'He wur in just about a tear.'&mdash;S.W.
(2) In N. Wilts old folk used formerly to <i>tear</i> their crockery,
and <i>break</i> their clothes, but <i>tear</i> now seems obsolete in this
sense there.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teart</b>. (1) Painfully tender, sore, as a wound (A.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) Stinging, as a blister.&mdash;N.W. (Rowde.) (3) Tart, as
beer turning sour (S.): acrimonious. See <cite>Addenda</cite>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ted</b>. To throw about hay for the first time (D.S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teel</b>, <b>Tile</b>. To place anything leaning against a wall
(A.B.H.Wr.). Generally used with <i>up</i>, as 'Teel it up agen
th' wall, wull 'ee?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teft</b>. The same as <small>Heft</small> (A.B.C.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teg-man</b>. A shepherd.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I am a teg-man (or shepherd) in the employ of Mr. White.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
County Mirror</cite>, October 28, 1892, p. 8, col. 5.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Temper</b>. 'To temper down dripping,' to melt it and refine
with water.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Temtious</b>. Tempting, inviting.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Temzer</b>. A riddle or sieve. Cp. Fr. <i>tamis</i>.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A temzer, a range, or coarse searche: Wilts.'&mdash;<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite> 1033, f. 2.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Tentful</b>. Attentive, careful.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Terrible</b>. Extremely. ''Tes a terr'ble bad harvest to-year.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Terrify</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To worry, irritate, annoy; used especially
of very troublesome children. 'The vlies be terrible
terrifying.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>''Twer mostly losing of a hoss as did for 'em, and most al'ays wi'
bad shoeing. They gived 'em scant measure&mdash;shoed 'em too tight,
they did, a-terrifying o' the poor beasts.'&mdash;<cite>Jonathan Merle</cite>, ch. xlviii.
p. 520.</p>

<p>'Her own folks mightn't a-like so well to come and stay, if ther was
al'ays a terrifying old woman to put up with.'&mdash;<i>Ibid</i>, ch. liv. p. 596.</p>

<p>'Her husband, who had been out in the fields, came home and began
to "terrify" her.'&mdash;<cite>Marlborough Times</cite>, November 26, 1892.</p>

<p>'I be turrivied wi' rheumatics.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. x.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>n.</i> A source of worry or trouble. A bed-ridden woman
who has to get her neighbours to do everything for her is
'a terrible terrify' to them.&mdash;N.W. *(3) <i>v.</i> To injure,
as a hailstorm does apple-blossom (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite>
vol. xxii. p. 113).&mdash;N.W. (Cherhill.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tewley</b>, <b>Tuley</b>. Weakly (S.). Sickly, tired-looking.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thatches</b>. See <b>Thetches</b>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thauf</b>. Although, or although if; as 'A never vound un,
thauf he'd gone dree lug vurder on, a cudden a bin off
seein' on un.' Cp. Sauf.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury, etc.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Theave</b>. A ewe of the third year.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'We have wether hogs and chilver hogs, and shear hogs, ram tegs,
and theaves, and two-tooths, and four-tooths, and six-tooths.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> ch. xvii. p. 303.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>There-right</b>. (1) 'Go straight forward,' order to a horse
at plough (A.).&mdash;N.W. (2) On the spot.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thert</b>. <i>v.</i> To plough land a second time, at right angles to
the first ploughing, so as to clean it more effectually. Cp.
<i>Thwart</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thetches</b>, <b>Thatches</b>. Vetches. <i>Lent thetches</i> are an early
spring kind.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thill</b>, or <b>Dill</b>. The shaft of a cart.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thiller</b>, <b>Diller</b>, <b>Thill-horse</b>. The shaft-horse of a team.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thimbles</b>. <i>Campanula rotundifolia</i>, L., the Harebell.&mdash;S.W.
(Hamptworth.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thorough-pin</b>. The pin which fastens the waggon-bed to the
carriage (D.). See Waggon.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Three-pound-tenner</b>. The name given by bird-catchers
about Salisbury to the 'Chevil' variety of Goldfinch, it
being more valuable than the ordinary kind (<cite>Birds of Wilts</cite>,
p. 203).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Threshles</b>. 'A pair of threshles, drashols, or flyals, a flail' (D.).
The usual term for a flail. See <small>Drashel</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Throw</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> 'A throw of timber,' the quantity felled at
any one time.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To fell timber (<cite>Bevis</cite>, ch. i).&mdash;N.W.
(3) 'To throw a gin or snare,' to spring or set
it off (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. vi).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thunder-bolts</b>, (1) The concretionary nodules of iron pyrites
so frequently found in the chalk. See <small>Gold</small>; also Thunder-stones
in <cite>Addenda</cite>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The ploughboys search for pyrites, and call them thunderbolts.&mdash;<cite>Greene
Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) Fossil belemnites.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thunder-flower</b>. <i>Papaver Rhoeas</i>, &amp;c., Red Poppy.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thunder-fly</b>. A black midge. So called because they appear
mostly in thunder weather.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Tiny black flies alighting on my hands and face, irritated the skin;
the haymakers call them "thunder-flies."'&mdash;<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. v.
pp. 96-97.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Thurindale</b>. A flagon holding about three pints (H.Wr.).
M.E. <i>thriddendele</i>, a third part.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thurtifer</b>. Unruly, self-willed (H.Wr.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ticky Pig</b>. The smallest pig of a litter.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tid</b>. *(1) Lively, playful (B.G.). (2) Childish, affecting
simplicity (A.), shy. 'Coom, coom, dwon't'e be tid' (A.).
A.S. <i>tyddr</i>, tender, weak, imbecile.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tiddle</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To bring up a lamb by hand (A.). A.S. <i>tyddrian</i>,
to nourish, feed.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'"Shall I get a drap o' milk, and <i>tiddle</i> un a leetle, maester?" ...
"Ha! to be sure! ... Put un into the basket ... and get us a bottle
wi' some milk." Tom, who had often assisted the young lambs in the
same way, soon procured the therewith to fashion the pseudo teat,
and master and man did their best to perform the office of wet nurse
to the unfortunate foundling.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, pp. 5-6.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(2) <i>v.</i> To tickle (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tiddlin' lamb</b>. A lamb brought up by hand (A.). See <small>Tiddle</small> (1).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tiddy</b>. <i>adj.</i> Weakly, delicate. See <small>Tiddle</small> (1).&mdash;N.W. (Castle
Eaton, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tide-times</b>. Christmas, Easter, &amp;c. 'He do have a drop,
tide-times and that.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tie</b>. Of wood, to pinch the saw while working.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tig</b>. A little pig (<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. i).&mdash;N.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tile</b>. See <small>Teel</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tiller</b>. The upper handle of a sawyer's long pit-saw. See <small>Box</small>.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tiller out</b>. To sprout out with several shoots, as wheat after
being eaten off when young.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Timersome</b>. Timid (A.S.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tine</b>. *(1) <i>v.</i> To light a fire or candle (A.C.). <small>Tin'd</small> (B.). Cf.
A.S. <i>tendan, on-tendan</i>, to kindle, and E. <i>tinder</i>. *(2) To
finish off a laid hedge or stake-fence by weaving in the
top-band of boughs (A.B.). *(3) <i>v.</i> To divide or enclose
a field with a hedge (A.B.C.). A.S. <i>týnan</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'To tine in a piece of waste ground is to enclose it with a fence of
wood or quickset.'&mdash;<cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">(4) <i>n.</i> A drag or harrow tooth (D.).&mdash;N.W. *(5) To give
the ground two or three <i>tinings</i> is to draw the harrow two or
three times over the same place. See Cope's <cite>Hants Gloss</cite>.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They drag it two, three, or four times, and harrow it four, five,
or six times, viz. (provincially speaking), they give it "so many tine
with the drag, and so many with the harrow."'&mdash;<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Ting-tang</b>. A small church-bell (S.). See <small>Tang</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tining</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A new enclosure made with a dead hedge
(D.H. Wr.).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A fence of wood, either brushwood,
pale, or quickset (C.).&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tippem</b>, <b>Tippum</b>. A game played by six boys, three on each
side of the table. The centre one 'works the piece,' i.e.
passes it from hand to hand up and down under his side of
the table. Then all the hands are placed on the table, and
the opposite side guesses which hand the 'piece' is in, and
scores or loses a mark according as the guess is right or
wrong. The 'piece' may be anything available, from a knife
to a pebble or bean.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tippy</b>, <b>Tippity</b>. Easily upset.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tistie-tostie</b>, <b>Tostie</b>. A child's name for both cowslip and
cowslip-ball.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tithing</b>, <b>Tething</b>. A shock of ten sheaves, for convenience in
tithe-taking (D.). The same as <small>Hyle</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Titty-wren</b>. The wren.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Toads'-cheese</b>. Toadstool, fungus (A.).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Toads'-heads</b>. <i>Fritillaria Meleagris</i>, L., Snake's-head (<cite>English
Plant Names</cite>).&mdash;N.W. (Minety.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toads'-meat</b>. Toadstools; fungi (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toad-stabber</b>. A bad blunt knife (S.). Commonly used by
boys about Clyffe Pypard.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Todge</b>. Any thick spoon-meat, as gruel (A.B.C.). See <small>Stodge</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Token</b>. *(1) A fool (H.Wr.). (2) A 'young token' is
a young rascal.&mdash;N.W. (3) Formerly used also as a term
of endearment. A man would call his children his 'little
tokens.'&mdash;N.W. (4) 'Blackberry-token,' the Dewberry.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toll</b>. To entice or decoy. <small>Tawl</small> (S.). 'Hev' a bit o' cheese,
to toll the bread down wi', will 'ee?' Still in common use.
A cow given to wandering, when she breaks out of bounds,
generally 'tolls' the rest of the herd after her.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toll-bird</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A trained decoy-bird; also a stuffed bird
used as a decoy.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) 'To give anything just
as a toll-bird,' to throw a sprat to catch a mackerel. Tradesmen
will sell some one article far below cost-price, as a toll-bird
to attract custom.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tom-bird</b>. The male of any bird is generally so called in N. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tom Cull</b>. The Bullhead, <i>Cottus gobio</i> (A.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tommy</b>. Food in general (S.), especially when carried out
into the fields.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tommy-bag</b>. The bag in which labourers take food out with
them (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tommy-hacker</b>. The same as Hacker.&mdash;S.W. (Steeple Ashton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tommy-hawk</b>. A potato hacker. See <small>Hacker</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tom Thumbs</b>. <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>, L., Bird's-foot Trefoil.&mdash;S.W.
(Mere.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tom Thumb's Honeysuckle</b>. <i>Lotus corniculatus</i>, L., Bird's-foot
Trefoil (<cite>Sarum Dioc. Gazette</cite>).&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toppings</b>. Bran and mill-sweepings ground up together.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Totty</b>, <b>Tutty</b>, <b>Tutto</b>. A nosegay. Used all over Wilts, in
slightly varying pronunciations, the stress sometimes falling
on the first and sometimes on the last syllable. An apple-tree
in full blossom is 'all a totty.' At Hungerford the
tything-men are known as <small>Tutti-men</small>, and carry <small>Tutti-poles</small>,
or wands wreathed with flowers. Minsheu's Dict., Eng.
and Spanish ed. 1623, 'a posie or tuttie.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Touch</b>. Coarse brown paper soaked in saltpetre and dried,
used instead of matches for lighting a pipe in the open air,
the spark to kindle it being struck with a knife and a flint.
Commonly used up to a very recent date.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Touchwood</b>. A boy's game, in which the pursued endeavours
to escape by touching <i>wood</i>, i.e. tree or post, before his
pursuer can seize him.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Toward</b>. (1) Order to a horse to come towards you.&mdash;N.W.
(2) Hence applied to anything near or leaning towards you
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Towardly</b>. Docile, as opposed to <i>froward</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>To-year</b>, <b>T'year</b>. This year. 'I bain't a-gwain' to set no taters
to-year.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Traipse</b>, <b>Trapes</b>, <b>Traipsey</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A slattern.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) To walk in a slatternly manner; used chiefly of women.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Trammel Hawk</b>. <i>Falco peregrinus</i>, Peregrine Falcon (<cite>Birds
of Wilts</cite>, p. 72).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trant</b>. To move goods.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tranter</b>. A haulier.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trapes</b>. n. An untidy person (S.). See <small>Traipes</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Traveller's-ease</b>. <i>Achillea Millefolium</i>, L., Common Yarrow.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tree-mouse</b>. <i>Certhia familiaris</i>, the Common Creeper.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'It may be seen creeping like a mouse up and down the hole of a
tree. Hence it is known in the south of the county as the "Tree-mouse.'"&mdash;<cite>Birds
of Wilts.</cite>, p. 259.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Trendle</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A circular trough or tray in which
bakers mix their dough.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> Hence,
a circular earthwork.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Chisenbury Camp, or Trendle, as it is vulgarly called.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Britton's</span>
<cite>Top. Descr. Wilts</cite>., p. 407.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Triangle</b>. 'To plant cabbages triangle,' to set them in <i>quincunx</i>
order.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trig</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To fasten, make firm (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite>
vol. xxii. p. 113).&mdash;N.W. (2) adj. 'Pretty trig,' in fairly
good health.&mdash;S.W. (Steeple Ashton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trigger</b>. The rod let down to '<i>trig up</i>' the shafts of a cart.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Trim-tram</b>. A gate which swings in a V-shaped enclosure
of post and rail, so as to prevent cattle from passing through.&mdash;N.W.
(Cherhill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trins</b>. Calves' trins, i.e., calves' stomachs, are used in cheese-making.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trip</b>. To take off in jumping.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tripping</b>. The 'take-off' in jumping.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Sometimes they could not leap because the tripping was bad ... sometimes
the landing was bad ... or higher than the tripping.&mdash;<cite>Bevis</cite>,
ch. v.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Trounce</b>. To have the law of a man, to punish by legal
process (A.B.S.); never used of physical punishment.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Truckle</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To roll.&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>n.</i> Anything that
may be rolled.&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>n.</i> A small cheese (S.)&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Truckle-cheese</b>. A small barrel-shaped cheese of about 6 or
8 lbs.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Truckles</b>. (1) 'Sheep's-truckles,' sheep dung; the usual
term in N. Wilts. Cf. 'trottles' in Linc., and 'trestles' in
Sussex.&mdash;N.W. (2) 'To play truckles,' to roll anything,
such as a reel, the top of a canister, &amp;c., from one player to
another, backwards and forwards.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Trumpery</b>. Weeds growing in cultivated ground.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'If he'd a-let us have it rent free first year ('cause that land wer all
full o' trump'ry that high) we could ha' done.'&mdash;Jonathan Merle,
ch. xxxvii. p. 412.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Tuck</b>. (1) 'To tuck a rick,' to pull out the uneven hay
all round the sides, until they look smooth and even.&mdash;N.W.
(2) To smart with pain (H.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(3) To blow gustily. 'The wind is so tucking to-day,' i.e.
gusty, veering, blowing from all quarters, uncertain.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tuffin</b>, <b>Tuffin-hay</b>, <b>Tuff-mowing</b>. Late hay made of the
rough grass left by the cattle. <small>Turvin</small> (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tufwort</b>. Probably the nest of <i>Vespa Britannica</i>, which in
hot summers has occurred frequently in our hedges in some
parts of the county.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Between Crookwood and what is called "The Folly," they observed
a large cluster in one of the fir-trees ... which turned out to be a
wasps' nest. The nest, which was nearly as large as a quartern
measure, was fully matured, and is described by an expert in taking
wasps' nests as what is known as "the tufwort" nest. It consisted of
three splendid cakes of comb, enclosed in a web.'&mdash;Local Papers, July,
1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Tugs</b>. Pieces of chain attached to the hames of the thiller,
by which he draws.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tuley</b>. See <small>Tewley</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tulip-tree</b>. <i>Acer pseudo-platanus</i>, L., Sycamore, the smell
or taste of the young shoots being supposed by children to
resemble that of the tulip.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tump</b>. A hillock (A.B.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tumpy</b>. Hillocky, uneven (A.)&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tun</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> Chimney, chimney-top (A.B.C.). 'Chimney-tun'
(<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. viii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) <i>v.</i> 'To tun,' or
'to tun in,' to pour liquid through a 'tun-dish' into a cask.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard, Devizes, Huish.)</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Tun-dish</b>, or <b>Tun-bowl</b>. A kind of wooden funnel, like
a small bucket, with hoops round it, and a tube at the
bottom, used for pouring liquids into a cask.&mdash;N.W.
(Devizes, Clyffe Pypard, Huish.) See <cite>Measure for Measure</cite>,
iii. 2.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Turf</b>. Refuse oak-bark from the tanner's, made into cakes for
firing (B.H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W. (Marlborough, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Turn</b> or <b>Torn</b>. A spinning-wheel.&mdash;N.W. (obsolete). This
word frequently occurs in the Mildenhall parish accounts,
as:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1793. To Box and Spokes to Torn, 1<i>s</i>. 2<i>d</i>. To a Standard, hoop
4 spokes to Torn, 1<i>s</i>. 3<i>d</i>. To a Hoop 3 spokes to a Torn, 11 <i>d</i>. To 4 legs
and standard a hope 5 spokes to Sal's Torn, 2<i>s</i>. 7<i>d</i>. To Mending Bery's
Torn, 1<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>. 1784. Paid John Rawlins for a Turn, 3<i>s</i>.'</p>

<p>In 1809-10 the word <i>Turn</i> gives place to <i>Spinning-wheel</i>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Turnpike</b>. A wire set by a poacher across a hare's run
(<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, chs. ii. and vii).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Turvin</b>. See <small>Tuffin</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tutto</b>. See <small>Totty</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tutty</b>. See <small>Totty</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tut-work</b>. Piece-work (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Twinge</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A long flat cake or loaf of bread.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) (2) <i>n.</i> A piece of dough, moulded for
making into bread.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Twire</b>. To look wistfully at anything (A.B.C.). 'How he
did twire an' twire at she, an' her wouldn't so much as
gie 'un a look!' In <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite> the word is said to have
been in common use at that time in N. Wilts.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The wench ... twired and twinkled at him.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Fletcher</span>, <cite>Women
Pleased</cite>, p. 41.</p>

<p>'Compare Prov. Germ, <i>zwiren</i>, to take a stolen glance at a thing.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Twi-ripe</b>. Ripening unevenly (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Twit</b>. In cider-making, the same as <small>Perkins</small>, q.v.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>T'year</b>. This year (A.S.) See <small>To-year</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>U</b>. <i>U</i> is often sounded <i>ow</i>, as <i>fowsty</i>, fusty, <i>dowst</i>, dust, or
chaff.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Uck</b>. This very characteristic N. Wilts verb is used in many
ways. Stable-litter is ucked about with a fork in cleaning
out; weeds are ucked out of a gravel path with an old knife;
a cow ucks another with the thrust of her horn; or a bit of
cinder is ucked out of the eye with a bennet. See <cite>Great
Estate</cite>, ch. iv, where it is said that anything stirred with
a pointed instrument is 'ucked'; also <cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>,
ch. ii. 'It is apparently not a perversion of <i>hook</i>, and should
be compared with <i>huck</i>, to push, lift, gore, Hants; huck,
a hard blow, Suss., and huck, to spread about manure (see
Parish, <cite>Sussex Gloss.</cite>). It is perhaps a by-form of Prov.
<i>hike</i>, to toss, throw, or strike' (Rev. A. Smythe-Palmer).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unbelieving</b>. Of children, disobedient. 'He be that unbelieving,
I can't do nothin' wi' un.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Under-creeping</b>. Underhanded.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unempty</b>, <b>Unempt</b>, <b>Unent</b>. <i>v.</i> To empty (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unked</b> or <b>Hunked</b>. Lonely (A.), but always with an idea of
uncanniness underlying it. ''Tes a unked rwoad to take
late o' nights.' Also <small>Unkid</small>, <small>Unkerd</small> (B.C.), <small>Unkert</small> (C.),
and <small>Unket</small> (B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The gamekeeper ... regards this place as "unkid"&mdash;i.e. weird,
uncanny.'&mdash;<cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. iv.</p>

<p>'Related to uncouth = (1) unknown, (2) strange, uncanny, lonely.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p>

<p>'What be the matter with thuck dog you? How he do howl&mdash;it
sounds main unkid!'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. ix.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Here <i>unkid</i>=ominous and uncanny.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unthaw</b>. To thaw (S.Wr.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Up-along</b>. A little way up the street or road (S.). See
<small>Down-along</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Upping-stock</b>. A horse-block (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Upsides</b>. 'I'll be upzides wi' un!' I'll be even with him
(S)., or a match for him.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>V</b>. Many words, as <i>Voreright</i>, usually pronounced with a V,
will be found under <small>F</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vag</b>. To reap in the modern style, with a broad 'rip-hook'
and a crooked stick, chopping the straw off close to the
ground, so as to leave little or no stubble (<cite>Walks in the
Wheatfields</cite>). True reaping should be done with the hand
instead of the crooked stick.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vagging-hook</b>. The hook used in vagging.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vagging-stick</b>. The crooked stick, usually hazel, with which
the corn is drawn towards the reaper in vagging (<cite>Amateur
Poacher</cite>, ch. iv).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Valiant Sparrow</b>. <i>Yunx torquilla</i>, the Wryneck (<cite>Birds of
Wilts</cite>, p. 257).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vallens</b>. See <small>Falling</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vamp</b>. To walk about (S.). Much more used in Dorset.
'I zeed she a-vamping half round the town.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Vamplets</b>. Rude gaiters to defend the legs from wet (A.H.).
Cf. Bams. Also used in the New Forest. See <cite>Cradock Nowell</cite>,
ch. xviii, 'Not come with me ... and you with your
vamplets on, and all!' where the word is applied to
shooting gaiters.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Veer</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A furrow.&mdash;N.W. (Glouc. bord.) (2) <i>v.</i>
'To veer out the rudges,' to mark out with the plough the
'rudges' or 'lands' before ploughing the whole field.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Veer weather</b>. Chopping, changeable weather.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Veldevare</b> or <b>Veldever</b>. See <small>Velt</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Vell</b>. The salted stomach of a young calf, used for making
rennet.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Velleys</b>. The drain where the eaves of a cottage meet.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Velt</b>. The fieldfare. <i>Turdus pilaris</i> (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. xvi), the
usual name for the bird in N. Wilts, there being a few local
variants, as <small>Vulver</small> at Huish and <small>Veldever</small> at Clyffe
Pypard. Also <small>Veldevare</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Tom was a regular gawney ... and went about wi' a handful o' zalt
to catch the veldevares.'&mdash;<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 177.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vert</b>. See <small>Plim</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Vessel</b>. See quotation.&mdash;N.W. (Castle Eaton.)</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'To wash up the vessel (<i>sing.</i> not <i>pl.</i>) is to wash up plates, dishes,
&amp;c.'&mdash;Miss <span class="smcap">E. Boyer-Brown</span>.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Vinney</b>. (1) <i>adj.</i> Mouldy (A.C.S.), as applied to bread or
cheese. A.S. <i>fynig</i>. <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite> points out that it is
only used of white or blue mould, never of black or rotten
mould. It was said at Hill Deverill of a woman feigning to
be bed-ridden, that 'she would lie there abed till she were
vinney.' See <small>Blue-vinnied</small>. (2) <i>adj.</i> Nervous. 'Do 'ee
stop telling about they ghostises, or 'tull make I vinny.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vlonkers</b>. See <small>Flunk</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vrail</b>. The whip part of the old-fashioned flail.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vrammards</b>, <b>Vrammerd</b>. (1) Order to a horse to go from
you, as opposed to <small>Toward</small>.&mdash;N.W. (2) Hence sometimes
used as <i>adj.</i> by ploughmen and others in speaking of anything
distant or leaning away from them (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. viii),
as a load of hay or corn with a list to the off.&mdash;N.W.
(3) <i>n.</i> A <i>vrammerd</i> is a blade set at right angles on a short
handle, used for splitting laths or rails.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe
Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vrow</b>. See <small>Brow</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Vuddles</b>, <b>Vuddels</b>. A spoilt child (A.B.C.H.). In Hants to
<i>vuddle</i> a child is to spoil it by injudicious petting.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vulver</b>. See <small>Velt</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>W</b>. Often not sounded at the beginning of a word. Thus <i>want</i>,
a mole, becomes '<i>oont</i>, and <i>within</i> and <i>without</i> are usually
<i>athin</i> and <i>athout</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Waddle up</b>. To wrap up with an excess of clumsily arranged
clothing; usually applied to infants.&mdash;N.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Wag</b>. (1) 'To wag the Church bells,' to set them ringing.
Also used of tolling the bell for a funeral.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
(2) To move (S.). 'I be that bad I can't scarce wag.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (3) In carrying, the boy who stands at the
horses' heads, to move them forward as required, is said to
'wag hoss,' and the order given is 'wag on!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Waggon</b>. The various parts of a waggon in N. Wilts bear the
following names:&mdash;the bottom is the <small>Waggon-bed</small>. The
transverse pieces which support this over the <small>Exes</small> (axles)
are the <small>Pillars</small>, <small>Peel</small> (A.). The longitudinal pieces on each
side on which the sides rest are the <small>Waggon-blades</small>. The
similar pieces under the centre of the bed are the <small>Bed-summers</small>.
The cross piece at the back into which the <small>Tail-board</small>
hooks is the <small>Shetlock</small> or <small>Shutleck</small>. The <small>Tail Pole</small> joins
the front and hind wheels together underneath. The <small>Hound</small>
is the fore-carriage over the front wheels. The <small>Slide</small> is the
cross-bar on the tail of the 'Hound.' The <small>Dripple</small> is the strip
running along the top of the side of the waggon from which
over the hind wheels project the <small>Waggon-hoops</small>, and over the
front wheels the <small>Raves</small>. The shafts are the <small>Dills</small> or <small>Thills</small>.
The <small>Parters</small> are detached pieces of wood at the side, joining
the 'Dripple' to the 'Bed.' The <small>Thorough-pin</small> is the pin
which fastens the 'Waggon-bed' to the 'Carriage.' Also see
<small>Arms</small>, <small>Hoops</small>, <small>Overlayer</small>, <small>Sharps</small>, <small>Draughts</small>, <small>Limbers</small>,
<small>Strouter</small>, <small>Ridge-tie</small>, <small>Blades</small>, and <small>Spances</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wagtails</b>. <i>Briza media</i>, L., Quaking Grass.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wag-wants</b>. <i>Briza media</i>, L., Quaking Grass (S.). Also
<small>Weg-wants</small>, <small>Wig-wants</small>, <small>Wing-Wang</small>, and <small>Wagtails</small>.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wake</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> The raked-up line (broader than a hatch or
wallow) of hay before it is made up into pooks (<cite>Wild Life</cite>,
ch. vii).&mdash;N.W. (2) <i>v.</i> To rake hay into wakes (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wake-at-noon</b>. <i>Ornithogalum umbellatum</i>, L., Star of Bethlehem.&mdash;N.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Wallow</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A thin line of hay (<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. iv).
<i>Weale</i> in Dorset. (2) <i>v.</i> To rake hay into lines.&mdash;N.W.
<b>Want</b>. A mole (B.S.); also <small>Woont</small> (B.) and 'oont (Wilts Tales,
p. 173; <cite>Gamekeeper at Home</cite>, ch. ii).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'1620. Itm. to William Gosse for killing of wants, xijd.'&mdash;Records
of Chippenham, p. 202.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Want-catcher</b>, 'oont-catcher. <i>n.</i> A professional mole
catcher.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Want-heap</b>. A mole-hill.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Want-rear</b>. A mole-hill.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Waps</b>, <b>Wopse</b>. A wasp (A.S.). A.S. <i>w&oelig;ps</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Warnd</b>, <b>Warn</b>. To warrant (A.S.). 'You'll get un, I warnd.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Warning-stone</b>. See <small>Gauge-brick</small>. Also see <cite>Addenda</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wart-wort</b>. (1) <i>Chelidonium majus</i>, L., The Greater Celandine,
the juice of which is used to burn away warts.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Euphorbia Peplus</i>, L., Petty Spurge.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wassail</b>. A drinking-song, sung by men who go about at
Christmas wassailing (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wassailing</b>, <b>Waysailing</b>. Going about singing and asking for
money at Christmas (A.B.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Wasset-man</b>. A scarecrow (A.B.G.H.Wr.); also <small>Wusset</small>
(H.Wr.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Watch</b>. If a hay-rick is so badly made that it heats, the owner
is often so ashamed of it that he attempts to set the matter
right before his neighbours find it out. If a passer-by
notices him poking about the hay as if searching for something
in it, the ironical question is asked&mdash;'Have you lost
your watch there?'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) Cp. 'To drop
your watch in the bottom of the rick.'&mdash;<cite>Upton-on-Severn
Words</cite>, p. 34.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Watchet</b>, <b>Wetched</b>, <b>Wetchet</b>. Wet about the feet. <small>Wotshed</small>
at Cherhill. <small>Wetched</small> (A.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Either way, by lane or footpath, you are sure to get what the
country folk call "watchet," i.e. wet.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi.</p>

<p>'You'd best come along o' me to the lower lands ... for it be mighty
wet there these marnins, and ye'll get watshed for certin.'&mdash;<cite>The Story
of Dick</cite>, ch. xii. p. 142.</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Water Anemone</b>. <i>Ranunculus hederaceus</i>, L., Ivy-leafed Crowfoot.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Water-blobb</b>. <i>Nuphar lutea</i>, Sm., The Water-lily (A.B.).
See <small>Blobbs</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Water-buttercup</b>. <i>Ranunculus Flammula</i>, L., Lesser Spear-wort.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Water-Cuckoo</b>. <i>Cardamine pratensis</i>, L., Lady's Smock. See
<small>Cuckoo</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Water-lily</b>. (1) <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. *(2) <i>Ranunculus aquatilis</i>, L., Water Crowfoot.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton All Saints.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Wayside-bread</b>. <i>Plantago major</i>, L., Plantain (<cite>English Plant
Names</cite>). Cp. M.E. <i>wey-brede</i> in the 'Promptorium.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weather-glass</b>. <i>Anagallis arvensis</i>, L., Scarlet Pimpernel.
See <small>Shepherd's Weather-glass</small>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weeth</b>. (i) <i>adj.</i> Tough and pliable (A.B.C.S.).&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>adj.</i> Of bread, moist and yet not too soft. 'I puts my
lease bread on the pantony shelf, and it soon gets nice and
weeth.' Often pronounced as <i>wee</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weffet</b>, <b>Wevet</b>. A spider.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weg-wants</b>. See <small>Wag-wants</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weigh-jolt</b>. A see-saw (A.B.H.Wr.).&mdash;Formerly in common
use at Clyffe Pypard, N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Welch-nut</b>. A walnut (<cite>MS. Lansd.</cite>).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Well-at-ease</b>. In good health, hearty.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Well-drock</b>. The windlass over a well.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>West</b> (pronounced <i>Waast</i>). A stye in the eye. See <small>Wish</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wheat-reed</b>. Straw preserved unthreshed for thatching (D.).
See <small>Elms</small> and <small>Reed</small>.&mdash;S.W., obsolete.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang">*<b>Wheeling</b>. 'It rains wheeling,' i.e. hard or pouring.&mdash;N.W.
(Lockeridge.)
<b>Whicker</b>, <b>Wicker</b>. (1) To neigh or whinny as a horse,
bleat as a goat, whine as a dog, &amp;c. (S.; <cite>Village Miners</cite>; <cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 114).&mdash;N.W. (2) To giggle.&mdash;N.W.
*(3) 'To find a wicker's nest,' to be seized with
an irrepressible fit of giggling (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Whip land</b>. Land not divided by meres, but measured out,
when ploughed, by the whip's length (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whippence</b>. The fore-carriage of a plough or harrow, &amp;c. (D.).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whipwhiles</b>. Meanwhile (S.). A Somersetshire word.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whissgig</b>. (1) <i>v.</i> To lark about. Wissgigin, larking (S.).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>n.</i> A lark, a bit of fun or tomfoolery.
'Now, none o' your whissgigs here!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whissgiggy</b>. <i>adj.</i> Frisky, larky.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>White</b>. 'Cow white'=cow in milk. 'Calf white'=sucking
calf.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'All the small tithes such as wool and lamb, cow white and calf &amp;c.
throughout all parts of the parish unexpressed in the several foregoing
particulars. The usual rates at present being fourpence a cow white&mdash;sixpence
a calf ... the sheep, lambs and calves are due at St. Mark's
tide&mdash;the cow white, and fatting cattle at Lammas.'&mdash;<cite>Hilmarton Parish
Terrier</cite>, 1704. See <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxiv. p. 126.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">Usually defined as above, but perhaps more correctly written
as <i>cow-wite</i> and <i>calf-wite</i>, i.e. the mulct or payment for a cow
or calf.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Tythes of Wool and Lambs and Calves, and three half pence which
is due and payable at Lammas being Composition Money for the Tythe
White of every Cow.'&mdash;<cite>Wilcot Parish Terrier</cite>, 1704.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">As regards the ordinary derivation, compare <i>white-house</i>,
a dairy, <i>white-meat</i>, milk, <i>whites</i>, milk.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Wheatly (<cite>On the Common Prayer</cite>, ed. 1848, pp. 233-4) quotes from a
letter of one G. Langbain, 1650, as follows:&mdash;"certe quod de Lacte
vaccarum refert, illud percognitum habeo in agro <i>Hamtoniensi</i> (an et
alibi nescio) decimas Lacticiniorum venire vulgo sub hoc nomine, <i>The
Whites of Kine</i>; apud Leicestrenses etiam Lacticinia vulgariter dicuntur
<i>Whitemeat</i>."'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Smythe-Palmer.</span></p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>White Couch</b>. See <small>Couch</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>White-flower</b>. <i>Stellaria Holostea</i>, L., Greater Stitchwort.&mdash;N.W.
(Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>White-house</b>. A dairy (H.Wr.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>White-livered</b>. Pale and unhealthy-looking (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.
At Clyffe Pypard the word has a yet stronger idea of disease
about it, and a 'white-livered' woman is popularly supposed
to be almost as dangerous as was the poison-nurtured Indian
beauty who was sent as a present to Alexander the Great.
How the 'whiteness' of the liver is to be detected is not
very clear, but probably it is by the pallor of the face. At
any rate, if you discover that a young woman is 'white-livered,'
do not on any account marry her, because the whiteness
of the liver is of a poisonous nature, and you assuredly
will not live long with a white-livered young woman for your
wife. It is most unhealthy, and if <em>she</em> does not die, <em>you</em> will!
The word is so used of both sexes.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>White Robin Hood</b>. <i>Silene inflata</i>, L., Bladder Campion.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>White-wood</b>. <i>Viburnum Lantana</i>, L., Mealy Guelder-rose.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.) <small>White-weed</small>.&mdash;S.W. (Farley).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Whitty-tree</b>. <i>Viburnum Lantana</i>, L. (Aubrey, <cite>Nat. Hist.
Wilts</cite>, p. 56, ed. Brit.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whiver</b>. (1) To quiver, hover, flutter. <small>Wiver</small> (S.).&mdash;S.W.
(2) To waver, hesitate.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Who'say</b>, <b>Hoosay</b>. An idle report.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wicker</b>. See <small>Whicker</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wig-wants</b>. See <small>Wag-wants</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wild Asparagus</b>. <i>Ornithogalum pyrenaicum</i>, L., Spiked Star
of Bethlehem.&mdash;S.W. (Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wildern</b> (<i>i</i> short). An apple-tree run wild in the hedges, as
opposed to a true crab-tree.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Wild Willow</b>. <i>Epilobium hirsutum</i>, L., Great Hairy Willow-herb
(<cite>Great Estate</cite>, ch. ii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Will-jill</b>. An impotent person or hermaphrodite.&mdash;N.W.
Compare <i>Wilgil</i> and <i>John-and-Joan</i> in Hal.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Willow-wind</b>. (1) <i>Convolvulus</i>, Bindweed (<cite>Great Estate</cite>,
ch. viii). (2) <i>Polygonum Fagopyrum</i>, L., Buckwheat (<i>Ibid.</i>).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wiltshire Weed, The</b>. The Common Elm. See notice in
<cite>Athenaeum</cite>, 1873, of Jefferies' <cite>Goddard Memoir</cite>, also <cite>Wilts
Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. x. p. 160. This is a term frequently
occurring in books and articles on Wilts, but it would not be
understood by the ordinary Wiltshire folk.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wim</b>. To winnow.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wind-mow</b>. A cock of a waggon-load or more, into which
hay is sometimes put temporarily in catchy weather (D.),
containing about 15 cwt. in N. Wilts, and a ton elsewhere.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wing-wang</b>. See <small>Wag-wants</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Winter-proud</b>. Of wheat, too rank (D.), as is frequently the
case after a mild winter. See <small>Proud</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wirral</b>, <b>Worral</b>, or <b>Wurral</b>. <i>Ballota nigra</i>, L., Black Horehound.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wish</b>, <b>Wisp</b>. A sty in the eye.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wissgigin</b>. See <small>Whissgig</small> (1).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Withwind</b>, or <b>Withwine</b>. <i>Convolvulus sepium</i>, L., Great Bindweed,
and other species (A.B.D.S.). <small>Wave-wine</small> or <small>Wither-wine</small>
(<cite>Cycl. of Agric.</cite>); <small>Withywind</small> on Som. border.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wivel</b>, <b>Wyvel</b>. To blow as wind does round a corner or
through a hole.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wivelly</b>, or <b>Wivel-minded</b>. Undecided, wavering, fickle, and
untrustworthy (<cite>Village Miners</cite>).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wiver</b>. See <small>Whiver</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Womble</b>. <i>v.</i> To wobble about from weakness, &amp;c. (<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. iv,
where it is used of children who come to school without
having had any breakfast).&mdash;N. &amp;. S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wombly</b>. <i>adj.</i> Wobbly (<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. iv).</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Wonderment</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A sight or pastime of any kind.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>n.</i> Any occupation that appears fanciful and
unpractical to the rustic mind. Thus a boy who had a turn
for inventions, drawing, verse-making, butterfly-collecting,
or anything else of a similar nature which lies outside the
ordinary routine of a labourer's daily life, would be described
as always 'aater his 'oonderments.'&mdash;N.W. (3) <i>v.</i> To play
the fool, waste time over unprofitable work.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Wood-sour</b>. <i>adj.</i> Of soil, loose, spongy. Also <small>Woodsere</small>.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The strong red land on the high level parts of the Downs ... once
wood-land, and sometimes expressly called "wood-sour" land.'&mdash;<cite>Agric.
of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii.</p>

<p>'A poor wood-sere land very natural for the production of oaks.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey</span>,
<cite>Miscell</cite>. p. 211.</p>

<p>'It is a wood-sere country abounding much with sour and austere
plants.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey</span>, <cite>Nat. Hist. of Wilts</cite>, p. 11, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Wood-wax</b>. *(1) <i>Genista tinctoria</i>, L., Dyer's Greenweed
(D.), Aubrey's <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, pp. 34 and 49, ed. Brit.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W. (2) <i>Genista Anglica</i>, L., Needle Whin.&mdash;S.W.
(Farley.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wooset</b>. See <small>Houssett</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wooster-blister</b>. A smack in the face or box on the ear.&mdash;S.W.
(Som. bord.) Cf. Som. <small>Whister-twister</small>, and Dev.
<small>Whister-poop</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Works</b>. In a water-meadow, the system of trenches and
carriages by which the water is brought in and distributed
(<cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, ch. xii).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Worsen</b>. <i>v.</i> To grow worse. 'You be worsened a deal since
I seen 'ee laast, I d' lot as you bean't a gwain' to live long.'&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wosbird</b>. A term of reproach (A.),=<i>whore's brood</i>. There are
many variants, as <small>Hosebird</small>, <small>Husbird</small>, and <small>Oozebird</small>. Much
commoner in Devon.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'They're a couple o' th' ugliest wosbirds in the vair.'&mdash;Wilts Tales,
p. 89.</p></blockquote>

<p class="ind2">In his <cite>Dictionary of Provincial English</cite>, Wright defines this
as 'a wasp,' a mistake too amusing to be passed over!
Probably his informant heard a rustic who had got into
a wasp's nest, and been badly stung, 'danging they wosbirds,'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>
and on asking what he meant by 'wosbirds' was told that
they were the 'wopses,' and not unnaturally concluded that
the two words were synonyms.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wout</b>. A carter's order to a horse to bear off. The opposite
to Coom hether.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wrap</b>. <i>n.</i> A thin strip of wood. See <small>Rap</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wrastle</b>. To spread, as cancer, fire, roots, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'These fires are, or were, singularly destructive in villages&mdash;the
flames running from thatch to thatch, and, as they express it, "wrastling"
across the intervening spaces. A pain is said to "wrastle," or
shoot and burn.'&mdash;<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. iv. p. 68.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Wreaths</b>. The long rods used in hurdle-making (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wrick</b>, <b>Rick</b>. To twist or wrench. 'I've bin an' wricked
me ankly.' M.E. <i>wrikken</i>.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wridgsty</b>. See <small>Ridge-tie</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wrist</b>. To twist, especially used of wringing the neck of
a rabbit or fowl (<cite>Amateur Poacher</cite>, ch. xi).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wug</b>, <b>Woog</b>. Order to a horse (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wusset</b>. See <small>Wasset-man</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wusted</b>. Looking very ill, grown worse.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Y</b>. Many words beginning with H, G, or a vowel, are usually
sounded with Y prefixed, as <i>Yacker</i>, acre; <i>Yeppern</i>, apron;
<i>Yat</i>, or <i>Yeat</i>, gate; <i>Yeldin</i>, a hilding; and <i>Yerriwig</i>,
earwig.</p>

<p class="ind2">Verbs ending in <i>y</i> often drop that letter. Thus empty
and study become <i>empt</i> and <i>stud</i>.</p>

<p class="ind2">The free infinitive in <i>y</i> was formerly much used, but is
now dying out. It was used in a general question, as 'Can
you <i>mowy</i>?' Were a special piece of work referred to,
<i>mowy</i> would not be correct, the question then being simply
'Can you <i>mow</i> thuck there meäd?'</p>

<p class="ind2">The following example of the 'free infinitive' is given
in <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite>:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'There is also here a Peculiar mode of forming active verbs from
Nouns, which are generally in use as apellations for professions&mdash;take<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>
an Example. Well Mary, how do you get on in Life? what do you
and your family do <em>now</em> to get a Living in these times&mdash;Wy Zur we do
aal vind Zummut to do&mdash;Jan, ye know, he do <i>Smithey</i> [work as a smith]
Jin the beggist wench do spinney the Little one do Lace makey&mdash;I
do <i>Chorey</i> [go out as a Chore Woman] and the two Boys do Bird
keepey&mdash;that is One works as a smith&mdash;one spins one makes Lace one
goes out as a Chore woman &amp; two are Bird keepers which Latter term
were more to the purpose if expressed Bird frightener or driver.'</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Yap</b>, <b>Yop</b>. (1) To yelp as a dog (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2)
To talk noisily. 'What be a yopping there for?'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Yard-land</b>. Land sufficient for a plough of oxen and a yard
to winter them; an ancient copyhold tenure (D.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Yard of land</b>. A quarter of an acre, because formerly, in
common lands forty poles long, the quarter acre was a land-yard
wide (D.).&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yea-nay</b>. 'A yea-nay chap,' one who does not know his own
mind.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yeemath</b>. Aftermath (B.). <small>Youmath</small> (A.B.). <small>Yeomath</small>
(A.H.Wr.). Probably = <i>young math</i>, cp. <i>young grass</i> in
W. Somerset. Cp. <small>Ea-math</small>, <small>Ameäd</small> at Cherhill, <small>Ea-grass</small> in
S. Wilts.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yees</b>. An earthworm. See <small>Eass</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yelding</b>, <b>Yeldin</b>. n. A hilding (A): a woman of bad character
(<cite>Wilts Tales</cite>, p. 3).&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I've allus bin respectable wi' my women volk, and I wun't ha'e no
yeldin' belongin' to ma.'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. xix.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Yellucks</b>. See <small>Hullocky</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yelm</b>, <b>Yelms</b>. See <small>Elms</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Yellow-cups</b>. Buttercups in general.&mdash;S.W. (Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yellow-Thatch</b>. <i>Lathyrus pratensis</i>, L., Meadow Vetchling.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Yoke</b>. See <small>Fork</small> (<cite>Wild Life</cite>, ch. vi).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yop</b>. See <small>Yap</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>You</b>. This word is often thrown in at the end of a sentence,
sometimes as a kind of query&mdash;'Don't you think so?'&mdash;but
usually to give a strong emphasis to some assertion.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'A' be a featish-looking girl, you.'&mdash;<cite>Greene Ferne Farm</cite>, ch. i.</p>

<p>'Fine growing marning, you.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i> ch. i.</p>

<p>'That be a better job than ourn, you.'&mdash;<cite>Hodge and his Masters</cite>, ch. vii.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Yuckel</b>, <b>Yuckle</b>. A woodpecker (A.H.Wr.). So called from
its cry, <i>Yuc</i>, <i>yuc</i>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yaught</b>, <b>Yawt</b>. To swallow, to drink. 'There's our Bill&mdash;he
can yaught down drenk like anything,' or 'He can
yaught a deal.'&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, Huish, &amp;c.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Z</b>. Among the old people <i>S</i> is still usually sounded as <i>Z</i>, as
<i>Zaat</i> or <i>Zate</i>, soft; <i>Zound</i>, to swoon; <i>Zorrens</i>, servings, &amp;c.
See <i>S</i> for many such instances.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Zaad-paul</b>. This term used to be commonly applied about
Aldbourne to an utterly good-for-nothing fellow, but is
gradually dying out now. It probably means 'soft head.'
See <small>Saat</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Zam</b>. To heat anything for some time over the fire, without
letting it come to the boil.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Zammy</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A simpleton, a soft-headed fellow (S.).&mdash;S.W.
*(2) <i>adj.</i> 'Zammy tea,' half-cold, insipid tea.&mdash;N.W.
(Hullavington.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Zam-zodden</b>. Long-heated over a slow fire, and so half
spoilt. This and the last two words belong to Som. rather
than Wilts. A.S. <i>s&#257;m-soden</i>, half boiled.&mdash;N.W. (Malmesbury.)</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span></p>




<h2><a name="ADDENDA" id="ADDENDA">ADDENDA</a></h2>


<p class="hang"><b>Afterclaps</b>. Consequences, results. <small>Atterclaps</small> (S.).&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>All-amang</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Zweethearts, an wives, an children young,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Like sheep at vair, be ael among.'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="signature">
<span class="smcap">E. Slow</span>, <cite>Smilin Jack</cite>.<br />
</p>

<p class="hang"><b>All as is</b>. All there is to be said, the final word in the matter.
Used when giving a very peremptory order to a labourer to
carry out your instructions without any further question.
'Aal as is as you've a-got to do be to volly on hoein' they
turmuts till I tells 'ee to stop!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Along of</b>. (1) On account of. ''Twer aal along o' she's
bwoy's bad ways as her tuk to drenk.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (2) In
company with. 'Here, you just coom whoam along o' I,
an I'll gie 'ee summut to arg about!'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Aloud</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Altrot</b>. <i>Heracleum Sphondylium</i>, L., Cow-parsnip. See <small>Eltrot</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(Zeals.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Apple-scoop</b>. A kind of scoop or spoon, made from the
knuckle-bone of a leg of mutton, and used for eating apples,
the flavour of which it is supposed to improve.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>At</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Away with</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Babes-in-the-Cradle</b>. <i>Scrophularia aquatica</i>, L., Water Figwort.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bachelor's Buttons</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(3) <i>Aquilegia vulgaris</i>, L., Garden
Columbine.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Back-friends</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bag</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bake-faggot</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bannix</b>. To drive away poultry, or to hunt them about. 'Go
an' bannix they vowls out.' 'Dwon't bannix about they
poor thengs like that!'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Barley-buck</b>. A boy's game, played by guessing at the number
of fingers held up.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bash</b>, <b>Bashet</b>. At Harnham, Salisbury, a small raised footpath
is known as the Bashet, while at Road certain houses
built on the upper side of a similar footpath, close to the
boundary line dividing Wilts and Somerset, are spoken of
as being 'on the Bash.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bay</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bayle</b>. Some plant which we cannot identify.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In this ground [near Kington St. Michael, grows] bayle.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 49, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Bee-hackle</b>. The straw covering of a hive. See <small>Hackle</small> (2)&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Belly-vengeance</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Also used of very inferior cider.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bennets</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bird's-eye</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(4) <i>Veronica Buxbaumii</i>, Ten., Buxbaum's
Speedwell.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bivery</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bleat</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Blicker</b>. To shine intermittently, to glimmer. 'I zeen a light
a blickerin' droo th' tallot dwoor.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blind-house</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;N. &amp; S.W., obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Blooms</b>. Flushes in the face. 'Ther you knaws as I do allus
get the hot blooms ter'ble bad.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bolster-pudding</b>. A roly-poly pudding.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bookin</b>'. See <small>Buck</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bossy</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Boys</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brash</b>, <b>Braish</b>. Of weather, cold and bracing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brashy</b>. Full of small stones and grit. 'Th' vier wer ter'ble
braishy 'smarnin',' the coal was bad and stony.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Bread-and-Cheese</b>. (3) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Break</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Still used in this sense at Deverill, S.W.
(2) Of a spring, to rise.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'When the springs doe breake in Morecombe-bottom, in the north
side of the parish of Broade Chalke, which is seldome, 'tis observed
that it foretells a deer yeare for corne.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>,
p. 34, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Breeding-bag</b>. The ovary of a sow.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brevet</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;'Brevettin' into other folks' business.'&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Brimmer</b>. A broad-brimmed hat.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brit</b>, <b>Brittle out</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Broken-mouthed</b>. Children are said to be 'broken-mouthed,'
when they are losing their teeth.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Broom</b>. 'I bain't a-gwain to hang out the broom,' I intend to
be very particular as to character, &amp;c., before engaging any
servants or labourers.&mdash;N.W. (Wedhampton.) In Berks,
'to hang th' brum out o' winder,' means that the wife is
away, and so the husband is at liberty to entertain any
bachelor friends of his who like to drop in.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buck</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;At Deverill 'Bookin'' is used instead, a 'good
bookin' o' clothes' being a large wash.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buck-hearted</b>. Of cabbages, the same as <small>Crow-hearted</small>.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Budget</b>. The leather pouch in which a mower carries his
whetstone.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Bunt-lark</b>. The Common Bunting.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Buttercup</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;N.W. (Huish); S.W. (Charlton.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Butter-flower</b>. <i>Caltha palustris</i>, L., Marsh Marigold.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The watered meadows all along from Marleborough to Hungerford,
Ramesbury, and Littlecot, at the later end of April, are yellow with
butter flowers.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 51, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Buzzel-hearted</b>. A cabbage or broccoli plant that has lost its
eye is said to be 'buzzel-hearted.' Compare <small>Crow-hearted</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Caddling</b>. <i>Under</i> (3) <i>add</i>:&mdash;'A caddlin' place' is one where
as soon as a servant begins one piece of work he or she is
called off to another, and can never get a chance of finishing
anything off satisfactorily.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Call over</b>. To publish the banns.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Callus</b> or <b>Callis</b>. <i>v.</i> To become hard, as soil in frosty weather:
to cake together (<cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite> vol. xxii. p. 109).&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cank</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(2) <i>n.</i> Idle gossip.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Canker</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Also <small>Cankie</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cankers</b>. 'The baby hev a-got the cankers,' viz. white-mouth
or thrush.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Carpet</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cart</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chap</b>. <i>Add as example</i>:&mdash;'Hev 'ee zeed how thuck ther ground
is aal chapped wi' th' dry weather? They chaps be so gashly
big, the young pa'tridges 'ull purty nigh vall in.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chin-cough</b>. The whooping cough.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chip</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;See Davis's <cite>Agric. of Wilts</cite>, p. 262.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clacker</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) A couple of pieces of wood, rattled together
to scare birds off the crops.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clam</b>. (1) To over-fill and choke up anything, as a water-pipe.
The throat sometimes gets quite 'clammed up' with
phlegm.&mdash;N.W. (2) To surfeit any one with food.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clamp about</b>. To stump about noisily.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clean-and-wholly</b>. Entirely. ''Tes aal gone clean-an'-wholly
out o' she's yead!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cleaty</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clinkerballs</b>. Balls of dried dung or dirt in a sheep's wool.&mdash;S.W.
(Wilton, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cloddy</b>. <i>Add as example</i>:&mdash;'He's a cloddy sart o' a chap.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clogweed</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) <i>Arctium Lappa</i>, L., Burdock.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cludgy</b>. Clingy, sticky; used especially of bad bread.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Collets</b>. Young cabbage plants. A man will say in spring,
'I got a good lot o' collets, but they bean't cabbages.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Come away</b>. To spring up.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Owing to the long drought [barley] came away from the ground
at different periods, which will, without doubt, materially injure the
sample for malting purposes.'&mdash;<cite>Devizes Gazette</cite>, June 22, 1893.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Comical</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Round Warminster everything but a tom-cat
is <i>he</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Conigre</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Other localities which may be noted are
Blacklands, Winterbourne Bassett, and Mildenhall. See
Smith's <cite>Antiq. N. Wilts</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Conks</b>, <b>Conkers</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.) (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Count</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Coward</b>. <i>Dele</i> *, and <i>add</i>:&mdash;Clyffe Pypard.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cow-down</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;On the Ordnance Map there are 'Cow-downs'
marked at Deverill, Wylye, Steeple Langford, and
Westbury.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Creeping Jane</b>. <i>Lysimachia Nummularia</i>, L., Moneywort.&mdash;N.W.
(Heddington.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Creep-mouse</b>. To play 'creep-mouse,' to tickle babies and
make them laugh.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Criddlin Pudden</b>. A kind of pudding, made of the nubbly
bits left over when pigs' fleck has been boiled and pounded
and strained. <i>Crittens</i> in Berks.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Crutch</b>. (1) A large earthen jar, such as butter is potted
in. Cf. Critch.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W. (Clyffe Pypard.) (2) A cheese-pan.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Cuckoo-pint</b>. <i>Cardamine pratensis</i>, L., Lady's smock.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Daffy</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Devil's-ring</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Devourous</b>. Ravenous.&mdash;N.W. (Berks bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dicky-birds</b>. After S.W. <i>add</i>:&mdash;(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dillcup</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(2) <i>Ranunculus acris</i>, L., Meadow Crowfoot.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton, Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Do</b>. To thrive (used reflexively). 'He does (<i>o</i> pronounced as
in the infinitive) hissel well, dwon't he?' said of an animal
that does credit to its owner by the way in which it thrives.&mdash;N.
&amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Doer</b>. A pig that thrives well, even on poor food, is a 'good
doer,' while a 'bad doer' refuses to fatten, give it what you
will.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog, how beest</b>? <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Also used at Deverill, S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dog-in-a-blanket</b>. A roly-poly pudding&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dough-fig</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Down-lanterns</b>. Heaps of chalk, marking the tracks from
village to village over the downs, to prevent people going
astray at night.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drashel</b>. <i>Dele</i>:&mdash;As two men generally work together.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Draw-sheave</b>. (Pronounced <i>Draa-sheave</i>.) A wheelwright's
draw-knife.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Druck</b>. n. 'A druck of people,' a great crowd.&mdash;S.W.
(Wilton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Drug</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.) (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Drugshoe</small> at
Deverill, S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Duck's-frost</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Ironically used at Deverill, as, 'Ther'll
be a frost to-night.' 'Ah, a duck's-frost,' viz. none at all.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dumble</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Dummil</small> (C.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch-dumpling</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Elm-stock</b> (<i>Yelm-stock</i>). A forked stick for carrying straw for
thatching.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Enemy</b>. <i>Anemone nemorosa</i>, L., Wood Anemone. So generally
used in Wilts that it seems advisable to note it, in spite of
its being a mere corruption.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ent</b>. See <small>Ploughing terms</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Faggot</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Used as a general term of abuse.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Falling</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;This requires some slight modification. 'We'm
a-gwain to ha' a vallen' seems to be restricted to snow; but
when there is some doubt as to what sort of weather is
coming, the phrase would be 'A vallen o' zum zart,' or 'zum
vallen,' thus covering snow, rain, or hail.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Feggy</b>. Fair.&mdash;N.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Their persons [in North Wilts] are generally plump and feggy.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 11, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Fiddler's-money</b>. Small change (threepenny and fourpenny
bits).&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Fiddle-sticks</b>. <i>Scrophularia aquatica</i>, L., Water Figwort.&mdash;S.W.
(Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fighting-cocks</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, L., Ribwort Plantain.&mdash;S.W.
(Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Firk</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flashy heats</b>. Hot flushes, that come and go when one is
feverish and weak, as a woman after her confinement.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flask</b>. A limp straw-basket used to carry food and tools.
Used in Glouc.&mdash;S.W., occasionally.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flip</b>, <b>Flip-tongued</b>. Smooth-spoken, glib.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Folly</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;In Berks the word is frequently applied to
a round clump of fir-trees on a hill.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>For</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Friggle</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)
*<b>Furze-tacker</b> (<i>Vuzz-tacker</i>). <i>Saxicola rubetra</i>, the Whinchat.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Fussicky</b>. Fussy, fidgetty.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Gallows-gate</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gawley</b>. <i>adj.</i> Patchy: used especially of root-crops that grow
unequally.&mdash;S.W., in common use.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gay</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) In good health. 'I do veel main gay
agean 'smarnin', but I wur gashly bad aal laas' wick wi' th'
rheumatiz.'&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Get out</b>. To 'get out' a drawn or carriage in the water
meadows is to clean it well out and make up the banks.
To 'get out' a set of posts and rails is to cut them out
and prepare them for putting up.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gibbles</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Underground Onions.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gilliflower-grass</b>. <i>Carex glauca</i>, L., and <i>Carex panicea</i>, L.&mdash;N.W.,
obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In Bradon Forest growes ... a blew grasse they call July-flower
grasse, which cutts the sheepes mouthes, except in the spring.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 49, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gipsy-nut</b>s. Hips and haws.&mdash;S.W. (near Trowbridge.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Girls</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Good liver</b>. A person who lives an exceptionally good and
pious life.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Good-living</b>. Leading a very pious life. 'Her wur allus
a good-living sart o' a 'ooman.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grained</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Grinted</small> in Berks.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gramfer</b> (or <b>Granfer</b>) <b>Grig</b>. A woodlouse. At Deverill, S.W.,
children try to charm it into curling up, when held in the
hand, by singing:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Granfer Grig killed a pig,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Hung un up in corner;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Granfer cried and Piggy died,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">And all the fun was over.'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Granny</b> (or <b>Granny's</b>) <b>Nightcap</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(5) <i>Geum rivale</i>,
L., Water Avens.&mdash;S.W. (Little Langford.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Grigger cake</b>. Fine paste spread thin like a pancake, and
baked on a gridiron over a mass of glowing wood-coals.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ground</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Gubbarn</b>. <i>Dele</i> 'Should not this be <i>adj.</i> instead of <i>n.</i>?' and
<i>add</i>:&mdash;Also used in Glouc. as a noun.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Guss</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Hack</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;To hoe; frequently used in S. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hackle</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Hackle</small>, and sometimes <small>Shackle</small>, are used
at Deverill, while elsewhere in S. Wilts <small>Bee-hackle</small> is the
word employed.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hames</b>. <i>Dele</i> 'in drawing,' and add 'with staples to take the
traces.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand</b>. (3) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hand-staff</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanging-post</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill), where <small>Har</small> is seldom
used.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hanglers</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;In Deverill, a hook used for this purpose is
known as 'a hangles.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Har</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill, occasionally.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Harl</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Hardle</small> is also used in S. Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Harvest-man</b>. A kind of Spider with long legs.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heal</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;A house is said to be 'unhealed,' or uncovered,
when the thatch has been stripped off by a storm.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hearken-back</b>. To recall.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heartless</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heaver</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;'Van, heavier, caffin or caving rudder, the
winnowing fan and tackle' (D.).</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hill-trot</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(3) <i>Anthriscus sylvestris</i>, Hoffm., Wild
Beaked-Parsley.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hitch off</b>. To release horses from work.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Honey-pot</b>. A children's game, in which one child lifts
another.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hop-about</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hopped</b>. Cracked, as a boiler, by heat.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Huck down</b>. To beat down in bargaining. 'I hucked un
down vrom vive shillin' to vower an' zix.' Formerly used
at Clyffe Pypard, but not known there now.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Huckmuck</b>. (3) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill). <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(4)
<i>v.</i> To mess about.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hun-barrow</b> (or <b>-barrer</b>). A tumulus.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Hunger-bane</b>. To starve to death. See <small>Bane</small>.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'At Bradfield and Dracot Cerne is such vitriolate earth ... [which]
makes the land so soure, it bears sowre and austere plants ... At
summer it hunger-banes the sheep: and in winter it rotts them.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 35, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Idle</b>. Full of fun.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>It</b>. Sometimes used in a peculiar way, as 'We'm best be
gwain, hadn't it?' or, 'We can aal on us ha' a holiday
to-day, can't it?'&mdash;S.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Jack-and-his-team</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill); also <small>Jack-and-his-team-goin'-to-pit</small>,
the constellation's motion seeming to
be from Deverill towards Radstock collieries, as if it were
a farmer's team going by night to fetch coal thence.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jag</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) 'Wull, to be shower, they chrysantums is
beautiful! They be aal in a jag!' i.e. all out in large
heads of flowers.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Jerry-shop</b>. A 'Tommy-shop,' conducted on the truck system,
now illegal. Much used about Swindon at the time the
railway was being made there.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Jiffle</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Mr. F. M. Willis writes us that he once heard
this word used in connexion with a horse, when a bad rider
who was pulling its head about was told not to jiffle it.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Job</b>, or <b>Jobble about</b>. To do little jobs. 'I cain't do moor'n
jobble about now.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>July-flower grass</b>. See *<small>Gillyflower-grass</small>.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Kiss-me-quick</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Lady-cow</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lily</b>, or <b>Lilies</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(3) <i>Ranunculus aquatilis</i>, L., Water
Crowfoot.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Linnard</b>. A linnet, as 'a brown linnard,' 'a green linnard.'
Formerly used at Clyffe Pypard, where, however, it is obsolete,
the pronunciation there now being distinctly <i>Linnut</i>. Conversely,
<i>orchard</i> becomes <i>archet</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard, &amp;c.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Long-winded</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lords-and-Ladies</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;The purple spadices are the 'Lords,'
and the yellow or very light-coloured ones the 'Ladies.'</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Maggotty-pie</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;At Deverill, thirty years ago, there
was a nursery rhyme as follows:&mdash;</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Hushaby, baby, the beggar shan't have 'ee,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">No more shall the maggotty-pie;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">The rooks nor the ravens shan't carr' thee to heaven,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">So hushaby, baby, by-by.'<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="hang"><b>Mandrake</b>. <i>Bryonia dioica</i>, L., White Bryony. The root is
popularly supposed to be Mandrake.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard,
Heddington.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mask</b>. To collect acorns. A variant of <i>mast</i>.&mdash;N.W. (Potterne.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Melt</b>. The spleen of a pig, which forms a favourite dish when
stuffed.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Milkmaid's-Way</b>. The Milky Way.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mimp</b>. To make believe, to sham. 'Look at she a-settin' up
ther, mimpin'!' idling, playing the fine lady.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Min</b>. An exclamation, used like '<i>snaw</i>, as 'I'll ketch thee,
min!'=Note that well. See Barnes, <cite>Glossary to Poems</cite>.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Monkey Must</b>. <i>Melampyrum arvense</i>, L., Cow-wheat.&mdash;N.W.
(Heddington.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mump</b>. To sulk. 'How ter'ble mumping she do look!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="p2 hang"><b>Nammet-bag</b>. A luncheon-bag.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Neck-headland</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Common at Deverill.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Noddy</b>. Weakly, ailing.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nog</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Also used of a lump of cheese, &amp;c.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Not-cow</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nuncheon</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;About Salisbury Nuncheon is between 10
and 10.30 a.m., and again at 4 p.m., and is a very small
meal, merely a piece of bread and glass of beer, while
Nammet is at 12, and is equivalent to dinner.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Off</b>. 'A can't be off puttin' up a covey o' pa'tridges, if so be
as a goes whoam athert Four-Acre,' i.e. he cannot possibly
help doing it.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Out</b>. <i>n.</i> The outcome or result of an attempt to do a thing.
'A offered vor to do some draishin', but a made a ter'ble poor
out on't,' i.e. he had little to show for his labour.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Parson's nose</b>. A goose's tail, when served up at table.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Peter Grievous</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Children who look as if they thought
themselves sadly 'put upon' by their elders are said to be
'Peter-grievous.'</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Pigs</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;In Berks woodlice are called <i>Church-pigs</i>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pimple</b>, <b>Pumple</b>. The head. Used by children.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill).</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pisty-poll</b>. A child riding with his legs on your shoulders is
said to be carried 'a pisty-poll.'&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><b>Ploughing terms</b>. The first furrows ploughed are those
'veered out' to mark the 'lands.' On each side of this
'veering out' furrow a fresh furrow is ploughed, turning
the earth into it. This is 'topping up,' or 'shutting the
top up,' and becomes the centre and highest point of the
'land.' When the 'lands' have been all but ploughed, there
remains between them a strip, two furrows wide, still unploughed.
This is 'the Ent,' and is halved by the plough,
one half being turned up one way, and the other half the
other way. There remains then a furrow just twice the
ordinary width. The plough is taken down this, and half
of it is turned up again on one side, the result being a narrow
furrow some inches deeper than any other, called the 'Zid-furrer'
or Seed-furrow.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plumb</b>. 'A plumb man,' an upright man, one who always
keeps his word.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Polly Dishwasher</b>. <i>Motacilla</i>, The Wagtail.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Pot-hangel</b>. The same as Hanglers, q.v.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Prick-timber</b>. <i>Euonymus Europaeus</i>, L., Spindle-tree.&mdash;N. &amp;
S.W., obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Prick-timber ... is common, especially in North Wilts. The
butchers doe make skewers of it,&mdash;because it doth not taint the meate
as other wood will doe: from whence it hath the name of prick-timber.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 56, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Purry</b>. Turnips sometimes get quite 'purry,' i.e. become
spongy and bad and full of holes. Perhaps a contraction of
<i>purrished</i> (perished).&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Quag</b>. <i>n.</i> A shake, a state of trembling. 'He's all of a quag
with fear.'&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Quean</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quob</b>. (2) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quobble</b>. <i>n.</i> and <i>v.</i> After being a long while at the wash-tub
a woman's hands are apt to get 'all in a quobble,' or
'ter'ble quobbled,' that is, shrivelled and drawn and wrinkled
up. See <small>Sob</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Ramblers</b>. Potatoes left by chance in the ground, which come
up again the next year.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rammil-cheese</b>. Cheese made of raw unskimmed milk.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ramp</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) <i>v.</i> To rage, as 'My bad tooth just about
ramped aal laas' night.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Ramping</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(2) Of pain, violent, raging. 'I wur in that
rampin' pain, I didn't know whur to get to.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rook-worm</b>. A cockchafer grub.&mdash;Obsolete.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'I have heard knowing countreymen affirme that rooke-wormes,
which the crows and rookes doe devour at sowing time, doe turn to
chafers.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 67, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Round market</b>. See quotation.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Warminster is exceeding much frequented for a round corn-market
on Saturday.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 114, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Ruck</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A crease in a stocking, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To crease or wrinkle up. 'My shirt wur aal rucked
up under my arms, an' I cudden' kip un down nohow.'&mdash;N.W.
(3) Hence, to rub and gall. 'Thuck ther new boot
hev a-rucked she's heel ter'ble bad.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Ruddock</b>. <i>Sylvia rubecula</i>, Robin Redbreast. In common use
at Warminster, though unknown a few miles away.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Rumpled-skein</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Used of a tradesman's books, when
badly kept and hard to balance.&mdash;N.W. (Glouc. bord.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Sankers</b>, <b>Shankers</b>, or <b>Sinkers</b>. Stockings without feet.&mdash;N.W.
See <cite>The Scouring of the White Horse</cite>, ch. vi. p. 128.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sar</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(3) To earn. See note on Akerman, in Ellis's
<cite>English Dialects</cite>, p. 29.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scrinchet</b>. A scrap of food, a shred of stuff, &amp;c.&mdash;N.W. (Huish.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Scroop</b>. (1) <i>n.</i> A saving or miserly person.&mdash;N.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To save up, to screw and scrape.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Seed-furrow</b>. See <small>Ploughing terms</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Serve</b>. See <small>Sar</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shacketty</b>. Ricketty, shaky.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shackle</b>. The straw covering of a hive. A sibilated form of
<i>Hackle</i>, q.v.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shail</b>. To walk crookedly or awkwardly, to shamble along.&mdash;N.W.
(Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shame-faced Maiden</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;*(2) <i>Ornithogalum umbellatum</i>,
L., Spiked Star of Bethlehem.&mdash;S.W. (Little Langford.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shankers</b>. See <small>Sankers</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shatter</b>. To scatter, to sprinkle. 'Shatter th' pepper well
auver'n, do 'ee!'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shattering</b>. A sprinkling. 'Put just a shatterin' on't.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shirpings</b>. The rough grass and weeds by the river banks,
which cannot be mown with the scythe, and have to be cut
afterwards with a sickle.&mdash;S.W. (Salisbury.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Short</b>. Tender. Roast mutton ought to 'eat short.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shreeving</b>. Picking up windfalls, &amp;c., in an orchard.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shrimpy</b>. Shrivelled, poor.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Shrovy</b>. Puny, as 'What a shrovy child!' Cp. <i>Shrievy</i>,
applied in Hants to stuff with some of the threads pulled
out.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shucky</b>. Rough, jolty: used of roads when the surface is
frozen and rutty.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shuffle</b>. To hurry along. 'I wur shufflin' to get whoam avore
dree.' Cf. <small>Shuffet</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sinkers</b>. See <small>Sankers</small>.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slink</b>. Bad diseased meat.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sloot</b>. To defraud.&mdash;N.W. (Berks bord.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slox</b>, <b>Slocks</b>. (2) To wear out clothes by careless use of
them. Compare <small>Hock about</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Slut's-farthings</b>. Small hard lumps in badly kneaded bread.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Snake-stones</b>. Fossil Ammonites.&mdash;N.W., occasionally still
used.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'About two or three miles from the Devises are found in a pitt
snake-stones (<i>Cornua ammonis</i>) no bigger than a sixpence, of a black
colour.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 45, ed. Brit.</p>

<p>'In this parish [Wootton Bassett] are found delicate snake-stones of
a reddish gray.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Jackson's</span> <cite>Aubrey</cite>, p. 204.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Snug</b>. Well, in health, comfortable. 'I be main glad to hire
as your missus be so snug [is doing so well] a'ter her
confinement.'&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sob</b>. To sodden with wet. Cf. <small>Sobbled</small>.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Split-house</b>. A joint tenancy?</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Whereas we ... being inhabitants of the town of Marlborough ...
have ... for many years past, fed and depastured our mares and
geldings, two to each inhabitant not being certificate men nor split
houses, in the said earl's Forest of Savernak, &amp;c.'&mdash;1790, Agistment
Deed as to Savernake Forest, quoted in Waylen's <cite>History of Marlborough</cite>,
p. 421.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Spray</b>. To splay a sow, when set aside for fattening.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Squailings</b>, <b>Squailens</b>. Ungathered apples.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Staid</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Sometimes applied to an old horse or other
animal.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stars-and-garters</b>. <i>Ornithogalum umbellatum</i>, L., Star of
Bethlehem.&mdash;N.W. (Heddington.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Starvation cold</b>. Extremely cold. See <small>Starve</small>.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Steart</b>. (1) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Used at Salisbury by a gas-fitter of the
small projection turned by the gas-key.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Stipe</b>, <b>Steip</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Steep</small>.&mdash;S.W., still in use about
Salisbury.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Strikes</b>. Segments of iron for wheel-binding.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stubs</b>. (4) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Studdly</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;also <small>Stoodly</small>.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Sucker</b> (<i>Zucker</i>). A spout from the roof.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Summer-folds</b>. Freckles which come in summer time.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Tear</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Mr. Powell writes us that at Deverill this is
still used of breaking crockery, &amp;c.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teart</b>. (3) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Acrimonious. <i>Tort</i> in Aubrey.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The North Wilts horses, and other stranger horses, when they
come to drinke of the water of Chalke-river, they will sniff and snort,
it is so cold and tort.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, pp. 23-24, ed. Brit.</p>

<p>'This riverwater [Chalke stream] is so acrimonious, that strange
horses when they are watered here will snuff and snort, and cannot
well drinke of it till they have been for some time used to it.'&mdash;<i>Ibid.</i>
p. 28.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Terrify</b>. *(3) <i>Add</i>:&mdash;This is a Gloucestershire use of the word.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Thee and Thou</b>. (1) 'He thee'd and thou'd us,' said of
a clergyman who was very familiar with his flock.&mdash;S.W.
(2) <i>v.</i> To abuse violently, to insult a person by addressing
him in the second person singular. A man complained of
the way in which his neighbours had been abusing him, the
climax of it all being reached when they began to 'thee and
thou' him.&mdash;N. &amp; S.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thetches</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;<small>Thatch</small>. <i>Vicia sativa</i>, L.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton.)
All vetches are known as 'Thetches' or 'Thatches' in Wilts,
being 'Blue,' 'Yellow,' or 'Red' Thetches according to the
colour of the flower.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thread-the-needle</b>. A very complicated form of this children's
game is played at Deverill, under the name of Dred-th'-wold-'ooman's-needle.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Thunder-stones</b>. Nodules of iron pyrites. *<small>Hunder-stones</small>,
q.v., may be merely a misreading of the MS.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'Thunder-stones, as the vulgar call them, are a pyrites; their fibres
do all tend to the centre. They are found at Broad Chalke frequently.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span>
<cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 40, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Tine</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;(6) To collect and burn couch and weeds in the
fields.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'What 'ould thy husband do ... if thee was too vine to turn hay,
or go tinin' or leazin'?'&mdash;<cite>Dark</cite>, ch. XV.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tippertant</b>. A young upstart.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Trip</b>. A brood or flock, as 'A vine trip o' vowels (fowls).'
In a MS. in the Bodleian a herd of tame swine is defined as
a <i>trip</i>, while one of wild swine is a <i>sounder</i>.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Tucky</b>. Sticky.&mdash;S.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Turning-the-barrel</b>. A game in which two children stand
back to back, locking their arms behind them, and lifting
each other by turns from the ground.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>


<p class="p2 hang"><b>Under-creep</b>. <i>v.</i> To get the upper hand of by deceit, to overreach
any one.&mdash;S.W. (Britford and Harnham.)</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Underground Shepherd</b>. <i>Orchis mascula</i>, L., Early Purple
Orchis.&mdash;S.W. (Charlton.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unhealed</b>. See <small>Heal</small>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span></p>

<p class="p2 hang"><b>Vitty</b>. Close, closely. Cp. <i>fitly</i>, Eph. iv. 16.&mdash;N.W.</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Warning-stone</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'The bakers take a certain pebble, which they put in the vaulture
of their oven, which they call the warning-stone: for when that is
white the oven is hot.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>, p. 43, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang">*<b>Water-sparrow</b>. <i>Salicaria phragmitis</i>, the Sedge Warbler.
Cp. <small>Brook-sparrow</small>.&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whinnock</b>. To whimper.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Whinnocky</b>. A whinnocky child is one that is always ailing
and whimpering.&mdash;N.W. (Clyffe Pypard.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>White-livered</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;S.W. (Deverill.)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Winter-stuff</b>. Winter-greens.&mdash;N.W.</p>

<p class="hang">*<b>Witch-hazel</b>. <i>Ulmus montana</i>, Sm.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>'In Yorkshire is plenty of trees, which they call elmes; but they
are wich-hazells, as we call them in Wilts.'&mdash;<span class="smcap">Aubrey's</span> <cite>Nat. Hist. Wilts</cite>,
p. 54, ed. Brit.</p></blockquote>

<p class="hang"><b>Wrastle</b>. <i>Add</i>:&mdash;Measles, for instance, 'wrastles' all over the
face very quickly.</p>


<p class="p2 hang">*<b>Zwail</b>. To shake about: to swing the arms.&mdash;S.W.
(Deverill, &amp;c.)</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span></p>




<h2><a name="SPECIMENS_OF_DIALECT" id="SPECIMENS_OF_DIALECT">SPECIMENS OF DIALECT</a></h2>

<p>We have thought it advisable to supplement the brief
examples of folk-talk which will be found in the body of this
work by a few somewhat longer specimens, which may be
taken as accurately representing the speech current at the present
time among the villages in North Wilts. Mr. Slow has
kindly added a similar specimen for South Wilts. The extracts
from Akerman exemplify the North Wilts speech of some fifty
or sixty years ago.</p>


<h3><a name="LITTLE" id="LITTLE">EXTRACTS FROM THE GENUINE REMAINS OF
WILLIAM LITTLE</a>.<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></h3>

<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">J. Y. Akerman</span>.</p>

<p class="center">(From <cite>Wiltshire Tales</cite>, pp. 165-179.)</p>

<p class="center">[North Wilts.]</p>

<p class="center">I.</p>

<p>There be two zarts o' piple in this here world ov ourn: they as
works ael day lang and ael the year round, and they as dwon't work
at ael. The difference is jist a graat a-year, and they as dwon't work
at ael gets the graat&mdash;that's zartin!</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span></p>
<p class="center">II.</p>

<p>It's oondervul to me how thengs <em>do</em> move about whenever a body's
got a drap o' zummut in's yead. Last harrest, a'ter zupper, at th'
house yander, I walked whoam by myzelf, and zeed the moon and
the zeven stars dancin' away like vengeance. Then they girt elmen
trees in the close was a dancin' away like Bill Iles and his mates
at a morris. 'My zarvice to 'e,' zays I; 'I haups you won't tread
on my twoes;' zo I went drough a sheard in th' hedge, instead o'
goin' drough th' geat. Well, when I got whoam, I managed to vind
the kay-hole o' th' doower&mdash;but 'twas a lang time afore I could get
un to bide still enough,&mdash;and got up stayers. Massy upon us! the
leetle table (I zeed un very plain by the light o' th' moon) was
runnin' round th' room like mad, and there was th' two owld chayers
runnin' a'ter he, and by and by, round comes the bed a'ter they two.
'Ha! ha!' zays I, 'that's very vine; but how be I to lay down
while you cuts zich capers?' Well, the bed comed round dree
times, and the vowerth time I drowd myzelf flump atop ov un; but
in th' marnin' I vound myzelf laying on the vloor, wi' ael me duds
on! I never <em>could</em> make out this.</p>

<p class="center">III.</p>

<p>I've allus bin as vlush o' money as a twoad is o' veathers; but,
if ever I gets rich, I'll put it ael in Ziszeter bank, and not do as owld
Smith, the miller, did, comin' whoam vrom market one nite. Martal
avraid o' thieves a was, zo a puts his pound-bills and ael th' money
a'd a got about un, in a hole in the wall, and the next marnin' a'
couldn't remember whereabouts 'twas, and had to pull purty nigh
a mile o' wall down before a' could vind it. Stoopid owld wosbird!</p>

<p class="center">IV.</p>

<p>Owld Jan Wilkins used to zay he allus cut's stakes when a went
a hedgin', too lang; bekaze a' cou'd easily cut 'em sharter if a wanted,
but a' cou'dn't make um langer if 'em was cut too shart. Zo zays I;
zo I allus axes vor more than I wants. Iv I gets that, well and good;
but if I axes vor little, and gets less, it's martal akkerd to ax a zecond
time, d'ye kneow!</p>

<p class="center">V.</p>

<p>Maester Tharne used to zay as how more vlies was cot wi' zugar
or honey than wi' vinegar, and that even a body's enemies med be<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>
gammoned wi' vine words. Jim Pinniger zeemed to thenk zo too,
when a run agin the jackass one dark night. Jem tuk th' beawst
vor th' devil, and cot un by th' ear. '<i>Zaat's yer harn, zur</i>' (Soft's
your horn, sir), zays Jem.</p>

<p class="center">VI.</p>

<p>Old Iles was drunk vor dree days together last Lammas, and a laid
down by the doower, and wanted zomebody to hauld un. When they
axed if a'd ha' a leetle drap mwore, a'd zeng out, 'Noa, noa, I won't
ha' a drap.'&mdash;'Do'e,' zaid they,&mdash;'do'e ha' a drap mwore.'&mdash;'Noa,
I won't, not a drap,' a grunted. At last another tried un, and then
th' owld bwoy cried out, 'Noa, I can't get a drap mwore down m';&mdash;drow't
auver m'veace!'</p>

<p class="center">VII.</p>

<p>Measter Goddin used to zay as how childern costed a sight o' money
to breng um up, but 'twas all very well whilst um was leetle, and
zucked th' mother, but when um begun to zuck the vather, 'twas
nation akkerd.</p>

<p class="center">VIII.</p>

<p>Measter Cuss, and his zun Etherd, went to Lonnun a leetle time
zence; and when um got to their journey's ind, Measter Cuss missed
a girt passel a carr'd wi' un to th' cwoach. 'Lor', vather!' zays
Etherd, 'I zeed un drap out at 'Vize!' (Devizes.)</p>

<p class="center">IX.</p>

<p>When I was a young man I had a dog, a precious 'cute un a was
too! A'd catch a hare like a grayhound. I've cot a scare o' rabbuts
wi' him in one night. By and by zomebody zays to the kippur, thuck
William's got a dog as plays th' devil wi' ael th' game. Zo th' kippur
comes up to m' one day, and zays, zays he, 'Maester Little, thuck
dog o' yourn's a bad un; a gwos huntin', I'm towld.' 'Lar bless'e!'
zays I, 'a wou'dn't harm a mouse, that a wou'dn't.'&mdash;'Dwon't
b'lieve it!' zays he. 'Come along wi' I by thuck copse yonder.'&mdash;Zo
as us walked alang, up jumps a hare and away a scampers.
'Hollo! hollo!' zays I to the dog, but a slunk behind m' <em>di</em>rectly
wi's tail between's legs. 'Ha!' zays th' kippur, 'I b'lieves 'e now,
Little. Them as zays your dog hunts be liars, that's zartin. I'll
be cussed if I dwon't thenk a's vrightened o' th' game, that I do!'
and zo a walked away, and wished m' good marnin'.&mdash;'Zo, ho!'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>
thought I; 'you be 'nation 'cute, you be, Maester Kippur. If
instead o' "<i>hollo</i>!" I'd a cried "<i>coom hedder</i>!" a'd a run a'ter thuck
hare like mad!'</p>

<p>[<i>Note.</i>&mdash;The point of this story is that the poacher's dog had been
trained to understand the usual orders in <i>exactly the opposite sense</i>,
as the Devonshire smugglers' horses were in old days. Thus, the
more a smuggler called on his horse to stop, when he was challenged
by an Excise officer, the faster it would gallop off, the owner all the
while apparently endeavouring to check it but really urging it on.
See Mrs. Bray's <cite>Description of Devon</cite>.]</p>

<p class="center">X.</p>

<p>'How far d'e cal't to Zirencester, my friend?' zays a Cockney
genelman one day to owld Pople, as a wor breakin' stwones on th'
road. 'Dwont kneow zich a please,' zays he, scrattin's yead, 'never
yeard on't avore!'&mdash;'What!' zays the genelman, 'never heard
o' Zirencester?'&mdash;'Noa,' zays he, 'I aint.'&mdash;'Why, it's the next
town.' 'Haw! haw!' zays Pople; 'you means <i>Ziszeter</i>; why
didn't'e zay so? it's about vower mile off.'&mdash;He was a rum owld
customer, thuck owld Pople. One day zomebody axed un how var't
was to Ziszeter. 'Ho! dree miles this weather.' (It was nation
dirty and slippy.) 'Why so?' zaid the man to'n; 'Ho, it's about
two miles in vine weather; but when it's hocksey, like this, we
allows a mile vor zlippin' back!'</p>


<h3><a name="HARNET" id="HARNET">THE HARNET AND THE BITTLE.</a></h3>

<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By J. Y. Akerman.</span></p>

<p class="center">[North Wilts.]</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">A Harnet zet in a hollow tree,&mdash;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">A proper spiteful twoad was he,&mdash;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">And a merrily zung while a did zet<br /></span>
<span class="i0">His stinge as zharp as a baganet,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">'Oh, who's zo bowld and vierce as I?&mdash;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">I vears not bee, nor wapse, nor vly!'<br /></span>
<span class="i4"><i>Chorus</i>&mdash;Oh, who's zo bowld, etc.<br /></span>
<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">A Bittle up thuck tree did clim',<br /></span>
<span class="i0">And scarnvully did luk at him.<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zays he, 'Zur Harnet, who giv' thee<br /></span>
<span class="i0">A right to zet in thuck there tree?<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Although you zengs so nation vine,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">I tell'e it's a house o' mine.'<br /></span>
<span class="i4"><i>Chorus</i>&mdash;Although you zengs, etc.<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">The Harnet's conscience velt a twinge,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">But growin' bould wi' his long stinge,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zays he, 'Possession's the best law,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zo here th' shasn't put a claw.<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Be off, and leave the tree to me:<br /></span>
<span class="i0">The Mixen's good enough vor thee!'<br /></span>
<span class="i4"><i>Chorus</i>&mdash;Be off, and leave, etc.<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Just then a Yuccle passin' by<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Was axed by them their cause to try.<br /></span>
<span class="i0">'Ha! ha! it's very plain,' zays he,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">'They'll make a vamous nunch for me!'<br /></span>
<span class="i0">His bill was zharp, his stomack lear,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zo up a snapped the caddlin pair.<br /></span>
<span class="i4"><i>Chorus</i>&mdash;His bill was zharp, etc.<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i12"><span class="smcap">Moral.</span><br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">All you as be to law inclined,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">This leetle story bear in mind;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">For if to law you ever gwo,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">You'll vind they'll allus zarve'e zo;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">You'll meet the vate o' these 'ere two:<br /></span>
<span class="i0">They'll take your cwoat and carcass too!<br /></span>
<span class="i4"><i>Chorus</i>&mdash;You'll meet the vate, etc.<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="signature">
From <cite>Wiltshire Tales</cite>, pp. 96-97.<br />
</p>

<p>[A phonetic version of this song, representing the Chippenham
dialect, will be found at pp. 28, 29 of Ellis's <cite>English Dialects&mdash;their
Sounds and Homes</cite>, where it is pointed out that <i>stinge</i> (with <i>g</i> soft)
appears to have been invented by Akerman for the sake of the rhyme
here.]</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></p>


<h3><a name="VARGESES" id="VARGESES"><i>From</i> THE VARGESES.</a></h3>

<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By J. Y. Akerman.</span></p>

<p class="center">[North Wilts.]</p>

<p>'Now, do'e plaze to walk in a bit, zur, and rest'e, and dwont'e
mind my measter up agin th' chimley carner. Poor zowl an hin,
he've a bin despert ill ever zence t'other night, when a wur tuk
ter'ble bad wi' th' rheumatiz in's legs and stummick. He've a bin
and tuk dree bottles o' doctor's stuff; but I'll be whipped if a do
simbly a bit th' better var't. Lawk, zur, but I be main scrow to be
ael in zich a caddle, ael alang o' they childern. They've a bin
a leasin, and when um coomed whoame, they ael tuk and drowed
the carn ael among th' vire stuff, and zo here we be, ael in a muggle
like. And you be lookin' middlinish, zur, and ael as if'e was
shrammed. I'll take and bleow up th' vire a mossel; but what
be them bellises at? here they be slat a-two! and here's my yeppurn
they've a'bin and scarched, and I've a-got narra 'nother 'gin Zunday
besepts thisum!'&mdash;<cite>Wiltshire Tales</cite>, pp. 137-8.</p>


<h3><a name="WIVES" id="WIVES">THOMAS'S WIVES.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Clyffe Pypard.]</p>

<p>'Lawk aw! if 'tean't Thomas! and how be you? I han't seen 'ee
fur a lenth o' time.&mdash;An' they tells I as you've a got a new missis
agean! That's the vowerth, yun it?'</p>

<p>'Ees, I 'spose te-uz. Thur, didden sim right 'snaw wi'out a 'ooman
down thur, 'tes sich a girt gabborn place thuck wold house. Do zim
zart o' unkid to bide thur by yerself. 'Tes so lonesome, perticler
night-times. Thur yun't narra naighber aniest 'ee, an' if a body wur
ill ur anythin' o' that, 'tud be just about a job 'snaw.'</p>

<p>'An' do the new missis shoot 'ee main well?'</p>

<p>'Aw thur, I ban't got nothen to zaay agen th' 'ooman. Th'
'ooman's wull enough as fur as I knaaws on. Her's a decent staid
body 'snaw. 'Tean't likely as I wur a gwain to hae no hans wi' none
o' they giglettin' wenchen&mdash;they got so many 'oonderments to 'em
when they be so young.'</p>

<p>'An' 'cordin' as I da hire tell on't her've a got a bit o' money
saved, haven' her?'</p>

<p>'O' course her got summat 'snaw, but Lor' bless 'ee! tean't nothen
near as much as vawk says for.'</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></p>

<p>'Wull, 'tean't no odds to I, but they was a zaayin' up at public
as aal your wives had zummut when they come to you; an' they did
zaay as you must ha' made a main good thing out on't wi' one an'
tother on em!'</p>

<p>'What good is it to hearken to they? I tell 'ee what 'tes&mdash;What
wi' bringin' on 'em in an' carr'n on 'em out, 'tean't but <i>vurry</i> leetle
profit to't!'</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="MANSLAUGHTER" id="MANSLAUGHTER">MANSLAUGHTER AT 'VIZE 'SIZES.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Devizes.]</p>

<p><i>Counsel.</i> What do you know about this case?</p>

<p><i>Witness.</i> What do 'ee zaay? I be zo hard o' hirin', I caan't hire
nothen, wi'out I comes handier to 'ee.</p>

<p><i>Counsel.</i> What did you see the prisoner do?</p>

<p><i>Witness.</i> Aw! I tell'd 'ee avore as I zeed it aal. I wurden no
furder awaay vrom un then I be vrom thuck owld gent thur [the
Judge]. Bill Stevens he come out an' a zaays, zaays he, 'I'll breäk
thee mazzard vor the'!' an' a offer'd to hit un wi' a graft as he wur
a carr'n. An' Jim he up wi' he's showl an' hut un auver th' yead
wi't. An' if <em>he</em> hadden a hut he, he'd a hut <em>he</em>, an' if he'd a hut <em>he</em>
as <em>he</em> hut he, he'd a killed <em>he</em>, 'sted o' <em>he</em> killin' he! That's aal as I
knaws on't!</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="ETHERD" id="ETHERD">HOW OUR ETHERD GOT THE PEWRESY.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Hilmarton.]</p>

<p>Etherd he bin sart o' rough fur this long time, wuver he never bin
not to say well since he wur bad wi' the influenzy las' year. A
ketched a cowld the day as thuck rain wur. A wur up at hill wi' the
ship out in the bleat, an' a cudden get into the succour nowur, and
vor aal as he wur droo wet he wur foc'd to bide in't aal day. An'
when a cum whoam at night a says to I, 'Mary,' a says, 'I feels
<i>ter'ble</i> middlin'. I got a mind to ha' a bit o' zupper an gwo to bed.'
Wull, I got un out the berd an' cheese out o' the panterny, but do
you thenk as he cud yeat or a mossel on't? not if anybody had
a gied he the <i>wurld</i>, a cudden't, a said. An' a simmed zart o'
shrammed wi' the cowld, an' a did kip on a coughin a'ter he got into
bed, and simmin to I a never stopped till the clock hut dree, and then
that rampin pain cum on at such a rate in hes zide, as he didden<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>
knaw wur to get to, nur what to do. An' that follered on aal day,
and I cudden get un to take next akin to nothin', and allus a wantin
summut to drenk. That wur aal he's cry. Thur I made <i>shower</i> as
he'd a died avore the doctor come. Bill he went in to fetch un, but
a never come till Vriday aaternoon, and a said as he'd a got the
pewresy and he'd send un along a bottle o' medecine, but Etherd
he wudden take it 'snaw, fur a said twern't nuthen in <i>this wurl</i>' but
a drop o' water wi' some peppermint in't or summat o' that. An'
Sally Moore her come in wi' some hoss-fat as come out o' thuck owld
hoss o' Mas' John's as vull in the pit, an' her 'suaded I to rub some o'
that into un, an' that sim to do he more good bless 'ee thun aal the
doctor's medecine. Wuver the doctor he come agean isterday marnin',
and a axed un how a wur. An' a spawk up bless 'ee and telled un
straight as twern't nor a mozzel o' good fur he to zend no more o'
thuck stuff as he zent avore, fur a zaid as twern't wuth a louse's liver!
The doctor he didden like ut vurry well, but a telled I as he'd channge
it, an' zo a did. A let the bwoy ride back along wi' un, an' a brought
back this yer bottle wi' summat wrote on't. But thur I bean't no
scholard, and the bwoy he cudden rade it, but a zaid as the doctor
tell'd he as a wurden to take but one spoonvull on't once in vower
hours. Zo I gied un a dawse, but he 'suaded I to gie un two spoonvulls,
and I'll warn as a hadden a took ut <i>vive</i> minutes avore twer <i>aal
awver'n&mdash;back, bully, an' zides</i>! Now that's what I caals zome o' the
right zart that, and I got faith as that'll do he good!</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="GWOIN" id="GWOIN">GWOIN' RAYTHER TOO FUR WI' A VEYTHER.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Clyffe Pypard.]</p>

<p>My veyther now, he never 'oudden yeat none o' this here Hostilian
meät nor nuthen o' that. I axed un one day why a 'oudden, and
a zes, 'Do meak I shrill, the vurry <em>sight</em> on't do&mdash;they tells I as't do
come vrom wur the War is, an' 'tes made o' souldiers a pretty deal
on't. Wuver nobody shan't 'suade I to hae none on't.' And he 'oudden,
bless 'ee! not if you was to gie un <em>ever</em> so!</p>

<p>Wull, my brother Jim, he kneowed this o' course, an' he do most
in general ax veyther an' mother an' aal on us to come to zupper wi'
he about Christmas time&mdash;he wur allus vurry good for anything o'
that&mdash;an' laas' year aal on us had a zot down to zupper, an' ther wur
a girt pie at Jim's end, an' Sarah her had a piece o' biled bif&mdash;ur wur
'twer mutton I caan't rightly mind&mdash;wuver dwon't meak no odds as
I kneows on which twer&mdash;an' Jim he zes to veyther, 'Veyther, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>
be a gwain to hae, some o' this here pie ur some o' thick biled bif as
Sally got down tother end?' An' veyther zes, 'What's the pie
made on then?' An' Jim he zes, ''Tes mutton, yunnit, Sally?' 'Aw,'
zes veyther, 'I wur allus <i>ter'ble</i> vond o' mutton pie, an' our Mary her
never 'oon't gie I none on't at whoam.'</p>

<p>Zo veyther he had a plate vull on't, an' a begun a gettin' this yer
pie into un at a <i>terrible</i> rate, an' when a done, Jim zes, 'What be
gwain at now, veyther? Wull 'ee channge yer mind an' hae some o'
tother?' 'No,' zes veyther, 'I'll hae some more o' thuck pie. I caals
it oncommon good. I dwont knaw when I've a teasted anythen as
I likes better'n thuck pie.' An' a did jist about enjoy hesself, bless 'ee,
awver's zupper.</p>

<p>An' when a done, Jim zes, 'Veyther,' a zes, 'Do 'ee kneow what
thuck pie wur made on?' 'Noa,' zes veyther, 'I dwont, any more'n
you zed as 'twer meäd o' mutton, didden 'ee? Let it be whatever
'twill, 'twer uncommon good.'</p>

<p>An' Jim he looks at un zart o' comical, an' a zes, 'Veyther, 'twer
meäd o' some o' thuck Hostilian meat as you zed as nobody shudden
'suade 'ee to yeat none on!'</p>

<p>An' zimmin to I veyther's feace turned zart o' aal colours, and a zes,
'Lawk a massey! dwon 'ee tell I that, ur I shall drow't aal up agean!'
An' none on us dursen zaay no more to un, a look'd so guly, we was
aveard as he 'ood.</p>

<p>But aater 'bout a haaf an hour Jim he zes, 'Veyther, an' how d'ee
feel now?' An' veyther zes, 'Aw, 'tes better now,' but a zes, 'I thenk,'
a zes, 'as this here is a gwoin' rayther too fur wi' a veyther!'</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="NOTHEN" id="NOTHEN">NOTHEN AS I LIKES WUSSER.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Clyffe Pypard.]</p>

<p>'Tes allus a caddlin' zart of a job takin' they fat beasties to Swinnun
Market, but dall'd if ever I had such a doin' wi'em afore as 'twer
isterday. 'Twer thuck thur white-veaced un as Measter bought off
a ole Collins laas' yer as done it. I'd a nauticed as he wur a pankin'
tur'ble as we was a gwain up the hill, an' as zoon as iver he got
vorright the Red Lion he 'oudden go no furder,&mdash;an' thur a wur led
down in the middle o' the strit. Thur yun't nothen as I likes wusser'n
that, bless 'ee! Thur be such a sight o' 'oondermentin' chaps a gaapsin'
about thur allus, a body caan't bide quiet nohow fur their maggots.
And then if 'ee ses arra word to 'em they puts 'ee in the <i>Noos</i>, an'
that's wussern' aal on't! Thuck girt gaapus Bill Wilkins come up,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>
an' a begun a laafin' at I, an' a axed wur I'd a slep on the rwoad laas'
night.&mdash;Dall'd if I hadden a mine to ha' gien he what-for thur-right,
if't hadden a bin fur the narration as they'd a made on't. A wur
allus a terrible voolhardy zart of a chap, an' I niver coudden away wi'
a lot o' that 'oondermentin'. Simmin to I I'd zooner walk ten mile
roun' than hae to stan up in 'Ootton strit like a vool wi' they chaps
a terrifyin' on 'ee.</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="PUTTEN" id="PUTTEN">PUTTEN' UP TH' BANNS.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[South Wilts: Wilton.]</p>

<p>Wen Zal Slatter coorteed Jim Bleak he wur under carter, an' she
wur maid a ael wuk up at Hill Varm. Zoo thay 'greed ta putt up tha
banns unbeknown to their measter an' missus. Wen Varmer comed
out a chirch thic Zundy a gooes straight inta kitchen wur Zal wur
cookin' a girt laig a mutten var dinner, an a zaays, 'Zal,' a zaays,
'Wur that thee an' Jim I yeard caal'd whoam bit now?' 'I 'specs
'twur, measter,' zaays Zal. 'Why, wat in tha wordle diss thee want
ta get married var? Hassen a got a good whoam, a good bade ta
sleep on? an' a good laig a mutten ta zet down to wen bist 'ungry?'
'O eece, measter,' zaays Zal, 'I knaas ael that, bit did 'ee ever know
a wench as hooden gie up a laig o' mutten var a whole man?'</p>

<p class="signature">
<span class="smcap">E. Slow.</span><br />
</p>


<h3><a name="CANNINGS" id="CANNINGS">THE CANNINGS VAWK.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Clyffe Pypard.]</p>

<p>I niver wur at Cannin's but once as I knaws on, an' that wur when
Mr. Jones wur alive. I went awver wi' he to Cannin's Veast. I mind
thur wur a lot on 'em thur from Ca'an [Calne] as wur a tellin' up zuch
tales as was never about the Cannin's vawk. The' tell'd I as zome on
'em got up the Church tower, and dunged that thur&mdash;what is it?&mdash;a-top
o' the tower, to make un grow as big as the spire. I never
he-ard tell o' zuch a thing! Should 'ee iver thenk as 'twer true? An'
the' tell'd I as 'twern't but a vurry veow years ago as zome on 'em
hired as ther wur a comut ur what 'ee caals ut, to be zeed in 'Vize
market-place, an' pretty nigh aal Cannin's went in thur to zee un,
an' niver thought o' lookin' to zee wur they cudden zee un at whoam.
What some girt stups they must a bin! An' thur wur a cooper ur
zummat o' that, as cudden putt th' yead into a barr'l; an' a tell'd he's
bwoy to get inside and howld un up till he'd a vastened un. An'<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
when a done the bwoy hollered out droo the bung hawl, 'How be I
to get out, veyther?'&mdash;That bit tickled I, bless 'ee! moor'n aal on't!
Arterwards one on 'em axed I if thur wurden a Cannin's girl in sarvice
at our place; an' I zes 'I b'lieve as 'tes.' An' a zes, 'Do 'ee iver zaa
<i>Baa</i>! to she?' An' I zes 'Noa, vur why should I zaay <i>Baa</i>! to she?'
An' a zes 'You should allus zaay <i>Baa</i>! to a body as comes vrom
Cannin's.' 'Wull,' I zes, 'I shudden like to zaay <i>Baa</i>! to any body
wi'out I know'd the rason on't.' An' then a tell'd I as the' had a
tiddlin' lamb as wur ter'ble dickey, an' the' putt un into th' o-ven, to
kip un warm' an' shut un in an' forgot aal about un, an lef' un in
thur. An' when the' awpened the o-ven agean a wur rawsted droo!&mdash;Wull,
I come whoam, an' niver thought nothen more on't fur a
lenth o' time, till one daay as I wur a workin' in the garden, measter
an' missus wur out, an' the girls come out an' begun a 'oondermentin'
an' terrifyin' I. An' aal at once this yer shot into my mind, an'
I looks up at the cook an' I zes, '<i>Baa</i>!' But her didden take no
nautice, an' a went on chatterin'. An' I zes '<i>Baa</i>!' agean. An' that
put her pot on, bless 'ee! at a terrible rate, an' she zes to I, 'Who be
<em>you</em>'&mdash;she zes,&mdash;'to zaay <i>Baa</i>! to I?' An' wi' that they boath on 'em
went auf in-a-doors, an' they niver come a meddlin' wi' I agean fur
a long whiles.</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="LUNNON" id="LUNNON">LUNNON AVORE ANY WIFE.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts: Clyffe Pypard.]</p>

<p>Thur's our Bill, 'snaw&mdash;I had a main job to get he to gwoa. He bin
a walkin' wi' thuck ginger-headed wench o' Smith's&mdash;a wur terrible
took up wi' she a bit back, an' her bin a 'suading he to putt up the banns.
A never zed nothen to I about ut, nit I never zed nothen to he not afore
laas' Vriday wick, an' then there wur a word or two, and I zes to un,
'What's thee want wi' a wife? Thee's got no more 'casion wi' a wife
than a twoad has wi' a zide-pawket'&mdash;I zes&mdash;'an' ef thee'se be
a-gwain to hae she thee can plase theeself, but thee shasn't never
hannel narra penny piece o' mine ef thee does! An' ther's Shusan's
brother-law up a Lunnon, as hev a axed the' <i>times</i> to gwo up, an' he'd
vine the' a pleace wur the' meds't do well.&mdash;Why dwon't 'ee teak an'
gwo, 'stid o' loppettin' about at whoam wi' a wench as yun't narra
mossel o' good fur cheese-makin' nur nothen else 'cept 'tes to look
vine in thuck new hat o' shis'n?'&mdash;Them was my words to un, an' he
wur zart o' dubous wur a'd gwo ur wur a 'oodden: but I sticks it into
un as Lunnon wer far afore any wife, let ut be who 'twill. An' zo<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span>
a zed a 'oodden bide yer no longer, fur ef a did her'd never let un gwo.
An' a started awf thur-right, an' I han't a hired from un wur a likes
it or wur a dwon't.</p>

<p class="signature">
E. H. G.<br />
</p>


<h3><a name="KITCHEN" id="KITCHEN">KITCHIN' TH' INFLUENZY.</a></h3>

<p class="center">[North Wilts.]</p>

<div class="cpoem"><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Our Jess wur cwoortin' Polly:<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Her gwoed an' kitched th' plague.<br /></span>
<span class="i0">'Zo cwoortin's wusser'n volly,'<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Zes Jess, 'an' I'll renage!'<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Zes Polly, 'Dang thee buttons!<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Thee gwo an' blaw thee's nause!<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Zo zhure as zhip be muttons,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Th' dain be in thee's claus!'<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Martal aveard wur Jesse,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">An' tuk an' hiked it whoam.<br /></span>
<span class="i0">'Bin in my claus 'tes,' zes 'e,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">'I'll make a bonvire aw'm!'<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Zo off a zoon tuk aal claus,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Vrom sankers up ta zmock,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Vur weskit, cwoat an' smaal-claus,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">An' putt 'em in a cock.<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">Jess wur a vool, but Lawksies!<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Thur's zights aw'm wusser'n <em>he</em>!<br /></span>
<span class="i0">It minds I o' Guy Vawks's,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Thuck vire o' he's to zee!<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">'Twur down in veyther's archet,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">A gashly smother 'twur,<br /></span>
<span class="i0">Vor when you comes to scarch it,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">Thur be a zim to vur!<br /></span>
</div><div class="stanza">
<span class="i0">But 'twern't no zart o' use on't,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">A zoon beginned to sneeze&mdash;<br /></span>
<span class="i0">An' when I hires moor news on't,<br /></span>
<span class="i2">I'll tell 'ee how a be's!<br /></span>
</div></div>

<p class="signature">
G. E. D.<br />
</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></p>




<h2><a name="APPENDIX_I" id="APPENDIX_I">APPENDIX I</a></h2>

<p class="center">A Bibliography of Works relating to Wilts or
illustrating its Dialect.</p>


<p>Most of the works comprised in the following list have lately
been read through, and compared with our own <cite>Glossary</cite>, and
references to many of them will be found in the foregoing
pages. Some may contain a more or less comprehensive Wiltshire
Glossary; others only a few words. Some belong absolutely
to our own county; others merely to the same group of
dialects. But all are of value as bearing on the subject. The
Berks, Dorset, Gloucester, Hants, and Somerset Glossaries of
course contain a large proportion of words and uses that are
either absolutely identical with ours, or vary but slightly therefrom,
while such works as <cite>Amaryllis, Dark, Lettice Lisle</cite>, and
<cite>Jonathan Merle</cite> on the one side, and <cite>Old Country Words</cite> and
<cite>English Plant-names</cite> on the other, are full of examples and
illustrations of the South-Western Folk-speech. Even where
their scene is laid somewhat outside the borders of Wilts
itself, the dialect, with but trifling alterations, would pass
as ours.</p>

<p class="p2 hang"><cite>S. Editha, sive Chronicon Vilodunense</cite>, im Wiltshire Dialekt, aus
MS. Cotton. Faustina B III. Herausgegeben von <span class="smcap">C. Horstmann</span>.
Heilbronn: Gebr. Henninger, 1883. A handy
reprint of this fifteenth century <cite>Chronicle</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Parochial Antiquities</cite> attempted in the History of Ambroseden,
Burcester, and adjacent parts in Oxford and Bucks. By
Bishop <span class="smcap">Kennett</span>, 1695. Reprinted 1816 and 1818. Contains
a few Wilts words. See <cite>Five Reprinted Glossaries</cite>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Lansdowne MSS.</cite>, 935-1042, British Museum. By Bishop
<span class="smcap">Kennett</span>. Also contain some Wilts words.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Natural History of Wiltshire.</cite> By <span class="smcap">John Aubrey</span>. (1656-91).
Edited by <span class="smcap">John Britton</span>. London, 1847.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Wiltshire: the Topographical Collections of John Aubrey.</cite> (1659-70).
Edited by Rev. <span class="smcap">John Edward Jackson</span>. London and
Devizes, 1862.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Other works and MSS. by John Aubrey.</cite></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Collection of a few Provincial Terms used in North Wilts.</cite> An
eighteenth century MS. Vocabulary, fully dealt with in
Appendix II as <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Provincial Glossary.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Francis Grose</span>. Second edition,
1790. Out of the twenty-eight words which Britton marks
as given in Grose, only the following are credited to Wilts
in this edition:&mdash;<i>Allemang, Carriage, Contankerous, Dewsiers,
Drowning-bridge, Dudge, Grom</i> or <i>Groom, Huff, Leer, Lowle-eared,
Quirking, Rudderish</i>, and <i>Wasset-man</i>. The remainder
(<i>Aneust, Axen, Beet, Bochant, Daddock, More, Quamp, Quarr,
Quilt, Quop, Skiel, Sleepy, Tail-ends, Tallet</i>, and <i>Tid</i>) are not
there assigned to Wilts; but as Britton may very possibly
have found them so localized in the revised 1811 edition,
which we have not had an opportunity of consulting, we add
(G.) to the whole of them, on his authority.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>General View of the Agriculture of the County of Wilts, with
observations on the means of its improvement.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Thomas
Davis</span> of Longleat, Steward to the Marquess of Bath. London,
1794. An Agricultural Report or Survey, afterwards
much enlarged. The author died in 1807.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>General View of the Agriculture of Wiltshire.</cite> Drawn up for the
consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement.
By <span class="smcap">Thomas Davis</span>. London, 1809. New
editions, 1811 and 1813. An enlarged and revised reprint
of the <cite>Agricultural Report</cite>, edited by the Author's son. Contains
an interesting Glossary of Agricultural Terms, arranged
under subjects, as <i>Soils</i>, <i>Barn Process</i>, <i>Implements</i>, &amp;c., at
pp. 258-268; also a few additional words in the body of
the work.</p>
<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></p>
<p class="hang"><cite>Archæological Review</cite>, March, 1888, vol. i, No. 1, pp. 33-39.
Contains a reprint of Davis's <cite>Glossary</cite>, with notes by Professor
Skeat, rearranged alphabetically, a few words and
phrases being omitted as general or legal.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Some Specimens of the Provincial Dialect of South Wiltshire.</cite> By
'<span class="smcap">Mark</span>.' <cite>Monthly Magazine</cite>, Sept. 1814, vol. xxxviii,
p. 114. Noted in the Preface to <cite>Five Reprinted Glossaries</cite>.
See Appendix III.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Topographical and Historical Description of the County of Wilts.</cite>
By <span class="smcap">John Britton</span>. London, N.D. [1814?]. Vol. xv of '<cite>The
Beauties of England</cite>.'</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Beauties of Wiltshire</cite>, displayed in Statistical, Historical,
and Descriptive Sketches, &amp;c. By <span class="smcap">John Britton</span>. 3 vols.
London, 1801-1825. Vol. iii contains a list of <cite>Provincial
Words of Wiltshire and the adjacent Counties</cite>, pp. 369-380.
See Appendix II.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Five Reprinted Glossaries.</cite> Edited by Professor <span class="smcap">Skeat</span>. Eng.
Dialect Socy., 1879. Contains (<i>a</i>) <cite>Wiltshire Words, from
'Britton's Beauties of Wiltshire,'</cite> 1825; <i>compared with 'Akerman's
Glossary,'</i> 1842, a few words being added from the
<cite>Monthly Magazine</cite>, &amp;c. (<i>b</i>) <cite>Dialectal Words, from 'Kennett's
Parochial Antiquities</cite>, 1695.'</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in use in Wiltshire.</cite>
By <span class="smcap">John Yonge Akerman</span>. London, 1842. An unacknowledged
enlargement of Britton's <cite>Word-list</cite>. See <cite>Five Reprinted
Glossaries</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Wiltshire Tales.</cite> By <span class="smcap">J. Y. Akerman</span>. London, 1853.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Spring-tide: or the Angler and his Friends.</cite> <span class="smcap">By J. Y. Akerman</span>.
London, 1850. Contains many Wiltshire and West of
England words.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words.</cite> By <span class="smcap">J. O.
Halliwell</span>. London, 1846, &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Thomas
Wright</span>. London, 1857, &amp;c.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Song of Solomon in the Wiltshire Dialect</cite>, as it is spoken in
the Northern Division. By <span class="smcap">Edward Kite</span>. Circa 1860.
Privately printed for Prince L. Lucien Bonaparte.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Content: or the Day Labourer's Tale of his Life.</cite> By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Penruddocke</span>,
Fyfield Manor House, Wilts. Salisbury, 1860.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Peasant Life in the West of England.</cite> By <span class="smcap">F. G. Heath</span>.
1872-80.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Fabellae Mostellariae: or Devonshire and Wiltshire Stories in
Verse.</cite> London and Exeter, 1878.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Rhymes of the Wiltshire Peasantry, and other Trifles.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Edward
Slow</span>. Salisbury, 1874.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Wiltshire Rhymes: a Series of Poems in the Wiltshire Dialect.</cite>
By <span class="smcap">Edward Slow</span>. London and Salisbury, 1881. Also
Third edition, 1885.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Wiltshire Rhymes.</cite> Fourth Series. By <span class="smcap">Edward Slow</span>. Salisbury
and Wilton, 1889. Contains a <cite>Glossary</cite> of about 200
words, pp. 9-14.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Glossary of Wiltshire Words.</cite> Compiled by <span class="smcap">Edward Slow</span>.
Wilton, 1892. Contains about 900 words, of which a few
are of special interest.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Works of Richard Jefferies</cite>:&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Memoir of the Goddards of North Wilts, 1873. The Gamekeeper
at Home, 1878. Wild Life in a Southern County.
1879. The Amateur Poacher, 1879. Greene Ferne Farm,
1880. Hodge and his Masters, 1880. Round about a Great
Estate, 1880. Wood Magic, 1881. Bevis, 1882. The Life
of the Fields, 1884. The Dewy Morn, 1884. The Open
Air, 1885. Amaryllis at the Fair, 1887. Field and
Hedgerow, 1889. The Toilers of the Field, 1892, &amp;c., &amp;c.</cite></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Eulogy of Richard Jefferies.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Walter Besant</span>. 1888.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Some un-noted Wiltshire Phrases.</cite> By Rev. <span class="smcap">W. C. Plenderleath</span>.
<cite>Wilts Archæological Magazine</cite>, vol. xxii. p. 107.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Wiltshire Archæological and Natural History Magazine.</cite> All
vols.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe</cite> in the
county of Wilts, &amp;c., &amp;c. By <span class="smcap">G. Poulett Scrope</span>. Privately
printed, 1852.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Records of Chippenham</cite>, relating to the Borough from its Incorporation
by Queen Mary to its Reconstruction by Act of
Parliament, 1889, &amp;c., &amp;c. By <span class="smcap">Frederick H. Goldney</span>.
1889.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Sarum Diocesan Gazette</cite>, Annual Reports of Flower-classes, by
Mr. <span class="smcap">Hussey</span> and Mr. <span class="smcap">Tatum</span>.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Flowering Plants of Wilts.</cite> By Rev. <span class="smcap">T. A. Preston</span>. Published
by Wilts Arch. Society, 1888.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Birds of Wiltshire.</cite> By Rev. <span class="smcap">Alfred C. Smith</span>. London
and Devizes, 1887. Reprinted from <cite>Wilts Arch. Mag.</cite></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Glory: a Wiltshire Story.</cite> By Mrs. <span class="smcap">G. Linnæus Banks</span>. London,
1876(?). New edition, 1892. Scene partly laid in
and round Marlborough.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>On the Upper Thames.</cite> By Miss <span class="smcap">E. Boyer-Brown</span>. <cite>Leisure
Hour</cite>, August, 1893. Contains many words belonging to
the Castle Eaton and Marston Maizey district.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Dictionary of English Plant-names.</cite> By <span class="smcap">James Britten</span> and
<span class="smcap">Robert Holland</span>. E. D. S. 1878-86. A very valuable
work, containing a small number of Wilts names, mostly
from sources already referred to. The whole of the Plant-names
in our <cite>Glossary</cite> have been sent to Mr. Britten from
time to time, for use in the <cite>Supplement</cite> which he is now
preparing.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>English Dialects&mdash;their Sounds and Homes.</cite> By <span class="smcap">A. J. Ellis</span>.
E. D. S. 1890. Contains some remarks at pp. 24-29 on
Wilts, with specimens of dialect from Christian Malford and
Chippenham, accompanied by a rendering into Glossic.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Glossary of Berkshire Words and Phrases.</cite> By Major <span class="smcap">B.
Lowsley</span>. E. D. S. 1888.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Upton-on-Severn Words and Phrases.</cite> By Rev. <span class="smcap">Robert Lawson</span>.
E. D. S. 1884. A reprint of his smaller <cite>Glossary</cite>, which
originally appeared in <cite>The Nation in the Parish</cite>, by Mrs.
<span class="smcap">Lawson</span>.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire.</cite>
By <span class="smcap">James Jennings</span>. 1825. Second edition, revised and
edited by Rev. <span class="smcap">James K. Jennings</span>. London, 1869.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect.</cite> By Rev. <span class="smcap">William
Barnes</span>. <cite>Glossary</cite>, pp. 459-467, edition 1888.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Glossary of the Dorset Dialect</cite>, 1863-86. By Rev. <span class="smcap">William
Barnes</span>. Also the additional <cite>Word-lists</cite> published by him
from time to time in the <cite>Dorset County Chronicle</cite>.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Natural History, Folk Speech, and Superstitions of Dorsetshire.</cite>
By <span class="smcap">J. S. Udal</span>. A paper read before the Dorset Field Club
at Dorchester, in February, 1889, containing a <cite>Glossary</cite>,
which was given in full in the report in the local papers at
the time.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Glossary of Dialect &amp; Archaic Words used in the County of
Gloucester.</cite> By <span class="smcap">J. D. Robertson</span>. Edited by Lord <span class="smcap">Moreton</span>.
E. D. S. 1890.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Glossary of Hampshire Words and Phrase</cite>s. By the Rev. Sir
<span class="smcap">William H. Cope</span>. E. D. S. 1883.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect.</cite> By Rev.<span class="smcap"> W. D. Parish</span>.
Lewes. 1875.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>On the Dialects of Eleven Southern and South-Western Counties</cite>,
with a new Classification of the English Dialects. By
Prince <span class="smcap">Louis Lucien Bonaparte</span>. E. D. S. 1877.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>On the Survival of Early English Words in our present Dialects.</cite>
By Rev. <span class="smcap">Richard Morris</span>. E. D. S. 1876.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Old Country and Farming Words.</cite> By <span class="smcap">James Britten</span>. E. D. S.
1880. Contains extracts from the following volumes,
among which may be found a few additional Wilts words,
as well as much information on our agricultural terms:&mdash;</p>

<ul>
<li><span class="smcap">Ellis, William.</span> <cite>The Modern Husbandman</cite>. 1750.</li>
<li><cite>Reports of the Agricultural Survey</cite>, 1793-1813.</li>
<li><span class="smcap">Lisle, Edward.</span> <cite>Observations in Husbandry</cite>. 1757.</li>
<li><span class="smcap">Worlidge, J.</span> <cite>Dictionarium rusticum</cite>. 1681.</li>
<li><cite>Annals of Agriculture, &amp;c.</cite> 1784-1815.</li>
<li><span class="smcap">Morton, John C.</span> <cite>Cyclopædia of Agriculture</cite>, 1863.</li>
</ul>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Folk-Etymology, a Dictionary of Verbal Corruptions, &amp;c.</cite> By Rev.
<span class="smcap">A. Smythe Palmer</span>. London, 1882.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Lettice Lisle.</cite> By Lady <span class="smcap">Verney</span>. 1870. Contains much excellent
Hants talk.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The New Forest: its History and its Scenery.</cite> By <span class="smcap">J. R. Wise</span>.
London, 1871. Glossary, pp. 279-288, also words in text.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Jonathan Merle: a West Country story of the times.</cite> By
<span class="smcap">Elisabeth B. Bayly</span>. 1890. Affords many good illustrations
of words used in Wilts, as the two following works
also do.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Tess of the D'Urbervilles.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Thomas Hardy</span>. 1891.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Story of Dick.</cite> By Major <span class="smcap">Gambier Parry</span>. 1892.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>Dark: a Tale of the Down Country.</cite> By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Stephen Batson</span>.
London, 1892. The scene is laid in Berks, just over the
borders, but the dialect, which is excellently done, is to all
intents and purposes that of North Wilts.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>A History of Marlborough College during Fifty Years.</cite> By
<span class="smcap">A. G. Bradley</span>, <span class="smcap">A. C. Champneys</span>, and <span class="smcap">J. W. Baines</span>.
London, 1893.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>John Darke's Sojourn in the Cotteswolds and elsewhere.</cite> By <span class="smcap">S. S.
Buckman</span>. 1890.</p>

<p class="hang"><cite>The Scouring of the White Horse.</cite> By <span class="smcap">Thomas Hughes</span>. 1858.</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span></p>




<h2><a name="APPENDIX_II" id="APPENDIX_II">APPENDIX II</a></h2>

<p class="center">Cunnington MS.</p>


<p>Among the various books and word-lists which we have
consulted during the progress of this work, by no means the
least interesting is the manuscript containing a <cite>Collection of
a few Provincial Terms used in North Wilts</cite>, believed to have
been compiled about the middle of last century, which was
kindly lent us by its present owner, Mr. William Cunnington,
and is here frequently referred to as <cite>Cunnington MS.</cite></p>

<p>This valuable relic was at one time in the possession of
Mr. J. Britton, as is proved by the notes in his <em>early</em> handwriting
on the outer leaves, and was evidently the source to which he
was indebted for some portions of his 1825 <cite>Glossary</cite> (in the
<cite>Beauties of Wilts</cite>, vol. iii), the very peculiar wording and spelling
of some of its paragraphs having been transferred direct to his
pages. It must, however, have been in his hands at a much
earlier date than 1825, as one or two of the notes appear to
have been made at the time he was collecting materials for the
1814 volume on Wilts.</p>

<p>Not only has it afforded us several hitherto un-noted words,
which Mr. Britton himself had passed over, possibly because
even in his own time they were already grown obsolete, but
it has also enabled us to clear up several doubtful points, and
especially to show how, by a very simple misreading of the
MS., from the easily identified <i>sprawny</i> (a variant of <i>sprunny</i>)
was evolved that mysterious 'ghost-word' <i>sprawing</i>, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>
has ever since misled our glossary-makers, each one having
seemingly taken it on the faith of his immediate predecessor.</p>

<p>The <cite>Vocabulary</cite>, which we here reproduce <i>verbatim et literatim</i>,
consists of ten quarto pages, the first two of which are covered
with notes in pencil and ink, in at least four different hands,
partly archæological and topographical, and partly relating to
dialect words in Wilts and elsewhere. It is written in an
extremely legible old hand, with a few additions and interlineations
in other hands, and contains about one hundred words
and phrases, of which we owe just two-thirds to the original
compiler, who is supposed to have been a North Wilts clergyman.
If so, it is probable that his very characteristic handwriting
could readily be identified by any one who was familiar
with our last-century parish registers.</p>

<p>The interlineations have been made at different dates and
in different hands, <i>acrass</i>, <i>chit</i>, <i>clout</i>, <i>gallered</i>, <i>hire</i>, <i>hitch</i>, <i>muxen</i>,
<i>shirk off</i>, <i>slink away</i>, <i>skillin</i>, <i>stowl</i>, <i>stole</i>, <i>thick</i> and <i>thuck</i>, <i>won't</i>,
with the numerals at the end, being in pencil, two or three
of them having been inked over at some time or other; while
<i>arran</i>, <i>clavey</i>, <i>clap to</i>, <i>desperd</i>, <i>dowse</i>, <i>hit</i>, <i>nan</i>, <i>plye</i>, <i>rathe</i>, <i>sprawny</i>,
the definition of <i>thick</i> and <i>thuck</i>, <i>tun</i>, <i>tag</i>, <i>twit</i>, and <i>vuddels</i>, are
in ink, and mostly in a much larger and somewhat peculiar
hand. The pencilling is now almost entirely obliterated.</p>

<p>The MS. was given by Mr. Britton to Mr. Cunnington, with
other books and papers, many years ago, and its existence
appears to have been unknown until we called attention to it
in the <cite>Wilts Archæological Magazine</cite>, vol. xxvi. p. 293.</p>


<p class="center">Front page of Cover.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>Writing entirely in pencil, in Mr. Britton's hand, except the word
Vocabulary.</i>]</p></blockquote>

<p>XXII. 107. Broad Hinton. Vic. Mr. Hume of Salisby late
Vicar a manor well immense depth. abt 10 ms to draw Some
of the Glanvilles buried here. Old monk [? <i>tomb</i>] of this family
one of these Gs wrote on Witches&mdash;all chalk large crane
wheel room for 3 men.</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></p>


<p class="center">Vocabulary.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>Here two lines of writing, probably the name and address of the compiler,
have been scratched completely out with a penknife.</i>]</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="indent2">See Ascough's Index [<i>Here another
word now illegible.</i>]</span></p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>Here a rough sketch, marked</i> Spring, <i>probably relating to the above well.</i>]</p></blockquote>


<p class="center">Inside of Cover.</p>

<p>Main sprack&mdash;for lively&mdash;Wilts</p>

<p>Information in Bowels&mdash;</p>

<p>Obliterate Scoolmaster&mdash;</p>

<p>Mandy&mdash;saucy&mdash;Wilts</p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>These four lines are in a more recent hand, on a slip gummed in.</i>]</p></blockquote>

<p>Werrutting teazing</p>

<p>Thick for that</p>

<p>direction "You must go all a skew thick vield there &amp;
then all a thirt tother &amp; then looky one way &amp; pointy another
wool ye now"</p>

<p>Anticks&mdash;main&mdash;mandy</p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>These are in the same large, slightly feminine-looking hand as some of
the interlineations in the word-list.</i>]</p></blockquote>

<p><i>Enked</i> is avaricious, wretched, from whence we have perhaps
a term in English of unked; disagreeable, melancholy, tiresome.
In Oxfordshire every thing unpleasant is <i>unked</i>.</p>

<p>From the Persian.</p>

<p>Rudge a cup or patera found here Horsley p. 330.</p>

<blockquote>

<p>[<i>These are on a slip gummed in, in Mr. Britton's own hand.</i>]</p></blockquote>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span></p>


<p class="p2 center">The Vocabulary itself.</p>

<p class="center">COLLECTION OF A FEW PROVINCIAL TERMS
USED IN NORTH WILTS.</p>


<p class="center">Page 1.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Arran</b> for either</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Acrass</b></p>

<p class="hang">'<b>All a hoh</b>'&mdash;awry&mdash;not square, strait or even&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Beet</b>&mdash;To beet&mdash;is to supply fire with fewel</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Brow</b>&mdash;the opposite of Tough&mdash;Substances that will easily
break</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Burrow</b>&mdash;Shelter from Wind&mdash;generally applied to some Low
Place in a field where some neighbouring hillock breaks the
force of the gale</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Caddle</b> a term variously applied, but in all cases significant
of Confusion or embarassmt To be in a Caddle&mdash;to be in
disorder&mdash;to be embarrassd with business&mdash;Dont Caddle
me&mdash;dont teaze me&mdash;don't confuse me&mdash;'a cadling fellow'
a wrangler a shifting, &amp; sometimes an unmeaning character</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clavey</b>&mdash;Chimney Piece</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cham</b>&mdash;to Chew&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clap to the Door</b>&mdash;shut the Door.</p>

<p class="center">Page 2.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chism</b>&mdash;to germ&mdash;Seed is said to chism when it discovers the
first appearance of germination</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Chit</b>&mdash;to spring&mdash;leaves are coming out.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Cleet</b>&mdash;a Patch whereby an utensil is repaird&mdash;to cleet to
mend by a patch put on, &amp; sometimes to Strengtn by
bracing etc</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clum</b>&mdash;To Clum a thing&mdash;is to handle it Roughly boisterously
or indecently</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clyten</b> A term applied to express an unhealthy appearance,
particularly in Children&mdash;a Clyten an unhealthy Child</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clout</b> a blow</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Clytenish</b>. To look Clytenish to Look pale &amp; sickly</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dain</b>&mdash;disagreeable effluvia&mdash;generally applied to Those Scents
which are Supposed to convey infections, i.e. "Dont go to
near that man; he has lately had the Small Pox &amp; the <i>dain</i>
may be in his <ins title="Note: Originally appears after 'Page 3' below">Cloths still</ins>"</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Desperd</b> very as desperd fine etc</p>

<p class="center">Page 3</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dummil</b>&mdash;Heavy, dull&mdash;a term variously applied&mdash;but in all
cases signifies the reverse of sprightly or Brilliant</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dowse</b>&mdash;a Blow</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch</b>&mdash;The Common term for Deaf</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dunch Dumplin</b>&mdash;a Dumplin made of flower and water only&mdash;boild
hard &amp; eaten hot with Butter&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Dar</b>, 'to be struck in a Dar,' to be astonishd or Confounded</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Flick</b> or <b>flitch</b>&mdash;i.e. To be flitch with one,' is to be familiar or
intimate</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gallered</b> to be astonished, frightened, as <i>he gallered me</i></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Gabborn</b>&mdash;a term always applied to Buildings to denote Largeness
without Convenience &amp; Comfort&mdash;a gabborn Room or
house signifies a place Large cold and comfortless</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Glox</b> a term applied to denote the motion or Sound made by
Liquids when movd about in a barrel or other vessel not
full as</p>

<p class="center">Page 4</p>

<p class="ind2">for instance, "Fill the Barrel full John or else it will glox in
Carriage"&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Glutch</b>&mdash;To Glutch, to swallow&mdash;the act of Swallowing&mdash;i.e.&mdash;He
glutchd hard that is he swallowed with difficulty</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hit</b> to strike</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hazon</b>&mdash;To Hazon a Person is to scold or menace him&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Harl</b>&mdash;<b>a Harl</b>&mdash;Something entangled&mdash;His hair is all in a harl&mdash;i.e.
knotted&mdash;uncombed<br />
ravle</p>

<p class="hang"><b>To harl</b>&mdash;to entangle</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hire</b> for hear&mdash;Dont hire do not <i>hear</i></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hatch</b> a small door or gate&mdash;generally applied to the half
doors frequent in Shops</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Heft</b>&mdash;weight&mdash;i e what heft is that Parcel i e what weight
is it&mdash;(perhaps a contraction of heavy-weight)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hike</b> To hike off&mdash;to sneak away dishonorably</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hitch</b>&mdash;monthly Agents</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Howe</b>&mdash;Pronounced Broad and Long Ho-ow or Hau-ow&mdash;To
be in a hauow&mdash;to be anxious</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Howed for</b>&mdash;provided for&mdash;taken care of&mdash;a figurative expression
undoubtedly derived from the term</p>

<p class="center">Page 5</p>

<p class="ind2">made use of by Shepherds in driving collecting &amp; managing
their flocks, i.e. Ho hó&mdash;ho-hó</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hop a bouts</b> a term applied to small apple Dumplings made
of one apple enclosd in a Paste of flour &amp; boild</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Hudgy</b>&mdash;thick Clumsey</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kitch</b>&mdash;to Kitch or Ketch&mdash;to congeal&mdash;oils animal fat &amp;c. are
said to catch or kitch when they grow cold enough to
congeal</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Kerfs</b> Laminæ&mdash;Layers or cleavings of Earth Turf Hay &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lear</b>&mdash;empty&mdash;a Lear Stomach, a Stomach wanting food</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lew</b>&mdash;To get in the Lew&mdash;is to get in a place Sheltered from
the wind&mdash;(perhaps derivd from the Sea Phrase&mdash;Lee&mdash;)</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Lewth</b> warmth&mdash;"this Coat has no Lewth in it," i.e. it has
no warmth</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Limp</b> a thing is said to be Limp when it has Lost its accustomed
Stiffness</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Limber</b>&mdash;Slender&mdash;or Rather a thing Long &amp; bending</p>

<p class="center">Page 6</p>

<p class="hang"><b>M&#257;ndy</b> pronouncd Long&mdash;frolicksome&mdash;Impudent&mdash;Showy</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Miff</b>&mdash;offence&mdash;to take a miff&mdash;to be offended</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Mothery</b> or <b>Muthery</b> Beer, vinegar &amp;c. are said to be mothery
when white Particles of fust float in it&mdash;Perhaps a Corruption
of muddy or muddery&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Most-in-deal</b>&mdash;in general&mdash;mostly&mdash;(example) "where do you
Live now?'&mdash;why at Devizes, most in deal, but sometimes
at Warminster&mdash;"</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Muxen</b> Dung heap.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Newst</b>&mdash;Newst or anewst Signifies nearly&mdash;what is it a Clock?&mdash;a
newst One. which of the two is oldest?&mdash;They are newst
of an age. which of those things are best? they are a newst
alike&mdash;In the Latter example however the more usual reply
would be "they are anewst of a newstness"</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nitch</b>&mdash;a Burthen, as a Nitch of wood a nitch of Straw a Nitch
of hay &amp;c.&mdash;"He has got a nitch," i.e. he is Drunk, he has
got as much Liquor as he can carry&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Plye</b> to bend as the Poker is plied&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Nan?</b>&mdash;What do you say</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Quilt</b> To Quilt a term used almost exclusive of any other to
denote the act of Swallowing when performd</p>

<p class="center">Page 7.</p>

<p class="ind2">in the usual &amp; natural way&mdash;the term Glutch being rather
descriptive of a difficulty in doing it or the doing it with
labour</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rowney</b>&mdash;thin, uneven&mdash;generally applied to Cloth</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rumple</b>&mdash;to Rumple is to press a thing, particularily</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rathe</b>&mdash;early in the morning
a garment, so as to make it appear promiscuously wrinkled&mdash;or
tumbled</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Rubble</b>&mdash;universally us'd for Rubbish&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shewent</b> a Piece of Cloth is said to be&mdash;shewent&mdash;when it is
evenly wove &amp; not Rowey&mdash;it is also applied in other Cases
but always to denote a thing Level &amp; even&mdash;to Look
Shewent, is to Look demure</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shim</b> This word is rather of Glocestershire but it is nevertheless
in use on the North Border of wilts, &amp; is a Corruption
or Contraction perhaps of Seeming&mdash;Ex. gra&mdash;He is a fine
fellow Shim&mdash;or he is, Shim, a fine fellow means that the
person spoken of is apparently a fine fellow</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Skillin</b>&mdash;a shed</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shog</b>&mdash;Shog &amp; jog&mdash;words nearly of the same import &amp; Signify
to move off degradedly&mdash;to slink or shirk away</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Shirk</b> off</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sleazey</b>&mdash;thin&mdash;Slight&mdash;generally applied to Cloth Silks &amp;c.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slink away</b></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Slox</b> to waste a thing, or pilfer it&mdash;"Sloxd away" wasted or
pilferd</p>

<p class="center">Page 8.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stowl</b>&mdash;a root&mdash;great stowl</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sprack</b>&mdash;Lively&mdash;bright quick a main sprack child</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Stole</b>&mdash;when trees, are buddg&mdash;trees</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sultedge</b> a term applied to describe a Coarse apron much worn
by the poor Women &amp; which they always describe by the
term a Sultedge apron</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Swingeing</b>&mdash;violent&mdash;great&mdash;forcible</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Sprawny</b> a Sweetheart [Misread as Sprawing by Britton.]</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tack</b> a shelf&mdash;put it on the tack&mdash;i e put it on the Shelf&mdash;How
many tacks are there in the Pantry, i.e. how many Shelves</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Teft</b>&mdash;to teft a thing is to judge of its weight by taking it in
the hand i e&mdash;what Heft do you think this Bundle is&mdash;I dont
know Let's teft it&mdash;i.e. let me take it in my hand</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><b>Thic</b> &amp; <b>Thuck</b> this &amp; that&mdash;as thic wâ this way</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tine</b>&mdash;to kindle&mdash;to tine a fire is to Light a fire,&mdash;to tine
a Candle&mdash;to Light a candle</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tine</b> to fence to tine in a piece of waste ground is to enclose
it with a fence of wood or quickset</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tining</b> fences of Wood either Brushwood Pales or a Hedge</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tun</b> Chimney</p>

<p class="center">Page 9.</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Tag</b> to tease to torment</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Todge</b>&mdash;a thick Consistency&mdash;Thick as Todge gruels, Soups, etc,
made unpleasantly thick</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Twit</b>&mdash;to upbraid</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Twire</b>&mdash;to Look at a thing wistfully or Critically 'How he
twir'd at her&mdash;i e. how wistfully he Look at her'&mdash;Common
Phrase</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vuddels</b> a spoilt Child</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Vinny</b> mouldy&mdash;Vinney Cheese, is mouldy Cheese&mdash;properly
it denotes anything tinted&mdash;not with a black or Rotten&mdash;but
with a whitish or blue mould&mdash;very common Phrase</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Unkerd</b> or <b>Unkert</b>&mdash;Lonely or Solitary&mdash;an unkert house
a Lone house&mdash;an unkert place a Solitary place&mdash;very
Common phrase</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Weeth</b> tough Soft pliable&mdash;</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Yat</b> a gate&mdash;yat Post, a gate Post</p>

<p class="hang"><b>Wont</b> for Will not</p>

<p class="hang"><b>dree vour vive zix s</b></p>

<p>N.B. In north wilts it may be remarkd that the formation
of the Plural by affixing en to the Noun is almost universal as
house housen Pease Peasen Wench wenchen&mdash;almost as universal
too is the transformation of the</p>

<p class="center">Page 10.</p>

<p>Substantive into an adjective by the same termination as
a Silken gown a Clothen Coat a Leatheren Shoe an elmen
Board &amp;c. the pronoun Possessive too is formd in the same<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>
way as hisn hern Ourn theirn&mdash;the old terms also, thic &amp; thoc
almost Constantly exclude the expression This &amp; That&mdash;There
is also here a Peculiar mode of forming active verbs from
Nouns, which are generally in use as apellations for professions&mdash;take
an Example Well Mary, how do you get on in Life?
what do you &amp; your family do <i>now</i> to get a Living in these
times&mdash;Wy zur we do aal vind zummut to do&mdash;Jan, ye know,
he do <i>Smithey</i> (work as a smith) Jin the beggist wench do
spinney the Little one do Lace makey&mdash;I do <i>Chorey</i> (go out as
a Chore Woman) and the two Boys do Bird keepey&mdash;that is
One works as a smith&mdash;one spins one makes Lace one goes out
as a Chore woman &amp; two are Birdkeepers which Latter term
were more to the purpose if expressd Bird frightener or driver</p>

<p>Show to Ingram-Ellis</p>

<hr class="chap" />

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span></p>



<h2><a name="APPENDIX_III" id="APPENDIX_III">APPENDIX III</a></h2>

<p class="center">Monthly Magazine Word-list.</p>


<p>In the <cite>Monthly Magazine</cite>, Sept. 1814, vol. xxxviii. p. 114,
a short and very badly arranged list of South Wilts Words and
Phrases occurs. We have thought it best to reproduce it here,
<i>verbatim et literatim</i>, from the Magazine itself, kindly lent us by
Mr. Cunnington, as the account given of it in the Preface to
Professor Skeat's reprint of Akerman is in some respects
slightly inaccurate. Thus, he omits all mention of <i>Hogo</i> and
some other words or phrases, while <i>Tatees</i> is misquoted as <i>taters</i>
and <i>Theseum</i> as <i>Thescum</i>. The remarks made on the latter word
will therefore require some modification.</p>


<p class="center">Prefatory Note.</p>

<p><i>To the Editor of the Monthly Magazine.</i> Sir, In conformity
to your invitation, I send you some specimens of the provincial
dialect of South Wiltshire.</p>

<p class="signature">
<span class="smcap">Mark.</span> <i>July</i> 23, 1813.<br />
</p>


<blockquote>

<p class="center">The Word-list.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Thic</i>, this.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Thac</i>, that.&mdash;"<i>Thacs</i> the way I <em>do</em> do."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Theseum</i>, these.&mdash;"What are <i>theseum</i> here?"</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Dooke</i>, do you.&mdash;"Hold thy brother, dooke." Or, "dooke be
quiet." [Brother <i>is evidently a misprint for</i> bother.]</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Volk</i>, folk.&mdash;"Vaut vine volks." What fine folks.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Wuld</i>, world.&mdash;"The honestest volk in the wuld."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Heft</i>, weight.&mdash;"What heft be 'um?"</p>

<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></p>

<p class="hang"><i>Hiss</i>, Yes.&mdash;"Hiss sure, mum." Yes sure, madam.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Housen</i>, house.&mdash;"Yan housen." Yonder house.</p>

<p class="hang">A always pronounced R. [=broad]</p>

<p class="hang">"Send it <i>once</i> this morning, dooke." Send it this morning.</p>

<p class="hang">"I <em>do</em> know what they be." [=I don't know]</p>

<p class="hang">"Harnt thee got nareon." Have not you got one.</p>

<p class="hang">"Nice day izzent it?"&mdash;"Yes it is sure."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Thee</i> and <i>thou</i> for <i>you</i>.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Crockerty</i>, china.&mdash;"I've torn my crockerty."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Terrible</i>, very.&mdash;"Lard! they be terrible dear."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Torn</i>, broke.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Hogo</i>, smell.</p>

<p class="hang">"<i>What a book of clothes.</i>" What a large wash.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Barm</i>, yeast.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Caddling</i>, teazing, chattering.</p>

<p class="hang">"<i>Mud the child up, dooke.</i>" Bring up the child by hand.</p>

<p class="hang">"<i>Lard, the child's got the white mouth.</i>" The child's got the
thrush.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Shrammed</i>, perished.&mdash;"I was half shrammed on the
downs<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Tatees</i>, potatoes. "I do want a gallon of tatees."</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Figged Pudding</i>, plum pudding.</p>

<p class="hang"><i>Handy</i>, near.&mdash;Handy ten o'clock.</p>

<p class="signature">
<cite>Monthly Magazine</cite>, Sept. 1814.<br />
</p></blockquote>


<p class="p2 center">THE END.</p>


<div class="footnotes"><p class="center">FOOTNOTES:</p>

<div class="footnote">

<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a>
William Little was a shepherd in North Wilts, and was an old man
when Akerman was a boy.</p></div>

<div class="footnote">

<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a>
[Here a foot-note is given in the Magazine, but has been obliterated
in the only copy to which we have access.]</p></div></div>

<div class="transnote"><p class="center">Transcriber's Note:</p>

<p>Obvious typographical errors were repaired.</p>

<p><a href="#Page_xv">P. xv</a>: "D when preceded by a liquid"&mdash;original read "followed" in place of "preceded."</p>

<p>Appendix II: unusual spellings and capitalizations preserved as in original.</p>

<p><a href="#Page_228">P. 228</a>: "dain may be in his Cloths still"&mdash;"Cloths still" originally appeared below "Desperd" entry and "Page 3" heading.</p>
</div>

<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 45809 ***</div>
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